,little ,folks' ,handy ,book     ,,books
 ,,by ,,lina ,,beard ,,and ,,adelia ,b4 
,,beard            ,illustrated by the  
,authors            ,,on ,,the ,,trail  
,,things ,,worth ,,doing ,,and ,,how    
,,to ,,do ,,them                        
,,recreations ,,for ,,girls--,,indoor   
,,and ,,outdoor            ,,what ,a    
,,girl ,,can ,,make ,,and ,,do1 ,,and   
,,new ,,ideas ,,for ,,work ,,and ,,play 
,,the ,,american ,,girl',s ,,handy      
,,book2 or1 ,,how ,,to ,,amuse          
,,yourself             ,,and ,,others   
,,little ,,folks' ,,handy ,,book        
,,charles ,,scribner',s ,,sons          
,little ,folks' ,handy ,book  ,by       
,,lina ,,beard ,,and ,,adelia ,b4       
,,beard  ,with ,many ,illustrations  by 
the ,authors            ,charles        
,scribner's ,sons           ,,new ,,york
  ,,chicago   ,,boston                  
,,copyright1 #aiaj1 ,,by                
,,charles ,,scribner',s ,,sons  ,printed
 in the ,united ,states of ,america     
,,special ,,notice  ,all the material in

 this book1 both text and cuts1 is      
original with the authors and invented  
by them2 and warning is hereby given    
that the unauthorized printing of any   
portion of the text and the reproduction
 of any of the illustrations or diagrams
 are expressly forbidden4               
,illustration     ,,preface   ,,let me  
do it4 ,let me make it1 is the cry when 
a child sees an older person putting    
together the different parts of an      
interesting piece of work2 and it is    
this desire to do things himself1 this  
impulse toward self-expression1 that1   
when properly directed1 forms so great a
 factor in his all-around development   
and education4 ,using the hands and     
brain together stimulates interest and  
quickens observation and intelligence1  
and1 as the object takes form beneath   
the little fingers1 the act of making1  
of creating1 brings with it a delight   
and satisfaction which the mere         
possession of the same thing made by    
another can not give4 ,look6 ,see what  

,i have made1 comes with a ring of      
triumph as the childish hands gleefully 
hold up the finished article for        
inspection4  ,in this book we have      
endeavored to open a new and large field
 of simple handicrafts for little folk1 
giving them an original line of toys and
 a new line of materials with which to  
make them4 ,we hope in these pages to   
bring to children the joy of making     
creditable and instructive toys of such 
ordinary things as empty spools1 sticks 
of kindling wood1 wooden clothespins1   
natural twigs1 old envelopes and        
newspapers1 and in this way to encourage
 resourcefulness1 originality1          
inventiveness1 and the power to do with 
supplies at hand4  ,everything described
 in the book has been actually made by  
the authors1 and made by such practical 
and simple methods that a child's mind  
can grasp them1 and a child's hands be  
easily trained to manufacture the       
articles4 ,it is1 therefore1 our hope   
that the ,little ,folks' ,handy ,book   

will be found useful both in            
,kindergarten and ,primary grades of the
 schools and in the home nursery2 a     
helpful friend to teachers and to       
mothers4            ,,lina ,,beard4     
,,adelia ,b4 ,,beard4                   
,,flushing1 ,n4 ,y41 ,february #aj1     
#aiaj4     ,,contents     ,,chapter     
,,page       ,i4 ,,paper ,,building     
,,cards                                 
#a      ,,ii4 ,,toys ,,made ,,of        
,,common ,,wooden ,,berry-,,baskets     
#e     ,,iii4 ,,straw ,,and ,,paper     
,,furniture                             
#i      ,,iv4 ,a ,,newspaper ,,boat     
,,which ,,will ,,sail ,,on ,,real       
,,water      #ae       ,v4 ,,paper      
,,jewelry                               
#ai      ,,vi4 ,,what ,,to ,,make ,,of  
,,empty ,,spools                        
#bh     ,,vii4 ,,old ,,envelope ,,toys  
,,and ,,how ,,to ,,make ,,them          
#dg    ,,viii4 ,,toys ,,of ,,clothespins
                                 #ee    
,,ix4 ,,scrap-,,books                   

#fd      ,x4 ,,toys ,,made ,,of ,,common
 ,,kindling ,,wood                      
#gj      ,,xi4 ,,little ,,twig ,,people 
#gi     ,,xii4 ,,visiting-,,card        
,,houses                                
#ij    ,,xiii4 ,,playing ,,indians      
,,with ,,costumes ,,made ,,of           
,,newspapers    #ih     ,,xiv4          
,,christmas-,,tree ,,decorations        
#ajf      ,,xv4 ,a ,,home-,,made ,,santa
 ,,claus                            #abd
     ,,xvi4 ,,nature ,,study ,,with     
,,tissue-,,paper                        
#acj     ,,little ,,folks' ,,handy      
,,book     ,,chapter ,i  ,,paper        
,,building ,,cards   ,,make your        
building cards of ordinary              
writing-paper4 ,you may have as many    
cards as you like1 though twelve are all
 that are used to make the things shown 
in our photographs4  ,illustration3     
,,fig4 #a--;,cut an oblong out like     
this4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #b--,this  
is the building card4  ,for each card   
cut an oblong of paper five inches long 

and two and a half inches wide4 ,this is
 a very good size1 but you can make them
 a little larger or smaller4 ,always    
remember1 however1 to have them just    
twice as long as they are wide1 and all 
of one size4 ,when you have cut out the 
oblong 7,fig4 #a7 fold it through the   
middle1 bringing the two short edges    
evenly together4 ,the dotted line in    
,fig4 #a shows where it is to be folded4
 ,now open the oblong half-way and you  
will have the building card 7,fig4 #b74 
,they are very simple and easy to make1 
aren't they8 ,but wonderful and         
delightful things can be built with     
these pieces of paper4 ,you can have a  
whole camp of little tents by standing  
the cards with the folded edge up2 and  
to make   ,a ,camp ,chair  all you need 
do is to push two of your tents close   
together1 then on top of their folded   
edges lay another card with one flat    
side down to form the seat and the other
 side up for the back4  ,illustration3  
,,fig4 #c--,you can make a little camp  

chair4  ,the second illustration 7,fig4 
#c7 shows just how to do this4 ,use the 
tents again for   ,the ,pyramid  in     
,fig4 #d4 ,stand three tents in a row   
close together4 ,on top of these make a 
floor by laying two cards across with   
one side of each card extending down at 
the back of the tents4 ,then build a    
second story--two tents this time1 with 
a floor on top4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4  
#d--,use the tents to make this pyramid4
  ,the third and top story will be one  
tent1 which forms the peak of the       
pyramid4 ,of course you can make your   
pyramid very much larger by adding more 
tents to the first row and then building
 it up higher4   ,the ,stable  is very  
cunning with its four little stalls4 ,to
 build it you must stand the cards on   
their side edges as in ,fig4 #b4 ,one   
side forms the back wall of the stall1  
the other the side wall4 ,when you have 
reached the end of the row you will find
 the last stall lacks a side wall1 but  
all you have to do is to slide another  

back wall behind the last and there you 
have the needed side wall4 ,put a roof  
over the stalls just as you made the    
floors for your pyramid1 and then stand 
a tent on top for the cupola4 ,place a  
card at each end of the stalls1 as shown
 in the illustration1 and your stable is
 ready for its tiny horses4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #e--;,a little    
stable with four little stalls4  ,build 
,the ,garden ,wall  7,fig4 #f7 by       
standing the cards on their side edges4 
,you can make the garden any size or    
shape you like1 but always have the     
gateway just wide enough to hold the    
tent roof on top4 ,see how the cards    
stand with edges in on either side of   
the opening4 ,this will support the     
tent-shaped roof4 ,perhaps the children 
will want a house in the garden4 ,you   
can build one if you try4 ,then see how 
many more things can be made of the     
paper cards1 for ,i have not told you   
half of them4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4    
#f--;,a garden wall and gateway4        

,,chapter ,,ii  ,,toys ,,made ,,of      
,,common ,,wooden ,,berry-,,baskets     
,,use a one-quart wooden berry-box for  
the china closet 7,fig4 #g74 ,turn the  
empty box facing you1 and slide the     
prongs of a clothespin up through the   
open crack at the lower right hand of   
the box4 ,allow one prong of the        
clothespin to come on the outside and   
the other prong on the inside of the    
thin wooden side of the box2 adjust the 
clothespin well to the front edge of the
 box1 and it will form the right-hand   
front leg of the china closet4 ,add     
another leg in like manner on the same  
side of the box for the back leg2 then  
slide two more clothespins up on the    
opposite side of the box to form the    
remaining two legs 7,fig4 #h74          
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #g--,the          
berry-basket china closet4              
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #h--,slide        
clothespins on the basket for legs4     
,the prongs of the clothespins do not   
reach up to the top of the inside of the

 box1 but leave sufficient space for a  
shelf4 ,make the shelf by laying a      
clothespin across from side to side1    
supported by the prongs of the back     
legs1 and another across1 supported by  
the prongs of the front legs 7,fig4 #h74
 ,the clothespin used for the front of  
the shelf will probably have to be a    
trifle longer than that for the back1 as
 the box is wider in front than at the  
back4 ,set some toy dishes on the top1  
the shelf1 and the inside bottom of the 
china closet1 as in ,fig4 #g4  ,with    
another quart berry-box and four more   
clothespins make the   ,doll's ,table   
,slide the prongs of a clothespin down  
on either side of the box at the four   
corners 7,fig4 #i71 then turn the table 
right side up1 placing it on its feet4  
,set the table with toy dishes1 and     
dinner will be ready 7,fig4 #aj74       
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #i--,slide the    
prongs of the clothespins down on the   
sides of the box4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4
 #aj--,make the doll's table4  ,the     

table can be turned into a dressing-case
 by standing two clothespins on their   
heads at each side of the back of the   
top of the table1 and sliding a piece of
 stiff paper across from clothespin to  
clothespin between the prongs for a     
mirror 7,fig4 #aa74 ,of course1 the     
addition of a fringed white paper1 or   
cloth scarf1 over the top of the        
dressing-case would enhance its         
appearance1 as would also a table-cloth 
over the top of the dinner table1 but   
the covers were purposely omitted in the
 photographs that one may see exactly   
how the articles were made4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aa--,the table   
can be turned into a dressing-case4     
,make a   ,dolly's ,bassinet  7,fig4    
#ab7 of a small oblong berry-basket with
 four clothespin legs slanting outward  
at the bottom and the prongs of the legs
 on each side brought together at the   
top 7,fig4 #ac74 ,on the centre of one  
end of the basket slide down the prongs 
of a fifth clothespin to form the       

upright for holding drapery 7,fig4 #ac74
 ,when adjusted1 fold a lady's          
handkerchief diagonally through the     
centre and hang it over the support1 as 
in ,fig4 #ab4 ,the bassinet will then be
 ready for a folded handkerchief as     
bedding and a little baby doll4         
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ab--;,a perfect  
little bassinet4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 
#ac--,the bassinet without the drapery4 
,a comical little berry-basket          
,bow-wow  7,fig4 #ad7 can be made by    
using a two-quart basket for the body1  
the bassinet basket for a head1 and     
clothespins for ears1 tail1 and legs4   
,fasten the legs on the body so that the
 front legs will slant forward and the  
back legs backward1 that the dog may    
appear to be running 7,fig4 #ae72 slide 
a clothespin on the end of the basket   
for a tail2 then fasten two clothespins 
slanting backward on the small basket   
for ears2 set the small basket on the   
front end of the large one1 placing it  
so that almost half of it projects over 

the large basket1 and the comical little
 dog will be finished4  ,illustration3  
,,fig4 #ad--;,a comical berry-basket    
bow-wow4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4         
#ae--,put the legs on slantingly4  ,fig4
 #af shows two clothespin horses        
attached to a   ,berry-basket ,wagon    
with clothespin wheels4 ,the driver is a
 clothespin held up by a clothespin     
seat1 and the wagon is filled with      
clothespin people along each side edge4 
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #af--,the         
berry-basket wagon with clothespin      
horses4     ,,chapter ,,iii  ,,straw    
,,and ,,paper ,,furniture   ,a ,,handful
 of straws1 such as are used for        
lemonade and soda-water1 several large  
sheets of writing-paper1 and some       
small-sized pins--these are your        
materials4 ,a pair of sharp scissors1 a 
ruler marked off into whole1 half1 and  
quarter inches1 and a lead pencil--these
 are your tools4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 
#ag--,the old-fashioned bedstead4  ,we  
will begin with the old-fashioned       

four-post bedstead with its canopy and  
valances 7,fig4 #ag74 ,it is easily put 
together1 but you must be careful to cut
 the straws for the posts all exactly   
the same length1 making them about seven
 inches long1 and to have your          
measurements for the other parts quite  
correct1 in order that the bedstead may 
stand perfectly upright4 ,select four   
straight straws for the posts--sound and
 whole4 ,split straws will not do4  ,the
 mattress and canopy are exactly alike2 
each has its valance1 and they are just 
the same size2 so directions for one    
will answer for both4 ,cut an oblong of 
writing-paper eight and a half inches   
long and six and a half inches wide4 ,be
 sure that the ends and side edges form 
perfect right angles2 if they do not1   
the bed will be crooked4 ,the edges of  
your sheet of writing-paper are at right
 angles to one another1 and if you use  
the top edge of your paper for the top  
edge of your oblong1 and the side edge  
of the paper for one side edge of your  

oblong1 the rest will come out all      
right4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ah--,the 
mattress and canopy4  ,now draw         
perfectly straight lines across your    
oblong from top to bottom1 just one and 
a half inches from each edge 7,fig4     
#ah74 ,then from side to side draw two  
more straight lines2 the first one and a
 half inches below the top edge and the 
other one and a half inches above the   
bottom edge4 ,this gives the mattress   
with a border all around4 ,in each      
corner of the mattress1 a little more   
than a quarter of an inch from the end  
and side lines1 draw a small cross as   
shown in ,fig4 #ah4 ,be sure these      
crosses are placed correctly1 and are   
exactly alike in mattress and canopy4   
,now cut out the four squares at the    
corners of the oblong1 as indicated by  
the heavy lines in ,fig4 #ah1 and insert
 the point of your scissors in the      
centre of each little cross and snip    
along each line of the cross4 ,do not   
make the slashes too deep4  ,cut the    

edges of the border1 or valance1 into   
small points1 as in ,fig4 #ag2 then bend
 the valance down at the sides and ends 
of the mattress4 ,the dotted lines in   
the diagrams show where to bend the     
paper4 ,make the canopy just as you have
 made the mattress1 but cut deeper      
points on the edge of the valance4      
,through each of the four straw bedposts
 run a small pin two and a quarter      
inches from the end of the straw 7,fig4 
#ai74  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ai--,slide
 the paper down to the pin4  ,push the  
long ends of the straws up through the  
slashed crosses in the corners of the   
mattress 7,fig4 #ai7 until the bottom of
 the mattress rests on the pins1 then   
run a pin through each straw just above 
and close to the top of the mattress4   
,between the two pins the paper can slip
 neither up nor down4 ,run another pin  
in each straw post half an inch from the
 top1 slide the canopy down upon these1 
and fasten with more pins1 as you did   
the mattress4 ,make the bolster by      

folding a piece of paper the proper     
shape and cutting the end edges in      
points for trimming4  ,now you not only 
know how to make the bedstead1 but      
,the ,little ,table  as well1 for if you
 will look at ,fig4 #bj you will see    
that it is put together in the same     
manner as the bedstead4  ,illustration3 
,,fig4 #bj--,the little table4  ,make   
the legs of the table three inches long4
 ,cut the top of the table four inches  
long and three and a half inches wide1  
and the shelf three and a half inches   
long and three inches wide4 ,measure    
one-quarter of an inch from each edge of
 the table top and draw straight lines  
as in ,fig4 #ba4 ,this will give you a  
narrow border all around the top4  ,make
 and cut the little crosses in the      
corners of top and shelf1 then cut out  
the squares at the corners of the top   
and bend down the edges4 ,the shelf of  
the table should be one inch above the  
bottom ends of the straws1 and the top  
of the table one-quarter of an inch     

below the top ends of the straws4       
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ba--;,a narrow   
border all around the table top4  ,by   
making the straw legs of the table twice
 as long1 and the top and shelves       
narrower1 you can have another useful   
article of furniture1 for by adding two 
shelves of paper on the straws1 and     
fastening them in the same way1 this can
 be used as a cupboard or shelves on    
which to place the tiny doll dishes or  
clothes4 ,the table can also be made    
into a little dressing-table1 by simply 
using for the back legs straws twice as 
long as the front legs and then slipping
 a square piece of paper on the straws  
that extend above the table1 to serve as
 a mirror4 ,just as the paper is slipped
 on the straws for the back of the chair
 7,fig4 #bb71 silver paper is pasted on 
this to make it look like glass4  ,with 
these few patterns you can make any     
number of useful articles to furnish    
,miss ,dolly's house4 ,you can make     
small beds and large beds1 small tables 

and large tables1 and many sizes of     
chairs4  ,you can make   ,the ,chair  by
 merely looking at ,fig4 #bb and the    
diagrams1 ,figs4 #bc and #bd4 ,no pins  
were used in this1 but if you want the  
chair to last it is best to fasten it   
securely like the rest of the furniture4
 ,the straws for the back should be six 
inches long and for the front legs two  
and a quarter inches long4 ,the shelf   
under the chair is the size of the seat4
  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bb--,the       
high-backed chair4  ,this furniture will
 be especially useful in playing with   
paper dolls1 and by using different     
colors1 in colored papers1 you can have 
a blue room1 a pink room1 and a green   
room4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bc--,push 
the straw through the back of the chair4
  ,you can make tissue-paper sheets and 
spread for the bed and pillow-slips1    
too1 if you like4 ,thus dolly can be    
tucked away snugly for the night4  ,the 
ingenuity exercised in the construction 
of these simple articles will encourage 

the development of deftness and skill in
 the little fingers1 which are ever     
ready to imitate anything that teacher  
can make4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#bd--;,cut the back and seat like these4
     ,,chapter ,,iv  ,a ,,newspaper     
,,boat ,,which ,,will ,,sail ,,on ,,real
 ,,water   ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#be--,the newspaper boat made           
water-proof and sailing on real water4  
,,you can fold a                        
thirteen-and-a-half-inch square of      
newspaper into a fine boat measuring    
thirteen inches from stem to stern4 ,it 
will be a good1 stanch craft like ,fig4 
#be1 to float and sail out in the open  
on pond1 lake1 or river1 or at home in  
basin or bath tub4  ,illustration3      
,,fig4 #bf--,square of newspaper for    
making boat4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     
#bg--,paper folded at centre4           
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bh--,paper with  
sides bent down1 making four layers4    
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bi--,paper ready 
to turn back lower corners4             

,illustration3 ,,fig4 #cj--,ready for   
folding back the upper corners4  ,cut   
your square of paper even and straight4 
,place it out flat on top of a bare     
table and fold at the centre along the  
dotted line 7,fig4 #bf71 which will make
 ,fig4 #bg4 ,bend each side of this down
 outwardly along its centre at the      
dotted line and bring the edges a       
quarter of an inch lower than the bottom
 fold ,a2 then your paper will be four  
layers like ,fig4 #bh4 ,turn up the     
lower edge ,b of ,fig4 #bh1 making ,fig4
 #bi4 ,fold back the three lower layers 
of the corners at the dotted lines      
7,fig4 #bi7 and you will have ,fig4 #cj4
 ,bend back the upper corners at the    
dotted lines to make ,fig4 #ca4 ,open   
,fig4 #ca at the top and it will be your
 boat4 ,turn the boat upside down and   
slide one loose edge on the bottom under
 the other loose edge2 then pinch each  
bottom point and bend it down toward the
 centre of the boat1 creasing it flat   
7,fig4 #cb74 ,turn the boat right side  

up again1 set it on the table1 bend the 
two sides well up and crease them along 
the bottom until the boat resembles     
,fig4 #cc4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4       
#ca--,square folded into boat4          
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #cb--;,fold points
 on bottom of boat inward toward        
centre--this way4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4
 #cc--,newspaper boat without sail4  ,to
 render the craft water-proof melt a    
piece of wax candle1 turn the boat      
upside down again and give the bottom a 
coat of the melted white wax1 extending 
the coat half way or more up the sides4 
,use a teaspoon for pouring the wax over
 the boat2 the hot wax soon hardens and 
in a few moments you may launch the     
little craft on the water4  ,if you want
 to make a   ,sailing ,vessel  of your  
boat1 roll up a one-inch-wide strip of  
newspaper into an old-fashioned paper   
lighter1 which is merely rolling the    
strip spirally into a round stick2 this 
is the mast4 ,cut a paper sail1 not too 
large1 puncture holes in it and slide   

the sail on the mast2 add a small paper 
pennant on the extreme top2 then insert 
the base of the mast into a common      
wooden spool and glue the spool tight to
 the bottom of the boat at the centre of
 the bow4  ,with thread and needle take 
a stitch or two in the lower corner of  
the sail and attach it with a short     
length of the thread to the stern2      
fasten securely4 ,also fasten the       
pennant to the mast1 so that it cannot  
turn1 for in this vessel both sail and  
pennant must be stationary and not swing
 to either side4 ,be careful not to have
 the sail too heavy4     ,,chapter ,v   
,,paper ,,jewelry   ,,ordinary brown    
wrapping paper is the best to use for   
this paper jewelry4 ,indeed the pale1   
creamy yellow of some wrapping paper is 
much like ivory in color1 and the chains
 and ornaments made of it are really    
charming4   ,the ,necklace  ,see how    
simply the necklace is made without glue
 or paste4 ,it is a system of double    
rings that shift and slide in one's     

hands like the links of a metal chain4  
,when the principle is understood it is 
all very easy4  ,the rings may be cut   
out free-hand by folding the paper as in
 ,fig4 #cd4 ,cut an oblong about six    
inches long and three inches wide and   
fold it crosswise through the middle1   
then bring the two side edges together  
and fold it again lengthwise4 ,start at 
the top where the paper is folded and   
cut out the ring as in ,fig4 #cd4 ,you  
will notice in the drawing that the     
circle at the top is slightly elongated2
 this is necessary in fitting the rings 
together4 ,the ring when opened will    
look like ,fig4 #ce4 ,cut out six rings 
the size and shape of ,fig4 #ce1 then   
make two smaller ones1 like ,a 7,fig4   
#cf71 and eight still smaller ones1 like
 ,b 7,fig4 #cf74 ,now cut a single ring 
perfectly round1 a trifle larger than   
,fig4 #cd1 a double ring like ,c 7,fig4 
#cg71 and a pearl-shaped pendant like   
,fig4 #ch4 ,open ,fig4 #ch and cut the  
three-cornered catch in one half and the

 slit in the other half1 as shown in    
,fig4 #ci4 ,cut the catch first1 then   
fold the pendant again1 as in ,fig4 #ch1
 and punch small holes with a pin at the
 base of the catch through the other    
half1 to mark the place for the slit4   
,the slit must not be as long as the    
base of the catch1 else the catch will  
not hold4  ,illustration3 ,the little   
queen4 ,adorned with paper jewelry4     
,put the necklace together by slipping  
the half of one ring over both halves of
 another1 as in ,fig4 #dj4 ,commence    
with the single ring4 ,slip half of a   
large double ring through the single    
ring1 bring the double ring together and
 slip another large ring through that1  
then add another large ring and you will
 have a chain of three large rings with 
the single ring at the end4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #cd--;,fold and   
cut like this4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4   
#ce--,when the ring is opened4          
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #cf--,make smaller
 rings like these4  ,illustration3      

,,fig4 #cg--;,fasten the pendant on the 
ring4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ch--,the  
pendant4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4         
#ci--,the pendant open4  ,illustration3 
,,fig4 #dj--,slip the half of one ring  
over both halves of another4            
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #da--;,cut a clasp
 like this4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4      
#db--;,fasten the clasp in this way4    
,to the end double ring attach a ring1  
like ,a 7,fig4 #cf72 to ,a add a chain  
of four rings like ,b 7,fig4 #cf74 ,this
 gives you just half of the necklace1   
for the single ring is to be the middle 
one4 ,make the other half in the same   
way1 starting on the opposite side of   
the single ring and slipping ring into  
ring as you did before4 ,attach the ring
 pendant1 ,c 7,fig4 #cg71 to the single 
ring between the two side rings1 then   
add the pendant4 ,fasten the two halves 
of the pendant together by folding the  
two points of the catch inward1 slipping
 the catch through the slit and then    
spreading the points out again flat4    

,this makes a very secure fastening and1
 unless the neck of the catch is too    
slender1 it will neither break nor pull 
apart4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #dc--,the 
finished jewelry4  ,fig4 #da is the     
clasp for the necklace4 ,cut it out like
 the pattern and make it about three    
inches long4 ,slip one end of the clasp 
through the last ring on one end of the 
necklace1 the other end of the clasp    
through the last ring on the other end  
of the necklace1 then bring the clasp   
together and slip the catch through the 
slit1 as in ,fig4 #db4 ,the photograph  
7,fig4 #dc7 shows how pretty the        
necklace is when finished4   ,the       
,coronet  ,the coronet shown in the     
illustration of the ,little queen is cut
 in one piece 7,fig4 #dd74 ,at the      
widest part1 from top to bottom1 it is  
three inches wide1 and the ends may be  
lengthened or shortened to fit any head4
 ,the ends must meet and fasten at the  
back4  ,little rings1 one inch in       
diameter1 cut like ,fig4 #de1 ornament  

the coronet1 as shown in ,fig4 #dd4     
,they are fastened by the catch at the  
top through slits cut in the coronet4   
,make three slits1 one below the other1 
a little over one inch apart1 down the  
middle of the coronet1 and on either    
side of these make six more slits in the
 position shown on the right half of    
,fig4 #dd4 ,this gives fifteen slits1   
for which you must have fifteen rings4  
,these dangling little rings that shake 
and twinkle with every movement are     
fascinating little ornaments1 and are   
far prettier than more elaborate        
designs4   ,ear-rings  ,quite           
oriental-looking ear-rings are made like
 ,fig4 #df4 ,cut first two single       
elongated hoops like ,fig4 #dg1 making  
them almost three inches long and one   
and three-quarter inches from side to   
side4 ,these long hoops are to slip over
 the ears to hold the ear-rings on4 ,cut
 two hoops1 like ,d 7,fig4 #df71 and two
 pendants1 like ,e 7,fig4 #df74 ,fasten 
the hoop ,d upon the hoop 7,fig4 #df71  

and the pendant ,e upon the hoop ,d1    
clasping the pendant by its catch as you
 did the pendant of the necklace4 ,the  
children need not follow exactly the    
shapes of the danglers and pendants     
shown here--let them exercise their own 
taste in these4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4  
#dd--,the coronet is cut in one piece4  
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #de--,little rings
 ornament the coronet4  ,illustration3  
,,fig4 #df--,oriental-looking ear-rings4
  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #dg--;,cut two  
hoops like this4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 
#dh--,the bangle bracelet4              
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #di--;,cut a strip
 for the bangle bracelet4               
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ej--;,cut six    
round charms4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4    
#ea--;,a link bracelet4  ,illustration3 
,,fig4 #eb--,slip one link through      
another4   ,the ,bangle ,bracelet  ,the 
bangle bracelet 7,fig4 #dh7 is made as  
in ,fig4 #di4 ,cut a strip of paper half
 an inch wide and about eight inches    
long2 make a catch at one end and a slit

 in the other end1 then a little below  
the middle cut six slits half an inch   
apart1 as in ,fig4 #di4  ,illustration3 
,playing lady4 ,the lorgnette4  ,cut six
 round charms1 three-quarters of an inch
 in diameter1 with a catch at the top   
like ,fig4 #ej1 and fasten the charms on
 the bracelet4 ,fig4 #di gives the      
inside of the bracelet with three charms
 attached4 ,this bracelet is large for a
 small child1 but can be shortened at   
the end to fit any little arm4   ,a     
,link ,bracelet  ,fig4 #ea is a link    
bracelet4 ,make this by folding a strip 
of paper eight inches long crosswise    
through the middle4 ,bring the folded   
end half way down and fold1 turn back   
the other end and fold like a fan4 ,this
 divides the paper into six equal parts4
 ,now cut out the outer edge of all the 
links at once4 ,free the two end links  
and cut out the centres of the others1  
then cut the centres of the two links1  
as shown in ,fig4 #ea1 making the catch 
and slit like the pattern4              

,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ec--,make the    
lorgnette case of a strip of paper4     
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ed4              
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ee--,the glasses 
swing loosely4  ,the links of the long  
chain shown in the photograph of ,the   
queen and her captive1 are cut exactly  
like the bangle bracelet 7,fig4 #di74   
,the slits and charms are1 of course1   
omitted4 ,fig4 #eb shows how the chain  
is put together by slipping one link    
through another and fastening it with   
its catch4 ,you can make the chain any  
length4 ,it is so strong that only rough
 handling will pull it apart4   ,the    
,lorgnette  ,now comes the lorgnette1   
which works beautifully made of rather  
stiff paper4 ,make the case of a strip  
of paper three inches wide and eight    
inches long4 ,fold the paper lengthwise 
through the middle and cut it1 rounding 
at the top like ,fig4 #ec4 ,in one side 
cut a small round hole at the top1      
rather near the edge of the case1 ,f    
7,fig4 #ec71 and fold back the lower    

corners according to the dotted lines4  
,cut out the eyeglasses like ,fig4 #ed4 
,curl the edges of the ball ,g together 
and slide the ball through the hole ,f  
in the case1 as in ,fig4 #ee4           
,illustration3 ,the queen and her       
captive4  ,the glasses swing quite      
loosely by this hinge1 and will slide   
easily in and out of the case4 ,when    
tucked away inside the case a little    
flirt of the hand1 a turn of the wrist1 
will throw them out and they can be     
lifted to a piquant little nose in the  
most approved and fine-ladylike fashion4
  ,the lorgnette in use is shown in the 
photograph1 ,playing lady4 ,the little  
queen displays jewelry1 and ,the queen  
and her captive show the long chain4    
,,chapter ,,vi  ,,what ,,to ,,make ,,of 
,,empty ,,spools   ,,gather up all the  
spools you can find1 big1 little1 thick1
 and thin2 no matter how many1 you can  
use them all4 ,there is no end of fun to
 be had with these always-on-hand1      
easily found toys2 they may be made into

 almost everything4   ,spool ,houses    
are very simply constructed4 ,begin     
building by standing ten spools in a    
straight row for the front of the house4
 ,make one side with seven spools placed
 at right angles with the front4 ,this  
gives you one corner of the house4      
,build the back parallel to the front by
 standing nine spools at right angles   
with the side4 ,you will then have two  
corners of the house and three sides4   
,add a row of six spools along the empty
 space between the front and back of the
 house for the fourth side1 as in ,fig4 
#ef4 ,remove the third and fourth spools
 from the left-hand corner of the front 
of the house to form the doorway1 and   
examine the foundation--see that it is  
even and straight before erecting the   
walls2 then continue the building1      
placing a spool on top of each          
foundation spool 7,fig4 #eg74 ,build on 
another layer of spools1 except over the
 second and third spools at the right   
hand of the doorway opening 7,fig4 #eh74

 ,add another row of spools 7,fig4 #ei71
 and another 7,fig4 #fj74 ,lay a piece  
of pasteboard box over the top of the   
walls 7,fig4 #fa71 and make the roof of 
a piece of almost any kind of paper by  
bending and creasing the paper down     
along the lengthwise centre and up along
 the lengthwise edges4 ,place the roof  
on top of the pasteboard ceiling 7,fig4 
#fb74 ,do not have the roof project over
 the end of the house where you are to  
build the chimney1 for the chimney must 
be quite close to the house4 ,select    
large spools for the chimney and build  
it by standing one spool on top of      
another until the chimney extends above 
the roof4 ,you can top the chimney by   
laying a piece of cardboard over the    
last spool and placing two small spools 
on it side by side4 ,enclose the yard   
with a spool fence2 standing the spools 
a short distance from each other1 as in 
the photograph4 ,use spools of larger   
size for the gateway1 topping them with 
two smaller ones 7,fig4 #fb74           

,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ef--;,first row  
of spools4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4       
#eg--,second row of spools4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #eh--,third row of
 spools4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4         
#ei--;,fourth row of spools4            
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #fj--;,fifth row  
of spools4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4       
#fa--;,a piece of pasteboard on top4    
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #fb--,place the   
roof on top4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     
#fc--,trees and flowers made of paper   
and spools4  ,make the yard into a      
cheerful   ,sunshiny ,garden  7,fig4    
#fc71 with flowers and trees of paper   
and tubs and flower-pots of spools1     
where the clothespin people may go for  
recreation4  ,the trees are easy to make
 and are very effective2 they are simply
 fringed strips of paper rolled like a  
paper lighter with the large ends stuck 
into spools4 ,cut a strip of green      
tissue-paper fifteen inches long and    
five wide2 then cut one-third of the    
strip narrow1 about one inch wide1 and  

fringe the remaining two thirds 7,fig4  
#fd74 ,with the thumb and first finger  
of your right hand begin to roll the    
corner as shown at ,a 7,fig4 #fd74      
,continue rolling1 and the fringe1 which
 forms the foliage1 will stand out on   
the outside of the rolled part or trunk 
of the tree4 ,when you reach the solid1 
narrow part of the paper strip it will  
roll into a smooth1 round stick1 forming
 the lower part of the tree trunk4      
,paste the last wrapped corner of the   
paper roll in place and clip the tree   
trunk off even across the bottom edge2  
then press it into a hole in the centre 
of an empty spool of ordinary size1 and 
there's your tree6 ,you can vary the    
foliage by crimping the fringe with     
knife or scissors before the strip is   
rolled into a tree and by having the    
fringe of some much longer than that of 
others4 ,if you use different tones1    
tints1 and shades of green1 running from
 very light to dark1 and make a lot of  
them varying in height1 the trees will  

look very pretty and they can form a    
jungle where toy wild animals can live2 
or a number of the trees might form a   
playground or a grove where dolls may go
 for a picnic4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4   
#fd--,this is the way to make a tree4   
,in the photograph of the group of trees
 you will see a number of pots of       
flowers4 ,the flowers are disks and     
squares of different bright-colored     
tissue-paper1 each one with its centre  
pinched together and twisted into a     
stemlike piece1 which is pushed down    
into a buttonhole-twist spool4 ,around  
some of the flowers a smaller square of 
green may be used for foliage4  ,you    
could make an extensive flower garden by
 using a great number of these short1   
flat spools and bits of gay             
tissue-paper1 and they can be arranged  
and rearranged in many different ways4  
,it is possible to make all kinds of toy
 furniture of spools4 ,if you want   ,a 
,bedroom ,set1  use four spools for the 
legs of a bedstead1 place them in       

position and lay a piece of stiff white 
paper1 bent up at one end1 on top of the
 spools4 ,the bed will then be ready for
 the doll 7,fig4 #fe74  ,illustration3  
,,fig4 #fe--;,a little bedstead4        
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ff--;,a table can
 be made in a moment's time4            
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #fg--,the lamp4   
,a little table can be made in a        
moment's time4 ,all that is necessary is
 to choose a large spool and place a    
round piece of paper on the top 7,fig4  
#ff74 ,make the bureau of six spools    
close together in two rows of three     
spools each1 and cut the top of a piece 
of paper with a high extension in the   
centre1 which you must bend upright for 
a mirror4 ,the washstand can be four    
spools quite close together covered with
 a piece of paper4 ,a piano is easily   
made1 but you must think it out for     
yourself4 ,use a small spool for the    
piano-stool4   ,the ,lamp  7,fig4 #fg7  
is a spool with a little roll of white  
paper shoved into the hole and a        

circular piece of paper crimped around  
the edge for the shade4 ,unless you need
 the spool to use again in other ways1  
you might paste the paper on and make a 
lamp which will not come apart4  ,you   
can glue the tops on the table and      
washstand and the mirror on the bureau  
also2 though this is not necessary1 for 
if you are careful and do not knock     
against the furniture it will remain    
secure4  ,now make the toy   ,kitchen   
with empty spools1 and the entire       
kitchen will not cost one cent of money4
  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #fh--;,just like
 a kitchen4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4      
#fi--,the stove without the stovepipe4  
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #gj--,the finished
 stove4  ,see how firm and substantial  
the little kitchen furniture looks in   
the photograph with its fine stove1     
dresser1 and wash-tub 7,fig4 #fh74 ,use 
four spools for the feet of the stove4  
,over these lay a piece of pasteboard   
about six inches long and four inches   
wide1 allowing it to project beyond the 

front feet to form the apron2 then build
 on the body of the stove1 making it of 
spools two layers deep1 as in ,fig4 #fi4
 ,cut a piece of pasteboard to fit over 
the spools for the stove top1 and have  
it long enough to stand out a short     
distance at the back2 then you can build
 on the stovepipe 7,fig4 #gj74          
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ga--,the kitchen 
dresser4  ,make the dresser of spools   
and strips cut from pasteboard boxes    
7,fig4 #ga74  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     
#gb--,the dining table4  ,for the tubs  
stand four spools close together1 and   
set a little round box on top of them4  
,make the washboard of a piece of paper 
folded many times backward and forward1 
fan fashion4 ,after carefully creasing  
the folds1 pull the paper out slightly  
and put it in the tub for the next      
washday 7,fig4 #fh74  ,after cooking1   
,a ,dining ,table  will be needed4 ,with
 eight spools and a piece of pasteboard 
cut from a box you can make a fine      
dining table2 the legs of the table are 

four columns of two spools each1 as you 
see in ,fig4 #gb1 and the chairs are    
made of spools with bent pieces of      
cardboard pasted on top4 ,the           
decorations of the table are small      
spools with bright tissue-paper for     
flowers arranged at the four corners of 
the table1 and the plates are the round 
pasteboard tops from milk bottles4      
,when enough furniture has been         
manufactured1 build   ,a ,wagon         
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #gc--,pattern of  
little wagon4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4    
#gd--,the wagon of cardboard with spool 
for wheels4  ,cut ,fig4 #gc from heavy  
paper or cardboard that will fold       
without breaking4 ,bend all the dotted  
lines and cut all the heavy lines in the
 pattern4 ,push a burnt match1 or a     
wooden toothpick through one hub1 then  
through an empty spool and the second   
hub4 ,the spool forms the wheels4 ,screw
 a small pin cautiously through each of 
the two projecting ends of the match1   
piercing the wood and leaving the head  

and point of the pin standing out 7,fig4
 #gd74 ,tie a knot in the end of a      
string to prevent its sliding out and   
thread it through the hole in the       
dashboard4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4       
#ge--;,a ,sunday-school room made of    
spools4  ,by laying narrow strips of    
paper on a table or on the floor to form
 a boundary line1 you may make a        
,sunday-,school ,room  ,leave an open   
space for the doorway at the opposite   
end of the room from the organ4 ,build  
up a column of four large spools at each
 side of the space and connect them with
 a strip of paper laid from the top of  
one column to the top of the other4     
,build the fine1 large pipe-organ close 
to the edge of the back room4 ,stand    
eight spools in a row tight to each     
other at equal distances from each      
boundary side line4 ,build the row up   
three spools high1 then skipping the end
 spools1 build on two layers of six     
spools each2 again skip the end spools  
and build on a layer of four spools4    

,crown the last layer with two top      
spools4 ,across the centre front of the 
organ stand a row of spools1 two high   
and three long4 ,over them lay a piece  
of paper bent lengthwise through the    
centre for the key-board and music-rack4
 ,bend another piece of paper for the   
music and stand it on the key-board     
against the rack4 ,make the organ seat  
of two spools placed side by side in    
front of the organ with a strip of paper
 laid over them4 ,let the seats for the 
doll children be rows of three spools   
each4 ,place the seats one in front of  
another in parallel lines a short       
distance apart and allow a wide1        
lengthwise central aisle between them4  
,all this is shown in ,fig4 #ge4        
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #gf--,the spool   
trolley car4   ,trolley ,car  ,hunt up  
an old pasteboard box1 for you will need
 a box lid about fifteen inches long and
 eight inches wide as a foundation for  
the realistic trolley car 7,fig4 #gf74  
,use eight spools for the wheels2 place 

two spool wheels near the front and two 
near the back on each side4 ,lay the    
spools down flat and rest the edge of   
the box lid on the body of the spools2  
then stand a row of eleven spools on    
each side of the top of the box lid4    
,beginning at one end of the row1 build 
up every other spool into three-spool   
columns2 the intervening spaces form the
 open windows of the car4  ,leave       
windows on the opposite side of the car 
in the same way1 and place a row of     
spools close up against the bottom      
spools of each side of the car to form  
the car seats4 ,roof the car with a     
piece of cardboard cut off square at one
 end and rounded at the other4 ,on top  
of each side of this roof place one row 
of six buttonhole-twist spools1 the     
spools of each row separated equal      
distances 7,fig4 #gf74 ,stand a spool on
 the front of the car platform for the  
motorman's wheel and you have a car like
 that in the photograph4  ,when the     
trolley is taken apart use the spools in

 building   ,a ,bridge  ,fig4 #gg shows 
that the piers can be built to a good   
height and be solid and substantial4    
,stand three large-sized spools         
together1 forming a triangle1 with one  
point turned to face the opposite pier4 
,this group of three spools is the      
foundation of one of the two columns1   
which together form one pier of the     
bridge4  ,about two inches distant and  
on a line with the triangle of spools   
stand a group of three more spools1 and 
build up each group into a column four  
spools high4 ,you will need two more    
columns for the opposite pier of the    
bridge2 build them as you did the first1
 and place the second pier exactly      
opposite to and as far from the first as
 you desire the span should reach--say  
about fourteen inches4  ,lay a strip of 
pasteboard six inches wide across from  
pier to pier1 allowing the ends to rest 
on the piers1 but not extend beyond the 
outside end edges of the piers2 then if 
your span is fourteen1 inches long1 cut 

from a pasteboard box two more strips   
fourteen inches long and of the same    
width as the span2 score each strip     
across one end1 one inch from the edge1 
bend slightly and fit the bent edge of  
each strip on one end of the bridge1    
allowing the other end of the strip to  
extend away from the pier and rest on   
the floor1 forming an inclined approach 
to the bridge proper as in ,fig4 #gg4   
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #gg--,the spool   
bridge4  ,when your pasteboard strips   
are well settled in place1 continue     
building up the piers on top of the     
pasteboard1 making each group of three  
spools two layers high2 then build up   
one spool two layers high on top of the 
four columns4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4    
#gh--,span the two columns with this4   
,complete the archway by spanning the   
two columns of each pier with a narrow  
strip of stiff white paper bent up into 
a point at the centre and out into a    
flap at each end 7,fig4 #gh74 ,the flaps
 rest on top of the spools4 ,the        

photograph shows how the entire bridge  
should look1 and in the photograph you  
will find a little lady hurrying across 
the bridge on her way home1 and         
following in her wake ,mr4 ,clothespin  
and ,mrs4 ,clothespin4 ,a paper boat    
under the bridge would make the scene   
more realistic4  ,next build   ,a       
,memorial ,arch  7,fig4 #gi71 something 
like the one which was erected in ,new  
,york ,city4 ,commence with two groups  
of spools a short distance apart2 have  
three in each group1 two in the back and
 one in the front4 ,build up columns    
four spools high2 then lay a strip of   
pasteboard across from one to the other4
 ,on top of the pasteboard place two    
more groups of smaller spools a little  
nearer together than the first groups4  
,make these columns two spools high and 
crown each with a single spool decorated
 with a bright-colored paper flag       
fastened on a stick pushed down into the
 spool4 ,at the base of the arch add    
three more spools on each side1 o and o 

7,fig4 #gi71 and the structure will be  
completed4 ,this is not exactly like the
 original1 but for a spool arch it is   
fine1 and a spool procession will feel  
honored to march through it4            
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #gi--;,a spool    
memorial arch4   ,the ,parthenon        
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #hj--,the         
,parthenon made of spools4  ,if you have
 enough spools1 you can make a miniature
 representation of one of the most      
beautiful temples ever built4 ,begin by 
standing four spools in a row for the   
first end of the building1 allowing     
about the width of a spool between each 
two4 ,place eight in a row for the first
 side1 four for the other end1 and eight
 for the second side 7,fig4 #hj74 ,have 
the spools all of the same size1 that   
the walls may be alike and perfectly    
even1 because1 as you know1 the walls   
are to be formed of columns1 not as many
 as in the original1 but enough to give 
an idea of the ,greek temple4 ,build up 
the spools three deep into pillars2 then

 lay a piece of pasteboard on the top of
 the columns for a ceiling4 ,bend       
another piece of pasteboard lengthwise  
through the centre for the roof1 and    
stand it tent-like on top of the        
ceiling4 ,you can measure the correct   
size of the ceiling by laying a piece of
 pasteboard down flat on the floor along
 the eight-columned side of the         
,parthenon to obtain the length1 and    
placing it flat on the floor across the 
four-columned side to mark the width4   
,make the roof the same length and a    
little wider than the ceiling1 to allow 
for the height of the bend through the  
centre4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ha--,you
 can blow bubbles with a spool4  ,you   
must imagine a space immediately beneath
 the roof of the little ,greek temple   
filled in with the most beautiful       
statuary1 and think of the spools as    
white marble columns1 and you should    
see1 in fancy1 another row of stately   
columns inside the ones you have built4 
,tell all about the real ,parthenon and 

hunt up a picture of the temple that all
 may see just how near you came to      
making the little model look like the   
wonderful ,parthenon on the ,acropolis1 
in ,athens4  ,after admiring the        
building for a while1 pretend that a    
left-over spool   ,is a ,venetian ,shell
  shot from a cannon1 and toss it gently
 against the roof at one end of the     
temple1 then see the columns totter and 
fall1 leaving only a portion of the     
,parthenon standing1 in the same way    
that the real marble columns fell when  
the original structure was shattered and
 practically destroyed by the soldiers4 
,you can   ,blow ,bubbles with a ,spool1
  beautiful bubbles1 which float and    
glide in the air with all the charm of  
clay-pipe bubbles4 ,mix strong          
soap-suds1 dip one end of a large spool 
in the water1 wet the spool1 then blow4 
,if the bubble refuses to appear1 dip   
the spool in the water again1 put your  
head down to the spool and blow a few   
bubbles while the spool is in the water1

 then quickly raise it and try again4   
,nine times out of ten you will succeed1
 and a bubble will swell out from the   
spool as in ,fig4 #ha4 ,these wooden    
bubble-blowers last a long time1 with no
 danger of breaking when accidentally   
dropped on the floor1 and you can always
 find enough to provide one for each of 
the players who meet for a trial of     
skill in bubble-blowing4  ,now try      
,pretty ,butterflies  which fly from    
spools4 ,cut a butterfly 7,fig4 #hb7    
from bright-colored tissue paper or thin
 writing paper1 bend at the dotted line 
and paste on the large end of a very    
small cork4 ,fit the small end of the   
cork into the top of the hole of an     
empty spool 7,fig4 #hc74 ,then blow     
through the spool and see the butterfly 
ascend rapidly to the ceiling and float 
down again4 ,a number of different      
colored butterflies in the air at one   
time fill the room with charming bits of
 fluttering brightness that will delight
 the children4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4   

#hb--,pattern of butterfly4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #hc--;,it will fly
 from the spool4  ,take another empty   
spool and stick a common wire hairpin   
partially into the hole1 bend the       
hairpin slightly down against the edges 
of the hole1 do the same with three more
 hairpins1 and you will have a spool    
with a funnel-like opening of hairpins  
at the top 7,fig4 #hd74 ,in the funnel  
place a small1 light-weight ball made of
 a crushed bit of bright paper wound    
around with thread4 ,raise the spool to 
your lips and blow gently 7,fig4 #he74  
,the ball will rise and fall in mid-air1
 in the same way that you have seen one 
of rubber dance at the top of a small   
fountain or jet of water4               
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #hd--,the ball is 
placed on top of the spool4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #he--,the ball    
will rise and fall4     ,,chapter ,,vii 
,,old ,,envelope ,,toys1 ,,and ,,how    
,,to ,,make ,,them   ,,don',t throw away
 your old envelopes2 see what amusing   

toys can be made of them simply by      
folding and cutting4 ,no paste or glue  
is needed1 and any one of the toys given
 here can be made in five minutes or    
less4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #hf--,the  
side view of the frog shows his         
beautiful open mouth4  ,illustration3   
,,fig4 #hg--,the frog is sprawled out on
 the table4   ,the ,frog  ,the frog is  
one of the simplest and at the same time
 the funniest of the collection4 ,fig4  
#hf gives a side view in which his      
beautiful open mouth can be seen to     
advantage4 ,fig4 #hg shows him sprawled 
out on the table4 ,fig4 #hh gives the   
pattern of the frog as it appears when  
drawn on the envelope4 ,you will notice 
that the bottom fold of the envelope is 
used for the top of the animal4 ,draw   
the outlines as in ,fig4 #hh1 then cut  
along the lines you have drawn4 ,the    
under part of the body follows the edge 
of the lower lap of the envelope from   
front to hind leg4 ,now flatten out the 
fold at the top and bend the paper under

 at the corners1 which forms the head   
and tail4 ,cut a slit along the folded  
edge of the head for the mouth1 pull the
 lower part down and the mouth will open
 wide as a frog's mouth naturally does4 
,by working the lower jaw the frog can  
be made to snap at imaginary flies4     
,draw the eyes as shown in ,fig4 #hg and
 bend down the lower part of the body   
along the dotted line1 shown in ,fig4   
#hh1 spread out the hind legs1 and      
,master ,frog is finished4              
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #hh--,the pattern 
of the frog drawn on an envelope4   ,the
 ,little ,bed  ,illustration3 ,,fig4    
#hi--,use a long envelope for the little
 bed4  ,for the little bed 7,fig4 #hi7  
use a long envelope4 ,if the top lap is 
open1 cut it off4 ,flatten out the      
bottom fold as you did for the frog's   
back1 then bend the ends and sides as in
 ,fig4 #ij4 ,bend up the points at each 
end for head and footboards1 and there  
is your bed4   ,the ,table  ,make the   
table 7,fig4 #ia7 of a smaller envelope 

in the same way1 but leave the points   
extending out at the ends 7,fig4 #ij7   
and cut short legs on the bottom edge   
7,fig4 #ia74  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     
#ij--;,fold the envelope this way for   
the bed4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4         
#ia--,make the table of a smaller       
envelope4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#ib--;,a comfortable little sofa4       
,plates and other dishes can be made    
very easily4 ,for circular dishes use a 
cent or a ten-cent piece for a pattern4 
,very effective cups and goblets can be 
made from old pieces of tinfoil4 ,the   
table1 however1 is strong enough to hold
 the little china or tin dishes usually 
found among a child's collection of     
toys4   ,the ,sofa  ,the comfortable    
little high-backed sofa 7,fig4 #ib7 is  
made of a long envelope with the top    
left open4 ,fold the envelope into the  
box shape1 as for the bed1 with the     
points turned up4 ,then fold the tips of
 the points inward1 as in ,fig4 #ic4    
,now reverse the box and slit down the  

two front edges which gives an opening  
in front4 ,bend down this front piece   
and cut it off on a line with the two   
ends4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ic--;,fold
 the tips of the points inward4   ,the  
,arm-,chair  ,a deep1 low-seated        
arm-chair can be made of an oblong      
envelope of ordinary size by following  
the directions for the sofa and allowing
 the back to curve instead of making it 
flat1 then slitting down the sides and  
bending them over to form the arms      
7,fig4 #id74  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     
#id--,make the arm-chair of an oblong   
envelope4   ,the ,bath ,tub4            
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ie--;,a little   
bath tub for imaginary water4  ,a little
 bath tub1 but one that will scarcely   
hold water1 is shown in ,fig4 #ie4 ,in  
this the upper lap is left open1 the    
points are bent under1 and the sides    
left to curve naturally4 ,a baby        
carriage can also be made in this way1  
but for the carriage the points must    
extend down and have wheels drawn on    

them and the tips must be cut off       
squarely at the bottom so that the      
carriage will stand4 ,the lap is the    
back and the handle in one 7,fig4 #if74 
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #if--;,a doll-baby
 can ride in this carriage4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ig--,the bungalow
 is made of a long envelope4   ,the     
,bungalow  ,the little bungalow 7,fig4  
#ig7 is something very different1 yet   
it1 too1 is made of an envelope4 ,though
 it appears to have many parts it is all
 in one piece4 ,the envelope is a long  
one1 such as is used for legal papers4  
,fig4 #ih gives the pattern4 ,the heavy 
lines show where to cut and the dotted  
lines where to bend4 ,the lap forms the 
front porch1 but the porch may be left  
off entirely if the envelope has been   
slit at the top in opening it4 ,with a  
little care1 however1 many envelopes can
 be opened intact4 ,cut along the heavy 
lines of the door and windows1 then open
 the door and the little shutters4 ,bend
 back the ends of the house and in the  

middle of each end take a little plait  
from top to bottom4 ,this is to make the
 ends narrower and give room for the    
roof to slant4 ,bend the roof back from 
the eaves along the dotted line4 ,the   
back of the bungalow is made like the   
front1 except that it has no door1      
windows1 or porch4  ,children who have a
 knack at drawing can greatly improve   
the bungalow by drawing the slats to the
 blinds1 drawing in the panelling on the
 front door1 putting on the knob1       
putting shingles on the roof1 etc41 etc4
  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ih--;,draw the 
bungalow on the envelope in this way4   
,the ,cart  ,the little cart 7,fig4     
#ii71 that will hold quite a heavy doll1
 and can be trundled about like one made
 of wood1 is not cut at all4            
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ii--,the cart can
 be trundled about like one made of     
wood4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ajj--,this
 is the way to put wheels on the cart4  
,fold an oblong envelope into the box   
shape 7,fig4 #ic71 with points turned   

up1 but let the points be deeper than   
for the bed or sofa4 ,this is because   
the ends of the envelope are to form the
 sides of the cart and must be longer   
from front to back4 ,bend the tips of   
the points in and crease the folds      
sharply that they may lie flat against  
the sides4 ,sharpen one end of a small1 
round stick and push it through the     
middle of the folded point on one side1 
then slide a large1 empty spool on the  
stick and thrust the point of the stick 
through the opposite side 7,fig4 #ajj74 
,the stick should stand out beyond the  
cart about half an inch on each side1   
and will need no fastening4  ,puncture a
 hole in one end of the cart1 thread a  
cotton string through the hole1 tie a   
large knot on the inside end and pull   
the string through until the knot       
presses close against the end of the    
cart4 ,let the string be long enough to 
reach easily from the floor to the      
little hand that will hold the other    
end4  ,besides all these toys1 a baby's 

cradle that has rockers and will rock1 a
 cunning little dressing-table with its 
mirror1 boxes of different shapes and   
sizes1 and various kinds of baskets can 
be made of the old envelope4 ,probably  
there are other forms it may be made to 
assume--boats perhaps1 that for a time  
at least will float on the water1 and   
animals other than the frog4            
,,chapter ,,viii  ,,toys ,,of           
,,clothespins   ,,you can make cunning1 
soft1 downy hens and roosters simply of 
raw cotton and clothespins 7,fig4 #aja74
 ,the little creatures may be pure      
white1 dark colored1 or part dark and   
part light1 according to the cotton     
used4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4            
#aja--,soft1 downy hens and roosters4   
,all of   ,the ,chickens  have the same 
kind of foundation4 ,it is made by      
sliding the prongs of two clothespins   
into each other 7,fig4 #ajb74 ,be sure  
the clothespins1 when together1 stand   
firm on the prong ends1 for these form  
the legs and feet of the chickens4      

,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ajb--,slide the  
prongs of two clothespins together4     
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ajc--,tie a piece
 of raw cotton over the head of one     
clothespin4  ,with a string tie a piece 
of raw cotton over the head of one      
clothespin2 have the string tight1 but  
the cotton cover rather loose4 ,bring   
the cotton partly down the clothespin   
and tie it again 7,fig4 #ajc72 then use 
your fingers to shape the top cotton    
into the form of a rooster's head2      
gently pull a little of it out to make  
the beak2 tie a string around the beak  
where it joins the head1 and1 with thumb
 and finger slightly dampened1 twist the
 end of the beak into a point 7,fig4    
#ajd74 ,cotton which comes in sheets is 
best for the tail1 but the other will   
do4 ,lay the centre of a generous piece 
of cotton over the head of the second   
clothespin1 plait the loose ends around 
the pin1 and fasten with a string1      
making the edge of the tail in a line   
with the opening of the prongs of the   

pin4 ,cut the folded end rounded on top1
 and slit it up a short distance into   
wide fringe to form the long feathers of
 the rooster's tail 7,fig4 #ajd74       
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ajd--,pull a     
little of the cotton out to make a beak4
  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aje--;,a fine  
little rooster that will move his little
 head4  ,with another piece of cotton   
cover the back and sides of the rooster1
 as you would put a saddle on a horse4  
,bring the edges of the cover together  
down the neck and body2 when fitted lift
 the cover1 put paste here and there on 
its under side near the edge1 replace   
the cover and it will stick fast2 then1 
with the top of a wire hairpin1 push the
 edges of the cover1 front and back1 in 
between the open prongs of the          
clothespin4 ,ink round bits of paper and
 paste on the rooster for eyes2 make his
 comb and wattles of red tissue paper   
7,fig4 #aje71 and you will have a fine  
rooster which can actually   ,move ,his 
,little ,cotton ,head  up and down1 fast

 or slow1 as you wish4 ,to make him do  
so1 hold the front leg steady with your 
left hand1 while with your right hand   
you raise and lower the other leg4 ,try 
it1 and see how naturally the little    
fellow appears to pick up corn in an    
eager1 hungry manner4  ,illustration3   
,,fig4 #ajf--,the little hen4           
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ajg--,making a   
downy little lamb out of a clothespin4  
,fashion the hen in the same way you    
made the rooster1 only have the tail    
smaller and without long feathers 7,fig4
 #ajf74 ,the comb on the hen must also  
be smaller than that on the rooster4    
,the general shape of the hen is the    
same as that of the rooster4 ,notice    
that the direction of outline along the 
lower edge of tail and body is one      
continuous slanting line2 remember this 
when adjusting the tail that it may not 
stand out backward at right angles from 
the body4   ,the ,little ,lambs  are    
made in much the same way as the        
chickens4 ,slide two clothespins        

together for the foundation 7,fig4      
#ajb72 tie a wad of cotton over the head
 of one pin1 then pull the head out a   
trifle on each side for ears1 and tie   
with a string as you made the rooster's 
beak4 ,cover the second clothespin1     
making the upper part1 which extends    
down1 quite thick2 then lift the upper  
part1 and bring it across to the lamb's 
neck1 for the little animal must have an
 almost level back 7,fig4 #ajg74 ,cut a 
piece of cotton large enough to cover   
the entire back and sides of the lamb1  
lay it over the lamb like a very large  
saddle1 and fasten it in place with     
paste4 ,use small inked papers for eyes1
 and tie a gay ribbon around his neck   
7,fig4 #ajh74 ,make a number of little  
lambs1 for they are so attractive and   
pretty grouped together 7,fig4 #aji74   
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ajh--,tie a gay  
ribbon around the lamb's neck4          
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aji--,the group  
of sheep4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#aaj--,such a funny little long-eared   

rabbit4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4          
#aaa--,the doggie's head is large4      
,the ,rabbit  7,fig4 #aaj7 has the same 
kind of foundation as the lamb1 but     
stretched out more1 bringing the heads  
of the pins lower and farther apart4 ,he
 needs very long ears1 so they must be  
of separate pieces of sheet cotton tied 
to the head4 ,make his head rather      
large1 and in other respects manufacture
 him much the same as the lamb4   ,the  
,ears and ,tail of a ,dog  are too large
 for pulling out and tying from the main
 piece of cotton1 so cut them separate  
and tie on at the proper places4 ,make  
the doggie's head large1 and the        
saddle-like cover thick1 that the little
 fellow may be plump and fat2 cut inked 
paper for eyes and end of nose2 with    
these exceptions the work is the same as
 on the lamb 7,fig4 #ajg74  ,when tying 
beaks1 ears1 and tails of the various   
animals1 cut the string ends close to   
the knot2 then the string will sink into
 the cotton4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     

#aab--;,begin to dress the doll in this 
way4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aac--;,a   
strip of cotton for arms4  ,to dress a  
,little ,girl ,doll1  cut a strip of    
cotton extending from below the neck    
line of the clothespin to within a short
 distance of the ends of the prongs2 tie
 the cotton in gathers around the lower 
edge of the neck1 and again lower down  
at the belt line 7,fig4 #aab74 ,make the
 arms of a strip of cotton about four   
and a quarter inches long and one inch  
wide2 slash in the middle a short       
distance1 and slip the strip over the   
head of the pin 7,fig4 #aac72 bend at   
the shoulders1 fold remaining lengths   
once for arms1 and1 with dampened thumb 
and finger1 lightly twist the ends into 
hands4 ,the edges of the cotton forming 
arms and hands will cling together4 ,tie
 a bright ribbon sash around ,miss      
,dolly's waist2 then make her hair of a 
strip of dark raw cotton2 fit and press 
it on the wooden head1 twisting the ends
 to resemble long braids2 pinch the     

cotton up on the top of the head to form
 a pompadour2 when adjusted take the wig
 off2 cover the wooden head with paste1 
and replace the wig1 setting it well    
back from the front of the head4 ,fasten
 a ribbon bow back of the pompadour1 and
 tie the braids together at the nape of 
the neck with another ribbon2 then ink  
the features4 ,insert the ends of the   
prongs of the clothespin forming dolly's
 feet into a small piece of double-faced
 corrugated straw board1 fasten them in 
with paste1 and the little girl will    
stand alone 7,fig4 #aad74 ,the doll's   
back is shown in ,fig4 #aae4            
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aad--,little girl
 doll made of a clothespin and dressed  
in raw cotton4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4   
#aae--,miss ,dolly's back4              
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aaf--,the        
clothespin boy4  ,make the   ,boy ,doll 
7,fig4 #aaf7 stand in the same manner2  
fashion his hair of dark cotton1 his    
trousers of a strip of white cotton tied
 around the waist and pushed in between 

the prongs of the clothespins4 ,cut the 
coat from a folded piece of cotton1 a   
hole in the centre of the fold for the  
head to pass through2 straight sleeves  
horizontally cut along the fold2 and the
 remainder in sacque form like a        
,japanese coat or pajamas4 ,the sleeves 
form the arms and the hands of the boy4 
,fasten a belt high at the back and low 
in the front around his waist1 giving   
the coat a ,russian-blouse effect2 make 
him a ribbon bow necktie1 and ink the   
features4  ,these small people are very 
bewitching1 as are also the animals4    
,you can color the sheet cotton slightly
 here and there with water-color paint  
if you are clever with a paint brush4   
,as you work with these little dolls and
 animals you will find ever so many ways
 to vary them in effect4 ,they are so   
soft and fluffy that a baby can play    
with them without injury1 and a school  
or college boy may be amused by being   
presented with one1 appropriately       
dressed1 as a souvenir of pleasant      

experiences at a college luncheon or    
dinner4  ,to make a foot-ball player1   
finish the blouse without necktie or    
belt2 make the shoulders wide and the   
hair rather short1 like a college boy's 
rough head4 ,so much for the boy4 ,paste
 a letter cut out of colored paper on   
the front of the blouse to make it look 
like a college sweater1 and gather the  
trousers in a little at the knees4 ,you 
can tuck an egg-shaped ball made of     
brown raw wool under one arm for a      
realistic touch1 if you choose4  ,little
 girl dolls may be similarly made to    
represent basket-ball players in short  
skirts and school or college sweaters1  
with appropriate emblems on the front1  
for a special entertainment4  ,making   
these figures is much less trouble than 
dressing dolls entails1 and much more of
 a novelty1 too4 ,they take so many     
shapes that they fit almost any         
occasion4  ,in fact1 the possibilities  
of these cotton and clothespin toys are 
almost endless in the hands of ingenious

 young people4     ,,chapter ,,ix       
,,scrap-,,books   ,mother ,goose        
,scrap-,book  ,,the nursery scrap-books 
made of linen or colored cambric are1   
perhaps1 familiar to most of our        
readers2 but for the benefit of those   
who may not yet have seen these durable 
little books1 we will give the following
 directions for making one3  ,cut from a
 piece of strong linen1 colored cambric1
 or white muslin1 four oblongs          
twenty-four inches long by twelve inches
 wide4 ,buttonhole-stitch the edges all 
around with some bright-colored worsted1
 then place the oblongs neatly together 
and stitch them directly through the    
centre with strong thread 7,fig4 #aag74 
,fold them over1 stitch again1 as in    
,fig4 #aah1 and your book is finished   
and ready for the pictures4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aag--,scrap-book 
opened and stitched through the middle4 
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aah--,scrap-book 
folded and then stitched4  ,it is in the
 preparation of these pictures that you 

will find the novelty of the plan ,i    
propose4 ,instead of pasting in cards   
and pictures which have become too      
familiar to awaken interest1 let the    
young book-makers design and form their 
own pictures by cutting special figures1
 or parts of figures1 from different    
cards1 and then pasting them together so
 as to form new combinations4           
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aai--,three ,wise
 ,men of ,gotham4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4
 #aba--,little ,jack ,horner4  ,any     
subject which pleases the fancy can be  
illustrated in this way1 and the        
children will soon be deeply interested 
in the work and delighted at the strange
 and striking pictorial characters that 
can be produced by ingenious            
combinations4  ,stories and little poems
 may be very nicely and aptly           
illustrated2 but the ,mother ,goose     
,melodies are1 perhaps1 the most        
suitable subjects with which to interest
 younger children1 as they will be      
easily recognized by the little folk4   

,take1 for instance1 the ,three ,wise   
,men of ,gotham1 who went to sea in a   
bowl4 ,will not ,fig4 #aai serve very   
well as an illustration of the subject8 
,yet these figures are cut from         
advertising cards1 and no two from the  
same card4 ,fig4 #abj shows the         
materials2 ,fig4 #aai shows the result  
of combining them4  ,again1 the little  
man dancing so gaily 7,fig4 #abb7 is    
turned into ,little ,jack ,horner eating
 his ,christmas pie 7,fig4 #aba71 by    
merely cutting off his legs and         
substituting a dress skirt and pair of  
feet clipped from another card4 ,the    
,christmas pie in his lap is from still 
another card4  ,in making pictures of   
this kind1 figures that were originally 
standing may be forced to sit2 babies   
may be placed in arms which1 on the     
cards they were stolen from1 held only  
cakes of soap1 perhaps1 or boxes of     
blacking2 heads may be ruthlessly torn  
from bodies to which they belong1 and as
 ruthlessly clapped upon strange        

shoulders2 and you will be surprised to 
see what amusing1 and often excellent1  
illustrations present themselves as the 
result of a little ingenuity in clipping
 and pasting4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4    
#abj--,materials for ,three ,wise ,men  
of ,gotham4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4      
#abb--,materials for ,little ,jack      
,horner4  ,another kind1 which we shall 
call the   ,transformation ,scrap-,book 
will be found exceedingly amusing on    
account of the various and ever-changing
 pictures it presents4  ,unlike any     
other1 where the picture once pasted in 
must remain ever the same1 the          
transformation scrap-book alters one    
picture many times4 ,to work these      
transformations1 a blank book is the    
first article required2 one eight inches
 long by six and a half or seven wide is
 a good size4  ,cut the pages of this   
book across1 one-third the way down4    
,fig4 #abc shows how this should be     
done4 ,the three-cornered piece cut out 
near the binding allows the pages to be 

turned without catching or tearing4     
,leave the first page uncut2 also the   
one in the middle of the book4  ,cut    
from picture-cards1 or old toy-books    
which have colored illustrations1 the   
odd and funny figures of men and women1 
boys and girls1 selecting those which   
will give variety of costumes and       
attitudes4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4       
#abc--,transformation scrap-book with   
pages cut4  ,paste the figure of a woman
 or a girl on the first page1 placing it
 so that when the lower part of the next
 page is turned the upper edge of it    
will come across the neck of the figure 
where it is joined on to the shoulders4 
,cut the heads from the rest of the     
pictured women1 turn the lower part of  
the next page and1 choosing a body as   
different as possible from the one just 
used1 paste it upon the lower part of   
the second page1 directly under the head
 belonging to the first body4 ,upon the 
upper part of the second page paste any 
one of the other heads1 being careful to

 place it so that it will fit the body4 
,continue in this way1 pasting the heads
 upon the upper1 and the bodies on the  
lower1 part of the page1 until the space
 allowed for the women is filled up2    
then1 commencing at the page left in the
 middle of the book1 paste upon it the  
figure of a man1 and continue in the    
same manner as with the women1 until the
 spaces are all used and the book is    
complete4  ,the combinations formed in  
this way are very funny4 ,old heads with
 young bodies2 young heads with old     
bodies2 then one head with a great      
variety of bodies1 and so on4  ,the     
first picture may represent a man1 tall1
 thin1 dressed in a rowing costume1 as  
shown in the illustration4 ,turn the    
lower part of the next page1 and no     
longer is he thin and tall1 but short   
and stout1 the position of this body    
giving the expression of amazement1 even
 to the face4 ,the next page turned     
shows him to be neither tall nor short1 
thick nor thin1 but a soldier1          

well-proportioned1 who is looking over  
his shoulder in the most natural manner 
possible 7,fig4 #abd74  ,illustration3  
,,fig4 #abd--,leaves from a             
transformation scrap-book4  ,the figures
 in ,fig4 #abd were cut from advertising
 cards1 and the head belongs to none of 
the bodies4  ,a curious fact in         
arranging the pictures in this way is   
that the heads all look as though they  
might really belong to any of the       
various bodies given them4  ,instead of 
having but one figure on a page1 groups 
may be formed of both men and women1 and
 in the different arrangement of the    
figures they can be made very ludicrous 
indeed4   ,flour ,paste  ,mix one-half  
cup of flour with enough cold water to  
make a very thin batter1 which must be  
smooth and free from lumps2 put the     
batter on top of the stove--not next to 
the fire--in a tin saucepan1 and stir   
continually until it boils2 then remove 
from the stove1 add three drops of oil  
of cloves1 and pour the paste into a cup

 or tumbler4 ,this will keep for a long 
time and will not become sour4          
,,chapter ,x  ,,toys ,,made ,,of        
,,common ,,kindling ,,wood   ,,just a   
glance at a pile of ordinary every-day  
kindling wood could hardly suggest to   
one the possibilities existing in the   
crude material for building all sorts of
 interesting and realistic things for   
the little folks1 but experiment and you
 will find that ,klondike log-houses1   
rail-fences and lumber camps1 bridges1  
and substantial little rafts which will 
float on water in laundry or bath tub1  
pond or stream1 can be easily and       
readily built from the little sticks we 
use to start our fires4  ,let us build  
,the ,bridge  first1 that ,indians and  
men may cross the water to the lumber   
region beyond1 and cut logs for their   
rafts 7,fig4 #abe74  ,select two sticks 
of kindling wood as near of a size as   
you can find1 and lay them side by side1
 a short distance apart2 then connect   
the two by placing sticks across the    

ends1 log-cabin fashion4 ,these four    
sticks form the square foundation of one
 bridge pier4  ,continue building by    
crossing the second layer of sticks with
 a third layer1 the third layer with a  
fourth layer1 and so on until the pier  
is built up sufficiently high1 six or   
more layers1 according to the thickness 
of the sticks4 ,as you build be sure    
that the two sticks forming each layer  
lie absolutely steady and are of about  
the same thickness1 that those built on 
top of them may not slant1 but lie level
 and steady4  ,all sticks should be of  
the same length1 but the layers may vary
 in thickness2 one layer of sticks might
 be thin and the next thick2 it matters 
not1 provided that the two forming the  
same layer are nearly of a size4        
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #abe--,the little 
bridge built of kindling wood4  ,when   
the first pier is finished1 build a     
second one like it a short distance from
 the first one1 and lay a strip of stiff
 pasteboard1 cut from an old box1 across

 from pier to pier2 then lay a second   
strip of pasteboard from one pier to the
 ground1 a third strip from the         
remaining pier to the ground on the     
opposite side 7,fig4 #abe74 ,if you     
wish1 the two end strips can be longer  
than those shown in the photograph1 and 
slant from the piers down to the ground 
on a level with the water4 ,the banks in
 the photograph are built up with boxes 
and covered with green cloth4  ,for each
 of the two archways1 take two thin     
sticks of wood and stand them at the top
 outward edge of the pier1 with ends    
braced together at the top1 and spread  
out at the bottom1 as in the photograph4
  ,use either natural or tissue-paper   
trees stuck into empty spools for       
foliage1 or little toy trees1 if you    
happen to have them among the children's
 store toys4  ,though the bridge is not 
intended to be over real water1 you     
might try the experiment and strengthen 
the hollow piers by filling them with   
stones1 when building the bridge        

out-of-doors4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4    
#abf--,kindling-wood rafts that will    
float on real water4  ,fig4 #abf shows  
two little   ,kindling-,wood ,rafts     
which will float on real water4 ,have   
the slender sticks for the raft all of  
the same length1 and use about sixteen  
or eighteen sticks for each raft4 ,weave
 them together with a string4 ,begin by 
tying the centre of a long string around
 each end of a stick1 which should be   
about eight inches in length 7,fig4     
#abg74  ,place one end of a second stick
 up against one tie1 allowing one string
 to come over and the other string under
 the second stick 7,fig4 #abh74 ,cross  
the two lengths of the string over the  
second stick1 bringing the lower string 
up and the upper string down 7,fig4     
#abi72 then lay another stick up against
 the crossed strings1 carrying the      
strings in turn over this stick 7,fig4  
#acj74 ,again1 bring the lower string up
 and the upper string down1 before      
placing another stick4 ,continue        

crossing the string and adding kindling 
wood until the raft is of the desired   
length4 ,tie the ends of the string     
securely on the last stick1 and weave   
the opposite loose ends of the sticks   
together in the same way1 tying the     
string firmly together on the last      
stick4 ,clip off the ends of the string 
and the raft will then be ready for the 
water1 and will carry either passengers 
or freight4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4      
#abg--;,begin the raft in this way4     
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #abh--,lay a      
second stick up against the tie4        
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #abi--;,cross the 
strings around the second stick4        
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #acj--;,cross the 
strings around the third stick4  ,put up
 log-houses for the toy people to live  
in4 ,select two different lengths of    
kindling wood for   ,the ,houses  that  
the buildings may be longer one way than
 the other4 ,they will look better and  
be more comfortable than if square4     
,place two long sticks of kindling wood 

a short distance apart and running      
parallel2 across these sticks lay two   
shorter ones1 bridging the space at each
 end between the long sticks1 then place
 two long sticks over the ends of the   
two short ones2 keep building in this   
way until the little house is seven or  
eight layers high4  ,illustration3      
,,fig4 #aca--;,a ,klondike settlement   
with dog train and sledge4  ,cut a piece
 of white cardboard or light-weight     
pasteboard the length of the house1 and 
wider than the width of the house1 to   
allow for the slant of the roof4 ,bend  
the roof lengthwise through the centre  
and lay it on top of the house 7,fig4   
#aca74 ,make a door of stiff pasteboard 
painted or covered with a layer of brown
 tissue-paper pasted on the outside4    
,cut the door a suitable size and stand 
it up in front of the house4  ,if you   
want   ,an ,arctic ,scene  spread a     
piece of white cloth over a table for   
the snowy ground4 ,canton flannel1      
fleecy side up1 is best1 but any kind   

will answer the purpose4 ,then erect    
several kindling-wood houses and form a 
,klondike settlement 7,fig4 #aca74      
,original home-made toy men1 dogs1 and  
sled may be used to complete the scene1 
or they can be cut from newspapers or   
old magazines4 ,stiffen by pasting them 
on cardboard2 then cut out the men1     
dogs1 and sled more carefully in detail4
 ,bend one leg forward and one backward 
to make the men stand alone1 and bend   
two legs outward and two inward to      
enable the dogs to stand4 ,paste narrow 
strips of paper on the dogs for harness4
  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #acb--,the      
,virginia rail-fence4  ,make another    
kindling-wood scene like ,fig4 #acb4    
,rail-,fences  are peculiar to ,america4
 ,you cannot find them abroad1 and every
 little boy and girl will want to know  
how to build one of these old-fashioned 
snake or ,virginia rail-fences4 ,the    
fence may be of any length1 its zigzag  
lines can run in any direction1 all the 
way across the room if you choose4      

,illustration3 ,,fig4 #acc--;,form a    
rude letter ,v4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4  
#acd--;,across the end of the second    
stick place the end of a third stick4   
,lay down one piece of kindling wood1   
and over one end place the end of       
another stick1 forming a rude letter ,v 
7,fig4 #acc74 ,across the end of the    
second stick which rests on the ground1 
place the end of a third stick 7,fig4   
#acd74 ,keep on building the first layer
 of the fence in this way until it      
stretches as far as you wish2 then go   
back to the starting point and begin    
building the second layer of sticks1 by 
placing a stick over the first stick1   
resting one end on the far end of the   
first stick1 the other end on the top of
 the end of the second stick2 lay       
another stick across over the second    
stick1 another over the third1 and so on
 until the second layer is finished4    
,build other layers in like manner1 and 
make the fence high or low1 as desired4 
,pile up kindling wood into a wood-pile 

with small pieces scattered on the      
ground1 and if there is a toy horse you 
can make him haul more wood 7,fig4      
#acb74  ,these kindling-wood toys will  
give a realistic idea of log-houses1    
rail-fences1 log rafts1 and primitive   
bridges1 and while building them the    
children might be told stories of the   
way early settlers lived and made their 
homes1 or the children may make up      
stories about the different scenes4     
,hammocks  ,substantial little hammocks 
which will hold good-sized dolls1 and   
even a real pussy with no danger of the 
material breaking1 can be made of       
ordinary kindling wood or strips of     
pasteboard 7,fig4 #ace74 ,both styles of
 hammocks are woven in the same manner4 
,the weaving is like that used for the  
raft and is of the simplest1 most       
primitive kind1 merely crossing of the  
two ends of each side string between    
each piece of wood 7or pasteboard7 slat1
 with loops of string left at each end  
of the hammock for hanging it up4 ,when 

fashioned of kindling wood1 like that in
 the photograph1 have the sticks slender
 and all of the same length4 ,when made 
of pasteboard1 cut seven-inch-wide      
strips from a heavy pasteboard box and  
cut the strips crosswise into           
one-half-inch slats4 ,have ready two    
long strings measuring about two and a  
half yards each4 ,double each string and
 tie a knot in the closed end1 fifteen  
inches from the extreme folded end1 then
 place your work on the top of the      
table1 or some other flat surface where 
you can keep the slats flat and even4   
,begin to weave by laying a slat between
 the loose ends of each string4         
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ace--;,a         
substantial little hammock4  ,push the  
slat up tight against the knots and     
cross the strings on the outer edge of  
the slat4 ,slide another slat between   
the two ends of each side string1       
shoving it close up against the crossed 
strings at the outer edge of the first  
slat4 ,bring one end of each string over

 and one under the second slat1 cross   
them1 and add the third slat4 ,continue 
weaving in this way until the hammock is
 of sufficient length1 then tie the     
strings securely at the outer edge of   
the last slat4  ,after you have put in  
the last board bring the slats up very  
close together and draw the strings firm
 and tight4 ,tie the double lengths of  
string together at each end of the      
hammock1 making two long loops by which 
to hang up the hammock4     ,,chapter   
,,xi  ,,little ,,twig ,,people   ,,have 
you seen the little people who live up  
in the trees8 ,little twig people who   
dance and swing and bob about1 who nod  
and bow and flutter hither and yon2 some
 astride funny twig horses1 others      
dangling head down1 many waiting to run 
a race when a stiff breeze comes along1 
and all as merry as merry can be1       
tossing their long1 thin arms and legs  
in the air just for the fun of it4      
,perhaps some of these queer folk are   
outside your window now1 and it may be  

near enough to the ground for even the  
littlest boys and girls to reach if they
 stand on their toes4 ,here are several 
of the twig people who came down and    
posed for their photographs4 ,we will   
give each one a name4  ,fig4 #ade is    
,miss ,daffy-down-dilly1 who has just   
come to town and is feeling very bashful
 about it4  ,fig4 #adh is               
,jack-be-nimble ,jack-be-quick1 who     
thinks he can jump over any candlestick1
 high or low4  ,fig4 #aea is the ,little
 ,crooked ,man who ran a crooked mile4  
,fig4 #aeb is ,little ,miss ,muffet1 who
 is so terribly afraid of the spider4   
,fig4 #aec is ,peter ,white1 who follows
 his nose wherever he goes4  ,fig4 #aed 
is ,doctor ,foster1 who went to ,gloster
 in a shower of rain1 and he is stepping
 very high to avoid falling into the    
puddle we have all heard about4  ,the   
little twig people do not look quite as 
real when separated from the tree as    
when you see them dancing in the breeze1
 so it is necessary to help out their   

appearance with paper heads and hands   
and feet4  ,use care in selecting your  
twigs1 for they are not all alike4 ,some
 are quite choice and unique1 others    
more commonplace and less amusing4      
,suitable ones may be found in plenty4  
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #acf--,the black  
bands on the twigs show where they      
should be trimmed off4  ,illustration3  
,,fig4 #acg--;,fastening the twig4      
,when a small branch is broken from a   
tree or bush1 you will find that some of
 the twigs attached look like queer1    
crooked1 little legs1 and some1 just the
 right distance above1 seem made for    
arms4 ,then comes the long neck that is 
joined1 perhaps1 to the still larger    
branch or to the trunk of the tree4     
,sometimes there are several arms and   
several legs too many and you must look 
closely and decide which are the real   
ones2 then cut off the others4  ,you    
will know the real   ,arms and ,legs    
for they are always the funniest ones   
and the most suggestive of comical      

action4  ,cut the long neck down in     
proportion to the rest of the body and  
trim the arms and legs off to the proper
 length4 ,remember that one inch of the 
neck of the dolls must be inserted in   
the head and allow for that in cutting  
the long stem4  ,fig4 #acf gives a      
branch as it looks when taken from the  
tree1 and the black bands on the twigs  
show where they should be trimmed off to
 bring the little figure into           
proportions4 ,the parts left white or in
 outline1 below the bands1 are to be cut
 away4 ,there are two legs to this      
branch and three arms1 one of which must
 be dispensed with4 ,the left arm must  
remain and it matters but little which  
of the right arms is selected4 ,in this 
case the lower one is marked to be cut4 
,now comes the making of the   ,heads1  
,hands1 and ,feet  ,these must all be   
double1 for1 to hold them on1 the twigs 
are pasted between the two halves4 ,in  
some cases1 where the neck is quite     
thick1 you will find it best to shave   

off a little at front and back to       
flatten it1 so that the neck may lie    
easily between the two parts of the head
 and not push the face out of shape     
7,fig4 #acg74 ,this is seldom necessary1
 however1 unless the doll is unusually  
large4  ,figs4 #ach1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada1  
#adb1 and #adc give the heads of all our
 little troupe sufficiently large to be 
copied4 ,fig4 #add shows the hands and  
feet4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4            
#ach--;,daffy-down-dilly4               
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aci--,little     
,miss ,muffet4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4   
#adj--;,jack-be-nimble4  ,illustration3 
,,fig4 #ada--,the ,little ,crooked ,man4
  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #adb--,peter    
,white4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4          
#adc--;,doctor ,foster4  ,use a heavy   
brown wrapping paper for the heads and  
draw the faces simply with pen and ink  
in broad lines1 or1 if the children want
 to color them1 they can use            
water-colors or colored pencils4 ,in any
 case the features should be strongly   

marked1 that the character of the face  
may not be lost4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 
#add--;,hands and feet4  ,you can make  
the hands of paper like the face1 or of 
dark brown paper 7not tissue71 to match 
the dark brown arms4 ,white hands will  
give the effect of white gloves4 ,make  
the feet brown or black1 or use bright  
colored paper to represent colored      
shoes4   ,daffy-,down-,dilly  is quite a
 tall girl1 standing eighteen inches    
high in her heel-less shoes 7,fig4      
#ade74 ,her head1 shown in ,fig4 #ach1  
measures three inches from top to chin2 
this does not include the swirl of hair 
which rises in a peak above the head4   
,her hands1 ,a 7,fig4 #add71 are two and
 a quarter inches long from wrist to tip
 of middle finger1 and her feet1 ,b     
7,fig4 #add71 are two and three-quarter 
inches long4  ,these are the            
proportions4 ,of course1 for a smaller  
doll they should be smaller4  ,fold a   
piece of wrapping paper1 making it      
double1 and on the paper draw ,daffy's  

head1 copying the one in ,fig4 #ach1 or 
making an original head if you prefer4  
,the back hair may be drawn in or       
painted if the children insist upon     
having an all-around doll4 ,if the neck 
is thick shave it off as in ,fig4 #acg4 
,draw two hands on double pieces of     
paper and two feet on double pieces of  
paper1 and cut them out4 ,daffy's hands 
are the color of her face1 and her shoes
 are black4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4      
#ade--;,daffy-down-dilly4  ,now cover   
the inside of the back of the head with 
paste1 lay the neck on the head and     
cover that too with paste 7,fig4 #acg74 
,then fit the front of the head to the  
back and press it down until the two    
halves1 with the twig between1 are      
pasted firmly together4 ,in the same way
 paste on the hands and feet4 ,make     
,daffy's dress of yellow tissue-paper1  
the color of a daffodil4 ,cut a circle  
for the skirt with a small hole in the  
centre and slit it down the back2' then 
draw it through your hands to shape it  

and make it hang nicely4  ,cut out a    
little waist with pointed sleeves1 like 
,fig4 #adf1 and a pointed collar1 like  
,fig4 #adg4 ,make the waist double with 
the fold at the top1 cut a hole for the 
neck1 and slit down the back4 ,use green
 tissue-paper for the collar4           
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #adf--,waist of   
,daffy4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4          
#adg--;,collar of ,daffy4  ,put the     
waist on the doll1 gather it at the belt
 line1 front and back1 and paste4 ,paste
 it also at the neck and along the under
 edge of the sleeves4 ,paste the skirt  
to the waist at the belt1 bring the     
edges of the slit together at the back1 
lap them1 and paste4 ,wrap a strip of   
the yellow paper around the waist for a 
belt1 then put the collar around the    
neck1 and fasten with a touch of paste4 
,jack-be-,nimble  came from the elm     
tree4 ,he is ten inches tall from his   
cap to the sole of his shoe 7,fig4      
#adh74 ,you will find his head in ,fig4 
#adj4 ,c 7,fig4 #add7 is the pattern for

 his hands1 and ,d 7,fig4 #add7 the     
pattern for his feet1 which are made of 
brown paper4 ,his brilliant costume is  
fashioned of orange-colored             
tissue-paper4 ,cut the coat like ,fig4  
#adi1 making it double1 with the fold at
 the top of the high flaring collar4    
,cut a hole for the neck and make a     
small slit down in front1 then turn back
 the points of the collar at the neck4  
,to avoid slitting the coat all the way 
to the bottom1 put it on little ,jack   
before you adjust his head4 ,his neck   
can be slipped through the hole without 
trouble2 then the edges of the coat are 
pasted together4 ,each leg of the short 
trousers is made separately1 of an      
oblong piece of tissue-paper4 ,this is  
gathered at the knee and waist line and 
pasted in place 7,fig4 #aej74 ,if the   
stripes on ,jack's cap are painted      
orange color and his pointed shoes are  
also orange1 the effect of his bright   
costume will be still more glowing4     
,illustration3 ,,fig4                   

#adh--;,jack-be-nimble4   ,the ,little  
,crooked ,man  belongs to the fir-tree  
family1 and as he is clothed only in his
 little rough suit of brown bark1 you   
can see 7,fig4 #aea7 how the twigs grow 
that form his arms and legs4 ,these are 
in such positions and have such peculiar
 curves he would look as if running even
 without hands and feet1 but the proper 
adjustment of hands as well as feet     
emphasizes the action4 ,both are turned 
in the direction in which he is going1  
and one foot is lifted while the other  
rests on its heel1 giving the           
stepping-forward effect4  ,you will find
 the ,crooked ,man's head in ,fig4 #ada4
 ,his hands are cut from brown paper1   
like ,c 7,fig4 #add71 and his feet1     
which are also brown1 are like ,e 7,fig4
 #add74   ,little ,miss ,muffet  the    
largest of the dolls 7,fig4 #aeb71 is   
twenty inches high4 ,her head 7,fig4    
#aci7 measures four inches from top to  
chin and four inches across at its      
widest part4 ,her hands are made of     

brown paper1 like ,f 7,fig4 #add71 and  
her high-heeled shoes1 like ,g 7,fig4   
#add71 are black4 ,her head is tilted to
 one side and the thumbs of both hands  
turn in4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4         
#adi--,pattern of ,jack-be-nimble's     
coat4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4            
#aej--;,each leg of the trousers is made
 separately4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     
#aea--,the ,little ,crooked ,man4       
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aeb--,little     
,miss ,muffet4  ,you can make ,miss     
,muffet's dress any color you like1 the 
brighter and gayer the better4 ,cut the 
skirt and waist as you did for          
,daffy-down-dilly1 but do not point the 
sleeves4 ,make an apron of two squares  
of white tissue-paper--a large and a    
small one4 ,use the large square for the
 skirt of the apron and the small square
 for the bib4 ,gather the top edge of   
the large square and the bottom edge of 
the small square1 and paste to the dress
 at the belt line2 then make a white    
belt and tie in a bow at the back4  ,for

 the hat1 cut a circle of tissue-paper  
the color of the dress1 put a little    
paste in the centre1 and pinch it down  
on the top loop of ,miss ,muffet's hair1
 tipping it a little to one side4 ,this 
will give a crown4 ,turn up the brim at 
the back and lift it in front to stand  
out straight4 ,fringe a small piece of  
black paper for a feather and paste it  
to the crown of the hat4  ,illustration3
 ,,fig4 #aec--,peter ,white4   ,peter   
,white  is sturdy compared with the     
other people 7,fig4 #aec74 ,he came from
 the cherry tree and is ten inches high4
 ,the main stem1 to which the smaller   
twigs are attached1 forms his neck1     
body1 and left leg1 and is so large that
 both neck and ankle had to be shaved   
off somewhat before his head and left   
shoe could be pasted on4 ,originally the
 twig that forms his left arm extended  
beyond the joint at the elbow1 but it   
was cut off1 and the smaller twig was   
allowed to remain to give the comical   
bend to the arm which adds greatly to   

the appearance of the haste and the     
swinging arms of a pedestrian4  ,peter  
,white's head is given in ,fig4 #adb4   
,his brown hands are cut like ,h 7,fig4 
#add71 and his black shoes like ,i      
7,fig4 #add74  ,this doll is the only   
one whose head is in profile1 but it    
shows that when the shape of the twig   
suggests it1 a profile is very          
effective2 and it is usually the easiest
 for children to draw4   ,doctor ,foster
  is also ten inches high 7,fig4 #aed74 
,his head1 with smiling face1 is given  
in ,fig4 #adc4 ,his brown paper hands   
are cut like ,j 7,fig4 #add71 and his   
black shoes like ,e 7,fig4 #add74 ,he   
wears his trousers quite short1 that    
they may not get wet in the famous      
,gloster puddle1 or if they do they will
 dry quickly4 ,the trousers are made of 
wrapping paper1 double1 of course1 and  
pasted together at the edges after they 
have been adjusted4 ,they are cut like  
,fig4 #aee4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4      
#aed--;,doctor ,foster4  ,illustration3 

,,fig4 #aee--;,doctor ,foster's short   
trousers4     ,,chapter ,,xii           
,,visiting-,,card ,,houses   ,,from old 
visiting cards you can build all the    
different houses and furniture seen in  
the accompanying illustrations4         
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aef--,the little 
tropical house in ,uncle ,sam's newly   
acquired possessions4 ,made of old      
visiting cards4  ,for the little        
,tropical ,house  in ,uncle ,sam's newly
 acquired possessions 7,fig4 #aef71     
select eight of your largest and        
stiffest visiting cards2 these are for  
the four walls of the first or lower    
story of the house4 ,if the cards are   
not alike in size1 make them so by      
trimming off the edges of the larger    
cards4  ,place two of the cards together
 and cut two slashes1 one on each side  
of the centre1 through one end of the   
double layer 7,fig4 #aeg74 ,slide the   
two cut ends together1 allowing the     
centre divisions1 ,a 7,fig4 #aeg71 to   
lie1 one over and one under the two     

cards4 ,this will bring under the side  
divisions ,b and ,b 7,fig4 #aeg71 on the
 card whose centre division ,a comes on 
top1 while the divisions ,b and ,b of   
the other card will come over on the    
outside 7,fig4 #aeh74 ,fasten all of the
 remaining cards together in pairs in   
the same manner2 then cut a long slit   
near the outer edge of each of the four 
pairs of cards1 ,c and ,c 7,fig4 #aei74 
,slide the walls together at right      
angles1 and form a square by means of   
the long slits4 ,do this by holding the 
open end of one long slit in one wall   
under1 and at right angles to the open  
end of one long slit in another wall1   
and then fitting the two walls into each
 other so that they will stand firm and 
form one corner of the lower story of   
the house 7,fig4 #afj74  ,illustration3 
,,fig4 #aeg--,place two cards together  
and cut two slashes4  ,illustration3    
,,fig4 #aeh--,slide the cards together  
this way4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#aei--,slide the two cards together this

 way to make the wall4  ,illustration3  
,,fig4 #afj--,slide the walls together  
at right angles by means of long slits4 
,strengthen the house with an extra     
inside wall4 ,cut long slits in each end
 of the extra wall1 then a long slit    
near the centre of each side wall in    
which to fit the extra wall4  ,make the 
ceiling of the lower story of two more  
pairs of cards fastened together like   
,fig4 #aeh1 and on the ends of each pair
 of cards cut similar divisions1 only   
have them quite short 7,fig4 #afa74     
,bend down all of the end divisions and 
fit the strips over across the top of   
the first story from front to back1     
bringing the two corner divisions1 ,d   
and ,d 7,fig4 #afa71 on the outside of  
the wall1 while you slide the centre    
part1 ,e1 on the inside 7,fig4 #afb74   
,dotted lines indicate the division ,e  
on the inside4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4   
#afa--;,cut short slits on the end of   
the ceiling cards4  ,the second story   
must be built entire before it can be   

fastened on top of the first story4     
,make each of the four walls of the     
second story three cards long4 ,cut     
divisions on both ends of the middle    
card to fit in the end cards 7,fig4     
#afc74  ,when cutting divisions1 always 
fit together the two cards that are to  
be joined1 and cut through the double   
layer1 which will insure having the     
divisions alike4  ,when the four walls  
are ready to be put together1 cut a     
window in the two end cards of the wall 
which you intend for the front 7,fig4   
#afd74 ,only the lower edge and sides of
 the window may be cut2 the upper edge  
is merely bent and throws the solid     
window shutter1 formed of the piece cut1
 outward1 as shown in the photograph4   
,slide the four walls together and add a
 fifth wall1 to run through the centre  
from side to side1 for strength4 ,use   
the long slit method for joining the    
centre wall to the side walls4  ,when   
built1 turn the second story upside down
 and fit a strip of three cards1        

bridge-like1 over the centre from front 
to back1 and fasten it to the bottom of 
the walls as you attached the ceiling of
 the first story2 then fit on another   
strip in like manner over the centre    
from side to side1 and fasten it to the 
bottom of the side walls4 ,the two      
strips will cross each other at their   
centres1 one lying at right angles over 
the other4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4       
#afb--;,fasten ceiling on lower story by
 sliding the centre division inside1 and
 the two side divisions outside1 the    
wall4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4            
#afc--,middle card for wall of second   
story4  ,carefully lift the second story
 and adjust it squarely and evenly on   
top of the first story1 as in the       
photograph 7,fig4 #aef74  ,illustration3
 ,,fig4 #afd--,walls for second story4  
,details of the visiting-card houses4   
,make the projecting roof of the second 
story of four strips of four cards each4
 ,run the strips from side to side of   
the house and lap them a trifle1 one    

over the other4 ,the roof is merely laid
 on and is supported by the walls4  ,the
 peak is made of two strips of two cards
 each1 and slid into a base of one strip
 of three cards by means of long slits4 
,at the apex the cards are also fastened
 together with long slits4  ,the little 
summer-house in ,fig4 #aef has each of  
the four sides made of one card4 ,the   
cards are fastened together by means of 
long slits4 ,a doorway opening is cut in
 the front wall1 much in the same manner
 as the windows are cut in the large    
house1 only in this case the incision is
 made directly on the lower edge of the 
card1 and1 when finished1 the lower half
 of the door is cut off4 ,the door is   
bent outward and forms a little canopy  
for the open doorway1 as in the         
photograph4  ,make the roof of two      
strips of cards of two cards each by    
merely laying the strips across the top 
opening of the house4  ,fasten the ends 
of the two cards together with long     
slits to form the apex of the peak1 and 

bend the bottom ends of the cards out   
flat1 so the peak will stand steady on  
the roof4  ,if the children would like  
to keep the buildings intact to play    
with at any future time1 as they build  
up the structures let them add a little 
glue or strong paste here and there to  
hold the various parts firmly together4 
,the toys will then last a long time and
 stand considerable wear4  ,tissue-paper
 trees in spools furnish the foliage in 
the photograph1 while a miniature flag1 
with its pole supported in an empty     
spool1 shows the nation to which the    
country belongs4  ,cut little paper     
people from cardboard and place them on 
the grounds4  ,a fine setting for the   
scene can be made by tacking a piece of 
green canton flannel1 fleecy side       
uppermost1 taut over a pastry board1 or 
pinning it on a piece of the            
light-weight patent straw pasteboard4   
,the fleecy green gives the appearance  
of grass1 and when the glistening white 
buildings are set down on the grass     

among the trees with ,old ,glory        
floating overhead1 and gaily dressed    
dolls in the foreground1 the children   
will be delighted with the scene2 nor   
will the appreciation be confined to the
 children1 for older people will also   
enjoy it4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#afe--,pagoda4   ,the ,pagoda  in ,fig4 
#afe is extremely easy to build4 ,make  
the base square of four cards fastened  
together with long slits4 ,on this      
foundation build up one card on the     
front and one on the back1 by cutting   
two short slits on the lower edge of the
 lengthwise bottom of the cards1 one    
slit near each end 7,fig4 #aff71 and    
sliding one card across the front on the
 uncut top edges of the sides of the    
foundation by means of the slits2 then  
fastening the other card across the back
 from side to side in like manner4 ,on  
top of these two cards build two more1  
reaching across the sides from front to 
back4 ,continue building in this way    
until the pagoda is ten stories high4   

,the projections along the sides are    
made of two long narrow cards each1 the 
two cards fastened together at the      
centre like ,fig4 #aeh2 then the ends   
are bent up and the strip laid across   
from side to side on the top edge of the
 two side cards which form every other  
story4 ,the apex roof is built of two   
cards with the top edges fastened       
together1 tent-like1 by means of long   
slits1 on a foundation strip of two     
cards bent up at the ends4              
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aff--;,cut one   
slit near each end4   ,the ,furniture   
in ,fig4 #afg is also made of visiting  
cards4 ,take two long1 narrow cards1    
place them together1 and about one-third
 the distance from one end of the double
 layer cut a slit through the two cards1
 extending it a little more than        
half-way across the cards2 then take the
 cards apart and slide them into each   
other4 ,be sure that the two short ends 
of the cards come together4 ,open out   
the two short ends tent-fashion1 and    

bend down one of the long ends across   
its centre for the seat1 leaving the    
other long end erect to form the back of
 the chair for the paper doll 7,fig4    
#afg74 ,make several chairs2 then make  
the dressing-table4 ,place two long     
cards evenly together and cut a slash   
through and more than half-way across   
the centre of the two cards4 ,slide the 
cards together1 making an ,x4 ,bend out 
the top and bottom ends of the ,x flat4 
,for the top of the table select a      
rather large card1 but not too wide4    
,cut one slash on each side of the      
centre of one of the lengthwise edges4  
,this will make three divisions4 ,cut   
corresponding slashes1 but much deeper1 
in one of the short ends of a smaller   
card1 which is to be the mirror4 ,trim  
off the end of the middle division in   
the table top and slide the two cards   
together1 bringing the ,b and ,b        
divisions 7,fig4 #aeg7 of the mirror    
well forward1 so that the top of the    
table extends back beyond the mirror2   

then bend up the ,b and ,b divisions of 
the mirror1 as in the photograph4 ,place
 the top with the mirror attached on the
 ,x1 allowing the ,x to come back       
directly under the mirror in order that 
the top may be steady4 ,if you paste a  
piece of silver paper or tinfoil well   
smoothed out on the card for the mirror1
 the dressing-table will1 from a little 
distance1 appear quite realistic4       
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #afg--;,card      
furniture4     ,,chapter ,,xiii         
,,playing ,,indians ,,with ,,costumes   
,,made ,,of ,,newspapers   ,,the best   
framework for a newspaper wigwam can be 
made of long-handled feather dusters1   
but long-handled brushes1 or poles of   
any kind you may happen to have1 will   
answer the purpose2 all that is         
necessary is something you can make into
 a framework similar to ,fig4 #afh4 ,tie
 your poles together at the top and     
spread them out at the base1            
tent-fashion4  ,make the   ,covering for
 the ,wigwam  of six large double sheets

 of newspaper pasted together4          
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #afh--;,framework 
for wigwam4  ,only three poles will be  
needed when the covering is of          
newspaper1 but if you do not happen to  
have enough newspapers on hand for the  
entire outfit of tepees and costumes1   
you can use a white muslin sheet for the
 wigwam1 in which case four poles will  
be needed 7,fig4 #afi74 ,the sheet1 not 
being stiff like the paper1 requires    
more supports to make it stand out      
sufficiently4 ,should it be inclined to 
fall in between the poles1 pull it out a
 little and lay a book over the edge    
which lies on the floor1 as a weight1 to
 keep the sheet in place4               
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #afi--,look at our
 newspaper ,indian costumes4 ,we are    
playing ,indians4  ,if you would like   
the wigwam decorated in real ,indian    
fashion1 cut out large colored paper    
pictures and paste them around the lower
 part of the wigwam1 forming a band of  
pictures4 ,be the covering either cloth 

or paper1 it will look well decorated1  
but the covering must be taken off and  
the pictures pasted on4 ,the covering   
should then be adjusted over the poles4 
,one great beauty and attraction of this
 newspaper ,indian material is that     
effective results can be produced       
quickly and with little work4  ,make    
,moccasins  of newspaper1 cut like the  
pattern 7,fig4 #agj74 ,for a small pair 
the paper should measure fifteen inches 
in length and three and a half inches in
 width2 larger sizes require larger     
paper4  ,fringe the central portion of  
the longest edge according to the fringe
 lines on ,fig4 #agj4 ,cut the two      
boundary lines of fringe1 ,a and ,a1 up 
to the dotted line2 then bend down all  
dotted lines4 ,bring the two ends       
together1 allowing the fringe to come on
 the outside1 and fit the point ,b over 
the other point ,b4 ,this finishes the  
newspaper moccasin 7,fig4 #aga74        
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #agj--;,cut       
moccasins this way4  ,illustration3     

,,fig4 #aga--,the newspaper moccasin4   
,make   ,the ,little ,dress ,skirt  of  
two newspapers pasted together along the
 shortest edge1 then folded lengthwise  
through the centre1 and the two lower   
loose ends cut into a deep fringe4 ,this
 skirt needs no belt2 it should be      
simply fastened together at the back    
over the ordinary dress with            
safety-pins4  ,use one sheet of paper   
for the little fringed sacque4 ,allow   
the paper to remain folded along the    
white central band1 and fold the double 
layers crosswise through the centre1    
making four thicknesses4 ,cut an opening
 for the head according to dotted line  
,c 7,fig4 #agb74 ,fringe the sides along
 dotted line ,d1 as shown in diagram    
7,fig4 #agb74  ,unfold carefully1 that  
the paper may not tear1 and after       
cutting a slit from the neck partially  
down the centre of the front1 you will  
have ,fig4 #agc4 ,if you wish to make   
the garment less liable to tear1 paste  
narrow strips of muslin on the under    

side of the sacque1 around the neck1    
down each side of the slit1 and at the  
head of the fringe4  ,illustration3     
,,fig4 #agb--,newspaper folded ready for
 making little squaw's sacque4          
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #agc--,little     
squaw's newspaper sacque4  ,from a      
folded piece of newspaper cut the little
 squaw a head-dress 7,fig4 #agd74 ,let  
the top of the feather come on the fold 
of the paper4 ,turn over and crease down
 the straight edge of the band at the   
dotted line 7,fig4 #agd71 making four   
layers4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4          
#agd--;,head-dress4  ,crown the little  
girl with the head-dress1 pinning the   
ends together at the back with a        
safety-pin4 ,slip the moccasins on her  
feet1 fastening them to the toe of the  
shoe with a little stiff paste1 and your
 charming little squaw will be ready to 
play in the wigwam 7,fig4 #age74  ,older
 girls can make the ,indian costume from
 the same patterns by cutting them      
larger4  ,the ,indian boy needs a lot of

 fringed newspaper for his costume4 ,cut
 folded strips to make the fringe thick 
and in two layers4 ,fold down the solid 
edge of one strip and with safety-pins  
fasten the fold along the outside line  
of the boy's trousers and stockings1 as 
in the photograph 7,fig4 #agf74 ,trim   
the other trouser leg and stocking in   
the same manner4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 
#age--;,charming little squaw4          
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #agf--,young      
,indian chief4  ,cut a generous strip of
 double-layer fringe to fasten entirely 
around the boy's shoulders1 extending   
across both back and chest4 ,reinforce  
the top edge of the band of fringe1 and 
along the line where the solid paper    
meets the fringe1 with strips of muslin1
 pasted on1 to prevent tearing4         
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #agg--,newspaper  
cut for chief's head-dress4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #agh--,separate   
and open out the lower lengthwise halves
 of the head-dress which falls down the 
back4  ,for the chief's   ,feather      

,head-,dress  cut a folded strip of     
newspaper long enough to encircle the   
boy's head and allow for a              
lap--twenty-two inches will probably be 
correct4 ,make the strip six inches     
wide2 the tops of the feathers must be  
along the folded edge4 ,let the feathers
 be fully four inches high1 and allow a 
space of one inch on the band at the    
base of each feather1 ,f 7,fig4 #agg74  
,the widest part of each feather should 
be one and three-quarters inches4 ,make 
the band four thicknesses by folding it 
over at the dotted line2 then crease    
each separate feather on the right side 
lengthwise1 through the centre1 to      
stiffen them and insure their standing  
erect4 ,cut another long strip of       
feathers in the same way1 to fall from  
the head down the back4 ,on this strip  
paste the front and back of each feather
 together at its base4 ,also paste      
together lengthwise the upper portion of
 the band1 and1 instead of folding as   
you did the first band1 separate and    

open out its two lower lengthwise       
halves4 ,crease them backward away from 
each other1 so that the feathers may    
stand erect and the band be at right    
angles on each side of the feathers     
7,fig4 #agh74  ,the open base of the    
band lying against the boy's back causes
 the feathers to stand out and not fall 
flat and spoil the effect1 as they      
otherwise might do4 ,the photograph of  
the boy chieftain standing was taken    
expressly that you might see exactly how
 the newspaper costume of the ,indian   
brave should look4  ,illustration3      
,,fig4 #agi--;,begin rolling paper strip
 for calumet this way4  ,illustration3  
,,fig4 #ahj--;,continue rolling the     
paper4  ,make the   ,calumet  of a strip
 of newspaper five inches wide and about
 thirty-two inches long4 ,hold one      
corner between your thumb and first     
finger and roll the paper as if you were
 making a lighter 7,fig4 #agi74 ,when   
you have rolled it to the opposite      
corner1 ,e1 remove your fingers and let 

the paper unroll4 ,smooth out the rolled
 corners until it springs back into a   
large roll about three-quarters of an   
inch in diameter 7,fig4 #ahj74  ,when   
the corner roll is the right size1      
continue to roll the paper until a long 
round stick is formed 7,fig4 #aha74     
,paste the loose end of the stick on the
 roll and cut both ends off even1 as    
indicated by the dotted lines in ,fig4  
#aha4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4            
#aha--,stick of rolled paper for        
calumet4  ,bend the paper roll about six
 and a half inches from one end1 and    
bring the bent portion over against and 
on top of the roll4 ,pin the fold down  
on the roll three inches from the bend2 
then turn up the open end to form the   
bowl of the pipe1 which you must make   
stand erect should it seem inclined to  
lean 7,fig4 #ahb74  ,illustration3      
,,fig4 #ahb--,paper roll bent and pinned
 into a calumet4     ,,chapter ,,xiv    
,,christmas-,,tree ,,decorations        
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ahc--,the        

,christmas tree with home-made          
decorations4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     
#ahd--,the ,christmas star4  ,,fig4 #ahc
 is the photograph of a ,christmas tree 
whose trimming is entirely home-made4   
,the brilliant colors and shining gilt  
of the papers used1 give a sparkle and  
life that are most captivating1 and the 
ornaments are so easily made that the   
children themselves can do much toward  
decorating a tree in this manner4  ,at  
the top of the tree1 shining above all  
other ornaments1 is   ,the ,christmas   
,star  7,fig4 #ahd71 and this is the way
 to make it3  ,from a piece of cardboard
 cut an oblong with the top and bottom  
edges five and a quarter inches long and
 the side edges just five inches long   
7,fig4 #ahe74 ,now1 exactly in the      
middle at the top edge1 make a dot1 ,a  
7,fig4 #ahe72 then on each side edge    
make a dot1 ,,bb 7,fig4 #ahe74 ,on the  
bottom edge1 one inch from each bottom  
corner1 make the dots ,,cc4 ,with the   
aid of a ruler draw the lines connecting

 these points1 as shown in ,fig4 #ahe4  
,this gives a perfect five-pointed star1
 five inches high4 ,cut the star out1   
cover its entire surface with a coat of 
paste1 and lay over it a smooth piece of
 gilt paper1 pressing out the fulness   
and creases4 ,when the paste is dry1 cut
 away the paper from the edges1 and     
there will remain a gilt star1 firm and 
stiff enough to stand up bravely4       
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ahe--;,draw the  
star like this4  ,but this is not all4  
,there are to be a number of gold-tipped
 rays flaming out from the star to      
represent its spreading light4 ,for     
these rays select ten broom straws with 
two prongs4 ,trim the prongs evenly1    
shorten the stems at the bottom1 and    
spread the prongs apart 7,fig4 #ahf74   
,now1 cut twenty strips of gold paper   
half an inch wide and a little over four
 inches long4 ,lay one strip down1 cover
 the wrong side with paste1 place three 
broom straws with their prongs resting  
on the paste side of the paper1 and     

press another strip of gold paper over  
the first1 inclosing the tips of the    
straws4 ,this will give a gold paper on 
both sides of the straws4 ,then1 when   
the paste is dry1 cut away the paper1   
leaving a gold triangle on the tip of   
each prong of each broom straw4 ,fig4   
#ahg shows one triangle cut out4 ,treat 
all of your broom-straw rays in this    
way1 then cover with paste the centre of
 the wrong side of the star up to the   
points1 lay two straws in place1 the    
stems crossing1 as in ,fig4 #ahh1 and   
over the stems press a short strip of   
white paper1 like ,d 7,fig4 #ahh71      
pasting it down securely4 ,adjust the   
other rays between the points of the    
star1 and fasten in place in the same   
manner4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4          
#ahf--,place three broom straws on the  
paper4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ahg--,one
 triangle cut out4  ,illustration3      
,,fig4 #ahh--,paste the straws on the   
star4  ,to hold the star upright1 make a
 lighter from a strip of white          

writing-paper for a stem4 ,flatten the  
top of the lighter1 cut it off evenly1  
and paste it on the back of the star    
between the two lower points1 as in     
,fig4 #ahh4 ,over the stems of the broom
 straws and the end of the lighter paste
 a white paper lining that will reach   
part way up each point of the star4     
,this lining should be made before the  
rays are pasted to the star1 by laying  
the star on white paper1 tracing around 
its edges with a pencil1 cutting out the
 white paper star1 and then clipping off
 about one inch of the points4 ,the gold
 star will look like ,fig4 #ahd4        
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ahi--,the        
,christmas bells that dangle alluringly4
  ,not the least effective trimmings on 
the tree are the little   ,christmas    
,bells  that hang by strings from the   
tips of the branches and dangle         
alluringly4 ,they are of different      
sizes1 and some are made of gilt1 others
 of colored paper 7,fig4 #ahi74         
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aij--;,curve the 

paper into a cone4  ,illustration3      
,,fig4 #aia--,trim off the bottom       
points4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4          
#aib--,the pattern of the bells4  ,for a
 bell three and a half inches high 7a   
very good size71 cut a strip of paper   
three and a half inches wide and seven  
inches long1 curve it into the cone     
shape shown in ,fig4 #aij1 and pin      
together4 ,cut off the point that laps  
over1 according to the dotted line1 also
 the point that laps under1 leaving a   
little over half an inch for the final  
lap4 ,trim off the bottom points even   
with the shortest part of the bottom    
edge1 as shown by the curved1 dotted    
line1 and you will have ,fig4 #aia4     
,fig4 #aia opened out will give you     
,fig4 #aib1 which will be the pattern   
for other bells4  ,as ,fig4 #aib lies   
flat on the table1 run the paste brush  
along one side edge1 making the coat of 
paste as wide as the lap is to be1 then 
curve the bell into shape4 ,make the    
bottom edges meet evenly and press the  

paste-covered edge over the other side  
edge4 ,hold the finger inside the bell  
while you do this1 to keep it from      
flattening4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4      
#aic--;,cut out two disks at one time4  
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aid--,paste the  
strings between the two disks4          
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aie--,the clapper
 in the bell4  ,the clapper is made of  
two round disks of gold paper with the  
string pasted between them4 ,for the    
bell we are now making1 the clapper     
should be almost one inch in diameter4  
,fold a piece of gilt paper and cut out 
the two disks at one time 7,fig4 #aic74 
,cover the wrong side of one disk with  
paste1 lay the end of a string across   
the middle 7,fig4 #aid71 and press the  
other disk on top4 ,both sides of the   
clapper will then be gilt4 ,hold the    
clapper up to the bell by the string1 so
 that half of the clapper is below the  
bottom edge of the bell2 then1 bringing 
the string close to the point at the top
 of the bell1 run a pin through the     

string to mark the distance4 ,where the 
pin is1 tie a knot1 ,f 7,fig4 #aid72    
this is to hold the clapper in its      
proper position4 ,thread the end of the 
string through the eye of a             
darning-needle and push the needle up   
through the point of the bell--the knot 
will keep the string from running up too
 far 7,fig4 #aie74 ,allow eight or ten  
inches of string above the bell1 so that
 it may be hung high or low1 as desired4
 ,a bell should never be tied close to a
 branch1 but should hang down far enough
 to sway with every passing current of  
air4 ,the long string also adds to the  
decorative effect4  ,illustration3      
,,fig4 #aif--,the frosty snow pocket4   
,the ,snow ,pocket  7,fig4 #aif7 is     
another pretty ornament and is made with
 a few snips of the scissors4           
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aig--;,fold the  
paper crosswise4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 
#aih--;,cut slits in the folded paper4  
,cut a strip of white tissue-paper five 
and a half inches wide and twenty-two   

inches long4 ,fold the paper crosswise  
through the middle2 then fold it again  
and again until your folded piece is one
 inch wide4 ,the folds must always be   
across the paper from start to finish   
7,fig4 #aig74 ,now1 cut slits in the    
folded paper1 first a slit on one side1 
and then a slit on the other1 as in     
,fig4 #aih4 ,let the spaces between the 
slits be one-eighth of an inch wide1 and
 cut each slit to within one-eighth of  
an inch of the edge4 ,when this is done1
 carefully unfold the paper and spread  
it out flat1 then lift the top edge with
 one hand1 the bottom edge with the     
other1 and gently pull the meshes apart4
 ,gather the top edge into little       
plaits1 and twist them together in a    
point2 gather the bottom edge in the    
same way and twist that2 then carefully 
pull the snow pocket out1 and you will  
have a long1 narrow bag of soft1 white  
meshes4 ,if it flares out too much1     
crush it together softly with your hand4
 ,make a small gilt paper star and      

fasten a narrow strip of white          
tissue-paper to its top point4 ,open the
 bag1 slip the star inside1 and suspend 
it half-way from the top by pasting the 
end of the paper strip to the top of the
 bag4 ,make a loop of tissue-paper1     
fasten it to the top point of the bag1  
and then hang the snow pocket on the    
tree4 ,the gold star gleaming through   
the frosty meshes is very pretty1 but if
 you have several snow pockets1 there   
need not be stars in all4   ,jocko1 the 
,monkey  7,fig4 #aii7 is not made of    
paper1 but of delectable1 sugary        
raisins4 ,he is a funny fellow1 and will
 delight the children4  ,illustration3  
,,fig4 #aii--;,jocko4  ,thread a clean1 
cotton string in a large darning-needle1
 then select three of your largest      
raisins for the body and a suitably     
shaped one for the head4 ,there must be 
three raisins for each leg1 one for each
 foot1 and three for each arm4 ,tie a   
knot in the end of your string and1     
beginning with one foot1 string on three

 raisins for one leg1 then the three for
 the body1 and1 lastly1 the one for the 
head4 ,tie a knot close to the top at   
the head and leave a long end to the    
string4 ,thread your needle again and   
string on the raisins for the other foot
 and leg1 then run the needle up through
 the lower raisin of the body1 and      
fasten the second string to the first   
between the two body raisins4           
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bjj--;,jocko     
ready to be dressed4  ,illustration3    
,,fig4 #bja--;,jocko's hat4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bjb--;,jocko's   
coat4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4            
#bjc--;,jocko's skirt4  ,string three   
raisins for one arm1 run the needle     
through the middle of the top body      
raisin1 where the shoulders should be1  
then string on the three raisins for the
 other arm and tie a knot at the end4   
,jocko is all right now1 except that he 
is very limp4 ,put stiffening into his  
joints by running broom straws through  
his legs1 body1 and arms4 ,use a raisin 

stem for the tail1 and fasten it on by  
pushing the largest end into the lowest 
body raisin4 ,make the eyes by running a
 short piece of broom straw through the 
head1 allowing the ends to stand out a  
short distance in the place for the     
eyes4 ,remember a monkey's eyes are     
always close together1 and they must be 
made so in order to look natural4  ,at  
this stage ,jocko will resemble ,fig4   
#bjj2 but he must have clothes and a hat
 to give the finishing touches and make 
him look like the monkeys the children  
are familiar with4 ,fig4 #bja is        
,jocko's hat1 ,fig4 #bjb his coat1 and  
,fig4 #bjc his little skirt4  ,cut all  
of these from bright-colored cambric of 
a size to fit the monkey4 ,fold a piece 
of cambric for the coat1 and cut it out 
as you would for a paper doll1 with the 
fold at the top4 ,the skirt and hat are 
circular4 ,cut a round hole in the      
middle of the skirt for the waist1 and  
slit it down the back4 ,this furnishes  
the costume4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     

#bjd--;,bring the corners of the square 
together4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#bje--,slit the triangle4               
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bjf--,opened out4
  ,now1 thread the end of the string    
from the top of ,jocko's head into the  
darning-needle and run the needle       
through the middle of the hat 7,fig4    
#bjj72 then push the hat down on his    
head4 ,fit the skirt around ,jocko's    
waist1 and fasten it at the back with   
needle and thread2 then put on his      
jacket and fasten that in front4 ,it is 
unnecessary to say that ,jocko is good  
to eat4   ,the ,chrysanthemum  ornament 
is showy and pretty2 it is also very    
quickly made4 ,fold through the middle a
 piece of bright orange tissue-paper six
 inches square4 ,this will give you an  
oblong4 ,fold again through the middle  
crosswise1 and you will have a smaller  
square4 ,bring the two opposite corners 
of the square together and fold like    
,fig4 #bjd2 then cut off the point      
curving the edge1 as shown by the dotted

 line4 ,the folded part of the triangle 
is at the diagonal in ,fig4 #bjd1 the   
edges at the bottom4 ,now cut slits in  
your triangle like ,fig4 #bje4 ,open it1
 and you will have ,fig4 #bjf4 ,make two
 fringed circles like ,fig4 #bjf1 lay   
one on top of the other1 pinch the      
centre in a point1 twist it1 and draw   
the fringed ends together 7,fig4 #bjg74 
,make a writing-paper lighter for the   
stem1 cover the point of the ornament   
with paste1 insert it in the large end  
of the lighter1 and press together with 
your fingers until it holds tight4 ,the 
result will be like ,fig4 #bjh4 ,in     
fastening the chrysanthemum ornament on 
the tree1 stand it upright and run a pin
 through the stem into one of the small 
branches4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#bjg--,pinch the centre into a point4   
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bjh--,the        
chrysanthemum ornament  ,strings of     
,colored ,paper ,disks  looped from     
branch to branch1 take the place of     
colored glass balls1 and add materially 

to the beauty of the tree4  ,fig4 #bji  
shows how these strings are made4 ,red1 
gold1 yellow1 orange1 green1 blue1 and  
white make pretty disks1 and show off   
well on the tree4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4
 #bji--,the colored paper disks4  ,cut  
your disks perfectly round1 and in      
pairs2 for they must be the same on both
 sides1 ,g1 ,h 7,fig4 #bji74 ,you can   
make the disks on some strings all of   
one size2 on others they may graduate   
down to quite small ones at the ends4   
,when the disks are cut out1 lay one    
down1 bottom side up1 ,h 7,fig4 #bji74  
,cover this with paste1 then lay a white
 cotton string across the disk1 directly
 through the middle4 ,allow about six   
inches of the string to extend beyond   
the disk1 and let each string be one    
yard long4 ,before the paste has time to
 dry1 press the mate of the disk1 ,g    
7,fig4 #bji71 on top of ,h1 over the    
string1 taking care to have the edges   
even4 ,go through this process with each
 disk4 ,paste them on the string one    

inch apart1 and leave six inches of     
string at the last end4  ,illustration3 
,,fig4 #baj--;,a fringed ornament4      
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #baa--,six        
triangles like this4  ,fig4 #baj is a   
dainty   ,fringed ,ornament  made of    
colored and gilt paper4 ,the foundation 
is a round disk of white writing-paper1 
two inches in diameter4 ,to this is     
pasted the ends of a narrow light-blue  
ribbon1 long enough to form a loop by   
which to hang the ornament4 ,for the    
rest1 cut two circles of light-pink     
tissue-paper1 six inches in diameter1   
fringe them on the edges to the depth of
 one inch1 making the fringe quite fine2
 then paste one circle on one side of   
the foundation1 the other circle on the 
other side4 ,now1 from your gold paper  
cut six long1 narrow triangles1 and cut 
the wide end into fringe two inches deep
 7,fig4 #baa74 ,paste these tufts of    
gold fringe at equal distances on the   
pink circle1 making the points meet at  
the centre4 ,make a smaller1 light-blue1

 fringed circle1 and a still smaller    
pink circle4 ,paste the centre of the   
blue circle over the centre of the gold 
fringe1 and the centre of the small pink
 circle over the centre of the blue4    
,cut out a small1 eight-pointed gold    
star and paste directly in the middle of
 the pink circle4 ,you can vary this    
kind of ornament in a number of ways4   
,fig4 #bab shows another made on the    
same principle4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4  
#bab--;,another ornament4  ,the crowning
 glory of every ,christmas tree is its  
,candles  and1 whether lighted or not1  
they are always prominently in evidence4
 ,of late years the people have grown   
wise in the matter of fires1 and many   
parents refuse to light the ,christmas  
candles on their children's tree because
 of the great danger of conflagration4  
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bac--,little     
paper candles4  ,fig4 #bac shows some   
paper candles on an evergreen branch1   
standing upright and burning briskly4   
,the candles may be made of white as    

well as colored paper4 ,make an oblong1 
,k 7,fig4 #bad71 four inches long and   
two and a half inches wide1 the wick    
one-quarter of an inch high1 and the    
back of the flame1 ,l1 three-quarters of
 an inch long4 ,from orange-colored     
tissue-paper cut the flame 7,fig4 #bae74
 ,this should be a little over a half an
 inch wide at the base and two inches   
long4 ,lay an oblong on the table in    
front of you2 take a large-sized pencil2
 place it on the long edge farthest away
 from the flame1 and roll it on the     
pencil 7,fig4 #baf7 until the opposite  
edge overlaps the roll4 ,then run the   
paste brush along the edge and paste it 
down4 ,your candle is now a hollow roll4
 ,slip the roll off the pencil and cut  
two slim notches opposite to each other1
 in the bottom edge 7,fig4 #bag74 ,make 
the notches on some of the candles at   
the front and back1 on others at each   
side4 ,this is so that the flames may   
always face outward1 though the branches
 that hold the candles may turn in      

various directions4 ,lastly1 paste the  
flame on the back of the flame1 allowing
 the tip to flare out at one side as    
though stirred by a current of air      
7,fig4 #bag74  ,illustration3 ,,fig4    
#bad--;,begin the candle in this way4   
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bae--,the flame  
is cut like this4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4
 #baf--,roll it on a pencil4            
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bag--,the        
finished candle4  ,in placing the       
candles1 stand them up astride the      
branches by means of the notches at the 
bottom1 turning the right side of the   
flame always toward the room4 ,the      
tiniest twigs will hold these paper     
candles easily1 and when the needles of 
the fir interfere with their adjustment1
 pull off some of the needles and set   
the candles astride the bare places on  
the branches4  ,finish the tree by      
throwing over it a web of long1 very    
narrow strips of white and              
orange-colored tissue-paper4  ,the      
narrower the strips the better they will

 look4  ,it hardly seems necessary to   
offer a word of caution1 but it will do 
no harm to say that the flame of gas1   
candle1 or fire1 should not come near   
this paper-decked tree1 though it is    
scarcely more inflammable than a tree   
trimmed with tinsel4     ,,chapter ,,xv 
,a ,,home-,,made ,,santa ,,claus        
,,merry ,,christmas6 ,merry ,christmas6 
calls out ,santa ,claus cheerily as the 
guests come trooping into the room4     
,laughing and joking1 his eyes twinkling
 with fun1 ,santa ,claus names each     
person as he hands out the gifts from   
his fat ,christmas bag and from the     
generous pile at his feet4 ,all this    
merriment happens at ,christmastide when
 you play the part of good ,kris        
,kringle in your own home1 in the       
schoolroom1 the ,sunday-school1 or in   
any place where ,christmas is celebrated
 and where children are gathered to     
enjoy the festivities4  ,take a good    
long look at ,santa ,claus1 as shown in 
the picture 7,fig4 #bah72 then turn your

 eyes to the illustration 7,fig4 #bai74 
,can you believe it possible that the   
two photographs are of the same person  
in identically the same pose8 ,such is  
truly the case4 ,the second gives the   
woman's back1 while the first shows her 
face1 arms1 and hands transformed into  
those of the jolly saint4  ,you can see 
at a glance how very easy it will be for
 you to have a real1 live1 little ,santa
 ,claus for your ,christmas4  ,any      
one--grandfather1 grandmother1 father1  
mother1 big sister or brother1 or you   
yourself--can assume the character of   
this live little saint1 can grow        
suddenly short of stature1 jolly and    
fat1 be arrayed in scarlet1             
ermine-trimmed1 and crowned with a      
red-peaked hat1 all in less time than it
 takes to tell it2 and1 stranger still1 
the transformation may be accomplished  
in a very comfortable way1 without even 
the bother of changing the usual attire4
  ,it is essential merely to paste on   
the face tufts of raw cotton for        

eyebrows1 mustache and goatee1 and to   
slip over each arm an extra sleeve4     
,this accomplished1 and the proper      
position taken behind the curtain1 lo1  
magic change6 ,there you are as fine a  
little ,santa ,claus as any one would   
care to see1 and your best friend would 
not recognize you1 so complete is the   
change4 ,disguise your voice and no one 
can find you out1 not even your nearest 
relative4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#bah--,santa ,claus as the spectators   
see him4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4         
#bai--,the real ,santa ,claus behind the
 curtain4  ,when the gifts have been    
distributed and you are ready to go out 
among the excited children or family    
circle again1 step from the curtain1    
pull off the extra sleeves1 remove the  
cotton from your face1 and in a moment's
 time you will again be your own natural
 self4  ,when preparing this            
entertainment you will find the demand  
on your purse very slight1 the principal
 outlay being for the curtain4 ,purchase

 moss-green lining cambric1 at four1    
five1 or six cents a yard1 to stretch   
over the doorway you intend to use4 ,two
 yards and a quarter cut in one full    
breadth and one half breadth1 when sewed
 together into a curtain1 will be enough
 for an ordinary doorway4 ,doorways vary
 in size1 however1 and it is best to    
take the measurements of yours before   
buying the material4 ,the space between 
the folding doors will probably call for
 five yards of cambric4 ,when the strips
 of cloth are sewed together1 stretch   
the curtain taut over the opening1      
tacking it at long intervals on the     
topmost level of the wood-work over the 
door and on the extreme edge of the door
 jamb next to the wall4 ,if fastened in 
this manner1 tacks will not injure the  
wood-work4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4       
#bbj--;,holes in curtain for face and   
arms4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bba--;,cap
 and body of coat pinned on curtain4    
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bbb--,pattern for
 sleeve-cap4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     

#bbc--,santa ,claus's paste board boot  
top4  ,stand on the floor facing the    
centre of the curtain and mark the place
 where your face comes2 then where your 
arms will most easily pass through the  
curtain4 ,cut holes in the cloth1 one   
for your face with chin entirely        
through1 and two for your arms 7,fig4   
#bbj74 ,cut the holes small2 they can be
 enlarged if necessary4  ,make ,santa   
,claus's cap of a piece of scarlet      
cambric twelve inches wide and seventeen
 inches long2 tie one end with a string 
into a tassel2 then pin the cap on top  
of the face opening 7,fig4 #bba71 and   
cut the lower edge into a curve to fit  
the hole as indicated by the dotted     
lines in ,fig4 #bba4 ,one width of      
scarlet cambric twenty-six inches long1 
used just as it comes1 will make the    
jacket4  ,draw in one edge of the coat  
to meet the inner edge of the armhole   
and pin it there2 do the same with the  
other side1 and you will have fulness in
 front to allow for padding4 ,bring the 

sides around the armhole outward again  
and pin in place2 then fold up a wide   
hem and pin the sides of the jacket to  
the curtain and fill out the inside of  
the jacket with half sheets of newspaper
 lightly crumpled 7,fig4 #bba74  ,pin   
enough paper to the curtain under the   
coat to give the body of ,santa ,claus a
 decidedly rounded appearance2 be sure  
that the padding is securely fastened to
 the curtain4 ,then pin the sleeve caps1
 cut according to ,fig4 #bbb1 around the
 outer edge of the armhole4 ,pin raw    
white cotton around the face opening to 
form the hair and long1 full beard4     
,allow the cotton to come well over the 
edge of the hole1 that it may lie       
naturally on ,santa ,claus's face4      
,with ink1 mark the fleecy side of the  
strips of white canton flannel to       
resemble white ermine4 ,notice          
particularly the shape of the black     
ermine dots and have yours like them4   
,pin one ermine strip down the front of 
the red jacket and another across the   

bottom edge4 ,make two long1 separate   
scarlet sleeves1 unhemmed at top and    
bottom1 and pin a band of ermine around 
each for a cuff4 ,the only necessary    
sewing for the entire costume is the    
seams of the sleeves4  ,illustration3   
,,fig4 #bbd--,santa ,claus's costume    
ready for the impersonator4  ,polish up 
a pair of ordinary old shoes1 stuff them
 out with newspapers1 and use them for  
,santa ,claus's feet4 ,roll two pieces  
of cardboard1 or pieces of limber       
pasteboard boxes1 into cylinders2 ink or
 blacken them4 ,when dry1 cut a curve in
 one end of each1 like ,fig4 #bbc1 and  
fit these tops over the stuffed shoes to
 make them into boots4 ,set the boots on
 a bench or a low table1 placed across  
in front of ,santa ,claus1 and adjust   
them under the coat1 so the little      
fellow will appear to be standing on the
 bench 7,fig4 #bbd74 ,pin ,christmas    
greens1 either natural or of            
tissue-paper1 over the top and down the 
sides of the curtain1 and you will have 

a unique1 very effective1 and novel     
arrangement for ,christmas1 easy to     
make1 and costing but a trifle4 ,try it4
     ,,chapter ,,xvi  ,,nature ,,study  
,,with ,,tissue-,,paper   ,a ,,natural  
flower1 some tissue-paper1 a pair of    
scissors1 a spool of thread1 and nimble 
fingers are all you need4  ,there are no
 patterns1 only circles and squares and 
strips of paper which you gather here1  
spread out there1 wrap and tie somewhere
 else1 and1 with deft fingers1 model    
into almost exact reproductions of the  
natural flower before you4  ,with its   
unfamiliar terms to be committed to     
memory and the many parts of the flower 
to be distinguished1 botany is apt to   
prove dry and tiresome to the little    
child1 but to study nature by copying   
the flowers in this marvellously        
adaptable material is only a beautiful  
game which every child1 and indeed many 
grown people1 will delight in4 ,the form
 of the flower1 its name and color1 may1
 by this means1 be indelibly stamped    

upon the memory1 and a good foundation  
laid for further study4   ,the ,best    
,models  ,ordinary garden flowers and   
those most easily procured make the best
 models4 ,the carnation1 the            
morning-glory1 and the rarer blossoms of
 the hibiscus are well adapted to the   
work1 also the daffodil and some of the 
wonderful orchids4  ,even holly1 with   
its sharp-spiked leaves and scarlet     
berries1 and the white-berried1 pale    
green mistletoe may be closely copied4  
,all these and many more are made on the
 same principle1 and in so simple a     
manner that even quite a little child   
may succeed in producing very good      
copies from nature4   ,material  ,buy a 
sheet of light pink tissue-paper1       
another of darker pink1 and one of the  
darkest red you can find2 then a sheet  
of light yellow-green and one of dark   
green4 ,have a table cleared for the    
action and place your paper on the      
right-hand side1 adding a pair of       
scissors and a spool of coarse thread1  

or1 better still1 of soft darning       
cotton4  ,with all this you are to copy 
the   ,carnation  which some one has    
given you or you have growing in your   
own garden4 ,make one of your light pink
 paper1 one of the darker pink1 and     
another of the rich1 deep red to have a 
variety 7,fig4 #bbe74  ,illustration3   
,,fig4 #bbe--;,carnations modelled from 
tissue-paper4  ,lay your natural flower 
down on the left-hand side of the table1
 away from your material1 but within    
quite easy reach1 for it must be        
consulted frequently4 ,seat yourself    
comfortably and don't work hurriedly4   
,the first thing necessary in this      
system of squares and circles is to know
   ,how to ,cut a ,circle ,quickly      
easily1 and accurately1 and always      
without a pattern4 ,here is a method    
which never fails3  ,illustration3      
,,fig4 #bbf--;,fold the square          
diagonally through the centre4          
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bbg--,the folded 
square makes the triangle4  ,cut a      

square the size you wish to make your   
circle4 ,that is1 if you want a circle  
with a diameter of four inches1 cut a   
four-inch square 7,fig4 #bbf74 ,fold the
 square diagonally through the centre   
according to the dotted line on ,fig4   
#bbf1 and you have a triangle 7,fig4    
#bbg74 ,fold this at the dotted line and
 it will make another triangle 7,fig4   
#bbh74 ,again fold through the middle   
and you have the third triangle 7,fig4  
#bbi74 ,fold once more and ,fig4 #bcj is
 the result4 ,measure the distance from 
the edge1 ,b1 to the centre1 ,a1 in     
,fig4 #bcj1 and mark the same distance  
on the other side of the triangle shown 
by the dot1 ,c 7,fig4 #bca74 ,with your 
scissors cut across from ,c to ,b1      
curving the edge slightly1 as shown by  
the dotted line from ,c to ,b 7,fig4    
#bca74 ,fig4 #bcb is the circle still in
 its folds4 ,fig4 #bcc is the circle    
opened1 the dotted line indicating where
 it has been folded4  ,illustration3    
,,fig4 #bbh--,the second triangle4      

,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bbi--,the third  
triangle4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#bcj--,the fourth triangle4             
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bca--;,cut along 
dotted line4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     
#bcb--,the folded circle4               
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bcc--,the circle 
opened4  ,your eye will soon become     
sufficiently accurate to enable you to  
gauge the distance from ,a to ,b1 and   
you can then cut from ,c to ,b without  
measuring4   ,before ,beginning ,your   
,flower  take up the natural one and    
examine it carefully4 ,you will notice  
that it has a great many petals crowded 
closely together1 and that their edges  
are pointed like a saw4 ,you will also  
see that the calyx is wrapped snugly    
around the lower part of the flower1 and
 that it1 too1 has a pointed edge4  ,now
 hold the pink off at arm's length4 ,the
 separateness of the petals disappears  
and you see them only as a mass2 the    
points on the edges are not noticeable  
except as they give the flower a crimped

 appearance1 and the edge of the calyx  
looks almost straight4 ,it is this      
appearance or the impression of the     
flower that you are to produce rather   
than its many and little separate parts4
 ,so now set to work4   ,cut ,two       
,squares for ,each ,pink  one measuring 
five and a quarter inches1 the other    
four and three-quarters inches1 and turn
 them into circles 7,fig4 #bcc71 by the 
method just explained4 ,take one of the 
circles at the centre1 where the folding
 lines cross1 with the tips of the      
fingers of your left hand1 and pinch it 
together2 then1 while still holding it1 
crimp the edge with the fingers of your 
right hand 7,fig4 #bcd74 ,do this always
 with every kind of flower1 whether it  
be made of circles or squares4 ,without 
loosening your hold of the centre1 draw 
the paper lightly through your right    
hand several times1 then crimp the edge 
again1 this time with the blade of the  
scissors4 ,treat all the circles alike1 
then place a small circle inside a      

larger one and draw them through your   
hand to bring them close together1      
pinching them closely until within a    
little over an inch of the edge 7,fig4  
#bce74 ,make a slender lighter of       
ordinary writing-paper 7,fig4 #bcf71    
snip off the point of the flower1 ,d1 in
 ,fig4 #bce1 open the other end a       
little1 and push the lighter through    
until its head is hidden4 ,this forms   
the stem4 ,wrap and tie with thread at  
the bottom of the flower 7,fig4 #bcg71  
and again where the petals spread4 ,this
 last is to be but temporary1 as you    
will remove the thread when the flower  
is sufficiently pressed together to hold
 its shape4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4      
#bcd--;,crimp the edge with your        
fingers4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4         
#bce--;,draw these through your hand to 
bring them closely together4            
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bcf--,make the   
stem of a paper lighter4  ,from your    
light green paper cut a circle measuring
 three and a quarter inches through its 

diameter and cut it in two to make the  
half circle for the calyx 7,fig4 #bch74 
,remove the thread that holds the flower
 just below its petals and wrap the     
calyx closely around the lower part1    
tying it at the bottom2 then cut a      
narrow strip of dark green paper and    
wrap it spirally around the stem1       
beginning at the top 7,fig4 #bci74 ,let 
the wrapper extend a little below the   
lighter and twist the end to hold it in 
place4 ,spread the petals of your flower
 as much like the natural blossom as    
possible4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4        
#bcg--,tie the flower to the stem4      
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bch--,the calyx4 
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bci--,wrap the   
paper spirally around the stem4         
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bdj--,the leaves4
  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bda--,twist    
each end into a point4   ,leaves  ,for  
the leaves cut a strip of dark green    
paper six inches long and three-quarters
 of an inch wide 7,fig4 #bdj74 ,find the
 centre by folding the paper end to end 

and making the crease shown by the      
dotted line in ,fig4 #bdj4 ,gather it   
along this line1 not with needle and    
thread--we use no needle in this        
work--but with your fingers1 and pinch  
it together2 then twist each end into a 
point 7,fig4 #bda74 ,with the sharp end 
of your scissors punch a hole directly  
through the centre1 ,e 7,fig4 #bda71 and
 push the point of the stem through the 
hole1 bringing the leaves as far up on  
the stem as you find them on the natural
 flower2 then wrap and tie them in      
place4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4           
#bdb--,make the bud of a circle4        
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bdc--,slip the   
bag over the head of the lighter4   ,the
 ,bud  is made of a circle of dark green
 paper the diameter of which is three   
and a quarter inches 7,fig4 #bdb74      
,gather this circle between your fingers
 as you did the others and crimp the    
edge with the scissors4 ,it will then   
form a little bag or cup like ,fig4     
#bdb4 ,slip the bag over the head of the

 lighter and tie at the bottom1 as in   
,fig4 #bdc4 ,if the bud does not take   
the proper shape at first1 model it with
 your fingers until it is correct4      
,start the wrapping of the stem just    
above where the bud is tied and finish  
as you did the stem of the pink4 ,use   
small leaves on the bud stem1 having the
 strip of paper just as wide1 but       
considerably shorter than for the leaves
 on the stem of the open flower4  ,it is
 wonderful how very natural these       
blossoms appear4 ,at a short distance no
 one would think they are not the real1 
old and familiar pinks4 ,only the       
fragrance is missing1 and that may also 
be supplied and a spicy odor given by   
inclosing a whole clove in the heart of 
each flower4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4     
#bdd--,morning-glory modelled from      
tissue-paper4   ,the ,morning-,glory    
,from the pale pink paper you can make a
 delicately beautiful morning-glory     
7,fig4 #bdd74 ,have the natural flower  
with its stem and leaves to copy from1  

even if the blossom is not the color you
 want4 ,as with the pink1 it is the     
general form and appearance we strive   
for in the morning-glory1 not the       
detail4  ,make your pink circles with a 
diameter of about seven inches4 ,it is  
always better to have your flowers a    
trifle larger than the natural ones1    
rather than smaller4  ,illustration3    
,,fig4 #bde--;,flatten out the top4     
,but one circle is required for each    
morning-glory4 ,crimp this in your      
fingers and draw through your hand as   
you did the circles for the pinks2 then1
 pinching it together to within one and 
a half inches of the edge1 hold it in   
your left hand and flatten out the top1 
as in ,fig4 #bde4 ,see that the fulness 
is evenly distributed1 and pull and     
straighten out the edges until you are  
satisfied with its appearance4  ,a piece
 of bonnet-wire makes the best stem if  
you wish to give the true viny effect of
 the growth4 ,if it is only the blossom 
you are making1 a paper lighter will    

answer4 ,when you use the wire1 bend one
 end over to form a small loop2 this is 
to keep the stem from slipping through  
the flower4 ,pass the straight end of   
the wire through the centre of the      
flower and draw it down until the loop  
is hidden4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4       
#bdf--;,green square for calyx4         
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bdg--;,hold the  
square at the centre4  ,make   ,the     
,calyx  of a square of light green paper
 measuring about four and a half inches4
 ,fold the square four times through the
 centre to form the creases shown by the
 dotted lines in ,fig4 #bdf4 ,hold the  
square at the centre and draw the edges 
down as in ,fig4 #bdg2 then bring the   
two edges together in gathers1 just     
below one of the corners1 to form a     
leaf-shaped point1 as in ,fig4 #bdh4    
,gather below each corner1 tie as in    
,fig4 #bdi1 and twist each corner into a
 sharp point like ,f 7,fig4 #bdi74 ,draw
 the calyx through your hand1 bringing  
the points together 7,fig4 #bej74 ,push 

the calyx up on the stem and tie just at
 the base of the flower1 then tie again 
about three-quarters of an inch below   
and wrap the remainder of the calyx     
close to the stem4 ,wind the stem with  
light green tissue-paper and bend it as 
the natural one is bent and curved4     
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bdh--;,form a    
leaf-shaped point4  ,illustration3      
,,fig4 #bdi--,twist each corner into a  
point4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4           
#bej--;,bring the points together4      
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bea--;,gather    
along one of the creases4  ,make several
 buds of the pink paper1 following the  
directions given for the green bud of   
the pink2 then twist each bud at the    
point and add a calyx4  ,illustration3  
,,fig4 #beb--,the morning-glory leaves4 
,the wilted flower shown in the         
illustration is made by taking one of   
the morning-glories you have just       
finished and actually wilting it by     
drawing the flower together and creasing
 and pressing it to resemble the        

partially closed and drooping natural   
blossom4  ,only a piece of dark green   
paper six inches square is required to  
model two almost perfectly shaped       
morning-glory leaves4  ,fold the square 
twice diagonally across from corner to  
corner to find its centre2 then begin at
 one corner and gather along one of the 
creases until you reach the centre      
7,fig4 #bea74 ,start again at the       
opposite corner1 gather along the crease
 to the centre1 then wrap and tie 7,fig4
 #beb74 ,pinch each leaf from underneath
 along the crease in the middle1 to give
 the depression at the midrib4          
,straighten the leaf out a little at its
 widest part and you will find you have 
a pair of leaves which are surprisingly 
natural4 ,wrap and tie these to the stem
 and make as many more as you think are 
needed4          99       99       99   
99       99  ,transcriber's ,notes3     
,obvious punctuation errors repaired4