f ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan ,digital      
,libr>ies47               ,,lam>t9e ,,on
 ,,a!ism4               ,,a!ism         
,,among            ,,! ,,p              
,,by       ,,alphonse ,,de ,,lam>t9e4   
,,bo/on3  ,,phillips1 ,,sampson ,,&     
,,company1      #aaj ,,wa%+ton ,,/reet4 
#ahej4     ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act (     
,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahej1 ,,by          
,,phillips1 ,,sampson ,,& ,,company1 ,9 
! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt (   
,massa*usetts4   ,,/]eotyp$ ,,by ,,*>les
 ,w4 ,,colton1 ,no4 #b ,wat] ,/reet4    
,,adv]tisem5t4   ,?r\gh ! pa/ ye>1 ,m4  
de ,lam>t9e has publi%$ a mon?ly j\rnal1
 call$ ,! ,p's ,c\nsellor1 ,le          
,conseill] du ,peuple4 ,ea* numb] ( ?is 
j\rnal conta9s an ,essay1 by him1 on "s 
specific subject1 ( press+ int]e/ to !  
,fr5* p1--g5]ally1 "s political subject4
  ,z a companion to "o ( ^! numb]s1 he  
publi%$ ! ,essay :i* we "h translate4   
,we h ?\ght t its int]e/ & m]it are by  
no means local2 b1 t x w be read ) z mu*
 int]e/ 9 ,am]ica1 z 9 ,france4         

,,edw>d ,e4 ,,hale1                     
,,francis ,,le ,,b>on4    ,worce/]1     
,mass4 ,m>* #g1 #ahej4     ,,a!ism      
,,among ,,! ,,p4     ,i4   ,i h (t5 ask$
 myself1 ,:y am ,i a ,republican8--,:y  
am ,i ! p>tizan ( equitable ,democracy1 
organiz$ & e/abli%$ z a good & /rong    
,gov]nm5t8--,:y h ,i a real love ( !    
,p--a love always s]i\s1 & sometimes ev5
 t5d]8--,:at has ! ,p done = me8 ,i 0 n 
born 9 ! ranks ( ! ,p4 ,i 0 born betwe5 
! high ,ari/ocracy & :at 0 !n call$ !   
inf]ior classes1 9 ! days :5 !re 7      
classes1 :]e are n[ equal citiz5s 9     
v>i\s call+s4 ,i nev] />v$ 9 ! ,p's     
fam9e2 ,i nev] groan$1 p]sonally1 9 !   
,p's mis]ies2 ,i nev] sweat ) its sweat2
 ,i 0 nev] b5umb$ ) its cold4 ,:y !n1 ,i
 repeat x1 d ,i hung] 9 its hung]1 ?ir/ 
) its ?ir/1 w>m "u its sun1 freeze "u   
its cold1 grieve "u its sorr[s8 ,:y %\ld
 ,i n c>e = x z little z = t :i* passes 
at ! antipodes8--turn away my eyes1     
close my e>s1 ?9k ( o!r ?+s1 & wrap     
myself up 9 t s(t1 ?ick g>m5t (         

indiff]5ce & egotism1 9 :i* ,i c %elt]  
myself1 & indulge my sep>ate p]sonal    
ta/es1 )\t ask+ :e!r1 bel[ me1--9 /reet1
 g>ret1 or cottage1 !re is a ri* ,p1 or 
a begg> ,p2 a religi\s ,p1 or an a!i/ic 
,p2 a ,p ( idl]s1 or ( work]s2 a ,p (   
,helots1 or ( citiz5s8  ,& :5ev] ,i h   
?us que/ion$ myself1 ,i h ?us answ]$    
myself3--,i love ! p because ,i believe 
9 ,god4 ,=1 if ,i did n believe 9 ,god1 
:at w\ld ! p be to me8 ,i %\ld enjoy at 
ease t lucky ?r[ ( ! dice1 :i* *ance _h 
turn$ up = me1 ! day ( my bir?2 &1 ) a  
secret1 savage joy1 ,i %\ld say1 ',s mu*
 ! worse = ! los]s6--! _w is a lott]y4  
,woe to ! conqu]$6' ,i _c1 inde$1 say   
?is )\t %ame & cruelty1--=1 ,i repeat x1
 ,i believe 9 ,god4     ,,ii4   ,& :at  
is !re 9 common1 y w say to me1 betwe5  
y\r belief 9 ,god & y\r love = ! ,p8 ,i 
answ]3 ,my belief 9 ,god is n t vague1  
confus$1 indef9ite1 %ad[y s5tim5t :i*   
compels "o to suppose a pr9ciple because
 he sees consequ5ces1--a cause :]e he   
contemplates effects1 a s\rce :]e he    

sees ! ru% ( ! inexhau/ible riv] ( life1
 ( =ms1 ( sub/ances1 absorb$ = ev] 9 !  
ocean1 & r5ew$ unceas+ly f creation4 ,! 
belief 9 ,god1 :i* is ?us p]ceiv$ &     
conceiv$1 is1 s to speak1 only a        
me*anical s5sation ( ! int]ior eye1--an 
in/9ct ( intellig5ce1 9 "s sort =c$ &   
brutal1--an evid5ce1 n reasonable1 n    
religi\s1 n p]fect1 n m]itori\s2 b l !  
mat]ial evid5ce ( light1 :i* ent]s our  
eyes :5 we op5 !m to ! day2 l ! evid5ce 
( s\nd :i* we he> :5 we li/5 to any     
noise2 l ! evid5ce ( t\* :5 we plunge   
our limbs 9 ! waves ( ! sea1 & %iv] at !
 contact4 ,?is elem5t>y1 gross1         
in/9ctive1 involunt>y belief 9 ,god1 is 
n ! liv+1 intellig5t1 active1 &         
legislative fai? ( humanity4 ,x is almo/
 animal4 ,i am p]suad$ t if ! brutes    
ev51--if ! dog1 ! horse1 ! ox1 !        
elephant1 ! bird1 c\ld speak1 !y w\ld   
confess1 t1 at ! bottom ( _! nature1 _! 
in/9cts1 _! s5sations1 _! obtuse        
intellig5ce1 assi/$ by organs less      
p]fect ?an ours1 !re is a cl\d$1 secret 

s5tim5t ( ?is exi/5ce ( a sup]ior &     
primordial ,be+1 f :om all emanates1 &  
to :om all returns1--a %ad[ ( ! div9ity 
^u _! be+1 a di/ant approa* to !        
conception ( t idea1 :i* fills ! worlds1
 & = :i* alone ! worlds h be5 made1--!  
idea ( ,god6         99       99        
99       99       99  ,?is may be a     
bold1 b x is n an impi\s supposition4 ,=
 ,god1 hav+ made all ?+s = himself      
alone1 mu/ h plac$1 ^u all t he made1 an
 impress ( himself2 m or less cle>1 m or
 less lum9\s1 m or less pr(\nd1 a       
pres5tim5t or a remembrance ( a         
,creator4 ,b ?is fai?1 :5 x /ops "h1 is 
n wor?y ( ! "n4 ,x is a species (       
,pan!ism1 t is to say1 a confus$        
visibility1 a physical work+ toge!r into
 indissoluble union ( some?+ imp]sonal1 
some?+ bl9d1 some?+ fatal1 & some?+     
div9e1 :i*1 9 ! elem5ts compos+ !       
univ]se1 we may call ,,god4 ,b ?is      
visibility c give to man no moral       
decision1--c give to ,god no wor%ip4 ,! 
,pan!ism ( :i* ,i am accus$ z a         

philosoph] & poet1 t ,pan!ism :i* ,i h  
always scorn$ z a contradiction & z a   
blasphemy1 resembles entirely ! reason+ 
( ! man :o %\ld say1 ,i see an          
innum]able multitude ( rays1 !re=e !re  
is no sun4     ,,iii4   ,fai?1 or       
reasonable & effective belief 9 ,god1   
proce$s1 und\bt$ly1 f ?is fir/ in/9ct2 b
 9 proportion z intellig5ce develops    
itself1 & human ?\ght exp&s1 x goes f k 
to k1 f conclusion to conclusion1 f     
light to light1 f s5tim5t to s5tim5t1   
inf9itely f>!r & high]1 9 ! idea ( ,god4
 ,x does n see him ) ! eyes ( ! body1   
because ! ,inf9ite is n visible by a    
n>r[ w9d[ ( fle%1 pi]c$ 9 ! frontal bone
 ( an insect call$ ,man2 b x sees ,him1 
) a ?\s& times m c]ta9ty1 by ! _s1 t    
immat]ial eye ( ! s\l1 :i* no?+ bl9ds2 &
 aft] hav+ se5 him ) evid5ce1 x reasons 
^u ! consequ5ces ( 8 exi/5ce1 ^u ! div9e
 aims ( ,8 creation1 ^u ! t]re/rial z   
well z et]nal de/9ies ( ,8 creatures1 ^u
 ! nature ( ! homage & adoration t ,god 
expects1 ^u 8 moral laws1 ^u ! public & 

private duties :i* he imposes on 8      
creatures by _! consci5ces1 ^u ! lib]ty 
,he leaves !m2 s t ) ! suff]+s (        
conflict ,he may give to !m ! m]its & ! 
prize ( virtue4 ,?us 9 man does ! in/9ct
 ( ,god become ,fai?4 ,?us man c speak !
 greate/ ^w t has ev] be5 spok5 ^u ! e>?
 or 9 ! />s1 ! ^w :i* fills ! worlds by 
itself alone1 ! ^w :i* comm5c$ ) !m1 &  
:i* c only end ) !m2--  ,i believe 9    
,god6     ,,iv4   ,x is 9 ?is s5se1 my  
fri5ds1 t ,i say to y1 ,i believe 9     
,god4  ,b1 once hav+ said ?is ^w ) !    
univ]se ( be+s & ( worlds1 & bless$ ?is 
invisible ,god = hav+ r5d]$ himself     
visible1 s5sible1 evid5t1 palpable1     
adorable 9 ! mirror ( weak human        
intellig5ce1 made gradually m & m pure1 
,i reason ) myself on ! be/ wor%ip to be
 r5d]$ ,him 9 ?\ght & action4 ,let me %[
 h[1 by ?is reason+1 ,i am =cibly drawn 
to ! love ( ! ,p4  ,i say to myself1 !n1
 ,:o is ?is ,god8 ,is he a va9 notion1  
:i* has no effect on ! ?\ghts & acts (  
man1 8 creature2 :o inspires no?+ 9 him2

 :o gives him no comm&s2 :o imposes no?+
 ^u him2 :o does n rew>d1 & :o does n   
puni%8--,no6 ,god is n a m]e notion1 an 
idea1 an evid5ce2--,god is a law1--!    
liv+ law1 ! supreme law1 ! univ]sal law1
 ! et]nal law4 ,because ,god is a law on
 high1 he is a duty on ! e>?2 & :5 man  
says1 ',i believe 9 ,god1' he says1 at !
 same "t1 ',i believe 9 my duty t[>ds   
,god1--,i believe 9 my duty t[>ds man4' 
,god is a gov]nm5t6  ,& :at are ^!      
duties8 ,!y are ( ?ree sorts3--  ,duty  
t[>ds ,god1--t is to say1 ! duty (      
develop+1 z mu* z possible1 my          
intellig5ce & my reason1 to arrive at ! 
pure/ idea & ! highe/ wor%ip ( !        
,supreme ,be+1 by :om & = :om all is1   
all exi/s3--,religion4  ,private        
,duties1--t is to say1 ! exact & t5d]   
dis*>ge ( all s5tim5ts to :i* =m has be5
 giv51 ei!r 9 writt5 or unwritt5 laws1  
:i* b9d me to ^?1 to :om1 9 ! ord] (    
nature1 ,i hold mo/ closely1--! ne>e/ to
 myself 9 ! human gr\p--fa!r1 "m1       
bro!rs1 si/]s1 wife1 *ildr51 fri5ds1    

neighbors3--! ,family4  ,collective     
,duties1--t is to say1 devotions1 ev5 to
 ! sacrifice ( myself1 ev5 to dea?1 to !
 progress1 ! well-be+1 ! pres]vation1 ! 
amelioration ( ?is great human family1 (
 :i* my family1 & my c\ntry1 are only   
p>ts2 & ( :i* ,i myself am only a       
mis]able & vani%+ fraction1 a leaf ( a  
summ]1 :i* vegetates & )]s on a bran* ( 
! imm5se trunk ( ! human                
race3--,society4  ,let u speak to-day   
only ( ^! la/ duties1--because1 n[ we   
are occupi$ ) politics alone4     ,v4   
,god1 :5 "o believes 9 ,him z y & ,i d1 
imposes !n on man a duty t[>ds ! society
 ( :i* he makes a "p4 ,y admit x1 d y n8
  ,!n foll[1 & analyze ) me ?is society4
 ,( :om1 & h[1 is x compos$8  ,x is     
compos$1 at ! same "t1 ( /rong & weak1  
conqu]ors & conqu]$1 victors & vanqui%$1
 oppressors & oppress$1 ma/]s & slaves1 
nobles & s]fs1 ( citiz5s & bondm5 or    
subjects dis9h]it$ & enslav$1 consid]$ z
 liv+ furniture1 z tools & laugh+-/ocks 
to _! fell[-m51 z 7 ! ,blacks 9 our     

colonies be=e ! ,republic4  ,?anks to ! 
increase ( g5]al reason1 to ! light (   
philosophy1 to ! inspiration (          
,*ri/ianity1 to ! progress ( ! idea (   
ju/ice1 ( *>ity1 & ( frat]nity1 9 laws1 
mann]s1 & religion1 society 9 ,am]ica1 9
 ,europe1 & 9 ,france1 especially s9ce !
 ,revolution1 has brok5 d[n all ^!      
b>ri]s1 all ^! d5om9ations ( ca/e1 all  
^! injuri\s di/9ctions among m54        
,society is compos$ only ( v>i\s        
conditions1 pr(essions1 functions1 &    
ways ( life1 among ^? :o =m :at we call 
a ,nation2 ( proprietors ( ! soil1 &    
proprietors ( h\ses2 ( inve/m5ts1 (     
h&icrafts1 ( m]*ants1 ( manufactur]s1 ( 
f>m]s2 ( day-labor]s becom+ f>m]s1      
manufactur]s1 m]*ants1 or possessors (  
h\ses or capital1 9 _! turn2 ( ! ri*1 ( 
^? 9 easy circum/ances1 ( ! poor1 (     
workm5 ) _! h&s1 workm5 ) _! m9ds2 (    
day-labor]s1 ( ^? 9 ne$1 ( a small numb]
 ( m5 enjoy+ consid]able acquir$ or     
inh]it$ weal?1 ( o!rs ( a small] =tune  
pa9fully increas$ & improv$1 ( o!rs )   

prop]ty only suffici5t = _! ne$s2 !re   
are "s1 f9ally1 )\t any p]sonal         
possession b _! h&s1 & glean+ = !mselves
 & = _! families1 9 ! work%op1 or !     
field1 & at ! ?re%old ( ! homes ( o!rs  
on ! e>?1 ! asylum1 ! wages1 ! bread1 ! 
in/ruction1 ! tools1 ! daily pay1 all ^?
 means ( exi/5ce :i* !y h nei!r inh]it$1
 sav$1 nor acquir$4 ,^! la/ are :at h   
be5 improp]ly call$ ! ,p4 ,?is "n is    
ext5d$ n[2 x embraces really all ! ,p2 b
 /ill x is us$ z ! "n ( ! indig5t &     
suff]+ "p ( ! ,p4  ,x is m especially ( 
?is class t ,i int5d to speak1 9 say+ to
 y1 ,to love ! ,p1 x is necess>y to     
believe 9 ,god4     ,,vi4   ,! love ( ! 
,p1 ! consci5ce ( ! citiz51 ! s5tim5t   
:i* induces ! individual to lose himself
 9 ! mass1 to submit himself to !       
community1 to sacrifice himself to its  
ne$s1--8 int]e/1 8 individuality1 8     
egotism1 8 ambition1 8 pride1 8 =tune1 8
 blood1 8 life1 8 reputation ev51       
sometimes1 to ! safety ( 8 c\ntry1 to ! 
happ9ess ( ! ,p1 to ! good ( humanity1 (

 :i* he is a memb] 9 ! sight ( ,god1--9 
"o ^w1 all ^! virtues1 necess>y "u e =m 
( gov]nm5t1--useful "u a mon>*y1        
indisp5sable "u a republic1--nev] h be5 
d]iv$1 & nev] c be d]iv$1 f any ?+ b t  
s+le s5t5ce1 pron\nc$ ) religi\s fai?1  
at ! comm5cem5t1 9 ! middle1 at ! end ( 
all our patriotic acts3--,i believe 9   
,god6  ,! ,p :o d n believe /rongly1    
efficaci\sly 9 ?is fir/ pr9ciple1 9 ?is 
supreme orig9al1 9 ?is la/ end ( all    
exi/5ce1 _c h a fai? sup]ior to _!      
individual selfi%ness4  ,! ,p :o _c h a 
pr9ciple sup]ior to _! individual       
selfi%ness1 9 _! acts z citiz5s1 _c h   
national virtue4  ,! ,p :o _c h national
 virtue _c be free2 = !y c h nei!r !    
c\rage :i* enables !m to def5d _! own   
lib]ty1 nor ! consci5ce :i* =ces !m to  
respect ! lib]ty ( o!rs1 & to obey !    
laws1 n z an outw>d =ce1 b z a second   
consci5ce4  ,! ,p :o c nei!r def5d _!   
lib]ty1 nor re/ra9 x1 may be1 by turns1 
slaves or tyrants1 b !y c nev] be       
republicans4  ,!re=e1 ,a!ism 9 ! ,p is !

 mo/ inv9cible ob/acle to ! e/abli%m5t &
 consolidation ( t sublime =m (         
gov]nm5t1 ! idol ( all ages1 ! t5d5cy ( 
all p]fect civilization1 ! dream ( e    
sage1 ! model ( all great s\ls1--!      
gov]nm5t ( ! entire ,p by ! reason &    
consci5ce ( ea* citiz51--o!rwise call$ !
 ,,republic4     ,,vii4   ,mu/ ,i       
demon/rate to y s simple a tru?8 ,c y n 
compreh5d1 )\t explanation ( m9e1 t a   
nation1 :]e ea* citiz5 ?9ks only ( 8 own
 private well-be+ "h bel[1 & sacrifices 
con/antly ! g5]al good to 8 p]sonal &   
n>r[ int]e/2--:]e ! p[]ful man wi%es to 
pres]ve all ! p[] = himself alone1 )\t  
mak+ an equitable & proportional        
division to ! weak2--:]e ! weak wi%es to
 conqu] at any price1 t he may tyrannize
 9 8 turn2--:]e ! ri* wi%es to acquire &
 conc5trate ! greate/ possible am\nt (  
weal?1 to enjoy x alone1 & ev5 )\t      
circulat+ x 9 "w1 9 wages1 9 assi/ance1 
9 b5evol5ce1 9 good de$s to 8           
bro!rs2--:]e ! poor wi%es to dispossess 
viol5tly & unju/ly ^? :o possess m ?an  

himself1 in/ead ( recogniz+ t div]sity (
 *ances1 ( conditions1 ( pr(essions1 (  
=tunes1 ( :i* human life is             
compos$1--in/ead ( acquir+ prosp]ity = 8
 family1 9 8 turn & degree1 by ef=t1 by 
ord]1 by labor1 by economy1 by !        
assi/ance ( borr[$ capital1 by ! law (  
inh]itance1 by ! free transf] ( real    
e/ate1 by free entrance into diff]5t    
call+s & trades1 by free competition 9 !
 money m>ket2--:]e ea* class ( citiz5s  
decl>es itself an enemy to e o!r1 &     
heaps ^u ea* o!r all mann] ( evil1      
in/ead ( do+ all ! good 9 its p[]1 &    
unit+ 9 ! holy h>mony ( social          
unity2--:]e ea* individual draws ar\nd  
him1 = himself alone1 ! common mantle1  
will+ to te> x 9 pieces = himself1 & ?us
 leave ! :ole _w nak$1--d y n und]/&1 ,i
 say1 t su* a ,p1 hav+ no ,god b its    
selfi%ness1 no judge b int]e/1 no       
consci5ce b cupidity1 w fall1 9 a %ort  
"t1 into complete de/ruction1 &1 be+    
incapable ( a ,republican gov]nm5t1     
because x ca/s aside ! gov]nm5t ( ,god  

himself1 w ru% headlong into ! gov]nm5t 
( ! brute3 ! gov]nm5t ( ! /ronge/1 !    
despotism ( ! sword1 ! div9ity ( !      
cannon1--t la/ resort ( an>*y1 :i* is at
 once ! rem$y & ! dea? ( nations )\t    
,god6  ,n[ has n ?is weak5+ ( ! s5tim5t 
( ,god 9 ! s\l ( ! ,p be51 f ye> to ye>1
 f c5tury to c5tury1 inde$1 ,i might    
say1 ! mo/ disc\rag+ & ?reat5+ symptom1 
9 ! eyes ( ^? :o desire ! progress ( _! 
race1 :o aspire to ! moral p]fection ( !
 human _s1 :o hope 9 ,republican        
in/itutions1 :o love ! ,p1 :o wi% to    
cultivate _! reason1 :o desire t ! ,p   
%\ld und]/& !mselves1 respect !mselves1 
&1 f9ally1 by _! enlight5m5t1 _!        
consci5ti\sness1 _! mod]ation & virtue1 
give ! lie to ^? :o decl>e !m 9 a /ate (
 p]petual infancy1 p]petual madness1 or 
p]petual weakness8  ,yes1 ?is is b too  
true3 m5 h be5 blott+ out ,god1 = a     
c5tury pa/1 f ! s\ls ( ! ,p1 & m        
especially 9 latt] ye>s4 ,! masses h be5
 driv5 to ,a!ism1 !y h be5 driv5 on e   
side & by e h&4  ,sometimes1 by         

blasphemies1 su* z 7 nev] he>d ^u ! e>?1
 until an insult to ! ,creator became a 
means ( popul>ity among ,8 creatures2   
blasphemies :i* w\ld h d>k5$ ! sun &    
ext+ui%$ ! />s1 if ,god _h n comm&$ ,8  
creation to pass unnotic$ ! revolt ( a  
bl9d & fooli% insect aga9/ ,inf9ity1 &  
refus$ ,himself to s9k to ! fooli%ness (
 av5g+ impiety6 ,read ^? l9es :i* ,i d>e
 n write1 ^? l9es :]e an apo/le ( ,a!ism
 effaces ! "n ( ,god f ! beautiful      
creation & endeavors to sub/itute 8 own6
 99 99 99     ,,viii4   ,sometimes !    
masses h be5 driv5 to ,a!ism by sci5ce4 
,!re are "s geomet]s great 9 p>adox1 m5 
:o1 ( all ! s5ses t ! ,creator has giv5 
to 8 creatures1 h cultivat$ only "o1 !  
s5se ( t\*1--leav+ out entirely t *ief  
s5se1 :i* connects & confirms all       
o!rs1--! s5se ( ! invisible1 ! moral    
s5se4 ,^! savans1 geomet]s1 physicians1 
ari?meticians1 ma!maticians1 *emi/s1    
a/ronom]s1 measur]s ( di/ances1         
calculators ( numb]s1 h e>ly acquir$ !  
habit ( believ+ only 9 ! tangible4 ,^!  

are ! be+s :o1 s to speak1 live & ?9k 9 
! d>k2 all1 :i* is n palpable1 does n   
exi/ = !m4 ,!y measure ! e>?1 & say1 ,we
 h n met ,god 9 any league ( its        
surface6 ,!y heat ! alembic1 & say1 ,we 
h n p]ceiv$ ,god 9 ! smoke ( any ( our  
exp]im5ts6 ,!y dissect dead bodies1 &   
say1 ,we h n f\nd ,god1 or ?\ght1 9 any 
bundle ( muscles or n]ves 9 our         
dissection6 ,!y calculate columns (     
figures1 long z ! firmam5t1 & say1 ,we h
 n se5 ,god 9 ! sum ( any ( our         
additions6 ,!y pi]ce1 ) eye & glass1    
into ! dazzl+ my/]ies ( night1 to       
discov]1 across ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( leagues1
 ! gr\ps & ! evolutions ( ! cele/ial    
worlds1 & say1 ,we h n discov]$ ,god at 
! end ( our telescopes6 ,! exi/5ce (    
,god does n conc]n u2 x is no affair (  
ours6--,madm56 ,!y d n suspect t ! k &  
adoration ( ,god are1 at bottom1 ! only 
bus9ess ( ! creature2 & t all ^!        
di/ances1 ^! globes1 ^! numb]s1 ^!      
my/]ies ( ! liv+ be+1 ?is dissect$      
me*anism ( ! dead1 ^! compositions &    

decompositions ( comb9$ elem5ts1 ^! ho/s
 ( />s1 & ^! et]nal evolutions ( suns   
ar\nd ! div9e h& :i* guides !m1 h no o!r
 reason = exi/5ce1 = movem5t1 & =       
duration1 ?an to compel ! ackn[l$gm5t1  
fe>1 admiration1 & adoration ( ,god1 by 
t supreme s5se1 t s5se sup]ior to all   
o!r s5ses1 t s5se impond]able &         
impalpable1 invisible yet behold+ all   
?+s1--t s5se :i* we call intellig5ce6   
,alas6 x is n t ,god has d5i$ ?is s5se  
to ^! m5 ( figures1 ( sci5ce1 &         
calculation2 b !y h bl9d$ !mselves1 !y h
 cultivat$ ! o!r s5ses s mu*1 t !y h    
weak5$ ?is4 ,!y h believ$ too mu* 9     
matt]1 & s !y h lo/ ! eye ( ! _s4 ,^!   
m51 we are told1 h made great progress 9
 exp]im5tal sci5ce1 b !y h made good1   
evil1 to ! ,p1 by say+ to !m1 ,we1 :o   
are s high1 we _c see ,god6--bl9d m56   
:at d y see1 !n8     ,,ix4   ,besides ^!
 m51 !re is /ill ano!r class1--inv5tors 
( ano!r sci5ce1 :i* !y call ,political  
,economy4 ,?is is ! class ( ,economi/s4 
,i d n1 inde$1 speak ( all ( !m3 !re are

 among !m "s :o are z spiritual z       
,f5elon1 & ^! are1 p]haps1 at ?is day1 !
 great] numb]4 ,i speak only ( ^? :o1   
consid]+ ?is _w alone1 h be5 driv51     
volunt>ily or involunt>ily1 to ,a!ism 9 
ano!r way4 ,leav+ ! et]nal & fa/idi\s   
metaphysical & religions disputes 9 :i* 
! !ologians ( pa/ c5turies wa/$ ! "t1 ! 
good s5se1 & ! blood ( m51 to honor _!  
pret5d$ ,god by immolat+ to ,him !      
enemies ( _! fai?1 ^! false economi/s h 
said to gov]nm5ts & p1 ,leave all ?is2  
!re is only "o sci5ce :i* is good = any 
?+3 x is ! sci5ce ( ,weal?4 ,all else is
 vanity & vexation ( _s4 ,?is is ! fam\s
 cry1 ! cry ( a mat]iali/ic             
society3--,gr[ ri*6 ,! economi/s ( ?is  
s*ool1 n[ highly enlight5$1 legitimate  
*ildr5 ( ! mat]iali/s ( ! ,eighte5?     
,c5tury1 see 9 humanity1 only matt] & ! 
?+s t belong to matt]2 9 m51 only       
consum]s & produc]s2 9 ! social         
functions1 only labor ( ! h&s3--to      
labor1 to s[1 to reap1 to hew1 to build1
 to =ge1 to weave1 to b>t]1 to ex*ange1 

to sell1 to buy1 to acquire1 to         
beget1--?is is1 accord+ to ^! disciples 
( ,mal?us1 ! :ole ( man6 ,^! are !      
,lycurguses & ! ,moseses1 ! legislators 
( a trad+ ,p3 ! moral1 intellectual1    
spiritual1 religi\s man does n exi/ =   
!m4 ,!y love lib]ty1 n because x        
ennobles human nature2 ex]cises free w1 
! mo/ sublime ( man's vital functions2  
cultivates 8 highe/ faculty1--consci5ce2
 purifies religion1 ! fundam5tal idea ( 
mank9d1 f ! sup]/itions t debase &      
di%onor x2 sanctifies human society1 by 
lead+ x to ! k & wor%ip ( ,god2--!y love
 x because x aboli%es ,cu/om ,h\se      
duties6 ,all legislation1 all           
civilization1 all religion1 is r$uc$ by 
!m to a well-balanc$ acc\nt6 ,to h & to 
owe1 ^! are ! only two words 9 _!       
language6 ,:at matt] to !m ! _s1 ! s\l1 
virtue1 s5tim5t8--,:at ! moral & consol+
 beliefs1 ! div9e hopes1 ! sup]natural  
c]ta9ties1 reveal$ or prov$1 or !       
immortal de/9y1 ( man8--,:at ! pres5t   
intellectual life1 & ! future immat]ial 

life ( ^! h>ve/s ( human g5]ations1 :i* 
,god s[s t !y may be> fruit 9 8 "n1 may 
adore 8 gr&eur1--:i* ,dea? cuts d[n to  
be> !m1 ripe 9 fai? & virtue1 up to     
,heav58 ,all ?is c nei!r be b\ght nor   
sold2 all ?is has nei!r /at$ price nor  
net rev5ue2 all ?is is n curr5t on !    
,ex*ange1--!re=e x is no?+6  ,?us ^! m5 
c\nt = no?+ ! =ms ( wor%ip & ! =ms (    
gov]nm5t4 ,!y are nei!r foll[]s (       
,brama1 ( ,confucius1 ( ,mahomet1 (     
,plato1 or ( ,r\sseau2 nei!r absolute   
mon>*i/s1 con/itutional royali/s1 nor   
republicans4 ,!y are ( ! politics1 & ( !
 religion1 9 :i* !y c manufacture mo/1  
buy & sell easie/1 trade ! be/1 multiply
 fa/e/6 ,_! civilization is traffic2 _! 
,god is ! doll>6 ,?is sect1 useful 9    
adm9i/]+ intellig5tly ! affairs (       
comm]ce1 has be5 a %ad[ ov] intellectual
 civilization2 = x has =gott5 heav5ly   
?+s1 &1 9 =gett+ !m1 has contribut$ to  
make ! ,p also =get !m4     ,x4   ,b t  
,p :i* =gets ,god1 =gets itself4 ,:at "r
 has x to be a ,p1 if x h n its orig9 & 

hope 9 ,him8 ,h[ c ! m5 ( any nation    
expect tyrants to rememb] & respect its 
de/9y1 if !y !mselves debase ?is de/9y  
to t ( a ma*9e ) t5 f+]s1 de/9$ to weave
 ! greate/ possible numb] ( y>ds ( clo? 
9 sev5ty ye>s1 to p z _m hundr$ acres z 
possible ) creatures z mu* to be piti$ &
 z mis]able z !mselves1 & to s]ve1 f    
g5]ation to g5]ation1 z human manure = !
 l&1 to f]tilize ! soil ( _! bir?1 _!   
life1 & _! graves8 ,h[ c ! moral        
spiritualism ( a ,p long resi/ su*      
!ories8 ,:]e c !y f9d ,god 9 ?is work%op
 ( matt]8     ,,xi4   ,b ev5 ?is is     
no?+4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution came 9 #aghi4
 ,x came to put an end to a d\ble       
philosophy1--! spiritual philosophy (   
,r\sseau's s*ool1 f\nd$ 9 reason &      
religion1 ! mat]ial philosophy ( ! s*ool
 ( ,helvetius1 ,did]ot1 & _! disciples1 
a!i/ic & cynical4 ,! ?\ght ( ! fir/ ( ^!
 philosophies 0 religi\s at bottom4 ,x  
consi/$ m]ely 9 free+ ! lum9\s idea (   
,god f ! %ad[s by :i* ignorance1        
intol]ance1 ! inquisition ( temporal    

dyna/ies & times ( b>b>ism _h falsifi$  
x1--9 free+ ?is idea1 debas$ z x        
01--obscur$1 & en*a9$ to ?rones1--s z to
 re/ore reason to its lib]ty1 to        
inquiry1 to ! free consci5ce ( e wor%ip 
& ( e s\l2 to revive x 9 ! eyes ( ! ,p1 
by lead+ !m to ! broad light ( day1 !   
evid5ce ( nature1 ! dignity & efficacy (
 free wor%ip4  ,b1 = ?is1 x 0 necess>y  
to dispossess ! ,middle ,ages ( _!      
temporal p[]1 ( _! mort-ma9 possessions1
 ( _! civil jurisdictions1 ( _!         
exclusive privileges1 ( _! legal        
intol]ance aga9/ all o!r div9e ?\ghts1 &
 all o!r individual or national fai?1   
all o!r =ms ( adoration & wor%ip ?an :at
 7 impos$ by ! exclusive & e/abli%$     
religion4 ,to rally ! p to ?is "w1 a "w 
legitimate 9 itself1 a "w :i* ! abuses (
 a crafty prie/hood _h made necess>y1   
sev5 times1 & ^: accompli%m5t !y _h sev5
 times p>tially & gradually und]tak51   
s9ce ! "t ( ,*>lemagne1--! philosoph]s (
 ! second s*ool1 ! irreligi\s s*ool1 !  
a!i/ic s*ool1 ( ,did]ot & ,helvetius1   

drove ! masses f /upidity ev5 to        
impiety1 & ! demagogues ( '#ic =c$ !m f 
impiety to ,a!ism1 & f ,a!ism to blood4 
,demagogues1 ^? poison]s ( lib]ty1      
corrupt e revolution 9 :i* !y m+le2 !y  
defile e ?+ t !y t\*2 !y di%onor e tru? 
:i* !y pr(ess1 by pollut+ or p]v]t+ x4  
,! age & philosophy1 ,heav5 & e>?1      
desire :at we too desire1--fre$om (     
consci5ce1 volunt>y wor%ip1--lib]ty ( ! 
human m9d 9 matt]s ( fai?1--! frat]nity 
( alt>s1 invok+1 ea* 9 its own language1
 t ,god :om ! :ole e>? is spell+ out1 & 
:o reveals1 f age to age1 /ill ano!r    
lett] ( ,8 div9e "n4  ,in/ead ( ?is1    
,a!i/s & demagogues unit$ to p]secute   
religion1 to rev5ge !mselves = ! old    
p]secutions ( ! prie/hood4 ,!y pr(an$ ! 
temples1 violat$ consci5ce1 blasphem$ ! 
,god ( ! fai?ful1 p>odi$ ! c]emonies1   
ca/ to ! w9ds ! pi\s symbols ( wor%ip1 &
 p]secut$ ! m9i/]s ( religion4  ,9 ! "n 
( ! ,revolution1 & "u ! m5ace ( t]ror1  
!y dragg$ ! ,p to ^! ,saturnalia4 ,!y   
corrupt$ ! eyes1 ! h&s1 ! m9ds1 ! s\ls (

 ! populace4 ,^! viol5ces to ! alt> 7   
ca/ back on ! religi\s idea itself4 ,!  
,p1 see+ ! temple fall1 believ$ t ,heav5
 itself crumbl$2 & t1 foll[+ ! pr(an$   
image ( a vani%+ wor%ip1 ,god himself   
w\ld vani% f ! _w1 ) consci5ce1 !       
sup]natural law1 ! unwritt5 moral law1 !
 s\l & ! immortality ( ! human race6    
,:5 ! ignorant ,p no long] saw ,god     
betwe5 !m & annihilation1 !y plung$ into
 ! b\ndless & bottomless abyss ( ,a!ism1
 !y lo/ _! div9e s5se1 !y became brutal 
z ! animal1 :o sees 9 ! e>? only a      
pa/ure gr\nd1 in/ead ( ! foot/ool (     
,jehovah4  ,b ^! irreligi\s abom9ations1
 & ^! ,saturnalia ( ,a!ism1 h[ev] mu*   
injury !y inflict$ on ! religi\s _s ( ! 
,p1 did n effect s mu*1 p]haps1 z !     
reign :i* foll[$ ?is an>*y1 ! reign (   
,bonap>te1 ! s-call$ re/or] ( wor%ip4 ,&
 h[8     ,,xii4   ,! ,republic _h pass$ 
its p>oxysm ( fev]1 ( demagoguical      
madness1 ( p]secution4 ,! ,directory _h 
f9ally conc5trat$ & regulat$ !          
republican p[]4 ,?is gov]nm5t 0 compos$ 

( m51 naturally mod]ate & tol]ant1 or   
made s by ! exp]i5ce & ! lassitude (    
an>*y2 ! mod]ate pr9ciples ( !          
,revolution ( #aghi1 & ( ! con/itut$    
,assembly1 rega9$ _! level1 ?anks to a  
natural reaction1 limit$ by good s5se1 z
 happ5s aft] e revolution t ov]%oots its
 m>k4 ,! prie/s (ficiat$1 )\t ob/acle1 9
 ! temples re/or$ by ! municipalities to
 ! fai?ful1 religion 0 entirely free1   
ev5 favor$ by public respect1 & by t c>e
 = good morals :i* all s]i\s gov]nm5ts  
feel4 ,fai?1 tak+ refuge 9 m5's         
consci5ces1 01 moreov]1 m s9c]e & m     
active1 because x 0 nei!r con/ra9$1 nor 
favor$1 nor alt]$1 nor pr(an$ by ! h& ( 
gov]nm5t4  ,?is 01 p]haps1 ! mom5t :5   
!re 0 ! mo/ religion 9 ,france1--= ?is 0
 ! mom5t :51 aft] hav+ _h its m>tyrs1 ! 
religi\s s5tim5t _h a life 9 itself1 &  
ow$ no?+ to ! p>tial & int]e/$          
protection ( ! p[]s ( ! ,/ate4 ,=1 !    
less ! ,/ate imposes ^u y a ,god ( its  
own fa%ion1 or its own *oice1 ! m does  
y\r consci5ce rise1 & ! m does x atta*  

itself to ! ,god ( y\r own reason1 or   
y\r own fai?6  ,bonap>te1 ^: g5ius 0    
entirely milit>y1 b :o1 9 affairs (     
moral1 civil1 & religi\s gov]nm5t1 made 
x a matt] ( policy to contradict &      
ext+ui% all ! tru?s ( ! ,revolution1    
ha/5$ to *ange all ?is4 ,he wi%$ to     
p>ody ,*>lemagne4  ,*>lemagne _h be5 !  
philosoph] & revolution>y organiz] ( 8  
"t2 ,*>lemagne _h b\nd toge!r !         
spiritual & temporal1 cr[n+ ! ,pontiff t
 he might be cr[n$ by him 9 turn4       
,bonap>te desir$ a ,/ate religion1 an   
agreem5t 9 :i* religion & ! empire %\ld 
mutually engage & mutually *eck ea* o!r2
 a ,pope to subdue1 to c>ess1 to drive  
away1 to recall1 to p]secute1 by turns2 
a coronation by ! h& ( an enslav$ ,*ur*2
 !n a ,*ur* to *a/ise1 :5 x did n       
obey2--9 "o ^w1 all t %ameful & sc&al\s 
simony ( anci5t times1 :5 ! temporal p[]
 play$1 9 ! sight ( ! nations1 ) ! idea 
& "n ( ,god1 9 a mann] z contemptu\s z x
 0 odi\s4  ,! ,p1 :o saw cle>ly ?r\gh   
?is intrigue ( an indiff]5t             

sov]eign1--an ,a!i/ at ,t\lon1 a crafty 
politician at ,m>5go1 a ,mussulman 9    
,egypt1 a p]secutor at ,rome1 an        
oppressor at ,savona1 a s*ismatic at    
,fonta9bleau1 a sa9t at ,notre ,dame de 
,p>is1--protector ( religion & pr(an] ( 
consci5ces by turns1--felt _! belief    
%ak5 anew4 ,!y ask$ !mselves1 ,:at !n is
 ,god = u1 poor s\ls1 s9ce ,god is su*  
an in/rum5t ( p[] = great m51 & su* a   
police ma*9e = gov]nm5ts8 ,scorn ?rew !m
 back into ,a!ism4 ,?is 0 natural4      
,,xiii4   ,?is sy/em 0 cont9u$1 ) m     
s9c]ity on ! "p ( gov]nm5t1 "u ! dyna/y 
( ! ,re/oration4 ,b ! int]e/$ favors ( !
 ,c\rt1 = ! high] cl]gy ( a p>ticul>    
wor%ip1 irritat$ ! m9ds ( ! populace    
aga9/ ! prie/hood4  ,! m x lavi%$ p[] & 
human dignities ^u prie/ly sup]iors1 ! m
 ! m9d ( ! ,p turn$ f ! religi\s        
s5tim5t4 ,ea* favor ( royal au?ority to 
! privileg$ ,*ur* ca/ ?\s&s ( s\ls into 
,a!ism4  ,! ,revolution ( ,july         
suppress$ ! religion ( ! ,/ate3 x 0 a   
progress t[>ds ! religion ( consci5ce4  

,b x favor$ ! religion ( ! majority2 x  
/ill lean$ t[>ds ! supremacy ( numb]s 9 
matt]s ( fai?4 ,h[ev]1 f ! mom5t ! ,/ate
 religion 0 suppress$1 ! religion (     
consci5ce ga9$ gr\nd 9 m5's he>ts4 ,f   
#ahcj to ?is day1 e intellig5t obs]v]   
gladly ackn[l$ges an imm5se progress 9 !
 religi\s s5tim5t 9 ,france4--,:y8      
,because ! suppression ( ! (ficial      
religion ( ! ,/ate 0 a progress 9 !     
lib]ty ( consci5ce1 & all progress 9    
lib]ty ( consci5ce is a progress ( human
 ?\ght t[>d ! idea ( ,god4 ,g f>!r /ill1
 & complete lib]ty w de/roy ,a!ism 9 !  
,p6  ,b ! evil done 0 imm5se4 ,!        
cynicism ( ,did]ot1 mat]ialism1         
scepticism1 revolution>y impiety1 !     
false & hypocritical piety ( ! empire1 !
 concordat1 ! re/oration ( an imp]ial   
religion1 & ( an (ficial & dyna/ic ,god 
by ,napoleon1 ! t5d5cy ( ! two ,b\rbon  
reigns to recon/ruct a political *ur*1  
ev]la/+ly end[$ ) a monopoly ( goods & (
 s\ls1--&1 f9ally1 ! indu/rialism ( !   
reign ( ,l\is ,philippe1 turn+ e ?\ght  

to trade1 to manual labor1 to worldly   
weal?1 & mak+ gold ! true & only ,god ( 
! c5tury2--all ?is has borne its fruits4
  ,look at ^! fruits at ! pres5t day1 & 
say1 if practical ,a!ism does n dev\r ! 
s\ls ( ?is ,p4 ,b let u proce$4         
,,xiv4   ,= eighte5 ye>s1 new sects1 or1
 r1 po/hum\s sects1 h disput$ = ! s\l ( 
! ,p1 "u ! names ( ,f\ri]ism1 (         
,pan!ism1 ( ,communism1 ( ,indu/rialism1
 ( ,economism1 &1 f9ally1 ( ,t]rorism4  
,look at !m1 li/5 to !m1 read !m1       
analyze !m1 sift !m1 h&le !m2 & say1 if1
 ) ! exception ( a vague deify+ ( e     
?+1--t is to say1 ( no?+1 by !          
,f\ri]ites1--!re is a s+le "o ( ^!      
philosophical1 social1 or political     
sects1 :i* is n f\nd$ on ! mo/ evid5t   
practical ,a!ism2 :i* has n matt] = a   
,god2 mat]ial enjoym5ts = morality2     
exclusive satisfaction ( ! s5ses = an   
end2 purely s5sual gratifications = a   
p>adise2 ?is _w = ! sole sc5e ( exi/5ce2
 ! body = ! only condition ( be+2 !     
prolong+ ( life a few m ye>s = its only 

hope2 a %>p5+ ( ! s5ses to mat]ial      
appetites = a p]spective2 dea? = ! end (
 all ?+s2 aft] dea?1 an assimilation ) !
 du/ ( ! e>? = a future2 annihilation = 
ju/ice1 = rew>d1 & = immortality6  ,no1 
!re has n be5 s9ce #ahcj1 !re has n be5 
s9ce ! ,revolution1 !re is n at ?is     
mom5t1 "o ( ^! s*ools ( pret5d$ apo/les1
 prophets ( ! future1 & saviors ( !     
pres5t1 :i* is n ,mat]ialism 9 action4  
,x is ! deadly se$ ( ! c5tury (         
,helvetius1 produc+ its poisons 9 !     
dregs ( ano!r c5tury4 ,x is man1 depriv$
 ( 8 spiritual & immortal s5se1 r$uc$ to
 a solid measure ( organiz$ matt]1 &    
seek+1 n virtue1 t key to 8 future      
de/9y1 9 8 s\l2 b1 9 8 s5ses1 m]e       
enjoym5t1 t end ( ! brute1 :o only      
believes 9 :at he c eat & dr9k4         
,,xv4   ,analyze ) me1 if y are n       
ov]:elm$ ) humiliation1 ! five or six   
,revelations ( ! latt] days2 & ask      
y\rselves1 z ,i h (t5 ask$ myself1 :ile 
li/5+ to !m1 if ^! reveal]s ( pret5d$   
human felicity d inde$ address !mselves 

to m51 or to h]ds ( fatt$ cattle6 ,& are
 !y a/oni%$ t ! intellectual _w resi/s  
!m8 ,d !y compla9 t ! ignorant are _!   
only disciples8 ,are !y indignant t !   
ideas !y attempt to spread1 creep1 l    
fetid mi/s1 along ! abysses ( society1 &
 excite1 in/ead ( en?usiasm1 only !     
fanaticism ( hung] & ?ir/8 ,i c well    
believe x6 ,:at ,p is !re :o w\ld become
 fanatics1 only = _! own de/ruction2    
r5\nce _! moral nature1 _! div9e s\ls1  
_! immortal de/9ies1 only = a morsel ( m
 savory bread ^u _! table1 = a l>g]     
portion ( e>? "u _! feet8 ,no6 no6      
en?usiasm so>s al(t1 x does n fall to   
e>?4 ,be> me up to ,heav51 if y wi% to  
dazzle my eyes2 promise me immortality1 
if y w\ld (f] to my s\l a motive wor?y (
 its nature1 an aim wor?y ( its ef=ts1 a
 price wor?y ( its virtue6 ,b :at d y\r 
sy/ems ( a!i/ic society %[ u 9          
p]spective8 ,:at d !y promise u 9       
comp5sation = our griefs8 ,:at d !y give
 u 9 ex*ange = our s\ls8 ,y "k1--we w n 
speak ( x4  ,b1 inde$1 if ^! sects      

survive ! mon? :i* sees & :i* produces  
!m2 &1 if ^! que/ions :i* !y debate1 &  
^! sy/ems :i* !y br+ be=e ! a/oni%$ ,p1 
are de/9$ to s]ve z enigmas to po/]ity2 
:at w ! future say ( u8 ,x w only expla9
 ! ,mat]ialism1 ,a!ism1 & brutality ( ! 
doctr9es & sects by :i* we h be5 di/urb$
 = t5 or twelve ye>s1 z ! nightm>e ( a  
/>v+ ,p1 ^: dreams h1 = an object1 only 
a frantic satisfaction ( ! s5ses4 ,all  
^! philosophies1 or all ^! deliriums1   
are ! deliriums or philosophies ( !     
/oma*6 ,all ?is epo*1 future hi/orians w
 say1 ! ,fr5* mu/ h be5 a nation        
di/ress$ by a t]rible fam9e1 to h       
=gott51 9 s total an eclipse ( !        
intellectual nature1 ! great & immortal 
ideas :i* h alone inspir$ ev5 ^!1 !     
human race1 & r5d]$ ! revolutions ( ! ,p
 wor?y ( ! reg>d ( po/]ity1 & ( ! blood 
( man4 ,! ,eighte5? ,c5tury mu/ h be5 a 
"t :5 av>ici\s ,nature %ut up h] bosom1 
& ! e>? br\ght =? nei!r fruit nor       
h>ve/s1 t ?is great intellectual ,p1    
=m]ly call$ ! ,fr5* ,p1 %\ld h =gott5 _!

 s\ls = a morsel ( bread1 _! immortality
 = an income1 & _! ,god = a doll>6 ,let 
u turn away our eyes & weep ov] t age4  
,,xvi4   ,see :]e we 7 :5 ! ,republic   
arose3 happy 0 x t ! ,p _h at bottom m (
 ! true s5tim5t ( ,god ?an ^! ma/]s &   
heads ( sects4 ,=1 :at w\ld h become (  
u1 if1 9 t total eclipse ( gov]nm5t1 (  
arm$ =ce1 & ( law1 :i* foll[$ ! #bd? (  
,febru>y1 ! ,p1 ma/]s ( all1 ( ! =tunes 
& lives ( ! citiz5s1 ( ,heav5 & e>?1 _h 
be5 a ,p ( ,mat]iali/s1 ( ,t]rori/s1 & (
 ,a!i/s8 ,! ,revolution w\ld h be5 a    
pillage1 ! ,republic a scaffold1 !      
dyna/y ( ! ,p a deluge ( blood4 ,b !re 0
 no su* ?+4 ,god 0 !re4 ,he reveal$     
,himself 9 ! multitude2 ,mat]ialism     
disappe>$ 9 en?usiasm1 :i* always       
exhibits ! div9ity ( ! human he>t4  ,we 
he>d b "o cry1--,honor to ,god6 ,respect
 = ! alt>s6 ,lib]ty to _! m9i/]s6       
,self-d5ial1 h>mony1 protection to !    
weak1 inviolability ( prop]ty1 assi/ance
 to ! mis]able6 ,yes1--on ! fir/ day1 & 
dur+ ! :ole "t t ! ,p 0 alone & burn+ ) 

excitem5t1 x 0 religi\s6 ,x 0 n until   
aft] ! cool+ ( ?is en?usiasm t !        
mat]iali/ic sects1 :o wait$ _!          
opportunity af> (f1 & :o n[ torm5t ! ,p1
 d>$ to (f] _! s5sual symbols1 & to set 
up ,capital & ,int]e/1 ! organization ( 
labor1 ! increase ( wages1 & equality ( 
conditions 9 ?is human mang]1 z ! sole  
,div9ities1--d>$ to infuse envy aga9/ ! 
happy1 ! brea? ( hatr$ z ! only         
consolation to ! he>ts ( ! mis]able1    
lightn+ v5geance aga9/ ! wrongs (       
,provid5ce1 imprecations aga9/ society1 
blasphemies aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 !   
enjoym5ts & be/ialities ( ! corporeal   
nature1 pur*as$ by complete =getfulness 
( ! moral nature1 & enjoy$ 9 a debau* ( 
ideas1 & 9 a deification ( matt]4  ,?is 
_c la/2 ! ,p w n all[ !mselves to be    
*ang$ into hogs by ! ,circes ( ,a!ism4  
,_! s\ls w fla% indignation aga9/ _!    
trans=m]s4 ,a day w come :5 !y w see t  
!y are impov]i%$ "u ! pretext ( be+     
enri*$2 t1 :5 !y are robb$ ( _! s\ls & (
 ,god1 bo? _! titles to lib]ty are /ol5 

f !m4 ,a!ism & ,republicanism are two   
words :i* exclude ea* o!r4 ,absolutism  
may ?rive )\t a ,god1 = x ne$s only     
slaves4 ,republicanism _c exi/ )\t a    
,god1 = x mu/ h citiz5s4 ,& :at is x t  
makes citiz5s8 ,two ?+s1--! s5tim5t ( _!
 rights1 & ! s5tim5t ( _! duties z a    
republican ,p4 ,:]e are y\r rights1 if y
 h n a common ,fa!r 9 ,heav58 ,:]e are  
y\r duties1 if y h n a ,judge betwe5 y\r
 bro!rs & y8 ,republicanism draws y 9   
bo? ^! ways to ,god4     ,,xvii4   ,?us1
 look at e free ,p1 f ! m\nta9s (       
,helvetia to ! =e/s ( ,am]ica2 see ev5 !
 free ,briti% nation1 :]e ! ,ari/ocracy 
is only ! head ( lib]ty1 :]e !          
,ari/ocracy & ,democracy mutually       
respect ea* o!r1 & balance ea* o!r by an
 ex*ange ( k9dnesses & s]vices :i*      
sanctify society :ile =tify+ x4 ,a!ism  
has fl$ be=e lib]ty3 9 proportion z     
despotism has rec$$1 ! div9e idea has   
advanc$ 9 ! s\ls ( m54 ,lib]ty lives by 
morality4 ,:at is morality )\t a ,god8  
,:at is a law )\t a lawgiv]8  ,i "k     

well1 & ,i %all give y ! reason h]eaft]2
 ,i "k well1 & ,i m\rn to ?9k ( x1 t1   
ev5 up to ! pres5t "t1 ! ,fr5* ,p h be5 
! lea/ religi\s ,p 9 ,europe4  ,is ?is  
because ! intellig5ce ( ,france has n t 
=ce1 & t sev]ity1 :i* are ne$$ to c>ry  
long en\gh & f> en\gh ! idea ( ,god1--! 
greate/ idea ( ! human s\l2--t idea1 z x
 comes f all ! evid5ces ( nature1 & all 
! dep?s ( reflection1 be+ ! mo/ p[]ful &
 ! mo/ grave ( human intellig5ce1--& !  
intellig5ce ( ,france be+ ! mo/         
sup]ficial1 ! mo/ light1 & ! lea/       
reflect+ ( ! ,european races8  ,is x    
because our gov]nm5ts h always be5 *>g$ 
) ?9k+1 believ+1 & pray+1 = u8  ,is x t 
!y h always giv5 u gods ( ! ,c\rt1      
wor%ip accord+ to ,etiquette1 &         
religions ( ,/ate1 in/ead ( lett+ u =m1 
make1 & practise our fai? = ourselves1  
by reason1 by free-w1 by volunt>y piety1
 by association1 by tradition1 by !     
sympa?ies ( ! community1 ( wor%ip1 & ( !
 family8  ,is x because we are1 & always
 h be51 a milit>y ,p1 a nation ( soldi]s

 & adv5tur]s1 l$ by k+s1 h]oes1 ambiti\s
 m51 f battle-field to battle-field1    
mak+ conque/s & n keep+ !m1 ravag+1     
dazzl+1 *>m+1 & corrupt+ ,europe1 & be>+
 ! mann]s1 vices1 bravado1 lightness1 & 
impiety ( ! camp into ! homes ( ! ,p8   
,i d n "k2 b x is c]ta9 t ! nation has  
an imm5se progress to make 9 s]i\s      
?\ght1 if x wi%es to ma9ta9 its lib]ty4 
,if we look at ! comp>ative "*1 9 matt]s
 ( religi\s s5tim5t1 ( ! great nations (
 ,europe1 ,am]ica1 & ev5 ,asia1 !       
advantage is n on our side4 ,:ile !     
great m5 ( o!r nations live & die ^u !  
sc5e ( hi/ory1 look+ t[>ds heav51 our   
great m5 seem to live & die 9 entire    
=getfulness ( ! only idea = :i* life or 
dea? is wor? any ?+2 !y live & die look+
 at ! spectators1 or1 at mo/1 t[>ds     
po/]ity4  ,?us1 ev5 at ! pres5t "t1 :ile
 we h _h ! greate/ m51 o!r nations h _h 
! greate/ citiz5s4 ,x is great citiz5s t
 a ,republic ne$s6     ,,xviii4   ,op5 !
 hi/ory ( ,am]ica1 ! hi/ory ( ,engl&1 & 
! hi/ory ( ,france2 read ! great lives1 

! great dea?s1 ! great suff]+s1 !       
sublime words1 :5 ! rul+ passion ( life 
reveals itself 9 ! la/ mom5ts ( !       
dy+1--& comp>e !m6  ,wa%+ton & ,frankl9 
f\ght1 spoke1 suff]$2 rose & fell1 9 _! 
political life1 f popul>ity to          
+ratitude1 f glory to bitt] scorn ( _!  
citiz5s1--always 9 ! "n ( ,god1 = :om !y
 act$2 & ! lib]ator ( ,am]ica di$1      
committ+ to ! ,div9e protection1 fir/1 !
 lib]ty ( 8 ,p1--&1 aft]w>ds1 8 own s\l 
to ,8 indulg5t judgm5t4  ,/raf=d1 dy+ = 
! con/itution ( 8 c\ntry1 wrote to      
,*>les ,i41 to entreat 8 cons5t to 8    
puni%m5t1 t he might sp>e tr\ble to !   
,/ate3 ,put n y\r tru/1 wrote he1 aft]  
?is cons5t 0 obta9$1 put n y\r tru/ 9   
pr9ces1 or 9 ! son ( man1 because       
salvation is n 9 !m1 b f on high4 ,:ile 
walk+ to ! scaffold1 he /opp$ "u ! w9d[s
 ( 8 fri5d1 ! ,bi%op ( ,london2 he rais$
 8 head t[>ds him1 & ask$1 9 a l\d      
voice1 ! assi/ance ( 8 pray]s 9 !       
t]rible mom5t to :i* he _h come4 ,!     
primate1 b[$ ) age1 & ba!d 9 te>s1 gave1

 9 a /ifl$ voice1 8 t5d] b5$ictions to 8
 unhappy fri5d1 & fell1 )\t             
consci\sness1 into ! arms ( 8 att5dants4
 ,/raf=d cont9u$ 8 way1 su/a9$ by !     
,div9e =ce1 desc5d+ f ?is invocation ^u 
him3 he spoke ) resignation to ! ,p     
assembl$ to see him die4 ,i fe> only "o 
?+1 said he1 & t is1 t ?is effusion (   
innoc5t blood is a bad presage = !      
lib]ty ( my c\ntry6 7,alas6 :y did n !  
,conv5tion recall ^! words among u1 9   
'#ic87 ,/af=d cont9u$3--,n[1 said he1 ,i
 draw ne> my end4 ,"o bl[ w make my wife
 a wid[1 my *ildr5 orphans1 deprive my  
poor s]vants ( an affectionate ma/]1 &  
sep>ate me f my de> bro!r1 & my fri5ds4 
,may ,god be all ( ^!6 ,he disrob$      
himself1 & plac$ 8 head on ! block4 ,i  
give ?anks1 said he1 to my heav5ly ,ma/]
 = help+ me to await ?is bl[ )\t fe>2 = 
n p]mitt+ me to be ca/ d[n = a s+le     
in/ant by t]ror4 ,i repose my head z    
will+ly on ?is block z ,i ev] laid x d[n
 to sleep4 ,?is is fai? 9 ,patriotism6  
,see ,*>les ,i41 9 8 turn1--t model ( a 

k+ly dea?4 ,at ! mom5t t he 0 to receive
 ! bl[ ( ! axe1 ! edge ( :i* he _h      
coolly exam9$ & t\*$1 he rais$ 8 head1 &
 address$ ! cl]gyman :o 0               
pres5t3--,rememb]6 said he2 z if he _h  
said1 ,rememb] to advise my sons nev] to
 rev5ge _! fa!r6  ,sidney1 ! "y m>tyr ( 
a patriotism1 guilty1 because too ha/y1 
di$ to expiate ! dream ( ! fre$om ( 8   
c\ntry4 ,he said to ! jail]1 ,may my    
blood purify my s\l6 ,i rejoice t ,i die
 innoc5t t[>d ! k+1 b a victim resign$  
to ! ,k+ ( ,heav51 to :om we owe all    
life4  ,! republicans ( ,cromwell s\ght 
only ! way ( ,god1 ev5 9 ! blood (      
battles4 ,_! politics is no?+ b fai?2 _!
 gov]nm5t1 a pray]2 _! dea?1 a holy     
hymn2--!y sang1 l ! ,templ>s1 on _!     
fun]al-pile4 ,we see1 we feel1 we he>   
,god1 above all1 9 ^! revolutions1 9 ^! 
great popul> movem5ts1 & 9 ! s\ls ( !   
great citiz5s ( ^! nations4  ,b recross 
! ,atlantic1 trav]se ! ,*annel1 approa* 
our own "t1 op5 our annals2 & li/5 to ! 
great political actors 9 ! drama ( our  

lib]ty4 ,x w\ld seem z if ,god 0 hidd5 f
 ! s\ls ( m52 z if 8 "n _h nev] be5     
writt5 9 ! language4 ,hi/ory w h ! air (
 be+ a!i/ic1 :ile rec\nt+ to po/]ity ^! 
annihilations1 r ?an dea?s1 ( !         
celebrat$ m5 ( ! greate/ ye>s ( ,france4
 ,! victims alone h a ,god2 ! tribunes &
 lictors h none4  ,see ,mirabeau on 8   
dea?-b$4 ,cr[n me ) fl[]s1 said he1     
intoxicate me ) p]fumes1 let me die ) ! 
s\nd ( delici\s music4 ,n "o ^w ( ,god1 
or ( 8 s\l6 ,a s5sual philosoph]1 he    
asks ( dea? only a supreme s5sualism2 he
 desires to give a la/ pleasure ev5 to  
agony4  ,look at ,madam ,rol&1 t /rong  
woman ( ! ,revolution1--^u ! c> t c>ries
 h] to dea?4 ,%e looks ) scorn ^u !     
/upid ,p1 :o kill _! prophets & _!      
sibyls4 ,n "o glance to ,heav52 only an 
exclamation = ! e>? %e leaves3--,o1     
,lib]ty6  ,approa* ! prison door ( !    
,girond9es3 _! la/ night is a banquet1 &
 _! la/ hymn is ! ,m>seillaise6  ,foll[ 
,camille ,desm\l9s to puni%m5t3--a cold 
& indec5t pleasantry at ! tribunal2 "o  

long imprecation on ! road to !         
guillot9e2--^? are ! la/ ?\ghts ( ?is   
dy+ man1 ab\t to appe> on high6  ,li/5  
to ,danton1 ^u ! plat=m ( ! scaffold1 "o
 /ep f ,god & immortality3--,i h enjoy$ 
mu*2 let me g to sleep1 he says2--!n1 to
 ! execution]1 ,y w %[ my head to ! ,p2 
x is wor? :ile6 ,annihilation = a       
confession ( fai?2 vanity = 8 la/ sigh3 
su* is ! ,fr5*man ( ^! latt] days6  ,:at
 d y ?9k ( ! religi\s s5tim5t ( a free  
,p1 ^: great *>act]s seem to walk ?us 9 
procession to annihilation2 & die1 )\t  
ev5 dea?1 t t]rible m9i/]1 recall+ to _!
 m9ds ! fe> or ! promises ( ,god8  ,?us 
! ,republic1--:i* _h no future1--re>$ by
 ^! m51 & m]e p>ties1 0 quickly ov]?r[n 
9 blood4 ,lib]ty1 a*iev$ by s mu* h]oism
 & g5ius1 did n f9d 9 ,france a         
consci5ce to %elt] x1 a ,god to av5ge x1
 a ,p to def5d x1 aga9/ t o!r ,a!ism    
call$ ,glory6 ,all 0 f9i%$ by a soldi]1 
& by ! apo/acy ( republicans trave/i$   
into c\rti]s6 ,& :at c\ld y expect8     
,republican ,a!ism has no reason to be  

h]oic4 ,if x is t]rifi$1 x yields4 ,w\ld
 "o buy x1 x sells itself2 x w\ld be mo/
 fooli% to sacrifice itself4 ,:o w\ld   
m\rn = x8--! ,p are ungrateful1 & ,god  
does n exi/4  ,?us end a!i/ic           
revolutions6     ,,xix4   ,if y wi% t   
?is revolution %\ld n h ! same end1     
bew>e ( abject ,mat]ialism1 degrad+     
,s5sualism1 gross ,socialism1 ( besott$ 
,communism2 ( all ^! doctr9es ( fle% &  
blood1 ( meat & dr9k1 ( hung] & ?ir/1 ( 
wages & traffic1 :i* ^! corruptors ( !  
s\l ( ! ,p prea* to y1 exclusively1 z ! 
sole ?\ght1 ! sole hope1 z ! only duty1 
& only end ( man6 ,!y w soon make y     
slaves ( ease1 s]fs ( y\r desires4  ,are
 y will+ to h inscrib$ on ! tomb ( our  
,fr5* race1 z on t ( ! ,syb>ites1 ?is   
epitaph3 ,?is ,p ate & drank well1 :ile 
!y br[s$ ^u ! e>?8 ,no6 ,y desire t     
,hi/ory %\ld write ?us3 ,?is ,p wor%ipp$
 well1 s]v$ ,god & humanity well1--9    
?\ght1 9 philosophy1 9 religion1 9      
lit]ature1 9 arts1 9 arms1 9 labor1 9   
lib]ty1 9 _! ,ari/ocracies1 9 _!        

,democracies1 9 _! ,mon>*ies1 & _!      
,republics6 ,?is nation 0 ! spiritual   
labor]1 ! conqu]or ( tru?2 ! disciple ( 
! highe/ ,god1 9 all ! ways (           
civilization1--&1 to approa* ne>] to    
him1 x inv5t$ ! ,republic1 t gov]nm5t ( 
duties & ( rights1 t rule (             
spiritualism1 :i* f9ds 9 ideas its only 
sov]eignty4  ,seek ,god1 !n4 ,?is is y\r
 nature & y\r gr&eur4 ,& d n seek ,him 9
 ^! ,mat]ialisms6 ,= ,god is n bel[1--he
 is on high6                            
,,lam>t9e1                              
,repres5tative ( ! ,p4   ,,! ,,end4     
,transcrib]'s ,note  ,?is text uses "s  
v>iant spell+--= example1 p>tizan1      
demagoguical1 apo/acy1 corruptors4 ,?is 
has be5 pres]v$ z pr9t$4  ,! ellipsis 9 
?is text uses a/]isks r ?an dots4  ,on  
page #fb1 ! semicolon foll[+ 'rose' has 
be5 mov$ to foll[ 'suff]$'--444 f\ght1  
spoke1 suff]$2 rose & fell 444  ,a      
repetition ( ! book title has be5       
delet$4