,,*ats ,,on ,,h\sehold ,,curios ,,books ,,= ,,collectors ,) ,frontispieces & _m ,illu/rations ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,engli% ,,*9a4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,furniture ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,pr9ts4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,,*ats ,,on ,,co/ume4 ,by ,g4 ,woolliscr(t ,rhead4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,lace ,,& ,,ne$lework4 ,by ,e4 ,l4 ,l[es4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,ori5tal ,,*9a4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,black]4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,m9iatures4 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,fo/]1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,engli% ,,e>!nw>e4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,,*ats ,,on ,,autographs4 ,by ,a4 ,m4 ,broadley4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,pewt]4 ,by ,h4 ,j4 ,l4 ,j4 ,masse1 ,m4,a4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,po/age ,,/amps4 ,by ,fr$4 ,j4 ,melville4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,jewell]y ,,& ,,tr9kets4 ,by ,mac,iver ,p]cival4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,cottage ,,& ,,f>mh\se ,,furniture4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,co9s4 ,by ,fr$4 ,w4 ,burgess4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,copp] ,,& ,,brass4 ,by ,fr$4 ,w4 ,burgess4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,h\sehold ,,curios4 ,by ,fr$4 ,w4 ,burgess4 ,9 ,prep>ation4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,b>ga9s4 ,by ,*>les ,e4 ,j]n+ham4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,japanese ,,pr9ts4 ,by ,ar?ur ,davison ,ficke4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,clocks ,,& ,,wat*es4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,silv]4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,,london3 ,t4 ,,fi%] ,,unw94 ,,new ,,york3 ,f4 ,a4 ,,/okes ,,company4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,,old ,,fireplace1 ,,%[+ ,,sussex ,,back1 ,,&irons1 ,,& ,,trivet4 ,frontispiece4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ats ,,on ,,h\sehold ,,curios ,,by ,,fr$4 ,w4 ,,burgess ,,au?or ,,( ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,co9s1 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,copp] ,,& ,,brass1 ,,etc4 ,,) #id ,,illu/rations ,,london ,t4 ,,fi%] ,,unw9 ,,adelphi ,,t]race ,fir/ publi%$ 9 #aiad 7,all rights res]v$7 ,,preface ,!re is a peculi> *>m ab\t ! relics f\nd 9 an old home--a home f :i* _m g5]ations ( fl$gl+s h fl[n4 ,z ea* mile/one 9 family hi/ory is pass$ "s once common object ( use or ornam5t is dropp$ by ! way4 ,su* int]e/+ mem5toes ( pa/ g5]ations accumulate1 & 9 c\rse ( "t ! old] ones become curios4 ,x is to create great] int]e/ 9 ^! old-_w odds & ends--"s ( trifl+ value to an outsid]1 o!rs ( great intr9sic wor?--t ?is book has be5 writt54 ,! love ( possession is to "s possessors ! *ief delight2 to o!rs k ( ! orig9al purposes & uses ( ! objects acquir$ af=ds /ill great] pleasure4 ,my int5tion has be5 r to assi/ ! latt] class ( collectors ?an to facilitate ! m]e assemblage ( additional /ores ( curiosities4 ,x is truly a/oni%+ h[ rapidly ! common uses ( ev5 h\sehold furni%+s & cul9>y ut5sils are =gott5 :5 !y are sup]s$$ by o!rs ( m mod]n type4 ,! mod]n art ( to-day & ! revival ( ! mu* old] furniture ( ! pa/ h driv5 out ! h\sehold gods ( int]m$iate dates1 & x is 9 t p]iod int]v5+ betwe5 ! two extremes t mo/ ( ! h\sehold curios review$ 9 ?is "w are f\nd4 ,al?\gh _m ( ! f9e/ examples ( h\sehold curios are n[ 9 museums1 private collectors (t5 possess exceptional specim5s1 & sometimes own ! mo/ repres5tative gr\ps ( ^? ?+s ^u :i* !y h specializ$4 ,! examples 9 ?is book h be5 drawn f v>i\s s\rces4 ,z 9 ,*ats on ,old ,copp] & ,brass 7:i* may almo/ be reg>d$ z a companion "w71 ! illu/rations are tak5 f photographs ( typical museum curios & objects 9 private collections1 or h be5 specially sket*$ by my daught]1 :o has _h access to _m int]e/+ collections1 to ! own]s ( :i* ,i am indebt$ = ! illu/rations ,i am able to make use (4 ,my ?anks are due to ! ,directors ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 :o h all[$ _! pr9t]s1 ! ,univ]sity ,press1 ,ox=d1 to supply electros ( "s exceptional objects n[ 9 ! ,museum2 also to ! ,director ( ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 at ,s\? ,k5s+ton2 & ! ,director ( ! ,london ,museum1 n[ locat$ at ,/af=d ,h\se4 ,dr4 ,hoyle1 ! ,director ( ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales1 at ,c>diff1 has mo/ k9dly _h specially prep>$ = ?is "w q a numb] ( photographs ( v uncommon h\sehold curios4 ,! ,curator ( ! ,hull ,museum has loan$ blocks1 & photographs h be5 s5t by ,messrs4 ,egan & ,co41 ,ltd41 ( ,cork2 ,mr4 ,wayte1 ( ,ed5bridge2 & ,mr4 ,phillips1 ( ! ,manor ,h\se1 ,hit*94 ,to ,mr4 ,evans1 ( ,nailsea ,c\rt1 ,som]set1 ,i am indebt$ = ! loan ( 8 unrivall$ collection ( anci5t nutcrack]s1 "s ( :i* h be5 sket*$ = reproduction4 ,i h also made use ( examples 9 ! collections ( private fri5ds1 & illu/rat$ "s ( my own h\sehold curios1 _m ( !m family relics4 ,! /ory ( dome/ic curios is made ! m useful by ^! illu/rations1 & also by ref]5ces to well-kn[n collections4 ,!re is mu* to admire 9 ! once common objects ( ! home1 n[ curios1 & x is 9 ! hope t "s may be l$ to appreciate m ! antiques ) :i* !y are famili> t ^! pages h be5 p5n$4 ,if t is a*iev$ my object w h be5 accompli%$4 ,,fr$4 ,w4 ,,burgess4 ,,london1 #aiad4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface #g ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,love ,,( ,,! ,,antique #ai ,no place l home--,curios 9 ! mak+--,! influ5ce ( prevail+ /yles--,a cultivat$ ta/e4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,+le ,,side #cc ,fire-mak+ appliances--,t9d] boxes--,! fireplace--,&irons & fire-dogs--,sussex backs--,fireirons & f5d]s--,trivets & /ools--,bell[s4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,lights ,,( ,,=m] ,,days #ei ,ru%lights & hold]s--,c&les1 m\lds1 & boxes--,snuff]s1 trays1 & ext+ui%]s--,oil lamps--,lant]ns4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,table ,,appo9tm5ts #gg ,cutl]y3 ,knives1 =ks1 & spoons--,salt cell>s--,cruet /&s--,pun* & toddy--,porr+]s & cups--,trays & wait]s--,! tea table--,cream jugs--,sug> tongs & nipp]s--,caddies--,cupids--,nutcrack]s-- ,turn$ woodw>e4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,kit*5 #aba ,! kit*5 grate--,boil]s & kettles--,grills & gridirons--,cook+ ut5sils--,w>m+ pans4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,home ,,ornam5ts #adg ,mantelpiece ornam5ts--,vases--,d]by%ire ,sp>s--,jade or sple5 /one--,wood c>v+s--,old gilt4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,glass ,,& ,,enamels #agc ,wat]=d1 ,bri/ol1 & ,nailsea--,ornam5ts ( glass--,enamels on metal4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,lea!r ,,& ,,horn #ahe ,spani% lea!r--,cuir b\lli "w--,tape/ry & uphol/]y--,lea!r bottles & dr9k+ vessels--,lea!r curios--,%oes--,horn "w4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,toilet ,,table #aii ,! table & its secrets--,combs--,pat* boxes--,enamell$ objects--,p]fume boxes & hold]s--,dress+ cases--,scrat*backs--,toilet *atela9es--,locks ( hair--,jewel cab9ets4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,old ,,workbox #bbc ,sp9n+ :eels--,mat]ials & "w--,little accessories--,cutl]y--,qua9t woodwork--,! ne$lewoman--,old sampl]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,libr>y #bea ,f cov] to cov]--,old scrap books--,almanacs--,! writ+ table4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,smok]',s ,,cab9et #bfi ,old pipes--,pipe racks--,tobacco boxes--,smok]s' tongs & /opp]s--,snuff boxes & rasps4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,love ,,tok5s ,,& ,,lucky ,,emblems #bha ,amulets--,horse trapp+s--,emblems ( luck--,love spoons--,glass curios4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,m>k+ ,,( ,,"t #bie ,clocks--,wat*es--,wat* keys--,wat* /&s4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,musical ,,in/rum5ts #cji ,e>ly examples--,:i/les & pipes--,viol9s & h>ps4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,play ,,& ,,sport #cai ,dolls--,toys--,old games--,outdoor amusem5ts--,relics ( sport4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,miscellane\s #ccg ,d[] *e/s--,m$ic9e *e/s--,old lacqu]--,! tool *e/--,egyptian curios--,anci5t spectacles--,curi\s *9aw>e--,g>d5 curios--,! m\nt+ ( curios--,obsolete h\sehold names4 ,,index #ceg ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,fig4 #a4 ,,old ,,fireplace1 ,,%[+ ,,sussex ,,back1 ,,&irons1 ,,& ,,trivet ,frontispiece ,,page #b4 ,,&irons ,,) ,,rat*ets #bg #c4 ,,ornam5t$ ,,cresset ,,dogs #bg #d4 ,,telescopic ,,ru% ,,& ,,c&le ,,hold] #bg #e4 ,,rat*et ,,ru% ,,& ,,c&le ,,hold] #bg #f4 ,,anci5t ,,roman ,,fire-,,dog #cg #g4 ,,sussex ,,grate ,,back1 ,,dat$ #aehh #cg #h4 ,,?ree ,,s+le ,,dogs ,,or ,,&irons #de #i4 ,,pair ,,( ,,dat$ ,,sussex ,,&irons 7#afbe7 #de #aj4 ,,pair ,,( ,,sussex ,,&irons #de #aa4 ,,sussex ,,back ,,) ,,royal ,,emblems #ea #ab4 ,,sussex ,,back ,,) ,,arms ,,& ,,royal ,,initials #ea #ac4 ,,f9e ,,c>v$ ,,walnut ,,wood ,,bell[s #ee #ad4 ,,?ree ,,ru%light ,,hold]s #fc #ae4 ,,?ree ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,old ,,oil ,,lamps #fc #af4 ,,two ,,walnut ,,wood ,,floor-,,c&le/icks #fi #ag4 ,,f9e ,,pair ,,( ,,anci5t ,,snuff]s #gc #ah4 ,,h&somely ,,decorat$ ,,knife ,,case ,,& ,,cont5ts #ha #ai4 ,,knife1 ,,=k1 ,,& ,,spoon #hg #bj4 ,,pair ,,( ,,decorat$ ,,spoons #ic #ba4 ,,two ,,wood5 ,,cups #aja #bb4 ,,wood5 ,,flagon1 ,,) ,,copp] ,,b&s #aja #bc4 ,a ,,cocoanut ,,cup 7,,silv]-,,m\nt$7 #aja #bd4 ,a ,,cocoanut ,,cup 7,,silv]-,,m\nt$7 #aja #be4 ,,cocoanut ,,flagon #aja #bf4 ,,e>ly ,,engli% ,,bronze ,,ew] #aji #bg4 ,,inscrib$ ,,sev5te5?-,,c5tury ,,wood ,,dr9k+ ,,cup #aae #bh-cj4 ,,e>ly ,,c>v$ ,,wood ,,nutcrack]s #aae #ca-cd4 ,,m$iaeval ,,wood ,,nutcrack]s #aai #ce-ci4 ,,e>ly ,,/eel ,,& ,,brass ,,nutcrack]s #aai #dj4 ,,two ,,antique ,,w>m+ ,,pans #abd #da4 ,,wel% ,,kit*5 ,,fireplace #abd #db4 ,,me*anical ,,roa/+ ,,jacks #abg #dc-df4 ,,gridirons ,,%[+ ,,=eign ,,influ5ce ,,9 ,,design #aca #dg ,,& #dh4 ,,two ,,wood5 ,,food ,,boxes #ace #di4 ,a ,,collection ,,( ,,iron ,,fat ,,boats ,,& ,,grease ,,pans #ace #ej4 ,,wood5 ,,c(fee ,,cru%]s ,,& ,,pe/les ,,& ,,mort> #aci #ea4 ,,apple ,,scoops ,,( ,,bone #aci #eb4 ,,wood5 ,,pigg9s ,,& ,,porridge ,,b[l #adc #ec4 ,,wood5 ,,platt]1 ,,b[l1 ,,& ,,spoons #adc #ed4 ,,brass ,,*imney ,,ornam5t 7,,"o ,,( ,a ,,pair7 #aea #ee4 ,,black ,,& ,,gold ,,d]by%ire ,,m>ble ,,vase #aee #ef4 ,,temple ,,gu>dian1 ,,c>v$ ,,f ,,! ,,gn>l$ ,,root ,,( ,a ,,tree #aei #eg4 ,,c>v$ ,,plaque ,,/& #afc #eh ,,& #ei4 ,,m9iature ,,copp] ,,& ,,silv] ,,kettles #afg #fj4 ,,m9iature ,,ivory ,,c(fee ,,boil] #afg #fa4 ,,two ,,old-,,gilt ,,jewell$ ,,ornam5ts #afg #fb4 ,,?ree ,,f9e ,,old ,,ivories #aga #fc4 ,,batt]sea ,,enamels #agi #fd4 ,,antique ,,dress+ ,,or ,,toilet ,,glass #bjb #fe4 ,,?ree ,,old ,,scrat*backs #bji #ff4 ,,silv] ,,*atela9e ,,toilet ,,in/rum5ts #bji #fg4 ,,ano!r ,,*atela9e ,,set #bji #fh4 ,,f9e ,,ori5tal ,,lacqu]$ ,,box #bag #fi4 ,,small ,,lacqu] ,,cab9et #bag #gj4 ,a ,,pagoda-,,%ap$ ,,casket #bag #ga4 ,,decorat$ ,,jewel ,,case #bag #gb4 ,,old ,,sp9n+ ,,:eel #bbg #gc4 ,,sp9n+ ,,:eel #bcc #gd4 ,,old ,,lace ,,bobb9s #bcc #ge4 ,,old ,,p9 ,,poppets ,,& ,,anci5t ,,p9s #bcg #gf4 ,,?ree ,,old ,,workboxes #bdc #gg4 ,,old ,,workbox ,,fitt+s #bdg #gh4 ,,anci5t ,,clog ,,almanac #beg #gi4 ,,old ,,co9 ,,te/] #bfe #hj4 ,,m9iature ,,s\v5ir ,,almanac #bfe #ha4 ,,anci5t ,,writ+ ,,set #bfe #hb4 ,,?ree ,,curi\s ,,pipe-,,/opp]s #bge #hc4 ,,brass ,,tobacco ,,box #bge #hd4 ,,collection ,,( ,,h>ness ,,amulets ,,& ,,team ,,bells #bhe #he4 ,,old ,,wel% ,,love ,,spoons #bia #hf4 ,,f9e ,,go?ic ,,fr5* ,,clock #bii #hg4 ,,specim5s ,,( ,,old ,,wat* ,,keys #cjc #hh4 ,,two ,,antique ,,wat* ,,cases #cjc #hi4 ,,old ,,sp9et #cae #ij4 ,,curi\s ,,types ,,( ,,:i/les #cbc #ia4 ,,qua9t ,,old ,,toy #cbc #ib4 ,a ,,p[d] ,,te/] #cce #ic4 ,a ,,prim+ ,,flask #cce #id4 ,,old ,,p[d] ,,flasks #cdc ,i ,,! ,,love ,,( ,,! ,,antique ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,love ,,( ,,! ,,antique ,no place l home--,curios 9 ! mak+--,! influ5ce ( prevail+ /yles--,a cultivat$ ta/e4 ,!re is an inborn love ( ! antique 9 mo/ m51 al?\gh "s are fond ( ass]t+ t _! int]e/s are b\nd up 9 ! mod]n1 & t !y h no "t to devote to ! /udy ( ! antiquities ( pa/ ages or ! ?+s t 7 fa%ionable 9 times long pa/4 ,yet mo/ p1 :5 _! secret long+s are analys$1 are f\nd to h an admiration = ! old2 if n a sup]/iti\s v5]ation1 at any rate a desire to p]petuate ! memory ( _! ance/ors & to keep 9 m9d ! ?+s ) :i* !y 7 famili>4 ,! weal?y man ( to-day1 :o may h sprung f ! p1 secretly1 if n op5ly1 endeav\rs to surr\nd himself ) h\sehold gods :i* tell ( a long] pa/ & a clos] relation%ip ) ! well-to-d ?an he c legitimately claim4 ,9 ! pursuit ( su* ?+s _m a man has f\nd 8 hobby2 & !re are few m5 :o d n f9d recreation & delight 9 a hobby ( "s k9d4 ,su* int]e/s outside _! regul> occupations broad5 _! outlook & wid5 _! k4 ,"s hobbies t5d to lead to specialization1 & ! speciali/ is apt to become w>p$ & n>r[$2 n s1 h[ev]1 ! collector ( h\sehold curios4 ,no ,place ,l ,home4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d great] delight ?an t :i* c5tres 9 ^? ?+s t conc]n ! home & home life4 ,! love ( ! old home/ead & ! goods & *attels x conta9s is +ra9$ 9 ! brea/ ( e ,briti%]2 & al?\gh families become scatt]$ & "s ( _! memb]s f9d homes ( _! own beyond ! seas1 !y f9d ! greate/ delight 9 ! objects ) :i* !y 7 famili> 9 ye>s gone by1 & v5]ate ! relics ( =m] g5]ations--! h\sehold gods :i* h be5 h&$ on f fa!r to son4 ,x is n ! intr9sic value ( ! h\sehold curio t is its *ief *>m2 x is r ! k t its long association ) ^? :o h claim$ its own]%ip f ! "t :5 x 0 new has made x truly a family relic4 ,^! ?\ghts1 be+ s deeply root$ 9 ! m9ds ( mo/ m5 & wom51 fo/] ! love ( h\sehold curios & int5sify ! int]e/ %[n 9 _! possession4 ,to all x is n giv5 to own family relics2 nei!r w\ld !y s]ve to satiate ! ambition ( ! true collector1 al?\gh !y might =m ! nucleus ( 8 collection4 ,he seeks o!r treasures 9 ! t[n & 9 ! c\ntry & :]ev] su* ?+s are (f]$ = sale4 ,curios 9 ! ,mak+4 ,! dome/ic habits ( ! p ( ?is & o!r civiliz$ c\ntries h be5 ! outcome ( a sl[ process ( upbuild+4 ,!re has be5 no sudd5 *ange2 9 all grades & "u e diff]5t social condition1 at e p]iod1 ! improvem5t ( ! furni%+s ( ! home has be5 "o ( gradual &1 = ! mo/ "p1 /eady progress4 ,!re 0 a "t :51 beyond ! b>e furniture1 tape/ry hang+s1 tools ( ! craftsm51 & weapons ( ! w>rior1 !re 7 few h\sehold goods ( a portable nature4 ,9 m$iaeval ,engl& ! oak *e/ 0 suffici5t to conta9 ! valuables ( a l>ge h\sehold2 & v (t5 beyond a cab9et or sidebo>d or corn] cupbo>d !re 7 few receptacles :]e any?+ ( value c\ld be safegu>d$4 ,! d[] *e/1 9 :i* ! bride br\ght to h] husb& h\sehold l95 & h] /ock ( clo?+1 & 9 ! wood5 comp>tm5t 9 "o corn] ( ! *e/ h] jewels & co9 ( ! realm--if %e possess$ any--0 !n a prom95t piece ( furniture4 ,! oak *e/1 r5d]$ =midable ) its massive lock & bolts1 op5$ ) a pond]\s key1 0 ! *os5 receptacle 9 aft]-ye>s z a treasure *e/1 & reg>d$ z ! safe/ place 9 :i* to keep valuable docum5ts & o!r prop]ty4 ,9 ! ,public ,record ,(fice may be se5 ! old iron box 9 :i* ! ,domesday ,book 0 kept = _m c5turies4 ,! old ,city ,companies h _! treasure *e/s /ill2 & boxes /udd$ ov] ) iron nails & fitt$ ) l>ge hasps & locks are po9t$ out 9 _m old h\ses z passports to family /&+4 ,! h\sehold curios :i* a collector seeks include objects ( utility & ornam5t4 ,_m ( !m are associat$ ) h\sehold "w1 & q a numb] ( "o-"t kit*5 & cul9>y ut5sils1 z well z ^? :i* 7 once *]i%$ 9 ! be/ p>l\r or )draw+-room1 are f\nd places among su* curios4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s dome/ic ar*itecture has pass$ ?r\gh sev]al /ages ( advancem5t4 ,! /iff & =mal ,georgian h\ses1 ! pa9ful ,victorian villas1 & "s ( ! e>li] attempts at ar*itectural improvem5t h be5 swept away to make room = mod]n replicas ( /ill old] /yles :i* h be5 reviv$ or incorporat$ 9 ! n\vre art1 :i* t\*es ! home 9 its ar*itecture & int]nal decoration1 z well z 9 its furni%+s4 ,9 mod]n dwell+s ! ,elizabe?an /yle has (t5 be5 foll[$1 al?\gh mod]n conv5i5ces h be5 incorporat$4 ,:5 furni%+ su* h\ses ) suitable replicas ( ! antique ! h\sehold]s ( ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury h be5 unconsci\sly1 p]haps1 fo/]+ ! love ( h\sehold antiques & provid+ fitt+ homes = _! family curios4 ,! ,day ( ! ,curio ,hunt]4 ,?is is admitt$ly ! day ( curio hunt+1 & ^? :o specialize on h\sehold curios h exceptional opportunities ( display+ !m to bett] advantage ?an ^? :o c>$ = su* ?+s 9 ! pa/4 ,p]haps x is because !re 7 s few opportunities ( arrang+ & display+ h\sehold antiques dur+ ! la/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury t _m objects n[ treasur$ h be5 pres]v$ s fre% & kept 9 su* excell5t condition4 ,! h\sewives ( ! pa/ g5]ation 7 und\bt$ly cons]vative 9 _! ret5tion ( old h\sehold goods1 & x is to _! c>eful pres]vation t s _m objects ( int]e/1 al?\gh p]haps fully a c5tury old1 come to ! collector 9 su* p]fect condition4 ,! pati5t lab\r exp5d$ by ! amateur arti/1 ! ne$lework]1 & ! connoisseur ( home art a g5]ation or two ago has provid$ ! collector to-day ) an exceptionally int]e/+ class ( curio1 = !re is mu* to admire 9 amateur craftsman%ip1 & especially 9 ! h&iwork ( ! ne$lewoman & ! weav] & decorator ( s _m beautiful textiles :i* h be5 pres]v$ to u4 ,s5tim5t 0 /rong 9 ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury1 & among ! love tok5s ( t day1 *iefly ! "w ( amateurs1 "s v beautiful & unique curios 7 produc$4 ,^!1 too1 h come d[n to ! collector ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 & help him to secure specim5s repres5t+ e decade1 s t 9 a l>ge collection1 c>efully select$1 ! sl[ & yet sure progress made 9 ! f9e arts1 & ! improvem5t 9 ! ornam5tal surr\nd+s 9 ! home1 is made cle>4 ,9 ea* "o ( ! diff]5t gr\ps into :i* h\sehold curios may be divid$ !re are _m di/9ctive objects1 all ( :i* are 9 !mselves int]e/+1 b :5 view$ 9 association ) o!r ?+s :i* h be5 us$ at contempor>y p]iods1 or associat$ ) ! home life ( p]sons simil>ly situat$1 b dwell+ 9 diff]5t localities1 are d\bly int]e/+4 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,prevail+ ,/yles4 ,9 det]m9+ ! orig9 ( curios1 & def9+ ! p]iods dur+ :i* !y h be5 made1 x is useful to h at lea/ a little k ( ! influ5ce or "* ( ! prevail+ /yles 9 ! c\ntries ( orig94 ,fr5* art has ex]cis$ a great influ5ce ^u ! productions ( o!r nations2 x has also be5 m\ld$ by ! curios & o!r articles ( =eign orig9 !n be+ sold 9 ,france4 ,regal & political influ5ce h left _! m>k ^u almo/ e p]iod ( ,fr5* art1 & h _h mu* to d ) ! contempor>y art ( o!r nations1 = ,france 0 = c5turies a guide 9 mo/ ( ! f9e arts1 & especially 9 ^? ?+s :i* t5d$ t[>ds decorative effect4 ,! furniture ( ,france may be said to be an expon5t ( ! c\ntry's hi/ory1 s great has be5 ! connection betwe5 ,fr5* art1 controll$ by pass+ ev5ts1 & its comm]cial products4 ,x is said t ! ,/ate pageants ( ! ,l\is ,,xiv p]iod t5d$ to raise ! tone ( ! "w ( ,fr5* artisans & to enc\rage arti/s4 ,t 0 a p]iod ( great developm5t1 = 9 ! ye> #afgj ! fam\s tape/ry factories sprang into exi/5ce2 & x mu/ be admitt$ t ! design+ ( ^? wond]ful textiles influ5c$ ! manufactur]s ( furniture & small] objects bo? 9 ,france & 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,,&irons ,,) ,,rat*ets4 ,,fig4 #c4--,,ornam5t$ ,,cresset ,,dogs4 ,,fig4 #d4--,,telescopic ,,ru% ,,& ,,c&le ,,hold]4 ,,fig4 #e4--,,rat*et ,,ru% ,,& ,,c&le ,,hold]4 ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr5 is reput$ to h be5 c>ri$ away by ! influ5ce ( ! ,l\is ,,xiv art4 ,x 0 9 t ,k+'s reign1 too1 t ,*>les ,b\le p]fect$ 8 v5e]s ( tortoise%ell & f9e brass "w4 ,buhl cab9ets1 fancy boxes1 & _m small] objects f\nd _! way into ?is c\ntry1 & are n[ h\sehold curios4 ,:5 ,philip ( ,orleans 0 ,reg5t ( ,france ,b\le introduc$ v]milion & gold-leaf z ! gr\ndwork ^u :i* to ?r[ up ! beauty ( tortoise%ell1 & 8 designs became lavi%ly extravagant4 ,( ^! !re are "s beautiful examples extant2 "o1 a facsimile ( a bureau made 9 ,p>is 9 #agfi1 s elaborate t its co/ 0 reput$ to h be5 ab\t ,l#bj1jjj1 is to be se5 9 ! ,wallace ,collection at ,h]t=d ,h\se4 ,9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv great enc\ragem5t 0 giv5 to ! importation ( lacqu] "w f ,*9a1 influ5c+ ! creation ( simil> works 9 ,france2 & x 0 ow+ to 8 support t ! ,v]nis ,m>t9 enamels or v>ni%es 7 produc$4 ,!n came ^? beautiful pa9t+s ( l&scapes ) :i* s _m ( ! r>] h\sehold curios dat+ f t p]iod 7 ornam5t$4 ,! ,fr5* /yle came ov] ! ,*annel4 ,?us x 0 t ,fr5* influ5ce1 z %[n 9 its art 9 :i* its political hi/ory 0 reflect$1 p]meat$ into ! work%ops ( ,engl&4 ,!n came ! popul>ity ( ! designs ( ! ,adam ,bro!rs & ,%]aton4 ,dur+ ! ,revolution 9 ,france art 0 at a /&/ill1 b z soon z ,napoleon _h e/abli%$ 8 ,empire arti/ic ,france began aga91 & we see its influ5ce 9 ! ,empire ornam5t ( furniture & curios4 ,p]haps "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ in/ances ( *ange 9 /yle 0 t 9 our own c\ntry :5 ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange came ov] & ,william & ,m>y 7 cr[n$ ,k+ & ,que54 ,dut* influ5ce on ! art ( ,great ,brita9 0 imm$iately se51 & 9 ! curios ( t p]iod !re is a rem>kable diff]5ce betwe5 ^? produc$ at t "t1 :5 ,engli%m5 7 cont5t to all[ ! art ( ano!r nation to dom9ate _! "w1 & ^? ( an e>li] date4 ,dut* m>quetry is se5 9 cab9ets & small] h\sehold antiques 9 ! manufacture ( :i* panels 7 applicable4 ,!re 0 a *ange 9 design ab\t ! ye> #afie1 j aft] ,m>y di$1 ! *>act]i/ic seawe$ foll[+ ! floral1 z if ! v fl[]s _h be5 bani%$ aft] ! ,que5's dea?4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,k+ & ( 8 successors 0 v noticeable 9 ! /yle & decoration ( h\sehold goods2 ! hi/ory ( ?is c\ntry at t "t1 j z ! hi/ory ( ,france _h be51 0 reflect$ 9 ! art ( its craftsm54 ,a ,cultivat$ ,ta/e4 ,! love ( ! antique is reg>d$ by "s z a cultivat$ ta/e4 ,! specialization ^u any "o bran* ( h\sehold curios may ju/ly be reg>d$ z su*1 b surely n ! reg>d1 almo/ rev]5ce1 = family relics1 al?\gh !y are b ! common ?+s ( ev]yday life6 ,_! collection /imulates ! connoisseur1 & enc\rages him to fre% ex]tions1 & 9 t s5se ! habit ( keep+ a ke5 look out = any?+ t may illum9e previ\s rese>*es or add great] lu/re to ^? ?+s already secur$1 is gradually cultivat$4 ,h\sehold curios are n unassociat$ ) ! folklore ( ! di/rict :]e su* objects h be5 made1 or 7 commonly 9 use2 & ! v names ( _m ?+s1 ! uses ( :i* are almo/ =gott51 are sugge/ive ( =m] occupations & old] me?ods ( practis+ h\sehold economy & ! prep>ation ( food4 ,x is common k t ! pure/ old ,engli% is met ) 9 ! dialects ( ! c\ntryside1 & (t5times once h\sehold words1 n[ lo/ 9 mod]n spee*1 are f\nd aga9 :5 ! old names or orig9al purposes ( ! curios rema9+ to u are discov]$4 ,! cultivation ( a ta/e = ga!r+ toge!r h\sehold antiques is mu* to be desir$1 & 9 ! pursuit ( su* k !re is great pleasure--& z ! value ( g5u9e antiques is ev] ris+1 "s pr(it1 too4 ,,ii ,,! ,,+le ,,side ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,+le ,,side ,fire-mak+ appliances--,t9d] boxes--,! fireplace--,&irons & fire-dogs--,sussex backs--,fireirons & f5d]s--,trivets & /ools--,bell[s4 ,9 w9t] ! +le side1 or its equival5t 9 a mod]n h\se1 appe>s to be ! *ief c5tre ( attraction4 ,x 0 ev] s2 & to-day ! less5$ necessity = cr[d+ r\nd ! fire & sitt+ 9 ! +le nook1 ow+ to mod]n me?ods ( di/ribut+ ! heat1 9 no way less5s ! attraction :i* draws an ,engli%man to ! fire4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica /oves ( v>i\s k9ds are deem$ good sub/itutes1 b 9 ?is c\ntry ! op5 fire is pref]r$1 & mod]n sci5tific rese>* aims at p]fect+ & improv+ exi/+ accept$ me?ods ( heat+ & w>m+ rooms r ?an ( displac+ !m4 ,9 ! days :5 ! e>lie/ collectable curios ( ! +le side 7 be+ made by ! village smi?1 & ! local sculptor & mason 7 prep>+ ! *imney corn] & ! mantelpiece to surr\nd ! fireplace1 x 0 9 front ( ! great op5 fire 9 ! kit*51 be=e :i* ! l>ge jo9ts 7 roa/$1 t ! reta9]s ( ! b>on & ! l&[n] or "l ( ! manor assembl$ on w9t] nights4 ,x 0 ar\nd ! fire :i* crackl$ on ! he>? 9 ! great hall t ! m fav\r$ ones =ga!r$1 & 9 ! less] home/ead ! family drew up _! *airs & f\nd seats 9 ! +le nook1 ne> ! fire1 :5 sn[ 0 ^u ! gr\nd1 & fro/ & cold draughts made !m %iv] 9 ! h\seplace4 ,! fireplace has its attractions /ill1 & build]s & ar*itects h design$ _m cosy corn]s )9 rea* ( ! fire4 ,! furni%+s ( ! he>? h become m decorative z times h become m luxuri\s & art has ga9$ ! asc5dant2 & sometimes _! great] ornam5t has be5 at ! sacrifice ( utility1 b ! root pr9ciples ( con/ruction z se5 9 ! old] grates & fire appo9tm5ts rema94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--;,,anci5t ,,roman ,,fire-,,dog4 7,9 ! ,national ,museum at ,naples47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--,,sussex ,,grate ,,back1 ,,dat$ #aehh4 ,fire-mak+ ,appliances4 ,x seems natural to inquire into ! orig9 ( ! ne$ ( a fireplace1 & to d s we mu/ g back to prehi/oric times & trace ! discov]y ( fire-mak+ app>atus1 = )\t ! means ( light+ a fire x is obvi\s t ! grate w\ld be useless4 ,) ! fire came artificial light1 ! two great discov]ies be+ p]fect$ side by side1 sometimes ! "o ga9+ gr\nd1 at o!rs ! "o t _h fall5 beh9d %oot+ ahead z ! result ( "s great discov]y1 or ! application ( sci5tific pr9ciples n deem$ ( utility to ! "o or ! o!r z ! case might be4 ,! fire-mak+ appliances :i* 7 9 use = ! purpose ( light+ fires 7 ( c\rse us$ long be=e any s*eme ( artificial light+--ap>t f ! flames & radiance f ! fire4 ,pr(essor ,fl9d]s ,petrie1 t great inve/igator into ! antiquities ( ! ,anci5ts1 tells u t fire-mak+ by friction has be5 f\nd to exi/ 9 f>-(f times4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! discov]y ( h[ to produce fire has be5 accompli%$ indep5d5tly by m5 liv+ "u v diff]5t conditions & at all ages4 ,! fire-mak+ ( ! ,anci5ts has be5 r$iscov]$ by primitive p 9 m rec5t days1 al?\gh x is probable t native races :o until rec5tly h be5 liv+ ap>t f ! great _w outside h mov$ sl[ly 9 _! m>* ( civilization1 & h be5 us+ ! same me?ods z ^? fir/ tri$ by _! ance/ors ages ago4 ,9 ! unrivall$ collection ( appliances got toge!r by ,pr(essor ,petrie1 !re are fire drills f ! ,transvaal1 b[ drills us$ by ! ,esquimaux1 & fire pl\ghs f ,nor? ,que5sl&4 ,light+ fires mu/ h be5 a sl[ & difficult task 9 ! days :5 t9d] boxes 7 9 reque/1 = :5 ,curfew rang & ! c\vre de feu _h done its "w !re 0 no fire 9 :i* to ?ru/ ! tor*1 & ! entire process _h to be gone ov] aga9 :5 ! fire _h once m to be k9dl$4 ,t9d] ,boxes4 ,! t9d] box1 =m]ly a real necess>y1 0 to be f\nd 9 e h\se1 & 9 _m in/ances1 9 ! days be=e lucif] mat*es1 x 0 a desirable pocket companion4 ,t9d] boxes 7 made ( diff]5t mat]ials2 "s 7 ( wood1 o!rs ( iron or brass4 ,!y l5t !mselves to ornam5tation3 ?us "s 7 engrav$ & q arti/ic2 _m ( ! m rec5t ones 7 made ( t91 & on ! cov]s 7 decorative little sc5es4 ,! cont5ts ( ! t9d] boxes 7 ( c\rse fl9t & /eel & t9d] 7some?+ v inflammable1 su* z scor*$ l9571 ) a damp] = ext+ui%+ ! sm\ld]+ fire aft] a light _h be5 obta9$1 or 9 lat] days by ! sulphur-tipp$ mat* appli$ to x4 ,among ! v>ieties are :at are t]m$ pi/ol t9d] boxes1 in/rum5ts :i* conta9$ a small *>ge ( gunp[d]1 :i*1 :5 fir$1 light$ ! t9d]4 ,t9d] p\*es or purses conta9+ fl9t & t9d] hav+ a piece ( /eel rivet$ on to ! edge ( ! purse or p\* 7 a common =m4 ,^? br\ght ov] f ,c5tral ,asia 7 frequ5tly decorat$ ) dragons & ! swa/ika symbol1 9 damasc5$ "w4 ,_m inv5tions 7 put =w>d by *emi/s be=e ! p]fect+ ( ! common mat*1 ! wax ve/a1 & ! fusee4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,b]ry's app>atus1 :i* he devis$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 call+ x a contrivance = light+ lamps 9 ! d>k4 ,x consi/$ ( an acid bottle ) a /r+ by :i* a conical /opp] c\ld be rais$1 & a *lorate mat* held aga9/ ! /opp] became ignit$4 ,mat* boxes are collectable1 & collectors ( fire-mak+ & light+ contrivances (t5 include a few old mat*es4 ,! lucif] mat* consi/$ ( /icks tipp$ ) potassium *lorate & sug>1 held toge!r ) gum1 ignit+ :5 t\*$ ) conc5trat$ sulphuric acid4 ,!y 7 inv5t$ 9 #ahje1 & by ! ye> #ahbj _h q tak5 ! place ( t9d] boxes4 ,v>i\s light+ pa/es 7 us$1 until ! improvem5ts :i* result$ 9 ! safety mat*es4 ,! dang]\s sulphur & :ite phosphorus h giv5 place 9 mod]n mat*-mak+ to sesqui-sulphate mixtures2 & wax ve/as & o!r /rik]s h sup]s$$ ! curi\s objects ! collector meets )4 ,! ,fireplace4 ,9 /udy+ ! curios ( ! fireplace1 x is sc>cely necess>y to g back beyond ! grates & fire appo9tm5ts :i* may be se5 9 ! old h\ses /&+ to-day4 ,ev5 dur+ ! la/ g5]ation or two !re h be5 _m *anges1 & 9 rebuild+ & refurni%+ ! antiquities ( ! fireplace h 9 _m in/ances be5 swept away4 ,dur+ m rec5t days1 h[ev]1 !re has be5 a great] appreciation ( ! curio value ( mantelpieces & old grates1 & x is no uncommon ?+ = hundr$s & ev5 ?\s&s ( p\nds to be paid = r>e specim5s4 ,9 "s in/ances ! fireplace may truly be said to h be5 ! c5tral attraction1 = ! old grates & mantelpieces h (t5 realiz$ z mu* z ! :ole ( ! rema9d] ( ! mat]ials secur$ :5 an old h\se has be5 pull$ d[n4 ,"s ( ^! mantelpieces ( old5 "t 7 magnific5t memorials ( ! sculptor's & ! c>v]'s art4 ,!y includ$ ov]mantels1 ! entire brea/work ( ! *imney (t5 be+ cov]$ ) /one or m>ble or black oak1 "r up to ! ceil+ or ! cornice4 ,! op5 he>? 0 ! e>li] =m ( fireplace1 & long be=e *imneys 7 built logs ( wood burn$ on x1 & 9 /ill e>li] times 9 a basket or brazi]1 ! smoke f9d+ its way to ! ro(1 ! raft]s ( :i* soon became black5$4 ,*imneys1 h[ev]1 are ( e>ly date1 & ! h\sehold curios ( ! fireplace h almo/ entirely be5 us$ "u su* conditions ( fuel consumption1 ! up-draught ( ! *imney c>ry+ away ! smoke & h>mful gases4 ,! firebacks & ! &irons1 & lat] ! fire-dogs1 ( ! op5 fireplaces are collectable curios ( consid]able int]e/1 & ! hobby may be indulg$ 9 at a mod]ate co/4 ,! collection ( mantelpieces may be left to ! weal?y & to ^? :o h b>onial halls 9 :i* to refix !m4 ,fig4 #a repres5ts an old fireplace 9 a panell$ oak room ) a ,tudor ceil+4 ,!re is a ,sussex back ( r small size1 & a pair ( &irons1 on :i* a log ( wood is %[n repos+4 ,an old saucepan has be5 re>$ up 9 ! corn]1 & !re is a trivet on ! he>?4 ,!re is a v rem>kable gr\p ( cresset dogs %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,"o pair ( dogs or &irons has rat*ets on :i* supplem5t>y b>s 7 plac$4 ,^! %[ an e>ly advance f ! simple &iron1 & po9t to ! lat] developm5ts ( ! fire-grate ) ! fa/ b>s :i* 7 to come4 ,9 ! same gr\p two ru%-hold]s or c&le/icks are %[n1 "o ) a rat*et1 ! o!r adju/$ on a simple rod1 ! socket be+ held 9 place by a spr+ 7see ,figs4 #d & #e74 ,z "t w5t on & *ange ( fuel came ab\t1 ! =e/s ( ,engl& be+ gradually consum$ on ! dome/ic he>?1 coal 0 sub/itut$ = ! fa/-vani%+ wood4 ,!n x 0 t a *ange 0 ne$$1 & in/ead ( ! op5 fireplace & ! &irons on :i* ! logs ( wood _h =m]ly be5 laid1 iron baskets or grates 9 :i* coal c\ld be plac$ 7 made1 s t ! scatt]+ ( fuel & c9d]s on ! op5 he>? c\ld be prev5t$4 ,sussex backs gave place 9 "t to ! grate 9 :i* a metal back 0 frequ5tly incorporat$1 flank$ by ! dogs 9 front4 ,!n came ! clos$-9 grates & ! hob-regi/]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 _m be+ design$ aft] ! beautiful ornam5tation produc$ by ! ,adam ,bro!rs2 also ! decorative metal "w enri*$ ) ormolu & brass1 :i* 9 due c\rse aga9 gave way to ! pla9 & (t5times ugly regi/] grates ( ! ,victorian ,age1 :i* 9 m mod]n times h be5 displac$ by ! reproductions ( ! antique1 & by well-grates & sci5tifically con/ruct$ /oves & heat+ radiators by :i* heat c be cons]v$1 ! draught ( ! fire & ! *imney regulat$1 & ! coal burn$ m economically on sl[-combu/ion & semi-sl[-combu/ion pr9ciples4 ,sci5ce has taught build]s & o!rs h[ to radiate ! heat1 & prev5t t wa/e :i* =m]ly w5t up ! *imney1 s t ! necessity to sit r\nd ! fire is n z great z x once 01 & rooms l>ge & small are m ev5ly heat$4 ,! fireplace has once m become a ?+ ( beauty1 & all its appo9tm5ts are r5d]$ h>moni\s ) ! furni%+s ( ! home1 :e!r !y are mod]n replicas ( ! home/eads ( e>li] p]iods or con/ruct$ accord+ to ! new] art ( ! pres5t day4 ,&irons & ,fire-dogs4 ,! brazi] on a piece ( /one 9 ! c5tre ( ! room s]v$ well :5 *>coal 0 pl5tiful1 & al?\gh ! smoke asc5d$ amid/ ! raft]s ! heat spread & !re 0 pl5ty ( room = _m p]sons to assemble ar\nd ! fire4 ,) *imneys built at ! side ( ! h\se = conv5i5ce1 ! timb] 0 laid ^u ! he>? flag4 ,"u ! conditions t app]ta9$ :5 great op5 *imneys all[$ ! ra9 & sn[ to fall ^u ! fire or on ! logs laid ready = ! burn+1 ! difficulties ( light+ a fire 7 exp]i5c$4 ,!n ! local smi? came to ! aid ( ! dome/ic or s]f1 & hamm]$ into %ape :at 7 t]m$ &irons1 _! use mak+ x easi] to light ! logs1 giv+ a curr5t ( air "u !m1 caus+ !m to burn bright]4 ,! &irons 7 aft]w>ds call$ fire-dogs1 & 9 c\rse ( "t b>s re/$ on hooks or rat*ets1 or 7 laid across ! dogs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--,,?ree ,,s+le ,,dogs ,,or ,,&irons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,,pair ,,( ,,dat$ ,,sussex ,,&irons 7#afbe74 ,,fig4 #aj4--,,pair ,,( ,,sussex ,,&irons4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,wayte1 ( ,ed5bridge47 ,!re are no records ( ! e>lie/ inv5tors ( &irons or dogs4 ,x is q cle> t small fire-dogs 7 9 use 9 ,rome at an e>ly p]iod2 ! "o illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #f1 measur+ #f #c_/d 94 9 height1 ( arti/ic =m1 two drap$ figures be+ ! supports ( ! ar*1 is 9 ! ,national ,museum 9 ,naples1 :]e !re are _m o!r beautiful examples ( e>ly ,roman metal "w4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury "s ( ! m elaborate ornam5tal ca/ brass fire-dogs 7 enri*$ ) black & :ite or blue & :ite enamel1 sev]al v>ieties ( fireside ornam5ts be+ decorat$ 9 ! same way4 ,enamel ?us appli$ to metal is exceptionally valuable1 z mu* z two hundr$ gu9eas be+ paid = an enamell$ pair ( fire-dogs4 ,x is ! ord9>y =ms ( ca/ or wr\ght dogs ) :i* collectors are mo/ly famili>1 especially ^? made 9 ! fam\s ,sussex ironfields1 su* z ^? %[n 9 ,figs4 #h1 #i1 & #aj1 :i* are ( e>ly date1 ! pair illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #i be+ dat$ #afbe1 ! o!rs probably contempor>y4 ,s+le examples ( simil> designs are %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,! ne$ ( ! metal furni%+s ( ! he>?--z ! *imney places ( ! small] manor h\ses & ! dwell+s ( ! trad]s 7 be+ erect$--caus$ an impetus to ! trade ( ! ironf\nd] & smi?1 & ! f\nd]s & smi?s ( ! ,sussex villages came to ! aid ( ! build]4 ,!re are dat$ examples f ! sixte5? c5tury onw>ds1 record+ ! p]iods :5 ^! int]e/+ s\v5irs ( dome/ic build+ & ! great ,sussex ironfields--n[ des]t$--7 9 op]ation4 ,sussex ,backs4 ,!re is a peculi> attraction ab\t ! ca/+s made 9 ,sussex 9 ! days :5 ! f\ndries ( t c\nty 7 9 full "w1 & _m villages 7 fill$ ) busy patt]n-mak]s1 m\ld]s1 & f\nd]s c>ry+ on a ?riv+ indu/ry 9 di/ricts :i* h n[ be5 giv5 up to ! pl\gh2 = ! ,sussex ironfields h be5 ab&on$1 z :5 ! timb] ( ! di/rict 0 consum$ x 0 impossible to "w ! =ges economically1 = coal 0 f> di/ant & transport co/s prohibitive4 ,! old grate backs = :i* ! ,sussex f\ndries 7 fam\s 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 7 (t5 modell$ on ,dut* designs1 & "s %[$ ,g]man *>act]i/ics4 ,!re are _m not$ ,engli% designs1 too1 mo/ly tak+ ! =ms ( coats ( arms & ! %ields & cre/s ( ! l&lords = :om ! /ove-plates 7 made1 "s becom+ /ock patt]ns & (t5 duplicat$4 ,!re is q a f9e collection ( ^! grate backs 9 sev]al museums1 & "s good examples c /ill be b\ght f deal]s ^: ag5ts secure !m f "t to "t :5 prop]ty is be+ rebuilt4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum !re is a long oblong plate on :i* is ca/ ! arms ( ,br[ne ( ,br5*ley1 9 ,k5t1 probably made 9 ! second half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,!re are o!rs ) *]ubs & curi\s support]s ( %ields ( arms4 ,a /ill e>li] piece1 probably ca/ ab\t ! ye> #afjj1 is an oblong ,sussex back deeply recess$1 on :i* is ! arms ( ,john ,bl\nt1 ,e>l ( ,devon%ire1 ano!r be>+ ! ,royal arms ( ! ,tudor p]iod4 ,9 ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace !re are "s especially f9e grate backs1 mo/ly be>+ ! ,royal arms4 ,at a little e>li] p]iod ! ca/ grate backs 7 *iefly pla9 ) isolat$ cre/s or designs scatt]$ ov] ! surface1 (t5 q irregul>ly4 ,! ?ree f9e examples ( ,sussex backs illu/rat$ are typical ( popul> /yles4 ,fig4 #aa %[s ! ,royal lion ( ,engl&1 accompani$ by ! emblems appe>+ on ! ,royal arms 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury2 ! ,tudor rose cr[n$1 ! ,scotti% ?i/le1 & ! ,fr5* fleur-de-lis indicative ( ! ?rone ( ,france to :i* ,engli% sov]eigns !n laid "s claim4 ,! date ( ?is f9e back is #afdi4 ,fig4 #g is ( an e>li] p]iod1 be+ dat$ #aehh1 b5ea? :i* are ! initials ,i4,f4,c4 ,!re are also roses & fleurs-de-lis1 z well z an*ors & o!r emblems4 ,! back %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab has = its design ! ,royal arms surr\nd$ by ! ,g>t]1 & ! initials ,c4,r41 a design :i* 0 duplicat$ v ext5sively soon aft] ! ,re/oration4 ,x w be notic$ t ! ,royal arms =m$ ! design ( ! ,sussex back %[n 9 position 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,"s ( ! ,g]man & ,dut* designs are v curi\s1 _m ( !m repres5t+ scriptural subjects1 l ,moses & ! braz5 s]p5t2 ! dea? ( ,absalom2 ! temptation ( ,joseph2 & ! (t5-repeat$ /ory ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,9 ! ,am]ican museums !re are "s v int]e/+ examples ( f\ndry "w2 "s ( ! ca/ backs1 evid5tly modell$ on ,g]man or ,dut* designs1 take ! =m ( /ove-plates1 includ+ bo? front & side plates1 mo/ly be>+ dates 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,p5nsylvania 0 ! *ief di/rict 9 :i* ^! plates 7 made1 "s be+ ca/ by ,william ,siegel1 :o w5t to ,am]ica f ,g]many 9 #ageh1 & erect$ :at 0 kn[n z ! ,b]k%ire furnace4 ,a curi\s e>ly /ove-plate 9 an ,am]ican collection1 dat$ #agcf1 has ^u x a sc5e kn[n z ! dance aft] ! w$d+4 ,x is said to h be5 us$ 9 ! front ( :at 0 kn[n z ! ,g]man wall-w>m+ /ove4 ,9 =m ! ,sussex %ape is usually rectangul>--t is1 wid] ?an its height4 ,x w\ld appe> z if ! back 0 at fir/ m\ld$ f a wood5 plate1 ! cre/1 initials1 or design be+ !n impress$ by movable m\lds or /amps1 g5]ally ( wood4 ,^! 7 irregul>ly plac$1 consequ5tly cr[ns1 roses1 crosses1 family badges1 & all k9ds ( emblems 7 dott$ promiscu\sly ov] ! plate4 ,"s ( ! pla9 plates ) cable-twi/ bord]s 7 probably us$ z he>?/ones & n z backs4 ,! /yles :i* 7 gradually develop$ 7 *iefly on ! same l9es z ^? :i* became popul> 9 ,france4 ,_! use l+]$ long 9 t c\ntry = until rec5tly 9 _m an old family mansion might h be5 se5 a plaque de *em9ee1 on :i* 0 ! coat ( arms & support]s ( ! orig9al own] ( ! *ateau1 & sometimes ( ! k+s ( ,france4 ,! ,sussex ironf\nd]s work$ *iefly at ,c[d51 ,hawkhur/1 & ,lamb]hur/1 & !re 7 =ges at ,cranbrook1 ,c\dhur/1 ,tonbridge1 & ,bidd5d54 ,! pr9cipal ironma/]s ( ,k5t 7 ! ,knights & ! ,ti*bornes1 ^: desc5dants became b>onets4 ,life is n z idle ore1 ,b iron dug f c5tral gloom1 ,& heat$ hot ) burn+ fe>s1 ,& dipp$ 9 ba?s ( hiss+ te>s1 ,& batt]$ ) ! %ocks ( doom ,to %ape & use4 ,,t5nyson1 ,9 ,memoriam4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,,sussex ,,back ,,) ,,royal ,,emblems4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,,sussex ,,back ,,) ,,arms ,,& ,,royal ,,initials4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,wayte1 ( ,ed5bridge47 ,fireirons & ,f5d]s4 ,fire brasses or fireirons came into vogue ) grates1 al?\gh ! sets n[ reg>d$ z old fire brasses1 "s ( :i* are v elaborate & massive1 made at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 7 fir/ us$ :5 f5d]s came into vogue2 in/ead ( be+ re>$ up alongside ! fire-dogs 9 ! *imney corn] !y re/$ on ! f5d]s4 ,!re is n mu* to di/+ui% ! v>iations 9 fireirons except ! obvi\s indications ( old] workman%ip & design1 :5 contra/$ ) mod]n irons4 ,! %ovel pans gave ! arti/ 9 metal "s opportunity = %[+ 8 skill 9 design & p]=at$ "w4 ,x is probable t ! e>lie/ =m ( %ovel 0 t kn[n z ! slide1 its use be+ to %ovel up ! a%es ( a wood fire1 an op]ation necess>y m frequ5tly !n ?an 9 mod]n days :5 coal has be5 ! pr9cipal fuel consum$4 ,"s ( ! old] specim5s are dat$1 & be> ! own]'s initials2 ?us "o au!ntic specim5 f ,%opnoll]1 9 ! ,quantock ,hills1 is engrav$1 ,i ,t4 #aghd4 ,_m ( ! ,dut* metal work]s produc$ v beautiful & decorative /&s on :i* m9iature sets ( ri* brasses 7 hung2 "s ( ! old ,engli% fireside /&s 7 arrang$ z receptacles = tongs1 %ovel1 & bru%1 & n[ & !n ! balu/] /em support$ by a tripod base _h a c5tral atta*m5t f :i* a toddy kettle c\ld be slung4 ,! brass toddy kettle =m]ly /ood ^u ! hob ( ! grate1 s++ m]rily1 always ready = ! cup ( tea :i* *e]s b n inebriates1 or1 z 0 frequ5tly ! case1 = ! prep>ation ( hot toddy or _s4 ,! evolution ( ! f5d] =ms a pleas+ /ory 9 connection ) ! +le side4 ,p]haps ! e>li] =m likely to int]e/ collectors ( h\sehold curios is t made ( p]=at$ brass1 (t5 "s #h 94 or #aj 94 9 dep?4 ,^! f5d]s /&+ on claw feet 7 aft]w>ds fitt$ ) bottom plates ( iron1 on :i* 0 a ridge or re/ aga9/ :i* ! fire brasses 7 prev5t$ f slipp+4 ,!n came iron or /eel scroll-%ap$ f5d]s1 tap]+ d[n f a few in*es 9 height at ! ends to c5tres almo/ level ) ! gr\nd4 ,to obviate ! inconv5i5ce ( !re be+ no re/+-place = ! fireirons loose supports 7 fitt$ into sockets at ! ends1 & ^! aft]w>ds 7 ca/ z "p ( ! scroll4 ,!n came ! /iff & =mal e>ly ,victorian metal "w--iron f5d]s ) /eel tops reliev$ occasionally by ormolu ornam5t4 ,^! 9 _! turn gave way to f5d] k]bs ( metal1 /one1 m>ble1 or tiles1 & loose ornam5t$ fire-dogs :i* h 9 m rec5t times s]v$ z re/s = ! fire brasses4 ,trivets & ,/ools4 ,comb9ation appliances 7 e>ly adopt$1 al?\gh we are apt at times to associate comb9$ ut5sils ) mod]n innovations4 ,! old ,engli% trivet ( wr\ght iron made 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 0 frequ5tly improv$ by ! addition ( a toa/+ =k1 :i* c\ld be adju/$ & set at c]ta9 angles s t ! toa/ c\ld be left 9 front ( ! fire = a few mom5ts until x 0 q ready to be tak5 (f & put on a plate /&+ conv5i5tly on ! trivet until ! di% or rack ( toa/ 0 complete4 7,"s sc>ce trivets are illu/rat$ 9 ,*ats on ,old ,copp] & ,brass47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--;,,f9e ,,c>v$ ,,walnut ,,wood ,,bell[s4 7,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,bell[s4 ,! ,g]mans 7 not$ = ! manufacture ( decorative bell[s cut & c>v$ 9 qua9t designs1 "s ( ! f9e/ examples be+ made 9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies4 ,o!rs 7 made 9 ,holl&1 "s ( ! ,dut* bell[s be+ inlaid ) "m-o'-pe>l4 ,!re are also examples ( old ,engli% c>v+1 ! /yle ( ! ornam5t tak+ ! =m ( ! designs on contempor>y oak furniture4 ,"s ( ! l>ge/ & h&some/ bell[s ( ,engli% make are ( late sev5te5?-c5tury workman%ip4 ,! example illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ac is a magnific5t specim51 n[ 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,,iii ,,! ,,lights ,,( ,,=m] ,,days ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,lights ,,( ,,=m] ,,days ,ru%lights & hold]s--,c&les1 m\lds1 & boxes--,snuff]s1 trays1 & ext+ui%]s--,oil lamps--,lant]ns4 ,h\sehold light+ has be5 "o cont9u\s ef=t to r5d] ! h\rs ( d>kness bright1 & to provide by artificial means a lum9osity :i* w\ld1 if n actually rivall+ ! sun1 enable m5 to c>ry on _! usual avocations ) ! same ease1 conv5i5ce1 & com=t aft] daylight _h disappe>$ z dur+ ! e>li] portion ( ! day4 ,e /age :i* has be5 advanc$ 9 artificial light+ has be5 welcom$ 9 ! home j z mu* z 9 ! factory & 9 ! work%op1 = !re are _m daily duties z well z pleasures & amusem5ts :i* are c>ri$ out mu* m satisfactorily :5 a good light is available ?an :5 !re are %ad[s & d>k corn]s only dimly light$4 ,to realize :at artificial light+ 0 9 ! days n[ happily long pa/1 x w\ld be necess>y to visit "s old-_w village1 if "o c\ld be f\nd1 :]e !re _h be5 no attempt at /reet light+1 & 9 :i* n ev5 oil _h p5etrat$4 ,! c&les ( v e>ly times did n give m ?an a dim glimm]1 & ! d>kness ( m$iaeval ,engl& c be imag9$ f ! primitive light+ appliances :i* are pres]v$4 ,=tunately ! entire /ory ( light+ z sci5ce came to ! aid ( trad] & h\sehold] is reveal$ 9 ! lights ( =m] days1 :i* z "t w5t on became m v>i$ & num]\s1 f\nd 9 collections ( well-au!nticat$ specim5s4 ,! sugge/$ caution impli$ is n unnecess>y1 = ! p]iods ov]lap1 & !re is b little to %[ :5 su* ?+s z lamps & lant]ns 7 actually made4 ,ru%lights & ,hold]s4 ,9 trac+ ! developm5t ( light+ f q homely beg9n+s1 ru%lights1 prep>$ by ! cottag] & ! f>m h& = ! w9t] supply1 seem to come fir/ on ! li/4 ,ru%lights1 h[ev]1 7 us$ 9 ?is c\ntry by _m until comp>atively rec5t times side by side ) lights mu* m advanc$4 ,b c5turies e>li] ?an we h any record ( artificial light+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & equally z long be=e any ( ! e>lie/ ,briti% curios ( light+ 7 us$1 light+ eng9e]s1 if we may s call !m1 9 ,greece1 ,rome1 ,egypt1 & /ill e>li] 9 o!r ,ea/]n c\ntries1 7 f> advanc$4 ,none ( ! light+ s*emes ( ! ,anci5ts1 h[ev]1 produc$ mu* m ?an ! dim light ( ! sw++ lamp 9 :i* oil 0 consum$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,,?ree ,,ru%light ,,hold]s4 7,9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales1 ,c>diff47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--,,?ree ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,old ,,oil ,,lamps4 ,to range side by side a numb] ( ru%light hold]s tak5 f di/ricts widely ap>t1 x becomes evid5t t !re 0 a /rik+ simil>ity betwe5 ! e>li] types4 ,! smi?s ev]y:]e seem to h fa%ion$ a simple contrivance by :i* ! ru%light or e>ly c&le c\ld be held upright1 & !n1 to give ! /ick solidity1 ! iron %aft 0 fa/5$ securely into a wood5 block1 :i* 0 v (t5 q out ( proportion to ! size & weight ( ! /&1 & app>5tly unnecess>ily l>ge & heavy4 ,9 ! l>g] examples ! hold] is (t5 made to slide ^u an upright rod s z to be useful at diff]5t heights4 ,! slid+ rod 0 ne$$1 = ! light s dim c\ld only be ( real s]vice :5 q close to ! p]son us+ x1 or to ! "w x 0 int5d$ to illum9e 7see ,figs4 #d & #e74 ,al?\gh "s ( ! m elaborate & advanc$ hold]s 7 ( copp] or brass1 mo/ ( !m 7 ( iron1 ! "w ( local smi?s1 few ( :om made any attempt to decorate :at !y evid5tly reg>d$ z /rictly utilit>ian articles 7see ,fig4 #ad74 ,al?\gh ru%lights ant$at$ c&les1 "s ( ! hold]s 7 made to answ] a dual purpose1 & on ! same /em or slide z ! ru%light hold] !re 0 a c&le socket1 an important feature fully exemplifi$ 9 ,figs4 #d & #e4 ,c&les1 ,m\lds1 & ,boxes4 ,! collector ( h\sehold curios does n tr\ble ab\t ! c&les2 8 object is to secure a few c&le m\lds1 c&le boxes1 &1 ( c\rse1 c&le/icks4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be conv5i5t "h to ref] to ! m\ld+ ( c&les :i* 0 at "o "t a dome/ic duty j z x _h be5 to collect ru%es & aft] !y 7 dri$ dip !m 9 fat1 & to make lights :i* w\ld burn ) m or less /ead9ess4 ,! c&les 7 made f v>i\s fats1 mu* ( :i* 0 accumulat$ 9 ! kit*5 dur+ ! processes ( cook+1 supplem5t$ by o!r +r$i5ts deem$ be/ = ! purpose4 ,! c&le m\lds or tubes 9 :i* wicks 7 ins]t$ 7 ( v>y+ capacities & rang$ f two to a doz5 or m4 ,! m\lds 7 dipp$ 9 tr\ghs ( fat1 hav+ be5 heat$ suffici5tly to melt ! fat4 ,! process 0 by no means new1 9 t x 0 us$ 9 ?is c\ntry by ! ,saxons2 & at a /ill e>li] p]iod c&les 7 made by ! ,romans1 = among ! sundry objects pick$ up among ! uncov]$ ru9s ( ,h]culaneum h be5 small pieces ( c&le ends4 ,!re 0 b little advance 9 ! art ( c&le-mak+1 = ! c&le1 briefly describ$ z a rod ( solidifi$ tall[ or wax surr\nd+ a wick1 rema9$ almo/ unimprov$ until ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 sp]maceti 0 introduc$1 & 9 m rec5t ye>s p>aff9 has be5 sub/itut$4 ,c&les 7 hung up by _! wicks 9 bun*es until requir$ = use1 b ^? ne$$ = imm$iate supply 7 always kept 9 c&le boxes4 ,x is ^! boxes ( copp]1 brass1 & t9 :i* are s\ght aft]4 ,! decorat$ japann$ t9 boxes are v pleas+1 & "s ( ! be/1 ornam5t$ aft] ! ,*9ese /yle or pa9t$ ) little sc5es1 & ri* 9 gold ornam5t1 especially ^? made ) o!r japann$ w>es at ,pontypool 9 ,s\? ,wales1 are desirable acquisitions4 ,( ! v>ieties ( c&le/icks !re is no end4 ,! two great divisions are ! pill> or table c&le/icks1 & ! *amb] c&le/icks4 ,! fir/ nam$ are *iefly se5 ) a small socket & flange to cat* ! runn+ tall[1 ! la/ m5tion$ h l>g] di%es :i* cat* ! drips f c&les :i* are be+ c>ri$ ab\t4 ,among ! v>ieties are ! e>lie/ =m ( pricket c&le/ick on :i* ! c&le 0 /uck1 ! bell c&le/icks1 & ! c&le/icks :i* 7 fix$ on brackets aga9/ ! wall4 ,z "t w5t on v>i$ mat]ials 7 introduc$1 & ornam5t 0 *iefly 9 accord ) prevail+ /yles1 :i* influ5c$ ! mak] ( c&le/icks z all o!r metal "w4 ,iron1 copp]1 brass1 pewt]1 silv]1 & ,britannia metal & wood h be5 us$1 & _m ( ! h&some/ *&eli]s & brackets are ^? made ( lu/res & cut glass4 ,! l>ge *&eli]s hung a c5tury or two ago at great exp5se 9 ! c5tre ( l>ge rooms h frequ5tly be5 reta9$1 & gas & electric light h be5 introduc$ in/ead ( c&les4 ,9 ,fig4 #af we illu/rate two exce$+ly well-pres]v$ old walnut floor-c&le/icks1 ) brass sconces4 ,!y come f ! ,si/] ,isle1 :]e !re are /ill curios to be met )4 ,snuff]s1 ,trays1 & ,ext+ui%]s4 ,!re 7 difficulties to cont5d ) 9 ! use ( c&les1 *iefly on acc\nt ( ! irregul> burn+ ( c&les :5 expos$ to ! slighte/ draught1 & to ! imp]fect combu/ion1 :i* left a *>r$ piece ( wick :i* x 0 necess>y to remove to make ! c&le burn once m4 ,!n1 aga91 ! ext9ction ( a burn+ c&le involv$ "s skill1 & in/rum5ts 7 devis$ to effect ?is )\t caus+ unpleasant od\rs or smoke to arise4 ,previ\s to ! use ( lant]ns out ( doors1 & (t5times :5 halls & corridors 7 imp]fectly light$1 tor*es ?ru/ into ! op5 fire & ?us light$ 7 us$4 ,ext+ui%]s ( iron 7 frequ5tly erect$ ne> an outside door1 or add$ to ! iron rail+s outside ! h\se4 ,^! 7 = ! purpose ( ext+ui%+ l9ks--_m su* are to be se5 /ill outside old ,london h\ses4 ,!y 7 ! prototypes f :i* orig9at$ ! ord9>y =m ( *amb] c&le ext+ui%]1 frequ5tly fa/5$ to ! /ick by a *a94 ,! ext+ui%]s us$ 9 ! e>ly days ( c&les are kn[n n[ z snuff]-ext+ui%]s1 to di/+ui% !m f snuff]s 7! old "n 0 d\bt]s74 ,9 =m !y 7 n unlike scissors2 ! two circul> metal plates ( :i* !y 7 =m$ clos$ 9 & compress$ ! wick1 !reby ext+ui%+ ! light4 ,! e>li] snuff]s _h v l>ge boxes1 & "s 7 rem>kably h&some1 an exceptionally f9e example be+ %[n 9 ,fig4 #ag4 ,!y 7 discov]$ 9 an old h\se at ,corton1 9 ,dorset1 9 #agfh1 & 7 describ$ by a writ] t[>ds ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury ?us3 ,!y are ( brass & weigh ab\t #f ounces4 ,_! con/ruction consi/s ( two equilat]al cavities1 by ! edges ( :i* ! snuff is cut (f & receiv$ into ! cavity f :i* x is n got out )\t mu* tr\ble4 ,snuff]s ( iron1 & lat] ( /eel1 are ! common] =ms1 b !y are frequ5tly ( brass & ( silv] & ,%effield plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,,two ,,walnut ,,wood ,,floor-,,c&le/icks4 7,9 ! collection ( ,w4 ,egan ,sons1 ,ltd41 ( ,cork47 ,! ne$ ( "s conv5i5t tray or receptacle = ! snuff]s1 n always ov]-clean :5 !y _h be5 us$ a few times1 0 met at fir/ by :at are kn[n z snuff] /&s made ( wr\ght metal1 & (t5 v ornam5tal4 ,!n came ! oblong tray ( conv5i5t %ape1 foll[+ 9 its decoration & ornam5t prevail+ /yles 9 o!r dome/ic t9 or metal "w4 ,9 ?is connection x %\ld be po9t$ out t !re are _m v>ieties ( tap] hold]s & /&s us$ = ! small wax tap]s1 !n common on ! writ+ table4 ,oil ,lamps4 ,al?\gh oil _h long be5 a recogniz$ illum9ant f :i* a good artificial light c\ld be obta9$1 x 0 n until ! eighte5? c5tury t any m>k$ attempt 0 made to sub/itute oil = c&les 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,= really beautiful lamps we h to g back to ! bronze lamps ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome1 & ! t]ra-cotta lamps ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 _m ( :i* 7 exce$+ly int]e/+4 ,h\sehold]s 9 ,engl&1 & 9 ,am]ica1 too1 pref]r$ ! beautiful silv] c&le/icks & ^? *>m+ & arti/ic scrolls :i* once decorat$ ! walls ( ! h\ses ( ! well-to-d4 ,!re came a "t1 h[ev]1 :5 oil lamps 7 re9/at$1 & al?\gh c&les /ill held sway & 7 difficult to displace1 inv5tors & mak]s ( oil lamps began to compete = ! light+ indu/ry4 ,! ?ree old lamps n[ 9 ! ,c>diff ,museum1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #ae1 mu/ be class$ among ! common] types ( e>ly lamps1 once pl5tiful 9 f>mh\ses & cottages4 ,! lamp us$ on ! table 9 ,victorian days 0 ! mod]ator lamp1 ! pr9ciple ( :i* 0 a spr+ =c+ ! oil up ?r\gh ! burn]--b su* lamps h no claim ^u ! curio hunt] ei!r = beauty ( =m or r>ity ( mat]ial4 ,^! lamps1 :i* burn$ colza or se$ oil1 7 sup]s$$ 9 "t by p>aff9 & petroleum lamps4 ,n[ & !n "s wond]ful inv5tion fla%$ across ! sc5e1 b al?\gh v>i\s mod]n improv$ burn]s h come & gone1 ! lamp1 except+ = purposes ( ornam5t & decorative effect1 has giv5 way to coal gas &1 9 m mod]n times1 to electric light+4 ,!re are few h\sehold curios ( any value associat$ ) oil light+1 & z yet gas is too new6 ,lant]ns4 ,! portable lant]n made ( iron & t9 & glaz$ ) horn 0 long an indisp5sable feature 9 e h\sehold4 ,horn lant]ns 7 c>ri$ ab\t ev]y:]e 9 ! days be=e /reet light+ 0 g5]al1 & to "s ext5t !y are ne$$ 9 c\ntry di/ricts to-day4 ,!re is a rem>kable simil>ity betwe5 ! mod]n glass lant]ns ( circul> type & ! old wat*man's lant]ns ( a c\ple ( c5turies ago4 ,! same design seems to h s]v$ ! purpose ?r\gh _m g5]ations1 & to h be5 duplicat$ aga9 & aga94 ,among ! anci5t lant]ns are "s 9 :i* c&les h be5 burn$1 & o!rs :]e ! c&le socket has be5 utiliz$ = ! ins]tion ( a socket oil lamp4 ,9 m mod]n times ! horn has giv5 place to glass4 ,! c>riage lamps ( =m] days s]v$ _! purposes well1 & al?\gh "s are c]ta9ly antique1 !y are by no means desirable curios4 ,! light !y gave :5 driv+ ?r\gh a c\ntry lane 0 inde$ a dim flick] comp>$ ) ! p[]ful arcs ( ! mod]n motor-c>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--;,,f9e ,,pair ,,( ,,anci5t ,,snuff]s4 ,! beacon fire is no long] se5 on h\setops1 nei!r is ! lant]n 9 ! y>d & ! ve/ibule furni%$ ) a c&le2 b curi\sly en\gh1 ev5 9 ! mo/ mod]n appo9t$ h\ses1 s great is ! love = ! antique 9 ! furni%+s ( to-day1 t beautifully modell$ little replicas ( ! old horn lant]ns are hung 9 entrance halls & passages--b in/ead ( ! c&le !re is ! electric bulb6 ,,iv ,,table ,,appo9tm5ts ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,table ,,appo9tm5ts ,cutl]y3 ,knives1 =ks1 & spoons--,salt cell>s--,cruet /&s--,pun* & toddy--,porr+]s & cups--,trays & wait]s--,! tea table--,cream jugs--,sug> tongs & nipp]s--,caddies--,cupids--,nutcrack]s-- ,turn$ woodw>e4 ,x is v difficult to realize 9 ^! days ( ref9em5t & ( comp>ative luxury1 ev5 9 ! homes ( ! work+ classes1 :at ! table appo9tm5ts mu/ h be5 9 e>ly ,engli% homes4 ,sometimes gl[+ acc\nts are giv5 ( ! fea/+ ( old5 "t2 b no d\bt _m ( ! great occasions contra/$ 9 _! luxuri\s magnific5ce ) ! usual mode ( liv+4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 ! days ( fe$+ r ?an ( ref9em5t 9 p>tak+ ( ! sumptu\s fea/4 ,! table appo9tm5ts on su* occasions 7 crude & simple1 & !y 7 altoge!r abs5t f ! tables ( ! l[] classes4 ,x is difficult1 inde$1 to realize t ! conditions "u :i* p liv$ 9 m$iaeval ,engl&1 9 ! days :5 ! b>on & 8 foll[]s assembl$ 9 ! great hall1 & ) 8 *os5 companions sat above ! salt1 satisfi$ m5 ( weal?2 x 01 h[ev]1 9 accord ) ! _s ( ! age4 ,! primitive me?ods ( s]v+ up food & eat+ x obs]v$ by ! majority ( p !n w\ld be look$ ^u ) disgu/ n[adays by e "o4 ,! table appo9tm5ts 7 n only v few1 b ^? :i* 7 us$1 l ! knife & spoon1 7 (t5 br\ght into ! fea/+ hall by ^? :o 7 to use !m4 ,! poli%$ oak5 bo>d 0 (t5 lad5 ) r\gh & readily prep>$ di%es1 ! result ( "s =tunate exp$ition or ( a prosp]\s hunt4 ,! knife 0 ! *ief implem5t us$ until comp>atively rec5t days1 = =ks are q a mod]n innovation4 ,! spoon1 x is true1 goes back to ho>y antiquity1 b 9 ,engl&1 ev5 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 spoons 7 us$ *iefly = ecclesia/ical purposes4 ,9 ,h>rison's ,elizabe?an ,engl& we read t ! times _h *ang$1 = in/ead ( tre5 platt]s !re 7 pewt] plates1 & t9 or silv] spoons in/ead ( wood4 ,cutl]y3 ,knives1 ,=ks1 & ,spoons4 ,! t]m cutl]y1 d]iv$ f c\tell]ie1 ! ,fr5* = cutl]y1 _h be5 evolv$ f cult]1 ! ,lat9 = knife4 ,prim>ily x ref]r$ to cutt+ in/rum5ts1 & especially to knives1 b 9 a g5]al way1 :5 speak+ ( table cutl]y1 spoons & =ks may appropriately be includ$4 ,e>ly records ref]r+ to cutl]y indiscrim9ately use ! t]ms knives & swords2 inde$1 ! arms grant$ to ! ,london ,cutl]s' ,company 9 ! sixte5? ye> ( ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iv are two swords1 cross$2 lat] a cre/1 consi/+ ( an elephant be>+ a ca/le1 0 add$4 ,hom] tells u ( knives c>ri$ at ! girdle 9 8 day1 & describes !m z ( triangul> =m4 ,! ,anglo-,saxons & ! ,normans c>ri$ ab\t ) !m met-soex or eat+ knives1 b x 0 n until ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury t knives 7 us$ at table1 o!r ?an ^? :i* 7 c>ri$ at ! girdle1 e man us+ 8 own cutl]y4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,%effield 0 e>ly not$ = ! manufacture ( knives1 = ,*auc] tells u1 ,a ,s*effeld ?witel b>e he 9 8 hose4 ,ano!r =m ( spell+ ! ^w :i* d5ot$ knife 0 troytel1 & f ^! t]ms is d]iv$ :ittle4 ,! jack knife came 9 9 ! days ( ,james ,i1 aft] :om x 0 nam$1 ! orig9al t]m be+ ,jacques-te-leg1 ^! knives %utt+ into a groove or h&le )\t spr+ or lock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,,h&somely ,,decorat$ ,,knife ,,case ,,& ,,cont5ts4 7,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,! mak+ ( a table knife ev5 9 e>ly times necessitat$ ! "w ( _m h&s1 = tak+ "p 9 its production 7 ! smi?s :o =g$ x1 ! blad]s :o made ! blade out ( ! metal already hamm]$1 & ! haft-mak]s4 ,:5 ! knife 0 complete x 0 h&$ to ! %ea?-mak]s1 :o fa%ion$ ! %ea? ( lea!r1 & sometimes encas$ x 9 metal4 ,! ho/ did n provide table cutl]y = 8 gue/s until ! reign ( ,elizabe?4 ,9 e>li] times x 0 left to ! travell] to provide himself ) :atev] he deem$ necess>y2 ?us x is record$ t :5 ,h5ry ,,vi made a t\r 9 ! nor? he c>ri$ ) him knife1 =k1 & spoon1 z x 0 /at$ he sc>cely expect$ to f9d any at ! h\ses ( ! nobility4 ,f t cu/om1 no d\bt1 arose ! common practice ( fitt+ sep>ate sets1 & aft]w>ds sets = m ?an "o p]son1 9 cases1 ! mat]ials us$ be+ = _m ye>s ! beautifully emboss$ cuir b\lli lea!r "w4 ,que5 ,elizabe? c>ri$ h] knife & o!r appo9tm5ts at h] girdle1 a cu/om foll[$ by h] ladies2 al?\gh x is said t at ! ,c\rt ( ! virg9 que5 x 0 cu/om>y = ! g5tlem5 c\rti]s to cut up ! meat on ! platt]s ( ! fair ones ) :om !y 7 d9+2 ! ladies at t "t be+ cont5t to prove ! tru? ( ! adage1 ,f+]s 7 made be=e =ks4 ,collectors soon realize t !re 7 _m =ms ( knives ev5 among/ ^? specially res]v$ = table use4 ,bo? blades & h&les h pass$ ?r\gh _m /ages 9 ! gradual evolution f ! hunt+ knife to ! cutl]y on ! mod]n d9n] table4 ,! blades h be5 n>r[ & po9t$ l dagg]s1 & !y h be5 scimit>-%ap$1 & r\nd$ (f at ! po9t4 ,! qualities ( ! mat]ial h *ang$1 too1 ,%effield cutl]s & ^? ( o!r places vy+ ) "o ano!r4 ,! cutl]y trade has long drift$ nor?1 al?\gh at "o "t ! memb]s ( ! ,london ,cutl]s' ,company 7 pr\d ( ! quality ( _! goods1 & boa/$ ( _! knives be+ ,london made1 haft & blade4 ,?is anci5t ,guild tri$ h>d to ma9ta9 _! pre-em95ce1 & 9 ! days ( ,elizabe? obta9$ a ,*>t] prohibit+ all /rang]s f br++ any knives into ,engl& f beyond ! seas4 ,! c>v+ knife seems to h _h a sep>ate desc5t f ! l>ge hunt+ knives us$ to cut up b>ons ( beef1 roa/$ ox51 & portions :i* 7 cut (f ! jo9t = ea* individual or = sev]al p]sons4 ,=ks = table use 7 a mu* lat] inv5tion1 al?\gh !re 7 l>g] meat =ks1 fle% =ks1 & heavi] iron kit*5 appliances 7see ,*apt] ,v74 ,9 v e>ly times small =ks1 ( :i* !re are "s 9 ! ,guildhall ,museum dat+ f ,roman & ,saxon times1 7 *iefly us$ = fruit4 ,! use ( =ks at table1 = meat1 is attribut$ to ! inv5tion ( an ,italian1 & ! cu/om ?us />t$ rapidly spread 9 good society on ! ,cont95t ( ,europe4 ,?omas ,coryate1 a not$ travell]1 is said to h introduc$ !m into ,g]many1 & aft]w>ds into ,engl&1 :]e _! use 0 at fir/ mu* ridicul$ z effem9ate1 ! =k-c>v+ travell] be+ spok5 ( 9 contempt4 ,=ks 7 9 regul> use 9 ,engl& e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,dean ,/anley1 9 8 ,memorials ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 quotes f ! ,*apt] ,book ( #aeed1 9 :i* x is /at$ by ,dean ,we/on 7#aeec-f7 t ! ,college d9n]s became some:at disord]ly1 =ks & knives 7 toss$ freely to & fro4 ,! old table =ks 7 two-prong$1 ! prongs be+ long & set ne> toge!r2 ! /eel =ks ( ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury 7 ?ree-prong$1 & ano!r prong 0 add$ lat]1 ! latt] =m be+ adapt$ by ! mak]s ( silv] =ks 9 m rec5t ye>s4 ,9 ,fig4 #ah is %[n a v h&some knife case & its cont5ts1 :i* are to be se5 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,9 ,fig4 #ai ano!r example ( a set ( knife1 =k1 & spoon 9 ! same collection is illu/rat$4 ,! spoon is1 l ! knife1 ( great antiquity4 ,x is said to h be5 sugge/$ by %ells on ! %ore1 & by ! holl[ ( ! h& :i* 9 ! mo/ primitive days 0 us$ to dr9k )4 ,! mo/ beautiful old spoons are ^? made ( silv]1 a magnific5t pair be+ %[n 9 ,fig4 #bj4 ,_m su* spoons are n[ almo/ priceless1 especially ! mu*-valu$ ,apo/le spoons1 (t5 giv5 9 old5 "t z *ri/5+ gifts4 ,silv] spoons m correctly belong to antique silv]1 :i* =ms ano!r bran* ( curio-collect+4 ,( spoons !re are _m made ( o!r mat]ials ?an silv]1 "s be+ c>v$ 9 wood 7see ,*apt] ,,xiii71 o!rs ( ivory1 & "s ( bone4 ,_m ( ! old] spoons 7 made ( brass or latt52 b :5 silv] became popul> table spoons ( silv] 7 procur$ :5ev] x 0 possible to af=d !m1 & a collection includ+ 9 ! v>ieties ! ,apo/le & ! seal top1 & its v>i\s developm5ts f ! rat-tail to ! fiddle1 is obta9able4 ,z reg>d+ spoons ,we/man has writt53 ,! spoon is "o ( ! fir/ ?+s want$ :5 we come into ! _w1 & x is "o ( ! la/ ?+s we "p ) be=e we g out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--,,knife1 ,,=k1 ,,& ,,spoon4 7,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,! collector revels 9 ! beautifully engrav$ blades ( ! r>] curios2 9 ! h&les s v>i$ 9 _! mat]ials & ornam5t2 & 9 ! cases 9 :i* knives1 =ks1 & spoons h 9 _m in/ances be5 pres]v$4 ,f ! curios 9 museums & f family treasures x is evid5t t mu* ( ! cutl]y has be5 pres5t$ z donations to ! h\sekeep+ outfit ( a newly-m>ri$ c\ple1 or giv5 z pres5tation sets or pieces on "s special occasion2 j z cutl]y is (t5 *os5 = pres5tation purposes to-day4 ,f ! sixte5? c5tury onw>ds su* sets h be5 made & pres5t$4 ,! rec5tly arrang$ cutl]y room 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 t great art treasure-h\se ( ! nation1 conta9s an exceptionally repres5tative collection4 ,9 "s in/ances ! examples are only s+le specim5s :i* may h be5 pres5t$ sep>ately1 or !y may h =m$ "p ( a m complete set4 ,!re are sets ( c>v+ knives ) long blades1 =ks ) d\ble prongs1 & broad-po9t$ flat-blad$ s]v]s1 _m ( !m et*$ & engrav$ all ov]4 ,ev5 aft] c>v]s 7 regul> features on ! table ! small knives & =ks 7 br\ght by ! gue/s :o 7 bidd5 to ! fea/1 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t x 0 n until #afgj t ,pr9ce ,rup]t br\ght ! fir/ complete set ( =ks to ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum !re is a v beautiful little knife1 ! h&le ( :i* is delicately c>v$1 ! gr\p :i* con/itutes ! design repres5t+ our fir/ p>5ts /&+ b5ea? ! ,tree ( ,k1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! wily s]p5t is cunn+ly conceal$4 ,ano!r pair consi/+ ( a v h&some knife & =k h h&les repres5t+ animals & grotesque figures4 ,^! 7 ! "w ( ,dut* arti/s 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury2 b curi\sly en\gh ! qua9t lea!r case 9 :i* ?is knife & =k are enclos$ 0 evid5tly ( e>li] date1 = x has ^u x #aeih4 ,"s ( ! cases ( lea!r made by ! cuir b\lli process are circul>1 !re be+ sep>ate holes = ea* ( ! knives !y 7 int5d$ to conta94 ,"s ( ! knives are v curi\s1 especially ^? ) wood5 or horn h&les ( sixte5? & e>ly sev5te5?-c5tury make1 :i* h be5 f\nd 9 consid]able numb]s 9 ,moorfields & ,f9sbury1 along ) %>p5+ /eels4 ,! ord9>y table knives ( a little lat] date1 :5 !y 7 sold 9 half-doz5s & doz5s along ) two-prong$ =ks1 7 decorative1 _! h&les be+ made ( mat]ials v>y+ 9 quality & 9 ! excell5ce ( _! manufacture4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful sets ( r>e hi/oric value n[ on view 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum is "p ( a set ( f\rte51 ! ivory h&les be+ c>v$ to repres5t ! k+s & que5s ( ,engl&4 ,^! r>e examples ( ! ,engli% cutl]'s & ivory c>v]'s art1 dat$ #afjg1 h blades damasc5$ ) gold4 ,!re are knives also ) h&les ( amb]1 "o v rem>kable set 9 amb] ov] foil be+ decorat$ ) ! figure ( ,*ri/ & ,8 ,apo/les on "o side ( ! h&les1 & on ! o!r side !re is ! ,apo/les' ,cre$4 ,among o!r mat]ials us$ 9 ! manufacture ( h&les = knives & =ks1 "s ( ! latt] hav+ two prongs & o!rs ?ree1 *iefly made 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 are3 ,batt]sea enamel on copp]1 ,/af=d%ire agate w>e1 ,meiss5 porcela91 ,v5etian millefiore glass1 ,b[ porcela91 jasp]1 ,v5etian av5tur9e glass1 enamell$ e>!nw>e1 & ,*antilly porcela94 ,9 _m in/ances ^! h&les made ( su* beautiful mat]ials are fur!r decorat$ by m9iature pa9t$ sc5es & floral ornam5ts4 ,ano!r fav\rite mat]ial is bone1 "s ( ! old] h&les be+ /a9$1 mo/ly gre51 aft]w>ds decorat$ ) appli$ silv] 9 floral & geometrical designs4 ,!re are a few maple-wood h&les ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & o!rs ( /ag's horn & ( %agre54 ,! knife box ) its divisions1 ref]r$ to else:]e1 is exemplifi$ 9 _m rem>kably f9e cases to be se5 9 our museums & 9 isolat$ specim5s 9 private collections4 ,! int]e/ 9 a collection ( h\sehold ut5sils is greatly enhanc$ by ! halo ( romance :i* surr\nds ! uses ( "s ( !m4 ,?is is se5 & und]/ood by ! collector ( cutl]y p]haps m ?an ( any?+ else1 = _m old cu/oms h be5 associat$ ) ! giv+ ( cutl]y1 & sup]/iti\s beliefs h crept 94 ,! gift ( cutl]y at w$d+s 0 n always ! prosaic ?+ x is n[adays1 = ! cases & ev5 ! knives 7 (t5 accompani$ by "s s5tim5tal rhyme or poetic inscription4 ,two knives1 app>5tly ! gift ( bride & bridegroom to "o ano!r1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 are engrav$ ) sep>ate inscriptions4 ,"o reads3-- ,my love is fixt ,i w n range1 ,i l my *oice ,i w n *ange2 :ile on ! o!r is engrav$3-- ,witt1 weal?1 & beauty all doe well ,b con/ant love do? fair excell4 #afgf4 ,! e>ly uses ( knives 9 association ) religi\s rites are int]e/+1 z1 = in/ance1 ! gold5 knife ) :i* ! old ,druids cut ! mi/letoe ) pomp & mu* my/ic c]emony4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians made use ( ! knife & symboliz$ ! cross :5 fea/+2 inde$1 ! old c\ntry habit--:i* is n[ deem$ a sign ( vulg>ity--( cross+ ! knife & =k aft] d9+1 took its orig9 9 t act ( devotion1 = toge!r !y =m ! ,greek cross4 ,br[n+ ref]s to ! cu/om :5 he says3-- ,knife & =k he nev] lays ,crosswise1 to my recollection1 ,z ,i d 9 ,jesu's praise4 ,9 ,russia ?is cu/om ( ! peasantry 0 deep-root$2 & !re !y 7 c>eful to take up ! knife & =k & lay !m d[n on ! plate cross$ be=e comm5c+ _! (t5 meagre meal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--,,pair ,,( ,,decorat$ ,,spoons4 7,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,/range to say t al?\gh knives & =ks h be5 cross$ 9 rev]5ce1 to cross knives has be5 deem$ unlucky1 & to pres5t a maid5 ) a pair ( scissors--two cross$ blades--has long be5 held by ^? :o believe 9 su* signs z unlucky4 ,to give a knife is to cut luck--s ! leg5d runs2 h5ce s _m :5 pres5t+ a pocket knife w dem& a p5ny 7z ! smalle/ co9 :5 silv] p5nies 7 9 circulation7 9 return4 ,! ,rev4 ,samuel ,bi%op1 ,m4,a41 ,ma/] ( ! ,m]*ant ,taylors' ,s*ool 9 #agie1 wrote ! foll[+ l9es on ! subject ( pres5t+ a knife to 8 wife3-- ,a knife1 de> girl1 cuts love1 !y say-- ,m]e modi% love p]haps x may3 ,= any tool ( any k9d ,c sep>ate :at 0 nev] jo9'd4 ,salt ,cell>s4 ,! condim5ts ( ! table 7 usually suppli$ 9 sep>ate vessels4 ,! use ( salt ) meat goes back to primitive times1 al?\gh we h few records ( ! vessels 9 :i* x 0 s]v$4 ,! ,arab *ief (f]s 8 gue/ salt z an act ( fri5d%ip1 & z su* x is p>tak5 (4 ,! classic ,anci5ts consecrat$ salt be=e us+ x1 & ! salt cell> 0 plac$ ^u ! table toge!r ) ! fir/ fruits = ! gods1 ^? to :om !y 7 (f]$ be+ g5]ally ,h]cules or ,m]cury4 ,! ,greek salt cell>s 7 %ap$ l b[ls1 & z ! salt became an important feature z a divid+ l9e betwe5 ri* & poor1 ! size ( ! cell> grew4 ,to realize ! importance ( ! salt cell> 9 m$iaeval ,engl&1 we h only to visit ! ,t[] ( ,london1 :]e ! great salt cell>s ( ,/ate are kept4 ,! l>ge /&+ salt 0 ! divid+ l9e ^u ! table4 ,salt cell>s dat+ f ! f\rte5? c5tury are 9 exi/5ce1 & _m curi\sly %ap$ designs int]v5$ be=e ! bell-%ap$ salts :i* 7 fa%ionable 9 ! days ( ,elizabe? & ! tr5*] salts ( ,que5 ,anne & ! e>ly ,georges4 ,salt cell>s ) feet came into fa%ion 9 ! reign ( ,george ,,ii2 !n foll[$ _m m9or *anges until ! beautifully p]=at$ salt cell>s ) blue l9]s be>+ hall-m>ks dat+ f ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury came into vogue4 ,x is f among ! ,georgian table appo9tm5ts t collectors ga!r mo/ ( _! specim5s4 ,! mat]ials ( :i* ^! salt cell>s 7 made v>y2 !re are /]l+ silv]1 antique pewt]1 & ,%effield plate2 & !re are salt cell>s ( *9a & porcela9 :i* may well be includ$ 9 a collection ( table curios4 ,cruet ,/&s4 ,! sep>ate bottles or cruets1 ca/]s1 mu/>d pots1 & v r>ely salts1 7 gradually ga!r$ toge!r & plac$ 9 a frame :i* grew big 9 late ,georgian & e>ly ,victorian days4 ,= conv5i5ce ! /& 0 plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! table1 & (t5 made to revolve4 ,su* cruets are met ) 9 silv] & o!r metals1 also 9 papi]-ma*e1 (t5 ornam5t$ ) "m-o'-pe>l & pa9t$ fl[]s4 ,! greate/ int]e/1 h[ev]1 is f\nd 9 collect+ sep>ate bottles1 su* z ^? *>m+ ,bri/ol glass cruets1 ornam5t$ ) fl[]s & lett]$ ) ! names ( _! cont5ts1 su* z ,,v9eg>1 ,,salad ,,oil1 ,,mu/>d1 ,,pepp]4 ,!re is a great] v>iety ( =m 9 ! metal cruets & ca/]s1 :i* foll[$ ! prevail+ /yles silv]smi?s 7 !n employ+4 ,especially graceful are ! old pepp]ettes & vase-%ap$ ca/]s4 ,! woodturn]1 too1 contribut$ to ! table appo9tm5ts ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! c>v] made "s curi\s & ev5 grotesque figures1 ! heads ( :i* took (f1 & ?us =m$ pepp] ca/]s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ not$ grotesque sets rem9ds u ( ! ,toby fill-pot jugs 9 =m1 a complete set consi/+ ( two salts1 two mu/>ds1 & two pepp] pots4 ,g5u9e specim5s are v difficult to meet ) n[1 al?\gh ^? ,/af=d%ire cruets h be5 reproduc$1 & are (f]$ ei!r s+ly or 9 sets2 b ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! g5u9e antique & ! mod]n replica ought n to deceive ev5 an amateur4 ,!re are v>ieties ( mu/>d pots1 :i* 7 9 turn r\nd1 oval1 squ>e1 hexagonal1 & cyl9drical1 "s be+ l m9iature well buckets ) p]=at$ sides & blue metal l9]s4 ,pun* & ,toddy4 ,a hundr$ ye>s ago ! pun* b[l 0 insep>able f ! convivial fea/4 ,x 0 a fav\rite sidebo>d ornam5t1 & f\nd 9 frequ5t use on ! d9+ table1 r\nd :i* smok]s & c>d play]s drew up & fill$ _! glasses ) pun* & toddy4 ,ladles 7 indisp5sable1 & 7 v>i$ 9 =m & 9 ! mat]ials ( :i* !y 7 compos$4 ,pun* ladles 7 9 e>li] days made ( *]ry-wood1 m\nt$ ) a silv] rim & fitt$ ) a long h&le1 (t5 made ( twi/$ horn4 ,! horn1 :i* 0 some:at pliable1 0 secur$ to ! b[l by a silv] socket4 ,o!r ladles 7 made entirely ( silv]1 "s hav+ a curr5t co9 ( ! realm1 a gu9ea pref]ably1 fix$ 9 ! bottom ( ! b[l--= luck4 ,"s ( ! ladles 7 beautifully decorat$ 9 rep\sse1 o!rs 7 %ap$ l sauce boats2 !re 7 ladles )\t lips1 o!rs deep l ! porr+]s1 & yet o!rs 7 q r\nd l a dr9k+ b[l4 ,"s are family heirlooms1 o!rs h be5 pur*as$ 9 curio %ops1 & un=tunately dur+ ! la/ few ye>s s great has be5 ! dem& = !m t _m mod]n copies h be5 palm$ (f z g5u9e antiques4 ,! hall-m>k on ! rim is 9 _m in/ances a gu>antee ( age1 al?\gh "s ( ! g5u9e specim5s d n appe> to h be5 hall-m>k$ at all4 ,! fact t an old co9 is f\nd fix$ )9 ! b[l is no crit]ion ( antiquity1 & does n always indicate t ! pun* ladle itself is contempor>y ) ! co91 = old co9s are common en\gh & readily fix$ 9 new ladles4 ,collectors ( old *9a simply revel 9 pun* b[ls4 ,pun* 0 at ! height ( its popul>ity :5 mo/ ( ! dome/ic porcela9 & decorative *9a1 n[ r>e & valuable1 0 be+ made4 ,! be/ kn[n pott]s 9 ,worce/]1 ,d]by1 ,bri/ol1 ,liv]pool1 & ! ,pott]ies made pun* b[ls1 "s ornam5t$ ) _! *>act]i/ic decorations2 o!rs 7 specially emblematical1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! b[ls cov]$ ) masonic signs2 "s 7 nautical 9 design1 & _m 7 enri*$ ) coats ( arms & cre/s4 ,sev]al ( ! pun* b[ls belong+ to ! old ,city ,companies are on view 9 ! ,guildhall ,museum1 & isolat$ specim5s are se5 to be 9 o!r places4 ,ori5tal *9a 0 at t "t be+ import$ into ?is c\ntry v ext5sively1 & "s rem>kably delicate b[ls1 contra/+ ) ,mason's /rong iron/one1 are obta9able4 ,^! b[ls1 ladles1 & ! *>m+ little egg-%ap$ boxes :i* =m]ly conta9$ a nutmeg & a t9y grat] are h\sehold table furni%+s ( exceptional int]e/4 ,x may int]e/ "s to le>n t pun*1 :i* came into vogue 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 d]iv$ its "n f a ,h9du/ani ^w signify+ five1 indicative ( ! five +r$i5ts ( :i* x 0 compos$--_s1 wat]1 sug>1 lemon1 & spice4 ,porr+]s & ,cups4 ,al?\gh /]l+ silv] & o!r mat]ials f :i* dr9k+ vessels are usually made h be5 exhau/ively dealt ) 9 o!r volumes ( ! ,*ats s]ies1 z table appo9tm5ts dr9k+ cups mu/ be ref]r$ to "h4 ,caudle cups 7 9 use 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ?r\gh\t ! c5tury t foll[$ !y 7 us$ along ) porr+]s1 :i* diff]$ f !m only 9 t ! m\?s ( ! porr+]s 7 wid] & ! sides /raight4 ,! caudle cup1 sometimes call$ a posset cup1 is met ) bo? )\t & ) cov]1 & 9 "s in/ances x is accompani$ by a /& or tray4 ,caudle or posset 0 a dr9k consi/+ ( milk curdl$ ) w9e1 & 9 ! days :5 x 0 drunk few w5t to b$ )\t a cup ( smok+ hot posset4 ,_m ( ! e>ly cups 7 beautifully emboss$ & florally ornam5t$1 al?\gh o!rs 7 q pla91 ) ! exception ( an engrav$ %ield1 on :i* 0 a coat ( arms1 cre/1 or monogram4 ,_m ( ! porr+]s :i* foll[$ ! e>li] type 7 octagonal1 & 9 "s in/ances twelve-sid$4 ,9 ! reign ( ,william & ,m>y ! rage = ,*9ese figures & ornam5ts caus$ ,engli% silv]smi?s to decorate porr+]s ) simil> designs4 ,! /yle :i* prevail$ ! longe/ 0 t kn[n z ,que5 ,anne1 mu* copi$ 9 mod]n replicas4 ,v pleas+1 too1 are eighte5?-c5tury m9iature porr+]s4 ,!re is mu* to please 9 ! "w ( ! silv]smi? & pott]1 z well z ! glass bl[]1 9 ! cups !y fa%ion$2 & ! arti/ admires ! *as$ engrav+ or ! ri* col\r+1 & p]*ance ! et*+ & cutt+ ( ! cup4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 %[ pref]5ce = ! e>li] cups & dr9k+ vessels ( common] mat]ials1 & = ^? ecc5tricities ( ! table f\nd 9 curi\s hunt+ cups1 vessels :i* _h to be empti$ at a draught1 or to be drunk "u ! mo/ difficult conditions l ! puzzle cups ( ,/af=d%ire make4 ,! peg tank>ds ( anci5t date1 a v f9e example orig9ally belong+ to ! ,abbey ( ,gla/onbury1 aft]w>ds 9 ! possession ( ,"l ,arundel ( ,w>d\r1 held two qu>ts1 ! pegs divid+ its cont5ts into half-p9ts accord+ to ! ,w9*e/] /&>d4 ,on t rem>kable cup ! twelve ,apo/les 7 c>v$ r\nd ! sides1 & on ! lid 0 ! sc5e at ! ,crucifixion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,,two ,,wood5 ,,cups4 ,,fig4 #bb4--,,wood5 ,,flagon1 ,,) ,,copp] ,,b&s4 7,9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales47 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bc1 #bd4--;,,cocoanut ,,cups 7,,silv]-,,m\nt$74 ,,fig4 #be4--;,,cocoanut ,,flagon4 ,x is said t ! pegs 7 fir/ ord]$ by ,edg>1 ! ,saxon k+1 to prev5t excessive dr9k+1 ! tank>d be+ pass$ r\nd1 e man be+ expect$ to dr9k d[n to ! next peg4 ,heywood1 9 8 ,philoca?oni/a1 says3 ,( dr9k+ cups1 div]s & sundry sorts we h1 "s ( elm1 "s ( box1 & "s ( maple & holly4 ,accord+ to ! qua9t spell+ ( ^? days !re 7 !n 9 use 9 ,m]rie ,engl&3 ,maz]s1 noqq9s1 :isk9s1 pigg9s1 cr+es1 ale-b[ls1 wassel b[ls1 tank>d & kames f a pottle to a p9t & f a p9t to a gill4 ,! lea!r cups & tank>ds or black jacks 7see ,*apt] ,,viii7 7 mo/ly us$ 9 c\ntry places by %ephe>ds & h>ve/]s4 ,a writ] 9 a "w publi%$ 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury says3 ,besides metal & wood & pott]y we h cups ( hornes ( bea/s1 ( cock] nuts1 ( goords1 ( eggs ( o/ri*es1 & ( ! %ells ( div]s fi%es4 ,a simple cocoanut1 m\nt$ 9 silv] & made into a cup1 p]haps a c5tury or m ago1 is by no means to be despis$4 ,"s are beautifully poli%$ & ornam5t$ ) incis$ "w4 ,contempor>y ) ! e>li] specim5s are pots made ( o/ri* eggs1 m\nt$ 9 silv]1 reg>d$ ( great value 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies4 ,"s ( ! univ]sity colleges possess f9e examples1 & !re are _m 9 ! h&s ( ,london silv]smi?s4 ,figs4 #bc & #bd repres5t two cocoanut cups ) feet ( silv]1 "o engrav$ ) ! own]'s initials1 ! foot be+ decorat$ ) bead ornam5t4 ,fig4 #be is a cocoanut m\nt$ z a flagon ) h&le ( :alebone & rim & foot ( silv]4 ,! use ( su* cups seems to h be5 v g5]ally di/ribut$ all ov] ! _w1 = !re are _m ,s\? ,am]ican examples1 z well z ! ,engli% v>ieties4 ,! g\rd1 too1 0 us$ = simil> purposes2 ! ,mexicans made su* b[ls & cups1 f9i%+ !m (f ) silv] m\nts & sometimes add+ silv] feet4 ,!re are ,fr5* flasks made ( small g\rds1 sometimes sc5t flasks be+ made 9 ! same way1 n infrequ5tly decorat$ ) incis$ inlays ( col\r$ composition on a black gr\nd4 ,"s ( ! ,engli% silv]smi?s engrav$ hunt+ sc5es on small flasks made ( ! r9d ( a g\rd1 *oos+ hunt+ sc5es & birds & famili> outdoor objects4 ,9 ,figs4 #ba & #ba;,a are %[n two curi\s old wood dr9k+ cups1 & ,fig4 #bb repres5ts a wood5 jug b\nd ) copp]4 ,horn 0 a fav\rite mat]ial = cups1 sometimes surm\nt$ by elaborate cov]s & feet ( silv]4 ,"o ( ! r>e/ dr9k+ horns1 n[ 9 ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d1 0 pres5t$ to ! ,college by ! ,que5 ( ,edw>d ,,iii 9 #acdj4 ,( lat] types !re are beak]s & tumbl] cups1 ! latt] r\nd$ at ! base s t !y 7 easily upset1 ! idea be+ t !y mu/ be empti$ at ! fir/ draught4 ,f ^! cups sprang ! qua9t hunt+ cups 9 porcela91 modell$ 9 ! =m ( a h>e's head1 or l a fox1 "s ( ! sc>ce/ be+ evid5tly modell$ = ! fi%]man's use1 to take ! =m ( a fi%'s head4 ,! v rem>kable dr9k+ cup %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg is made ( walnut2 ! ridges1 c>v$ 9 deep relief1 /& out boldly1 ea* "o be+ c>v$1 ! lett]s =m+ a complete metaphor1 to :i* is add$ ! "n ( its orig9al own]1 ! inscription read+ z foll[s3-- ,,take 4 ,,n 4 ,,f 4 ,,me 4 ,,al 4 ,,my 4 ,,/or 4 ,,axcp 4 ,,ye 4 ,,fill 4 ,,me 4 ,,vee 4 ,,svme 4 ,,mor 4 ,,= 4 ,,av 4 ,,to 4 ,,borrov 4 ,,& 4 ,,nev] 4 ,,to 4 ,,pay 4 ,i 4 ,,call 4 ,,t 4 ,,fovll 4 ,,play 4 ,,ion ,,watson #afie4 ,trays & ,wait]s4 ,9 old5 "t n v f> f ! d9+ table /ood ! cupbo>d or buffet f :i* evolv$ ! sidebo>d4 ,on x 7 display$ ! cups & flagons & table appo9tm5ts n actually 9 use4 ,x is true ! s]vants c>ri$ ! great di%es f ! kit*51 & remov$ ! less] vessels on trays & wait]s1 & x is su* trays1 especially ^? 9 silv] & ,%effield plate us$ 9 ! la/ c5tury1 :i* are n[ valuable4 ,! wait] or s]v+ man or woman has be5 an ess5tial feature 9 dome/ic s]vice f ! e>lie/ times1 = ! hi/ory ( society inv>iably records ^? :o wait at table3-- ,! wait]s /& 9 ranks2 ! yeom5 cry ',make room1' z if a duke 7 pass+ by4 ,,swift4 ,x is an easy remove f ! wait] to ! tray or vessel on :i* ! wait]s c>ri$ ! ?+s !y s]v$ up to ^? on :om !y wait$4 ,! "n salv]1 commonly appli$ to a tray or wait]1 seems to h orig9at$ f ! old cu/om ( ta/+ meats be=e !y 7 s]v$1 to salve or save _! employ]s f h>m4 ,among ! m valuable are ! trays or wait]s ( silv] & ,%effield plate4 ,trays made ( iron & japann$ aft] ! fa%ion ( ,japanese metal lacqu] w>es1 :i* t[>ds ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7 s l>gely import$ into ?is c\ntry1 are (t5 neglect$1 yet _m ( !m are truly antiqu>ian & by no means unlovely4 ,"o ( ! *ief seats ( ! indu/ry 0 at ,pontypool1 b ! bus9ess drift$ to ,birm+ham4 ,x 0 :5 ! japan w>es1 s call$ f ! attempt ( ! mak]s to copy ! lacqu]s ( ,japan !n mu* import$1 7 be+ successfully made amid/ surr\nd+s !n exce$+ly romantic 9 ! little t[n s+ul>ly situat$ on a /eep cliff ov]hang+ ! ,avon ,llwyd1 t deal]s f\nd trays1 breadbaskets1 snuff] trays1 knife trays1 caddies1 & urns mu* 9 reque/4 ,9 ,bi%opsgate ,/reet ,)\t1 9 ,london1 !re is a not$ w9e h\se kn[n z ! ,dirty ,dick4 ,?is curi\s title 0 d]iv$ f ! own] ( a fam\s h>dw>e /ore :o kept x1 & 0 dubb$ ,dirty ,dick because ( 8 untidy %op4 ,! wild disord] ( ! e/abli%m5t gave rise to a popul> ballad ( :i* ! foll[+ are two ( ! fir/ l9es3-- ,a curi\s h>dw>e %op 9 g5]al full ,( w>es f ,birm+ham & ,pontypool4 ,9 addition to japann$ w>es !re are trays ( pap] pulp ornam5t$ ) "m-o'-pe>l & ri*ly decorat$ ) gold4 ,! ,tea ,table4 ,! mod]n tea table pres5ts a mu* less =mal array ( *9a & good ?+s ?an t ( a g5]ation or two back :5 high tea 0 an important function1 & ! good wife ( ! h\sehold load$ h] table ) _m sub/antial di%es4 ,! be/ *9a 0 tak5 f ! cupbo>d1 & family heirlooms 9 silv] 7 array$ on ei!r side ( ! teapot4 ,ne$less to say ! teapot 0 an indisp5sable adjunct1 & "s ( ! teapots belong+ to ! old sets are massive & gorge\s1 r ?an beautiful1 al?\gh ! e>li] teapots made 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 a "t :5 tea 0 exp5sive & a real luxury1 7 q small4 ,!re are _m curiosities1 too--su*1 = in/ance1 z ! ,*9ese teapots ( ! ,m+ p]iod1 :5 ! pott]s seem to h vi$ ) "o ano!r 9 produc+ grotesque =ms1 & f *9a clay fa%ion$ objects :i* typifi$ _! my?ological beliefs4 ,"s ( ^! teapots took ! =m ( curi\s sea-horses repres5t$ z swimm+ 9 waves ( gre5 & amid/ seawe$4 ,"s ( ^! fabul\s bea/s are spott$ ov] ) spla%es ( col\r1 & o!rs h curi\s twig-l =mations ^u _! sides1 said to d5ote pieces ( coral & wat] plants f ! ocean4 ,! teapot 0 at "o "t mo/ frequ5tly fill$ f ! pretty little oval copp] or brass kettle on ! hob1 or f a sw+ kettle on a /& on ! table4 ,! table kettle 0 g5]ally heat$ by a _s lamp :i* kept ! wat] boil+ ready = use4 ,( lat] ye>s silv] table appo9tm5ts ( e>ly eighte5?-c5tury make h become v sc>ce1 & ! curio value ( ! l>g] pieces has /eadily ris54 ,x w\ld seem z if ! maximum figure _h be5 rea*$ = silv] ( t p]iod1 = at ! sale ( ! ,fitzh5ry collection a pla9 kettle & /&1 an example ( ,ambrose ,/ev5son's "w 9 #agag1 realiz$ ,l#fig4 ,cream ,jugs4 ,! cream jug includ$ 9 ! tea & c(fee sets ( silv] or metal1 & 9 ! tea *9a ( :i* s _m beautiful sets are /ill extant1 has almo/ an indep5d5t position 9 connection ) table appo9tm5ts1 = ev] s9ce tea dr9k+ became g5]al x 0 reg>d$ z a necessity1 & 0 made 9 accord ) ! !n prevail+ /yles4 ,x is almo/ ! commone/ collectable antique 9 ?is p>ticul> gr\p4 ,9 silv] x 0 always hall-m>k$1 & its date c1 !re=e1 be fix$4 ,briefly outl9+ ! developm5t ( its =m1 x may be m5tion$ t x 0 q pla9 9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,anne1 :5 tea dr9k+ came into fa%ion4 ,:5 ,george ,i came to ! ?rone x 0 wid5$ some:at & made a little %ort]4 ,at t "t ! silv] cream jugs 7 hamm]$ into %ape out ( a flat %eet1 !re be+ no seam2 aft] ! body 0 =m$ a rim 0 add$ & a lip put on4 ,!re 0 a deep] rim 9 ! reign ( ,george ,,ii1 & !n feet took ! place ( rims4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--;,,e>ly ,,engli% ,,bronze ,,ew]4 7,9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,gradually ,*ipp5dale c>v+ & ! %ap$ legs ( ! furniture !n be+ us$ 7 reflect$ ev5 9 ! cream jug1 ! lip 9 ^? days be+ hamm]$ out ( ! body ( ! vessel ) a graceful curve4 ,rims aga9 took ! place ( feet 9 ! reign ( ,george ,,iii1 & ! tall legg$ cream jug came into vogue4 ,! body 0 decorat$ ) rep\sse "w or engrav$1 & ! %ape gradually *ang$ until ! famili> helmet-%ap$ cream jug result$4 ,! helmet cream jugs 7 beautifully engrav$ ) ribbon & wrea? decoration1 & frequ5tly !re 0 a bead$ patt]n r\nd ! rim & ! h&le4 ,! same /yles prevail$ bo? 9 ,%effield plate & 9 ,britannia metal1 (t5 misnam$ pewt]4 ,! decoration on ! *9a cream jugs 0 frequ5tly floral1 b 9 ^? made 9 ! lead+ pott]ies !re 0 a di/9ct foll[+ ( ! public /yle4 ,sug> ,tongs & ,nipp]s4 ,) ! use ( lump sug> late 9 ! eighte5? c5tury sug> tongs 7 add$ to ! table appo9tm5ts1 & _! decoration & ornam5t usually foll[$ t ( teaspoons4 ,!y 7 sometimes engrav$ ) ! cre/s or initials ( ! own]s1 & occasionally1 9 ! case ( w$d+ pres5ts1 ) ! initials ( bo? ! ma/] & mi/ress ( ! h\sehold1 "o be+ plac$ inside ! sug> tongs & ! o!r on ! ar* outside4 ,9 connection ) ! cutt+ ( lump sug> /eel sug> nipp]s 7 mu* us$ 9 ! kit*5 be=e lump sug> 0 b\ght f ! groc] ready cut up4 ,^! nipp]s1 "s ( ! e>li] ones be+ *as$ & engrav$1 h n[ pass$ into ! region ( h\sehold curios4 ,caddies4 ,z ! tea table w\ld be incomplete )\t ! bev]age brew$ f tea-leaves x foll[s z a natural sequ5ce t ! h\sewife has always requir$ a /orebox = h] supply1 & 9 "s cases "o 9 :i* %e c\ld keep "u lock & key m ?an "o v>iety4 ,:5 tea 0 fir/ import$ into ?is c\ntry x 0 s5t ov] f ,*9a 9 a kati1 a small wood5 box hold+ ab\t #a-a_/c lb42 h5ce ! "n pass$ on to ! m elaborate receptacles on ! sidebo>d conta9+ ! h\sehold supply4 ,^! boxes 7 mo/ly fa%ion$ 9 accord ) ! furniture1 _m hav+ ! well-kn[n ,%]aton %ell design on ! lid1 or on ! front ( ! box4 ,"s are squ>e-sid$1 o!rs tap]$1 g5]ally f9i%$ ) beautiful little brass caddy balls z feet1 & (t5 ) brass r+ h&les & ornam5ts4 ,! inside ( ! caddy 0 divid$ into two comp>tm5ts1 usually boxes l9$ ) lead or lead pap]1 & frequ5tly a c5tral comp>tm5t = a sug> b[l 0 add$4 ,9 ne>ly all ! bett] boxes !re 0 provision = ! silv] caddy spoon ) :i* to apportion ! accu/om$ supply4 ,*elsea & ,b[ ,cupids4 ,^? curi\s little boy figures kn[n z ,*elsea & ,b[ ,cupids are = ! mo/ "p class$ ) ornam5ts1 b !y m appropriately belong to table appo9tm5ts1 = 9 old5 "t :5 ! clo? _h be5 remov$ ^! curi\s little figures 7 plac$ ^u ! mahogany or oak5 bo>d along ) ! dess]t1 z if to gu>d ! fruit & ! w9e4 ,! ,cupids are g>l&$ ) fl[]s1 baskets ( :i* !y h 9 _! h&s--delightful little figures :5 g5u9e antiques4 ,!y v>y 9 size & are said to h be5 divid$ 9 ! pa/ z small & l>ge boys4 ,nutcrack]s4 ,_m a fam\s joke has be5 crack$ ov] ! walnuts & w9e4 ,x 0 :5 ! bo>d 0 cle>$ ( ! vi&s t ! nuts & fruit 7 p>tak5 (4 ,! edible nuts mo/ly fav\r$ be=e =eign supplies came into ! m>ket 7 ! hazel1 walnut1 *e/nut1 & ! fam\s ,k5t filb]ts4 ,al?\gh d\btless supplem5t$ by any objects h&y1 ! primitive me?od ( crack+ nuts ) ! tee? 0 g5]ally practis$ by ! common p4 ,:at m natural ?an = ! e>ly inv5tor to see 9 ! human head ! box 9 :i* to place 8 me*anical device & to give p[] & lev]age by utiliz+ ! legs ( ! man he _h c>v$ 9 wood4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages "s rem>kable c>v+s 7 produc$1 mo/ly work+ on ! same l9es z ! e>lie/ =ms4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 metal crack]s came into vogue1 pressure 0 appli$ by means ( a screw1 & ! contempor>y wood crack]s 7 design$ on t pr9ciple4 ,aft]w>ds ! old] type ( crack] 0 reviv$1 bo? 9 wood & metal2 subsequ5tly ! simpl] =m at pres5t 9 use 0 adopt$4 ,"h & !re 9 museums & among dome/ic relics odd pairs ( ^! old crack]s are discov]$4 ,! int]e/ 9 !m1 h[ev]1 gr[s :5 sev]al e>ly examples are plac$ side by side4 ,!re are a few in/ances ( specializ$ collections1 & ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,evans1 ( ,nailsea ,c\rt1 :o possesses a unique collection ( all p]iods1 we are able to illu/rate a v>iety ( =ms4 ,fig4 #ca repres5ts a v e>ly pair ( nutcrack]s1 probably made 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury2 ! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd has ! ,elizabe?an ruff r\nd ! neck ( ! c>v$ head2 & ,figs4 #bh1 #bi1 & #cj repres5t ! screw p]iod1 ,fig4 #bh be+ an e>ly example4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ pieces 9 ! collection is ,fig4 #bi1 a crack] 9 ! =m ( a hood$ monk2 ,fig4 #cj be+ a *>m+ bit ( wood-c>v+ 9 walnut wood1 a some:at grotesque figure repres5t+ an old fiddl]4 ,fig4 #cc is a curi\s crack] comb9+ a useful pick almo/ 9 ! =m ( ! bill ( a bird1 ,fig4 #cb be+ ( simil> date4 ,! next gr\p %[s ! evolution f ! metal screw to ! m ord9>y types1 ,figs4 #cf & #ch be+ screw nutcrack]s2 #ce1 #cg1 & #ci be+ qua9t examples ( e>ly metal nutcrack]s modell$ on m mod]n =m4 ,su* curios are extremely int]e/+1 & :e!r exhibit$ z specim5s ( c>v+ or ( metal "w1 or us$ z table ornam5ts comb9+ utility & antiqu>ian int]e/1 !y are well wor? secur+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--;,,inscrib$ ,,sev5te5?-,,c5tury ,,wood ,,dr9k+ ,,cup4 7,9 ,taunton ,ca/le ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bh-cj4--;,,e>ly ,,c>v$ ,,wood ,,nutcrack]s4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,evans1 ( ,nailsea ,c\rt47 ,turn$ ,woodw>e4 ,table appo9tm5ts h af=d$ amateur wood-turn]s & c>v]s opportunities ( %[+ _! skill4 ,ev5 be=e ! days ( mod]n la!s ) ecc5tric *ucks & o!r improvem5ts1 turn]s 7 v clev] 9 produc+ little articles = table use1 & 9 _! mak+ exp5d$ a weal? ( skill & "t4 ,among ^! 7 pepp] boxes & wood5 salt cell>s1 & c>v$ wood5 spoons1 especially salad s]v]s1 :i* are ev5 /ill made & delicately c>v$1 ! ,swiss peasants be+ fam\s = su* "w4 ,"o ( ! village occupations dur+ w9t] ev5+s 9 ye>s gone by 0 to make wood5 objects1 al?\gh mo/ ( _! ef=ts 7 direct$ 9 o!r ways ?an table appo9tm5ts 7see ,*apt] ,,xiii1 ,fig4 #he74 ,on ! ,sidebo>d4 ,n f> remov$ f ! d9+ table is ! sidebo>d or buffet1 s important a piece ( furniture 9 ! d9+ hall1 = on x 7 =m]ly display$ table appo9tm5ts & emblems ( ! fea/4 ,! urn-%ap$ knife boxes :i* 7 s (t5 plac$ on ei!r side 7 *iefly ( mahogany1 sometimes inlaid ) sat9wood & (t5 ) ^? r>e %ell-l ornam5ts :i* became s popul> 9 ! days ( ,*ipp5dale & ,%]aton4 ,! comp>tm5ts 9 :i* 7 plac$ ! table knives prev5t$ ei!r blades or h&les f be+ rubb$4 ,copp] & metal urns 7 frequ5tly conspicu\s on ! sidebo>d1 al?\gh _m ( ! small tables s mu* treasur$ n[ z antiques 9 ! draw+-room 7 orig9ally made = urns to /& ^u4 ,!re are _m beautiful curios ( ! home made ( wood1 among !m be+ su* r>e gems z wood scre5s & ! frames ( h& scre5s1 "s ( :i* screw$ on to ! ends ( ! mantelpieces ) small clamps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ca-cd4--,,m$iaeval ,,wood ,,nutcrack]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ce-ci4--;,,e>ly ,,/eel ,,& ,,brass ,,nutcrack]s4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,evans1 ( ,nailsea ,c\rt47 ,v ,,! ,,kit*5 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--,,two ,,antique ,,w>m+ ,,pans4 7,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--,,wel% ,,kit*5 ,,fireplace4 7,9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales47 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,kit*5 ,! kit*5 grate--,boil]s & kettles--,grills & gridirons--,cook+ ut5sils--,w>m+ pans4 ,x is 9 ! kit*5 & ! pantry t dome/ic economy c5tres4 ,! v ess5ce ( home life is f\nd 9 ! prep>ation ( suitable food 9 :i* to satisfy human appetites4 ,:e!r ! kit*5 is furni%$ ) app>atus suffici5t to cook = ! inmates ( a l>ge in/itution1 or ) ! m mode/ appliances ) :i* a *op or a /eak c be grill$ or a small jo9t roa/$ 9 a gas ov51 ! basis ( cook+ op]ations is ! same1 & ! cook requires an outfit ( cul9>y ut5sils small or l>ge1 accord+ to :at %e has be5 accu/om$ to use or consid]s necess>y = h] imm$iate wants4 ,9 old5 "t ! kit*5 0 furni%$ ) few] accessories 9 proportion to ! meat consum$ ?an at ! pres5t "t1 & ! l>ge hang+ caldron & ! /rong & heavy wr\ght or ca/ iron saucepan on ! fire1 & ! roa/+ spit & jack 9 front ( x1 w5t a long way t[>ds complet+ ! outfit4 ,! gradual advance & increase 9 ! furni%+s ( ! kit*5 h be5 ! outcome ( developm5t & progress 9 cul9>y art4 ,s9ce ! introduction ( sci5tific cook+ & ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools ( cook]y1 ! hir$ cook & ! mi/ress :o dons ! apron & assumes ! role ( ! economic h\sewife h le>n$ to appreciate ! use ( mod]n cul9>y appliances1 light] 9 weight & conv5i5t to h&le4 ,^! diff] accord+ to ! purposes = :i* !y are to be us$4 ,hygi5ic conditions n[ reg>d$ z ess5tial h displac$ _m ( ! old] cook+ pots :i* h be5 condemn$ z injuri\s to heal?4 ,great] k ( ! *emi/ry ( cook+1 & ( ! action ( acids ^u metals1 has enabl$ ! sci5tific cook to diff]5tiate betwe5 ! pots & pans to use accord+ to ! v>i\s foods prep>$4 ,! beautifully f9i%$ light1 h&y1 & conv5i5t porcela9-enamell$ saucepans & /ewpans & alum9ium cook+ pots us$ on mod]n gas /oves & ranges1 w\ld h be5 j z unsuitable on ! op5 fires ( ! old] grates z :at are n[ reg>d$ z ! curios ( ! kit*5 w\ld be deem$ to be 9 mod]n cul9>y op]ations4 ,9 almo/ e h\se !re are to be f\nd obsolete ut5sils1 "s ( :i* are valu$ on acc\nt ( _! great age1 o!rs because ( _! unusual =ms1 & "s because ( ! beauty ( workman%ip & ! co/ly mat]ials ( :i* !y h be5 made4 ,x is :5 turn+ out ! kit*5 & /or]oom on ! occasion ( p]iodical clean+s t ^! old-_w pots & pans come to light2 at su* times ! collector may be able to secure sc>ce specim5s & rescue !m f oblivion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--,,me*anical ,,roa/+ ,,jacks4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,wayte47 ,x is n always easy to realize :at ! old kit*5 0 l :5 ^! vessels 7 9 use1 al?\gh 9 out-(-!-way places kit*5s may occasionally be discov]$ 9 :i* b little *ange has be5 made4 ,?is is especially s 9 "s ( ! ,wel% villages1 & 9 ord] t visitors may see :at su* kit*5s are l a ,wel% cottage fireplace %[+ ! objects :i* might commonly h be5 f\nd !re a c5tury ago has be5 recon/ruct$ 9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales4 ,?is we are able to reproduce 9 ,fig4 #da by ! c\rtesy ( ! ,director4 ,! grate came f ,llansantffraid1 & 0 made by a local blacksmi?2 ! spit & its be>]s came f ,glamorgan2 ! brass pot came f ,b>ry1 & ! dog :eel 7ref]r$ to on p4 #acj7 f ,hav]=dwe/2 mo/ ( ! m9or accessories came f diff]5t p>ts ( ,nor? ,wales4 ,! ,kit*5 ,grate4 ,! kit*5 grate has evolv$ f ! op5 fire2 at fir/ 9 ! c5tre ( ! room1 !n remov$ = conv5i5ce to ! side or end 9 front ( :i* jo9ts ( meats 7 roa/$ on a spit 9 old5 "t4 ,! spit1 at fir/ q primitive1 0 improv$ ^u by local smi?s1 until q intricate arrangem5ts provid$ ! desir$ revolutions1 & turn$ ! meat r\nd & r\nd until x 0 prop]ly cook$4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! bell[s bl[] 0 an (fic] 9 ! ,royal kit*51 8 duty be+ to see t ! s\p on ! fire 0 nei!r burnt nor smok$4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ! bell[s bl[] 9 less] h\seholds became a useful kit*5 boy1 turn+ ! spit by h&4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 z if 9 q e>ly days ef=ts 7 made to economize lab\r 9 ! kit*51 & turn ! spit by me*anical contrivances4 ,9 roa/+ meat slid+ prongs held ! jo9t 9 place1 a cage or basket be+ us$ = roa/+ p\ltry4 ,?is contrivance1 fir/ turn$ by h&1 0 aft]w>ds accel]at$ & made m regul> by ! me*anical contrivances j ref]r$ to4 ,^! appe> to h be5 ( ?ree diff]5t types4 ,!re 0 ! clock jack1 two spl5did specim5s ( :i* are illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #db1 types becom+ exce$+ly r>e4 ,^? illu/rat$ 7 rec5tly 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,wayte1 ( ,ed5bridge1 an en?usia/ic discov]] ( antiqu>ian metal "w 9 out-(-!-way places 9 ,sussex & ,k5t4 ,e>li] /ill !re 0 ! smoke jack or rot>y fan fix$ 9 ! *imney1 op]at$ by an up-draught1 pulleys & cords be+ atta*$ to ! end ( ! spit4 ,! ?ird me?od ref]r$ to involv$ ! %ift+ ( manual lab\r f man to 8 dome/ic bea/1 = ! fai?ful h\nd 0 press$ into ! s]vice ( ! cook4 ,! dog work$ 9 a cage1 op]at+ a :eel or drum :i* 9 its turn revolv$ ! turnspit4 ,su* turnspits seem to h _h a l+]+ exi/5ce1 & 7 occasionally he>d ( 9 ,nor? ,wales late 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gridirons ,,%[+ ,,=eign ,,influ5ce ,,9 ,,design3 ,,fig4 #dc1 ,,italian2 ,,fig4 #dd1 ,,flemi%2 ,,fig4 #de1 ,,dut*2 ,,fig4 #df1 ,,g]man4 ,roa/+ be=e ! fire l+]$ on long aft] ! old-fa%ion$ iron jacks & spits _h ceas$ to be ! common me?od ( cook+ meat4 ,! meat ha/5] & ! ,dut* ov5 cons]v$ & radiat$ ! heat1 ! jo9t turn+ sl[ly by ! clockwork me*anism ( ! improv$ brass bottle jack4 ,z ! size ( ! fireplace n>r[$ & kit*5s 7 built small] roa/+ 9 ov5s became popul>2 ! cook] ( to-day ) its hot-plates1 grills1 & /eam *e/s--:e!r heat$ by coal1 gas1 or electricity--pres5ts a rem>kable contra/ to ! old op5 fire grate4 ,x w readily be und]/ood t ! necess>y ba/+ ( meat roa/+ be=e ! fire involv$ ! use ( ladles & o!r ut5sils be=e ! mod]n cook+ appliances 7 inv5t$4 ,mo/ ( ! old vessels 7 /rong & la/+1 & ! mat]ials employ$ 9 _! con/ruction 7 iron1 copp]1 & brass4 ,9 ,fig4 #di we %[ a selection ( fat boats & hamm]$ iron grease pans 79 ! c5tre ( ! plate is an old mo!r+-iron f ,sussex7 typical ( ! vessels us$ 9 op5 fire roa/+4 ,to ^! may be add$ ba/+ spoons & skimm]s1 9 _m places call$ skumm]s4 ,boil]s & ,kettles4 ,x is probable t ! cook+ pot ov] ! fire has be5 us$ side by side ) roa/+ app>atus f ! e>lie/ times1 al?\gh no d\bt vessels w\ld be requir$ = boil+ foods be=e roa/+1 9 t discov]ies %[ t ! e>lie/ me?od ( roa/+ a piece ( meat or a small animal 0 to encase x 9 clay & !n expose x to ! fire4 ,! clay cru/ c\ld !n be brok5 & w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h be5 de/roy$4 ,no d\bt ! crock ant$at$ ! bronze pot1 :i* 0 at fir/ made ( metal plates hamm]$ & beat5 into %ape1 & !n rivet$ toge!r4 ,?is me?od 0 foll[$ by ! craft ( ! f\nd]1 :o ca/ vessels aft] ! same model fir/ 9 bronze & !n 9 iron4 ,! cook+ pot 0 indisp5sable :5 ! food ( ! common p 0 *iefly su* z necessitat$ a vessel conta9+ liquid2 ! "n ( ?is anci5t vessel has furni%$ u ) _m apt quotations1 & x is /ill ! pot s _m f9d difficult to keep boil+4 ,!re h be5 _m contrivances by :i* to susp5d ! pot ov] ! fire4 ,ye>s ago ! usual me?od ( susp5sion 0 f a beam ( wood or a b> ( iron plac$ across ! *imney op5+--! "n by :i* ! b> 0 kn[n 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl& 0 a gallybawk4 ,simple contrivances ( metal foll[$1 ! susp5sion hooks & *a9s lead+ to improv$ cranes ) rack & loop h&les4 ,no d\bt _m h notic$ ! app>5t indiscrim9ate use ( ! t]m kettle2 ! tea kettle z we und]/& x to-day is a mod]n inv5tion4 ,! old kettle 0 a boil+ pot ) a bail h&le1 its mod]n survivor be+ ! ?ree-legg$ kettle ( ! gipsies1 & ! boil+ pot or fi% kettle ( ! mod]n h\sehold4 ,associat$ ) ! e>ly use ( tea kettles slung ov] a fire is ! n[ sc>ce lazy-back or tilt]1 at "o "t common 9 ! ,we/ ( ,engl& & 9 ,s\? ,wales4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #dg1 #dh4--,,two ,,wood5 ,,food ,,boxes4 7,9 ! ,c>diff ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--;,a ,,collection ,,( ,,iron ,,fat ,,boats ,,& ,,grease ,,pans4 ,9 ,*ats on ,old ,copp] & ,brass "s v int]e/+ illu/rations ( old copp] & brass saucepans1 skillets1 & pipk9s are giv54 ,! skillet has surviv$ = sev]al c5turies4 ,^? made 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 7 frequ5tly inscrib$ ) v>i\s religi\s & s5tim5tal leg5ds2 "o 9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales is inscrib$ ,,love ,,?y ,,neighb\r4 ,fry+ pans h be5 9 common use = a great numb] ( ye>s & are /ill daily requisition$4 ,bake/ones1 on :i* cakes 7 =m]ly bak$1 are1 h[ev]1 becom+ obsolete4 ,!y 7 call$ girdle plates 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl&1 & bake/ones 9 ,wales & else:]e4 ,grills & ,gridirons4 ,! gridiron or griddle 0 an appliance us$ ext5sively all ov] ! ,cont95t ( ,europe f ! sixte5? c5tury onw>d4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x 0 =m]ly made by ! village blacksmi?1 &1 l ! iron /ool1 kit*5 f5d]1 & o!r iron & brass kit*5 ut5sils & furni%+s1 0 (t5 made q decorative4 ,x w\ld appe> z if ! smi? fill$ up 8 sp>e mom5ts 9 design+ intricate patt]ns ) :i* to decorate ! grid4 ,"s ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5?-c5tury ,european gridirons 7 q elaborate1 s]v+ ! d\ble purpose ( ornam5t & use1 = :5 f9i%$ ) = cook+ purposes !y 7 c>efully clean$ & poli%$ & hung up ov] ! kit*5 mantelpiece4 ,"s ( ! *>act]i/ic types met ) are %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/rations4 ,9 ,fig4 #dc is se5 ! light & lacy ,italian /yle2 9 ,fig4 #dd ! op5work design ( ! ,flemi%2 a =mal ,dut* patt]n be+ illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #de2 :]eas ! heavy ,g]man floreat$ type is %[n 9 ,fig4 #df4 ,contra/+ ) ^! ,cont95tal types ! ,engli% gridiron 0 /rong & s]viceable1 & ess5tially a grid or grill1 ! smi? putt+ 8 be/ "w 9 ! h&le r ?an ! grid4 ,cook+ ,ut5sils4 ,besides pots & pans !re are _m cook+ ut5sils :i* may n[ be reckon$ among ! dome/ic curios4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 ew]s & bas9s1 wat]-c>ry+ & reta9+ vessels1 & col&]s ( brass & e>!nw>e1 /ra9]s & grat]s :i* h be5 us$ f "t to "t 9 ! kit*54 ,sometimes ! metal work] appe>s to h gone out ( ! way to produce curi\s =ms n always ! mo/ conv5i5t = ! purposes = :i* !y 7 made--su*1 = in/ance1 z ! aquamaniles1 sev]al ( :i* may be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7see ,fig4 #bf74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4--,,wood5 ,,c(fee ,,cru%]s ,,& ,,pe/les ,,& ,,mort>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--;,,apple ,,scoops ,,( ,,bone4 ,"s ( ! m9or kit*5 ut5sils include fle% hooks & =ks & c>v+ knives4 ,!re are spoons ( e k9d made 9 all metals1 "s ( ! e>li] examples be+ ( brass & latt54 ,9 ?is connection also may be m5tion$ ladles1 fi% slic]s1 & scoops4 ,!re are also _m curi\s little pa/rycooks' knives1 & knives us$ = cutt+ vegetables & prep>+ a repa/ 9 old5 "t1 _m ( !m q decorative1 ev5 ! common pa/ry-:eel frequ5tly be+ c>v$4 ,x 0 at "o "t cu/om>y to exp5d mu* skill 9 decorat+ apple scoops1 ^? %[n 9 ,fig4 #ea be+ v *oice specim5s 9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales1 9 ,c>diff4 ,! "o on ! left h& ( ! picture is made ( bone1 & is inlaid ) a small brass "n-plate2 t on ! "r-h& side is ( ivory delicately turn$1 ! scoop be+ exce$+ly ?92 & ^? 9 ! c5tre are all home-made out ( ! metac>pal bones ( ! %eep1 be+ slightly ornam5t$ ) cut ,x-%ap$ l9es & hat*+s4 ,9 ! same museum !re are "s rem>kably int]e/+ c(fee cru%]s & mort>s & pe/les1 sev]al ( ^! be+ illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ej4 ,9 ,fig4 #ec we %[ a repres5tative selection rem9isc5t ( ! days :5 wood5 spoons & wood5 platt]s 7 9 common use4 ,! tr5*] takes its "n f tran*e1 ! old "n ( ! platt] :i* replac$ ! piece ( bread on :i* x 0 =m]ly cu/om>y to s]ve up meat2 l ! bread1 x 0 at fir/ squ>e4 ,! m9or kit*5 accessories =m]ly 9 con/ant use includ$ _m objects ( wood1 su* z ! *>m+ little nutmeg mills ( turn$ rosewood1 "s ( :i* are to be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,!re are also antique pa/ebo>ds & roll+-p9s = roll+ %ortbread1 pot /irr]s ( wood1 & o!r ut5sils su* z s& glasses4 ,9 ,figs4 #dg & #dh we illu/rate two wood5 food boxes1 su* z 7 =m]ly us$ to c>ry food to m5 work+ 9 ! field4 ,!y are n[ deposit$ ) o!r curios 9 ! ,c>diff ,museum1 :]e also may be se5 "s little wood5 pigg9s1 & b[ls us$ = porridge2 ! pigg9 0 an anci5t vessel (t5 m5tion$ 9 m$iaeval days 7see ,fig4 #eb74 ,w>m+ ,pans4 ,!re are "s h\sehold appo9tm5ts :i*1 l "s ( ! brass skimm]s1 platt]s1 engrav$ foot & h& w>m]s1 *e/nut roa/]s1 & ! l1 h always s]v$ ! d\ble purpose ( use & ornam5t4 ,among ^! are w>m+ pans :i* 9 mod]n days h be5 br\ght out ( _! hid+-places1 repoli%$1 & hung up 9 conspicu\s places by ! fireside4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 z well z "s ( ! prov9cial museums1 !re are _m v f9e examples1 ^? hav+ dates & names ^u !m be+ especially valu$4 ,z an in/ance ( an exceptional specim5 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum we may m5tion "o on :i* !re is an engrav+ ( re9de]1 ducally gorg$1 ! inscription ^u ?is pan read+3 ,,! ,,e>l ,,( ,,essex4 ,,8 ,,armes4 #afcj4 ,ano!r elaborate w>m+ pan is engrav$ ) figures ( a cavali] & a lady1 ri*ly embelli%$ ) peacocks & fl[]s4 ,! pan is ( copp]1 b ! h&le is ( wr\ght iron ) brass ornam5tal m\nts4 ,"s pans h wood5 h&les1 ei!r walnut or oak1 "s ( ! m mod]n be+ eboniz$ 7see ,fig4 #dj74 ,?is brief review ( kit*5 ut5sils by no means exhau/s ! v>ieties ( old metal "w & o!r curios :i* may /ill be f\nd 9 kit*5s4 ,!re appe>s to be no end to ! m9or v>ieties 9 =m & decoration4 ,?is is natural :5 we rememb] t ye>s ago kit*5 ut5sils 7 n made 9 quantities aft] ! same patt]n z !y are n[adays4 ,!y 7 ! product ( ! local mak]1 ! smi? & ! village woodwork] be+ frequ5tly call$ ^u to supply new kit*5 ut5sils1 & x w\ld appe> t !y did _! be/ to make _! "w successful 9 t ! vessels !y fa%ion$ 7 la/+1 & dur+ _! use contribut$ 9 no small degree t[>ds ! ornam5tation ( ! home4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4--,,wood5 ,,pigg9s ,,& ,,porridge ,,b[l4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--,,wood5 ,,platt]1 ,,b[l1 ,,& ,,spoons4 7,9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales47 ,,vi ,,home ,,ornam5ts ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,home ,,ornam5ts ,mantelpiece ornam5ts--,vases--,d]by%ire sp>s--,jade or sple5 /one--,wood c>v+s--,old gilt4 ,we are apt to wond] sometimes :at x is t makes ! h\se homelike1 & :y !re are su* /rong atta*m5ts to ! old home4 ,surely x is ! famili> aspect ( ! furni%+s1 r ?an ! bricks & mort>1 t makes ! old home s de>6 ,to ! orig9al own]s !re 0 an individuality ab\t e piece1 al?\gh to ! collector ! same *>act]i/ics ( well-kn[n objects tell t 9 days gone by ! cab9et-mak] foll[$ /]eotyp$ l9es1 & !re 7 b few :o mov$ out ( ! regul> ruts & made di/9ctive designs 9 home ornam5ts & sundry furni%+s4 ,x is notewor?y1 h[ev]1 t h[ev] mu* alike 9 furniture no two h\ses 7 alike 9 _! ornam5tal surr\nd+s4 ,! pictures & portraits on ! walls h peculi>ities recogniz$ & und]/ood by ^? :o h dwelt = _m ye>s among !m4 ,famili> table appo9tm5ts1 h[ev] humble1 h a homelike look1 & !re are odd bits ( old *9a 9 ! cab9et & silv] or pewt] on ! sidebo>d :i* di/+ui% "o h\se f ano!r2 & x has ev] be5 s4 ,*imney ornam5ts1 :i* may be q commonplace1 h well-kn[n *>act]i/ics :i* _c be duplicat$4 ,x is und\bt$ly among ! home ornam5ts t ! t5d]e/ ?\ghts l+]1 & x is ! tr9kets ( comp>atively little value to an outsid] t memb]s ( ! family /ore :5 ! old home is brok5 up4 ,!re are su* ornam5ts 9 e h\sehold2 & :5ev] !re is a sale !re are ^? :o gladly buy !m because ( _! associations ) ^? by :om !y 7 own$ & valu$4 ,! collector r>ely ga!rs !m on s5tim5tal gr\nds1 secur+ !m z curi\s specim5s or *>act]i/ic /yles want+ 9 8 collection4 ,"s specialize on old *9a cups & sauc]s2 o!rs on r>e porcela9 figures2 "s on ! beautiful gilt & ormolu knick-knacks :i* look$ s well on ! e>ly ,victorian draw+-room table1 & o!rs pref] odds & ends1 "s ( :i* are m5tion$ 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs4 ,x is1 p]haps1 f ! old ornam5ts ( ! home t we le>n mo/ ab\t ! true home-life liv$ 9 =m] ye>s4 ,wood c>v]s1 silv]smi?s1 lea!r work]s1 glass bl[]s & pott]s fa%ion$ _! ornam5tal ?+s aft] ! liv+ models !y saw ab\t !m1 9 ! days 9 :i* !y work$4 ,?us 9 ! gr\ps ( ,/af=d%ire figures1 n[ mu* s\ght aft]1 we le>n some?+ ( ! /ory ( life 9 ! ,pott]ies 9 ! clos+ ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! /ory is record$ 9 ! e>!nw>e l&lord & l&lady1 lov]s arm 9 arm1 & ru/ic cottages ) :i* collectors are famili>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--;,,brass ,,*imney ,,ornam5t 7,,"o ,,( ,a ,,pair74 ,mantelpiece ,ornam5ts4 ,!re are _m qua9t brass *imney ornam5ts :i* 7 popul> 9 _m p>ts ( ,engl& fifty to sixty ye>s ago mu* s\ght aft] n[adays4 ,!y 7 ( poli%$ brass1 usually 9 pairs1 & :5 sev]al 7 arrang$ on a mantelpiece !y pres5t$ a bright array4 ,! "o illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ed is ( ! type mu* fav\r$ 9 c\ntry di/ricts4 ,x repres5ts a %eph]d ) 8 crook1 ! companion brass be+ a %eph]dess4 ,on ! sea-coa/ fi%]m5 7 mu* fanci$1 & 9 m9+ di/ricts ! m9] ) 8 pick & o!r indu/rial models 7 ext5sively sold4 ,^! 7 v>i$ ) birds & animals & m9iature replicas ( h\sehold furniture4 ,! old] ones are n v common1 & !re=e h be5 mu* copi$1 = ( ^! goods !re are _m mod]n replicas4 ,vases4 ,ornam5tal vases h v>i$ mu* 9 =m1 until a collection seems to cov] e /yle ( art4 ,?us ,egyptian & ,roman influ5ce is se5 9 "s2 o!rs ( ,fr5* orig91 dat+ be=e ! ,empire p]iod1 are a comb9ation ( ,fr5* art ) ,egyptian ornam5t1 br\ght out dur+ ! ,directoire1 :5 aft] ! ,battle ( ! ,pyramids ,fr5* arti/s introduc$ ! sph9x & o!r ,egyptian ornam5ts into _! art designs4 ,dur+ ! ,empire p]iod1 ! /yle t is said to consi/ ( a bl5d+ ( ,roman1 ,greek1 & ,egyptian prevail$4 ,_m ( ! cont95tal c\ntries h be5 not$ = glass ornam5ts--especially vases4 ,! beautiful ,v5etian glass is ri* 9 col\r1 & ! vases are v>i$ & graceful 9 =m1 especially ^? ( ew]-l %ape4 ,bohemia has always be5 a not$ c5tre ( ! glass indu/ry4 ,!n 9 our own c\ntry "s beautiful vases h be5 produc$4 ,!re are o!r mat]ials :i* are met ) 9 curi\sly %ap$ vases4 ,at "o "t ! beautiful ,d]by%ire sp>s 7 mu* us$4 ,!re are biscuit *9a & ,p>ian vases1 & _m exquisite vases ( silv] & o!r metals4 ,mu* might be writt5 ( ! ,ori5tal vases & enamels1 especially ( ! arti/ic treasures ( ,old ,japan & ,*9a1 f :5ce s mu* ( our e>ly vases & beautiful porcela9 came4 ,( ! products ( ,*elsea & ,b[1 ( ,coalbrookdale & ,d]by1 & ( ,bri/ol & ,nantgrw1 writ]s & collectors ( r>e c]amics h _h mu* to record ( ! _m-%ap$ vases ) :i* ! homes ( ! middle classes 7 made beautiful 9 ! eighte5? & e>ly n9ete5? c5turies4 ,^! are pres]v$ ) c>e1 b _m ( ! vases produc$ by ! pione]s ( ! pott+ indu/ry 9 ?is c\ntry s]ve _! orig9al purpose /ill1 & glass & *9a & r>e ,w$gwood jasp] w>e ornam5t ! home ( ! tw5tie?-c5tury read] ( ! ,*ats s]ies1 z !y did ! )draw+ rooms ( _! orig9al own]s 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4--;,,black ,,& ,,gold ,,d]by%ire ,,m>ble ,,vase4 7,9 ! ,au?or's collection47 ,d]by%ire ,sp>s4 ,! ,d]by%ire sp>s & inlaid m>bles j ref]r$ to 7 v popul>1 "s exce$+ly ornam5tal & decorative pieces be+ produc$4 ,o!rs 7 /iff & =mal1 & c sc>cely be reg>d$ z beautiful4 ,! v>iety ( m>bles qu>ri$ 9 ,d]by%ire gave ! arti/ ample opportunity ( display+ ta/e 9 col\r4 ,! mo/ beautiful are ^? made ( fluor-sp>1 ! celebrat$ ,blue ,john ,m9e provid+ ! mo/ beautiful specim5s4 ,! purple %ades pres5t delightful t9ts1 & "s ( ! old work]s 9 ,d]by%ire mosaics 7 exceptionally =tunate 9 _! s*emes ( arrangem5t ( ! t9y pieces !y inlaid s c>efully4 ,! m>ble work]s 9 ?is c\ntry h nev] be5 able to produce ^? beautiful effects = :i* ! ,flor5t9e s*ool ( arti/s 0 fam\s1 al?\gh x has be5 claim$ by "s t ! arti/s ( ! ,peak produc$ 9 _! l>g] works "s equally z effective4 ,among old h\sehold ornam5ts small ,roman mosaics1 s call$1 are (t5 met )4 ,at "o "t ! ,flor5t9e arti/s us$ gems & real /ones1 :]eas ! ,romans *iefly employ$ glass4 ,_m w be famili> ) ! ,vatican pigeons & ! f\nta9 s frequ5tly copi$4 ,x is said t ! ,d]by%ire work]s 9 mosaic excell$ !mselves 9 ! production ( a beautifully inlaid vase cov]$ ) fl[]s1 foliage1 & birds1 prep>$ = ! late ,que5 ,victoria1 9 #ahdb4 ,half a c5tury ago fancy %ops 7 fill$ ) ! products ( ! ,d]by%ire m9es1 b mo/ ( ! be/ pieces are n[ among h\sehold curios4 ,! wide-topp$ vase %[n 9 ,fig4 #ee is made f ,d]by%ire black & gold m>ble1 & 0 produc$ 9 ,matlock ab\t sixty ye>s ago4 ,x may be int]e/+ to collectors to m5tion t al?\gh ! ,romans are believ$ to h work$ ! ,blue ,john m9es1 x 0 n until #aggj t ! lovely purple sp> 0 r$iscov]$ 9 ! ,hope ,valley1 a workman pass+ ?r\gh ! ,w9nats be+ attract$ by ! pieces ( sp> he saw ly+ ab\t1 ev5tually br++ !m "u ! notice ( ! own] ( a ,ro!rham m>ble works4 ,besides ! small] objects !re are ! l>g] tables1 work$ 9 ! same mat]ials1 "s ( :i* are sometimes met ) second-h& = q trifl+ sums4 ,jade or ,sple5 ,/one4 ,among ! r>] curios ( ! home are ^? wond]ful ornam5ts cut & c>v$ out ( jade1 a beautiful /one :i* has be5 s highly priz$ by ! ,*9ese4 ,its special value lies 9 ! exquisite t9ts ( ! diff]5t hues4 ,^! m>vell\sly v>i$ /ones 7 =m]ly qu>ri$ f ! ,ku5-,kask ,valley1 :]e jade or yu-/one runs 9 diff]5t-col\r$ ve9s ?r\gh ! rocks4 ,x is said t jade 9 ! =m ( sple5 /one fir/ came to ,europe f ,am]ica4 ,x is f\nd ext5sively 9 ,mexico1 & also 9 ,burma1 b ! *ief int]e/ c5tres 9 ! grotesque & clev]ly c>v$ ,*9ese curios4 ,! beauty & value ( ^! pieces lies n s mu* 9 _! =ms z 9 _! m>vell\s t9ts & ! clev] way 9 :i* ! ,*9ese workm51 9 fa%ion+ grotesque =ms1 h cut away practically all ! col\r ( c]ta9 intrud+ %ades1 leav+ ! figures 9 "s brilliant hue ( gre51 r$1 or p9k1 /&+ out ^u a base ( "s o!r %ade4 ,! curi\sly smok$ mutton-fat col\r is "o ( ! r>e/1 b to ! amateur ! m transp>5t & brilliant t9ts possess ! greate/ beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--,,temple ,,gu>dian1 ,,c>v$ ,,f ,,! ,,gn>l$ ,,root ,,( ,a ,,tree4 7,9 ! ,au?or's collection47 ,true jade1 or nephrite1 is a native silicate ( calcium & magnesium1 & does n exhibit ei!r cry/all9e =m or di/9ct cleavage4 ,9 addition to ! mutton-fat %ade spok5 s highly ( !re are lovely %ades 9 gre51 em]ald1 moss1 tea & sea gre51 violet & yell[1 & :ite & camphor2 b ! r>e/ ( all comb9ations is violet1 mutton-fat1 & em]ald gre54 ,wood ,c>v+s4 ,_m ( ! m decorative h\sehold ornam5ts are made ( wood4 ,to cut d[n a tree or to :ittle a /ick has be5 ! fav\rite occupation ( m5 ( all ages1 & ! possession ( a pocket-knife ! ambition ( ! s*oolboy f "t immemorial4 ,some?+ to cut keeps him out ( mis*ief & calls =? any +5uity he may h4 ,"s ( ! mo/ wond]ful curios h be5 cut by h&1 fa%ion$ ) skill4 ,"s are rem>kably reali/ic 9 _! =ms1 fai?ful copies ( liv+ orig9als1 or ( objects ( /ill great] antiquity ) :i* ! wood c>v] has be5 famili>4 ,c>v]s h sometimes all[$ !mselves to run wild 9 _! imag9ations z !y h cut & %ap$ a block ( wood1 giv+ x ! mo/ fanta/ic =m1 pictur+ my?s & fables 9 a wond]fully reali/ic way4 ,!re seems to be no end to ! v>iety ( wood5 ornam5t4 ,! c>v] has f\nd a place 9 ar*itectural design1 too1 _m old h\ses be+ enri*$ ) 8 h&iwork4 ,9 ! days :5 walls 7 panell$ ) oak1 ! c>v] & ! wood work] delight$ 9 cutt+ deep & intricate m\ld+s & 9 giv+ t delightful l95 fold to ! panels :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 pla94 ,t 0 ! ambition ( ! h\sehold decorator ( ,elizabe?an days4 ,tudor beams 7 cut & c>v$ & qua9t mottoes engrav$ ^u !m4 ,! old oak settles--sometimes portable1 at o!rs fixtures--7 c>v$ all ov]1 & ! fronts ( oak *e/s 7 (t5 made into pictures ( wood4 ,!y told ! tale ( ! family tree by ! coats ( arms & ! %ields emblazon$ by ! cutt] ( wood1 sometimes be+ enri*$ ) col\r2 at o!rs ! picture =ms 7 creat$ by inlay+ & sup]add+ fretwork4 ,!re 7 intricate c>v+s ( ! ,%]aton & ,*ipp5dale p]iods1 & !re 7 ! wond]ful floral sprays1 *]ubs1 & o!r ornam5ts s cunn+ly wr\ght by ,gr9l+ ,gibbons & 8 foll[]s4 ,wood5 ornam5t 9 ^? days took ! =m ( ov]-doors1 & wrea?s runn+ d[n ! l9tels2 & massive mantelpieces ( oak 7 c>v$ deeply4 ,!re 7 vases ( wood full ( fl[]s cut f ! same mat]ial /&+ on wood5 p$e/als4 ,! floral sprays1 x is said1 7 9 "s cases s delicately cut t !y %ook l natural fl[]s :5 any "o cross$ a room or a po/-*aise rumbl$ along ! /reet4 ,"s rem>kable picture frames 7 cut & c>v$ by amateurs1 correspond+ well ) ! h&iwork ( ! ne$lewoman !y en%r9$4 ,! cutt+ & c>v+ ( bann] scre5s 0 a "w ( art1 & _m times a lab\r ( love4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4--;,,c>v$ ,,plaque ,,/&4 ,!re are qua9t relics ( o!r c\ntries 9 wood c>v+ among ! curios ( ! home4 ,"s rem>kable pieces ( c>v$ *]ry-trees h be5 br\ght ov] f ,japan1 ! black trunk or root ( ! tree be+ turn$ into a gr9n+ demon1 simil> to ! "o illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ef1 :i* resembles ! temple gu>dian4 ,o!rs h be5 fa%ion$ l anci5t idols or apes1 _m be+ an int]mixture ( diff]5t-col\r$ woods1 v>y+ f almo/ r$-br[n to black1 ?r[+ up ! c>v+ 9 relief4 ,! ,ori5tal 0 a clev] wood c>v]1 & ) 8 primitive tools he cut & fa%ion$ a piece ( wood accord+ to 8 own sweet w1 evolv+ f x intricate works ( art 9 wood4 ,p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable examples ( ! wood-work]'s skill are ^? t9y m9iatures ( :i* !re is su* a spl5did collection 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 notably ! almo/ microscopic reliqu>ies4 ,! ,japanese & ,*9ese h %[n rem>kable skill 9 c>v+s1 & especially 9 ! way !y h set (f *9a plates & b[ls int5d$ z ornam5tal objects2 a truly magnific5t example ( su* "w is %[n 9 ,fig4 #eg4 ,old ,gilt4 ,! highly decorative "w kn[n z old gilt1 v fa%ionable 9 ! e>ly ,victorian draw+-room1 has q rec5tly be5 hunt$ up1 & _m pieces h be5 re/or$ to positions ( hon\r4 ,! gilt1 s-call$1 0 9 reality eighte5-c>at gold ov]laid ^u s(t brass by a process n n[ practis$4 ,delightfully decorative tr9ket /&s1 c>d trays1 & little baskets 7 made 9 ?is way2 & z !y 7 aft]w>ds coat$ ov] ) a transp>5t v>ni%1 !y h pres]v$ _! col\r2 inde$1 :5 f\nd black ) age1 aft] c>efully wa%+ 9 soap & wat]1 !y frequ5tly come out bright & unt>ni%$4 ,!n if bru%$ ov] ) :ite ( egg or "s transp>5t :ite v>ni% !y w keep _! col\r = _m ye>s to come4 ,^! decorative ornam5ts1 (t5 p]=at$ z well z emboss$1 7 frequ5tly enri*$ ) imitation jewels4 ,^? %[n 9 ,fig4 #fa are typical ( ! /yle ( ornam5t ref]r$ to4 ,sometimes sc5t sat*ets & jewell$ caskets are f\nd fitt$ ) qua9t reels = sew+ silk & curi\s ne$le hold]s4 ,! m elaborate pieces are (t5 ornam5t$ ) floral sprays made ( porcela92 "s ( ! baskets fill$ ) coral & seawe$ h curi\sly made little birds & butt]flies1 _m ( !m be+ g5u9e ,*elsea4 ,o!rs are ! framework = hold+ ,b[ figures or pa9t$ plaques4 ,?is ,victorian gilt is at pres5t n ov]-sc>ce1 & z x is n z yet mu* 9 dem& collectors h an exceptional opportunity ( secur+ int]e/+ specim5s at mod]ate co/4 ,old ,ivories4 ,mu* might be writt5 ab\t old ivories4 ,ivory has be5 a mu*-valu$ mat]ial = ornam5tal decoration f q e>ly times4 ,9 almo/ e home !re are curios & pieces ( furniture 9 :i* ivory has ei!r be5 ov]laid or ins]t$ z panels4 ,at "o "t x 0 mu* us$ = ov]lays1 & 9 v ?9 plates made up into all k9ds ( decorative models4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #eh1 #ei4--,,m9iature ,,copp] ,,& ,,silv] ,,kettles4 ,,fig4 #fj4--,,m9iature ,,ivory ,,c(fee ,,boil]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--,,two ,,old-,,gilt ,,jewell$ ,,ornam5ts4 ,!re are c>v$ tusks f ,africa & ,india1 & qua9t native curios made ( ivory cunn+ly wr\ght4 ,x is f ! ,ea/ t we receive s _m beautiful curios1 & especially s f ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,japan4 ,! ?ree rem>kably h&some ivories illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #fb w s]ve to illu/rate ! beautiful & (t5times co/ly curios f\nd 9 s _m homes4 ,m9iature ,antiques4 ,"s ( ! mo/ pleas+ little antiques are silv] models ( *ildr5's toys4 ,! orig9al models made contempor>y ) ! furniture or h\sehold gods !y purport to repres5t 7 frequ5tly ! gifts ( godp>5ts1 & _m are mo/ elaborate 9 _! designs1 e detail f\nd 9 ! l>g] orig9als be+ fai?fully reproduc$4 ,"s ( ^! little silv] toys1 ) :i* probably *ildr5 7 seldom all[$ to play1 repres5t$ common objects outside ! home1 su* z ! dovecote 9 ! g>d51 ! travell+ coa* ) its pranc+ /e$s1 ! pack-horse asc5d+ ! slope t[>ds a bridge ov] a /ream1 9 "s in/ances objects ( husb&ry & agriculture1 be+ giv5 to *ildr5 famili> ) ! c\ntry4 ,ano!r fav\rite type ( model curio is f\nd 9 ! rem>kably t9y objects workm5 sometimes prid$ !mselves ^u mak+--su* curios1 = in/ance1 z ! silv] & copp] kettles & c(fee pot %[n 9 ,figs4 #eh1 #ei1 & #fj4 ,! l>g] specim5 7drawn l>g] ?an ! orig9al7 0 made f a copp] f>?+1 ! small] kettles be+ hamm]$ out ( ?reep5ny-pieces2 ! c(fee pot is ( ivory--a *>m+ model4 ,!re are a few sundries :i* %\ld n be ov]look$ :5 collect+ curi\s ?+s rem9isc5t ( home-life z x once 04 ,among ^! are ! glass pictures once s mu* priz$ by well-to-d folk1 n[ valu$ only by ! collector ( su* ?+s4 ,^! 7 really pr9ts f pr9ts4 ,! me?od ( _! prep>ation 0 mo/ in>ti/ic1 al?\gh x 0 effectual4 ,a piece ( glass 0 coat$ ) v>ni%1 ! pr9t 0 !n plac$ ^u ! v>ni%1 & :5 dry & q h>d ! pap] 0 wa%$ (f1 leav+ a pr9t ^u ! prep>$ surface1 :i* 0 !n pa9t$ ov] at ! back1 ! picture ?us be+ made complete4 ,mu* /ore 0 =m]ly set by ! little plaques & m$allions :i*1 ) silh\ettes1 hung ^u ! walls4 ,among ! gems ( su* ornam5ts 7 ! exquisite tablets & cameos made by ,josiah ,w$gwood1 ^: beautiful vases & m9iature bottles1 z well z tea-sets 9 ! same w>es1 7 s mu* admir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4--,,?ree ,,f9e ,,old ,,ivories4 ,,vii ,,glass ,,& ,,enamels ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,glass ,,& ,,enamels ,wat]=d1 ,bri/ol1 & ,nailsea--,ornam5ts ( glass--,enamels on metal4 ,glass is us$ 9 e home4 ,x is se5 9 its ornam5tal =ms1 & is necess>y 9 almo/ e dep>tm5t4 ,9 kit*5 & pantry !re are di%es & tumbl]s & w9e glasses & decant]s ready = use4 ,among ^! !re are (t5 f\nd old glasses--t is1 glass vessels :i* f _! r>ity or age h atta9$ a curio value2 inde$1 _m h\sewives are unaw>e t _! kit*5 cupbo>d conta9s :at w\ld be valu$ z int]e/+ specim5s gladly pur*as$ by collectors ( glass4 ,_m ( ! old tumbl]s are beautifully engrav$1 (t5 hav+ floral ornam5t & da9ty ru/ic sc5es4 ,!y are n[ & !n commemorative ( ev5ts :i* ! glass mak] has record$ ) 8 grav+ tool1 & sometimes !y h be5 prep>$ to cat* ! pass+ fancy4 ,! /yles ( table glass h *ang$1 & _! %apes & sizes h alt]$ accord+ to ! popul> cu/om ( imbib+ c]ta9 liquors4 ,:5 pun* ceas$ to be ! cu/om>y dr9k1 & less] quantities ( ale 7 consum$1 pun* b[ls & tank>ds 7 less 9 reque/4 ,_! places 7 tak5 by w9e glasses ( m delicate =ms1 & *>m+ tallboys & cr9kl$ vessels ( glass took ! place ( ! old] mugs & pewt] cups4 ,! glasses us$ 9 pr(f]+ & dr9k+ toa/s h *ang$ mu* dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 & ! fiat glasses ( ! ,jacobite p]iod1 & ^? curi\s glasses ) portraits ( ! ,old ,pret5d] & ! ,"y ,pret5d] ^u !m1 are curios only1 = !y are no long] ne$$1 nei!r is ! toa/ ( ,! ,k+ drunk ov] ! wat]4 ,_s glasses & decant]s h alt]$ 9 =m1 b among ^? :i* h surviv$ & are /ill s\nd are "s r>e examples ( cutt+1 made 9 ! days :5 ! glass cutt] work$ ) primitive tools1 & su* me?ods z ! s& bla/1 *emical et*+1 & "s ( ! new] processes 7 unkn[n4 ,wat]=d1 ,bri/ol1 & ,nailsea4 ,among table sundries are glass salts & cruets2 ! latt]1 h[ev]1 h be5 mod]niz$ & r$uc$ 9 size1 & ! bottles & curi\sly %ap$ oil & v9eg> cruets ( a hundr$ or m ye>s ago look qua9t :5 comp>$ ) ^? ( ! pres5t day4 ,ev5 ! fl[] vases :i* =m]ly adorn$ ! table1 & ! m decorative di%es us$ = fancy sweetmeats & confections1 h *ang$1 leav+ 9 ! process _m ( ! old] pieces1 relegat$ to ! /ore-cupbo>d1 :]e disus$ glass s (t5 rema9s until 9 due "t x is rescu$ f oblivion by ! collector ( h\sehold curios4 ,among ! eighte5?-c5tury cut glass jugs & trifle b[ls are _m beautiful vessels1 = ! mak+ ( :i* c]ta9 di/ricts f "t to "t became fam\s4 ,! old ,wat]=d glass is especially notewor?y1 & z a speculation1 ap>t f ! int]e/ x possesses = collectors1 is wor? secur+4 ,bri/ol glass to ! un9itiat$ appe>s to be a misnom]1 9 t ! beautiful :ite milk-l surface ^u :i* s _m exquisite floral designs h be5 pa9t$ looks m l egg-%ell porcela91 b :5 held up to ! light is f\nd to be ( glass-l nature1 pellucid al?\gh semi-opaque4 ,nailsea glass has _m peculi> *>act]i/ics ab\t x1 notably ! curi\sly introduc$ wav$ & twi/$ l9es 9 col\rs4 ,_m objects :i* 7 ess5tially curios1 _! utilit>ian purposes hav+ always be5 second>y1 7 made at ,nailsea4 ,!re are gigantic models ( tobacco pipes1 =m]ly hung up aga9/ ! walls z ornam5ts4 ,z fitt+ companions to ! pipes 7 walk+-/icks ( glass1 "s v rem>kable designs :i* might at "o "t h be5 c>ri$ by ! gallants ( t day4 ,!y 7 (t5 fill$ ) sweetmeats & comfits1 ornam5t$ ) b[s ( ribbon1 & pres5t$ to ladies ( _! *oice by devot$ swa9s4 ,a few ( ^? curi\s /icks or %eph]d's crooks1 z !y 7 call$1 are to be se5 9 mo/ repres5tative museum collections4 ,! s-call$ roll+-p9s ( glass1 made at ,sund]l& z well z at ,nailsea & ,bri/ol1 7 kn[n z sailors' love tok5s1 & are ref]r$ to m fully 9 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,9 ! ,taunton ,ca/le ,museum !re are "s int]e/+ specim5s ( old glass1 notably "o ( ! v r>e d>k bottle-glass l95 smoo!rs :i* came f ,s\? ,pe!rton4 ,su* smoo!rs 7 at "o "t fav\r$ 9 ! kit*5 laundry 9 ! days :5 s]vant-maids excell$ 9 gett+ up l951 & prid$ !mselves on ! beautiful gloss !y 7 able to imp>t--9 ! days be=e public laundries ) _! mod]n gloss+ ma*9es 7 in/itut$4 ,"s ( our read]s may h se5 ! curi\s glass tubes1 "o y>d 9 l5g?1 into :i* ale 0 p\r$ 9 ! days :5 x 0 consid]$ a desirable atta9m5t to be able to dr9k at "o draught a y>d ( ale4 ,( ! l>g] vessels su* z w9e bottles1 ! *ief collectable feature ab\t !m is ! old glass-bottle-mak]s' /amps1 v frequ5tly f\nd on fragm5ts ( bottles1 su* /amps (t5 turn+ up among ! oddm5ts ( kit*5 draw]s :i* h probably be5 undi/urb$ = _m ye>s4 ,to collect bottle /amps is c]ta9ly an uncommon hobby1 b "o t is n altoge!r devoid ( int]e/4 ,ornam5ts ( ,glass4 ,( h\sehold ornam5ts 9 glass !re appe>s to be no end4 ,!re are ! glass ,v5etian vases & ew]s1 beautiful & graceful 9 =m1 ri*ly ornam5t$ 9 gold2 & !re are ! old ,engli% & ,fr5* vases1 ! col\r+ ( :i* is n always 9 accord ) mod]n ta/e4 ,cut glass1 9 :atev] =m x is met )1 is appreciat$1 9 t ! workman%ip involv+ s mu* /udi\s lab\r is recogniz$4 ,cont95tal glass has at all p]iods be5 import$ into ?is c\ntry1 & especially s ,bohemian glass1 ( :i* !re are decant]s ( ruby1 cl>et1 blue1 & o!r ri* col\rs2 "s rem>kable effects h be5 produc$ ^u r$ glass by add+ t9t$ col\rs & :ite decoration int]sp]s$ ) gold4 ,glass lu/res h acquir$ an antiqu>ian value1 & *&eli]s & mantelpiece lu/re c&le/icks are s\ght aft] by ! collector1 :o sometimes f9ds int]sp]s$ ) cut glass lu/re pretty col\r$ *9a dropp]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--;,,batt]sea ,,enamels4 ,pictorial ,art 9 ,glass4 ,/a9$-glass w9d[s are associat$ ) ecclesia/ical edifices4 ,old ,engli% h\ses1 h[ev]1 n infrequ5tly conta9 armorial panels1 coats ( arms 9 lead5 frames1 & curi\s little pictures 9 col\rs :i* c be hung aga9/ mod]n w9d[s :]e ! light w ?r[ up ! ri* col\r+ ( ! old-"t pa9t]s4 ,little pat*es ( col\r1 too1 7 (t5 introduc$ 9 o!rwise pla9 diamond-%ap$ lattice panes4 ,!re are glass pictures1 s-call$1 (t5times consi/+ ( col\r$ pr9ts pa/$ on "o side ( ! glass1 a s(t5$ effect be+ produc$ by ! glass ?r\gh :i* !y 7 se52 b !y mu/ be di/+ui%$ f ! m co/ly pa9t+s on glass sometimes met )4 ,9 _m an old h\se ! glass %ade ) its cont5ts s in>ti/ic1 al?\gh remov$ f its place ( hon\r on ! p>l\r table1 f\nd a ni*e :]e x is pres]v$4 ,"u su* %ades 7 pres]v$ wool-"w baskets fill$ ) artificial fl[]s1 among :i* 7 (t5 small porcela9 figures1 butt]flies & birds4 ,sometimes a ,p>ian vase has be5 fill$ ) wax fl[]s1 ! mak+ ( :i* 0 a fav\rite pa/ime half a c5tury ago4 ,! dri$ plant call$ hone/y 0 frequ5tly cov]$ ) a glass %ade4 ,glass %ips 7 exce$+ly popul> 9 seaport t[ns1 & little m9iature replicas ( h\sehold furniture 9 glass are met )2 inde$1 !re seems to h be5 no limit to ! fancies & freaks ( ! glass bl[]1 :o has at diff]5t p]iods provid$ ! pres5t-day collector ) curi\s1 if v breakable1 curios4 ,enamels on ,metal4 ,! art ( enamell+ on metal has be5 practis$ f v e>ly times4 ,9 its e>li] =ms x 0 *iefly an art appli$ to jewell]y & ! ornam5tation ( ecclesia/ical metal "w4 ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 x 0 appli$ z a conv5i5t me?od ( decorat+ utilit>ian h\sehold articles su* z fire-dogs & c&le/icks4 ,^? :o frequ5t ! m important museums (t5 associate enamels ) ! co/ly & r>e enamels ( ,limoges1 & ! *oice bits ( ,italian enamels se5 9 ! cases ( metals :]e ! mo/ valuable curios are ga!r$ toge!r4 ,su* vessels z ^? m>vell\s effects produc$ by ! enamell]s ( ,limoges are inde$ r>ely f\nd among h\sehold curios2 x is well1 h[ev]1 to note t ! processes by :i* ^? effects 7 produc$ *ang$ z "t w5t on4 ,! e>li] transluc5t enamel ( ! ,italian arti/s 0 laid ov] an incis$ metal gr\nd1 ! design previ\sly prep>$ %[+ ?r\gh4 ,9 ! lat] ,limoges enamels ! surface ) :i* ! copp] base 0 ov]laid 0 pa9t$1 v mu* 9 ! same way z ! m9iature pa9t]s on enamels op]at$ 9 aft]-ye>s4 ,! process ( cov]+ metal ) enamels made ( a species ( glass is v anci5t1 b ! basis ( all enamels is ! application ( fusible col\rless silicate or glass 9 patt]n or design1 mix$ ) metallic oxides1 ! prep>$ surface be+ aft]w>ds fir$ until ! enamel adh]es firmly to ! copp] or o!r metal4 ,! processes v>i$1 b ! fir+ or fus+ 0 ! same ?r\gh\t4 ,! "n enamel is traceable to ! ,fr5* ^w enail & ! ,italian smalto1 bo? hav+ ! same root z ! ,anglo-,saxon ^w smelt4 ,! enamels ( ,*9a & ,japan s ext5sively import$ into ?is c\ntry ( late ye>s are *iefly made by fill+ cloisons or cells =m$ ( f9e metal wires or plates ) col\r$ enamels & !n fir+ !m4 ,z ! collector advances 9 8 appreciation ( ! old craftsm51 he soon recognizes ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! antiques s5t ov] by ,ori5tal m]*ants & ! mod]n works made on pres5t-day comm]cial l9es1 & n ! "w ( m5 ^: "t 0 deem$ ( small acc\nt if !y acquir$ notoriety = ! beauty ( _! "w4 ,! h\sehold enamels ( ,engli% make consi/ *iefly ( ^? beautiful little boxes1 tr9kets1 & dome/ic objects made at ,batt]sea & ,bil/on 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! enamels us$ = ! gr\nd 7 t9t$ rose1 blue1 & o!r %ades1 & ornam5t$ ) pa9t$ pictures & mottoes4 ,a v f9e gr\p ( ,batt]sea pat* boxes is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fc4 ,,viii ,,lea!r ,,& ,,horn ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,lea!r ,,& ,,horn ,spani% lea!r--,cuir b\lli "w--,tape/ry & uphol/]y--,lea!r bottles & dr9k+ vessels--,lea!r curios--,%oes--,horn "w4 ,t !re is no?+ l lea!r has be5 believ$ by p ( all ages1 & 9 _m c\ntries ! g5]al belief has be5 put into practice1 = _m inde$ are ! uses to :i* lea!r has be5 put4 ,z a la/+ mat]ial x has be5 prov$ to possess excell5t qualities4 ,! arti/1 too1 has f\nd t lea!r is capable ( be+ treat$ s z to give ! effect ( delicate c>v+s1 & to s]ve well _m purposes ( decoration4 ,9 ! ,ea/ lea!r 0 us$ 9 patri>*al times1 ! sk9s ( animals mak+ excell5t wat] bottles4 ,9 m$iaeval ,engl& lea!r black jacks1 cups1 & flagons )/ood ! r\gh usage ( ^? roi/]\s times4 ,! collector seeks bo? useful & ornam5tal1 & f9ds mu* to delight among ! old lea!rn objects hid away z be+ n[ q useless or antiquat$4 ,spani% ,lea!r4 ,z e>ly z ! fifte5? c5tury ,cordova1 9 ,spa91 0 celebrat$ = its work]s 9 lea!r1 & = ! f9e ornam5tal lea!r vessels produc$ !re4 ,"s ( ! designs fav\r$ by ,spani% craftsm5 7 gruesome 9 ! extreme4 ,inde$1 _m 7 fa%ion$ = ! purpose ( creat+ fe> 9 ! use ( ! vessels s ornam5t$4 ,a few ye>s ago a rem>kably f9e collection ( old ,spani% lea!r "w 0 exhibit$ 9 ,london4 ,!re 7 "s hide\s & grotesque figures1 :i* x 0 said _h be5 design$ = ! m5tal torture ( ! victims ( ! ,inquisition4 ,"s ( ! l>g] specim5s 7 rem>kably well execut$1 especially s "s ( ! w9e bottles :i* imitat$ v reali/ically ! pose ( m5 & wom54 ,"s ( ! female figures 7 repres5t$ we>+ fl[+ g[ns & co/umes ( ! height ( fa%ion--tall & noble wom54 ,by way ( contra/ !re 7 little manik9 w9e jugs ( ! mo/ grotesque =ms4 ,! ,spani>ds made lea!r uphol/]ies ( rem>kable designs2 !y also ornam5t$ boxes1 trunks1 & cases = knives & co/ly tr9kets4 ,cuir b\lli ,"w4 ,mo/ ( ! decorat$ lea!r "w ( t p]iod1 examples ( :i* are n v difficult to secure1 0 made by ! cuir b\lli process4 ,! lea!r1 aft] be+ boil$ d[n to a pulp & salt & alum add$1 0 !n m\ld$ to any desir$ =m1 ! decoration be+ imp>t$ 9 ! process4 ,! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum is v ri* 9 f9e examples1 & a description ( "s ( ! typical pieces !re may s]ve z a guide to collectors hopeful ( includ+ "s objects m\ld$ by ?is process among _! h\sehold relics4 ,! "w 0 c>ri$ on at ,cordova & o!r places = a long p]iod1 "s ( ! museum examples dat+ back to ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,!re are cases = hold+ :at 7 !n r>e books & manuscripts1 & a rem>kable scribe's case ) a r$ cov] has loops on ei!r side to :i* a cord 0 atta*$4 ,! scribe 0 an important p]sonage 9 comm]cial & private correspond5ce 9 ! days :5 ev5 rudim5t>y education 0 by no means g5]al4 ,9 ! same collection is a lea!r box = hold+ a knife & =k2 on ! out] case is a m$allion1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* is a repres5tation ( ! two spies return+ f ,canaan ) a l>ge bun* ( grapes4 ,!re are also cases :i* h once held w9e bottles1 "s ornam5t$ 9 col\rs2 inde$1 ! /amp$1 cut1 & emboss$ designs ( ! cuir b\lli "w 7 frequ5tly enri*$ by ! addition ( r$1 yell[1 & gold4 ,!re are "s specially int]e/+ examples ( ,italian "w1 repres5t+ a p]iod cov]+ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,9 ?is connection !re are pilgrim bottles ( yell[ glass encas$ 9 wond]ful lea!r cov]s1 cut & emboss$4 ,!re are lea!r snuff boxes ) trellis-"w ornam5t & scroll bord]s1 "o v int]e/+ piece be+ v>ni%$ to imitate tortoise%ell4 ,!re are also "s attractive toilet objects1 evid5tly antique pres5tation pieces4 ,"o is a mo/ elaborately cut & incis$ comb case1 on ! ext]ior ( :i* is ! motto or leg5d3 ,,de ,,bo5 ,,amore4 ,9 ! same collection !re is a f9e lea!r case = a cup or tank>d4 ,su* cup cases are n uncommon1 _m be+ ! receptacles = treasur$ heirlooms4 ,p]haps "o ( ! mo/ not$ examples ( ! use ( emboss$ & decorative lea!r "w is ! anci5t case ( /amp$ lea!r intricately foliat$1 a highly decorative "w ( art 9 :i* is enclos$ t rem>kable goblet ( leg5d>y fame kn[n z ,! ,luck ( ,ed5 ,hall4 ,tape/ry & ,uphol/]y4 ,/amp$ & emboss$ lea!r "w is v conspicu\s 9 dome/ic uphol/]y4 ,9 v e>ly times ! lea!r "w1 hung ^u ! wall 9 panels1 took ! place ( m mod]n wall-cov]+s1 & x 0 truly la/+4 ,mu* ( ! ,cordovan lea!r is /ill v fre% 9 appe>ance1 al?\gh sev]al c5turies old4 ,"s ( ! panels hang+ on ! walls at ,s\? ,k5s+ton look rem>kably fre%1 &1 ri*ly decorat$ 9 col\rs1 _m ( !m are v effective4 ,a special bran* ( ?is "w 0 t devot$ to ! decoration ( *air backs2 /amp$ lea!r "w = uphol/]y has be5 us$ 9 ?is c\ntry to a l>ge ext5t1 & "s ( ! l>ge oak *airs are /ill uphol/]$ 9 ! orig9al ornam5tal lea!r produc$ by boil+ ! hides by a special process1 s t ! mat]ial c\ld be readily m\ld$4 ,9 m mod]n times1 h[ev]1 ! decoration is effect$ by emboss+ & /amp+1 supplem5t+ su* ornam5t by ! use ( an imm5se quantity ( small brass nails1 :i* are arrang$ 9 geometrical patt]ns or /raight l9es1 (t5times names & dates be+ includ$ 9 ! design4 ,9 ?is connection also are scre5s ( pa9t$ & gilt lea!r1 *iefly ( eighte5?-c5tury manufacture4 ,!re is a good deal ( ?is lea!r "w to be f\nd 9 old h\ses /ill1 & mu* ( x is capable ( improvem5t by prop]ly clean+ & t\*+ up "h & !re s z to revive ! old col\rs4 ,"h & !re hung up z wall decorations may be se5 lea!r-cov]$ boxes :i* 7 specially made to hold de$s2 9 ! old] examples !re is a l>ge circul> piece bel[ ! n>r[ box1 arrang$ s t ! seal c\ld hang 9 its prop] position f ! end ( ! de$2 !y 71 ( c\rse1 9 common use be=e ! days ( safes & o!r me?ods ( pres]v+ p>*m5ts & prop]ty de$s4 ,"o 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum is /amp$ on ! ext]ior ) ! description ( ! de$ x orig9ally conta9$1 ! inscription comm5c+ ?us3 ,,! ,,graunt ,,( ,,h53 ,,! #e ,,to ,,! ,,abbot ,,( ,,rad+4 ,*e/s & ,c(f]s4 ,be=e mod]n travell+ requisites 7 kn[n & 9 ! days :5 j\rneys 7 few1 ! lea!r-cov]$ c(f] conta9$ ! :ole travell+ outfit ( p]haps "s noble "l & 8 h\sehold4 ,!re 7 also l>ge c(f]s cov]$ ) lea!r us$ z p]man5t receptacles ( clo?+1 cov]$ ) ornam5tal emboss$ lea!r "w1 "s v decorative4 ,!re 7 small] c(f]s1 too2 possibly !y 7 jewel caskets 9 _! day4 ,!re are o!rs :i* may h be5 pres5tation cases1 = _! decoration is especially elaborate4 ,9 mak+ ^! cont95tal craftsm5 seem to h excell$4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum !re is a curi\s ,g]man casket ( wood cov]$ ) lea!r1 /rongly b\nd ) iron1 hav+ ?ree imm5se hasps f :i* locks once hung1 altoge!r too massive = ! little casket4 ,"o w\ld ?9k su* precautions 7 ( n mu* avail aga9/ !ft1 = ! box itself c\ld be remov$ readily6 ,!re is ano!r *>m+ little casket1 ) a circul> or dome-%ap$ top1 decorat$ & b&$1 a v]itable prototype ( ! t9 trunks g5]ally 9 use a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago4 ,!re is also a rem>kable piece1 a wood box cov]$ ov] ) lea!r emboss$ by ! cuir b\lli process4 ,! *ief design takes ! =m ( two arm$ horsem51 surr\nd$ by grotesque ornam5t on ! top1 on ! sides be+ hunt+ sc5es1 episodes ( ! *ase4 ,?is curi\s example ( ! "w ( sev5te5?-c5tury arti/s 9 lea!r measures #af #a_/b 94 9 l5g? by #ab #a_/b 94 9 wid?4 ,ano!r typical piece1 ( a highly decorative allegorical "*1 is a rectangul> c(fret ) ar*$ lid1 ! ornam5t be+ 9 col\rs & gilt4 ,on ! front is a knight & a lady1 on ! lid two palad9s m\nt$ on griff9s1 two savages ) clubs & %ields1 & two images ( ! sun1 ^! typify+ ! /ory ( ! deliv]y ( a captur$ lady by a knight4 ,lea!r ,bottles & ,dr9k+ ,vessels4 ,sev]al int]e/+ speciali/ic collections ( lea!r bottles & dr9k+ vessels h be5 got toge!r1 %[+ ! v>i$ =ms ( ! almo/ imp]i%able vessels1 s suitable z liquor c>ri]s & dr9k+ cups 9 old5 "t4 ,9 ! ,guildhall ,museum are sev]al diff]5t types ( bottles1 black jacks1 & silv]-rimm$ cups4 ,until comp>atively rec5t times _m old inns 7 fam\s = _! lea!r dr9k+ cups1 b z ! coa*+ days came to an end su* vessels 7 gradually disp]s$4 ,n[ t motor-c>s h popul>iz$ ! road once m1 & old inns are aga9 frequ5t$1 ! collector seeks 9 va9 = :at 7 once q common4 ,9 ano!r not$ collection !re is a dr9k+ cup or bottle m\ld$ l a negro's head1 & !re are :at are call$ pilgrim bottles1 "s ( :i* are ( ornam5tal type4 ,! s-call$ pots h sometimes lids & loosely fitt+ cov]s2 ! black jacks1 h[ev]1 are *iefly op51 ill-%ap$ vessels4 ,"s ( ! black jacks 7 v l>ge1 "o 9 ! ,taunton ,museum measur+ #ai 94 9 height4 ,x 0 orig9ally us$ 9 ! s]vants' hall at ,montacute ,h\se1 :i* is "o ( ! f9e/ old build+s 9 ,som]set4 ,?is fam\s jack 0 9 old5 "t fill$ ) be] e morn+ & plac$ on ! s]vants' breakfa/ table4 ,^? small] cups ) silv] m\nts & %ields1 on :i* are (t5 engrav$ cre/s or initials ( _! =m] own]s1 are ( ! r>] type1 b !y are n infrequ5tly f\nd among ! relics ( an old family4 ,!re is a f9e collection 9 ! ,hull ,museum1 & 9 o!r places :]e !y are f\nd 9 excell5t condition1 prov+ ! tru? ( ! rhyme publi%$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,droll]y 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 9 praise ( ! black jack1 :i* runs z foll[s3-- ,no tank>d1 flagon1 bottle1 or jug ,are half s good1 or s well c hold tug2 ,= :5 !y are brok5 or full ( cracks1 ,!n mu/ !y fly to ! brave black jacks4 ,lea!r ,curios4 ,"s v f9e pieces ( lea!r "w h be5 modell$ z curios & ornam5ts4 ,"s ( ! mo/ notable are models ( old w>%ips & fully rigg$ galleons made ( lea!r4 ,lea!r pictures 7 made "s ye>s ago2 a little lat] lea!r modell+ ( baskets ( fl[]s1 & ! mak+ ( picture frames ( lea!r 0 a popul> amusem5t1 "s ( ! ornam5tal brackets made ( lea!r be+ specially effective4 ,! surr\nds ( picture frames made ( lea!r cut to %ape1 c>v$ & modell$1 _h a v simil> effect to ! beautiful c>v$ wood "w ( an e>li] p]iod4 ,"s ( ! p[d] flasks ( lea!r :i* 7 us$ a c5tury or two ago are valu$ curios1 z well z ! lea!r cases /amp$ & emboss$ s decorative & appropriate to ! pi/ols & knives !y 7 made to conta94 ,( ! f9] objects !re are small curios l lea!r snuff boxes & tr9ket cases4 ,( ! m utilit>ian lea!r "w !re is ! we>+ app>el ( =m] days1 ! lea!r clo?+ ( ,cromwellian times & ! lea!r boots4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum !re is a rem>kably int]e/+ case ( lea!r %oes %[+ ! evolution 9 /yle & appe>ance4 ,!re are "s v po9t$ %oes worn 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 a slightly diff]5t %ape 9 ! fifte5?1 bo? contra/+ ) ! *ange 9 fa%ion :i* _h come ab\t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 ! boots 7 squ>e & "s ( ! %oes v r\nd$4 ,! ,well+ton boots ( a lat] p]iod are n yet mu* valu$2 !re may come a "t1 h[ev]1 :5 !y w be reg>d$ z museum curios4 ,lea!r gloves date back _m c5turies1 & "s ( ! old specim5s ) gauntlets & decorative cuffs are int]e/+ antiques1 z well z lea!r wallets1 purses1 & girdles4 ,%oes4 ,among sundry ,ea/]n curios qua9tly %ap$ & sometimes beautifully embroid]$ %oes are met )1 su* z ^? :i* h be5 br\ght ov] to ?is c\ntry f ,*9a & ,ea/]n l&s4 ,mo/ ( ! %oes worn 9 ! ,ea/ are slipp$ (f easily1 &1 l ,p]sian & ,turki% slipp]s1 are made ( r$ lea!r beautifully embroid]$1 silk1 sat91 & velvet be+ ov]laid & embroid]$ ) silv] & sequ9s4 ,! old practice ( compress+ ! feet ( "y girls 9 ,*9a is dy+ out1 b "s ( ! curi\s little %oes :i* gave su* pa9 to _! we>]s are se5 z museum curios on acc\nt ( _! curi\s decoration4 ,indian %oes are met ) at times1 especially ^? embroid]$ ) silv] ?read1 & ) gre5 & o!r col\r$ silks4 ,a curi\s c]emony is associat$ ) ! m>riage ( a ,turki% bride1 :o we>s a pair ( clogs c>v$ all ov]1 sometimes ) symbolical significance1 on h] way to h] prescrib$ c]emonial visit to ! ba?4 ,at "o "t x 0 cu/om>y = a ,jewi% bridegroom to pres5t 8 bride ) a %oe at ! conclusion ( ! w$d+ c]emony1 ?is cu/om be+ n f> remov$ f t ( ?r[+ an old %oe aft] a newly m>ri$ c\ple = luck4 ,horn ,"w4 ,art 9 horn "w 0 practis$ m a c5tury ago ?an x is to-day1 ! mat]ial be+ !n a fav\rite "o = dr9k+ cups & a v>iety ( ornam5tal "w4 ,old snuff boxes 7 frequ5tly made ( horn impress$ or /amp$ ) beautiful designs1 su* z hunt+ sc5es & my?ological figures4 ,horn c ei!r be cut1 m\ld$1 or turn$1 its natural ela/icity mak+ x v durable & difficult to break4 ,its s\rce ( supply is *iefly f ! horn$ cattle1 ! buffalo & ! bison1 ! horns ( ^! bea/s 9 _! natural /ate frequ5tly be+ m\nt$ on %ields j z 9 lat] ye>s ! horns ( small] animals1 su* z ! ,s\? ,african v>ieties ( ! ibex1 spr+bok1 & simil> horn$ %eep & cattle1 are br\ght ov] to ?is c\ntry & m\nt$ z ornam5ts4 ,x is said t ! old art ( impress+ or /amp+ horn & tortoise%ell has long be5 disc>d$1 & is only reta9$ = /amp+ buttons4 ,fancy hair ornam5ts 7 frequ5tly s m\ld$1 ! horn or tortoise%ell be+ aft]w>ds decorat$ ) inlaid silv] & gold4 ,"s ( ! press$ "w is extremely beautiful & has e appe>ance ( be+ done by h&1 b mu* *eap]1 ( c\rse1 z ! patt]ns c\ld be multipli$ to any ext5t aft] ! dies _h be5 cut4 ,?9 plates ( horn 7 =m]ly us$ 9 lant]ns1 & a simil> piece ( horn 0 us$ z a protector ov] ! anci5t alphabet & *ild's spell+ tablet t gave x ! "n ( ! horn book4 ,among h\sehold curios are dr9k+ horns elaborately et*$1 & frequ5tly turn$ 9 a la!4 ,!y 7 popul> 9 ! sev5te5? & e>ly eighte5? c5turies1 & ! turn$ patt]ns !n s common 7 copi$ by ! silv]smi?s1 :o made silv] tank>ds & dr9k+ cups on ! same models4 ,! cornucopia or horn ( abundance figures frequ5tly 9 sculpture1 pa9t+s1 & works ( art4 ,! horn is "o ( ! e>ly in/rum5ts ( music 7see ,*apt] ,,xv71 & has long be5 associat$ ) sports4 ,x has s\nd$ ! ,tally ,ho ( ! fox hunt1 & play$ an important "p 9 coa*+ days4 ,9 "s old h\ses v]itable horns are f\nd hung 9 conspicu\s places z relics ( ! pa/1 b ! coa*+ horns j ref]r$ to are = ! mo/ "p ( metal4 ,! ,wor%ipful ,company ( ,horn]s is /ill 9 evid5ce at ,city fea/s4 ,! "w ( ! craft 9 old5 "t1 z record$ by ! *apla9 ( ! ,company 9 a little book he has prep>$1 giv+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,horn]s1 0 practis$ 9 ! days ( ,k+ ,alfr$4 ,at lea/ two hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e ! ,norman ,conque/ _m ( ! pat5s & *alices us$ 9 *ur*es 7 made by horn]s1 & at "o "t cups1 plates1 & o!r vessels made ( t useful mat]ial 7 9 daily use 9 ,engli% homes4 ,,ix ,,! ,,toilet ,,table ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4--;,,antique ,,dress+ ,,or ,,toilet ,,glass4 7,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,toilet ,,table ,! table & its secrets--,combs--,pat* boxes--,enamell$ objects--,p]fume boxes & hold]s--,dress+ cases--,scrat*backs--,toilet *atela9es--,locks ( hair--,jewel cab9ets4 ,! my/]ies ( ! toilet table are sometimes reveal$ 9 ! curi\s furni%+s ( ! dress+-room4 ,! num]\s accessories :i* are pur*as$ f ! beauty speciali/1 & z ! result ( speci\sly word$ & attractively illu/rat$ adv]tisem5ts1 9 ! pres5t day1 indicate t x is n at all unlikely t ! fa%ions ( all ages h dem&$ a pl5tiful supply ( toilet requisites 9 ord] t ! ,society beauty might vie ) h] ne>e/ rival4 ,! curio collector is n s mu* conc]n$ ) ! cosmetics1 salves1 pomades1 & hair wa%es & dyes1 ! use ( :i* has call$ =? receptacles = !m1 z ) ! *oice boxes1 cases1 & implem5ts ( ! tonsorial art :i* _! use involv$4 ,to se>* = su* ?+s & to secure "s hi!rto unkn[n in/rum5t or receptacle is ev] ! ambition ( ! en]getic curio hunt]4 ,! field is l>ge en\gh1 = su* curios are f\nd 9 ! tombs ( ! prehi/oric dead1 & among ! h\sehold gods ( ! primitive savage 9 ! few rema9+ unexplor$ inhabit$ c\ntries to-day4 ,su* objects may ) a fair prospect ( success be look$ = among ! relics ( ,assyrian & ,egyptian races1 & among ! bronze curios ( ,anci5t ,greece & ,rome2 & excavations reveal relics ( ,saxon & m$iaeval ,engl& among ! ru9s :i* h be5 cov]$ up = c5turies4 ,com+ d[n ! ages1 ! my/]ies ( ! toilet table1 z pictur$ 9 ! n always ref9$ engrav+s ( ! copp]-plate arti/s ( a c5tury or s ago1 tell ( habits & conditions prevail+ among ! ladies ( ,society !n :i* w\ld h>dly be deem$ polite & ref9$ n[4 ,ladies :o us$ pat*es & cosmetics & dress$ _! hair 9 su* a mode t x 0 r>ely let d[n & bru%$1 ne$$ _m accessories n[ obsolete4 ,moreov]1 ! gradual *ange :i* pass$ ov] ,society1 & ! privacy ( ! mod]n toilet z comp>$ ) ! days :5 mu* t is n[ deem$ curi\s & antique 0 9 common use1 has br\ght ab\t a new ord] ( ?+s1 & made o!r tr9kets ?an pat*1 p[d]1 & salve boxes acceptable gifts betwe5 lov]s2 h5ce we sc>cely realize ! s5tim5t t induc$ ! donors ( toilet requisites to be/[ !m on ! ladies ( _! *oice1 or ! recipi5ts to welcome "s ( ! curios obvi\sly giv5 f s5tim5tal motives4 ,! illu/rations 9 books publi%$ _m ye>s ago incid5tally record$ ! use ( "s ( ! curios !n 9 ! mak+4 ,! arti/s c]ta9ly 7 n ov]-mode/1 & f> f ba%ful 9 ! lucid way 9 :i* !y pictur$ or c>icatur$ ! toilet table1 & ! maid5 :o 9 ^? days 0 acqua9t$ ) ! uses ( ! little relics ( h] day :i* are n[ among ! h\sehold curios appropriately gr\p$ "u ! head+ ( ?is *apt]4 ,! ,table & its ,secrets4 ,x is be=e ! look+ glass1 ! c5tral object on1 or =m+ a "p (1 ! toilet table1 t ! *ief my/]ies ( ! toilet are p]=m$4 ,x is obvi\s1 !re=e1 t ! table1 to be 9 accord ) ! use its "n sugge/s1 %\ld be ! gr& receptacle = all ! m9or prep>ations & _! boxes or cov]s1 z well z = ! bru%es & combs & mirrors & sundries a ,society beauty may require4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to tax ! m5tal faculties 9 imag9+ :at may h be5 ! equival5t to bru%es & combs ) :i* ! prehi/oric woman ( ?\s&s ( ye>s ago bru%$ & comb$ h] tangl$ tresses4 ,%e 0 +5i\s en\gh to break (f & trim %>p prickly ?orns1 & to use !m z p9s to fa/5 h] scanty home-made g>m5ts1 no d\bt2 & %e w\ld probably f9d 9 ,nature's supply :at s]v$ h] :5 mak+ h] toilet1 & view+ h]self 9 cle> pool or /ream4 ,arti/s h pictur$ su* toilets1 & poets h told ( ! toilet & ! ba? ( ,greek & ,roman maid5s ( old5 "t4 ,x is said t ! toilet ( a ,roman lady occupi$ mu* ( h] "t4 ,aft] %e _h ris5 & tak5 h] ba? %e plac$ h]self 9 ! h&s ( ! cosmotes1 slaves :o possess$ ! secrets ( pres]v+ & beautify+ ! complexion ( ! sk94 ,%e frequ5tly wore a m$icat$ mask & w5t ?r\gh :at w\ld to-day be consid]$ v pa9ful op]ations4 ,h] sk9 0 rubb$ ) pumice /one1 & sup]flu\s hairs 7 remov$ ) a pair ( tweez]s4 ,grecian slaves 7 adepts at col\r+ eyela%es & eyebr[s & treat+ ! lips ) r$ pomade4 ,! mirror 0 9 frequ5t use4 ,_m ( ! poli%$ metal mirrors ( ^? days 7 adorn$ ) preci\s /ones & _h h&les ( "m-o'-pe>l2 & silv] & gold 7 common 9 ! fa%ion+ ( ! framework4 ,hair appo9tm5ts1 includ+ combs1 7 v decorative1 frequ5tly be+ made ( ivory1 & _m beautiful c>v$ specim5s are to be se5 9 our museums4 ,! dress+ table z we und]/& x to-day 0 ( lat] days1 = _m c5turies elaps$ betwe5 ! toilet ( ! ladies j m5tion$ & t ( ,engli% dames ^: odds & ends are to be f\nd 9 mo/ h\ses to-day--= few are )\t family relics ( ! toilet4 ,! toilet or dress+ table 0 orig9ally q small1 & made solely = ! purpose nam$4 ,x op5$ v mu* l a small desk or bureau1 & 0 seldom m ?an #ah 94 or #bj 94 9 wid?4 ,! desk-l flap s]v$ ! purpose ( a table2 beh9d x 0 a numb] ( t9y draw]s 9 :i* ! secret my/]ies ( ! toilet 7 hidd54 ,!re1 too1 7 ! lady's tr9kets & jewell]y1 safely h\s$ 9 ! dep?s ( ^? curi\s recesses4 ,su* a table 0 surm\nt$ by a look+ glass ( ! type n[ spok5 ( 9 a g5]ic s5se z ,%]aton4 ,9 l9e ) ! m elaborately fitt$ tables 7 indep5d5t glasses fitt$ ) a small draw]--a poor sub/itute1 h[ev]1 = ! toilet table & glass1 comb9$ or us$ 9 conjunction1 9 front ( :i* ! ladies ( ! eighte5? c5tury p]=m$ _! toilets4 ,9 ,fig4 #fd is illu/rat$ a v beautiful glass ( ! ,ori5tal /yle ( japann$ decoration4 ,! slide supports ( ! desk-l flap are on ! pr9ciple adopt$ 9 ! con/ruction ( contempor>y bureaux4 ,!re is also a draw]1 full ( comp>tm5ts1 :i* draws out & discloses _! cov]s & "s ( ! in/rum5ts & articles ( ! toilet !y conta94 ,combs4 ,! combs ( old5 "t 7 mu* m elaborate affairs ?an !y are to-day4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! comb :i* mu/ s frequ5tly h be5 view$ by ! fair us] 0 consid]$ ! mo/ appropriate toilet requisite on :i* to exp5d c>e & to lavi% co/ly lab\r 9 ord] to make x truly a ?+ ( beauty1 to be reta9$ & ev5 jeal\sly gu>d$4 ,! preci\s metals & ivory 7 us$ z well z h>d woods4 ,alas6 l ! fate ( mod]n combs1 ! tee?--co>se & f9e--snapp$ "o by "o1 & (t5times a r>e & beautiful back1 betwe5 ! two r[s ( tee? t once 71 is ne>ly all t is left ( ! once p]fect comb4 ,_m combs ( ivory1 h[ev]1 c>v$ all ov] ) exquisite m9iatures1 h be5 pres]v$1 & ! sc5es ^u !m h be5 incid5ts ( ! *ase1 classic love sc5es1 & sometimes reproductions 9 picture =m ( well-kn[n biblical sc5es1 n always ( ! mo/ delicately *os5 subjects4 ,n long ago a v rem>kable gold comb ( fir/-c5tury workman%ip 0 f\nd ne> ! village ( ,znam5ka1 9 ,s\!rn ,russia1 :]e excavations 9 a burial m\nd _h br\ght to light ! tomb ( a ,scy?ian k+1 ^: head 0 adorn$ ) ?is beautiful comb4 ,! upp] portion repres5t$ a combat betwe5 ?ree w>riors1 "o m\nt$ on a *>g]4 ,t comb1 h[ev]1 %\ld be class$ among dress combs r ?an dress+ combs4 ,! ivory combs = comb+ ! hair v>y 9 size & 9 ! /r5g? ( _! tee?4 ,sometimes a comb made ( boxwood 0 inlaid ) ivory1 & delicately pi]c$ panels 7 ins]t$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! comb4 ,9 "s in/ances a small mirror is f\nd in/ead ( a c>v$ panel2 especially is t ! case ) ! small] combs c>ri$ 9 a reticule or bag4 ,inscriptions 7 common1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ^? :i* brea!d ! s5tim5t on a boxwood comb 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* is inscrib$ 9 ,fr5*3 ,accept ) goodwill ?is little gift2 x is a pretty piece ( e>ly "w1 dat+ probably f ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4--,,?ree ,,old ,,scrat*backs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4--,,silv] ,,*atela9e ,,toilet ,,in/rum5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4--;,,ano!r ,,*atela9e ,,set4 ,pat* ,boxes4 ,! accessories ( ! toilet table--useful & ornam5tal--are _m4 ,x has ev] be5 s1 & 9 ! *ange go+ on _m odds & ends are left beh9d & become relics ( =m] practices4 ,p]haps among ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! curios are ! little boxes ( porcela91 enamell$ w>es1 & wood1 :i* 7 once us$ z pat* boxes1 & z receptacles = ! pigm5ts employ$ :5 gumm+ pat*es ^u ! *eeks & =ehead 0 ! height ( fa%ion1 & :5 pa9t+ ! face 0 ! rule r ?an ! exception4 ,x may be cont5d$ by "s t ^! my/]ies ( ! toilet are n unkn[n 9 ! pres5t day1 b z yet ! mod]n accessories ( ! toilet table d n come )9 ! k5 ( ! curio hunt]4 ,x 0 at ! ,c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xv ( ,france t ! practice ( gumm+ small pieces ( black taffeta on ! *eeks orig9at$1 ! pat*es soon aft]w>ds becom+ common 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,f simple circul> discs 7 evolv$ />s1 cresc5ts1 & o!r curi\s =ms2 !n1 z 9 s _m o!r in/ances1 extremes ( fa%ion br\ght ! practice into disrepute1 = s extravagant became ! /yle t ! coa* & horses pat* & o!rs z absurd came into fav\r4 ,! fam\s ,sam ,pepys record$ 9 8 ,di>y ! fir/ "t he saw 8 wife we>+ a black pat*2 app>5tly x caught 8 fancy1 = he wrote3 ,my wife seem$ v pretty to-day1 x be+ ! fir/ "t ,i _h giv5 h] lief to we> a black pat*4 ,incid5tally x may be not$ t ! fam\s ,pepys controll$ ev5 8 wife's toilet1 & t %e 0 ob$i5t to him ev5 9 ! my/]ies ( ! dress+ table6 ,enamell$ ,objects4 ,! receptacles = all ^! comp\nds v>i$2 "s 7 ( wood1 beautifully c>v$1 (t5 embelli%$ ) brass m\nt+s1 ! insides be+ l9$ ) silk1 & small mirrors 7 ins]t$ 9 ! lids4 ,! pretty tr9ket trays1 curi\sly col\r$ & decorat$1 boxes1 & little c&le/icks = my lady's table1 made ( ,batt]sea & o!r enamels1 7 mu* 9 fav\r a c5tury or m ago4 ,"s rem>kably *>m+ boxes are met ) /amp$ ) ! "n ( ,lille1 9 ,france1 :]e _m su* objects 7 made--! ,engli% enamels ( t p]iod are r>ely if ev] m>k$4 ,x w\ld appe> t v _m ( ^! little articles 7 ! gifts ( fri5ds or pur*as$ z s\v5irs ( ! comp>atively r>e visits to fa%ionable places ( resort4 ,_m ( ^? giv5 by fri5ds 7 *os5 because ( ! mottoes & emblems ) :i* !y 7 decorat$2 =1 l ! combs1 !y 7 made use ( to convey messages ( love & fri5d%ip4 ,we c well und]/& ! fe> t might arise le/ pat*es became loose & r5d]$ ! fair we>] ludicr\s2 h5ce ! little mirrors s (t5 f\nd )9 ! boxes1 :i* x may be m5tion$ 7 c>ri$ ab\t 9 ! pocket ready = use :5 opportunity s]v$4 ,_m ( ! old] specim5s are f\nd ) mirrors ( /eel :i*1 ow+ to exposure to damp1 h become v ru/y1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 h p]i%$ altoge!r4 ,o!rs ) silv]$ glass mirrors %[ spots1 & are mu* blurr$ f ! same cause4 ,! col\r+s ( enamels v>y2 9 "s ! gr\ndwork is :ite1 9 o!rs p9k or rose-col\r or blue4 ,little picture sc5es are v>i$ ) ! qua9t mottoes or s5tim5tal l9es s mu* 9 vogue !n4 ,! illu/rations giv5 9 ,fig4 #fc are typical ( ! *oic] decorations1 %[+ ! floral /yle z well z ! pictorial m9iature sc5es = :i* ! arti/s ( t "t 7 fam\s4 ,"s ( ! toilet sundries took ! =m ( sc5t bottles1 o!rs etui cases & boxes = toilet requisites1 includ+ manicure sets4 ,p]fume ,boxes & ,hold]s4 ,p]fume has always be5 associat$ ) ! requisites ( ! lady's toilet4 ,sweet-smell+ spices are ref]r$ to 9 biblical records1 & ev5 to-day ! (f]+ ( p]fume is a symbol ( hon\r to ! gue/ 9 ! ,ea/2 & "s v beautiful ,ori5tal sc5t spr9kl]s & spice boxes are n[ & !n met ) among ,ea/]n curios4 ,! long-neck$ rose-wat] spr9kl] is ! mo/ common =m1 supplem5t$ by betel-nut boxes & receptacles made by ,p]sian arti/s = ! fam\s att> ( roses4 ,sc5ts & sweet od\rs became fa%ionable 9 ,europe 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies2 articles ( clo?+ 7 sc5t$1 & !re 0 a pr(usion ( sc5t = ! hair & 9 mak+ ! toilet4 ,! pom&] box1 ! fav\rite p]fume hold] ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies ( ,engl&1 0 9 ! =m ( an apple1 ! p]fumes & spices be+ made up l a ball4 ,x is said t ! p]fume 0 prep>$ f a sixte5?-c5tury recipe1 ! basis ( :i* 0 sweet apples or apple pulp1 & sc5t$ gums & ess5ces4 ,f ! pom&] box small] receptacles 7 evolv$1 & m elaborately prep>$ sc5ts 7 kept 9 !m4 ,"s ( ! prep>ations consi/$ ( camphor1 m9t1 rosem>y1 & lav5d] 9 v9eg>1 a piece ( sponge be+ saturat$ ) ! liquid4 ,!n came ! use ( aromatic v9eg>1 & gradually beautiful little silv] v9aigrettes 7 introduc$4 ,_m ( !m 7 v ornam5tal 9 %ape1 highly decorat$ ) m9iatures & floreat$ embelli%m5t1 ! monogram or "n ( ! own] (t5 be+ add$4 ,9 ! out] case 0 usually a cov] ( p]=at$ gold :i* clos$ ov] a piece ( sponge1 ^u :i* aromatic v9eg> or "s simil> prep>ation 0 p\r$4 ,! be/ v9aigrettes are ^? be>+ ! hall-m>ks v>y+ f #ahjj to ab\t #ahdj1 :5 ! mak+ ( v9aigrettes decl9$ & o!r sc5ts took _! place4 ,! burn+ ( p]fumes 9 b$rooms & ! fumigation ( w>drobes & *e/s by means ( a fumador 0 a cu/om mu* resort$ to by ,portuguese ladies 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,sweet lav5d] is /ill us$ 9 ! l95 cupbo>d1 al?\gh its use 0 mu* m g5]al 9 ! days :5 ,london /reet cries 7 he>d4 ,dress+ ,cases4 ,:5 p travel & visit _! fri5ds _! luggage includes among o!r ?+s a dress+ case1 = !re are _m toilet requisites :i* are ( a p]sonal "*1 & _c well be sub/itut$ by o!rs4 ,x is true t ! ne$ ( portable dress+ cases has increas$ ( late ye>s ow+ to great] travell+ abroad4 ,dress+ cases1 h[ev]1 are by no means mod]n1 = "s v beautiful examples ) silv]-topp$ bottles1 hall-m>k$ 9 ! days ( ,que5 ,anne1 are among ! collectable curios4 ,!re is a /ill old] example 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum--a case ( tortoise%ell1 fill$ ) a complete toilet set1 consi/+ ( f\r combs & ?irte5 toilet in/rum5ts1 p>tly ( /eel & p>tly ( silv]4 ,x is an hi/oric case1 hav+ be5 pres5t$ by ,*>les ,,ii to a ,mr4 ,t4 ,campl&1 :o is said to h at "o "t %elt]$ him4 ,_m old families h int]e/+ & valuable examples1 & n infrequ5tly isolat$ cut-glass bottles ) ,georgian hall-m>k$ silv] tops :i* h =m$ "p ( ! equipm5t ( dress+ cases are met )4 ,scrat*backs4 ,old ,engli% scrat*backs are among ! r>ities ( ! curios associat$ ) ! toilet table4 ,x is unnecess>y to comm5t ^u ! habits & cu/oms ( ^? p]iods :5 scrat*backs 7 f\nd necess>y1 or to ref] to ! hygi5ic conditions ( ! toilet !n conspicu\s by _! abs5ce4 ,x is suffici5t to allude to ^! curi\s little in/rum5ts1 mo/ly %ap$ l a h&1 (t5 ( ivory1 & always fitt$ ) a h&le 9 l5g? f #ab to #ae 94 ,! h& 9 "s cases is l>ge 9 proportion1 measur+ z mu* z #b #a_/b 94 9 l5g?1 sometimes z an op5 h&1 at o!rs ) ! f+]s clos$1 (t5 v beautifully modell$4 ,horn & :alebone 7 fav\rite mat]ials = ! h&le1 al?\gh "s 7 ( ebony & o!r woods4 ,scrat*backs appe> to h be5 made bo? 9 lefts & rights 9 ?is c\ntry2 b ! scrat*backs ( ! ,f> ,ea/ 7 inv>iably rights4 ,! accompany+ illu/rations1 ,fig4 #fe1 %[ ! usual types ( ^! n[ obsolete toilet requisites1 :i* x may be not$ 7 sometimes duplicat$ by m9iature scrat*backs c>ri$ ab\t on ! p]son1 hung f ! girdle4 ,toilet ,*atela9es4 ,! *atela9es worn by ! ladies ( old5 "t 7 bulky1 & ! v>i\s objects deem$ necess>y to c>ry ab\t ! p]son r5d]$ !m cumb]some 9 ! extreme4 ,a bun* ( keys 0 always 9 evid5ce1 & a glance at a few old keys indicates h[ l>ge ! keys ( ev5 q small boxes 7 9 old5 "t4 ,!re 7 ! keys ( ! /ore cupbo>d1 ( ! l95 *e/1 & ( ! l>d] & ! w9e cell>4 ,draw]s & cupbo>ds & boxes1 z well z ! bureau or desk1 7 always lock$1 & to deliv] up ! keys 0 inde$ to surr5d] "o ( ! privileges ( ! matron & h\sewife :i* 7 jeal\sly gu>d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4--;,,f9e ,,ori5tal ,,lacqu]$ ,,box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4--,,small ,,lacqu] ,,cab9et4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4--;,a ,,pagoda-,,%ap$ ,,casket4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4--;,,decorat$ ,,jewel ,,case4 ,!re 7 articles ( toilet use1 too1 worn at ! girdle4 ,x is record$ t ,que5 ,elizabe? c>ri$ h] e>pick ( gold ornam5t$ ) pe>ls & diamonds4 ,! little set1 :i* 0 worn at a lady's *atela9e 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #ff1 consi/s ( too?pick1 e>pick1 & tongue scrap] ( silv]1 :]eas ! set illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #fg includes tweez]s1 a nail knife1 & o!r in/rum5ts4 ,!re are "s *>m+ manicure sets extant1 z well z isolat$ nail files ( ivory & /eel1 & curi\s little in/rum5ts = simple surgical op]ations1 su* z /rong-n]v$ ladies 7 n av]se to p]=m 9 ! good old days4 ,locks ( ,hair4 ,al?\gh long s9ce sep>at$ f toilet op]ations1 m5tion ( locks ( hair s c>efully pres]v$ may n inappropriately be made "h4 ,_m ( ^! are associat$ ) happy memories ( *ildhood1 o!rs ( m sadd5$ recollections4 ,x has be5 a common practice to pres]ve locks ( hair ( dep>t$ fri5ds & relatives4 ,9 =m] days ^! locks ( hair 7 (t5 enclos$ 9 lockets1 "s ( :i* 7 v l>ge4 ,! simple lock did n always satisfy1 = !re are _m arti/ic plaits & beautifully =m$ sprays1 imitat+ fea!rs & ev5 fl[]s1 :i* 7 9 ye>s gone by cunn+ly int]wov5 & arti/ically arrang$ on c>dbo>d pres]v$ by glass1 (t5 9 gold5 lockets & frames4 ,"s p]sons h made q important collections1 "o ( ! mo/ not$ be+ t ( ,m5elik ,,ii1 ! ,abyss9ian k+1 :o possess$ upw>ds ( two ?\s& locks1 v>y+ f light to d>k1 & f f9e to co>se1 ea* lock be+ labell$ ) ! date & p>ticul>s ( its acquisition4 ,x w\ld be well p]haps n to ent] too closely into ! s\rce ( "s ( ^! specim5s1 :i* _h peculi> int]e/ to ! dusky k+4 ,x is said t "s ( !m 7 *iefly admir$ = _! sett+s1 :i* includ$ m\nt+ ) r>e em]alds4 ,! collection ( em]alds1 ( :i* he _h "s ( m>vell\s beauty & lu/re1 0 ano!r ( t mon>*'s hobbies4 ,jewel ,cab9ets4 ,9 association ) ! toilet table are ! num]\s boxes :i* h be5 made z receptacles = jewels4 ,f ! days :5 ! d[] *e/ conta9$ a small comp>tm5t = valuable tr9kets ! furniture ( ! lady's b\doir has be5 incomplete )\t a jewel box or "s article ( furniture :]e ! knick-knacks ( ! home c\ld be kept1 & m especially ! we>able jewell]y4 ,! ,*9ese & ,japanese h ev] be5 clev] 9 ! fa%ion+ ( small cab9ets1 & _m delightful little boxes1 cab9ets1 & jewell]y receptacles h be5 br\ght ov] to ?is c\ntry4 ,"s ( ! old lacqu] w>e is exceptionally int]e/+1 ! decorations ^u su* pieces be+ d\bly s :5 ! leg5ds !y depict are fully realiz$ & und]/ood4 ,! accompany+ illu/rations repres5t f\r ,japanese jewel cases :i* are exceptionally f9e curios4 ,fig4 #gj is decorat$ on ! outside ( ! doors ) a view ( ,itsuku%ima2 & !re are two peacocks on ! top1 & ! two eld]s ( ,takasago are depict$ on ! back4 ,! bamboo & ! plum are designs symbolical ( longevity4 ,?is truly exceptional piece 0 sold 9 ! auction rooms ( ,gl5d9+ ,co41 :o also dispos$ ( ! rem>kable jewel box %ap$ z a pagoda1 illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ga1 a v beautiful piece elaborately decorat$ ) birds & l&scapes1 & ! box illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #fh & small cab9et1 ,fig4 #fi4 ,x ,,! ,,old ,,workbox ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,old ,,workbox ,sp9n+ :eels--,mat]ials & "w--,little accessories--,cutl]y--,qua9t woodwork--,! ne$lewoman--,old sampl]s4 ,"u ! g5]ic t]m ( workbox ! curios ( ! h\sehold associat$ ) ! indu/rial h&iwork ( =m] days may well be review$4 ,!re is no record ( :5 receptacles = ladies' "w 7 fir/ introduc$1 al?\gh1 no d\bt1 9 v e>ly days small oak boxes1 c>v$1 & be>+ ! own]'s initials1 & o!r indications ( own]%ip1 w\ld be ! *os5 receptacles = ! num]\s oddm5ts :i* are requir$ 9 ! practice & pursuit ( e home h&icraft1 & especially ^? connect$ ) ply+ ! ne$le4 ,!re 0 a "t1 h[ev]1 :5 ! fabrics us$ 9 ! mak+ up ( clo?+ 7 home-made1 :5 ! seam/ress & ! ne$lework] /it*$ & embroid]$ ^u clo?s spun if n actually wov5 by ! h\sewife & h] h&maid5s4 ,9 ! b>r[s conta9+ rema9s ( p ( ! ,/one ,age1 & ! peoples ( ! e>ly ,bronze ,age1 among ! few ornam5ts & p]sonal adornm5ts buri$ ) !m 7 sp9n+ :orls--! curiosities :i* rema9 to u ( ! e>lie/ kn[n =m ( textile craftsman%ip4 ,sp9n+ ,:eels4 ,9 old pictures & woodblock engrav+s "s curi\s illu/rations are met ) %[+ ,engli%wom5 us+ ! di/aff4 ,/4 ,di/aff's ,day 0 =m]ly ! #g? ( ,janu>y1 = x 0 !n t ! wom5 resum$ "w aft] ! ,*ri/mas fe/ivities 7 ov]4 ,! di/aff & ! sp9dle belong$ to an age little und]/ood n[1 & ! occupations ( ! wom5 ( t date are almo/ =gott54 ,! sp9n+ :eel 0 ! outcome ( ! simpl] di/aff & sp9dle1 & al?\gh ! sp9n+ :eels we f9d among ! mo/ int]e/+ ( h\sehold relics look primitive inde$ comp>$ ) ! complex ma*9]y se5 9 ! sp9n+ mills to-day1 ^? dat+ f ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies mu/ h be5 consid]$ +5i\s contrivances :5 comp>$ ) ! old] models1 j z ! late/ types ( sew+ ma*9es %[ a wond]ful advance f ! e>ly ma*9es inv5t$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,v clev] inde$ 7 _m wom5 9 manipulat+ ! sp9n+ :eel1 & !re seems to h be5 "s competitive conte/s = notoriety among c\ntry wom51 :o f\nd a pleas+ ?\gh p]haps at times t$i\s occupation 9 sp9n+ ! wool = ! local weav] :o wove ! home-made clo?4 ,x is record$ t 9 #agde a woman at ,ea/ ,d]eham spun a s+le p\nd ( wool into a ?read ( #hd1jjj y>ds4 ,%e 0 f> outdi/anc$1 h[ev]1 a few ye>s lat]1 :5 a "y lady at ,norwi* out ( a p\nd ( comb$ wool produc$ a ?read comput$ to measure #afh1jjj y>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4--,,old ,,sp9n+ ,,:eel4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,phillips1 ( ! ,manor ,h\se1 ,hit*947 ,to secure a f9e sp9n+ :eel is ! ambition ( collectors1 & _m ladies po9t ) pride to ! old relic plac$ 9 a position ( hon\r on an oak *e/ ( draw]s1 or1 p]haps1 /&+ on a c(f] 9 ! hall4 ,an exceptionally f9e :eel is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gb2 x is "o ( _m secur$ by ,mr4 ,phillips1 ( ! ,manor ,h\se1 ,hit*94 ,ano!r illu/ration is tak5 f a sket* ( a sp9n+ :eel 9 ! ,hull ,museum 7see ,fig4 #gc74 ,x appe>s t e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ,hull enc\rag$ ! tra9+ ( dome/ic sp9n]s1 & at t "t support$ a sp9n+ s*ool4 ,apropos ( t in/itution ref]5ce may appropriately be made to ,hadley's ,hi/ory ( ,hull1 9 :i* ! hi/orian1 9 ref]5ce to ,sunday ,s*ools1 :i* _h !n q rec5tly be5 f\nd$1 says3 ,f ! ,sunday ,s*ool reports = ?is ye> #aghh x seems !y did n take4 ,to :atev] cause ?is may be attribut$1 x by no means w>rants ! asp]sions ?r[n ^u ! t[n on t acc\nt1 :i* has ) equal ard\r & wisdom esp\s$ t useful e/abli%m5t ( ,sp9n+ ,s*ools1 9 pref]5ce to a prepo/]\s in/itution replete ) folly1 intol]ance1 fanaticism1 & mis*ief4 ,9 explanation x has be5 rem>k$ t1 ,evid5tly :eels 7 pl5tiful 9 ,hull & ,sunday ,s*ools a novelty4 ,to-day we c rev]se ! /atem5t1 = s*ools are pl5tiful b sp9n+ :eels are r>e6 ,collectors eag]ly secure any?+ 9 ! way ( a g5u9e antique :eel1 al?\gh ! fa/idi\s h ! *oice ( two di/9ct types--^? work$ by h& & ^? op]at$ by a treadle4 ,sometimes a sp9n+ :eel made = ! foot c\ld be work$ indep5d5tly by ! h&1 j 9 ! same way z mod]n sew+ ma*9es are made = h& or treadle1 & sometimes a comb9ation ( bo? me?ods4 ,! v g5]al use ( ! sp9n+ :eel is acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ?is useful ma*9e 0 met ) 9 e cottage 9 ! days :5 homespun y>ns & wools 7 prep>$ by h&1 & !y 7 also f\nd 9 ! mansion & ! palace1 :]e !y s]v$ to amuse ! ladies ( ! h\sehold4 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( sp9n+ :eels1 among !m ! old oak sp9n+ :eels us$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 & ! m decorative us$ until q late 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 f _! ornam5t & lightness1 app>5tly us$ m = prep>+ ! mat]ial = fancy "w r ?an = really utilit>ian purposes4 ,"s highly decorative sp9n+ :eels inlaid ) "m-o'-pe>l & ivory h be5 br\ght ov] to ?is c\ntry f ,holl& & o!r cont95tal c\ntries1 p]haps ! mo/ decorative be+ ^? made by ,fr5* workm5 9 ! ,*9ese /yle1 ! wood be+ lacqu]$ blue & ornam5t$ ) gilt4 ,mr4 ,john ,suddaby1 :o pres5t$ ! sp9n+ :eel we h illu/rat$ to ! ,hull ,wilb]=ce ,museum1 nam$ aft] ,william ,wilb]=ce1 paid a high tribute to ! fam\s philan?ropi/1 :o he decl>$ to be associat$ ) ! sp9n+ s*ools ( ! t[n4 ,! old :eels ( e>ly date 7 gradually improv$ until !y 7 r5d]$ obsolete by ! great] inv5tions ( ma*9es :i* c\ld be work$ by /eam eng9es1 ?us orig9at+ ! factory sy/em ( textile production4 ,among ! sundry curios associat$ ) ! sp9n+ :eel are h&somely c>v$ wood di/affs ( boxwood1 curi\sly turn$ sp9dles2 & n[ & !n a pewt] vessel ( circul> =m1 puzzl+ 9 its id5tity1 turns out to be ! rim cup f ! di/aff ( an old sp9n+ :eel4 ,mat]ials & ,"w4 ,old workboxes appe> to be v num]\s4 ,! old] ones 7 mo/ly ( wood1 b ! ext]nal decoration seems to h be5 a matt] ( ta/e1 "s pref]r+ inlays4 ,9 e>ly days m\ld$ pla/] ornam5t1 ri*ly gild$ & col\r$1 0 mu* fav\r$1 & 9 /ill e>li] times deep relief c>v+s 9 ! oak ( :i* ! boxes 7 made4 ,9 ! ,/u>t & lat] p]iods ladies work$ ! ext]ior ornam5t 9 silks & sat9s & embroid]y4 ,among ! workboxes 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum !re is a pa9t$ box 9 di/emp] & gild+1 ! subject *os5 = ! ornam5tation ( ! lid be+ ! /ory ( ,david & ,ba?%eba1 r\nd ! sides be+ floral devices4 ,?is decorative workbox has draw]s & comp>tm5ts1 a slid+ front facilitat+ _! use4 ,9 ! same collection !re are workboxes ov]laid ) /raw "w 9 geometrical patt]ns reliev$ by col\r4 ,/raw-"w decoration 0 mu* fav\r$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 its orig9 be+ traceable to ! ,fr5* milit>y prison]s 9 ?is c\ntry dur+ ! ,napoleonic w>s betwe5 ! ye>s #agig & #ahad1 :5 _m (fic]s & m5 7 deta9$ at ,por*e/] ,ca/le1 ne> ,portsm\?1 & at ,norman ,cross1 ne> ,pet]bor\gh4 ,! grasses1 ( :i* ! boxes 7 cov]$1 7 collect$ & dri$ by ! prison]s1 :o obta9$ ! diff]5t %ades & t9ts :i* r5d] ?is class ( "w s effective by /eep+ !m 9 infusions ( tea1 accord+ to a note by ,dr4 ,/rong1 :o visit$ ! b>racks at ,norman ,cross4 ,! workboxes1 s ri* 9 gild+ & relief1 came f ,italy1 :51 z e>ly z ! ye> #adjj1 caskets 7 cov]$ ) a species ( lime :i* 0 m\ld$1 ! gesso1 z x 0 call$1 on a gilt gr\nd ( :ite compo1 giv+ x a v ri* effect4 ,lea!r 0 us$ ) good effect1 too1 = ! ornam5tation ( workboxes1 r$ morocco be+ mu* fav\r$ 9 ,engl& e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,fig4 #gf illu/rates ?ree v beautiful little fitt$ boxes ) inlaid ornam5t & /raw "w4 ,little ,accessories4 ,! cont5ts ( an old workbox are _m & v>i$4 ,among ! odds & ends x is no uncommon ?+ to f9d relics ( lace-mak+1 by :i* s _m cottag]s h be5 able to ma9ta9 !mselves = g5]ations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--,,sp9n+ ,,:eel4 7,9 ! ,hull ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4--,,old ,,lace ,,bobb9s4 7a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 & f1 read+ f left to "r47 ,!re is some?+ v rem>kable ab\t ! manufacture ( pill[ lace1 9 t x is c>ri$ on 9 ! villages ( ,buck+ham%ire j z x 0 two or m c5turies ago1 & ! pill[ & ! bobb9s are almo/ id5tical 9 =m & design--inde$1 ! patt]ns ( ! lace h *ang$ little1 = ! work]s cl+ t5aci\sly to ! old designs1 ,flemi% 9 _! *>act]i/ics1 j z !y d to ! old bobb9s4 ,"s ( ^! little spools or bobb9s h be5 h&$ d[n f "m to daught] z heirlooms1 & _m ( !m c>ry a romantic /ory1 if x 7 b kn[n4 ,j z ! ,wel% lovespoons & ! ,sund]l& glass roll+-p9s 7 giv5 z love tok5s1 _m ( ^! bobb9s are ! result ( pati5t lab\r1 _! decoration hav+ (t5 be5 ! "w ( days2 ivory1 bone1 wood1 & metal be+ cut & %ap$1 gild$ & /a9$1 9 ord] to provide ! fav\r$ "o ) a bobb9 unlike any o!r & q di/9ctive 9 design4 ,9 ! mak+ ( pill[ lace1 p9s1 clev]ly plac$ s z to =m ! patt]n1 7 ins]t$ into ! cu%ion1 & ! ?reads on a doz5 or m bobb9s deftly twi/$ 9 & out & ti$ r\nd ! p9s4 ,! glass beads1 _m ( ! old] ones ( odd %apes & col\rs1 h&-made1 made ! fir/ di/9ction1 & _! weight help$ to keep ! light turn$ wood bobb9s 9 place4 ,x 0 ! bobb9s :i* 7 ornam5tal1 & "s ( ! old] ones--^? made 9 ! eighte5? c5tury--are v decorative1 & n[ mu* s\ght aft] by collectors4 ,^? illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #gd h be5 select$ f a l>ge collection = _! repres5tative types3 7,a7 is ! olde/2 ! ornam5t is ( pewt] let into ! wood1 x has a v small spool2 7,b7 is ivory1 ! incis$ p>ts /a9$ gre52 7,c7 is bone1 ! incis$ patt]n fill$ 9 ) gold beat5 into a ?9 plate2 7,d7 is also ( bone ) a b& ( brass & col\r$ inlays2 7,e7 walnut wood1 turn$ 9 ! deep grooves are six loose silv] r+s1 "s ( ! heads are ( brass gilt2 7,f7 ! mo/ mod]n type1 su* z may be se5 9 use 9 ,buck+ham%ire to-day1 ! pres5t revival ( ! h&-made lace indu/ry be+ due to ! ef=ts ( ! ,nor? ,bucks ,lace ,association4 ,( su* h&work ,c[p] wrote3-- ,yon cottag] :o weaves at h] own door1 ,pill[ & bobb9s all h] little /ore3 ,cont5t1 ?\gh mean1 & *e]ful1 if n gay1 ,%uff]+ h] ?reads ab\t ! livelong day4 ,! lace-mak]1 & ! h\sewife :o occupi$ h] leisure mom5ts 9 lace-mak+1 left beh9d _m collectable curios4 ,! work] ( sampl]s & ^? advanc$ 9 ! high] arts ( ne$lecraft _h also _! little "w necess>ies4 ,v clev] inde$ 7 ! work]s ( silk-embroid]$ pictures1 & ! in/rum5ts !y us$ 7 f9e & delicate1 diff]5t inde$ f ! co>s] ne$les ( ! knitt] & ! me%es ( ! nett]4 ,9 lat] ye>s ! workbox became m sub/antial1 & less att5tion 0 giv5 to ! ext]ior1 = ! int]ior fitt+s ( ! workbox became beautiful1 & a weal? ( art 0 %[n 9 ! c>v+ ( ! ivory accessories1 & ! pe>l tops ( ! ?read & silk reels & w9d]s & ! curi\s little wax hold]s4 ,!re 7 clev]ly contriv$ measur+ tapes1 & beautiful little baskets ( ivory & wood1 "s fill$ ) em]y1 o!rs s]v+ ! purpose ( receptacles = p9s & ne$les4 ,f ^! evolv$ ! ne$lebooks & ! m mod]n companions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4--,,old ,,p9 ,,poppets ,,& ,,anci5t ,,p9s4 ,9 ,fig4 #gg are %[n sev]al beautiful oddm5ts tak5 out ( an old workbox2 !y are all made ( ivory1 c>v$ & frett$ 9 su* delicate trac]y t x is a wond] t !y h surviv$ = a c5tury or m )\t injury4 ,ivory "w hold]s1 9 :i* ladies roll$ _! ne$lework :5 !y w5t out to tea1 7 (t5 beautifully c>v$2 !y1 too1 are *>m+ additions to ivory workbox fitt+s4 ,cutl]y4 ,! cutl] has contribut$ to ! curios ( ! workbox4 ,! knives & scissors1 bodk9s1 & /ilettos f an old workbox look /rangely out ( date :5 comp>$ ) ^? b\ght 9 ! %ops to-day4 ,! *ief ?+ t is s noticeable to ! critical obs]v] is ! cutt+ ( ! /eel & ! h& ornam5tation ( ^? days4 ,"s ( ! embroid]y scissors 7 engrav$ all ov] ) fancy patt]ns1 & !re are "s rem>kably qua9t button-hole scissors1 on :i* ! own]'s "n or initials 7 (t5 engrav$4 ,"s "t ago an old lady made a small collection ( ?imbles4 ,x 0 n a v exp5sive hobby1 b ! v>iety %e secur$ 0 truly rem>kable4 ,!re 7 ?imbles ( bone1 ivory1 /eel1 brass1 enamel1 silv]1 & ev5 gold4 ,"s 7 *as$ & engrav$1 "s /amp$ & pun*$4 ,!re 7 ?imbles ( huge size & o!rs ) op5 ends1 ! same t sailors use4 ,x is said t ! ?imble dates back to #afhd1 :5 "o ,ni*olas ,b5s*ot51 ( ,am/]dam1 s5t "o z a pres5t to a lady fri5d ) ! d$icatory inscription3 ,to ,my fr\w van ,r5scle> ?is little object :i* ,i h inv5t$ & execut$ z a protective cov]+ = h] indu/ri\s f+]s4 ,x is said ! "n 9 ?is c\ntry 0 orig9ally ?umb-bell1 s call$ because ( ! %ape be+ ( bell-l =m4 ,( ! ?imbles ( ! weal?y x is record$ !re are ?imbles ( onyx1 "m-o'-pe>l1 & ( gold1 encru/$ ) rubies & diamonds--! seam/ress has1 h[ev]1 to be cont5t ) useful if less co/ly baubles4 ,qua9t ,woodwork4 ,by way ( contra/ ! outfit ( ! work] (t5 includes wood5 ne$les & occasionally ut5sils made ( wood1 b cov]$ ) evid5ces ( love & t5d] reg>d = ^? :o 7 de/9$ to use !m4 ,! knitt] seems to h be5 peculi>ly =tunate1 = knitt+ /icks & %ea?s af=d$ ! amateur c>v] ample opportunities ( %[+ 8 skill2 &1 l ! c>v$ lovespoons1 ( :i* !re is su* a fam\s collection 9 ! ,c>diff ,museum1 ! knitt+ %ea?s & /icks seem to indicate t 9 a simil> way ! amor\s swa9 gave v5t to 8 feel+s 9 ! curi\s designs1 mottoes1 & names :i* he c>v$ ^u knitt+ /icks & k9dr$ objects us$ by ! lady ( 8 *oice4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum !re are "s beautiful boxwood ne$le /icks2 "o example is clev]ly c>v$ ) emblems ( ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity4 ,ano!r beautiful ne$le /ick 9 ! same collection is m\nt$ ) silv]4 ,on "s ( ! woodwork us$ = simil> purposes !re are clev]ly design$ pictures1 & ^! 7 n always associat$ ) private use1 = ! clo?work]s 9 _m di/ricts us$ q fanciful tools1 especially 9 ! villages1 :]e "t 0 ( small mom5t1 & ! long w9t] ev5+s c\ld be occupi$ ) cutt+ & c>v+ ! h&les & framework ( ! tools :i* 9 ev]yday practice s]v$ su* a useful & (t5 wage-e>n+ purpose4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum !re is a rem>kable clo?-measure made ( walnut1 be>+ date #agde1 ?ree-sid$1 "o be+ cov]$ ov] ) lett]s ( ! alphabet cut 9 deep relief1 ?us s]v+ a useful purpose 9 ! home or z an educational /&>d4 ,on ! second side !re are clev]ly design$ pa/oral & hunt+ sc5es1 & on ! ?ird ! arms ( ! ,swiss cantons4 ,o!r portions ( ! measure illu/rate ! implem5ts & tools us$ by clo?work]s at t p]iod4 ,switz]l& has long be5 fam\s = its wood c>v+1 & _m ( ! curios f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry h come f ! ,swiss m\nta9 villages4 ,no d\bt "s ( our read]s h come across ! old p9 poppets :i* boys & girls c>ri$ ) !m to ! village s*ool half a c5tury or m ago4 ,! girls fill$ !m ) p9s & ne$les1 bodk9 & /iletto1 & ! boys ) p5cils & p5s4 ,9 ,fig4 #ge two curi\s old p9 boxes are illu/rat$4 ,! p9s %[n on ! same page are1 h[ev]1 ( mu* old] date2 !y are1 9 fact1 m]ely ?orns2 ^! int]e/+ & au!ntic relics ( ! common objects ( ! home1 or p]haps m correctly describ$1 ( dress1 are to be se5 9 ! ,national ,collection ( ,wales at ,c>diff1 ! measur+ /ick %[n 9 ! photograph giv+ _! size4 ,! p9 poppet1 z its "n d5otes1 01 h[ev]1 int5d$ orig9ally = ! requirem5ts ( ! e>ly ne$lework] :o at ! dames' s*ool won r5[n 9 ^? great a*ievem5ts--! sampl]s ( old4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 d n exhau/ ! wood-c>v+ curios ( ! workbox1 b !y may s]ve to rem9d collectors ( :at !y may hope to discov] 9 _! hunt = h\sehold curios4 ,! ,ne$lewoman4 ,! curiosities mu* priz$ to-day1 ! "w ( ! ne$lewoman1 or ^? :o pli$ ! ne$le *iefly = purposes ( amusem5t or to give pleasure to ^? on :om !y be/[$ ! products ( _! skill1 are met ) 9 _m di/9ct =ms4 ,?is is n a "w on ne$lework1 or we might tell ( ! v>i\s /it*es :i* are indicative ( c]ta9 p]iods4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 admissible to m5tion "s ( ! h\sehold curios1 ! product ( su* pati5t lab\r appli$ to ! skilful manipulation ( silks & ?reads & cottons & wools1 ( all col\rs & sub/ances1 embroid]$ or work$ on canvas or o!r fabric4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4--,,?ree ,,old ,,workboxes4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,phillips1 ( ,hit*947 ,! mi/resses ( ! old ,engli% homes 7 v indu/ri\s4 ,!y work$ crewel b$ hang+s & cross-/it* & t5t-/it* uphol/]y 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & 9 /ill e>li] times ri*ly ornam5t$ l95s & o!r fabrics ) fl[]s & scriptural subjects4 ,writ+ 9 ref]5ce to ,que5 ,m>y1 ! wife ( ,william ,,iii1 ,sir ,*>les ,s$ley said3-- ,:5 %e rode 9 coa* abroad ,%e 0 always knott+ ?read4 ,& h] example 0 foll[$ by _m 9 humbl] circum/ances4 ,9 lat] ye>s wom5 h wr\ght ne$lework & beadwork pictures1 & h ev5 ?read$ _! ne$les ) human hair :5 no silk c\ld be f\nd f9e en\gh4 ,( ! p]man5t ornam5ts ( ! home--n[ valu$ curios--!re are cases =m]ly us$ on a lady's toilet table1 embroid]$ ) floss silk & frequ5tly dat$4 ,"s 7 made to hold devotional books1 o!rs 7 portable boxes1 ! cov]s ( :i* 7 work$ on :ite sat9 ) col\r$ silks & beads1 (t5times scriptural sc5es be+ depict$ 9 silk2 "o v fav\rite sc5e 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 ! visit ( ! ,que5 ( ,%eba to ,solomon4 ,_m beautifully embroid]$ tr9ket boxes record ! pati5ce ) :i* !y 7 work$1 & 7 und\bt$ly a lab\r ( love4 ,among ! small] objects1 gifts f fri5d to fri5d1 7 p9cu%ions1 "s ( :i* be> dates 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,^! 7 work$ 9 col\r$ silks on canvas1 ! ornam5t (t5 tak+ ! =m ( a fruit or fl[] basket1 birds & insects4 ,! fav\rite mat]ial & col\r = ! back ( su* p9cu%ions 0 yell[ sat94 ,a r pleas+ v>iety consi/$ ( bag & p9cu%ion work$ to mat*1 ! two be+ unit$ by a cord ( plait$ silk4 ,( purses !re 7 _m v>ieties1 *iefly made ( co>se canvas work$ 9 cross & t5t /it*es ) col\r$ silks & silv] ?reads1 c\*$ or laid ov] silv] ?read1 & !n /it*$ to ! canvas conceal+ x4 ,!re are also m9iature p9cu%ions work$ 9 silk l ! old sampl]s & brocade pocket books1 "s ( :i* 7 wov5 9 ,france 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,!re are also holdalls & ne$le cases 9 embroid]y & cross /it*4 ,! fav\rite col\rs work$ by ,engli% ladies 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 7 p9k1 orange1 & light gre54 ,on ^! 7 (t5 work$ mottoes & rhyme4 ,"o w s]ve z a sample3-- ,:5 ,judah's daught]s captive l$ ,behold _! mighty k+s subdu$4 ,loyal mottoes 7 frequ5tly work$1 especially dur+ ! days :5 ! ,pret5d]s 7 c>ry+ on _! hopeless campaign4 ,!re is a subtle rem9d] ( ! desire to make kn[n loyal feel+s1 int]mix$ ) prud5ce 9 conceal+ !m1 9 ! qua9t embroid]$ g>t] 9 ! ,briti% ,museum :i* is inscrib$ ,,god ,,bless ,p4,c4 ,to smok]s 7 giv5 embroid]$ tobacco p\*es 9 gre51 p9k1 & silv]2 "o *>m+ old beadwork tobacco p\* 9 ,taunton ,ca/le is embroid]$ ,,love ,,me ,,= ,i ,,am ,,?9e1 #afca4 ,!re 7 necklaces & bracelets ( ne$lework1 & "s ( col\r$ glass beads1 z well z ! long wat*gu>ds worn r\nd ! neck1 *iefly ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4--,,old ,,workbox ,,fitt+s4 7,9 ! ,au?or's collection47 ,old ,sampl]s4 ,old sampl]s may well be reg>d$ z educational1 belong+ to ! s*oolroom z well z to ! workbox4 ,!y 7 int5d$ to tea* ne$lework1 & s]v$ z rem9d]s ( alphabets1 sums1 & mapp+4 ,_m work$ 9 silk on yell[ l95 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 7 q elaborate pieces ( ne$lework4 ,^? ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 *iefly ( l951 7 mu* crud] & simpl] 9 design4 ,dur+ ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury sampl]s 7 mo/ly work$ on canvas or sampl] clo?1 a mat]ial :i* 0 us$ almo/ z long z sampl]s 7 9 fa%ion4 ,diff]5t /it*es 7 employ$2 !re 0 ! e>ly drawn & cut "w1 & !n ! silk embroid]y %[+ ! girl's acquirem5t ( ! d>n+ /it*4 ,"s e>ly tape/ry maps are numb]$ among ! educational curios 9 :i* sampl]s are s prom95t4 ,! ,york%ire ,philosophical ,society own two unique specim5s ( sixte5?-c5tury tape/ry1 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,horace ,walpole4 ,!y measure ab\t #af ft4 by #ab ft41 ! sections includ+ ,h]e=d%ire1 ,%rop%ire1 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 ,ox=d%ire1 & a "p ( ,b]k%ire4 ,^! rem>kable maps are vividly col\r$ & %[ excell5t pictorial sc5es indicat+ villages1 p>ks1 & c\ntry seats4 ,su* maps are r>e1 b n[ & !n really int]e/+ examples ( ne$lework mapp+ are met )4 ,collectors keep an eye on pres]vation1 b !y are ke5 on dat$ specim5s1 & ^? ) ornate & qua9tly picturesque bord]s4 ,! condition adds to ! beauty1 b n always to ! value1 = _m ( ! old] & less well-pres]v$ sampl]s are n[ becom+ sc>ce4 ,!y h be5 reta9$ by ^? :o h no int]e/ 9 antiques because !y bore ! "n ( "s fair ance/ress :o liv$ & work$ on h] sampl] m ?an a c5tury ago1 leav+ x beh9d z a memorial ( h] skill 9 ! use ( a ne$le = future g5]ations to admire4 ,h[ _m ladies ( ! tw5tie? c5tury are prep>+ p]man5t records ( _! skill 9 ne$lework = ^? :o are to come to h& on to g5]ations unborn8 is a "q "s may l to pond]4 ,,xi ,,! ,,libr>y ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,libr>y ,f cov] to cov]--,old scrap books--,almanacs--,! writ+ table4 ,! libr>y is usually :]e ! ma/] ( ! h\se conducts 8 bus9ess correspond5ce &1 if a /ud5t1 sp5ds mu* ( 8 "t among 8 fav\rite books1 or1 p]*ance1 engages 9 lit]>y "w4 ,9 days gone by1 :5 !re 7 few] opportunities ( visit+ public libr>ies1 & :5 circulat+ libr>ies 7 few & f> betwe51 ! man ( lett]s accumulat$ ar\nd him /&>d works & anci5t tomes1 possibly seldom read4 ,:5 su* a libr>y1 p]haps sc>cely exam9$ = a c5tury or m1 comes to be disp]s$1 x (t5 happ5s t curiosities are br\ght to light4 ,! furniture ( ! libr>y is full ( int]e/1 = a qua9t writ+ table1 bureau1 or desk full ( oddm5ts is an exce$+ly prolific field ( rese>*4 ,9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs a few ( ^! curiosities are ref]r$ to2 !re are o!rs1 h[ev]1 t ! collector w discov]1 possibly "o ( ! sc>c] curios ( ! libr>y1 "s ( :i* realize unexpect$ly high prices :5 !y are br\ght "u ! hamm]4 ,f ,cov] to ,cov]4 ,! books :i* con/itute ! libr>y are (t5 curi\s1 & !re is mu* t receives its monet>y value on acc\nt ( its antiquity & r>ity4 ,an old libr>y w frequ5tly include black-lett] pr9t+ & old volumes illu/rat$ ) wood blocks1 &1 p]*ance1 illum9at$ initial lett]s4 ,"s ( ! volumes may be pr9t$ on vellum1 & !re may be "s 9 manuscript4 ,! b9d+s ( pres5tation books may be ( ri* calf & tool$ 9 gold2 "s may ev5 h edge pa9t+s & *oice h&-pa9t$ illum9ations4 ,! subject-matt] ( ! volumes (t5 gives rise to speciali/ic collections4 ,"s w f9d amusem5t 9 trac+ ! progress ( a great indu/ry ?r\gh publi%$ in=mation1 l ^? curi\s old "t tables 9 ! e>ly days ( railways1 & ! pamphlets :i* are class$ by ! collector z ,railroadia1 & f !m le>n ! /ory ( ! iron horse4 ,!re are o!rs :o collect books & pr9ts relat+ to balloon+1 ! microscope1 & _m ( ! e>li] sci5ces4 ,!re are topographical curiosities & hi/orical m>vels4 ,"s books w be valu$ because ( _! illu/rations1 = ! "w ( a ma/] h& may be recogniz$ by ! exp]t se>*] aft] valuables4 ,! r>e mezzot9ts1 /ipples1 & delicate l9e engrav+s1 to say no?+ ( ! m valuable col\r pr9ts1 (t5 realize f> m ?an ! books !mselves4 ,anci5t art is m valu$ ?an ! lit]>y ef=ts ( pa/ ma/]s ( wield+ ! p56 ,x is ?us t ! books are (t5 ?r[n away aft] ! pictures or ev5 sup]add$ illu/rations or m]e "n-plates h be5 remov$4 ,! collector ( bookplates se>*es = 8 treasures4 ,"s talk ( ! v&alism ( ! collector ( ex-libris1 b !y mu/ rememb] t x is q easy to remove a bookplate )\t injur+ ! volume1 & !re are _m wor?less books4 ,! "n labels or bookplates f\nd 9 ,engli% libr>ies range f ! e>ly dat$ plates ( ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury to ! pres5t day4 ,! diff]5t /yles ( ornam5t 9 vogue 9 ! respective p]iods ( _! engrav+ 7 ) few exceptions adh]$ to by ! pr9t]s ( su* plates4 ,?us ! collector classifies 8 albums & rejoices 9 ! v>iations & details ( ! engrav]'s fancy1 :ile he sep>ates !m into su* well-def9$ gr\ps z e>ly armorial1 ,jacobean1 ,*ipp5dale1 ribbon & wrea?1 urn1 pictorial1 armorial1 & simple %ield4 ,to o!r ?an ! en?usia/ic collector1 bookplates may possess m]it 9 t !y h belong$ to fam\s m51 & are s\v5irs tak5 f ! volumes :i* 7 once h&l$ by di/+ui%$ /atesm51 div9es1 & m5 ( lett]s4 ,old ,scrap ,books4 ,! mak+ ( scrap books or ! fill+ ( portfolios 0 n always an amusem5t = *ildr51 nei!r did old] folk make ^? qua9t scrap books ) su* assortm5ts ( lit]>y & pictorial odds & ends solely = ! amusem5t ( _! visitors4 ,_m en?usia/ic collectors /or$ _! treasures 9 su* books1 ! b9d+ ( :i* 0 (t5 v co/ly & q gorge\sly ornam5t$4 ,"s po9t$ ) pride to collections ( pr9ts1 o!rs to albums ( frontispieces1 pr9t]s' m>ks1 & tailpieces1 "s ( :i* 7 beautiful little pictures4 ,9 mod]n times collectors rescue f ! flames old tickets1 pictorial b5efit tickets1 !atre passes1 & qua9t pictures :i* tell u ( great ev5ts :i* happ5$ 9 days gone by at ,ranelagh1 ,vauxhall1 & o!r places4 ,ranelagh1 :]e ! ent]ta9m5ts ( :i* relics 9 ! %ape ( beautifully engrav$ tickets are to be f\nd1 0 at ,*elsea1 & ! g>d5s visit$ by ,walpole1 ,johnson1 & ,goldsmi? 7 fam\s = _! prom5ades & = ! music & s++ :i* might be enjoy$1 among ! ev5+ pleasures be+ displays ( fireworks & mask$ dances4 ,9 ! summ] tea & c(fee 7 sipp$ "u ! trees1 & !re 7 wat] c>nivals on ! riv]4 ,!re 7 also masqu]ade balls & dances1 = :i* tickets engrav$ by ,b>tolozzi & o!r fam\s arti/s 7 issu$4 ,x is ^! tickets :i* are pres]v$ & collect$ n[4 ,! autograph hunt] ext5ds 8 hobby by add+ old p>*m5ts & de$s ) seals1 = among ! odd bundles ( p>*m5ts 9 old libr>ies are _m docum5ts atte/$ ) ?umb-m>ks & seals--,8 m>k1 ( days :5 _m ( ! l&$ proprietors c\ld n write _! own names4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4--;,,anci5t ,,clog ,,almanac4 ,! joys ( ,/4 ,val5t9e's ,day1 rememb]$ by old] p /ill1 are unkn[n to ! pres5t g5]ation1 b collectors p]petuate ,febru>y #ad? z x 0 kept 9 ! pa/ by fill+ albums ) su* old val5t9es z !y may be able to secure4 ,wat* ,pap]s4 ,ano!r comp>atively small collection c be made up ( pictorial wat* pap]s1 ^? r>e little pictorial views :i* once repos$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! cases ( old wat*es4 ,wat*es are by no means common curios ( ! h\sehold1 b n[ & !n an old silv] v]ge or a decorat$ wat* case ?\ght little ( is f\nd to conta9 "o ( ^? pretty pictures :i* 7 *iefly engrav$ & pr9t$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,_m ( ! designs 7 pr9t$ on sat92 "s 7 devices 9 ne$lework2 aga9 o!rs 7 cut out 9 ! mo/ lace-l designs4 ,!atrical celebrities 7 (t5 pictur$2 ?us ! !atrical amateur w\ld buy 8 wat* pap] repres5t+ ! celebrat$ ,miss ,gunn+1 or possibly ,mr4 ,g>rick4 ,! pictures 7 really gems1 too1 = great arti/s su* z ,angelica ,kaufmann1 ,cipriani1 & ,b>tolozzi did n disda9 to engrave wat* pap]s4 ,old ,almanacs4 ,"s ( ! be/ f9ds :5 libr>ies h be5 ov]haul$ h be5 ! curi\s old almanacs publi%$ :5 sup]/ition 0 rife4 ,! olde/1 p]haps1 7 ! clog almanacs1 al?\gh "s 7 common 9 ,/af=d%ire until ab\t #ahbj4 ,! accompany+ illu/ration 7see ,fig4 #gh7 0 engrav$ 9 an old book ref]r+ to t c\nty publi%$ m ?an a c5tury ago4 ,9 ,camd5's ,britannia "s in=mation is giv5 9 ref]5ce to ^! e>ly clog almanacs1 9 :i* x is said holidays 7 di/+ui%$ by hi]oglyphics2 9 "s ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts 0 d5ot$ by a drawn sword2 ,,ss4 ,simon & ,jude's ,day by a %ip1 because !y 7 fi%]s2 & ,/4 ,george's ,day by a horse4 ,9 ! ,norway clog almanacs ,/4 ,m>t9's ,day is m>k$ ) a goose1 ! cu/om ( eat+ a goose n[ be+ transf]r$ to ,mi*aelmas4 ,9 ! illu/ration giv5 9 ,fig4 #gh ! fir/ section embraces ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 & ,m>*2 ! second1 ,april1 ,may1 & ,june2 ! ?ird1 ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]2 & ! f\r?1 ,octob]1 ,novemb]1 & ,decemb]4 ,conspicu\sly inscrib$ on ! clog w be notic$ ! r+ = ,new ,ye>'s ,day2 ! /> d5ot+ ! ,epiphany2 ! axe = ,/4 ,paul2 ,febru>y #ad? is indicat$ by a lov]'s knot2 a spe> d5otes ,/4 ,george's ,day 9 ,april2 & ,may ,day by a tree bran*4 ,! keys ( ,/4 ,pet] are notic$ z indicat+ ! #bi? ( ,june2 ! scales ( ,/4 ,mi*ael are se5 at ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e's :eel figures 9 ! middle ( ,novemb]1 imm$iately "u x be+ ! some:at l>ge cross ( ,/4 ,&rew4 ,o!r symbols w d\btless be recogniz$ on ?is int]e/+ relic4 ,! /udy ( ! almanac is n n[ "o ( ! *ief div]sions ( ! fair sex4 ,at "o "t1 h[ev]1 :5 ladies _h few] amusem5ts ?an !y h n[1 !y sp5t mu* "t por+ ov] almanacs1 & plac$ implicit tru/ 9 :at !y f\nd record$ !re1 especially 9 ! =eca/s & progno/ications = ! future ( ^? born on c]ta9 days & "u s-call$ lucky or unlucky />s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ popul> cal5d>s ( old5 "t 0 ,! ,ladies' ,di>y or ! ,woman's ,almanac1 conta9+ _m delightful & ent]ta9+ p>ticul>s = ! fair sex4 ,let u take1 = example1 a copy ( t popul> almanac = ! ye> ( grace #agdi4 ,on ! cov] !re is a picture ( ! ,que54 ,allud+ to ! peace !n prevail+ are ! l9es3-- ,p]*'d o'er ?is ,realm1 ! anci5t seat ( ,k+s1 ,n[ dove-l peace ! sprig ( laurel br+s2 ,& ,briti% fair ones happy days %all see1 ,:ile ,george %all reign1 & ,britons /ill are free4 ,ano!r ,george is on ! ?rone1 & 8 consort ,que5 ,m>y is an ideal woman1 & :at to _m is ( ! highe/ importance1 ,peace reigns 9 ?is c\ntry & ,britons are /ill free6 ,among ! cont5ts ( t curi\s almanac are ,lat9 & ,fr5* enigmas1 ma!matical que/ions & p>adoxes4 ,! conclud+ p>agraph = ! d$ication ( t day is entitl$ ,tru?'s ,moral ,euclid2 ! proposition giv5 be+3-- ,virtue promotes happ9ess1 private & public4 ,vice is de/ructive ( happ9ess1 private & public4 ,hon\r is ! rew>d ( virtue4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ collections ( old almanacs is 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y at ,ox=d--*iefly sev5te5?-c5tury productions4 ,a /ill old] almanac 0 ! ,poor ,rob9 ( #affd2 ano!r sev5te5?-c5tury almanac be+ ! ,vox ,/ell>um ( ,francis ,moore1 a quack doctor4 ,9 #agcc ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 publi%$ 9 ,philadelphia 8 ,poor ,ri*>d's ,almanac1 not$ = its v]ses1 je/s1 & say+s4 ,! monopoly once possess$ by ! ,/ation]s' ,company has long be5 brok5 d[n1 & ( lat] almanacs & cal5d>s !re is no end4 ,among ! m9iature books1 ! collection ( :i* is mu* fav\r$ n[1 are "s v t9y almanacs1 l ! beautiful specim5s ( su* a cal5d> giv5 9 ,fig4 #hj1 produc$ actual size1 %[n op5 & clos$4 ,?is m9iature almanac is pr9t$ on sat9 & is full ( pleas+ little pictures4 ,x is ! "w ( a ,fr5* arti/ e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! pictures & _! descriptions & ! mon?ly cal5d>s occupy+ alt]nate pages4 ,! b9d+ is ( "m-o'-pe>l1 b\nd 9 ormolu & ri*ly gilt & engrav$4 ,"s simil> cal5d>s 9 t9y lea!r b9d+s1 beautifully tool$ & ornam5t$ 9 gold1 are also collectable4 ,! ,writ+ ,table4 ,! writ+ table usually occupies an hon\r$ place 9 ! libr>y4 ,x may be a massive table ( oak or a simple writ+ desk v5]at$ on acc\nt ( ! great lit]>y works :i* h be5 writt5 ^u x4 ,x is no uncommon ?+ to read ( l>ge sums paid = a writ+ desk on :i* ! manuscript ( a fam\s book has be5 p5n$1 & "s ( ! writ+ tables ^u :i* de$s ( hi/orical fame h be5 sign$ h ga9$ a reputation & a money value out ( all proportion to _! curio or antiqu>ian m]its4 ,n long ago ! late ,k+ ,edw>d pres5t$ to ! ,commonweal? ( ,au/ralia ! table on :i* ! great ,*>t] 0 sign$1 toge!r ) ! ink/& & p5 us$ on t occasion4 ,^? w be relics = future g5]ations to value4 ,! table appo9tm5ts are among ! collectable curios ( ! libr>y1 & prom95t among ^! is ! ink/&4 ,ink/&s f9d _! prototypes 9 ! inkhorns ( ! scribe2 & ?r\gh\t ! g5]ations :i* h provid$ curios = tw5tie?-c5tury collectors !re h be5 fre% supplies 9 silv]1 pewt]1 ,%effield plate1 copp]1 bronze1 iron1 wood1 *9a1 & brass4 ,v beautiful inde$ are "s ( ! old ink/&s 9 _! sep>ate vase-l atta*m5ts4 ,! ink-well 0 =m]ly accompani$ by a s& box or a p\nce ca/]1 9 mod]n days sup]s$$ by a second ink-well4 ,! s& ca/]s = spr9kl+ p\nce or s& ^u newly writt5 pages 7 a necessity be=e ! days ( blott+ pap]4 ,p]haps "s day blott]s1 blott+ pads1 & ! l1 may become collectable curios6 ,collectors ( old *9a are famili> ) ! r>e boxes1 egg-cup-l 9 =m1 made by ,ri*>d ,*aff]s1 ( ,liv]pool1 ! blue & :ite decoration1 ! "n ( ! pott] 9 ! n>r[$ portion ( ! box be+ *>act]i/ic ( :at 0 = a long "t kn[n z ,dick's ,pepp]box4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 int5d$ = a p\nce box1 ! p\nce or pumice be+ a f9e p[d] ( ! cuttle-fi% bone1 aft]w>ds giv+ ! "n to ! p\nce pap] or transp>5t trac+ mat]ial4 ,( ! ink/&s to be se5 9 our museums !re are _m dat+ f almo/ prehi/oric times2 _! v>iety may be in/anc$ by m5tion ( "o 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum1 an ,egyptian curio said to be #c1djj ye>s old1 bel[ ! ink comp>tm5ts be+ a case = hold+ re$ p5s4 ,9 e>ly days be=e ev5 well-to-d p c\ld read & write ! scribe f\nd a ready occupation4 ,! mat]ials he us$ 7 c>ri$ ab\t 9 a writ+ case ( metal1 & among su* curios are writ+ cases :i* 7 us$ 9 ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,!y 7 (t5 ! "w ( ! craftsm5 ( ,mesopotamia1 :o 7 clev] arti/s 9 metal1 & ! "w !y p]=m$ came to ,europe ?r\gh ,syria4 ,! example %[n 9 ,fig4 #ha is ! "w ( ,mahmud1 ! son ( ,sonkor1 ( ,baghdad1 & is dat$ #abha4 ,?is beautiful specim5 may be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! implem5ts ! scribe us$ *ang$ z "t w5t on1 = p>*m5t 0 us$ q e>ly 9 ! ,ea/4 ,writ+ 0 introduc$ into ,spa9 by ! ,moors 9 ! t5? c5tury1 al?\gh writ+ pap] 0 n made 9 ,engl& until ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4--,,old ,,co9 ,,te/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4--,,m9iature ,,s\v5ir ,,almanac4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4--;,,anci5t ,,writ+ ,,set4 ,! evolution ( ! p5 has be5 sl[1 = ! use ( quills cont9ues /ill 9 "s ,gov]nm5t (fices1 & quills are /ill suppli$ to read]s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,read+ ,room4 ,! old-fa%ion$ quill p5s 7 9 days gone by %ap$ ) a small knife made specially = t purpose4 ,inde$1 x is to ! quill p5 t we are indebt$ = our p5 knives1 :i* h long be5 put to o!r uses4 ,x 0 n e "o :o 0 exp]t 9 cutt+ a p5 neatly & mak+ x write well4 ,consequ5tly an in/rum5t 0 made = t purpose1 kn[n z ! quill-p5 cutt]4 ,^! cutt]s are n[ & !n met ) 9 old desks1 :]e !y h la9 unus$ = _m ye>s4 ,quill-p5 mak+ 0 an important indu/ry until ! inv5tion ( ! /eel p51 & ! quality ( ! quill 0 a matt] ( importance to ! scribe4 ,9 a trad]'s circul> dat$ #ahbj !re is notice ( ! ,royal ,appo9tm5t ( a ,liv]pool mak]1 :o 0 au?oriz$ to ex]cise & enjoy all ! rights1 pr(its1 privileges1 & advantages ( 8 appo9tm5t ( ,p5 ,cutt] & ,quill ,dress] to ,8 ,maje/y ,k+ ,george ,,iv4 ,9 ! same circul> x is /at$ t ! quill p5s suppli$ 7 ( v>y+ qualities1 secur$ f ! swan1 rav51 goose1 turkey1 cr[1 & duck4 ,seal+ correspond5ce 0 a necessity be=e gumm$ envelopes 7 inv5t$4 ,!n seal+-wax 0 9 daily use on ! writ+ table1 & ! signet r+ or seal 0 requisition$4 ,! outfit ( a libr>y table w\ld sc>cely be complete )\t wax1 waf] irons1 & seals4 ,"o ( ! curios f\nd n[ & !n 9 old desks is a little cutt+ in/rum5t useful 9 remov+ seals or op5+ lett]s :i* _h be5 seal$4 ,9 ! days be=e p5ny po/age lett]s 7 s5t c>riage =w>d1 & ! po/age :i* _h to be paid on ! receipt ( lett]s f a di/ance 0 a heavy tax on ^? :o _h _m fri5ds & mu* correspond5ce4 ,! p5alty ( be+ ! recipi5t ( mu* correspond5ce may1 p]haps1 h be5 light5$ by ! word+ ( ! seal2 = _m old lett] seals convey$ s5tim5tal messages :i* to ! receiv] f t p>ticul> s5d] might h meant mu*4 ,! foll[+ is a selection ( ! *>act]i/ic s5tim5ts ( ! day3 ,break ! seal1 read ! lett]1 & keep ! secret2 ,y h a loyal fri5d2 & ,life is naught )\t a fri5d4 ,we _c tell :at 0 ! result ( s5d+ a lett] be>+ su* a seal leg5d z3-- ,m9e is a he>t t love? !e2 ,s1 ladylove1 d ?\ love me4 ,collectors' hobbies n[ & !n are increas$ by ! introduction ( some?+ entirely new1 some?+ nev] kn[n be=e1 & ! _w rejoices ov] a g5u9e novelty4 ,! cynic decl>es t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun1 b ! introduction ( ! p5ny po/age 9 #ahdj1 at ! in/igation ( ,r[l& ,hill1 laid ! f\ndation to /amp collect+1 :i* has become ! mo/ popul> ( all collectors' hobbies4 ,! philateli/ is f\nd 9 e civiliz$ c\ntry1 & ! collection ( po/age /amps1 us$ & unus$1 gr[s apace4 ,a bundle ( old lett]s 9 entire envelopes1 po/$ =ty or fifty ye>s ago f "o ( ! ,briti% ,colonies1 discov]$ :5 ransack+ an old libr>y1 w probably prove ! mo/ valuable relic ( ! pa/ f\nd 9 x4 ,,xii ,,! ,,smok]',s ,,cab9et ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,smok]',s ,,cab9et ,old pipes--,pipe racks--,tobacco boxes--,smok]s' tongs & /opp]s--,snuff boxes & rasps4 ,! slave ( ! pipe & ! mod]ate smok] ( ye>s gone by h left beh9d !m relics 9 ne>ly e home4 ,su* curios are f\nd :5 pull+ d[n old h\ses1 & cle>+ out rubbi% heaps2 & ev5 :5 mak+ excavations 9 ! vic9ity ( once occupi$ gr\nd rema9s left beh9d by smok]s ( old5 times are discov]$4 ,_m are m>k$ z curios on acc\nt ( _! curi\s =ms2 o!rs h be5 reg>d$ z su* because _! uses h become obsolete1 & "s because ( _! great beauty & ! co/l9ess ( ! mat]ials ( :i* !y are made4 ,! collectable curios ( ! smok]'s cab9et consi/ ( clay pipes1 v>y+ f ! e>lie/ =m kn[n to ! lat] types n f> remov$ f ! mod]n clays /ill smok$ by workm52 ( pipes ( curi\s =ms & qua9tly c>v$ b[ls2 & ! ,ea/]n pipes1 :i* look m l %[ pieces 9 _! size & =ms ?an any pipe made = actual use4 ,! curios include tobacco j>s1 spill cups1 & a% trays2 & !re are also brass & copp] spittoons & pipe racks4 ,an old smok]'s desk (t5 conta9s odd curios1 su* z ! "o-"t common pipe-/opp]s1 s _m ( :i* 7 made by ,birm+ham toy-mak]s 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,old ,pipes4 ,:5 tobacco 0 fir/ introduc$ into ?is c\ntry1 & smok+ 0 taught to ^? ^: desc5dants 9 c\ntless numb]s 7 de/9$ to wor%ip at ! %r9e ( my ,lady ,nicot9e on ,briti% soil1 ! pipe 0 br\ght ov] too2 = tobacco & ! tobacco pipe are insep>able1 al?\gh ! pipe %>es its popul>ity ) cig>s & cig>ettes4 ,!re are few records ( e>ly exp]im5ts 9 ! modell+ & bak+ ( local clays by pipe mak]s2 x 01 h[ev]1 soon discov]$ t ,broseley clay 0 mo/ suitable = ! tobacco pipe1 & !re are pipes kn[n to h be5 made at ,broseley 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! flat heels ( ! e>ly pipes 7 useful 9 t pipes c\ld !n be laid d[n on ! table4 ,!n 9 ! reign ( ,james ,,ii an advance 0 made by ! spur-l projection ( ! b[l1 :i* 0 f\nd to be conv5i5t = ! purpose ( br&+ ) ! initials ( ! mak] or 8 trade m>k1 & !re are _m examples ( old m>ks1 "s ( :i* are v curi\s1 a n uncommon =m be+ a punn+ rebus on ! mak]'s "n2 ?us we h a gauntlet1 us$ by a man nam$ ,gauntlet4 ,! e>li] =ms ( clay pipes gradually gave way to ! long-/emm$ *ur*w>d5s1 :i* 9 c\rse ( "t 7 aga9 sup]s$$ by pipes ) %ort /ems4 ,! me]s*aum 9 its day _h _m foll[]s1 & "s ( ! curiosities ( ! smok]'s cab9et 7! t]m cab9et is us$ "h 9 a figurative r ?an a reali/ic s5se7 are ^? elaborately c>v$ specim5s ( me]s*aum1 t rem>kably light mat]ial t l5ds itself s well to ! c>v]'s art4 ,pipe ,racks4 ,!re appe> to h be5 two di/9ct =ms ( racks--^? us$ = clean+ or rebak+ clay pipes1 & ! racks on :i* !y 7 /or$4 ,! pipe rack 0 orig9ally a wr\ght-iron frame ^u :i* dirty clay pipes 7 /ov$ 9 a brick ov5 & re/or$ to _! orig9al fre%ness4 ,! /ov+ ( pipes 0 a common practice n only 9 tav]ns & public clubs b 9 private h\ses 9 ! days :5 long clay pipes 7 s]v$ to ! gue/s1 & a b[l ( pun* 0 plac$ be=e !m--x 0 ?us t convivial spirits enjoy$ !mselves 9 "t gone by4 ,n[ & !n ^! old pipe racks are met ) 9 "s ou?\se or attic1 b !y are gett+ v sc>ce1 = mo/ ( !m appe> to h f\nd _! way into ! scrap heap ( ! old-metal deal]4 ,"s ( ! racks int5d$ = ! /orage ( pipes & n = bak+ !m 7 exce$+ly decorative1 ! ornam5tal sides t]m9at+ ) acorn knobs made ( ca/ lead4 ,tobacco ,boxes4 ,x seems natural to suppose t ! ne$ ( a suitable receptacle = tobacco w\ld e>ly be felt4 ,_m ( ! old tobacco boxes--^? = /orage purposes--7 made ( lead or pewt]4 ,lead 0 f\nd to be cool & 0 also us$ z an appropriate l9+ = boxes made ( o!r mat]ials4 ,j>s soon came into vogue1 & !re are q anci5t specim5s1 especially ! old japann$ boxes1 ornam5t$ ) figures 9 gilt4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! /orage j> & ! small] box c>ri$ ab\t by ! smok] mu* 9 ! same way z ! p\* is n[ us$4 ,_m /ill pref] metal to o!r mat]ials1 & x is no uncommon ?+ to see brass & /eel boxes 9 use 9 indu/rial di/ricts4 ,few1 h[ev]1 except+ mod]n replicas ( ! antique1 are decorat$ 9 ! way ! old ,dut* tobacco boxes ( brass 7 9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies4 ,x is n v cle> :y s _m ( !m 7 engrav$ ) scriptural subjects1 = !re does n appe> to be mu* connection betwe5 biblical hi/ory & ! pipe6 ,engrav+s ( sc5es depict+ ,noah & ! ,flood are common1 ! incongruity ( ! clo?+ %[n be+ (t5 comm5t$ ^u2 "o writ] ^u ! subject ref]r$ to ! engrav+s on "o ( ^! tobacco boxes z be+ ornam5t$ ) ,jewi% *>act]s we>+ knee bree*es ( ,engli% type1 talk+ to ,dut* frau54 ,hi/orical portraits are n uncommonly met ) on ^! qua9t boxes1 & q a numb] ( battle sc5es h be5 engrav$4 ,su* metal "w has be5 ga!r$ toge!r 9 sev]al museums1 & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re is a f9e collection ( v>i\s %apes1 "s oval1 o!rs long & n>r[1 & "s almo/ squ>e4 ,! brass tobacco box illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #hc has a m$allion portrait ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great 9 ! c5tre1 su* emboss$ subjects be+ v popul> 9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,holl&1 al?\gh ,dut* arti/s gave pref]5ce to scriptural subjects1 _m f9e examples ( :i* are to be se5 9 our museums4 ,=tunately !re are _m really curi\s specim5s obta9able at a mod]ate co/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4--,,?ree ,,curi\s ,,pipe-,,/opp]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4--;,,brass ,,tobacco ,,box4 7,9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,smok]s' ,tongs & ,/opp]s4 ,curi\s little emb] tongs 7 =m]ly us$ by smok]s = tak+ up hot emb]s or a%es ) :i* to light _! pipes4 ,( ^! !re are sev]al v>ieties1 mo/ ( !m ( poli%$ /eel1 cut & *as$4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury simil> tongs 7 us$ = hold+ cig>s2 "s 7 fitt$ ) small knives1 & a few ( ! e>li] examples includ$ t9d] boxes4 ,n infrequ5tly "o end ( ! h&le t]m9at$ 9 a tobacco /opp]4 ,/opp]s1 71 h[ev]1 de/9$ soon to become an indep5d5t & important smok]s' accessory4 ,!y 7 made ( diff]5t mat]ials1 includ+ brass1 /eel1 bone1 & ivory1 to "s be+ add$ a pick = cle>+ out ! b[l ( a pipe4 ,_m curi\s h&les 7 modell$1 among ! v>ieties be+ "s repres5t+ soldi]s 9 arm\r ( ! "t ( ,james ,i4 ,!re is "o fav\rite type repres5t+ ,*>les ,i1 cr[n$1 & we>+ ! coll> ( ! ,g>t]1 & ano!r a bu/ ( ,oliv] ,cromwell4 ,9 "o example a f>m lab\r] works a flail1 9 ano!r a milkmaid goes a-milk+ ) h] pail4 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( a h& hold+ a pipe1 ( jockeys & prize-fight]s1 & ( ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon4 ,! ?ree /opp]s illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #hb are q exceptional specim5s1 illu/rat+1 h[ev]1 ! k9d ( /opp] :i* collectors %\ld keep a ke5 look out =4 ,^! examples are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum along ) a few o!rs ( sev5te5? & eighte5?-c5tury manufacture1 hav+ /rik+ *>act]i/ics4 ,"o is describ$ z hav+ a human figure at ! butt1 & at ! o!r end a cr[n$ head4 ,! ?ird example is an hi/oric s\v5ir1 hav+ be5 made1 z ! inscription on ! /opp] indicates1 f ! royal oak :i* %elt]$ ,*>les ,,ii1 by ,mr4 ,george ,plaxton1 at "o "t p>son ( ! p>i%4 ,9 ! ,taunton ,ca/le ,museum !re is an exceptionally beautiful /opp] made ( ivory inscrib$3-- ,,n[ 4 ,,man 4 ,,) 4 ,,man 4 ,,is 4 ,,s 4 ,,vnjv/ 4 ,,t 4 ,,"o 4 ,,c 4 ,,sc>ce 4 ,,tell 4 ,,:o 4 ,,to 4 ,,trv/4 ,!re are simil> /opp]s 9 private collections4 ,! inscription on "o at ,s\? ,pe!rton reads3-- ,,! 4 ,,fayre/ 4 ,,mayd 4 ,,t 4 ,,did 4 ,,bayr 4 ,,life 4 ,,= 4 ,,love 4 ,,to 4 ,,man 4 ,,became 4 ,a 4 ,,wife4 ,snuff ,boxes & ,rasps4 ,snuff-tak+ has be5 a habit associat$ ) smok+ tobacco f q e>ly days4 ,! prep>ation ( snuff 0 =m]ly a*iev$ at home1 & consequ5tly !re sprang up ! ne$ ( rasps1 :i* 7 frequ5tly c>ri$ ab\t 9 ! pocket1 _m ( ! cases be+ v ornam5tal4 ,!y v>i$ 9 size1 b ! rasp cases usually held a plug or twi/ ( tobacco f :i* ! snuff 0 made4 ,!re are sev]al f9e old snuff rasps 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 "o l>ge rasp measur+ #ae 94 9 l5g?2 its case1 :i* is ( walnut & extremely decorative1 is attribut$ to a ,dut* c>v] :o execut$ x 9 ! second half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,!re is also a small iron rasp 9 a case ( teak wood1 :i* is inlaid ) rosewood1 ivory1 & tortoise%ell1 ! rasp measur+ ab\t #h 94 9 l5g?4 ,an eighte5?-c5tury ,fr5* rasp ( boxwood is c>v$ 9 l[ relief2 on "o side a pair ( doves is repres5t$1 "u ! picture be+ ! leg5d1 ,unis jusqu'a la mort4 ,on ! o!r side !re is a man bl[+ a horn ) ! leg5d1 ,la fidelite e/ p]due1 ar\nd :i* is a rope-l frame support+ two cornucopiae4 ,ano!r curi\s v>iety ( snuff rasp is made to run on :eels4 ,:5 snuff-mak+ became an e/abli%$ trade1 & ! ne$ = snuff rasps to be c>ri$ 0 n s great1 ! decoration ( snuff boxes became m ornate4 ,x 0 9 ! days ( ,que5 ,anne t ! height ( ! glory ( ! snuff] 0 rea*$2 x 01 h[ev]1 dur+ ! reigns ( ! ,georges t s _m beautiful boxes 7 made4 ,!re 7 boxes c>v$ out ( a piece ( wood1 o!rs ( bone1 papi]-ma*e1 & metal2 inde$1 all ! metals seem to h be5 us$1 = among ! curiosities ( old snuff boxes are ^? made ( iron1 copp]1 brass1 silv]1 & gold4 ,"s ( ! m co/ly 7 enri*$ ) diamonds & preci\s /ones1 & ) t9y m9iature pa9t+s & beautiful ,w$gwood cameos4 ,9 ! days :5 snuff-tak+ 0 a common] practice ?an x is n[1 ! ornam5tal snuff box 0 ! *os5 gift to m5 ( fame4 ,k+s1 pr9ces1 & ! nobility receiv$ gold & jewell$ snuff boxes on occasions :5 9 m mod]n days !y w\ld h be5 giv5 a scroll ( vellum 9 a gold5 casket4 ,_m prov9cial museums conta9 excell5t collections ( smok]s' requisites4 ,9 ! h&book ( ,wel% antiquities publi%$ 9 connection ) ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales1 9 ,c>diff1 !re are allusions to sev]al int]e/+ specim5s1 ! writ] ( ! guide quot+ "s l9es p5n$ by a sixte5?-c5tury poet1 :o extoll$ tobacco ?us3-- ,tobacco engages ,bo? sexes1 all ages-- ,! poor z well z ! weal?y2 ,f ! ,c\rt to ! cottage1 ,f *ildhood to dotage1 ,bo? ^? t are sick & ! heal?y4 ,,xiii ,,love ,,tok5s ,,& ,,lucky ,,emblems ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,love ,,tok5s ,,& ,,lucky ,,emblems ,amulets--,horse trapp+s--,emblems ( luck--,lovespoons--,glass curios4 ,! collector r>ely tr\bles ab\t attempt+ to solve matt]s ( dispute1 & c>es little to ent] into argum5tative discussions 9 ref]5ce to ! suppos$ purposes ( ! curios he collects1 or ! diff]5t uses ) :i* !y h be5 associat$4 ,he does n inquire too deeply into ! fai?s & beliefs :i* may h be5 held & rev]$ by 8 ance/ors :5 he puts 9 8 cab9et "s curiosity :i* may h be5 reg>d$ almo/ ) rev]5tial feel+s & h&l$ ) sup]/iti\s reg>d by its orig9al possessor4 ,! m ?\ghtful man does1 h[ev]1 pay "s tribute to _! e>ly associations4 ,our museums are fill$ ) su* relics1 ) delightfully c>v$ reliqu>ies1 tripty*s1 & m>vell\sly c>v$ beads :i* 9 _! religi\s use z ros>ies h be5 look$ ^u z some?+ m ?an m]e specim5s ( ! c>v]'s art4 ,!re are my/]ies 9 beliefs :i* h be5 held de> 9 ! pa/ :i* are n und]/ood by succe$+ g5]ations4 ,x is difficult to und]/& 9 ! pres5t day ! deep-seat$ fai? 9 amulets & *>ms1 :i* 7 ?\ght to h br\ght ab\t :at w\ld n[ be reg>d$ z curi\s co9cid5ces1 or to place reliance ^u ! babbl+ utt]ances ( "s old crone :o pos$ z a wit* or a =tune-tell]4 ,yet among su* old-_w /ories !re are g]ms ( tru? al?\gh misappli$4 ,! emblems1 amulets1 & *>ms s implicitly believ$ 9 a few c5turies ago are objects numb]$ among collectable curios1 valu$ ev5 9 ?is prosaic age n only = _! intr9sic wor? & antiqu>ian int]e/1 b = ! s-call$ magic influ5ces !y 7 suppos$ to possess4 ,!re is some?+ m und]/&able ab\t love tok5s1 = we c tell _! purpose1 & inde$ to-day1 /ripp$ ( ! *>m :i* 0 (t5 suppos$ to g ) !m1 love tok5s are giv51 receiv$1 & valu$ j z mu* z !y 7 9 ! pa/4 ,amulets4 ,! amulet1 :i* 9 its reali/ic =m is reg>d$ z an antiquity to be pres]v$ ) c>e1 0 usually reg>d$ ei!r z a *>m aga9/ disease1 accid5t1 or mis=tune1 or z some?+ ! possession ( :i* w\ld br+ good luck4 ,! efficacy ( amulets 0 believ$ 9 by ! mo/ cultur$ & sci5tific peoples 9 ! pa/1 = x 0 an article ( belief 9 ,egypt & ,*aldea4 ,! ,jews _h reg>d = _! phylact]ies1 & ! ,greeks & ,romans _h _! amulets4 ,! image ( ,?or 0 an amulet peculi> to ! old ,norsem52 & 9 ,brita9 we h _h _m examples4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd4--;,,collection ,,( ,,h>ness ,,amulets ,,& ,,team ,,bells4 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,wayte1 ( ,ed5bridge47 ,al?\gh n necess>ily objects to be worn1 no d\bt *>ms usually took ! =m ( some?+ :i* c\ld be susp5d$1 = ! orig9 ( ! ^w com+ to u ?r\gh ! ,lat9 has be5 trac$ to an ,arabic ^w1 signify+ a p5dant4 ,9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ! fi% 0 worn z a symbol or *>m1 & 9 _m p>ts ( rural ,engl& to-day amulets are kept1 & ev5 *>ms1 z prev5tives aga9/ disease4 ,m5 & wom5 buy s-call$ amulets f ! jewell]s' %ops at ! pres5t "t1 & we> !m on _! wat* *a9s or bangles1 & r\nd _! necks2 b ! fai? repos$ 9 su* *>ms by ! educat$ classes 9 ?is c\ntry may be dismiss$ z a my?1 = few really und]/& _! true significance1 or place any real reliance ^u su* fanciful relics ( a =m] age--an age ( sup]/ition1 :5 p bl9dly clut*$ at any my/]i\s protective p[] or emblem4 ,horse ,trapp+s4 ,among ! common] emblems ( good luck h&$ d[n f ! f>-(f pa/1 are ! brass amulets worn on horse trapp+s ev5 to-day4 ,a set ( brasses consi/s ( a face brass1 tak+ *ief place ( prom95ce on ! horse's =ehead2 two e> brasses1 :i* are se5 beh9d ! e>s2 t5 m>t+ale brasses1 worn on ! brea/2 & ?ree brasses susp5d$ f /raps on ea* ( ! %\ld]s4 ,^! amulets 7 prim>ily worn to keep (f ! evil eye1 & ?us protect ! horse & its rid] or its own] f calamity & h>m4 ,! brasses 7 v>i$ 9 design1 "s ( ! m important be+ developm5ts ( ! cresc5t moon4 ,"s 7 made to imitate ! sun ) its po9t$ rays1 o!rs ! ,ca!r9e :eel2 ! ,k5ti% horse1 too1 a relic ( ,saxon days1 has be5 frequ5tly us$1 & !re is ! lotus fl[] ( ,egyptian orig94 ,!re are ,moori% & ,buddhi/ symbols1 & _m curi\s developm5ts :i* h gone f> a/ray f _! orig9al types4 ,! agriculturi/ is /ill sup]/iti\s1 & does n l to less5 ! numb] ( ^! some:at weighty brasses susp5d$ f 8 horse trapp+s4 ,= purposes ( utility !y are useless2 !y rema91 h[ev]1 a connect+ l9k ) ! sup]/itions ( ! pa/1 & a collection ( su* curi\s objects is ( extreme int]e/4 ,9 ,fig4 #hd is %[n an exceptionally f9e collection got toge!r by ,mr4 ,wayte1 ( ,ed5bridge1 :o collects _m su* ?+s4 ,emblems ( ,luck4 ,!re seems to be a di/9ctive diff]5ce betwe5 ! amulets :i* 7 protectors aga9/ h>m & ^? :i* are emblems ( good =tune4 ,p]haps hov]+ betwe5 ! two may be class$ su* curios z ^? :i* tradition has held to be a pres]vative ( luck1 l ! ,luck ( ,ed5 ,hall1 t wond]ful goblet pres]v$ ) su* great c>e 9 its *>m+ case ( c\r b\lli4 ,9 ?is category are ! num]\s gifts f fri5d to fri5d hav+ no special emblematic value1 b :i* 7 frequ5tly h&$ ov] ) su* say+s z3 ,i give y ?is = luck1 & ,may good luck g ) y4 ,! wi% & impli$ virtue 9 ! *>m has ab\t z mu* value 9 x z ! wi% playfully & unbeliev+ly utt]$ by ! tw5tie?-c5tury maid5 at ! wi%+ well to-day4 ,!re is /ill1 h[ev]1 an und5iable l+]+ belief 9 ! my/]i\s value 9 ! possession ( an emblem ( luck1 "o ( ! be/ kn[n & commonly us$ to-day be+ ! horse%oe1 pref]ably1 accord+ to old tradition1 a ca/ %oe f\nd & nail$ up ov] ! doorway or 9 "s prom95t place4 ,x is g5]ally believ$ t ! horse%oe c>ries ) x good luck on acc\nt ( its =m1 :i* resembles ! cresc5t moon1 a notori\s symbol 9 ! days ( ! ,crusad]s1 already ref]r$ to z be+ an important feature 9 ! amulets or *>ms on horse trapp+s--su* is ! curi\s mixture ( scepticism & sup]/iti\s fai? met ) to-day6 ,lovespoons4 ,! collection ( ,wel% lovespoons 9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales1 sev]al ( :i* are illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #he1 is q unique4 ,dr4 ,hoyle1 ! ,director ( ! ,museum1 9 8 admirable description ( ! case 9 :i* ^! pretty little objects are %[n1 expla9s t !y are arrang$ to %[ ! evolution ( ! lovespoon f ! normal spoon4 ,su* lovespoons might1 a few ye>s ago1 h be5 se5 9 _m ,wel% homes1 :]e !y hung z ?+s ( ornam5t & s5tim5t1 = x is said !y 7 giv5 9 spoon+ days to ! girl ( 8 *oice by ! lov]4 ,! h&le is ( c\rse ! appropriate field ( decoration1 ! d\ble b[l be+ symbolic ( ,we two are "o4 ,! dat$ spoons 7 mo/ly made 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,glass ,curios4 ,"s ( ! mo/ pleas+ love tok5s are ^? made at ,nailsea 9 ,som]set1 & 9 ,sund]l&4 ,! common] k9ds1 *iefly made at ! latt] place1 7 kn[n z sailors' love tok5s4 ,!y took ! =m ( roll+-p9s1 :i* 7 evid5tly int5d$ = ornam5t & n = use4 ,a b[ ( ribbon 0 ti$ r\nd ! end ( ! p9 by :i* ! roll] c\ld be hung up4 ,^! glass roll+-p9s 7 cov]$ ov] ) s5tim5tal mottoes1 g5]ally accompani$ by a %ip1 a typical feature ( ! decorations commonly us$4 ,"s ( ^! little mem5toes giv5 away by sailors 7 ( :ite semi-opaque glass1 o!rs 7 brilliantly col\r$4 ,nailsea glass works 7 not$ = ! ,italian influ5ce %[n 9 ! col\r effects produc$ 9 !m4 ,among o!r objects made at ^? fam\s glass works 7 flasks & bottles = w9es & spirits 9 gre5s1 br[ns1 & blues1 to :i* 7 add$ 9 small] quantities r$ & yell[4 ,o!r tr9kets ( an ornam5tal "* 7 glass tobacco pipes1 bells1 & coa* horns4 ,!re 7 also ,nailsea walk+ /icks made ( twi/$ glass1 & _m curi\s cups4 ,mo/ ( ^! 7 giv5 = luck1 especially z love tok5s :5 sailors 7 ab\t to set out on a voyage1 ! sup]/ition atta*$ to ! gift be+ t if ! glass p9 7 brok5 x 0 a sign t ! vessel 9 :i* ! giv] _h sail$ _h be5 wreck$4 ,h5ce x 0 t a ribbon 0 securely atta*$1 & ! gift hung up out ( h>m's rea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he4--,,old ,,wel% ,,love ,,spoons4 7,9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,wales47 ,9 association ) glass roll+-p9s & o!r love tok5s !re are _m sundry curios :i* f ! mottoes ^u !m 7 evid5tly giv5 ) a simil> purpose4 ,ev5 objects ( metal & brass 7 frequ5tly inscrib$ ) lov+ rem9d]s ( ! donor4 ,! pleas+ little tr9ket & pat* boxes ( enamels & glass1 ref]r$ to 9 ano!r *apt]1 7 giv5 f s5tim5tal motives z evid5c$ by _! inscriptions4 ,cov]s ( pocket books & tobacco p\*es 7 cov]$ ov] ) simil> leg5ds1 l a delightful beadwork tobacco p\* 9 ! ,taunton ,ca/le ,museum1 on :i* is ! motto or s5tim5t1 ,,love ,,me ,,= ,i ,,am ,,?9e1 #afca1 wr\ght by a sev5te5?-c5tury ne$lework]4 ,simil> mottoes are f\nd on ! little p9cu%ions =m]ly c>ri$ 9 ! capaci\s pockets ( wom5 ( old5 "t1 sometimes wr\ght 9 ne$lework & at o!rs 9 beads4 ,,xiv ,,! ,,m>k+ ,,( ,,"t ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,m>k+ ,,( ,,"t ,clocks--,wat*es--,wat* keys--,wat* /&s4 ,! e>ly m>k+ ( "t 0 simple en\gh1 = we are told t ! ,arabs1 by driv+ a spe> or a /aff into ! s& ( ! des]t1 told ! "t ( day4 ,! %ad[ ( ! sun r\ghly gave ^? :o 7 famili> ) a/ronomy ! lay ( ! l& & ! "t1 approximately4 ,:5 ! dial & ! gnomon 7 und]/ood1 diall+ became a popul> sci5ce1 & ere long ! sundial on ! *ur* t[]1 9 a public place1 or 9 a private g>d51 told ! "t4 ,!n came ! m>k+ ( "t by pocket dials--an advance :i* =e%ad[$ ! wat* :i* 0 to come4 ,! pocket dial 0 soon foll[$ by me*anical clocks1 ! clock wat*1 & ! m delicate "w ( ! wat*mak]4 ,! wat* has become m accurate 9 its m>k+ ( "t by ! introduction ( ma*9]y 9 its manufacture2 & x is *eap5$ by competition1 s t n[ e "o = a m]e trifle c c>ry 9 8 pocket a wat* by means ( :i* he c tell accurately ! h\r ( day1 z ,%akespe>e has x 9 ,z ,y ,l ,x3-- ,& !n he drew a dial f 8 poke2 ,& look+ on x ) lack-lu/re eye1 ,says1 v wisely1 ',x is t5 o'clock2 ,?us we may see1' quo? he1 'h[ ! _w wags4' ,"s fur!r ref]5ces to ! sundial w be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,xvii1 ! sundial be+ "o ( ! accompanim5ts ( ! old-_w g>d54 ,clocks4 ,9 ,*ats on ,old ,copp] & ,brass "s m5tion is made ( old clocks1 & ( ! wat* :i* grew 9 beauty & f95ess ( workman%ip z x evolv$ f ! wat*-clock & ! /ill e>li] lant]n & o!r old clocks1 :i* 7 gradually introduc$ to sup]s$e or supplem5t ! e>li] sundials4 ,v rem>kable inde$ are "s ( ^! h\sehold curios4 ,! v movem5t ( ! clock1 ) its p5dulum sw++ to & fro & ! l\d tick :i* c be he>d all ov] ! room1 gives a sort ( v5]at$ respect = ! gr&fa!r1 ) its massive & (t5 ri*ly c>v$ or inlaid oak5 or mahogany case1 mak+ x an important piece ( furniture 9 ! room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf4--;,,f9e ,,go?ic ,,fr5* ,,clock4 7,9 ! collection ( ,w4 ,egan ,sons1 ,ltd41 ,cork47 ,! ,cromwellian lant]n clock 0 beautiful 9 its way1 & x may be reg>d$ z ! e>lie/ type ( commonly us$ dome/ic clocks1 mo/ ( :i* 7 made at a lat] p]iod ?an is d5ot$ by ! "n ( ,cromwellian4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 ( a good respectable age1 & are n[ really valuable h\sehold antiquities4 ,! lant]n clock may be reg>d$ z ! ance/or ( ! gr&fa!r1 ! works ( :i* 7 protect$ by a wood5 case4 ,! evolution f ! e>li] type is q easy to foll[1 = ! wood5 hood to protect ! clock on ! bracket %elf 0 add$2 !n came ! fram$ head1 :i* 0 glaz$1 & ev5tually ! l[] case cov]+ ! weights4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t gr&fa!rs & ! small] v>iety commonly designat$ gr&mo!rs4 ,! dials ( ! e>li] specim5s are ( brass & h only ! h\r h&1 an onw>d /ep be+ m>k$ :5 ! m9ute f+] 0 add$4 ,! me*anical arrangem5t by :i* ! days ( ! week & ! mon? 7 indicat$ 0 a happy addition1 al?\gh "s w\ld1 d\btless1 reg>d !m z some:at unnecess>y4 ,! collector ( antiques is likely to be impos$ ^u unless he is acqua9t$ ) ! te*nical con/ruction ( bo? works & frame or case1 = x is n an uncommon ?+ to fit 9 a mod]n antique case a set ( old works4 ,! timepiece is an innovation ( comp>atively rec5t days4 ,f ! fir/ x became ! c5tral ornam5t on ! mantelpiece1 & _m arti/s 7 employ$ 9 provid+ suitable designs & comb9+ v>i\s mat]ials to produce clocks 9 keep+ ) prevail+ /yles ( furniture & decoration4 ,! ,fr5* clockmak]s became exp]ts z design]s ( ! small] & m v>i$ cases ( mantelpiece clocks1 _m f9e examples ( ! ,empire p]iod rank+ z art treasures z well z curios4 ,fig4 #hf repres5ts an exceptionally f9e example ( a ,go?ic ,fr5* clock1 beautifully modell$1 & 9 excell5t condition4 ,"s ( ! gilt clocks & side vases to mat* 7 b\ght z mantelpiece ornam5ts1 r ?an = _! m]it z timekeep]s1 al?\gh ! be/ mak]s always put 9 reliable works--!re 7 no su* works z ^? made by ma*9]y & sold s *eaply to-day6 ,! timepieces ( e>ly ,victorian days are sc>cely antiques1 & few ( !m are treasur$ z su*1 al?\gh und\bt$ly curi\s4 ,wat*es4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds wat*es z we und]/& !m 0 ! manufacture ( pocket clocks 7_m ( :i* %[ ,dut* influ5ce 9 design71 "s ( ! cases ( :i* 7 v beautiful4 ,! wat*es :i* foll[$ 9 due c\rse 7 at fir/ )\t glasses1 & = ! bett] protection ( ! works & ( ! delicate engrav+s & ornam5tation ( ! backs & dials loose cases ( metal or %agre5 7 made4 ,"s ( !m 7 highly ornam5tal1 little /uds ( gold or silv] be+ arrang$ 9 geometrical & floral patt]ns on ! ext]iors4 ,two v pretty examples ( su* cases are %[n 9 ,fig4 #hh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg--,,specim5s ,,( ,,old ,,wat* ,,keys4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh4--,,two ,,antique ,,wat* ,,cases4 ,_m ( ! wat* backs 7 *as$ & p]=at$ & beautifully enamell$2 ! dials 7 cov]$ ) pa9t$ m9iatures1 & gold wat*es 7 enri*$ ) jewels4 ,f ,switz]l& & ,nuremb]g come _m *oice examples2 b !re 7 clev] wat*mak]s 9 ,engl& too1 among !m ,john ,/ev5s1 ( ,col*e/]1 a sixte5?-c5tury wat*mak] not$ = 8 pi]c$ & engrav$ brass-gilt cases4 ,classical figures & designs %[+ ,dut* influ5ce became popul> late 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury2 !n fa%ions *ang$1 & ! ,c\rt ( ! ,emp]ors ( ,france ex]cis$ an influ5ce ov] art 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries1 & wat* cases & o!r less] objects 7 made m or less 9 h>mony4 ,at "o "t curi\sly %ap$ cases 7 ! fa%ion2 at ano!r octagonal wat*es1 su* z 7 made 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury by ,edmund ,bull1 ( ,fleet ,/reet1 :o is said to h made an elliptic silv] wat* engrav$ all ov] ) m9ute scriptural subjects4 ,! collection ( wat*es is a hobby indulg$ 9 by b few2 !re are1 h[ev]1 _m s+le examples includ$ 9 h\sehold curios1 & n infrequ5tly sev]al h&somely engrav$ old wat* cases are se5 exhibit$ 9 ! mod]n glass-topp$ curio tables s fa%ionable 9 tw5tie?-c5tury draw+-rooms--n[ & !n ! int]e/ 9 !m be+ increas$ by ! musical bells ( ! repeat]s1 _m ( :i* 7 made a c5tury or m ago4 ,wat* ,keys4 ,keyless wat*es h be5 inv5t$ )9 ! memory ( mo/ ( u2 x is obvi\s1 !re=e1 t old wat*es 7 suppli$ ) old keys1 _m ( :i* 7 curi\s 9 =m4 ,! collector 9 se>* ( a small gr\p ( collectable curios f9ds ! wat* key an excell5t v>iety on :i* to specialize4 ,:5 l>g] clocks 7 supplem5t$ by ! pocket wat*1 ! loose key ) :i* to w9d x up naturally took ! =m ( ! l>g] clock keys4 ,su* keys soon became m ornam5tal1 = !y 7 ei!r c>ri$ 9 ! pocket or atta*$ to a *atela9e or bun* ( keys2 _m ( ! b[s 7 modell$ on ! patt]n ( o!r keys on ! bun*4 ,9 ! accompany+ illu/ration1 ,fig4 #hg1 "s little idea may be =m$ ( ! e>ly developm5ts4 ,! ?ree keys 9 ! upp] r[ are ( ! clock-w9d] type1 %[+ ! gradual improvem5t 9 _! =mation4 ,!n came a developm5t ( ! metal keys1 mo/ly ( brass1 ! engrav+ & modell+ ( ! key itself be+ improv$1 ! ornam5tation be+ supplem5t$ by enamell+4 ,! wat* key ultimately became v ornate1 = ! m preci\s metals 7 gradually introduc$1 & ri* enamels1 r>e gems & /ones1 & ,w$gwood cameos 7 add$4 ,p9*beck metal 0 v mu* us$ = wat* keys1 ! fob seals rema9+ 9 fa%ion until knee bree*es w5t out4 ,"s ( ! ,fr5* keys are extremely decorative1 & _m cut & poli%$ /eel keys are wor? collect+4 ,x is said t ,switz]l& is "o ( ! happy hunt+-gr\nds ( ! wat*-key collector1 b !re are _m curio %ops1 bo? on ! ,cont95t & 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e fancy keys c be b\ght /ill at reasonable prices4 ,9 "s localities special designs & metal h be5 made4 ,?us x is said t 9 ,holl& ! silv] keys ( l>ge size 7 long fav\r$1 & _m ( ^! are /ill on sale4 ,ano!r special feature ab\t ^! curios is t mak]s at "o "t specializ$ on trade emblems1 & x is q possible to get toge!r an int]e/+ collection repres5t+ ! attributes ( musicians1 but*]s1 bak]s1 & horticulturi/s1 "o signify+ ! latt] indu/ry be+ %[n 9 ,fig4 #hg1 t on ! left-h& corn] ( ! l[] r[ be+ fa%ion$ 9 ! =m ( a spade & a rake4 ,wat* ,/&s4 ,!re are "s v qua9t old wood wat* /&s us$ *iefly z ! tempor>y home ( ! wat* at night1 al?\gh "s seem to h be5 p]man5tly us$ by ^? :o possess$ a second wat*4 ,"s ( ! wood c>v+s 7 cov]$ ) old gilt2 o!rs 7 reliev$ 9 col\rs4 ,"s 7 classic 9 design2 o!rs 7 l ! little ,fr5* clocks ( ! ,empire p]iod4 ,"s 7 %ap$ l musical in/rum5ts1 & o!rs ( m elaborate =ms ( decoration repres5t ,m]cury & ,h]cules support+ ! wat* /&4 ,"s ( ! mo/ beautiful are made ( ,fr5* lacqu] & ornam5t$ 9 ! ,v]nis ,m>t9 /yle4 ,to ^! may be add$ wat* /&s ( m>ble1 & curi\s inlays1 ( papi]-ma*e & japann$ w>es1 & "s ( brass & bronze4 ,,xv ,,musical ,,in/rum5ts ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,musical ,,in/rum5ts ,e>ly examples--,:i/les & pipes--,viol9s & h>ps4 ,!re are few homes )\t "s old musical in/rum5ts1 indicat+ t at "o "t or o!r "o or m memb]s ( ! family h be5 musical4 ,!re is a sadness ab\t ! discov]y ( a long-neglect$ in/rum5t1 tell+ ( ! break+ up ( ! old home or ( an abs5t "o ^: in/rum5t has be5 *]i%$ 9 memory ( happy mom5ts :5 h>moni\s s\nds & beautiful music 7 drawn f ! n[ long-neglect$ piano1 h>p1 or viol94 ,to its own] a simple flute or bugle is probably ( z mu* value z an old piano1 al?\gh ! m important in/rum5t may be m valuable z a curio & antique4 ,!re are "s old in/rum5ts :i* increase 9 value1 su*1 = in/ance1 z viol9s made ye>s ago by ma/]s ( con/ructional art1 = !y h become mell[ ) age1 &1 l ! bells ( "s old p>i% *ur*1 n[ give out ri* & yet s(t notes :5 h&l$ by a ma/] h&4 ,! /ory ( ! developm5t ( ! piano f ! v e>ly prototypes is an en*ant+ !me to ! lov] ( music1 = !re is a f> remove f ! mod]n pian(orte1 & /ill new] play] piano to ! virg9al1 h>psi*ord1 & sp9et :i* may occasionally be f\nd among ! curios ( ! h\sehold4 ,e>ly ,examples4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury1 :5 musical notation came into be+1 a mono*ord 0 us$ to tea* s++4 ,! clavi*ord foll[$ 9 due c\rse1 & by a rapid process ( developm5t regals1 organs1 & virg9als evolv$4 ,! virg9al1 al?\gh di/9ct1 0 associat$ ) ! sp9et1 :i* ) ! lat] h>psi*ord may be f\nd 9 h\ses :i* h be5 b little di/urb$ s9ce ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 9 t c5tury t ! piano came1 b n until x 0 well advanc$1 = 9 an old playbill ( ,cov5t ,g>d5 ,!atre1 publi%$ 9 #agfg1 x 0 ann\nc$ t ,miss ,brickl] w s+ a fav\rite song f ,judi?1 accompani$ by ,mr4 ,dibd9 on a new in/rum5t call$ ! piano =te4 ,( su* in/rum5ts & ( e>li] types !re are _m f9e examples 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 9 ! ,royal ,scotti% ,museum1 & 9 ! ,crosby-,br[n ,collection 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,9 ,fig4 #hi is se5 a beautiful sp9et 9 excell5t condition4 ,:i/les & ,pipes4 ,x is said by ! expon5ts ( arti/ic furni%+ & decoration t no home c be complete )\t music1 = x gives an atmosph]e ( art :i* no?+ else c imp>t2 & c]ta9ly a collection ( h\sehold curios _c be complete )\t "s musical in/rum5t1 al?\gh b a humble example4 ,x may be a moot po9t among collectors :e!r ! insignificant :i/le or primitive call c be reg>d$ z suffici5tly musical to rank 9 ?is category4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t x is "o ( ! commone/ ( s\nd produc]s2 if !re is a boy 9 ! home !re is almo/ sure to be a :i/le 9 ! h\se4 ,few tr\ble ab\t ! sci5tific explanation ( ! s\nd produc$ by ?is common in/rum5t1 b exp]ts tell u t ! s\nd comes because cond5sations occur by ! collision ( air aga9/ ! cutt+ edge plac$ 9 its pa?4 ,( antique :i/les !re are _m types1 ^? %[n 9 ,fig4 #ij be+ ! mo/ frequ5tly met )4 ,! "o m>k$ ,d is said to be an attempt to increase ! volume ( s\nd by ! ext5sion ( a cutt+ edge4 ,a d\ble s\nd is produc$ by t m>k$ ,f1 :]eas ,a is ( ! m famili> type1 ! example illu/rat$ be+ an ivory :i/le us$ upw>ds ( a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,f ! :i/le came ! t9 pipe capable ( produc+ tunes 9 ! h&s ( a skilful play]4 ,! :i/le & pipe 7 9 old5 times associat$ ) coa*+ days & inns4 ,at "o "t x 0 cu/om>y = a :i/le to be atta*$ to ! h&les ( spoons us$ on inn tables4 ,?ir/y travell]s blew ! :i/le :5 refre%m5t 0 requir$1 & f t cu/om we get ! common expression1 ,y may :i/le = x4 ,! horn1 too1 0 a fav\rite in/rum5t1 & v necess>y 9 days gone by1 :5 x s]v$ _m useful purposes4 ,! horn is probably ! mo/ anci5t ( all w9d in/rum5ts4 ,x 0 us$ at ! ,jewi% fea/ ( ! ,atonem5t1 & ! ,romans us$ x = signall+ purposes1 _! infantry c>ry+ circul> bronze horns4 ,!re is an int]e/+ popul> fable t horns 7 fir/ introduc$ into ,we/]n ,europe by ! ,crusad]s2 b t is incorrect1 9 t bronze horns h be5 f\nd 9 prehi/oric b>r[s4 ,! horn 0 commonly us$ = summon+ ! folk mote 9 ,saxon times1 & 9 q e>ly days horns s\nd$ 9 ,engli% homes on ! arrival ( gue/s4 ,! hunt+ horn 0 f\nd 9 e h\se ( importance 9 m$iaeval times1 & 9 ! sixte5? c5tury x _h become semicircul>4 ,great compos]s te/ify to ! value ( ! horn 9 in/rum5tal music1 ,h&el & ,moz>t writ+ pieces specially adapt$ = its use4 ,"s v qua9t old flutes are f\nd among h\sehold in/rum5ts1 ! orig9 ( ! primitive pipe or flute be+ lo/ 9 ! mi/s ( antiquity4 ,among h\sehold curios old flutes beautifully inlaid /[$ away 9 antique lea!r cases are int]e/+ relics ( =m] days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4 ,,old ,,sp9et4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,phillips1 ( ,hit*947 ,viol9s & ,h>ps4 ,to _m ! *ief *>m ( old in/rum5ts is f\nd 9 ! delici\s tones & notes produc$ by an old viol91 :i*1 if ! "w ( a well-kn[n mak]1 comm&s a fancy price2 among ! mo/ valuable be+ an au!ntic ,/radiv>ius4 ,_m old ,engli% viol9s 7 made 9 ,soho 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 = t 0 ! c5tre ( ! trade1 al?\gh 9 /ill e>li] days viol9 mak]s work$ 9 ,piccadilly4 ,9 ,soho1 too1 horns1 trumpets1 drums1 & guit>s 7 made4 ,! guit>1 b 9 slightly alt]$ =m1 0 ! popul> home in/rum5t play$ ^u by ,greek & ,roman maid5s4 ,_m ( ! e>li] ,european lutes 7 9 reality guit>s4 ,"s beautifully inlaid specim5s are occasionally met )4 ,( ^! !re are _m v>ieties 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum2 among !m !re is a guit> lyre1 on :i* is a mask ( ,apollo1 an exact imitation ( ! lyre ( ! ,anci5ts1 :i* 0 =m]ly us$ by a memb] ( ! ,pr9ce ,reg5t's ,b& at ! ,royal ,aqu>ium1 ,brighton4 ,!re is "o o!r in/rum5t :i* ranks high among ! musical in/rum5ts ( old5 "t f\nd 9 ,briti% homes4 ,x is ! h>p1 he>d to p]fection 9 ! draw+-room & ! conc]t hall--an in/rum5t ^u :i* su* beautiful melodies c be produc$4 ,!re are _m pretty leg5ds ab\t ! h>p he>d ) su* delight & yet sup]/iti\s awe by ! ,vik+s1 :o1 on _! return f ,brita91 told ( ! my/]i\s %ores :]e m]maids ( great beauty 7 said to rise f ! seas1 &1 sitt+ ^u ! foam-la%$ rocks1 play$ ^u _! h>ps music ( sweete/ s\nd4 ,am]ican collectors to-day pay l>ge sums = g5u9e ,iri% h>ps1 :i* diff] some:at 9 size & =m f ^? ^u :i* ,wel% maid5s play$4 ,!re are /ill a few su* anci5t in/rum5ts to be met ) 9 ,irel& & ,wales4 ,( m9or in/rum5ts !re is n mu* to say--all are int5sely int]e/+ :5 !y c>ry ) !m memories ( =m] own]s1 = !y are v]itable mem5toes ( home amusem5ts1 pleasures1 & delights4 ,,xvi ,,play ,,& ,,sport ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,play ,,& ,,sport ,dolls--,toys--,old games--,outdoor amusem5ts--,relics ( sport4 ,x w\ld appe> t !re h be5 amusem5ts at all p]iods ( ! _w's hi/ory1 & t ev]y:]e "w & play h gone h& 9 h& toge!r4 ,! occupations ( ! nurs]y h be5 an int]mixture ( lessons & play2 amusem5ts1 al?\gh n always ( an elevat+ or educative "*1 h = ! mo/ "p t5d$ to develop & =m ! m9d1 z well z /r5g!n ! body4 ,recreation has play$ an important "p 9 ! upbr++ ( *ild & man1 & :5 abs5t ! advance has be5 ret>d$4 ,! y\? ( all ages has f\nd "t = games & sports1 :i* h enliv5$ ! duties ( manhood & womanhood by physical & m5tal pleasures4 ,ev5 z age creeps on1 m5 & wom5 less5 ! monotony ( daily toil by indulg+ 9 indoor games & outside sports1 suitable to _! age & incl9ations4 ,z few games c be play$ or sport engag$ 9 )\t accessories1 x is n surpris+ t _m relics ( ! play & sport ( pa/ g5]ations are to be met )4 ,"s ( ! appliances & app>atus :i* 7 acquir$ 9 ! pursuit ( ^! pleasures h become ( antiqu>ian value1 = _m ( !m are curi\s & repres5t amusem5ts almo/ =gott54 ,o!rs tell ( ! /eady survival ( ! olde/ games & amusem5ts1 b %[ ! developm5ts & alt]ations :i* h gone on 9 ! me?ods ( play+ or 9 ! appliances :i* h be5 inv5t$ to enhance ! int]e/ 9 ^? delights4 ,^! *anges are se5 m especially 9 sports & games ( skill4 ,z an in/ance1 we may take "o ( ! great manly sports1 t ( hunt+ game1 a cu/om surviv+ f days :5 ?is ,engl& ( ours 0 a wild & uncultivat$ =e/ & swamp1 full ( /range birds & _m wild animals roam$ !re94 ,! fl9t-po9t$ arr[ ( primitive man 0 b ! beg9n+ 9 ! evolution ( arms4 ,9 ! relics ( ^! =m] plays & sports !re is mu* to admire1 & _m objects to collect4 ,!re is some?+ v pa!tic ab\t ! h\sehold relics ( ! playroom & ! nurs]y4 ,_m little articles ( clo?+ & valueless toys & tr9kets are reta9$ by a fond "m ye>s aft] h] (fspr+ has gr[n up4 ,!y rem9d h] ( h] e>ly m>ri$ life1 & v (t5 ( *ildr5 :o h play$ 9 ! nurs]y b :o nev] liv$ to gr[ up4 ,^! pa!tic relics h be5 c>efully pres]v$ = at lea/ "o g5]ation4 ,!n _! associations h be5 =gott51 & ^? into ^: h&s !y fall probably "k no?+ ( _! orig92 to !m !y are m]ely curios4 ,a sympa!tic feel+ may h induc$ a new own] to reta9 !m = a little :ile long]1 al?\gh ( no great intr9sic value2 b (t5] ?an n !y h be5 kept z connect+ l9ks betwe5 ! old & ! new1 & ?us !y h be5 h&$ on until _! age alone w\ld make !m collectable curios 9 ?is day ( rev]5ce = all ?+s old6 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij4--;,,curi\s ,,types ,,( ,,:i/les4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ia4--,,qua9t ,,old ,,toy4 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,phillips1 ( ,hit*947 ,!re has be5 a rem>kable sequ5ce 9 ! toys ( *ildr5 ( all g5]ations1 & ( races f> ap>t4 ,! same games h be5 play$1 & ! same toys us$4 ,n[ & !n a *ild m c>eful ?an usual pres]ves 8 or h] toys :5 gr[n to man's or woman's e/ate2 b su* collections are r>e4 ,!re are "s not$ collections1 h[ev]1 :i* h pass$ into ! range ( museum curios1 gr\p$ toge!r z repres5tative ( ! p]iod :5 !y 7 play$ )--au!ntic records ( ! play?+s ( t day4 ,9 ,fig4 #ia !re is a rem>kable old toy n[ 9 ! div]sifi$ collection ( h\sehold curios & antique furniture ( ,mr4 ,phillips1 ( ! ,manor ,h\se1 ,hit*94 ,dolls4 ,probably ! commone/ toy is ! doll1 :i* *ildr5 h ev] reg>d$ z ! ideal play?+4 ,! mat]nal in/9ct is /rong 9 ! y\nge/ girl1 & dolls are (t5 look$ ^u z some?+ m ?an m]e toys4 ,!y are talk$ to1 play$ )1 & treat$ z if !y 7 human be+s4 ,_! realism1 at fir/ imag9$1 seems to h gr[n up ) _! long use until a p]sonality surr\nds ea* "o ( ! dolls 9 ! nurs]y4 ,n[ & !n a qua9t doll is treasur$ z hav+ be5 ! play?+ ( m ?an "o g5]ation1 especially s ! old wood5 ,dut* dolls1 /rong & la/+1 :i* h 9 "s in/ances be5 h&$ on z play?+s1 almo/ z family heirlooms4 ,! mo/ fam\s collection ( dolls play$ ) by "o *ild1 & yet dress$ to cov] almo/ e p]iod ( ,engli% hi/ory--a v]itable hi/ory ( co/ume--is t fam\s collection 9 ! ,london ,museum1 consi/+ ( dolls dress$ by & = ! late ,que5 ,victoria1 :o1 d\btless1 _h unique opportunities ( copy+ correctly ! co/umes ( ! ,c\rt1 & ( o!rs less high 9 social /atus1 dur+ ! reigns ( ! ,engli% sov]eigns :o _h prec$$ h]4 ,few1 if any1 c hope to possess su* a repres5tative collection2 !re are _m :o c f9d1 h[ev]1 curi\sly dress$ dolls :i* are v helpful 9 le>n+ some?+ ( local co/umes & useful in/ructors 9 rese>* aft] ! habits & occupations ( p :o may h liv$ 9 places & di/ricts little kn[n to ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,"s *ildr5's toys are mu* old] ?an !y appe> at fir/ sight to be1 = _m v simil> play?+s 7 f\nd 9 ! playrooms ( boys & girls :o liv$ two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,!re are ! dolls & qua9t little figures play$ ) by ,greek & ,roman *ildr54 ,among ! m famili> objects 7 little wood5 tortoises1 ducks1 & pigs4 ,"s 7 clev]ly c>v$ out ( wood1 & ! arms & legs ( dolls mov$1 mu* ! same z ! ,dut* dolls ( lat] days4 ,^? *ildr5 _h *>iots & horses ( metal mu* ! same z *ildr5 h lead5 soldi]s n[4 ,!y trundl$ hoops ( bronze1 9 "s ( !m bells be+ plac$ 9 ! c5tre1 r++ z !y ran along4 ,"s ( ! toys ( ^! little ,roman & ,greek maid5s & y\?s 7 v elaborate1 & mu/ h belong$ to ! *ildr5 ( ! weal?y1 :o1 l mod]n p>5ts1 gave pres5ts to !m on "n days4 ,toys h always s]v$ ! d\ble purpose ( amusem5t & education4 ,ye>s be=e k9d]g>t5 me?ods 7 adopt$--al?\gh unkn[n1 probably1 to p>5ts--sci5tific & philosophic toys 7 do+ good "w1 & driv+ home elem5t>y tru?s4 ,!re 7 curi\s cyl9drical mirrors1 ! inevitable kaleidoscope1 & ! wat] imps1 an amus+ toy1 = ! imps1 ins]t$ 9 a b[l or bottle ( wat]1 bobb$ ab\t 9 a curi\s way :5 ! india-rubb] cap :i* cov]$ ! neck 0 press$ & manipulat$ by ! f+]s4 ,! mod]n picture !atre1 ) all its attractions to gr[n-up folks1 0 =e%ad[$ 9 ! v primitive magic lant]n1 :i* ?rew a cl\dy disc & an almo/ undisc]nible picture1 by ! aid ( an evil-smell+ oil lamp1 on an old %eet hung up 9 ! nurs]y4 ,old ,games4 ,!re are _m curios rem9d+ u ( indoor games & w9t] amusem5ts n[ obsolete1 & ( ! *ange :i* has gone on 9 games /ill play$4 ,:5 we recall ! numb] ( new games :i* h be5 introduc$ dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury1 x is surpris+ h[ few h surviv$4 ,new games come & g1 & _! accessories are disc>d$ z b toys ( ! mom5t4 ,mo/ ( ! popul> games are ^? :i* h be5 h&$ d[n ?r\gh\t ! ages1 _m ( !m ( great antiquity1 especially sci5tific games & games ( skill4 ,among ^! games1 or r ! app>atus = play+ !m1 are (t5 curios1 = !y are q diff]5t to & (t5 m decorative ?an ^? us$ 9 play+ simil> games to-day4 ,we are accu/om$ to pla9 lea!r or wood *ess & draught bo>ds & ! regulation patt]ns ( ! m5 n[adays1 b =m]ly mu* "t 0 exp5d$ 9 decorat+ & enri*+ *ess bo>ds & m54 ,! bo>ds (t5 s]v$ o!r purposes too1 _m be+ beautifully inlaid & rev]sible2 ?us ! old] game bo>ds 7 fitt$ ) slides = backgammon1 provision be+ made = *ess1 m]elles1 & fox & geese1 ! oak ( :i* !y 7 (t5 made be+ reliev$ ) ri* m>quet]ie 7t>sia7 ( ebony1 ivory1 & silv]4 ,x is n (t5 t a collection ( old *essm5 is f\nd among h\sehold curios1 al?\gh x 0 n uncommon to discov] among sundry ivory c>v+s a few odd pieces :i* _h be5 secur$ on acc\nt ( _! beautiful c>v+4 ,9 ,india & ,*9a "s v rem>kable *essm5 h be5 produc$4 ,! orig9 ( ! game is lo/ 9 antiquity1 al?\gh x 0 play$ 9 ! ,ea/ at a v e>ly p]iod4 ,x is said to h be5 introduc$ into ,spa9 f ,arabia1 & to h be5 play$ by ! ,h9dus m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry be=e ! ,norman ,conque/4 ,"s few ye>s ago a v rem>kable collection ( *essm51 su* z may be se5 9 isolat$ sets or /ill m frequ5tly repres5t$ by s+le pieces 9 cab9ets ( old ivories1 0 disp]s$ "u ! hamm] 9 a ,london sal]oom4 ,!re 7 ,*9ese sets 9 r$ & :ite1 wond]ful figures /&+ ^u conc5tric balls2 antique ,p]sian sets 9 cream-col\r$ ivory decorat$ 9 col\rs & gold1 k+s & que5s on elephants1 knights on horses1 & bi%ops on camels2 ,burmese sets ) royal p]sonages seat$ on *airs ( /ate2 & "s v rem>kable ,engli% porcela91 ,w$gwood w>e1 & ,m9ton pott]y sets4 ,sev]al f9ds ( ,sc&9avian *essm51 made1 probably1 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 h be5 made 9 ! isl& ( ,lewis4 ,f ^! & o!r sets met ) 9 o!r places mu* has be5 le>n$ ab\t ! evolution 9 ! game4 ,! que5 does n appe> to h be5 introduc$ into ! game until ! elev5? c5tury4 ,! ca/le has und]gone _m *anges2 its old] "n ( rook 0 d]iv$ f ! ,p]sian ^w rokh1 a h]o4 ,no d\bt all ! pieces 7 !n c>v$ p]sonalities1 well und]/ood f k+ to pawn4 ,9 ! mod]n =ms ( ,/aunton & ,london ,club patt]ns ! knight alone reta9s its semblance 9 ! horse's head--a poor sub/itute = ! beautifully c>v$ w>rior on horseback se5 9 "s ( ! old] sets4 ,draughts1 or dames1 is also a game ( antiquity2 & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re is a set said to date back to ! ,saxon p]iod4 ,"s ( ! old bo>ds are int]e/+ relics1 & ! sets ( c>v$ draughtsm51 n[ sc>ce1 are beautiful works ( art4 ,backgammon is "o ( ! old] k9dr$ games1 frequ5tly play$ on ! int]ior ( ! *ess bo>d :i* 0 = t purpose m>k$ ) twelve po9ts or fle*es 9 alt]nate col\rs4 ,9 ?is game dice 7 us$1 & "s ( ! old dice cups are v prettily decorat$4 ,cribbage play$ ) c>ds & a bo>d is said to be ess5tially an ,engli% game4 ,"s v rem>kable cribbage bo>ds 7 made _m ye>s ago1 _m ( metal1 o!rs ( wood & ivory2 "o exceptionally int]e/+ piece1 a brass cribbage bo>d1 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 is engrav$3 ,,mr4 ,,*ri/r ,,elliott ,,at ,,w9borr[ ,,gre51 ,,sussex #agfh4 ,c>ds1 ( :i* !re are s _m curi\s types among ! old examples f\nd 9 _m homes1 7 introduc$ into ! ,we/ ( ,europe f ! ,ea/ ab\t ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,at fir/ !y 7 h& drawn & col\r$1 !n pr9t$ f wood blocks1 be+ subsequ5tly pr9t$ f blocks & plates engrav$ on ! types :i* 7 gradually /&>diz$4 ,"s v int]e/+ collections ( old c>ds h be5 made1 "o ( ! mo/ complete be+ t ( ,lady ,*>lotte ,s*reib]1 n[ 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,pr9ts & ,draw+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 ! days :5 c>d play+ 0 at its height _m f9e brass c\nt] trays & curi\s c>d trays 7 fa%ion$ 9 brass & copp]4 ,"s ( ^! may v well be collect$1 & are suitable receptacles = old metal c\nt]s1 ( :i* !re are _m v>ieties4 ,"s ( ^! c\nt]s 7 made by ! dies9k]s :o help$ tradesm5 to provide !mselves ) tok5 *ange1 & !y be> a /rik+ resemblance to ! contempor>y metallic curr5cy4 ,o!rs 7 *iefly h& engrav$1 & (t5 sold 9 small metal & silv] boxes1 ^? dat+ f ! "t ( ,que5 ,anne be+ ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,! mo/ popul> c>d c\nt]s 9 ! e>ly days ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 7 brass copies ( ! spade-ace gold gu9ea1 :i* !y closely resembl$1 & x is fe>$1 :5 gilt1 7 n infrequ5tly palm$ (f z g5u9e gold4 ,outdoor ,amusem5ts4 ,! outdoor games practis$ :5 h\sehold curios 7 be+ fa%ion$ necessitat$ few] accessories ?an su* games d to-day1 & _m ( !m 7 crude & obvi\sly ! "w ( amateurs4 ,yet ! same games 7 be+ play$ & possibly enjoy$ z mu*1 al?\gh ! sport 0 r\gh]6 ,:5 we ?9k ( w9t] amusem5ts 9 ! pa/ someh[ we conjure up pictures ( h>d fro/s & crisp sn[1 al?\gh ra91 damp1 & fog 7 probably frequ5t visitors 9 ,old ,engl&4 ,"s ( ! games c be trac$ back to v e>ly days--su*1 = in/ance1 z skat+1 _m anci5t skates hav+ be5 f\nd4 ,!re is a rem>kable contra/ betwe5 ! beautifully made skates n[ us$ on ! comp>atively r>e occasions :5 ! ice be>s & ! roll] skates us$ all ! ye> r\nd1 to ^? curi\s bone skates1 s v primitive 9 _! con/ruction1 examples ( :i* are to be f\nd 9 sev]al local museums4 ,9 ! ,hull ,museum1 among ! ,m>ket ,weighton antiquities1 !re is a *oice collection f ,ea/ ,york%ire2 "o1 made f ! cannon bone ( a horse1 is smoo? & well poli%$1 hav+ se5 "s active use1 evid5tly belong+ to "s skat] 9 ! fifte5? or sixte5? c5tury4 ,! bone skates 7 fa/5$ on to ! feet mu* ! same z metal skates1 b !y _h no cutt+ edges1 & consequ5tly ! skat] c>ri$ a /ick %od ) an iron po9t1 & by its aid propell$ himself =w>d4 ,fitz/eph51 writ+ 9 ! "t ( ,edw>d ,,ii1 describes ! ponds at ,moorfields :]e ! citiz5s ( ,london skat$4 ,! ponds h long be5 dri$ up & built ov]2 x is !re1 h[ev]1 :]e1 dur+ excavations1 "s v f9e examples ( ! old bone skates h be5 f\nd4 ,relics ( ,old ,sport4 ,among ! relics ( old sport met ) are ! curi\s & (t5 beautifully embroid]$ hoods ( :ite lea!r us$ 9 ! days ( hawk+4 ,^! pretty little hoods1 :i* 7 plac$ ov] ! head ( ! hawk :5 c>ri$ on ! wri/ to ! hunt+ field1 7 (t5 embroid]$ 9 panels & furni%$ ) braces = ty+ r\nd ! hawk's head4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re is a curi\s silv] lock-r+ = a hawk engrav$ ) arms & own]'s "n1 app>5tly ( sev5te5?-c5tury workman%ip4 ,no d\bt ! real purport ( su* curios is (t5 ov]look$1 = n infrequ5tly hawks' hoods h be5 f\nd among/ old dolls' clo?+1 hav+ be5 giv5 to *ildr5 9 lat] ye>s z play?+s4 ,guns1 ,pi/ols1 & ,flasks4 ,ea/]n weapons h be5 br\ght ov] to ?is c\ntry 9 l>ge numb]s1 "s ( !m v anci5t4 ,x is said t among "s ( ! ,arab tribes x is no uncommon ?+ to meet ) swords & dagg]s ( antique =m1 ri*ly damasc5$1 & sometimes ) jewell$ hilts1 made a ?\s& ye>s or m ago1 & a few ye>s ago ,crusad]s' relics c\ld be met ) 9 ! ,ea/4 ,_m ( ^! knives h silica blades1 "s ( ! h&les be+ ( jade4 ,^? ( grey jade are (t5 pique ) gold1 o!rs1 ( ivory1 be+ inlaid ) jewels4 ,!re is n v mu* to int]e/ 9 old guns ( ,engli% make1 = few f\nd 9 h\ses date back beyond ! comm5cem5t ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,among !m1 h[ev]1 are fl9t-locks & "h & !re an old :eel-lock4 ,! pi/ols met ) among h\sehold curios are (t5 h&some & h be5 pres]v$ 9 lea!r cases1 c>efully /[$ away4 ,"s ( !m record ! days ( duell+1 o!rs ! dang]s ( ! road1 :5 highway robb]s lurk$ 9 e wood1 & _m a family coa* 0 waylaid & its occupants robb$ ( _! jewels & _! purses ( gold4 ,to ^? int]e/$ 9 sport+1 & famili> ) ! bree*-load+ guns ( ! pres5t day1 mu* int]e/ atta*es to ! old p[d] flasks :i* 7 once necess>y accompanim5ts ( sportsm54 ,!re are _m beautifully engrav$1 emboss$1 & decorat$ flasks 9 museums1 "s ( ! e>ly sev5te5?-c5tury specim5s be+ made ( boxwood1 o!rs ( ivory1 frequ5tly ornam5t$ ) hunt+ sc5es4 ,9 ,fig4 #ib is %[n a curi\s fl9t-lock p[d] te/]1 !n also reg>d$ z "o ( ! ess5tial accessories ( ! sportsman's outfit4 ,! copp] p[d] flask illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ic is n[ 9 ! ,hull ,museum4 ,x is specially int]e/+ 9 t ! pla9 copp] "w is engrav$ 9 ! c5tre ) its orig9al own]'s monogram--,w ,r 9 script4 ,?is flask1 made ab\t ! ye> #agej1 0 evid5tly a keepsake1 = engrav$ r\nd ! circul> disc is ! leg5d ,keep ?is = ,joseph's sake4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton !re are "s m elaborate specim5s1 two ( :i* are illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #id4 ,!y are magnific5t examples ( metal rep\sse "w--a fav\rite decoration 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 copi$ 9 m inexp5sive =ms 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury by mak]s ( sport+ accessories1 :o /amp$ !m f dies & reproduc$ "s ( ! old hunt+ sc5es4 ,a review ( ! outdoor sports & relics ( =m] days w\ld sc>cely be complete )\t "s m5tion ( swords & rapi]s1 :i* 7 once commonly worn1 along ) pi/ols1 alas6 too frequ5tly 9 use :5 a ha/y ^w call$ =? a *all5ge to a duel4 ,_m ( ^! old swords are ru/y1 b !y frequ5tly %[ m>ks ( =m] use4 ,!y are ne$$ no long] by civilians 9 ?is c\ntry1 & take _! places 9 trophies ( arms1 =m+ important features 9 ! decorative curios ( ! h\sehold4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4--;,a ,,p[d] ,,te/]4 ,,fig4 #ic4--;,a ,,prim+ ,,flask4 7,9 ! ,municipal ,museum1 ,hull47 ,,xvii ,,miscellane\s ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,miscellane\s ,d[] *e/s--,m$ic9e *e/s--,old lacqu]--,! tool *e/--,egyptian curios--,anci5t spectacles--,curi\s *9aw>e--,g>d5 curios--,! m\nt+ ( curios--,obsolete h\sehold names4 ,!re are _m h\sehold curios :i* _c be classifi$ "u ! head+s ( ! =ego+ *apt]s4 ,!y repres5t well-kn[n features 9 e home1 & yet ea* little gr\p has an individuality ( its own4 ,"s may say t ! ma9 features ( h\se-furni%+ h be5 left out ( consid]ation1 & t !y are ! mo/ int]e/+ h\sehold curios :5 age & disuse h come ^u !m4 ,h\sehold furniture1 h[ev]1 has be5 fully dealt ) 9 ! ,*ats s]ies 9 ! two volumes entitl$ ,*ats on ,old ,engli% ,furniture1 & ,*ats on ,cottage & ,f>mh\se ,furniture1 to :i* books ^? int]e/$ 9 ! curiosities ( cab9et-mak+ & village c>p5try are ref]r$4 ,yet not)/&+ ! complet5ess ( ^? works !re are a few objects :i* h s entirely pass$ into ! range ( h\sehold curios1 & _! uses 7 s entirely ap>t f pres5t-day furniture1 t "s ( !m are specially not$ 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs1 toge!r ) a few o!r isolat$ antiques4 ,d[] ,*e/s4 ,if !re is "o piece ( furniture above ano!r t is surr\nd$ ) a halo ( romance1 surely x is ! d[] *e/6 ,we c picture ! incom+ ( ! c(f] 9 all ! newness ( h& poli%1 fre% f ! h&s ( ! village c>p5t] or ! reta9] :o _h wr\ght ! gn>l$ old oak gr[n on ! e/ate = a fav\rite daught] ( 8 "l--t *e/ :i* 0 to be pack$ full ( fragrant l951 betwe5 :i* 0 laid sweet lav5d]1 & ri*ly embroid]$ g>m5ts = ! bride1 :o1 ) h] p]sonal belong+s /[$ away !re91 0 to pass f ! p>5tal home to h] newly w$d$ & unkn[n life4 ,!re are anci5t *e/s full ( hi/oric memories1 su* z ^? 9 :i* ! weal? ( mon>*s has be5 /or$1 l t 9 ,kn>esbor\gh ,ca/le1 :i*1 accord+ to leg5d & "s ref]5ce 9 old de$s1 came ov] ) ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,9 ! ,ca/le ,museum !re is ano!r *e/ made = ,que5 ,philippa 9 #accc--;a v]itable d[] *e/4 ,"s ( ! old] *e/s h _h loops = poles by :i* !y c\ld be c>ri$ ab\t2 b su* 7 m correctly treasure *e/s4 ,! d[] *e/s usually rema9$ 9 ! home ( ! bride1 & 9 "t became h] receptacle = b$d+ & o!r h\sehold /ores1 ! little tray or corn] box = jewels & tr9kets be+ disus$ & ev5tually done away ) altoge!r4 ,! evolution ( ! *e/ until x became a cab9et or a *e/ ( draw]s is a /ory = ! lov] ( old furniture to tell1 b ! d[] *e/ 9 its e>li] =ms is a curio ri* 9 leg5d & folklore4 ,x may int]e/ ,am]ican read]s to record t _m ( ! olde/ specim5s 9 ! ,/ates 7 fir/ us$ z pack+ cases ( unusual /r5g?1 gifts f ! old folks at home1 :5 coloni/s 9 ,jacobean days cross$ ! ,atlantic4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ,am]ican craftsm5 copi$ !m & ma9ta9$ ! purity ( ! old ,engli% /yle long aft] ! mak]s ( ,engli% d[] *e/s _h be5 influ5c$ by ,dut* & ,fr5* design & inlay4 ,m$ic9e ,*e/s4 ,"s ( ! e>ly ,engli% m$ic9e *e/s1 ! f\ndation ( :i* is ( wood1 are cov]$ ) tape/ry1 o!rs ) gre5 sat91 sometimes ornam5t$ ) floral devices made ( puff$ sat91 ov]laid & outl9$ ) gold ?read4 ,m$ic9e *e/s v>i$ 9 size1 b few h\seholds 7 furni%$ )\t a fitt+ receptacle = home-made recipes = simple ailm5ts1 su* z 7 mu* resort$ to 9 ! pa/4 ,! *e/s 7 usually well fitt$ ) bottles & phials1 & ) glass /opp]s or silv] or pewt] tops4 ,_m ( ! m$ic9es _h be5 prescrib$ by local practition]s1 & 7 reg>d$ z sov]eign rem$ies to be us$ on all occasions2 o!rs 7 family recipes held 9 high repute4 ,9 su* *e/s !re 0 (t5 a draw] or comp>tm5t conta9+ ble$+ cups & lancet--a rem$y (t5 resort$ to :5 an illness c\ld n be diagnos$4 ,old ,lacqu]4 ,! beautiful r$ lacqu] "w is gett+ sc>ce1 al?\gh x has _h a long run1 = x is m ?an twelve hundr$ ye>s s9ce ! ,japanese le>n$ ! secret ( mak+ x f ! ,coreans1 :o 9 _! turn _h x f ! ,*9ese4 ,! secret ( produc+ 9 ,*9a & ,japan lacqu] :i* _c be imitat$ 9 o!r c\ntries lies 9 ! rhus v]nificif]a :i* fl\ri%es 9 ^? localities4 ,x is ! gum ( t tree commonly call$ ! lacqu]-tree1 :i* :5 tak5 fre% & appli$ to ! object x is int5d$ to lacqu] turns jet-black on exposure to ! sun1 dry+ ) great h>dness4 ,x w ?us be se5 t al?\gh ,fr5* & ,engli% lacqu]s h be5 v popul>1 ! imitation lacqu] appli$ c h nei!r ! effect nor ! durability ( ! natural gum :i* sets s h>d1 & 9 ! l>g] & m important objects c be appli$ aga9 & aga9 until q a dep? ( lacqu] is obta9$1 sometimes encru/$ ov] ) jewels & o!r mat]ials emb$d$ 9 x4 ,! be/ ,engli% lacqu] 0 made 9 ?is c\ntry betwe5 ! ye>s #afgj & #agaj1 & 0 a v successful imitation ( ! ,ori5tal4 ,at t "t & dur+ ! foll[+ c5tury v _m tea caddies1 trays1 scre5s1 tr9ket boxes1 & ev5 furniture1 7 import$2 & x 0 ^? :i* ,engli% workm5 copi$1 gradually increas+ ! v>iety ( h\sehold goods = :i* t mat]ial 0 s suitable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4--,,old ,,p[d] ,,flasks4 7,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,old ,engli% lacqu] diff]$ f ! m mod]n papi]-ma*e 9 t in/ead ( ! pulp be+ compos$ entirely ( pap]1 glu$ toge!r & press$1 x 0 compos$ ( a basis ( wood1 cov]$ ov] ) a black lacqu]1 on :i* ! design 0 pa9t$ 9 col\rs4 ,x 0 made "u consid]able difficulties1 9 t x _h to compete ) ! import$ ,ori5tal w>es :i* 7 made 9 ,*9a & ,japan "u m fav\rable natural conditions4 ,! art ( japann+ 0 reviv$ 9 ,engl& late 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & "s rem>kable pieces appe> to h be5 ! "w ( amateurs :o pa9t$ & gild$ s-call$ lacqu] "w1 tea caddies1 & jewell$ caskets4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! art ( japann+ 0 look$ ^u at "o "t z an accompli%m5t1 = ab\t ! ye> #agjj _m g5tlewom5 7 taught ! art4 ,fr5* arti/s took up ! ,ori5tal /yle1 & produc$ "s v successful lacqu] "w1 /rik+ out 9 an entirely di/9ct /yle1 :i*1 z ,v]nis ,m>t9 decoration1 became fam\s4 ,! v>ni% or lacqu] =m+ ! f\ndation = ^? delightful little pictures 0 n unlike 9 effect ! ,ori5tal lacqu] :i* to "s ext5t x 0 int5d$ to imitate4 ,9 ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury lacqu]+ z an art fell into disrepute1 & su* decorations 7 l>gely associat$ ) ! common] metal w>es1 /ov$ & lacqu]$ by ! s-call$ japann+ process c>ri$ out 9 ,birm+ham & o!r places1 al?\gh !re is n[ "s admiration %[n by collectors = small trays1 bread baskets1 c&le boxes1 & snuff] trays ( metal1 japann$ & decorat$ by h& 9 col\rs & mu* f9e gold p5cill+4 ,! ,tool ,*e/4 ,!re h be5 amateur me*anics 9 all ages1 & among ! h\sehold curios are _m old tools sugge/ive ( hav+ be5 made :5 ! c>p5t] _h pl5ty ( "t on 8 h&s to decorate 8 tools ) c>v+s1 & frequ5tly to make up 8 own kit4 ,?us old planes & braces 7 evid5tly ! "w ( m5 :o possess$ "s hum\r & skill1 too1 = "s ( ! c>v$ decoration is q grotesque4 ,!re is a f9e collection ( old tools made & us$ 9 ! sev5te5? & e>ly eighte5? c5turies on view 9 "o ( our museums4 ,!re is a c>p5t]'s pl\gh1 dat$ #agej1 m\ld+ planes & skew-m\!d filli/]s ( bee*wood1 & a r\t] plane ( c>v$ hornbeam4 ,! mod]n h& brace becomes m reali/ic1 & its orig9 und]/ood at a glance :5 we exam9e ! old h& brace ( turn$ & c>v$ boxwood1 dat$ #afdb1 9 t collection4 ,! "p :]e ! bit is fitt$ is lit]ally a h&1 c>v$ out ( solid wood1 & ! curi\s crank indicates an imag9>y twi/ 9 ! arm1 p]haps sugge/$ by "s c>p5t] :o 0 able to manipulate 8 tools 9 a way n commonly und]/ood1 ?us giv+ to future c>p5t]s a mo/ useful tool4 ,egyptian ,curios4 ,among ! collectable curios ( old h\seholds are _m antiquities f =eign l&s4 ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+1 9 t !y af=d u examples ( ! prototypes ( h\sehold antiques z !y 7 kn[n to a nation possess+ an e>ly civilization1 poli%1 & ref9em5t1 are ^? :i* h be5 discov]$ rec5tly 9 ,egyptian tombs4 ,"s repres5tative examples may be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,!re are toilet requisites includ+ mirrors1 combs1 & ev5 wigs & wig boxes1 z well z a glass tube = /ibium or eye pa9t4 ,!re are ivory pill[s or head re/s1 models ( ! gho/ly boats ( ! und]world1 & a va/ v>iety ( *ildr5's toys1 includ+ wood5 dolls ) /r+s ( mud beads to repres5t hair1 porcela9 elephants1 & wood5 cats2 & !re are *ildr5's balls made ( blue glaz$ porcela91 & ( lea!r /uff$ ) *opp$ /raw4 ,!re are _m games & amusem5ts1 su* z /one draught bo>ds1 & draughtsm5 9 porcela9 & wood4 ,!re are bells ( bronze & "s rem>kable musical in/rum5ts l a h>p1 ! body ( :i* is 9 ! =m ( a woman2 & !re are re$ flutes & :i/les & cymbals su* z 7 c>ri$ by prie/esses4 ,!re are curi\s ivory amulets1 qua9tly c>v$ spoons1 ivory boxes1 & ev5 !atre tickets4 ,necklaces & p5dants & o!r articles ( adornm5t are pl5tiful1 = ! ,egyptian maid5s possess$ mu* jewell]y--bracelets1 r+s1 & necklaces4 ,"o v exceptionally f9e relic ( ?is f>-(f age is a toilet box complete ) vases ( ungu5ts1 eye pa9t1 comb1 & bronze %ell on :i* to mix ungu5ts1 & o!r tr9kets4 ,_m su* antiquities f9d _! way into museums & private collections ( h\sehold curios1 & are useful & int]e/+ = purposes ( comp>ison1 tell+ ( cu/oms :i* *ange n1 & ( ! _m connect+ l9ks :i* exi/ betwe5 ! pa/ & ! pres5t4 ,anci5t ,spectacles4 ,x is truly a/oni%+ h[ _m anci5t spectacles1 :i* to collectors ( su* ?+s w\ld be v]itable treasures1 lie neglect$ & all[$ to knock ab\t until brok5 or o!rwise damag$4 ,^? mo/ly discov]$ are ! heavy brass & silv]-rimm$ spectacles ( ab\t "o hundr$ ye>s ago1 "s v int]e/+ specim5s ( :i* are to be se5 9 sev]al ( ! l>g] local museums4 ,spectacles are ( v respectable age1 al?\gh !y _c be trac$ back to ! anci5t peoples1 = ! ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 & ,romans1 not)/&+ t !y poli%$ glass & rock cry/al & possess$ mu* sci5tific lore1 7 ignorant ( _! use z aids to sight4 ,x is said t ! cr$it ( ! discov]y ( h[ to make use ( artificial aids to defective sight mu/ be accord$ to ,rog] ,bacon1 :o 9 8 book ,opus ,majus1 publi%$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 m5tion$ magnify+ glasses z be+ useful to old p to make !m see bett]4 ,true spectacles are said to h be5 fa%ion$ 9 #acag by ,salv9o degli ,armati1 a ,flor5t9e nobleman4 ,at fir/ !y 7 convex2 inde$1 no m5tion ( concave glasses = %ortsight$ p]sons 0 made until t[>ds ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,f t "t onw>d !re 7 developm5ts1 & among ! h\sehold curios are to be f\nd silv]1 brass1 & tortoise%ell rims1 & glasses ( m or less utility4 ,curi\s ,*9a ,w>e4 ,old *9a & pott]y h be5 fully dealt ) by _m speciali/ writ]s1 b !re are "s h\sehold curios made ( porcela91 *9a1 & e>!nw>e :i* _c be omitt$ f ?is survey ( h\sehold curios4 ,=emo/ among ^! are ! n[ sc>ce ,toby jugs1 made at s _m ( ! fam\s pott]ies4 ,9 a l>ge collection ! v>iations are at once recogniz$2 yet ! same idea seems to h run ?r\gh ! m9ds ( ! arti/s 9 fa%ion+ ^! jugs1 s ess5tially typical ( ! age 9 :i* !y 7 made & us$4 ,among ! ,sund]l& jugs are _m v>iations bo? 9 size & col\r+2 !y 7 ri* 9 col\rs1 too1 & look exce$+ly well on an old cab9et4 ,! posset cups ( silv] 7 supplem5t$ by tygs & posset cups & _m-h&l$ dr9k+ cups ( e>ly ,/af=d%ire make4 ,! br[n & yell[ slip decoration ( ?is w>e is a /rik+ *>act]i/ic4 ,all ! e>ly sev5te5?-c5tury ale dr9k+ cups l ! tygs _h h&les1 & 9 ^? days ( conviviality ! d\ble or multipli$ h&le s]v$ a useful purpose1 = ! vessels 7 9 use :5 x 0 ! cu/om ( ! ale-h\se = sev]al fri5ds to dr9k out ( "o vessel1 j z 9 m polite society & on public occasions ! lov+ cup 0 pass$ r\nd4 ,"s ( ! s-call$ portrait bu/s & /atuettes ( ! eighte5? c5tury are especially int]e/+ to collectors4 ,!re are figures to suit all2 musicians may delight 9 t ( ,h&el2 o!rs 9 ! bu/s ( ,wesley & ,:itfield2 explor]s 9 ! /atue ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 made ab\t #aggj1 & "s 9 t ( ,john ,wilks seat$ ne> an old column ( a /ill e>li] date4 ,!re is also a clev]ly modell$ figure ( ,ge(frey ,*auc]4 ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n gr\ps is t ( ! ,vic> & ,moses1 made by ,wood1 ( ,burslem4 ,g>d5 ,curios4 ,x is said t g>d5 craft1 l mo/ o!r =ms ( art1 came f ! ,ea/2 t ! cultivation ( g>d5s comm5c$ 9 ,egypt1 ,p]sia1 & ,assyria1 travell+ we/w>d ?r\gh ,greece & ,rome2 & 9 "s ( ! e>ly ,engli% g>d5s :i* horticulturi/s are s fond ( copy+ to-day !re are traces ( ,ea/]n influ5ce /ill rema9+4 ,al?\gh ! g>d5 is ! place :]e we expect to f9d fl[]s1 foliage1 & p]haps fruit & vegetables1 x has always be5 associat$ ) home life1 & "s ( ! *>ms ( dome/ic comrade%ip owe _! greatness to ! g>d5 & pleasance4 ,x has always be5 ! aim ( ! pr(essional & ! amateur g>d5] to furni% ! lawn & fl[]-b$s ) appropriate sett+s1 "s ( :i* h become v qua9t 9 ! eyes ( tw5tie?-c5tury horticulturi/s4 ,! ,egyptians _h _! trellis$ b[]s1 & _! t9y pools ( cle> wat]4 ,! ,greeks1 h[ev]1 7 =tunate 9 hav+ undulat$ & ev5 hilly gr\nd to cultivate1 & _! g>d5s 7 mu* m picturesque ?an ! level gr\nd ( ,egypt1 al?\gh ! ,ori5tals built t]races1 & by artificial means enhanc$ ! beauty ( _! g>d5s4 ,! adornm5t ( g>d5s ) /atu>y comes to u f ,greece1 & _m mod]n reproductions ( anci5t ,greek /atues are reg>d$ z ! curios ( ! mod]n g>d54 ,delightful1 inde$1 are "s ( ! /atuettes 9 /one & lead repres5t+ ,aphrodite & ! ,graces4 ,! ,roman g>d5s 7 magnific5t 9 _! m9iature temples1 replicas ( :i* are f\nd 9 ! old ,georgian summ]-h\ses1 su* z may be se5 at ,kew1 & 9 _m private gr\nds1 dat+ f t p]iod4 ,! ,romans 7 lov]s ( roses1 & _h _m *>m+ rose b[]s1 curi\sly & cunn+ly =m$4 ,! dawn ( g>d5+ on "s approv$ plan1 & !n ornam5t+ ! portions n cov]$ ) gre5]y1 began 9 mona/ic days4 ,! olde/ ( ! occupations ( civiliz$ man1 x 0 long held 9 high repute1 & _m wor?y m5 h pos$ z amateurs4 ,inde$1 !re h be5 ,royal g>d5]s1 among ! mo/ famili> be+ ,edw>d ,i & ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,f ,tudor times onw>d ! once wa/e l& 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ca/les & palaces 0 cultivat$1 & ! g>d5s ( ! nobility along ! ,/r& 9 ,london 7 full ( beautiful /onework & /atuettes4 ,a writ] 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 describ+ an ,engli% g>d5 ( 8 day1 wrote3 ,e g>d5 ( acc\nt ha? its fi% pond1 its maze1 & its sundials4 ,_m f9e old f\nta9s or m9iature fi%ponds rema91 & sundials are among ! curios associat$ ) ! outdoor life ( ! home4 ,! g>d5 h\ses ( ! eighte5? c5tury includ$ a b[l+ gre5 or c\rt1 view$ f ! t]race2 & t[>ds ! end ( t p]iod _m lead5 figures 7 ca/1 ! fav\rite be+ replicas ( ,roman /atu>y d$icat$ to su* deities z ,bac*us1 ,v5us1 ,neptune1 & ,m9]va4 ,^! lead /atues h be5 collect$ by deal]s dur+ ! la/ few ye>s4 ,"s ( !m are really v beautifully =m$1 al?\gh 9 _m in/ances ! we> & te> ( a c\ple ( c5turies has cov]$ !m ov] ) scrat*es & ind5tations4 ,a few ye>s ago lead /atues receiv$ little consid]ation f _! own]s1 & ! *ildr5 made !m t>gets = /one-?r[+4 ,!y are ?\ght m ( n[1 & at sev]al rec5t sales lead /atuettes & vases h sold = consid]able sums4 ,sometimes anci5t lead ci/]ns are se5 outside old h\ses2 _m ( ^! & ev5 ra9-wat] sp\t heads1 beautifully m\ld$ & ca/1 are among ! h\sehold curios = :i* !re is "s call among collectors4 ,! ,m\nt+ ( ,curios4 ,a miscellane\s assortm5t ( curios display$ )\t any reg>d to _! prop] sett+ has j ! same effect z a badly fram$ picture1 or a pa9t+ ) an inappropriate frame4 ,sundry curios may be made to look *>m+ :5 prop]ly %[n 9 a glass-topp$ table or a suitable case1 _! value z home ornam5ts be+ mat]ially increas$4 ,inde$1 !re are _m beautiful objects :i* look no?+ unless prop]ly fram$4 ,! ,w$gwood cameo gems s v>i$ & s v m9utely tool$ require prop] display2 accord+ to _! col\rs s %\ld !y be arrang$ on a velvet or clo? backgr\nd ) an ample m>g9 to sep>ate !m4 ,a gr\p ( m9iatures looks no?+ unless 9 suitable sett+ or m\nt4 ,mu* ( ! beauty ( old *9a is lo/ because x is simply laid out )\t a col\r s*eme4 ,a cup & sauc] look v mu* bett] :5 %[n on a /&1 s t ! sauc] c be se5 & e detail ( ! cup exam9$1 ! ri*ness ( ! col\r+ inside or out1 z ! case may be1 be+ ?r[n up by ! eboniz$ /& on :i* x is plac$4 ,c>v$ ivories %\ld c]ta9ly be %[n ) a d>k sett+4 ,9 a simil> way ,ori5tal plaques & ev5 small] plates ) light backgr\nds are set (f to ! be/ advantage :5 %[n 9 d>k ebony frames4 ,! ,ori5tals "k ! value ( framework p]haps m ?an any o!r p1 & among ! curios !y h s5t ov] to ?is c\ntry are appropriately c>v$ frames & /&s4 ,! almo/ priceless g+] j>s :5 plac$ ^u c>v$-wood /&s1 = :i* ! ,*9ese are s fam\s1 are beautiful inde$1 ! contra/ ( ! black & blue aga9/ ! black base be+ v /rik+4 ,inde$1 mu* ( ! c>v$ furniture ( ! ,ori5tals has be5 specially design$ z a framework = "m-o'-pe>l & gem ornam5ts4 ,! r>e jade c>v+s 9 black ebony scre5s1 & ! m>vell\s c>v+ ( ! l>g] scre5s are b appropriate sett+s to ! pa9t$ & ne$lework pictures s ri* 9 col\rs & gold4 ,9 ,fig4 #eg we illu/rate a v rem>kable piece 9 :i* ! arti/ has exp5d$ 8 wond]ful skill 9 provid+ a suitable /& or frame = a v beautiful e>ly porcela9 plate4 ,e detail ( ! c>v+ is wor?y ( close inspection4 ,?is beautiful piece 0 includ$ 9 a collection ( jade1 cloisonne enamels1 & c>v$ furniture ga!r$ toge!r 9 ,java "s ye>s ago by a well-kn[n collector ( ,*9ese & ,ori5tal curios4 ,n[ & !n su* pieces are to be se5 9 ! %ops ( ,we/ ,end deal]s4 ,b x w\ld be difficult inde$ to f9d "o s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*9ese c>v]'s art z ! "o %[n4 ,obsolete ,h\sehold ,names4 ,mo/ h\sehold goods & bo? useful & ornam5tal home appo9tm5ts us$ at ! pres5t "t are ! outcome ( progress & developm5t1 & _! names h *ang$ b little4 ,! *ange has be5 9 /yle1 mat]ial1 & manufacture r ?an 9 newness ( purpose4 ,x is true t 9 mod]n h\sehold economy "s ( ! pres5t-day h\sehold ut5sils are ! outcome ( mod]n inv5tion1 hav+ no simil>ity 9 =m to ! simpl] primitive contrivances :i* !y h sup]s$$4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! vacuum clean] has little 9 its appe>ance to associate x ) ! old-fa%ion$ c>pet bru%1 nei!r has ! mod]n knife clean] mu* 9 common ) ! old knife bo>d4 ,!re are "s articles1 h[ev]1 :i* h become q obsolete1 & _! names are fa/ disappe>+ f inv5tories ( h\sehold goods1 &1 l ! old] antiqu>ian relics1 are likely soon to be =gott54 ,9 ! =ego+ *apt]s m5tion has be5 made ( ! collectable objects ( h\sehold use1 dat+ f ! p]iod ( bronze to mod]n times1 & no d\bt !re are _m o!r articles :i* h entirely disappe>$ on acc\nt ( _! p]i%able nature1 or f _! v "*1 !re be+ no?+ to sugge/ _! ret5tion4 ,x may be useful = purposes ( ref]5ce to note ! foll[+ articles ( furniture1 kit*5 ut5sils1 & me*anical contrivances1 :i* 7 m5tion$ 9 a book publi%$ ab\t "o hundr$ ye>s ago--h\se furni%+s1 ab\t ! anci5t uses ( :i* we he> no?+ at ! pres5t "t4 ,,ample--,an o9tm5t box1 =m]ly c>ri$ by a m$ical man4 ,,apple-,,grate--,a sixte5?-c5tury cradle ( iron 9 :i* to roa/ apples4 ,,bomb>d--,a l>ge lea!rn bottle = c>ry+ be]2 a t]m also appli$ to anci5t ale-b>rels4 ,,cani/]--,! anci5t cani/] 0 a panni] or basket1 ! "n be+ appropriat$ to its mod]n use :5 tea came into ! m>ket4 ,,*af+-,,di%--,! "n appropriat$ to mod]n cook+ vessels 0 orig9ally appli$ to a di% ^u :i* p]fumes 7 burnt1 & 9 ,roman times 0 an ensign ( hon\r4 ,,comfit ,,boxes--,boxes divid$ into comp>tm5ts 9 :i* 7 r>e spices1 h&$ r\nd ) dess]t4 ,,f+]-,,gu>d--,horn f+]-gu>ds 7 =m]ly us$ by writ+ ma/]s to protect _! nails :5 nibb+ p5s4 ,,fire-,,scre5--,fire-scre5s are not$ z e>ly z ! f\rte5? c5tury1 long be=e !y 7 fill$ ) ne$lework2 !y 7 made ( wick]1 describ$ by a sixte5?-c5tury writ] z a little wick] skr5e sett 9 a frame ( walnut tree4 ,,scrip--,scrips 7 hung f girdles1 & diff]$1 among ! *ief v>ieties be+ ! %eph]d's scrip1 ! pilgrim's scrip1 & ! travell]'s scrip1 a k9d ( purse or wallet4 ,,/&i%--,! old "n = an ink horn or vessel1 aft]w>ds appli$ to ! /& or di%1 or1 z we call x n[1 ink/&1 :i* conta9$ ! box or vessel = ink1 & ano!r = blott+ p[d]4 ,,tr5*]--,a wood5 platt]1 a t]m m p>ticul>ly appli$ to ! beautiful h&-pa9t$ circul> bo>ds = sweetmeats or cakes4 ,9 conclusion1 9 ! =ego+ pages mo/ ( ! be/-kn[n h\sehold curios--reg>d$ z su* by ! collector--h be5 pass$ 9 review4 ,! li/ is1 h[ev]1 by no means exhau/$1 = z se>* is made among ! relics ( =m] days _m little-kn[n objects come to light1 & z isolat$ examples f9d _! way into public & private collections4 ,,index ,ale tubes1 #agh ,almanacs1 #bei-bfb ,am]ican museums1 #di ,ample1 #cee ,&irons1 #db1 #dd1 #dg ,apple-grate1 #cee ,apple-scoops1 #ach1 #ada ,arms ( ,cutl]s' ,company1 #hj ,bann] scre5s1 #afe ,ba/+ spoons1 #acc ,batt]sea enamels1 #ia1 #ahc1 #bab ,beak]s1 #ajd ,bell[s1 #eg ,bell[s bl[]1 #abi ,bells1 #caa ,bil/on enamel1 #ahc ,bodk9s1 #bci ,bohemian glass1 #aed ,boil]s1 #acc ,bomb>ds1 #cee ,b\le1 ,*>les1 #bi ,b[ cupids1 #aab1 #aac ,bri/ol glass1 #agf ,briti% glass1 #if ,briti% ,museum exhibits1 #ib1 #ach1 #ada1 #afe1 #bjh1 #bdf1 #bgh1 #cca1 #cdg ,bronze pots1 #acc ,buhl "w1 #bi ,caddies1 #aab ,c&le boxes1 #fe1 #ff ,c&le m\lds1 #fe ,c&les1 #fe-fg ,c&le/icks1 #fg ,cani/]s1 #cee ,c>v+-knives1 #he ,caskets1 #aib ,caudle cups1 #ii ,*af+ di%es1 #cee ,*antilly porcela91 #ia ,*atela9es1 #baf ,*elsea cupids1 #aab1 #aac ,*essm51 #cbh ,*e/nut roa/]s1 #adb ,*e/s1 #aia ,*imney ornam5ts1 #aej ,*9a1 #cdi ,*9ese influ5ce1 #ajj ,*9ese lacqu]1 #bi ,*ipp5dale influ5ce1 #aja1 #afb ,clocks1 #bih1 #bii ,clog almanacs1 #bei ,cloisonne enamel1 #ahc ,coa*+ horns1 #aig ,cocoanut cups1 #ajc ,cocoanut flagons1 #ajc ,c(f]s1 #aia ,combs1 #bjf-bjh ,comfit boxes1 #cee ,cont95tal gridirons1 #acg ,cook+ vessels1 #ach1 #ada ,copp] urns1 #aag ,cordova lea!r1 #ahg1 #ahh ,c\vre de feu1 #ci ,cream jugs1 #ajh1 #aaa ,cribbage bo>ds1 #ccj ,cruet /&s1 #if1 #ig ,cuir b\lli "w1 #hd1 #ij1 #ahh1 #aij1 #aib ,cupids1 ,*elsea & ,b[1 #aab1 #aac ,cups1 #ii1 #ajj ,curio hunt+1 #bd ,cutl]s' ,company1 #hj ,cutl]y1 #hj-ie1 #bci1 #bdj ,damasc5$ /eel1 #ij ,d]by%ire sp>1 #aed1 #aeg1 #aeh ,dolls1 #cbe1 #cbf ,domesday ,book1 #bc ,d[] *e/s1 #cdj1 #cda ,draughts1 #cbi1 #ceg ,dress+ cases1 #bae ,dut* influ5ce on art1 #cj ,dut* ov5s1 #acj ,egyptian curios1 #cdg ,egyptian influ5ce1 #aec ,enamell$ w>es1 #bab ,enamels1 #ahb-ahd ,f5d]s1 #ec1 #ed ,f+] gu>ds1 #cee ,fire-dogs1 #dg ,fire drills1 #ci ,fireirons1 #ec ,fire-mak+ appliances1 #cf-ci ,fireplace1 !1 #da-dd ,firepl\ghs1 #ci ,fire scre5s1 #cef ,fle% hooks1 #ach ,floor c&le/icks1 #fg ,fluor sp>1 #aeg ,flutes1 #cad ,food-boxes1 #ada ,=ks1 #he ,fr5* art1 #bf ,fr5* influ5ce1 #aec ,gallybawk1 #acd ,games1 #cbg-ccj ,g>d5 curios1 #cej1 #cea ,g]man wall w>m+ /ove1 #ej ,glass & enamels1 #age-ahd ,glass beads1 #bce ,glass curios1 #bij-bic ,glass ornam5ts1 #agh1 #aha ,glass pictures1 #aha ,glass roll+ p9s1 #bce ,g\rd cups1 #ajd ,gr&fa!r clocks1 #cja ,gridirons1 #acg1 #ach ,grills1 #acg1 #ach ,guildhall ,museum exhibits1 #he1 #ii1 #aic ,guns1 #ccc ,hair ornam5ts1 #aif ,hampton ,c\rt fireplaces1 #dh ,hawk hoods1 #ccb ,home ornam5ts1 #adi-agj ,horn books1 #aig ,horn]s1 ,wor%ipful ,company1 #aig ,horns1 #cac1 #cad ,horn "w1 #aif1 #aig ,hull ,museum exhibits1 #aic1 #bbi1 #ccb1 #ccd ,ink/&s1 #bfc ,iri% curios1 #fg ,ivories1 #aff1 #afi ,jack knives1 #hc ,jade1 #aeh1 #afa ,japann$ trays1 #aja ,jewel caskets1 #bbj1 #bba ,k5ti% ironma/]s1 #ej ,kettles & /&s1 #ajh1 #acc ,kettles1 m9iature1 #afi ,kit*5 grates1 #abi-acc ,kit*51 !1 #abe-ade ,knife-boxes1 #aag ,lace bobb9s1 #bcb1 #bcf ,lant]n clocks1 #bih ,lant]ns1 #gb-ge ,lea!r & horn1 #ahg-aig ,lea!r bottles1 #aib-aid ,lea!r flasks1 #aid ,lea!r pictures1 #aid ,lea!r %ips1 #aid ,lights ( =m] days1 #fa-ge ,lille enamels1 #bab ,limoges enamels1 #ahb-ahc ,l9ks ext+ui%]s1 #fh ,locks ( hair1 #bai ,london ,cutl]s' ,company1 #hd ,love spoons1 #bce1 #bdj1 #bhi ,love tok5s1 #bhc-bic ,lucky cups1 #aij ,lucky emblems1 #bhc-bic ,mantelpieces1 #da1 #db ,m>k+ ( "t1 #big-cjg ,m>quet]ie designs1 #cj ,mat*es1 e>ly types1 #da ,m$ic9e *e/s1 #cda ,meiss5 porcela91 #ia ,met-soex or eat+ knives1 #hc ,m9iature curios1 #afi ,mono*ord1 #cab ,mosaics1 #aeg ,"m-o'-pe>l1 #ajg ,m\nt+ curios1 #cec ,musical in/rum5ts1 #caa-cag ,nailsea glass1 #agg ,national ,museum ( ,wales1 #abi1 #ada1 #bhj ,national ,museum ( ,naples1 #de ,ne$les ( wood1 #bdj ,ne$lework1 #bdf ,nutcrack]s1 #aac-aag ,oak settles1 #afb ,obsolete names1 #cee1 #cef ,oil lamps1 #ga1 #gb ,old gilt1 #afe1 #aff ,old lacqu]1 #cdb ,ormolu1 #aej ,pa/rycooks' knives1 #ach ,pa/ry :eels1 #ach ,pat* boxes1 #bjd1 #baa1 #bac ,peg tank>ds1 #ajj1 #ajc ,p5s1 #bfd1 #bfg ,p]fume boxes1 #bac ,pian(ortes1 #cab ,pigg9s1 #ada ,pipe racks1 #bgc ,pipes1 #bga1 #bgb ,pi/ol t9d] boxes1 #dj ,pi/ols1 #ccc ,play & sport1 #cba-ccd ,play+ c>ds1 #ccj ,pom&] boxes1 #bad ,pontypool w>es1 #ajf ,porridge b[ls1 #ada ,porr+]s1 #ii1 #ajj ,p\nce boxes1 #bfc ,prim+ flasks1 #ccd ,pun* b[ls1 #ih ,pun* ladles1 #ig ,puzzle cups1 #ajj ,que5 ,anne /yle1 #ajj ,roa/+ cages1 #acj ,roa/+ jacks1 #abe ,roll+ p9s1 #agg ,roman influ5ce1 #aec ,ru%lights1 #fb-fe ,russian cu/oms1 #ib ,salt cell>s1 #ie1 #if ,s& boxes1 #bfc ,saucepans1 #abe1 #abf ,scrap books1 #bee1 #bef ,scrat*backs1 #bae ,%]aton influ5ce1 #aab1 #afb ,%ips ( glass1 #ahb ,%oes1 #aie ,%ovels1 #ec ,skates1 #ccb ,skimm]s1 #acc ,smok]s' cab9et1 #bga-bhj ,smok]s' tongs1 #bgg ,snuff boxes1 #aif1 #bgi1 #bhj ,snuff] ext+ui%]s1 #fh ,snuff]s1 #fg-ga ,snuff rasps1 #bgi ,spectacles1 #cdh ,spice boxes1 #bac ,sp9n+ :eels1 #bbf-bca ,spits1 #abe1 #abi ,sple5 /one1 #aeh ,spoons1 #hf1 #hi1 #aag ,/af=d%ire figures1 #aej ,/af=d%ire w>es1 #ig ,/a9$ glass1 #aha ,/&i%es1 #cef ,/raw-"w1 #bcb ,/yle1 influ5ce (1 #bf ,sug> nipp]s1 #aaa ,sug> tongs1 #aaa1 #aab ,sussex backs1 #db1 #dg1 #ej ,sussex f\ndries1 #ej ,table appo9tm5ts1 #gi-aah ,tape/ry1 #aij1 #aia ,tape/ry factories1 #bf ,taunton ,ca/le ,museum exhibits1 #agg1 #aic1 #bdf1 #bgh1 #bic ,teapots1 #ajg ,teatable1 !1 #ajg1 #ajh ,?imbles1 #bci ,tickets1 b5efit1 ball1 etc41 #bef ,t9d] boxes1 #ci-da ,tobacco boxes1 #bgd1 #bgg ,tobacco pipes1 #bga1 #bgb ,tobacco pipes 7glass71 #agg ,tobacco /opp]s1 #bgg1 #bgh ,toddy ladles1 #ig ,toilet table1 !1 #bjc-bba ,tools1 anci5t1 #cdf ,t[] ( ,london exhibits1 #ie ,trays1 #aje-ajg ,tr5*]s1 #ada1 #cef ,tr5*] salts1 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