,journals47           ,,blackwood',s    
,,edinburgh ,,magazine4  ,no4           
,,cccxxxviii4 ,,december1 #ahdc4 ,,vol4 
,,liv4  ,transcriber's ,note3 ,minor    
typos have been corrected and footnotes 
moved to the end of each article4       
,,contents4           ,,lectures ,,at   
,,the ,,royal ,,academy4                
#fia         ,,something ,,about        
,,music4                                
#gji         ,,the ,,purple ,,cloak2    
,,or1 ,,the ,,return ,,of ,,syloson ,,to
 ,,samos4  #gad         ,,love ,,and    
,,death4                                
#gag         ,,the ,,bridge ,,over ,,the
 ,,thur4                                
#gag         ,,the ,,banking-,,house4 ,a
 ,,history ,,in ,,three ,,parts4 ,,part 
,,ii4  #gai         ,,college           
,,theatricals4                          
#gcg         ,,lines ,,written ,,in     
,,the ,,isle ,,of ,,bute4               
#gdi         ,,travels ,,of ,,kerim     
,,khan4 ,,conclusion4                   
#gec         ,,notes ,,on ,a ,,tour ,,of

 ,,the ,,disturbed ,,districts ,,in     
,,wales4   #gff         ,,adventures    
,,in ,,texas4 ,,no4 ,,ii4               
#ggg         ,,death ,,from ,,the       
,,sting ,,of ,a ,,serpent4              
#gih         ,,gifts ,,of ,,terek4      
#gii         ,,marston2 ,,or1 ,,the     
,,memoirs ,,of ,a ,,statesman4 ,,part   
,,vi4      #hja          ,,index ,,to   
,,vol4 ,,liv4                           
#hae         99       99       99       
99       99     ,,lectures ,,at ,,the   
,,royal ,,academy4  ,,henry ,,fuseli4   
,at a time when the eye of the public is
 more remarkably1 and we trust more     
kindly1 directed to the ,fine ,arts1 we 
may do some service to the good cause1  
by reverting to those lectures delivered
 in the ,royal ,academy1 composed in a  
spirit of enthusiasm honourable to the  
professors1 but which kindled little    
sympathy in an age strangely dead to the
 impulses of taste4 ,the works1         
therefore1 which set forth the          
principles of art1 were not read        

extensively at the time1 and had little 
influence beyond the walls within which 
they were delivered4 ,favourable        
circumstances1 in conjunction with their
 real merit1 have permanently added the 
discourses of ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds to 
the standard literature of our country4 
,they have been transferred from the    
artist to the scholar2 and so it has    
happened1 that while few of any         
pretension to scholarship have not read 
the ,the ,discourses1 they have not1 as 
they should have1 been continually in   
the hands of artists themselves4 ,to    
awaken a feeling for this kind of       
professional reading--yet not so        
professional as not to be               
beneficial--reflectingly upon classical 
learning2 indeed1 we might say1         
education in general1 and therefore more
 comprehensive in its scope--we         
commenced our remarks on the discourses 
of ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds1 which have   
appeared in the pages of ,maga4 ,there  
are now more than symptoms of the       

departure of that general apathy which  
prevailed1 when most of the ,academy    
lectures were delivered4 ,it will be1   
therefore1 a grateful1 and may we hope a
 useful1 task1 by occasional notices to 
make them more generally known4  ,the   
successors of ,reynolds labour under a  
twofold disadvantage2 they find that he 
has occupied the very ground they would 
have taken1 and written so ably and     
fully upon all that is likely to obtain 
a general interest1 as to leave a       
prejudice against further attempts4 ,of 
necessity1 there must be1 in every work 
treating of the same subject1 much      
repetition2 and it must require no      
little ingenuity to give a novelty and  
variety1 that shall yet be safe1 and    
within the bounds of the admitted       
principles of art4 ,on this account1 we 
have no reason to complain of the       
lectures of ,fuseli1 which we now       
purpose to notice4 ,bold and original as
 the writer is1 we find him every where 
impressed with a respect for ,reynolds1 

and with a conviction of the truth of   
the principles which he had collected   
and established4 ,if there be any       
difference1 it is occasionally on the   
more debatable ground--particular       
passages of criticism4  ,in the         
,introduction1 the student is supplied  
with a list of the authorities he should
 consult for the ,history and ,progress 
of his ,art4 ,he avoids expatiating on  
the books purely elementary--the van of 
which is led by ,leonardo da ,vinci and 
,albert ,durer1 and the rear by ,gherard
 ,lavresse--as the principles which they
 detail must be supposed to be already  
in the student's possession1 or are     
occasionally interwoven with the topics 
of the lectures2 and proceeds to the    
historically critical writers1 who      
consist of all the ancients yet         
remaining1 ,pausanias excepted4         
,fortunately1 there remain a sufficient 
number of the monuments of ancient art  
to furnish us with their standard of    
style2 for the accounts are so          

contradictory1 that we should have      
little to rely upon4 ,the works of the  
ancient artists are all lost3 we must be
 content with the hasty compilations of 
a warrior1 ,pliny1 or the incidental    
remarks of an orator1 7rhetorician17    
,quintilian4 ,the former chiefly        
valuable when he quotes--for then1 as   
,reynolds observed1 he speaks the       
language of an artist3 as in his account
 of the glazing method of ,apelles2 the 
manner in which ,protogenes embodied his
 colours2 and the term of art           
circumlitio1 by which ,nicias gave the  
line of correctness to the models of    
,praxiteles2 the foreshortening the bull
 by ,pausias1 and throwing his shade on 
the crowd--showing a forcible           
chiaroscuro4 ,of ,quintilian1 whose     
information is all relative to style1   
the tenth chapter of the ,,xii4th book1 
a passage on expression in the ,,xi4th1 
and scattered fragments of observations 
analogous to the process of his own art1
 is all that we possess2 but what he    

says1 though comparatively small in     
bulk1 with what we have of ,pliny1      
leaves us to wish for more4 ,his review 
of the revolutions of style in painting1
 from ,polygnotus to ,apelles1 and in   
sculpture1 from ,phidias to ,lysippus1  
is succinct and rapid2 but though so    
rapid and succinct1 every word is poised
 by characteristic precision1 and can   
only be the result of long and judicious
 enquiry1 and perhaps even minute       
examination4 ,still less have we        
scattered in the writings of ,cicero1   
who1 though he seems to have had little 
native taste for painting and sculpture1
 and even less than he had taste for    
poetry1 had a conception of nature2 and 
with his usual acumen1 comparing the    
principles of one art with those of     
another1 frequently scattered useful    
hints1 or made pertinent observations4  
,for many of these he might probably be 
indebted to ,hortensius1 with whom1     
though his rival in eloquence1 he lived 
on terms of familiarity1 and who was a  

man of declared taste1 and one of the   
first collectors of the time4 ,he speaks
 somewhat too slightingly of            
,pausanias1#a as the indiscriminate     
chronicler of legitimate tradition and  
legendary trash1 considering that he    
praises the scrupulous diligence with   
which he examined what fell under his   
own eye4 ,he recommends to the epic or  
dramatic artist the study of the heroics
 of the elder1 and the ,eicones or      
,picture ,galleries of the elder and    
younger ,philostratus4  ,the innumerable
 hints1 maxims1 anecdotes1 descriptions1
 scattered over ,lucian1 ,oelian1       
,athenaeus1 ,achilles ,tatius1 ,tatian  
,pollux1 and many more1 may be consulted
 to advantage by the man of taste and   
letters1 and probably may be neglected  
without much loss by the student4 ,of   
modern writers on art ,vasari leads the 
van2 theorist1 artist1 critic1 and      
biographer1 in one4 ,the history of     
modern art owes1 no doubt1 much to      
,vasari2 he leads us from its cradle to 

its maturity with the anxious diligence 
of a nurse2 but he likewise has her     
derelictions3 for more loquacious than  
ample1 and less discriminating styles   
than eager to accumulate descriptions1  
he is at an early period exhausted by   
the superlatives lavished on inferior   
claims1 and forced into frigid          
rhapsodies and astrologic nonsense to do
 justice to the greater4 ,he swears by  
the divinity of ,m4 ,agnolo4 ,he tells  
us that he copied every figure of the   
,capella ,sistina and the stanze of     
,raffaelle1 yet his memory was either so
 treacherous1 or his rapidity in writing
 so inconsiderate1 that his account of  
both is a mere heap of errors and       
unpardonable confusion1 and one might   
almost fancy he had never entered the   
,vatican4 ,he is less pleased with the  
rubbish of his contemporaries1 or       
followers1 from ,condior to ,ridolfi1   
and on to ,malvasia4 ,all is little     
worth till the appearance of ,lanzi1    
who1 in his ',storia ,pittorica della   

,italia1' has availed himself of all the
 information existing in his time1 has  
corrected most of those who wrote before
 him1 and1 though perhaps not possessed 
of great discriminative powers1 has     
accumulated more instructive anecdotes1 
rescued more deserving names from       
oblivion1 and opened a wider prospect of
 art1 than all his predecessors4 ,but   
for the valuable notes of ,reynolds1 the
 idle pursuit of ,du ,fresnoy to clothe 
the precepts of art in ,latin verse1    
would be useless4 ,the notes of         
,reynolds1 treasures of practical       
observation1 place him among those whom 
we may read with profit4 ,de ,piles and 
,felibien are spoken of next1 as the    
teachers of what may be learned from    
precept1 founded on prescriptive        
authority more than on the verdicts of  
nature4 ,of the effects of the system   
pursued by the ,french ,academy from    
such precepts1 our author is1 perhaps1  
not undeservedly severe4  ,about the    
middle of the last century the ,german  

critics1 established at ,rome1 began to 
claim the exclusive privilege of        
teaching the art1 and to form a complete
 system of antique style4 ,the verdicts 
of ,mengs and ,winkelmann1 become the   
oracles of antiquaries1 dilettanti1 and 
artists1 from the ,pyrenees to the      
utmost north of ,europe1 have been      
detailed1 and are not without their     
influence here4 ,winkelmann was the     
parasite of the fragments that fell from
 the conversation or the tablets of     
,mengs--a deep scholar1 and better      
fitted to comment on a classic than to  
give lessons on art and style1 he       
reasoned himself into frigid reveries   
and ,platonic dreams on beauty4 ,as far 
as the taste or the instruction of his  
tutor directed1 he is right when they   
are2 and between his own learning and   
the tuition of the other1 his history of
 art delivers a specious system1 and a  
prodigious number of useful             
observations4 ,to him ,germany owes the 
shackles of her artists1 and the narrow 

limits of their aim4 ,had ,fuseli lived 
to have witnessed the revival at        
,munich1 he would have appreciated the  
efforts made1 and still making1 there4  
,he speaks of the works of ,mengs with  
respect4 ,the works of ,mengs himself   
are1 no doubt1 full of the most useful  
information1 deep observation1 and often
 consummate criticism4 ,he has traced   
and distinguished the principles of the 
moderns from those of the ancients2 and 
in his comparative view of the design1  
colour1 composition1 and expression of  
,raffaelle1 ,correggio1 and ,tiziano1   
with luminous perspicuity and deep      
precision1 pointed out the prerogative  
or inferiority of each4 ,as an artist1  
he is an instance of what perseverance1 
study1 experience1 and encouragement can
 achieve to supply the place of genius4 
,he then1 passing by all ,english       
critics preceding ,reynolds1 with the   
petty remark1 that the last is          
undoubtedly the first1 says--,to compare
 ,reynolds with his predecessors1 would 

equally disgrace our judgment1 and      
impeach our gratitude4 ,his volumes can 
never be consulted without profit1 and  
should never be quitted by the student's
 hand but to embody1 by exercise1 the   
precepts he gives and the means he      
points out4 ,it is useful thus to see   
together the authorities which a student
 should consult1 and we have purposely  
characterized them as concisely as we   
could1 in our extracts1 which strongly  
show the peculiar style of ,mr ,fuseli4 
,if this introduction was1 however1     
intended for artists1 it implies in them
 a more advanced education in ,greek and
 ,latin literature than they generally  
possess4 ,mr ,fuseli was himself an     
accomplished scholar4 ,how desirable is 
it that the arts and general scholarship
 should go together6 ,the classics1     
fully to be enjoyed1 require no small   
cultivation in art2 and as the greater  
portion of ancient art is drawn from    
that source1 ,greek mythology1 and      
classical history and literature1 such  

an education would seem to be the very  
first step in the acquirements of an    
artist4 ,we believe that in general they
 content themselves with ,lempriere's   
,dictionary2 and that rather for        
information on subjects they may see    
already painted1 than for their own use2
 and thus1 for lack of a feeling which  
only education can give1 a large field  
of resources is cut off from them4 ,if  
it be said that ,english                
literature--,english classics1 will     
supply the place1 we deny it2 for there 
is not an ,english classic of value to  
an artist1 who was not1 to his very     
heart's core1 embued with a knowledge   
and love of the ancient literature4 ,we 
might instance but two1 ,spenser and    
,milton--the statute-books of the better
 ,english art--authors whom1 we do not  
hesitate to say1 no one can thoroughly  
understand or enjoy1 who has not far    
advanced in classical education4 ,we    
shall never cease to throw out remarks  
of this kind1 with the hope that our    

universities will yet find room to      
foster the art within them2 satisfied as
 we are that the advantages would be    
immense1 both to the art and to the     
universities4 ,how many would then      
pursue pleasures and studies most       
congenial with their usual academical   
education1 and1 thus occupied1 be       
rescued from pursuits that too often    
lead to profligacy and ruin2 and        
sacrifice to pleasures that cannot last1
 those which1 where once fostered1 have 
ever been permanent6         99       99
       99       99       99  ,the       
,,first ,,lecture is a summary of       
ancient art--one rather of research than
 interest--more calculated to excite the
 curiosity of the student than to offer 
him any profitable instruction4 ,the    
general matter is well known to most1   
who have at all studied the subject4    
,nor have we sufficient confidence in   
any theory as to the rise and growth of 
art in ,greece1 to lay much stress upon 
those laid down in this lecture4 ,we    

doubt if the religion of ,greece ever   
had that hold upon the feelings of the  
people1 artists1 or their patrons1 which
 is implied in the supposition1 that it 
was an efficient cause4 ,a people that  
could listen to the broad farce of      
,aristophanes1 and witness every sort of
 contempt thrown upon the deities they  
professed to worship1 were not likely to
 seek in religion the advancement of    
art2 and their licentious liberty--if   
liberty it deserved to be called--was of
 too watchful a jealousy over greatness 
of every kind1 to suffer genius to be   
free and without suspicion4 ,we will not
 follow the lecturer through his        
conjectures on the mechanic processes4  
,it is more curious than useful to trace
 back the more perfect art through its  
stages--the ,polychrom1 the ,monochrom1 
the ,monogram1 and ,skiagram--nor from  
the pencil to the cestrum4 ,polygnotus  
is said to be the first who introduced  
the essential style2 which consisted in 
ascertaining the abstract1 the general  

form1 as it is technically termed the   
central form4 ,art under ,polygnotus    
was1 however1 in a state of formal      
parallelism2 certainly it could boast no
 variety of composition4 ,apollodorus   
applied the essential principles of     
,polygnotus to the delineation of the   
species1 by investigating the leading   
forms that discriminate the various     
classes of human qualities and passions4
 ,he saw that all men were connected    
together by one general form1 yet were  
separated by some predominant power into
 classes2 thence he drew his line of    
imitation1 and personified the central  
form of the class to which his object   
belonged1 and to which the rest of its  
qualities administered1 without being   
absorbed4 ,zeuxis1 from the essential of
 ,polygnotus and specific discrimination
 of ,apollodorus1 comparing one with the
 other1 formed his ideal style4 ,thus   
are there the three styles--the         
essential1 the characteristic1 the      
ideal4  ,art was advanced and           

established under ,parrhasius and       
,timanthes1 and refined under ,eupompus1
 ,apelles1 ,aristides1 and ,euphranor4  
,the correctness of ,parrhasius         
succeeded to the genius of ,zeuxis4 ,he 
circumscribed the ample style1 and by   
subtle examination of outline1          
established that standard of divine and 
heroic form which raised him to the     
authority of a legislator1 from whose   
decisions there was no appeal4 ,he gave 
to the divine and heroic character in   
painting1 what ,polycletus had given to 
the human in sculpture by his           
,doryphorus1 a canon of proportion4     
,phidias had discovered in the nod of   
the ,homeric ,jupiter the characteristic
 of majesty1 inclination of the head4   
,this hinted to him a higher elevation  
of the neck behind1 a bolder protrusion 
of the front1 and the increased         
perpendicular of the profile4 ,to this  
conception ,parrhasius fixed a maximum2 
that point from which descends the      
ultimate line of celestial beauty1 the  

angle within which moves what is        
inferior1 beyond which what is          
portentous4 ,from the head conclude to  
the proportions of the neck1 the limbs1 
the extremities2 from the ,father to the
 race of gods2 all1 the sons of one1    
,zeus2 derived from one source of       
tradition1 ,homer2 formed by one artist1
 ,phidias2 on him measured and decided  
by ,parrhasius4 ,in the simplicity of   
this principle1 adhered to by the       
succeeding periods1 lies the            
uninterrupted progress and the          
unattainable superiority of ,grecian    
art4  ,in speaking of ,timanthes as the 
competitor with ,parrhasius1 as one who 
brought into the art more play of the   
mind and passions1 the lecturer takes   
occasion to discuss the often discussed 
and disputed propriety of ,timanthes1 in
 covering the head of ,agamemnon in his 
picture of the sacrifice of ,iphigenia4 
,he thinks it the more incumbent on him 
so to do1 as the late president had     
passed a censure upon ,timanthes4 ,sir  

,joshua expressed his doubt only1 not   
his censure absolutely1 upon the        
delivery of the prize at the ,academy   
for the best picture painted from this  
subject4 ,he certainly dissents from    
bestowing the praise1 upon the          
supposition of the intention being the  
avoiding a difficulty4 ,and as to this  
point1 the well-known authorities of    
,cicero1 ,quintilian1 ,valerius         
,maximus1 and ,pliny1 seem to agree4    
,and if1 as the lecturer observes in a  
note1 the painter is made to waste      
expression on inferior actors at the    
expense of a principal one1 he is an    
improvident spendthrift1 not a wise     
economist4 ,the pertness of ,falconet is
 unworthy grave criticism and the       
subject1 though it is quoted by ,sir    
,joshua ,reynolds4 ,he assumes that     
,agamemnon is the principal figure4     
,undoubtedly ,mr ,fuseli is             
right--,iphigenia is the principal      
figure2 and it may be fairly admitted1  
that the overpowering expression of the 

grief of the father would have divided  
the subject4 ,it might be more properly 
a separate picture4 ,art is limited2    
nothing should detract from the         
principal figure1 the principal         
action--passion4 ,our sympathy is not   
called for on behalf of the father here3
 the grief of the others in the picture 
is the grief in perfect sympathy with   
,iphigenia2 the father would have been  
absorbed in his own grief1 and his grief
 would have been an unsympathetic grief 
towards ,iphigenia4 ,it was his own case
 that he felt2 and it does appear to us 
an aggravation of the suffering of      
,iphigenia1 that1 at the moment of her  
sacrifice1 she saw indeed her father's  
person1 but was never more--and knew she
 was never more--to behold his face     
again4 ,this circumstance alone would   
justify ,timanthes1 but other concurrent
 reasons may be given4 ,it was no want  
of power to express the father's grief1 
for it is in the province of art to     
express every such delineation2 but     

there is a point of grief that is ill   
expressed by the countenance at all2 and
 there is a natural action in such cases
 for the sufferer himself to hide his   
face1 as if conscious that it was not in
 agreement with his feelings4 ,such     
grief is astounding3 we look for the    
expression of it1 and find it not3 it is
 better than receive this shock to hide 
the face4 ,we do it naturally2 so that  
here the art of the painter1 that       
required that his picture should be a   
whole1 and centre in ,iphigenia1 was    
mainly assisted by the proper adoption  
of this natural action of ,agamemnon4   
,mr ,fuseli1 whose criticism is always  
acute1 and generally just and true1 has 
well discussed the subject1 and properly
 commented upon the flippancy of        
,falconet4 ,after showing the many ways 
in which the painter might have         
expressed the parent's grief1 and that  
none of them would be decere1 pro       
dignitate1 digne1 he adds--',but        
,timanthes had too true a sense of      

nature to expose a father's feelings1 or
 to tear a passion to rags2 nor had the 
,greeks yet learned of ,rome to steel   
the face4 ,if he made ,agamemnon bear   
his calamity as a man1 he made him also 
feel it as a man4 ,it became the leader 
of ,greece to sanction the ceremony with
 his presence3 it did not become the    
father to see his daughter beneath the  
dagger's point3 the same nature that    
threw a real mantle over the face of    
,timoleon1 when he assisted at the      
punishment of his brother1 taught       
,timanthes to throw an imaginary one    
over the face of ,agamemnon2 neither    
height nor depth1 propriety of          
expression was his aim4' ,it is a       
question whether ,timanthes took the    
idea from the text of ,euripides1 or    
whether it is his invention1 and was    
borrowed by the dramatist4 ,the picture 
must have presented a contrast to that  
of his rival ,parrhasius1 which         
exhibited the fury of ,ajax4  ,whether  
the invention was or was not the merit  

of ,euripides1 certainly this is not the
 only instance wherein he has turned it 
to dramatic advantage4 ,no dramatist was
 so distinct a painter as ,euripides2   
his mind was ever upon picture4 ,he     
makes ,hecuba1 in the dialogue with     
,agamemnon1 say1 ,pity me1 and1 standing
 apart as would a painter1 look at me1  
and see what evils ,i have1             
,greek3 ,oichteiron hemas1 os grapheus t
 apostatheis1      ,ida me chanathreson1
 oi echo chacha4  ,and this ,hecuba1    
when ,talthybius comes to require her   
presence for the burial of ,polyxena1 is
 found lying on the ground1 her face    
covered with her robe3--       ,greek3  
,aute pelas sou1 not echous epi chthoni1
      ,talthubie1 keitai1               
sugchechleismene peplois4  ,and in the  
same play1 ,polyxena bids ,ulysses to   
cover her head with a robe1 as he leads 
her away1 that she might not see her    
mother's grief4       ,greek3 ,komiz1   
,odysseu1 m'amphitheis peplois chara4   
,but in the instance in question1 in the

 ,iphigenia1 there is one circumstance  
that seems to have been overlooked by   
the critics1 which makes the action of  
,agamemnon the more expressive1 and     
gives it a peculiar force3 the dramatist
 takes care to exhibit the more than    
common parental and filial love2 when   
asked by ,clytemnestra what would be her
 last1 her dying request1 it is         
instantly1 on her father's account1 to  
avert every feeling of wrath against    
him3--       ,greek3 ,patera ge ton emon
 me stugei1 posin te son4  ,and even    
when the father covers his face1 she is 
close beside him1 tells him that she is 
beside him1 and her last words are to   
comfort him4 ,now1 whether ,timanthes   
took the scene from ,euripides or       
,euripides from ,timanthes1 it could not
 be more powerfully1 more naturally     
conceived2 for this dramatic incident1  
the tender movement to his side1 and    
speech of ,iphigenia1 could not have    
been imagined1 or at least with little  
effect1 had not the father first covered

 his face4 ,mr ,fuseli has collected    
several instances of attempts something 
similar in pictures1 particularly by    
,massaccio1 and ,raffaelle from him2 and
 he well remarks--,we must conclude that
 ,nature herself dictated to him this   
method1 as superior to all he could     
express by features2 and that he        
recognized the same dictate in          
,massaccio1 who can no more be supposed 
to have been acquainted with the        
precedent of ,timanthes than ,shakspeare
 with that of ,euripides1 when he made  
,macduff draw his hat over his face4    
,from ,timanthes ,mr ,fuseli proceeds to
 eulogize ,aristides2 whom history      
records as1 in a peculiar excellence1   
the painter of the passions of nature4  
,such1 history informs us1 was the      
suppliant whose voice you seemed to     
hear1 such his sick man's               
half-extinguished eye and labouring     
breast1 such ,byblis expiring in the    
pangs of love1 and1 above all1 the      
half-slain mother shuddering lest the   

eager babe should suck the blood from   
her palsied nipple4--,timanthes had     
marked the limits that discriminate     
terror from the excess of horror2       
,aristides drew the line that separates 
it from disgust4 ,then follows a very   
just criticism upon instances in which  
he considered that ,raffaelle himself   
and ,nicolo ,poussin had overstepped the
 bounds of propriety1 and averted the   
feelings from their object1 by ideas of 
disgust4 ,in the group of ,raffaelle1 a 
man is removing the child from the      
breast of the mother with one hand1     
while the other is applied to his       
nostrils4 ,poussin1 in his plague of the
 ,philistines1 has copied the loathsome 
action--so1 likewise1 in another        
picture1 said to be the plague of       
,athens1 but without much reason so     
named1 in the collection of ,j4 ,p4     
,mills1 ,esq4 ,dr ,waagen1 in his       
admiration for the executive part of    
art1 speaks of it as a very rich        
masterpiece of ,poussin1 in which we are

 reconciled by his skill to the horrors 
of the subject4  ,in the commencement of
 the lecture1 there are offered some    
definitions of the terms of art1 nature1
 grace1 taste1 copy1 imitation1 genius1 
talent4 ,in that of nature1 he seems    
entirely to agree with ,reynolds2 that  
of beauty leaves us pretty much in the  
dark in our search for it1 as that      
harmonious whole of the human frame1    
that unison of parts to one end1 which  
enchants us4 ,the result of the standard
 set by the great masters of our art1   
the ancients1 and confirmed by the      
submissive verdict of modern imitation4 
,this is unphilosophical1               
unsatisfactory2 nor is that of grace    
less so--that artless balance of motion 
and repose1 sprung from character1      
founded on propriety1 which neither     
falls short of the demands1 nor         
overleaps the modesty of nature4        
,applied to execution it means that     
dexterous power which hides the means by
 which it was attained1 the difficulties

 it has conquered4 ,we humbly suggest1  
that both parts of this definition may  
be found where there is little grace4   
,it is evident that the lecturer did not
 subscribe to any theory of lines1 as   
per se beautiful or graceful1 and       
altogether disregarded ,hogarth's line  
of beauty4 ,had ,mr ,hay's very         
admirable short works--his ,theory of   
,form and ,proportion--appeared in ,mr  
,fuseli's day1 he would have taken a new
 view of beauty and grace4 ,by taste1 he
 means not only a knowledge of what is  
right in art1 but a power to estimate   
degrees of excellence1 and by comparison
 proceeds from justness to refinement4  
,this1 too1 we think inadequate to      
express what we mean by taste1 which    
appears to us to have something of a    
sense1 independent of knowledge4 ,using 
words in a technical sense1 we may      
define them to mean what we please1 but 
certainly the words themselves1 copy and
 imitation1 do not mean very different  
things4 ,he thinks precision of eye1 and

 obedience of hand1 are the requisites  
for copy1 without the least pretence to 
choice1 what to select1 what to reject2 
whilst choice1 directed by judgment or  
taste1 constitutes the essence of       
imitation1 and alone can raise the most 
dexterous copyist to the noble rank of  
an artist4 ,we do not exactly see how   
this judgment arises out of his         
definition of taste4 ,but it may be fair
 to follow him still closer on this     
point4 ,the imitation of the ancients   
was1 essential1 characteristic1 ideal4  
,the first cleared nature of accident1  
defect1 excrescence1 7which was in fact 
his definition of nature1 as so         
cleared27 the second found the stamen   
which connects character with the       
central form2 the third raised the whole
 and the parts to the highest degree of 
unison4 ,this is rather loose writing1  
and not very close reasoning4 ,after    
all1 it may be safer to take words in   
their common acceptation2 for it is very
 difficult in a treatise of any length1 

to preserve in the mind or memory the   
precise ideas of given definitions4 ,of 
genius1 ,i shall speak with reserve2 for
 no word has been more indiscriminately 
confounded4 ,by genius1 ,i mean that    
power which enlarges the circle of human
 knowledge1 which discovers new         
materials of nature1 or combines the    
known with novelty2 whilst talent       
arranges1 cultivates1 polishes the      
discoveries of genius4 ,definitions1    
divisions1 and subdivisions1 though     
intended to make clear1 too often       
entangle the ground unnecessarily1 and  
keep the mind upon the stretch to       
remember1 when it should only feel4 ,we 
think this a fault with ,mr ,fuseli2 it 
often renders him obscure1 and involves 
his style of aphorisms in the mystery of
 a riddle4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,,second ,,lecture4--,this 
lecture comprises a compendious history 
of modern art2 commencing with          
,massaccio4 ,if religion gave the       
impulse to both ancient and modern1 so  

has it stamped each with the different  
characters itself assumed4 ,the         
conceptions the ancients had of         
divinity1 were the perfection of the    
human form2 thus form and beauty became 
godlike4 ,the ,christian religion wore a
 more spiritual character4 ,in ancient  
art1 human form and beauty were         
triumphant2 in modern art1 the greater  
triumph was in humility1 in suffering2  
the religious inspiration was to be     
shown in its influence in actions less  
calculated to display the powers1 the   
energies of form1 than those of mind4   
,mere external beauty had its           
accompanying vices2 and it was compelled
 to lower its pretensions considerably1 
submit to correction1 and take a more   
subordinate part4 ,thus1 if art lost in 
form it gained in expression1 and thus  
was really more divine4 ,art in its     
revival1 passing through the barbarity  
of ,gothic adventurers1 not unencumbered
 with senseless superstitions1 yet with 
wondrous rapidity1 raised itself to the 

noblest conceptions of both purity and  
magnificence4 ,sculpture had1 indeed1   
preceded painting in the works of       
,ghiberti ,donato and ,philippo         
,brunelleschi1 when ,massaccio appeared4
 ,he first perceived that parts are to  
constitute a whole2 that composition    
ought to have a centre2 expression1     
truth2 and execution1 unity4 ,his line  
deserves attention1 though his subjects 
led him not to investigation of form1   
and the shortness of his life forbade   
his extending those elements1 which     
,raffaelle1 nearly a century afterwards1
 carried to perfection4 ,that great     
master of expression did not disdain to 
borrow from him--as is seen in the      
figure of ,st ,paul preaching at        
,athens1 and that of ,adam expelled from
 ,paradise4 ,andrea ,mantegna attempted 
to improve upon ,massaccio1 by adding   
form from study of the antique4 ,mr     
,fuseli considers his taste too crude1  
his fancy too grotesque1 and his        
comprehension too weak1 to advert from  

the parts that remained to the whole    
that inspired them2 hence1 in his       
figures of dignity or beauty1 we see not
 only the meagre forms of common models1
 but even their defects tacked to ideal 
torsos4 ,we think1 however1 he is       
deserving of more praise than the       
lecturer was disposed to bestow upon    
him1 and that his triumphs1 the         
processions1 7at ,hampton ,court17 are  
not quite justly called a copious       
inventory of classic lumber1 swept      
together with more industry than taste1 
but full of valuable materials4 ,yet    
when it is said1 that he was not        
ignorant of expression1 and that his    
,burial of ,christ furnished ,raffaelle 
with composition1 and even some figures 
and attitudes1 the severity of the      
opinion seems somewhat mitigated4 ,luca 
,signorelli1 more indebted to nature    
than the study of the antique1 seems to 
have been the first who contemplated    
with a discriminating eye his object2   
saw what was accidental1 and what       

essential2 balanced light and shade1 and
 decided the motion of his figures4 ,he 
foreshortened with equal boldness and   
intelligence4 ,it was thought by        
,vasari1 that in his ,judgment1 ,michael
 ,angelo had imitated him4 ,at this     
period of the dawn of modern art1       
,leonardo da ,vinci broke forth with a  
splendour which distanced former        
excellence2 made up of all the elements 
that constitute the essence of genius2  
favoured by education and               
circumstances--all ear1 all eye1 all    
grasp2 painter1 poet1 sculptor1         
anatomist1 architect1 engineer1 chemist1
 machinist1 musician1 man of science1   
and sometimes empiric1 he laid hold of  
every beauty in the enchanted circle1   
but without exclusive attachment to one1
 dismissed in her turn each4 ,we owe him
 chiaroscuro1 with all its magic--we owe
 him caricature1 with all its           
incongruities4 ,his genius was shown in 
the design of the cartoon intended for  
the council-chamber at ,florence1 which 

he capriciously abandoned1 wherein the  
group of horsemen might fairly rival the
 greatness of ,michael ,angelo himself2 
and in the well-known ,last ,supper1 in 
the refectory of the ,dominicans at     
,milan1 best known1 however1 from the   
copies which remain of it1 and the      
studies which remain4 ,fra ,bartolomeo1 
the last master of this period1 first   
gave gradation to colour1 form and      
masses to drapery1 and a grave dignity1 
till then unknown1 to execution4 ,his   
was the merit of having weaned          
,raffaelle from the meanness of ,pietro 
,perugino1 and prepared for the mighty  
style of ,michael ,angelo ,buonarotti4  
,mr ,fuseli is inspired by his          
admiration of that wonderful man1 as    
painter1 sculptor1 and architect4       
,sublimity of conception1 grandeur of   
form1 and breadth of manner1 are the    
elements of ,michael ,angelo's style4   
,by these principles1 he selected or    
rejected the objects of imitation4 ,as  
painter1 as sculptor1 as architect1 he  

attempted--and above any other man1     
succeeded--to unite magnificence of     
plan1 and endless variety of subordinate
 parts1 with the utmost simplicity and  
breadth4 ,his line is uniformly grand4  
,character and beauty were admitted only
 as far as they could be made           
subservient to grandeur4 ,the child1 the
 female1 meanness1 deformity1 were by   
him indiscriminately stamped with       
grandeur4 ,a beggar rose from his hand  
the patriarch of poverty2 the hump of   
his dwarf is impressed with dignity2 his
 women are moulds of generation1 his    
infants teem with man2 his men are a    
race of giants4 ,this is the 'terribile 
via' hinted at by ,agostino ,caracci2   
though1 perhaps1 as little understood by
 the ,bolognese as by the blindest of   
his ,tuscan adorers1 with ,vasari at    
their head4 ,to give the appearance of  
perfect ease to the most perplexing     
difficulty1 was the exclusive power of  
,michael ,angelo4 ,he is the inventor of
 epic in painting1 in that sublime      

circle of the ,sistine chapel which     
exhibits the origin1 the progress1 and  
the final dispensations of theocracy4   
,he has personated motion in the groups 
of the cartoon of ,pisa2 embodied       
sentiment on the monuments of ,st       
,lorenzo2 unraveled the features of     
meditation in the prophets and sibyls of
 the ,sistine chapel2 and in the ',last 
,judgment1' with every attitude that    
varies the human body1 traced the master
 trait of every passion that sways the  
human heart4 ,though1 as sculptor1 he   
expressed the character of flesh more   
perfectly than all who went before or   
came after him1 yet he never submitted  
to copy an individual--,julio the       
,second only excepted2 and in him he    
represented the reigning passion rather 
than the man4 ,in painting1 he contented
 himself with a negative colour1 and as 
the painter of mankind1 rejected all    
meretricious ornament4 ,the fabric of   
,st ,peter's scattered into infinity of 
jarring parts by ,bramante and his      

successors1 he concentrated2 suspended  
the cupola1 and to the most complex1    
gave the air of the most simple of      
edifices4 ,such1 take him for all in    
all1 was ,michael ,angelo1 the salt of  
art2 sometimes1 no doubt1 he had his    
moments of dereliction1 deviated into   
manner1 or perplexed the grandeur of his
 forms with futile and ostentatious     
anatomy2 both met with armies of        
copyists1 and it has been his fate to   
have been censured for their folly4     
,this studied panegyric is nevertheless 
vigorous--emulous as that of ,longinus1 
of showing the author to be--           
,himself1 the great sublime he draws4   
,it hurries away the mind of the reader 
till it kindles a congenial enthusiasm1 
we have the more readily given the      
quotation1 as it is not an unfair       
specimen of ,mr ,fuseli's power1 both of
 thought and language4 ,our author is   
scarcely less eloquent in his eulogy of 
,raffaelle which follows4 ,he has seized
 on the points of character of that     

great painter very happily4 ,his        
composition always hastens to the most  
necessary point as its centre1 and from 
that disseminates1 to that leads back1  
as rays1 all secondary ones4 ,group1    
form1 and contrast are subordinate to   
the event1 and common-place ever        
excluded4 ,his expression1 in strict    
unison with1 and inspired by character2 
whether calm1 agitated1 convulsed1 or   
absorbed by the inspiring passion1      
unmixed and pure1 never contradicts its 
cause1 equally remote from tameness and 
grimace3 the moment of his choice never 
suffers the action to stagnate or       
expire2 it is the moment of transition1 
the crisis1 big with the past1 and      
pregnant with the future4  ,it is       
certainly true--the moment generally    
chosen by ,raffaelle1 is not of the     
action completed1 the end--but that in  
which it is doing4 ,you instantly       
acknowledge the power1 while your       
curiosity is not quenched4 ,for         
instance1 in the cartoon of the         

,beautiful ,gate1 you see the action at 
the word is just breaking into the      
miracle--the cripple is yet in his      
distorted infirmity--but you see near   
him grace and activity of limb          
beautifully displayed1 in that mother   
and running child2 and you look to the  
perfection which1 you feel sure1 the    
miracle will complete4 ,this is by no   
means the best instance--it is the case 
in all his compositions where a story is
 to be told4 ,it is this action which1  
united with most perfect character and  
expression1 makes the life of           
,raffaelle's pictures4 ,we think1       
however1 that even in so summary a      
history of art as this1 the object of   
which seems to be to mark the steps to  
its perfection1 the influence of ,pietro
 ,perugino should not have been omitted4
 ,he is often very pure in sentiment1   
often more than bordering on grace1 and 
in colour perhaps superior to           
,raffaelle4 ,notwithstanding ,mr        
,fuseli's eulogy of ,raffaelle1 we doubt

 if he fully entered into his highest   
sentiment4 ,this we may show when we    
comment on another lecture4 ,while ,rome
 and ,tuscany were thus fostering the   
higher principles of art1 the           
fascination of colour was spreading a   
new charm to every eye at ,venice1 from 
the pencils of ,giorgione1 and of       
,titian4 ,had not ,titian been a        
colourist1 his genius was not unequal to
 the great style2 perhaps he has        
admitted of that style as much as would 
suit the predominant character of his   
colouring4 ,he worked less with         
chiaroscuro than colour1 which he       
endowed with all the sentiment of his   
subject4 ,mr ,fuseli considers landscape
 to have originated with ,titian4       
,landscape1 whether it be considered as 
the transcript of a spot1 or the rich   
combination of congenial objects1 or as 
the scene of a phenomenon1 dates its    
origin from him3 so of portrait1 he     
says--,he is the father of portrait     
painting1 of resemblance with form1     

character with dignity1 and costume with
 subordination4 ,the yet wanting charm  
of art--perfect harmony1 was reserved   
for ,correggio4 ,the harmony and grace  
of ,correggio are proverbial2 the medium
 which1 by breadth of gradation1 unites 
two opposite principles1 the coalition  
of light and darkness1 by imperceptible 
transition1 are the element of his      
style4 ,this unison of a whole          
predominates in all that remains of him1
 from the vastness of his cupolas to the
 smallest of his oil pictures4 ,the     
harmony of ,correggio1 though assisted  
by exquisite hues1 was entirely         
independent of colour2 his great organ  
was chiaroscuro in its most extensive   
sense--compared with the expanse in     
which he floats1 the effects of         
,leonardi da ,vinci are little more than
 the dying ray of evening1 and the      
concentrated flash of ,giorgione        
discordant abruptness4 ,the bland1      
central light of a globe1 imperceptibly 
gliding through lucid demi-tints into   

rich reflected shades1 composes the     
spell of ,correggio1 and affects us with
 the soft emotions of a delicious dream4
 ,here terminates the great1 the primal 
era4 ,such were the patriarchs of modern
 art4 ,here1 it may be said1 terminated 
the great discoverers4 ,mr ,fuseli      
pauses here to observe1 that we should  
consider the characteristic of each of  
these painters1 not their occasional    
deviations2 for not unfrequently did    
,titian rise to the loftiness of        
conception of ,michael ,angelo1 and     
,correggio occasionally exceeded all    
competition in expression in the divine 
features of his ,ecce ,homo4 ,if ,mr    
,fuseli alludes to the ,ecce ,homo now  
in our ,national ,gallery1 we cannot go 
along with him in this praise--but in   
that picture1 the expression of the true
 ,mater dolorosa was never equaled4 ,art
 now proceeds to its period of          
,refinement4 ,the great schools--the    
,tuscan1 the ,roman1 the ,venetian1 and 
the ,lombard--from whatever cause1      

separated4 ,michael ,angelo lived to see
 his great style polluted by ,tuscan and
 ,venetian1 as the ostentatious vehicle 
of puny conceits and emblematic         
quibbles1 or the palliative of empty    
pomp and degraded luxuriance of colour4 
,he considers ,andrea del ,sarto to have
 been his copyer1 not his imitator4     
,tibaldi seems to have caught somewhat  
of his mind4 ,as did ,sir ,joshua1 so   
does ,mr ,fuseli mention his ,polypheme 
groping at the mouth of his cave for    
,ulysses4 ,he expresses his surprise    
that ,michael ,angelo was unacquainted  
with the great talent of ,tibaldi1 but  
lavished his assistance on inferior men1
 ,sebastian del ,piombo and ,daniel of  
,volterra4 ,we think he does not do fair
 justice to the merits of these         
undoubtedly great men4 ,we shall have   
occasion hereafter to notice his        
criticism on the great work of          
,sebastian1 in our ,national ,gallery4  
,we are surprised that he should        
consider ,sebastian del ,piombo         

deficient in ideal colour1 and that the 
lines of ,daniel of ,volterra are meagre
 and sterile of idea--his celebrated    
,descent from the ,cross being in its   
lines1 as tending to perfect the        
composition1 and to make full his great 
idea1 quite extraordinary4 ,poor        
,vasari1 who can never find favour with 
our author1 is considered the great     
depravator of the style of ,michael     
,angelo4  ,at the too early death of    
,raffaelle1 his style fell into gradual 
decay4 ,still ,julio ,romano1 and       
,polidoro da ,carravaggio1 deserted     
indeed the standard of their master1 but
 with a dignity and magnitude of compass
 which command respect4  ,the taste of  
,julio ,romano was not pure enough to   
detach him from deformity and grimace   
and ungenial colour4 ,primaticcio and   
,nicolo dell ,abate propagated the style
 of ,julio ,romano on the ,gallic side  
of the ,alps1 in mythologic and         
allegoric works4 ,these frescoes from   
the ,odyssea at ,fontainbleau are lost1 

but are worthy admiration1 though in the
 feeble etchings of ,theodore van       
,fulden4 ,the ideal light and shade1 and
 tremendous breadth of manner of        
,michael ,angelo ,amerigi1 surnamed ,il 
,caravaggi1 are next commended4 ,the aim
 and style of the ,roman school deserve 
little further notice here1 till the    
appearance of ,nicolo ,poussin4 ,his    
partiality for the antique mainly       
affected his style4 ,he has left        
specimens to show that he was sometimes 
sublime1 and often in the highest degree
 pathetic4 ,mr ,fuseli takes occasion1  
by contrasting the classic regularity of
 ,poussin with the wildness of ,salvator
 ,rosa--we think unnecessarily1 because 
there seems to be no true point of      
comparison1 and unjustly to censure that
 great1 we may say1 that original       
painter4 ,we have noticed occasionally a
 capricious dislike in our author to    
some artists1 for which we are at a loss
 to account4 ,that ,salvator should hide
 by boldness of hand his inability of   

exhibiting her 7,nature7 impassioned1 is
 a sentence that will scarcely meet with
 an assenting critic4 ,the wealth and   
luxury of ,venice soon demanded of art1 
to sacrifice the modesty of nature to   
ostentation4 ,the principle of ,titian  
was1 however1 followed by ,tintoretto1  
,bassan1 ,paul ,veronese1 and then      
passed to ,velasquez the ,spaniard1 in  
,italy4 ,from him ,rubens and ,vandyck  
attempted to transplant it to ,flanders1
 ,france1 and ,england1 with unequal    
success4 ,the style of ,correggio       
scarcely survived him1 for he had more  
imitators of parts than followers of the
 whole4 ,his grace became elegance under
 the hand of ,parmegiano4 ,that         
disengaged play of delicate forms1 the  
'saltezza' of the ,italians1 is the     
prerogative of ,parmegiano1 though      
nearly always obtained at the expense of
 proportion4 ,we cannot agree with the  
lecturer1 that the ,moses of            
,parmegiano--if he speaks of the ,moses 
referred to in the ,discourses of ,sir  

,joshua1 of which ,mr ,burnet1 in his   
second edition1 has given a plate--loses
 the dignity of the lawgiver in the     
savage4 ,such was the state of art to   
the foundation of the ,eclectic ,school 
by the ,caracci--an attempt to unite the
 excellences of all schools4 ,the       
principles are perpetuated in a sonnet  
by ,agostino ,caracci4 ,the ,caracci    
were1 however1 in their practice above  
their precepts4 ,theirs1 too1 was the   
school of the ,naturalists4 ,ludovico is
 particularly praised for his solemnity 
of hue1 most suited to his religious    
subjects--that sober twilight1 the air  
of cloistered meditation1 which you have
 so often heard recommended as the      
proper tone of historic colour4 ,if the 
recommendation has at our ,academy been 
often heard1 it has entirely lost its   
influence2 our ,english school is--with 
an ignorance of the real object of      
colour1 or with a very bad taste as to  
its harmony--running into an opposite   
extravagance1 destructive of real power1

 glaring and distracting where it ought 
to concentrate through vision the ideas 
of the mind4 ,annibal ,caracci had more 
power of execution1 but not the taste of
 ,agostino4 ,in their immediate         
scholars1 the lecturer seems little     
disposed to see fairly their several    
excellences4 ,they are out of the view  
of his bias4 ,they are not ,michael     
,angelesque4 ,his judgment of           
,domenichino--a painter who greatly     
restored the simplicity and severity of 
the elder schools1 and greatly surpassed
 his masters--is an instance of         
blindness to a power in art which we    
would almost call new1 that is very     
strange to see4 ,domenichino1 more      
obedient than the rest to his masters1  
aimed at the beauty of the antique1 the 
expression of ,raphael1 the vigour of   
,annibal1 the colour of ,ludovico2 and  
mixing something of each1 fell short of 
all4 ,nor do we think him just with     
regard to ,guercino1 or even at all     
describing his characteristic style1    

when he speaks of his fierceness of     
chiaroscuro1 and intrepidity of hand4   
,we readily give up to him the great but
 abused talents of ,pietro da ,cortona1 
a painter without sentiment1 and the    
fascinating but debauched and empty     
facility of ,luca ,giordano4  ,the      
,german schools here come under         
consideration1 which1 simultaneously    
with those of ,italy1 and without       
visible communication1 spread the       
principles of art4 ,towards the decline 
of the fifteenth century1 the uncouth   
essays of ,martin ,schoen1 ,michael     
,wolgemuth1 and ,albrecht ,altorfer1    
were succeeded by the finer polish and  
the more dexterous method of ,albert    
,durer4 ,his well-known figure of       
,melancholy would alone entitle him to  
rank4 ,the breadth and power of his wood
 engravings are worthy of admiration4   
,mr ,fuseli thinks his colour went      
beyond his age1 and as far excelled1 in 
truth and breadth of handling1 the      
oil-colour of ,raphael1 as ,raphael     

excels him in every other quality4 ,his 
influence was not unfelt in ,italy4 ,it 
is visible in the style of even the     
imitators of ,michael ,angelo--,andrea  
del ,sarto1 particularly in the angular 
manner of his draperies4 ,though ,albert
 ,durer had no scholars1 he was imitated
 by the ,dutch ,lucas of ,leyden4 ,now  
it was that the style of ,michael       
,angelo1 spread by the graver of        
,giorgio ,mantuano1 brought to ,italy   
those caravans of ,german1 ,dutch1 and  
,flemish students1 who1 on their return 
from ,italy1 at the courts of ,prague   
and ,munich1 in ,flanders and the       
,netherlands1 introduced the            
preposterous manner1 the bloated        
excrescence of diseased brains1 which1  
in the form of man1 left nothing human2 
distorted action and gesture with       
insanity of affectation1 and dressed the
 gewgaws of children in colossal shapes4
 ,but though such as ,golzius1          
,spranger1 ,heyntz1 and ,abach1 fed on  
the husks of ,tuscan design1 they       

imbibed the colour of ,venice1 and      
spread the elements of that excellence  
which distinguished the succeeding      
schools of ,flanders and of ,holland4   
,so it was till the appearance of       
,rubens and ,rembrandt--both of whom1   
disdaining to acknowledge the usual laws
 of admission to the temple of ,fame1   
boldly forged their own keys1 entered1  
and took possession1 each of a most     
conspicuous place1 by his own power4    
,rubens1 with many advantages1 acquired 
in his education at ,antwerp1 and       
already influenced by the gorgeous pomp 
of ,austrian and ,spanish superstition1 
arrived in ,italy rather as the rival   
than pupil of the masters whom he       
travelled to study4 ,whatever he        
borrowed from the ,venetian school--the 
object of his admiration--he converted  
into a new manner of florid             
magnificence4 ,it is just the excellence
 of ,rubens--the completeness1 the      
congruity of his style--that has raised 
him to the eminence in the temple of    

fame which he will ever occupy4 ,a      
little short of ,rubens is intolerable3 
the clumsy forms and improprieties of   
his imitators are not to be endured4 ,mr
 ,fuseli excepts ,vandyck and ,abraham  
,drepenbeck from the censure passed upon
 the followers of ,rubens4 ,as          
,drepenbeck is not so well known1 we    
quote the passage respecting him3--,the 
fancy of ,drepenbeck1 though not so     
exuberant1 if ,i be not mistaken1       
excelled in sublimity the imagination of
 ,rubens4 ,his ,bellerophon1 ,dioscuri1 
,hippolytus1 ,ixion1 ,sisyphus1 fear no 
competitor among the productions of his 
master4 ,rembrandt he considers a genius
 of the first class in all but form4    
,chiaroscuro and colour were the        
elements1 in fact1 in which ,rembrandt  
reveled4 ,in these he was the poet--the 
maker4 ,he made colour and chiaroscuro  
throw out ideas of sublimity3 that he   
might throw himself the more into these 
great elements of his art1 and depend   
solely on their power1 he seems         

purposely not to have neglected form1   
but to have selected such as1 without   
beauty to attract1 should be merely the 
objects of life1 the sensitive beings in
 his world of mystery4 ,that such was   
his intention we cannot doubt2 because  
we cannot imagine the beautiful but too 
attractive figures of the ,apollo or the
 ,venus adopted into one of his         
pictures4 ,excepting in a few instances1
 we would not wish ,rembrandt's forms   
other than they are4 ,they appear       
necessary to his style4 ,mr ,fuseli     
speaks very favourably of art in        
,switzerland2 but says there are only   
two painters of name--,holbein1 and     
,francis ,mola4 ,the designs of the     
,passion and ,dance of ,death of the    
former1 are instanced as works of       
excellence4 ,mola1 we are surprised to  
find ranked as ,swiss2 for he is        
altogether1 in art1 ,italian4 ,the      
influence of the school and precepts of 
the ,caracci1 produced in ,france an    
abundant harvest of mediocrity4 ,in     

,france was the merit of ,michael       
,angelo first questioned4 ,there are1   
however1 names that rescue ,france from 
the entire disgrace of the abandonment  
of the true principles of art3 ,nicolo  
,poussin1 ,le ,sueur1 ,le ,brun1        
,sebastian ,bourdon1 and ,pierre        
,mignard4 ,the ,seven ,works of         
,charity1 by ,seb4 ,bourdon1 teem with  
surprising1 pathetic1 and always novel  
images2 and in the ,plague of ,david1 by
 ,pierre ,mignard1 our sympathy is      
roused by energies of terror and        
combinations of woe1 which escaped      
,poussin and ,raphael himself4 ,of      
,spanish art he says but little1 but    
that the degree of perfection attained  
by ,diego ,velasquez1 ,joseph ,ribera1  
and ,murillo1 in pursuing the same      
object by means as different as         
successful1 impresses us with deep      
respect for the variety of their powers4
 ,art1 as every thing else1 has its     
fashion4 ,the ,spanish school have1 of  
later years1 been more eagerly sought   

for2 and a strange whim of the day has  
attached a very extraordinary value to  
the works of ,murillo--a painter in     
colour generally monotonous1 and in form
 and expression almost always vulgar4   
,art in ,england is the next subject of 
the lecture4 ,he takes a view of it from
 the age of ,henry ,,viii4 to our own4  
,no great encouragement was here given  
to art till the time of ,charles ,i43   
,holbein1 indeed1 and ,zucchero1 under  
,elizabeth1 were patronized1 but were   
condemned to ,gothic work and portrait  
painting4 ,the troubles and death of    
,charles ,i4 were a sad obstacle to art4
 ,his son1 in possession of the         
,cartoons of ,raphael1 and with the     
magnificence of ,whitehall before his   
eyes1 suffered ,verio to contaminate the
 walls of his palaces1 or degraded ,lely
 to paint the ,cymons and ,iphigenias of
 his court2 whilst the manner of        
,kneller swept completely what might yet
 be left of taste under his successors4 
,such was the equally contemptible and  

deplorable state of ,english art1 till  
the genius of ,reynolds first rescued   
from the mannered depravation of        
foreigners his own branch2 and1 soon    
extending his view to the higher        
departments of art1 joined that select  
body of artists who addressed the ever  
open ear1 ever attentive mind1 of our   
royal founder with the first idea of    
this establishment4 ,after this little  
parade of our artists as a body1 but    
four are mentioned by name--,reynolds1  
,hogarth1 ,gainsborough1 and ,wilson4   
,we are surprised that1 in this summary 
history of art1 no notice has been taken
 of ,van ,eyck1 and the influence of his
 discovery on art4 ,nor are we less     
surprised that so important a branch as 
landscape painting should have been     
omitted2 ,claude and ,gaspar ,poussin   
not mentioned2 yet1 in the ,english     
school1 ,wilson is spoken of1 whose sole
 merit rested upon his landscape4 ,he   
should more distinctly have stated his  
purpose to treat only of high and       

historical art4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,,third           
,,lecture4--,in the commencement1 there 
is an unnecessary1 and rather affectedly
 written disquisition of the old        
question1 or rather comparison between  
poetry and painting1 from which nothing 
is to be learned2 nor does it suggest   
any thing4 ,nor do we now-a-days want to
 read pages to tell us what invention   
is1 and how it differs from             
creation--nor is it at all important in 
matters of art1 that we should draw any 
such distinction at all4 ,it is far     
better to go at once in medias res1 and 
take it for granted that the reader both
 knows and feels1 without metaphysical  
discussion1 what that invention is which
 is required to make a great painter4   
,nor are we disposed to look upon       
otherwise than impertinent1 while we are
 waiting for didactic rules1 the being  
told that he who discovers a gold mine1 
is surely superior to him who afterwards
 adapts the metal for use2 especially   

when it is paraded with comparisons     
between ,colombo and ,amerigo ,vespucci1
 and a misplaced panegyric on ,newton4  
,and much of this is encumbered with    
language that fatigues and makes a plain
 matter obscure4 ,there is a little     
affectation sometimes in ,mr ,fuseli's  
writing of ,ciceronic ambages1 that is  
really injurious to the good sense and  
just thoughts1 which would without this 
display1 come free1 open1 and with      
power4 ,some pages1 too1 are taken up   
with a preliminary argument--whether it 
be within the artist's province or not1 
to find or to combine a subject from    
himself1 without having recourse to     
tradition1 or the stores of history and 
poetry4 ,we have a display of learning  
to little purpose1 quotations from      
,latin and ,greek1 really nihil ad rem2 
the ,greek3 phantasias of the ,greek1   
and visiones of the ,romans4 ,who that  
ever saw even one work of ,hogarth1 the 
,marriage a la ,mode1 would for a moment
 think the question worth a thought4    

,the misnamed gladiator of ,agasias1    
seems forced into this treatise1 for the
 sole purpose of showing ,mr ,fuseli's  
reading1 and after all1 he leaves the   
figure as uncertain as he finds it4 ,he 
once thought it might have been an      
,alcibiades rushing from the flames1    
when his house was fired2 but is more   
satisfied that it might form an         
admirable ,ulysses bestriding the deck  
of his ship to defend his companions    
from the descending fangs of ,scylla1 or
 rather1 with indignation and anguish1  
seeing them already snatched up1 and    
writhing in the mysterious gripe4 ,in   
such fanciful humours1 it might be made 
to mean any thing or any body4 ,and we  
are1 after all1 quite at a loss to know 
whether the conjecture is offered as a  
specimen of invention4 ,he considers the
 cartoon of ,pisa the most striking     
instance1 of the eminent place due to   
this intuitive faculty among the        
principal organs of invention--we mark  
these words in italics1 not quite       

certain of their meaning4 ,the work is  
engraved for ,foster1 by ,schiavonetti2 
and a wonderful work it is--the work of 
,michael ,angelo begun in competition   
with ,leonardo da ,vinci4 ,the original 
is said to have been destroyed by       
,baccio ,bandinelli2 still there are the
 ancient prints and drawings which show 
the design1 and there is a small copy at
 ,holkham4 ,benvenuto ,cellini--and     
could there be a better                 
authority8--denies that the powers      
afterwards exerted in the ,capella      
,sistina1 arrive at half its excellence4
 ,mr ,fuseli's description is so good1  
that we give it entire4 ,it represents  
an imaginary moment relative to the war 
carried on by the ,florentines against  
,pisa2 and exhibits a numerous group of 
warriors1 roused from their bathing in  
the ,arno1 by the sudden signal of a    
trumpet1 and rushing to arms4 ,this     
composition may1 without exaggeration1  
be said to personify with unexampled    
variety1 that motion which ,agasias and 

,theon embodied in single figures4 ,in  
imagining this transient moment from    
state of relaxation to a state of       
energy1 the ideas of motion1 to use the 
bold figure of ,dante1 seem to have     
showered into the artist's mind4 ,from  
the chief1 nearly placed in the centre1 
who precedes1 and whose voice           
accompanies the trumpet1 every age of   
human agility1 every attitude1 every    
feature of alarm1 haste1 hurry1         
exertion1 eagerness1 burst into so many 
rays1 like sparks flying from the       
hammer4 ,many have reached1 some boldly 
step1 some have leaped on the rocky     
shore2 here two arms emerging from the  
water1 grapple with the rock1 there two 
hands cry for help1 and their companions
 bend over or rush on to assist them3   
often imitated1 but inimitable1 is the  
ardent feature of the grim veteran1     
whose every sinew labours to force over 
the dripping limbs his clothes1 whilst  
gnashing1 he pushes the foot through the
 rending garment4 ,he is contrasted by  

the slender elegance of a half-averted  
youth1 who1 though eagerly buckling the 
armour to his thigh1 methodizes haste2  
another swings the high-raised hauberk  
on his shoulder2 whilst one1 who seems a
 leader1 mindless of his dress1 ready   
for combat1 and with brandished spear1  
overturns a third1 who crouched to grasp
 a weapon2 one1 naked himself1 buckles  
on the mail of his companion1 and he1   
turned toward the enemy1 seems to stamp 
impatiently the ground4 ,experience and 
rage2 old vigour1 young velocity2       
expanded or contracted1 vie in exertions
 of energy4 ,yet in this scene of       
tumult1 one motive animates the         
whole--eagerness to engage1 with        
subordination to command4 ,this         
preserves the dignity of the action1 and
 from a strangling rabble1 changes the  
figures to men1 whose legitimate contest
 interests our wishes4 ,another example 
is given--,raffaelle's ,incendio del    
,borgo--a good description follows3 the 
enraged elements of wind and fire1 we do

 not see in the original1 not even in   
the drapery of the woman with her back  
to us in the foreground4 ,speaking of   
this power of invention1 he says--after 
having1 as we conceive1 mistaken the aim
 of ,raffaelle in his ,madonnas1 and    
,holy families1 which was somewhat      
beyond even the charities of father1    
son1 and mother--,nor shall ,i follow it
 in its more contaminated descent1 to   
those representations of local manners  
and national modifications of society1  
whose characteristic discrimination and 
humorous exuberance1 for instance1 we   
admire in ,hogarth1 but which1 like the 
fleeting passions of the day1 every hour
 contributes something to obliterate1   
which soon become unintelligible by     
time1 or degenerate into caricature1 the
 chronicle of scandal1 the history-book 
of the vulgar4 ,it seems1 strangely     
enough1 to have been the fashion among  
the1 in comparison with ,hogarth1 puny  
academicians of that day1 to underrate  
that great painter1 that moral painter4 

,we really should pity the infatuated   
prejudice of the man1 who could see in  
the deep tragedy1 the moral tragedy1    
,marriage a la ,mode1 any humorous      
exuberance2 or not understand that the  
passions set forth1 and for a moral end1
 are not the fleeting passions of the   
day1 but as permanent as human          
nature--who could see1 in such series of
 pictures1 any caricature1 or that their
 object is to chronicle scandal4 ,that  
it is the history of the vulgar1 we     
dispute not4 ,for it is drama of the    
vulgar as of the unvulgar--a deep       
tragedy of human nature2 alas6 time has 
not made unintelligible these not       
fleeting passions of the day4 ,as long  
as man is man1 will ,hogarth be true to 
nature2 and nothing in art is more      
strange1 than that such opinions should 
emanate from an ,academy1 and be either 
ventured upon or received ex cathedra4  
,invention1 according to ,mr ,fuseli1   
receives its subjects from poetry or    
tradition--they are epic or sublime1    

dramatic or impassioned1 historic or    
circumscribed by truth4 ,the first      
astonishes1 the second moves1 the third 
informs4 ,we confess ourselves weary of 
this sort of classification4 ,they only 
tend to hamper the writer1 painter1 and 
critic4 ,it is possible for a work to   
admit all three1 and yet preserve its   
unity4 ,and such we believe to be the   
case with ,homer4 ,he is epic and       
dramatic in one1 and certainly historic4
 ,it is more ingenious than             
unquestionable1 that ,homer's purpose   
was to impress one forcible idea of     
war--its origin1 its progress1 and its  
end4 ,nor will the ,iliad be read with  
greater delight1 by the reader's        
reception of such an idea4 ,the drawing 
forth the purpose of ,michael ,angelo's 
design--his invention1 in the series of 
frescoes in the ,sistine ,chapel--is    
more happy4 ,that theocracy is the      
subject--the dispensations of           
,providence to man--the ,creation--life 
and adoration in ,adam and ,eve1 their  

sin1 their punishment1 their separation 
from ,god--justice and grace in the     
,deluge and covenant with               
,noah--prophets1 sibyls1 herald the     
,redeemer--and the patriarchs--the ,son 
of ,man--the brazen serpent--and the    
,fall of ,haman--the giant subdued by   
the stripling in ,goliah and ,david--and
 the conqueror destroyed by female      
weakness in ,judith1 are types of his   
mysterious progress1 till ,jonah        
pronounces him immortal4 ,the ,last     
,judgment1 and the ,saviour the ,judge  
of man1 complete the whole--and the     
,founder and the race are reunited4     
,such is the spirit of the general      
invention4 ,the specific invention of   
the pictures separate1 as each          
constitutes an independent whole1       
deserves our consideration next3 each   
has its centre1 from which it           
disseminates1 to which it leads back all
 secondary points1 arranged1 hid1 or    
displayed1 as they are more or less     
organs of the inspiring plan2 each      

rigorously is circumscribed by its      
generic character4 ,the more particular 
criticism on this great work of ,michael
 ,angelo1 is very good1 and we earnestly
 refer the reader to it4 ,he thinks the 
genius of ,michael ,angelo more generic 
in its aim--that of ,raffaelle more     
specific4 ,that as ,m4 ,angelo's aim was
 the destiny of man1 simply considered  
as the subject of religion1 faithful or 
rebellious1 admitting only a general    
feature of the passions2 so1 in the     
hands of ,raffaelle1 the subject would  
have teemed with a choice of imagery to 
excite our sympathies2 he would have    
combined all possible emotions with the 
utmost variety of probable or real      
character2 all domestic1 politic1       
religious relations--whatever is not    
local in virtue and in vice2 and the    
sublimity of the greatest events would  
have been merely the minister of        
sympathies and passions4 ,the latter    
mode of representing the subject1 that  
of ,raffaelle1 he considers dramatic4   

,the distinction is1 however1 doubtful3 
we do not see why the mode of ,m4       
,angelo may not be held to be equally   
dramatic4 ,the criticism on the         
comparison between ,raffaelle's and     
,michael ,angelo's ,adam and ,eve1 if   
not quite just1 is striking4 ,the       
elevation of ,michael ,angelo's soul1   
inspired by the operation of creation   
itself1 furnished him at once with the  
feature that stamped on human nature its
 most glorious prerogative2 whilst the  
characteristic subtility1 rather than   
sensibility1 of ,raffaelle's mind1 in   
this instance1 offered nothing but a    
frigid succedaneum--a symptom incident  
to all1 when1 after the subsided        
astonishment on a great and sudden      
event1 the mind1 recollecting itself1   
ponders on it with inquisitive surmise4 
,in ,michael ,angelo1 all               
self-consideration is absorbed in the   
sublimity of the sentiment which issues 
from the august presence that attracts  
,eve2 'her earthly1' in ,milton's       

expression1 'by his heavenly            
overpowered1' pours itself in adoration2
 whilst1 in the inimitable cast of      
,adam's figure1 we trace the hint of    
that half-conscious moment1 when sleep  
began to give way to the vivacity of the
 dream inspired4 ,in ,raffaelle1        
creation is complete--,eve is presented 
to ,adam1 now awake2 but neither the    
new-born charms1 the submissive grace1  
and virgin purity1 of the beauteous     
image2 nor the awful presence of her    
,introductor1 draw him from his mental  
trance1 into effusions of love or       
gratitude2 at ease reclined1 with       
fingers pointing at himself and his new 
mate1 he seems to methodize the         
surprising event that took place during 
his sleep1 and to whisper the           
words--'flesh of my flesh4' ,not        
subscribing to any criticism which      
concludes insensibility of mind to      
,raffaelle1 and which is rather         
inconsistent with the judgment made by  
,mr ,fuseli1 that he was the painter of 

expression1 from the utmost conflict of 
passions1 to the enchanting round of    
gentler emotion1 and the nearly silent  
hints of mind and character--we look to 
the object of the painter in this his   
series of works called his ,bible4 ,the 
first five pictures represent only the  
act of creation--the ,deity1 the        
,creator--all nature1 is as yet         
passive--even adoration1 the point      
chosen by ,michael ,angelo1 might be    
said scarcely to have begun--the plan is
 developed1 not put in action4 ,as yet1 
the ,deity is all in all--,eve1 his gift
 to ,adam1 is the last of this division 
of the series4 ,as in ,genesis1 there is
 the bare1 short statement1 grand from  
its simplicity1 and our knowledge of its
 after consequences2 but in the words   
unimpassioned--so ,raffaelle1 that he   
might make his pictorial language agree 
with the written book1 with utmost      
forbearance1 lest he should tell more1  
and beyond his authority1 in this       
portion of the series manifestly avoids 

expression1 or the introduction of any  
feeling that would make the creatures   
more than the most passive recipients of
 the goodness of their ,maker4 ,nor is  
there authority to show1 that as yet    
they were fully1 perfectly conscious of 
the nature of the gifts of life and     
companionship2 and we certainly do not  
agree with ,mr ,fuseli1 that it was a   
moment for ,adam to show his sensibility
 to the personal charms of ,eve--the    
pure ,adam--nor was he--the as yet      
untransgressing ,adam--to feel fear1 in 
the awful presence of the ,introductor4 
,raffaelle's aim seems to have been1 to 
follow the text in its utmost           
simplicity1 that the unlettered might   
read--and this justifies in him the     
personality of the ,creator1 and the    
apparently manual act of his creation1  
corresponding with the words--,god made4
 ,the allegoric drama of the ,church    
empire1 that fills the stanzas of the   
,vatican1 is praised by ,mr ,fuseli1    
with a full understanding of the purpose

 of the painter1 and feeling for its    
separate parts4 ,he does not cavil1 as  
some have done1 at the anachronisms4    
,when1 says an able1 reflecting1 and    
very amusing author1#b ,aristotle1      
,plato1 ,leo ,x41 and ,cardinal ,bembo1 
are brought together in the school of   
,athens1 every person must admit1 that  
such offences as these1 against truths  
so obvious1 if they do not arise from a 
defect of understanding1 are instances  
of inexcusable carelessness4 ,here we   
think this writer has missed the key of 
explanation4 ,the very picture is the   
history of the progress of mind1 through
 science and philosophy1 to the         
acknowledgment of an immortal being4    
,the very subject amalgamates1 in one   
moral idea1 times1 epochs1 localities4  
,it treats of that which passes over    
time1 and embodies only its results4 ,mr
 ,fuseli notices not these anachronisms1
 but says aptly of the picture--,what   
was the surmise of the eye and wish of  
hearts1 is gradually made the result of 

reason1 in the characters of the school 
of ,athens1 by the researches of        
philosophy1 which1 from bodies to mind1 
from corporeal harmony to moral fitness1
 and from the duties of society1 ascends
 to the doctrine of ,god and hopes of   
immortality4 ,the very entertaining     
author whom we have quoted above1 we    
must here1 somewhat out of place1       
observe1 has1 with ,mr ,fuseli1 mistaken
 the character of ,hogarth's works4 ,he 
says--,hogarth has painted comedy6 and  
what is very strange1 he seems to rank  
him as a comedian with ,pope1 ,young and
 ,crabbe--the last1 the most tragic in  
his pathos of any writer4 ,the invention
 in the ,cartoons comes next under ,mr  
,fuseli's observation4 ,in whatever     
light we consider their invention1 as   
parts of one whole1 relative to each    
other1 or independent each of the rest1 
and as single subjects1 there can be    
scarcely named a beauty or a mystery1 of
 which the ,cartoons furnish not an     
instance or a clue2 they are poised     

between perspicuity and pregnancy of    
moment4 ,we believe we understand the   
latter sentence2 it is1 however1        
somewhat affected1 and does not rightly 
balance the perspicuity4 ,we must go    
back1 however1 to a passage preceding   
the remarks on the ,cartoons2 because we
 wish1 above all things1 to vindicate   
the purest of painters from charges of  
licentiousness4 ,he sees in ,cupid and  
,psyche a voluptuous history3 this may  
or may not be so--we think it is far    
from being such2 but when he adds1 the  
voluptuous history of his 7,raffaelle's7
 own favourite passion1 he is following 
a prejudice1 an unfounded story--one    
which we think1 too1 has in no slight   
degree influenced his general criticism 
and estimation of ,raffaelle4 ,we would 
refer the reader to ,passavant's ,life  
of ,raffaelle1 where he will see this   
subject investigated1 and the tale      
refuted4 ,it is surprising1 but good men
 affect to speak of amorous passion as  
if it were a crime2 by itself it may    

disgust1 but surely coldness is not the 
better nature4 ,insensibilities of all  
kinds must be avoided1 even where ,amor1
 as ,mr ,fuseli calls him1 and ,psyche  
are the subjects4 ,it is the happiest   
genius that shall signify without       
offence the necessary existence of      
passion1 and leave purity in its        
singleness and innocence4 ,how          
exquisitely is this done by ,shakspeare 
in his ,romeo and ,juliet6 ,he keeps the
 lovers free from every grosser particle
 of love1 while he throws it all upon   
the subordinate characters1 particularly
 the nurse1 whose part in the drama1 in 
no small degree1 tends to naturalise to 
our sympathy the youth1 the personal    
beauty1 and whole loveliness1 of the    
unhappy ,romeo and ,juliet4  ,the       
differences of manner in which the same 
subject1 the ,murder of the ,innocents1 
has been represented by several         
painters1 according to the genius of    
each1 are well noticed4 ,history1       
strictly so called1 follows the drama2  

fiction now ceases1 and invention       
consists only in selecting and fixing   
with dignity1 precision1 and sentiment1 
the moments of reality4 ,he instances1  
by a given subject1 that were the artist
 to choose the ,death of ,germanicus1 he
 is never to forget that he is to       
represent a ,roman dying amidst ,romans1
 and not to suffer individual grief to  
un-,romanize his subject4 ,germanicus1  
,agrippina1 ,caius1 ,vitellius1 the     
,legates1 the ,centurions at ,antioch1  
the hero1 the husband1 the father1 the  
friend1 the leader--the struggles of    
nature and sparks of hope1 must be      
subjected to the physiognomic character 
and features of ,germanicus1 the son of 
,drusus1 the ,caesar of ,tiberius4      
,maternal1 female1 connubial passion1   
must be tinged by ,agrippina1 the woman 
absorbed in the ,roman1 less lover than 
companion of her husband's grandeur4    
,even the bursts of friendship1         
attachment1 allegiance1 and revenge1    
must be stamped by the military         

ceremonial1 and distinctive costume of  
,rome4 ,for an instance of this         
propriety of invention in history1      
reference is made1 we presume as much1  
to ,mr ,west's ,death of ,wolfe4        
,undoubtedly1 this is ,mr ,west's best  
picture4 ,the praise from ,mr ,fuseli   
was1 in all probability1 purely         
academic2 he frequently showed that he  
did not too highly estimate the genius  
of the painter4 ,having given these     
outlines of general and specific        
invention in the epic1 dramatic1 and    
historic branches of art1 he admits that
 there is not always a nice             
discrimination of their limits3 and as  
the mind and fancy of man1 upon the     
whole1 consist of mixed qualities1 we   
seldom meet with a human performance    
exclusively made up of epic1 dramatic1  
or pure historic materials4 ,this       
confession1 as it appears to us1 renders
 the classification useless to a        
student1 and shows a yet incomplete view
 of arrangement1 and specification of   

the power1 subjects1 and means of art4  
,indeed ,mr ,fuseli proceeds to         
instances wherein his epic assumes the  
dramatic1 the dramatic the epic1 and the
 historic both4 ,there does seem        
something wanting in an arrangement     
which puts the ,iliad and ,odyssey1 two 
works essentially different1 in the same
 category4 ,we do1 therefore1 venture   
the opinion1 that such distinctions are1
 more particularly in painting1 not     
available4 ,with ,sir ,joshua1 he       
considers borrowing justifiable1 and    
that it does not impair the originality 
of invention4 ,the instances given of   
happy adoption are the ,torso of        
,apollonius1 by ,michael ,angelo2 of the
 figure of ,adam dismissed from         
,paradise1 by ,raffaelle1 borrowed from 
,massaccio1 as likewise the figure of   
,paul at ,athens2 and for figures of    
,michael ,angelo's1 ,raffaelle1         
,parmegiano1 ,poussin1 are all indebted 
to the cartoon of ,pisa4 ,the lecture   
concludes with some just remarks upon   

the ,transfiguration1 and a censure upon
 the coldness of ,richardson1 and the   
burlesque of the ,french critic         
,falconet1 who could not discover the   
point of contact which united the two   
parts of this celebrated picture4       
,raphael's design was to represent      
,jesus as the ,son of ,god1 and1 at the 
same time1 the reliever of human misery1
 by an unequivocal fact4 ,the           
transfiguration on ,tabor1 and the      
miraculous cure which followed the      
descent of ,jesus1 united1 furnished the
 fact4 ,the difficulty was1 how to      
combine two successive actions in one   
moment4 ,he overcame it1 by sacrificing 
the moment of cure to that of the       
apparition1 by implying the lesser      
miracle in the greater4 ,in             
subordinating the cure to the vision1 he
 obtained sublimity2 in placing the     
crowd and patient on the foreground1 he 
gained room for the full exertion of his
 dramatic powers4 ,it was not necessary 
that the demoniac should be represented 

in the moment of recovery1 if its       
certainty could be expressed by other   
means4 ,it is implied1 it is placed     
beyond all doubt1 by the glorious       
apparition above2 it is made nearly     
intuitive by the uplifted hand and      
finger of the apostle in the centre1    
who1 without hesitation1 undismayed by  
the obstinacy of the demon1 unmoved by  
the clamour of the crowd1 and the       
pusillanimous scepticism of some of his 
companions1 refers the father of the    
maniac1 in an authoritative manner1 for 
certain and speedy help to his ,master  
on the mountain above1 whom1 though     
unseen1 his attitude at once connects   
with all that passes below4 ,here is the
 point of contact2 here is that union of
 the two parts of the fact in one       
moment1 which ,richardson and ,falconet 
could not discover4  ,it is with        
diffidence that we would suggest any    
thing upon a work that has so nearly    
exhausted criticism2 but we will venture
 an observation1 and if we are correct1 

the glory of the subject is heightened  
by its adoption4 ,it has ever appeared  
to us to have purposed showing at one   
view1 humanity in its highest1 its      
divinely perfected state1 the manhood   
taken into ,godhead2 and humanity in its
 lowest1 its most forlorn1 most degraded
 state1 in the person of a demoniac3 and
 this contrast seems                    
acknowledged--abhorrently felt1 by the  
reluctant spirit within the sufferer1   
whose attitude1 starting from the       
effulgence and the power which is yet to
 heal him1 being the strong action of   
the lower part of the picture1 and one  
of suffering1 throws the eye and mind of
 the spectator at once and permanently  
from earth to the heavenly vision1 to   
ascending prophets1 and that bright and 
central majesty1 whose countenance1 ,mr4
 ,fuseli observes1 is the only one we   
know expressive of his superhuman       
nature4 ,this idea of transformation to 
a higher nature is likewise kept up in  
the figures of the ascending prophets1  

and the apostles below4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,fourth ,lecture is in continuation of  
the subject--,invention2 but we have    
left little space for further remarks4  
,in another number of ,maga we shall    
resume our review of the lectures4      
,,footnotes3  #a ,perhaps the author of 
the lectures received this ill opinion  
of ,pausanias from ,julius ,caesar      
,scaliger1 who treats him as an         
impostor2 but he is amply vindicated by 
,vossius4 ,he lived in the second       
century1 and died very old at ,rome4 ,in
 his account of the numerous            
representations of the ,greek3          
,charites1 he seems to throw some light 
upon a passage in ,xenophon's           
,memorabilia1 which1 as far as we know1 
has escaped the notice of the           
commentators4 ,it is in the dialogue    
between ,socrates and the courtesan     
,theodote4 ,she wishes that he would    
come to her1 to teach her the art of    
charming men4 ,he replies1 that he has  

no leisure1 being hindered by many      
matters of private and public           
importance2 and he adds1 ,i have certain
 mistresses which will not allow me to  
be absent from them day nor night1 on   
account of the spells and charms1 which 
learning1 they receive from me--,greek3 
eisi de kai philai moi1 ai oute hemeras 
oute nuktos aph auton easousi me        
apienai1 philtra te manthanousai par    
emon kai epodas4 ,who were these ,greek3
 philai8 ,had he meant the virtues or   
moral qualities1 he would have spoken   
plainer1 as was his wont2 but here1     
where the subject is the personal       
beauty1 the charms of ,theodote1 it is  
more in the ,socratic vein that he      
refers to other personal charms1 which  
engage his thoughts night and day1 and  
keep him at home4 ,now1 it appears too1 
that ,socrates was taken to see her1 on 
account of the fame of her beauty1 and  
goes to her when she is sitting1 or     
rather standing1 to a painter2 and it is
 evident from the dialogue1 that she did

 not refuse the exhibition of her       
personal charms4 ,it seems1 then1 not   
improbable1 that ,socrates was induced  
to go to her as the painter went1 for   
the advantage of his art as a sculptor1 
and that the art was that one at home1  
the ,greek3 tis philotera sou endon4 ,be
 that as it may1 it is extremely        
probable that the ,greek3 philai were   
some personifications of feminine       
beauty1 upon which he was then at work4 
,are there1 then1 any such recorded as  
from his hand8 ,pausanias says there    
were4 ,thus ,socrates1 the son of       
,sophroniscus1 made for the ,athenians  
statues of the ,graces1 before the      
vestibule of the citadel1 ,and adds the 
curious fact1 that after that time the  
,graces were represented naked1 and that
 these were clothed4 ,greek3 ,sokrates  
te o ,sophrotonischon pro tes es ten    
akropolin esodon ,chariton eirgasato    
agalmata ,athenaiois4 ,kai tauta men    
estin homoios apanta en estheti4 ,oi de 
usteron1 ouk oida eph hoto1             

metabeblekasi to schema autais4         
,charitas goun1 oi kat eme eplasson te  
kai egraphon gumnas4 ,did not ,socrates 
allude to these his statues of the      
,graces8--,pausanias1 cap4 xxxv4 lib4   
#i4  #b ,the ,literary ,conglomerate1 or
 ,combination of ,various ,thoughts and 
,facts4 ,oxford3 #ahci4 ,printed by     
,thomas ,combe4     ,,something ,,about 
,,music4   ,gentle ,christians1 pity us6
 ,we are just returned from a musical   
entertainment1 and1 with aching head and
 stunned ears1 sit down and try to      
recover our equanimity1 sorely disturbed
 by the infliction which1 we regret to  
say1 we have survived4 ,had we known how
 to faint1 we had done so on the spot1  
that ours might have been the bliss of  
being carried out over the heads and    
shoulders of the audience ere the       
performance had well begun--a movement  
that would have insured us the unfeigned
 thanks of all whom we had rescued from 
their distressing situation under       
pretence of bearing us off1 splashing us

 with cold water1 causing doors to bang 
impressively during our exit1 and the   
various other petit soins requisite to  
the conducting a faint with dignity4    
,but it could not be accomplished4 ,we  
made several awkward attempts1 so little
 like1 that their only result was our   
being threatened with a policeman it we 
made any more disturbance2 so1 after a  
hasty glance round had assured us of the
 impracticability of making our escape  
in any more everyday style1 we sat down 
with a stern resolution of              
endurance--lips firmly compressed1 eyes 
fixed in a stony gaze on the orchestra1 
whence issued by turns groans1 shrieks1 
and screams1 from sundry foully-abused  
instruments of music2 accompanied by    
equally appalling sounds from flat1     
shrill signorinas1 quavering to         
distraction1 backed by gigantic basses1 
7double ones surely17 who1 with voices  
like the seven devils of the old        
,grecian1 bellowed out divers           
sentimentalisms about dying for love1   

when assuredly their most proximate     
danger was of apoplexy4  ,well1 the     
affair came to an end1 as1 it is to be  
hoped1 will every other evil in this    
wicked world2 in a spasm of thankfulness
 we extricated ourselves from the crush1
 and reached our home1 where1 under the 
genial influence of quiet and a cup of  
coffee1 we can afford to laugh at the   
past1 7our own vehement indignation     
included17 and ruminate calmly on the   
how and the why of the nuisance1 which  
appears to us as well worthy of being   
put down by act of parliament1 as the   
ringing of muffin bells and crying      
sweep6  ,it is a perfect puzzle to us by
 what process the standard of music has 
become so lowered1 as to make what is   
ordinarily served up under that name be 
received as the legitimate descendant of
 the harmony divine which erst broke on 
the ear of the listening world1 when the
 morning stars sang together2 and1 in   
the first freshness of its              
creation--teeming with melody--angels   

deigned to visit this terrestrial       
paradise1 nor turned an exile's gaze to 
that heaven whose strains were chanted  
in glad accordance with the murmuring   
stream1 and music of the waving         
forest--which1 in its greenness and     
beauty1 seemed but a little lower than  
its celestial archetype1 for            
,earth hath this variety from heaven4   
7,blessings on the poet for that line6  
,we have a most firm belief in ,milton1 
and receive his representations of      
heaven as we would those of a           
,daguerreotype47  ,but it is even so4   
,there is but one step from the sublime 
to the ridiculous1 and this entrancing  
art1 it seems1 has taken it2 sorely     
dislocating its graceful limbs1 and     
injuring its goodly proportions in the  
unseemly escapade4 ,there--we have      
played over a simple air1 one that      
thrills through our heart of hearts2 and
 as the notes die on our ears1 soothing 
though the strain be1 we feel our       
indignation increase1 and glow still    

more fiercely against this--music1 as it
 is by courtesy called1 for ,heaven     
knows it has no legitimate claim to the 
name6--till it reaches the crusading    
point1 and we rush headlong to a war of 
extermination against bars1 rests1      
crotchets1 quavers--undaunted even by   
staves1 and formidable inflated         
semibreves4  ,we hate your crashing1    
clumsy chords1 and utterly spit at and  
defy chromatic passages from one end of 
the instrument to the other1 and back   
again2 flats1 sharps1 and most          
appropriate naturals1 splattered all    
over the page4 ,the essential spirit of 
discord seems let loose on our modern   
music1 tainted1 as it were1 with the    
moral infection that has seized the     
land2 it is music for a democracy1 not  
the stately1 solemn measure of imperial 
majesty4 ,music to soothe6 the idea is  
obsolete1 buried with the ruffs and     
farthingales of our great-grandmothers2 
or1 to speak more soberly1 with the     
powdered wigs and hoops of their        

daughters4 ,there is music to excite1   
much to irritate one1 and much more to  
drive a really musical soul stark mad2  
but none to soothe1 save that which is  
drawn from the hiding-places of the     
past4  ,we should like to catch one of  
the old masters--,handel1 for           
instance--and place him within the range
 of one of our modern executioners1 to  
whose taste767 carte-blanche had been   
given4 ,we think we see him under the   
infliction4 ,neither the hurling of wig1
 nor yet of kettle-drum1 at the head of 
the performer1 would relieve his        
outraged spirit3 he would strangle the  
offender on the spot1 and hang himself  
afterwards2 and the jury would1 in the  
first case1 return a verdict of         
justifiable homicide1 and1 in the       
second1 of justifiable suicide1 with a  
deodand of no ordinary magnitude on the 
musical instrument that had led to the  
catastrophe4  ,there is no repose1 no   
refreshment to the mind1 in our popular 
compositions2 they are like ,turner's   

skies--they harass and fatigue1 leaving 
you certainly wondering at their        
difficulty1 but1 as certainly1 wishing  
they had been impossible4 ,there is to  
us more of touching pathos1             
heart-thrilling expression1 in some of  
the old psalm-tunes1 feelingly played1  
than in a whole batch of modernisms4    
,the strains go home1 and the fountains 
of the great deep are broken up--the    
great deep of unfathomable feeling1 that
 lies far1 far below the surface of the 
world-hardened heart2 and as the        
unwonted1 yet unchecked1 tear starts to 
the eye1 the softened spirit yields to  
their influence1 and shakes off the moil
 of earthly care2 rising1 purified and  
spiritualized1 into a clearer           
atmosphere4 ,strange1 inexplicable      
associations brood over the mind1       
,like the far-off dreams of paradise1   
mingling their chaste melancholy with   
musings of a still subdued1 though more 
cheerful character4 ,how many glad      
hearts in the olden time have rejoiced  

in these songs of praise--how many      
sorrowful ones sighed out their         
complaints in those plaintive notes1    
that steal sadly1 yet sweetly1 on the   
ear--hearts that1 now cold in death1 are
 laid to rest around that sacred fane1  
within whose walls they had so often    
swelled with emotion6 ,tell us not of   
neatly trimmed cemeteries1 redolent of  
staring sunflowers1 priggish shrubs1 and
 all the modern coxcombry of the tomb2  
with nicely swept gravel walks1 lest the
 mourner should get wet on's feet1 and  
vaults numbered like warehouses1 where  
parties may bring their own minister1   
and be buried with any form1 or no form1
 if they like it better4 ,no1 give us   
the village churchyard with its sombre  
yew-trees1 among which       ,the dial1 
hid by weeds and flowers1      ,hath    
told1 by none beheld1 the solitary      
hours2  its grassy hillocks1 and        
mouldering grave-stones1 where haply all
 record is obliterated1 and nought but a
 solitary resurgam meets the enquiring  

eye2 its white-robed priest reverently  
committing earth to earth1 in sure and  
certain hope of a joyful resurrection to
 the slumbering clay1 that was wont to  
worship within the grey and time-stained
 walls1 whence the mournful train have  
now borne him to his last rest2 while on
 the ivy-clad tower fall the slanting   
golden beams of an autumnal sun1 that1  
in its declining glory1 seems to whisper
 of hope and consolation to the         
sorrowful ones1 reminding them that the 
night of the tomb shall not endure for  
ever1 but that1 so surely as the great  
orb of day shall return on the wings of 
the morning to chase away the tears of  
the lamenting earth1 so surely shall the
 dust1 strewed around that temple1      
scattered though it may be to the winds 
of heaven1 rise again in the morning of 
the ,resurrection1 when death shall be  
swallowed up in victory4       ',tis fit
 his trophies should be rife            
,around the place where he's subdued2   
,the gate of death leads forth to life4 

,but we are wandering sadly from our    
subject2 it is perhaps quite as well    
that we have done so1 for we should have
 become dangerous had we dwelt much     
longer on it4 ,we were on the point of  
wishing 7,nero-like7 that our popular   
professors of the tuneful art had but   
one neck1 that we might exterminate them
 at a blow1 or hang them with one       
gigantic fiddle-string2 but now1 thanks 
to our episode1 our exacerbated feelings
 are so far mollified1 that we will be  
content with wishing them sentenced to  
grind knives on oil-less stones with    
creaking axles1 till the sufferings of  
their own shall have taught them        
consideration for the ears of other     
people4  ,but music1 real music--not in 
the harsh1 exaggerated style now in the 
ascendant1 but simple1 pure1 melodious1 
such as might have entranced the soul of
 a ,handel1 when1 in some vision of     
night1 sounds swept from angelic harps  
have floated around him1 the gifted one1
 in whose liquid strains and stately    

harmonies fall on our ravished ears the 
echoes of that immortal joy--such we    
confess to be one of our idols1 before  
whose shrine we pay a willing1 gladsome 
homage2 though now1 alas6 it must be in 
dens and caves of the earth1 since      
modern heresy has banished it from the  
temple of ,apollo4  ,see how ,toryism   
peeps out even in the fine arts6 ,even  
did we say8 ,they are its legitimate    
province2 ,the old is better1 is        
inscribed in glowing character on the   
portals of the past4 ,old ,painting6    
,see the throbbing form start from the  
pregnant canvass--the ,mother of ,god   
folding her ,divine ,son to her all but 
celestial arms--the ,son of ,god        
fainting beneath a load of woe1 not his 
own4 ,old ,poetry6 ,glorious old ,homer1
 with his magic song2 and sturdy1       
oak-like in his strength1 as in his     
verdure1 old ,chaucer4 ,old ,music6     
,hail1 ye inspired sons of the lyre6 ,a 
noble host are ye1 enshrined in the     
hearts of all loyal worshippers of the  

tuneful god4 ,and yet 7we grieve to     
confess it7 we1 even we1 spite of all   
our enthusiasm1 have been seen laughing 
at old music1 the aspiring psalmody of a
 country church singing-pew4  ,oh1 to   
see the row of performers1 the          
consequential choir1 transcending in    
importance 7in their own eyes7 the      
clerk1 the curate1 the rector1 and even 
the squire from the great hall1 majestic
 and stern though he be1 with his awful 
wig and gold-headed cane6 ,there are the
 fubsy boys--copied apparently from     
cherubim--who1 with glowing1 distended  
cheeks1 are simpering on the ceiling1   
doing the tenor1 with wide open mouths  
that would shame e'er a barn-door in the
 village2 their red1 stumpy fingers     
sprawling over the music which they are 
7not7 reading4 ,the pale1 lantern-jawed 
youths1 in yellow waistcoats and tall   
shirt-collars1 who look as if they were 
about to whistle a match1 are holloing  
out what is professionally1 and in this 
instance with most distressing truth1   

termed counter4 ,counter it is with a   
vengeance2 and not only so1 but it is a 
neck-and-neck race between them and the 
urchins aforesaid1 which shall have done
 first4 ,the shock-headed man1 with chin
 dropped into his neckerchief1 and mouth
 twisted into every unimaginable        
contortion1 as though grinning through a
 horse-collar1 has the bass confided to 
his faithful keeping2 and emits a       
variety of growls and groans truly      
appalling1 though evidently to his own  
great comfort and satisfaction4 ,the    
bassoon1 the clarinet1 the flute--but   
how shall we describe them6 ,suffice it 
to say1 that they appeared to be        
suffering inexpressible torments at the 
hands of their apoplectic-looking       
performers2 who were all at the last    
gasp1 and all determined to die bravely 
at their posts4 ,and then the entranced 
audience1 with half-shut eyes and       
quivering palms6 ,oh1 it was too much2  
we lost our character typo irretrievably
 that day2 half suppressed titters from 

the squire's pew were not to be borne4  
,in that unhappy moment we sinned away  
some quarter of a century's unrivalled  
reputation for good manners and musical 
taste4 ,old ,fiddlestrings never forgave
 us1 never did he vouchsafe us another  
anthem1 spite of our entreaties and     
protestations1 and the thousand and one 
apologies for our ill-timed merriment1  
which our fruitful brain invented on the
 spot4 ,to his dying day he preserved   
the utmost contempt for our judgment1   
not only in this department of the fine 
arts1 but also on every other subject4  
,not to admire his music1 was           
condemnation in every thing--an         
unpardonable offence4 ,we1 who had been 
his great friend1 patron1 7or rather he 
was ours17 to whom he had so often      
condescended on the ,saturday evening to
 hum1 whistle1 and too-too over the     
tune--of his own composing--that was to 
be the admiration of the whole parish on
 the succeeding day--we were henceforth 
to be as the uninitiated1 and left to   

find out1 and follow1 as we best might1 
the very eccentric windings of his      
,sunday's asthmatic performance2 which  
always went at the rate of three        
crotchets and a cough1 to the end of the
 psalm1 which he took care should be an 
especial long one4  ,poor old man6 we   
see him now1 with his unruly troop of   
,sunday scholars 7in training for some  
important festival1 to the due          
celebration of which their labours were 
essential7 singing1 bawling we should   
say1 out of time and tune1 to the utter 
discomfiture of his irritable temper1   
7there is nothing like a false note for 
throwing your musical man into a perfect
 tantrum17 and the bringing down on     
their unlucky heads a smart tap with the
 bow of his violin1 which led the       
harmony4 ,there they stood with their   
brown cheeks and white heads1 fine      
specimens of the agricultural interest2 
each one of them looking as if he could 
bolt a poor1 half-starved factory child 
at a mouthful--but certainly no singers4

 ,it was beyond the power even of the   
accomplished old clerk himself to make  
then such--an oyster1 with its mouth    
full of sand1 would have sung quite as  
well2 but still he laboured on with     
might and main--with closed eyes1 and   
open mouth--delightedly beating time    
with his head1 as long as matters went  
on not intolerably2 for ,david's musical
 soul supplied the deficiency in the    
sounds that entered his unwearied ears4 
,and then he sang so loud himself1 that 
he certainly could hear no one else1 his
 voice being as monopolizing as the     
drone of a bagpipe--or as a violent     
advocate for free trade6 ,happy urchins 
when this was the case6 for they were   
sure to be dismissed with the most      
flattering encomiums on their vocal     
powers1 when1 if truth must be told1 the
 good old man had not heard a note4     
,but he is gathered to his fathers1 and 
now sleeps beneath the sod in the quiet 
churchyard of----4 ,we well remember his
 funeral4 ',twas a lovely day in spring 

when the long1 lifeless trees and fields
 were bursting into all the glory of    
,may--for ,may was spring then1 and not1
 as now1 cousin-german to winter2 while 
the gay sunbeams played lovingly1 like  
youth caressing age1 on the low         
church-tower1 gilding the ivy that waved
 in wild luxuriance around it4 ,slowly  
moved on the lowly train that bore to   
the house appointed for all living the  
mortal remains of one whom they well    
loved1 and whose removal from among     
them--essential as he had always seemed 
to the very identity of the village--was
 an event they had never contemplated   
and which they now1 in its              
unexpectedness1 sorely lamented4 ,the   
village choir preceded it1 singing those
 strains which poor ,david's voice had  
so often led2 and surely1 for once1 the 
spirit of the old man rested on his     
refractory pupils2 for rarely have ,i   
heard sweeter notes than those that     
swelled on the balmy air1 as the dusky  
procession wound its way across the     

heath1 waving with harebells1 and along 
the narrow lane1 whose hedges were      
beginning to show the first faint rose1 
till it reached the church porch1 where 
the good rector himself was waiting to  
pay the last token of respect to his    
humble friend2 while groups of villagers
 were loitering around to witness the   
simple rites4 ,entering within the      
church1 again was the voice of melody   
heard1 and again was as sweetly chanted 
that mournful psalm1 which is appointed1
 with such affecting appropriateness1   
for the burial of the dead4 ,i said1 ,i 
will take heed to my ways1 that ,i      
offend not in my tongue2 ,i will keep my
 mouth1 as it were1 with a bridle1 while
 the ungodly is in my sight4 ,then came 
the dull1 hollow sound of earth to      
earth1 dust to dust1 ashes to ashes2 and
 so1 amid many tears1 7and we confess   
our eyes were not dry17 closed the grave
 over one who1 despite some innocent1   
though mirth-provoking failings1 was    
honoured by all who knew him for the    

stern1 unbending integrity of his       
character1 and the strictness with which
 he fulfilled all the duties of life4   
,david was an honest man1 one whose word
 was as good as his bond1 who promised  
to his hurt1 and changed not4 ,would    
that as much might be said of many who  
move in a higher sphere1 and make far   
larger professions of sanctity than he  
did6 ,but he shall be remembered1 when  
their names are blotted out for ever4   
,only the actions of the just           
,smell sweet in death1 and blossom in   
the dust4  ,the music which we hear in  
our social intercourse1 is too          
generally--we say it in grief1 but in   
truth--detestable4 ,like figures on a   
dial-plate1 sit the four-and-twenty     
,englishmen and ,englishwomen1 who have 
been drawn together to receive their    
friend's hospitality2 till the awful    
silence convinces the host that some    
desperate effort must be made to break  
the spell1 and that the best thing is   
some music to set them a-talking4 ,some 

mimini-pimini ,miss is in consequence   
selected as the victim1 7or rather1 the 
victimizer17 and requested to pain the  
company4 ,she fidgets1 bridles1 and duly
 declines1 at the same time vigorously  
pulling off one of her gloves in evident
 preparation for the attack4 ,after much
 pressing1 she reluctantly yields to    
what she had from the first made up her 
mind to do2 takes her seat at a grand   
pianoforte1 behind a couple of candles  
and an enormous music-book1 and--crash  
go the keys in a thundering prelude1    
7the pedal1 and every other means of    
increasing the noise being              
unscrupulously resorted to17 which1     
after superhuman exertions1 lands her in
 what1 to our affrighted and stunned    
ears1 is evidently the key of ,z flat6  
,who would have thought those delicate  
hands could thus descend with the vigour
 of a pavior's hammer on the unhappy    
ivories1 that groan and shriek beneath  
the infliction1 as though fully sensible
 of the surpassing cruelty with which   

they are treated4  ,but hark6 she       
sings--,rome1 ,rome1 thou art n'more1   
7sic7--a furious scramble on the keys1  
with a concluding bang--,on thy seven   
hills thou satt'st of yore1--another    
still more desperate and discordant     
flourish1 which continues alternating   
with her most sweet voice1 till she has 
piped through the whole of her song3    
when the group around1 apprehensive of a
 repetition of the torture to which they
 have been subjected1 overwhelm her with
 thanks and expressions of admiration1  
under cover of which they hurry her to  
her seat4 ,such is the stuff palmed off 
on us1 varied as it is by glees1        
screamed out by four voices all in      
different keys2 solos1 squeaked out by  
stout gentlemen1 and roared by pale     
lanky lads of eighteen2 duets by young  
ladies1 who accidentally set out on     
discordant notes1 and don't find out the
 mistake till they come to the finale2  
with occasionally a psalm crooned by    
worthy sexagenarians1 guiltless alike of

 ear and voice1 but who1 seeming to     
think it a duty to add their mite to the
 inexpressible dissonance1 perform the  
same to the unmixed dismay of all their 
hearers4  ,we would far rather hear an  
unpretending street organ than such     
abominations2 and1 indeed1 some of the  
itinerant music is1 to our              
unsophisticated ears1 sweet beyond      
expression1 especially when accompanied1
 as it is sometimes1 by a rich ,italian 
or reedy ,german voice2 for whose sake  
we can forgive the tuneless squalls that
 too often greet our ears from          
ambulatory minstrels1 be they of the    
,madonna1 or fishy1 ,dutch-swamp style  
of beauty4 ,a sweet-toned street organ1 
heard in the distance1 when all around  
is still1 is not a thing to be despised1
 by those who have music enough in their
 souls to respond to the slightest      
touches of ,apollo's lyre4 ,if the heart
 be but attuned to harmony1 it will     
vibrate to the simplest notes1 faint    
though they be1 as by the wafting of the

 evening breeze among the chords of a   
neglected harp1 sadly hung upon the     
willows2 it will cherish the feeblest   
idea1 and nurture it into perfect       
melody4 ,as love begets love1 so does   
harmony beget its kind in the heart of  
him who can strike the keynote of       
nature1 and listen to the wild and      
solemn sounds that swell from her       
mysterious treasure-house1 and echo     
among her eternal hills1 while the      
celestial arch concludes and re-affirms 
the wondrous cadence4 ,but these are    
secrets revealed to none but her loving 
worshipper2 he who1 with a reverential  
homage1 seeks the hidden recesses of her
 temple1 to bend in awe before her      
purest shrine4 ,from him who lingers    
heedlessly in her antechamber with faint
 loyalty1 they are deeply veiled1 and   
the glowing revelations of her favoured 
ones seem but as the recital of a dream 
to his cold heart3 for to love is to    
know4  ,but surely of all instruments1  
the violin1 first-rately played1 is the 

most--yes1 we will say it--heavenly4    
,hark6 to the clear1 vocal melody1 now  
rapturously rising in one soul-exalting 
strain1 anon melting away in the        
saddest1 tenderest lament1 as though the
 soft summer breeze sighed forth a      
requiem over the dying graces of its    
favourite flower2 then bursting forth in
 haughty1 triumphant notes1 swept in    
gusts from the impassioned strings1 as  
though instinct with life1 and glowing  
with disdain4 ,any one may see that     
painters are no musicians1 else had they
 furnished their angels not with        
harps--beautiful and sparkling as the   
sea-foam1 as are their most graceful    
chords--but with this1 of all           
instruments the most musical1 whose     
tones admit of more variety than any1   
7the ,proteus organ alone excepted17 and
 whose delicious long-drawn notes must  
entrance every one not absolutely       
soulless4 ,oh1 they are excruciatingly  
delightful6 ,and yet you shall hear this
 identical violin1 in the hands of an   

everyday performer1 emit such squeals   
and screams as shall set your teeth on  
edge for a twelvemonth1 curdle your     
whole frame1 and make you vehemently    
anathematize all benevolent institutions
 for the relief of deafness4  ,verily   
your violin is an exclusive instrument1 
and approachable by none but the eldest 
born of ,apollo1 who1 in all the majesty
 of hereditary prerogative1 calmly sway 
the dominions of their sire2 while      
usurpers 7as is the meed of all who     
grasp unrighteous rule7 are plunged in  
utter confusion and ruin4  ,warming with
 our theme1 and impatient to manifest   
our royal descent1 in a paroxysm of     
enthusiasm we clutch our ,cremona1 clasp
 him lovingly to our shoulder1 and high 
waving in air our magical bow1 which is 
to us a sceptre1 bring it down with a   
crash1 exulting in the immortal harmony 
about to gush1 like a mountain torrent1 
from the teeming strings2 when lo6 to   
our unmitigated disgust1 it glides      
noiselessly along its hitherto          

resounding path1 for--ye gods and little
 fishes6--some murderous wretch1 at the 
instigation of we know not what evil    
sprite1 has greased the horsehair1 for  
which we solemnly devote him to the     
bowstring1 the first time he is caught  
napping4  ,well1 it is over now1 and we 
find ourselves once more on earth1 after
 knocking our head gainst the stars2    
and1 ---- ---- bless us6 we have sat the
 fire out1 having precisely one inch of 
candle left to go to bed by4  ,good     
night1 dearest reader4 ,can you find    
your way in the dark8  ,m4 ,j4     ,,the
 ,,purple ,,cloak2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,return 
,,of ,,syloson ,,to ,,samos4  ,,herod4  
,,iii4 #aci4     ,i4    ,the king sat on
 his lofty throne in ,susa's palace     
fair1   ,and many a stately ,persian    
lord1 and satrap proud1 was there3      
,among his councillors he sat1 and      
justice did to all--   ,no supplicant   
e'er went unredrest from ,susa's        
palace-hall4    ,,ii4    ,there came a  
slave and louted low before ,darius'    

throne1   ,a wayworn suppliant waits    
without--he is poor and all alone1      
,and he craves a boon of thee1 oh king6 
for he saith that he has done   ,good   
service1 in the olden time1 to          
,hystaspes' royal son4    ,,iii4    ,now
 lead him hither1 quoth the king2 no    
suppliant e'er shall wait1   ,while ,i  
am lord in ,susa's halls1 unheeded at   
the gate2   ,and speak thy name1 thou   
wanderer poor1 pray thee let me know    
,to whom the king of ,persia's land this
 ancient debt doth owe4    ,,iv4    ,the
 stranger bow'd before the king--and    
thus began to speak--   ,full well1 ,i  
ween1 his garb was worn1 and with sorrow
 pale his cheek1   ,but his air was free
 and noble1 and proudly flash'd his eye1
   ,as he stood unknown in that high    
hall1 and thus he made reply--    ,v4   
,from ,samos came ,i1 mighty king1 and  
,syloson my name2   ,my brother was     
,polycrates1 a chief well known to fame2
   ,that brother drove me from my       
home--a wanderer forth ,i went--   ,and 

since that hour my weary soul has never 
known content6    ,,vi4    ,methinks ,i 
need not tell to thee my brother's      
mournful fate2   ,he lies within his    
bloody grave--a churl usurps his state--
   ,moeandrius lords it o'er the land1  
my brother's base born slave2   ,restore
 me to that throne1 oh king6 this1 this1
 the boon ,i crave4    ,,vii4    ,nay1  
start not2 let me tell my tale6 ,i pray 
thee look on me1   ,and1 prince1 thou   
soon shalt know the cause that ,i ask   
this gift of thee2   ,round ,persia's   
king a bristling ring of spearmen       
standeth now1   ,but when ,cambyses wore
 the crown--a wanderer poor wast thou6  
,,viii4    ,remember'st not1 oh king6   
the day when1 in old ,memphis town1     
,upon the night ye won the fight1 thou  
wast pacing up and down8   ,the costly  
cloak that then ,i wore1 its colours    
charm'd thy eye--   ,in sooth it was a  
gorgeous robe1 of purple ,tyrian dye--  
,,ix4    ,let base-born peasants buy and
 sell1 ,i gave that cloak to thee6      

,and for that gift on thee bestow'd1    
grant thou this boon to me--   ,i ask   
not silver1 ask not gold--,i ask of thee
 to stand   ,a prince once more on      
,samos' shore--my own ancestral land6   
,x4    ,oh6 best and noblest1 quoth the 
king1 thou ne'er shalt rue the day1     
,when to ,cambyses' spearman poor thou  
gav'st thy cloak away2   ,the faithless 
eye each well-known form and feature may
 forget1   ,but the deeds of generous   
kindness done--the heart remembers yet4 
,,xi4    ,to-day thou art a wanderer    
sad1 but thou shalt sit1 erelong1       
,within thy fair ancestral hall1 and    
hear the minstrel's song2   ,to-day thou
 art a homeless man--to-morrow thou     
shalt stand--   ,a conqueror and a      
sceptred king--upon thy native land4    
,,xii4    ,a cloud is on thy brow       
to-day--thy lot is poor and low1   ,to  
all who gaze on thee thou seem'st a man 
of want and wo2   ,but thou shalt drain 
the bowl erelong within thy own bright  
isle1   ,a wreath of roses round thy    

head1 and on thy brow a smile4          
,,xiii4    ,and he called the proud     
,otanes1 one of the seven was he   ,who 
laid the ,magian traitor low1 and set   
their country free2   ,and he bade him  
man a gallant fleet1 and sail without   
delay1   ,to the pleasant isle of       
,samos1 in the fair ,icarian bay4       
,,xiv4    ,to place yon chief on ,samos'
 throne1 ,otanes1 be thy care1   ,but   
bloodless let thy victory be1 his       
,samian people spare6   ,for thus the   
generous chieftain said1 when he made   
his high demand1   ,i had rather still  
an exile roam1 than waste my native     
land4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,,part ,,ii4    ,i4    ,oh1
 monarchs' arms are wondrous long6#c    
their power is wondrous great1   ,but   
not to them 'tis given to stem the      
rushing tide of fate4   ,a king may man 
a gallant fleet1 an island fair may     
give1   ,but can he blunt the sword's   
sharp edge1 or bid the dead to live8    
,,ii4    ,they leave the strand1 that   

gallant band1 their ships are in the    
bay1   ,it was a glorious sight1 ,i     
ween1 to view that proud array2   ,and  
there1 amid the ,persian chiefs1 himself
 he holds the helm1   ,sits lovely      
,samos' future lord--he comes to claim  
his realm6    ,,iii4    ,moeandrius saw 
the ,persian fleet come sailing proudly 
down1   ,and his troops he knew were all
 too few to guard a leaguer'd town2     
,so he laid his crown and sceptre down1 
his recreant life to save--   ,who thus 
resigns a kingdom fair deserves to be a 
slave4    ,,iv4    ,he calls his        
band--he seeks the strand--they grant   
him passage free--   ,and shall they    
then1 his brother cried1 have a         
bloodless victory8   ,no--grant me but  
those spears of thine1 and ,i soon to   
them shall show1   ,there yet are men in
 ,samos left to face the ,persian foe4  
,v4    ,the traitor heard his brother's 
word1 and he gave the youth his way2    
,an empty land1 proud ,syloson1 shall   
lie beneath thy sway4   ,that youth has 

arm'd those spearmen stout--three       
hundred men in all--   ,and on the      
,persian chiefs they fell1 before the   
city's wall4    ,,vi4    ,the ,persian  
lords before the wall were sitting all  
in state1   ,they deem'd the island was 
at peace--they reck'd not of their fate2
   ,when on them came the fiery         
youth#d--with desperate charge he came--
   ,and soon lay weltering in his gore  
full many a chief of fame4    ,,vii4    
,the outrage rude ,otanes view'd1 and   
fury fired his breast--   ,and to the   
winds the chieftain cast his monarch's  
high behest4   ,he gave the word1 that  
angry lord--,war1 war unto the death6   
,then many a scimitar flash'd forth     
impatient from its sheath4    ,,viii4   
,through ,samos wide1 from side to side1
 the carnage is begun1   ,and ne'er a   
mother there is seen1 but mourns a      
slaughter'd son2   ,from side to side1  
through ,samos wide1 ,otanes hurls his  
prey1   ,few1 few1 are left in that fair
 isle1 their monarch to obey6    ,,ix4  

,the new-made monarch sits in state in  
his loved ancestral bow'rs1   ,and he   
bids his minstrel strike the lyre1 and  
he crowns his head     with flow'rs2    
,but still a cloud is on his brow--where
 is the promised smile8   ,and yet he   
sits a sceptred king--in his own dear   
native isle4    ,x4    ,oh6 ,samos dear1
 my native land6 ,i tread thy courts    
again--   ,but where are they1 thy      
gallant sons8 ,i gaze upon the slain--  
,a dreary kingdom mine1 ,i ween1 the    
mournful monarch said1   ,where are my  
subjects good and true8 ,i reign but    
o'er the dead6    ,,xi4    ,ah6 woe is  
me--,i would that ,i had ne'er to ,susa 
gone1   ,to ask that fatal boon of thee1
 ,hystaspes' generous son4   ,oh1 deadly
 fight6 oh1 woeful sight6 to greet a    
monarch's eyes6   ,all desolate--my     
native land1 reft of her children1 lies6
    ,,xii4    ,thus mourn'd the         
chief--and no relief his regal state    
could bring4   ,o'er such a drear       
unpeopled waste1 oh6 who would be a     

king8   ,and still1 when desolate a     
land1 and her sons all swept away1      
,the waste domain of ,syloson1 'tis     
call'd unto this day6  ,,footnotes3  #c 
,greek proverb4  #d ,the fiery youth1   
with desperate charge1  ,made for a     
space an opening large4--,,marmion4     
,,love ,,and ,,death4     ,o strong as  
the ,eagle1     ,o mild as the ,dove6   
,how like1 and how unlike1     ,o ,death
 and ,o ,love6    ,knitting ,earth to   
the ,heaven1     ,the ,near to the      
,far--   ,with the step on the dust1    
,and the eyes on the star6              
,interweaving1 commingling1     ,both   
rays from ,god's light6   ,now in sun1  
now in shadow1     ,ye shift to the     
sight6    ,ever changing the sceptres   
,ye bear--as in play2   ,now ,love as   
,death rules us1     ,now ,death has    
,love's sway6    ,why wails so the      
,new-born8     ,love gave it the breath4
   ,the soul sees ,love's brother--     
,life enters on ,death6    ,why that    
smile the wan lips     ,of the dead man 

above8   ,the soul sees ,death changing 
,its shape into ,love4    ,so confused  
and so blending     ,each twin with its 
brother1   ,the frown of one melts      
,in the smile of the other4    ,love    
warms where ,death withers1     ,death  
blights where ,love blooms2   ,death    
sits by our cradles1     ,love stands by
 our tombs6  ,edward ,lytton ,bulwer4   
,nov4 #i1 #ahdc4     ,,the ,,bridge     
,,over ,,the ,,thur4  ,,from ,,the      
,,german4--,,gustav ,,schwab4           
,spurning the loud ,,thur',s headlong   
march1  ,who hath stretcht the stony    
arch8  ,that the wayfarer blesses his   
path6  ,that the storming river wastes  
his wrath6   ,was it a puissant prince1 
in quelling  ,this watery vassal1 oft   
rebelling8--  ,or earthly ,mars1 the bar
 o'erleaping1  ,that wrong'd his war of 
its onward sweeping8   ,did yon         
high-nesting ,castellan  ,lead the brave
 ,street1 for horse and man8  ,and1 the 
whiles his ,house creeps under the      
grass1  ,the ,road1 that he built1 lies 

fair to pass8   ,nay6 not for the       
,bridge1 which ye look upon1  ,manly    
hest knit stone with stone4  ,the loved 
word of a woman's mouth  ,bound the     
thundering chasm with a rocky growth4   
,she1 in turret1 who sitteth lone1      
,listing the broad stream's heavier     
groan1  ,kenning the flow1 from his     
loosen'd fountains1  ,from the clouds1  
that have wash'd a score of mountains4  
,a skiff she notes1 by the shelvy marge1
  ,wont deftly across to speed its      
charge2  ,now jumping and twisting1 like
 leaf on a lynn1  ,wo6 if a foot list   
cradle therein6   ,sooner1 than hath she
 ,,thought her ,,feeling1  ,with        
travellers twain is the light plank     
reeling4  ,who are they8444 ,marble     
watcher6 ,who8  ,thy beautiful1         
youthful1 only two6   ,coming1 glad1    
from the greenwood slaughter1  ,they    
reach the suddenly-swollen water2  ,but 
the nimble1 strong1 and young1  ,boldly 
into the bark have sprung4   ,the game  
in the forest fall1 stricken and        

bleeding2  ,those river-waves are of    
other breeding6  ,and the shriek of the 
mother helpeth not1  ,at seeing turn    
upwards the keel of the boat4   ,whilst 
her living pulses languish1  ,as she    
taketh in her anguish1  ,by the roar1   
her soul which stuns1  ,on the corses of
 her sons4   ,needs must she upon the   
mothers think1  ,who yet may stand      
beholding sink1  ,under the             
hastily-roused billow1  ,sons1 upthriven
 to be their pillow4   ,till1 in her    
deeply-emptied bosom1  ,there buds a    
melancholy blossom1                     
,tear-nourisht3--the will the wo to     
spare  ,to others1 which hath left her  
bare4   ,ere doth her sorrow a throe    
abate1  ,is chiseling and quarrying1    
early1 late4  ,the hoarse flood chafes1 
with straiten'd tides3  ,aloft1 the     
proud ,arch climbs and strides4   ,how  
her eyes1 she fastens on frolicsome     
boys1  ,o'er the stone way racing1 with 
careless noise4  ,hark6--hark6--the wild
 ,thur1 how he batters his rocks6  ,but 

,,ye gaze1 laugh1 and greet the gruff   
chider1 with mocks4   ,or1 she vieweth  
with soft footfall1  ,mothers1 following
 their children all4  ,a gleam of       
pleasure1 a spring of yearning1         
,sweetens her tears1 dawns into her     
mourning4   ,and her pious work         
endureth6  ,and her pain a slumber      
cureth6  ,heareth not yonder torrent's  
jars6  ,hath her young sons above the   
stars6  ,fontainbleau1 #ahdc4     ,,the 
,,banking-,,house4  ,a ,,history ,,in   
,,three ,,parts4 ,,part ,,ii4  ,,chapter
 ,i4  ,a ,,negotiation4   ,it is vastly 
amusing to contemplate the activity and 
perseverance which are exhibited in the 
regard shown by every man for his       
individual interests4 ,be our faults    
what they may--and our neighbours are   
not slow to discover them--it is very   
seldom indeed that we are charged with  
remissness in this respect4 ,so far from
 this being the case1 a moralist of the 
present day1 in a work of no mean       
ability1 has undertaken to prove that   

selfishness is the great and crying evil
 of the age4 ,without venturing to      
affirm so wholesale a proposition1 which
 necessarily includes in its censure    
professors and professions par          
excellence unsecular and liberal1 we may
 be permitted in charity to express our 
regret1 that the rewards apportioned to 
good men in heaven are not bestowed upon
 those in whom the selfish principle is 
most rampant1 instead of being strictly 
reserved for others in whom it is least 
influential2 since it is more pleasing  
to consider celestial joys in connexion 
with humanity at large1 than with an    
infinitesimal minority of mortals4      
,whilst ,michael ,allcraft coolly and   
designedly looked around him1 in the    
hope of fixing on the prey he had       
resolved to find--whilst1 cautious as   
the midnight housebreaker1 who dreads   
lest every step may wake his sleeping   
victim1 he almost feared to do what most
 he had at heart1 and strove by         
ceaseless effort to bring into his face 

the show of indifference and            
repose2--whilst he was thus engaged1    
there were many1 on the other hand1     
eager and impatient to crave from him1  
as for a boon1 all that he himself was  
but too willing to bestow4 ,little did  
,michael guess1 on his eventful         
wedding-day1 as his noble equipage      
rattled along the public roads1 what    
thoughts were passing in the minds of   
some who marked him as he went1 and     
followed him with longing eyes4 ,his    
absorbing passion1 his exhilaration and 
delight1 did not suffer him to see one  
thin and anxious-looking gentleman1 who1
 spyglass in hand1 sat at his cottage   
window1 and brought as near as art      
allowed--not near enough to satisfy     
him--the entranced and happy pair4 ,that
 old man1 with nine times ten thousand  
pounds safe and snug in the stocks1 was 
miserable to look at1 and as miserable  
in effect4 ,he was a widower1 and had a 
son at ,oxford1 a wild1 scapegrace      
youth1 who had never been a joy to him1 

but a trial and a sorrow even from his  
cradle4 ,such punishments there are     
reserved for men--such visitations for  
the sins our fathers wrought1 too       
thoughtless of their progeny4 ,how the  
old man envied the prosperous           
bridegroom1 and how vainly he wished    
that his boy might have done as well2   
and how through his small grey eye1 the 
labouring tear-drops oozed1 as he called
 fresh to mind again all that he had    
promised himself at the birth of his    
unhappy prodigal6 ,what would he not    
give to recover and reform the wayward  
boy8 ,the thought occurred to him1 and  
he dallied with it for his pleasure4 ,if
 ,i could but settle him with this young
 ,allcraft6 ,why should it not be done8 
,i will give him all ,i have at once1 if
 necessary1 and live in a garret1 if it 
will save my poor ,augustus4 ,i will    
speak to him on his return4 ,what a     
companion and example for my boy6 ,open 
and straightforward--steady as a        
rock--as rich as ,croesus4 ,most        

certainly ,i'll see him4 ,i knew his    
father4 ,i'll not grudge a few thousands
 to establish him4 ,stick him to        
business1 and he shall do yet4 ,the     
equipage rolled on as unconscious of the
 old man's dreams as were its animated  
inmates2 and in due time it passed a    
massive lodge1 which led through green  
and winding paths to the finest park and
 mansion in the parish4 ,close to the   
lodge's porch there stood a tall and    
gloomy-looking man1 neatly              
dressed--alone4 ,his arms were folded1  
and he eyed the carriage thoughtfully   
and seriously1 as though he had an      
interest there1 known to himself1 and to
 no one else4 ,he was a very proud man  
that--the owner of this vast estate1    
master of unnumbered acres1 and feared  
rather than loved by the surrounding    
people4 ,wealth is the most royal of    
despots--the autocrat of all the world4 
,men whose sense of liberty forbids them
 to place their worst passions under    
wise control1 will crawl in fetters to  

lick the basest hand well smeared with  
gold4 ,there was not an individual who  
could say a good word for the squire    
behind his back4 ,you would hardly      
believe it1 if you saw individual and   
squire face to face4 ,and there he      
stood1 with as ill-omened a visage as   
ever brought blight upon a party of     
pleasure4 ,he watched the panting horses
 out of sight--opened his gate1 and     
walked the other way4 ,he1 like the old 
man1 had his plans1 and an itching for a
 share in ,michael ,allcraft's fortune4 
,how he1 so wealthy and respected1 could
 need a part of it1 remains a mystery at
 present4 ,the squire knew his business4
 ,he went straightway to the            
banking-house1 and made enquiry         
respecting ,allcraft's destination4 ,he 
gained intelligence1 and followed him at
 once4 ,they met abroad--they returned  
home in company4 ,they became great     
friends1 and within three               
months--,,partners4 ,and the old man had
 been1 as he threatened to be1 very busy

 likewise4 ,he had fought his son's     
battle very hardly and very             
successfully1 as he believed1 and with  
twenty thousand pounds had purchased for
 him a junior partner's interest in the 
estate4 ,the hopeful boy was admitted   
into the concern during his residence in
 ,oxford4 ,he had never been seen1 but  
his father was a man of substance1 well 
known and esteemed4 ,the character which
 he gave with his son was undeniable4   
,its truth could not be questioned1     
backed as it was by so liberal an       
advance4  ,let it not be supposed that  
,michael1 in his anxiety to involve     
other men in his own fearful            
responsibility1 was injudicious enough  
to act without all forethought and      
consideration4 ,not he4 ,he had         
inherited from his sire the valuable    
faculty of detecting the wishes and     
views of men in their external          
evidences4 ,on the countenances of men  
he read their hearts4 ,it did not take  
long to discover that the venerable ,mr 

,brammel and the haughty ,mr ,bellamy   
were bent upon the partnership1 and     
would secure it at any cost4 ,satisfied 
of this1 like a lazy and plethoric fish 
he kept within sight of his bait1 close 
upon it1 without deigning for a time as 
much as a nibble4 ,it was his when he   
chose to bite4 ,but there were deep     
enquiries to make1 and many things to   
do1 before he could implicate himself so
 far4 ,in every available quarter he    
sought information respecting the one   
partner1 and the father of the other1   
and of both2 the intelligence that he   
received well repaid his trouble4       
,nothing could be more promising and    
satisfactory4 ,nor did he content       
himself with such arms against the      
selfishness of gentlemen1 who1 he was   
shrewd enough to know1 were seeking only
 their own advantage in their earnest   
desire of a union with him4 ,he had an  
eye to the balance of power4 ,two men1  
united and active1 in the firm1 pulling 
together on all occasions1 might1 not by

 one blow perhaps1 but in the course of 
time1 and by accumulating force and     
skill1 oust him from his present        
elevated and natural position4 ,once    
admit them to authority1 and the limits 
of their dominion must be prescribed by 
their own sense of honour1 or by the    
opportunities afforded them of supremacy
 and independent action4 ,michael the   
impulsive saw and felt this most        
acutely1 and took occasion1 from their  
eagerness1 to insure a proper           
equilibrium of the forces before        
permitting them to coalesce4 ,there     
lived in the same city with ,michael1   
and within a quarter of a mile of the   
banking-house1 an individual to whom he 
turned his thoughts in his emergency4   
,mr ,planner was his name1 and his      
character is worth more than a mere     
passing observation4 ,he was a study for
 an artist--a lesson for mankind4 ,he   
was a man of surprising abilities1 ill  
directed1 and badly educated2 at any    
period of his life capable of any       

thing--to the last moment of his        
existence accomplishing nothing4 ,from a
 child he had displayed a love of       
admiration and applause1 a craving after
 superiority and distinction1 a burning 
ambition for fame4 ,he had the body of a
 giant1 and a giant's mental apparatus4 
,but with all his gifts1 physical and   
spiritual1 all his energies and aims1 he
 arrived at middle life a melancholy    
spectacle of failure and incompetency4  
,there was no one object which he could 
pursue with steadiness and patience--no 
single mark to which he could           
perseveringly apply the combined powers 
of his gifted intellect4 ,he frittered  
his faculties upon a hundred trifles1   
never concentrated them upon a worthy   
purpose once4 ,pride1 emulation1 and the
 internal consciousness of strength1 led
 him1 year after year1 and day after    
day1 into difficulties and trials1 and  
carried him through them only to drag   
him into deeper4 ,there was no one man  
whom he would allow to perform any one  

thing so skilfully as himself4 ,there   
was no branch of knowledge into which he
 did not grope his way1 and from which  
he would not manage to extract          
sufficient learning to render his       
conceit intolerable1 and his opposition 
dangerous to a more erudite antagonist4 
,he could build a church--dam a         
river--form a company--warm a           
house--cool a room--one and all he would
 undertake at a minute's notice1 and    
engage to execute better than any person
 living4 ,he asserted it with           
confidence1 and you believed him when he
 spoke with all the earnestness of      
self-conviction and of truth4 ,he       
despised all works--all theories but his
 own2 and these were unapproachable1    
inimitable4 ,he wrote with his own      
invented pen1 used his own ink1 sat on  
his own chair1 made with his own        
incomparable tools4 ,men were ignorant1 
behind their age--burdened with         
superstitions1 clogged by false         
principles4 ,this was a text from which 

he never ceased to preach4 ,as a youth  
he was engaged in profitable business4  
,before he reached his thirtieth year he
 had realized a handsome competency4 ,he
 retired from his occupation1 and went  
abroad to found a city across the ocean1
 with views that were unknown to man1   
and which1 well carried out1 must prove 
infallible4 ,he chose a spot removed    
from civilized society--lived for three 
years amongst a tribe of savages1 and   
came home at last without a farthing in 
his scrip--beggared but not depressed4  
,he had dwelt for many months in a      
district of swamps1 and he had          
discovered a method of draining lands   
cheaper and more effectual than any     
hitherto attempted4 ,he contracted to   
empty some thousand acres--began his    
work1 succeeded for a time1 and failed  
at last1 from having falsely calculated 
his expenses1 and for lack of means to  
carry out his plans4 ,there were few    
public matters in which ,mr ,planner did
 not meddle4 ,he wrote pamphlets1 and   

hints1 and original views by dozens4    
,his articles on the currency and       
corn-laws were full of racy hits and    
striking points--his criticisms on the  
existing state of art worthy of the     
artist's best attention4 ,the temper of 
,mr ,planner was such as might be       
expected from such a mass of arrogance  
and conceit4 ,a man who1 in the easiness
 of his heart1 would listen humbly1     
patiently1 approvingly to ,mr ,planner1 
must pronounce the ardent character an  
angel4 ,the remarkable docility which   
,mr ,planner evinced under such         
treatment1 was only to be equalled by   
the volubility and pleasure with which  
he communicated his numerous and        
ingenious ideas4 ,sceptics--nay1 men who
 had ventured only to contend for the   
soundness of their preconceived ideas1  
and who had been met with a torrent of  
vituperation and reproach in            
consequence--did not hesitate to call   
,mr ,planner--the devil incarnate4 ,such
 as he was1 he had become an agent and a

 tool in the hands of ,allcraft's       
father4 ,michael had been his friend for
 years1 and ,planner liked the boy who  
had ever regarded him with awe and      
veneration4 ,the youth had been taught  
by his parent to note the faults and    
inconsistencies of his character2 but   
these had not rendered him insensible to
 the talents which had commanded even   
that discerning parent's respect and    
admiration4 ,it was this personage1 for 
some years the hanger-on at the bank1   
and the traveller and negotiator of many
 things for ,allcraft senior1 whose name
 suggested to ,michael the means of     
providing against the encroachments of  
his future brethren4 ,planner could be  
relied upon4 ,the smallest possible     
interest in the business would excite in
 him a corresponding interest in its    
prosperity1 and secure his steadiness   
and good behaviour4 ,why not offer it   
then1 and make his entrance into the    
firm a sine qua non in the bargain with 
,bellamy and ,brammel8 ,he revolved the 

matter1 and saw no real objection to it4
 ,planner was reputed a first-rate      
accountant2 his services would be       
important1 no remuneration could be too 
great1 provided he would settle down1   
and fix his energies upon the one great 
object of advancing the welfare of the  
establishment4 ,his friendship was      
secured1 and a word or two would suffice
 to gain his faithful support and       
co-operation4 ,so far from his becoming 
burdensome and useless in the bank1 his 
talents would be in every way desirable4
 ,a coadjutor1 such as he might be1 firm
 and trusty1 was invaluable4 ,and why   
should he not be8 ,a day had been fixed 
for accepting or rejecting the          
propositions of the gentlemen4 ,the time
 was drawing on1 when ,michael visited  
his friend to sound him on his purpose4 
,planner lived in a very humble part of 
a very humble house1 in a very humble   
street4 ,the two-pair back was his      
domain1 and his territory was less      
adorned than crowded with the evidences 

of his taste and handiwork4 ,in the     
remote corner of his unclean apartment  
was a lathe for turning ivory--near it  
the material1 a monstrous elephant's    
tusk4 ,shelves1 carried round the room1 
supported bottles of various sizes1     
externally very dirty1 and internally   
what you please2 for eyes could not     
penetrate so far1 and determine the     
contents4 ,a large label1 crowning all1 
announced them to be samples4 ,books    
were strewed every where--manuscripts   
met you at every turn4 ,the walls were  
filled with charts and drawings1 one of 
the former representing the field of    
,waterloo1 dissected and intersected1   
with a view to prove ,lord ,wellington  
guilty of winning a battle1 which1 in   
conformity with every law of strategy1  
he should have lost4 ,one drawing was a 
rough sketch of his unhappy swamp2      
another1 the elaborate delineation of a 
hydraulic pump4 ,in the niche           
corresponding to that in which the lathe
 was fixed1 there was a small iron      

bedstead2 and in this1 although it was  
nearly noon when ,michael paid his      
friendly visit1 ,mr ,allcraft caught    
sight of ,mr ,planner when he opened the
 door1 in obedience to the very sharp   
and loud voice which invited him to walk
 in4 ,the ingenious gentleman had       
breakfasted4 ,the tea things were on a  
stool at his side4 ,he wore his         
nightcap1 and he was busy in examining a
 crimson liquid1 which he held in a     
glass close to his eyes4 ,that man was  
murdered1 ,allcraft6 exclaimed ,mr      
,planner after the briefest possible    
salutation4 ,murdered1 as ,i am a living
 ,christian6  ,what man8 asked          
,allcraft4  ,him they hanged last week  
for poisoning his father4 ,what was the 
evidence8 ,why1 when they opened the    
body1 they found a grain or two of      
arsenic4 ,hang a man upon that6 ,a      
pretty state of things--look here1      
sir--look here6--and he pointed         
triumphantly to his crimson liquid4     
,what is that1 ,mr ,planner8 inquired   

the visitor4  ,what8 ,my blood1 sir4 ,i 
opened a vein the very day they hanged  
him4 ,i suspected it all along1 and     
there it is4 ,there is more arsenic     
there1 sir1 than they found in the      
entire carcass of that man4 ,arsenic6   
,why1 it's a prime ingredient in the    
blood4 ,this it is to live in the       
clouds4 ,talk of dark ages--when shall  
we get light8  ,i was not aware1 ,mr    
,planner1----  ,of course you were not4 
,how should you be8 ,it is the interest 
of the ruling powers to darken the      
intellect of society4 ,why am ,i kept   
down8 ,why don't ,i prosper8 ,why don't 
my works sell8 ,ah1 ,allcraft--put that 
small pamphlet in your pocket--there it 
is--under the model--take care what you 
are about--don't break it--there1 that's
 right6 ,what is it called8  ,popular   
delusions4  ,ah1 true enough6--put it   
into your pocket and read it4 ,if ,pitt 
could be alive to read it6---- ,well1   
never mind6 ,i say1 ,allcraft1 how does 
that back room flue get on--any smoke   

now8  ,none4  ,no4 ,i should think not4 
,michael1 ,i must say it1 though the old
 gentleman is dead1 he was one of the   
hardest fellows to move ,i ever met4 ,he
 would have been                        
smoke-dried--suffocated1 years ago1 if  
it hadn't been for me4 ,i was the first 
man that ever sent smoke up that        
chimney4 ,nobody could do it1 sir4 ,a   
fellow came from ,london1 tried1 and    
failed4  ,it is a pity1 ,mr ,planner1   
that1 with abilities like yours1 you    
have not been more successful in life4  
,pardon me if ,i say that success would 
have made you a quieter and a happier   
man4  ,ah1 ,michael1 so your father used
 to say6 ,well1 ,i don't know--people   
are such fools4 ,they will not think for
 themselves1 and they are ready to crush
 any one who offers to think for them4  
,it has ever been so4 ,men in advance of
 their generation have always fared     
badly4 ,ages ago they were put to death 
cruelly and violently4 ,now they are    
left to starve1 and die4 ,the creatures 

are ignorant1 but they are worse than   
that2 they are selfish and jealous1 and 
will rather sit in gloom1 than owe      
light1 and confess they owe it1 to a    
fellow mortal and a superior spirit4  ,i
 am afraid1 ,mr ,planner1 after such an 
observation1 that you will hardly give  
me credit for the feeling which has     
induced me to visit you this morning4   
,you are a good fellow1 ,michael4 ,you  
were always a generous-hearted lad--an  
exception to the general rule4 ,when you
 were five years old1 you used to share 
your biscuits with me4 ,it was a fine   
trait in your character4 ,proceed4  ,you
 are aware1 ,mr ,planner1 that through  
my father's death increased             
responsibilities have come upon me4     
,you may say that4 ,he never would take 
my advice about the bank-notes4         
,stop--remind me before you go1 of the  
few hints to bankers1 which ,i drew up4 
,you will do well to look at them4      
,you'll see the advantages of my system 
of paper issues4 ,your father1 sir1 was 

stone-blind to his own interests---- but
 ,i am interrupting you4  ,i have for   
some time past determined to associate  
with me in the bank1 two gentlemen of   
noble fortunes and the first            
respectability4 ,i would not willingly  
carry on the concern alone1 and the     
accession of two such gentlemen as ,i   
describe1 cannot but be in every way    
desirable4  ,humph--go on4  ,now ,mr    
,planner1 you are a very1 very old      
friend of my father's1 and ,i know he   
valued your advice as it deserved to be4
  ,the old gentleman was good in the    
main1 ,michael4  ,had he been aware of  
my position1 he would have recommended  
the step which ,i am about to adopt4 ,mr
 ,planner1 ,i am young1 and therefore   
inexperienced4 ,these gentlemen are very
 worthy persons no doubt2 indeed1 ,i am 
assured they are2 still1 they are       
comparatively strangers to me1 and ,i am
 certain you would advise me to be most 
cautious4  ,proceed4  ,what ,i feel to  
want is the constant presence of a      

friend--one who1 from personal          
attachment1 may have my welfare and     
interest at heart1 and form as it were a
 second self at all times--let me be    
present or absent--and absent ,i must be
 very often--you perceive8  ,precisely4 
,a sort of counterpoise to the opposite 
weight1 in fact1 if ,i may be allowed to
 call it so4 ,now1 ,i can sincerely     
affirm that ,i know no person1 ,mr      
,planner1 in whom ,i could rely so      
entirely and unreservedly as yourself2  
and nothing would give me greater       
pleasure than to serve a man so highly  
gifted1 so long connected with our      
family by the closest friendship4 ,if   
you think the occupation of a banker    
suitable to your present tastes1 ,i     
believe that ,i can offer you an        
appointment worthy your serious         
consideration4  ,mr ,planner rose in his
 bed1 and grasped firmly the hand of ,mr
 ,michael ,allcraft4 ,the latter sat at 
the bedside until past three o'clock1   
and then retired1 leaving his friend in 

a state of great mental excitement4     
,when ,michael1 upon taking his         
departure1 reached the street door1 he  
stopped short1 and retraced his steps4  
,entering the apartment for a second    
time1 he discovered ,mr ,planner in his 
night clothes1 standing before a looking
 glass1 and repeating one of his own    
compositions in a voice of thunder1 and 
with the most vehement gesticulation4   
,i beg your pardon4 ,you told me to     
remind you1 ,planner1 of your hints to  
bankers4 ,have you the book handy8  ,it 
is here1 ,michael4 ,read it attentively1
 my boy--trust to me4 ,i'll make the    
house's name ring throughout the        
country4 ,don't forget what ,i have     
said4 ,we must have a new facade to the 
old building after a while4 ,i have such
 a plan for it6   ,,chapter ,,ii4  ,a   
,,lull4  ,allcraft1 ,bellamy1 ,brammel1 
and ,planner4 ,it was a goodly ship that
 bore the name1 and fair she looked at  
the launching2 her sails well set1 her  
streamers flying1 and the music of men's

 voices cheering her on her career4     
,happy and prosperous be her course6 ,we
 think not of winter's cold in the      
fervent summer time1 and wreck and ruin 
seem impossible on the smooth surface of
 the laughing sea2 yet cold and winter  
come1 and the smiling1 sweet-tempered   
ripple can awaken from slumber1 and     
battle and storm with the heavens4      
,never had bark left haven with finer   
promises of success4 ,we will follow her
 from the port1 and keep watchfully in  
the good ship's wake4  ,michael formed a
 just conclusion when he reckoned upon  
increase of business4 ,his own marriage1
 and the immense wealth of his lady1 had
 inspired the world with unbounded      
confidence4 ,the names of two of his    
partners were household words in the    
county1 and stood high amongst the best4
 ,a convulsion of nature may destroy the
 world in half an hour1 as love1 it is  
said1 may transform a man into an       
oyster2 but either of these             
contingencies was as remote as the      

possibility of ,allcraft's failure4     
,silently and successfully the house    
went on4 ,for a quarter of a year the   
sun shone brightly1 and profit1 and     
advantage1 and honour1 looked ,michael  
in the face4 ,thriving abroad1 happy at 
home1 what did he need more8 ,his spirit
 became buoyant--his heart carefree and 
light4 ,he congratulated himself upon   
the prudence and success of his         
measures1 and looked for his reward in  
the brilliant future which he had       
created for himself and earned4 ,his    
soul was calmed2 and so are the         
elements1 fearfully and oppressively1   
sometimes an hour before the tempest and
 the storm4  ,at the end of three       
months1 ,michael deemed it necessary to 
go abroad4 ,the heaviest of his father's
 debts had been contracted with a house 
in ,lyons1 and notices as to payment had
 been conveyed to him--notices as full  
of politeness as they were of meaning4  
,the difficulties in which he had found 
himself at the death of his parent--the 

seriousness of his engagements--and the 
wariness which he had been compelled to 
exercise--had gone far to sober down the
 impetuous youth1 and to endue him with 
the airs and habits of a man of         
business4 ,he had attended to his duties
 at the banking-house faithfully and    
punctually4 ,he had entered into its    
affairs with the energy and resolution  
of a practical and working mind4 ,he had
 given his heart to the work1 and had   
put his shoulder to the wheel1 honestly 
and earnestly4 ,whatsoever may have been
 his faults previously to his connexion 
with his partners1 it is due to him to  
say that he was no sluggard afterwards1 
and that he grudged neither time nor    
labour that could be in any way         
productive to the house--could add a    
shilling to its profits1 or a breath of 
reputation to its name4 ,to pay his     
father's debts from the earnings of the 
bank--to keep those debts a secret--and 
to leave the fortune of his wife        
untouched1 were the objects for which he

 lived1 and soon began to slave4        
,believing that a favourable arrangement
 could be effected with his father's    
creditors1 he determined to visit them  
in person4 ,he had not been absent from 
the bank even for a day2 and now1 before
 he could quit it with comfort1 he      
deemed it necessary to have a few       
parting words with his right hand and   
factotum1 ,planner4  ,planner was the   
only member of the firm who lived in the
 establishment4 ,his specimens1 his     
bottles1 his maps1 and drawings1 had    
been removed to a spacious apartment    
over the place of business1 and he      
rejoiced in the possession of an entire 
first floor4 ,his bed-room had now a    
distinct existence4 ,he had not enjoyed 
it for a week1 before the water with    
which he performed his daily ablutions  
was insinuated by a cunning contrivance 
through the ceiling1 and dismissed      
afterwards1 as cleverly1 through the    
floor4 ,hot water came through the wall 
at any hour of the day1 and a constant  

artificial ventilation was maintained   
around his bed by night and day4 ,there 
was no end to the artifices which the   
chamber exhibited4 ,michael1 although he
 lived at a considerable distance from  
the bank1 was always the first at his   
post1 after ,planner himself4 ,he       
arrived unusually early on the day fixed
 for his visit to the ,continent4       
,planner and he sat for an hour         
together1 and in the course of their    
conversation1 words to the following    
effect escaped them3--  ,you will be    
careful and attentive1 ,planner4 ,let me
 hear from you by every post4 ,do not   
spare ink and paper4  ,trust me4 ,i     
shall not forget it4 ,but don't you miss
 the opportunity1 ,allcraft1 of doing   
something with those mines4 ,your father
 wouldn't touch them--but he repented   
it4 ,i tell you1 ,michael1 if we bought 
them1 and worked them ourselves1 we     
might coin money6 ,i'd go abroad and see
 the shafts sunk4 ,i could save a       
fortune in merely setting them to       

rights4  ,it is rather strange1         
,planner1 that ,brammel is so long      
absent4 ,he should come home1 and settle
 down to work4 ,it isn't well to be     
away4 ,it hasn't a fair appearance to   
the world4 ,you saw his father          
yesterday4 ,what said he8  ,oh1 that    
young ,brammel had a good many things to
 arrange in ,oxford and in the          
neighbourhood1 and would soon be back   
now4 ,but never mind him1 ,allcraft4    
,between ourselves1 he is better where  
he is2 he is a horrible ass4  ,hush4 ,so
 he is1 ,planner1 but he must not run   
wild4 ,we must keep him at home4 ,he has
 been a rackety one1 and ,i fear he is  
not much better now4 ,i question whether
 ,i should have received him here1 if ,i
 had known as much of him at first as ,i
 have heard lately4 ,but his father     
deceived me4  ,queer old man that1      
,michael6 ,how he takes the boy's part  
always1 and how frightened he seems lest
 you should think too badly of him4     
,young ,brammel will have every farthing

 of the old man's money at his death4 ,a
 pretty sum1 too4 ,a hundred thousand   
pounds1 isn't it8  ,well1 ,planner1 let 
me know when he returns4 ,that was a    
curious report about his marriage4 ,can 
it be true8  ,his father denies it1 but 
you mustn't trust the old sinner when he
 talks about his son4 ,he'll lie through
 thick and thin for him4 ,they do say he
 lived with the girl at the time he was 
at college1 and married her at last     
because her brother threatened to kick  
him4  ,nonsense1 ,planner4  ,why        
nonsense8 ,more than half the marriages 
you hear of are scarcely a whit better4 
,what are the rules for a correct match8
 ,who obeys them8 ,where do you ever    
hear1 now-a-days1 of a proper marriage8 
,people are inconsistent in this respect
 as in other things4 ,a beauty marries a
 beast4 ,a philosopher weds a fool4     
,they can't tell you why1 but they do   
it4 ,it's the perversity of human       
nature4  ,i shall look sharp after      
,brammel4  ,take my advice1 ,michael1   

and look after the mines4 ,brammel can  
take care of himself1 or his wife and   
brother-in-law can do it4 ,the timber on
 the property will realize the purchase 
money4  ,well1 we shall see2 but here is
 ,mr ,bellamy4 ,mind you write to me1   
and be explicit and particular4  ,i     
shall do it1 ,michael4  ,and mark1      
,planner2 prudence--prudence4  ,and so  
saying1 ,michael advanced to ,bellamy   
with a smiling countenance4 ,an hour    
afterwards1 both he and his lovely bride
 were comfortably seated in a           
post-chaise and four1 admiring the      
garden-land of ,kent1 and speeding to   
,dover fast as their horses could carry 
them4   ,,chapter ,,iii4  ,a ,,sweet    
,,couple4  ,the very emphatic and       
somewhat vulgar expression of ,mr       
,planner1 was by no means ill-chosen to 
express the character of ,augustus      
,theodore ,brammel4 ,he had been        
lovingly spoiled from his               
cradle--humoured and ruined with the    
most praiseworthy care and perseverance4

 ,his affectionate parents had          
studiously neglected the few goodly     
shoots which the youth had brought into 
the world with him1 and had embarked all
 their energies in the cultivation of   
the weeds that grew noxious and numerous
 around the unhappy boy's heart4 ,his   
mother lived to see her darling expelled
 from ,eton--the father to see much     
worse1 and yet not the worst that the   
hopeful one was doomed to undergo4      
,gross vices1 if not redeemed1 are      
rendered less hideous by intellectual   
power and brilliancy4 ,associated with  
impotency and ignorance1 they are       
disgusting beyond expression4 ,augustus 
,brammel was the most sensual and       
self-engrossed of men--the most idle and
 dissipated2 and1 as if these were not  
enough to render him an object of the   
deepest aversion1 he was as self-willed1
 thick-headed1 overbearing a dunce as   
ever moved a man to that contempt which 
wisdom holds unlawful ever2 and ,brammel
 was not only a fool1 but a conceited1  

upstart1 irritating fool4 ,he considered
 himself the shrewdest of mortals1 and  
presumed to dictate1 to be impertinent1 
to carry matters with a high hand and a 
flourish4 ,as for modesty1 the word was 
not in his dictionary4 ,he had never    
known its meaning2 and therefore1       
perhaps1 in justice is not to be blamed 
for the want of it4 ,augustus1 being a  
great blusterer1 was of course a low    
coward4 ,he bullied1 oppressed1 and     
crushed the helpless and the weak1 who  
were avenged as often as he cowered and 
sneaked beneath the look of the strong  
and the brave4 ,the companions and      
friends of such creatures as ,brammel1  
are generally selected from the lower   
grades of life4 ,the tone of feeling    
found amongst the worst members of these
 classes1 harmonizes with their own4    
,they think the like thoughts1 talk the 
same language4 ,they are led to them by 
the true ,satanic impulse1 for it is    
their triumph to reign in hell--their   
misery to serve in heaven4 ,flattered by

 the dregs and refuse of society1 they  
endeavour to forget that they are       
avoided1 spurned1 trodden on1 by any    
thing higher4 ,just when it was too late
 to profit by the discovery1 old        
,brammel found out his mistake2 and then
 he sagaciously vowed1 that if his time 
were to come over again1 he would       
educate his boy in a very different     
manner4 ,his first attempt had certainly
 been a failure4 ,augustus had been     
rusticated at the university2 he had run
 away from his home2 he had committed   
all kinds of enormity4 ,he had passed   
weeks in the sinks of ,london1 and had  
been discovered at last by his          
heartbroken parent amongst the stews of 
,shadwell1 in a fearful state of disease
 and destitution4 ,years were passed in 
proceedings of this nature1 and every   
attempt at recovery proved abortive and 
useless4 ,his debts had been discharged 
a dozen times1 and on every occasion    
under a solemn engagement that it should
 be the last4 ,when ,brammel senior     

signed the deed of partnership on behalf
 of his son1 the latter1 as ,i have     
already said1 was in ,oxford1 having    
returned to the university only a month 
before1 at the termination of his period
 of banishment4 ,whilst the father was  
engaged in publishing the imaginary     
virtues of his son to most admiring     
listeners1 the promising youth himself  
was passing his days in the very        
agreeable society of ,miss ,mary ,anne  
,waters1 the eldest daughter of the cook
 of his college--a young lady with some 
pretension to beauty1 but none whatever 
to morality1 being neither more nor less
 than ,mr ,augustus ,brammel's very     
particular and chere amie4 ,the letter  
which arrived with the unwelcome        
intelligence of the arrangement1 found  
the charming pair together4 ,a specimen 
of their discourse at the time1 will    
show the temper with which the          
communication was received4  ,i sha'n't 
go1 ejaculated the youth4 ,i can't be   
nailed down to a desk4 ,what business   

had the old man to do any thing without 
me8 ,why can't he mind his own affairs8 
,he's old and ugly enough4 ,it's cursed 
impudence in him1 and that's a fact4    
,oh ducky6 interposed ,miss ,mary ,anne1
 with a rueful face1 ,i know how it will
 be4 ,you'll have to go home for good1  
and you won't think of me no more4      
,don't you bother yourself4 ,i sha'n't  
do any thing of the kind4 ,if ,i go     
home1 ,molly1 you go with me4  ,do you  
mean it1 dear bless-ed8  ,don't ,i8     
that's all4 ,i say it is blasted        
impertinent in the old man1 and ,i shall
 tell him so4 ,i shall have blunt enough
 when his toes are up4 ,what is the good
 of working for more8  ,oh dear me1     
bless-ed6  ,what is the matter1 old     
girl8  ,if you should ever forget me6   
,don't you fear4  ,i should hang myself 
up to the bedpost with my garters4 ,i   
know ,i should4 ,don't leave me1 there's
 a dear ducky4  ,well1 haven't ,i said  
,i won't8  ,ah1 you think you won't1    
dear bless-ed6  ,i tell you ,i won't4   

,yes1 but when they get you up1 they'll 
just be trying to marry you to some fine
 rich woman2 and ,i am sure she won't   
know how to take care of you as ,i do4  
,they ain't brought up to air and mend  
linen1 to darn stockings1 and to tack on
 shirt-buttons4 ,they'll never suit you1
 ducky4  ,catch me marrying a fine      
woman1 ,moll6  ,ha1 won't you though1   
bless-ed8 ,oh1 dear me6 ,mary ,anne     
burst into tears4  ,what's the matter1  
,moll1 now8  ,oh1 dear ducky6 ,i wish ,i
 was an honest woman4 ,i might go every 
where with you1 and not be ashamed of it
 either2 and ,i do love you so4 ,i shall
 die if you leave me--,i know ,i shall6 
,but ,i won't leave you4  ,oh1 there's a
 ducks6 ,but you know what you promised 
me1 ,tiddy dear8  ,yes1 ,i know1 ,molly1
 and ,i'll keep my word with you4 ,if   
father makes a partner of me1 he shall  
make partners of both of us4  ,no1 do   
you mean it though8  ,haven't ,i said   
it1 you stupid8  ,yes1 you dear ducks of
 diamonds6 ,you do look so handsome this

 morning6 ,and when shall it be8 ,if you
 are to go to this business1 the sooner 
the better1 you know1 darling4 ,oh1 ,i  
shall be so happy6  ,happy or not1 the  
lady was at least successful4 ,in the   
course of a week ,mary ,anne ,waters    
became extinct1 and from her ashes rose 
the surprizingly fine1 and surpassingly 
vulgar1 ,mrs ,augustus ,brammel4        
,augustus1 notwithstanding his vapoury  
insubjection1 visited his father and the
 partners in the bank1 leaving his bride
 in snug lodgings at a respectable      
distance from all4 ,he remained a few   
days at the banking-house1 and then     
absented himself on the plea of finally 
arranging his incompleted affairs in    
,oxford and elsewhere4 ,he had engaged  
to return to business at the end of a   
month4 ,nearly three had passed away1   
and no tidings whatever had been heard  
of him4 ,allcraft1 as it has been seen1 
grew anxious--less perhaps for his      
partner's safety1 than for the good name
 and credit of the firm4 ,he had heard  

of his precious doings1 and reports of  
his inauspicious marriage were already  
abroad4 ,no wonder that the cautious and
 apprehensive ,michael trembled somewhat
 in his state of uncertainty4 ,as for   
,mr ,augustus ,brammel himself1 the     
object of his fears1 he1 in conformity  
with general custom1 and especially in  
compliance with the wishes of his wife1 
had quitted ,england on a wedding tour4 
,with five hundred pounds in his        
purse--a sum advanced by his father to  
liquidate his present outstanding       
liabilities--he steamed from ,dover on  
the very day that he was supposed to    
have reached ,oxford for his final      
arrangements4 ,from ,boulogne1 he1 his  
wife1 and suite1 proceeded to ,paris2   
and there they were1 up to their eyes in
 the dissipation of that fascinating    
city1 when ,allcraft started on their   
track1 followed them1 unwittingly       
enough1 from town to town1 and came upon
 them at length in the great city       
itself1 and in the very hotel in which  

they lodged4 ,it was at night that      
,michael first caught sight of the      
runaway4 ,and where8 ,in a gaming-house1
 the most fashionable of the many       
legalized haunts of devils in which1 not
 many years since1 ,paris abounded4     
,allcraft had entered upon the scene of 
iniquity as into a theatre1 to behold a 
sight--the sight of human nature in its 
lowest1 most pitiable1 and melancholy   
garb2 in its hour of degradation1       
craziness1 and desperation4 ,he had his 
recreation in such a spectacle1 as men  
can find their pleasure in the          
death-struggle of a malefacter on the   
gibbet4 ,he came1 not to join the       
miserable throng that crowded round the 
tables1 exhibiting every variety of low1
 unhealthy feeling2 nor did he come1 in 
truth1 prepared to meet with one in     
whose affairs and conduct he had so deep
 an interest4 ,it was with inexpressible
 astonishment and horror that he beheld 
his colleague1 busy and active amongst  
the busiest of the crew1 venturing      

rouleau after rouleau1 losing stake upon
 stake1 and growing more reckless and   
madder with every new defeat4 ,for a    
time ,michael would not1 could not1     
believe his own eyes4 ,it was one of the
 curious resemblances which we meet     
every now and then in life3 it was any  
thing but what he dreaded it to be--the 
actual presence of ,augustus ,brammel4  
,michael retreated to a distant part of 
the room1 and watched his man4 ,the     
latter spoke4 ,he used a disgusting     
,english oath1 and flung his last       
rouleau across the table like a drunken 
fiend4 ,the heart of ,allcraft grew     
sick1 but still he kept his eye upon the
 gamester4 ,losing his stake1 ,brammel  
quitted the apartment1 and retired to a 
spacious saloon1 splendidly furnished4  
,he called for champagne--drank         
greedily--finished the bottle--returned 
to the gaming-room flushed and          
feverish--looked at the players         
savagely1 but sottishly1 for a few      
moments1 and then left the house        

altogether4 ,michael was on his heels4  
,the worthy ,brammel stopped at many    
small public-houses on his road1 in each
 drank off a glass of brandy1 and so    
went on4 ,michael had patience1 and kept
 to his partner like a leech4 ,it was   
midnight when he found himself once more
 before his hotel4  ,brammel had rung at
 the porter's bell1 and gained          
admittance4 ,a quarter of an hour       
afterwards ,allcraft followed his       
example4 ,before he retired to rest he  
learnt that ,brammel and himself were   
inmates of the same house4 ,about eleven
 o'clock on the following morning1      
,augustus quitted his dressing-room4    
,michael had been waiting some hours for
 this operation4 ,a few minutes         
afterwards ,mr ,brammel's servant       
announced a visitor4 ,great was the     
consternation of ,augustus ,brammel when
 ,mr ,michael ,allcraft looked him in   
the face4 ,first the delinquent turned  
very white1 like a guilty man--then his 
colour returned to him1 and he tried to 

laugh like an innocent and careless one2
 but he was not so happy in the second  
instance4 ,as a third experiment1 he    
smoothed his hair with his              
fingers--pointed to a chair--and held   
out his hand4 ,mrs ,brammel was at the  
breakfast table1 reading an ,english    
newspaper4  ,ah6 ,mr ,allcraft--glad to 
see you--glad to see you4 ,out on the   
same business1 eh8 ,nothing like        
it--first weeks of marriage are         
delightful--there's nothing like a      
honey-moon on the ,continent to my      
thinking4 ,mrs ,brammel1 my wife--,mr   
,allcraft1 my partner1 my dear4  ,mrs   
,brammel looked up from her newspaper   
and giggled4  ,i cannot tell you1 ,mr   
,brammel1 said ,allcraft in a serious   
tone1 how surprised ,i am to find you   
here4 ,are you aware1 sir1 that neither 
your father1 nor any one of your        
partners1 have the least knowledge of   
your movements4 ,you were supposed to be
 in ,england4 ,you gave your word to    
return to business within a month of    

your departure4 ,you have not written or
 given the slightest account of         
yourself4  ,come1 that's very good1     
,mister4 ,given an account of myself1   
indeed6 ,pray1 whom am ,i accountable   
to8  ,to those1 sir1 replied ,allcraft1 
quickly and angrily1 with whom you are  
associated in business1 and who have an 
interest in your good conduct--who      
suffer by your acts1 and will be blamed 
for your folly and indiscretion4  ,come1
 ,i say1 that's all very fine in you1   
,mr ,allcraft2 but what brings you here1
 ,i should like to know8 ,haven't ,i as 
much right to bring my wife to ,paris as
 you have8 ,give and take1 if you       
please----  ,no1 bless-ed1 sagely and   
sarcastically interposed ,mrs ,brammel1 
,i ain't so rich as ,mrs ,allcraft2 ,i  
can't dress so fine2 we ain't sich      
gentle-folks----  ,mr ,brammel1 pray let
 us have no more recrimination4 ,i have 
met you here by the merest chance4 ,it  
is my duty to speak to you at once1 and 
very seriously1 on your position4 ,you  

are mistaken if you suppose that my own 
pleasure has brought me here2           
business--important1 weighty            
business--is the sole cause1 ,i can     
assure you4  ,ally--ally1 answered      
,brammel with a knowing leer1 attempting
 a little facetiae in ,french4  ,i tell 
you the truth1 sir1 continued ,michael1 
reddening with anger1 and ,i warn you in
 good time to look to yourself1 and to  
your course of conduct4 ,you may bring  
infamy upon yourself1 as you have       
brought sorrow and anguish upon the head
 of your aged father2 but you shall not 
with impunity involve and disgrace      
others who are strangers to you1        
although unfortunately connected with   
you by their occupation4 ,depend upon   
it1 you shall not4  ,my aged father1 as 
you call him1 didn't stump up all that  
money1 ,i'm thinking1 ,mr ,allcraft1 to 
bind me apprentice4 ,perhaps you'd like 
to kick me next4 ,i am as much a partner
 in that concern as you are2 and if ,i  
think proper to take my lady abroad1 ,i 

am at liberty to do it as well as you4  
,you ain't the first man because you    
married a rich widow1 and because your  
name begins with ,a4 ,certainly not1    
monsweer4  ,in course not1 bless-ed4    
,besides1 ducky1 your name begins with  
,b--and that's ,a's next door neighbour4
  ,you shall take your own course1 sir1 
proceeded ,michael2 but it shall be at  
your own peril1 and with your eyes      
opened4 ,it is my part to give you good 
counsel4 ,i shall do so4 ,you may act as
 you then think fit4  ,i haven't done   
any thing to disgrace you1 as you call  
it4 ,it is cursed impudent in you to say
 so4  ,you have4 ,you disgraced yourself
 and me1 and every one associated with  
you1 only last night1 when you were     
pleased to exhibit to the world as a    
public gamester4 7,augustus ,theodore   
changed colour47 ,you see that your     
actions are observed2 they will become  
more so4 ,the house shall not lose its  
good name through your misconduct1 sir4 
,assure yourself of that4 ,there are    

means to rid ourselves of a nuisance1   
and to punish severely1 if we choose to 
use them4  ,what do you mean by punish8 
asked ,augustus1 unfeignedly alarmed by 
his partner's threat1 and yet not liking
 to be bullied4 ,don't you insult me1   
sir1 in my own room2 better not1 ,i can 
tell you4  ,pshaw1 you are an idiot2    
exclaimed ,michael most contemptuously4 
,i'll just thank you to go1 sir1 and not
 call my husband names1 said ,mrs       
,brammel1 rising from her chair4 ,you   
are a nasty ill-bred fellow1 ,i'm sure4 
,talk of high people6 ,i never see sich 
airs in all my life4 ,if your wife ain't
 no better behaved1 there's a nice pair 
of you1 ,i don't think4 ,never mind him1
 ducky dear--don't you fret4 ,we are as 
good as them any day4 ,let's go up      
stairs1 there's a bless-ed4 ,call the   
garsoon4  ,poor ,michael knew not what  
step to take1 what language to employ1  
in order to effect his purpose4 ,he     
could not think of quitting ,paris1     
leaving his partner behind him1 open to 

the seductions of the city1 and eager to
 avail himself of every license and     
indulgence4 ,he had hoped to frighten   
him into better behaviour1 and perhaps  
he would have succeeded but for the     
presence of the lady1 whose appearance  
and demeanour1 more than any thing else1
 confounded and annoyed him4 ,he        
remained silent for a few seconds1 and  
then1 in a quieter tone1 he asked       
,brammel when he really thought of      
getting back to business4  ,why1 very   
soon1 replied the youth1 himself reduced
 to civility by ,michael's more peaceful
 aspect2 and ,i should have been back   
before now1 if ,i hadn't been bothered  
about a lot of things4 ,if you hadn't   
come in blustering1 ,i should have told 
you so4 ,i shall be all right enough1   
don't you fear1 when ,i get home4 ,i    
promised father ,i should settle1 and so
 ,i mean--but a wedding trip is a       
wedding trip1 and ladies mustn't be     
baulked4  ,certainly not1 answered      
,allcraft1 grateful for as much as      

this--then1 when do you think of        
reaching home8  ,oh1 before you1 ,i'll  
wager6 ,we haven't got much more to see4
 ,we went to the ,jordan de ,plants     
yesterday4 ,we are going to the         
,pantheon to-morrow4 ,we shall soon get 
done4 ,make your mind easy4  ,as soon as
 you have visited these places1 ,i am to
 understand1 then1 that you return to   
business8  ,exactly so4  ,and may ,i    
venture to intreat you to abstain from  
visiting the gambling-house again8  ,oh1
 don't you worry yourself6 ,if you had  
only spoken at first like a gentleman1  
,i should have promised you without     
being asked4  ,both you and ,mrs        
,brammel must see1 ,i am sure1 the very 
great propriety of avoiding all such    
scenes4  ,yes1 answered ,mary ,anne2 and
 then repeating her husband's words1 but
 if you had only spoken at first like a 
gentleman6  ,perhaps ,i was too hasty1  
madam4 ,it is a fault that ,i have4 ,we 
shall understand one another much better
 for the future4 ,you will be at home in

 about--ten days we'll say1 from the    
present time1 at latest4  ,oh1 don't fix
 days1 ,i never could bear it6 ,we shall
 be all right4 ,will you stay breakfast8
  ,michael excused himself1 and1 having 
done all that was permitted him1        
departed4 ,with a sad spirit he         
encountered his lady1 and with gloomy   
forebodings his mind was filled that    
day4 ,augustus ,brammel was destined to 
be his thorn1 his trial1 and his        
punishment4 ,he could see it already4   
,his house1 otherwise so stable1 so     
promising1 and so prosperous1 would     
receive a mortal blow from this one     
threatening point4 ,it must be warded   
off4 ,the hurtful limb must by degrees  
be got away4 ,he must1 from this time   
forward1 engage himself in its removal4 
,it was1 after all1 a consolation to    
have met the pair1 and to have succeeded
 so far in frightening them home again1 
as he fully believed he had4 ,for a time
 at least1 he conceived that ,brammel   
was still safe4 ,this conviction gave   

him courage1 and carried him on his road
 to ,lyons1 with a heart not altogether 
ill at ease1 and without good hope4 ,in 
the meanwhile ,mrs ,brammel had         
inveighed1 in the most unmeasured terms1
 against the insolent behaviour of ,mr  
,allcraft1 the pride and arrogance of   
his wife1 whom she had never seen--the  
marked1 unpardonable insult she had     
offered her in not accompanying         
,allcraft on his visit2 and had         
succeeded1 in short1 in effectually     
driving from her husband's mind the     
little good effect which had been       
produced by the partner's just          
remonstrance4 ,ignorant and vulgar as   
she was1 the woman had unbounded        
influence and power4 ,how much1 may be  
guessed from the fact1 that before      
,michael ,allcraft was ten miles on his 
journey to ,lyons1 she had prevailed    
upon her husband to draw his first      
cheque upon his house to the tune of    
,l4#ejj1 and to prolong their holiday by
 visiting in succession the south of    

,france1 ,switzerland1 and ,italy4 ,the 
fool1 after an inane resistance1        
consented2 his cheque was converted to  
money--the horses were ordered--and on  
they dashed4   ,,chapter ,,iv4  ,a      
,,speculation4  ,when the cat is away1  
the mice begin to play4 ,it is an old   
and a true saying1 and ,michael1 had he 
been an experienced mouser1 would have  
remembered it to his advantage1 when he 
thought of leaving the banking-house to 
the tender mercies of his colleagues4   
,his confidence in ,planner was very    
great1 and ,i will not say undeserved2  
still some account should have been     
taken of his previous habits1 and the   
positive abiding infirmity of human     
nature4 ,it was surely dangerous to     
surround a man so fickle1 and so easily 
led by the delusions of his sanguine    
spirit1 with every temptation to walk   
astray1 and to remove every check that  
had hitherto kept down the capricious   
movements of his most unsteady will4    
,the daily1 almost hourly presence of   

,allcraft1 his vigorous and immediate   
superintendence of affairs1 had subdued 
the speculative soul of ,planner1 and   
rendered him a useful man of business4  
,he was1 in truth1 a good accountant1   
ardent in his pursuits1 a faithful      
friend1 an honest man4 ,with the needful
 restraints upon him1 he proved1 as     
,allcraft had believed he would1 a warm 
and active partisan4 ,had those         
restraints been continued for any       
time--had he been trained1 and so       
reconciled and accustomed to his yoke1  
all might have prospered and been well  
with him4 ,his own happiness might have 
been secured1 and the hopes of his      
friend and patron would not have been   
blasted4 ,it was the misfortune of      
,allcraft1 with all his                 
long-sightedness1 not to see far enough4
 ,he was to blame1 deeply to blame1 for 
the desertion of a man whom he knew to  
be at the mercy of his own wayward      
spirit1 and utterly incapable of        
self-defence4 ,yet1 called abroad1 what 

could he do8 ,it is the fate of cunning1
 as it is of suspicion and other mortal 
weaknesses1 to fall into toils of its   
own weaving4 ,michael too soon was      
called to pay the penalty4 ,allcraft had
 been in ,france a fortnight1 when      
,planner received a fatal visit at the  
bank from a very old friend and stanch  
ally--a creature as excitable and       
sanguine as himself1 as full of         
projects1 and as unsuccessful4 ,they had
 known each other in the early and      
distant days of their prosperity--they  
had grown poor together--they were      
united by the uniformity of their       
fortunes as by the similarity of their  
natures4 ,they had both for years       
regarded themselves as the persecuted   
and injured of society--and both were   
satisfied of their ability to achieve   
miracles1 time and the occasion serving4
 ,it is not for speculative spirits to  
be disheartened by failure1 but rather  
to be encouraged by ill success to fresh
 extravagance1 else had the poor result 

of all their schemes long since         
extinguished the fire at work within    
them4 ,not one of their innumerable     
plans had shown a gleam1 a spark1 of    
reality and life4 ,one morning1 about   
five years before the present visit1 ,mr
 ,william ,wedge rose from bed with the 
pleasing notion that he would ruin all  
the public gaming-houses in the world4  
,he had suddenly discovered the secret  
of their success--the cause of their    
enormous gains--and had arranged1 with  
minutest care and skill1 a systematic   
course of play to bring against them4   
,it was with difficulty that he         
contained himself until he mentioned his
 good fortune to his friend4 ,they met  
time after time in secret1 grew         
fearfully mysterious--closed their      
windows in the open day--played cards   
from morning till night1 and sometimes  
through the night--with no other eye    
upon them than the very feeble1         
faint-glimmering one of their farthing  
rushlight2--they carried directions in  

their pocket--learnt them off--repeated 
them until they grew familiar as their  
oaths1 and more familiar than their     
prayers4 ,to realize between them a     
standing capital of five pounds1 a sum  
essential to their operations1 they     
pawned all the available clothing they  
possessed2 and on the very night that   
they obtained the cash1 they sallied    
forth to carry devastation and affright 
throughout the camps of innocent and    
unsuspecting blacklegs4 ,as might be    
expected1 it took about as many minutes 
as they had pounds to effect the ruin of
 the adventurers4 ,did they despond8    
,not they2 a flaw existed in their      
calculations4 ,they looked for it with  
care1 and were torn from their          
employment only by the exigencies of the
 time1 and the pressing demands of      
nature for immediate bread4 ,mr ,wedge  
had from this period struggled on1      
living as he knew how1 and nobody could 
tell1 until ,planner's unexpected good  
fortune and ascent provided him with an 

allowance and a quiet mind to follow out
 his views4 ,since ,planner's           
introduction into the bank1 he had      
behaved faithfully and well to his      
ancient crony2 in addition to a pension1
 paid weekly and in advance1 he gave him
 a right of entree to his rooms after   
the hours of business1 a certain supper 
three times a-week1 and an uncertain    
quantity of brandy and water on the same
 occasions4 ,one stipulation only he    
deemed necessary for his protection4 ,he
 had given his word to ,allcraft to     
avoid all trading unconnected with the  
bank--to abstain from speculation4 ,weak
 at the best of times1 he knew himself  
to be literally helpless with the ignis 
fatuus of a hopeful project before his  
eyes2 and he made a condition of        
,wedge's visits--his silence upon       
matters of business1 private or public4 
,it was a wise resolution1 nobly formed1
 and for a season well carried out4     
,wedge promised to be cautious1 and did 
not break his word4 ,peace of mind1 a   

regular diet1 and a full stomach1 were  
such extraordinary circumstances in the 
daily doings of the latter1 that the    
restraint upon his tongue was1 in the   
first month or two of the new           
excitement1 scarcely felt as an         
inconvenience4 ,planner himself1 with   
the eye of ,allcraft upon him1 kept his 
natural inclination safely in the rear  
of his promise1 and so the days and     
nights passed pleasantly4 ,on the       
evening above alluded to--that is to    
say1 just a fortnight after ,michael's  
departure--,wedge came as usual for his 
supper1 grog1 and conversation4 ,the    
clock had just struck eleven--the       
friends were sitting together1 their    
feet upon the fender1 their hands upon  
their tumblers4 ,as was usual with them1
 they discussed the doings of the       
nation1 and called in question the      
proceedings of the existing government4 
,one subject after another was          
dismissed--politics1 law1 love1 and     
religion--they abused every thing1 and  

agreed marvellously4 ,it was getting    
very near midnight1 the hour at which1  
it is said1 devils are let loose upon   
earth for mischief--when a rascally     
little imp crawled up to ,planner's ear1
 and put it into his head to talk about 
the amusements of the poor1 and their   
effects upon the rising generation4     
,they will be sorry for it1 ,wedge--mark
 my words4 ,all this stabbing and       
killing comes from too much work and no 
play4 ,jack's at his tools for          
ever--gets a dull boy--and then stabs   
and cuts about him for the sake of      
getting lively4 ,government should have 
playgrounds in every parish4 ,they would
 save the expense in the rapid          
diminution of the standing army4 ,i     
wrote a letter once to the prime        
minister----  ,wedge sighed4  ,what do  
you mean by that1 ,wedge8 ,ah1 quite    
right--,i see6 ,you are a good fellow1  
,wedge4 ,you have kept the compact4 ,i  
won't be the first to break it4 ,let us 
change the subject4 ,i burnt all my     

letters and papers the day ,i got here4 
,what was the good of keeping them8     
,this is an ungrateful country1 ,wedge6 
,wedge sipped his grog1 and sighed      
again4  ,what is the matter1 boy8       
enquired his patron4 ,speak your        
mind--relieve your heart4  ,no1 ,i      
won't1 ,planner--,i won't be the first4 
,you sha'n't say it is me4 ,i don't mean
 to be blamed1 that's a fact--but if ,i 
dared1 oh1 that's all6  ,is it any thing
 very good8  ,good6 ,good1 did you say8 
,well1 an agreement's an agreement1     
,planner4 ,it isn't for me to introduce 
the subject2 but ,i could tell you      
something1 if we were differently       
situated1 that would be a fortune to    
you4 ,ah1 ,planner1 ,i sha'n't be a     
burden upon you long6 ,i have hit upon a
 thing at last--,i am a made man6  ,now 
,i tell you what1 ,wedge1 said ,planner1
 pulling out his watch1 and looking very
 serious1 we'll have just five minutes' 
private conversation on this matter1 and
 then have done with it4 ,only five     

minutes1 mind you1 by the watch4 ,if we 
mutually agree to lay aside our compact 
for a minute or so1 there's no great    
harm done1 provided it isn't made a     
precedent4 ,i should like to see you set
 a-going1 ,wedge4 ,you may open your    
mind to me1 and be sure of good advice4 
,it's now seven minutes to twelve4 ,till
 twelve1 ,wedge1 you are at liberty to  
talk on business4  ,what were you saying
 just now about amusements1 ,planner8   
,do you recollect4  ,i do4  ,i have     
thought about it for the last six       
months4 ,we have formed a company4  ,a  
company6  ,wedge was as full of mystery 
as an ,oxford tractman4 ,he rose on     
tiptoe from his chair1 proceeded to the 
passage1 listened on the stairs1        
returned as carefully1 closed the door1 
resumed his seat4  ,a company6 repeated 
,planner4  ,such an undertaking6        
proceeded the ungagged and self-deluded 
,wedge4 ,it's the finest thing that has 
been thought of for these hundred years4
 ,i am surprised it never once occurred 

to you4 ,your mind1 ,planner1 should    
have grasped it4  ,what can it be8  ,we 
mean to call it the ,pantamorphica1     
because it takes all shapes4 ,we are in 
treaty now for a hundred acres of land  
within three miles of ,london4 ,we are  
to have a race-course--public gardens   
with fountains and promenades--a        
gymnasium for callisthenic and other    
exercises--boating--a menagerie--a      
library--lecture-rooms--conservatories--
--  ,by ,jove1 ,i see6 ejaculated       
,planner4 ,capital6--a universal        
playground2 trust me1 ,i have thought of
 it before4 ,go on4  ,these are for the 
daylight4 ,at night we have a           
concert-room--a theatre--saloons for    
dancing--halls for refreshment--museums 
for converzatione4 ,in the centre of the
 public walks we have a synagogue1 a    
church1 and chapel for ,sabbath         
visitors4 ,then we shall have           
aviaries--apiaries--caves--alpine       
scenery----  ,upon my soul1 ,wedge1 it's
 a grand conception6 ,there was a large 

clock at the bottom of the stairs which 
struck twelve1 loud enough to awake the 
sleeping household2 but1 strange to say1
 neither ,planner nor his friend heard a
 single chime4 ,who are your men8       
continued ,planner4  ,oh1 first-rate    
men6 ,three of the first ,london        
bankers1 two of the chief architects1   
the richest capitalist in ,england----  
,what1 have you got them all8  ,no1 but 
we mean to ask them to take shares1 and 
to take part in the direction4 ,they'll 
jump1 sir1 at the offer4  ,ah1 that they
 will6 ,what's your capital8  ,half a   
million--five thousand shares of a      
hundred each4 ,it's nothing at all6     
,no1 nothing really4 ,what is your      
appointment8  ,i am secretary2 and ,i am
 to have a bonus of five thousand pounds
 when the thing is fairly started4  ,you
 well deserve it1 ,wedge4 ,ah1 sir1 ,i  
have dreamt of this before6  ,no--have  
you8  ,it must do1 ,wedge4 ,it can't    
help itself4 ,people will be            
amused--people will pay for it4 ,amuse  

them from morning till night--change the
 scene every hour of the day--vary the  
pleasures4 ,wedge1 you are a national   
benefactor4  ,it is past twelve1 said   
,wedge hesitatingly1 looking at the     
watch4  ,no--is it8 asked ,planner1     
looking at it likewise4 ,there must be  
some mistake4 ,have you heard the clock 
strike8  ,no4  ,nor ,i2 my watch is out 
of order--too fast a great deal4 ,let us
 go by the big clock4 ,now1 when that   
strikes twelve1 ,wedge1 you shall go    
home1 and ,i'll to bed--an understanding
 is an understanding1 ,wedge4  ,and so  
you like it1 ,planner--eh8  ,like it1   
sir----  ,it was exactly a quarter to   
four o'clock when ,planner put out his  
bedroom candle1 and ,wedge tucked       
himself up as well as he could on the   
hard horsehair sofa in ,planner's       
sitting-room4 ,having enlarged upon the 
,pantamorphica speculation until the    
above unreasonable hour1 it was not     
deemed respectable for ,mr ,wedge to    
quit the banking-house on the dark side 

of sunrise4 ,the latter gentleman had   
worked himself up to such a pitch of    
excitement in blowing out his bubble1   
that it was very nearly six o'clock     
before he could be pronounced in a      
condition to say his prayers like a     
rational being1 and go to sleep4 ,as for
 ,planner1 he had heard too much to be  
quiet4 ,he tossed his head on his       
pillow--turned from side to side--sat up
 and lay down again at intervals1 until 
the break of day4 ,he had resolved to   
take an active interest in this glorious
 undertaking4 ,nothing should hinder    
him4 ,its returns must necessarily be   
immense4 ,he had promised ,allcraft to  
enter into no business foreign to the   
banking-house4 ,but what of that8 ,he   
should be without an excuse for his     
blindness if he closed his eyes to the  
advantages which stared him in the face4
 ,he would not be selfish4 ,allcraft    
should share in the reward4 ,he1 who had
 acted so friendly a part to him1 should
 be repaid for his noble conduct4 ,share

 and share alike1 should be his motto4  
,and he would not hesitate or postpone  
his intentions4 ,he would look          
thoroughly into the affair at once1 and 
go boldly forward4 ,it should be his    
pleasure and his pride to greet and     
surprise his partner with the unexpected
 news the instant he returned4 ,sweet   
are the visions of life1 sleeping or    
waking4 ,it is the substance and the    
truth that pass like iron to the soul1  
and kill it4 ,poor ,planner6   ,,chapter
 ,v4  ,a ,,landed ,,proprietor4  ,after 
,michael had spent a month in ,france1  
he discovered that he must still travel 
on1 and still sacrifice time and        
exertion1 if he hoped to bring his      
unfortunate parent's affairs to a       
satisfactory issue4 ,many things had    
happened since his arrival to give him  
great pain and annoyance4 ,in the first 
place1 he had learned1 with a sickening 
heart1 that the private debts of his    
father considerably exceeded in amount  
those which had appeared in the         

testamentary memorandum4 ,he had seen   
with his own eyes his father's          
acknowledgment of liabilities1 the      
existence of which was thus revealed to 
him for the first time4 ,in his         
immediate and violent disgust1 he burned
 to expose his parent's cupidity and    
dishonesty1 and to rid himself of the   
burden which he had voluntarily taken as
 his own2 but pride1 shame1 and other   
low incentives1 came between him and the
 fulfilment of a rash resolution1 and he
 had nothing to do but to look his      
difficulty fully and bravely in the     
face4 ,in addition to this trial1 he    
found it necessary to proceed without   
delay as far eastward as ,vienna2 for   
thither his chief creditor had taken    
himself on urgent business1 which       
threatened to detain him on the spot    
until the following year4 ,nor was this 
all2 a ,lyonese merchant1 who held old  
,allcraft's note of hand for a          
considerable sum1 advanced under        
assurances of early payment1 had grown  

obstinate and restive with              
disappointment and anxiety4 ,he insisted
 upon the instant discharge of his      
claim1 and refused to give another      
hour's grace4 ,to rid himself of this   
plague1 ,michael had not hesitated to   
draw upon his house for a sum somewhat  
greater than five thousand pounds4 ,the 
act had not been committed without some 
distress of mind--some murmurings of    
conscience2 but the necessity was       
great--the compulsion not to be avoided4
 ,to put an end to all further and      
importunate demands1 he posted into     
,austria fast as he could be conveyed4  
,the chief creditor was destined to be  
,michael's chief misery4 ,he was an     
obdurate1 unyielding man1 and1 after    
days of negotiation1 would finally      
listen to nothing but the chink of the  
gold that was due to him4 ,and how much 
that was1 ,michael dared not trust      
himself to think4 ,now1 what was to be  
done8 ,to draw again upon the bank--to  
become himself1 to his partners1 an     

example of recklessness and             
extravagance1 was out of the question4  
,he had but one course before him1 and  
it was one which he had solemnly vowed  
never to adopt4 ,to beg a loan from his 
wife so early in the morning of their   
union1 seemed a thing impossible--at    
least it seemed so in the outset1 when  
the thought first blushed upon him1 and 
there remained a chance1 a hope1 of     
escaping from the miserable alternative4
 ,but as the creditor got clamorous1 and
 every prospect of satisfying his       
demand--every means save one--grew dim1 
and shadowy1 and blank1 the             
wrongfulness1 the impropriety of making 
an appeal to her1 whose heart was       
willing as her hand was able to release 
him from despair1 became less evident1  
and by degrees not evident at all4 ,it  
would have been well for ,allcraft1 and 
for ,margaret too1 had the latter       
resisted his demand1 or opposed it with 
one kind word of remonstrance4 ,michael 
was prepared for this1 and the gentlest 

opposition would have saved them both4  
,but what did ,margaret possess1 which  
she wished not to share with him who was
 her idol--dearer to her than her       
life--the joy and light of life6 ,he    
hinted his request2 she hardly suffered 
him to hint it4 ,she placed her         
substance at his command1 and bade him  
use it4 ,like a guilty man--one guilty  
of his first but heavy fault--blushing  
and faltering1 ,allcraft thanked his    
,margaret for the loan1 promised speedy 
payment1 and vowed that he would beg no 
more4 ,fond ,margaret6 she kissed the   
vow away1 and bade him clear his brow1  
smile1 and be happy4 ,it was a woman's  
part1 who loves not wisely1 but too     
well4 ,the day that gave him the means  
of satisfying the claims of one great   
creditor1 bound ,allcraft more seriously
 to another2 but he rejoiced at his     
success1 which brought him temporary    
ease1 and he congratulated himself upon 
his deliverance from failure and        
exposure4 ,there was little to do4 ,the 

lady's broker was written to2 the legal 
adviser of the gentleman1 at ,michael's 
own request1 prepared an instrument to  
secure repayment of the loan2 the money 
came--the debts of ,allcraft senior to  
the last farthing were discharged1 and  
scarcely discharged before ,michael1    
eager and anxious to be at home1 quitted
 ,vienna1 ready to travel by night and  
day1 and longing to feel his footing    
safely in the banking-house again4  ,it 
is now proper to state1 that on the very
 day that ,michael's draft of five      
thousand pounds applied for honourable  
reception at the counter of his most    
respectable establishment1 by a curious 
coincidence another demand for double   
that amount appeared there likewise2 not
 in the shape of cheque or written      
order1 but in that of a request1        
personal and oral1 proceeding from the  
proud and high-born lips of ,walter     
,bellamy1 ,esquire1 lord of the         
manor--gentleman and banker4 ,mr        
,bellamy was not the first man1 by a    

great number1 who has attempted to      
clothe and conceal real poverty in the  
stately apparel of arrogance and        
offensive self-sufficiency4 ,he1 man of 
the world1 knew well enough1 that1 thus 
disguised1 necessity need never fear    
discovery--might look and laugh in      
secret at mankind--might feed and thrive
 upon its faults and weaknesses4 ,how   
comparatively easy it is to avoid the   
shoals and rocks of life--to sail       
smoothly and pleasantly on its waters1  
when we take for our rudder and our     
guide the world's great axiom1 ,,riches 
,,are ,,virtue--,,poverty ,,is ,,vice4  
,assume the virtue1 if you have it not2 
assume its shows and appearances1 its   
tricks1 its offences1 and its crimes1   
rather than confess your nakedness4 ,be 
liberal and prodigal1 if it must be1    
with the crown you need to pay your     
necessary lodging2 adorn with velvet and
 with silk the body that grows sick for 
lack of wholesome food2 bribe1 beyond   
their expectation1 the pampered things  

in livery that stand between you and the
 glory you aspire to--bribe them1 though
 to part with money is to lose your     
meal4 ,upon this broad principle it was1
 that ,walter ,bellamy existed--in      
virtue of it he held lands1 and by its  
means he had become a partner in the    
bank1 an active one1 as very soon he    
proved himself to be4 ,his property was 
estimated by shrewd calculators at a    
hundred thousand pounds--that1 at the   
very least4 ,and ,bellamy chuckled at   
his fireside--no one being by--at the   
universal gullibility of man4 ,a hundred
 thousand pounds6 ,why1 he could not--at
 any one period during the last twenty  
years1 command as many farthings4 ,what 
right had strangers to calculate for    
him8 ,what right had ,allcraft to depend
 upon such calculations8 ,we may well   
ask the question1 since ,mr ,bellamy did
 so1 when he endeavoured1 as the worst  
of us will do1 to justify bad conduct to
 an unfaithful conscience4 ,why1 what   
was he8 a simple locum tenens of a dozen

 mortgagees1 who had advanced upon the  
estate a great deal more money than it  
would ever realize1 if forced to sale--a
 haughty1 overbearing man1 7though very 
benevolent to postboys and other serving
 men17 a magistrate1 and a great        
disciplinarian4 ,this was the amount of 
his pretensions1 and yet men worshipped 
him4 ,it was surely not the fault of ,mr
 ,bellamy1 but rather his good fortune2 
and if he chose to make the most of it1 
he was a wise and prudent personage4    
,when it is borne in mind that the      
possessions of ,mr ,bellamy were        
involved beyond their actual worth--that
 for some time he had lived in a        
perpetual dread of exposure and utter   
ruin--that for years he had looked      
abroad for some kind friend1 who1 if not
 altogether willing1 might still be     
prevailed upon to release him from his  
difficulties--it will be easy to        
understand his very great desire to     
confer on ,michael ,allcraft all the    
advantages of his own position and high 

character4  ,the part which ,bellamy had
 taken in the business of the house1 was
 very inconsiderable until ,michael's   
departure4 ,up to that time1 he came to 
the bank in his carriage with much      
ceremony--spoke to the dependents there 
with becoming hauteur1 and took his     
leave1 on all occasions1 as a rich man  
should1 with abundant fuss1 scarcely    
troubling himself with the proceedings  
of the day4 ,he had1 he was always      
repeating the words1 he had the greatest
 confidence in ,allcraft4 ,it was       
unbounded4 ,he felt that he could trust 
to him entirely and unreservedly4       
,gratefully did such expressions fall   
upon the flattered ear of ,michael1     
applauding himself ever upon his        
victory--upon the acquisition of such a 
man4 ,of what service he would be to him
 in his well-laid plans6 ,of what use   
was his name already--and how much more 
serviceable than all would be the noble 
sum of money which he had promised to   
bring into the bank at the close of the 

year6 ,michael1 in his moments of       
chivalry1 standing in the presence of   
,bellamy1 looked upon him almost with an
 eye of pity and self-reproach4 ,whilst 
he himself could only plead guilty to a 
most refined and cunning policy1 his    
innocent partner was but too full of    
trust2 too simple and too unsuspecting4 
,somebody remarks1 that ,god reserves   
unto himself that horrid sight--a naked1
 human heart4 ,had ,allcraft and        
,bellamy1 during one of their early     
interviews1 suddenly stripped1 and      
favoured each other with reciprocal     
glances--one or both would have been    
slightly startled by the unexpected     
exhibition4 ,planner had always looked  
upon ,mr ,bellamy as a very great man   
indeed--had contemplated him with that  
exact admixture of awe and admiration1  
that was pleasing and acceptable to the 
subject of it4 ,mr ,bellamy1 in his     
turn1 conducted himself towards the     
schemer with much cordiality and        
kindness4 ,proud men never unbend until 

their supremacy is acknowledged through 
your servility4 ,your submission turns  
their gall to honey--converts their     
vinegar to milk--to the very cream of   
human complaisance4 ,mr ,bellamy acted  
his part in this respect1 as in every   
other--well2 a tiger to such as would   
not cringe1 he could become a playful   
lamb to all who were content to fawn4   
,planner and he were on the best        
possible terms4 ,looking into what is   
called the nature of things1 we shall   
think it very natural on the part of ,mr
 ,bellamy1 when he found himself so     
agreeably situated in regard to the     
circulating medium1 if he took an early 
opportunity to help himself of the      
abundance by which he was surrounded4   
,the truth is1 that some time before the
 visit of ,allcraft to the ,continent1  
he had entertained a very serious       
intention of drawing out of the concern 
the anticipatory profits of a few years1
 in order to relieve himself and fine   
estate from certain engagements which   

pressed inconveniently on both--but his 
object had not1 for many reasons1 been  
carried into effect4 ,in the first      
place1 a moderate degree of actual shame
 withheld him--and again1 he had begged 
for time from his creditor1 and obtained
 it4 ,allcraft absent1 the sense of     
shame diminished2 before he could return
 to ,england1 the grateful respite was  
at an end4 ,it was a fine bright morning
 when ,mr ,bellamy's grand carriage drew
 up in state before the banking-house1  
and the highly respectable proprietor   
descended from it with his accustomed   
style and dignity4 ,mr ,planner was1 at 
the moment1 at his desk1 very busy with 
the prospectus of the ,pantamorphica    
,association1 in which he had just      
completed some very striking            
additions--but perceiving his respected 
colleague1 he jumped from his seat1 and 
hastened to give him greeting4  ,don't  
let me disturb you1 my dear friend1 said
 the gracious ,mr ,bellamy4 ,i beg      
you'll prosecute your labours4  ,don't  

mention it1 ,i pray--so like you1 ,mr   
,bellamy--always considerate and kind4  
,busy1 ,mr ,planner--eh8--a deal to do  
now in the absence of our good friend8  
,enough1 enough sir1 ,i assure you--but 
business1 sir1 is pleasure to the active
 mind4  ,very true--we feel your worth1 
sir--the house acknowledges your        
ability1 ,mr ,planner4  ,dear ,mr       
,bellamy--you are very flattering4      
,no--not at all4 ,have you any          
engagement1 ,mr ,planner1 for this      
evening8 ,can you find time to dine with
 us at the ,hall8 ,i am positively angry
 with you for your repeated excuses4  ,i
 shall be too proud1 sir--business      
hitherto----  ,ay--ay--but1 my good sir1
 we must not sacrifice ourselves to     
business4 ,a little recreation is       
absolutely necessary4  ,so it is1       
sir--so it is--and you1 sir1 with your  
splendid fortune and superior taste---- 
,ah1 ah--apropos6 have you heard from   
,mr ,allcraft lately8  ,this morning1   
sir4  ,when does he return1 pray8  ,in  

about a week from this4 ,he writes he   
leaves ,vienna this very day4  ,dear me1
 how very inconvenient1 how very vexing6
  ,what is it1 may ,i ask1 sir8  ,oh1 a 
trifle1 ,mr ,planner4 ,dear me--dear    
me--it is annoying too6  ,is it nothing 
that we can do1 sir8 ,any thing the bank
 can offer8  ,why--my dear sir--it is   
rather awkward1 certainly4 ,i have      
engaged to complete a purchase1 and it  
must be done to-morrow4 ,what cash have 
we in the house8 ,there can be no       
impropriety in withdrawing a few        
thousand pounds for a short time4 ,what 
do you think--,mr ,allcraft being away8 
,now1 ,planner himself1 during the last 
few days1 had been very busy with the   
cash-box1 in order to meet the expenses 
of certain preliminaries essential to   
the success of the infant               
,pantamorphica--into which speculation1 
by the way1 he had entered heart and    
soul--and it was quite a relief and a   
joy to him to find his partner turning  
his attention to the same quarter2 so   

true it is1 that no pleasure is so sweet
 to a sinner1 as the wickedness and     
companionship of a brother criminal4    
,impropriety1 sir6 exclaimed the        
schemer4 ,certainly not4 ,draw your     
cheque1 sir4 ,if we have not the money  
here1 we have a heavy purse in          
,london--and ,i beg you will command it4
  ,you think1 then1 that until our      
friend's return----  ,i am perfectly    
satisfied1 ,mr ,bellamy1 said ,planner1 
with an emphasis on every word1 as men  
will sometimes use1 feeling and         
believing all that they assert4 ,i am   
thoroughly convinced that nothing would 
give ,mr ,allcraft greater pain than to 
know you had needed a temporary loan1   
and had not availed yourself of every   
opportunity that the bank affords you4  
,i entreat you not to hesitate one      
instant4 ,how much may you require8     
,well1 my dear sir--you will dine with  
us this evening4 ,we will talk the      
matter over4 ,don't be late4 ,upon      
consideration1 it may be quite as well1 

perhaps1 to draw upon the bank4  ,much  
better1 sir1 ,i am sure1 in every way4  
,will you walk into the private room8   
,you'll find pen1 ink1 and paper there4 
,we can accommodate you1 sir--no doubt4 
,thank you1 ,mr ,planner1 thank you4    
,how very few of the numerous clients of
 ,messrs ,allcraft1 ,bellamy1 ,brammel1 
and ,planner1 in their worst dreams that
 night1 dreamt of the havoc which was   
making with their beloved and           
hard-earned cash6     ,,college         
,,theatricals4   ,it wanted but two or  
three weeks to the ,christmas vacation1 
and we--the worshipful society of       
under-graduates of ---- ,college1       
,oxford--were beginning to get tired of 
the eternal round of supper parties     
which usually marked the close of our   
winter's campaign1 and ready to hail    
with delight any proposition that had   
the charm of novelty4 ,a three weeks'   
frost had effectually stopped the       
hunting2 all the best tandem leaders    
were completely screwed2 the freshmen   

had been larked till they were grown as 
cunning as magpies2 and the ,dean had   
set up a divinity lecture at two        
o'clock1 and published a stringent      
proclamation against rows in the ,quad4 
,it was1 in short1 in a particularly    
uninteresting state of things1 with the 
snow falling lazily upon the grey roofs 
and silent quadrangle1 that some half   
dozen of us had congregated in ,bob     
,thornhill's rooms1 to get over the time
 between lunch and dinner with as little
 trouble to our mental and corporal     
faculties as possible4 ,those among us  
who had been for the last three months  
promising to themselves to begin to read
 next week1 had now put off that too    
easy creditor1 conscience1 till next    
term4 ,one alone had settled his        
engagements of that nature1 or1 in the  
language of his ,testamur--the prettiest
 bit of ,latin1 he declared1 that he    
ever saw--satisfecit examinatoribus4    
,unquestionably1 in his case1 the       
examiners must have had the rare virtue 

of being very easily satisfied4 ,in     
fact1 ,mr ,savile's discharge of his    
educational engagements was rather a    
sort of whitewashing than a payment in  
full4 ,his passing was what is          
technically called a shave1 a metaphor  
alluding to that intellectual density   
which finds it difficult to squeeze     
through the narrow portal which admits  
to the privileges of a ,bachelor of     
,arts4 ,as ,mr ,s4 himself1 being a     
sporting man1 described it1 it was a    
very close run indeed2 not that he      
considered that circumstance to         
derogate1 in any way1 from his victory2 
he was rather inclined to consider1     
that1 having shown the field of         
examiners capital sport1 and fairly got 
away from them in the end without the   
loss of his brush1 his examination had  
been one of the very best runs of the   
season4 ,in virtue whereof he was now   
mounted on the arm of an easy-chair1    
with a long chibouque1 which became the 
gravity of an incipient bachelor better 

than a cigar1 and took upon himself to  
give ,thornhill 7who was really a clever
 fellow1 and professing to be reading   
for a first7 some advice as to his      
conducting himself when his examination 
should arrive4  ,i'll tell you what1    
,thornhill1 old boy1 ,i'll give you a   
wrinkle2 it doesn't always answer to let
 out all you know at an examination4    
,that sly old varmint1 ,west of         
,magdalen1 asked me who ,hannibal was4  
',aha6'--said ,i to myself--'that's your
 line of country1 is it8 ,you want to   
walk me straight into those botheration 
,punic ,wars1 it's no go1 though2 ,i    
sha'n't break cover in that direction4' 
,so ,i was mute4 ',can't you tell me    
something about ,hannibal8' says old    
,west again4 ',i can1' thinks ,i1 'but  
,i won't4' ,he was regularly            
flabbergasted2 ,i spoilt his beat       
entirely1 don't you see8 so he looked as
 black as thunder1 and tried it on in a 
fresh place4 ,if ,i had been fool enough
 to let him dodge me in those ,punic    

,wars1 ,i could have been run into in no
 time4 ,depend upon it1 there's nothing 
like a judicious ignorance occasionally4
  ,why1 said ,thornhill1 'when ignorance
 is bliss1' 7i4 e4 when it gets through 
the schools17 'tis folly to be wise4'   
,ah6 that's ,shakspeare says that1 isn't
 it8 ,i wish one could take up          
,shakspeare for a class6 ,i'm devilish  
fond of ,shakspeare4 ,we used to act    
,shakspeare at a private school ,i was  
at4  ,by ,jove6 said somebody from      
behind a cloud of smoke--whose the      
brilliant idea was1 was afterwards      
matter of dispute--why couldn't we get  
up a play8  ,ah6 why not8 why not8      
,capital6  ,it's such a horrid bore     
learning one's part1 lisped the elegant 
,horace ,leicester1 half awake on the   
sofa4  ,oh1 stuff6 said ,savile1 it's   
the very thing to keep us alive6 ,we    
could make a capital theatre out of the 
hall2 don't you think the little vice   
principal would give us leave8  ,you had
 better ask for the chapel at once4     

,why1 don't you know1 my dear fellow1   
the college hall1 in the opinion of the 
dean and the vice1 is held rather more  
sacred of the two8 ,newcome1 poor devil1
 attempted to cut a joke at the high    
table one of the times he dined there   
after he was elected1 and he told me    
that they all stared at him as if he had
 insulted them2 and the vice 7in        
confidence7 explained to him that such  
'levity' was treason against the        
'reverentia loci6'  ,ay1 ,i remember    
when that old villain ,solomon1 the     
porter1 fined me ten shillings for      
walking in there with spurs one day when
 ,i was late for dinner2 he said the    
dean always took off his cap when he    
went in there by himself1 and threatened
 to turn off old ,higgs1 when he had    
been scout forty years1 because he heard
 him whistling one day while he was     
sweeping it out6 ,well1 continued       
,savile1 you shall have my rooms2 ,i    
sha'n't trouble them much now4 ,i am    
going to pack all my books down to old  

,wise's next week1 to turn them into    
ready tin2 so you may turn the study    
into a carpenter's shop1 if you like4   
,oh1 it can be managed famously6  ,so1  
after a few pros and cons1 it was       
finally settled that ,mr ,savile's rooms
 should become the ,theatre ,royal1 ----
 ,college2 and ,i was honoured with the 
responsible office of stage-manager4    
,what the play was to be was a more     
difficult point to settle4 ,savile      
proposed ,romeo and ,juliet1 and        
volunteered for the hero2 but it passed 
the united strength of the company to   
get up a decent ,juliet4 ,richard the   
,third was suggested2 we had six        
,richards in the field at once4 ,we soon
 gave up the heroics1 and decided on    
comedy2 for1 since our audience would be
 sure to laugh1 we should at least have 
a chance of getting the laugh in the    
right place4 ,so1 after long discussion1
 we fixed on ,she ,stoops to ,conquer4  
,there were a good many reasons for this
 selection4 ,first1 it was a piece      

possessing that grand desideratum in all
 amateur performances1 that there were  
several parts in it of equal calibre1   
and none which implied decided          
superiority of talent in its            
representative4 ,secondly1 there was not
 much love in it2 a material point      
where1 as an ,irishman might say1 all   
the ladies were gentlemen4 ,thirdly1 the
 scenery1 dresses1 properties1 and      
decorations1 were of the very simplest  
description3 it was easily put upon the 
stage4 ,we found little difficulty in   
casting the male characters2 old ,mrs   
,hardcastle1 not requiring any great    
share of personal attractions1 and being
 considered a part that would tell1 soon
 found a representative2 but when we    
came to the donnas--prima and           
secunda--then it was that the manager's 
troubles began4 ,it was really          
necessary1 to ensure the most moderate  
degree of success to the comedy1 that   
,miss ,hardcastle should have at least a
 lady-like deportment4 ,the public      

voice1 first in whispers1 then audibly1 
at last vociferously1 called upon       
,leicester4 ,slightly formed1 handsome1 
clever and accomplished1 with naturally 
graceful manners1 and a fair share of   
vanity and affectation1 there was no    
doubt of his making a respectable       
heroine if he would consent to be made  
love to4 ,in vain did he protest against
 the petticoats1 and urge with affecting
 earnestness the claims of the whiskers 
which for the last six months he had so 
diligently been cultivating2 the chorus 
of entreaty and expostulation had its   
effect1 aided by a well-timed compliment
 to the aristocratically small hand and 
foot1 of which ,horace was pardonably   
vain4 ,shaving was pronounced           
indispensable to the due growth of the  
whiskers2 and the importance of the     
character1 and the point of the         
situations1 so strongly dwelt upon1 that
 he became gradually reconciled to his  
fate1 and began seriously to discuss the
 question whether ,miss ,hardcastle     

should wear her hair in curls or bands4 
,a freshman of seventeen1 who had no    
pretensions in the way of whiskers1 and 
who was too happy to be admitted on any 
terms to a share in such a fast idea as 
the getting up a play1 was to be the    
,miss ,neville2 and before the hall bell
 rang for dinner1 an order had been     
despatched for a dozen acting copies of 
,she ,stoops to ,conquer4  ,times have  
materially changed since ,queen         
,elizabeth's visit to ,christ-,church2  
the ,university1 one of the earliest    
nurses of the infant drama1 has long    
since turned it out of doors for a      
naughty child2 and forbid it1 under pain
 of worse than whipping1 to come any    
nearer than ,abingdon or ,bicester4     
,taking into consideration the style of 
some of the performances1 in which      
under-graduates of some three hundred   
years ago were the actors1 the ,oxford  
,theatre of those days1 if it had more  
wit in it than the present1 had somewhat
 less decency3 the ancient moralities   

were not over moral1 and the mysteries  
rather ,babylonish4 ,so far we have had 
no great loss4 ,whether the judicious   
getting up of a tragedy of ,sophocles or
 ,aeschylus1 or even a comedy of        
,terence--classically managed--as it    
could be done in ,oxford--and well      
acted1 would be more unbecoming the     
gravity of our collected wisdom1 or more
 derogatory to the dignity of our noble 
theatre1 than the squalling of ,italian 
singers1 masculine1 feminine1 and       
neuter--is a question which1 when ,i    
take my ,m4,a41 ,i shall certainly      
propose in convocation4 ,thus much ,i am
 sure of1 if a classical play-bill were 
duly announced for the next grand       
commemoration1 it would draw almost as  
well as the ,duke2 the dresses might be 
quite as showy1 the action hardly less  
graceful1 than those of the odd-looking 
gentlemen who are dubbed doctors of     
civil law on such occasions2 and the    
speeches of ,prometheus1 ,oedipus1 or   
,antigone1 would be more intelligible to

 the learned1 and more amusing to the   
ladies1 than those ,latin essays or the 
,creweian oration4  ,however1 until ,i  
am vice-chancellor1 the legitimate      
drama1 ,greek1 ,roman1 or ,english1     
seems little likely to revive in        
,oxford4 ,our branch of that great      
family1 ,i confess1 bore the            
bar-sinister4 ,the offspring of our     
theatrical affections was unrecognized  
by college authority4 ,the fellows of   
---- would have done any thing but smile
 upon its birth4 ,the dean especially   
would have burked it at once had he     
suspected its existence4 ,nor was it    
fostered1 like the former ,oxford       
theatricals to which we have alluded1 by
 royal patronage2 we could not1         
consistently with decorum1 request her  
,majesty to encourage an illegitimate4  
,nevertheless--spite of its being thus  
born under the rose--it grew and        
prospered4 ,our plan of rehearsal was   
original4 ,we used to adjourn from      
dinner to the rooms of one or other of  

the company2 and there1 over our wine   
and dessert1 instead of quizzing        
freshmen and abusing tutors1 open each  
our copy1 and1 with all due emphasis and
 intonation1 go regularly through the   
scenes of ,she ,stoops to ,conquer4     
,this was all the study we ever gave to 
our parts3 and even thus it was         
difficult to get a muster of all the    
performers1 and we had generally to play
 dummy for some one or more of the      
characters1 or double them1 as the      
professionals call it4 ,the excuses for 
absenteeism were various4 ,mrs          
,hardcastle and ,tony were gone to      
,woodstock with a team1 and were not to 
be waited for2 ,diggory had a command to
 dine with the principal2 and once an   
interesting dialogue was cut short by   
the untoward event of ,miss ,neville's  
being confined--in consequence of some  
indiscretion or other--to chapel4 ,it   
was necessary in our management1 as much
 as in ,mr ,bunn's or ,mr ,macready's1  
to humour the caprices of the stars of  

the company3 but the lesser lights1 if  
they became eccentric at all in their   
orbits1 were extinguished without mercy4
 ,their place was easily supplied2 for  
the moment it became known that a play  
was in contemplation1 there were plenty 
of candidates for dramatic fame1        
especially among the freshmen3 and      
though we mortally offended one or two  
aspiring geniuses by proffering them the
 vacant situations of ,ralph1 ,roger1   
and ,co41 in ,mr ,hardcastle's          
household1 on condition of having their 
respective blue dress coats turned up   
with yellow to represent the family     
livery1 there were others to whom the   
being admitted behind the scenes1 even  
in these humble characters1 was a       
subject of laudable ambition4 ,nay1     
unimportant as were some parts in       
themselves1 they were quite enough for  
the histrionic talent of some of our    
friends4 ,till ,i became a manager      
myself1 ,i always used to lose patience 
at the wretched manner in which some of 

the underlings on the stage went through
 the little they had to say and do3     
there seemed no reason why the sticks   
should be so provokingly sticky2 and it 
surprised me that a man who could accost
 one fluently enough at the stage door1 
should make such a bungle as some of    
them did in a message of some half dozen
 words in character4 ,but when ,i first 
became initiated into the mysteries of  
amateur performances1 and saw how       
entirely destitute some men were of any 
notion of natural acting1 and how they  
made a point of repeating two lines of  
familiar dialogue with the tone and     
manner1 but without the correctness of a
 schoolboy going through a task--then it
 ceased to be any matter of wonder that 
those to whom acting was no joke1 but an
 unhappily earnest mode of getting      
bread1 should so often make their       
performance appear the uneasy effort    
which it is4 ,there was one man in      
particular1 a good-humoured1 gentlemanly
 fellow1 a favourite with us all2 not   

remarkable for talent1 but a pleasant   
companion enough1 with plenty of common 
sense4 ,well1 he would be an actor--it  
was his own fancy to have a part1 and1  
as he was one of us1 we could not well  
refuse him4 ,we gave him an easy one1   
for he was not vain of his own powers1  
or ambitious of theatrical distinction2 
so he was to be second fellow--one of   
,tony's pot-companions4 ,he had but two 
lines to speak2 but1 from the very first
 time ,i heard him read them1 ,i set him
 down as a hopeless case4 ,he read them 
as if he had just learned to spell the  
words2 when he repeated them without the
 book1 it was like a clergyman giving   
out a text4 ,and so it was with a good  
many of the rank and file of the        
company2 we had more labour to drill    
them into something like a natural      
intonation than to learn our own longest
 speeches twice over4 ,so we made their 
attendance at rehearsals a sine qua non4
 ,we dismissed a promising ,mat ,muggins
 because he went to the ,union two      

nights successively1 when he ought to   
have been at ,the ,three ,pigeons4 ,we  
superseded a very respectable landlord  
7though he had actually been measured   
for a corporation and a pair of calves7 
for inattention to business4 ,the only  
one of the supernumeraries whom it was  
at all necessary to conciliate1 was the 
gentleman who was to sing the comic song
 instead of ,tony1 7,savile1 the        
representative of the said ,tony1 not   
having music in his soul beyond a       
view-holloa47 ,he was allowed to go and 
come at our readings ad libitum1 upon   
condition of being very careful not to  
take cold4  ,when we had become         
tolerably perfect in the words of our   
parts1 it was deemed expedient to have a
 dress rehearsal--especially for the    
ladies4 ,it is not very easy to move    
safely--let alone gracefully--in        
petticoats1 for those who are accustomed
 to move their legs somewhat more       
independently4 ,and it would not have   
been civil in ,messrs ,marlow and       

,hastings to laugh outright at their    
lady-loves before company1 as they were 
sure to do upon their first appearance4 
,a dress rehearsal1 therefore1 was a    
very necessary precaution4 ,but if it   
was difficult to get the company        
together at six o'clock under the       
friendly disguise of a wine-party1      
doubly difficult was it to expect them  
to muster at eleven in the morning4 ,the
 first day that we fixed for it1 there  
came a not very lady-like note1         
evidently written in bed1 from ,miss    
,hardcastle1 stating1 that having been  
at a supper-party the night before1 and 
there partaken of brandy-punch to an    
extent to which she was wholly          
unaccustomed1 it was quite impossible1  
in the present state of her nervous     
system1 for her to make her appearance  
in character at any price4 ,there was no
 alternative but to put off the         
rehearsal2 and that very week occurred a
 circumstance which was very near being 
the cause of its adjournment sine die4  

,mr ,hawthorne1 said the dean to me one 
morning1 when ,i was leaving his rooms1 
rejoicing in the termination of lecture1
 ,i wish to speak with you1 if you      
please4 ,the dean's communications were 
seldom of a very pleasing kind1 and on  
this particular morning his countenance 
gave token that he had hit upon         
something more than usually piquant4    
,the rest of the men filed out of the   
door as slowly as they conveniently     
could1 in the hope1 ,i suppose1 of      
hearing the dean's fire open upon me1   
but he waited patiently till my         
particular friend1 ,bob ,thornhill1 had 
picked up carefully1 one by one1 his    
miscellaneous collection of note-book1  
pencil1 penknife1 and other small wares1
 and had been obliged at length to make 
an unwilling exit2 when1 seeing the door
 finally closed1 he commenced with his  
usual--,have the goodness to sit down1  
sir4  ,experience had taught me1 that it
 was as well to make one's-self as      
comfortable as might be upon these      

occasions2 so ,i took the easy-chair1   
and tried to look as if ,i thought the  
dean merely wanted to have a pleasant   
half-hour's chat4 ,he marched into a    
little back-room that he called his     
study1 and ,i began to speculate upon   
the probable subject of our conference4 
,strange6 that week had been a more than
 usually quiet one4 ,no late knocking   
in2 no cutting lectures at chapel2      
positively ,i began to think that1 for  
once1 the dean had gone on a wrong      
scent1 and that ,i should repel his     
accusations with all the dignity of     
injured innocence2 or had he sent for me
 to offer his congratulations on my     
having commenced in the steady line1 and
 to ask me to breakfast8 ,i was not long
 to indulge such delusive hopes4        
,re-enter the dean1 ,o4 ,p41 as our     
stage directions would have had it1     
with--a pair of stays6  ,by what        
confounded ill-luck they had got into   
his possession ,i could not imagine2 but
 there they were4 ,the dean touched them

 as if he felt their very touch an      
abomination1 threw them on the table1   
and briefly said--,these1 sir1 were     
found in your rooms this morning4 ,can  
you explain how they came there8  ,true 
enough1 ,leicester had been trying on   
the abominable articles in my bedroom1  
and ,i had stuffed them into a drawer   
till wanted4 ,what to say was indeed a  
puzzle4 ,to tell the whole truth would1 
no doubt1 have ended the matter at once1
 and a hearty laugh should ,i have had  
at the dean's expense2 but it would have
 put the stopper on ,she ,stoops to     
,conquer4 ,it was too ridiculous to look
 grave about2 and blacker grew the      
countenance before me1 as1 with a vain  
attempt to conceal a smile1 ,i echoed   
his words1 and stammered out--,in my    
rooms1 sir8  ,yes1 sir1 in your         
bed-room4 ,he rang the bell4 ,your      
servant1 ,simmons1 most properly brought
 them to me4  ,the little rascal6 ,i had
 been afraid to let him know any thing  
about the theatricals2 for ,i knew      

perfectly well the dean would hear of it
 in half an hour1 for he served him in  
the double capacity of scout and spy4   
,before the bell had stopped1 ,dick     
,simmons made his appearance1 having    
evidently been kept at hand4 ,he did    
look rather ashamed of himself1 when ,i 
asked him1 what business he had to      
search my wardrobe8  ,oh dear1 sir6 ,i  
never did no sich a thing2 ,i was       
a-making of your bed1 sir1 when ,i sees 
the tag of a stay-lace hanging out of   
your topmost drawer1 sir--7,i am a      
married man1 sir1 to the dean           
apologetically1 and ,i know the tag of a
 stay-lace1 sir7--and so ,i took it out1
 sir2 and knowing my duty to the        
college1 sir1 though ,i should be very  
sorry to bring you into trouble1 ,mr    
,hawthorne1 sir----  ,yes1 yes1         
,simmons1 you did quite right1 said the 
dean4 ,you are bound to give notice to  
the college authorities of all          
irregularities1 and your situation      
requires that you should be             

conscientious4  ,i hope ,i am1 sir1 said
 the little rascal2 but indeed ,i am    
very sorry1 ,mr ,hawthorne1 sir----     
,oh6 never mind1 said ,i2 you did right1
 no doubt4 ,i can only say those things 
are not mine1 sir2 they belong to a     
friend of mine4  ,i don't ask who they  
belong to1 sir1 said the dean           
indignantly2 ,i ask1 sir1 how came they 
in your rooms8  ,i believe1 sir1 my     
friend 7he was in my rooms yesterday7   
left them there4 ,some men wear stays1  
sir1 continued ,i1 boldly2 it's very    
much the fashion1 ,i'm told4  ,eh6 hum6 
said the dean1 eyeing the brown jean    
doubtingly4 ,i have heard of such       
things4 ,horrid puppies men are now4    
,never dreamt of such things in my      
younger days2 but then1 sir1 we were not
 allowed to wear white trousers1 and    
waistcoats of ,i don't know what        
colours2 we were made to attend to the  
statutes1 sir4 ',nigri aut suspici1'    
sir1 ,ah6 times are changed--times are  
changed1 indeed6 ,and do you mean to    

say1 sir1 you have a friend1 a member of
 this university1 who wears such things 
as these8  ,i might have got clear off1 
if it had not been for that rascal      
,simmons4 ,i saw him give the dean a    
look1 and an almost imperceptible shake 
of the head4  ,but ,i don't think1 sir1 
resumed he1 these can be a man's        
stays--eh1 ,simmons8 ,simmons looked    
diligently at his toes4 ,no1 said the   
dean1 investigating the unhappy garment 
more closely--no1 ,i fear1 ,simmons1    
these are female stays6  ,the           
conscientious ,simmons made no sign4  ,i
 don't know1 sir1 said ,i1 as he looked 
from ,simmons to me4 ,i don't wear      
stays1 and ,i know nothing about them4  
,if ,simmons were to fetch a pair of    
,mrs ,simmons's1 sir1 resumed ,i1 you   
could compare them4  ,mrs ,simmons's    
figure resembled a sack of flour1 with a
 string round it2 and1 if she did wear  
the articles in question1 they must have
 been of a pattern almost unique--made  
to order4  ,sir1 said the dean1 your    

flippancy is unbecoming4 ,i shall not   
pursue this investigation any further2  
but ,i am bound to tell you1 sir1 this  
circumstance is suspicious--very        
suspicious4 ,i could not resist a smile 
for the life of me4 ,and doubly         
suspicious1 sir1 in your case4 ,the eyes
 of the college are upon you1 sir4 ,he  
was evidently losing his temper1 so ,i  
bowed profoundly1 and he grew more      
irate4 ,ever since1 sir1 that atrocious 
business of the frogs1 though the       
college authorities failed in           
discovering the guilty parties1 there   
are some individuals1 sir1 whose conduct
 is watched attentively4 ,good-morning1 
sir4  ,the business of the frogs1 to    
which the dean so rancorously alluded1  
had1 indeed1 caused some consternation  
to the fellows of----4 ,there had been a
 marvellous story going the round of the
 papers1 of a shower of the inelegant   
reptiles in question having fallen in   
some part of the kingdom4 ,old women    
were muttering prophecies1 and wise men 

acknowledged themselves puzzled4 ,the   
,ashmolean ,society had sat in conclave 
upon it1 and accounted so satisfactorily
 for the occurrence1 that the only      
wonder seemed to be that we had not a   
shower of frogs1 or some equally        
agreeable visitors1 every rainy morning4
 ,now1 every one who has strolled round 
,christ-,church meadows on a warm       
evening1 especially after rain1 must    
have been greeted at intervals by a     
whole gamut of croaks2 and1 if he had   
the curiosity to peer into the green    
ditches as he passed along1 he might    
catch a glimpse of the heads of the     
performers4 ,well1 the joint reflections
 of myself and an ingenious friend1 who 
were studying this branch of zoology    
while waiting for the coming up of the  
boats one night1 tended to the          
conclusion1 that a very successful      
imitation of the late ,extraordinary    
,phenomenon might be got up for the     
edification of the scientific in our own
 college4 ,animals of all kinds find    

dealers and purchasers in ,oxford4 ,curs
 of lowest degree have their prices4    
,rats1 being necessary in the education 
of terriers1 come rather expensive4 ,a  
pole-cat--even with three legs          
only--will command a fancy price4       
,sparrows1 larks1 and other small birds1
 are retailed by the dozen on ,cowley   
,marsh to gentlemen under-graduates who 
are aspiring to the pigeon-trap4 ,but as
 yet there had been no demand for frogs1
 and there was quite a glut of them in  
the market4 ,they were cheap            
accordingly2 for a shilling a hundred we
 found that we might inflict the second 
plague of ,egypt upon the whole         
university4 ,the next evening1 two      
hampers1 containing1 as our purveyor    
assured us1 very prime 'uns1 arrived at 
my rooms from ,mr ,s----1 the wine      
merchant2 and1 by daylight on the       
following morning1 were judiciously     
distributed throughout all the          
come-at-able premises within the college
 walls4 ,when ,i awoke the next morning1

 ,i heard voices in earnest conversation
 under my window1 and looked out with no
 little curiosity4 ,the frogs had       
evidently produced a sensation4 ,the    
bursar1 disturbed apparently from his   
early breakfast1 stood robed in an      
ancient dressing-gown1 with the ,times  
in his hand1 on which he was balancing a
 frog as yellow as himself4 ,the dean1  
in cap and surplice1 on his way from    
chapel1 was eagerly listening to the    
account which one of the scouts was     
giving him of the first discovery of the
 intruders4  ,me and my missis1 sir1    
quoth ,john1 was a-coming into college  
when it was hardly to say daylight1 when
 she1 as ,i reckon1 sets foot upon one  
of 'em1 and was like to have been       
back'ards with a set of breakfast chiney
 as she was a-bringing in for one of the
 fresh gentlemen4 ,she scritches out in 
course1 and ,i looks down1 and then ,i  
sees two or three a' 'oppin about2 but  
,i didn't take much notice till ,i gets 
to the thoroughfare1 when there was a   

whole row on 'em a-trying to climb up   
the bottom step2 and then ,i calls      
,solomon the porter1 and----  ,here ,i  
left my window1 and1 making a hasty     
toilet1 joined a group of               
under-graduates1 who were now collecting
 round the dean and bursar4 ,i cast my  
eyes round the quadrangle1 and was      
delighted with the success of our       
labours4 ,there had been a heavy shower 
in the night1 and the frogs were as     
lively as they could be on so ungenial a
 location as a gravelled court4 ,in     
every corner was a goodly cluster1 who  
were making ladders of each other's     
backs1 as if determined to scale the    
college walls4 ,some1 of more retiring  
disposition1 were endeavouring to force 
themselves into crevices1 and hiding    
their heads behind projections to escape
 the gaze of academic eyes2 while a few 
active spirits seemed to be hopping a   
sweepstakes right for the common-room   
door4 ,just as ,i made my appearance1   
the principal came out of the door of   

his lodgings1 with another of the       
fellows1 having evidently been summoned 
to assist at the consultation4 ,good old
 soul6 his study of zoology had been    
chiefly confined to the class edibles1  
and a shower of frogs1 authenticated    
upon the oaths of the whole             
,convocation1 would not have been half  
so interesting to him as an importation 
of turtle4 ,however1 to do him justice1 
he put on his spectacles1 and looked as 
scientific as any body4 ,after due      
examination of the specimen of the genus
 ,zana which the bursar still held in   
captivity1 and pronouncing an unanimous 
opinion1 that1 come from where he would1
 he was a bona fide frog1 with nothing  
supernatural about him1 the conclave    
proceeded round the quadrangle1         
calculating the numbers1 and            
conjecturing the probable origin of     
these strange visitors4 ,equally        
curious1 if not equally scientific1 were
 the under-graduates who followed them2 
for1 having strictly kept our own       

secret1 my friend and myself were the   
only parties who could solve the        
mystery2 and though many suspected that 
the frogs were unwilling emigrants1 none
 knew to whom they were indebted for    
their introduction to college4 ,the     
collected wisdom of the dons soon       
decided that a shower of full-grown     
frogs was a novelty even in the         
extraordinary occurrences of newspapers2
 and as not even a single individual    
croaker was to be discovered outside the
 walls of ----1 it became evident that  
the whole affair was1 as the dean       
described it1 another of those outrages 
upon academic discipline1 which were as 
senseless as they were disgraceful4  ,i 
daresay the dean's anathema was as      
sensible as it was sincere2 but it did  
not prevent our thoroughly enjoying the 
success of the outrage at the time2 nor 
does it1 unfortunately1 suffice at this 
present moment to check something like  
an inward chuckle1 when ,i think of the 
trouble which it cost the various       

retainers of the college to clear it    
effectually of its strange visitors4    
,hopkins1 the old butler1 who was of    
rather an imaginative temperament1 and  
had a marvellous tale to tell any one   
who would listen1 of a departed bursar1 
who1 having caught his death of cold by 
superintending the laying down of three 
pipes of port1 might ever afterwards be 
heard1 upon such interesting occasions1 
walking about the damp cellars after    
nightfall in pattens4 ,hopkins1 the     
oracle of the college tap1 maintained   
that the frogs were something off the   
common2 and strengthened his opinion by 
reference to a specimen which he had    
selected--a lank1 black1 skinny         
individual1 which really looked ugly    
enough to have come from any where4     
,scouts1 wives1 and children1 7they     
always make a point of having large     
families1 in order to eat up the spare  
commons17 all were busy1 through that   
eventful day1 in a novel occupation1 and
 by dinnertime not a frog was to be     

seen2 but long1 long afterwards1 on a   
moist evening1 fugitives from the       
general prescription might be seen      
making their silent way across the      
quadrangle1 and croakings were heard at 
night-time1 which might 7as ,homer      
relates of his frogs7 have disturbed    
,minerva1 only that the goddess of      
wisdom1 in chambers collegiate1 sleeps  
usually pretty sound4  ,the business of 
the stays1 however1 bid fair to         
supersede the business of the frogs1 in 
the dean's record of my supposed crimes2
 and as ,i fully intended to clear      
myself1 even to his satisfaction1 of any
 suspicion which might attach to me from
 the possession of such questionable    
articles so soon as our theatre closed  
for the season1 ,i resolved that my     
successful defence from this last       
imputation would be an admirable ground 
on which to assume the dignity of a     
martyr1 to appeal against all           
uncharitable conclusions from           
insufficient premises1 and come out as  

the personification of injured innocence
 throughout my whole college career4    
,when my interview with the dean was    
over1 ,i ordered some luncheon up to    
,leicester's rooms1 where1 as ,i        
expected1 ,i found most of my own set   
collected1 in order to hear the result4 
,a private conference with the official 
aforesaid seldom boded good to the party
 so favoured2 the dean seldom made his  
communications so agreeable as he might 
have done4 ,in college1 as in most other
 societies1 ,la ,rochefoucauld's maxim  
holds good--that there is always        
something pleasant in the misfortunes of
 one's friends2 and1 whenever an unlucky
 wight did get into a row1 he might     
pretty confidently reckon upon being    
laughed at4 ,in fact1 under-graduates   
considered themselves as engaged in a   
war of stratagem against an unholy      
alliance of deans1 tutors1 and proctors2
 and in every encounter the defeated    
party was looked upon as the deluded    
victim of superior ingenuity--as having 

been done1 in short4 ,so1 if a lark     
succeeded1 the authorities aforesaid    
were decidedly done1 and laughed at     
accordingly2 if it failed1 why the other
 party were done1 and there was still   
somebody to laugh at4 ,no doubt1 the    
jest was richer in the first case       
supposed2 but1 in the second1 there was 
the additional gusto1 so dear to human  
philanthropy1 of having the victim      
present1 and enjoying his discomfiture1 
which1 in the case of the dons being the
 sufferers1 was denied us4 ,it may seem 
to argue something of a want of sympathy
 to find amusement in misfortunes which 
might any day be our own2 but any one   
who ever witnessed the air of ludicrous 
alarm with which an under-graduate      
prepares to obey the summons1 7capable  
of but one interpretation17--,the dean  
wishes to see you1 sir1 at ten          
o'clock--which so often1 in my time at  
least1 was sent as a whet to some of the
 assembled guests at a breakfast party2 
whoever has been applied to on such     

occasions for the loan of a tolerable   
cap1 7that of the delinquent having its 
corners in such dilapidated condition as
 to proclaim its owner a rowing man at  
once17 or has responded to the pathetic 
appeal--,do ,i look very seedy8--any one
 to whom such absurd recollections of   
early days occur--and if you1 good      
reader1 are a university man1 as1 being 
a gentleman1 ,i am bound in charity to  
conclude you are1 and yet have no such  
reminiscences--allow me to suggest that 
you must have been a very slow coach    
indeed2--any one1 ,i say once more1 who 
knows the ridiculous figure which a man 
cuts when hauled up before the college  
,minos1 or ,radamanthus1 will easily    
forgive his friends for being inclined  
to laugh at him4  ,however1 in the      
present case1 any anticipations of fun  
at my expense1 which the party in       
,leicester's rooms might charitably     
entertain1 were somewhat qualified by   
the fear1 that the consequences of any  
little private difference between the   

dean and myself might affect the        
prosperity of our unlicensed theatre4   
,and when they heard how very nearly the
 discovery of the stays had been fatal  
to our project1 execrations against     
,simmons's espionage were mingled with  
admiration of my escape from so critical
 a position4  ,the following is1 ,i     
apprehend1 an unique specimen of an     
,oxford bill--and the only one1 out of a
 tolerably large bundle which ,i keep   
for the sake of the receipts attached1  
7a precaution by no means uncalled for17
 which ,i find any amusement in         
referring to4       ---- ,hawthorne1    
,esq41                         ,to ,m4  
,moore4       #b pr4 brown jean corsets1
        #h  #j      ,padding for do41   
made to order1  #b  #f                  
-----                                   
#aj  #f              ,rec'd4 same day1  
,m4 ,m4  7,savile1 when ,i showed it to 
him1 said the receipt was the only one  
of the kind he had seen in the course of
 a long experience47 ,very much         

surprised was the old lady1 of whom ,i  
made the purchase in my capacity of     
stage-manager1 at so uncommon a customer
 in her line of business2 and when1     
after enjoying her mystification for    
some time1 ,i let her into the secret1  
so delighted was she at the notion1 that
 she gave me sundry hints as to the     
management of the female toilet1 and    
offered to get made up for me any       
dresses that might be required4 ,so ,i  
introduced ,leicester and his           
fellow-heroines to my friend ,mrs       
,moore1 and by the joint exertions of   
their own tastes and her experience1    
they became possessed of some very      
tolerable costumes4 ,there was a good   
deal of fun going on1 ,i fancy1 in      
fitting and measuring1 in her back      
parlour2 for there was a daughter1 or a 
niece1 or something of the sort1 who cut
 out the dresses with the prettiest     
hands in the world1 as ,leicester       
declared2 but ,i was too busy with      
carpenters1 painters1 and other         

assistants1 to pay more than a flying   
visit to the ladies' department4  ,at   
last the rehearsal did come on4 ,as     
,hastings1 ,i had not much in the way of
 dress to alter2 and1 having some       
engagement in the early part of the     
morning1 ,i did not arrive at the       
theatre until the rest of the characters
 were already dressed and ready to      
begin4 ,though ,i had been consulted    
upon all manner of points1 from the     
arranging of a curl for ,miss ,neville  
to the colour of ,diggory's stockings1  
and knew the costume of every individual
 as well as my own1 yet so ludicrous was
 the effect of the whole when ,i entered
 the room1 that ,i threw myself into the
 nearest chair1 and laughed myself      
nearly into convulsions4 ,the figure    
which first met my eyes was a little    
ruddy freshman1 who had the part of the 
landlord1 and who1 in his zeal to do    
honour to our preference1 had dressed   
the character most elaborately4 ,a      
pillow1 which he could scarcely see     

over1 puffed out his red waistcoat2 and 
his hair was cut short1 and powdered    
with such good-will1 that for weeks     
afterwards1 in spite of diligent        
brushing1 he looked as grey as the      
principal4 ,there he stood--his legs    
clothed in grey worsted1 retreating far 
beyond his little white apron1 as if    
ashamed of their unusual appearance1    
,the mother that him bare1      ,she had
 not known her son4  ,every one1        
however1 had not been so classical in   
their costume4 ,there was ,sir ,charles 
,marlow in what had been a judge's wig1 
and ,mr ,hardcastle in a barrister's2   
both sufficiently unlike themselves1 at 
any rate1 if not very correct copies of 
their originals4 ,then the women6 ,as   
for ,mrs ,hardcastle1 she was           
perfection4 ,there never was1 ,i        
believe1 a better representation of the 
character4 ,it was well dressed1 and    
turned out a first-rate bit of          
acting--very far superior to any amateur
 performance ,i ever saw1 and1 with     

practice1 would have equalled that of   
any actress on the stage4 ,her very     
curtsy was comedy itself4 ,when ,i      
recovered my breath a little1 ,i was    
able to attend to the dialogue which was
 going on1 which was hardly less        
ridiculous than the strange disguises   
round me4 ,now1 ,miss ,hardcastle1      
7,marlow loquitur17 ,i have no objection
 to your smoking cigars during          
rehearsal1 of course--because you won't 
do that on ,monday night1 ,i suppose2   
but ,i must beg you to get out of the   
practice of standing or sitting         
crosslegged1 because it's not lady-like1
 or even barmaid-like--and don't laugh  
when ,i make love to you2 for if you do1
 ,i shall break down to a certainty4    
,thornhill1 do you think my waist will  
do8 said the anxious representative of  
the fair ,constance4 ,i have worn these 
cursed stays for an hour every evening  
for the last week1 and drawn them an    
inch tighter every time2 but ,i don't   
think ,i'm a very good figure after     

all--just try if they'll come any       
closer1 will you8 ,oh6 ,hawthorne1 ,i'm 
glad you are come1 said ,savile1 whom ,i
 hardly knew1 in a red wig2 now1 isn't  
there to be a bowl of real punch in the 
scene at the ,three ,pigeons--one can't 
pretend to drink1 you know1 with any    
degree of spirit8 ,oh6 of course1 said  
,i2 that's one of the landlord's        
properties3 ,miller1 you must provide   
that1 you know--send down for some cold 
tankards now2 they will do very well for
 rehearsal4 ,at last we got to work1 and
 proceeded1 with the prompter's         
assistance1 pretty smoothly1 and        
mutually applauding each other's        
performance1 going twice over some of   
the more difficult scenes1 and cutting  
out a good deal of love and sentiment4  
,the play was fixed for the next ,monday
 night1 playbills ordered to be printed1
 and cards of invitation issued to all  
the performers' intimate friends4 ,every
 scout in the college1 ,i believe1      
except my rascal ,simmons1 was in the   

secret1 and probably some of the fellows
 had a shrewd guess at what was going   
on2 but no one interfered with us4 ,we  
carried on all our operations as quietly
 as possible2 and the only circumstances
 likely to arouse suspicion in the minds
 of the authorities1 was the unusual    
absence of all disturbances of a minor  
nature within the walls1 in consequence 
of the one engrossing freak in which    
most of the more turbulent spirits were 
engaged4  ,at length the grand night    
arrived4 ,by nine o'clock the theatre in
 ,savile's rooms was as full as it could
 be crammed with any degree of comfort  
to actors and audience2 and in the study
 and bedroom1 which1 being on opposite  
sides1 served admirably for             
dressing-rooms behind the scenes1 the   
usual bustle of preparation was going   
on4 ,as is common in such cases1 some   
essential properties had been forgotten 
until the last moment4 ,no bonnet had   
been provided for ,mrs ,hardcastle to   
take her walks abroad in2 and when the  

little hairdresser1 who had been        
retained to give a finishing touch to   
some of the coiffeurs1 returned with one
 belonging to his missis1 which he had  
volunteered to lend1 the roar of        
uncontrollable merriment which this new 
embellishment of our disguised friend   
called forth1 made the audience         
clamorous for the rising of the         
curtain--thinking1 very excusably1 that 
it was quite unjustifiable to keep all  
the fun to ourselves4  ,after some      
little trial of our public's patience1  
the play began in good earnest1 and was 
most favourably received4 ,indeed1 as   
the only price of admission exacted was 
a promise of civil behaviour1 and there 
were two servants busily employed in    
handing about punch and bishop1 it would
 have been rather hard if we did not    
succeed in propitiating their           
good-humour4 ,with the exception of two 
gentlemen who had been dining out1 and  
were rather noisy in consequence1 and   
evinced a strong inclination            

occasionally to take a part in the      
dialogue1 all behaved wonderfully well1 
greeting each performer1 as he made his 
first entrance1 with a due amount of    
cheering2 rapturously applauding all the
 best scenes2 laughing1 7whether at the 
raciness of the acting or the grotesque 
metamorphoses of the actors1 made no    
great difference17 and filling up any   
gap which occurred in the proceedings on
 the stage1 in spite of the prompter1   
with vociferous encouragement to the    
sticket actor4 ,with an audience so     
disposed1 each successive scene went off
 better and better4 ,one deserves to be 
particularized4 ,it was the second in   
the first act of the comedy2 the stage  
directions for it are as                
follow3--,scene--,an ale-house          
room4--,several shabby fellows with     
punch and tobacco2 ,tony at the head of 
the table1 c41 discovered4 ,never       
perhaps1 in any previous representation1
 was the mise en scene so perfect4 ,it  
drew three rounds of applause4 ,a very  

equivocal compliment to ourselves it may
 be2 but such jolly-looking shabby      
fellows as sat round the table at which 
our ,tony presided1 were never furnished
 by the supernumeraries of ,drury or    
,covent-garden4 ,they were as classical1
 in their way1 as ,macready's ,roman    
mob4 ,then there was no make-believe    
puffing of empty pipes1 and fictitious  
drinking of small-beer for punch2 every 
nose among the audience could appreciate
 the genuineness of both liquor and     
tobacco2 and the hearty encore which the
 song1 with its stentorian chorus1 was  
honoured with1 gave all the parties     
engaged time to enjoy their punch and   
their pipes to their satisfaction4 ,it  
was quite a pity1 as was unanimously    
agreed1 when the entrance of ,marlow and
 ,hastings1 as in duty bound1           
interrupted so jovial a society4 ,but   
all that's bright must fade--and so the 
,three ,pigeons' scene1 and the play1   
too1 came to an end in due course4 ,the 
curtain fell amidst universal applause1 

modified only by the urgent request1    
which1 as manager1 ,i had more than once
 to repeat1 that gentlemen would be kind
 enough to restrain their feelings for  
fear of disturbing the dons4 ,the house 
resolved itself into its component      
elements--all went their ways--the      
reading men probably to a ,greek play1  
by way of afterpiece--sleepy ones to    
bed1 and idle ones to their various     
inventions--and the actors1 after the   
fatigues of the night1 to a supper1     
which was to be the finish4 ,it was to  
take place in one of the men's rooms    
which happened to be on the same        
staircase1 and had been committed to the
 charge of certain parties1 who         
understood our notions of an            
unexceptionable spread4 ,and a right    
merry party we were--all sitting down in
 character1 ,mrs ,hardcastle at the top 
of the table1 her worthy partner at     
bottom1 with the young ladies on each   
side4 ,it was the best tableau of the   
evening2 pity there was neither artist  

to sketch1 nor spectators to admire it6 
,but1 like many other merry meetings1   
there are faithful portraits of         
it--proof impressions--in the memories  
of many who were present2 not yet       
obliterated1 hardly even dimmed1 by     
time2 laid by1 like other valuables1    
which1 in the turmoil of life1 we find  
no time to look at1 but not thrown aside
 or forgotten1 and brought out          
sometimes1 in holidays and quiet hours1 
for us to look at once more1 and enjoy  
their beauty1 and feel1 after all1 how  
much what we have changed is calum non  
animum4 ,i am now--no matter what4 ,of  
my companions at that well-remembered   
supper1 one is a staid and orthodox     
divine2 one a rising barrister2 a third 
a respectable country gentleman1 justice
 of the peace1 and quorum2 a fourth1    
they tell me1 a semi ,papist1 but set us
 all down together in that same room1   
draw the champagne corks1 and let some  
,lethe 7the said champagne1 if you      
please7 wash out all that has passed    

over us in the last five years1 and my  
word on it1 three out of four of us are 
but boys still2 and though much shaving1
 pearl powder1 and carmine1 might fail  
to make of any of the party a heroine of
 any more delicate class than ,meg      
,merrilies1 ,i have no doubt we could   
all of us once more smoke a pipe in     
character at ,the ,three ,pigeons4      
,merrily the evening passed off1 and    
merrily the little hours came on1 and   
song and laugh rather grew gayer than   
slackened4 ,the strings of the stays had
 long ago been cut1 and the tresses1    
which were in the way of the cigars1    
were thrown back in dishevelled         
elegance4 ,the landlord found his       
stuffing somewhat warm1 and had laid    
aside half his fleshy incumbrance4      
,every one was at his ease1 and a most  
uproarious chorus had just been sung by 
the whole strength of the company1 when 
we heard the ominous sound of a quiet   
double rap at the outer door4  ,who's   
there8 said one of the most             

self-possessed of the company4  ,i wish 
to speak to ,mr ,challoner1 was the     
quiet reply4  ,the owner of the rooms   
was luckily in no more outre costume    
than that of ,sir ,charles ,marlow2 and 
having thrown off his wig1 and buttoned 
his coat over a deep-flapped waistcoat1 
looked tolerably like himself as he     
proceeded to answer the summons4 ,i     
confess ,i rather hoped than otherwise1 
that the gentleman1 whoever he was1     
would walk in1 when1 if he intended to  
astonish us1 he was very likely to find 
the tables turned4 ,however1 even       
college dons recognize the principle1   
that every man's house is his castle1   
and never violate the sanctity of even  
an under-graduate's rooms4 ,the object  
of this present visit1 however1 was     
rather friendly than otherwise2 one of  
the fellows1 deservedly popular1 had    
been with the dean1 and had left him in 
a state of some excitement from the     
increasing merriment which came somewhat
 too audibly across the quadrangle from 

our party4 ,he had called1 therefore1 to
 advise ,challoner1 either to keep his  
friends quiet1 or to get rid of them1 if
 he wished to keep out of the dean's    
jurisdiction4 ,as it was towards three  
in the morning1 we thought it prudent to
 take this advice as it was meant1 and  
in a few minutes began to wend our      
respective ways homewards4 ,leicester   
and myself1 whose rooms lay in the same 
direction1 were steering along1 very    
soberly1 under a bright moonlight1 when 
something put it into the heads of some 
other stragglers of the party to break  
out1 at the top of their voices1 into a 
stanza of that immortal ditty--,we won't
 go home till morning4 ,instantly we    
could hear a window1 which we well knew 
to be the dean's1 open above us1 and as 
the unmelodious chorus went on1 his     
wrath found vent in the usual           
strain--,who is making that disturbance8
  ,no one volunteering an explanation1  
he went on4  ,who are those in the      
quadrangle8 ,leicester and ,i walked    

somewhat faster4 ,i am not sure that our
 dignity did not condescend to run1 as  
we heard steps coming down from ,no4 #e1
 at a pace that evidently portended a   
chase1 and remembered for the first time
 the remarkable costume1 which1 to      
common observers1 would indicate that   
there was a visitor of an unusual       
character enjoying the moonlight in the 
quadrangle4 ,when we reached the        
thoroughfare1 the passage from the inner
 to the outer quadrangle1 we fairly     
bolted2 and as the steps came pretty    
fast after us1 and ,leicester's rooms   
were the nearest1 we both made good our 
retreat thither1 and sported oak4  ,the 
porter's lodge was in the next number2  
and hearing a knocking in that quarter1 
,leicester gently opened the window1 and
 we could catch the following           
dialogue3--  ,solomon6 open this door   
directly--it is ,i--the dean4  ,good1   
dear sir6 said ,solomon1 apparently     
asleep1 and fumbling for the keys of the
 college gates--let you out8 ,oh yes6   

sir1 directly4  ,listen to me1 ,solomon3
 ,i am not going out4 ,did you let any  
one out just now--just before ,i called 
you8  ,no1 sir1 nobody whatsomdever4    
,solomon6 ,i ask you1 did you not1 just 
now1 let a woman out8  ,lawk6 no1 sir1  
,lord forbid6 said ,solomon1 now        
thoroughly wakened4  ,now1 ,solomon1    
bring your light1 and come with me1 this
 must be enquired into4 ,i saw a woman  
run this way1 and1 if she is not gone   
through the gate1 she is gone into this 
next number4 ,whose rooms are in ,no4   
#ac8  ,there's ,mr ,dyson's1 sir1 on the
 ground floor4  ,mr ,dyson was the very 
fellow who had called at ,challoner's   
rooms4  ,hah6 well1 ,i'll call ,mr      
,dyson up4 ,whose besides8  ,there's ,mr
 ,leicester1 sir1 above his'n4  ,very   
well1 ,solomon2 call up ,mr ,dyson1 and 
say ,i wish to speak with him           
particularly4  ,and so saying1 the dean 
proceeded up stairs4  ,the moment       
,leicester heard his name mentioned1 he 
began to anticipate a domiciliary visit4

 ,the thing was so ridiculous that we   
hardly knew what to do4  ,shall ,i get  
into bed1 ,hawthorne8 ,i don't want to  
be caught in this figure8  ,why1 ,i     
don't know that you will be safe there1 
in the present state of the dean's      
suspicions4 ,no2 tuck up those          
confounded petticoats1 clap on your     
pea-jacket1 twist those love-locks up   
under your cap1 light this cigar1 and   
sit in your easy-chair4 ,the dean must  
be 'cuter than usual1 if he finds you   
out as the lady he is in search of4     
,leicester had hardly time to take this 
advice1 the best ,i could hit upon at   
the moment1 when the dean knocked at the
 door4  ,who are you8 ,come in1 said we 
both in a breath4  ,i beg your pardon1  
,mr ,leicester1 said the dean in his    
most official tone2 nothing but actually
 imperative duty occasions my intrusion 
at this unseasonable hour1 but a most   
extraordinary circumstance must be my   
excuse4 ,i say1 gentlemen--,i saw with  
my own eyes1 he continued1 looking      

blacker as he caught sight of me1 and   
remembering1 no doubt1 the little       
episode of the stays--,i saw a female   
figure pass in this direction but a few 
minutes ago4 ,no such person has passed 
the gate1 for ,i have made enquiry2     
certainly ,i have no reason to suppose  
any such person is concealed here1 but  
,i am bound to ask you1 sir1 on your    
honour as a gentleman--for ,i have no   
wish to make a search--is there any such
 person concealed in your apartments8   
,on my honour1 sir1 no one is1 or has   
been lately here1 but myself and ,mr    
,hawthorne4  ,here ,dyson came into the 
room1 looking considerably mystified4   
,what's the matter1 ,mr ,dean8 said he1 
nodding good-humouredly to us4  ,a most 
unpleasant occurrence1 my dear sir2 ,i  
have seen a woman in this direction not 
five minutes back4 ,unfortunately1 ,i   
cannot be mistaken4 ,she either passed  
into the porter's lodge or into this    
staircase4  ,she is not in my rooms1 ,i 
assure you1 said he1 laughing2 ,i should

 think you made a mistake3 it must have 
been some man in a white mackintosh4  ,i
 smiled1 and ,leicester laughed         
outright4  ,i am not mistaken1 sir1 said
 the dean warmly4 ,i shall take your    
word1 ,mr ,leicester2 but allow me to   
tell you1 that your conduct in lolling  
in that chair as if in perfect contempt1
 and neither rising1 nor removing your  
cap1 when ,mr ,dyson and myself are in  
your rooms1 is neither consistent with  
the respect due from an under-graduate1 
or the behaviour ,i should expect from a
 gentleman4  ,poor ,leicester coloured1 
and unwittingly removed his cap4 ,the   
chestnut curls1 some natural and some   
artificial1 which had been so studiously
 arranged for ,miss ,hardcastle's       
head-dress1 fell in dishevelled         
luxuriance round his face1 and as he    
half rose from his previous position in 
the chair1 a pink silk dress began to   
descend from under the pea-jacket4      
,concealment was at an end2 the dean    
looked bewildered at first1 and then    

savage2 but a hearty laugh from ,dyson  
settled the business4  ,what1           
,leicester6 you're the lady the dean has
 been hunting about college6 ,upon my   
word1 this is the most absurd piece of  
masquerading6--what on earth is it all  
about8  ,i pitied ,leicester1 he looked 
such an extraordinary figure in his     
ambiguous dress1 and seemed so          
thoroughly ashamed of himself2 so       
displaying the tops and cords in which  
,i had enacted ,hastings1 ,i            
acknowledged my share in the business1  
and gave a brief history of the drama   
during my management4 ,the dean         
endeavoured to look grave3 ,dyson gave  
way to undisguised amusement1 and       
repeatedly exclaimed1 ,oh6 why did you  
not send me a ticket8 ,when do you      
perform again8  ,alas6 never4 ,brief1 as
 bright1 was our theatrical career4 ,but
 the memory of it lives in the college  
still3 of the comedy1 and the supper1   
and the curious mistake which followed  
it3 and the dean has not to this hour   

lost the credit which he then gained1 of
 having a remarkably keen eye for a     
petticoat4     ,,lines ,,written ,,in   
,,the ,,isle ,,of ,,bute4  ,,by ,,delta4
    ,i4   ,ere yet dim twilight         
brighten'd into day1  ,or waned the     
silver morning-star away1  ,shedding its
 last1 lone1 melancholy smile1  ,above  
the mountain-tops of far ,argyle2  ,ere 
yet the solan's wing had brush'd the    
sea1  ,or issued from its cell the      
mountain bee2  ,as dawn beyond the      
orient ,cumbraes shone1  ,thy northern  
slope1 ,byrone1  ,from ,ascog's rocks1  
o'erflung with woodland bowers1  ,with  
scarlet fuschias1 and faint myrtle      
flowers1  ,my steps essay'd2 brushing   
the diamond dew  ,from the soft moss1   
lithe grass1 and harebell blue4  ,up    
from the heath aslant the linnet flew   
,startled1 and rose the lark on         
twinkling wing1  ,and soar'd away1 to   
sing  ,a farewell to the severing shades
 of night1  ,a welcome to the morning's 
aureate light4  ,thy summit gain'd1 how 

tranquilly serene1  ,beneath1 outspread 
that panoramic scene  ,of continent and 
isle1 and lake and sea1  ,and tower and 
town1 hill1 vale1 and spreading tree1   
,and rock and ruin tinged with amethyst1
  ,half-seen1 half-hidden by the lazy   
mist1  ,volume on volume1 which had     
vaguely wound  ,the far off hills       
around1  ,and now roll'd downwards2 till
 on high were seen1  ,begirt with sombre
 larch1 their foreheads green4    ,,ii4 
,there1 save when all1 except the lark1 
was mute1  ,oh1 beauty-breathing ,bute  
,on thee entranced ,i gazed2 each moment
 brought  ,a new creation to the eye of 
thought3  ,the orient clouds all ,iris' 
hues assumed1  ,from the pale lily to   
the rose that bloom'd1  ,and hung above 
the pathway of the sun1  ,as if to      
harbinger his course begun2  ,when1 lo6 
his disk burst forth--his beams of gold 
,seem'd earth as with a garment to      
enfold1  ,and from his piercing eye the 
loose mists flew1  ,and heaven with arch
 of deep autumnal blue  ,glow'd         

overhead2 while ocean1 like a lake1     
,seeming delight to take  ,in its own   
halcyon-calm1 resplendent lay1  ,from   
,western ,kames to far ,kilchattan bay4 
,old ,largs look'd out amid the orient  
light1  ,with its grey dwellings1 and1  
in greenery bright1  ,lay ,coila's      
classic shores reveal'd to sight2  ,and 
like a ,vallombrosa1 veil'd in blue1    
,arose ,mount ,stuart's woodlands on the
 view2  ,kerry and ,cowall their bold   
hill-tops show'd1  ,and ,arran1 and     
,kintire2 like rubies glow'd  ,the      
jagged clefts of ,goatfell2 and below1  
,as on a chart1 delightful ,rothesay    
lay1  ,whence sprang of human life the  
awakening sound1  ,with all its happy   
dwellings1 stretching round  ,the       
semicircle of its sunbright bay4        
,,iii4   ,byrone1 a type of peace thou  
seemest now1  ,yielding thy ridges to   
the rustic plough1  ,with corn-fields at
 thy feet1 and many a grove  ,whose     
songs are but of love2  ,but different  
was the aspect of that hour1  ,which    

brought1 of eld1 the ,norsemen o'er the 
deep1  ,to wrest yon castle's walls from
 ,scotland's power1  ,and leave her     
brave to bleed1 her fair to weep2  ,when
 ,husbac fierce1 and ,olave1 ,mona's    
king1#e  ,confederate chiefs1 with shout
 and triumphing1  ,bade o'er its towers 
the ,scaldic raven fly1  ,and mock each 
storm-tost sea-king toiling by6--  ,far 
different were the days1  ,when flew the
 fiery cross1 with summoning blaze1     
,o'er ,blane's hill1 and o'er ,catan1   
and o'er ,kames1  ,and round thy peak   
the phalanx'd ,butesmen stood1#f  ,as   
,bruce's followers shed the ,baliol's   
blood1  ,yea6 gave each ,saxon homestead
 to the flames6   ,,iv4   ,proud        
palace-home of kings6 what art thou now8
  ,worn are the traceries of thy lofty  
brow6  ,yet once in beauteous strength  
like thee were none1  ,when ,rothesay's 
,duke was heir to ,scotland's throne2#g 
,ere ,falkland rose1 or ,holyrood1 in   
thee  ,the barons to their sovereign    
bow'd the knee3  ,now1 as to mock thy   

pride  ,the very waters of thy moat are 
dried2  ,through fractured arch and     
doorway freely pass  ,the sunbeams1 into
 halls o'ergrown with grass2  ,thy      
floors1 unroof'd1 are open to the sky1  
,and the snows lodge there when the     
storm sweeps by2  ,o'er thy grim        
battlements1 where bent the bow  ,thine 
archers keen1 now hops the chattering   
crow2  ,and where the beauteous and the 
brave were guests1  ,now breed the      
bats--the swallows build their nests6   
,lost even the legend of the bloody     
stair1  ,whose steps wend downward to   
the house of prayer2  ,gone is the      
priest1 and they who worshipp'd seem    
,phantoms to us--a dream within a dream2
  ,earth hath o'ermantled each memorial 
stone1  ,and from their tombs the very  
dust is gone2  ,all perish'd1 all       
forgotten1 like the ray  ,which gilt yon
 orient hill-tops yesterday2  ,all      
nameless1 save mayhap one stalwart      
knight1  ,who fell with ,graeme in      
,falkirk's bloody fight--  ,bonkill's   

stout ,stewart1#h whose heroic tale     
,oft circles yet the peasant's evening  
fire1  ,and how he scorn'd to fly1 and  
how he bled--  ,he1 whose effigies in   
,st ,mary's choir1  ,with planted heel  
upon the lion's head1  ,now rests in    
marble mail4  ,yet still remains the    
small dark narrow room1  ,where the     
third ,robert1 yielding to the gloom    
,of his despair1 heart-broken1 laid him 
down1  ,refusing food1 to die2 and to   
the wall  ,turn'd his determined face1  
unheeding all1  ,and to his captive     
boy-prince left his crown4#i  ,alas6 thy
 solitary hawthorn-tree1                
,four-centuried1 and o'erthrown1 is but 
of thee  ,a type1 majestic ruin3 there  
it lies1  ,and annually puts on its     
,may-flower bloom1  ,to fill thy lonely 
courts with bland perfume1  ,yet lifts  
no more its green head to the skies2#aj 
,the last lone living thing around that 
knew  ,thy glory1 when the dizziness and
 din  ,of thronging life o'erflow'd thy 
halls within1  ,and o'er thy top ,st    

,andrew's banner flew4    ,v4           
,farewell6 ,elysian island of the west1 
,still be thy gardens brighten'd by the 
rose  ,of a perennial spring1 and       
winter's snows  ,ne'er chill the warmth 
of thy maternal breast6  ,may calms for 
ever sleep around thy coast1  ,and      
desolating storms roll far away1  ,while
 art with nature vies to form thy bay1  
,fairer than that which ,naples makes   
her boast6  ,green link between the     
,high-lands and the ,low--  ,thou gem1  
half claim'd by earth1 and half by sea--
  ,may blessings1 like a flood1 thy     
homes o'erflow1  ,and health--though    
elsewhere lost--be found in thee6  ,may 
thy bland zephyrs to the pallid cheek   
,of sickness ever roseate hues restore1 
,and they who shun the rabble and the   
roar  ,of the wild world1 on thy        
delightful shore  ,obtain that soft     
seclusion which they seek6  ,be this a  
stranger's farewell1 green ,byrone1     
,who ne'er hath trod thy heathery       
heights before1  ,and ne'er may see thee

 more  ,after yon autumn sun hath       
westering gone2  ,though oft1 in pensive
 mood1 when far away1  ',mid city       
multitudes1 his thoughts will stray  ,to
 ,ascog's lake1 blue-sleeping in the    
morn1  ,and to the happy homesteads that
 adorn  ,thy ,rothesay's lovely bay4    
,,ascog ,,lodge1 ,,east ,,bay1          
,,rothesay1 ,september #ahdc4           
,,footnotes3  #e ,rothesay ,castle is   
first mentioned in history in connexion 
with its siege by ,husbac the           
,norwegian1 and ,olave king of ,man1 in 
#abbh4 ,among other means of defence1 it
 is said that the ,scots poured down    
boiling pitch and lead on the heads of  
their enemies2 but it was1 however1 at  
length taken1 after the ,norwegians had 
lost three hundred men4 ,in #abfc1 it   
was retaken by the ,scots after the     
decisive battle of ,largs4  #f ,this bid
 was the scene of a conflict between the
 men of ,bute and the troops of ,lisle1 
the ,english governor1 in which that    
general was slain1 and his severed head1

 presented to the ,lord ,high ,steward1 
was suspended from the battlements of   
the castle4  #g ,in #acih1 ,robert the  
,third constituted his eldest son ,duke 
of ,rothesay1 a title still held by     
every male heir-apparent to the ,british
 crown4 ,it was the first introduction  
of the ducal dignity--originally a      
,norman one--into ,scotland4  #h ,the   
walls forming the choir of the very     
ancient church dedicated to the ,holy   
,virgin are still nearly entire1 and    
stand close to the present parish church
 of ,rothesay4 ,within a traceried      
niche1 on one side1 is the recumbent    
figure of a knight in complete armour1  
apparently of the kind in use about the 
time of ,robert the ,second or ,third4  
,his feet are upon a lion couchant1 and 
his head upon a faithful watch-dog1 with
 a collar1 in beautiful preservation1   
encircling its neck4 ,the coat-of-arms  
denotes the person represented to have  
been of royal lineage4 ,popular         
tradition individualizes him as the     

,stout ,stewart of ,bonkill of ,blind   
,harry the minstrel1 who fell with ,sir 
,john the ,grahame at the battle of     
,falkirk--although that hero was buried 
near the field of action1 as his        
tombstone there in the old churchyard   
still records4  ,sir ,john ,stewart of  
,bonkill was uncle and tutor to the then
 ,lord ,high ,steward1 at that time a   
minor4  ,a female figure and child      
recumbent1 also elaborately sculptured  
in black marble1 adorn the opposite     
niche1 and under them1 in alto-relievo1 
are several figures in religious habits4
 ,another effigies of a knight1 but much
 defaced1 lies on the ground-floor of   
the choir--the whole of which was       
cleaned out and put in order by the     
present ,marquis of ,bute in #ahbg4  #i 
,on the #dth of ,april #adjf1 this      
unfortunate prince1 overwhelmed with    
grief for the death of his eldest son1  
,david1 ,duke of ,rothesay and ,earl of 
,carrick1 who miserably perished of     
hunger in ,falkland ,castle2 and the    

capture1 during a time of truce1 of his 
younger son1 ,prince ,james1 by the     
,english--died in the ,castle of        
,rothesay of a broken heart4 ,the       
closet1 fourteen feet by eight1 in which
 he breathed his last1 is still pointed 
out1 in the south-east corner of the    
castle4  #aj ,in the court of the castle
 is a remarkable thorn-tree1 which for  
centuries had waved above the chapel now
 in ruins2 and which1 at the distance of
 a yard from the ground1 measures six   
feet three inches in circumference4 ,in 
#ahci1 it fell from its own weight1 and 
now lies prostrate1 with half its roots 
uncovered1 but still vigorous in growth4
     ,,travels ,,of ,,kerim ,,khan4     
,,conclusion4   ,while tracing the      
progress of our friend the ,khan through
 the various scenes of amusement and    
festivity at which he assisted rather as
 a spectator than an actor1 we had      
omitted to notice in its proper place an
 incident of some interest--his presence
 at the opening of the ,parliamentary   

session of #ahda1 on the #bfth of       
,january1 by the ,queen in person4 ,by  
the kindness of one of his friends1 who 
was a member of the royal household1 he 
had succeeded in obtaining a ticket of  
admission to the ,house of ,lords1 and  
was placed in a position which afforded 
him an excellent view of the brilliant  
multitude assembled to receive their    
sovereign4 ,when ,i had sufficiently    
recovered from the first impression of  
all the magnificence around me1 ,i could
 compare it only to the ,garden of      
,trem#aa--nay1 it appeared even more    
wonderful than that marvellous place4   
,at twelve o'clock1 twenty-one peals of 
artillery announced the approach of the 
,queen1 who shortly after entered with  
,prince ,albert1 followed by her        
train-bearers1 c4 ,all rose as she      
advanced2 and when the ,lords were again
 seated1 the cadhi-ab-codhat 7,lord     
,chancellor7 put a piece of paper in her
 hands1 and placed himself on the right 
of the throne1 while the grand-vizir    

stood on the left4 ,shortly after1 the  
gentlemen of the ,house of ,commons     
entered1 when the ,queen read with a    
loud voice from the paper to the        
following effect4 ,we need not1 however1
 follow the ,khan through the details of
 the royal speech1 or the debate on the 
address which succeeded1 though1 in the 
latter1 he appears to have been         
thunderstruck by the freedom of language
 indulged in by a certain eccentric     
ex-chancellor1 remarking1 that under the
 emperors of ,delhi such latitude of    
speech1 in reference to the sovereign1  
would inevitably have cost the offender 
his head1 or at least have ensured his  
spending the remainder of his life in   
disgrace and exile at ,mekka4 ,on the   
dignified bearing and self-possession of
 our youthful sovereign1 the ,khan      
enlarges in the strain of eulogy which  
might be expected from one to whom the  
sight of the ensigns of sovereignty     
borne by a female hand was in itself an 
almost inconceivable novelty1 declaring1

 that the justice and virtues of her    
,majesty have obliterated the name of   
,nushirvan from the face of the earth6  
,but the remarks of the simple-minded   
,parsees on the same subject will be    
found1 from their honest sincerity1 we  
suspect1 more germane to the matter--,we
 saw in an instant that she was fitted  
by nature for1 and intended to be1 a    
queen2 we saw a native nobility about   
her1 which induced us to believe that   
she could1 though meek and amiable1 be  
firm and decisive2 444 that no man or   
set of men would be permitted by her to 
dictate a line of conduct2 and that1    
knowing and feeling that she lived in   
the hearts and affections of her people1
 she would endeavour to temper justice  
with mercy2 and we thought that if no   
unforeseen event 7which ,god forbid7    
arose to dim the lustre of her reign1   
that the period of her sway in ,britain 
would be quoted as the golden age4      
,after this introduction1 the ,khan     
appears to have become an occasional    

attendant in the gallery of the ,house  
of ,commons1 and was present at a debate
 on the admission of foreign corn1 in   
which ,lord ,stanley1 ,sir ,robert      
,peel1 and ,lord ,john ,russell took    
part--,these three being the most       
eloquent of the speakers1 and the chiefs
 of their respective parties1 though    
several other members spoke at great    
length either for or against the motion1
 according as each was attached to one  
or other of the great factions which    
divide the ,house of ,commons1 and hold 
the destinies of the people in their    
hands4 ,of the speeches of these three  
leaders1 and the arguments adduced by   
them1 he accordingly attempts to give an
 abstract2 though as his information    
must have been derived1 we imagine1     
principally through the medium of an    
interpreter1 this first essay at        
,parliamentary reporting is not         
particularly successful2 and if we are  
to conclude1 from his constant use of   
the phrase zemindars to denote the      

landed interest1 that he considered the 
estates of the ,english proprietors to  
be held by zemindarry tenures similar to
 those in ,bengal1 his notions on the   
subject of the debate must have been    
considerably perplexed4 ,at length1     
however1 as the debate had already been 
protracted to a late hour1 and there was
 no probability of a speedy termination 
to this war of words1 ,i left the ,house
 with no unfavourable impression of what
 ,i had heard4 ,this eternal wrangling  
between the two factions is inherent1 it
 appears1 in the nature of the          
constitution4 ,with us1 two wise men    
never dispute2 yet every individual     
member of the legislature is supposed to
 possess a certain share of wisdom--so  
that here are a thousand wise men       
constantly disputing4 ,one would think  
no good could result from such endless  
differences of opinion2 but the fact is 
the reverse--for from these debates     
result those measures which mark the    
character of the ,english for energy and

 love of liberty4  ,but though thus     
constantly alluding to the two great    
political parties which divide the      
state1 the ,khan nowhere attempts to    
give his readers a definition of the    
essential differences which separate    
them2 and1 for a statement of the       
respective tenets of ,whigs and ,tories1
 as represented to an oriental1 we must 
once more have recourse to the journal  
of ,najaf ,kooli1 who has apparently    
taken great pains to make himself       
acquainted with this abstruse subject4  
,the ,tories1 says the ,persian prince1 
argue as follows3--',three hundred years
 ago we were wild people1 and our       
kingdom ranked lower than any other4    
,but1 through our wisdom and learning1  
we have brought it to its present height
 of honour1 and1 as the empire was      
enlarged under our management1 why      
should we now reform and give up our    
policy which has done all this good8'   
,to which the ,whigs reply--',it is more
 prudent to go according to the changes 

of time and circumstances4 ,moreover1 by
 the old policy1 only a few were        
benefited2 and1 as government is for the
 general good1 we must observe that     
which is best for the whole nation1 so  
that all should be profited4' ,the      
,shahzadeh's description of the ceremony
 of opening ,parliament1 and his summary
 of the usual topics touched upon in the
 royal speech1 are marked by the same   
amusing naivete--,when all are met1 the 
king1 arrayed in all his majestic       
splendour and state1 with the crown on  
his head1 stands up with his face to the
 assembly1 and makes a speech with      
perfect eloquence as follows3--',thank  
,god that my kingdom is in perfect      
happiness1 and all the affairs1 both at 
home and abroad1 are in good order4 ,all
 the foreign badishahs 7kings and       
emperors7 have sent to me ambassadors1  
assuring me of their friendship4 ,the   
commerce of this empire is enjoying the 
highest prosperity2 and all these       
benefits are through your wise          

ordination of affairs last session4     
,this year also ,i have to request you  
again to meet in your houses1 and to    
take all affairs into the consideration 
of your high skill and learning1 and    
settle them as you find best4 ,should   
there be any misunderstanding in any    
part which may require either war or    
peace to be declared1 you will thereupon
 also take the proper measures for      
settling it according to the welfare and
 interests of the kingdom4' ,then they  
receive their instructions1 the king    
leaves them1 and they meet every day1   
,sunday excepted1 from one o'clock in   
the afternoon till four hours after     
sunset4 ,they take all things into      
consideration1 and decide all questions2
 and when there is a difference of      
opinion there will arise loud voices and
 vehement disputes4  ,but we must now   
return to the movements of the ,khan1   
after the ,lord ,mayor's dinner1        
described in our last ,number1 in the   
world of amusement which surrounded him 

in ,london4 ,his next visit1 when he    
recovered from the fit of meditation    
into which he was thrown by the sight of
 the marvellous banquet aforesaid1 was  
to the ,colosseum2 but his account of   
the wonders of this celebrated place of 
resort1 perhaps from his faculties still
 being in some measure abstracted1 is   
less full than might have been expected4
 ,the ascending-room 7which the ,persian
 prince describes as rising like an     
eagle with large wings into the         
atmosphere1 till1 after an hour's time1 
it stopped in the sky1 and opened its   
beak1 so that we came out7 he merely    
alludes to as the talismanic process by 
which ,i was carried to the upper       
regions2 and though the panoramic view  
of ,london is pronounced to be1 of all  
the wonders of the metropolis the most  
wonderful1 it is dismissed with the     
remark that it is useless to attempt to 
describe it in detail4 ,after this1     
continues the ,khan1 ,i passed under    
ground among some artificial caves1     

which ,i at first took for the dens of  
wild beasts2 and that people should pay 
for seeing such places as these1 does   
seem a strange taste4 ,by going a short 
distance out of ,delhi1 a man may enter 
as many such places as he pleases1      
bearing in mind1 at the same time1 that 
he runs the greatest chance in the world
 of encountering a grinning hyaena1 or  
some such beast2 and it was with some   
such feeling that ,i entered these      
grottoes1 not being exactly acquainted  
with their nature4  ,the ,khan had now  
nearly exhausted the circle of places of
 public entertainment2 but one yet      
remained to be visited1 and that1       
perhaps1 the most congenial of all to   
oriental tastes in the style of its     
decorations1 brilliant lights1 and      
multifarious displays--,vauxhall4 ,a    
large garden6 a paradise6--such is the  
rapturous description of the ,persian   
princes--filled with roses of various   
hues1 with cool waters running in every 
direction on the beautiful green1 and   

pictures painted on every wall4 ,there  
were burning about two millions of      
lamps1 each of a different colour2 and  
we saw here such fire-works1 as made us 
forget all others we had already seen4  
,here and there were young moon-faces   
selling refreshments2 and in every walk 
there were thousands of ,frank moons    
7ladies7 led by the hand1 while the     
roses grew pale with admiring their     
beautiful cheeks4 ,the ,khan1 though    
less ardent and enthusiastic than the   
grandsons of ,futteh ,ali ,shah1 does   
ample justice to the splendour of the   
illumination2 thousands of lights       
distributed over the gardens1 suspended 
on the trees1 and arranged in numberless
 fanciful devices1 so as to form        
flowers1 names1 c42 and when it became  
dark1 one blaze of bright light was     
presented1 extending over a vast space4 
,he was fortunate1 moreover1 in making  
his visit to the gardens on the evening 
of a balloon ascent1 and thus ,i        
witnessed the most wonderful sight ,i   

ever saw--a sight which a hundred       
millions of people in ,india consider to
 be a ,feringhi fiction1 an incredible  
fable2 for though a ,frenchman made an  
ascent at ,lucknow some years ago1      
nobody believes it who did not see it1  
and many even who were present1 believed
 that their senses had been beguiled by 
magic4444 ,a car in the shape of a      
howdah was swung by ropes beneath the   
balloon1 in which six individuals seated
 themselves1 besides the aeronaut2 and  
when it was filled with the gas and     
ready to start1 the latter tried to     
prevail on me to take a seat1 telling me
 he had performed nearly three hundred  
aerial voyages1 and that1 if any        
accident should happen1 he himself would
 be the first to suffer4 ,i certainly   
had a wish to satisfy my curiosity1 by  
ascending to the skies1 but was         
dissuaded by the friends who accompanied
 me1 who said it was safer to remain on 
terra firma1 and look on at the         
voyagers2 and accordingly ,i did so4    

,though it would appear that the ,khan  
had already paid more than one visit to 
the treasures of art and nature         
collected within the walls of the       
,british ,museum1 his description of    
that institution1 one like which ,i had 
never before heard of1 is reserved      
almost to the last in the catalogue of  
the wonders of ,london2 and his remarks 
on the numberless novel objects which   
presented themselves at every turn to   
his gaze1 form one of the most curious  
and interesting passages in his journal4
 ,the brilliant plumage of the birds in 
the gallery of natural history1 and     
particularly of the humming birds from  
the far isles of the ,western ,sea1 the 
splendour of which outshone even the    
gorgeous feathered tribes of his native 
,east1 excited his admiration to the    
highest degree--animals likewise from   
every country of the earth were placed  
around1 and might have been mistaken for
 living beings1 from the gloss of their 
skins and the brightness of their eyes4 

,the library1 containing1 as ,i was     
told1 #cjj1jjj volumes1 among which were
 #bj1jjj ,arabic1 ,persian1 and ,turkish
 manuscripts1 is briefly noticed2 and   
the sight of the mummies in the         
,egyptian collection sets the ,khan     
moralizing1 not in the most novel       
strain1 on these relics of bygone       
mortality4 ,the sculptures were less to 
his taste--the ,egyptian colossi are    
alluded to as the work in former days1  
,i suppose1 of some of the mummies up   
stairs2 and the ,grecian statues would  
appear1 to an unbiassed stranger1 a     
quantity of useless1 mutilated idols1   
representing both men and monsters2 but 
in the eyes of the ,english1 it is a    
most valuable collection1 said to have  
cost seven lakhs of rupees1             
7,l4#gj1jjj17 and venerated as          
containing some of the finest sculptures
 in the world4 ,i cannot understand how 
such importance can be attached in      
,europe to this art1 since the use of   
all images is as distinctly forbidden by

 the ,tevrat1 7,bible17 as it is by our 
own law 444 ,but the strangest sight was
 in one of the upper rooms1 which       
contains specimens of extinct monsters1 
recently discovered in the bowels of the
 earth in a fossil state1 and supposed  
to be thousands of years old4 ,many men 
of science pass their whole lives in    
inventing names for these creatures1 and
 studying the shape of a broken tooth   
supposed to have belonged to them2 the  
science to which this appertains1 being 
a branch of that relating to minerals1  
of which there is in the next room a    
vast collection ranged in well-polished 
cases1 with the names written on        
them4444 ,among these1 the most         
extraordinary were some stones said to  
have fallen from the sky1 one of which  
was near #cjj lbs4 in weight1 and with  
regard to the origin of which their     
philosophers differ4 ,the most generally
 received opinion is1 that they were    
thrown from volcanoes in the moon1 thus 
assuming1 first1 the existence of       

volcanoes there2 secondly1 their        
possessing sufficient force to throw    
such masses to a distance1 according to 
their own theory1 of between #bjj1jjj   
and #cjj1jjj miles2 and this through    
regions1 the nature of which is wholly  
unknown4 ,this hypothesis cannot be     
maintained according to the ,ptolemaic  
system2 indeed1 it is in direct         
contravention to it4  ,the perverse     
abandonment by the ,feringhis of the    
time-honoured system of ,ptolemy1 in    
favour of the new-fangled theories of   
,copernicus1 by which the earth is      
degraded from its recognised and        
respectable station in the centre of the
 universe1 to a subordinate grade in the
 solar system1 seems to have been a     
source of great scandal and perplexity  
to the ,khan2 since1 as he remarks1 the 
former doctrine is supported by their   
own ,bible1 not less than by our ,koran4
 ,these sentiments are repeated whenever
 the subject is referred to2 and        
particularly on the occasion of a visit 

to the ,observatory at ,greenwich1 where
 he was shown all the telescopes and    
astronomical apparatus1 though1 owing to
 the state of the weather1 ,i had not   
the opportunity of viewing the heavens  
to satisfy myself of the correctness of 
the statements made to me4 ,i was told1 
however1 that on looking through these  
instruments at the moon1 mountains1     
seas1 and other signs of a world1 are   
distinctly visible4 ,after satisfying   
his curiosity on these points1 the ,khan
 proceeded to inspect the hospital1     
where he saw the pensioners at dinner in
 the great hall2 most of these had lost 
their limbs1 and those who were not     
maimed were very old1 and nearly all of 
them had been severely wounded2 indeed1 
it was a very interesting spectacle1 and
 reflected great credit on the ,english 
nation1 which thus provides for the old 
age of those who have shed their blood  
in her defence4 ,to the charitable      
institutions of the country1 indeed1 we 
find the ,khan at all times fully       

disposed to do justice2 there is no     
better feature than this in the national
 character1 for there is scarcely a     
disease or deformity in nature for which
 there is not some edifice1 in which the
 afflicted are lodged1 fed1 and kindly  
treated4 ,would that we had such        
institutions in ,hindustan6 ,in         
pursuance of this feeling1 we now find  
him visiting the ,blind ,asylum and the 
,deaf and ,dumb ,school2 and the        
circumstantial details into which he    
enters of the comforts provided for the 
inmates of these establishments1 and the
 proficiency which many of them had     
attained in trades and accomplishments  
apparently inconsistent with their      
privations1 sufficiently evidences the  
interest with which he regarded these   
benevolent institutions4 ,another       
spectacle of the same character1 which  
he had an opportunity of witnessing     
about this period1 was the annual       
procession of the charity children to   
,st ,paul's3--,i obtained a seat near   

the officiating imam or high priest1 and
 saw near ten thousand children of both 
sexes1 belonging to the different       
eleemosynary establishments1 which are  
deservedly the pride of this country1   
all clothed in an uniform dress1 while  
every corner was filled with spectators4
 ,after the khotbah 7prayer7 was read1  
they began to sing1 not in the ordinary 
manner1 but1 as ,i was given to         
understand1 so as to involve a form of  
prayer and thanksgiving4 ,i was told    
that they belonged to many schools1#ab  
and are brought here once a year1 that  
those who contribute to their support   
may witness the progress they have made1
 as well as their health and appearance4
  ,the military college at ,addiscombe1 
for the education of the cadets of the  
,east ,india ,company's army1 would     
naturally be to the ,khan an object of  
peculiar interest2 and thither he       
accordingly repaired1 in company with   
several of his friends1 apparently      
members of the ,indian direction1 on the

 occasion of the examination of the     
students by ,colonel ,pasley4#ac ,after 
partaking of a sumptuous luncheon1 we   
went to the students' room1 where they  
were examined in various branches of the
 military science1 as mathematics1      
fortification1 drawing1 c41 besides     
various languages1 one of which was the 
,oordoo4#ad ,after the close of the     
examination1 and the distribution of    
prizes to the successful candidates1#ae 
the company repaired to the grounds1    
where the ,khan was astonished by the   
quickness and precision with which the  
cadets took to pieces and reconstructed 
the pontoons1 and went through other    
operations of military engineering2 and 
still more by a subaqueous explosion of 
powder by the means of the voltaic      
battery--a method by which ,colonel     
,pasley was engaged near ,portsmouth in 
raising a vessel which had sunk there4  
,it would be hardly fair to surmise the 
probable tendency of the ,khan's secret 
thoughts on thus witnessing the care    

bestowed on the training of those       
destined hereafter to maintain the      
,feringhi yoke on his native country2   
but he expressed himself highly         
gratified by all that he saw2 and we    
find him1 shortly after1 in attendance  
at a spectacle more calculated than any 
thing he had yet witnessed1 to impress  
him with an adequate idea of ,british   
power--the launch of a first-rate       
man-of-war at ,woolwich4#af ,the sight  
was extremely exhilarating1 from the    
fineness of the day1 and the immense    
crowds of people1 of all ages and both  
sexes1 generally well dressed1 who were 
congregated on the land and the water1  
expecting the arrival of the ,queen4    
,her majesty appeared at one o'clock1   
and proceeded to the front of the great 
ship1 where a place1 covered with red   
cloth1 was prepared for her2 ,i had a   
seat quite close1 and saw it all very   
well4444 ,the ceremony of christening a 
ship is taken from that of christening a
 child1 which1 as practised in the      

,nazarene churches1 consists in throwing
 water in its face1 and saying a prayer2
 but here a bottle of wine hung before  
her majesty1 and opposite to it a piece 
of iron1 against which she pushed the   
bottle and broke it1 and the wine was   
sprinkled over the ship1 which then     
received its name4444 ,in a short time  
the slips were drawn1 and she glided    
nobly into the stream of the ,thames    
amidst the shouts of the spectators1 and
 anchored at a short distance4 ,i went  
on board this immense floating castle1  
but observed that she was not ready for 
sea1 and ,i was told that she would     
require some time to be rigged1         
provisioned1 c4 ,our party then returned
 to ,greenwich2 and after my friends had
 dined1 with whom ,i partook of a       
delicate little fish now in season1     
7whitebait17 drove back to town4  ,the  
,khan had no leisure1 on this occasion1 
to inspect the wonders of the top-khana1
 or arsenal2 but he paid a second visit 
for the purpose a few days later1 duly  

armed with an order from the            
,master-,general of the ,ordnance1 which
 is indispensable for the admission of a
 foreigner4 ,his sensations1 on entering
 this vast repository of arms1 were not 
unlike those attributed to a personage  
whose fictitious adventures1 though the 
production of a ,feringhi pen1 present  
one of the most faithful pictures extant
 of the genuine feelings of an oriental 
on ,frank matters3--,when we came to the
 guns1 says the eximious ,hajji ,baba1  
by my beard1 existence fled from our    
heads6 ,we saw cannons of all sizes and 
denominations1 enough to have paved the 
way1 if placed side by side1 from       
,tehran to ,tabriz--if placed           
lengthways1 ,allah only knows where they
 would have reached--into the very grave
 of the father of all the ,russians1    
perhaps6 ,the cannon distributed over   
the whole place1 says the graver        
narrative of the ,khan1 are said to     
amount to #dj1jjj6 all ready for use in 
the army1 navy1 or fortresses2 and1 as  

if these were not sufficient for the    
destruction of the human race1 other    
pieces are constantly casting by a      
process the reverse of that in ,india1  
where the guns are cast in              
moulds--whereas here a solid cylinder is
 cast1 and afterwards bored1 shaped1 and
 finished by steam power4444 ,there are1
 moreover1 a considerable number taken  
from enemies in battle1 two of which1   
taken from ,tippoo ,sultan at           
,seringapatam1 have their muzzles in the
 form of a lion's mouth1 and are very   
well cast and elaborately ornamented2   
having their date1 with the weight of   
powder and ball they carry1 expressed in
 ,persian characters about the mouth4   
,there are also three from ,bhurtpore1  
and three others from ,aden1 the        
inscriptions on which denote that they  
were cast by order of the ,turkish      
emperor1 ,mahmood#ag ,ibn ,soliman4     
,after leaving the arsenal1 the ,khan   
proceeded to the dockyard1 of which he  
merely enumerates the various           

departments2 but the proving of the     
anchors and chain-cables by means of the
 hydraulic press1 impressed him1 as it  
must do every one who has witnessed that
 astonishing process1 with the idea of  
almost illimitable power4 ,on the ground
 lay a huge anchor which had been broken
 a few days before in the presence of   
,prince ,albert1 and when ,i was there  
four men were trying the strength of a  
chain by turning a wheel1 the force     
produced by which was more than         
sufficient to break it2 for just as ,i  
arrived it began to give way1 when they 
desisted4 ,the force here produced by   
means of this single wheel must have    
been equal to that of some #bjj1jjj     
elephants1 which might perhaps have     
pulled till doomsday without effecting  
it4 ,such is the wonderful effect of    
this agent 7steam17 the results of which
 ,i meet with in so many different      
places1 and under so many different     
circumstances6 ,after visiting the      
convict-hulk1 and seeing the            

anchor-founderies in operation1 the     
,khan crossed to ,blackwall1 and        
returned to town by the railway1 his    
first conveyance when he landed in      
,england4 ,his increased experience in  
steam-travelling had now1 however1      
enabled him to detect the difference    
between the mode of propulsion by       
engines on the other railroads1 and the 
immense cables made of iron wires by    
which the vehicles are drawn on this    
line2 the construction of which1 as well
 as the electro-telegraph1 7a process   
for which we have no phrase in ,oordoo17
 by which communication is effected     
between the two ends of the line1 he    
soon after paid another visit to        
inspect4 ,this railway is carried partly
 over houses and partly under ground2   
and as the price of the ground was      
unusually high1 ,i was told that it     
cost1 though only three miles and a half
 in length1 the enormous sum of a crore 
of rupees1 7,l4#a1jjj1jjj67  ,with this 
notice of the ,blackwall railway1 the   

personal narrative of the ,khan's       
residence in ,england is brought to an  
abrupt conclusion2 leaving us in the    
dark as to the time and circumstances of
 his return to his native land1 which we
 believe took place soon after this     
period4 ,the remainder of his work is in
 the nature of an appendix1 consisting  
chiefly of dissertations on the manners1
 institutions1 c41 of ,great ,britain1  
as compared with those of ,hindustan4   
,he likewise gives an elaborate         
retrospect of ,english history1 from the
 ,britons downwards2 excepting1 however1
 the four centuries from the death of   
,william the ,conqueror to the accession
 of ,henry ,,viii4--an interval which he
 perhaps considers to have been         
sufficiently filled up by his           
disquisitions on the struggles for power
 between the crown and the barons1 and  
the consequent origin and final         
constitution of parliament1 related in a
 previous part of his work4 ,his object 
in undertaking this compilation was1 as 

he informs us1 for the benefit of those 
in ,hindustan1 who are to this day      
entirely ignorant of ,english history1  
and indifferent as to acquiring any     
knowledge whatever of a people whose    
sway has been extended over so many     
millions of human beings1 and whose     
influence is felt in the remotest       
corners of the globe4 ,the manner in    
which the ,khan has performed his       
self-imposed task1 is highly creditable 
to his industry and discrimination1 and 
strongly contrasts1 in the accuracy of  
the facts and plain sense of the        
narration1 with the wild extravagances  
in which ,asiatic historiographers are  
apt to indulge2 the ,anglo-,saxon part  
of the history1 on which especial pains 
appears to have been bestowed1 is       
particularly complete and well          
written--unless 7as1 indeed1 we are     
almost inclined to suspect7 it be a     
translation in toto from some popular   
historical treatise4 ,the ,khan's       
acquired knowledge of ,english history1 

indeed1 is sometimes more accurate than 
his acquaintance with the annals of his 
own country2 as when1 in comparing      
,queen ,elizabeth with the famous ,queen
 of ,delhi1 ,raziah ,begum1 he speaks of
 the latter princess as daughter of     
,behlol ,khan1 the ,pathan ,emperor of  
,delhi2 whereas a reference to          
,ferishta1 or any other native          
historian1 will inform us that ,raziah  
died ,a4,d4 #abci1 more than #bjj years 
before the accession of ,behlol ,lodi4  
,no such errors as this1 either in fact 
or chronology1 disfigure the ,khan's    
sketch of ,english history2 but as it   
would scarcely present so much novelty  
to ,english readers as it may possibly  
do to the ,hindustani friends of the    
author for whom it is intended1 we shall
 give but a few brief notices of it4    
,his favourite hero1 in the account of  
the ,saxon period1 is of course ,alfred1
 and he devotes to the events of his    
reign more than half the space occupied 
by the history of the dynasty2#ah thus  

summing up his character3--,to describe 
all the excellent qualities1            
intellectual and moral1 attributed to   
this prince by ,english historians1     
would be to condense in a single        
individual the highest perfections of   
which the human species is capable4     
,qualities contradictory in their       
natures1 and which are possessed only by
 men of different characters1 and       
scarcely ever by one man1 seem to have  
been united in this monarch2 he was     
humane1 prudent1 and peaceful1 yet      
brave1 just1 and impartial2 affable1 and
 capable of giving and receiving        
counsel4 ,in short1 he was a man        
especially endowed by the ,deity with   
virtue and intelligence to benefit the  
human race6  ,the story of ,edwy and    
,elgiva1 and the barbarities which the  
beautiful queen suffered at the hands of
 ,dunstan1 are related with fitting     
abhorrence by the ,khan1 who seems to   
entertain1 on all occasions1 a special  
aversion to the ascendancy of the       

,romish priesthood4 ,the loves of ,edgar
 and ,elfrida1 and the punishment of the
 faithless courtier who deceived his    
sovereign by a false report of the      
attractions of the lady1 are also duly  
commemorated2 as well as the fall of the
 ,saxon kingdom before the conquering   
swords of the ,danes1 during the reign  
of ,ethelred the ,unready1 the son of   
the false and cruel ,elfrida4 ,but the  
intrusive monarch ,canute was looked    
upon1 in those times of ignorance1 as a 
very extraordinary man1 and supposed to 
be the greatest king of the world1 the  
sovereign of the seas and the land4 ,the
 well-known story of his pretending to  
command the waves1 as related by the    
,khan1 differs considerably from the    
usually received version1 and perhaps   
may be better adapted to the notions    
prevalent in the ,east1 where success by
 stratagem is always considered         
preferable to a manly avowal of         
incompetency4 ,one day he was seated on 
the sea-shore1 when the waves reached   

his chair4 ,canute commanded them to    
retire2 and as the tide happened to be  
actually ebbing at the time1 the waters 
retreated to the ocean4 ,then turning to
 his courtiers1 he exclaimed1 that the  
king whose mandates were obeyed by the  
billows of the sea1 as well as by the   
children of men1 was truly the monarch  
of the earth4 ,ever after this he was   
regarded by the ignorant multitude with 
a sort of religious awe1 and was called 
,canute the ,great1 as we should say    
,sahib-i-kiran1 7the ,lord of the       
,conjunction1 implying a man born under 
a peculiar conjunction of planetary     
influences which predestines him to     
distinguished fortunes47  ,but of all   
the ,english monarchs whose reigns are  
noticed by the ,khan1 the one who       
appears to stand highest1 as a pious and
 patriotic king1 in his estimation--a   
distinction which he not improbably owes
 to his zeal as an iconoclast1 the use  
of images in worship being abhorred by  
the ,moslems--is no other than ,henry   

,,viii4 ,no hint of the gospel light    
that beamed from ,boleyn's eyes1 or of  
the doom which overtook more than one of
 his consorts1 is allowed to interfere  
with the lustre of his achievements2    
such allusions1 indeed1 would probably  
be regarded by the ,khan as             
unwarrantable violations of the privacy 
of the zenana4 ,but in order to set in a
 stronger light the difficulties which  
he had to encounter1 we have a          
circumstantial account of the rise of   
the ,papal power1 and the exorbitant    
prerogatives assumed for some centuries 
previously1 by the ,pope4 ,this         
personage was the monarch of            
,christendom1 something analogous to our
 holy khalifs1 who were the heads of    
,islam and the ,mohammedan world2 and   
from him the princes of ,christendom    
received investiture1 as did our        
,mohammedan sovereigns from the khalifs 
of ,bagdad4 ,the ecclesiastics every    
where gave out that the pontiff was the 
vicegerent of ,god1 and that every one  

who died without his blessing and       
forgiveness would suffer endless        
torments hereafter4 ,moreover1 if the   
king of any country did aught           
contravening the ,pope's pleasure1 his  
people were excommunicated1 and         
anathemas published against them to the 
whole of ,europe4 ,thus were the nations
 led by the nose like a string of       
camels4 ,he then proceeds to state how  
,henry1 by holding forth to his nobles  
the prospect of participation in the    
rich possessions of the church1 induced 
them to join him in the enterprize of   
destroying the papal ascendency4 ,he    
then commanded the name of the ,pope to 
be expunged from the khotbah1 and his   
own to be substituted as head of the    
church2 while the idols and pictures    
were removed from the churches1 and not 
allowed to be again used in worship2 and
 the confiscated property was divided   
into three parts1 one of which he       
reserved for himself1 the second he gave
 to the nobles who had assisted him1 and

 distributed the third among the clergy 
of the new or reformed religion4  ,the  
,pope's wrath was kindled at these      
proceedings1 and he excommunicated the  
king1 who trampled the edict under his  
feet4 ,the ,pope then wrote to the      
princes of ,christendom1 exhorting them 
all to undertake a holy war against     
,henry1 who was not only a heretic1 but 
an infidel2 adding1 that if they did    
not1 fire would be rained on them from  
heaven as a punishment for their        
neglect4 ,some of the ,christian        
monarchs1 as the ,king of ,spain1       
declared war accordingly against ,henry1
 and sent ships to the coast of         
,england2 but all their attempts failed2
 and the ,king of ,denmark and other    
potentates1 perceiving that the ,pope's 
threats were not accomplished1 and that 
no fire fell from heaven1 followed      
,henry's example in expelling the       
,pope's clergy from their dominions1 and
 adopted measures of reform similar to  
his4 ,from this time the ,pope's power  

began to decline in all the countries of
 ,europe1 so that at the present day his
 name is read in the khotbah only in the
 city of ,rome and the small territory  
which is yet left him in its            
neighbourhood2 and the old practice of  
excommunication seems to have entirely  
ceased2 while the reformed religion     
introduced by ,henry1 and which is so   
different from the ancient faith1 has   
existed in ,england ever since1 a period
 of above three hundred years4  ,we need
 not pursue further our extracts from   
the ,khan's speculations on ,english    
history1 of which the passages already  
given afford a sufficient specimen2 but 
we may notice that he mentions ,james   
,i4 as the first ,english monarch who   
sent an ambassador 7,sir ,thomas ,roe7  
to the court of ,delhi1 and refers to   
the history of ,ferishta for an account 
of his reception by the ,emperor        
,jehanghir4 ,he next proceeds to        
describe the climate1 productions1 and  
statistics of the country1 its division 

into zillahs or counties1 the law of    
primogeniture as regards succession to  
landed property1 c42 and enters into    
minute details on the laws regulating   
the succession to the throne1 the       
responsibility of ministers1 the        
election of the members of the ,house of
 ,commons1 and the mutual dependence of 
the three branches of the legislature2  
but his remarks on these subjects1      
though creditable from their general    
accuracy1 possess little originality2   
and may be left without comment for the 
edification of his friends in           
,hindustan1 for whose benefit it is to  
be presumed they were intended4 ,the    
doctrine of the responsibility of       
ministers1 7which the ,khan in a former 
part of his narrative1 as we had        
occasion to remark1 seemed either to    
have been unacquainted with1 or to have 
lost sight of17 is here stated with a   
full appreciation of its practical      
bearings2 and is pronounced to be the   
best law which the ,english ever made   

for the government of the people1 by    
imposing a check on the absolute will of
 the sovereign2 resembling the similar  
restraint on the power of our monarchs  
which prevails in ,islam1 though with us
 the check is still more powerful and   
effectual1 as the judge is empowered by 
the ,koran to demand satisfaction from  
the sovereign himself6 ,the details of  
the ,british finances are briefly       
touched upon1 with a special            
denunciation of that most extraordinary 
tax laid on the light of the sun when it
 comes through a window3--but the ,khan 
contents himself with stating the amount
 of the national debt1 and the interest 
annually paid to the public creditors1  
without offering any scheme for its     
extinction1 like that of his countryman 
,mirza ,abu-,taleb1 who with perfect    
gravity and good faith proposes that the
 fundholders should be summoned before  
,parliament1 and informed by the        
minister1 that since the pressure of the
 taxes necessary to meet the interest   

must inevitably1 erelong1 produce a     
revolution1 in which the whole debt     
would be cancelled1 it would be far     
better for them at once to relinquish   
with a good grace great part of their   
claim1 and accept payment of the balance
 by instalments4 ,of the feasibility1 as
 well as equity of this plan1 the ,mirza
 does not appear to entertain the       
smallest doubt3--and thus1 he           
triumphantly concludes1 in twenty or    
thirty years1 the whole of the debt     
would be liquidated2 some of the most   
oppressive taxes might be immediately   
abolished1 and others gradually         
relinquished2 provisions would become   
cheaper1 and the people be rendered     
happy1 and grateful to the government4  
,when in ,hindustan1 says the ,khan1 ,i 
had heard1 like millions of others1 of  
something in connexion with the         
,feringhi rulers1 called ,company2 but  
no one knew whether this was a man1 or a
 medicine1 or a weapon1 or a horse1 or a
 ship1 or any thing else4 ,the most     

prevalent notion was1 that it was an old
 woman2 but as the oldest among us1 and 
their fathers before them1 had always   
heard it spoken of in exactly the same  
terms1 they were further puzzled to     
account for her preternatural longevity4
 ,a well-directed course of enquiry in  
,england1 speedily enabled the ,khan to 
unravel the mystery2 and he has         
enlightened his countrymen with full    
details on the composition of the       
venerable ,begum1 with the ,court of    
,directors1 the ,board of ,control1 c42 
but in the prosecution of these         
researches1 he was surprised by finding 
that ,company was so far from being one 
and indivisible1 that ,companies exist  
by thousands for multifarious           
objects--many even for speculation in   
human life4 ,the most recent is the     
,victoria1 composed of twelve directors1
 and other officers4 ,a man puts a value
 on his life1 and on this sum they put a
 per centage1 varying according to his  
age and state of health1 which he pays1 

and when he dies his heirs receive the  
money4 ,people of the middle classes    
generally resort to this method of      
providing1 by small annual              
contributions1 for the support of their 
families after their decease--and       
consequently the man's own relations    
often rejoice when he dies1 while       
strangers 7the ,insurance ,company7     
grieve4  ,on the important subject of   
the domestic usages and manners of the  
,english1 the ,khan enters less at      
length than might have been expected4   
,of country life1 indeed1 from which    
alone correct ideas on such subjects can
 be derived1 he saw absolutely nothing1 
his knowledge of the country being      
apparently limited to the prospect from 
the windows of a railway carriage2 and  
his acquaintance with ,london manners   
was drawn more from ballrooms and       
crowded soirees1 than from the private  
circles of family reunions4 ,with these 
limited opportunities of observation1   
his remarks on the mass of the people   

are necessarily confined1 in a great    
measure1 to their outdoor habits2 in    
which nothing appears to have surprised 
him more than the small number of       
horsemen 7as he considers7 to be seen in
 the streets of ,london2 the generality 
of these1 too1 are extremely bad riders1
 though this1 perhaps1 may be owing to  
the uncouth and awkward saddles they    
use3 a libel on our national character  
for horsemanship1 into which we must    
charitably hope that the ,cockney       
cavaliers who crowd the ,regent's ,park 
on ,sundays1 are responsible for having 
misled him4 ,the important point of the 
comparative deference paid to women1 and
 the amount of liberty and privileges   
enjoyed by them1 in the social systems  
of ,mohammedan and ,christian countries 
respectively1 is taken up by the ,khan  
in behalf of the former1 with as much   
warmth as in past years by his          
compatriot ,mirza ,abu-,taleb1#ai and in
 much the same line of argument--to the 
effect that the dowery which the eastern

 husband is bound by law to pay over in 
money to his wife in the event of a     
separation1 is a far more effectual     
protection to the wife from the         
fickleness and caprice of her partner1  
7whose interest it thus becomes1 setting
 affection wholly out of the question1  
to remain on good terms with her17 than 
any remedy afforded by the laws of      
,england2 where a wife1 though bound by 
ties less easily dissolved than under   
the ,mohammedan system of divorces1 may 
still be driven1 without misconduct on  
her part1 from her husband's house1 and 
left to seek redress by the slow process
 of litigation4 ,the ,khan assures us   
that several ladies with whom he        
conversed on these interesting topics1  
and who had passed many years of their  
lives in ,india1 were utterly           
unacquainted with these protective      
rights of ,hindustani wives2 and were   
obliged to confess1 that if they were   
correctly stated1 the ladies in ,india  
are far better off than ourselves4 ,for 

7said they7 the dowery we receive from  
our fathers on our marriage goes to our 
husbands1 who may squander it in one day
 if they like2 and even the dresses we  
wear are not our own property1 but are  
given us by our husbands4 ,but if we    
allow the ,khan all due credit for the  
adroitness and success with which he    
maintained on this occasion the cause of
 his fair countrywomen1 we can scarcely 
acquit him of something like            
disingenuousness in a discussion with   
another lady1 apparently one who had not
 been in ,india1 and who lamented the   
hard fate 7as she believed7 of the      
,indian widows1 who could not marry     
again after the death of their first    
husband1 and were at the mercy of the   
priests1 who filled their heads with    
terrors of a future state to prevent    
their doing so4 ,with regard to this    
last idea1 it is so utterly groundless1 
that there is no word in our language   
corresponding with 'priest2' and of all 
religions in the world1 ,islam is the   

least influenced by spiritual meddlers  
of any sort4 ,it is1 besides1 expressly 
enjoined in the ,koran1 that widows     
should marry2 they may do so as often as
 they like1 if they survive their       
husbands2 and if they do not1 it is     
their own choice4 ,now1 though this     
vehement denial of the ,khan's is       
perfectly true as regards ,moslem law   
and ,moslem widows1 he must have been   
well aware that the lady's error arose  
from her considering as common to all   
the natives of ,india1 ,hindustanis as  
well as ,hindus1 those customs and      
restrictions which are peculiar to the  
,hindus alone4 ,among the latter1 as is 
well known1 both the priestcraft of the 
,brahmins1 and the impediments to the   
marriage of a widow1#bj exist in full   
force at this day2 and it would have    
been more candid on the part of the     
,khan1 even at the expense of a little  
of his ,moslem pride1 to have set his   
fair opponent right on these points1    
than to have triumphed over her         

ignorance1 without showing her wherein  
lay her error4  ,but however deeply the 
,khan may have commiserated the         
unprotected condition of ,english wives1
 as compared with the security of rights
 enjoyed by the more fortunate dames of 
,hindustan1 we find him at all times    
disposed to do ample justice to the     
social qualifications and               
accomplishments of our countrywomen1 and
 the beneficial influence exercised by  
them in smoothing the asperities of     
society4 ,the masculine portion of the  
community1 indeed1 find little favour in
 the eyes of the ,khan1 who accuses them
 of being prone to indulge in inveterate
 enmity and ill-feeling on slight       
grounds1 while instances of real        
friendship1 on the contrary1 are        
extremely rare3 and he is wearied and   
disgusted by the endless disputes which 
occur at all times and all places1 from 
the collision of individuals of adverse 
political sentiments4 ,they dispute in  
parliament1 they dispute in their social

 circles1 they dispute in steam-boats1  
on railroads1 in eating and drinking2   
and ,i verily believe that1 but for some
 slight feeling of religion1 they would 
dispute even in their churches4 ,but in 
the same proportion as the men were     
hostile to each other1 did the women    
seem united3 the more there were of     
these fair creatures1 the pleasanter did
 they make the party by their smiles and
 good-humour3 with the men1 the more    
there were collected together1 the more 
wrangling always ensued4 ,in qualities  
of the mind and heart1 as well as in the
 social virtues1 the women far surpass  
the men--they are more susceptible of   
friendship1 more hospitable to          
strangers1 less reserved1 and1 ,i must  
say1 generally better informed4         
,wherever ,i have been conversing with  
gentlemen in society1 if a difficulty   
occurred on any topic1 the men would    
invariably turn to their wives or       
sisters1 and ask for an explanation1    
thus tacitly admitting the superior     

attainments of the ladies3 and ,i have  
always found that ,i obtained from the  
latter a more satisfactory answer to any
 of my enquiries on national customs and
 institutions4 ,nor must it be supposed 
that this superiority was only apparent1
 and arose from the desire the men might
 have to display the accomplishments of 
their ladies by referring so constantly 
to them3 it is the real state of the    
case1 as far as ,i can judge from the   
manners of the people4  ,we cannot      
better close our extracts from the      
,khan's remarks on ,english manners and 
society1 than with this spontaneous     
tribute to the merits and attractions of
 our countrywomen1 the value of which is
 enhanced by its coming1 as it does1    
from an acute observer of a social      
system in which every thing was wholly  
at variance with his preconceived habits
 and ideas1 and from one1 moreover1     
totally unacquainted with that routine  
of compliment1 which serves gentlemen in
 the regions of ,franguestan1 to use the

 words of ,die ,vernon1 like the toys   
and beads which navigators carry with   
them to propitiate the inhabitants of   
newly-discovered lands4 ,but the        
impression produced on the ,khan by the 
contemplation of the institutions and   
resources of ,england has yet to be     
viewed in another light--in its         
relations to the government of ,india   
under ,feringhi rule1 and the           
comparative benefits conferred on the   
people at large1 by the sway            
respectively of the ,english1 and of    
their old ,mohammedan rulers4 ,the      
,khan's opinions on these subjects will 
doubtless be read with surprise by that 
numerous and respectable class of the   
community1 who hold as an article of    
faith1 7to use the words of our author17
 that in ,mohammedan countries every    
prince is a tyrant2 every court of      
justice full of corruption2 and all the 
people sunk in depravity1 ignorance1 and
 misery3 and who cling to the           
comfortable delusion that we have       

succeeded1 by the equity of our civil   
government1 in attaching to our rule the
 population of ,india4 ,as a view of    
this important subject from the other   
side of the question1 taken by one1     
however1 by no means indisposed to do   
justice to what he considers as the     
meritorious features of the ,english    
administration1 the ,khan's comparative 
summary1 though not wholly devoid of    
prejudice1 possesses considerable       
interest3 and it must be admitted1 that 
with respect to the internal improvement
 of the country1 his strictures have    
hitherto had but too much foundation1   
though the schemes of the present       
governor-general1 if carried into       
effect1 will go far to remove the stigma
 from the ,anglo-,indian rulers4 ,after 
contrasting1 in a conversation with an  
,english friend1 the expedition of legal
 proceedings under the ,moslem rule1    
with the slow process of the ,english   
courts in ,india1 to be finally remedied
 only by the endless and generally      

ineffectual course of appeal to the     
privy-council at home1 7in which1       
according to the ,khan's statement1 not 
a single individual of the number who   
have undertaken the long voyage from    
,india has ever succeeded17 he          
proceeds--  ,historical facts seem to be
 wholly lost sight of by those who talk 
of the conduct of ,mohammedan rulers in 
,india1 who1 as ,i could prove by many  
instances1 were constantly solicitous of
 the happiness of their subjects4       
,shah-,jehan constructed a road from    
,delhi to ,lahore1 a distance of #ejj   
miles1 with guard-houses at intervals of
 every three miles1 and at every ten or 
twelve miles a caravanserai1 where all  
travellers were fed and lodged at the   
,emperor's expense4 ,besides this1      
canals were dug1 and public edifices    
built1 at the expense of millions1      
without taxing the people to pay for    
them as here2 and these edifices still  
stand1 and will endure for many years1  
as monuments of the munificence of the  

monarchs who erected them4 ,during the  
seventy years of the ,english dominion  
in ,india1 what has been done which     
would remind the people fifty years     
hence1 if they should retire from the   
country1 that such a nation had ever    
held sway there8 ,the only memorials    
they would leave1 would be the numerous 
empty bottles scattered over the whole  
empire1 to indicate what has been done  
in1 if not for ,india6 ,in some cases   
also1 they have squandered millions     
without benefit either to the people or 
themselves4 ,the money spent in three   
years on the insane war in ,cabul1 if   
expended on the construction of         
railroads or canals1 or the extension of
 steam navigation on our great rivers1  
would have employed thousands of men for
 twenty years1 returned an immense      
profit to government1 and have gained   
them a good name among the people4 ,but 
it is the misfortune of ,india1 that    
notwithstanding the high qualities of   
energy and enterprise1 united with      

superior education and intelligence1    
unquestionably possessed by its masters1
 they display so lamentable and         
apathetic an indifference to the        
amelioration of the country4 ,since ,i  
have had such opportunities of observing
 the proofs of ,english art and skill   
which ,i see every where and in every   
department1 ,i cannot but the more      
deeply regret that these wonderful      
discoveries1 and strange and unheard-of 
inventions1 in every branch of science  
and art1 are likely to remain unknown to
 the people of ,india4 ,if ,i were to   
relate on my return all the wonders ,i  
have seen1 no one would believe me3 and 
to what could ,i appeal in evidence of  
the truth of what ,i say8 ,are there any
 establishments where these things can  
be shown to the people on any thing like
 an adequate scale8 ,if such            
institutions had been established1 the  
people would have some tangible proof of
 the real intellectual superiority of   
their ,english rulers3 but in the lapse 

of seventy years1 nothing has been done4
 ,again1 if seminaries had been founded 
on the principle of those built and     
endowed by the emperors1 they might have
 produced men eminent in various        
faculties3 but though it is true that   
schools were built by the ,company some 
fifteen years since1 in various parts of
 the empire1 in which some thousands of 
children1 both ,hindoo and ,moslem1 have
 received education1 they have never    
turned out a single man of superior     
attainments in any department of        
literature there taught3--and it is     
remarkable that not an instance exists1 
as far as ,i am aware1 of a man thus    
educated in the ,company's own schools  
having been selected for the high       
judicial offices of ,sadr-ameen1 and    
principal ,sadr-ameen 7judges in the    
local courts27 but that these           
functionaries have invariably been      
chosen from those educated in the native
 method4 ,is not this strange1 that     
,government should have established     

schools professing to give superior     
instruction to the people2 and that not 
one so trained should have been found   
eligible to fill any of the judicial or 
fiscal offices of their own government8 
and how can it be accounted for1 except 
by these institutions having been       
conducted on an erroneous principle8    
,when ,i return to ,india1 ,i must be   
like the free-masons1 silent and        
reserved1 unless when ,i meet one who   
has been1 like myself1 in ,england1 and 
with whom ,i can converse on the wonders
 we have both witnessed in that         
marvellous country1 and which1 if ,i    
venture to narrate them in public1 or   
even among my own immediate friends and 
relatives1 would draw on me such        
disbelief1 that ,i would certainly die  
from grief of heart4--,here leave we    
,kerim ,khan2 not without a hope1 that  
in spite of the apprehensions expressed 
in the passage just quoted1 of incurring
 the reproach to which travellers' tales
 are supposed to be sometimes obnoxious1

 he has not eventually persisted in     
withholding from his countrymen a       
narrative which1 both from the          
opportunities of observation enjoyed by 
the writer1 and the ability and good    
judgement with which he has availed     
himself of these advantages1 is better  
calculated to dispel the incredulity    
which he anticipates1 than the ,travels 
of ,mirza ,abu-,taleb1 7the text of     
which has been printed at ,calcutta17 or
 indeed than any work with which we are 
acquainted4 ,trusting1 then1 that the   
,khan's patriotic aspirations for the   
welfare of his country may be realized  
by the speedy introduction of all those 
,feringhi appendages to high            
civilization1 the want of which he so   
feelingly deplores1 and that he may live
 a thousand years in the full fruition  
of all the advantages therefrom         
resulting1 we now take leave of him4    
,,footnotes3  #aa ,the palace           
constructed1 in the early ages of the   
world1 by the giant-king ,sheddad1 as a 

rival to the heavenly paradise1 and     
supposed still to exist1 though         
invisible to mortal eyes1 in the        
recesses of the ,desert--,see ,,lane',s 
,thousand and ,one ,nights1 vol1 ii4 p4 
#cdb4  #ab ,the ,persian princes imagine
 these children to be collected from all
 parts of the ,united ,kingdom1 for the 
purpose of this procession6  #ac ,the   
,khan never gives dates2 but on         
investigation we find that this must    
have been on the #aath of ,june #ahda2  
as among the list of visitors on that   
day occur the names of ,kurreen ,khan1  
,mohabet ,khan1 and1 singularly enough1 
the ,parsee poet1 ,manackjee ,cursetjee1
 who will be well remembered as a lion  
of the ,london drawing-rooms during that
 season4  #ad ,the polite dialect of    
,hindustani1 which differs considerably 
from that in use among the lower orders4
 ,the phrase is derived from ,oorda1 the
 court1 or camp1 of the                 
sovereign--whence our word horde4  #ae  
,one hundred and fifty-three of the     

students1 he adds1 were fixed upon for  
commissions1 who were to be sent out to 
,india2 but the ,khan must have been    
strangely misinformed here1 as the      
number actually selected was only       
thirty-one4  #af ,this must have been   
the ,trafalgar of #abj guns1 which was  
launched ,june #ba1 #ahda2 but the ,khan
 is mistaken in supposing that the      
,queen personally performed the ceremony
 of christening the ship1 since that    
duty devolved on ,lady ,bridport1 the   
niece of ,nelson1 who used on the       
occasion a bottle of wine which had been
 on board the ,victory when ,nelson     
fell4  #ag ,this must be a slip of the  
pen for ,selim1 or perhaps for ,soliman 
,ibn ,selim1 7,soliman the              
,magnificent47  #ah ,at this epoch1 adds
 the ,khan in a note1 reigned the great 
,harun-al-,rashid1 the khalif and       
supreme head of ,islam2 and ,charles the
 ,great was ,emperor of the ,franks4    
#ai ,the ,mirza even went so far as to  
write during his stay in ,england a     

treatise1 entitled ,vindication of the  
,liberties of the ,asiatic ,women1 which
 was translated by ,captain ,richardson1
 and published first in the ,asiatic    
,annual ,register for #ahja1 and again  
as an ,appendix to the ,mirza's         
,travels4 ,it is a very curious         
pamphlet1 and well worth perusal4  #bj  
,great efforts have of late been made1  
among the more enlightened ,hindus1 to  
get rid of this prejudice4 ,baboo ,motee
 ,loll ,seal1 a wealthy native of       
,calcutta1 offered #bj1jjj rupees1 a    
year or two since1 to the first ,hindu  
who would marry a widow1 and we believe 
the prize has been since claimed3--and  
in the ,asiatic ,journal 7vol4 xxxviii4 
p4 #cgj17 we find the announcement of   
the establishment1 in #ahdb1 of a ,hindu
 widow re-marrying club at ,calcutta6   
,,notes ,,on ,a ,,tour ,,of ,,the       
,,disturbed ,,districts ,,in ,,wales4   
,,by ,,joseph ,,downes4  ,author of ,the
 ,mountain ,decameron4   ,llangaddock1  
,carmarthenshire1 ,september #i4  ,and  

this is the 'disturbed district6'--this 
is the seat of war6--the ',agrarian     
civil war6'--the headquarters of the    
',rebecca rebels6 ,i soliloquized1 about
 the hour of one ,a4,m4 on the night of 
,september #i1 #ahdc--;a night of more  
than summer beauty1 sultry and light as 
day--while thrusting my head from the   
window of mine inn the ,castle1 in this 
pretty picturesque little village-town1 
to coin a term4 ,the shadows of the     
rustic houses1 and interspersed         
corn-stacks1 trees1 and orchards1       
stretched across the irregular street1  
without a causeway1 in unbroken quiet2  
not a sound was heard but the voice of  
an owl from a fold in the very heart of 
the town1 and the low murmur of the     
river chafing against the buttresses of 
an antique bridge at the end of the said
 street2 while an humble bow window of a
 shop1 where at nightfall ,i had        
observed some dozens of watches 7silver1
 too67 displayed1 without a token of    
,rebecca terrorism appearing1 was seen  

jutting into the road1 only hidden1 not 
defended1 by such a weak apology for a  
shutter1 as would not have resisted a   
burglar of ten years' old4  ,it was now 
,sunday morning1 and the clean-swept    
neatness of the sleeping village1 whose 
inhabitants we had seen busily engaged  
in this pleasing preparation for the day
 of rest1 as we strolled there at       
twilight1 confirmed the assurance of    
profound and fearless peace2 for only in
 that happy condition of society could  
the mind be supposed disengaged enough  
to regard those minute decencies of     
rural ,english life4 ,with a smile of   
well-pleased wonder at the exaggerations
 of the press1 which were persuading the
 ,londoners that the dogs of war were   
really let slip among these our green   
mountains and pastoral valleys1 after   
enjoying this prospect of a village by  
moonlight at the foot of the majestic   
,mynydd ,du1 7black mountain17 whose    
range is seen by day1 towering at a few 
miles' distance1 and hugging myself in  

the security of life and purse1 which   
warriors 7if they would cross-question  
their own great hearts7 do really prize 
as much as ,i do1 ,i returned to bed1   
7the heat of which had first driven me  
forth to this air-bath of half an hour47
 ,and this is the seat of insurrection6 
,i reiterated sarcastically against all 
,english and all ,welsh purveyors of    
news for terror-loving readers4  ,i have
 a huge deal of patriotism in my        
composition--also1 a great love of rural
 quiet1 joined to some trifling degree  
of cowardice1 as my family pretend2 but 
that ,i impute to my over-familiarity   
with them4 ,no man is great to his      
valet1 has been remarked4 ,the domestics
 of ,alexander wondered what the world  
found to wonder at1 in the little man   
their master4 ,however this may be1 ,i  
confess it was very pleasant to me to   
find peace unbroken in these my old     
haunts4 ,here ,i had many a summer night
 enacted1 as recorded in my ,mountain   
,decameron1 the amateur-gipsy1 a long   

while ago1 bivouacking in their wildest 
solitudes1 between some wood and water1 
on moonlight greensward1 or reading at  
our tents' mouth by a lamp1 while two   
boys1 my sons1 slept soundly within2 and
 in the blindness of human nature1 thus 
sneering against the gentlemen of the   
press1 sneered myself to sleep1 shut up 
in measureless content4  ,most lame and 
impotent conclusion6 ,the peace of      
nature in that sweet night was weak     
assurance of any kindred feeling in the 
bosom of man4 ,it so happened 7as ,i    
afterwards learned7 that felony--bloody 
felony--was at that very time busy1 at  
no great distance2 that murder1 that    
arson in its direst character1 were     
stamping their first damnable characters
 on a province noted1 through ages1 for 
innocence and simple piety2 that the    
first victim to rebellion was1 at that  
moment1 bleeding to death under the     
hands of those wearing the shapes of    
men2 that victim innocent1 helpless1    
and--a woman66  ,but of this in the     

course of my narrative4 ,sunday1        
,september #aj4  ,as ,i proceeded from  
,llangaddock this afternoon1 in company 
with my son1 we found no slackness in   
the attendance on the chapels1 which    
keep rising in all directions in the    
principality4 ,the groups issuing from  
them1 survey us with surly eyes1 as     
,sabbath-breakers1 for travelling on the
 ,lord's day4 ,it is curious to reflect 
that these very persons who have just   
been listening to the preachers of a    
gospel of peace1 with white upturning   
eyes and inward groans1 who present     
countenances deeply marked1 as it seems 
to us1 with the spirit of severe        
sanctity1 betrayed by their sour looks  
at us1 and not rarely vested in two or  
three expressions at us among           
themselves--,i say1 how curious a fact  
in the pathology of minds does it       
present1 that these very men will 7some 
of them7 reappear in a few hours1 or    
days1 in the characters of felons1      
midnight rebels to law and order1       

redressing minor wrongs committed by a  
few against themselves1 by a tenfold    
fouler wrong against all men1 against   
society itself4 ,for a system which     
consists in defying the laws1 is a      
systematic waging of war against the    
very element that binds men in          
society--it is a casting off of         
civilization1 a return to miserable     
dependence on animal strength alone1 on 
brutish cunning1 or midnight hiding in  
the dark1 for all we enjoy4 ,it seems   
well known that the farmers themselves  
are the ,rebeccaites1 aided by their    
servants1 and that the ,rebecca is no   
other than some forward booby1 or worse 
character1 who ambitiously claims to act
 the leader1 under the unmanly disguise 
of a female1 yielding his post in turn  
to other such petticoat heros4 ,the     
,rebecca seems no more than a living    
figure to give effect to the drama1 as  
boys dress up an effigy and parade it as
 the ,guy ,fawkes4  ,it is curious to   
witness the chop-fallen aspect of the   

poor toll-collectors4 ,the looking for  
of a dark hour is depicted on the female
 faces1 at least1 and a certain         
constrained civility mixed with         
sullenness1 marks the manners of the    
male portion near large towns2 for      
elsewhere1 humble civility has always   
met the traveller in this class of      
,welsh cottagers4 ,the frequent         
appearance of dragoons1 the clatter of  
their dangling accoutrements of war1 and
 grotesque ferocity of hairy headgear1  
and mock-heroic air of superiority to   
the more quietly grotesque groups of    
grey-coated men1 and muffled up ,welsh  
women gives a new feature to our tour in
 this hitherto tranquil region1 where a 
soldier used to be a monster that men1  
women1 children1 all alike1 would run to
 the cottage door to look at4 ,a very   
different sort of look than that of     
childish curiosity now greets these     
gallant warriors1 at least from the     
farmers4 ',becca is the beloved of their
 secret hearts--',becca has already     

given them roads without paying for     
them6 ',becca is longed for by every    
honest farmer of them all1 whenever he  
pays a toll-gate4 ,and these fellows are
 come sword in hand1 to hunt down poor  
innocent ',becca6 ,well may the         
,welshman's eyes lower on them1 whatever
 may be the looks of the ,welsh women4  
,we have now rode through several       
toll-gates1 the ruins of the toll-houses
 only remaining1 and rode scatheless6   
,no toll asked--no darting forth of a   
grim figure from his little castle1 at  
the shake of the road by tramp of       
horses--like the spider showing himself 
at his hole1 on the trembling of his web
 to the struggle of a luckless fly4     
,nothing appeared but a shell of a      
house1 with blackened remains of        
rafters1 or a great heap of stones1 not 
even a wall left--and huge stumps of    
gate-posts1 and not a hand extended1 or 
voice raised to demand payment for our  
use of a road6--that payment which the  
laws of the land had formally pronounced

 due6 ,had new laws been passed8 ,had a 
new mode arisen of discharging the debt 
we had incurred by the purchase of the  
use of so much road for two horses8     
,nothing of the kind6 ,a mob at midnight
 had thrown down the barrier law had    
built2 and law dared not1 or neglected  
to--erect it again6 ,rebecca1 like ,jack
 ,cade1 had pronounced her law--sic     
volo1 sic jubeo--and we rode through1 by
 virtue of her most graceless ,majesty's
 absolute edict--cost free4 ,it was     
really a very singular feeling we       
experienced on the first of these       
occasions4 ,i assure thee1 my reader2   
believe me1 my pensive public6 ,i never 
was transported--never held up hand at  
the ,old ,bailey1 or elsewhere2 am not  
conscious of any sinister sort of       
projections about my skull that         
phrenologists might draw ugly           
conclusions on2 yet ,i confess1 that    
after an eloquent burst of ,conservative
 wrath against this strange triumph of  
anarchy--after looking down on these    

works of mob law1 unreversed1 tamely    
endured--after fancying ,i saw the      
prostrate genius of social order there  
lying helpless--the dethroned majesty of
 ,british law there grovelling among the
 black ruins1 insulted1 unrestored--left
 to be trampled over with insolent      
laughter1 by refractory boors1 ignorant 
as savages of that law's inestimable    
blessing--,i say1 after all these       
hurried thoughts and feelings--let me   
whisper thee1 my reader1 that a certain 
scandalous pleasure did creep up from   
these finger-ends1 instinctively groping
 the pocket for the pre-doomed          
thrippence1 yea1 quite up to this lofty1
 reasoning1 and right loyal sensorium1  
on leaving the said sum in good and     
lawful money1 snug and safe in my own   
pocket1 instead of handing it over to a 
toll collector4 ,let us not expect too  
much from poor human nature6 ,i defy any
 man--,aristides ,redivivus himself1 to 
ride toll free through1 or rather over1 
a turnpike defunct in this manner1 and  

not feel a pernicious pleasure at his   
heart1 a sort of slyly triumphing       
satisfaction1 spite of himself1 as of a 
dog that gets his adversary undermost2  
in short--without becoming for the      
moment1 under the ,circean chink of the 
saved coppers1 a rank ,rebeccaite6 ,the 
,lord and the law forgive me1 for ,i    
surely loved ',becca at heart at that   
moment6  ,my son being a young man about
 returning to college1 it was highly    
important to conceal this backsliding   
within2 so ,i launched out the more upon
 the monster character of this victory  
of brawny ignorance and stupid rebellion
 over the spirit of laws--but it        
wouldn't do4 ,but you don't look        
altogether so angry about it as you     
speak1 father1 said he1 though what he  
could see to betray any inward          
chuckling1 ,i am not aware4 ,if the     
casual saving of a toll could thus      
operate upon ,,me1 who should1 perhaps1 
never pass there again1 can it be       
wondered at that farmers1 to whom this  

triumph must prove a great annual gain1 
are ,rebeccaites to the backbone1 and to
 a man8 ,i fear they must be more than  
man1 not to cry secretly to this        
levelling lady ,god speed6 ,and this    
leads me to more serious reflection on  
the incomprehensible and fatal conduct  
of the local authorities in the first   
instance1 in not instantly re-erecting  
the toll-gates1 or fixing chains pro    
tempore1 protecting at whatever expense 
some persons to demand compliance with  
the laws1 that not for a week1 a day1 an
 hour1 the disgraceful and dangerous    
spectacle should be exhibited1 of       
authority completely down-trodden1 law  
successfully defied4 ,surely the first  
step in vindication of the dignity of   
legal supremacy could not be difficult4 
,by day1 at least1 surely a constabulary
 force might have compelled obedience4  
,a few military at first1 stationed near
 the gates1 would have awed rustic      
rebels4 ,it is the impunity which this  
unheard-of palsy of the governing strong

 hand so long ensured to them1 which has
 fostered riot into rebellion1 and      
rebellion into incendiarism and murder4 
,is it possible for a thinking man to   
see these poor and 7truth to tell7 most 
money-loving people1 saving two or three
 shillings every time they drive their  
team to market or lime1 by the          
prostration of a gate1 and be at a loss 
to discover the secret of this midnight 
work spreading like wildfire8 ,why1     
every transit which a farmer makes cost 
free1 is a spur to his avarice1 a       
tribute of submission to his lawless    
will1 a temptation to his ignorant      
impatience of all payments to try his   
hand against all4 ,the quiet            
acquiescence in refusal to pay--the     
vanishing of toll-house and toll-takers 
without one magisterial edict--the mere 
submission to the mob1 seems to cry     
peccavi too manifestly1 and affords     
fresh colour to indiscriminate          
condemnation of all4 ,a bonus in the    
shape of a toll for horse or team       

remitted1 is thus actually presented1   
many times a-day1 to the rioter1 the    
rebel1 the midnight incendiary of       
toll-houses1 for this good work1 by the 
supine1 besotted1 or fear-palsied local 
authorities4 ,shall a man look on while 
a burglar enters his house1 ransacks his
 till1 let him depart1 and then1 in     
despair1 leave the door he broke open1  
open still all night for his entrance1  
and then wonder that burglary is vastly 
on the increase8 ,the wonder1 ,i think1 
is that one gate remains2 and that      
wonder will not exist long1 if          
government do not do something more than
 send down a gentleman to ask the ,welsh
 what they please to want8 ,the         
temptation forced upon the eyes and     
minds of a poverty-stricken and greedy  
people1 by this shocking spectacle of   
the mastery of anarchy over order1 in   
the annihilation of an impost by armed  
mountain peasants1 is in itself a great 
cruelty2 for in all ,agrarian risings   
the state has triumphed at last1        

inasmuch as wealth and its resources are
 an over-match for poverty1 however     
furious or savage2 hence blood will flow
 under the sword of justice ultimately1 
which early vigilance on her part might 
have wholly spared4 ,knock down that    
toll-house--fire its contents--murder   
its tenant1 seems the voice of such     
sleepy justice to pronounce1 and neither
 ,i1 nor my myrmidons will even ask you 
again for toll6 ,do this1 and you shall 
not pay66  ,such was the tacit          
invitation kindly presented by the first
 torn down toll-gate that remained in   
ruins1 to every ,welsh farmer4 ,the     
farmer has accepted it1 and             
justice--justice keeps her promise      
religiously1 for no toll is demanded4   
,if the law had been violated by        
trustees1 we have a body called         
parliament strong enough to reform1 ay1 
and punish them1 as they1 some of them  
perhaps1 richly deserve2 but was that a 
reason for the laws to be annulled1 and 
lawlessness made the order of the day1  

in so important a matter as public      
roads1 by the very men who are to profit
 by it1 self-erected into judges in     
their own cause8         99       99    
99       99       99  ,llandilo ,vaur4  
,evening1 ,sept4 #aj4 ,sunday4  ,a scene
 to turn even a commercial traveller    
7vulgo a bagman7 into a sentimental one1
 if any thing could6 ,clouds that had   
overcast our ride of the last few miles1
 kindly flew diverse as we reached the  
bridge over the ,towey1 that flows at   
the foot of the declivity on which this 
romantic town stands4 ,the sun broke    
forth1 and all at once showed1 and      
burnished while it showed1 one of the   
noblest landscapes in ,south ,wales--not
 the less attractive for being that     
which kindled the muse of ,dyer--on     
which the saintly eye of a far greater  
poet had often reposed--the immortal    
prose-poet bishop1 ,jeremy ,taylor1 a   
refugee here during the storm of the    
,civil ,wars4 ,golden ,grove1 his       
beautiful retreat1 with its venerable   

trees1 was in our sight1 the green      
mountain meadows between literally      
verifying its name by the brilliance of 
their sunshiny rich grass1 where ,god   
had showered the landscape2 to a        
fantastic fancy1 giving the idea of the 
quivering of the richest leaf gold on a 
ground of emerald4 ,the humbler ,welsh  
,parnassus of the painter poet1 ,grongar
 ,hill1 towered also in distance4 ,we   
traced the pastoral yet noble river1    
winding away in long meanders1          
up-flashing silver1 through a broad     
mountain valley1 dotted with white      
farms1 rich in various foliage1 marked  
as a map by lines1 with well-marked     
hedge-rows2 harvest fields full of      
sheaves1 yellowing all the lofty slopes 
that presented these beautiful farms and
 folds full to the descending sun2 those
 slopes1 surmounted by grand masses of  
darkness1 solemnly contrasted with the  
gay luxuriance all below2 that darkness 
only the shade of woods1 nodding like   
the black plume over the golden armour  

of some giant hero of fable1 magna      
componere parvis4  ,nearer1 rose        
directly from the river a noble park1   
with all the charm of the wild          
picturesque1 from its antique look1 its 
romantic undulations and steepness1 its 
woody mount and ivied ruin of a castle1 
bosomed high in tufted trees1           
half-hidden1 yet visible and reflected  
in the now-placid mirror of a reach of  
the river4  ,being ,sunday1 a moral     
charm was added to those of this        
exquisite natural panorama1 from which  
the curtain of storm-cloud seemed just  
then drawn up1 as if to strike us the   
more with its flashing glory of         
sunshine1 water1 and a whole sky become 
cerulean in a few minutes4 ,no ,sabbath 
bells chimed1 indeed2 but the hushed    
town1 and vacant groups come abroad to  
enjoy the return of that ,italian       
weather we had long luxuriated in1      
impressed1 equally with any music1 the  
idea of ,sabbath on the mind4 ,it was   
hard to believe1 revolting to be forced 

to believe1 that this fine scene of     
perfect beauty and deep repose1 as      
presented to the eye1 directed to nature
 only--to the mind's eye rolling up to  
nature's ,god--was also the 7newly      
transfigured7 theatre of man's worst and
 darkest passions2 that the army--that  
odious1 hideous1 necessary curse of     
civilization1 the severe and hateful    
guardian of liberty and peace1 7though  
uncongenial to both7--was at that moment
 evoked by all the lovers of both for   
their salvation2 was even then violating
 the ideal harmony of the hour1 by its  
foul yet saving presence2 was parading  
those green suburbs1 and the sweet      
fields under those mountain walls1 with 
those clangours so discordant to the    
holy influences of the hour and         
scene--emerging in their gay1 shocking  
costume1 7the colour of blood1 and      
devised for its concealment17 from      
angles of rocks1 and mouths of bowered  
avenues1 where the mild fugitive from   
civil war1 and faithful devotee of his  

throneless king1 had often wandered1    
meditating on ,holy ,dying--of ,holy    
,living himself a beautiful             
example--where even still1 nothing gave 
outward and visible sign of incendiarism
 and murder lurking among those         
hermitages of rustic life2 yet were both
 in active1 secret operation6  ,in that 
very park of ,dynevor1 whose beauty we  
were admiring from the bridge1 a little 
walk would have led us to--a grave6--no 
consecrated one1 but one dug ready to   
receive a corpse2 dug1 in savage        
threatening of slaughter1 for the       
reception of one yet living--the son of 
the noble owner of that ancient         
domain--dug in sight of his father's    
house1 in his own park1 by wretches who 
have warned him to prepare to fill that 
grave in ,october6 ,the gentleman so    
threatened1 being void of all offence   
save that of being a magistrate--a sworn
 preserver of the public peace6         
,equally abhorrent to rational piety1 if
 less shocking1 is that air of sourest  

sanctity which the groups now passing us
 bring with them out from the           
meeting-houses4  ,ask a question1 and a 
nasal noise between groan and snort     
seems to signify that they ask to be    
asked again1 a sort of ha--a--h8 long   
drawn out4 ,the human face and the face 
of nature1 at that hour1 were as an east
 of thunder fronting a west of golden   
blue summer serenity4 ,the ,mawworms of 
,calvinistic ,methodism have made a sort
 of monkery of all ,wales1 as regards   
externals at least4 ,to think a twilight
 or noonday walk for pleasure a sin1    
involves the absurdest principle of     
ascetic folly1 as truly as              
self-flagellation1 or wearing horsehair 
shirts4 ,not that these ministers set   
their flocks any example of             
self-mortification4 ,the greater number 
of preachers show excellent condition1  
the poorest farmers' wives vying with   
each other in purveying creature        
comforts for these spiritual comforters4
 ,preparing hot dinners1 it seems1 is   

not working on the ,lord's ,day when it 
is for the preacher2 though to save a   
field of corn1 which is in danger of    
being spoiled if left out1 as in some   
seasons1 would be a shocking desecration
 of that day4 ,yet1 to observe the      
abstracted unearthly carriage of these  
men1 who seem conversing with the skies 
while walking the streets1 one wonders  
at the contrast of such burly bodies and
 refined spirits4  ,to return to the    
flock from these burly shepherds of     
souls--this outbreak of a devilish      
spirit--this crusade against law and    
order1 tolls and tithes1 life and       
property1 is a damning evidence against 
these spiritual pastors and masters1 for
 such they are to the great body of the 
,welsh common people1 in the fullest    
sense4 ,the ,times newspaper has ruffled
 the whole ,volscian camp of ,dissent1  
it appears1 by thundering forth against 
them a charge of inciting their         
congregations to midnight crime4 ,john  
,joneses1 and ,david ,reeses1 and ,ap   

,shenkinses1 have sprung up like the men
 from the dragon's teeth1 to repel this 
charge4 ,it is probable that it was not 
well founded1 for the simple reason1    
that such daring subornation of crime   
would have brought themselves into      
trouble4 ,but what sort of defence is   
this1 even if substantiated8 ,you did   
not excite your followers to rebellion  
and arson6 ,you1 with your unlimited    
command of their minds1 and almost      
bodies1 why did you not allay1 resist1  
put down the excitement1 by whomever    
raised8 ,that is the gravamen of the    
charge against you6 ,you who make then  
weep1 make then tremble1 puff them with 
spiritual conceit1 or depress them with 
terrors of damnation just as you please1
 how comes it that you are powerless all
 at once in deterring them from wild and
 bad actions--you1 who are all-powerful 
in inciting them to any thing1 since to 
refrain from violence is easier than to 
commit it8  ,the increase of these      
outrages proves1 that not the power1 but

 will1 is wanting on your part1 to put  
down this spirit of revenge and revolt4 
,you perceive the current of their      
ignorant minds setting strongly in      
toward rapine and rebellion1 7the feeler
 put forth being the toll grievance17   
and you basely1 wickedly1 pander to     
their passions1 by a discreet silence in
 your rostra1 an unchristian apathy2    
while deeds are being done under your   
very eyes--in your daily path--which no 
good man can view without horror2 no    
bold good man in the position which you 
hold1 of public instructors in human    
duties1 could see1 without denouncing6  
,and as your boldness1 at least1 is     
pretty apparent1 whatever your goodness 
may be1 other motives than fear must be 
sought for this unaccountable suspension
 of your influence--and ,i find it in   
self-interest--love of filthy lucre4    
,you are supported by voluntary         
contribution1 and to thwart the passions
 of your followers1 and stem the tide of
 lawless violence1 though your most     

sacred spiritual duty1 is not the way to
 conciliate--is not compatible with that
 voluntary principle on which your bread
 depends1 and which too often places    
your duty and your interest in direct   
opposition4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,llanon1            
,carmarthenshire4  ,the good woman of   
our inn in this village has just been   
apologizing for the almost empty state  
of her house1 the furniture being       
chiefly sent away to ,pembree1 whither  
she and her family hoped to follow in a 
few days4 ,the cause of her removal was 
fear of the house being set fire to1 it 
being the property of ,mr ,chambers1 a  
magistrate of ,llanelly1 and the        
,rebecca's company had warned all his   
tenants to be prepared for their fiery  
vengeance4 ,his heinous offence was     
heading the police in discharge of his  
duty1 in a conflict that has just       
occurred at ,pontardulais gate1 near    
this place1 in which some of the        
',beccaites were wounded4 ,since this1  

farm-houses and other property of this  
gentleman have been consumed1 his life  
has been threatened1 and his family have
 prevailed on him to abandon his home   
and native place4 ,the wounded men1 now 
prisoners1 were of this village1 the    
focus of this rebellion that dares not  
face the day4 ,it is here that the      
murderous midnight attack was made on   
the house of a ,mr ,edwards1 when the   
wretches fired volleys at the windows1  
where his wife and daughter appeared at 
their command4 ,they escaped1           
miraculously it might be said1          
notwithstanding4 ,the poor old hostess  
complained1 as well she might1 of the   
hardship of being thus put in peril1    
purely in hostility to her landlord4 ,we
 slept1 however1 soundly1 and found     
ourselves alive in the morning2 whether 
through evangelical ,rebecca's scruples 
about burning us out 7or in7 on a       
,lord's ,day night1 or her being engaged
 elsewhere1 we knew not4  ,and here also
 we rode through a crowd1 murmuring     

hymns1 pouring from the chapel1 where1  
no doubt1 they had heard some edifying  
discourse about the sweet ,jesus1 and   
sweet experiences1 and new birth1 the   
omnipotence of faith to salvation1 and  
all and every topic but a man's just    
indignation1 and a religious man's most 
solemn denunciation against the bloody  
and felonious outrages just committed by
 those very villagers--against the      
night-masked assassins1 who had just    
before wantonly pointed deadly weapons  
against unoffending women--against the  
chamber of a sick man1 a husband1 and a 
father6         99       99       99    
99       99  ,llanelly1 ,sept4 #aa1     
,monday4  ,the headquarters of          
vindictive rebellion1 arson1 and        
spiritual oratory6 ,an ugly populous    
town near the sea1 now in a ferment of  
mixed fear and fury1 from recent savage 
acts of the ,rebeccaites against a most 
respectable magistrate1 resident in the 
town1 ,mr ,w4 ,chambers1 jun41 the      
denounced landlord of our old ,welsh    

hostess at ,llanon4 ,two of his         
farm-houses have been burned to the     
ground1 and his life has been           
threatened4 ,his grievous offence ,i    
stated before4 ,soldiers are seen every 
where2 and verily1 the mixture of       
brute-ignorance and brute-ferocity1     
depicted in the faces of the great mass 
of operatives that we meet1 seem to hint
 that their presence is not prematurely 
invoked4 ,their begrimed features and   
figures1 caused by their various        
employments1 give greater effect to the 
wild character of the coatless groups1  
who1 in their blue check shirt-sleeves1 
congregate at every corner to cabal1    
rather than to dispute1 it seems2 for1  
fond as they are of dissent1 7though not
 one in fifty could tell you from what  
they dissent1 or to what they cleave in 
doctrine17 there seems no leaning to    
dissent from the glorious new ,rebecca  
law of might 7or midnight surprisals7   
against right4  ,in this neighbourhood1 
our ,welsh annals will have to          

record--the first dwelling-house1 not   
being a toll-house1 was laid in ashes2  
the first blood was shed by ,rebecca's  
company1 as they call the rioters here4 
,and here resides1 rants1 prays1 and    
preaches1 and scribbles sedition1 an    
illiterate fanatic1 who is recognised as
 an organ of one sect of ,methodists1   
,whitfieldites publishing a monthly     
inflammatory ,magazine1 called ,y       
,diwygiwr1 7the ,reformer67--,god bless 
the mark6  ,this little pope1 within his
 little circle of the great unwashed1 is
 very oracular1 and his infallibility a 
dogma with his followers and readers4   
,how much he himself and his vulgar     
trash of prose run mad1 stand in need of
 that wholesome reform which some of his
 ,english brother-firebrands have been  
taught in ,coldbathfields and ,newgate1 
let my reader judge from the following  
extract4 ,the ,times newspaper did good 
service in gibbeting this precious      
morceau1 supplied by its indefatigable  
reporter1 in its broad sheet4 ,how great

 was the neglect of ,welsh society1 and 
every thing ,welsh1 when this sort of   
war-cry of treason could be raised1 this
 trump of rebellion sounded1 and1 as it 
were1 from the pulpit ,evangelical1 with
 perfect impunity to the demagogue1 thus
 prostituting religion itself to the    
cause of anarchical crime6--  ,we cannot
 regard these tumults1 with their like  
in other parts1 but as the effects of   
,tory oppression4 ,our wish is to see   
,rebecca and her children arrayed by    
thousands1 for the suppression of       
,toryism4 ,these are the only means to  
remove the burden from the back of the  
country4444 ,resolve to see the sword of
 reason plunged in oppression's heart4  
,he goes on to say1 there must be a     
hard-blowing storm before the high      
places in ,state and ,church can be     
levelled1 c4 c4 ,there is the usual     
twaddle about moral force1 forsooth1    
under which saving periphrasis1         
now-a-days1 every rebel ranter in field1
 or tub1 or conventicle1 insinuates     

lawless violence without naming it4     
,jack ,cade would have made it the      
rallying cry of his raggamuffins1 so    
would ,wat ,tyler1 had it been hit upon 
in his day4 ,the array of thousands is  
intelligible to the meanest capacity4   
,the dullest ,welsh copper-man1 or      
collier1 or wild farm cultivator1 could 
not miss the meaning4 ,but as to this   
magical weapon1 moral force1 which they 
are to handle when so arrayed--the      
brightest capacity must be at a loss to 
know what it means4 ,how absurd 7if he  
pretends such a thing7 to expect that   
enlightened statesmen will stand        
reformed1 restrained1 stricken through1 
with a new light in politics by the     
exhibition of these smutty patriots'    
minds alone6--by the force of           
conviction1 wrought by ascertaining     
their convictions1 7the illuminati of   
,llanelly coal-works1 of ,swansea       
copper-works1 of ,carmarthen            
farm-yards17 will instantly tack--put   
the vessel of ,state right about1 and   

bring her triumphant into the placid    
haven of ,radicalism6 ,and why physical 
array to wield such shadowy arms as     
moral force8 ,this favourite            
stalking-horse of incendiary politics is
 but the secret hiding-place of retreat 
from the force of government4 ,the      
peace1 the forbearance it breathes1 is  
like the brief silence maintained--the  
holding of the breath--by those snugly  
ensconced within that other horse of    
famous memory1 the ,trojan1 which served
 admirably to lay vigilance asleep1 and 
evade the defensive force of the        
garrison1 till the hour came to leap    
from its protection1 and fire the       
citadel4 ,this moral force covert of    
revolt1 is every whit as hollow1 as     
treacherous1 as fatal1 if trusted to4   
,inflame1 enrage1 and then gather       
together thousands of the most ignorant 
of mankind1 pointing to a body1 or a    
class1 or a government1 as the sole     
cause of whatever they suffer or        
dislike1 and then--tell them to be      

moral6 peaceable6 not to use those tens 
of thousands of brawny arms1 inured to  
the sledge-hammer2 oh1 no6 tell them    
that force means to stand still--or     
disperse--or gabble--any thing but      
to--fight6 ,and such vile juggling with 
us in a double sense as this1 is        
evangelical morality6  ,in justice to   
the ,liberal party1 ,i shall add that it
 does not sanction the ravings of this  
hypocrite1 but laughs at his illiterate 
pretensions to the character of a public
 writer4 ,as evidence of this1 the      
editor of the ,welshman1 a ,liberal     
journal1 published at ,carmarthen1 has  
ably castigated this sedition-monger1   
who has exposed his own ignorance in    
venting his wrath at the infliction4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,pontardulais4 ,monday ,evening4  ,it   
was pleasant to emerge from that dingy  
seat of fanaticism and fury1 pseudo     
religion and moral violation of         
religion's broad principles4 ,its aspect
 almost recalled the description of one 

of ,rome's imperial monsters1 equally in
 physionomy and nature--a mixture of    
dirt and blood4 ,the day was superb1 and
 the adjacent country1 though rather    
tame for ,wales1 improved in rural      
beauty as we approached a crossway very 
near to this village1 ,pontardulais4    
,two cottages appeared in a green1      
quiet1 dingle we were descending to1    
watered by a small river1 and surrounded
 by sloping meadows1 now yellowed by the
 evening sun1 and well inhabited by     
their proper population1 sheep and cows1
 now beginning their homeward course at 
the call of the milkmaid2 the only other
 motion in this simply beautiful        
landscape1 being a scattered gleaner or 
two1 with her load1 and the rather thick
 volume of blue smoke curling up from   
one of those cots1 which1 standing so   
close1 without any other near1 prompted 
the idea of some rustic old couple in   
conjugal quietude1 smiling out life's   
evening1 by themselves1 apart from all  
the world4 ,such was the perfect calm of

 scene1 and the day in which summer heat
 was joined to the golden serenity of   
autumn4  ,we were beginning to dismiss  
ugly ,rebeccaism from our thoughts1     
meditating where we should find one of  
those ,isaac ,waltonian hostelries1 with
 a sign swinging from an old tree1 which
 we delight to make our evening         
quarters2 for ,pontardulais1 we knew1   
was too lately a little battle-field to 
afford hope of this tranquil bliss1 for 
here had occurred the first conflict1 in
 which men had been wounded and         
prisoners made4 ,the advance of evening1
 with its halcyon attributes of all     
kinds1 had the effect of a lullaby on   
the mind1 disturbed at every stage by   
some hurrying dragoon1 some eager       
gossiping group1 or fresh news of some  
farm burned last night1 or rumours of   
martial law being actually impending    
over us poor rebels of ,south ,wales4   
,reaching the little houses in their    
lonely crossway1 we were startled by the
 appearance of a gutted house2 the walls

 alone having remained to present to us1
 on the higher ground1 the semblance of 
a white cottage4 ,the old thatch1 fallen
 in1 and timber1 were still smouldering 
visibly1 though the house was fired     
about one ,a4,m4 yesterday morning4     
,before the near adjoining cottage a    
quiet crowd of some twenty persons      
appeared1 and a few rustic articles of  
furniture on the roadside4 ,where was   
their owner8 ,dismounting1 we entered   
this cottage1 that had looked all       
peaceful security so lately to our eyes4
 ,it had not been injured1 but was all  
dismantled and in confusion2 and        
stretched on some low sort of bench or  
seat1 lay the murdered owner of that    
smoking ruin--the ,hendy toll-house4    
,her coffin had been already made1 7the 
coffin-plate giving her age1 #ge17 and  
stood leaning against the wall1 but the 
body was preserved just as it fell1 for 
the inspection of the jury4 7,the jury6 
a ,british jury6 ,is there a ,british   
man1 incapable of perjury1 of parricide1

 of bloody and blackest felony1 himself1
 who will ever forget1 who will ever    
cease to spurn1 spit upon in thought1   
execrate in words1 that degraded1       
wretched1 most wicked knot of           
murder-screeners--the ,hendy ,gate      
jury87  ,there was nothing in this      
dismal spectacle for a poet to find     
there food for fancy4 ,all was naked1   
ugly horror4 ,an old rug just veiled the
 corpse1 which1 being turned down1      
revealed the orifice1 just by the       
nipple1 of a shot or slug wound1 and her
 linen was stiff and saturated with the 
blood which had flowed4 ,another wound  
on the temple had caused a torrent of   
blood1 which remained glued over the    
whole cheek4 ,the retracted lips of this
 poor suffering creature1 gave a        
dreadful grin to the aged countenance1  
expressing the strong agony she must    
have endured1 no doubt from the filling 
up of the breast with those three pints 
of blood found there by the surgeons4   
,the details of this savage murder have 

been too fully given in all the papers  
to need repetition here4 ,suffice it to 
say1 that to any one viewing the body as
 we thus happened to do1 the atrocity of
 this heartless treason against society 
and the injured dead becomes yet more   
striking2 it seeming wonderful that the 
piteousness of the sight--the mute      
pleading of that mouth full of cloated  
blood--the arousing ocular evidence of  
the unprovoked assassin's cruelty--the  
helplessness of the aged woman--her     
innocence--all should not have kindled  
humanity in their hearts1 7if all       
principle was dead in their dark minds17
 just enough to dare to call a foul     
murder murder--to turn those twelve     
,rebecca-ridden1 crouching slaves into  
men6 ,some of them1 probably1 had old   
helpless mothers at home2 did no flying 
vision of her white hairs all blooded1  
and the breast1 where they had lain and 
fed1 full of blood also1 cross the      
conscience of one of them1 when1 by     
their conspiracy1 protection for life   

was to be denied to her1 to all1 by     
their unheard-of abuse of the only known
 ,british protective power--trial by    
jury8 ,it is almost an apology for them 
to imagine1 that one or more of them    
were actually part of the gang4         
,self-preservation1 under instant       
danger1 7involved in a just verdict17 is
 less revolting than the less urgent    
degree of the same natural impulse1     
implied in the hypothesis of pure       
selfish and most dastardly dread of some
 remoter evil to self from the ill-will 
of those impugned by a righteous        
verdict4  ,the verdict1 it will be      
remembered1 was1 that ,sarah ,williams  
died from effusion of blood1 but from   
what cause is to this jury unknown666   
,the designed trick--the sly juggle     
concocted by these men1 sworn before    
,almighty ,god to tell truth respecting 
the cry of blood then rising to his     
throne1 evidently was to leave a        
loop-hole for a doubt whereby justice   
might be defeated--a possibility1 so    

they flattered themselves1 that1 just in
 the nick of time1 a bloodvessel burst1 
or fright destroyed her1 or any thing   
but the bloody hand of ,rebecca4        
,though1 as the slugs were actually     
found in the lungs1 the hope they       
dressed themselves in was as drunk1 as  
swinishly stupid1 as their design was   
unmanly1 inhuman1 and devilish--to wink 
at this horror6 to huddle up this       
murder1 and hurry into the earth a      
murdered woman1 as if she had lived out 
her term6  ,whatever was the prompting  
feeling of this monster-jury1 let us    
hope that the arm of the law will reach 
them yet1 for this double crime against 
bleeding innocence and against their    
country4 ,it would be a fitting         
punishment to them1 to pronounce every  
individual an outlaw--to deny him all   
benefit of those laws he has done his   
best to defeat1 and leave the craven    
traitor to his kind--to adopt his       
beloved ',becca's disguise for ever1    
skulk about the land that disowns him in

 petticoats1 and blush out his life 7if 
shame be left him27 and let his name be 
fixed up1 as a scarecrow to deter such  
evil doers1 on the wall of every court  
of justice3--,to the infamous memory of 
,a4 ,b41 one of the perjured protectors 
of murder--,the ,hendy ,gate ,jury6     
,most revolting was the betrayed bias of
 almost all we spoke with1 toward       
palliation of this dark act4 ,didn't she
 die in a fit2 or of fright2 or         
something8 was a frequent question1 even
 from those near the scene of this      
tragedy4 ,what did ail the old creture  
to go near 'em8 ,name of goodness6      
didn't they order her not8 ,even from   
her own sex1 a disgusting lack of       
warm-hearted pity and indignation was   
most palpable4 ,truly1 morality and the 
meeting-house have a deep gulf between  
them1 if these are the morals of the    
people4 ,the regular church is really so
 little prized here1 that we can only   
turn to the dissenting ministers of     
religious instruction1 for the lower    

orders4 ,and seeing these doings and    
sentiments in the flocks1 one turns with
 astonishment to those professing       
teachers of the ,welsh1 and is ready to 
exclaim--,what is it that you do teach8 
,only the mechanical part of religion1  
only the necessary outer mummery1 ,i    
shall venture to say1 which1 perhaps1   
all revealed religions require1 to      
maintain a hold on the reverence of the 
common people4 ,it seems impossible that
 the voice of true religion can have    
reached hearts that a slight pecuniary  
interest1 the abatement of a turnpike   
toll1 or the like1 can sear against the 
death-shriek of murdered woman2 the cry 
of blood out of the earth2 the fear of  
,god's judgement against perjury1 and   
connivance at murder6         99        
99       99       99       99           
,kidwelly1 ,carmarthenshire1 ,sept4 #ab4
  ,riding from ,llanelly to this place1 
by a road skirting the coast1 we1 for   
the first time1 heard the horn of       
,rebecca sounded1 and replied to from   

among the darkling hills1 the night     
being one of dusky moonlight4 ,we at    
first believed it the signal of some    
persons in the collieries1 but learned  
that ',becca's company had been out     
round ,kidwelly that night1 and an      
incendiary fire was the good work       
accomplished4 ,it being near ten o'clock
 at night1 and our road wild and        
solitary1 we felt rather pleased to gain
 the covert of this usually most quiet  
little town1 with its air of antiquity  
and dead repose1 as agreeable to a      
sentimental traveller1 as unwelcome to  
its few traders and dwellers4  ,the     
innkeepers and shopkeepers1 being much  
injured in their trades by the          
terrifying effect of ,rebeccaism on     
strangers1 who have kept aloof all the  
summer1 lift up the voice 7but          
cautiously7 against this terrible lady4 
,hardly an expression of regret for the 
poor victim at ,hendy ,gate reaches our 
ears2 but rather1 they seem to visit on 
her the anticipated severity of future  

dealing with the rioters1 which they    
foresee4  ,we see already posted        
placards1 offering ,l4#ejj for the      
discovery of the actual perpetrator of  
the murder of the poor toll-collector4  
,it is headed ,murder1 in the teeth of  
the audacious1 solemn declaration by the
 jury1 of their ignorance of the cause  
of death4 ,query1 ,was a coroner        
warranted in receiving such a verdict8  
,was he not empowered--required--to send
 the jury back to learn common sense8   
99       99       99       99       99  
,inn between ,carmarthen and ,llandilo4 
,just as we were sauntering in the rural
 road1 admiring the placidity of the    
night1 about ten o'clock1 and the       
twilight landscape of the banks of the  
,towey1 a sudden light opened up to us  
the whole night prospect1 where the     
farther side of this broad vale rises   
finely covered with woods1 round        
,middleton ,hall1 and soon learned the  
nature of this sudden illumination and  
pyramidal fire1 being the conflagration 

of extensive property belonging to its  
owner1 ,mr ,adams1 close to the mansion4
  ,the terror of the female inhabitants 
may be imagined1 there being1 ,i        
believe1 not any male inmates but       
servants at home1 and the incendiaries  
doing their work at that early hour in  
the most daring manner1 firing guns1    
blowing horns1 c4 ,mr ,adams drove in   
just as the fire was at its height1     
7having1 indeed1 believed the house to  
be in flames while he approached17 and  
found the goods and moveables all       
brought out in fear of its catching     
fire2 but it escaped--so did the        
,rebeccaites1 of course4  ,not to extend
 too far these hasty ,notes1 ,i shall   
throw together the heads of a few made  
on the spot4 ,our sentimental journey   
occupied about three weeks1 and brought 
us to almost every part infested by the 
disturbers4 ,having put up at an inn in 
the outskirts of a town in              
,cardiganshire for the night1 leaving   
the horses1 we walked to the town4 ,as  

we returned1 the night being rather     
dark1 ,i was not conscious of any one   
being on the same road behind1 and was  
talking to my son1 rather earnestly1 of 
the iniquitous verdict of the ,hendy    
,gate assassin jury1 when a voice behind
 asked in ,english1 saucily1 if ,i was  
going to attend the future trial of the 
,hugheses1 and them of the ,llanon      
village1 then in ,swansea jail8 ,the    
tone clearly indicated how alien to the 
,welshman's feelings were those ,i was  
expressing1 though but those of common  
humanity4 ,giving the voice in the dark 
such short answer1 refusing to satisfy  
him1 as the question deserved1 and with 
responsive bluffness1 we left the man   
behind1 who1 it proved1 was bound to our
 inn4 ,we found our parlour filled with 
farmers1 who instantly became mum as we 
entered1 but their eyes suspiciously    
surveyed us4 ,it was near eleven        
o'clock1 so we retired to our           
double-bedded chamber1 which happened to
 be situated over the parlour4 ,the inn 

7whose owners were ultra ,welshly1      
speaking ,english very badly17 was well 
situated for holding a midnight council 
of 7,rebecca7 war1 being lonely1 at the 
confluence of two roads1 and this proved
 to be the nature of this late          
assemblage4 ,we were just in bed1       
7having secured the door as well as we  
could17 when we heard through the       
imperfect flooring a very animated melee
 of ,welsh tongues all astir at once1   
and ,i fancied ,i recognized the voice  
of the pious ,christian in the dark1 who
 had been moved by the spirit 7of       
religion of course7 to hint or betray   
his dissent from the ,saxon stranger's  
rebuke of perjury and murder-screening4 
,a few minutes after1 several hurried   
out1 and three or four discharges of    
guns followed in front of the house1 but
 nothing more4 ,i was pleased to think  
that the said house and windows were    
mine host's1 and not mine1 otherwise a  
little hail of shot might have followed 
the short thunder2 but as it was1       

nothing more than this warning bravado  
7as ,i imagine it to have been7         
occurred4  ,a great deal of solo        
spouting1 by orators in orderly         
succession1 went on till near two in the
 morning--,sunday4 ,at least1 falling   
asleep1 ,i left this little patriot     
parliament sitting1 and found it in full
 tongue on awaking at that hour4 ,i     
suppose this sitting in judgment on     
toll-houses 7and possibly other houses7 
of these anti-landlord committees1 are  
not breaches of the observance of the   
,sabbath4  ,on the whole1 we may remark1
 that neither ,poor-,law1 nor ,tory1 nor
 ,whig1 nor right rule1 nor misrule1 nor
 politics1 nor party1 had the slightest 
influence in this astounding moral      
revolution among an agricultural people4
 ,utterly false is almost all that the  
,london ,press broached and broaches1   
implicating ministers in the provocation
 of this outbreak4 ,twenty years of     
residence1 and leisure for observation  
among them1 allows me to positively deny

 that any feeling of discontent1 any    
sense of oppression1 any knowledge of   
,grievances1 now so pompously heading   
columns of twaddle--ever existed before 
the one daily1 weekly spur in their     
side1 goaded this simple people to a    
foolish mode of resistance to it4  ,why1
 not one in ten of the farmers has yet  
heard of ,sir ,robert ,peel's accession 
to office6 and ,i doubt if one in twenty
 knows whether they live under a ,whig  
or ,tory administration4 ,nor does one  
in a hundred care which1 or form one    
guess about their comparative merits4   
,the only idea they have of ,chartists1 
is a vague identification of them with  
rebels1 as they used to call all sorts  
of rioters1 not dreaming of their       
forming any party with definite views1  
unless that of seizing the good things  
of the earth1 and postponing1 sine die1 
the day of payment4  ,judge what chance 
the brawling apostles of ,chartism would
 have here among them1 especially under 
the difficulty of haranguing them       

through interpreters6  ,the ,poor-,law  
they certainly hate1 but from no pity   
for paupers4 ,the dislike arises from a 
wide spread belief1 that the host of    
officers attached to it swallows up     
great part of what they pay for the     
poor4 ,they grudged the poor-rate       
before1 even when their own overseer    
paid it away to poor old lame ,davy or  
blind ,gwinny2 but now that it reaches  
them by a more circuitous route1 and in 
the altered form of loaves or workhouse 
support1 they seem to lose sight of it1 
and fancy that it stops by the way1 in  
the pockets of these strange new        
middlemen1 as we may call them1 thrust  
in between the farmers and their poor   
and worn-out labourers4  ,the prevalence
 of the ,welsh language perpetuates the 
ignorance which is at the root of the   
mischief4 ,of their native writers1 ,i  
have given a specimen from the monthly  
magazine published at ,llanelly1 and the
 evil of these is uncorrected by        
,english information4  ,the work of     

mounting heavenward was1 we are told1   
defeated by a confusion of tongues--the 
advance of civilization 7which we may   
designate a progress toward a divine    
goal1 that of soul-exalting and         
soul-saving wisdom7 is as utterly       
prevented by this non-intercourse system
 between the civilized and the half     
civilized2 which1 with all deference to 
the ancient ,britons1 ,i must venture to
 consider them4 ,camden1 the antiquary1 
has preserved a tradition1 that certain 
,brittaines 7,britons7 going over into  
,armorica1 and taking wives from among  
the people of ,normandy1 did cut out    
their tongues1 through fear that1 when  
they should become mothers1 they might  
corrupt the ,welsh tongue of the        
children1 by teaching them that foreign 
language6 ,the love of their own tongue 
thus appears to be of very old standing1
 if we are to believe this agreeable    
proof of it4 ,i believe the extirpation 
of ,welsh1 as a spoken language1 would  
pioneer the way to knowledge1           

civilization1 and religion here1 of     
which last blessing there is a grievous 
lack1 judging from the morals of the    
people4     ,,adventures ,,in ,,texas4  
,,no4 ,,ii4  ,a ,,trial ,,by ,,jury4    
,when ,i recovered from my state of     
insensibility1 and once more opened my  
eyes1 ,i was lying on the bank of a     
small but deep river4 ,my horse was     
grazing quietly a few yards off1 and    
beside me stood a man with folded arms1 
holding a wicker-covered flask in his   
hand4 ,this was all ,i was able to      
observe2 for my state of weakness       
prevented me from getting up and looking
 around me4  ,where am ,i8 ,i gasped4   
,where are you1 stranger8 ,by the       
,jacinto2 and that you are by it1 and   
not in it1 is no fault of your'n1 ,i    
reckon4  ,there was something harsh and 
repulsive in the tone and manner in     
which these words were spoken1 and in   
the grating scornful laugh that         
accompanied them1 that jarred upon my   
nerves1 and inspired me with a feeling  

of aversion towards the speaker4 ,i knew
 that he was my deliverer2 that he had  
saved my life1 when my mustang1 raging  
with thirst1 had sprung head-foremost   
into the water2 that1 without him1 ,i   
must inevitably have been drowned1 even 
had the river been less deep than it    
was2 and that it was by his care1 and   
the whisky he had made me swallow1 and  
of which ,i still felt the flavour on my
 tongue1 that ,i had been recovered from
 the death-like swoon into which ,i had 
fallen4 ,but had he done ten times as   
much for me1 ,i could not have repressed
 the feeling of repugnance1 the         
inexplicable dislike1 with which the    
mere tones of his voice filled me4 ,i   
turned my head away in order not to see 
him4 ,there was a silence of some       
moments' duration4  ,don't seem as if my
 company was over and above agreeable1  
said the man at last4  ,your company not
 agreeable8 ,this is the fourth day     
since ,i saw the face of a human being4 
,during that time not a bit nor a drop  

has passed my tongue4  ,hallo6 ,that's a
 lie1 shouted the man with another      
strange wild laugh4 ,you've taken a     
mouthful out of my flask2 not taken it1 
certainly1 but it went over your tongue 
all the same4 ,where do you come from8  
,the beast ain't your'n4  ,mr ,neal's1  
answered ,i4  ,see it is by the brand4  
,but what brings you here from ,mr      
,neal's8 ,it's a good seventy mile to   
his plantation1 right across the        
prairie4 ,ain't stole the horse1 have   
you8  ,lost my way--four days--eaten    
nothing4  ,these words were all ,i could
 articulate4 ,i was too weak to talk4   
,four days without eatin'1 cried the    
man1 with a laugh like the sharpening of
 a saw1 and that in a ,texas prairie1   
and with islands on all sides of you6   
,ha6 ,i see how it is4 ,you're a        
gentleman--that's plain enough4 ,i was a
 sort of one myself once4 ,you thought  
our ,texas prairies was like the        
prairies in the ,states4 ,ha1 ha6 ,and  
so you didn't know how to help yourself4

 ,did you see no bees in the air1 no    
strawberries on the earth8  ,bees8      
,strawberries8 repeated ,i4  ,yes1 bees1
 which live in the hollow trees4 ,out of
 twenty trees there's sure to be one    
full of honey4 ,so you saw no bees1 eh8 
,perhaps you don't know the creturs when
 you see 'em4 ,ain't altogether so big  
as wild-geese or turkeys4 ,but you must 
know what strawberries are1 and that    
they don't grow upon the trees4  ,all   
this was spoken in the same sneering    
savage manner as before1 with the       
speaker's head half turned over his     
shoulder1 while his features were       
distorted into a contemptuous grin4     
,and if ,i had seen the bees1 how was ,i
 to get at the honey without an axe8    
,how did you lose yourself8  ,my        
mustang--ran away--  ,i see4 ,and you   
after him4 ,you'd have done better to   
let him run4 ,but what d'ye mean to do  
now8  ,i am weak--sick to death4 ,i wish
 to get to the nearest house--an        
inn--anywhere where men are4  ,where men

 are1 repeated the stranger1 with his   
scornful smile4 ,where men are1 he      
muttered again1 taking a few steps on   
one side4  ,i was hardly able to turn my
 head1 but there was something strange  
in the man's movement that alarmed me2  
and1 making a violent effort1 ,i changed
 my position sufficiently to get him in 
sight again4 ,he had drawn a long knife 
from his girdle1 which he clutched in   
one hand1 while he ran the fore finger  
of the other along its edge4 ,i now for 
the first time got a full view of his   
face1 and the impression it made upon me
 was any thing but favourable4 ,his     
countenance was the wildest ,i had ever 
seen2 his bloodshot eyes rolled like    
balls of fire in their sockets2 while   
his movements and manner were indicative
 of a violent inward struggle4 ,he did  
not stand still for three seconds       
together1 but paced backwards and       
forwards with hurried irregular steps1  
casting wild glances over his shoulder1 
his fingers playing all the while with  

the knife1 with the rapid and objectless
 movements of a maniac4  ,i felt        
convinced that ,i was the cause of the  
struggle visibly going on within him1   
that my life or death was what he was   
deciding upon4 ,but in the state ,i then
 was1 death had no terror for me4 ,the  
image of my mother1 sisters1 and father1
 passed before my eyes4 ,i gave one     
thought to my peaceful happy home1 and  
then looked upwards and prayed4  ,the   
man had walked off to some distance4 ,i 
turned myself a little more round1 and1 
as ,i did so1 ,i caught sight of the    
sane magnificent phenomenon which ,i had
 met with on the second day of my       
wanderings4 ,the colossal live oak rose 
in all its silvery splendour1 at the    
distance of a couple of miles4 ,whilst  
,i was gazing at it1 and reflecting on  
the strange ill luck that had made me   
pass within so short a distance of the  
river without finding it1 ,i saw my new 
acquaintance approach a neighbouring    
cluster of trees1 amongst which he      

disappeared4  ,after a short time ,i    
again perceived him coming towards me   
with a slow and staggering step4 ,as he 
drew near1 ,i had an opportunity of     
examining his whole appearance4 ,he was 
very tall and lean1 but large-boned1 and
 apparently of great strength4 ,his     
face1 which had not been shaved for     
several weeks1 was so tanned by sun and 
weather1 that he might have been taken  
for an ,indian1 had not the beard proved
 his claim to white blood4 ,but his eyes
 were what most struck me4 ,there was   
something so frightfully wild in their  
expression1 a look of terror and        
desperation1 like that of a man whom all
 the furies of hell were hunting and    
persecuting4 ,his hair hung in long     
ragged locks over his forehead1 cheeks1 
and neck1 and round his head was bound a
 handkerchief1 on which were several    
stains of a brownish black colour4      
,spots of the same kind were visible    
upon his leathern jacket1 breeches1 and 
mocassins2 they were evidently blood    

stains4 ,his hunting knife1 which was   
nearly two feet long1 with a rude wooden
 handle1 was now replaced in his girdle1
 but in its stead he held a ,kentucky   
rifle in his hand4  ,although ,i did my 
utmost to assume an indifferent         
countenance1 my features doubtless      
expressed something of the repugnance   
and horror with which the man inspired  
me4 ,he looked loweringly at me for a   
moment from under his shaggy eyebrows4  
,you don't seem to like the company     
you've got into1 said he4 ,do ,i look so
 very desperate1 then8 ,is it written so
 plainly on my face8  ,what should there
 be written upon your face8  ,what8     
,what8 ,fools and children ask them     
questions4  ,i will ask you none2 but as
 a ,christian1 as my countryman1 ,i     
beseech you----  ,christian6 interrupted
 he1 with a hollow laugh4 ,countryman6  
,he struck the but of his rifle hard    
upon the ground4 ,that is my            
countryman--my only friend6 he          
continued1 as he examined the flint and 

lock of his weapon4 ,that releases from 
all troubles2 that's a true friend4     
,pooh6 perhaps it'll release you        
too--put you to rest4  ,these last words
 were uttered aside1 and musingly4  ,put
 him to rest1 as well as---- ,pooh6 ,one
 more or less--,perhaps it would drive  
away that cursed spectre4  ,all this    
seemed to be spoken to his rifle4  ,will
 you swear not to betray me8 cried he to
 me4 ,else1 one touch----  ,as he spoke1
 he brought the gun to his shoulder1 the
 muzzle pointed full at my breast4  ,i  
felt no fear4 ,i am sure my pulse did   
not give a throb the more for this      
menace4 ,so deadly weak and helpless as 
,i lay1 it was unnecessary to shoot me4 
,the slightest blow from the but of the 
rifle would have driven the last faint  
spark of life out of my exhausted body4 
,i looked calmly1 indifferently even1   
into the muzzle of the piece4  ,if you  
can answer it to your ,god1 to your and 
my judge and creator1 do your will4  ,my
 words1 which from faintness ,i could   

scarcely render audible1 had1           
nevertheless1 a sudden and startling    
effect upon the man4 ,he trembled from  
head to foot1 let the but of his gun    
fall heavily to the ground1 and gazed at
 me with open mouth and staring eyes4   
,this one1 too1 comes with his ,god6    
muttered he4 ,god6 and your and my      
creator--and--judge4  ,he seemed hardly 
able to articulate these words1 which   
were uttered by gasps and efforts1 as   
though something had been choking him4  
,his and my--judge--groaned he again4   
,can there be a ,god1 a creator and     
judge8  ,as he stood thus muttering to  
himself1 his eyes suddenly became fixed1
 and his features horribly distorted4   
,do it not6 cried he1 in a shrill tone  
of horror1 that rang through my head4   
,it will bring no blessin' with it4 ,i  
am a dead man6 ,god be merciful to me6  
,my poor wife1 my poor children6  ,the  
rifle fell from his hands1 and he smote 
his breast and forehead in a paroxysm of
 the wildest fury4 ,it was frightful to 

behold the conscience-stricken wretch1  
stamping madly about1 and casting       
glances of terror behind him1 as though 
demons had been hunting him down4 ,the  
foam flew from his mouth1 and ,i        
expected each moment to see him fall to 
the ground in a fit of epilepsy4        
,gradually1 however1 he became more     
tranquil4  ,d'ye see nothin' in my face8
 said he in a hoarse whisper1 suddenly  
pausing close to where ,i lay4  ,what   
should ,i see8  ,he came yet nearer4    
,look well at me--through me1 if you    
can4 ,d'ye see nothin' now8  ,i see     
nothing1 replied ,i4  ,ah6 ,i           
understand1 you can see nothin'4 ,ain't 
in a spyin' humour1 ,i calkilate4 ,no1  
no1 that you ain't4 ,after four days and
 nights fastin'1 one loses the fancy for
 many things4 ,i've tried it for two    
days myself4 ,so1 you are weak and      
faint1 eh8 ,but ,i needn't ask that1 ,i 
reckon4 ,you look bad enough4 ,take     
another drop of whisky2 it'll strengthen
 you4 ,but wait till ,i mix it4  ,as he 

spoke1 he stepped down to the edge of   
the river1 and scooping up the water in 
the hollow of his hand1 filled his flask
 with it4 ,then returning to me1 he     
poured a little into my mouth4  ,even   
the bloodthirsty ,indian appears less of
 a savage when engaged in a             
compassionate act1 and the wild         
desperado ,i had fallen in with1 seemed 
softened and humanized by the service he
 was rendering me4 ,his voice sounded   
less harsh2 his manner was calmer and   
milder4  ,you wish to go to an inn8     
,for ,heaven's sake1 yes4 ,these four   
days ,i have tasted nothing but a bit of
 tobacco4  ,can you spare a bit of that8
  ,all ,i have4  ,i handed him my cigar 
case1 and the roll of dulcissimus4 ,he  
snatched the latter from me1 and bit    
into it with the furious eagerness of a 
wolf4  ,ah1 the right sort this6        
muttered he to himself4 ,ah1 young man1 
or old man--you're an old man1 ain't    
you8 ,how old are you8  ,two-and-twenty4
  ,he shook his head doubtingly4  ,can  

hardly believe that4 ,but four days in  
the prairie1 and nothin' to eat4 ,well1 
it may be so4 ,but1 stranger1 if ,i had 
had this bit of tobacco only ten days   
ago--,a bit of tobacco is worth a deal  
sometimes4 ,it might have saved a man's 
life6  ,again he groaned1 and his       
accents became wild and unnatural4  ,i  
say1 stranger6 cried he in a threatening
 tone4 ,i say6 ,d'ye see yonder live    
oak8 ,d'ye see it8 ,it's the ,patriarch1
 and a finer and mightier one you won't 
find in the prairies1 ,i reckon4 ,d'ye  
see it8  ,i do see it4  ,ah6 you see it1
 cried he fiercely4 ,and what is it to  
you8 ,what have you to do with the      
,patriarch1 or with what lies under it8 
,i reckon you had best not be too       
curious that way4 ,if you dare take a   
step under that tree4--,he swore an oath
 too horrible to be repeated4  ,there's 
a spectre there1 cried he2 a spectre    
that would fright you to death4 ,better 
keep away4  ,i will keep away1 replied  
,i4 ,i never thought of going near it4  

,all ,i want is to get to the nearest   
plantation or inn4  ,ah6 true1 man--the 
next inn4 ,i'll show you the way to it4 
,i will4  ,you will save my life by so  
doing1 said ,i1 and ,i shall be ever    
grateful to you as my deliverer4        
,deliverer6 repeated he1 with a wild    
laugh4 ,pooh6 ,if you knew what sort of 
a deliverer--,pooh6 ,what's the use of  
savin' a life1 when--yet ,i will--,i    
will save yours1 perhaps the cursed     
spectre will leave me then4 ,will you   
not8 ,will you not8 cried he1 suddenly  
changing his scornful mocking tones to  
those of entreaty and supplication1 and 
turning his face in the direction of the
 live oak4 ,again his wildness of manner
 returned1 and his eyes became fixed1 as
 he gazed for some moments at the       
gigantic tree4 ,then darting away1 he   
disappeared among the trees1 whence he  
had fetched his rifle1 and presently    
emerged again1 leading a ready saddled  
horse with him4 ,he called to me to     
mount mine1 but seeing that ,i was      

unable even to rise from the ground1 he 
stepped up to me1 and with the greatest 
ease lifted me into the saddle with one 
hand1 so light had ,i become during my  
long fast4 ,then taking the end of my   
lasso1 he got upon his own horse and set
 off1 leading my mustang after him4  ,we
 rode on for some time without          
exchanging a word4 ,my guide kept up a  
sort of muttered soliloquy2 but as ,i   
was full ten paces in his rear1 ,i could
 distinguish nothing of what he said4   
,at times he would raise his rifle to   
his shoulder then lower it again1 and   
speak to it1 sometimes caressingly1     
sometimes in anger4 ,more than once he  
turned his head1 and cast keen searching
 glances at me1 as though to see whether
 ,i were watching him or not4  ,we had  
ridden more than an hour1 and the       
strength which the whisky had given me  
was fast failing1 so that ,i expected   
each moment to fall from my horse1 when 
suddenly ,i caught sight of a kind of   
rude hedge1 and almost immediately      

afterwards the wall of a small          
blockhouse became visible4 ,a faint cry 
of joy escaped me1 and ,i endeavoured1  
but in vain1 to give my horse the spur4 
,my guide turned round1 fixed his wild  
eyes upon me1 and spoke in a threatening
 tone4  ,you are impatient1 man6        
impatient1 ,i see4 ,you think now1      
perhaps----  ,i am dying1 was all ,i    
could utter4 ,in fact1 my senses were   
leaving me from exhaustion1 and ,i      
really thought my last hour was come4   
,pooh6 dyin'6 ,one don't die so easy4   
,and yet--d----n6--it might be true4    
,he sprang off his horse1 and was just  
in time to catch me in his arms as ,i   
fell from the saddle4 ,a few drops of   
whisky1 however1 restored me to         
consciousness4 ,my guide replaced me    
upon my mustang1 and after passing      
through a potato ground1 a field of     
,indian corn1 and a small grove of      
peach-trees1 we found ourselves at the  
door of the blockhouse4  ,i was so      
utterly helpless1 that my strange       

companion was obliged to lift me off my 
horse1 and carry me into the dwelling4  
,he sat me down upon a bench1 passive   
and powerless as an infant4 ,strange to 
say1 however1 ,i was never better able  
to observe all that passed around me1   
than during the few hours of bodily     
debility that succeeded my immersion in 
the ,jacinto4 ,a blow with a reed would 
have knocked me off my seat1 but my     
mental faculties1 instead of            
participating in this weakness1 seemed  
sharpened to an unusual degree of       
acuteness4  ,the blockhouse in which we 
now were1 was of the poorest possible   
description2 a mere log hut1 consisting 
of one room1 that served as kitchen1    
sitting-room1 and bedchamber4 ,the door 
of rough planks swung heavily upon two  
hooks that fitted into iron rings1 and  
formed a clumsy substitute for hinges2 a
 wooden latch and heavy bar served to   
secure it2 windows1 properly speaking1  
there were none1 but in their stead a   
few holes covered with dirty oiled      

paper2 the floor was of clay1 stamped   
hard and dry in the middle of the hut1  
but out of which1 at the sides of the   
room1 a crop of rank grass was growing1 
a foot or more high4 ,in one corner     
stood a clumsy bedstead1 in another a   
sort of table or counter1 on which were 
half a dozen drinking glasses of various
 sizes and patterns4 ,the table         
consisted of four thick posts1 firmly   
planted in the ground1 and on which were
 nailed three boards that had apparently
 belonged to some chest or case1 for    
they were partly painted1 and there was 
a date1 and the three first letters of a
 word upon one of them4 ,a shelf fixed  
against the side of the hut supported an
 earthen pot or two1 and three or four  
bottles1 uncorked1 and apparently empty2
 and from some wooden pegs wedged in    
between the logs1 hung suspended a few  
articles of wearing apparel of no very  
cleanly aspect4  ,pacing up and down the
 hut with a kind of stealthy cat-like   
pace1 was an individual1 whose          

unprepossessing exterior was in good    
keeping with the wretched appearance of 
this ,texian shebeen house4 ,he was an  
undersized1 stooping figure1 red-haired1
 large mouthed1 and possessed of small1 
reddish1 pig's eyes1 which he seemed    
totally unable to raise from the ground1
 and the lowering1 hang-dog expression  
of which1 corresponded fully with the   
treacherous1 panther-like stealthiness  
of his step and movements4 ,without     
greeting us either by word or look1 this
 personage dived into a dark corner of  
his tenement1 brought out a full bottle1
 and placing it on the table beside the 
glasses1 resumed the monotonous sort of 
exercise in which he had been indulging 
on our entrance4  ,my guide and         
deliverer said nothing while the        
tavern-keeper was getting out the       
bottle1 although he seemed to watch all 
his movements with a keen and suspicious
 eye4 ,he now filled a large glass of   
spirits1 and tossed it off at a single  
draught4 ,when he had done this1 he     

spoke for the first time4  ,johnny6     
,johnny made no answer4  ,this gentleman
 has eaten nothing for four days4       
,indeed1 replied ,johnny1 without       
looking up1 or intermitting his         
sneaking1 restless walk from one corner 
of the room to the other4  ,i said four 
days1 d'ye hear8 ,four days4 ,bring him 
tea immediately1 strong tea1 and then   
make some good beef soup4 ,the tea must 
be ready directly1 the soup in an hour  
at farthest1 d'ye understand8 ,and then 
,i want some whisky for myself1 and a   
beefsteak and potatoes4 ,now1 tell all  
that to your ,sambo4  ,johnny did not   
seem to hear1 but continued his walk1   
creeping along with noiseless step1 and 
each time that he turned1 giving a sort 
of spring like a cat or a panther4      
,i've money1 ,johnny1 said my guide4    
,money1 man1 d'ye hear8 ,and so saying1 
he produced a tolerably full purse4     
,for the first time ,johnny raised his  
head1 gave an indefinable sort of glance
 at the purse1 and then springing       

forward1 fixed his small1 cunning eyes  
upon those of my guide1 while a smile of
 strange meaning spread over his        
repulsive features4  ,the two men stood 
for the space of a minute1 staring at   
each other1 without uttering a word4 ,an
 infernal grin distended ,johnny's      
coarse mouth from ear to ear4 ,my guide 
seemed to gasp for breath4  ,i've money1
 cried he at last1 striking the but of  
his rifle violently on the ground4 ,d'ye
 understand1 ,johnny8 ,money2 and a     
rifle too1 if needs be4  ,he stepped to 
the table and filled another glass of   
raw spirits1 which disappeared like the 
preceding one4 ,while he drank1 ,johnny 
stole out of the room so softly that my 
companion was only made aware of his    
departure by the noise of the wooden    
latch4 ,he then came up to me1 took me  
in his arms without saying a word1 and1 
carrying me to the bed1 laid me gently  
down upon it4  ,you make yourself at    
home1 snarled ,johnny1 who just then    
came in again4  ,always do that1 ,i     

reckon1 when ,i'm in a tavern1 answered 
my guide1 quietly pouring out and       
swallowing another glassful4 ,the       
gentleman shall have your bed to-day4   
,you and ,sambo may sleep in the pigsty4
 ,you have none though1 ,i believe8     
,bob6 screamed ,johnny furiously4       
,that's my name--,bob ,rock4  ,for the  
present1 hissed ,johnny1 with a sneer4  
,the same as yours is ,johnny ,down1    
replied ,bob in the same tone4 ,pooh6   
,johnny1 guess we know one another8     
,rayther calkilate we do1 replied       
,johnny through his teeth4  ,and have   
done many a day1 laughed ,bob4 ,you're  
the famous ,bob from ,sodoma in         
,georgia8  ,sodoma in ,alabama1 ,johnny4
 ,sodoma lies in ,alabama1 said ,bob1   
filling another glass4 ,don't you know  
that yet1 you who were above a year in  
,columbus1 doin' all sorts of dirty     
work8  ,better hold your tongue1 ,bob1  
said ,johnny1 with a dangerous look at  
me4  ,pooh6 ,don't mind him1 he won't   
talk1 ,i'll answer for it4 ,he's lost   

the taste for chatterin' in the ,jacinto
 prairie4 ,but ,sodoma1 continued ,bob1 
is in ,alabama1 man6 ,columbus in       
,georgia6 ,they are parted by the       
,chatahoochie4 ,ah6 that was a jolly    
life we led on the ,chatahoochie4 ,but  
nothin' lasts in this world1 as my old  
schoolmaster used to say4 ,pooh6        
,they've druv the ,injuns a step further
 over the ,mississippi now4 ,but it was 
a glorious life--warn't it8  ,again he  
filled his glass and drank4  ,the       
information ,i gathered from this       
conversation as to the previous life and
 habits of these two men1 had nothing in
 it very satisfactory or reassuring for 
me4 ,in the whole of the south-western  
states there was no place that could    
boast of being the resort of so many    
outlaws and bad characters as the town  
of ,sodoma4 ,it is situated1 or was     
situated1 at least1 a few years         
previously to the time ,i speak of1 in  
,alabama1 on ,indian ground1 and was the
 harbour of refuge for all the murderers

 and outcasts from the western and      
south-western parts of the ,union4      
,here1 under ,indian government1 they   
found shelter and security2 and         
frightful were the crimes and cruelties 
perpetrated at this place4 ,scarcely a  
day passed without an assassination1 not
 secretly committed but in broad        
sunlight4 ,bands of these wretches1     
armed with knives and rifles1 used to   
cross the ,chatahoochie1 and make       
inroads into ,columbus2 break into      
houses1 rob1 murder1 ill-treat women1   
and then return in triumph to their     
dens1 laden with booty1 and laughing at 
the laws4 ,it was useless to think of   
pursuing them1 or of obtaining justice1 
for they were on ,indian territory2 and 
many of the chiefs were in league with  
them4 ,at length ,general ,jackson and  
the government took it up4 ,the ,indians
 were driven over the ,mississippi1 the 
outlaws and murderers fled1 ,sodoma     
itself disappeared2 and1 released from  
its troublesome neighbours1 ,columbus is

 now as flourishing a state as any in   
the west4  ,the recollections of their  
former life and exploits seemed highly  
interesting to the two comrades2 and    
their communications became more and    
more confidential4 ,johnny filled       
himself a glass1 and the conversation   
soon increased in animation4 ,i could   
understand little of what they said1 for
 they spoke a sort of thieves' jargon4  
,after a time1 their voices sounded as a
 confused hum in my ears1 the objects in
 the room became gradually less         
distinct1 and ,i fell asleep4  ,i was   
roused1 not very gently1 by a mulatto   
woman1 who poured a spoonful of tea into
 my mouth before ,i had well opened my  
eyes4 ,she at first did not appear to be
 attending to me with any great degree  
of good-will2 but by the time she had   
given me half a dozen spoonsful her     
womanly sympathies began to be awakened1
 and her manner became kinder4 ,the tea 
did me an infinite deal of good1 and    
seemed to infuse new life into my veins4

 ,i finished the cup1 and the mulatto   
laid me down again on my pillow with far
 more gentleness than she had lifted me 
up4  ,gor6 ,gor6 cried she1 what poor   
young man6 ,berry weak4 ,him soon       
better4 ,one hour1 massa1 good soup4    
,soup6 ,what do you want with soup8     
grumbled ,johnny4  ,him take soup4 ,i   
cook it1 screamed the woman4  ,worse for
 you if she don't1 ,johnny1 said ,bob4  
,johnny muttered something in reply1 but
 ,i did not distinguish what it was1 for
 my eyes closed1 and ,i again fell      
asleep4  ,it seemed to me as if ,i had  
not been five minutes slumbering when   
the mulatto returned with the soup4 ,the
 tea had revived me1 but this gave me   
strength2 and when ,i had taken it ,i   
was able to sit up in my bed4  ,while   
the woman was feeding me1 ,bob was      
eating his beefsteak4 ,it was a piece of
 meat that might have sufficed for six  
persons1 but the man seemed as hungry as
 if he had eaten nothing for three days4
 ,he cut off wedges half as big as his  

fist1 swallowed them with ravenous      
eagerness1 and1 instead of bread1 bit   
into some unpeeled potatoes4 ,all this  
was washed down with glass after glass  
of raw spirits1 which had the effect of 
wakening him up1 and infusing a certain 
degree of cheerfulness into his strange 
humour4 ,he still spoke more to himself 
than to ,johnny1 but his recollections  
seemed agreeable2 he nodded             
self-approvingly1 and sometimes laughed 
aloud4 ,at last he began to abuse       
,johnny for being1 as he said1 such a   
sneaking1 cowardly fellow--such a       
treacherous1 false-hearted gallows-bird4
  ,it's true1 said he1 ,i am            
gallows-bird enough myself1 but then    
,i'm open1 and no man can say ,i'm      
a-fear'd2 but ,johnny1 ,johnny1 who---- 
,i do not know what he was about to say1
 for ,johnny sprang towards him1 and    
placed both hands over his mouth1       
receiving in return a blow that knocked 
him as far as the door1 through which he
 retreated1 cursing and grumbling4  ,i  

soon fell asleep again1 and whilst in   
that state ,i had a confused sort of    
consciousness of various noises in the  
room1 loud words1 blows1 and shouting4  
,wearied as ,i was1 however1 ,i believe 
no noise would have fully roused me1    
although hunger at last did4  ,when ,i  
opened my eyes ,i saw the mulatto woman 
sitting by my bed1 and keeping off the  
mosquitoes4 ,she brought me the         
remainder of the soup1 and promised1 if 
,i would sleep a couple of hours more1  
to bring me a beefsteak4 ,before the two
 hours had elapsed ,i awoke1 hungrier   
than ever4 ,after ,i had eaten all the  
beefsteak the woman would allow me1     
which was a very moderate quantity1 she 
brought me a beer-glass full of the most
 delicious punch ,i ever tasted4 ,i     
asked her where she had got the rum and 
lemons1 and she told me that it was she 
who had bought them1 as well as a stock 
of coffee and tea2 that ,johnny was her 
partner1 but that he had done nothing   
but build the house1 and badly built it 

was4 ,she then began to abuse ,johnny1  
and said he was a gambler2 and1 worse   
still1 that he had had plenty of money  
once1 but had lost it all2 that she had 
first known him in ,lower ,natchez1 but 
he had been obliged to run away from    
there in the night to save his neck4    
,bob was no better1 she said2 on the    
contrary--and here she made the gesture 
of cutting a man's throat--he was a very
 bad fellow1 she added4 ,he had got     
drunk after his dinner1 knocked ,johnny 
down1 and broken every thing4 ,he was   
now lying asleep outside the door2 and  
,johnny had hidden himself somewhere4   
,how long she continued speaking ,i know
 not1 for ,i again fell into a deep     
sleep1 which this time lasted six or    
seven hours4  ,i was awakened by a      
strong grasp laid upon my arm1 which    
made me cry out1 more1 however1 from    
surprise than pain4 ,bob stood by my    
bedside2 the traces of the preceding    
night's debauch plainly written on his  
haggard countenance4 ,his bloodshot eyes

 were inflamed and swollen1 and rolled  
with even more than their usual         
wildness2 his mouth was open1 and the   
jaws stiff and fixed2 he looked as if he
 had just come from committing some     
frightful deed4 ,i could fancy the first
 murderer to have worn such an aspect   
when gazing on the body of his          
slaughtered brother4 ,i shrank back1    
horror-struck at his appearance4  ,in   
,god's name1 man1 what do you want8  ,he
 made no answer4  ,you are in a fever4  
,you've the ague6  ,ay1 a fever1 groaned
 he1 shivering as he spoke2 a fever1 but
 not the one you mean2 a fever1 young   
man1 such as ,god keep you from ever    
having4  ,his whole frame shuddered     
while he uttered these words4 ,there was
 a short pause4  ,curious that1         
continued he2 ,i've served more than one
 in the same way1 but never thought of  
it afterwards--was forgotten in less    
than no time4 ,got to pay the whole     
score at once1 ,i suppose4 ,can't rest a
 minute4 ,in the open prairie it's the  

worst2 there stands the old man1 so     
plain1 with his silver beard1 and the   
spectre just behind him4  ,his eyes     
rolled1 he clenched his fists1 and1     
striking his forehead furiously1 rushed 
out of the hut4  ,in a few minutes he   
returned1 apparently more composed1 and 
walked straight up to my bed4           
,stranger1 you must do me a service1    
said he abruptly4  ,ten rather than one1
 replied ,i2 any thing that is in my    
power4 ,do ,i not owe you my life8      
,you're a gentleman1 ,i see1 and a      
,christian4 ,you must come with me to   
the squire--the ,alcalde4  ,to the      
,alcalde1 man6 ,what must ,i go there   
for8  ,you'll see and hear when you get 
there2 ,i've something to tell          
him--something for his own ear4  ,he    
drew a deep breath1 and remained silent 
for a short time1 gazing anxiously on   
all sides of him4  ,something1 whispered
 he1 that nobody else must hear4  ,but  
there's ,johnny there4 ,why not take    
him8  ,johnny6 cried he1 with a scornful

 laugh2 ,johnny6 who's ten times worse  
than ,i am1 bad as ,i be2 and bad ,i am 
to be sure1 but yet open and above      
board1 always1 till this time2 but      
,johnny6 he'd sell his own mother4 ,he's
 a cowardly1 sneakin'1 treacherous      
hound1 is ,johnny4  ,it was unnecessary 
to tell me this1 for ,johnny's character
 was written plainly enough upon his    
countenance4  ,but why do you want me to
 go to the ,alcalde8  ,why does one want
 people before the judge8 ,he's a judge1
 man2 a ,mexican one certainly1 but     
chosen by us ,americans2 and an         
,american himself1 as you and ,i are4   
,and how soon must ,i go8  ,directly4 ,i
 can't bear it any longer4 ,it leaves me
 no peace4 ,not an hour's rest have ,i  
had for the last eight days4 ,when ,i go
 out into the prairie1 the spectre      
stands before me and beckons me on1 and 
if ,i try to go another way1 he comes   
behind me and drives me before him under
 the ,patriarch4 ,i see him just as     
plainly as when he was alive1 only paler

 and sadder4 ,it seems as if ,i could   
touch him with my hand4 ,even the bottle
 is no use now2 neither rum1 nor whisky1
 nor brandy1 rid me of him2 it don't1 by
 the 'tarnel4--,curious that6 ,i got    
drunk yesterday--thought to get rid of  
him2 but he came in the night and drove 
me out4 ,i was obliged to go4 ,wouldn't 
let me sleep2 was forced to go under the
 ,patriarch4  ,under the ,patriarch8 the
 live oak8 cried ,i1 in                 
astonishment4--,were you there in the   
night8  ,ay1 that was ,i1 replied he1 in
 the same horribly confidential tone2   
and the spirit threatened me1 and said  
,i will leave you no peace1 ,bob1 till  
you go to the ,alcalde and tell him---- 
,then ,i will go with you to the        
,alcalde1 and that immediately1 said ,i1
 raising myself up in bed4 ,i could not 
help pitying the poor fellow from my    
very soul4  ,where are you going8       
croaked ,johnny1 who at this moment     
glided into the room4 ,not a step shall 
you stir till you've paid4  ,johnny1    

said ,bob1 seizing his less powerful    
companion by the shoulders1 lifting him 
up like a child1 and then setting him   
down again with such force1 that his    
knees cracked and bent under            
him2--,johnny1 this gentlemen is my     
guest1 d'ye understand8 ,and here is the
 reckonin'1 and mind yourself1          
,johnny--mind yourself1 that's all4     
,johnny crept into a corner like a      
flogged hound2 the mulatto woman1       
however1 did not seem disposed to be so 
easily intimidated4 ,sticking her arms  
in her sides1 she waddled boldly        
forward4  ,you not take him 'way1 ,massa
 ,bob81 screamed she4 ,him stop here4   
,him berry weak--not able for ride--not 
able for stand on him foot4  ,this was  
true enough4 ,strong as ,i had felt in  
bed1 ,i could hardly stand upright when 
,i got out of it4  ,for a moment ,bob   
seemed undecided1 but only for one      
moment2 then1 stepping up to the        
mulatto1 he lifted her1 fat and heavy as
 she was1 in the same manner as he had  

done her partner1 at least a foot from  
the ground1 and carried her screaming   
and struggling to the door1 which he    
kicked open4 ,then setting her down     
outside1 ,silence6 roared he1 and some  
good strong tea instead of your cursed  
chatter1 and a fresh beefsteak instead  
of your stinking carcass4 ,that will    
strengthen the gentleman2 so be quick   
about it1 you old brown-skinned beast1  
you6  ,i had slept in my clothes1 and my
 toilet was consequently soon made1 by  
the help of a bowl of water and towel1  
which ,bob made ,johnny bring1 and then 
ordered him to go and get our horses    
ready4  ,a hearty breakfast of tea1     
butter1 ,indian corn bread1 and steaks1 
increased my strength so much1 that ,i  
was able to mount my mustang4 ,i had    
still pains in all my limbs1 but we rode
 slowly2 the morning was bright1 the air
 fresh and elastic1 and ,i felt myself  
getting gradually better4 ,our path led 
through the prairie2 the river fringed  
with wood1 on the one hand2 the vast    

ocean of grass1 sprinkled with          
innumerable islands of trees1 on the    
other4 ,we saw abundance of game1 which 
sprang up under the very feet of our    
horses2 but although ,bob had his rifle1
 he made no use of it4 ,he muttered     
continually to himself1 and seemed to be
 arranging what he should say to the    
judge2 for ,i heard him talking of      
things which ,i would just as soon not  
have listened to1 if ,i could have      
helped it4 ,i was heartily glad when we 
at length reached the plantation of the 
,alcalde4  ,it seemed a very            
considerable one1 and the size and      
appearance of the framework house       
bespoke comfort and every luxury4 ,the  
building was surrounded by a group of   
,china trees1 which ,i should have      
thought about ten years of age1 but     
which ,i afterwards learned had not been
 planted half that time1 although they  
were already large enough to afford a   
very agreeable shade4 ,right in front of
 the house rose a live oak1 inferior in 

size to the one in the prairie1 but     
still of immense age and great beauty4  
,to the left was some two hundred acres 
of cotton fields1 extending to the bank 
of the ,jacinto1 which at this spot made
 a sharp turn1 and winding round the    
plantation1 enclosed it on three sides4 
,before the house lay the prairie1 with 
its archipelago of islands1 and herds of
 grazing cattle and mustangs2 to the    
right1 more cotton fields2 and in rear  
of the dwelling1 the negro cottages and 
out-buildings4 ,there was a             
,sabbath-like stillness pervading the   
whole scene1 which seemed to strike even
 ,bob4 ,he paused as though in deep     
thought1 and allowed his hand to rest   
for a moment on the handle of the       
lattice door4 ,then with a sudden and   
resolute jerk1 bespeaking an equally    
sudden resolution1 he pushed open the   
gate1 and we entered a garden planted   
with orange1 banana1 and citron trees1  
the path through which was enclosed     
between palisades1 and led to a sort of 

front court1 with another lattice-work  
door1 beside which hung a bell4 ,upon   
ringing this1 a negro appeared4  ,the   
black seemed to know ,bob very well1 for
 he nodded to him as to an old          
acquaintance1 and said the squire wanted
 him1 and had asked after him several   
times4 ,he then led the way to a large  
parlour1 very handsomely furnished for  
,texas1 and in which we found the       
squire1 or more properly speaking1 the  
,alcalde1 sitting smoking his cigar4 ,he
 had just breakfasted1 and the plates   
and dishes were still upon the table4   
,he did not appear to be much given to  
compliments or ceremony1 or to partake  
at all of the ,yankee failing of        
curiosity1 for he answered our          
salutation with a laconic good-morning1 
and scarcely even looked at us4 ,at the 
very first glance1 it was easy to see   
that he came from ,tennessee or         
,virginia1 the only provinces in which  
one finds men of his gigantic mould4    
,even sitting1 his head rose above those

 of the negro servants in waiting4 ,nor 
was his height alone remarkable2 he had 
the true ,west-,virginian build2 the    
enormous chest and shoulders1 and       
herculean limbs1 the massive features   
and sharp grey eyes2 altogether an      
exterior well calculated to impose on   
the rough backwoodsmen with whom he had 
to deal4  ,i was tired with my ride1 and
 took a chair4 ,the squire apparently   
did not deem me worthy of notice1 or    
else he reserved me for a later         
scrutiny2 but he fixed a long1 searching
 look upon ,bob1 who remained standing1 
with his head sunk on his breast4  ,the 
judge at last broke silence4  ,so here  
you are again1 ,bob4 ,it's long since   
we've seen you1 and ,i thought you had  
clean forgotten us4 ,well1 ,bob1 we     
shouldn't have broke our hearts1 ,i     
reckon2 for ,i hate gamblers--ay1 that  
,i do--worse than skunks4 ,it's a vile  
thing is play1 and has ruined many a man
 in this world1 and the next4 ,it's     
ruined you too1 ,bob4  ,bob said        

nothing4  ,you'd have been mighty useful
 here last week2 there was plenty for   
you to do4 ,my step-daughter arrived2   
but as you weren't to be found1 we had  
to send to ,joel to shoot us a buck and 
a couple of dozen snipes4 ,ah1 ,bob6 one
 might still make a good citizen of you1
 if you'd only leave off that cursed    
play6  ,bob still remained silent4  ,now
 go into the kitchen and get some       
breakfast4  ,bob neither answered nor   
moved4  ,d'ye hear8 ,go into the kitchen
 and get something to eat4 ,and1        
,ptoly--added he to the negro--tell     
,veny to give him a pint of rum4  ,don't
 want yer rum--ain't thirsty--growled   
,bob4  ,very like1 very like1 said the  
judge sharply4 ,reckon you've taken too 
much already4 ,look as if you could     
swallow a wild cat1 claws and all4 ,and 
you1 added he1 turning to me--,what the 
devil are you at1 ,ptoly8 ,don't you see
 the man wants his breakfast8 ,where's  
the coffee8 ,or would you rather have   
tea8  ,thank you1 ,alcalde1 ,i have     

breakfasted already4  ,don't look as if4
 ,ain't sick1 are you8 ,where do you    
come from8 ,what's happened to you8     
,what are you doing with ,bob8  ,he     
looked keenly and searchingly at me1 and
 then again at ,bob4 ,my appearance was 
certainly not very prepossessing1       
unshaven as ,i was1 and with my clothes 
and linen soiled and torn4 ,he was      
evidently considering what could be the 
motive of our visit1 and what had       
brought me into ,bob's society4 ,the    
result of his physiognomical            
observations did not appear very        
favourable either to me or my companion4
 ,i hastened to explain4  ,you shall    
hear how it was1 judge4 ,i am indebted  
to ,bob for my life4  ,your life6       
,indebted to ,bob for your life6        
repeated the judge1 shaking his head    
incredulously4  ,i related how ,i had   
lost my way in the prairie2 been carried
 into the ,jacinto by my horse2 and how 
,i should inevitably have been drowned  
but for ,bob's aid4  ,indeed6 said the  

judge1 when ,i had done speaking4 ,so1  
,bob saved your life6 ,well1 ,i am glad 
of it1 ,bob1 very glad of it4 ,ah6 if   
you could only keep away from that      
,johnny4 ,i tell you1 ,bob1 ,johnny will
 be the ruin of you4 ,better keep out of
 his way4  ,it's too late1 answered     
,bob4  ,don't know why it should be4    
,never too late to leave a debauched1   
sinful life2 never1 man6  ,calkilate it 
is1 though1 replied ,bob sullenly4  ,you
 calculate it is8 said the judge1 fixing
 his eyes on him4 ,and why do you       
calculate that8 ,take a glass--,ptoly1 a
 glass--and tell me1 man1 why should it 
be too late8  ,i ain't thirsty1 squire1 
said ,bob4  ,don't talk to me of your   
thirst2 rum's not for thirst1 but to    
strengthen the heart and nerves1 to     
drive away the blue devils4 ,and a good 
thing it is1 taken in moderation4  ,as  
he spoke he filled himself a glass1 and 
drank half of it off4 ,bob shook his    
head4  ,no rum for me1 squire4 ,i take  
no pleasure in it4 ,i've something on my

 mind too heavy for rum to wash away4   
,and what is that1 ,bob8 ,come1 let's   
hear what you've got to say4 ,or        
perhaps1 you'd rather speak to me alone4
 ,it's ,sunday to-day1 and no business  
ought to be done2 but for once1 and for 
you1 we'll make an exception4  ,i       
brought the gentleman with me on purpose
 to witness what ,i had to say1 answered
 ,bob1 taking a cigar out of a box that 
stood on the table1 and lighting it4 ,he
 smoked a whiff or two1 looked          
thoughtfully at the judge1 and then     
threw the cigar through the open window4
  ,it don't relish1 squire2 nothin' does
 now4  ,ah1 ,bob6 if you'd leave off    
play and drink6 ,they're your ruin2     
worse than ague or fever4  ,it's no use1
 continued ,bob1 as if he did not hear  
the judge's remark2 it must out4 ,i fo't
 agin it1 and thought to drive it away1 
but it can't be done4 ,i've put a bit of
 lead into several before now1 but this 
one----  ,what's that8 cried the judge1 
chucking his cigar away1 and looking    

sternly at ,bob4 ,what's up now8 ,what  
are you saying about a bit of lead8     
,none of your ,sodoma and ,lower        
,natchez tricks1 ,i hope8 ,they won't do
 here4 ,don't understand such jokes4    
,pooh6 they don't understand them a bit 
more in ,natchez4 ,if they did1 ,i      
shouldn't be in ,texas4  ,the less said 
of that the better1 ,bob4 ,you promised 
to lead a new life here2 so we won't    
rake up old stories4  ,i did1 ,i did6   
groaned ,bob2 but it's all no use4 ,i   
shall never be better till ,i'm hung4   
,i stared at the man in astonishment4   
,the judge1 however1 took another cigar1
 lighted it1 and1 after puffing out a   
cloud of smoke1 said1 very              
unconcernedly--  ,not better till you're
 hung6 ,what do you want to be hung for8
 ,to be sure1 you should have been long 
ago1 if the ,georgia and ,alabama papers
 don't lie4 ,but we are not in the      
,states here1 but in ,texas1 under      
,mexican laws4 ,it's nothing to us what 
you've done yonder4 ,where there is no  

accuser there can be no judge4  ,send   
away the nigger1 squire1 said ,bob4     
,what a free white man has to say1      
shouldn't be heard by black ears4  ,go  
away1 ,ptoly1 said the judge4 ,now1     
then1 added he1 turning to ,bob1 say    
what you have to say2 but mind1 nobody  
forces you to do it1 and it's only out  
of good will that ,i listen to you1 for 
to-day's ,sunday4  ,i know that1        
muttered ,bob2 ,i know that1 squire2 but
 it leaves me no peace1 and it must out4
 ,i've been to ,san ,felipe de ,austin1 
to ,anahuac1 every where1 but it's all  
no use4 ,wherever ,i go1 the spectre    
follows me1 and drives me back under the
 cursed ,patriarch4  ,under the         
,patriarch6 exclaimed the judge4  ,ay1  
under the ,patriarch6 groaned ,bob4     
,don't you know the ,patriarch2 the old 
live oak near the ford1 on the ,jacinto8
  ,i know1 ,i know6 answered the ,judge4
 ,and what drives you under the         
,patriarch8  ,what drives me8 ,what     
drives a man who--who----  ,a man       

who---- repeated the judge1 gently4  ,a 
man1 continued ,bob1 in the same low    
tone1 who has sent a rifle bullet into  
another's heart4 ,he lies there1 under  
the ,patriarch1 whom ,i----  ,whom you8 
asked the judge4  ,whom ,i killed6 said 
,bob1 in a hollow whisper4  ,killed6    
exclaimed the judge4 ,you killed him8   
,whom8  ,ah6 whom8 ,why don't you let me
 speak8 ,you always interrupt me with   
your palaver1 growled ,bob4  ,you are   
getting saucy1 ,bob1 said the judge     
impatiently4 ,go on1 however4 ,i reckon 
it's only one of your usual tantrums4   
,bob shook his head4 ,the judge looked  
keenly at him for a moment1 and then    
resumed in a sort of confidential1      
encouraging tone4  ,under the           
,patriarch2 and how did he come under   
the ,patriarch8  ,i dragged him there1  
and buried him there1 replied ,bob4     
,dragged him there6 ,why did you drag   
him there8  ,because he couldn't go     
himself1 with more than half an ounce of
 lead in his body4  ,and you put the    

half ounce of lead into him1 ,bob8      
,well1 if it was ,johnny1 you've done   
the country a service1 and saved it a   
rope4  ,bob shook his head negatively4  
,it wasn't ,johnny1 although---- ,but   
you shall hear all about it4 ,it's just 
ten days since you paid me twenty       
dollars fifty4  ,i did so1 ,bob2 twenty 
dollars fifty cents1 and ,i advised you 
at the same time to let the money lie   
till you had a couple of hundred        
dollars1 or enough to buy a quarter or  
an eighth of ,sitio land2 but advice is 
thrown away upon you4  ,when ,i got the 
money1 ,i thought ,i'd go down to ,san  
,felipe1 to the ,mexicans1 and try my   
luck2 and1 at the same time1 see the    
doctor about my fever4 ,as ,i was goin' 
there1 ,i passed near ,johnny's house1  
and fancied a glass1 but determined not 
to get off my horse4 ,i rode up to the  
window1 and looked in4 ,there was a man 
sittin' at the table1 havin' a hearty   
good dinner of steaks and potatoes1 and 
washin' it down with a stiff glass of   

grog4 ,i began to feel hungry myself1   
and while ,i was considerin' whether ,i 
should 'light or not1 ,johnny came      
sneakin' out1 and whispered to me to    
come in1 that there was a man inside    
with whom somethin' might be done if we 
went the right way to work2 a man who   
had a leather belt round his waist      
cram-full of hard ,jackson2 and that1 if
 we got out the cards and pretended to  
play a little together1 he would soon   
take the bait and join us4  ,i wasn't   
much inclined to do it1 continued ,bob2 
but ,johnny bothered me so to go in1    
that ,i got off my horse4 ,as ,i did so 
the dollars chinked in my pocket1 and   
the sound gave me a wish to play4  ,i   
went in2 and ,johnny fetched the whisky 
bottle4 ,one glass followed another4    
,there were beefsteaks and potatoes too1
 but ,i only eat a couple of mouthfuls4 
,when ,i had drank two1 three1 ay1 four 
glasses1 ,johnny brought the cards and  
dice4 ',hallo1 ,johnny6' says ,i2 'cards
 and dice1 ,johnny6 ,i've twenty dollars

 fifty in my pocket4 ,let's have a game6
 ,but no more drink for me2 for ,i know 
you1 ,johnny1 ,i know you'----  ,johnny 
larfed slyly1 and rattled the dice1 and 
we sat down to play4 ,i hadn't meant to 
drink any more1 but play makes one      
thirsty2 and with every glass ,i got    
more eager1 and my dollars got fewer4 ,i
 reckoned1 however1 that the stranger   
would join us1 and that ,i should be    
able to win back from him2 but not a bit
 of it3 he sat quite quiet1 and eat and 
drank as if he didn't see we were there4
 ,i went on playin' madder than ever1   
and before half an hour was over1 ,i was
 cleaned out2 my twenty dollars fifty   
gone to the devil1 or what's the same   
thing1 into ,johnny's pocket4  ,when ,i 
found myself without a cent1 ,i was mad1
 ,i reckon4 ,it warn't the first time1  
nor the hundredth1 that ,i had lost     
money4 ,many bigger sums than that--ay1 
hundreds and thousands of dollars had ,i
 played away--but they had none of them 
cost me the hundredth or thousandth part

 of the trouble to get that these twenty
 dollars fifty had2 two full months had 
,i been slavin' away in the woods and   
prairies to airn them1 and ,i caught the
 fever there4 ,the fever ,i had still1  
but no money to cure it with4 ,johnny   
only larfed in my face1 and rattled my  
dollars4 ,i made a hit at him1 which1 if
 he hadn't jumped on one side1 would    
have cured him of larfin' for a week or 
two4  ,presently1 however1 he came      
sneakin' up to me1 and winkin' and      
whisperin'2 and1 ',bob6' says he1 'is it
 come to that with you8 are you grown so
 chicken-hearted that you don't see the 
beltful of money round his body8' said  
he1 lookin' at it4 ',no end of hard     
coin1 ,i guess2 and all to be had for   
little more than half an ounce of lead4'
  ,did he say that8 asked the judge4    
,ay1 that did he1 but ,i wouldn't listen
 to him4 ,i was mad with him for winning
 my twenty dollars2 and ,i told him     
that1 if he wanted the stranger's purse1
 he might take it himself1 and be       

d----d2 that ,i wasn't goin' to pull the
 hot chestnuts out of the fire for him4 
,and ,i got on my horse1 and rode away  
like mad4  ,my head spun round like a   
mill4 ,i couldn't get over my loss4 ,i  
took the twenty dollars fifty more to   
heart than any money ,i had ever        
gambled4 ,i didn't know where to go4 ,i 
didn't dare go back to you1 for ,i knew 
you'd scold me4  ,i shouldn't have      
scolded you1 ,bob2 or1 if ,i had1 it    
would only have been for your good4 ,i  
should have summoned ,johnny before me1 
called together a jury of twelve of the 
neighbours1 got you back your twenty    
dollars fifty1 and sent ,johnny out of  
the country2 or1 better still1 out of   
the world4  ,these words were spoken    
with much phlegm1 but yet with a degree 
of feeling and sympathy1 which greatly  
improved my opinion of the worthy judge4
 ,bob also seemed touched4 ,he drew a   
deep sigh1 and gazed at the ,alcalde    
with a melancholy look4  ,it's too late1
 muttered he2 too late1 squire4         

,perhaps not1 replied the judge1 but    
let's hear the rest4  ,well1 continued  
,bob1 ,i kept riding on at random1 and  
when evenin' came ,i found myself near  
the palmetta field on the bank of the   
,jacinto4 ,as ,i was ridin' past it1 ,i 
heard all at once the tramp of a horse4 
,at that moment the queerest feelin' ,i 
ever had came over me2 a sort of cold   
shiverin' feel4 ,i forgot where ,i was2 
sight and hearin' left me2 ,i could only
 see two things1 my twenty dollars      
fifty1 and the well-filled belt of the  
stranger ,i had left at ,johnny's4 ,just
 then a voice called to me4  ',whence   
come1 countryman1 and whither going8' it
 said4  ',whence and whether1' answered 
,i1 as surly as could be2 'to the devil 
at a gallop1 and you'd better ride on   
and tell him ,i'm comin'4'  ',you can do
 the errand yourself1' answered the     
stranger larfin'2 'my road don't lie    
that way4'  ,as he spoke1 ,i looked     
round1 and saw1 what ,i was pretty sure 
of before1 that it was the man with the 

belt full of money4  ',ain't you the    
stranger ,i see'd in the inn yonder8'   
asked he4  ',and if ,i am1' says ,i2    
'what's that to you8'  ',nothin'1' said 
he2 'nothin'1 certainly4'  ',better ride
 on1' says ,i2 'and leave me quiet4'    
',will so1 stranger2 but you needn't    
take it so mighty onkind4 ,a word ain't 
a tomahawk1 ,i reckon1' said he4 ',but  
,i rayther expect your losin's at play  
ain't put you in a very church-goin'    
humour2 and1 if ,i was you1 ,i'd keep my
 dollars in my pocket1 and not set them 
on cards and dice4'  ,this put me in a  
rile to hear him cast my losin's in my  
teeth that way4  ',you're a nice        
feller1' said ,i1 'to throw a man's     
losses in his face4 ,a pitiful chap you 
are1' says ,i4  ,i thought to provoke   
him1 and that he'd tackle me4 ,but he   
seemed to have no fancy for a fight1 for
 he said quite humble like--  ',i throw 
nothin' in your face2 ,god forbid that  
,i should reproach you with your losses6
 ,i'm sorry for you1 on the contrary4   

,don't look like a man who can afford to
 lose his dollars4 ,seem to me one who  
airns his money by hard work4'  ,we were
 just then halted at the further end of 
the cane brake1 close to the trees that 
border the ,jacinto4 ,i had turned my   
horse1 and was frontin' the stranger4   
,and all the time the devil was busy    
whisperin' to me1 and pointin' to the   
belt round the man's waist4 ,i could see
 where it was1 plain enough1 though he  
had buttoned his coat over it4  ',hard  
work1 indeed1' says ,i2 'and now ,i've  
lost every thing2 not a cent left for a 
quid of baccy4'  ',if that's all1' says 
he2 'there's help for that4 ,i don't    
chew myself1 and ,i ain't a rich man2   
,i've wife and children1 and want every 
cent ,i've got1 but it's one's duty to  
help a countryman4 ,you shall have money
 for tobacco and a dram4'  ,and so      
sayin'1 he took a purse out of his      
pocket1 in which he carried his change4 
,it was plenty full2 there may have been
 some twenty dollars in it2 and as he   

drew the string1 it was as if the devil 
laughed and nodded to me out of the     
openin' of the purse4  ',halves6' cried 
,i4  ',no1 not that1' says he2 ',i've   
wife and child1 and what ,i have belongs
 to them2 but half a dollar'----        
',halves6' cried ,i again2 'or else'----
  ',or else8' repeated he3 and1 as he   
spoke1 he put the purse back into his   
pocket1 and laid hold of the rifle which
 was slung on his shoulder4  ',don't    
force one to do you a mischief1' said   
he4 ',don't' says he2 'we might both be 
sorry for it4 ,what you're thinkin' of  
brings no blessin'4'  ,i was past seein'
 or hearin'4 ,a thousand devils from    
hell were possessin' me4  ',halves6' ,i 
yelled out2 and1 as ,i said the word1 he
 sprang out of the saddle1 and fell back
 over his horse's crupper to the ground4
  ',i'm a dead man6' cried he2 as well  
as the rattle in his throat would let   
him4 ',god be merciful to me6 ,my poor  
wife1 my poor children6'  ,bob paused2  
he gasped for breath1 and the sweat     

stood in large drops upon his forehead4 
,he gazed wildly round the room4 ,the   
judge himself looked very pale4 ,i tried
 to rise1 but sank back in my chair4    
,without the table ,i believe ,i should 
have fallen to the ground4  ,there was a
 gloomy pause of some moments' duration4
 ,at last the judge broke silence4  ,a  
hard1 hard case6 said he4 ,father1      
mother1 children1 all at one blow4 ,bob1
 you are a bad fellow2 a very bad       
fellow2 a great villain6  ,a great      
villain1 groaned ,bob4 ,the ball was    
gone right through his breast4  ,perhaps
 your gun went off by accident1 said the
 judge anxiously4 ,perhaps it was his   
own ball4  ,bob shook his head4  ,i see 
him now1 judge1 as plain as can be1 when
 he said1 ',don't force me to do you a  
mischief4 ,we might both be sorry for   
it4' ,but ,i pulled the trigger4 ,his   
bullet is still in his rifle4  ,when ,i 
saw him lie dead before me1 ,i can't    
tell you what ,i felt4 ,it warn't the   
first ,i had sent to his account2 but   

yet ,i would have given all the purses  
and money in the world to have had him  
alive agin4 ,i must have dragged him    
under the ,patriarch1 and dug a grave   
with my huntin' knife2 for ,i found him 
there afterwards4  ,you found him there8
 repeated the judge4  ,yes4 ,i don't    
know how he came there4 ,i must have    
brought him1 but ,i recollect nothin'   
about it4  ,the judge had risen from his
 chair1 and was walking up and down the 
room1 apparently in deep thought4       
,suddenly he stopped short4  ,what have 
you done with his money8  ,i took his   
purse1 but buried his belt with him1 as 
well as a flask of rum1 and some bread  
and beef he had brought away from       
,johnny's4 ,i set out for ,san ,felipe1 
and rode the whole day4 ,in the evenin'1
 when ,i looked about me1 expectin' to  
see the town1 where do you think ,i was8
  ,the judge and ,i stared at him4      
,under the ,patriarch4 ,the ghost of the
 murdered man had driven me there4 ,i   
had no peace till ,i'd dug him up and   

buried him again4 ,next day ,i set off  
in another direction4 ,i was out of     
tobacco1 and ,i started across the      
prairie to ,anahuac4 ,lord1 what a day  
,i passed6 ,wherever ,i went1 he stood  
before me4 ,if ,i turned1 he turned too4
 ,sometimes he came behind me1 and      
looked over my shoulder4 ,i spurred my  
mustang till the blood came1 hopin' to  
get away from him1 but it was all no    
use4 ,i thought when ,i got to ,anahuac 
,i should be quit of him1 and ,i        
galloped on as if for life or death4    
,but in the evenin'1 instead of bein'   
close to the salt-works as ,i expected1 
there ,i was agin1 under the ,patriarch4
 ,i dug him up a second time1 and sat   
and stared at him1 and then buried him  
agin4  ,queer that1 observed the judge4 
,ay1 very queer6 said ,bob mournfully4  
,but it's all no use4 ,nothin' does me  
any good4 ,i sha'n't be better--,i shall
 never have peace till ,i'm hung4  ,bob 
evidently felt relieved now1 he had in a
 manner passed sentence on himself4     

,strange as it may appear1 ,i had a     
similar feeling1 and could not help     
nodding my head approvingly4 ,the judge 
alone preserved an unmoved countenance4 
,indeed6 said he1 indeed6 ,you think    
you'll be no better till you're hung4   
,yes1 answered ,bob1 with eager haste4  
,hung on the same tree under which he   
lies buried4  ,well1 if you will have it
 so1 we'll see what can be done for you4
 ,we'll call a jury of the neighbours   
together to-morrow4  ,thank ye1 squire1 
murmured ,bob1 visibly comforted by this
 promise4  ,we'll summon a jury1        
repeated the ,alcalde1 and see what can 
be done for you4 ,you'll perhaps have   
changed your mind by that time4  ,i     
stared at him like one fallen from the  
clouds1 but he did not seem to notice my
 surprise4  ,there is1 perhaps1 another 
way to get rid of your life1 if you are 
tired of it1 he continued4 ,we might1   
perhaps1 hit upon one that would satisfy
 your conscience4  ,bob shook his head4 
,i involuntarily made the same movement4

  ,at any rate1 we'll hear what the     
neighbours say1 added the judge4  ,bob  
stepped up to the judge1 and held out   
his hand to bid him farewell4 ,the other
 did not take it1 and turning to me1    
said--,you had better stop here1 ,i     
think4  ,bob turned round impetuously4  
,the gentleman must come with me4  ,why 
must he8 said the judge4  ,ask himself4 
,i again explained the obligations ,i   
was under to ,bob2 how we had fallen in 
with one another1 and what care and     
attention he had shown me at ,johnny's4 
,the judge nodded approvingly4          
,nevertheless1 said he1 you will remain 
here1 and ,bob will go alone4 ,you are  
in a state of mind1 ,bob1 in which a man
 is better alone1 d'ye see2 and so leave
 the young man here4 ,another misfortune
 might happen2 and1 at any rate1 he's   
better here than at ,johnny's4 ,come    
back to-morrow1 and we'll see what can  
be done for you4  ,these words were     
spoken in a decided manner1 which seemed
 to have its effect upon ,bob4 ,he      

nodded assentingly1 and left the room4  
,i remained staring at the judge1 and   
lost in wonder at these strange         
proceedings4  ,when ,bob was gone1 the  
,alcalde gave a blast on a shell1 which 
supplied the place of a bell4 ,then     
seizing the cigar box1 he tried one     
cigar after another1 broke them         
peevishly up1 and threw the pieces out  
of the window4 ,the negro whom the shell
 had summoned1 stood for some time      
waiting1 while his master broke up the  
cigars1 and threw them away4 ,at last   
the judge's patience seemed quite to    
leave him4  ,hark ye1 ,ptoly6 growled he
 to the frightened black1 the next time 
you bring me cigars that neither draw   
nor smoke1 ,i'll make your back smoke   
for it4 ,mind that1 now2--there's not a 
single one of them worth a rotten maize 
stalk4 ,tell that old coffee-coloured   
hag of ,johnny's1 that ,i'll have no    
more of her cigars4 ,ride over to ,mr   
,ducie's and fetch a box4 ,and1 d'ye    
hear8 ,tell him ,i want to speak a word 

with him and the neighbours4 ,ask him to
 bring the neighbours with him to-morrow
 morning4 ,and mind you're home again by
 two o'clock4 ,take the mustang we      
caught last week4 ,i want to see how he 
goes4  ,the negro listened to these     
various commands with open mouth and    
staring eyes1 then giving a perplexed   
look at his master1 shot out of the     
room4  ,where away1 ,ptoly8 shouted the 
,alcalde after him4  ,to ,massa ,ducie4 
,without a pass1 ,ptoly8 ,and what are  
you going to say to ,mr ,ducie8  ,him   
nebber send bad cigar again1 him        
coffee-cullud hag4 ,massa speak to      
,johnny and neighbours4 ,johnny bring   
neighbours here4  ,i thought as much1   
said the judge with perfect equanimity4 
,wait a minute1 ,i'll write the pass1   
and a couple of lines for ,mr ,ducie4   
,this was soon done1 and the negro      
dispatched on his errand4 ,the judge    
waited till he heard the sound of his   
horse's feet galloping away1 and then1  
laying hold of the box of despised      

cigars1 lit the first which came to     
hand4 ,it smoked capitally1 as did also 
one that ,i took4 ,they were ,principes1
 and as good as ,i ever tasted4  ,i     
passed the whole of that day tete a tete
 with the judge1 who1 ,i soon found1    
knew various friends of mine in the     
,states4 ,i told him the circumstances  
under which ,i had come to ,texas1 and  
the intention ,i had of settling there1 
should ,i find the country to my liking4
 ,during our long conversation1 ,i was  
able to form a very different1 and much 
more favourable estimate of his         
character1 than ,i had done from his    
interview with ,bob4 ,he was the very   
man to be useful to a new country2 of   
great energy1 sound judgment1 enlarged  
and liberal views4 ,he gave me some     
curious information as to the state of  
things in ,texas2 and did not think it  
necessary to conceal from me1 as an     
,american1 and one who intended settling
 in the country1 that there was a plan  
in agitation for throwing off the       

,mexican yoke1 and declaring ,texas an  
independent republic4 ,the              
high-spirited1 and1 for the most part1  
intelligent emigrants from the ,united  
,states1 who formed a very large        
majority of the population of ,texas1   
saw themselves1 with no very patient    
feeling1 under the rule of a people both
 morally and physically inferior to     
themselves4 ,they looked with contempt1 
and justly so1 on the bigoted1 idle1 and
 ignorant ,mexicans1 while the          
difference of religion1 and interference
 of the priests1 served to increase the 
dislike between the ,spanish and        
,anglo-,american races4  ,although the  
project was as yet not quite ripe for   
execution1 it was discussed freely and  
openly by the ,american settlers4 ,it is
 the interest of every man to keep it   
secret1 said the judge2 and there can be
 nothing to induce even the worst       
amongst us to betray a cause1 by the    
success of which he is sure to profit4  
,we have many bad characters in ,texas1 

the offscourings of the ,united ,states1
 men like ,bob1 or far worse than him2  
but debauched1 gambling1 drunken        
villains though they be1 they are the   
men we want when it comes to a struggle2
 and when that time arrives1 they will  
all be found ready to put their         
shoulders to the wheel1 use knife and   
rifle1 and shed the last drop of their  
blood in defence of their fellow        
citizens1 and of the new and independent
 republic of ,texas4 ,at this moment1 we
 must wink at many things which would be
 severely punished in an older and more 
settled country2 each man's arm is of   
immense value to the ,state2 for1 on the
 day of battle1 we shall have1 not two  
to one1 but twenty to one opposed to us4
  ,i was awakened the following morning 
by the sound of a horse's feet2 and1    
looking out of the window1 saw ,bob     
dismounting from his mustang4 ,the last 
twenty-four hours had told fearfully    
upon him4 ,his limbs seemed powerless1  
and he reeled and staggered in such a   

manner1 that ,i at first thought him    
intoxicated4 ,but such was not the case4
 ,his was the deadly weariness caused by
 mental anguish4 ,he looked like one    
just taken off the rack4  ,hastily      
pulling on my clothes1 ,i hurried down  
stairs1 and opened the house door4 ,bob 
stood with his head resting on his      
horse's neck1 and his hands crossed1    
shivering1 and groaning4 ,when ,i spoke 
to him1 he looked up1 but did not seem  
to know me4 ,i tied his horse to a post1
 and taking his hand1 led him into the  
house4 ,he followed like a child1       
apparently without the will or the power
 to resist2 and when ,i placed him in a 
chair1 he fell into it with a weight    
that made it crack under him1 and shook 
the house4 ,i could not get him to      
speak1 and was about to return to my    
room to complete my toilet1 when ,i     
again heard the tramp of mustangs4 ,this
 was a party of half a dozen horsemen1  
all dressed in hunting shirts over      
buckskin breeches and jackets1 and armed

 with rifles and bowie-knives2 stout1   
daring looking fellows1 evidently from  
the south-western states1 with the true 
,kentucky half horse half alligator     
profile1 and the usual allowance of     
thunder1 lightning1 and earthquake4 ,it 
struck me when ,i saw them1 that two or 
three thousand such men would have small
 difficulty in dealing with a whole army
 of ,mexicans1 if the latter were all of
 the pigmy1 spindle-shanked breed ,i had
 seen on first landing4 ,these giants   
could easily have walked away with a    
,mexican in each hand4  ,they jumped off
 their horses1 and threw the bridles to 
the negroes in the usual ,kentuckian    
devil-may-care style1 and then walked   
into the house with the air of people   
who make themselves at home every where1
 and who knew themselves to be more     
masters in ,texas than the ,mexicans    
themselves4 ,on entering the parlour1   
they nodded a good-morning to me1 rather
 coldly to be sure1 for they had seen me
 talking with ,bob1 which probably did  

not much recommend me4 ,presently1 four 
more horsemen rode up1 and then a third 
party1 so that there were now fourteen  
of them assembled1 all decided-looking  
men1 in the prime of life and strength4 
,the judge1 who slept in an adjoining   
room1 had been awakened by the noise4 ,i
 heard him jump out of bed1 and not     
three minutes elapsed before he entered 
the parlour4  ,after he had shaken hands
 with all his visitors1 he presented me 
to them1 and ,i found that ,i was in the
 presence of no less important persons  
than the ,ayuntamiento of ,san ,felipe  
de ,austin2 and that two of my worthy   
countrymen were corregidors1 one a      
procurador1 and the others buenos       
hombres1 or freeholders4 ,they did not  
seem1 however1 to prize their titles    
much1 for they addressed one another by 
their surnames only4  ,the negro brought
 a light1 opened the cigar box1 and     
arranged the chairs2 the judge pointed  
to the sideboard1 and to the cigars1 and
 then sat down4 ,some took a dram1      

others lit a cigar4  ,several minutes   
elapsed1 during which the men sat in    
perfect silence1 as if they were        
collecting their thoughts1 or1 as though
 it were undignified to show any haste  
or impatience to speak4 ,this grave sort
 of deliberation which is met with among
 certain classes1 and in certain        
provinces of the ,union1 has often      
struck me as a curious feature of our   
national character4 ,it partakes of the 
stoical dignity of the ,indian at his   
council fire1 and of the stern1         
religious gravity of the early puritan  
settlers in ,america4  ,during this     
pause ,bob was writhing on his chair    
like a worm1 his face concealed by his  
hands1 his elbows on his knees4 ,at     
last1 when all had drank and smoked1 the
 judge laid down his cigar4  ,men6 said 
he4  ,squire6 answered they4  ,we've a  
business before us1 which ,i calculate  
will be best explained by him whom it   
concerns4  ,the men looked at the       
squire1 then at ,bob1 then at me4  ,bob 

,rock6 or whatever your name may be1 if 
you have aught to say1 say it6 continued
 the judge4  ,said it all yesterday1    
muttered ,bob1 his face still covered by
 his hands4  ,yes1 but you must say it  
again to-day4 ,yesterday was ,sunday1   
and ,sunday is a day of rest1 and not of
 business4 ,i will neither judge you1   
nor allow you to be judged1 by what you 
said yesterday4 ,besides1 it was all    
between ourselves1 for ,i don't reckon  
,mr ,rivers as any thing2 ,i count him  
still as a stranger4  ,what's the use of
 so much palaver1 when the thing's plain
 enough8 said ,bob peevishly1 raising   
his head as he spoke4  ,the men stared  
at him in grave astonishment4 ,he was   
really frightful to behold1 his face of 
a sort of blue tint2 his cheeks hollow1 
his beard wild and ragged2 his          
blood-shot eyes rolling1 and deep sunk  
in their sockets4 ,his appearance was   
scarcely human4  ,i tell you1 again1    
said the judge1 ,i will condemn no man  
upon his own word alone2 much less you1 

who have been in my service1 and eaten  
of my bread4 ,you accused yourself      
yesterday1 but you were delirious at the
 time--you had the fever upon you4      
,it's no use1 squire1 said ,bob1        
apparently touched by the kindness of   
the judge1 ,you mean well1 ,i see2 butt 
though you might deliver me out of men's
 hands1 you couldn't rescue me from     
myself4 ,it's no use--,i must be        
hung--hung on the same tree under which 
the man ,i killed lies buried4  ,the    
men1 or the jurors1 as ,i may call them1
 looked at one another1 but said        
nothing4  ,it's no use1 again cried     
,bob1 in a shrill1 agonized tone4 ,if he
 had attacked me1 or only threatened me2
 but no1 he didn't do it4 ,i hear his   
words still1 when he said1 ',do it not1 
man6 ,i've wife and child4 ,what you    
intend1 brings no blessin' on the doer4'
 ,but ,i heard nothin' then except the  
voice of the devil2 ,i brought the rifle
 down--levelled--fired4  ,the man's     
agony was so intense1 that even the iron

 featured jury seemed moved by it4 ,they
 cast sharp1 but stolen glances at ,bob4
 ,there was a short silence4  ,so you   
have killed a man8 said a deep bass     
voice at last4  ,ay1 that have ,i6      
gasped ,bob4  ,and how came that8       
continued his questioner4  ,how it came8
 ,you must ask the devil1 or ,johnny4   
,no1 not ,johnny1 he can tell you       
nothing2 he was not there4 ,no one can  
tell you but me2 and ,i hardly know how 
it was4 ,the man was at ,johnny's1 and  
,johnny showed me his belt full of      
money4  ,johnny6 exclaimed several of   
the jury4  ,ay1 ,johnny6 ,he reckoned on
 winning it from him1 but the man was   
too cautious for that2 and when ,johnny 
had plucked all my feathers1 won my     
twenty dollars fifty----  ,twenty       
dollars fifty cents1 interposed the     
judge1 which ,i paid him for catching   
mustangs and shooting game4  ,the men   
nodded4  ,and then because he wouldn't  
play1 you shot him8 asked the same      
deep-toned voice as before4  ,no--some  

hours after--by the ,jacinto1 near the  
,patriarch--met him down there and      
killed him4  ,thought there was         
something out o' the common thereaway1  
said one of the jury2 for as we rode by 
the tree a whole nation of kites and    
turkey buzzards flew out4 ,didn't they1 
,mr ,heart8  ,mr ,heart nodded4  ,met   
him by the river1 and cried1 halves of  
his money1 continued ,bob mechanically4 
,he said he'd give me something to buy a
 quid1 and more than enough for that1   
but not halves ',i've wife and child1'  
said he----  ,and you8 asked the juror  
with the deep voice1 which this time1   
however1 had a hollow sound in it4      
,shot him down1 said ,bob1 with a wild  
hoarse laugh4  ,for some time no word   
was spoken4  ,and who was the man8 said 
a juror at last4  ,didn't ask him2 and  
it warn't written on his face4 ,he was  
from the ,states2 but whether a hosier1 
or a buckeye1 or a mudhead1 is more than
 ,i can say4  ,the thing must be        
investigated1 ,alcalde1 said another of 

the jury after a second pause4  ,it must
 so1 answered the ,alcalde4  ,what's the
 good of so much investigation8 grumbled
 ,bob4  ,what good8 repeated the        
,alcalde4 ,because we owe it to         
ourselves1 to the dead man1 and to you1 
not to sentence you without having held 
an inquest on the body4 ,there's another
 thing which ,i must call your attention
 to1 continued he1 turning to the jury2 
the man is half out of his mind--not    
compos mentis1 as they say4 ,he's got   
the fever1 and had it when he did the   
deed2 he was urged on by ,johnny1 and   
maddened by his losses at play4 ,in     
spite of his wild excitement1 however1  
he saved that gentleman's life yonder1  
,mr ,edward ,nathanael ,rivers4  ,did he
 so8 said one of the jury4 ,that did he1
 replied ,i1 not only by saving me from 
drowning when my horse dragged me1 half 
dead and helpless1 into the river1 but  
also by the care and attention he forced
 ,johnny and his mulatto to bestow upon 
me4 ,without him ,i should not be alive 

at this moment4  ,bob gave me a look    
which went to my heart4 ,the tears were 
standing in his eyes4 ,the jury heard me
 in deep silence4  ,it seems that       
,johnny led you on and excited you to   
this8 said one of the jurors4  ,i didn't
 say that4 ,i only said that he pointed 
to the man's money bag1 and said----    
,but what is it to you what ,johnny     
said8 ,i'm the man who did it4 ,i speak 
for myself1 and ,i'll be hanged for     
myself4  ,all very good1 ,bob1          
interposed the ,alcalde2 but we can't   
hang you without being sure you deserve 
it4 ,what do you say to it1 ,mr ,whyte8 
,you're the procurador--and you1 ,mr    
,heart and ,mr ,stone8 ,help yourselves 
to rum or brandy2 and1 ,mr ,bright and  
,irwin1 take another cigar4 ,they're    
considerable tolerable the cigars--ain't
 they8 ,that's brandy1 ,mr ,whyte1 in   
the diamond bottle4  ,mr ,whyte had got 
up to give his opinion1 as ,i thought1  
but ,i was mistaken4 ,he stepped to the 
sideboard1 took up a bottle in one hand 

and a glass in the other1 every movement
 being performed with the greatest      
deliberation4  ,well1 squire1 said he1  
or rather ,alcalde----  ,after the word 
,alcalde1 he filled the glass half full 
of rum4  ,if it's as we've heard1 added 
he1 pouring about a spoonful of water on
 the rum1 and ,bob has killed the       
man--he continued1 throwing in some     
lumps of sugar--murdered him--he went   
on1 crushing the sugar with a wooden    
stamp--,i rather calkilate--here he     
raised the glass--,bob ought to be hung1
 he concluded1 putting the tumbler to   
his mouth and emptying it4  ,the jurors 
nodded in silence4 ,bob drew a deep     
breath1 as if a load were taken off his 
breast4  ,well1 said the judge1 who did 
not look over well pleased2 if you all  
think so1 and ,bob is agreed1 ,i        
calculate we must do as he wishes4 ,i   
tell you1 though1 ,i don't do it        
willingly4 ,at any rate we must find the
 dead man first1 and examine ,johnny4   
,we owe that to ourselves and to ,bob4  

,certainly1 said the jury with one      
voice4  ,you are a dreadful murderer1   
,bob a very considerable one1 continued 
the judge2 but ,i tell you to your face1
 and not to flatter you1 there is more  
good in your little finger than in      
,johnny's whole hide4 ,and ,i'm sorry   
for you1 because1 at the bottom1 you are
 not a bad man1 though you've been led  
away by bad company and example4 ,i     
calculate you might still be reformed1  
and made very useful--more so1 perhaps1 
than you think4 ,your rifle's a capital 
good one4  ,at these last words the men 
all looked up1 and threw a keen         
enquiring glance at ,bob4  ,you might be
 of great service1 continued the judge  
encouragingly1 to the country and to    
your fellow-citizens4 ,you're worth a   
dozen ,mexicans any day4  ,while the    
judge was speaking1 ,bob let his head   
fall on his breast1 and seemed          
reflecting4 ,he now looked up4  ,i      
understand1 squire2 ,i see what you're  
drivin' at4 ,but ,i can't do it--,i     

can't wait so long4 ,my life's a burthen
 and a sufferin' to me4 ,wherever ,i go1
 by day or by night1 he's always there1 
standin' before me1 and drivin' me under
 the ,patriarch4  ,there was a pause of 
some duration4 ,the ,judge resumed4  ,so
 be it1 then1 said he with a sort of    
suppressed sigh4 ,we'll see the body    
to-day1 ,bob1 and you may come to-morrow
 at ten o'clock4  ,couldn't it be       
sooner8 asked ,bob impatiently4  ,why   
sooner8 ,are you in such a hurry8 asked 
,mr ,heart4  ,what's the use of         
palaverin'8 said ,bob sulkily4 ,i told  
you already ,i'm sick of my life4 ,if   
you don't come till ten o'clock1 by the 
time you've had your talk out and ridden
 to the ,patriarch1 the fever'll be upon
 me4  ,but we can't be flying about like
 a parcel of wild geese1 because of your
 fever1 said the procurador4  ,certainly
 not1 said ,bob humbly4  ,it's an ugly  
customer the fever1 though1 ,mr ,whyte1 
observed ,mr ,trace2 and ,i calculate we
 ought to do him that pleasure4 ,what do

 you think1 squire8  ,i reckon he's     
rather indiscreet in his askin's1 said  
the judge1 in a tone of vexation4       
,however1 as he wishes it1 and if it is 
agreeable to you1 added he1 turning to  
the ,ayuntamiento2 and as it's you1     
,bob1 ,i calculate we must do what you  
ask4  ,thankee1 said ,bob4  ,nothing to 
thank for1 growled the judge4 ,and now  
go into the kitchen and get a good meal 
of roast beef1 d'ye hear8 ,he knocked   
upon the table4 ,some good roast beef   
for ,bob1 said he to a negress who      
entered2 and see that he eats it4 ,and  
get your self dressed more decently1    
,bob--like a white man and a ,christian1
 not like a wild redskin4  ,the negress 
and ,bob left the room4 ,the            
conversation now turned upon ,johnny1   
who appeared1 from all accounts1 to be a
 very bad and dangerous fellow2 and     
after a short discussion1 they agreed to
 lynch him1 in backwoodsman's phrase1   
just as cooly as if they had been       
talking of catching a mustang4 ,when the

 men had come to this satisfactory      
conclusion1 they got up1 drank the      
judge's health and mine1 shook us by the
 hand1 and left the house4  ,the day    
passed more heavily than the preceding  
one4 ,i was too much engrossed with the 
strange scene ,i had witnessed to talk  
much4 ,the judge1 too1 was in a very bad
 humour4 ,he was vexed that a man should
 be hung who might render the country   
much and good service if he remained    
alive4 ,that ,johnny1 the miserable1    
cowardly1 treacherous ,johnny1 should be
 sent out of the world as quickly as    
possible1 was perfectly correct1 but    
with ,bob it was very different4 ,in    
vain did ,i remind him of the crime of  
which ,bob had been guilty--of the      
outraged laws of ,god and man--and of   
the atonement due4 ,it was of no use4   
,if ,bob had sinned against society1 he 
could repair his fault much better by   
remaining alive than by being hung2 and1
 for anything else1 ,god would avenge it
 in his own good time4 ,we parted for   

the night1 neither of us convinced by   
the other's arguments4  ,we were sitting
 at breakfast the next morning1 when a  
man1 dressed in black1 rode up to the   
door4 ,it was ,bob1 but so metamorphosed
 that ,i scarcely knew him4 ,instead of 
the torn and bloodstained handkerchief  
round his head1 he wore a hat2 instead  
of the leathern jacket1 a decent cloth  
coat4 ,he had shaved off his beard too1 
and looked quite another man4 ,his      
manner had altered with his dress2 he   
seemed tranquil and resigned4 ,with a   
mild and submissive look1 he held out   
his hand to the judge1 who took it and  
shook it heartily4  ,ah1 ,bob6 said he1 
if you had only listened to what ,i so  
often told you6 ,i had those clothes    
brought on purpose from ,new ,orleans1  
in order that1 on ,sundays at least1 you
 might look like a decent and           
respectable man4 ,how often have ,i     
asked you to put them on1 and come with 
us to meeting1 to hear ,mr ,bliss       
preach8 ,there is same truth in the     

saying1 the coat makes the man4 ,with   
his ,sunday coat1 a man often puts on   
other and better thoughts4 ,if that had 
been your case only fifty-two times in  
the year1 you'd have learned to avoid   
,johnny before now4  ,bob said nothing4 
,well1 well6 ,i've done all ,i could to 
make a better men of you4 ,all that was 
in my power4  ,that you have1 answered  
,bob1 much moved4 ,god reward you for   
it6  ,i could not help holding out my   
hand to the worthy judge2 and as ,i did 
so ,i thought ,i saw a moistness in his 
eye1 which he suppressed1 however1 and1 
turning to his breakfast table1 bade us 
sit down4 ,bob thanked him humbly1 but  
declined1 saying that he wished to      
appear fasting before his offended      
,creator4 ,the judge insisted1 and      
reasoned with him1 and at last he took a
 chair4  ,before we had done breakfast  
our friends of the preceding day began  
to drop in1 and some of them joined at  
the meal4 ,when they had all taken what 
they chose1 the judge ordered the       

negroes to clear away1 and leave the    
room4 ,this done1 he seated himself at  
the upper end of the table1 with the    
,ayuntamiento on either side1 and ,bob  
facing him4  ,mr ,whyte1 said the       
,alcade1 have you1 as procurador1 any   
thing to state8  ,yes1 ,alcalde1 replied
 the procurador4 ,in virtue of my       
office1 ,i made a search in the place   
mentioned by ,bob ,rock1 and there found
 the body of a man who had met his death
 by a gunshot wound4 ,i also found a    
belt full of money1 and several letters 
of recommendation to different planters1
 from which it appears that the man was 
on his way from ,illinois to ,san       
,felipe1 in order to buy land of        
,colonel ,austin1 and to settle in      
,texas4  ,the procurador then produced a
 pair of saddle-bags1 out of which he   
took a leathern belt stuffed with money1
 which he laid on the table1 together   
with the letters4 ,the judge opened the 
belt1 and counted the money4 ,it        
amounted to upwards of five hundred     

dollars1 in gold and silver4 ,the       
procurador then read the letters4  ,one 
of the corregidors now announced that   
,johnny and his mulatto had left their  
house and fled4 ,he1 the corregidor1 had
 sent people in pursuit of them2 but as 
yet there were no tidings of their      
capture4 ,this piece of intelligence    
seemed to vex the judge greatly1 but he 
made no remark on it at the time4  ,bob 
,rock6 cried he4  ,bob stepped forward4 
,bob ,rock1 or by whatever other name   
you may be known1 are you guilty or not 
guilty of this man's death8  ,guilty6   
replied ,bob1 in a low tone4  ,gentlemen
 of the jury1 will you be pleased to    
give your verdict8  ,the jury left the  
room4 ,in ten minutes they returned4    
,guilty6 said the foreman4  ,bob ,rock1 
said the judge solemnly1 your           
fellow-citizens have found you guilty2  
and ,i pronounce the sentence--that you 
be hung by the neck until you are dead4 
,the ,lord be merciful to your soul6    
,amen6 said all present4  ,thank ye1    

murmured ,bob4  ,we will seal up the    
property of the deceased1 said the      
judge1 and then proceed to our painful  
duty4  ,he called for a light1 and he   
and the procurador and corregidors      
sealed up the papers and money4  ,has   
any one aught to allege why the sentence
 should not be put in execution8 said   
the ,alcalde1 with a glance at me4  ,he 
saved my life1 judge and                
fellow-citizens1 cried ,i1 deeply moved4
  ,bob shook his head mournfully4  ,let 
us go1 then1 in ,god's name1 said the   
judge4  ,without another word being     
spoken1 we left the house and mounted   
our horses4 ,the judge had brought a    
,bible with him2 and he rode on1 a      
little in front1 with ,bob1 doing his   
best to prepare him for the eternity to 
which he was hastening4 ,bob listened   
attentively for some time2 but at last  
he seemed to get impatient and pushed   
his mustang into so fast a trot1 that   
for a moment we suspected him of wishing
 to escape the doom he had so eagerly   

sought4 ,but it was only that he feared 
the fever might return before the       
expiration of the short time he yet had 
to live4  ,after an hour's ride1 we came
 to the enormous live oak distinguished 
as the ,patriarch4 ,two or three of the 
men dismounted1 and held aside the heavy
 moss-covered branches which swept the  
ground1 and formed a complete curtain   
round the tree4 ,the party rode through 
the opening thus made1 and drew up in a 
circle beneath the huge leafy dome4 ,in 
the centre of this ring stood ,bob1     
trembling like an aspen-leaf1 and with  
his eyes fixed on a small mound of fresh
 earth1 partly concealed by the         
branches1 and which had escaped my      
notice on my former visit to the tree4  
,it was the grave of the murdered man4  
,a magnificent burial-place was that3 no
 poet could have dreamt or desired a    
better4 ,above1 the huge vault1 with its
 natural frettings and arches2 below1   
the greenest1 freshest grass2 around1 an
 eternal half light1 streaked and       

varied1 and radiant as a rainbow4 ,it   
was imposingly beautiful4  ,bob1 the    
judge1 and the corregidors1 remained    
sitting on their horses1 but several of 
the other men dismounted4 ,one of the   
latter cut the lasso from ,bob's saddle1
 and threw an end of it over one of the 
lowermost branches2 then uniting the two
 ends1 formed them into a strong noose1 
which he left dangling from the bough4  
,this simple preparation completed1 the 
,alcalde took off his hat and folded his
 hands4 ,the others followed his        
example4  ,bob6 said the judge to the   
unfortunate criminal1 whose head was    
bowed on his horse's mane2 ,bob6 we will
 pray for your poor soul1 which is about
 to part from your sinful body4  ,bob   
raised his head4 ,i had something to    
say1 exclaimed he1 in a wondering and   
husky tone4 ,something ,i wanted to say4
  ,what have you to say8  ,bob stared   
around him2 his lips moved1 but no word 
escaped him4 ,his spirit was evidently  
no longer with things of this earth4    

,bob6 said the judge again1 we will pray
 for your soul4  ,pray6 pray6 groaned   
he4 ,i shall need it4  ,in slow and     
solemn accents1 and with great feeling1 
the judge uttered the ,lord's ,prayer4  
,bob repeated every word after him4     
,when it was ended--  ,god be merciful  
to your soul6 exclaimed the judge4      
,amen6 said all present4  ,one of the   
corregidors now passed the noose of the 
lasso round ,bob's neck1 another bound  
his eyes1 a third person drew his feet  
out of the stirrups1 while a fourth     
stepped behind his horse with a heavy   
riding-whip4 ,all was done in the       
deepest silence2 not a word was         
breathed2 not a footfall heard on the   
soft yielding turf4 ,there was something
 awful and oppressive in the profound   
stillness that reigned in the vast      
enclosure4  ,the whip fell4 ,the horse  
gave a spring forwards4 ,at the same    
moment ,bob made a desperate clutch at  
the bridle1 and a loud ,hold6 burst in  
thrilling tones from the lips of the    

judge4  ,it was too late1 ,bob was      
already hanging4 ,the judge pushed      
forward1 nearly riding down the man who 
held the whip1 and seizing ,bob in his  
arms1 raised him on his own horse1      
supporting him with one hand1 while with
 the other he strove to unfasten the    
noose4 ,his whole gigantic frame        
trembled with eagerness and exertion4   
,the procurador1 corregidors1 all1 in   
short1 stood in open-mouthed wonder at  
this strange proceeding4  ,whisky6      
whisky6 has nobody any whisky8 shouted  
the judge4  ,one of the men sprang      
forward with a whisky-flask1 another    
supported the body1 and a third the     
feet1 of the half-hanged man1 while the 
judge poured a few drops of spirits into
 his mouth4 ,the cravat1 which had not  
been taken off1 had hindered the        
breaking of the neck4 ,bob at last      
opened his eyes1 and gazed vacantly     
around him4  ,bob1 said the judge1 you  
had something to say1 hadn't you1 about 
,johnny8  ,johnny1 gasped ,bob2 ,johnny4

  ,what's become of him8  ,he's gone to 
,san ,antonio1 ,johnny4  ,to ,san       
,antonio6 repeated the judge1 with an   
expression of great alarm overspreading 
his features4  ,to ,san ,antonio--to    
,padre ,jose1 continued ,bob2 a         
,catholic4 ,beware6  ,a traitor1 then6  
muttered several4  ,catholic6 exclaimed 
the judge4 ,the words he had heard      
seemed to deprive him of all strength4  
,his arms fell slowly and gradually by  
his side1 and ,bob was again hanging    
from the lasso4  ,a ,catholic6 a        
traitor6 repeated several of the men2 a 
citizen and a traitor6  ,so it is1 men6 
exclaimed the judge4 ,we've no time to  
lose1 continued he1 in a harsh1 hurried 
voice2 no time to lose2 we must catch   
him4  ,that must we1 said several       
voices1 or our plans are betrayed to the
 ,mexicans4  ,after him immediately to  
,san ,antonio6 cried the judge with the 
same desperately hurried manner4  ,to   
,san ,antonio6 repeated the men1 pushing
 their way through the curtain of moss  

and branches4 ,as soon as they were     
outside1 those who were dismounted      
sprang into the saddle1 and1 without    
another word1 the whole party galloped  
away in the direction of ,san ,antonio4 
,the judge alone remained1 seemingly    
lost in thought2 his countenance pale   
and anxious1 and his eyes following the 
riders4 ,his reverie1 however1 had      
lasted but a very few seconds1 when he  
seized my arm4  ,hasten to my house1    
cried he2 lose no time1 don't spare     
horse-flesh4 ,take ,ptoly and a fresh   
beast2 hurry over to ,san ,felipe1 and  
tell ,stephen ,austin what has happened1
 and what you have seen and heard4      
,but1 judge----  ,off with you at once1 
if you would do ,texas a service4 ,bring
 my wife and daughter back4  ,and so    
saying1 he literally drove me from under
 the tree1 pushing me out with hands and
 feet4 ,i was so startled at the        
expression of violent impatience and    
anxiety which his features assumed1     
that1 without venturing to make further 

objection1 ,i struck the spurs into my  
mustang and galloped off4 ,before ,i had
 got fifty yards from the tree1 ,i      
looked round4 ,the judge had            
disappeared4  ,i rode full speed to the 
judge's house1 and thence on a fresh    
horse to ,san ,felipe1 where ,i found   
,colonel ,austin1 who seemed much       
alarmed by the news ,i brought him1 had 
horses saddled1 and sent round to all   
the neighbours4 ,before the wife and    
step-daughter of the judge had made     
their preparations to accompany me home1
 he started with fifty armed men in the 
direction of ,san ,antonio4  ,i escorted
 the ladies to their house1 but scarcely
 had we arrived there1 when ,i was      
seized with a fever1 the result of my   
recent fatigues and sufferings4 ,for    
some days my life was in danger1 but at 
last a good constitution1 and the       
kindest and most watchful nursing1      
triumphed over the disease4 ,as soon as 
,i was able to mount a horse1 ,i set out
 for ,mr ,neal's plantation1 in company 

with his huntsman ,anthony1 who1 after  
spending many days1 and riding over     
hundreds of miles of ground in quest of 
me1 had at last found me out4  ,our way 
led up past the ,patriarch1 and1 as we  
approached it1 we saw innumerable birds 
of prey1 and carrion crows circling     
round it1 croaking and screaming4 ,i    
turned my eyes in another direction2    
but1 nevertheless1 ,i felt a strange    
sort of longing to revisit the tree4    
,anthony had ridden on1 and was already 
hidden from view behind its branches4   
,presently ,i heard him give a loud     
shout of exultation4 ,i jumped off my   
horse1 and led it through a small       
opening in the leafage4  ,some forty    
paces from me the body of a man was     
hanging by a lasso from the very same   
branch on which ,bob had been hung4 ,it 
was not ,bob1 however1 for the corpse   
was much too short and small for him4   
,i drew nearer4 ,johnny6 ,i exclaimed   
,that's ,johnny6  ,it was1 answered     
,anthony4 ,thank ,heaven1 there's an end

 of him6  ,i shuddered4 ,but where is   
,bob8  ,bob8 cried ,anthony4 ,bob6  ,he 
glanced towards the grave4 ,the mound of
 earth seemed to me larger and higher   
than when ,i had last seen it4          
,doubtless the murderer lay beside his  
victim4  ,shall we not render the last  
service to this wretch1 ,anthony8 asked 
,i4  ,the scoundrel6 answered the       
huntsman4 ,i won't dirty my hands with  
him4 ,let him poison the kites and the  
crows6  ,we rode on4      ,,death ,,from
 ,,the ,,sting ,,of ,a ,,serpent4   ,as 
when a monstrous snake1 with flaming    
crest1  ,some wretch within its         
glittering folds has press'd--  ,he     
vainly struggles to escape its fangs1   
,the reptile triumphs1 and the victim   
hangs  ,his head in agony1 and bending  
low1  ,feels the cursed venom through   
his life-blood flow4  ,on through his   
veins the burning poison speeds1        
,drinks up his spirit--on his vitals    
feeds1  ,till1 tortured life extinct1   
the senseless clay  ,in hideous         

dissolution melts away4  ,m4 ,j4        
,,gifts ,,of ,,terek4  ,,translated     
,,from ,,the ,,russian ,,of             
,,lermontoff4 ,,by ,t4 ,b4 ,,shaw4      
,terek#ba bellows1 wildly sweeping      
,past the cliffs1 so swift and strong2  
,like a tempest is his weeping1  ,flies 
his spray like tears along4  ,o'er the  
steppe now slowly veering--  ,calm but  
faithless looketh he--  ,with a voice of
 love endearing  ,murmurs to the        
,caspian sea3   ,give me way1 old sea6  
,i greet thee2  ,give me refuge in thy  
breast2  ,far and fast ,i've rush'd to  
meet thee--  ,it is tine for me to rest4
  ,cradled in ,kazbek1 and cherish'd    
,from the bosom of the cloud1  ,strong  
am ,i1 and all have perish'd  ,who would
 stop my current proud4  ,for thy sons' 
delight1 ,o ,ocean6  ,i've crush'd the  
crags of ,darial1  ,onward my resistless
 motion1  ,like a flock1 hath swept them
 all4   ,still on his smooth shore      
reclining1  ,lay the ,caspian as in     
sleep2  ,while the ,terek1 softly       

shining1  ,to the old sea murmur'd      
deep3--   ,lo6 a gift upon my water--   
,lo6 no common offering--  ,floating    
from the field of slaughter1  ,a        
,kabardinetz#bb ,i bring4  ,all in      
shining mail he's shrouded--  ,plates of
 steel his arms enfold2  ,blood the     
,koran verse hath clouded1  ,that       
thereon is writ in gold3  ,his pale brow
 is sternly bended--  ,gory stains his  
wreathed lip dye--  ,valiant blood1 and 
far-descended--  ',tis the hue of       
victory6  ,wild his eyes1 yet nought he 
noteth2  ,with an ancient hate they     
glare3  ,backward on the billow         
floateth1  ,all disorderly1 his hair4   
,still the ,caspian1 calm reclining1    
,seems to slumber on his shore2  ,and   
impetuous ,terek1 shining1  ,murmurs in 
his ear once more3--   ,father1 hark6 a 
priceless treasure--  ,other gifts are  
poor to this--  ,i have hid1 to do thee 
pleasure--  ,i have hid in my abyss6    
,lo6 a corse my wave doth pillow--  ,a  
,kazaichka#bc young and fair4  ,darkly  

pale upon the billow  ,gleams her breast
 and golden hair2  ,very sad her pale   
brow gleameth1  ,and her eyes are closed
 in sleep2  ,from her bosom ever seemeth
  ,a thin purple stream to creep4  ,by  
my water1 calm and lonely1  ,for the    
maid that comes not back1  ,of the whole
 ,stanilza1#bd only  ,mourns a          
,grebenskoi ,kazak4   ,swift on his     
black steed he hieth2  ,to the mountains
 he is sped4  ',neath ,tchetchen's      
kinjal#be now lieth1  ,low in dust1 that
 youthful head4   ,silent then was that 
wild river2  ,and afar1 as white as     
snow1  ,a fair head was seen to quiver  
,in the ripple1 to and fro4   ,in his   
might the ancient ocean1  ,like a       
tempest1 'gan arise2  ,and the light of 
soft emotion  ,glimmer'd in his         
dark-blue eyes2   ,and he play'd1 with  
rapture flushing1  ,and in his embraces 
bright1  ,clasp'd the stream1 to meet   
him rushing  ,with a murmur of delight4 
,,footnotes3  #ba ,a river which1 rising
 on the eastern side of the ridge of the

 ,caucasus1 falls1 after a rapid and    
impetuous course1 into the ,caspian1    
near ,anapa4  #bb ,a mountaineer of the 
tribe of ,kabarda4  #bc ,a ,kazak girl4 
#bd ,village of ,kazaks4  #be ,kinjal1 a
 large dagger1 the favourite weapon of  
the mountain tribes of the ,caucasus1   
among which the ,tchetchenetzes are     
distinguished for bravery4              
,,marston2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,memoirs ,,of ,a
 ,,statesman4  ,,part ,,vi4   ,have ,i  
not in my time heard lions roar8  ,have 
,i not heard the sea1 puft up with wind1
  ,rage like an angry boar chafed with  
sweat8  ,have ,i not heard great        
ordnance in the field1  ,and heaven's   
artillery thunder in the skies8  ,have  
,i not in the pitched battle heard      
,loud 'larums1 neighing steeds1 and     
trumpets clang8  ,,shakspeare4   ,my    
first questions to ,lafontaine1 when ,i 
had his wound looked to1 were of course 
for those whom he had left in ,england4 
,ah1 ha6 said he with a laugh1 which    
showed the inextinguishable ,frenchman1 

are you constant still8 ,well1 then1    
,madame la ,comtesse is constant too2   
but it is to her boudoir1 or the        
gaieties of ,devonshire ,house1 or      
perhaps to her abhorrence of ,monsieur  
le ,mari4  ,le ,mari6 ,i repeated the   
words with an involuntary start4  ,bah6 
'tis all the same4 ,she is affianced1   
and among us that tie is quite as       
legitimate as marriage1 and1 our        
libellers say1 a little stronger4 ,but  
they certainly are not married yet1 for 
,mademoiselle ,clotilde either is1 or   
affects1 the invalid2 and considering   
the probability that she abhors the man 
and the match1 ,i think1 on the whole1  
that she acts diplomatically in         
informing the vainest colonel1 in or out
 of ,france1 that she is sick of any    
thing rather than of him4  ,but your    
,mariamne--how go on your interests     
there8 ,the question brought a smile and
 a sigh together1 before he could find  
an answer4  ,how she is1 what she is    
doing1 or intends to do1 or even what   

she is1 are matters that ,i can no more 
answer than ,i can why the wind blows4  
,she torments me1 and takes a delight in
 tormenting me4 ,i have been on the     
point of throwing up my commission a    
hundred times since ,i saw you1 and     
flying to ,america1 or the world's end4 
,she controls me in every thing1 insists
 on knowing all my movements from hour  
to hour1 finds them out when ,i attempt 
to conceal them as matter of duty1      
tortures me for the concealment1 and    
then laughs at me for the confession4   
,she is intolerable4  ,and yet you have 
obtained a lengthening of your chain1 or
 how come here8 ,how long have you been 
in ,paris8  ,just two days2 and busy    
ones1 or ,i should have found you out   
before4 ,yes1 ,i had ,mariamne's full   
permission to come2 though to this      
moment ,i cannot account for the change4
 ,i had received a sudden order from    
,montrecour1 who is deep in the emigrant
 affairs1 to set out with letters which 
could not be sent by the courier4 ,but  

,i dared not leave ,london without      
asking her permission2 and ,i           
acknowledge asking her at the same time 
to run away with me1 and give herself a 
lawful title to be my tyrant for life4  
,applying to ,mordecai was out of the   
question4 ,her answer was immediate2    
contemptuous in the extreme as to my    
proposal1 yet almost urgent on me to    
accept the mission1 and lose no time    
between ,london and ,paris4 ,her        
postscript was the oddest part of all4  
,it was a grave recommendation to       
discover you1 in whatever height or     
depth of the capital you might exist2   
whether you figured in the court or the 
cloister2 were the idol of the maids of 
honour1 or the model of the monks of ,la
 ,trappe2 to remind you that you had    
forgotten every body on the other side  
of the ,channel who was worth           
remembering1 including herself2 and     
commending me1 as a truant and a        
trifler1 to your especial1 grave1 and   
experienced protection4 ,apropos6 ,she  

sent me a letter1 to be delivered to you
 with my own hands4 ,but for yourself it
 had nearly failed in the delivery4  ,he
 gave me the letter4 ,it was1 like the  
writer1 a pretty melange2 trifles       
gracefully expressed2 strong sense      
expressed like trifles2 feeling carried 
off with a laugh2 and palpable and fond 
anxiety for ,lafontaine couched in the  
most merciless badinage4 ,while ,i gave 
this missive a second1 and even a third 
perusal--for it finished with some      
gentle mention of the being whose name  
was a charm to my wearied spirit--my    
eyes accidentally fell on ,lafontaine4  
,his were fixed on me with an expression
 of inconceivable distress4 ,at length  
his generous nature broke forth4        
,marston1 if ,i were capable of         
jealousy1 ,i should be jealous of you   
and of ,mariamne4 ,what can be the      
caprice which dictated that letter8 what
 can be the interest which you evidently
 take in it8 ,i wish that the bullet    
which laid me at your door this evening 

had finished its work1 and put an end to
 an existence which has been a perpetual
 fever4 ,i shall not ask what ,mariamne 
has said to you--but ,i am miserable4   
,yes1 but you shall ask1 and shall have 
all you ask1 said ,i1 giving him the    
letter4 ,it is the language of the      
heart1 and of a heart strongly attached 
to you4 ,i can see affection in every   
line of it4 ,of course she mingles a    
little coquetry with her sentiment2 but 
was there ever a pretty woman1 who was  
not more or less a coquette8 ,she is a  
gem3 never think it the less pure       
because it sparkles4 ,rely upon your    
little ,mariamne4  ,then you have no    
sincere regard for her--no wish to      
interfere with my claims8 said my pallid
 friend1 dubiously extending his hand   
towards me4  ,lafontaine1 listen to me1 
and for the last time on the subject4 ,i
 have a very sincere regard for her4    
7,my sensitive auditor started47 ,but1  
,i have also a perfect respect for your 
claims4 ,it is impossible not to        

acknowledge the animated graces of the  
lady on whom you have fixed your        
affections4 ,but mine are fixed where ,i
 have neither hope to sustain them1 nor 
power to change4--,those matters have   
nothing to do with choice4 ,they are    
effects without a cause1 judgments      
without a reason1 influences without an 
impulse--the problems of our nature1    
without a solution since the beginning  
of the world4  ,but1 ,marston1 you will 
only laugh at me for all my troubles4   
,lafontaine1 ,i shall do no such thing4 
,those pains and penalties have been the
 lot of some of the noblest hearts and  
most powerful minds that the earth has  
ever seen2 and have been most keenly    
felt by the noblest and the most        
powerful4 ,the poet only tells the truth
 more gracefully when he says--         
',the spell of all spells that enamours 
the heart1        ,to few is imparted1  
to millions denied2      ',tis the brain
 of the victim that poisons the dart1   
,and fools jest at that by which sages  

have died4'  ,but now1 my friend1 let us
 talk of other things4 ,we must not sink
 into a pair of sentimentalists2 these  
are terrible times4 ,and now1 tell me   
what brought you out of quiet ,england  
among our madmen here8  ,i may now tell 
all the world1 was the reply1 for the   
evil is done beyond remedy4 ,i was sent 
by our friends in ,london1 to carry the 
last warning to the royal family of all 
that has happened this day4 ,my papers  
contained the most exact details1 the   
names of the leaders1 their objects1    
their points of assembling1 and even    
their points of attack4 ,those were     
furnished1 as you may conceive1 by one  
of the principal conspirators2 a fellow 
whom ,i afterwards saw on horseback in  
front of the ,tuileries1 and whom1 ,i   
think1 ,i had the satisfaction of       
dismounting by a shot from my carbine4  
,i mentioned the fruitlessness of my own
 efforts to awake the ministry4  ,ah1   
said he1 with a melancholy smile1 my    
friend1 if you had been admitted into   

the palace1 or into the council-chamber 
itself1 you would have had precisely the
 same tale to tell4 ,all was            
infatuation4 ,i was ushered into the    
highest presence last midnight4 ,my     
despatches were read4 ,i was            
complimented on my zeal1 and then was   
told that every thing was provided for4 
,i was even closeted for two hours with 
the two individuals who1 of all ,france1
 or of all mankind1 had the largest     
stake in the crisis1 and was again told 
that there was no crisis to be feared4  
,i even offered to take a squadron of   
dragoons1 and arrest the conspirators at
 the moment with my own hand4 ,i saw the
 eyes of the noblest of women fill with 
tears of grief and indignation at the   
hopelessness of my appeal1 and the      
answer1 'that though ,frenchmen might   
hate the ministers1 they always loved   
their king4' ,i saw that all was over4  
,still1 said ,i1 ,i cannot comprehend   
how the mere mob of ,paris could have   
succeeded against the defenders of the  

palace4  ,if you had seen it as ,i did1 
the only wonder is1 how the ,tuileries  
held out so long4 ,after passing a night
 on guard at the ,pavilon de ,flore1 ,i 
was summoned at daybreak to attend his  
majesty4 ,what a staff for a reviewing  
monarch6 ,the queen endeavouring to     
support the appearance of calmness2     
,madame ,elizabeth1 that human angel1   
following her1 dissolved in tears2 the  
two royal children1 weeping and         
frightened1 making their way through the
 crowd of nobles1 guardsmen1 domestics  
who had gathered promiscuously in the   
chambers and corridors1 armed with      
whatever weapons they could find1 and   
all in confusion4 ,from the windows     
there was another scene2 and the only   
time when ,i saw the queen shudder1 was 
when she cast her eye across the ,place 
du ,carrousel1 and saw it covered with  
the dense masses of the multitude drawn 
up in battle-array4 ,a more gloomy sight
 never met the eye4 ,from time to time  
the distant discharge of cannon was     

heard1 giving us the idea that some     
treachery was transacting in the remoter
 parts of the city1 every discharge     
answered by a roar of--',down with the  
,king'--',death to ,marie               
,antoinette'--',the lamp-iron to all    
traitors4' ,while1 as ,i glanced on     
those around me1 ,i saw despair in every
 countenance2 the resolution perhaps to 
die1 but the evident belief that their  
death must be in vain4 ,you now know    
all4  ,i still expressed my strong      
anxiety to know what had been the events
 within the palace4  ,marston1 ,i cannot
 think of them4 ,i cannot speak of them4
 ,i see nothing but a vision of blood1  
shame1 folly1 wretchedness4 ,there never
 was a cause more fatally abandoned4    
,every thing that could be done to ruin 
a monarchy was done4 ,i was standing    
beside the royal group1 when a          
deputation from the ,national ,assembly 
made its appearance4 ,at its head was a 
meagre villain1 whom one might have     
taken for the public executioner4 ,he   

came up1 cringing and bowing1 to the    
unfortunate king2 but with a look which 
visibly said--,we have you in our power4
 ,i could have plunged my sword in the  
triumphant villain's heart4 ,i had even 
instinctively half drawn it1 when ,i    
felt the gentle pressure of a hand on   
mine4 ,it was the queen's4 ',remember   
the king's presence4 ,we must owe       
nothing to violence1' were her words4   
,and at this instant she looked so      
heart-broken1 yet so noble1 that ,i     
could have worshipped her4 ,the         
deputation pressed the necessity of     
'taking shelter1' as they phrased it1   
'in the bosom of the faithful           
,assembly4' ,the words1 'assembly of    
traitors1' burst from my lips4 ,a shout 
of approbation arose on all sides4 ,but 
,i was more rewarded by a sorrowing     
smile from the queen4 ,she was indignant
 at the proposal4 ',no2 never shall ,i  
leave this spot but by the king's       
command6' she exclaimed4 ',i would      
rather be chained to the walls4' ,as the

 guard pressed round her at the words1  
she suddenly stopped1 took a pistol from
 one of the ,garde du ,corps1 and       
forcing it on the king--',now1' said the
 heroine--'now is the time to show      
yourself a king of ,france6' ,an        
universal cry of enthusiasm arose1 and  
hundreds of swords were brandished in   
the air4 ,the deputation1 evidently     
expecting to be massacred1 made an      
effort to reach the door1 and the       
monarchy was on the point of being      
saved2 when the leader of the party     
glanced back at the royal circle4 ,there
 stood unfortunate ,louis1 hesitating1  
with the pistol in his hand4 ,on such   
moments all depends4 ,the villain crept 
up to the king1 and whispered in his    
ear--',would you have all your family   
put to death8 ,in the ,assembly all are 
safe4'--',well1 then1 we shall go1' was 
the simple answer4 ,he might have       
added--',to the scaffold4' ,the queen   
pressed her hands on her eyes1 and wept 
bitterly4 ,all were silent4 ,in a few   

minutes more our sad procession was     
crossing the garden to the door of the  
,assembly1 amid a roar1 which could not 
have been fiercer or more triumphant had
 we been going to execution4  ,it was   
already twilight2 the fine summer's day1
 as if it had been dimmed by the        
desperate scenes of which it was        
witness1 set in sudden clouds2 and the  
distant shoutings of the populace seemed
 to be answered by the voice of a storm4
 ,lafontaine's wound began to bleed     
afresh by the agitation of his story1   
and to find medical assistance1 was my  
first object4 ,having seen him conveyed 
to my bed1 and leaving him in charge of 
my valet1 ,i hastened towards the       
residence of the physician to the       
embassy4 ,in doing this1 ,i had to cross
 the ,rue ,st ,honore4 ,but there my    
course was stopped4 ,i shrink from      
alluding to those horrid scenes and     
times4 ,the scene which there met my    
eyes has scarcely left them since4  ,the
 populace were returning from the       

conquest and plunder of the palace to   
the ,palais ,royale1 the headquarters of
 all convulsion2 and they had arranged  
their ranks into something like a       
triumphal procession on the stage4 ,the 
dead bodies of the brave ,swiss were    
carried on boards or biers1 preceded by 
banners of all kinds2 the plundered     
ornaments of the ,tuileries were borne  
on the heads of men2 the horses from the
 royal stables1 caparisoned for the     
occasion1 drew hearses1 in which the    
bodies of the mob who had fallen were   
deposited4 ,brief as the time for       
decoration had been1 wreaths of         
artificial flowers1 taken from the shops
 of the marchandes de modes1 and        
theatrical shawls and mantles from the  
stores of the fripiers1 covered the     
biers2 and the whole1 surrounded and    
followed by a forest of pikes and       
bayonets1 plumes and flags1 had no other
 light than the lurid and shifting blaze
 of thousands of torches tossing in the 
wild and howling wind4  ,the train      

seemed endless2 shocked and sickened1 ,i
 had made repeated efforts to cross the 
column1 but was repeatedly driven back4 
,if all the dead criminality of ,paris  
had risen to join all the living1 it    
could scarcely have increased my        
astonishment at the countless thousands 
which continued to pour on before me2   
nor scarcely1 if the procession had     
started from the grave1 could it have   
looked more strange1 squalid1 haggard1  
and woebegone4 ,in the rear came the    
cannon1 which had achieved this         
melancholy victory4 ,and they1 again1   
were sometimes converted into the       
carriage of the dead1 sometimes of the  
plunder1 and1 in every instance1 were   
surmounted by women1 female furies1     
drinking1 shouting1 and uttering cries  
of unspeakable savageness and blasphemy 
against priests1 nobles1 and kings2 and1
 mingled with all this1 were choruses of
 bacchanal songs1 accompanied with      
shouts of laughter4 ,it was now near    
midnight2 and my anxiety for the        

condition of my unfortunate friend at   
last urged me to make a desperate       
attempt to force my way through the mass
 of pikes and daggers4 ,after being     
swept far along with the stream1 ,i     
reached the street in which the         
physician lived4 ,he set out with me    
immediately1 and1 by his superior       
knowledge of the route1 we were enabled 
to make our way unimpeded through       
streets1 that looked like dens of       
robbers1 to my hotel4  ,but there a new 
and still more alarming disappointment  
awaited me4 ,i found the porter and all 
the attendants of the establishment     
gathered on the stairs in terror4       
,lafontaine was gone6 ,whether1 frenzied
 by the insults and yells of the        
populace1 who continued to pass in      
troops from time to time1 or anxious for
 my safety1 he had started from his bed1
 put on his sword1 and rushed into the  
street2 without the possibility of being
 restrained1 and without uttering a word
 of explanation4  ,exhausted as ,i was  

by fatigue1 and still more by the sights
 and scenes through which ,i had just   
passed1 this intelligence was a severe  
blow4 ,the fate of a young enthusiast1  
and a foreigner1 whom ,i had known but  
so lately1 and of whom ,i knew so       
little1 might not have justified much   
personal sacrifice4 ,but the thought of 
the heart that would be broken by his   
falling into the hands of the           
barbarians1 who were now masters of     
every thing1 smote keenly upon me4      
,mariamne would die2 and though ,i was  
by no means a lover of ,mariamne1 yet1  
where ,i had seen so much that was      
loveable1 ,i might have a regard next in
 degree4 ,there may1 and does often1    
exist the tenderness of love without the
 flame4 ,i could have looked on this    
pretty and animated creature as the wife
 of ,lafontaine1 or of any other object 
of her choice1 without the slightest    
pang2 but ,i could not have looked upon 
her pining away in hopelessness1 wasting
 in silent sorrow1 or with her gay and  

gentle existence clouded by a loss which
 nothing could repair1 without thinking 
every effort of mine to avert evil from 
her1 due on every principle of common   
feeling4  ,while ,i pondered1 a note was
 brought to me1 written by ,lafontaine  
before he had sallied from his chamber1 
and evidently written under the wildest 
emotion4 ,it told me1 in a few scarcely 
legible words1 that he felt life a      
burden to him1 and thanked ,heaven for  
the opportunity now offered of dying for
 his king and the glory of ,france4     
,that the monarchy had perished beyond  
redemption4 ,but that1 though the royal 
family were surrounded by the poniards  
of assassins1 it was his determination  
to follow and find them1 rescue them1 or
 die at their feet4 ,this strange       
production closed with--,you shall hear 
of me within twenty four hours1 living  
or dead4 ,if ,i fall1 remember me to my 
affianced wife2 and vindicate my        
character to the world4  ,this was so   
like insanity1 that it perplexed me more

 and more2 but1 on second thoughts1 it  
appeared to offer some clue to his      
pursuit4--,he had gone to die in        
presence of the royal family4 ,if they  
were to be found by him at all1 they    
must be found in the ,assembly4 ,i      
immediately went to the garden of the   
,tuileries1 where they met until their  
new legislative palace should be        
erected4 ,the multitude had now         
partially retired1 for it was midnight2 
and the entrance was comparatively      
clear4 ,a strong force of the ,national 
,guard still kept the drunken rabble at 
a distance2 and the five franc piece1   
with which ,i tempted the               
incorruptibility of a peculiarly        
ferocious-looking patriot1 admitted me  
without delay4  ,what a scene there     
presented itself to my eyes6 ,the ,salle
 was large and showy2 and when ,i had   
attended it in former debates1 it       
exhibited the taste and skill which the 
,french1 more than any other people on  
earth1 exhibit in temporary things4     

,nothing could exceed the elegance with 
which the ,parisian decorators had      
fitted up this silk and tinsel abode1   
which was to be superseded1 within a few
 months1 by the solid majesty of marble4
 ,but1 on this memorable and melancholy 
night1 the ornaments bore1 to me1 the   
look of those sad frivolities with which
 ,france is fond of ornamenting her     
tombs4 ,the chandeliers burned dim2 the 
busts and statues looked ghostlike2 the 
chief part of the members had thrown    
themselves drowsily on the benches2 and 
the debate had languished into the      
murmurs of a speech1 to which no one    
listened4 ,if the loaded table1 with its
 pile of petitions and ordonnances1 in  
the midst of the hall1 could have been  
imagined into a bier2 the whole had the 
aspect of a chapelle ardente2 there1    
indeed1 lay in state the monarchy of    
,france4 ,my unlucky friend1 of course1 
was not there2 but ,i saw1 in a narrow  
box1 on the right of the president1 a   
group1 from which1 when once seen1 ,i   

found it impossible to withdraw my      
gaze--the first and most exalted victims
 of the ,revolution1 the king and his   
family4 ,all but one were apparently    
overcome with fatigue2 for they had sat 
there fifteen hours4 ,but that one sat  
with a steady eye and an erect front1 as
 if superior to all suffering4 ,i had   
seen ,marie ,antoinette1 the most       
splendid figure1 in all the splendours  
of her court4 ,i had seen her unshaken  
before vast popular assemblages1 in     
which any rash or ruffian hand might    
have taken her life at the instant2 but 
she now gave me an impression of a still
 higher order4 ,sitting in calm         
resignation and unstained dignity1 her  
stately form and countenance1 pale and  
pure as marble1 looked like some noble  
statue on a tomb2 or rather1 sitting in 
that chamber of death1 like some pure   
spirit1 awaiting the summons to ascend  
from the relics of human guilt1         
infirmity1 and passion before her4  ,but
 the slumbers of the ,assembly were soon

 to be broken4 ,a tumult1 and the       
tramping of many feet1 was heard at the 
door4 ,it was followed by the thunder of
 clubs and hammers breaking it in2 the  
bars gave way2 the huissiers and other  
attendants rushed through the body of   
the hall1 and took refuge behind the    
chair of the president in affright2 the 
sleepers started from their seats2 and1 
with a roar which spoke the true        
supremacy of the new power in ,france1  
the mob poured in4 ,they announced      
themselves a deputation from the        
,municipality1 and instantly took       
possession of the benches4 ,men1 women1 
and even children1 composed this        
barbarian invasion2 like all that ,i had
 seen1 half intoxicated2 but evidently  
trained by higher hands for more        
determined evil4 ,a chosen set of       
orators1 in ,roman robes1 probably      
plundered from some suburb theatre1     
moved forward to the table1 and took    
their seats round it in as much         
solemnity as conscript fathers4 ,the    

chief speaker then advanced from the    
door1 preceded by the head of one of the
 murdered ,swiss on a pike1 a hideous   
spectacle1 and1 drawing from his belt a 
dagger1 commenced a furious harangue    
against every thing that bore the shape 
of authority in the kingdom4 ,the       
,assembly did not escape in the general 
outpouring of its bitterness4 ,they were
 charged with want of zeal1 with want of
 honesty1 and1 most formidable of all1  
want of patriotism4 ,i saw many a member
 cower at the word2 for it was the      
countersign of ,jacobinism2 and the man1
 on whom that charge was personally     
fastened1 was sure to fall by pistol or 
dagger4 ,but the rage of the harangue   
was levelled at the royal family4 ,there
 sits the tyrant6 he exclaimed1 pointing
 with his poniard to the meekest of     
monarchs and of men4 ,the vengeance of  
the people calls for victims4 ,how long 
shall it be insulted8 ,if justice is    
blind1 tear the bandage from her eyes4  
,how long shall the sword of the people 

rust in its sheath6 ,liberty sitting on 
her altar demands new sacrifices to feed
 the flame4 ,the blood of tyrants is the
 only incense worthy to be offered by a 
regenerated people6  ,at every pause of 
those fierce interjections1 the crowd   
burst into yells of applause1 drew      
knives and daggers from their bosoms1   
flourished them in the air1 and echoed  
the words4 ,the ,assembly were evidently
 held in terror of their lives4 ,the    
president made some faint attempts to   
restore order4 ,a few of the members    
made faint attempts at speeches4 ,but   
the mob were masters2 and a night of    
such horrors passed1 as ,i had never    
dreamed of before4 ,at daybreak the     
orator demanded that a decree should be 
instantly passed1 suspending the king1  
the ministry1 and even the ,assembly1 in
 the midst of which he stood4 ,of all   
the extravagances ever conceived--of all
 the insolences of power--of all the    
licenses of popular licentiousness1 this
 was the most daring1 unrivalled1 and   

unimagined2 and yet this was carried1   
with scarcely a voice raised against it4
 ,the trembling president1 with the     
dagger at his throat1 put the motion for
 extinguishing the throne1 the cabinet1 
and calling a new ,assembly6 ,from that 
hour the monarchy was no more4  ,during 
this tremendous discussion1 ,i had not  
ventured to raise my eyes towards the   
royal family2 but1 as all were now about
 to retire1 ,i dared a single glance4   
,the king was slowly leaving the box1   
leading the dauphin by the hand2 the    
,princess ,elizabeth was carrying the   
sleeping dauphiness in her arms2 the    
queen stayed behind1 alone1 for a       
moment1 sitting1 as she had done for    
hours1 with her eyes fixed on vacancy1  
and her countenance calm1 but           
corpselike4 ,at length she seemed to    
recollect that she was alone1 and       
suddenly started up4 ,then nature had   
its way2 she tottered1 and fainted4     
,from that night forth1 that glorious   
creature never saw the light of day but 

through the bars of a prison4 ,from the 
,feuillans1 the royal family were       
consigned to the cells of the ,temple1  
from which ,louis and ,marie ,antoinette
 never emerged but to the grave6  ,this 
night taught me a lesson1 which neither 
time nor circumstance has ever made me  
forget4 ,it cured me of all my          
republican fantasies at once1 and for   
ever4 ,i believe myself above the       
affectation of romantic sensibility4    
,but it would not be less affectation to
 deny the feelings to which that awful  
scene of human guilt and human suffering
 gave birth4 ,if the memory of the      
popular atrocities made me almost abhor 
human nature1 the memory of that        
innocent and illustrious woman restored 
my admiration of the noble qualities    
that may still be found in human nature4
 ,if ,i forget thee even in my mirth1   
the language of the ,israelite to his   
beloved city1 was mine1 in scarcely a   
less solemn or sacred spirit1 in those  
hours of early experience4 ,let the     

hearts and eyes of others refuse to     
acknowledge such feelings4 ,i am not    
ashamed to say1 that ,i have shed many a
 tear over the fate of the ,king and    
,queen of ,france4 ,in the finest       
fictions of genius1 in the most         
high-wrought sorrows of the stage1 ,i   
have never been so deeply touched1 ,i   
have never felt myself penetrated with  
such true and irresistible emotion1 as  
in reading1 many a year after1 the      
simplest record of the unhappy          
,bourbons4 ,what must it be1 to have    
witnessed the last agonies of their     
hearts and throne6  ,on returning to my 
chamber1 shuddering and wretched1 ,i    
found a despatch on my table4 ,it was   
from ,downing ,street2 an order1 that   
within twelve hours after its receipt1  
,i should set out from ,paris1 and make 
my way1 with the utmost secrecy1 to the 
headquarters of the ,austrian and       
,prussian army2 where further orders    
would be waiting for me4  ,this command 
threw me into new perplexity4 ,it had   

been my purpose to find my unfortunate  
friend1 if he was not already in the    
bosom of the ,seine1 or a victim to some
 of the popular violences4 ,but my      
orders were peremptory4 ,i1 however1 did
 all that was in my power4 ,i spent the 
day in looking for him through all the  
hotels and hospitals2 and1 after a      
hopeless search1 gave my man of mystery1
 ,mendoza1 a commission--paid for at a  
rate that made him open his hollow eyes 
wide with incredulity on the coin--to   
discover and protect him1 wherever he   
was to be found4  ,but ,i had now       
another difficulty which threatened to  
nip my diplomatic honours in the bud4   
,the news had just arrived1 that the    
allied armies had passed the frontier1  
and were sweeping all before them with  
fire and sword4 ,a populace is always   
mad with courage1 or mad with cowardice2
 and the ,parisians1 who1 but yesterday1
 were ready to have made a march round  
the globe1 now thought the wells and    
cellars of the city not too deep1 or too

 dark to hold them4 ,they would have    
formed a camp in the catacombs1 if they 
could4 ,all was sudden terror4 ,the     
barriers were shut4 ,guards were posted 
tenfold at all the gates4 ,men were     
ranged on the heights round the city1 to
 make signals of the first approach of  
the ,prussian hussars2 and the          
inhabitants spent half the day on every 
house top that commanded a view of the  
country1 waiting for the first glimpse  
of their devourers4 ,to escape from this
 city of terror now became next to      
impossible4 ,all my applications were   
powerless4 ,the government were         
themselves regarded as under lock and   
key2 the populace1 as if determined that
 all should share a common massacre1    
were clustered at the barriers1 pike in 
hand1 to put all emigrants to death2 the
 ambassador was1 as ambassadors         
generally are in cases of real          
difficulty1 a cipher2 and yet ,i must   
leave ,paris within twelve hours1 or be 
cashiered4  ,it at length occurred to me

 to avail myself of my ,jewish spy1 and 
,i found him listening to a midnight    
harangue in the midst of a ,jacobin     
crowd1 in the ,palais ,royal4 ,he       
considered the matter for a while2 and  
,i walked about1 leaving him to his free
 invention1 while ,i contrasted the     
brilliant blaze of the gaming and       
dancing-rooms above me with the         
assassin-like darkness of the galleries 
below4 ,at length he turned to me4      
,there is but one way4 ,have you any    
objection to be arrested8  ,the greatest
 imaginable1 was my answer4  ,just as   
you please1 he replied2 but ,i have here
 an order for the seizure of one of the 
emigrant agents1 a ,chevalier           
,lafontaine1 lately arrived in ,paris4  
,he has been seen in the palace1 but we 
have missed him for the last twelve     
hours4 ,the order is for ,vincennes4    
,will you take his place8  ,i naturally 
looked all surprise1 and peremptorily   
refused4  ,do as you will1 said my      
intractable adviser2 but there is no    

other way to pass the gates4 ,i shall   
take you to ,vincennes as a state       
prisoner2 ,i have influence there4 ,in  
short1 if you trust me1 you shall be    
safe1 and on your road by daybreak4 ,if 
you do not1 here your life is uncertain2
 you are known1 watched1 and the first  
order that ,i receive to-morrow1 may be 
one for your apprehension4  ,all this   
was likely enough2 there was but a      
moment to deliberate1 and ,i got into   
the first cabriolet1 and drove with him 
to the barrier4 ,the streets still      
exhibited scattered bands1 who          
questioned us from time to time1 but the
 words1 ,by order of the ,municipality1 
which were enough to terrify the        
stoutest hearts1 and the display of his 
badge1 carried us through4 ,we passed   
the guard at the gate1 after a slight   
examination of the order1 and galloped  
to ,vincennes4  ,at the sight of the    
frowning fortress my blood chilled1 and 
,i refused to go further4 ,in that case1
 said my conductor1 ,i am compromised1  

and you are ruined2 the first patrol    
will seize you1 while ,i shall be shot4 
,i pledge myself1 that here you shall   
not remain2 but ,i must be acquitted to 
the head of the police4 ,you shall be   
,m4 le ,chevalier ,lafontaine for the   
night2 and1 if such a man exists1 you   
will probably be the means of saving his
 life4 ,to-morrow ,i shall bring proofs 
of my mistake1 and then you will be     
outside the walls of ,paris1 and free to
 go where you please4  ,the name of     
,lafontaine decided me4 ,even the risk  
seemed less serious than before1 and we 
drove over the drawbridge4 ,the interior
 of the fortress formed a striking      
contrast to the scenes which ,i had just
 left behind me4 ,all was still stern1  
and noiseless4  ,give me your papers1   
said ,mendoza2 they will be safer in my 
hands than in yours4  ,i had but time to
 give him my despatch1 as we passed     
through the court which led to the      
governor's apartments4 ,i was searched  
in the presence of that important       

functionary1 a meagre old captain of    
invalids1 who had been roused from his  
bed1 and was evidently half asleep4 ,i  
stoutly denied my being the criminal who
 had offended the majesty of the people4
 ,but as the governor himself1 on gazing
 at me with his purblind eyes1 was      
perfectly satisfied of my identity1     
there was no use in contesting the      
point4 ,a couple of sentinels were      
placed at the door of my cell1 and ,i   
was left1 like himself1 to my slumbers4 
,before the door closed1 ,i grasped my  
guide by the throat4 ,the thought that  
,i had been entrapped1 actually agonized
 me4  ,am ,i betrayed8 ,i asked1 in a   
whisper of fury4  ,the only answer was1 
,mordecai4  ,i felt security in the     
word1 and1 without a further pang1 heard
 his tread echoing along the distant    
corridor4  ,time rolls on1 whether we   
are happy or miserable4 ,morning came1  
and found me feverish from a thousand   
dreams4 ,noon came1 and my impatience   
grew with the hour4 ,evening came1 and  

yet no symptom of my liberation4 ,if1   
hope deferred maketh the heart sick1    
confidence duped1 and blindly1 weakly1  
rashly duped1 turns to torture4  ,why   
trust a known agent of the police8 ,why 
put my liberty into his hands8 ,why1    
above all1 make him master of my papers8
 ,i was overwhelmed with shame4 ,i      
writhed with remorse4 ,as hour after    
hour dragged into slow length along1 ,i 
sank from dejection to dejection1 or    
burst from rage to rage4 ,but at last1  
when the drums of the garrison were     
making their final flourish for the     
night1 the key turned in the door of my 
cell1 and the ,jew entered4 ,i almost   
sprang upon him1 and his life would have
 been worth little1 but for the         
words--,you may now leave the fortress4 
,he told me1 further1 that my absence   
was fortunate1 for a domiciliary visit  
had been paid to my apartments by       
direction of the municipality2 my trunks
 examined1 and my doors sealed4 ,my     
absence was imputed to flight2 and1 as  

jails were then the only safe residences
 in ,france1 ,i had escaped actual      
imprisonment simply by my volunteer     
detention2 to watch the event1 had been 
the source of his delay4 ,all was       
speedily settled with the old           
commandant1 who was now as perfectly    
convinced1 on his own knowledge1 that ,i
 was not the chevalier1 as he had been  
convinced on the night before that ,i   
was4 ,mendoza's proofs were registered  
in due form2 and with unspeakable       
delight ,i once again mounted his       
cabriolet1 and heard the chains of the  
drawbridge rattle behind me4  ,my ,jew  
had been true to his pledge4 ,i found   
horses provided for me at a lonely      
cabaret1 a league off4 ,with the minute 
foresight which men of his trade learn1 
he had provided for me a couple of      
disguises--the garb of a peasant1 which 
,i was to use when ,i passed among the  
soldiery2 and the uniform of an         
aide-de-camp1 with which ,i was to keep 
down enquiries when ,i came among the   

peasantry4 ,but ,i was weary of         
disguise4 ,it had never thriven with my 
temperament4 ,i was determined1 at all  
events1 now to trust to chance and my   
proper person2 and if ,i must fail1 have
 the satisfaction of failing after my   
own style4 ,the only recompense which my
 magnanimous police-officer would       
receive1 was a promise that ,i should   
mention his conduct to ,mordecai2 and1  
gathering up his rejected wardrobe1 he  
departed4  ,fortunately ,i found        
disguises unnecessary1 though at any    
other time they might have been         
essential4 ,the country was all in a    
state of flight1 and every man was too  
much employed in securing himself1 to   
think of laying hold of others4 ,thus   
galloped ,i through hill and dale1      
through bush and brier1 unquestioned and
 almost unseen2 until1 on the evening of
 the fourth day1 as ,i plunged into a   
forest1 which for the last half hour ,i 
had been imagining into a scene of      
fairyland1 a bower where a pilgrim might

 finish his journey for life1 or a man1 
crazed by care1 or crossed in hopeless  
love1 might forget woman and woe        
together--,i was awakened to the        
realities of things by the whistle of a 
bullet1 which struck off a branch within
 an inch of my head1 followed by a      
fierce howl for the countersign4 ,by all
 the laws of war1 the howl should have  
come first2 but these were not times for
 ceremony4 ,a troop of ,hulans rushed   
round me1 sabre in hand4 ,i stood like a
 stoic2 and1 of course1 attempted to    
tell who ,i was4 ,but my ,german was    
unintelligible to my captors1 and my    
,french1 a suspicious language on a     
,prussian outpost1 only confirmed their 
opinion that ,i was born to be stripped4
 ,accordingly one demanded my watch1    
another my purse1 and ,i was in a fair  
way of entering the ,prussian lines in a
 state of pauperism1 or of being left   
alone in my glory by shot or sabre1 when
 an officer rode up1 whom ,i had        
casually known in some ,parisian circle4

 ,to him ,i could explain myself1 and to
 him ,i exhibited the envelope of my    
letter1 inscribed with the words1 ,grand
 ,quartier ,general4 ,my new friend     
bowed to this awful address like a ,turk
 to the firman of the padisha1 poured   
out a volley of wrath on the troop1     
ordered the instant and very reluctant  
restitution of my property1 and with a  
couple of the squadron at our heels1    
took me under his escort1 to deliver my 
papers in person4  ,after an hour's     
gallop through rocks1 rivulets1 and     
brambles1 which seemed without end1 and 
totally uninhabited1 except by an       
occasional patrol of the irregulars of  
the ,austrian and ,prussian             
forces--barbarians as savage-looking as 
ever were ,goth or ,hun1 and capital    
substitutes for the wolves and          
wild-boars which they had ejected for   
the time--a sudden opening of the forest
 brought us within view of the immense  
camp of the combined armies4  ,all the  
externals of war are splendid2 it is the

 interior1 the consequences1 the        
operation of that mighty trampler of man
 that are startling4 ,this was my first 
sight of that most magnificent of all   
the atrocious inventions of human       
evil--an army4 ,the forces of the two   
most warlike monarchies of ,europe were 
spread before me2 nearly a hundred and  
fifty thousand troops1 with all the     
numberless followers of a host in the   
field1 covering a range of low hills    
which circled the horizon4 ,while we    
were still at a considerable distance1 a
 gun was fired from the central hill1   
answered by others from the flanks4 ,the
 rolling of drums set the vast line in  
motion1 and just at the moment when the 
sun was lying on the edge of the west1  
the brigades1 descending each from its  
height1 halted on the slope4 ,the whole 
vast manoeuvre was executed with the    
exactness of a single mind4 ,the blaze  
of the sun on the arms1 the standards1  
and the tents crowning the brow of the  
hills1 was magical4 ,are they marching  

to battle8 was my amazed question to my 
companion4 ,his only answer was to check
 his charger1 take off his shako1 and   
bend his forehead to his saddle-bow4 ,a 
burst of universal harmony1 richer than 
,i had ever yet conceived1 explained the
 mystery4 ,it was the evening prayer4   
,the fine bands of the regiments joined 
the voices of the soldiery1 and ,i      
listened1 in unbroken rapture and       
reverence1 until its close4 ,in court or
 cathedral1 in concert or shrine1 ,i had
 never before so much felt the power of 
sound4 ,it finished in a solemn chorus1 
and accumulation of music4 ,i could have
 almost imagined it ascending1 embodied1
 to heaven4  ,the fire of cannon        
announced the conclusion of the service2
 we put spurs to our horses1 and soon   
entered the lines2 and1 on the strength 
of my credentials1 ,i had distinguished 
quarters assigned to me4  ,i now1 for   
the first time since ,i left ,england1  
began to feel the advantages of birth4  
,in ,london every man is so submerged in

 the multitude1 that he who can hold his
 head high enough out of the living     
surge to be known1 must have something  
of remarkable buoyancy1 or peculiar     
villany1 about him4 ,even ,parliament1  
except to a few of the leaders1 is no   
distinction4 ,the member for the shire  
is clipped of all his plumage at the    
moment of his entering that colossal    
poultry-yard1 and must take his obscure 
pickings with other unnoticeable fowl4  
,in ,paris1 once the ,mahometan paradise
 of stars and garters1 the central      
herald's office of the earth1 the royal 
region of the ,parliament aristocracy1  
where the beggar with a cordon on his   
breast outshone the banker with millions
 in his pocket-book1 the world was      
changed2 and to be the son or brother of
 a peer might have been only a speedier 
passport to the lamp-post4 ,but1 in     
,germany1 the land of pedigrees1 to be  
an honourable was to be one on whom the 
sun shone with double beams2 the sex1   
young and old1 smiled with double       

softness and the whole host of          
,serenities were doubly serene4 ,in     
camp1 nothing could be more hospitable  
or distinguished than my reception2 for 
the soldier is always good-humoured     
under canvass1 and the ,german is       
good-humoured every where4 ,perhaps he  
has rather too high an opinion of his   
descent from ,goth and ,vandal1 but he  
makes allowance for the more modern     
savagery of ,europe2 and although the   
stranger may neither wear spectacles1   
nor smoke cigars1 neither muzzle his    
visage with mustaches1 nor speak the    
most formidable tongue on earth1 the    
,german will good-naturedly admit1 that 
he may be a human being after all4  ,but
 the man with whom my mission brought me
 most immediately into contact1 and to  
whom ,i was most indebted for courtesy1 
would have been a remarkable personage  
in any country of ,europe2 that man was 
the ,duke of ,brunswick4  ,on my        
arrival1 ,i found two letters forwarded 
from ,london1 and in the hands of an    

aide-de-camp of the generalissimo4 ,the 
first which ,i opened was from the      
,foreign ,office1 a simple statement of 
the purpose for which ,i was            
sent--namely1 to stimulate the activity 
of the ,prussian councils1 and to urge  
on the commander of the army an         
immediate march on the ,french capital2 
with a postscript1 directing me1 in case
 of tardiness being exhibited at        
headquarters1 instantly to transmit a   
despatch home1 and return to my post in 
,paris4 ,the second letter--which ,i    
must1 however undiplomatically1 admit   
that ,i opened with much stronger       
interest--was from ,mordecai4 ,i glanced
 over it for some mention of the ane    
braw name1 and bitterly laughed at my   
own folly in expecting to find such     
communications in the letter of the     
hard-headed and busy ,jew4 ,all was     
brief and rapid4  ,if this shall find   
you in the ,prussian camp1 you will have
 no more time for me than ,i have for   
you4 ,let me not clip your diplomatic   

hopes2 but this ,i forewarn you1 you    
will not obtain a single object of your 
journey2 except1 perhaps1 showing that  
you can gallop a hundred miles in the   
four-and-twenty hours1 and can make your
 way through a country of lunatics      
without being piked or sabred4  ,the    
campaign is over already--over before it
 was begun4 ,the battle was fought in   
the council at ,berlin1 and the allies  
were beaten4 ,the duke1 within the next 
fortnight1 will be deciding on the      
merits of the ballet in ,brunswick1 and 
the ,french will be madder than ever    
with triumphs which they never won1     
preparing for conquests which are       
already gained1 and knocking down       
thrones1 the owners themselves supplying
 the pickaxes and hammers4 ,you will see
 the two best armies of the ,continent  
running away from their own shadows2 the
 old councillors of ,frederick and      
,maria ,theresa baffled by cabinets of  
cobblers and tinkers2 grey-beard        
generals1 covered with orders1 hunted   

over the frontier by boys1 girls1 and   
old women2 and ,france1 like a poissarde
 in a passion1 with her hair flying     
about her ears1 a knife in her hand1 and
 her tongue in full swing1 scampering   
half naked over ,europe1 to the infinite
 wonder of the wearers of velvet1       
,mechlin lace1 and diadems1--ha1 ha1 ha6
  ,while ,i was trying to decipher this 
riddle1 which was rather too            
contemptuous for my new views of things1
 but which ,i referred to the habitual  
feelings of a strong-headed man in      
humble life1 brought just close enough  
to higher to feel his exclusion1 an     
officer was announced as ,count         
,varnhorst1 on the staff of the duke4   
,his countenance struck me at first     
sight1 as one which ,i had seen before2 
and ,i soon discovered1 that when ,i was
 a boy at ,eton1 he had been on a visit 
of a few days at ,mortimer castle1 in   
the suite of one of the ,prussian       
princes4 ,we had been thus old friends1 
and we now became young ones within the 

first quarter of an hour4 ,his          
countenance was that of a humourist1 and
 his recollections of the ,great        
,frederick rendered him sarcastic on all
 things of the later generation4  ,the  
duke has sent me for you1 said he1 with 
his apology for keeping you out of bed2 
but he has appointed midnight for the   
delivery of your despatches4 ,the truth 
is1 that hitherto we have all slept so  
soundly1 that we must make up for lost  
time by turning night into day now1 just
 as we have turned day into night for   
the last twelvemonth4  ,but what can you
 tell me of the duke8  ,oh6 a great     
deal2 but you know that ,i am on his    
staff1 and therefore bound to keep his  
secrets4  ,yet1 count1 remember that we 
have sworn an eternal friendship within 
the last five minutes4 ,what can he or  
,i be the worse for my knowing his great
 and good qualities8  ,my dear young    
friend1 when you are as old as ,i am1   
you will see the improprieties of such  
questions4  ,well1 then1 to come to the 

point2 is he a great general8  ,he      
speaks ,french better than any other    
prince in ,germany4  ,is he an able     
politician8  ,you must see him on       
horseback2 he rides like a centaur4     
,well1 then1 in one sentence1 will he   
fight the ,french8  ,that wholly depends
 on whether he turns his horse's head   
towards ,paris or ,berlin4  ,count1 but 
one question more1 which you may answer 
without a riddle4 ,do you think that he 
will receive my mission cordially8  ,he 
speaks your language2 he wears your     
broad cloth2 he loves your porter2 and  
he has married one of your princesses4  
,all my difficulties are answered4 ,i am
 ready2 but what shall ,i find him doing
 at this extraordinary hour8  ,if       
asleep1 dreaming of the opera at        
,brunswick2 if awake1 dreaming of the   
opera at ,paris4  ,his diamond repeater1
 which he had laid on the table between 
us1 struck twelve as he spoke2 and1     
wrapping ourselves in our cloaks1 we    
sallied forth into one of the most      

starry nights of autumn1 and made our   
way1 through long ranges of patrols and 
videttes1 to the quarters of the        
generalissimo4  ,the mansion was an old 
chateau1 evidently long abandoned to    
loneliness and decay one of those huge  
edifices2 whose building had cost one   
fortune1 and whose support had exhausted
 another4 ,but the struggle had been    
over for the last fifty years1 and two  
or three shrivelled domestics remained  
to keep out the invasion of the bats and
 owls4 ,but at this period the chateau  
exhibited1 of course1 another scene2    
aides-de-camp1 generals1 orderlies1     
couriers--all the clang and clamour of  
the staff of a great army--rang through 
the wild old halls1 and echoed up the   
long ghostly corridors4 ,every apartment
 was a blaze of light1 and filled with  
groups of officers of the ,prussian and 
,austrian guards2 all was               
billiard-playing1 talking1 singing in   
chorus1 and carousing in all the noisy  
gaiety of the soldier in good quarters4 

,all this is tempting enough1 said the  
old count1 as we hastened along a       
gallery that seemed endless1 but on     
which the open doors of the successive  
apartments threw broad illumination4 ,i 
dare say1 ,mr ,marston1 that you would  
prefer taking your seat among those     
lively fellows1 to the honour of a ducal
 conference2 but my orders are1 that you
 must not be seen until the duke gives  
you carte blanche to appear among human 
beings again4  ,the count now opened the
 door of an apartment1 which appeared to
 have been more lately tenanted than the
 rest1 yet which exhibited signs of the 
general desertion2 a marble table1      
covered with a decaying drapery1 a      
,carrara alabaster of ,niobe and her    
children on the mantelpiece1 a huge     
mirror1 and a tapestry of one of the    
hunts of ,henri ,quatre1 showed that    
,time had been there1 and that the      
,prussians had not2 but the indistinct  
light of the single chandelier left me  
but little opportunity of indulging my  

speculations on the furniture4 ,the     
count had left me1 to ascertain when the
 duke should be at leisure to receive   
me2 and my first process was1 like a    
good soldier1 to reconnoitre the        
neighbouring territory4 ,the first door 
which ,i opened led into a conservatory1
 filled with the remnants of dead       
foliage1 opening on the gardens of the  
chateau1 which1 wild as they now were1  
still sent up a fragrance doubly        
refreshing1 after the atmosphere of     
meershaums1 hot brandy1 and ,rhine beer1
 which filled the galleries4 ,the       
casement distantly overlooked the       
esplanade in front of the chateau2 and  
the perpetual movements of the couriers 
and estafettes1 arriving and departing  
every moment1 the galloping of cavalry1 
and the march of patrols1 occupied me   
until a valet of the duke came to       
acquaint me that supper was served1 by  
his highness's commands1 in the         
apartment which ,i had lately quitted1  
and that he would be present in a few   

minutes4  ,i returned of course2 and    
found the chamber which ,i had left so  
dark and dilapidated1 changed1 as if by 
a fairy wand1 into pomp and elegance4   
,the duke was renowned for splendid     
extravagance1 and the table was covered 
with rich plate1 the walls glittered    
with a profusion of gilt lamps1 and all 
round me had the look of regal luxury4  
,but one object suddenly caught my gaze1
 and left me no power to glance at any  
other4 ,in a recess1 which had hitherto 
been obscure1 but over which now blazed 
a brilliant girandole1 hung a           
full-length portrait of a nun1 which1   
but for the dress1 ,i should have       
pronounced to be ,clotilde2 the same    
,greek profile1 the same deep yet vivid 
eye1 the same matchless sweetness of    
smile1 and the same mixture of          
melancholy and enthusiasm1 which had    
made me think my idol fit to be the     
worship of the world4 ,i stood wrapped  
in astonishment1 delight1 pain1 a       
thousand undefined feelings1 until ,i   

could have almost imagined that the     
canvass before me lived4 ,i saw its eye 
all but glisten1 its lips all but open  
to speak2 the very marble of its cheek  
begin to glow2 when ,i was awakened by a
 lively voice1 saying1 in ,french--,ah1 
,mr ,marston1 ,i perceive that you are a
 connoisseur4 ,i turned1 and saw the    
speaker1 a man somewhat above the middle
 size2 a remarkably noble-looking       
personage2 in full dress even at that   
hour1 powdered and perfumed1 and        
altogether a court figure2 his hands    
loaded with jewels1 and a diamond star  
of the order of the garter upon his     
breast4 ,it required no introducer to   
tell me that ,i was in the presence of  
the ,duke of ,brunswick4  ,come1 said   
he1 we have no time for etiquette1 nor  
indeed for any thing else to-night--we  
must sup first1 and then talk of your   
mission4  ,we sat down2 a double file of
 valets1 in liveries1 loaded with       
embroidery1 attended at the table2      
though the party consisted of but four2 

,varnhorst1 and a ,colonel ,guiseard1   
chief of the secret diplomacy1 a pale   
,spanish-featured officer--to whom his  
highness did me the honour of           
introducing me1 as the son of one of his
 old friends4  ,you remember ,marston1  
said he1 at ,brunswick1 five-and-twenty 
years ago1 in his envoyship--a capital  
horseman1 a brilliant dresser1 and a    
very promising diplomatist4 ,i augured  
well of his future career1 but ----the  
infinite elevation of the ducal         
shoulders1 and the infinite drooping of 
the ducal eyes1 completed the remainder 
of my unfortunate parent's history2 but 
whether in panegyric or censure1 ,i was 
not sufficiently versed in the science  
of saying nothing and implying all      
things1 to tell4 ,guiseard fixed his    
deep sallow eye on me1 without a word3  
at that moment he reminded me exactly of
 one of the ,inquisitors--the deep1     
dark-visaged men whom the matchless     
pencil of ,velasquez has immortalized4  
,varnhorst burst out into a laugh4      

,what1 ,guiseard1 said he1 are you      
reconnoitring the ground before you make
 the attack8 ,your royal highness1 ,i   
think we ought to vindicate our country 
to this ,english gentleman1 by assuring 
him that the colonel is not a cardinal  
in disguise4  ,the colonel merely       
smiled1 which seemed an effort for his  
cloistered physiognomy2 the duke        
laughed1 and began a general            
conversation upon all possible          
topics--,england forming the chief2 the 
royal family--the court--the            
theatres--parliament--the people--all   
whirled over with the ease and rapidity 
of one turning the leaves of an album2  
here a verse and there a portrait--here 
a sketch of a temple1 and there an      
outline of a cottage--the whole pretty1 
and as trifling as pretty1 and cast     
aside at the first moment when any thing
 better worth thinking of occurred4  ,in
 the midst of our gaiety1 in which the  
duke had completely laid down his       
sceptre1 and taken his full share1 the  

great clock of the chateau tolled one4  
,the table was instantly swept of       
supper--the valets withdrew4 ,i heard   
the tread of a sentinel at the door of  
the apartment2 and the duke1 instantly  
changing from the man of fashion to the 
statesman1 began to enter into the      
questions then so deeply disturbing all 
the cabinets of ,europe4  ,i found the  
duke a very superior man to what ,i had 
conceived of him4 ,he was frank and     
free1 spoke of the intentions of the    
,allies in the most open manner1 and    
censured the errors which they had      
already committed1 with a plainness     
which ,i had not expected to find out of
 ,london4 ,he had evidently made himself
 master of a great variety of knowledge1
 and with the happy but most unusual    
power of rendering it all applicable to 
the point in question4 ,my impressions  
of him and his order1 imbibed among the 
prejudices of ,england and the libels of
 ,france1 was that of frivolity and     
flutter--an idle life and a stagnant    

understanding4 ,i never was more        
surprised at the contrast between this  
conception and the animated and         
accomplished prince before me4 ,he      
seemed to know not merely the persons of
 all the leading men of ,europe--which  
might have naturally been the case with 
one who had visited every capital--but  
to be acquainted with their characters1 
their abilities1 and even their modes of
 thinking4 ,he seemed to me a man born  
to rule4 ,it was in later days that the 
habits of a voluptuary1 of which his    
peculiar love of dress might have been  
slightly symptomatic1 produced their    
effect1 in enfeebling a mind made for   
eminence4 ,i saw him afterwards1 broken 
with years and misfortune4 ,but on this 
night ,i could only see a man on whom   
the destinies of ,europe were rightly   
reposed4 ,i pay this tribute of honour  
to his memory4  ,he spoke a great deal1 
in our conference1 on the necessity of a
 strong ,european combination against   
,france1 and flatteringly addressed to  

me a strong panegyric on my country4    
,if we can obtain1 said he1 the cordial 
co-operation of the ,english people1 ,i 
see no difficulty before us4 ,we already
 have the ,ministry with us2 but ,i know
 the ,englishman's hatred of a foreign  
war1 his horror of public expenditure on
 continental interests1 and his general 
distrust of the policy of foreign       
courts4 ,and until we can give the      
people some evidence1 not only that our 
intentions are sincere1 but that our    
cause is their own1 we shall never have 
the nation on our side4  ,my remark was1
 that the chief difficulty with the     
nation would be1 to convince them that  
the ,allied ,powers were not influenced 
by personal motives2 ,i said that the   
seizure of territory1 while the ,french 
remained in their defenceless state1    
would probably excite strong public     
displeasure in ,england2 and plainly    
stated1 that the only thing which could 
engage the public spirit in the war1    
would be a conviction of its absolute   

justice and stern necessity4  ,the      
conversation was here interrupted by the
 arrival of a staff-officer with        
despatches from ,berlin4 ,a number of   
papers were laid on the table1 and      
handed over to ,varnhorst and ,guiseard 
to read4 ,they proved chiefly notes and 
orders relative to the advance of the   
army4 ,one paper1 however1 the duke read
 with evident interest1 and marked with 
his pencil down the margin4  ,i am      
delighted1 said he1 that this paper has 
reached us at last4 ,mr ,marston will   
now see what my real advice has been    
from the beginning4 ,the ,french        
journals have attacked me furiously for 
the declaration issued at our entrance  
on the frontier4 ,the journals of       
,england have partly echoed the ,french1
 and ,i am held up to the world as the  
author of the ,declaration of ,pilnitz4 
,this paper1 which ,mr ,marston will do 
me the honour to send at daybreak to his
 court by a special messenger1 will     
clear my character with his countrymen  

at once--with the rest of ,europe1 ,i am
 content to wait a little longer4  ,he  
then read the paper in his hand2 and it 
was a long and striking protest against 
the idea of partitioning ,france1 or    
having any other intention in the       
movement of the troops than the security
 of the ,french throne4 ,this document  
had been sent to the ,council at        
,berlin1 and been returned by them for  
revision by the duke1 and the softening 
of its rather uncourtly decisiveness of 
expression4 ,it stated1 that even the   
conquest of ,france1 if it could be     
effected1 must be wholly useless without
 the conciliation of the people3 that it
 must be insecure1 that it never could  
be complete1 and that even the attempt  
might rouse this powerful people to feel
 its own force1 and turn its vast       
resources to war4 ,the first measure    
ought1 therefore1 to be an address to   
the nation1 pronouncing1 in the clearest
 language1 an utter abjuration of all   
local seizure4  ,the paper thus         

returned1 and containing the            
observations of the council1 was given  
to ,varnhorst1 to be copied4 ,and now1  
said the duke1 gentlemen1 ,i think we   
may retire for the night2 for we have   
but three hours until the march in the  
morning4  ,i said some common-place     
thing1 of the obligations which ,europe 
must owe to a sovereign prince1 exposing
 himself to such labours1 honourable as 
they were4  ,no1 he smilingly replied2  
they are part of our office1 the routine
 of the life of princes1 the vocation of
 men born for the public1 and living for
 the public alone4 ,the prince must be a
 soldier1 and the soldier must make the 
camp his home1 and the palace only his  
sojourn4 ,it is his fortune1 perhaps his
 misfortune1 that but one profession in 
life is left open to him1 whether it be 
the bent of his temperament or          
not--while other men may follow their   
tastes in the choice1 serve their       
fellows in a hundred different ways1 and
 raise a bloodless reputation among     

mankind4 ,and now1 good-night4          
,to-morrow at five the advance moves4   
,at six ,i shall be on horseback1 and   
then--,well6 what matter for the then8  
,we shall sleep at least to-night2 and  
so1 farewell4     ,,index ,,to ,,vol4   
,,liv4   ,aberdeen1 ,lord1 remarks on   
his church bill1 #ede4  ,adventures in  
,louisiana1 ,no4 ,i41 ,the ,prairie and 
the ,swamp1 #dc   --,no4 ,,ii41 ,the    
,blockhouse1 #bcd4  ,adventures in      
,texas1 ,no4 ,i41 ,a ,scamper in the    
,prairie of ,jacinto1 #eea   --,no4     
,,ii41 ,a ,trial by ,jury1 #ggg4        
,ahmed-,kiuprili1 career of1 #age4      
,anti-corn-law ,league1 proceedings of  
the1 #eci4  ,ancient ,towns1 a plea for1
 against railways1 #cih4  ,aristocracy  
of ,england1 the1 #ea4  ,armada1 the1   
from ,schiller1 #adc4  ,armansperg1     
,count1 administration of1 in ,greece1  
#cdh4  ,arne the composer1 #bf4  ,art1  
,british1 present state of1 #ahh4       
,athens1 population1 institutions1 c41  
of1 #ceb4  ,atlantic and ,pacific       

,oceans1 on the best means of           
establishing a communication between    
the1 #feh4  ,austria1 commerce1 c41 of1 
#bea4  ,ballads of ,schiller1 the4 ,see 
,schiller4  ,balzac1 ,m41 ,two ,dreams1 
a sketch by1 #fgb4  ,banking-house1 the1
 a history in three parts4 ,part ,i4    
,chap4 ,i41 ,prospective1 #egf          
--,chap4 ,,ii41 ,retrospective1 #egh    
--,chap4 ,,iii41 ,the beginning of the  
end1 #ehb   --,chap4 ,,iv41 ,miching    
mallecho1 it means mischief1 #ehe       
--,chap4 ,v41 ,matters of course1 #ehh  
--,chap4 ,,vi41 ,a discovery1 #eib      
--,chap4 ,,vii41 ,the end of the        
beginning1 #eid4   ,part ,,ii4 ,chap4   
,i41 ,a negotiation1 #gai   --,chap4    
,,ii41 ,a lull4 #gbc   --,chap4 ,,iii41 
,a sweet couple1 #gbe   --,chap4 ,,iv41 
,a speculation1 #gcj   --,chap4 ,v41 ,a 
landed proprietor1 #gcc4  ,bankruptcy of
 the ,greek kingdom1 the1 #cde   --means
 of averting it1 #cfa4  ,barrett1       
,elizabeth ,b41 ,cry of the ,children1  
by1 #bfj4  ,bavarian government of      

,greece1 effects of the1 #cde4          
,bennett's ,ceylon and its capabilities1
 review of1 #fbb4  ,blockhouse1 the1 an 
adventure in ,louisiana1 #bcd4  ,bridge 
over the ,thur1 the1 from the ,german of
 ,gustav ,schwab1 #gag4  ,british       
institution1 exhibition at the1 #bjc4   
,brownrigg1 ,sir ,robert1 conquest of   
,kandy1 by1 #fcb4  ,bulwer1 ,sir ,edward
 ,lytton1 ,bart41 translation of the    
poems and ballads of ,schiller1 by4     
,part the last1 #aci4   --,love and     
,death1 by1 #gag4  ,bute1 lines written 
in1 by ,delta1 #gdi4  ,byrd1 the        
composer1 #bd4  ,cabinet1 the ,greek1   
construction and powers of the1 #cej4   
,canadian corn bill1 the1 #edc4  ,canal1
 proposed between the ,atlantic and     
,pacific oceans1 #feh4  ,carlyle's ,past
 and ,present1 review of1 with notices  
of his other works1 #aba4  ,ceylon and  
its capabilities1 by ,bennett1 review   
of1 #fbb   --its climate1 #fbf          
--sketch of its history1 #fbg4          
,chapters of ,turkish ,history2 ,no4 ,x4

 ,the ,second ,siege of ,vienna1 #agc4  
,charles ,edward at ,versailles on the  
,anniversary of the ,battle of          
,culloden1 a poem1 #ajg4  ,chronicles of
 ,paris--the ,rue ,st ,denis1 #ebd4     
,cinghalese1 character of the1 #fbg4    
,cobden1 ,mr1 refutation of his         
statements regarding the colonies1 #djg1
 #fcg   --his misrepresentations on the 
corn question1 #eci4  ,college          
,theatricals1 a tale1 #gcg4  ,colonies1 
the1 examination of ,cobden's statements
 regarding1 #dji1 #fcg4  ,commencement  
of the ,new ,century1 the1 from the     
,german of ,schiller1 #aea4  ,commercial
 ,intercourse between the ,atlantic and 
,pacific ,oceans1 on the best means of  
establishing1 #feh4  ,commercial        
,policy1 ,europe1 #bdc   --ships1       
colonies1 and commerce1 #djf   --the    
same continued1 #fcg4  ,comparison of   
the protective and free-trade systems1  
#bdc1 #djf1 #fcg4 ,conflict1 the1 on the
 ,german of ,schiller1 #add4            
,continental nobility1 comparison of    

with the ,british1 #ef4  ,corn-law      
,question1 the1 #eci4  ,council of      
,state1 the ,greek1 #cej4  ,creswick1   
,mr1 remarks on the style of1 #ahh4     
,cry of the ,children1 the1 #bfj4       
,darien company1 the1 #ffa4  ,davie1    
,major1 conduct of1 in ,ceylon1 #fbh4   
,death from the ,sting of a ,serpent1   
lines on1 #gih4  ,delta1 a ,vision of   
the ,world by1 #cdc   --,lines written  
in the ,isle of ,bute by1 #gdi4         
,devil's ,frills1 the1 a ,dutch         
illustration of the water cure1         
--,chap4 ,i4 #bbe   --,chap4 ,,ii4 ib4  
--,chap4 ,,iii4 #bbg   --,chap4 ,,iv4   
#bbh   --,chap4 ,v4 #bcj   --,chap4     
,,vi4 #bcb4  ,disturbed ,districts of   
,wales1 notes on a tour in the1 by      
,joseph ,downes1 #gff4  ,downes1        
,joseph1 tour in the disturbed districts
 of ,wales by1 #gff4  ,dutch1 landing of
 the1 in ,ceylon1 #fbg4  ,early ,english
 ,musicians1 notices of1 #bc4  ,early   
,greek ,romances1 the ,ethiopics of     
,heliodorus1 #aji4  ,education1         

institutions for1 in ,greece1 #ceg4     
,education1 the government scheme of1   
#edh4  ,emma1 lines to1 from the ,german
 of ,schiller1 #aej4  ,england1 the     
aristocracy of1 #ea4  ,english music and
 musicians1 #bc4  ,epigram on ,dr ,toe1 
c41 #bfc4  ,erigena1 letter from1 to    
,christopher ,north1 #bfc4  ,ethiopics  
of ,heliodorus1 account of the1 #aji4   
,europe1 commercial policy of1 #bdc4    
,exhibitions1 notices of--the ,royal    
,academy's1 #ahh   --the ,suffolk       
,street gallery1 #aii   --paintings in  
water-colours1 #bja   --the ,british    
,institution1 #bjc4  ,factory bill1 the1
 #edh4  ,fanariotes1 character of the1  
#cea4  ,farewell to the ,reader1 from   
the ,german of ,schiller1 #aeb4  ,fate  
of ,polycrates1 the1 #dhc4  ,france1    
conduct of1 towards ,greece1 #cei4      
,frederick ,schlegel1 review of the     
works and character of1 #caa4           
,free-trade and protective systems1     
comparison of the1 #bdh4  ,french       
academy1 #eai4  ,french and ,german     

works of fiction1 comparison between1   
#fgb4  ,fuseli's ,lectures at the ,royal
 ,academy3 his introduction1 #fia       
--,lecture ,i41 #fid     --,,ii41 #fig  
--,,iii41 #gjc4  ,game up with the      
repeal agitation1 the1 #fgi4  ,german   
and ,french literature1 comparison      
between1 #fgb4  ,gibbons the composer1  
#bd4  ,gifts of ,terek the1 translated  
from the ,russian of ,lermontoff1 by ,j4
 ,b4 ,shaw1 #gii4  ,gods of ,greece1    
the1 from the ,german of ,schiller1     
#adf4  ,goethe1 remarks by1 on the      
,schlegels1 #caa4  ,great ,britain1     
proceedings of1 towards ,greece1 #cei4  
,greece1 present state and prospects of1
 #cde   --peculiarities of its          
inhabitants1 #cej   --its present       
revenues and expenditure1 #cfa4         
,guizot1 ,m41 opinion of1 on the union  
of the ,atlantic and ,pacific oceans1   
#fei4  ,heliodorus1 the ,ethiopics of1  
#aji4  ,heber1 ,bishop1 the ,whippiad1 a
 poem1 by4 ,canto ,i41 #ajj   --,canto  
,,ii41 #ajb   --,canto ,,iii41 #ajd4    

,hendia1 the history of1 #dgi4          
,hullah's method of teaching1 strictures
 on1 #cg4  ,humboldt1 ,m41 on uniting   
the ,atlantic and ,pacific oceans1 #fei4
  ,hymn to ,joy1 from the ,german of    
,schiller1 #adb4  ,inscription on the   
foundation stone of the new dining-hall1
 c41 #gi4  ,invincible ,armada1 the1    
from the ,german of ,schiller1 #adc4    
,irish arms bill1 the1 #edi4  ,jacinto1 
a scamper in the prairie of1 #eba4      
,jack ,stuart's bet on the ,derby1 and  
how he paid his losses1 #fg4  ,jolly    
,father ,joe1 a tale from the ,golden   
,legend1 #bee4  ,joy1 hymn to1 from the 
,german of ,schiller1 #adb4  ,jury trial
 in ,texas1 a1 #ggg4  ,kandy1           
description of the district of1 #fbg    
--its conquest by the ,british1 #fcb4   
,kerim ,khan1 travels of4 ,part ,i41    
#dec   --,part ,,ii41 #efd   --,part    
,,iii41 #gec4  ,king ,arthur1 ,purcell's
 opera of1 and its revival1 #be4  ,last 
,session of ,parliament1 review of the1 
#ech   --the corn question1 #eci   --the

 ,canadian corn bill1 #edc   --the      
,scotch church bill1 #ede   --the       
factory bill1 #edh   --the ,irish arms  
bill1 #edi4  ,letter to ,christopher    
,north1 #bfc4  ,lectures at the ,royal  
,academy--,henry ,fuseli1 #fia4  ,lines 
written in the ,isle of ,bute1 by       
,delta1 #gdi4  ,lloyd1 ,mr1 report by1  
on uniting the ,atlantic and ,pacific   
oceans1 #ffc4  ,locke1 ,mathew1 the     
composer1 #be4  ,logic1 ,mill's elements
 of1 reviewed1 #dae4  ,louisiana1       
adventures in2 the ,prairie and the     
,swamp1 #dc   --,no4 ,,ii41 the         
,blockhouse1 #bcd4  ,love and ,death1 by
 ,sir ,edward ,lytton ,bulwer1 #gag4    
,m',dowall1 ,general1 proceedings of1 in
 ,ceylon1 #fbh4  ,maclise1 ,mr1 remarks 
on the style of1 #ahh4  ,mainzer and    
,hullah1 comparison of the methods of1  
#cg4  ,marston2 or1 ,memoirs of a       
,statesman4 ,part ,,ii41 #a   --,part   
,,iii41 #bjg   --,part ,,iv41 #cbe      
--,part ,v41 #fjh   --,part ,,vi41 #hja4
  ,maurer1 ,m41 administration of1 in   

,greece1 #cdh4  ,meeting1 the1 from the 
,german of ,schiller1 #adi4  ,memoir on 
the best means of establishing a        
communication between the ,atlantic and 
,pacific oceans1 #feh4  ,mill's elements
 of logic1 review of1 #dae4  ,minstrels 
of ,old1 the1 from the ,german of       
,schiller1 #aeb4  ,modern painters1     
their superiority in the art of         
landscape painting to the old masters1  
review of1 #dhe4  ,municipal            
institutions of ,greece1 the1 #ceb4     
,music1 something about1 #gji4  ,music  
and musicians1 ,english1 #bc   --present
 state of1 in ,england1 #cc4  ,my       
country neighbours1 a tale1 #dca4       
,napier's 7,colonel7 reminiscences of   
,syria1 review of1 #dgf4  ,nobility of  
,england1 characteristics of the1 #ef4  
,non-intrusionism1 remarks on1 and on   
the proceedings of the party1 #ede4     
,notes on a tour in the disturbed       
districts in ,wales1 by ,joseph ,downes1
 #gff4  ,o',connell1 ,mr1 present       
position of1 #bfd   --proceedings of the

 government against1 and their          
consequences1 #fhe4  ,otho1 ,king1 state
 of ,greece on his accession to the     
throne1 #cde   --effects of his         
government1 #cdh4  ,over-production1    
effects of1 #bdc4  ,pacific and         
,atlantic oceans1 proposed communication
 between the1 #feh4  ,panama1 the       
isthmus of1 its advantages for a        
communication between the two oceans1   
#feh   --description of the town1 #ffe4 
,paris1 chronicles of--the ,rue ,st     
,denis1 #ebd4  ,parliament1 last session
 of1 review of its measures1 #ech       
--the corn-law question1 #eci           
--,canadian corn-bill1 #edc   --,scotch 
church bill1 #ede   --,factory bill1    
#edh   --the ,irish arms bill1 #edi4    
,past and ,present1 by ,thomas ,carlyle1
 review of1 #aba4  ,patent law1 effects 
of the1 #eai4  ,peel1 ,sir ,robert1     
review of his speech on the ,irish      
question1 #bgj4  ,persian princes1      
notices of the narrative of the1 #dec4  
,philhellenic drinking-song1 by ,b4     

,simmons1 #da4  ,physical science in    
,england1 state and prospects of1 #ead4 
,plea for ancient towns against         
railways1 a1 #cih4  ,poems and ballads  
of ,schiller1 the4 ,see ,schiller4      
,poetry--,philhellenic drinking-song1 by
 ,b4 ,simmons1 #da   --inscription on   
the foundation stone of the new         
dining-hall1 c41 #gi   --the ,whippiad1 
a satirical poem1 by ,bishop ,heber1    
,canto ,i41 #ajj     --,canto ,,ii41    
#ajb     --,canto ,,iii41 #ajd          
--,charles ,edward at ,versailles on the
 anniversary of the battle of           
,culloden1 #ajg   --,poems and ,ballads 
of ,schiller2 ,part the ,last1 #aci     
--,jolly ,father ,joe1 a tale from the  
,golden ,legend1 #bee   --the ,cry of   
the ,children1 by ,elizabeth ,b4        
,barrett1 #bfj   --a ,vision of the     
,world1 by ,delta1 #cdc   --the ,fate of
 ,polycrates1 #dhc   --,lines written in
 the ,isle of ,bute1 by ,delta1 #gdi    
--,death from the sting of a serpent1   
#gih   --the ,purple ,cloak1 or the     

return of ,syloson to ,samos1 #gad      
--,love and ,death1 #gag   --the ,bridge
 over the ,thur1 from the ,german1 ib4  
--,gifts of ,terek1 the1 #gii4          
,polycrates1 the ,fate of1 a poem1 #dhc4
  ,poole1 ,mr1 critique on his painting1
 ,solomon ,eagle1 c41 #ahi4  ,portugal1 
the ,french invasion of1 causes of its  
success1 #ec4  ,prairie and the ,swamp1 
the1 an adventure in ,louisiana1 #dc4   
,protective and free-trade systems1     
comparison of the1 #bdc1 #djf1 #fcg4    
,puppet-show of ,life1 the1 from the    
,german of ,schiller1 #aej4  ,purcell   
the composer1 revival of his opera ,king
 ,arthur1 and remarks on it1 #be4       
,purple ,cloak1 the1 or the return of   
,syloson to ,samos1 #gad   --,part      
,,ii41 #gae4  ,railroad1 proposed1      
across the isthmus of ,panama1 #feh4    
,railways1 a plea for ancient towns     
against1 #cih4  ,reading party during   
the long vacation1 a1 #aec4             
,rebeccaites in ,wales1 the1 #gff4      
,reminiscences of ,syria1 #dgf4  ,repeal

 agitation1 the1 #bfd   --game up with1 
#fgi4  ,resignation1 from the ,german of
 ,schiller1 #ade4  ,reviews4--,scrope's 
,days and nights of salmon fishing1 #hj 
--,carlyle's ,past and ,present1 #aba   
--the works of ,frederick ,schlegel1    
#caa   --,woman's rights and duties1    
#cgc   --,mill's elements of logic1 #dae
   --,colonel ,napier's reminiscences of
 ,syria1 #dgf   --,modern painters1     
their superiority in the art of         
landscape painting to     the old       
masters1 #dhe   --,bennett's ,ceylon and
 its capabilities1 #fbb4  ,roads1       
deficiency of1 in ,greece1 #ccf4  ,royal
 ,academy1 exhibition of the1 #ahh      
--,fuseli's ,lectures at the1 #fia4     
,royal salute1 the1 a tale1 #ejd4       
,royal ,society of ,london1 the1 #eah4  
,rue ,st ,denis1 chronicles of the1     
#ebd4  ,russia1 conduct of1 towards     
,greece1 #cei4  ,salmon fishing1        
,scrope's days and nights of1 reviewed1 
#hj4  ,scamper in the prairie of        
,jacinto1 a1 #eba4  ,schiller1 the poems

 and ballads of1 translated1 ,part the  
,last1 introduction1 #aci   --remarks on
 those of the second period1 #adj       
--hymn to joy1 #adb   --the invincible  
armada1 #adc   --the conflict1 #add     
--resignation1 #ade   --the gods of     
,greece1 #adf   --the meeting1 #adi     
--to ,emma1 #aej   --to a young friend  
devoting himself to philosophy1 ib4     
--the puppet-show of life1 ib4   --the  
commencement of the new century1 #aea   
--the minstrels of old1 #aeb            
--farewell to the reader1 ib4           
,schlegel1 ,frederick1 review of the    
works of1 #caa4  ,schwab1 ,gustav1 the  
,bridge over the ,thur1 by1 translated1 
#gag4  ,scotch ,church1 remarks on the  
bill for the settlement of the1 #edd4   
,scrope on salmon fishing1 review of1   
#hj4  ,second siege of ,vienna1 the1 a  
chapter of ,turkish history1 #agc4      
,senses1 a speculation on the1 #fej4    
,simmons1 ,b41 ,philhellenic            
drinking-song1 by1 #da4  ,singers1      
,english1 notices of1 #ca4  ,singhalese1

 character of the1 #fbg4  ,sketch in the
 tropics1 a1 from a super-cargo's log1  
#cfb4  ,sobieski1 ,john1 deliverance of 
,vienna1 by1 #ahd4  ,society of ,british
 artists1 exhibition of the1 #aii4      
,something about ,music1 #gji4  ,spain1 
effects of the want of an aristocracy   
in1 #eb4  ,speculation on the senses1 a1
 #fej4  ,stahrenberg1 ,count1 defence of
 ,vienna by1 #aha4  ,statesman1 memoirs 
of a4 ,part ,,ii41 #a   --,part ,,iii41 
#bjg   --,part ,,iv41 #cbe   --,part    
,v41 #fjh   --,part ,,vi41 #hja4        
,suffolk street gallery1 exhibition at  
the1 #aii4  ,supercargo's log1 sketch   
from a1 #cfb4  ,switzerland1 commercial 
policy1 c41 of1 #bdh4  ,syloson's return
 to ,samos1 #gad   --,part ,,ii41 #gae4 
,syria1 ,colonel ,napier's reminiscences
 of1 #dgf4  ,tallis1 the ,english       
musician1 notices of1 #bc-bd4           
,taprobane of the ,romans1 the1 #fbc4   
,taxation1 pressure of1 in ,greece1     
#ceh4  ,texas1 adventures in4 ,no4 ,i41 
a scamper in the prairie of ,jacinto1   

#eea   --,no4 ,,ii41 a trial by jury1   
#ggg4  ,thirteenth1 the1 a tale of doom1
 #dfe4  ,to a young friend devoting     
himself to philosophy1 from the ,german 
of ,schiller1 #aej4  ,travels of ,kerim 
,khan4 ,part ,i41 #dec   --,part ,,ii41 
#efd   --conclusion1 #gec4  ,trial by   
jury1 a2 an adventure in ,texas1 #ggg4  
,tropics1 a sketch in the1 from a       
super-cargo's log1 #cfb4  ,turkish      
history1 chapters of4 ,no4 ,x41 the     
second siege of ,vienna1 #agc4  ,turner1
 ,j4 ,w41 strictures on the works of1   
#dig4  ,two dreams1 from the ,french of 
,balzac1 #fgb4  ,university of ,athens1 
the1 #ceh4  ,vienna1 the second siege   
of1 a chapter of ,turkish history1 #agc4
  ,vision of the world1 a1 by ,delta1   
#cdc4  ,wales1 notes on a tour in the   
disturbed districts of1 #gff4           
,water-colour paintings1 exhibitions of1
 #bja4  ,we are all low people there1 a 
tale of the assizes4 ,chapter ,i41 #bgc 
--,chapter ,,ii41 #bhh4  ,whewell's     
philosophy of the inductive sciences1   

remarks on1 #dbb4  ,whippiad1 the1 a    
satirical poem1 by ,bishop ,heber4      
,canto ,i41 #ajj   --,canto ,,ii41 #ajb 
--,canto ,,iii41 #ajd   --,letter       
relating to1 #bfc4  ,woman's rights and 
duties1 review of1 #cgc4  ,women1 the   
wrongs of1 #eig4  ,wood-paving for      
locomotives1 advantages of1 #cih4       
,world1 a vision of the1 by ,delta1     
#cdc4  ,wrongs of women1 the1 #eig4     
,young1 ,a41 on the habits of the       
,salmon1 #hb4   ,,end ,,of ,,vol4 ,,liv4
   ,edinburgh3 ,printed by ,ballantyne  
and ,hughes1 ,paul's ,work4