produc$ f images produc$ by ,core ,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture 7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity7 ,,my/]ies ,,( ,,bee-,,keep+ ,,expla9$3 ,,be+ ,a ,,complete ,,analysis ,,( ,,! ,,:ole ,,subject2 ,,consi/+ ,,( ,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,bees1 ,,directions ,,= ,,obta9+ ,,! ,,greate/ ,,am\nt ,,( ,,pure ,,surplus ,,honey ,,) ,,! ,,lea/ ,,possible ,,exp5se1 ,,rem$ies ,,= ,,losses ,,giv51 ,,& ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,luck ,,fully ,,illu/rat$--,,! ,,result ,,( ,,m ,,?an ,,tw5ty ,,ye>s' ,,exp]i5ce ,,9 ,,ext5sive ,,api>ies4 ,,by ,m4 ,,qu9by1 ,,practical ,,bee-,,keep]4 ,,new ,,york3 ,c4 ,m4 ,,saxton1 ,,agricultural ,,book ,,publi%] #aeb ,,fulton ,,/reet4 #ahec4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ! ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahec1 by ,m4 ,,qu9by1 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,e4 ,o4 ,,j5k9s1 ,,pr9t] ,,& ,,/]eotyp]1 #aad ,,nassau ,,/reet1 ,n4 ,,york4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,brief ,,hi/ory4 ,?ree k9ds ( ,bees1 #i ,que5 describ$1 #i ,description & ,duty ( ,work]s1 #aj ,description ( ,drones1 #aa ,mo/ ,brood 9 ,spr+1 #aa ,_! ,indu/ry1 #ab ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,hives4 ,hives to be ?or\ghly made1 #ac ,diff]5t op9ions ab\t !m1 #ad ,! ,au?or has no ,pat5t to recomm5d1 #ad ,speculators support$ long en\gh1 #ae ,prefix ( ,pat5t a bad recomm5dation1 #ae ,ignorance ( affairs & committees1 #ae ,opposition to simplicity1 #af ,by ga9+ "o po9t produce ano!r evil1 #af ,fir/ ,delusion1 #ag ,*amb] ,hive1 #ag ,mrs4 ,griffi?'s ,hive1 #ah ,weeks' ,improvem5t1 #ah ,incl9$ ,bottom-,bo>ds d n ?r[ out all ! worms1 #ai ,objections to susp5d$ hives1 #ai ,see bees (t51 #bj ,hall's ,pat5t1 #ba ,jones's ,pat5t1 #ba ,an ,exp]im5t1 #ba ,reason ( failure 9 divid+ hive1 #bb ,cause ( />v+ 9 su* hives1 #bc ,advantages ( ! *angeable hive consid]$1 #bd ,v>iation ( ^! hives1 #be ,exp5se 9 con/ruct+ *angeable hives1 #be ,! surplus honey w conta9 bee-bread1 #bf ,description ( ,cutt+'s *angeable hive1 #bf ,fir/ objection co/ ( con/ruction1 #bh ,hives c be made ) less exp5se1 #bi ,old bre$+ cells w la/ a long "t1 #bi ,cells l>g] ?an necess>y at fir/1 #cj ,exp5se ( r5ew+ combs1 #cj ,be/ to use old combs z long z !y w la/1 #ca ,me?od = ,prun+ :5 necess>y1 #ca ,tools = ,prun+1 #cb ,use ( ,tobacco ,smoke1 #cc ,fur!r objections to a sectional hive1 #cd ,non-,sw>m]s1 #ce ,contra/ ( pr(it1 #ce ,pr9ciple ( sw>m+ n und]/ood1 #cf ,n to be dep5d$ ^u1 #cg ,hives n always full be=e sw>m+1 #cg ,size ( hives ne$$1 #cg ,an ,exp]im5t1 #cg ,bees d n increase if full aft] ! fir/ ye> 9 same hive1 #ch ,gillmore's sy/em d\bt$1 #ci ,utility ( mo?-pro( hives d\bt$1 #ci ,in/9cts ( ! bee always ! same1 #dj ,pr(it ! object1 #da ,common hive recomm5d$1 #db ,size ,important1 #db ,small hives mo/ liable to accid5ts1 #db ,apt to deceive1 #dc ,unpr(itable if too l>ge1 #dc ,correct size betwe5 two extremes1 #dc ,size = w>m latitudes1 #dd ,l>g] hives m safe = long ,w9t]s or backw>d ,spr+1 #dd #b1jjj in*es safe = ?is section1 #de ,k9d ( ,wood1 wid? ( ,bo>d1 c41 #df ,%ape ( little consequ5ce1 #df ,directions = mak+ hives1 #dg ,size ( cap & boxes1 #dh ,m9]'s ,hive1 #dh ,directions = mak+ holes1 #di ,a ,sugge/ion1 #ej ,glass boxes pref]r$1 #ea ,glass boxes--h[ made1 #ea ,guide-combs necess>y1 #eb ,wood ,boxes1 #ec ,cov] = ,hives1 #ed ,j>s & ,tumbl]s--h[ prep>$1 #ed ,p]fect ,obs]vatory ,hive describ$1 #ee ,"o l ,common ,hive pref]r$1 #ef ,:at may be se51 #ef ,directions = mak+ ,glass ,hive1 #eg ,plate = ,hive1 #fa ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,bre$+4 ,imp]fectly ,und]/ood1 #fb ,good /ocks seldom )\t brood1 #fc ,h[ small /ocks comm5ce1 #fd ,diff]5t ) l>g] ones1 #fe ,h[ ,poll5 is /or$ 9 ! bre$+ season1 #fe ,op]ation ( ,lay+1 & ! ,eggs describ$1 #ff ,"t f ! ,egg to ! p]fect ,bee1 #fg ,r\gh treatm5t ( ! "y ,bee1 #fg ,guess-"w1 #fh ,t]ms appli$ to "y ,bees1 #fi ,discrepancy 9 "t 9 re>+ brood z giv5 by ,hub]1 #gj ,! numb] ( ,eggs deposit$ by ! ,que5 guess$ at1 #ga ,a te/ = ! pres5ce ( a ,que51 #gc ,:5 ,drones are re>$1 #gd ,:5 ,que5s1 #gd ,liability ( be+ de/roy$1 #gf ,drones de/roy$ :5 honey is sc>ce1 #gg ,old ,que5 leaves ) ! fir/ sw>m1 #gh ,a "y ,que5 takes ! place ( h] "m 9 ! old /ock1 #gi ,o!r ,!ories1 #hj ,subject n und]/ood1 #hj ,necessity = fur!r obs]vation1 #hd ,two sides ( ! "q1 #he ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,bee ,,pa/urage4 ,sub/itute = ,poll51 #hh ,mann] ( pack+ x1 #hi ,ald] yields ! fir/1 #hi ,fruit ,fl[]s important 9 good wea!r1 #ia ,r$ ,raspb]ry a favorite1 #ia ,catnip1 ,"m-wort & ,ho>h\nd1 are s\ght aft]1 #ib ,s+ul> fatality att5dant on ,silkwe$1 #ic ,l>ge yield f ,basswood1 #if ,g>d5 ,fl[]s unimportant1 #ig ,honey-dew1 #ig ,s+ul> ,secretion1 #ih ,secretions ( ! ,aphis1 #ih ,advantages ( ,buck:eat1 #aja ,am\nt ( honey collect$ f x1 #aja ,d ,bees injure ! crop8 #ajb ,are n ,bees an advantage to vegetation8 #ajc ,a te/ = ! pres5ce ( ,que5 d\bt$1 #ajf ,an extra quantity ( ,poll5 n always detrim5tal1 #ajg ,:at combs are g5]ally free f ,bee-bread1 #ajh ,mann] ( pack+ /ores1 #ajh ,philosophy 9 fill+ a cell ) honey1 #aji ,long cells sometimes turn$ upw>d1 #aaj ,is a dry or wet season be/ = honey8 #aaa ,h[ _m ,/ocks %\ld be kept1 #aab ,?ree pr9cipal s\rces ( honey1 #aab ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,wax4 ,is ,poll5 conv]t$ into ,wax8 #aae ,h[ is x obta9$8 #aae ,hub]'s acc\nt ( a comm5cem5t ( comb1 #aag ,be/ "t to witness comb-mak+1 #aah ,mann] ( work+ ,wax1 #aai ,are crook$ ,combs a disadvantage8 #abj ,unc]ta9ty 9 weight ( ,bees1 #abb ,"s wax wa/$1 #abd ,wat] necess>y 9 ,comb-mak+1 #abd ,rem>ks1 #abf ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,propolis4 ,:at us$ =1 #abh ,is x an elaborate or natural sub/ance8 #abi ,hub]'s ,op9ion1 #abi ,fur!r ,pro(1 #abi ,rem>ks1 #acb ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,api>y4 ,its location1 #acb ,decide ,e>ly1 #acc ,bees m>k _! location on leav+ ! hive1 #acd ,*ang+ /& att5d$ ) loss1 #acd ,c be tak5 "s di/ance1 #ace ,dang] ( sett+ ,/ocks too close1 #ace ,space betwe5 ,hives1 #acf ,small ,matt]s1 #acf ,economy1 #acg ,*eap arrangem5t ( /&s1 #ach ,canal ,bottom-bo>d disc>d$1 #aci ,"s advantage 9 be+ ne> ! e>?1 #aci ,utility ( ,bee-,h\ses d\bt$1 #ada ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,robb]ies4 ,n prop]ly und]/ood1 #adb ,improp] ,rem$ies1 #adc ,difficulty 9 decid+1 #add ,weak families 9 mo/ dang]1 #add ,_! ,battles1 #ade ,bad policy to raise 9 ,hives1 #adf ,indications ( ,robb]s1 #adf ,a ,duty1 #adg ,a ,te/1 #adg ,robb+ usually comm5ces on a w>m day1 #adh ,rem$ies1 #adi ,common ,op9ion1 #adi ,a case 9 po9t1 #adi ,fur!r ,directions1 #aej ,common cause ( comm5c+1 #aea ,spr+ ! wor/ "t1 #aeb ,no necessity to h ,bees plund]$ 9 ! fall1 #aec ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,fe$+ ,,bees4 ,%\ld be a la/ resort1 #aed ,c>e ne$$1 #aed ,app>5t contradiction :5 fe$+ causes />vation1 #aee ,h[ long x w d to wait be=e fe$+1 #aef ,directions = fe$+1 #aeg ,:ole ,families may des]t ! ,hive1 #aeh ,objections to g5]al fe$+1 #aei ,arrangem5t = fe$+1 #aei ,fe$+ to induce e>ly sw>ms1 #afa ,:at may be f$1 #afb ,is c&i$ honey injuri\s8 #afb ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,worms4 ,"s 9 ! be/ ,/ocks1 #afd ,h[ ,f\nd1 #afe ,a tool = _! de/ruction1 #afe ,mi/ak5 ,conclusions1 #afg ,objections to susp5d$ ,bottom-bo>d1 #afg ,advantage ( ! ,hive close to ! bo>d1 #afh ,objection ,answ]$1 #afi ,insuffici5cy ( incl9$ ,bottom-bo>d #afi ,a ,mo? c g :]e ,bees c1 #agj ,trap to cat* ,worms1 #agj ,box = ,wr51 #aga ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,putt+ ,,on ,,& ,,tak+ ,,(f ,,boxes4 ,advantage ( ! ,pat5t ,v5d]1 #agb ,"t ( putt+ on--,rule1 #agb ,mak+ holes aft] ! ,hive is full1 #agd ,advantage ( prop] arrangem5t1 #agd ,directions = bor+ holes 9 full ,/ock1 #agf ,to be tak5 (f :5 fill$1 #agg ,"t tak5 to fill a box1 #agh ,:5 to take (f boxes "p full1 #agh ,tobacco ,smoke pref]r$ to ,slides1 #agh ,mann] ( dispos+ ( ! ,bees 9 ! boxes1 #agi ,bees dispos$ to c>ry away honey1 #agi ,n dispos$ to /+1 #ahj ,rule1 #aha ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,secur+ ,,honey ,,f ,,! ,,mo?4 ,two ?+s to be prev5t$1 #aha ,apt to be deceiv$ ab\t ! ,worms1 #ahb ,_! progress describ$1 #ahb ,a ,solution (f]$1 #ahc ,me?od ( kill+ ,worms 9 boxes1 #ahe ,freez+ de/roys !m1 #ahf ,objection to us+ ,boxes be=e ! ,hive is full1 #ahg ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,sw>m+4 ,"t to expect !m1 #ahg ,all ,bee-,keep]s %\ld und]/& x z x is1 #ahh ,means ( und]/&+ x1 #ahh ,inv]t+ a /ock r =midable at fir/1 #ahi ,requisites be=e prep>ation ( ,que5's cells1 #ahi ,/ate ( ,que5-cell :5 us$1 #aij ,/ate :5 sw>ms issue1 #aij ,clu/]+ outside n always to be dep5d$ ^u1 #aia ,exam9ations--! result1 #aia ,rem>ks1 #aib ,conflict+ ,!ories1 #aib ,bo? ,old & ,"y leave ) sw>ms1 #aib ,cause ( ! ,que5's inability to fly sugge/$1 #aic ,evid5ce ( ! ,old ,que5's leav+1 #aic ,mr4 ,weeks's ,!ory n satisfactory1 #aid ,p>ticul> directions = te/+ ! matt]1 #aif ,empty ,hives to be ready1 #aig ,bottom-bo>ds = hiv+1 #aig ,description ( sw>m issu+1 #aih ,mann] ( hiv+ c be v>i$1 #aii ,usual ,me?ods1 #aii ,:5 out ( rea*1 #bjj ,:5 !y _c be %ak5 (f1 #bjb ,all %\ld be made to ent]1 #bjc ,%\ld be tak5 to ! /& imm$iately1 #bjc ,protection f ! ,sun necess>y1 #bjc ,clu/]+ ,bu%es1 #bjd ,h[ sw>ms are g5]ally manag$ t leave = ! woods1 #bje ,no?+ b ,bees ne$$ 9 a ,hive1 #bjf ,seldom g (f )\t clu/]+1 #bjg ,d sw>ms *oose a location be=e sw>m+8 #bjg ,means ( arre/+ a sw>m1 #bjh ,"s ,compulsion1 #bjh ,h[ f> w !y g 9 se>* ( honey8 #bji ,two or m sw>ms liable to unite1 #baa ,disadvantage1 #baa ,c (t5 be prev5t$1 #bab ,indications ( sw>m+ inside ! ,hive1 #bab ,prev5t+ a sw>m issu+ = a "t1 #bac ,to prev5t sw>ms unit+ ) ^? already hiv$1 #bac ,:5 two h unit$--! me?od ( sep>at+1 #bad ,no dang] ( a /+ by ! ,que51 #bae ,"s precautions 9 hiv+ two sw>ms toge!r1 #baf ,h[ to f9d ,que5 :5 two /rang]s are toge!r1 #bag ,boxes = d\ble sw>ms imm$iately1 #bah ,return+ a "p to ! old /ock1 #bah ,me?od ( unit+1 #bai ,:5 c>e is necess>y1 #bai ,sw>m-,cat*]1 #bbj ,sw>ms sometimes return1 #bbb ,repetition prev5t$1 #bbb ,liability to ent] wrong /ocks1 #bbc ,fir/ issues g5]ally *oose fair wea!r1 #bbd ,aft] ,sw>ms1 #bbe ,_! ,size1 #bbe ,"t aft] ! fir/1 #bbe ,pip+ ( ! ,que51 #bbe ,may always be he>d be=e & aft] sw>m1 #bbf ,"t ( cont9uance v>ies1 #bbf ,"t betwe5 second & ?ird issues1 #bbg ,n always to be dep5d$ ^u1 #bbg ,a ,rule = ! "t ( ^! issues1 #bbh ,:5 x is useless to expect m sw>ms1 #bbi ,plurality ( ,que5s de/roy$1 #bbi ,! ,mann]1 #bcj ,!ory d\bt$1 #bca ,aft]-sw>ms diff]5t 9 appe>ance f ! fir/1 :5 ab\t to issue1 #bcb ,"t ( day1 wea!r1 c41 #bcc ,sw>ms necess>y to be se51 #bcc ,return+ aft]-sw>ms to ! old /ock1 #bce ,:5 !y %\ld be return$1 #bce ,me?od ( do+ x1 #bce ,m c>e ne$$ by ,aft]-sw>ms :5 hiv$1 #bcg ,two may be unit$1 #bcg ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,loss ,,( ,,que5s4 ,( sw>ms t lose _! ,que51 #bch ,a sugge/ion & an answ]1 #bci ,a disput$ "q1 #bdj ,a multitude ( ,drones ne$$1 #bda ,! ,que5 liable to be lo/ 9 h] excursions1 #bdc ,! "t :5 x occurs1 #bdc ,indications ( ! loss1 #bdd ,! ,result1 #bde ,age ( ,bees indicat$1 #bdf ,necessity ( c>e1 #bdf ,rem$y1 #bdg ,m>k ! date ( sw>ms on ! ,hive1 #bdh ,obta9+ a ,que5 f work] brood1 #bdi ,!y are poor dep5d5ce1 #bdi ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,artificial ,,sw>ms4 ,pr9ciples %\ld be und]/ood1 #beb ,"s ,exp]im5ts1 #bec ,! result unsatisfactory1 #bec ,fur!r ,exp]im5ts1 #bed ,a successful me?od1 #bef ,advantages ( ?is me?od1 #beg ,artificial sw>ms only safe ne> ! sw>m+ season1 #bei ,sometimes haz>d\s1 #bei ,"s ,objections1 #bei ,natural & artificial sw>ms equally prosp]\s1 #bfj ,?is matt] too (t5 delay$1 #bfa ,is ! age ( ! ,que5 important8 #bfa ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,prun+4 ,diff]5t op9ions z to "t1 #bfb ,ano!r "t pref]r$1 #bfc ,%\ld n be delay$1 #bfc ,objection to ,prun+1 #bfd ,/ocks prun$ n[ are bett] = w9t]1 #bfe ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,diseas$ ,,brood4 ,n g5]ally und]/ood1 #bff ,my own exp]i5ce1 #bfg ,description ( ,disease1 #bfg ,! cause unc]ta91 #bfh ,rem$ial ,exp]im5ts1 #bfh ,public inquiry & answ]s1 #bfh ,answ]s n satisfactory1 #bgj ,a cause sugge/$1 #bgj ,reasons = ! op9ion1 #bgb ,cause ( its spread+1 #bgc ,n easily detect$ at fir/1 #bgd ,symptoms to be obs]v$1 #bgd ,scald+ ! honey to de/roy ! poison = fe$+1 #bge ,:5 to exam9e /ocks t h sw>m$1 #bge ,c>e 9 select+ /ock-hives = w9t]1 #bgf ,accusations n always "r1 #bgf ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,irritability ,,( ,,bees4 ,_! means ( def5ce1 #bgg ,"t ( greate/ ,irritability1 #bgh ,prop] ,conduct1 #bgh ,h[ to proce$ :5 attack$1 #bgi ,a p]son's brea? (f5sive1 & o!r causes1 #bgi ,_! mann] ( attack1 #bgi ,smok] describ$1 #bhj ,effect ( ,tobacco ,smoke1 #bha ,/+ describ$1 #bhb ,does its loss prove fatal8 #bhc ,means ( protection1 #bhd ,rem$ies = /+s1 #bhe ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,enemies ,,( ,,bees4 ,are !y all guilty8 #bhf ,rats & ,mice1 #bhg ,are all ! ,birds guilty8 #bhh ,k+-bird--"o ^w 9 8 favor1 #bhh ,cat-bird acquitt$1 #bhi ,toad got cle>1 #bij ,wasps & ,hornets n favor$1 #bij ,ants--a ^w 9 _! favor1 #bia ,spid] condemn$1 #bib ,wax-,mo? unrivall$ = mis*ief1 #bic ,indications ( _! pres5ce1 #bif ,managem5t1 #bif ,c>e 9 turn+ ov] ,hives1 #big ,o!r symptoms ( ,worms1 #bih ,:5 !y gr[ l>g] ?an usual1 #bii ,"t ( ,gr[?1 #bii ,"t ( ,trans=mation1 #cjj ,freez+ de/roys ,worms1 ,cocoon1 & ,mo?1 #cjj ,h[ !y pass ! ,w9t]1 #cja ,/ocks m liable to be de/roy$ la/ ( ,summ]1 #cja ,:5 ,bees are safe1 #cjb ,means to de/roy !m1 #cjb ,mak+ !m drunk & _! execution by ,*ick5s1 #cjc ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,melt+ ,,d[n ,,( ,,combs4 ,! ,cause1 #cjd ,effects1 #cjd ,fir/ ,indications1 #cje ,prev5tion1 #cje ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,fall ,,managem5t4 ,fir/ c>e1 #cjg ,/rong ,/ocks dispos$ to plund]1 #cjg ,bees ,*angeable1 #cjh ,requisites = good ,/ocks1 #cjh ,great disadvantage ( kill+ ! ,bees1 #cji ,section ( c\ntry may make a diff]5ce 9 :at poor /ocks ne$1 #cji ,:5 ,bees are ne$$1 #caj ,caution1 #caa ,pr9cipal ,difficulty1 #caa ,h[ ,avoid$1 #caa ,advantages ( mak+ "o good /ock f two poor ones1 #cab ,two families toge!r w n consume z mu* z if sep>ate1 #cab ,an ,exp]im5t1 #cab ,season = op]at+1 #cac ,! ,fumigator1 #cad ,directions = unit+ two families1 #cae ,unit+ ) ,tobacco ,smoke1 #cag ,condition ( ,/ocks 9 #ahea1 #cah ,h[ !y 7 manag$1 #cah ,cause ( _! sup]ior ,?rift1 #cai ,sw>ms p>tly fill$ pay bett] ?an to cut out ! honey1 #cbj ,advantages 9 transf]r+1 #cbj ,ano!r me?od ( unit+ two families1 #cba ,unit+ ,comb & ,honey z well z ,bees1 #cbb ,:5 fe$+ %\ld be done = ,/ock ,hives1 #cbc ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,w9t]+ ,,bees4 ,diff]5t me?ods h be5 adopt$1 #cbe ,! idea ( ,bees n freez+ has l$ to errors 9 practice1 #cbf ,appe>ance ( ,bees 9 cold wea!r1 #cbf ,h[ "p ( ! sw>m is froz51 #cbg ,h[ a small family may all freeze1 #cbg ,fro/ & ,ice sometimes smo!r ,bees1 #cbh ,fro/ & ,ice 9 a ,hive acc\nt$ =1 #cbi ,! effect ( ,ice or ,fro/ on ,bees & ,comb1 #ccj ,fro/ may cause />vation1 #ccj ,o!r ,difficulties1 #ccj ,fur!r ,illu/rations1 #ccb ,accumulation ( ,faeces describ$ by "s writ]s z a disease1 #ccf ,! ,au?or's rem$y1 #ccg ,buy+ ,bees1 #ccg ,exp]im5ts ( ! ,au?or to get rid ( ! ,fro/1 #cch ,success 9 ?is matt]1 #cch ,bees :5 9 ! h\se %\ld be kept p]fectly d>k1 #cci ,a room made = w9t]+ ,bees1 #cci ,mann] ( /[+ away ,hives1 #cdj ,temp]ature ( room1 #cda ,too mu* ,honey may sometimes be /or$1 #cdb ,managem5t ( room t[>ds ,spr+1 #cdb ,"t = sett+ out ,bees1 #cdc ,n too _m /ocks tak5 out at once1 #cdc ,families may be equaliz$1 #cdd ,sn[ ne$ n always prev5t c>ry+ out ,bees1 #cdd ,does n ,analogy prove t ,bees %\ld be kept w>m 9 ,w9t]8 #cde ,! next be/ place = w9t]+ ,bees1 #cdf ,evils ( w9t]+ 9 ! op5 air consid]$1 #cdg ,b little risk ) good /ocks1 #cdh ,effect ( keep+ second-rate /ocks out ( ! sun1 #cdh ,effects ( ,sn[ consid]$1 #cdi ,/ocks to be protect$ on "s occasions1 #cej ,d ! ,bees eat m :5 all[$ to come out occasionally 9 ,w9t]8 #ceb ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,sagacity ,,( ,,bees4 ,are n ,bees direct$ alone by in/9ct8 #cec ,:at !y d ) ,propolis1 #cec ,m5d+ brok5 ,combs1 #ced ,mak+ passages to e "p ( _! ,combs1 #cee ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,/ra9+ ,,honey ,,& ,,wax4 ,me?ods ( remov+ ,combs f ! ,hive1 #ceg ,diff]5t modes ( /ra9+ ,honey1 #ceh ,gett+ out ,wax--diff]5t me?ods1 #cfj ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,pur*as+ ,,/ocks ,,& ,,transport+ ,,bees4 ,:y ! ^w luck is appli$ to ,bees1 #cfb ,rule 9 tak+ ,bees = a %>e1 #cfd ,a man may sell 8 luck1 #cfd ,fir/-rate /ocks recomm5d$ to beg9 )1 #cfe ,old /ocks are good z any if heal?y1 #cfe ,caution respect+ diseas$ brood1 #cff ,result ( ignorance 9 pur*as+1 #cff ,size ( ,hives important1 #cfg ,h[ l>ge ,hives c be made small]1 #cfh ,mod]ate wea!r be/ to remove ,bees1 #cfi ,prep>ations = transport+ ,bees1 #cgj ,secur+ ,bees 9 ! ,hive1 #cgj ,be/ ,conveyance1 #cgj ,hive to be inv]t$1 #cga ,conclusion1 #cgb ,,preface4 ,be=e ! read] decides t an apology is necess>y = ! introduction ( ano!r "w on bees into ! pres5ce ( ^? already be=e ! public1 x is hop$ t he w h ! pati5ce to exam9e ! cont5ts ( ?is4 ,! writ] ( ! foll[+ pages comm5c$ beekeep+ 9 #ahbh1 )\t any k ( ! bus9ess to assi/ him1 save a few directions ab\t hiv+1 smok+ !m ) sulphur1 c4 ,ne>ly all ! in=mation to be _h 0 s m+l$ ) errone\s :ims & notions1 t x requir$ a long exp]i5ce to sep>ate ess5tial & consi/5t po9ts4 ,x 0 impossible to procure a "w t gave ! in=mation necess>y = practice4 ,f t "t to ! pres5t1 no suffici5t guide = ! inexp]i5c$ has appe>$4 ,european works1 republi%$ "h1 are ( b little value4 ,weeks1 ,t[nley1 ,m9]1 & o!rs1 writ]s ( ?is c\ntry1 )9 a few ye>s1 h giv5 u treatises1 valuable to "s ext5t1 b h entirely neglect$ sev]al *apt]s1 v important & ess5tial to ! beg9n]4 ,keep+ bees has be51 & is n[1 by ! majority1 deem$ a haz>d\s ent]prise4 ,! ravages ( ! mo? _h be5 s great1 & loss s frequ5t1 t b little att5tion 0 giv5 to ! subject = a long "t4 ,mr4 ,weeks lo/ 8 entire /ock ?ree times 9 fifte5 ye>s4 ,b soon aft] ! discov]y 0 promulgat$1 t honey c\ld be tak5 f a /ock )\t de/roy+ ! bees1 an additional att5tion 0 manife/1 increas+ to a rage 9 _m places4 ,x seems to be easily und]/ood1 t pr(it mu/ att5d success1 9 ?is bran* ( ! f>m]'s /ock2 inasmu* z ! bees "w = no?+ & f9d !mselves4 ,?is int]e/ 9 bees %\ld be enc\rag$ to cont9ue till en\gh are kept to collect all ! honey n[ wa/$2 :i*1 comp>$ ) ! pres5t collections1 w\ld be m ?an a ?\s& p\nds to "o4 ,b to succe$1 t is ! difficulty4 ,"s eighte5 ye>s s9ce1 aft] a propiti\s season1 an ag$ & e/eem$ fri5d said to me1 ,x is n to be expect$ t y w h su* luck always2 y mu/ expect !y w run out aft] a "t4 ,i h always notic$1 :5 p h fir/-rate luck = a "t1 t ! bees g5]ally take a turn1 & are gone 9 a few ye>s4 ,i am n sure b1 to ! above rem>ks1 may be trac$ ! cause ( my subsequ5t success4 ,x /imulat$ me to obs]vation & inquiry4 ,i soon f\nd t good seasons 7 ! lucky ones1 & t _m lo/ 9 an adv]se season1 all !y _h be=e ga9$4 ,also1 t /rong families 7 ! only ones on :i* ,i c\ld dep5d = protection aga9/ ! mo?4 ,?is induc$ ! ef=t to asc]ta9 causes t5d+ to dim9i% ! size ( families1 & ! application ( rem$ies4 ,:e!r success has att5d$ my ef=ts or n1 ! read] c judge1 aft] a p]usal ( ! "w4 ,x is "t t ! ^w luck1 z appli$ to beekeep+1 0 disc>d$4 ,! prevail+ op9ion1 t bees w prosp] = "o p]son m ?an ano!r1 "u ! same circum/ances1 is fallaci\s4 ,z well might x be appli$ to ! me*anic & f>m]4 ,! c>eless1 ignorant f>m]1 might occasionally succe$ 9 rais+ a crop ) a poor f5ce2 b w\ld be liable1 at any "t1 to lose x by trespass+ cattle4 ,he might h suitable soil 9 ! beg9n+1 b )\t k1 = ! prop] application ( manures1 x might fail to produce2 unless a *ance application happ5$ to be "r4 ,b ) ! intellig5t f>m] ! case is diff]5t3 f5ces 9 ord]1 manures judici\sly appli$1 & ) propiti\s seasons1 he makes a sure ?+ ( x4 ,call him lucky if y please2 x is 8 k1 & c>e1 t r5d] him s4 ,s ) bee-keep+1 ! c>eful man is ! lucky "o4 ,!re c be no effect )\t a prec$+ cause4 ,if y lose a /ock ( bees1 !re is a cause or causes produc+ x1 j z c]ta9 z ! failure ( a crop ) ! un?rifty f>m]1 c be trac$ to a poor f5ce1 or unfruitful soil4 ,y may re/ assur$1 t a rail is (f y\r f5ce ( managem5t some:]e1 or ! prop] applications h n be5 made4 ,9 relation to bees1 ^! ?+s may n be q s app>5t1 yet nev]!less true4 ,:y is !re s mu* m unc]ta9ty 9 api>ian sci5ce ?an o!r f>m+ op]ations8 ,x mu/ be attribut$ to ! fact1 t among ! ?\s&s :o are engag$ 91 & h /udi$ agriculture1 p]haps n m ?an "o has giv5 8 en]gies to ! nature & habits ( bees4 ,if k is elicit$ 9 ! same ratio1 we ought to h a ?\s& times m light on "o subject ?an ! o!r1 & /ill !re are "s ?+s1 ev5 9 agriculture1 t may yet be le>n$4 ,x is suppos$1 by _m1 t we already h all ! k t ! subject ( bees af=ds4 ,?is is n surpris+2 a p]son t 0 nev] furni%$ ) a full treatise1 might arrive at su* conclusions4 ,unless 8 own exp]i5ce goes deep]1 he c h no means ( judg+ :at is yet beh9d4 ,9 conv]sation relative to ?is "w1 ) a p]son ( consid]able sci5tific atta9m5ts1 he rem>k$1 ,y d n want to give ! natural hi/ory ( bees at all2 t is already suffici5tly und]/ood4 ,& h[ is x und]/ood2 z ,hub] gives x1 or 9 accordance ) "s ( our own writ]s8 ,if we take ,hub] z a guide1 we f9d _m po9ts rec5tly contradict$4 ,if we comp>e au?ors ( our day1 we f9d !m contradict+ ea* o!r4 ,"o recomm5ds a peculi>ly con/ruct$ hive1 z j ! ?+ adapt$ to _! nature & in/9cts4 ,if a s+le po9t is 9 accordance ) _! nature1 he labors to twi/ all ! o!rs to 8 purpose1 al?\gh x may involve a fundam5tal pr9ciple impossible to reconcile4 ,"s "o else succe$s 9 ano!r po9t1 & proce$s to recomm5d some?+ altoge!r diff]5t4 ,false & contradictory ass]tions are made ei!r ?r\gh ignorance1 or int]e/4 ,int]e/ may bl9d ! judgm5t1 & spuri\s hi/ory may deceive4 ,x is folly to expect success 9 bee-keep+ = any l5g? ( "t1 )\t a correct k ( _! nature & in/9cts2 & ?is we %all nev] obta9 by ! c\rse hi!rto pursu$4 ,z mu* ( _! labor is p]=m$ 9 ! d>k1 & difficult to be obs]v$1 x has giv5 rise to conjecture & false reason+1 lead+ to false conclusions4 ,:5 ,i say a ?+ is s1 or say x is n s1 :at evid5ce has ! read] t x is prov$ or demon/rat$8 ,my m]e ass]tions are n expect$ to be tak5 9 pref]5ce to ano!r's2 ( su* pro(1 we h m ?an en\gh4 ,mo/ p h n ! "t1 pati5ce1 or ability1 to set d[n quietly ) close obs]vation1 & inve/igate ! subject ?or\ghly4 ,h5ce x has be5 f\nd easi] to receive error = tru?1 ?an to make ! ex]tion necess>y to confute x2 ! m s1 because !re is no guide to direct ! inve/igation4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 pursue a diff]5t c\rse2 & = e ass]tion endeavor to give a te/1 t ! read] may apply & satisfy himself1 & tru/ to no "o4 ,z = !ories1 ,i %all try to keep !m sep>ate f facts1 & (f] su* evid5ce z ,i h1 ei!r = or aga9/ !m4 ,if ! read] has fur!r pro( t pres5ts ! matt] 9 ano!r light1 ( c\rse he w ex]cise ! "r to a diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,i c\ld give a set ( rules = practice1 & be v brief1 b ?is w\ld be unsatisfactory4 ,:5 we are told a ?+ mu/ be done1 mo/ ( u1 l ! inquisitive ,yankee1 h a desire to "k :y x is necess>y2 & !n l to "k h[ to d x4 ,?is gives u confid5ce t we are "r4 ,h5ce1 ,i %all endeavor to give ! practical "p1 9 z close connection ) ! natural hi/ory1 t dictates x1 z possible4 ,?is "w w conta9 sev]al *apt]s entirely new to ! public3 ! result ( my own exp]i5ce1 t w be ( ! utmo/ value to all :o desire to realize ! greate/ possible advantages f _! bees4 ,! additions to *apt]s already p>tially discuss$ by o!rs1 w conta9 mu* orig9al matt] n to be f\nd else:]e4 ,:5 _m /ocks are kept1 ! *apt] on ,loss ( ,que5s1 alone1 w1 ) att5tion1 save to any "o1 n 9 ! secret1 en\gh 9 "o season to be wor? m 9 value ?an _m times ! co/ ( ?is "w4 ,! same might be said ( ^? on diseas$ brood1 artificial sw>ms1 w9t]+ bees1 & _m o!rs4 ,if su* a "w c\ld h be5 plac$ 9 my h&s tw5ty ye>s ago1 ,i %\ld h realiz$ hundr$s ( doll>s by ! in=mation4 ,b in/ead ( ?is1 my c\rse has be51 fir/ to suff] a loss1 & !n f9d out ! rem$y1 or prev5tive2 f :i* ! read] may be exempt1 z ,i c confid5tly recomm5d ^! directions4 ,ano!r new feature w be f\nd 9 ! duties ( ea* season be+ kept by itself1 comm5c+ ) ! spr+ & end+ ) ! w9t] managem5t4 ,9 my anxiety to be und]/ood by all classes ( read]s1 ,i am aw>e t ,i h made ! elegant con/ruction & arrangem5t ( s5t5ces ( second>y importance2 !re=e ju/ly liable to criticism4 ,b to ! read]1 ^: object is in=mation on ?is subject1 x c be ( b little consequ5ce4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,a ,,brief ,,hi/ory4 ,,?ree ,,k9ds ,,( ,,bees4 ,e prosp]\s sw>m1 or family ( bees1 mu/ conta9 "o que51 sev]al ?\s& work]s1 &1 "p ( ! ye>1 a few hundr$ drones4 ,illu/ration3 ,,que54 ,illu/ration3 ,,work]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,drone4 ,,que5 ,,describ$4 ,! que5 is ! "m ( ! entire family2 h] duty appe>s to be only to deposit eggs 9 ! cells4 ,h] abdom5 has its full size v abruptly :]e x jo9s ! trunk or body1 & !n gradually tap]s to a po9t4 ,%e is long] ?an ei!r ! drones or work]s1 b h] size1 9 o!r respects1 is a m$ium betwe5 ! two4 ,9 %ape %e resembles ! work] m ?an ! drone2 &1 l ! work]1 has a /+1 b w n use x = any?+ bel[ royalty4 ,%e is ne>ly de/itute ( d[n1 or hairs2 a v little may be se5 ab\t h] head & trunk4 ,?is gives h] a d>k1 %9+ appe>ance1 on ! upp] side--"s are ne>ly black4 ,h] legs are some:at long] ?an ^? ( a work]2 ! two po/]ior ones1 & ! "u surface1 are (t5 ( a bright copp] color4 ,9 "s ( !m a yell[ /ripe ne>ly encircles ! abdom5 at ! jo9ts1 & meets on ! back4 ,h] w+s are ab\t ! same z ! work]s1 b z h] abdom5 is mu* long]1 !y only rea* ab\t two-?irds ! l5g? ( x4 ,= ! fir/ few days aft] leav+ ! cell1 h] size is mu* less ?an aft] %e has assum$ h] mat]nal duties4 ,%e seldom1 p]haps nev]1 leaves ! hive1 except :5 lead+ a sw>m1 & :5 b a few days old1 to meet ! drones1 9 ! air1 = ! purpose ( fecundation4 ,! mann] ( ! que5's impregnation is yet a disput$ po9t1 & probably nev] witness$ by any "o4 ,! majority ( close obs]v]s1 ,i believe1 are ( op9ion t ! drones are ! males1 & t sexual connection takes place 9 ! air1#a p]=m+ _! am\rs :ile on ! w+1 l ! humble-bee & "s o!r insects4 ,x appe>s t "o impregnation is op]ative dur+ h] life1 z old que5s are n aft]w>ds se5 com+ out = t purpose4 #a ,! objectors to ?is hypo!sis w be g5]ally f\nd among ^? :o are unable to give a m plausible elucidation4 ,^? :o oppose ! fact t "o bee is ! "m ( ! :ole family1 w probably be 9 ! same class4 ,,description ,,& ,,duty ,,( ,,work]s4 ,z all labor devolves on ! work]s1 !y are provid$ ) a sack1 or bag1 = honey4 ,basket-l cavities are on _! legs1 :]e !y pack ! poll5 ( fl[]s into little pellets1 conv5i5t to br+ home4 ,!y are also provid$ ) a /+1 & a virul5t poison1 al?\gh !y w n use x abroad :5 unmole/$1 b1 if attack$1 w g5]ally def5d !mselves suffici5t to escape4 ,!y range ! fields = honey & poll51 secrete wax1 con/ruct combs1 prep>e food1 nurse ! "y1 br+ wat] = ! use ( ! community1 obta9 propolis to seal up all crevices ab\t ! hive1 /& gu>d1 & keep out intrud]s1 robb]s1 c41 c4 ,,description ,,( ,,drones4 ,:5 ! family is l>ge & honey abundant1 a brood ( drones is re>$2 ! numb]1 probably1 dep5ds on ! yield ( honey1 & size ( ! sw>m1 m ?an any?+ else4 ,z honey becomes sc>ce1 !y are de/roy$4 ,_! bodies are l>ge & r clumsy1 cov]$ ) %ort hairs or bri/les4 ,_! abdom5 t]m9ates v abruptly1 )\t ! symmetry ( ! que5 or work]4 ,_! buzz+1 :5 on ! w+1 is l\d]1 & altoge!r diff]5t f ! o!rs4 ,!y seem to be ( ! lea/ value ( any 9 ! hive4 ,p]haps n m ?an "o 9 a ?\s& is ev] call$ ^u to p]=m ! duty = :i* !y 7 design$4 ,yet !y assi/1 on "s occasions1 to keep up ! animal heat necess>y 9 ! old hive aft] a sw>m has left4 ,,mo/ ,,brood ,,9 ,,spr+4 ,9 spr+ & fir/ ( summ]1 :5 ne>ly all ! combs are empty1 & food abundant1 !y re> brood m ext5sively ?an at any o!r p]iod1 7t[>ds fall m combs are fill$ ) honey1 giv+ less room = brood47 ,! hive soon becomes cr[d$ ) bees1 & royal cells are con/ruct$1 9 :i* ! que5 deposits h] eggs4 ,:5 "s ( ^! "y que5s are advanc$ suffici5tly to be seal$ ov]1 ! old "o1 & ! great] "p ( h] subjects1 leave = a new location1 7t]m$ sw>m+47 ,!y soon collect 9 a clu/]1 &1 if put into an empty hive1 comm5ce anew _! labors2 con/ruct+ combs1 re>+ brood1 & /or+ honey1 to be ab&on$ on ! succe$+ ye> = ano!r t5em5t4 ,"o 9 a hundr$ may d x ! same season1 if ! hive is fill$ & cr[d$ aga9 9 "t to w>rant x4 ,only l>ge e>ly sw>ms d ?is4 ,,_! ,,indu/ry4 ,indu/ry belongs to _! nature4 ,:5 ! fl[]s yield honey1 & ! wea!r is f9e1 !y ne$ no impulse f man to p]=m _! "p4 ,:5 _! t5em5t is suppli$ ) all ?+s necess>y to rea* ano!r spr+1 or _! /ore-h\se full1 & no necessity or room = an addition1 & we supply !m ) m space1 !y assidu\sly toil to fill x up4 ,r ?an to wa/e "t 9 idl5ess1 dur+ a b\nte\s yield ( honey1 !y h be5 kn[n to deposit _! surplus 9 combs outside ! hive1 or "u ! /&4 ,?is natural indu/ri\s habit lies at ! f\ndation ( all ! advantages 9 bee-keep+2 consequ5tly our hives mu/ be con/ruct$ ) ?is end 9 view2 & at ! same "t n int]f]e ) o!r po9ts ( _! nature2 b ?is subject w be discuss$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,^? peculi> traits 9 _! nature1 m5tion$ 9 ?is1 w be m fully discuss$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ?is "w1 z !y appe> to be call$ =1 & :]e pro( w be (f]$ to su/a9 ! positions "h assum$1 :i* z yet are no?+ m ?an m]e ass]tions4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,hives4 ,,hives ,,to ,,be ,,?or\ghly ,,made4 ,hives %\ld be con/ruct$ ( good mat]ials1 bo>ds ( good ?ickness1 free f flaws & cracks1 well fitt$ & ?or\ghly nail$4 ,! "t ( mak+ !m is n v p>ticul>1 provid+ x is done 9 season4 ,x c]ta9ly %\ld n be put (f till ! sw>m+ p]iod1 to be made z want$1 because if !y are to be pa9t$2 x %\ld be done z long z possible be=e1 z ! rank smell ( oil & pa9t1 j appli$1 might be (f5sive to ! bees4 ,b :at k9d ( hive %all be made8 ,9 answ]1 "s less ?an a ?\s& =ms h be5 giv54 ,! advantages ( bee-keep+ dep5d z mu* ^u ! con/ruction ( hives1 z any "o ?+2 yet !re is no subject p]ta9+ to !m on :i* !re is su* a v>iety ( op9ions1 & ,i h b little hopes ( reconcil+ all ^! conflict+ views1 op9ions1 prejudices1 & int]e/s4 ,,diff]5t ,,op9ions ,,ab\t ,,!m4 ,"o is 9 favor ( ! old box1 & ! cruel practice ( kill+ ! bees to obta9 ! honey1 z ! only means to obta9 luck2 !y are sure to run out if !y m$dle ) !m4 ,ano!r w ru% to ! opposite extreme1 & advocate all ! extravagant fancies ( ! it9]ant pat5t-v5d]1 z ! ne plus ultra ( all hives1 :5 p]haps x w\ld be wor? m = fire-wood ?an ! api>y4 ,,! ,,au?or ,,has ,,no ,,pat5t ,,to ,,recomm5d4 ,to remove f ! m9d ( ! read] all appreh5sion t ,i am ab\t condemn+ "o pat5t to recomm5d ano!r1 ,i w\ld say 9 ! beg9n+1 t ,i h no pat5t to praise1 no int]e/ 9 deceiv+1 & ,i hope no prejudices to influ5ce me1 9 advocat+ or condemn+ any sy/em4 ,i wi% to make bee-keep+ pla91 simple1 economical1 & pr(itable2 s t :5 we sum up ! pr(it x %all n be f\nd 9 ! o!r pocket4 ,x is a pr9ciple recogniz$ by our /atute1 t no p]son is suitable z a ,juror1 :o is bias$ ei!r by int]e/ or prejudice4 ,n[ :e!r ,i am ! imp>tial ,juri/1 is n = me to say3 b ,i wi% to discuss ! subject fairly4 ,i hope "s few w be enabl$ to see _! own int]e/3 at any rate1 dismiss prejudice1 z f> z possible1 :ile we exam9e :]e9 "o class 9 community is unpr(itable to bee-keep]s4 ,,speculators ,,support$ ,,long ,,en\gh4 ,we h fai?fully support$ a ho/ ( speculators on our bus9ess = a long "t2 (t5 n c>+ "o /raw ab\t our success1 aft] pocket+ ! fee ( successful humbugg]y4 ,"o is no soon] gone1 ?an we are beset by ano!r1 ) some?+ altoge!r diff]5t1 & ( c\rse ! acme ( p]fection4 ,,prefix ,,( ,,pat5t ,a ,,bad ,,recomm5dation4 ,?is has be5 done until ! v prefix ( pat5t1 or premium1 atta*$ to a hive1 r5d]s x almo/ c]ta9 t !re mu/ be some?+ delet]i\s to ! api>ian2 ei!r 9 exp5se ( con/ruction or intricate & p]plex+ 9 managem5t1 requir+ an eng9e] to manage1 & a skilful ar*itect to con/ruct4 ,:at does ! ,am]ican savage1 :o )\t difficulty c track ! pan!r or wolf1 "k ( ! pr9ciples ( *emi/ry8 ,:at does ! ,*emi/ "k ( foll[+ a track 9 ! =e/1 :5 no?+ b )]$ leaves c guide him8 ,ea* und]/&s pr9ciples1 ! m9utiae ( :i* ! o!r nev] dream$4 ,,ignorance ,,( ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,committees4 ,?us x appe>s to be ) grant+ pat5ts & premiums1 if we take :at has be5 pat5t$ & prais$ by our committees & (fic]s z improvem5ts 9 bee-culture4 ,^! m5 may be capable1 intellig5t1 & well fitt$ = _! sph]e1 b 9 bee matt]s1 ab\t z capable ( judg+1 z ! ,hott5tot w\ld be ( ! m]its ( an intricate /eam-eng9e4 ,k & exp]i5ce are ! only qualifications compet5t to decide4 ,,opposition ,,to ,,simplicity4 ,i am aw>e t among ! ?\s&s ^: direct int]e/ is oppos$ to my simple1 pla9 mann] ( gett+ along1 _m w be ready to cont5d ) me = e dep>ture f _! pat5t1 improv$ or premium hives1 z ! case may be4 ,,by ,,ga9+ ,,"o ,,po9t1 ,,produce ,,ano!r ,,evil4 ,i ?9k x w be an easy matt] to %[ t e dep>ture f simplicity to ga9 "o po9t1 is att5d$ 9 ano!r by a correspond5t evil1 t (t5 exce$s ! advantage ga9$4 ,t we h made va/ improvem5ts 9 art & sci5ce1 & 9 e dep>tm5t ( human affairs1 no "o w d5y2 consequ5tly1 x is assum$ we mu/ correspond+ly improve 9 a bee-hive2 =gett+ t nature has fix$ limits to ! in/9ct ( ! bee1 beyond :i* %e w n g6 ,x w be necess>y to po9t out ! advantages & objections to ^! pret5d$ improvem5ts1 & !n we w see if we _c avoid ! objections1 & reta9 ! advantages1 )\t ! exp5se1 by a simple addition to ! common hive2 because if we expect to enc\rage bee-keep+1 !y mu/ h bett] success ?an a neighbor ( m9e1 :o exp5d$ fifty doll>s = bees & a pat5t1 & lo/ all 9 ?ree ye>s6 ,mo/ bee-keep]s are f>m]s2 v few are eng9e]s suffici5t to "w !m successfully4 ,i w\ld say to all su* z d n und]/& ! nature ( bees1 adh]e to simplicity until y d1 & !n ,i am q sure y w h no desire = a *ange4 ,,fir/ ,,delusion4 ,probably ! fir/ delusion 9 ! pat5t l9e orig9at$ ) ! idea1 t to obta9 surplus honey1 x 0 absolutely necess>y to h a *amb] hive4 ,to get rid ( ! depr$ations ( mice1 ! susp5d$ hive 0 contriv$4 ,! incl9$ bottom-bo>d 0 !n add$ to ?r[ out ! worms4 ,to prev5t ! combs f slid+ d[n1 ! l[] end 0 contract$4 ,! pr9ciple ( bees re>+ que5s f work]-eggs :5 de/itute1 gave rise to ! divid+ hive 9 sev]al =ms4 ,comb1 :5 us$ sev]al ye>s1 becomes ?ick5$ & black1 & ne$s *ang+2 h5ce ! *angeable hives1 ,non-sw>m]s h be5 introduc$ to save risk & tr\ble4 ,mo?-pro( hives to prev5t ! ravages ( worms1 c41 c4 ,,*amb] ,,hive4 ,! *amb] hive is made ) two ap>tm5ts2 ! l[] & l>ge/ is = ! p]man5t resid5ce ( ! bees1 ! upp] or *amb] = ! boxes4 ,its m]its are ^!3 ! *amb] af=ds all ! protection necess>y = glass boxes2 consid]$ z a cov]1 x is nev] lo/4 ,its dem]its are inconv5i5ce 9 h&l+2 x occupies m room if put 9 ! h\se 9 ! w9t]2 if glass boxes are us$1 only "o end c be se51 & ?is may be full :5 ! o!r may hold "s p\nds yet1 & we _c possibly "k until x is tak5 out4 ,i "k we are told to return su* boxes :5 n full & ! bees w soon f9i% !m1 b ?is w dep5d on ! yield ( honey at ! "t2 if abundant1 x w be fill$2 if n1 !y w be v likely to take a h9t1 & remove bel[ :at !re is 9 ! box2 :]eas if ! *amb] 0 sep>ate f ! hive1 & 0 n a *amb] b a loose cap to cov] ! boxes1 x c\ld be rais$ at any "t )\t di/urb+ a s+le bee1 & ! precise "t ( ! boxes be+ fill$ asc]ta9$1 7t is1 :5 !y are ( glass47 ,,mrs4 ,,griffi?',s ,,hive4 ,mrs4 ,griffi?1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 is said to h inv5t$ ! susp5d$ *amb] hive ) ! incl9$ bottom-bo>d4 ,"o w\ld suppose ?is 0 suffici5tly inconv5i5t to use1 & difficult & exp5sive to con/ruct4 ,,weeks' ,,improvem5t4 ,yet ,mr4 ,weeks makes an alt]ation1 calls x an improvem5t1 ! exp5se is b a trifle m2 x is suffici5t to be sanction$ by a pat5t4 ,f front to re>1 ! bottom is ab\t ?ree in*es n>r[] ?an ! top1 some:at w$ge-%ape2 x has ! m]it to prev5t ! combs f slipp+ d[n1 :5 !y happ5 to be made1 to h ! edges support$4 ,! objections are1 t fil? f ! bees w n fall z readily to ! bottom z if e side 0 p]p5dicul>1 & ! extra tr\ble 9 con/ruct+4 ,,incl9$ ,,bottom-,,bo>ds ,,d ,,n ,,?r[ ,,out ,,all ,,! ,,worms4 ,incl9$ bottom-bo>ds =m ! basis ( "o or two pat5ts1 said to be good to roll out ! worms4 ,i c imag9e a pea roll+ (f su* a bo>d2 b a worm is n (t5 f\nd 9 a roll+ condition4 ,mo/ ( u "k1 t :5 a worm drops f ! combs1 x is l ! spid]1 ) a ?read atta*$ above4 ,! only way t ,i c imag9e "o to be ?r[n out by ^! bo>ds1 is to h x dead :5 x /rikes x1 or s cold t x _c sp9 a ?read1 & w9d to %ake ! bo>d1 till x rolls (f4 ,! objections to ^! bo>ds are c\pl$ ) ! susp5d$ hive1 ) :i* !y are usually connect$4 ,,objections ,,to ,,susp5d$ ,,hives4 ,all susp5d$ hives mu/ be objectionable to any "o :o wi%es to "k ! true condition ( 8 bees at all times4 ,only ?9k ( ! tr\ble ( unhook+ ! bottom-bo>d1 & gett+ d[n on y\r back1 or twi/+ y\r neck till y\r head is dizzy1 to look up among ! combs1 & !n see no?+ satisfactory = want ( light2 or to lift ! hive f its support]s1 & turn x ov]4 ,! op]ation is too =midable = an indol5t man1 or "o t has mu* o!r bus9ess4 ,! exam9ation w\ld v probably be put (f till q sure x w\ld d no long]1 & sometimes a few days aft] t1 :5 y w v (t5 f9d y\r bees pa/ rem$y4 ,,see ,,bees ,,(t54 ,see y\r bees (t51 is a *oice recipe1--x is wor? five hundr$ doll>s at int]e/1 ev5 :5 y h b few /ocks4 ,h[ necess>y !n t we h e facility = a close & m9ute inspection4 ,h[ mu* easi] to turn up a hive t simply re/s on a /&4 ,sometimes x is necess>y to turn ! hive1 ev5 bottom up1 & let ! rays ( ! sun directly among ! combs1 to see all ! p>ticul>s4 ,by ?is close inspection1 ,i h (t5 asc]ta9$ ! cause ( "s difficulty1 & provid$ a rem$y1 ?us sav+ a good _m t 9 a %ort "t w\ld h be5 lo/2 yet1 ) a little help1 7 z valuable z any by ano!r ye>4 ,,hall',s ,,pat5t4 ,mr4 ,hall has add$ a l[] section to 8 hive1 ab\t f\r in*es deep1 ) two bo>ds inside1 l ! ro( ( a h\se1 to dis*>ge ! worms1 c42 b z ^! bo>ds w\ld int]f]e ) close inspection1 !y are objectionable4 ,sev]al o!r v>iations ( incl9$ bottom-bo>ds & susp5d$ hives h be5 contriv$1 to obta9 a pat5t1 b ! objections (f]$ w apply to mo/ ( !m4 ,i %all n we>y ! read] by notic+ 9 detail e hive t has be5 pat5t$2 ,i ?9k if ,i notice ! pr9ciples ( ea* k9d1 x w te/ 8 pati5ce suffici5tly4 ,,jones' ,,pat5t4 ,jones' divid+ hive 0 probably sugge/$ by ?is in/9ctive pr9ciple ( ! bee1 viz43 :5 a /ock by any accid5t loses its que51 & ! combs conta9 eggs or v "y l>vae1 !y w re> ano!r4 ,n[ if a hive is con/ruct$ s z to divide ! brood-combs1 x w\ld seem q c]ta9 t ! half )\t a que51 w\ld raise "o2 & we c\ld multiply our /ocks )\t sw>ms1 ! tr\ble ( hiv+1 & risk ( _! go+ to ! woods1 c4 ,,an ,,exp]im5t4 ,sev]al ye>s ago1 ,i ?\ght ,i _h obta9$ a pr9ciple t w\ld revolutionize ! :ole sy/em ( bee managem5t4 ,9 #ahdj ,i con/ruct$ su* hives1 & put 9 ! bees to te/ by actual exp]im5t1 ! utility ( :at seem$ s v plausible 9 !ory4 ,x w\ld appe> t ?is pr9ciple sugge/$ ! same idea to ,mr4 ,jones2 p]haps ) ?is diff]5ce3 ,i ?9k he did n wait to te/ ! plan ?or\ghly1 be=e obta9+ 8 pat5t 9 '#db4 ,"o v5d] ( rights ass]t$ t #fc /ocks 7 made f "o 9 ?ree ye>s2 b someh[ a great _m t obta9$ ! rights1 fail$ 9 _! expectations4 ,f my exp]im5ts1 ,i ?9k ,i c\ld guess at "s ( ! reasons4 ,mr4 ,a4--,well1 :at are ! reasons8 give u y\r exp]i5ce1 if y please1 ,i am int]e/$2 ,i _h ! "r = su* a hive1 & _h a lot made to ord]1 t co/ m money 9 ! end ?an ,i %all ev] pay aga9 = any?+ ab\t bees4 ,d n be too ha/y1 fri5d1 ,i ?9k ,i c in/ruct y to keep bees on pr9ciples 9 accordance ) _! nature1 :i* is v simple1 s t if y c be induc$ to try aga91 we w h ! hives co/ b little1 at any rate4 ,,reasons ,,( ,,failure ,,9 ,,divid+ ,,hives4 ,! greate/ difficulty ) divid+ hives1 appe>$ to be "h4 ,x mu/ be con/ruct$ ) a p>tition or division to keep ! combs 9 ea* ap>tm5t sep>ate2 o!rwise1 we make te>+ "w 9 ! division4 ,:5 bees are fir/ put into su* hives1 unless ! sw>m is v l>ge1 & honey abundant1 "o ap>tm5t w be fill$ to ! bottom be=e a comm5cem5t is made 9 ! o!r4 ,mr4 ,a4--,:at diff]5ce c t make8 ,x is necess>y to h ! hive full2 if x _c be all fill$ at once1 :y let !m fill "p4 ,! diff]5ce is ?is4 ,! fir/ combs built by a sw>m are = brood1 & /ore-combs aft]w>ds1 z ne$$2 "o ap>tm5t w be ne>ly fill$ ) all brood-combs1 & ! o!r ) /ore-combs & honey4 ,n[ 9 ! two k9ds ( cells !re is a great diff]5ce2 ^? = bre$+ are ne> half an in* 9 l5g?1 :ile ^? = /or+ are sometimes two in*es or m2 totally unfit = bre$+2 until ! bees cut !m (f to ! prop] l5g?1 :i* !y w n d1 unless compell$ = want ( room1 consequ5tly ?is side ( /ore-combs is b little us$ = brood4 ,:5 su* hive is divid$1 ! *ances are n m ?an "o 9 f\r1 t ?is ap>tm5t w h any "y bees ( ! prop] age f :i* to raise a que52 if n1 & ! old que5 is 9 ! "p ) ! brood-comb1 :]e %e w be n9ety-n9e times 9 a hundr$1 "o half ( ! hive is lo/ = want ( a que54 ,mr4 ,a4--,ah6 ,i ?9k ,i n[ und]/& h[ ,i lo/ "o-half ( ne>ly e hive ,i divid$4 ,i also lo/ "s ( !m 9 ! w9t]2 !re 0 pl5ty ( bees z well z honey2 c y tell ! cause ( ?is8 ,i w guess t !y />v$4 ,mr4 ,a4--,/>v$6 :y1 ,i said !re 0 pl5ty ( honey4 ,i und]/ood x1 b nev]!less feel q sure4 ,mr4 ,a4--,i w\ld l to see t made pla92 ,i c't und]/& h[ !y c\ld />ve :5 !re 0 honey6 ,,cause ,,( ,,/>v+ ,,9 ,,su* ,,hives4 ,i said "o ap>tm5t w\ld be fill$ ) brood-combs2 ?is w be occupi$1 at lea/ p>tially1 ) brood z long z ! yield ( honey la/s2 consequ5tly1 !re w be b little room = /or+ "h1 b ! o!r side may be full ?r\gh\t4 ,! bees w take up _! w9t] qu>t]s among ! brood-combs4 ,n[ suppose ! honey 9 ?is ap>tm5t is all exhau/$ dur+ a sev]e turn ( cold wea!r1 :at c ! bees d8 ,if "o %\ld leave ! mass & g among ! fro/y combs = a supply1 its fate w\ld be z c]ta9 z />vation4 ,)\t frequ5t int]vals ( w>m wea!r to melt all fro/ on ! combs1 & all[ ! bees to g into ! o!r ap>tm5t = honey1 !y mu/ />ve4 ,! co/ ( con/ruction is ano!r objection to ?is hive1 z ! labor be/[$ on "o is m ?an w\ld f9i% two1 t w\ld be mu* bett]4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,! ,,*angeable ,,hive ,,consid]$4 ,! value ( *angeable hives is bas$ ^u ! foll[+ pr9ciple3--,ea* "y bee :5 x fir/ hat*es f ! egg1 is nei!r m nor less ?an a worm2 :5 x receives ! necess>y food1 ! bees seal x ov]2 x w !n sp9 a cocoon1 or l9e its cell ) a coat+ ( silk1 less 9 ?ickness ?an ! ?9ne/ pap]3 ?is rema9s aft] ! bee leaves x4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t aft] a few hundr$s h be5 re>$ 9 a cell1 & ea* "o has left its cocoon1 t su* cell mu/ be some:at dim9i%$1 al?\gh ! ?ickness ( a doz5 cocoons c\ld n be measur$2 & ?is old cell ne$s remov+1 t ! bees may replace x ) a new "o4 ,b h[ %all x be done8 ,?is is a feat = ! display ( +5uity4 ,a common man might g ab\t x 9 a v s5sible1 simple mann]1 might possibly turn ! hive ov]1 & cut out ! old combs :5 necess>y1 )\t kn[+ p]haps t ! pat5t-v5d] c\ld sell a receipt to d ! ?+ sci5tifically1 ! b5efit ( :i* w\ld be _m times on ! pr9ciple ( a surgeon cutt+ (f y\r head1 to get a good *ance to tie a small art]y accord+ to sy/em2 or w\ld %[ y a r\ndab\t way ( half a doz5 miles to accompli% :at ! same numb] ( rods w\ld d4 ,_h we n ocul> demon/ration ( ! fact1 we c\ld n suppose s _m v>iations = ! same end c\ld be inv5t$4 ,b if we rew>d +5uity1 x w be /imulat$ to great ex]tions4 ,p]haps if we describe ! m]its ( "o or two ( ?is class1 ! utility ( ?is pr9ciple may be compreh5d$4 ,,v>iation ,,( ,,^! ,,hives4 ,fir/1 !n1 ! sectional hive ( v>i\s patt]ns has be5 pat5t$2 x consi/s g5]ally ( ab\t ?ree boxes1 "o above ano!r2 ! top ( ea* has "o l>ge hole1 or sev]al small ones1 or cross-b>s1 ab\t an in* wide1 & half an in* ap>t2 ^! holes or spaces all[+ ! bees to pass f "o box to ! o!r4 ,:5 all are full1 ! upp] "o is remov$1 & an empty "o put "u ! bottom2 9 ?is way all are *ang$1 & ! combs r5ew$ 9 ?ree ye>s2 v easily & quietly done4 ,?is is z f> z a pat5t-v5d] wi%es ! subject inve/igat$2 & "s ( 8 cu/om]s h n gone beyond ?is po9t4 ,z an (fset = ^! advantages1 we w fir/ look at ! co/ ( su* hive4 ,,exp5se ,,9 ,,con/ruct+ ,,*angeable ,,hives4 ,x is z mu* "w to con/ruct ea* sep>ate section1 z a common hive2 consequ5tly1 x is ?ree times ! exp5se to beg9 )4 ,x is objectionable = w9t]+ bees1 on ! same pr9ciple z ! divid+ hive4 ,i object to x on ano!r po9t3 our surplus honey w nev] be pure1 z ea* section mu/ be us$ = bre$+1 & e cell s us$1 w conta9 cocoons correspond+ to ! numb] ( bees rais$4 ,,surplus ,,honey ,,w ,,conta9 ,,bee-,,bread4 ,also poll51 or bee-bread1 is always /or$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! "y brood2 "s ( ?is w rema9 mix$ ) ! honey1 to please ! palate ) its exquisite flavor4 ,! majority w probably pref] all surplus honey /or$ 9 pure comb1 :]e x w be ) prop] managem5t4 ,i w "h give a full description ( a hive on ?is pr9ciple1 z ,i h ! description f "o ( its advocates1 9 ! ,doll> ,newspap]1 ,philadelphia3 call$ ,cutt+'s ,pat5t ,*angeable ,hive4 ,,description ,,( ,,cutt+',s ,,*angeable ,,hive4 ,! size ( ! *angeable hive mo/ us$ 9 ?is section1 has an outside %ell1 made ( in* bo>ds1 ab\t two feet high & sixte5 & a half in*es squ>e1 ) a door hung 9 ! re>4 ,on ! inside are ?ree boxes or draw]s1 :i* w hold ab\t "o ?\s& cubic in*es ea*1 & :5 fill$ ) honey1 usually weigh ab\t ?irty-five p\nds1 :i* is a suffici5t am\nt ( honey to w9t] a l>ge sw>m4 ,! sides ( ^! draw]s are made ( bo>ds1 ab\t half an in* ?ick2 ! tops & bottoms ( ! l[] draw]s & ends ( ! upp] draw]s %\ld be ?ree-f\r?s ( an in*1 & ! draw]s %\ld be f\rte5 in*es high1 f\rte5 in*es f front to re>1 & six & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide4 ,two ( ^! draw]s /& side by side1 ) ! ?ird plac$ flatwise ^u ! two1 ) a free communication f "o draw] to ano!r1 by means ( ?irty ?ree-f\r? in* holes on ! side ( ea* draw]1 & tw5ty-f\r 9 ! bottom ( ! upp] draw]1 & holes 9 ! top & bottom ( ! l[] draw]s1 to correspond1 & slides to cut (f ! communication :5 occasion may require4 ,?us we see our hive may be "o hive1 ) communication suffici5tly free ?r\gh\t1 or we may h ?ree hives comb9$4 ,! draw]s h tubes made 9 !m1 7= ! bees to pass & repass71 :i* are made to g ?r\gh ! front side ( ! hive4 ,! back-side ( ! draw]s are doors1 ) glass set 9 !m4 ,^! draw]s set up f ! bottom ( ! hive1 & re/ on pieces ( wood1 closely fitt$ 9 su* a way1 z to make a space "u ! draw]s = ! dirt1 dead bees1 & wat]1 :i* collect 9 ! bottom ( hives 9 w9t]2 betwe5 ! draw]s & ! outside is an air space ( ab\t "o-?ird ( an in*4 ,^! hives1 :5 well made & pa9t$1 w la/ _m ye>s1 & ^? do+ mu* 9 ! bus9ess w f9d x an advantage to h a few extra draw]s4 ,hav+ giv5 y "s idea ( ! con/ruction ( ! *angeable hive1 ,i w proce$ to notice "s ( ! mo/ important reasons :y ,i pref] ?is hive to any ,i h yet se54 ,fir/ because ! hive1 be+ con/ruct$ ^u ! *angeable pr9ciple1 s t by tak+ out a full draw]1 & plac+ an empty "o 9 its /ead1 our comb is always kept new1 :]e=e1 ! size ( ! bee is pres]v$1 & kept 9 a m heal?y1 or prosp]\s /ate1 or condition1 ?an :5 oblig$ to rema9 & cont9ue to bre$1 9 ! old comb1 :5 ! cells h become small4 ,secondly1 because small1 late sw>ms may be easily unit$4 ,?irdly1 because l>ge sw>ms may be easily divid$4 ,f\r?ly1 because h[ev] late a sw>m may come (f1 x may be easily suppli$ ) honey = ! w9t]1 by tak+ f a full hive a surplus draw]1 & plac+ x 9 ! hive ( ! late sw>m4 ,fif?ly1 because a column ( air betwe5 ! draw]s & ! outside ( ! hive is a non-conductor ( bo? heat & cold1 prev5t+ ! melt+ ( ! comb1 & secur+ ! bees aga9/ fro/ & cold4 ,n[ "h is a full description ( p]haps z good a hive z any ( its class2 x is giv5 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o wi% to g miles in/ead ( rods2 !y may "k ! road1 especially z !y c h ! privilege by pay+ = x3 = myself1 ,i _h r be excus$1--:y1 read+ ! description has ne>ly exhau/$ my pati5ce2 :at %\ld ,i d if ,i attempt$ to make "o8 ,,fir/ ,,objection1 ,,co/ ,,( ,,con/ruction4 ,! fir/ ob/acle 9 ! way 7aft] ! "r is obta9$7 is ! con/ruction4 ,let's see2 we want in* bo>ds to make ! %ell1 ?ree-qu>t] in* bo>ds = ! tops & bottoms ( draw]s1 half in* = sides1 h+es to hang a door1 glass = back ( draw]s1 tubes = ! egress ( ! bees1 & slides to cut (f communication4 ,x w be necess>y to get a me*anic1 & a workman too4 ,^? #ajh holes t mu/ be bor$1 mu/ mat*1 or x is ( no use to make !m4 ,b few f>m]s w\ld h ! tools requisite1 a /ill less numb] ! skill & pati5ce to d x4 ,:at ! co/ might be by ! "t a hive 0 ready to receive ! bees1 ,i c\ld n say2 b guess x might be "s ?ree or f\r doll>s4 ,,hives ,,c ,,be ,,made ,,) ,,less ,,exp5se4 ,! "o ,i %all recomm5d1 )\t pa9t1 w n co/1 or ne$ n1 ov] #cg-a_/b c5ts1 ) cov]1 etc4 ,n[1 if we wi% hives = ornam5t1 x is well en\gh to exp5d some?+ = ! purpose2 b x is well n to ref9e too mu*1 z !re are limits :i*1 if pass$1 w r5d] x unfit = bees4 ,!re=e1 :5 pr(it is an object1 ! extra exp5se w or ought to be made up by ! bees1 9 return = an exp5sive domicil4 ,b w !y d x8 ,! m]its ( ! "o "u consid]ation are fully giv54 ,fir/1 by tak+ out a full draw] & putt+ 9 an empty "o 9 its /ead1 ! combs are always kept new1 & cells ( full size4 ,n[ ?is fe> ( bees becom+ dw>fs 9 consequ5ce ( be+ re>$ 9 cells too small1 has done m mis*ief among ! bees1 & _! own]s' pockets1 ?an if ! fact _h nev] be5 ?\ght1 or he>d (4 ,,old ,,bre$+ ,,cells ,,w ,,la/ ,a ,,long ,,"t4 ,^! old cells d n ne$ r5ew+ half z (t5 z has be5 repres5t$4 ,x is ! int]e/ ( ^! pat5t-v5d]s to sell rights2 ?is int]e/ ei!r bl9ds _! eyes z to facts1 or lulls ! int]nal monitor ( "r1 :ile acquisitiv5ess is gratifi$4 ,! same cells c be us$ = bre$+ six or eight ye>s1 p]haps long]1 & no "o c tell ! diff]5ce by ! size ( ! bees2 ,i h two /ocks n[ 9 _! t5? ye> )\t r5ewal ( comb4 ,a neighbor ( m9e kept a /ock twelve ye>s 9 ! same combs2 x prov$ z prosp]\s z any4 ,i h he>d ( _! la/+ tw5ty1 & am incl9$ to believe x4 ,,cells ,,l>g] ,,?an ,,necess>y ,,at ,,fir/4 ,! bees seem to make a provision = ?is em]g5cy1 ! %eets ( comb are f>!r ap>t ?an actually necess>y at fir/1 ! diamet] ( ! cell is also a little l>g] ?an ! size ( ! "y bee requires4 ,( ?is we are c]ta9--great _m "y bees c be rais$ 9 a cell1 & n be dim9i%$ 9 size1 suffici5t to be detect$4 ,! bottom fills up fa/] ?an at ! sides1 & z !y d s1 ! bees add a little to ! l5g?1 until ! ends ( ^! cells on two p>allel combs approximate too close to all[ ! bees to pass freely2 be=e :i* "t x is unnecess>y to remove comb = be+ old4 ,,exp5se ,,( ,,r5ew+ ,,combs4 ,"o important item %\ld be consid]$ 9 ?is matt]1 by ^? :o are s eag] = new combs4 ,x is d\btful :e!r "o 9 #ejj ev] ?\ght ( ! exp5se ( r5ew+ comb4 ,i f9d x e/imat$ by "o writ]1#b t tw5ty-five lbs4 ( honey 0 consum$ 9 elaborat+ ab\t half lb4 wax4 ,?is )\t d\bt is an ov] e/imate1 b no "o w d5y t "s is us$4 #b ,see ,app5dix ( ,cottage ,bee-keep]1 page #aah4 ,,be/ ,,to ,,use ,,old ,,combs ,,z ,,long ,,z ,,!y ,,w ,,answ]4 ,i am satisfi$ ( ?is mu*1 f actual exp]i5ce1 t e "t ! bees h to r5ew _! brood-combs 9 a hive1 !y w\ld make f t5 to tw5ty-five lbs4 9 boxes1 h5ce ,i inf] t _! "t c be m pr(itably employ$ ?an 9 con/ruct+ brood-combs e ye>4 ,i w\ld also sugge/ t :5 combs h be5 once us$ = bre$+ x is ! be/ use !y c be appli$ to1 aft] t1 z ! cocoons r5d] x unfit = mu* else ?an a little wax4 ,,me?od ,,= ,,prun+ ,,:5 ,,necess>y4 ,b :5 ! combs d actually ne$ remov+1 ,i pref] ! foll[+ me?od ( prun+1 to driv+ ! bees out entirely1 z has be5 recomm5d$4 ,x c be done 9 ab\t an h\r4 ,z we are comp>+ ! m]its ( diff]5t me?ods ( gett+ rid ( old combs1 ,i %all give m9e "h1 not)/&+ x may seem a little out ( place4 ,! be/ "t is a little be=e night4 ,! fir/ movem5t is to bl[ "u ! hive "s tobacco smoke 7! be/ means ( *>m+ !m ,i ev] f\nd72 ! bees1 depriv$ ( all disposition to /+1 retreat up among ! combs to get away f ! smoke2 n[ raise ! hive f ! /& & c>efully turn x bottom upw>ds1 avoid+ any j>1 z "s ( ! bees t 7 9 ! top :5 ! smoke 0 introduc$1 & did n get a ta/e1 w n[ come to ! bottom to asc]ta9 ! cause ( ! di/urbance2 ^! %\ld receive a %>e1 & !y w imm$iately return to ! top1 p]fectly satisfi$4 ,:5 s _m bees are 9 ! hive1 z to be 9 ! way 9 prun+1 7:i* if !re is n x is n wor? x17 get an empty hive ! size ( ! old "o1 & set x ov]1 /opp+ ! holes2 n[ /rike ! l[] hive ) a hamm] or /ick1 lightly & rapidly1 five or t5 m9utes1 :5 ne>ly all ! bees w be 9 ! upp] hive1 & set t on ! /&4 ,!re be+ n[ no?+ 9 ! way1 except a few scatt]+ bees1 t ,i w w>rant n to /+1 unless y p9* or get !m fa/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tools ,,= ,,cutt+ ,,out ,,comb4 ,! broad "o is v readily made f a piece ( an old scy!1 ab\t #ah in*es long1 by any blacksmi?1 by simply tak+ (f ! back1 & =m+ a %ank = a h&le at ! heel4 ,! end %\ld be gr\nd all on "o side1 & squ>e across l a c>p5t]'s *isel4 ,?is is = cutt+ d[n ! sides ( ! hive2 ! level w keep x close ! :ole l5g?1 :5 y wi% to remove all ! combs2 x be+ squ>e in/ead ( po9t$ or r\nd$1 no difficulty w be f\nd 9 guid+ x1--x be+ v ?92 no combs are ma%$ by cr[d+4 ,! o!r tool is = cutt+ (f combs at ! top or any o!r place4 ,x is m]ely a rod ( /eel ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* diamet]1 ab\t two feet long1 ) a ?9 blade at "r angles1 "o & a half in*es long1 & a qu>t] in* wide1 bo? edges %>p1 upp] side bevell$1 bottom flat1 c4 ,y w f9d ^! tools v conv5i5t2 be sure & get !m by all means1 ! co/ _c be comp>$ to ! advantages4 ,n[ ) ! tools j describ$1 proce$ to remove ! brood-combs f ! c5tre ( ! hive4 ,! combs ne> ! top & outside are us$ b little = bre$+1 & are g5]ally fill$ ) honey2 ^! %\ld be left z a good />t = refill+1 b take out all t is necess>y1 :ile y are ab\t x2 !n rev]se ! hives1 putt+ ! "o conta9+ ! bees "u ! o!r2 by ! next morn+ all are up2 n[ put x on ! /&1 & ?is job is done )\t "o c5t extra exp5se = a pat5t to help y1 & ! bees are mu* bett] (f = ! honey left1 :i* has to be tak5 away ) all pat5t plans t ,i h se51 & ?is1 z has be5 rem>k$1 is n wor? mu*1 occupi$ z x is ) a few cocoons & bee-bread4 ,x is wor? mu* m to ! bees1 & !y w give u pure comb & honey = x4 ,,use ,,( ,,tobacco ,,smoke4 ,i w\ld n d x = fifty doll>s1 ! bees w\ld /+ me to dea?4 ,/op a mom5t1 if y nev] tri$ ! efficacy ( tobacco smoke1 y "k no?+ ( a p[]ful ag5t2 ?is is ! gr& secret ( success2 )\t x1 ,i admit x w\ld be some:at haz>d\s2 b ) x1 ,i h done x "t aft] "t )\t receiv+ a s+le /+1 & no protection :atev]1 = ei!r h&s or face4 ,b is !re no difficulty ) our sectional or *angeable hive1 :5 ?is feat is to be p]=m$8 ,! combs w be made 9 ! two draw]s simil> to ! divid+ hive1 brood-combs 9 "o side1 & /ore-combs 9 ! o!r4 ,we wi% to remove ! "o ) brood-combs ( c\rse1 7z t is ! "o :]e ! combs are ?ick & bad1 c47 ,:]e w ! que5 be8 ,) ! brood-comb1 :]e h] duty is mo/ likely to be2 well1 ?is is ! "o we want1 & we take x out4 ,h[ is %e to get back8 ,%e mu/ g back1 or we h ?ree *ances 9 f\r ( los+ ! /ock2 b h] maje/y w rema9 p]fectly easy1 z well z "s ( ! work]s1 :]ev] y put ! draw]4 ,,fur!r ,,objections ,,to ,a ,,sectional ,,hive4 ,i c see no o!r way b to break ! box1 look h] up1 & help ! helpless ?+ home1 7! *ances ( be+ /ung may be "h too47 ,n[1 = a "t at lea/1 !y mu/ use ! o!r draw] = bre$+1 :]e mo/ ( ! cells are unfit4 ,!re is altoge!r too great a proportion ( drone-cells2 ^!1 z well z ! o!r size1 w ne>ly all be mu* too long1 & w h to be cut (f to ! prop] l5g?1 a wa/e ( wax z well z labor4 ,ano!r ?+ might be set d[n p] disadvantage ( ,mr4 ,cutt+'s hive2 ! job ( gett+ a sw>m into su* hive1 at fir/1 ,i fancy w\ld n be desirable to _m4 ,n[1 :5 we /rike ! balance1 putt+ exp5se1 difficulties1 & p]plexities on "o side1 & simplicity & economy on ! o!r1 x appe>s l a great cry = little wool4 ,b /op a mom5t1 f\r o!r advantages are enum]at$ 9 its favor3 second1 ?ird1 & f\r? are borr[$ f ! common hive1 or are all available "h :5 requir$4 ,b fif?ly1 all[s a column ( air betwe5 ! draw]s & outside ( ! hive1 is a non-conductor ( heat & cold1 c4 ,?is is an advantage n possess$ by ! common hive2 nei!r does ! common hive (f] su* advantages to ! mo?1 by af=d+ su* snug qu>t]s = worms to sp9 _! cocoons1 :5 !y _c be de/roy$ )\t consid]able tr\ble4 ,,non-,,sw>m]s4 ,"h ,i w endeavor to be brief2 ,i feel anxi\s to get ?r\gh ) ?is disagreeable "p1 :]e e ^w ,i say w cla% ) somebody's int]e/ or prejudice4 ,! m]its ( ?is hive are to obta9 surplus honey ) b little tr\ble1 :i* (t5 succe$s 9 satisfy+ p ( its utility4 ,! pr9cipal objection is f\nd on ! score ( pr(it4 ,suppose we />t ) "o1 call x wor? five doll>s 9 ! beg9n+1 at ! end ( t5 ye>s x is wor? no m1 v likely n z mu*1 7! *ances ( its fail+1 %ort ( t "t1 we w n take into ! acc\nt27 we might get annually1 say five doll>s wor? ( surplus honey1 am\nt+ to fifty doll>s4 ,,contra/ ,,( ,,pr(it4 ,! sw>m+ hive1 we suppose1 w ?r[ (f "o sw>m annually1 & make u "o doll>'s wor? ( surplus honey1 7we w n reckon t yield$ by ! fir/ sw>m1 :i* is (t5 m ?an t f ! old /ocks17 ab\t "o ?ird ( ! av]age 9 good seasons4 ,! second ye> !re w be two to d ! same2 take ?is rate = t5 ye>s1 we h #eab /ocks1 ei!r ( !m wor? z mu* z ! non-sw>m]1 & ab\t a ?\s& doll>s wor? ( surplus honey4 ,call ^! /ocks wor? five doll>s ea*1 :i* makes #b1efj1 all add$ toge!r w make ! snug little sum ( ab\t #c1ejj1 aga9/ #ee4 ,x is n to be expect$ t any ( u w realize pr(its to ?is ext5t1 b x is a =cible illu/ration ( ! advantages ( ! sw>m+ hive ov] ! non-sw>m]4 ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,sw>m+ ,,n ,,und]/ood4 ,b _m ( ^! non-sw>m]s1 'tis said1 c be *ang$ to sw>m]s to suit ! conv5i5ce ( ! api>ian--,colton's is "o4 ,x is ass]t$ t x c be made to sw>m )9 two days at any "t1 m]ely by tak+ (f ! six boxes or draw]s t are v +5i\sly atta*$2 z ?is contracts ! room1 ! bees are =c$ out4 ,n[ ,i w c&idly confess t ,i c\ld nev] get ?is ?+ to "w at all4 ,( ?is ,i am q positive1 t he 7,mr4 ,colton7 is ei!r ignorant ( ! necess>y & regul> prep>ations t bees make be=e sw>m+1 or supposes o!rs are4 ,mr4 ,weeks has advocat$ ! same pr9ciple3 he says1 ,!re is no que5 9 any /age ( exi/5ce1 9 ! old /ock1 imm$iately aft] ! fir/ sw>m leaves x4 ,i h exam9$ ?is matt] till ,i am satisfi$ ,i risk b little 9 ! bold ass]tion1 t n "o /ock 9 fifty w ca/ a sw>m %ort ( a week aft] comm5c+ prep>ations4 ,?is op9ion w be adopt$ by :oev] w take ! tr\ble to inve/igate = !mselves4 7,! *apt] on sw>m+ w give ! necess>y in/ructions = exam9+ ?is po9t1 if y wi%47 ,,n ,,to ,,be ,,dep5d$ ,,^u4 ,fur!r1 ^! non-sw>m]s are n always to be dep5d$ ^u z su*4 ,!y w sometimes ?r[ (f sw>ms :5 !re is abundant room 9 ! hive z well z 9 ! boxes4 ,,hives ,,n ,,always ,,full ,,be=e ,,sw>m+4 ,i "k ,weeks1 ,colton1 ,m9] & o!rs1 tell u ! hive mu/ be full be=e we ne$ expect a sw>m2 b exp]i5ce is aga9/ !m4 ,bees d sometimes ca/ a sw>m be=e fill+ ! hive4 ,f close obs]vation1 ,i f9d :5 a hive is v l>ge1 say #d1jjj cubic in*es1 & is fill$ ) comb1 ! fir/ season1 t su* seldom sw>m except 9 v good ye>s4 ,,size ,,( ,,hives ,,ne$$4 ,b if su* hive is only half full1 or #b1jjj in*es1 x is v common = !m to sw>m )\t add+ any new comb2 prov+ v conclusively t a hive t size1 is suffici5t = all _! wants 9 ! bre$+ season4 ,:5 ab\t #a1bjj in*es only _h be5 fill$ ! fir/ ye>1 ,i h kn[n !m to add combs until !y _h fill$ ab\t #a1hjj1 & !n ca/ a sw>m1 prov+ also t a little less ?an #b1jjj w d = bre$+4 ,i h te/$ ! pr9ciple ( giv+ room to prev5t sw>m+1 a little fur!r4 ,,an ,,exp]im5t4 ,9 ! spr+ ( '#dg1 ,i plac$ "u five full hives1 conta9+ #b1jjj solid or cubic in*es1 z _m empty ones1 ! same size1 )\t ! top4 ,i _h a sw>m f ea*2 b two _h add$ any new comb1 & ^! b little4 ,if ^! hives _h be5 fill$ to ! bottom ) comb 9 ! spr+1 x is v d\btful :e!r ei!r ( !m w\ld h sw>m$4 ,! only place we c put a good /ock & n expect x to sw>m 9 good seasons1 is inside a build+1 :]e x is p]fectly d>k1 & ev5 "h a few h be5 kn[n to d x4 ,if we c\ld manage to get a v l>ge hive fill$ ) combs1 x w\ld p]haps be z good a prev5tive z any4 ,all ! bees t c\ld be re>$ 9 "o season1 w\ld h suffici5t room 9 ! combs ready made = _! labors1 & !re w\ld be no necessity = _! emigration4 ,b :at becomes ( all ! bees rais$ 9 ! c\rse ( sev]al ye>s8 ,to ?is "q ,i %all n probably be able to give a satisfactory answ] at pres5t4 ,,bees ,,d ,,n ,,increase1 ,,if ,,full1 ,,aft] ,,! ,,fir/ ,,ye>1 ,,9 ,,same ,,hive4 ,i only w notice ! fact1 t ! bees someh[ disappe>1 & !re is no m at ! end ( five ye>s ?an at ! end ( "o4 ,a /ock ( bees may conta9 #f1jjj ! fir/ ( ,may1 & raise #bj1jjj 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>2 by ! fir/ ( ! next ,may1 z a g5]al ?+1 n "o m w be f\nd1 ev5 :5 no sw>m _h issu$4 ,,gillmore',s ,,sy/em ,,d\bt$4 ,n[ ?is fact is n kn[n by a rec5t pat5tee f ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e1 7else he supposes o!rs d n17 z he recomm5ds plac+ bees 9 a h\se1 & empty hives 9 connection ) ! "o conta9+ bees1 & 9 a few ye>s all w be full4 ,he has discov]$ a mixture to fe$ bees1 7to be notic$ h]eaft]72 ?is may acc\nt = an unusual quantity be+ /or$ by an ord9>y siz$ family4 ,he said ano!r ?+1 t is1 ea* ( ^! add$ hives w\ld conta9 a que56 ,?is w\ld seem to expla9 away ! fir/ difficulty ( ! cont9u$ increase ( bees1 & s x w\ld if x did n get into ano!r equally errone\s2 "o error nev] made ano!r true4 ,?is idea ( bees rais+ a que51 m]ely because !y h a side box to ! ma9 hive1 is contr>y to all my exp]i5ce1 & to ! exp]i5ce ( all writ]s 7except himself7 t ,i h consult$4 ,if ! pr9ciple is correct1 :y n sometimes raise a que5 9 a box on ! top or side = u8 ,i nev] discov]$ a s+le in/ance1 :]e two p]fect que5s 7 quietly ab\t _! duties 9 connection ) "o hive4 ,! deadly ho/ility ( que5s is kn[n to all obs]v+ api>ians4 ,n hav+ ! lea/ fai? 9 ! pr9ciple1 ,i w leave x4 ,,utility ,,( ,,mo?-,,pro( ,,hives ,,d\bt$4 ,z = mo?-pro( hives1 ,i h b little to say1 z ,i h n ! lea/ fai? 9 "o ( !m4 ,:5 ,i come to speak ( t insect1 ,i w %[1 ,i ?9k1 conclusively1 t no place :]e bees are all[$ to ent] is safe f !m4 ,sev]al o!r p]fect hives might be m5tion$2 yet ,i believe t ,i h notic$ ! pr9ciples ( ea*4 ,h ,i n said en\gh8 ,su* z are n satisfi$ n[ w\ld n be if ,i fill$ a volume4 ,our view ( ?+s is ! result ( a ?\s& v>i\s causes2 ! mo/ p[]ful is int]e/1 or prejudice4 ,x is said t 9 ,europe1 ! same +5uity is display$ 9 twi/+ & tortur+ ! bee1 to adapt h] natural in/9ct to unnatural t5em5ts2 t5em5ts inv5t$ n because ! bee ne$s !m1 b because ?is is a means available = a little *ange4 ,pat5t m5 h f\nd ! p g5]ally too ignorant ( api>ian sci5ce4 ,b let u hope t _! days ( prosp]ity 9 ?is l9e are ab\t numb]$4 ,,in/9cts ,,( ,,! ,,bee ,,always ,,! ,,same4 ,let u fully und]/& t ! nature ( ! bee1 :5 view$ "u any condition1 climate1 or circum/ance1 is ! same4 ,in/9cts fir/ implant$ by ! h& ( ! ,creator1 h pass$ ?r\gh millions ( g5]ations1 unimpair$1 to ! pres5t day1 & w cont9ue un*ang$ ?r\gh all future "t1 till ! la/ bee passes f ! e>?4 ,we may1 we h1 to gratify acquisitiv5ess1 =c$ !m to labor "u e disadvantage2 yes1 we h compell$ !m to sacrifice _! indu/ry1 prosp]ity1 & ev5 _! lives h be5 yield$1 b nev] _! in/9cts4 ,we may de/roy life1 b _c improve or take f _! nature4 ,! laws t gov]n !m are fix$ & immutable z ! ,univ]se4 ,spr+ returns to its annual task2 dissolves ! fro/1 w>ms into life nature's dormant p[]s4 ,fl[]s ) a smile ( joy1 exp& _! delicate petals 9 grateful ?anks1 :ile ! /am5s su/a9 ^u _! tap]+ po9ts ! an!rs cov]$ ) ! f]tiliz+ poll51 & ! pi/il spr+s f a cup ( liquid nect>1 imp>t+ to ea* pass+ breeze delici\s fragrance1 invit+ ! bee z ) a ?\s& tongues to ! sumptu\s banquet4 ,%e does n ne$ an artificial /imulus f man1 z an inducem5t to p>take ( ! fea/2 )\t 8 aid or assi/ance %e visits ea* wa/+ cup ( sweetness1 & secures ! t9y drop1 :ile ! sup]abundant f>9a1 dislodg$ f ! nodd+ an!rs1 cov]s h] body1 to be bru%$ toge!r & knead$ into bread4 ,all %e requires at ! h&s ( man1 is a suitable /oreh\se = h] treasures4 ,9 good seasons1 h] nature ,w prompt ! ga!r+ = h] own use an ov] supply4 ,?is surplus man may appropriate to 8 own use1 )\t detrim5t to 8 bees1 provid+ 8 managem5t is 9 accordance ) _! nature4 ,,pr(it ,,! ,,object4 ,to give ! bees all necess>y advantages1 & obta9 ! greate/ possible am\nt ( pr(it1 ) ! lea/ possible exp5se1 has be5 my /udy = ye>s4 ,i might keep a few /ocks = amusem5t1 ev5 if x 0 att5d$ ) no doll> & c5t pr(it1 b ! numb] w\ld be v small2 ,i w hone/ly confess !n1 t pr(it is ! actuat+ pr9ciple ) me4 ,i h a /rong suspicion t ! majority ( read]s h simil> motives4 ,i am sure1 !n1 t all ( u ) ^! views1 w consid] x a pity1 :5 a /ock produces five doll>s wor? ( surplus honey1 to be oblig$ to pay ?ree or f\r ( x = pat5t & o!r useless fix+s4 ,,common ,,hive ,,recomm5d$4 ,i w\ld n ex*ange ! hive ,i h us$ = ! la/ t5 ye>s = any pat5t ,i ev] saw1 if furni%$ gratis4 ,i w gu>antee t x af=ds means to obta9 surplus honey1 z mu* 9 quantity & 9 any way :i* fancy may dictate1 :e!r 9 wood or glass1 & :at is m ?an all1 x %all co/ no?+ = ! privilege ( us+4 ,,size ,,important4 ,aft] decid+ :at k9d ( hive we want1 ! next important po9t is ! size4 ,dr4 ,bevan1 an ,engli% au?or1 recomm5ds a size elev5 & ?ree-eigh?s in*es squ>e1 by n9e deep 9 ! cle>1 mak+ only ab\t #a1bjj in*es1 & s few p\nds necess>y to w9t] ! bees1 t :5 ,i read x1 ,i f\nd myself wond]+ if ! ,engli% in* & p\nd 7 ! same z ours4 ,,small ,,hives ,,m ,,liable ,,to ,,accid5ts4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,i ?9k x too small = our ,yankee bees 9 any place4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 t ! que5 ne$s room = all h] eggs1 & ! bees ne$ space to /ore _! w9t] provisions2 = reasons be=e giv51 ?is %\ld be 9 "o ap>tm5t4 ,:5 ?is is too small1 ! consequ5ces w be1 _! w9t] supply ( food is liable to run out4 ,! sw>ms f su* w be small] & ! /ock mu* m liable to accid5ts1 :i* soon f9i% !m (f4 ,,apt ,,to ,,deceive4 ,yet ,i c imag9e h[ "o c be deceiv$ by su* a small hive1 & recomm5d x /rongly2 especially if pat5t$4 ,suppose y locate a l>ge sw>m 9 a hive ne> ! size ( ,dr4 ,bevan's2 ! bees w\ld occupy ne>ly all ! room ) brood-combs2 n[ if y put on boxes1 & z soon z fill$ put on empty ones1 ! am\nt ( surplus honey w\ld be great2 v satisfactory = ! fir/ summ]1 b 9 a ye> or two y\r little hive is gone4 ,?is result w be 9 proportion z we enl>ge our hives1 until we arrive at ! opposite extreme4 ,,unpr(itable ,,if ,,too ,,l>ge4 ,if too l>ge1 m honey w be /or$ ?an is requir$ = _! w9t] use4 ,x is evid5t a portion might h be5 tak51 if x _h be5 /or$ 9 boxes4 ,! sw>ms w n be proportionably l>ge :5 !y d issue1 :i* is seldom--b !re is ?is advantage1 !y la/ a long "t1 & are b little pr(it 9 surplus honey1 or sw>ms4 ,,correct ,,size ,,betwe5 ,,two ,,extremes4 ,betwe5 ! two extremes1 l mo/ o!r cases1 is f\nd ! correct place4 ,a hive twelve in*es squ>e1 ea* way1 inside1 has be5 recomm5d$ z ! correct size4 ,"h are #a1gbh cubic in*es4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is suffici5t = _m places1 z ! que5 probably has all ! room necess>y = deposit+ h] eggs2 & z ! sw>ms are m num]\s1 & ne>ly z l>ge z f hives mu* l>g]2 also1 !re is room = honey suffici5t to c>ry ! bees ?r\gh ! w9t]1 at lea/1 9 _m sections s\? ( #dj degrees latitude1 :]e ! w9t] is some:at %ort4 ,,size ,,= ,,w>m ,,latitudes4 ,?is size w also d 9 ?is latitude 7#db degrees17 9 "s seasons1 b n at all 9 o!rs4#c ,n "o sw>m 9 fifty w consume tw5ty-five lbs4 ( honey ?r\gh ! w9t]1 t is1 f ! la/ ( ,septemb] to ! fir/ ( ,april1 7six mon?s74 ,! av]age loss 9 t "t is ab\t eighte5 lbs42 b ! critical "t is lat]2 ab\t ! la/ ( ,may1 or fir/ ( ,june1 9 _m places4 #c ,:5 ,mr4 ,m9] wrote 8 manual recomm5d+ ?is size1 #a1gbh in*es1 = all situations1 x %\ld be rememb]$ he liv$ on ,long ,isl&4 ,s9ce remov+ to ,oneida ,c\nty 9 ?is ,/ate1 ei!r 8 own exp]i5ce or "s o!r cause has *ang$ 8 views1 z he n[ recomm5ds my size1 viz41 #b1jjj in*es4 ,,l>g] ,,hive ,,m ,,safe ,,= ,,long ,,w9t]s ,,or ,,backw>d ,,spr+4 ,ab\t ! fir/ ( ,april !y comm5ce collect+ poll5 & re>+ _! "y2 by ! middle ( ,may all good /ocks w occupy ne>ly1 if n q all1 _! brood-combs = t purpose1 b little honey is obta9$ be=e fruit blossoms appe>2 :5 ^! are gone1 no m ( any am\nt is obta9$ until clov] appe>s1 :i* is "s t5 days lat]4 7,i am speak+ n[ p>ticul>ly ( ?is section2 ,i am aw>e x is v diff]5t 9 o!r places1 :]e diff]5t fl[]s exi/47 ,n[ if ?is season ( fruit fl[]s %\ld be accompani$ by high w9ds1 or cold ra9y wea!r1 b little honey is obta9$2 & our bees h a num]\s brood on h& t mu/ be f$4 ,9 ?is em]g5cy1 if no honey is on h& ( ! previ\s ye>1 a fam9e ensues2 !y de/roy _! drones1 p]haps "s ( _! brood1 & = aught ,i "k put ! old bees on %ort all[ance4 ,?is ,i d "k1 t ! :ole family has actually />v$ at ?is season2 sometimes 9 small hives4 ,?is ( c\rse dep5ds on ! season2 :5 favorable1 no?+ ( ! k9d occurs4 ,prud5ce !re=e dictates ! necessity ( a provision = ?is em]g5cy1 by mak+ ! hive a little l>g] = nor!rn latitudes1 z a little m honey w be /or$ to take !m ?r\gh ?is critical p]iod4 ,f a s]ies ( exp]im5ts closely obs]v$4 #b1jjj ,,in*es ,,safe ,,= ,,?is ,,section4 ,i am satisfi$ t #b1jjj in*es 9 ! cle>1 is ! prop] size = safety 9 ?is section1 & consequ5tly1 pr(it4 ,on an av]age1 sw>ms f ?is size are z l>ge z any4 ,! dim5sions %\ld be uni=m 9 all cases1 :atev] size is decid$ on4 ,x is folly to accommodate ea* sw>m ) a hive correspond+ 9 size2 a v small family ?is ye>1 may be v l>ge next1 & a v l>ge "o1 v small1 c4 ,a que5 belong+ to a small sw>m w be capable ( deposit+ z _m eggs1 z ano!r belong+ to a b>rel full4 ,a small family able to get ?r\gh ! w9t] & spr+1 may be expect$ by ano!r ye> to be z num]\s z any4 ,,k9d ,,( ,,wood1 ,,wid? ,,( ,,bo>d1 ,,etc4 ,( ! k9ds ( wood = hives1 p9e is pref]able1 /ill o!r k9ds w d2 ,i h no fai? 9 bees lik+ "o k9d bett] ?an ano!r1 & less likely to leave on t acc\nt4 ,hemlock is *eap]1 & us$ to a great ext5t2 :5 p]fectly s\nd is z good z any?+1 b is v liable to split1 ev5 aft] ! bees h be5 9 !m "s "t4 ,x %\ld be us$ only :5 bett] wood _c be obta9$4 ,bass wood :5 us$ = hives %\ld always be pa9t$1 & !n w be v liable to w>p f ! moi/ure aris+ f ! bees inside4 ,:5 n pa9t$ outside1 & all[$ to get wet1 if only = a few h\rs1 s mu* moi/ure is absorb$ t x w b5d outw>d1 & cleave f ! combs & crack !m4 ,a few days ( dry wea!r w relieve ! outside ( wat]1 & ! inside kept moi/ by ! bees1 ! b5d+ w be rev]s$1 & ! combs press$ inw>d1 keep+ ! bees fix+ t :i* w n /ay fix$4 ,p]haps !re is wood z suitable or bett] ?an p9e1 b x is n z common4 ,,%ape ,,( ,,no ,,consequ5ce4 ,bo>ds %\ld be select$1 if possible1 t w be ! prop] wid? to make ! hive ab\t squ>e1 ( ! "r size4 ,say twelve in*es squ>e1 inside1 by f\rte5 deep4 ,i pref] ?is %ape to any o!r1 yet x is n all important4 ,i h _h "s t5 in*es squ>e by tw5ty 9 l5g?2 !y 7 awkw>d look+1 b t 0 all1 ,i c\ld discov] no diff]5ce 9 _! prosp]ity4 ,also1 ,i h _h !m twelve in*es deep by ?irte5 squ>e1 ) ! same result4 ,h5ce1 if we avoid extremes1 & give ! requir$ room1 ! %ape c make b little diff]5ce4 ,x has be5 recomm5d$ to plane ! bo>ds = hives1 inside & out2 b bees1 :5 fir/ put into su* hive1 f9d mu* difficulty 9 hold+ fa/ until !y get _! combs />t$1 h5ce ?is tr\ble is worse ?an useless4 ,,directions ,,= ,,mak+ ,,hives4 ,if hives are n desir$ ( ! *eape/ possible con/ruction1 ! outside may be plan$ & pa9t$2 b x is d\btful :e!r /rict economy w\ld dem& x4 ,yet a pa9t$ hive appe>s s mu* bett]1 t x ought to be done1 especially z ! pa9t adds almo/ en\gh to its durability to pay ! exp5se4 ,! color may be :atev] fancy dictates2 ! mo? w n probably be attract$ by "o color m ?an ano!r4 ,:ite is affect$ ! lea/ by ! sun 9 hot wea!r4 ,lime is put on z :ite-wa%1 annually1 by _m1 z a protection aga9/ insects4 ,:5 hives are n pa9t$1 ! gra9 %\ld nev] be crosswise1 hav+ ! wid? ( bo>ds =m ! height2 n t ! bees w\ld h any dislike to su*1 b nails w n hold firmly1 !y draw out 9 a few ye>s4 ,! size1 %ape1 mat]ials1 & mann] ( putt+ toge!r1 are n[ suffici5tly und]/ood1 = :at ,i want4 ,/icks half an in* 9 diamet]1 %\ld cross ea* way ?r\gh ! c5tre1 to help support ! combs4 ,a hole ab\t an in* diamet] 9 ! front side1 half way to ! top1 is a great conv5i5ce = ! bees to ent] :5 com+ home heavy lad54 ,x n[ rema9s to make ! top1 cov]1 & boxes1 7! bottom-bo>d w be describ$ 9 ano!r *apt]47 ,! tops %\ld be all alike2 bo>ds fifte5 in*es squ>e are j ! "r size2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* is ! be/ ?ickness1 7in* w d27 plane ! upp] side1 rabbet out ar\nd ! edge ( ! upp] side "o in* wide1 & ?ree-eigh?s deep2 ?is w leave ! top inside ! rabbet+1 j ?irte5 in*es4 ,,size ,,( ,,cap ,,& ,,boxes4 ,a box = a cov] or cap1 t size inside1 w fit any hive4 ,! height ( ?is box %\ld be sev5 in*es4 ,( c\rse o!r sizes w d1 b x is be/ to comm5ce ) "o t we c adh]e to uni=mly1 & no vexations arise by cov]s n fitt+ exactly1 c4 ,i ?9k ?is size is z ne> correct z we %all be likely to get2 we want all ! room 9 ! boxes t ! majority ( our /ocks dem& = /or+ 9 a yield ( honey1#d at ! same "t n be necessitat$ to give too mu* ( ! room 9 ! height4 ,!y w comm5ce "w 9 a box five in*es high1 mu* soon] ?an "o sev5 or eight4 ,to give ! requisite room1 & h ! boxes less ?an five in*es high1 w\ld require m ?an ?irte5 in*es on ! top1 ?is w\ld make ! hive too mu* out ( %ape2 x w\ld appe> top-heavy4 #d ,i h add$ a side box occasionally1 b x has seldom paid me = ! tr\ble4 ,,m9]',s ,,hive4 ,m9]'s ,equilat]al ,hive has a cap some:at small] ?an ?is 9 diamet]2 consequ5tly1 if we h ! requisite room1 x mu/ be 9 its height4 ,b by mak+ ! cap ( 8 a little l>g]1 & a few trifl+ alt]ations1 x w\ld d v well = a pat5t4 ,& if any "o mu/ h a pat5t hive1 my advice is to get t2 x co/s b two doll>s = ! "r ( us+1 & is ne>] :at we want = bees1 ?an any ,i ev] saw4 ,i pref] rabbet+ ar\nd ! edge ( ! top1 in/ead ( nail+ on a ?9 bo>d ! size ( ! inside ( ! cov]1 ) room = a slide "u x2 x af=ds too nice a place = worms to sp9 _! cocoons4 ,also1 )\t ! rabbet+ wat] may get "u ! cap1 & pass along ! top till a hole lets x among ! bees4 ,z = slides1 ,i d n approve ( !m at all2 9 %utt+ (f communication1 x is almo/ c]ta9 to cru% a few bees4 ,?is makes !m irritable = a week2 !y are unnecess>y = me1 at lea/4 ,we w n[ f9i% ! hive4 ,,directions ,,= ,,mak+ ,,holes4 ,aft] ! top is got out z direct$1 /rike a l9e ?r\gh ! c5tre1 ?ree & a qu>t] in*es f ?is1 make ano!r on ea* side1 n[ measure on "o ( ! la/ l9es1 two & a half in*es = ! fir/ hole1 two in*es = ! next1 & s on till five are m>k$ on ?is1 & ! same numb] on ! o!r side1 t5 9 all2 ^! holes %\ld be ab\t an in* diamet]1 a patt]n ?ree & a qu>t] in*es wide1 & ?irte5 9 l5g?1 ) places = holes m>k$ on x1 w save "t :5 _m are made4 ,:5 ?is top is nail$ on1 ! hive is ready4 ,a less numb] ( holes is (t5 us$1 & "o is ?\ght by "s to be suffici5t2 exp]i5ce has satisfi$ me t ! m room bees h to ent] boxes1 ! less reluctance is manife/$ 9 comm5c+ _! "w 9 !m2 b "h is ano!r extreme to be avoid$3 :5 ! holes are mu* l>g]1 or m ( !m1 or ev5 "o v l>ge "o1 ! que5 is v apt to g into ! boxes & deposit h] eggs1 :i* r5d]s ! comb t\gh1 d>k1 c41 also bee-bread is /or$ ne> ! brood4 ,dr4 ,bevan's & ,m9]'s cross-b> hives are objectionable on ?is acc\nt1 !y (f] too free access to ! boxes2 we want all ! room t w answ]1 & no m4 ,a ,,sugge/ion4 ,mr4 ,m9]'s cross-b> hive is int5d$ to make ! bees con/ruct all /raight combs1 & probably w d x4 ,b ! disadvantage ( bee-bread & brood 9 ! boxes w n be made up by /raight combs4 ,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o h be5 made to believe /raight combs all important1 & p]haps h pur*as$ ! "r to make ! hive1 & _h "s con/ruct$1 & h f\nd bee-bread 9 _! surplus honey1 ,i w\ld sugge/ an improvem5t1 7t is1 if x is ?\ght ! /raight combs w pay4 ,if y h n ! "r = ! cross-b> hive1 & y wi% to use x1 ,i w\ld say1 buy ! "r1 & remove all gr\nds ( compla9t ) him47 ,put 9 ! b>s & hive y\r bees z he directs4 ,aft] all ! combs are />t$1 in/ead ( sett+ ! op5 bottom boxes 7:i* are also unsuitable = s5d+ to m>ket7 directly on ! b>s z he recomm5ds1 take (f ! clo?1 & ) screws fa/5 on a top ) t5 holes1 t ,i h j describ$2 & !n y w h ! /raight combs1 & surplus honey 9 ! boxes pure4 ,,glass ,,boxes ,,pref]r$4 ,hav+ told h[ ,i make a hive1 ,i w n[ give "s reasons = pref]r+ a p>ticul> k9d ( boxes4 ,i h tak5 great quantities ( honey to m>ket1 put up 9 e /yle1 su* z tumbl]s1 glass j>s1 glass boxes1 wood5 boxes ) glass ends1 & boxes all wood4 ,i h f\nd ! squ>e glass boxes ! mo/ pr(itable2 ! honey 9 su* appe>s to ! be/ possible advantage1 s mu* s1 t ! majority ( pur*as]s pref] pay+ = ! box at ! same rate z ! honey1 ?an ! wood box1 & h ! t>e all[$4 ,?is rate ( sell+ boxes always pays ! co/1 :ile we get no?+ = ! wood4 ,ano!r advantage 9 ?is k9d ( boxes is1 :ile be+ fill$1 ! progress c be wat*$1 & ! "t !y are f9i%$ kn[n precisely1 :5 !y %\ld be tak5 (f1 z e day !y rema9 aft] t1 soils ! purity ( ! combs4 ,,glass ,,boxes--,,h[ ,,to ,,make4 ,directions = mak+4--,select half-in* bo>ds ( p9e or o!r s(t light wood1 cut ! l5g? twelve & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es1 wid? six & ?ree-eigh?s in*es1 dress d[n ! ?ickness to ?ree-eigh?s or less1 two pieces = a box1 top & bottom1 9 ! bottom bore five holes ?r\gh\t ! c5tre to mat* ) ^? 9 ! top ( ! hive1 7! patt]n us$ 9 m>k+ ! top ( hives is j ! "o to m>k ^!74 ,next1 get out ! corn] po/s1 five-eigh?s ( an in* squ>e1 & five in*es 9 l5g?2 ) a saw1 ?ick en\gh to fit ! glass1 cut a *annel l5g?-wise on two sides1 "o-f\r? ( an in* deep1 "o-eigh? f ! corn]1 = ! glass4 ,a small la? nail ?r\gh ea* corn] ( ! bottom into ! po/s w hold !m2 x is n[ ready = ! glass--#ajx#ab is ! "r size to get--h !m cut ?r\gh ! c5tre ! longe/ way = ! sides1 & !y are "r1 & aga9 ! o!r way1 five & five-eigh?s long = ! ends4 ,^! c n[ be slipp$ into ! *annels ( ! po/s1 & ! top nail$ on l ! bottom1 & ! box is ready4 ,,guide-,,combs ,,necess>y4 ,x w be f\nd a great advantage1 previ\s to nail+ on ! top1 to /ick fa/ to x "s pieces ( guide-combs 9 ! direction y wi% ! bees to "w4 ,!y are also an inducem5t = !m to comm5ce sev]al days soon]1 ?an if !y _h to />t combs = !mselves2#e a piece an in* squ>e w d2 x is well to />t e comb y want 9 ! box2 two in*es ap>t is ab\t ! "r di/ance to look well4 ,to make ^! pieces hold fa/1 melt "o edge by ! fire1 or c&le1 or melt "s bees-wax1 & dip "o edge 9 t1 & apply x be=e cool+2 ) a little practice y c make !m /ick )\t difficulty4 ,= a supply ( su* combs1 save all empty1 clean1 :ite pieces y c1 :5 remov+ combs f a hive4 #e ,a l9e ( bees-wax made ) a guide-plate1 or o!r means1 is f\nd to be ( b little use4 ,if y h any way sup]ior to ?is = mak+ glass boxes1 s mu* ! bett]1 make !m s by all means3 ,! be/ way is z good z any4 ,i give my me?od to be us$ only :5 bett] is n conv5i5t4 ,if y sell honey1 ,i ?9k y w f9d x an advantage to h glass boxes made 9 "s way4 ,two ( ?is size :5 full weigh #be lbs4 ,if pref]r$1 f\r boxes six & ?ree-eigh?s in*es squ>e1 c be us$ = a hive in/ead ( two2 ! exp5se ( mak+ is a little m = ! same numb] ( lbs41 yet1 :5 x is 9 m>ket1 a few cu/om]s w pref] ?is size4 ,,wood ,,boxes4 ,= home consumption1 ! wood-box w answ] equally well = all purposes ( obta9+ ! honey1 b w give no *ance to wat* ! progress ( ! bees1 unless a glass is ins]t$ = ! purpose1 & !n x w ne$ a door to keep x d>k1 or a cov] ov] ! :ole l ! "o = glass boxes1 may be put on4 ,wood boxes are g5]ally made ) op5 bottom1 & set on ! top ( ! hive4 ,a passage = ! bees out ( ! box to ! op5 air is unnecess>y1 & worse ?an useless4 ,!y l to /ore _! honey z f> f ! entrance z possible4 ,unless cr[d$ = room1 !y w n /ore mu* !re :5 su* entrances are made4 ,:e!r we int5d to consume our surplus honey or n1 x is z well to h ! hives & cov]s made 9 a mann] t we c use glass1 :5 we are likely to h "s to sp>e4 ,i am n sure1 b x w\ld pay to make hives 9 ?is way1 ev5 if glass boxes 7 nev] us$2 ! rabbet+ prev5ts light z well z wat] f pass+ "u ! cov]2 imag9e a box set on a pla9 bo>d nail$ on = a top1 )\t ! rabbet+2 ! w>p+ or b5d+ admits ! light & wat]1 especially :5 hives are out 9 ! wea!r1 7& ,i %all n recomm5d any o!r way ( keep+ !m47 ,,cov] ,,= ,,hives4 ,i h t]m$ ! cap or box a cov]2 b ?is %\ld also be cov]$ ) a bo>d laid on1 if no?+ else4 ,a good ro( = ea* hive c be made by fa/5+ two bo>ds toge!r l ! ro( ( a build+2 let x be ab\t #ah by #bd in*es2 x be+ loose1 c be *ang$ 9 accordance ) ! season2 9 spr+1 let ! sun /rike ! hive2 b 9 hot wea!r let ! longe/ end project ov] ! s\? side1 c4 ,y c ornam5t ?is hive1 if y *oose1 by m\ld+s or d5tals1 "u ! top1 :]e x projects ov] ! body ( ! hive1 also ! cap c h ! top project$ a little & receive ! same addition4 ,,j>s ,,& ,,tumbl]s--,,h[ ,,prep>$4 ,:5 j>s1 tumbl]s1 or o!r vessels1 t are all glass1 are us$1 x is absolutely necess>y to fa/5 z _m pieces ( combs z y wi% made1 9 ! top1 = a beg9n+1 or fa/5 a piece ( wood !re2 z !y seldom comm5ce build+ on glass1 )\t a />t4 ,"s ( y may h se5 p>ad$ at our fairs1 or 9 ! public p>ts ( "s ( our cities1 hives conta9+ tumbl]s1 "s ( !m neatly fill$1 o!rs empty1 & ?is meagre s5t5ce writt5 ^u !m1 n to be fill$6 ,pret5d+ to gov]n ! bees1 z ! juggl] sometimes does 8 tricks1 by my/]i\s incantations6 ,i once enc\nt]$ an ag5t ( ?is humbug1 & mode/ly sugge/$ to him t ,i _h a c\nt] *>m3 t ,i c\ld put a tumbl] on 8 hive & x w\ld be fill$ if ! o!rs 71 h[ev] mu* he might =bid x by writt5 *>ms6 ,he saw at a glance h[ ! matt] /ood2 ,i 0 n ! cu/om] he want$1 & intimat$ t ! %[ 0 only int5d$ = ! extreme v]dancy ( mo/ visitors4 ,x no d\bt assi/$ 9 display+ 8 pr(\nd k 9 bee managem5t1 :i* he wi%$ to e/abli%1 z he _h a little "w on ! subject to sell1 also hives1 & bees4 ,! read] no d\bt w guess z ,i did1 ! reason t ^? tumbl]s 7 n fill$1 0 because no combs 7 put 9 = a />t4 ,,p]fect ,,obs]vatory ,,hive ,,describ$4 ,!re are _m ?+s p]ta9+ to bees t _c be prop]ly exam9$ & und]/ood1 )\t a glass hive ( "s sort4 ,yet a p]fect obs]vatory hive conta9+ b "o comb1 is n a p]fect hive = ! bees4 ,we c see v well :at ! bees are do+1 b x is n a t5em5t !y w\ld *oose if left to !mselves4 ,x =ces !m to labor 9 an unnatural mann]1 is unsuitable = w9t]+ bees1 & o!rwise b little pr(it4 ,if ! satisfaction ( witness+ "s ( _! op]ations m p]fectly ?an 9 glass hives ( ano!r k9d w n pay1 x is d\btful if we get x4 ,i w describe z briefly z possible4 ,two frames or sa%es ab\t two & a half feet squ>e1 conta9+ glass1 are s fa/5$ toge!r z to leave room = only "o comb betwe5 !m1 ab\t an in* & ?ree-f\r?s ap>t4 ,a comb ( ?is size w n support itself by ! top & edges2 h5ce1 x is necess>y to put 9 num]\s cross-b>s to assi/ 9 support+ x4 ,outside ! glass are doors to keep ! :ole d>k1 to be op5$ :5 we wi% to inspect proce$+s4 ,"u ! bottom is a bo>d or frame1 to keep x 9 an upright position1 c4 ,probably b few w be induc$ to make "o4 ,i w !re=e describe ano!r2 a hive t ,i ?9k w pay bett]4 ,,"o ,,l ,,common ,,hive ,,pref]r$4 ,if we expect to "k :at bees are do+ 9 ord9>y hives1 we mu/ h "o simil> 9 e respect1 9 size1 %ape1 numb] ( bees1 c4 ,! con/ruction ( royal cells w be wat*$ by mo/ obs]v]s ) ! greate/ int]e/2 n[ ^! are g5]ally on "o edge ( ! combs4 ,! bees leave a space half an in* or m betwe5 ! edges ( ! combs & "o side ( ! hive1 ne> half ! l5g? ( x1 app>5tly = no o!r purpose b to h room = ^! cells1 z ! o!r edges ( ! same combs are g5]ally atta*$ to ! hive at ! bottom4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se54 ,n[ in/ead ( hav+ "o piece or pane ( glass 9 ! side ( sev]al hives1 ,i w\ld recomm5d hav+ "o or m ) glass on e side2 because we might h x on ?ree sides1 & n ! f\r?2 & ?is might conta9 all ! que5 cells1 & we %\ld miss an important sight4 ,!re are _m o!r ?+s to be witness$ 9 su* a hive4 ,! que5 may be (t5 se5 deposit+ h] eggs6 ,we may see ! work]s deta* ! scales ( wax f _! abdom51 & apply !m to ! combs dur+ ! process ( con/ruction1 see !m deposit poll5 f _! legs1 /ore _! honey1 fe$ ! que51 ea* o!r1 _! "y brood1 seal ov] cells conta9+ brood1 honey1 c4 ,x is fur!r useful z a guide = putt+ boxes on o!r hives1 7t is1 if x is a good "o1 :i* x %\ld be72 we c easily asc]ta9 :e!r our bees are ga9+ or los+4 ,,directions ,,= ,,mak+ ,,glass ,,hive4 ,my me?od ( mak+ !m is z foll[s3 ,! top is l ^? = o!r hives1 fifte5 in*es squ>e1 adapt$ to boxes & cov]4 ,?is hive we want to be z pr(itable z any1 giv+ u surplus honey1 & sw>ms l o!rs4 ,f\r po/s are !n got out1 two in*es squ>e1 & ?irte5 9 l5g?2 c>e %\ld be tak5 to h ! ends p]fectly squ>e4 ,a frame is !n to be made1 j f\rte5 in*es squ>e outside1 = ! bottom2 ! pieces are "o in* ?ick1 by two 9 wid?1 halv$ toge!r at ! corn]s4 ,a guage-m>k is !n made ar\nd ! "u side ( ! top1 half an in* f ! edge1 a po/ is !n set inside ( ea* corn] ( ?is m>k1 & ?or\ghly nail$1 ! bottom is nail$ on ) ! po/s ev5 ) ! outside corn]s4 ,f\r pieces an in* ?ick1 & an in* & a half wide1 are fitt$ betwe5 ! po/s1 ev5 ) ! guage-m>k on ! top4 ,sixte5 /rips1 ab\t "o qu>t] by half an in*1 are got out1 eight to be t51 & eight twelve in*es long4 ,a gauge-m>k "o in* f po/s1 bottom1 c41 is ! place to nail ^! /rips2 v small nails or tacks w hold !m4 ,! panes ( glass are to re/ aga9/ !m1 :i* are held 9 _! places by small pieces ( t91 or brads4 ,! doors are ! size ( ! glass1 #ajx#ab1 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* ?ick2 ^! doors are cut a little too %ort1 & ! pieces1 to prev5t w>p+1 are nail$ on ! ends2 ^! are hung to a po/ on "o side1 & secur$ by a button on ! o!r4 ,on two opposite sides inside ! po/s1 half way up1 two /rips1 half an in* by ?ree qu>t]s1 are nail$1 ) holes 9 !m = ! cross-/icks2 "o way is en\gh if y h guide-combs = a />t1 l ^? recomm5d$ = boxes1 s t ! %eets w be at "r angles ) !m2 o!rwise1 let ! /icks cross bo? ways1 ab\t ?ree ea* way w be ne$$1 z ! glass at ! edges is n s good a support z wood4 ,! cap c be made ( half in* bo>ds2 ! top to project ov] l ! hive1 or let x be a little m ?an half an in*1 x w admit a heavi] m\ld+1 :i* %\ld surr\nd x "h1 z well z at ! top ( ! hive1 or if x is pref]$1 d5tals c be us$1 & look equally well--:5 no ornam5t is want$1 omit x4 ,b pa9t+ seems necess>y = su* hives1 to prev5t w>p+1 & ! swell+ ( ! doors 9 wet wea!r2 ^! want to op5 & %ut )\t rubb+ or /ick+1 o!rwise we di/urb ! bees e "t a door is /irr$4 ,putty %\ld n be us$ to hold ! glass1 z ! bees 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s w cov] x ) propolis2 x is !n necess>y to take x out1 & scrape1 clean1 & return x1 :51 if fa/5$ ) putty1 x w\ld be difficult2 cold wea!r is ! "t = ?is op]ation4 ,i am aw>e t a hive c be m sub/antially made ?an ! "o "h describ$2 b ,i h endeavor$ to make "o z *eap z possible1 & if prop]ly made1 w answ]4 ,! co/ w be mu* less ?an _m pat5ts1 & ! satisfaction mu* m1 at lea/1 ) _m4 ,:5 our hive conta9s a sw>m ( bees1 & !y are ?or\ghly 9 op]ation1 we mu/ n let !m pass out at ! bottom on e side1 z !y are frequ5tly all[$ to d f o!r hives2 because1 %\ld "o come out a little excit$ 9 consequ5ce ( a slight j>1 accid5tally giv5 ! hive1 on op5+ ! door or "s o!r way1 & %\ld f9d our face )9 a foot ( _! h\se1 pe]+ 9 ! w9d[ among _! works1 x w\ld be v likely to give u a g5tle h9t t x 0 a m>k ( l[ bre$+1 t we 7 n want$ !re at all1 & t x 0 none ( our bus9ess :at !y 7 do+4 ,to prev5t ?is z f> z possible1 a bottom-bo>d1 some:at diff]5t f ! common "o1 is ne$$4 ,f\r po/s ( *e/nut or o!r la/+ wood1 ab\t two in*es squ>e1 are driv5 into ! e>? 9 ! =m ( a squ>e1 f> en\gh ap>t to come "u ! corn]s ( ! bottom-bo>d1 7fifte5 in*es17 & high en\gh = conv5i5ce :5 look+ into ! hive4 ,! ends ( ^! po/s are to be p]fectly level1 & to :i* ! bottom is to be nail$ fa/4 ,z ! hive is to sit p]fectly close to ! bo>d1 a passage mu/ be made ?r\gh x1 z well z means = v5tilation 9 hot wea!r1 )\t rais+ ! hive = t purpose4 ,x requires a bo>d ab\t fifte5 in*es squ>e1 plan$ smoo?1 ! ends clamp$ to prev5t w>p+ or splitt+2 a portion ( ! c5tre is tak5 out1 say six in*es by t51 & wire clo? nail$ ov]1 f\r-ounce tacks w hold x1 fa/5 x j en\gh to keep ! bees f gett+ ?r\gh2 v likely x w want to be tak5 (f occasionally & clean$ f ! propolis t w be spread ov] x4 ,x is easie/ done 9 freez+ wea!r4 ,take an edge 9 ea* h&1 & rock ! wires a few times out ( squ>e1 & x w readily crumble & fall out4 ,9 w>m wea!r x mu/ be scald$ or burnt (f4 ,to close ?is space1 a mov+ slide is fix$ 9 grooves "u-side1 fa/5$ to ! po/s or bo>d4 ,! slide is to be mov$ 9 accordance ) ! wea!r1 :5 cold1 close x1 :5 hot1 )draw x1 & give ! bees z mu* air z possible1 )\t rais+ ! hive1 ! :ole ( su* space is z mu* v5tilation z ord9>y hives rais$ an in*4 7,wire clo? is ne$$ = o!r purposes1 x is be/ to procure "s1 ev5 at consid]able tr\ble & exp5se47 ,on ! side ( ! bo>d int5d$ = ! front1 two in*es f ! edge ( ! wire clo?1 a passage is cut = ! bees1 ?ree-eights ( an in* wide1 by elev5 9 l5g?4 ,b h[ is ! bees to get to ?is place1 s inconv5i5t1 some?+ is ne$$ to assi/ !m8 ,c]ta9ly1 ,sir2 an alight+ bo>d1 elev5 in*es wide1 & ab\t two feet long1 7n plan$71 is plac$ at an angle ( =ty-five degrees1 betwe5 ! two front po/s ( y\r /&1 ! upp] end pass+ "u ! bottom1 f> en\gh back2 to be j ev5 ) ! back-side ( ! passage = ! bees4 ,! bees alight on ?is bo>d1 & walk up into ! hive )\t difficulty4 ,:5 ! bees are at "w pretty freely1 & a door ( ?is hive is op5$1 ^? t are ab\t dep>t+ w be v likely to get on ! glass1 in/ead ( ?r\gh ! op5+ at ! bottom2 see+ ! light ?r\gh ! glass1 !y endeavor to escape by ! ne>e/ r\te4 ,:5 s _m ga!r "h z to prev5t a good view1 & y wi% to obs]ve fur!r1 %ut ! door a mom5t & !y w leave ?r\gh _! own passage1 :5 y c op5 y\r door aga91 = a %ort "t4 ,aft] ! hive is fill$ ) combs1 ! numb] attract$ to ! glass on op5+ a door w be mu* less4 ,! plate on ! prec$+ page repres5ts a glass hive1 cov]1 & /&4 ,! common hive c be made equally ornam5tal1 if y *oose2 ?is k9d ( /& is unnecess>y = !m4 ,i use su* z are recomm5d$ on page #ach4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,bre$+4 ,,imp]fectly ,,und]/ood4 ,! "t t bees comm5ce rais+ _! "y brood is b imp]fectly und]/ood by mo/ p4 ,_m p]sons t h kept !m = ye>s1 h be/[$ s little att5tion on ?is po9t1 t !y are unable to tell at :at "t !y comm5ce1 h[ !y progress1 or :5 !y cease4 ,a k9d ( an idea t "o sw>m1 & occasionally two or ?ree1 are re>$ sometime 9 ,june1 or =e "p ( summ]1 is ab\t ! ext5t ( _! reflections on ! subject4 ,:e!r ! drones deposit ! eggs1 or t a portion ( ! work]s are females1 & ea* raise a "y "o or two1 or :e!r ! k+ bee is ! *ap = lay+ eggs1 is a matt] beyond _! ability to answ]4 ,x is b a few ye>s s9ce1 t a correspond5t ( a ,j\rnal ( ,agriculture d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( a que5 bee1 giv+ ! be/ reasons he _h1 no d\bt1 t is1 he _h nev] se5 "o4 ,b bee-keep]s ( ?is class are s few1 x is unnecess>y to wa/e "t to conv9ce !m2 suffice x to say1 t a que5 exi/s ) e prosp]\s sw>m1 & all api>ians ) mu* pret5sions to sci5ce1 ackn[l$ge ! fact1 also1 t %e is ! "m ( ! :ole family4 ,! p]iod at :i* !y comm5ce deposit+ eggs probably dep5ds on ! /r5g? ( ! colony1 am\nt ( honey on h&1 c41 & n ! "t !y comm5ce ga!r+ food4 ,,good ,,/ock ,,seldom ,,)\t ,,brood4 ,i once remov$ ! bees f a hive on ! t5? ( ,janu>y1 & f\nd brood am\nt+ to ab\t five hundr$1 seal$ ov]1 & o!rs 9 e /age ( gr[? d[n to ! egg4 ,?is hive _h be5 9 ! h\se1 & kept w>m2 x w d\btless be suppos$ t be+ kept w>m 0 ! cause2 b ?is is n a solit>y in/ance4 ,a neighbor lo/ a hive ! f\rte5? ,febru>y1 9 wea!r cold en\gh to seal ! entrance ) ice1 & smo!r ! bees4 ,i assi/$ to remove ! combs1 & f\nd "y brood 9 abundance1 f ! p]fect bee1 ?r\gh all /ages ( gr[?4 ,?is /ock _h be5 9 ! cold all w9t]4 ,i h fur!r notic$1 :5 sweep+ out ! litt] "u ! hives e>ly 9 spr+1 say ! fir/ ( ,m>*1 t "y bees w\ld (t5 be f\nd "u ! be/ /ocks4 ,h5ce x appe>s !re is b little "t1 & p]haps none1 :5 our be/ /ocks h no broods4 ,yet /ocks1 :5 v weak1 d n comm5ce till w>m wea!r4 ,x seems t a c]ta9 degree ( w>m? is necess>y to p]fect ! brood1 :i* a small family _c g5]ate4 ,,h[ ,,small ,,/ocks ,,comm5ce4 ,! fir/ eggs are deposit$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! clu/] ( bees1 9 a small family2 x may n be 9 ! c5tre ( ! hive 9 all cases2 b ! middle ( ! clu/] is ! w>me/ place1 :]ev] locat$4 ,"h ! que5 w fir/ comm5ce2 a few cells1 or a space n l>g] ?an a doll>1 is fir/ us$1 ^? exactly opposite on ! same comb are next occupi$4 ,if ! w>m? ( ! hive w all[1 :e!r mild wea!r produces x1 or ! family be l>ge en\gh to g5]ate t :i* is artificial1 appe>s to make no diff]5ce2 %e w !n take ! next combs exactly correspond+ ) ! fir/ comm5cem5t b n q z l>ge a place is us$ z 9 ! fir/ comb4 ,! circle ( eggs 9 ! fir/ is !n enl>g$1 & m are add$ 9 ! next1 c41 cont9u+ to spread to ! next combs1 keep+ ! di/ance to ! outside ( ! circle ( eggs1 to ! c5tre or place ( beg9n+1 ab\t equal on all sides1 until !y occupy ! outside comb4 ,long be=e ! outside comb is occupi$1 ! fir/ eggs deposit$ are matur$1 & ! que5 w return to ! c5tre1 & use ^! cells aga91 b is n s p>ticul> ?is "t to fill s _m 9 su* exact ord] z at fir/4 ,?is is ! g5]al process ( small or m$ium siz$ families4 ,i h remov$ ! bees f su*1 9 all /ages ( bre$+1 & always f\nd _! proce$+s z describ$4 ,,diff]5t ,,) ,,l>g] ,,ones4 ,b ) v l>ge families1 _! proce$+s are diff]5t3 z any "p ( ! clu/] ( bees is w>m en\gh = bre$+1 !re is less necessity = economiz+ heat1 & hav+ all ! eggs conf9$ to "o small spot1 "s unoccupi$ cells w be f\nd among ! brood2 a few w conta9 honey & bee-bread4 ,,h[ ,,poll5 ,,is ,,/or$ ,,9 ,,! ,,bre$+ ,,season4 ,b 9 ! height ( ! bre$+ season1 a circle ( cells ne>ly all bee-bread1 an in* or two wide1 w bord] ! %eets ( comb conta9+ brood4 ,z bee-bread is probably ! pr9cipal food ( ! "y bee1 x is ?us v conv5i5t4 ,:5 poll5 is abundant1 & ! sw>m is 9 prosp]\s condition1 !y soon rea* ! outside %eets ( comb ) ! brood4 ,at ?is p]iod1 :5 ! hive is ab\t full1 & ! que5 is =c$ to ! outside combs to f9d a place = h] eggs1 x is int]e/+ to witness op]ations 9 a glass hive4 ,i h se5 h] sev]al times dur+ "o day1 on ! same piece ( comb 7next ! glass74 ,! light has no imm$iate effect on h] ,highness1 z %e w quietly cont9ue ab\t h] duty1 n ! lea/ emb>rass$ by curi\s eyes at ! w9d[4 ,be=e deposit+ an egg1 %e ent]s ! cell head fir/1 probably to asc]ta9 if x is 9 prop] condition to receive x2 z a cell "p fill$ ) bee-bread or honey is nev] us$4 ,if ! area ( combs is small1 or ! family is small1 & _c protect a l>ge space ) ! necess>y heat1 %e w (t5 deposit two1 & sometimes ?ree1 9 "o cell 7! sup]num]>ies ,i suppose are remov$ by ! work]s74 ,b "u prosp]\s circum/ances1 ) a hive ( suitable size1 c41 ?is em]g5cy is avoid$4 ,,op]ation ,,( ,,lay+ ,,& ,,! ,,eggs ,,describ$4 ,:5 a cell is 9 a condition to receive ! egg1 on )draw+ h] head %e imm$iately curves h] abdom51 & ins]ts x a few seconds4 ,aft] leav+ x1 an egg may be se5 atta*$ by "o end to ! bottom2 ab\t ! sixte5? ( an in* 9 l5g?1 slightly curv$1 v small1 ne>ly uni=m ! :ole l5g?1 abruptly r\nd$ at ! ends1 semi-transp>5t1 & cov]$ ) a v ?9 & extremely delicate coat1 (t5 break+ ) ! slighte/ t\*4 ,aft] ! egg has be5 ab\t ?ree days 9 ! cell1 a small :ite worm may be se5 coil$ 9 ! bottom1 surr\nd$ ) a milky-l sub/ance1 :i* is its food1 )\t d\bt4 ,h[ ?is food is prep>$1 is m]ely guess-"w4 ,! hypo!sis ( its be+ *iefly compos$ ( poll51 ,i h no objection to2 z x is suffici5tly prov$ by ! quantities t accumulate 9 hives t lose _! que51 & re> no brood 7t is1 :5 a requisite numb] ( work]s are s left74 ,! work]s may be se5 ent]+ ! cell e few m9utes1 probably1 to supply ?is food4#f #f ,:5 ! comb 9 our glass hive is new1 & :ite1 ^! op]ations c be se5 m di/9ctly ?an :5 v old & d>k4 ,,"t ,,f ,,! ,,egg ,,to ,,! ,,p]fect ,,bee4 ,9 ab\t six days x is seal$ ov] ) a convex wax5 lid4 ,x is n[ hidd5 f our sight = ab\t twelve days1 :5 x bites (f ! cov]1 & comes =? a p]fect bee4 ,! p]iod f ! egg to ! p]fect bee v>ies f tw5ty to tw5ty-f\r days2 av]age ab\t tw5ty-two = work]s1 tw5ty-f\r = drones4 ,! temp]ature ( ! hive w v>y "s ) ! atmosph]e2 x is also gov]n$ by ! numb] ( bees4 ,a l[ temp]ature probably ret>ds ! developm5t1 :ile a high "o facilitates x4 ,y may h se5 acc\nts ( ! assidu\s att5tions giv5 to ! "y bee :5 x fir/ em]ges f ! cell3 'tis said !y lick x all ov]1 fe$ x ) honey1 c41 desp]ately pleas$ ) _! new acquisition4 ,,r\gh ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,"y ,,bee4 ,n[1 if y expect to see any?+ ( ?is1 y mu/ wat* a little clos] ?an ,i h4 ,i h se5 hundr$s :5 bit+ _! way out4 ,in/ead ( c>e or notice1 !y (t5 receive r r\gh treatm5t3 ! work]s1 int5t on o!r matt]s1 w sometimes come 9 contact ) "o "p way out ! cell1 ) =ce suffici5t to almo/ dislocate its neck2 yet !y d n /op to see if any h>m is done1 or beg p>don4 ,! little suff]]1 aft] ?is rude lesson1 scrambles back z soon z possible out ( ! way2 enl>ges ! prison door a little1 & attempts aga91 ) p]haps ! same success3 a doz5 trials are (t5 made be=e !y succe$4 ,:5 x does actually leave1 x seems l a /rang] 9 a multitude1 ) no fri5d to c\nsel1 or "m to direct4 ,x w&]s ab\t unc>$ = & unhe$$1 & r>ely f9ds "o suffici5tly b5evol5t to be/[ ev5 ! necess>ies ( life2 b does sometimes4 ,x is g5]ally =c$ to le>n ! important lesson ( look+ out = itself1 ! day x leaves ! cradle4 ,a cell conta9+ honey is s\ght =1 :]e its imm$iate wants are all suppli$4 ,,guess ,,"w4 ,! "t be=e x is ready to leave ! hive = honey1 ,i might guess w\ld be two or ?ree days4 ,o!rs h said x w\ld leave ! day x left ! cell2 b ,i guess !y guess at ?is po9t4 ,!y tell u1 too1 t aft] ! bees seal ov] ! cells conta9+ ! l>vae1 !y imm$iately comm5ce sp9n+ _! cocoons1 :i* takes j ab\t ?irty-six h\rs4 ,i ?9k x v likely2 b :5 ,i admit x1 ,i _c imag9e h[ x 0 asc]ta9$2--! faculty ( look+ ?r\gh a mill-/one ,i d n possess1 & x requires ab\t ! same optical p5etration to look into "o ( ^! cells aft] x is seal$ ov]1 z x is all p]fect d>kness4 ,suppose we drive away ! bees & op5 ! cell1 to give u a look at ! int]ior3 ! little insect /ops its labor 9 a mom5t1 probably f ! effect ( air & light4 ,i nev] c\ld detect "o 9 its labor4 ,suppose we op5 ^! cells e h\r aft] seal+2 c we tell any?+ ab\t _! progress by ! appe>ance ( ^! cocoons1 or ev5 tell :5 !y are f9i%$8 ,! ?ickness ( a doz5 w\ld n exce$ common writ+ pap]4 ,:5 a subject is obscure1 or difficult to asc]ta91 l ?is1 :y n tell u h[ !y f\nd out ! p>ticul>s2 & if !y 7 guess$ at1 be hone/1 & say s8 ,:5 ! bee leaves ! cell1 a cocoon rema9s1 & t is ab\t all we "k ab\t x4 ,,t]ms ,,appli$ ,,to ,,"y ,,bees4 ,! "y bee1 :5 x fir/ leaves ! egg1 is t]m$ grub1 maggot1 worm1 or l>va2 f ?is /ate x *anges to ! %ape ( ! p]fect bee1 :i* is said to be ?ree days aft] f9i%+ ! cocoon2 f ! "t ( ?is *ange1 till x is ready to leave ! cell1 ! t]ms nymph1 pupa1 & *rysalis1 are appli$4 ,! lid ( ! drone's cell is r m convex ?an t ( ! work]'s1 & :5 remov$ by ! "y bee to "w its way out1 is left ne>ly p]fect2 be+ cut (f ar\nd ! edges1 a good coat or l9+ ( silk keeps x :ole2 :ile ! cov]+ ( ! work]'s cell is mo/ly wax1 & is pretty well cut to pieces by ! "t ! bee gets out4 ,! cov]+ to ! que5's cell is l ! drone's1 b l>g] 9 diamet]1 & ?ick]1 be+ l9$ ) a little m silk4 ,,discrepancy ,,9 ,,"t ,,9 ,,re>+ ,,brood ,,z ,,giv5 ,,by ,,hub]4 ,we are told by mo/ writ]s1 ! p]iod ( "t necess>y to p]fect f ! egg1 ! ?ree diff]5t k9ds ( bees4 ,hub] leads ! way1 & ! re/1 suppos+ him to be "r1 repeat 9 sub/ance 8 acc\nt z foll[s3 ,t ! :ole "t necess>y to p]fect a que5 f ! egg is sixte5 days1 ! work] tw5ty1 & ! drone tw5ty-f\r days2 ,hub] 7z quot$ by ,h>p]s7 gives ! "t ( ea* /age ( developm5t belong+ to ea* k9d ( bee2 b is r un=tunate 9 ari?metic2 ! items1 or /ages1 :5 add$ toge!r1 d n prove1 z ! s*ool-boys say2 t is1 he ga9s "t by mak+ 8 bee by degrees4 ,he says1 fir/1 ( ! work]1 ,x rema9s ?ree days 9 ! egg1 five 9 ! grub /ate1 x is ?irty-six h\rs 9 sp9n+ its cocoon2 9 ?ree days x *anges to a nymph1 passes six 9 t =m1 & !n comes =? a p]fect bee4 ,h[ d ! items add8 ,! egg1 #c days4 ,grub1 #e ,sp9n+ cocoon1 #a-a_/b ,*ang+ to a nymph1 #c ,9 t =m1 #f ------- #ah-a_/b days4 ,"o & a half days %ort4 ,we w next see h[ ! figures ) ! royal insect mat*2 recollect sixte5 days are all %e has all[$2 !n1 ( ! diff]5t /ages1 ?ree days 9 ! egg1 is five a worm1 :5 ! bees close its cell1 & x imm$iately beg9s its cocoon1 :i* is f9i%$ 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,dur+ elev5 days1 & ev5 sixte5 h\rs ( ! twelf?1 x rema9s 9 a /ate ( complete repose4 ,its trans=mation into a nymph !n takes place1 9 :i* /ate f\r days & "p ( ! fif? are pass$4 ,n[ let u add ! items3 ,! egg1 #c days4 ,a worm1 #e ,sp9n+ a cocoon1 7#bd h\rs71 #a ,reposes elev5 days & #af h\rs1 #aa-b_/c ,a nymph f\r days1 & "p ( ! fif?1 #d-a_/c ------- #be days4 ,n[1 read]1 :at d y make ( su* palpable blund]+ guess-"w8 ,a diff]5ce ( n9e days--! m]e/ s*ool-boy ought to "k bett]6 ,c we rely on su* hi/ory8 ,does x n prove ! necessity ( go+ ov] ! :ole gr\nd1 apply+ a te/ to e ass]tion1 & a revision ( ! :ole matt] ?r\gh\t8 ,my object is n to f9d fault1 b to get at facts4 ,:5 ,i see su* guess-"w z ! above publi%$ to ! _w1 9 ?is enlight5$ age1 gravely told to ! ris+ g5]ation1 z a portion ( natural hi/ory1 ,i feel x a duty n to resi/ ! incl9ation to expose ! absurdity4 ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,eggs ,,deposit$ ,,by ,,! ,,que5 ,,guess$ ,,at4 ,! numb] ( eggs t a que5 w deposit is (t5 ano!r po9t ( guess-"w4 ,:5 ! e/imate does n exce$ #bjj p] diem1 ,i h no reason to dispute x2 ! numb] w probably fall %ort 9 "s cases1 & exce$ x 9 o!rs4 ,"s writ]s suppose t ?is numb] w\ld nev] produce a sw>m1 z ! bees t are lo/ daily am\nt to1 or ev5 exce$ t numb]1 & give u in/ead f eight hundr$ to f\r ?\s& eggs 9 a day1 f "o que54 ,! only way to te/ ! matt] accurately1 is by actually c\nt+1 9 an obs]vatory hive1 or 9 "o ) suffici5t empty combs to hold all ! eggs %e w deposit = a few days1 :51 by remov+ ! bees1 & c\nt+ c>efully1 we might asc]ta91 & yet sev]al w\ld h to be exam9$1 be=e we c\ld get at ! av]age4 ,! ne>e/ ,i ev] came to kn[+ any?+ ab\t x happ5$ z foll[s3 ,a sw>m left1 & ! que5 f "s cause 0 unable to clu/] ) x1 & 0 f\nd1 aft] "s tr\ble1 9 ! grass a few rods (f4 ,%e 0 put 9 ! hive ) ! sw>m ab\t #aa o'clock1 ,a4,m42 ! next morn+1 at sunrise1 ,i f\nd on ! bottom-bo>d1 among ! scales ( wax1 #aah eggs t _h be5 dis*>g$ 9 t "t4 ,probably a few escap$ notice1 z ! color is ! same z wax scales2 also1 !y might already h _h combs conta9+ "s4 ,i h sev]al times f\nd a few ! next morn+1 "u sw>ms hiv$ ! day previ\s1 b nev] ov] ?irty1 except 9 ?is "o in/ance4 ,! reason ( ?is que5 n be+ able to fly well might h be5 an unusual burd5 ( eggs4 ,p]haps x w\ld be z well to m5tion "h1 t 9 all cases :]e eggs are f\nd 9 ?is way1 t !y mu/ be fir/ sw>ms :i* are accompani$ by ! old que5s4 ,s*ira* e/imates ! eggs a s+le female w lay1 f #gj1jjj to #ajj1jjj 9 a season4 ,reaum] & ,hub] d n e/imate s high4 ,ano!r writ] e/imates #ij1jjj1 9 ?ree mon?s4 ,let ! numb] be z x may1 probably ?\s&s are nev] p]fect$4 ,dur+ ! spr+ mon?s1 9 m$ium & small families1 :]e ! bees c protect ) animal heat b a few combs1 ,i h (t5 f\nd cells conta9+ a plurality ( eggs1 two1 ?ree1 & occasionally f\r1 9 a s+le cell4 ,^! sup]num]>ies mu/ be remov$1 & frequ5tly may be f\nd among/ ! du/ on ! bottom-bo>d4 ,a ,,te/ ,,= ,,! ,,pres5ce ,,( ,a ,,que54 ,if y h a hive t y suspect has lo/ a que5 at ?is season1 h] pres5ce c be asc]ta9$ n9e times 9 t5 by ?is me?od4 ,sweep (f ! bo>d clean1 & look ! next day or two aft] = ^! eggs4 ,take c>e t ants1 or mice1 h no *ance to get !m2 !y might deceive y1 be+ z fond ( eggs = breakfa/ z anyone4#g ,:5 "o or m is f\nd1 or any immature bees1 x is suffici5t1 no fur!r pro( ( ! pres5ce ( a que5 is ne$$4 #g ,x is said t ! bees w dev\r ^! eggs also4 ,ano!r portion ( eggs is wa/$ :5ev] a supply ( _! food fails2 if we remove ! bees f a /ock dur+ a sc>city1 :5 ! hive is light1 we w be v likely to f9d hundr$s ( eggs 9 ! cells1 & b v few advanc+ f t /age t[>ds maturity4 ,i h ?us f\nd x 9 ! fall1 9 ,july1 & sometimes ! fir/ ( ,june1 or at any "t :5 matur+ ! brood w\ld be likely to exhau/ _! /ores1 to endang] ! family's supply4 ,n[1 in/ead ( ! f]tility ( ! que5 be+ great] 9 spr+ & fir/ ( summ] ?an at o!r times1 7z we are (t5 told71 ,i w\ld sugge/ ! probability t a great] abundance ( food at ?is season1 & a great] numb] ( empty cells1 may be ! reason ( ! great] numb] ( bees matur$4 ,,:5 ,,drones ,,are ,,re>$4 ,:5ev] ! hive is well suppli$ ) honey1 & pl5ty ( bees1 a portion ( eggs are deposit$ 9 ! drone-cells1 :i* ?ree or f\r days m are necess>y to mature ?an ! work]4 ,,:5 ,,que5s ,,are ,,re>$4 ,also1 :5 ! combs become cr[d$ ) bees1 & honey pl5ty1 ! prep>ations = "y que5s comm5ce3 z ! fir/ /ep t[>ds sw>m+1 f "o to tw5ty royal cells are begun2 :5 ab\t half complet$1 ! que5 7if all cont9ues favorable7 w deposit eggs 9 !m1 ^! w be glu$ fa/ by "o end l ^? = ! work]s2 !re is no d\bt b !y are precisely ! same k9d ( eggs t produce o!r bees4 ,:5 hat*$1 ! little worm w be suppli$ ) a sup]abundance ( food2 at lea/1 x appe>s s f ! fact1 t a few times ,i h f\nd a quantity rema9+ 9 ! cell aft] ! que5 _h left4 ,! consi/5ce ( ?is food is ab\t l cream1 ! color "s light]1 or j t+$ ) yell[4 ,if x 0 ?9 l wat]1 or ev5 honey1 ,i _c imag9e h[ x c\ld be made to /ay 9 ! upp] end ( an inv]t$ cell ( t size 9 su* quantities z are put 91 z ! bees (t5 fill x ne> half full4 ,sometimes a cell ( ?is k9d w conta9 ?is food1 & no worm to fe$ ^u x4 ,i guess$ ! bees _h comp\nd$ m ?an _! pres5t necessities requir$1 & t !y /or$ x !re to h x ready1 also1 t be+ !re all might "k x 0 = royalty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,k9ds ,,( ,,cells4 ,! ta/e is said to be m pung5t ?an food giv5 to ! work]1 & ! diff]5ce 9 food *anges ! bee f a work] to a que54 ,i h no?+ to say aga9/ ?is hypo!sis2 x may be s1 or ! "y bee be+ oblig$ to /& on its head may effect x1 or bo? causes comb9$ may effect ! *ange4 ,i nev] ta/$ ?is food1 or f\nd any te/ to apply4 ,! prec$+ plate repres5ts a piece ( comb conta9+ all ! diff]5t cells--^? at ! left h& ! size = drones4 ,9 ! c5tre are few t appe> seal$ ov]1 o!rs ne>ly cov]$1 o!rs ! l>va 9 diff]5t /ages ( gr[?1 z well z ! eggs4 ,fig4 #a repres5ts a que5's cell j comm5c$4 ,!y are usually />t$ ?us f> ! fir/ season1 v frequ5tly :5 ! hive is only half or two-?irds full4 ,fig4 #b is a cell suffici5tly advanc$ to receive ! egg4 ,fig4 #c "o f9i%$1 ! /age :5 ! fir/ sw>m leaves4 ,fig4 #d :5 a que5 has be5 p]fect$ & left4 ,fig4 #e is a cell :]e its occupant has be5 de/roy$ by a rival1 & remov$ by ! work]s4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t ea* f9i%$ que5's cell conta9s z mu* wax z fifty made = ! work]s4 ,,liability ,,( ,,be+ ,,de/roy$4 ,9 any /age f ! egg to maturity ^! royal insects are liable to be de/roy$2--if honey fails f any cause suffici5t to make ! exi/5ce ( a sw>m any way haz>d\s1 ! prep>ations are ab&on$1 & ^! "y que5s de/roy$2 7,i w\ld "h reque/ ! read] n to condemn me = tell+ m ?an ,i c prove1 until he has _h ! :ole /ory2 9 ! sw>m+ season1 ,i w give fur!r p>ticul>s47 ,,drones ,,de/roy$ ,,:5 ,,honey ,,is ,,sc>ce4 ,:5 an occurr5ce l ! above happ5s1 ! drones next fall victims to ! failure ( honey4 ,a brief exi/5ce only is !irs2 su* z are p]fect1 are de/roy$ )\t m]cy2 ^? 9 ! *rysalis /ate are (t5 dragg$ out1 & sacrific$ to ! necessities ( ! family4 ,su* z are all[$ to hat*1 in/ead ( be+ f$ & protect$ z !y w\ld be if honey 0 abundant1 are all[$1 :ile yet weak f ! effects ( hung]1 to w&] f ! hive1 & fall to ! e>? by hundr$s4 ,^! effects att5d only a sc>city 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! season4 ,! massacre ( ,july & ,septemb] is q diff]5t4 ,! drones !n h age & /r5g?--an ef=t is app>5tly fir/ made by ! work]s to drive !m out )\t proce$+ to extremes2 !y are h>ass$ sometimes = sev]al days2 ! work]s feign+ only to /+1 or else !y _c1 z ,i nev] succe$$ 9 see+ b v few dispat*$ 9 t way2 yet !re is evid5ce prov+ beyond d\bt t ! /+ is us$4 ,hundr$s w (t5 be collect$ toge!r 9 a compact body at ! bottom ( ! hive2 ?is mutual protection af=d+ a few h\rs' respite f _! torm5tors1 :o d n cease to worry !m4 ,9 a few days !y are gone1 & x is a h>d matt] to tell :at has become ( !m1 at lea/ ! majority4 ,if ! hive 9 ,septemb] is well suppli$ ) honey1 a portion ( ! drones h a long] lease ( life giv5 !m2 ,i h se5 !m z late z ,decemb]4 ,9 "s seasons1 :5 ! be/ hives are poorly suppli$ ) /ores1 ! ensu+ spr+ ! bees w re> no drones1 until ! fl[]s yield a good supply4 ,i h kn[n "o or two ye>s 9 :i* no drones appe>$ be=e ! la/ ( ,june2 at o!r times1 ?\s&s are matur$ by ! fir/ ( ,may4 ,,old ,,que5 ,,leaves ,,) ,,! ,,fir/ ,,sw>m4 ,! old que5 leaves ) ! fir/ sw>m2 z soon z cells are ready 9 ! new hive %e w deposit h] eggs 9 !m1 at fir/ = work]s2 ! numb] p]fect$ w correspond ) ! supply ( honey & size ( ! sw>m4 ,:5 ! supply fails be=e leav+ ! old /ock1 %e rema9s !re1 & cont9ues lay+ ?r\gh\t ! season2 b ! bees matur$ aft] ! #bj? ( ,july 79 ?is section7 are n m ?an suffici5t to keep ! numb] good4 ,z _m die1 or are lo/ dur+ _! excursions1 z ! "y ones w replace2 9 fact1 !y (t5 lose r ?an ga92 s t by ! next spr+1 a hive t has ca/ no sw>m1 is no bett] = a /ock ?an "o f :i* a sw>m has issu$4 ,we are apt to be deceiv$ by bees clu/]+ outside1 t[>ds ! latt] end ( ! season1 & suppose x h>dly possible = !m all to get 91 :5 x may be caus$ by hot wea!r1 full /ores1 c4 ,a ,,"y ,,que5 ,,takes ,,! ,,place ,,( ,,h] ,,"m ,,9 ,,! ,,old ,,/ock4 ,9 ord9>y circum/ances1 :5 a sw>m has left a /ock1 ! olde/ ( ! "y que5s is ready to em]ge f h] cell 9 ab\t eight or n9e days2 if no second sw>m is s5t out1 %e w take h] "m's place1 & beg9 to lay eggs 9 ab\t t5 days1 or a little less4 ,two or ?ree weeks is ! only "t ?r\gh\t ! :ole season1 b :at eggs c be f\nd 9 all prosp]\s hives4 ,:5ev] a copi\s yield ( honey occurs1 drones are re>$2 z x becomes sc>ce1 !y are de/roy$4 ,! relative numb] ( drones & work]s t exi/ :5 !y are mo/ num]\s1 d\btless dep5ds on ! size ( ! hive1 :e!r "o 9 t51 or "o 9 ?irty4 ,:5 a sw>m is fir/ hiv$1 ! fir/ cells are ! size = work+2 if ! hive be v small1 & bees num]\s1 x may be fill$ be=e !y are fully aw>e ( x1 & b few drone-cells con/ruct$2 consequ5tly1 b few c be rais$2 :]eas if ! hive be l>ge1 long be=e x is full1 consid]able honey w be /or$4 ,cells = /or+ honey are usually ! size = drones2 ^! w be made z soon z ! requisite numb] = work]s is provid$4 ,an abundant yield ( honey dur+ ! process ( fill+ a l>ge hive1 w\ld !re=e cause a great proportion ( ^! cells to be built--! am\nt ( drone-brood be+ gov]n$ by ! same cause1 is a /rong argum5t aga9/ l>ge hives1 z af=d+ room = too _m ( ^! cells1 :]e an unnecess>y numb] ( drones w be re>$1 caus+ a useless exp5diture ( honey1 c4 ,,o!r ,,!ories4 ,!ories diff]+ mat]ially f ! =ego+1 are advanc$ by ne>ly all writ]s4 ,"o says1 ,9 spr+ ! que5 lays ab\t #b1jjj eggs ( males1 resumes x aga9 9 ,augu/1 b dur+ ! re/ ( ! int]vals %e exclusively lays work] eggs4 ,! que5 mu/ be at lea/ elev5 mon?s old be=e %e beg9s to lay ! eggs ( males4 ,mr4 ,t[nley makes ! same ass]tion4 ,dr4 ,bevan says1 ! great lay+ ( drone eggs usually comm5ces ab\t ! end ( ,april4 ,ano!r au?or repeats ab\t ! same1 & appe>s to h inve/igat$ f>!r1 z he has f\nd out t ! eggs = ! two k9ds ( bees are g]m9at$ sep>ately1 & ! que5 kn[s :5 ea* k9d is ready1 z well z ! work]s1 c4 ,n[1 ,i beg leave to diff] a little f ^! au?ors4 ,ei!r !re exi/s no diff]5ce 9 ! eggs g]m9at$1 & any1 or all w produce drones or work]s1 j z !y happ5 to be deposit$ & f$2 or else ! p]iods ( lay+ drone eggs are mu* m frequ5t ?an any writ] ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ has be5 will+ to all[4 ,,subject ,,n ,,und]/ood4 ,i am n anxi\s to e/abli% a new !ory1 b to get at facts4 ,if we pret5d to und]/& natural hi/ory1 x is important t we h x correct2 & if we d n und]/& x1 say s1 & leave x op5 = fur!r inve/igation4 ,x is my op9ion t we "k b v little ab\t ?is po9t4 ,i wi% to induce clos] obs]vation1 & w\ld recomm5d no positive decision1 until all ! facts t w apply h be5 exam9$4 ,:e!r ^! drone-egg !ories h be5 too ha/ily adopt$1 ! read] c decide2 ,i %all (f] a few m facts1 some:at difficult to reconcile ) !m4 ,fir/1 9 relation to ! que5 be+ elev5 mon?s old be=e lay+ drone eggs4 ,we all agree1 ,i believe1 t ! old que5 goes ) ! fir/ sw>m1 & a "y "o rema9s 9 ! old /ock4 ,n[ suppose ! fir/ sw>m leaves 9 ,june1 & ! old /ock yet conta9s a num]\s family4 ,! fl[]s ( buck:eat 9 ,augu/ yield a b\ntiful h>ve/ ( honey4 ,?is old /ock re>s a l>ge brood ( drones4 ,is x n prov$ 9 ?is case t ! que5 0 b two mon?s old1 in/ead ( elev58 ,we fur!r agree t "y que5s accompany second or aft]-sw>ms4 ,:5 ^! happ5 to be l>ge & prosp]\s1 !y nev] fail to re> a brood ( drones at ?is season4 ,:at is ! age ( ^!8 ,i appreh5d t ?is elev5 mon?s !ory orig9at$ 9 sections :]e !re are no crops ( buck:eat rais$1 or 9 small quantities4 ,clov] g5]ally fails 9 ,augu/1 & ,may1 or ,june1 ( ano!r ye> comes r\nd1 be=e !re is a suffici5t yield to produce ! brood4 ,) ^! obs]vations only1 h[ v rational to conclude t x mu/ be a law ( _! nature1 in/ead ( be+ gov]n$ by ! yield ( honey1 & size ( ! family8 ,if ! p]iods ( drone egg lay+ are limit$ to only two or ?ree1 x w\ld seem t all que5s ought to be ready ) ?is k9d ( egg1 ab\t ! same p]iod ( ! season1 b h[ are ! facts8 ,i w\ld l to inquire :at becomes ( ! fir/ s]ies ( drone eggs1 ! la/ ( ,april1 or ! fir/ ( ,may1 :5 ! /ocks are poorly suppli$ ) honey1 or :5 a family is small & b little honey ?r\gh ! summ]8 ,no drone brood is matur$ 9 ^! cases4 ,x is n pret5d$ t ! que5 has any control ov] ! g]m9ation ( ^! eggs1 yet someh[ %e has !m ready :5ev] ! situation ( ! hive w w>rant x4 ,two /ocks may h an equal numb] ( bees ! fir/ ( ,may2 "o may h =ty p\nds ( honey1 ! o!r f\r p\nds2 ! latt] _c af=d to re> a drone1 :ile ! o!r w h hundr$s4 ,let two /ocks h b f\r p\nds ea* at any "t 9 summ] :5 honey is sc>ce1 n[ fe$ "o ( !m pl5tifully1 & a brood ( drones is sure to appe>1 :ile ! o!r w n produce "o4 ,:5ev] /ocks are well /or$ ) honey1 & full ( bees1 ! fir/ ( ,may w f9d drone-cells conta9+ brood4 ,if ! fl[]s cont9ue to yield a full supply1 ^! cells may be exam9$ e week f t p]iod till ! fir/ sw>m leaves1 & ,i w engage t drone brood may be f\nd 9 all /ages f ! egg to maturity2 & ! work] brood ! same4 ,9 tw5ty-f\r days aft] ! fir/ sw>m leaves1 ! la/ drone eggs left by ! old que5 w be j ab\t matur$4 ,:5 transf]r+ bees f old to new hives1 ,i g5]ally d x ab\t tw5ty-"o or tw5ty-two days aft] ! fir/ sw>m1 7?is is ! "t to avoid de/roy+ ! work]-brood2 ! p>ticul>s w be giv5 9 ano!r place47 ,i h transf]r$ a great _m1 & nev] fail$ to f9d a few drones ab\t ready to leave ! combs4 ,:e!r ! sw>m _h left ! la/ ( ,may1 or middle ( ,july1 !re 0 no diff]5ce1 !y 7 on h&4 ,a v e>ly sw>m 9 good seasons1 w (t5 fill ! hive1 & s5d out an issue 9 f f\r to six weeks3 ! usual am\nt ( drone-brood may be f\nd 9 ^! cases4 ,! foll[+ circum/ance w\ld appe> to indicate t all ! eggs are alike1 & if !y are laid 9 drone-cells1 ! bees give ! prop] food & make drones2 if 9 work]-cells1 work]s1 j z !y make a que5 f a work]-egg1 :5 put 9 a royal cell4 ,9 a glass hive1 "o %eet ( comb next ! glass1 & p>allel ) x1 0 full size2 ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( ?is %eet 0 work]-cells1 ! rema9d] drone-cells4 ,! family _h be5 r small1 b n[ _h increas$ to a full sw>m2 a few drones _h matur$ 9 ! middle ( ! hive4 ,x 0 ab\t ! middle ( ,june1 #ahej1 :5 ,i discov]$ ! bees on ?is outside %eet1 prep>+ x1 z ,i ?\ght1 = brood1 by cutt+ (f ! cells to ! prop] l5g?4 ,!y _h be5 us$ = /or+ honey1 & 7 mu* too long1 be+ ab\t an in* & a half deep4 ,9 a day or two aft] ,i saw a few eggs 9 bo? work] & drone-cells2 f\r or five days aft]w>ds1 on op5+ ! door1 ,i f\nd h] maje/y engag$ 9 deposit+ eggs 9 ! drone cells4 ,ne>ly e "o already conta9$ an egg2 mo/ ( ^! %e exam9$1 b did n use !m2 six or eight1 x appe>$1 7 all t 7 unoccupi$2 9 ea* ( ^! %e imm$iately deposit$ an egg4 ,%e cont9u$ to se>* = m empty cells1 & 9 do+ s1 %e got on ! "p ( ! comb conta9+ work]-cells1 :]e %e f\nd a doz5 or m empty1 9 ea* ( :i*1 %e laid "o4 ,! :ole "t p]haps ?irty m9utes4 ,qu]y8 ,0 h] s]ies ( drone eggs exhau/$ j at ?is "t8 ,if s1 x w\ld appe> t %e 0 n aw>e ( x1 because %e exam9$ sev]al drone-cells aft] lay+ ! la/ "o !re1 be=e leav+ t "p ( ! comb1 & act$ exactly z if %e w\ld h us$ !m _h !y n be5 pre-occupi$4 ,did ! work]-cells receive "s eggs t w\ld h produc$ drones1 b = ! circum/ance ( be+ deposit$ 9 work]-cells8 ,i "k we are told t an egg may be transf]r$ f a work]-cell to "o = drones1 or an egg tak5 f a drone-cell & deposit$ 9 a work]-cell2 t ! ex*ange w make no diff]5ce1 ! bee w be j :at ! fir/ deposit w\ld h made x4 ,h[ ! k = ?is ass]tion 0 obta9$1 we are n in=m$1 at lea/ ( ! practical "p4 ,t an egg 0 ev] deta*$ f ! bottom ( "o cell safely & successfully deposit$ 9 ano!r1 )\t break+ or injur+ x 9 "s mann]1 to make ! bees refuse x1 p]mit me at pres5t to d\bt4 ,,necessity ,,= ,,fur!r ,,obs]vation4 ,_c "s exp]im5ts1 practicable to all1 be in/itut$ t w ?r[ m light on ?is subject8 ,! old hypo!sis ( limit+ drone-egg lay+ to two or ?ree p]iods1 is evid5tly at fault4 ,,two ,,sides ,,( ,,! ,,"q4 ,if we suppose t ! eggs are all alike1 & ! subsequ5t treatm5t makes ei!r work]s1 drones1 or que5s1 & look to analogy = support1 we %all f9d mu* aga9/1 z well z = x4 ,= in/ance1 we f9d 9 almo/ e dep>tm5t ( animat$ nature1 t ! sex ( ! g]m ( a future be+ is decid$ be=e be+ sep>at$ f ! p>5t1 z ! eggs ( f[ls1 c4 ,ano!r fact1 "s que5s 7av]ag+ "o 9 sixty or eighty7 deposit eggs t produce only drones1#h :e!r 9 work] or drone-cells1 prov+ t sex is decid$ 9 ?is case beyond controv]sy4 ,h5ce x w\ld appe> reasonable1 if sex 0 decid$ by ! ov>ies ( ! que51 9 "o case1 x w\ld be 9 ano!r4 #h ,i h _h sev]al su*4 ,x made no diff]5ce :e!r ! eggs 7 9 ! work]-cells or drone-cells1 ! brood 0 all drones4 ,:5 9 ! work]-cells1 7& ! majority 0 !re17 !y requir$ to be l5g!n$ ab\t "o-?ird4 ,9 an occurr5ce ( ?is k9d1 ! colony ( work]s w rapidly dim9i% 9 numb]1 until too few are left to protect ! combs f ! mo?4 ,x occurs mo/ frequ5tly 9 spr+1 b ,i once _h a case ! la/ ( summ]4 ,! fir/ indications are an unusual numb] ( caps1 or cov]s ( cells1 be+ "u & ab\t ! hive2 ! work]s1 in/ead ( increas+1 gr[ less 9 numb]4 ,:5 y fe> ?is /ate ( ?+s1 make a ?or\gh exam9ation1 bl[ "u ! hive "s tobacco smoke1 z direct$ 9 prun+1 inv]t ! hive1 "p ! combs till y c see ! brood2 if ! work]-cells conta9 drones1 !y are readily p]ceiv$1 z !y project beyond ! usual ev5 surface1 be+ v irregul>1 "h & !re a few1 or p]haps b "o /ick+ out4 ,! work]-brood1 :5 9 _! own cells1 =m ne>ly an ev5 surface2 s ( ! drones4 ,! only rem$y t ,i h f\nd is to de/roy ?is que51 & sub/itute ano!r1 :i* c be obta9$ 9 ! sw>m+ season1 or 9 ! fall1 bett] ?an at o!r times4 ,to f9d ! que51 p>alyze ) puff-ball1 c4 ,= directions see fall managem5t4 ,to all[ ! bees ! p[] ( mak+ ?ree k9ds ( bees f "o k9d ( eggs1 :i* w\ld be virtually con/itut+ a ?ird sex1 an anomaly n (t5 f\nd4 ,! drones be+ males1 & work]s imp]fect females ) g5]ative organs undevelop$1 r5d]s ! anomaly ( ! ?ird sex unnecess>y4 ,on ! o!r side x might be said 9 reply3 ,t if food & treatm5t w\ld create or produce organs ( g5]ation 9 ! female1 by mak+ an egg de/9$ = a work] into a que51 7a fact :i* all api>ians admit17 :y n food & treatm5t make ! drone8 ,is ! difficulty ( develop+ "o k9d ( sexual organs great] ?an ano!r8 ,respect+ ! anomaly ( ! eggs ( "s que5s produc+ only drones1 ! "q might be ask$1 ,is ?is m ( an anomaly ?an t ( ord9>y que5s :i* are said to g]m9ate eggs 9 di/9ct s]ies8 ,x is all out ( ! usual l9e4 ,o!r animals or insects usually produce ! sexes promiscu\sly4 ,z we are ignorant ( causes decid+ sex 9 any case1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge my/]y to belong to bo? sides ( ! "q "h4 ,! /umbl+-block ( m ?an two sexes1 :i* seems s necess>y to make pla91 is no great] "h ?an ) "s species ( ants1 t h1 z we are told1 k+1 que51 soldi] & labor]4 ,f\r di/9ct & diff]5tly =m$ bodies1 all belong+ to "o ne/1 & desc5d$ f "o "m4 ,:e!r !re are f\r di/9ct k9ds ( eggs produc+ !m1 or ! p[] is giv5 to ! work]s to develop su* z are want$1 f "o k9d1 we _c say4 ,if we make two k9ds ( eggs1 x helps ! matt] b v little4 ,!re is /ill an anomaly4 ,!re is b "o p]fect female 9 a ne/ to g]m9ate eggs1 & ! myriads produc$ 7be+ ov] #hj1jjj 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 accord+ to "s hi/orians7 %[s t ! fecundity ( our que5-bee is n a p>allel case by any means4 ,& yet !y are simil>1 by hav+ _! (fspr+ provid$ = )\t an ef=t ( _! own4 ,i %all leave ?is matt] = ! pres5t1 hop+ t some?+ conclusive may occur 9 ! c\rse ( my exp]im5ts1 or ^? ( o!rs4 ,at pres5t ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! eggs are all alike1 b am n fully satisfi$4 ,i am aw>e t ?is matt] is ( b little value or int]e/ to _m1 b myself & a few o!rs h ,yankee inquisitiv5ess pretty well develop$1 & w\ld l to "k h[ x 0 manag$4 ,z = work]s prov+ occasionally f]tile1 ,i h b little to say4 ,aft] ye>s ( close obs]vation direct$ to ?is po9t1 ,i h be5 unable to discov] any?+ to e/abli% ?is op9ion4 ,nei!r h ,i f\nd ! black bees describ$ by "s au?ors4 ,x is true t 9 ! middle or latt] "p ( summ] a portion w be mu* d>k] ?an o!rs1 & p]haps r small]1 & "s ( !m ) _! w+s some:at worn1 probably ! result ( cont9u$ labor1 peculi> food1 or "s incid5tal circum/ance4 ,i h a few times f\nd a humble-bee "u ! hive1 t _h ent]$1 & n f9d+ 8 way out readily1 0 spe$ily %orn ( 8 beautiful locks1 & consequ5tly 8 /r5g?--t is1 e p>ticle ( hair1 d[n1 fea!rs1 bri/les1 or :atev] he _h be5 cov]$ )1 0 completely remov$ by ! bees1 :o _h no reg>d = 8 beautiful alt]nat+ /ripes ( yell[ & br[n2 :i* left him ! v picture ( d>kness4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,bee ,,pa/urage4 ,9 "s seasons ! e>? is cov]$ ) sn[ mu* lat] ?an o!rs4 ,:5 ?is occurs1 a great] numb] ( w>m days are necess>y to melt x1 & />t ! fl[]s1 ?an o!rwise4 ,,sub/itute ,,= ,,poll54 ,dur+ ^! w>m days1 :ile wait+ = ! fl[]s1 ! bees are anxi\s to d some?+4 ,x is !n int]e/+ to wat* !m1 & see :at w be us$ z sub/itutes = poll5 & honey4 ,at su* times1 ,i h se5 hundr$s engag$ on a heap ( sawdu/1 ga!r+ ! m9ute p>ticles into little pellets on _! legs1 seem+ q pleas$ ) ! acquisition4 ,rott5 wood1 :5 crumbl$ into p[d]1 & dry1 is also collect$4 ,fl\r1 :5 scatt]$ ne> ! hive1 ,i h kn[n to be tak5 up 9 consid]able quantities4 ,"s api>ians h f$ x to _! bees at ?is season1 & consid] x a great advantage2 ,i h n te/$ x suffici5t to give an op9ion4 ,a sub/itute = honey is sap f a few k9ds ( trees1 yet x all am\nts to b v little4 ,all ^! unnatural s\rces are ab&on$ :5 ! fl[]s appe>4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,pack+ ,,x4 ,! p>ticul> mann] ( obta9+ poll5 has be5 witness$ by b v few p]sons1 z x is g5]ally bru%$ f _! bodies & pack$ on _! legs1 :ile on ! w+1 !reby prev5t+ a fair *ance to inspect op]ations4 ,:5 collect+ only poll5 !y alight on ! fl[]s1 pass+ rapidly ov] ! /am5s1 deta*+ a portion ( ! du/1 :i* lodges on mo/ p>ts ( !m1 to be bru%$ toge!r & pack$ into pellets :5 aga9 on ! w+4 ,?us !y keep alt]nately fly+ & alight+ until a load is obta9$1 :5 !y imm$iately return to ! hive2 ea* bee br++ sev]al loads 9 a day4 ,honey1 z x is collect$1 is deposit$ 9 ! abdom51 & kept out ( sight till /or$ 9 ! hive4 ,,ald] ,,yields ,,! ,,fir/4 ,! fir/ mat]ial ga!r$ f fl[]s is poll54 ,c&le-ald] 7,alnus ,rubra7#i yields ! fir/ supply4 ,! "t ( fl[]+ v>ies f ! #aj? ( ,m>* to ! #bj? ( ,april4 ,! am\nt af=d$ is also v>iable4 ,cold1 freez+ wea!r frequ5tly de/roys a great portion ( ^! fl[]s aft] !y are out4 ,^! /am9ate fl[]s are ne>ly p]fect$ ! season previ\s1 & a few w>m days 9 spr+ w br+ !m out1 ev5 be=e any leaves appe>4 ,:5 ! wea!r cont9ues f9e1 great quantities ( f>9a are secur$4 #i ,! botanical names are f ,wood's ,class-,book4 ,! "t t bees comm5ce _! labors does n gov]n ! "t ( sw>m+ by any means2 ?is matt] dep5ds on ! wea!r ?r\gh ,april & ,may4 ,^! rem>ks apply p>ticul>ly to ?is section1 ,gre5 ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 9 latitude ab\t #db degrees4 ,9 o!r places _m diff]5t trees1 %rubs1 & h]bs1 may be f\nd yield+ honey & poll5 t sc>cely exi/ "h1 produc+ f> diff]5t results4 ,our swamps produce sev]al v>ieties ( will[1 7salix17 t put out _! blossoms v irregul>ly4 ,"s ( ^! bu%es are a mon? e>li] ?an o!rs1 & "s ( ! buds on ! same bu% are a week or two lat] ?an ! re/4 ,^! also af=d only poll51 b are mu* m dep5d5ce ?an ald]1 z a turn ( cold wea!r _c at any "t de/roy m ?an a small "p4 ,next comes ! asp51 7,populus ,tremuloides72 ( ?is we h m ?an is necess>y = any purpose4 ,x is n a p>ticul> favorite ) ! bees1 z b few1 comp>atively1 visit x4 ,x is foll[$ v soon by an abundance ( ! r$ maple 7,ac] ,rubrum71 t suits !m bett]1 b ?is1 l ! o!rs1 is (t5 lo/ by freez+4 ,! fir/ honey obta9$ ( any acc\nt is f ! gold5 will[ 7,salix ,vitell9a72 x yields no poll51 & is seldom injur$ by fro/4 ,gooseb]ries1 currants1 *]ries1 pe> & pea* trees1 add a %>e ( bo? honey & poll54 ,sug> maple 7,ac] ,sac*>9um7 n[ ?r[s out its t5 ?\s& silk5 tassels1 beautiful z gold4 ,/rawb]ries mode/ly op5 _! petals 9 invitation1 b1 l obscure virtues1 are (t5 neglect$ = ! m conspicu\s ,d&elion1 & ! %[y appe>ance & flagrant blossoms ( ! apple-trees1 :i* n[ op5 _! /ores1 (f]+ to _! acceptance a real h>ve/4 ,,fruit ,,fl[]s ,,important ,,9 ,,good ,,wea!r4 ,9 good wea!r1 sometimes a ga9 ( tw5ty lbs4 is add$ to _! /ores1 dur+ ?is p]iod ( apple-tree blossoms4 ,b we are seldom =tunate en\gh to h good wea!r all ?r\gh ?is p]iod1 x be+ ra9y1 cl\dy1 cool1 or w9dy1 :i* is v detrim5tal4 ,sometimes a fro/ at ?is "t de/roys all1 & ! ga9 ( our bees is rev]s$1 t is1 !y are light] at ! end ?an at ! beg9n+ ( ^! fl[]s4 ,yet ?is is ! season t decides _! prosp]ity = ! summ]1 :e!r !y d fir/ rate or o!rwise4 ,if good wea!r n[1 we expect our fir/ sw>ms ab\t ! fir/ ( ,june2 if n1 no subsequ5t yield ( honey w make up = ?is defici5cy4 ,we n[ h a "t ( sev]al days1 f t5 to f\rte51 9 :i* b few fl[]s exi/4 ,if our hives are poorly suppli$ :5 ?is sc>city occurs1 x w s dis>range _! plans = sw>m+1 t no prep>ations are aga9 made mu* be=e ,july1 & sometimes n at all4 ,9 sections :]e ! wild *]ry 7,c]asus ,s]at9a7 ab\nds1 ! fl[]s ( ?is w appe> & fill ?is "t ( sc>city1 :i* ?is section annually pres5ts4 ,,r$ ,,raspb]ry ,a ,,favorite4 ,! r$ raspb]ry 7,rubus ,/rigosus7 next pres5ts ! /am5s z ! mo/ conspicu\s "p ( ! fl[]1 solicit+ ! embrace ( ! bee1 by p\r+ out b\nte\s libations m priz$ by our indu/ri\s insect ?an w9e4 ,= sev]al weeks !y are all[$ to p>take ( ?is exquisite bev]age2 x is secret$ at all h\rs & 9 all k9ds ( wea!r4 ,:5 ! morn+ is w>m we (t5 he> _! *e]ful humm+ among ! leaves & fl[]s ( ?is %rub1 ere ! sun appe>s above ! horizon4 ,! g5tle %[]1 suffici5t to induce man to seek a %elt]1 is (t5 unhe$$ by ! bee :5 luxuriat+ among ^! fl[]s2 ev5 :ite clov]1 important z x is 9 furni%+ ! greate/ "p ( _! /ores1 at ?is season1 w\ld be neglect$ if !re 0 only a full supply ( ?is4 ,clov] beg9s to blossom ) ! raspb]ry1 & cont9ues long]4 ,we h an insuffici5t supply 79 ?is section7 9 mo/ seasons4 ,r$ clov] probably secretes z mu* honey z ! :ite1 b ! tube ( ! corolla be+ long]1 ! bee appe>s to be unable to rea* x4 ,yet ,i h se5 a few at "w ev5 "h b x appe>$ l sl[ bus9ess4 ,sorrel1 7,rumex ,acetosella7 ! pe/ ( _m f>m]s1 is br\ght "u contribution1 & furni%es ! preci\s du/ 9 any quantity4 ,morn+ is ! only "p ( ! day appropriat$ to its collection4 ,,catnip1 ,,"m-,,wort1 ,,& ,,ho>h\nd ,,are ,,s\ght ,,aft]4 ,catnip1 7,nepeta ,cat>ia17 ,"m-wort1 7,leonurus ,c>diaca17 & ,ho>h\nd1 7,m>rubium ,vulg>e17 ab\t ! middle ( ,june1 put =? _! fl[]s1 ri* 9 sweetness1 & l ! ,raspb]ry1 ! bees visit !m at all h\rs & 9 ne>ly all k9ds ( wea!r4 ,!y la/ f f\r to six weeks2 ! catnip ,i h kn[n to la/ twelve 9 a few in/ances1 yield+ honey dur+ ! :ole "t4 ,ox-eye daisy1 7,leucan!mum ,vulg>e17 t beautiful & spl5did fl[]1 9 pa/ure & mead[1 & wor? b little 9 ei!r1 also conta9s "s honey4 ,! fl[] is comp\nd1 & ea* little floret conta9s p>ticles s m9ute1 t ! task ( obta9+ a load is v t$i\s4 ,x is only visit$ :5 ! m copi\s honey-yield+ fl[]s are sc>ce4 ,snap-dragon17,l9>ia ,vulg>is17 ) its nause\s & sick5+ odor1 tr\bl+ ! f>m] ) its vile pres5ce1 is made to be/[ ! only good ?+ ab\t x1 except its beauty1 ^u our insect4 ,! fl[] is l>ge & tubul>1 & ! bee to rea* ! honey mu/ ent] x2 to see ! bee almo/ disappe> )9 ! folds ( ! corolla1 "o w\ld ?9k t x 0 ab\t be+ swall[$1 :5 ! hide\s m\? 0 gap+ to receive x2 b unh>m$1 soon x em]ges f ! yell[ prison1 cov]$ ) du/2 ?is is n bru%$ into pellets on its legs1 l ! poll5 f "s o!r fl[]s1 b a "p adh]es to its back betwe5 ! w+s1 :i* x is app>5tly unable to remove1 z x rema9s !re sometimes = mon?s1 mak+ a clu/] outside ! hive1 appe> q speckl$4 ,bu% honey-suckle 7,di]villa ,trifida7 is ano!r p>ticul> favorite4 ,,s+ul> ,,fatality ,,att5dant ,,on ,,silkwe$4 ,silkwe$ 7,asclepias ,cornuti7 is also ano!r honey-yield+ p]5nial1 b a s+ul> fatality att5ds _m bees :ile ga!r+ x1 t ,i nev] yet saw notic$4 ,i _h obs]v$ dur+ ! p]iod ?is plant 0 9 bloom1 t a numb] ( ! bees belong+ to sw>ms1 be=e ! hive 0 full1 7 unable to asc5d ! sides to ! comb2 !re w\ld be sometimes ?irty or m at ! bottom 9 ! morn+4 ,on se>*+ = ! cause1 ,i f\nd f "o to t5 ?9 yell[ scales1 atta*$ to _! feet1 triangul>1 or some:at w$ge %ape1 9 size ab\t ! tw5tie? "p ( an in*4 ,on ! longe/ po9t or angle1 0 a black ?read-l po9t1 f a sixte5? to an eigh? ( an in* 9 l5g?2 on ?is /em 0 ei!r hooks1 b>bs1 or a glut9\s matt]1 t firmly adh]$ to ea* foot or claw ( ! bee1 r5d]+ x useless z f> z climb+ ! sides ( ! hive 0 conc]n$4 ,i f\nd also among bees clu/]$ outside ( full hives1 ?is ornam5t atta*$1 b to !m x appe>$ no inconv5i5ce4 ,among ! scales ( wax & wa/e matt] t accumulates ab\t ! sw>ms to ! am\nt ( a h&ful1 ,i f\nd a great _m ( ^! scales1 :i* ! bees _h work$ f _! feet4 ,! "q !n arose1 7 ^! scales a =eign sub/ance1 accid5tally entangl$ 9 _! claws1 or 0 x some?+ =m$ !re by nature1 or r an unnatural app5dage8 ,x 0 soon decid$4 ,f ! numb] ( bees c>ry+ x1 ,i 0 satisfi$ t if x 0 ! product ( any fl[]1 x belong$ to a species some:at abundant4 ,i set ab\t a close exam9ation ( all su* z 7 !n 9 bloom4 ,i f\nd ! fl[]s ( ! ,silkwe$1 7or ,milkwe$1 z "s call x17 sometimes hold+ a dead bee by ! foot1 secur$ by ?is app5dage4 ,bo? sepals & petals ( ?is fl[] are re-curv$1 t is1 turn$ backw>d t[>ds ! /em1 =m+ five acute angles1 or not*es1 j ! ?+ = a trap = a bee ) /r+s ( beads on its toes2 :5 at "w !y are v liable to slip a foot into "o ( ^! not*es2 ! fl[] be+ ?ick & firm1 holds x fa/2 pull+ only draws x deep] into ! w$ge-l cavity4 ,! bee mu/ ei!r p]i% or break loose2 _! in/9cts fail !m 9 ?is em]g5cy2 !y "k no?+ ab\t gett+ x out by a g5tle pull ! o!r way4 ,i nev] saw "o d x except by accid5t4 ,by exam9+ ! buds ( ?is plant j be=e op5+1 ,i f\nd ?is fatal app5dage1 by :i* great numb]s ( our bees are lo/4#aj ,:5 ,i po9t out a loss among our bees1 ,i w\ld l to give a rem$y2 b "h ,i am at a loss1 unless all ^! plants are de/roy$1 & ?is is impracticable 9 _m places4 ,aft] all ,i am n sure b honey en\gh is obta9$ by su* bees z d escape1 to c\nt]balance :at we lose4 ,?is w\ld dep5d on ! am\nt ( honey yield$ by o!r fl[]s at ! same "t4 #aj ,9 ,wood's ,class-book ( ,botany1 ,ord] ,,cii41 9 a plate %[+ ! p>ts ( ?is plant1 x is ?us describ$3 ,fig4 #aa1 a pair ( poll5 masses susp5d$ f ! gl&s at an angle ( ! an!ridium1 c4 ,"o1 :5 read+ ?is simple botanical description1 & see+ ! plate1 or ! ,botani/ ) 8 glasses1 :5 he m9utely inspects ! p>ts1 w\ld n suspect any?+ fatal to bees ab\t x4 ,:itewood 7,liriod5dron ,tulipif]a7 yields some?+ eag]ly s\ght = by ! bees1 b :e!r honey1 or poll51 or bo?1 ,i h nev] be5 able to asc]ta94 ,all ! fl[]s ( ?is k9d1 ) u1 are too high4 ,x is v sc>ce1 z well z ,basswood1 7,tilia ,am]icana17--t 9 "s places is abundant1 & yields honey cle> & transp>5t z wat]1 sup]ior 9 appe>ance1 b inf]ior 9 flavor to clov]2 x also appe>s mu* ?9n] :5 fir/ collect$4 ,,l>ge ,,yield ,,f ,,basswood4 ,dur+ ! "t ?is tree is 9 bloom1 a p]iod ( two or ?ree weeks 9 _m sections1 a/oni%+ quantities are obta9$4 ,a p]son once assur$ me t he _h kn[n t5 p\nds collect$ by "o sw>m 9 a day1 by weigh+ ! hive 9 ! morn+ & aga9 at ev5+4 ,i h "s d\bt ( ! /atem5t1 & ?9k half ! am\nt w\ld be a good day's "w2 b ,i _h b a small *ance to "k1 z only a few trees1 z a specim51 gr[ 9 ?is section4 ,i h weigh$ hives dur+ seasons ( apple-tree blossoms & buck:eat1 ! two be/ yields ( honey we h1 & ?ree & a half p\nds 0 ! be/ = "o day t ,i ev] _h4 ,suma*1 7,rhus ,glabra17 9 "s sections1 af=ds consid]able honey4 ,mu/>d 7,s9apis ,nigra7 is also a great favorite4 ,i h n[ m5tion$ mo/ ( ! honey-produc+ trees & plants t come on be=e ! middle ( ,july4 ,! c\rse ( ^! fl[]s is t]m$ ! fir/ yield4 ,9 sections :]e !re are no crops ( buck:eat1 x con/itutes ! only full "o4 ,o!r fl[]s cont9ue to bloom till cold wea!r4 ,:]e :ite clov] is abundant & ! fields are us$ = pa/ure1 x w cont9ue to ?r[ out fre% fl[]s1 sometimes1 ?r\gh\t ! summ]2 yet ! bees consume ab\t all !y collect 9 re>+ _! brood1 c4 ,?us x appe>s 9 "s sections six or eight weeks is ab\t all ! "t !y h to provide = w9t]4 ,,g>d5 ,,fl[]s ,,unimportant4 ,9 pass+ along ,i h n m5tion$ g>d5 fl[]s1 because ! am\nt obta9$ "h is a small item1 comp>$ to ! =e/ & fields--especially ornam5tal fl[]s4 ,x is true t ! ,hollyhock1 7,al?a ,rosea17 ,mall[s1 7,malva ,rotundifolia7 & _m o!rs yield honey1 b :at does x am\nt to8 ,a p]son expect+ 8 hives to be fill$ f su* a s\rce w\ld v likely be disappo9t$1 especially :5 _m are kept toge!r4 ,,honey-,,dew4 ,honey-dew is said to be a s\rce f :5ce l>ge collections are made 9 "s places4 ,:5 or :]e x appe>s or disappe>s is m ?an ,i c tell4 ,i h se5 ! acc\nts ( x1 b acc\nts ,i h le>n$ to d\bt until ,i f9d some?+ corroborative 9 my own exp]i5ce4 ,i f9d too _m errors copi$ m]ely because !y happ5 to be 9 company ) sev]al tru?s4 ,hub] discov]$ _m important tru?s1 & has giv5 !m to ! _w2 too _m writ]s take x = grant$ :5 two po9ts ( 8 are true1 ! ?ird mu/ be also4 ,x is no pro( t !re is no su* article m]ely because ,i nev] discov]$ x4 ,9 ! _m fruitless endeavors t ,i h made to get a view ( ?is sub/ance1 x may be ,i h lack$ close obs]vation2 or possibly !re is none %[]$ ^u ?is region2 or ,i may h fail$ to br+ my imag9ation to assi/ me to conv]t common dew into ! real article4 ,,s+ul> ,,secretion4 ,i once discov]$ bees collect+ a secretion unconnect$ ) fl[]s2 b 0 n honey-dew1 z x has be5 describ$4 ,i 0 pass+ a bu% ( ,wit*-hazel1 7,hamamelis ,virg9iana17 & 0 arre/$ by an unusual humm+ ( bees4 ,at fir/ ,i suppos$ t a sw>m 0 ab\t me1 yet x 0 late 9 ! season1 7x be+ ab\t ! #be? ,july47 ,on close inspection1 ,i f\nd ! bu% conta9$ num]\s w>ty excresc5ces1 ! size & %ape ( a hickory-nut4 ,^! prov$ to be only a %ell--! inside l9$ ) ?\s&s ( m9ute insects1 a species ( aphis4 ,^! appe>$ to be engag$ suck+ ! juices1 & dis*>g+ a cle>1 transp>5t fluid4 ,ne> ! /em 0 an orifice ab\t an eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 out ( :i* ?is liquid w\ld gradually exude4 ,s eag] 7 ! bees = ?is secretion1 t sev]al w\ld cr[d ar\nd "o orifice at a "t1 ea* endeavor+ to ?ru/ ! o!r away4 ,?is occurr$ sev]al ye>s ago1 & ,i nev] h be5 able to f9d any?+ l x s9ce2 nei!r h ,i le>n$ :e!r x is common 9 o!r sections4 ,,secretions ,,( ,,! ,,aphis4 ,! liquid eject$ by ! aphis1 7plant l\se17 :5 fe$+ or suck+ ! juices ( t5d] leaves1 & receiv$ by ! ants t are always 9 att5dance1 is some?+ l x2 b 9 ?is case ! bees 7 9 att5dance in/ead ( ants4 ,?is mode ( elaborat+ honey1 al?\gh n g5]ally collect$ by bees1 p]haps may n be too mu* out ( place "h4 ,also1 x may furni% a clue to ! cause or sub/antiate "s !ory ( honey-dew4 ,^! insects 7,aphis7 h be5 v appropriately t]m$ ants' c[s1 z !y are reg>d$ by !m ) ! mo/ t5d] c>e & solicitude4 ,9 ,july or ,augu/1 :5 ! majority ( ! leaves ( our apple trees are matur$1 !re is (t5 a few spr\ts or suck]s ab\t ! bottom or trunk1 t cont9ue gr[+ & putt+ out fre% leaves4 ,on ! "u side ( ^!1 y w f9d ! aphis by hundr$s1 ( all sizes1 f ^? j hat*$ to ! p]fect insect ) w+s4 ,all appe> to be engag$ 9 suck+ ! bitt] juice f ! t5d] leaf & /alk4 ,! ants are among !m by scores4 7,!y are (t5 accus$ by ! c>eless obs]v] ( ! injury1 in/ead ( ! aphis47 ,occasionally !re w issue f _! abdom5 a small1 transp>5t globule1 :i* ! ant is ev] ready to receive4 ,:5 a load is obta9$ x desc5ds to ! ne/2 o!rs may be se5 go+ & return+ cont9ually4 ,_m o!r k9ds ( trees1 %rubs & plants are us$ by ! ants z c[ pa/ure1 & mo/ k9ds ( ants are engag$ 9 ?is dairy bus9ess4#aa ,w\ld ! bees att5d on ! aphis = ?is secretion1 7= x appe>s to be honey17 if ! ant 0 n !re fir/8 ,or if !re 7 no ants or bees1 w\ld ?is secretion be dis*>g$1 & fall+ on ! leaves bel[ !m1 be honey-dew8 ,if !y 7 situat$ on "s l(ty trees1 & x lodg$ on ! leaves ( small bu%es ne> ! e>?1 x w\ld1 ) "s au?ors4 #aa ,! hi/ory ( insects1 z publi%$ by ,h>p]s1 gives m p>ticul>s on ?is int]e/+ subject4 ,^! que/ions ,i %all n answ]1 at pres5t4 ,z = !ory1 ,i %all probably h en\gh be=e ,i get ?r\gh1 :]e ,i hope ! subject may be m int]e/+4#ab #ab ,s9ce ! =ego+ 0 writt51 ,i h made "s fur!r obs]vations on ?is subject4 ,9 ,augu/1 #aheb1 ,i notic$1 on pass+ "u "s will[ trees1 7,salix ,vitell9a17 t leaves1 grass1 & /ones1 7 cov]$ ) a wet or %9+ sub/ance4 ,on look+ among ! bran*es1 ,i f\nd ne>ly all ! smalle/ 7 cov]$ ) a species ( l>ge black aphis1 app>5tly engag$ 9 suck+ ! juices1 & occasionally dis*>g+ a m9ute drop ( a transp>5t liquid4 ,i guess$ ?is might be ! honey-dew4 ,z ?is 0 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ,i resolv$ to visit ?is place aga91 z soon z ! sun got up f> en\gh to />t out ! bees1 & see if !y collect$ any ( x4 ,on my return ,i f\nd n only bees 9 hundr$s1 b ants1 hornets1 & wasps4 ,"s 7 on ! bran*es ) ! aphis1 o!rs on ! leaves & l>g] bran*es4 ,"s ( !m 7 ev5 on ! /ones & grass "u ! trees1 collect+ x4 ,we w n[ return to ! fl[]s1 & see :at few !re are yet to appe>1 aft] ! middle ( ,july4 ,! button-ball bu% 7,cephalan?us ,occid5talis7 is n[ mu* frequ5t$ = honey4 ,also1 our v9es1 melons1 cucumb]s1 squa%es1 & pumpk9s4 ,! latt] are visit$ only 9 ! morn+1 & honey is ! only ?+ obta9$2 not)/&+ ! bee is cov]$ ) f>9a1 x is n knead$ into pellets on its legs4 ,i h se5 x /at$ t bees nev] get honey e>ly 9 ! morn+1 b poll5 in/ead4 ,n[ x is n be/ always to take our ^w1 :o pret5d to "k all ab\t x1 b look = y\rselves into "s ( ^! matt]s4 ,take a look "s w>m morn+1 :5 ! pumpk9s are 9 bloom1 & see :e!r x is honey or poll5 !y are 9 que/ (4 ,also please make an obs]vation :5 !y are at "w on ! r$ raspb]ry1 mo!rwort1 or catnip2 y w ?us asc]ta9 a fact s easily1 t y w wond] any "o ) ! lea/ pret5sion to api>ian sci5ce c\ld be ignorant ( x4 ,i m5tion ?is1 n because x is ( mu* importance 9 itself1 b to %[ ! fallibility ( u all1 z we sometimes copy ! mi/ak5 ass]tions ( o!rs4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,buck:eat4 ,"u "s circum/ances1 clov] w cont9ue to bloom ?r\gh ?is "p ( ! season2 also1 a few o!r fl[]s2 b ,i f9d by weigh+1 a loss f "o to six p\nds1 betwe5 ! #bj? ,july & ! #aj? ( ,augu/1 :5 ! fl[]s ( buck:eat beg9 to yield honey1 :i* g5]ally proves a second h>ve/4 ,9 _m places x is _! ma9 dep5d5ce = surplus honey4 ,x is consid]$ by _m an inf]ior quality4 ,! color1 :5 sep>at$ f comb1 resembles molasses ( m$ium %ade4 ,! ta/e is m pung5t ?an clov] honey2 x is p>ticul>ly priz$ on t acc\nt by "s1 & dislik$ by o!rs = ! same reason4 ,9 ! same temp]ature x is a little ?ick] ?an o!r honey1 & is soon] c&i$4 ,,am\nt ,,( ,,honey ,,collect$ ,,f ,,x4 ,sw>ms issu+ z late z ! #ae? ,july1 :5 !y comm5ce on buck:eat1 sometimes conta9 n ov] five p\nds ( /ores1 & yet make good /ocks = w9t]1 :]eas1 )\t ?is yield1 !y might n live ?r\gh ,octob]4 ,x fails ab\t once 9 t5 ye>s4 ,i h kn[n a sw>m to ga9 9 "o week sixte5 p\nds1 & con/ruct comb to /ore x at ! same "t4 ,at ano!r "t ,i _h a sw>m issue ! #ah? ,augu/1 t obta9$ ?irty p\nds 9 ab\t eighte5 days4 ,b su* buck:eat sw>ms1 9 ord9>y seasons1 seldom get ov] fifte5 p\nds4 ,! fl[]s la/ f ?ree to five weeks4 ,! "t ( s[+ ! gra9 v>ies 9 diff]5t sections1 f ! #aj? ( ,june to ! #bj? ,july4 ,f>m]s wi% to give x j "t to rip5 be=e fro/1 z ! yield ( gra9 is consid]$ bett]1 b z ! "t ( fro/ is a matt] ( guess-"w1 "s w s[ sev]al days e>li] ?an o!rs4 ,:5ev] an abundant crop ( ?is gra9 is realiz$1 a proportionate quantity ( honey is obta9$4 ,,d ,,bees ,,injure ,,! ,,crop8 ,_m p cont5d t bees are an injury to ?is crop1 by tak+ away ! sub/ance t w\ld be =m$ into gra94 ,! be/ reasons = ?is op9ion t ,i h obta9$ are ^!3 ,i believe x1 & h ?\ght s a long "t4 ,x is reasonable if a portion ( ?is plant is tak5 away by ! bees1 !re mu/ be a less quantity ( mat]ial left = ! =mation ( se$1 c4 ,mo/ ( u h le>n$ t a p]son's op9ion is n ! /ronge/ k9d ( pro(1 unless he c exhibit sub/antial reasons = x4 ,are ! above reasons satisfactory8 ,h[ are ! facts8 ,! fl[]s exp&1 & a set ( vessels p\r into ! cup or nect>y a m9ute portion ( honey4 ,i am n aw>e t any "o cont5ds t ! plant has ano!r set ( vessels prep>$ to aga9 absorb ?is honey & conv]t x into gra94 ,b /rong te/imony proves v pla9ly t x nev] aga9 ent]s ! /alk or fl[]1 b evaporates l wat]4 ,we all "k t animal matt] :5 putrid w be dissolv$ into p>ticles small en\gh to float 9 ! atmosph]e1 too m9ute = ! nak$ eye4 ,:5 pass+ (f 9 ?is way ?is real fle% & blood w\ld escape notice p]haps altoge!r1 & nev] be detect$1 7 x n = ! olfactories1 :i* on "s occasions notify u ( its pres5ce v =cibly4 ,9 pass+ a field ( buck:eat 9 bloom1 by ! same means we are assur$ ( ! pres5ce ( honey 9 ! air4 ,n[ :at is ! diff]5ce :e!r ?is honey passes (f 9 ! air1 or is collect$ by ! bees8 ,if any diff]5ce1 ! advantage appe>s to be 9 favor ( ! bees gett+ x1 = ! reason t x ?us answ]s ano!r important end 9 ! economy ( nature1 consi/5t ) h] provisions 9 t5 ?\s& diff]5t ways ( adapt+ means to ends4 ,mo/ bre$]s ( dome/ic animals are aw>e ( ! det]iorat+ qualities induc$ by 9-&-9 bre$+2 a *ange ( bre$ is f\nd necess>y = p]fection1 c4 ,,are ,,n ,,bees ,,an ,,advantage ,,to ,,vegetation8 ,vegetable physiology seems to indicate a simil> necessity 9 t dep>tm5t4 ,! /am5s & pi/ils ( fl[]s answ] ! diff]5t organs ( ! two sexes 9 animals4 ,! pi/il is connect$ ) ! ov>ies1 ! /am5s furni% ! poll5 t mu/ come 9 contact ) ! pi/il2 9 o!r words1 x mu/ be impregnat$ by ?is du/ f ! /am5s1 or no fruit w be produc$4 ,n[ if x be necess>y to *ange ! bre$1 or ess5tial t ! poll5 produc$ by ! /am5s ( "o fl[] %all f]tilize ! pi/il ( ano!r1 to prev5t b>r5ness1 :at %\ld we contrive bett] ?an ! arrangem5t already made by ,him :o knew ! necessity & plann$ x accord+ly8 ,& x works s admirably1 t we c h>dly avoid ! conclusion t bees 7 int5d$ = ?is important purpose6 ,x is ?us plann$6 ,_! wants & _! food %all consi/ ( honey & poll52 ea* fl[] secretes b little1 j en\gh to attract ! bee2 no?+ l a full load is obta9$ f "o2 7 x ?us1 ! end 9 view w\ld n be answ]$2 b a hundr$ or m fl[]s are (t5 visit$ 9 "o excursion2 ! poll5 obta9$ f ! fir/ may f]tilize _m1 previ\s to ! bees' return+ to ! hive2 ?us a field ( buck:eat may be kept 9 heal? & vigor 9 its future productions4 ,a field ( :eat produces long sl5d] /alks t yield to ! influ5ce ( ! breeze1 & "o e> is made to be/[ its poll5 on a neighbor+ e> sev]al feet di/ant1 !reby effect+ j :at bees d = buck:eat4 ,corn1 f its mann] ( gr[?1 ! upright /alk be>+ ! /am5s "s feet above ! pi/ils1 on ! e>s bel[1 seems to ne$ no ag5cy ( bees2 ! sup]abundant poll5 f ! tassel is waft$ by ! w9ds rods f ! produc+ /alk1 & !re does its (fice ( f]tiliz+ a di/ant e>1 z is prov$ by diff]5t v>ieties mix+ at "s di/ance4 ,b h[ is x ) our v9es trail+ on ! e>?1 a "p ( ^! fl[]s produc+ /am5s1 ! o!r only pi/ils8 ,n[ x is absolutely ess5tial t poll5 f ! /am9ate fl[]s %all be introduc$ into ! pi/illate to produce fruit2 because if a failure occurs 9 ?is matt] ! g]m w )] & die4 ,"h we h ! ag5t ready = our purpose2 ^! fl[]s are visit$ by ! bee promiscu\sly2 no poll5 7z 0 said7 is knead$ into pellets1 7p>ticul>ly t f pumpk9s17 b x adh]es to e "p ( _! body1 r5d]+ x next to impossible = a bee ?us cov]$ ) du/ to ent] ! pi/illat$ fl[] )\t fulfill+ ! important duty design$1 & leave a portion ( ! f]tiliz+ du/ 9 its prop] place4 ,h5ce x is reasonably inf]r$ by _m1 t if x 0 n = ?is ag5t among our v9es1 ! unc]ta9ty ( a crop f non-f]tilization w\ld r5d] ! cultivation ( !m a useless task4 ,:5 ! aphis is locat$ on ! /alk or leaf ( a plant x is furni%$ ) means to pi]ce ! surface & extract ! juices ess5tial to ! =mation ( ! plant1 !reby prev5t+ vigor\s gr[? & a full developm5t4 ,?is idea is too apt to be associat$ ) ! bee :5 %e visits ! fl[]1 z if %e 0 arm$ ) a spe>1 to pi]ce b>k or /em & rob x ( its n\ri%m5t4 ,h] real /ructure is lo/ sight (1 or p]haps nev] kn[n2 h] sl5d] bru%-l tongue fold$ closely "u h] neck1 & seldom se5 except :5 9 use1 is n fitt$ to pi]ce ! mo/ delicate sub/ance2 all t x c be us$ = is to sweep or lick up ! nect> z x exudes f ! pores ( ! fl[]1 secret$1 x w\ld seem1 = no o!r purpose b to attract h]--:ile !re %e obta9s no?+ b :at nature has provid$ = h] & giv5 h] ! means ( obta9+1 & ! mo/ delicate petal receives no injury4 ,dur+ an excursion ! bee seldom visits m ?an a s+le species ( fl[]2 7 x o!rwise1 & all k9ds ( fl[]s 7 visit$ promiscu\sly1 by f]tiliz+ "o species ) ! poll5 f ano!r1 ! vegetable k+dom w\ld be v likely to get into confusion4 ,writ]s1 :5 notic+ ! peculi>ity ( in/9ct gov]n+ ! bee "h1 _c be cont5t always1 b mu/ add o!r m>vels4 ,!y foll[ ?is trait into ! hive1 & make h] /ore e k9d by itself !re4 ,relative to honey x is n an easy matt] to be positive2 b poll5 is ( a v>iety ( colors1 g5]ally yell[1 yet sometimes pale-gre51 & r$di% or d>k-br[n4 ,n[ ,i ?9k a little pati5t inspection w\ld h satisfi$ any "o t two k9ds are sometimes pack$ 9 "o cell1 & prev5t$ ! ass]tion to ! contr>y4 ,i w admit t two colors are seldom f\nd pack$ toge!r1 b sometimes w be4 ,i h ?us f\nd x1 & x has entirely ru9$ t !ory = me4 ,a ,,te/ ,,= ,,! ,,pres5ce ,,( ,,que5 ,,d\bt$4 ,x is fur!r ass]t$ t if a hive loses its que5 no poll5 is collect$4 ,also1 t su* quantities are sometimes collect$1 & fill s _m cells1 t too little room is left = brood1 & ! /ock rapidly dw9dles away 9 consequ5ce4 ,! fir/ ( ^! ass]tions has be5 giv5 z a te/ to decide :e!r ! hive conta9s a que5 or n4 ,n[ my bees h su* a habit ( do+ ?+s wrong t ! above is no te/ :atev]4 ,x is made to appe> v well 9 !ory1 b wants ! tru? 9 practice4 ,i w say :at ,i h kn[n on ?is po9t1 & p]haps cle> up ! difficulty ( a /ock conta9+ an unusual quantity ( bee-bread ) ! honey1 & in/ead ( be+ ! cause ( its hav+ b few bees1 x is ! effect4 ,/ocks & sometimes sw>ms lose _! que5 9 ! sw>m+ season1 7! p>ticul>s w be giv5 9 ano!r place17 :51 in/ead ( rema9+ idle1 ! usual quantity ( bo? poll5 & honey is collect$ 7unless ! family is v small74 ,!re be+ no l>vae to consume ! bread1 ! consequ5ce is1 m ?an half ! bre$+ cells w conta9 x2 !y w be pack$ ab\t two-?irds full1 & f9i%$ out ) honey4 ,i h kn[n a l>ge family left "u su* circum/ances1 & ab\t all ! cells 9 ! hive w\ld be occupi$4 ,:]eas1 9 a /ock conta9+ a que5 & re>+ brood1 a portion ( ! combs w be us$ = ?is purpose until ! fl[]s fail1 & !n su* comb w be f\nd empty4 ,,an ,,extra ,,quantity ,,( ,,poll5 ,,n ,,always ,,detrim5tal4 ,to te/ :e!r ?is extra quantity ( bee-bread 0 s v detrim5tal1 ,i h introduc$ into su* hive 9 ! fall a family ) a que5 & w9t]$ !m 9 x1 & wat*$ _! prosp]ity ano!r ye>1 & nev] f\nd !m less pr(itable on t acc\nt4 ,i am s well satisfi$ ( ?is1 t :5ev] ,i n[ h a hive 9 su* a situation1 x is a rule to introduce a sw>m4 ,x is calculat$1 ,i believe1 g5]ally1 t :5 m$ium-siz$ hives are full1 ab\t sev5-eigh?s ( ! cells are made ! prop] diamet] = rais+ ! work]s1 ! rema9d] = drones1 except a few = que5s4 ,"h is "o circum/ance ,i d n rememb] to h se5 m5tion$1 & t is1 bee-bread is g5]ally pack$ exclusively 9 ! work] cells4 ,i w\ld say always2 b ,i w\ld d bett] to be c>eful1 especially z ,i f9d my bees do+ ?+s s diff]5tly f "s o!rs4 ,i might z well rem>k "h1 t :5 tak+ combs f a hive fill$ ) honey1 if su* pieces 7 select$ z conta9$ only ! l>ge or drone cells1 b little risk ( bee-bread w\ld occur2 ( ! o!r combs1 ! outside %eets & ! corn]s ( ! o!rs ne> ! top are ! next be/4 ,! %eets ( comb us$ pr9cipally = rais+ work]s1 & ! cells next ^? s us$1 = an in* or two 9 wid?1 are ne>ly all pack$ ) poll51 & mu* ( x w rema91 :5 ! bre$+ season is pa/4 ,small] portions are f\nd 9 ! work] cells 9 ne>ly all p>ts ( ! hive2 ev5 ! boxes w sometimes conta9 a little4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,pack+ ,,/ores4 ,9 a glass hive1 ! bees may be se5 deposit+ _! load ( poll52 ! legs hold+ ! pellets are ?ru/ into ! cell1 7n _! heads71 & a motion l rubb+ !m toge!r is made = a half m9ute1 :5 !y are )drawn1 & ! two little loaves ( bread may be se5 at ! bottom4 ,?is bee appe>s to take no f>!r c>e ab\t !m1 b ano!r w soon come along1 & ent] ! cell head fir/1 & pack x close2 ?is cell is fill$ ab\t two-?irds ( its l5g? 9 ?is way1 & :5 seal$ ov] a little honey is us$ to fill x out4 ,,philosophy ,,9 ,,fill+ ,a ,,cell ,,) ,,honey4 ,to witness ! op]ation ( deposit+ honey1 a glass hive or box is requisite2 ! edges ( ! combs w be atta*$ to ! glass--:5 honey is abundant1 mo/ ( ^! cells next ! glass w conta9 "s4 ,n[ is ! "t to see ! op]ation1 glass =m+ "o side ( su* z are 9 contact1 c4 ,! bee may be se5 to ent] ! cell till x rea*es ! bottom2 ) its tongue1 ! fir/ p>ticle is deposit$1 & bru%$ into ! corn]s or angles1 c>efully exclud+ all ! air f beh9d x--z x is fill$1 t next ! sides ( ! cell is kept 9 advance ( ! c5tre4 ,! bee does n put its tongue 9 ! c5tre & p\r out its load !re1 b c>efully bru%es ! sides z x fills1 exclud+ e p>ticle ( air1 & keeps ! surface concave in/ead ( convex4 ,?is is j z a philosoph] w\ld say x %\ld be4 ,if x 0 fill$ at once & no c>e tak5 to atta* x to ! sides1 :y1 ! ext]nal air w\ld nev] keep x !re1 :i* x does effectually :5 ( ord9>y l5g?4 ,:5 ! cell is ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* deep !y (t5 comm5ce fill+ x1 & z x is l5g!n$ !y add to x1 keep+ x )9 an eigh? ( an in* ( ! end2 x is nev] q full till ne>ly seal$ ov]1 & (t5 n !n4 ,9 cells ( ! work] size1 ! seal+ seldom t\*es ! honey4 ,b 9 ! size = drones ! case is diff]5t2 ! honey on ! end t\*es ! seal+1 ab\t half ! diamet] on ! l[] side2 x is kept 9 ! same %ape :ile be+ fill$2 b be+ some:at l>g]1 ! atmosph]ic pressure is less effectual 9 keep+ ! honey 9 its place2 consequ5tly1 :5 !y comm5ce seal+ ^! cells !y beg9 on ! l[] side & f9i% at ! top4 ,,long ,,cells ,,sometimes ,,turn$ ,,upw>d4 ,:5 /or+ honey 9 boxes1 cells ( ?is size are usually mu* long]1 9 :i* case !y are crook$1 ! ends turn+ upw>d1 sometimes half an in* or m2 ?is1 ( c\rse1 w prev5t ! honey f runn+1 b if ! box is tak5 (f & turn$ ov] be=e su* cells are seal$1 !y are v sure to spill mo/ ( _! cont5ts4 ,! cells 9 ! bre$+ ap>tm5t1 ( ord9>y l5g?1 w hold ! honey well en\gh z long z horizontal2 b turn ! hive on its side1 & br+ ! op5 end d[nw>d1 9 hot wea!r1 or break out a piece & hold x 9 t position1 ! air w n su/a9 x 9 !m1 b w1 9 ! size suitable = work]s4 ,:5 ! hive is fully suppli$ ) bees & honey1 7unless de/itute ( a que517 ,i nev] exam9$ "o1 w9t] or summ]1 b x _h a numb] ( unseal$ cells conta9+ honey1 z well z poll52 x is s :5 !y h /or$ fifty p\nds 9 boxes1 ev5 :5 s cr[d$ = room z to /ore honey outside or "u ! bottom-bo>d2 ev] hav+ "s cells op5 = a ready supply4 ,"y sw>ms seem unwill+ to con/ruct combs fa/] ?an ne$$ = use2 x w\ld appe>1 at fir/ ?\ght1 to be a lack ( economy4 ,:5 no honey is to be obta9$ & no?+ to d1 !n x w\ld seem to be a f9e *ance = gett+ ready = a yield2 b ?is is n _! way ( do+ bus9ess2 :e!r !y _c sp>e ! honey already collect$ to elaborate ! wax1 or :e!r !y f9d x m difficult to keep ! worms f a l>ge quantity ( comb1 ,i %all n decide4 ,( ?is ,i am satisfi$1 t x is bett] arrang$ by _! in/9cts1 ?an we c\ld d x4 ,l>ge sw>ms1 :5 fir/ locat$1 if honey is abundant1 w ext5d _! combs f top to bottom 9 a little m ?an two weeks2 b su* hive is n yet full2 "s %eets ( comb may conta9 honey ?r\gh\t _! :ole l5g?1 & n a cell be seal$ ov]2 b1 h[ev]1 !y g5]ally f9d "t to f9i% up )9 a few in*es ( ! l[] end z !y proce$4 ,:5ev] unf9i%$ cells conta9 honey1 x w g5]ally be remov$ soon aft] ! fl[]s fail1 & us$ be=e t :i* is seal$2 & ! cells w rema9 empty till ano!r ye>4 ,,is ,a ,,dry ,,or ,,wet ,,season ,,be/ ,,= ,,honey8 ,! inquiry is (t5 made1 ,:at k9d ( season is be/ = bees1 wet or dry8 ,?is po9t ,i h wat*$ v closely1 & h f\nd t a m$ium betwe5 ! two extremes produces mo/ honey4 ,:5 f>m]s beg9 to express fe>s ( a dr\ght1 !n is ! "t 7if 9 ! season ( fl[]s7 t mo/ honey is obta9$2 b if dry wea!r passes ^! limits1 ! quantity is greatly dim9i%$4 ,( ! two extremes1 p]haps v wet is ! wor/4 ,,h[ ,,_m ,,/ocks ,,%\ld ,,be ,,kept4 ,:at numb] ( /ocks c !re be kept 9 "o place8 is ano!r "q (t5 ask$4 ,?is is l ,mr4 ,a4 ask+ f>m] ,b4 h[ _m cattle c\ld be pa/ur$ 9 a lot ( t5 acres4 ,f>m] ,b4 w\ld fir/ wi% to "k h[ mu* pa/ure said lot w\ld produce1 be=e he c\ld beg9 to answ]2 s9ce "o lot ( t size might produce t5 times z mu* z ! o!r4 ,s ) bees1 "o api>y ( two hundr$ /ocks might f9d honey 9 abundance = all1 & ano!r ( =ty might almo/ />ve4 ,l ! cattle1 x dep5ds on pa/ure4 ,,?ree ,,pr9cipal ,,s\rces ,,( ,,honey4 ,!re are ?ree pr9cipal s\rces ( honey1 viz43--clov]1 basswood1 & buck:eat4 ,b clov] is ! only univ]sal dep5dance2 z t is almo/ ev]y:]e1 to "s ext5t1 9 ! c\ntry4 ,buck:eat 9 "s places is ! ma9 s\rce2 9 o!rs1 basswood1 :i* is ( brief duration4 ,:]e all ?ree are abundant1 !re is ! true ,el ,dorado ( ! api>ian6 ,) pl5ty ( clov] & buck:eat1 x is ne>ly z well4 ,ev5 ) clov] alone1 enorm\s quantities ( honey are obta9$4 ,i h said :at 0 our dep5d5ce 9 ?is section4 ,i w fur!r say t )9 a circle ( ?ree or f\r miles1 !re are kept ab\t ?ree hundr$ /ocks4 ,i h _h = sev]al ye>s1 ?ree api>ies ab\t two miles ap>t1 av]ag+ 9 spr+ a little m ?an fifty 9 ea*4 ,:5 a good season = clov] occurs1 z _m m w\ld probably d equally well1 b 9 "s o!r seasons ,i h _h too _m2 on an av]age ne>ly "r4 ,:5 clov] furni%es too little honey = ! numb]1 buck:eat usually supplies m ?an is collect$4 ,( surplus honey1 ! proportion is ab\t fifte5 p\nds ( buck:eat to "o ( clov]4 ,i h n[ be5 speak+ ( l>ge api>ies4 ,!re c h>dly be a section ( c\ntry f\nd1 t man c procure 8 liv+1 b :at a few /ocks w\ld ?rive1 ev5 if !re 7 no dep5d5ce on ! s\rces j m5tion$4 ,!re w be "s honey-yield+ fl[]s 9 ne>ly all places4 ,! evil ( ov]-/ock+ is ( %ort duration1 & w "w its own cure spe$ily4 ,"s judgm5t is requir$ "h z well z 9 o!r matt]s4 ,ano!r "q ( "s int]e/1 is ! di/ance t a bee w travel 9 se>* ( honey 9 fl[]s--x is evid5t t x w be f>!r ?an !y w g to plund] a /ock4 ,i h he>d ( _! be+ f\nd sev5 miles f home4 ,x 0 said !y asc]ta9$1 by spr9kl+ fl\r on !m z !y left ! hive 9 ! morn+1 & !n saw ! same bees t di/ance away4 ,:5 we consid] ! *ances ( f9d+ a bee ev5 "o mile f ! hive ?us m>k$1 x appe>s l a poor look2 & !n poll5 ! color ( fl\r might deceive u4 ,x is difficult to prove t bees g ev5 two miles4 ,let u say we guess at x1 = ! pres5t4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,wax4 ,! c>eless1 unreflect+ obs]v]1 :5 see+ ! bees ent] ! hive ) a pellet ( poll5 on ea* ( _! po/]ior legs1 is v apt to conclude t x mu/ be mat]ial = comb1 z x appe>s unlike honey4 ,s little reg>d is paid to ! matt] by _m p1 t !y are unable to imag9e any o!r use = x4 ,o!rs suppose t x w *ange f t to honey1 aft] be+ /or$ a "t 9 ! hive1 & wond] at ! curi\s ph5om5on2 b :5 ask$ h[ long a "t mu/ elapse be=e x takes place1 !y _c tell exactly1 b !y h f\nd cells :]e x began to *ange1 z a portion ne> ! out] end ( ! cell _h become honey1 & no d\bt ! rema9d] w\ld 9 "t4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t cells 7 only fill$ ab\t two-?irds full ( ?is1 & f9i%$ ) honey2 n[ :5 any "o f9ds a cell fill$ to ! brim ) poll51 & no honey1 su* reason+ w apply bett]4 ,if ?is 0 ! case1 by exam9+ at diff]5t p]iods ?r\gh ! summ]1 we c]ta9ly %\ld f9d "s cells be=e ! *ange _h comm5c$1 in/ead ( _! always be+ 9 j ?is /age ( transition4 ,,is ,,poll5 ,,conv]t$ ,,into ,,wax8 ,z = poll5 be+ conv]t$ into wax or comb1 a simple "q w %[ its fallacy4 ,d n ! bees belong+ to a hive t is full ( combs1 & no m wax = t purpose ne$$1 br+ home z mu* & (t5 m poll5 ?an "o half full8 ,any p]son :o has wat*$ two su* hives five m9utes :5 busily engag$ at "w1 c answ]4 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t poll5 is = some?+ else besides wax4 ,,h[ ,,is ,,x ,,obta9$8 ,! inquiry is n[ made1 ,:]e d !y get x f1 if n f poll58 ,i might ) propriety answ]1 !y don't get x at all4 ,/op1 !re1 if y please2 if y expect u to cr$it y1 y mu/ n give u too mu* absurdity4 ,well1 let me ask a "q4 ,d cattle :5 graz+ actually obta9 fle%1 bone1 c41 or only ! mat]ials f :i* ^! p>ts are secret$8 ,z to ! production ( wax1 ,i believe all close obs]v]s 7t ,i h f\nd7 agree t x is a secretion natural only to ! bee4 ,) ! ox1 fruit1 gra91 or grass may be conv]t$ into tall[2 ) ! bee1 honey & syrup made ( sug> may be conv]t$ into wax4 ,^! are probably ! only two sub/ances yet discov]$ f :i* !y extract x4 ,"s writ]s h pret5d$ t poll5 is also us$1 b !y h fail$ to prove t ! old bees consume x at any "t2 :i* !y mu/ 9 ?is case if x is conv]t$ into wax4 ,f exp]im5ts relat$ by ,hub]1 ei!r ( ^! sub/ances1 mix$ ) a little wat]1 is all suffici5t = its production4 ,f exp]im5ts ( my own1 ,i am satisfi$ t he is correct4 ,! exp]im5t is tri$ by %utt+ up a sw>m :5 fir/ hiv$2 fe$+ !m ) honey--a few ( ! bees w probably h "s poll51 ?\gh n en\gh to make a comb ?ree in*es squ>e1 yet x is some?+--& to be c]ta91 "t mu/ be giv5 !m to exhau/ x4 ,9 ?ree or f\r days take out ! bees & remove ! combs2 inclose !m aga91 & fe$ ) honey z be=e4 ,repeat ! process1 until satisfi$ t no poll5 is ne$$ 9 ! composition ( wax4 ,hub] remov$ ! combs five times1 ) ! same result at e trial4 ,:5ev] bees are conf9$ 9 hot wea!r1 air & wat] are absolutely necess>y4 ,we w n[ describe ! fir/ appe>ance ( wax1 & h[ x is produc$4 ,:5 a sw>m ( bees is ab\t leav+ ! p>5t /ock1 ?ree-f\r?s or m ( !m w fill _! sacks ) honey4 ,:5 locat$ 9 _! new home1 ( c\rse no cells exi/ to hold x2 x mu/ rema9 9 ! /oma* or sack = sev]al h\rs4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t ?9 :ite scales ( wax ! sixte5? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 some:at circul>1 are =m$ betwe5 ! r+s ( ! abdom51 "u side4 ,) ! claws ( "o ( _! h9d legs "o ( ^! is deta*$ & convey$ to ! m\?1 & !re p9*$ ) _! =ceps or tee?1 until "o edge is work$ some:at r\gh2 x is !n appli$ to ! comb be+ con/ruct$1 or to ! ro( ( ! hive4 ,! fir/ rudim5ts ( comb are (t5 appli$ )9 ! fir/ half h\r aft] ! sw>m is hiv$4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( insects be=e notic$1 is a m9ute acc\nt ( ! fir/ f\ndation ( combs1 some:at amus+1 if n in/ructive4 ,,hub]',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,a ,,comm5cem5t ,,( ,,comb4 ,hub]1 x is said1 hav+ provid$ a hive ) honey & wat]1 x 0 resort$ to 9 cr[ds by bees1 :o1 hav+ satisfi$ _! appetite1 return$ to ! hive4 ,!y =m$ fe/oons1 rema9$ motionless = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & aft] a "t scales ( wax appe>$4 ,an adequate supply ( wax = ! con/ruction ( a comb hav+ be5 elaborat$1 "o ( !m dis5gag$ itself f ! c5tre ( ! gr\p1 & cle>+ a space ab\t an in* 9 diamet]1 at ! top ( ! hive1 appli$ ! p9c]s ( "o ( its legs to its side1 deta*$ a scale ( wax1 & imm$iately began to m9ce x ) ! tongue4 ,dur+ ! op]ation1 ?is organ 0 made to assume e v>iety ( %ape2 sometimes x appe>$ l a tr[el1 !n flatt5$ l a spatula1 & at o!r times l a p5cil1 end+ 9 a po9t4 ,! scale1 moi/5$ ) a fro?y liquid1 became glut9\s1 & 0 drawn out l a rib&4 ,?is bee !n atta*$ all ! wax x c\ld concoct to ! vault ( ! hive1 & w5t its way4 ,a second n[ succe$$1 & did ! l2 a ?ird foll[$1 b ow+ to "s blund] did n put ! wax 9 ! same l9e ) its pr$ecessor2 ^u :i* ano!r bee1 app>5tly s5sible ( ! defect1 remov$ ! displac$ wax1 & c>ry+ x to ! =m] heap1 deposit$ x !re1 exactly 9 ! ord] & direction po9t$ out4 ,n[ ,i h "s objections to make to ?is acc\nt4 ,fir/1 9 ! usual c\rse ( sw>m+1 x is unnecess>y to provide ! honey & wat]1 z !y come lad5 ) honey f ! p>5t /ock4 ,next1 to =m fe/oons & rema9 motionless tw5ty-f\r h\rs to concoct ! wax1 is n ! way !y g5]ally manage affairs4 ,!y ei!r swall[ ! honey be=e leav+ home long en\gh to h ! wax ready1 or less "t ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs is ne$$ to produce x4 ,i h frequ5tly f\nd lumps1 half ! size ( a p9's head1 atta*$ to ! bran* ( a tree :]e !y _h clu/]$1 :5 !y _h n be5 !re ov] tw5ty-five m9utes4 ,i h _h occasion a few times to *ange ! sw>m to ano!r t5em5t1 an h\r or two aft] be+ hiv$1 & f\nd places on ! top ne>ly cov]$ ) wax4 ,h[ x 0 manag$ to see a bee quit ! gr\p1 is m ?an ,i c compreh5d2 & !n ! tongue to be ! only in/rum5t us$ to m\ld ! scale ( wax1 is ano!r difficulty2 to witness ! :ole process m9utely 9 ?is /age ( comb-mak+ has nev] be5 my good =tune1 & ,i am sometimes incl9$ to d\bt ! success ( o!rs4 ,i h _h glass hives1 & put sw>ms 9 !m1 & always f\nd ! fir/ rudim5ts ( comb s entirely cov]$ ) bees z to prev5t my see+ any?+4 ,,be/ ,,"t ,,to ,,witness ,,comb-,,mak+4 ,! only "t :5 ,i h witness$ ! process ) any degree ( satisfaction is :5 ! combs approa* ! glass1 & b few bees 9 ! way2 !n1 by wat*+ pati5tly a few m9utes1 "s "p ( ! process may be se54 ,,mann] ,,( ,,work+ ,,wax4 ,transf]r+ ! sw>ms to diff]5t hives f "o to =ty-eight h\rs aft] be+ hiv$1 w %[ _! progress4 ,i h f\nd t wax is atta*$ to ! top ( ! hive at fir/ promiscu\sly1 t is1 )\t ! lea/ ord]1 until "s ( ! blocks or lumps are suffici5tly advanc$ = !m to beg9 cells4 ,! scales ( wax are weld$ on ! edge q ?ick1 )\t reg>d to ! %ape ( ! cell1 !n an excavation is made on "o side = ! bottom ( a cell1 & two o!rs on ! opposite side2 ! division betwe5 !m exactly opposite ! c5tre ( ! fir/4 ,:5 ?is piece is an in* or two 9 l5g?1 two o!r pieces at equal di/ances on ea* side are comm5c$4 ,if ! sw>m is l>ge1 & honey abundant1 x is common = two pieces ( comb to be />t$ at "o "t on diff]5t p>ts ( ! top2 ! %eets 9 ! two places are (t5 at "r angles1 or any o!r way1 j z *ance happ5s to give direction4 ,! little lumps t are plac$ at r&om at fir/ are all remov$ z !y advance4 ,:ile ! combs are 9 progress1 ! edges are always kept mu* ! ?icke/1 & ! base ( ! cell is work$ d[n to ! prop] ?ickness ) _! tee?1 & poli%$ smoo? z glass4 ,! ends ( ! cell also1 z !y l5g!n !m1 w always be f\nd mu* ?ick] ?an any o!r "p ( x :5 f9i%$4 ,:5 two combs approa* ea* o!r 9 ! middle ( ! hive at ne>ly "r angles1 an edge ( comb is left !re2 b :5 an obtuse angle1 ! edges are g5]ally jo9$1 mak+ a %eet ( crook$ comb4 ,x is evid5t :]e ! two combs jo91 !re mu/ be "s irregul> cells unfit = re>+ brood4 ,,crook$ ,,combs ,a ,,disadvantage4 ,^! few irregul> cells h be5 consid]$ a great disadvantage4 ,x is ?\ght1 or pret5d$1 t !re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! prosp]ity ( a /ock ) /raight combs & "o ) crook$ ones4 ,to avoid !m1 or cause ! bees to make !m all /raight1 has giv5 rise to mu* contrivance1 z if a few su* cells c\ld effect mu*4 ,suppose !re 7 a doz5 %eets ( comb 9 a hive1 & ea* "o _h a r[ or m ( su* irregul> cells f top to bottom1 :at proportion w\ld !y hold to ^? t 7 p]fect8 ,p]haps n "o 9 a ?\s&4 ,h5ce we inf] t 9 a hive ( ! prop] size1 ! diff]5ce 9 am\nt ( brood nev] c\ld be p]ceiv$4 ,?is is ! only diff]5ce x c make1 because su* cells c be us$ = /or+ honey z well z o!rs4 ,b sometimes !re w be corn]s & spaces n wide en\gh = two combs1 & too wide = "o ( ! prop] ?ickness = bre$+4 ,z bees use all _! room economically1 & g5]ally at ! be/ advantage1 a ?ick comb w be ! result4 ,x is said !y nev] use su* ?ick combs = bre$+4 ,h[ are ! facts8 ,i h j su* a space 9 a glass hive2 "o comb two in*es ?ick4 ,h[ is x manag$8 ,t[>ds fall ?is %eet is fill$ ) honey2 ! cells outside are l5g!n$ until !re is j room = a bee to pass betwe5 !m & ! glass1 :5 !y are seal$ ov]4 ,9 spr+ ^! long cells are all cut d[n 7except at ! top & upp] corn]s7 to ! prop] l5g? = bre$+1 & us$ = ?is purpose4 ,?is has be5 done = five ye>s 9 succession4 ,i w grant t !re is a little wa/e room 9 su* spaces1 = "p ( ! ye>4 ,x am\nts to b little1 z x is only outside4 ,!y are necessitat$ to make su* combs1 because ! inside combs1 if built 9 a bre$+ ap>tm5t1 h[ev] crook$ "o may be1 ! next "o w g5]ally mat* x1 ! "r di/ance f x4 ,b :5 !y are built expressly = /or+ honey1 9 su* z are made 9 boxes1 ! "r di/ance is n s well pres]v$2 h5ce x is n recomm5d$ to compel bees to use su* /or+ ap>tm5t = bre$+4 ,b suppose we %\ld compel a sw>m to labor "u ^! disadvantages1 ,i %\ld n appreh5d su* disa/r\s results1 7provid+ !y h a prop] proportion ( work] cells17 z no sw>ms1 or ev5 no surplus honey1 z has be5 repres5t$4 ,imag9e a hive fill$ ) combs t are all too ?ick1 & room wa/$ :5 cut d[n1 to ! am\nt ( "o-f\r? ( all t is 9 ! hive4 ,n[ "h are combs en\gh left to mature ?ree-f\r?s z _m bees z 9 an ord9>y hive1 :]e all are "r4 ,we c n[ suppose a good sw>m w br+ home ! same am\nt ( honey z ?\gh x belong$ to o!r hives2 only ?ree-f\r?s z mu* c be f$ to ! brood1 & /or$ 9 ! hive2 & ! result ought to be1 t we get a qu>t] m surplus honey 9 boxes4 ,ev5 if we get no sw>m1 ,i _c see h[ our surplus honey c be less1 z 9 ?is case !re w\ld be m bees at all times ?an 9 a hive t _h be5 r$uc$ by sw>m+4 ,does exp]i5ce sub/antiate ! !ory t /ocks ) crook$ combs are z pr(itable z :5 !y are /raight8 ,:5 combs are built expressly = bre$+1 ,i c\ld nev] discov] any diff]5ce4 ,any p]son c easily te/ x by a little obs]vation2 n by tak+ a solit>y in/ance ( only "o hive1 because "s o!r cause might produce ! result4 ,take a half-doz5 at lea/ ) /raight combs1 & z _m ) !m crook$2 h !m all alike 9 o!r respects1 & c>efully wat* ! result4 ,i ?9k y w h b little int]e/ :i* way ! combs are made1 provid+ !y are made1 z f> z pr(it is conc]n$4 ,x is true1 x w\ld gratify ord] to h !m all /raight1 & if x 0 n att5d$ ) m tr\ble ?an ! result w\ld pay =1 x w\ld be well to h !m s4 ,9 ord9>y circum/ances1 :5 a sw>m is fir/ hiv$1 !y set ab\t comb-mak+ imm$iately2 yet sometimes !y w rema9 two days1 & n make a p>ticle4 ,i h kn[n !m to sw>m out & clu/] 9 ! usual way1 & :5 rehiv$1 comm5ce at once4 ,?is seems to prove t !y c reta9 ! wax1 or prev5t secret+ x1 till want$4 ,?is seldom occurs4 ,,unc]ta9ty ,,9 ,,weight ,,( ,,bees4 ,a l>ge sw>m w probably c>ry ) !m "s five or six p\nds ( honey f ! p>5t /ock4 ,i only guess at ?is1 because ,i am unc]ta9 :at ! bees weigh exactly4 ,i c tell y1 "s "o exclaims1 ,i saw "s weigh$1--s _m weigh j eight ounces4 ,are y sure !re 0 no?+ b bees weigh$8 ,0 !re no honey1 bee-bread1 faeces1 or o!r sub/ance1 t might deceive y8 ,c't say2 ,i nev] ?\ght ( t6 ,n[ x is important1 if we weigh bees to "k _! weight1 to be sure we weigh no?+ else4 ,x is evid5t1 t if five ?\s& weigh ?ree p\nds1 :5 no?+ is 9 _! sacks1 !y w\ld weigh1 :5 fill$ ) honey1 sev]al p\nds m4 ,h5ce1 ! fallacy ( judg+ ( ! size ( a sw>m by weight1 z "o sw>m might issue ) half ! honey ( ano!r4 ,p]haps eight p\nds1 = l>ge sw>ms1 might be an av]age = bees & honey4 ,?is honey1 :atev] x am\nts to1 _c be /or$ till combs are con/ruct$ to hold x4 ,?is pr9ciple holds good till ! hive is full4 ,t is1 :5ev] !y h m honey ?an ! combs w hold1 if !re is room 9 ! hive1 !y con/ruct m4 ,b !y seem to g no f>!r ?an ?is 9 comb-mak+4 ,h[ev] l>ge ! sw>m may be1 ?is compulsion appe>s necess>y to fill ! hive4 ,drone-cells are seldom made 9 ! top ( ! hive1 b a "p are g5]ally jo9$ on ! work]-cells1 a little di/ance f ! top2 o!rs ne> ! bottom4 ,!re seems to be no rule ab\t ! numb] ( su* cells4 ,"s hives w conta9 twice ! numb] ( o!rs4 ,x may dep5d on ! yield ( honey at ! "t2 :5 v pl5ty1 m drone-cells1 c4 ,if ! hive be v l>ge1 no d\bt an unpr(itable numb] w\ld be con/ruct$4 ,:]e ! l>ge & small cells jo91 !re w be "s cells ( irregul> %ape2 "s ) f\r or five angles2 ! di/ance f "o angle to ! o!r is also v>i$4 ,ev5 :]e two combs ( cells ! same size jo91 mak+ a /raight comb1 !y are n always p]fect4 ,,"s ,,wax ,,wa/$4 ,:5 con/ruct+ comb1 !y are con/antly wa/+ wax1 ei!r accid5tally or volunt>ily4 ,! next morn+ aft] a sw>m is locat$1 ! scales may be f\nd1 & w cont9ue to increase z long z !y are work+ x2 ! quantity (t5 am\nts to a h&ful or m4 ,x is ! be/ te/ ( comb-mak+ t ,i c give4 ,clean (f ! bo>d & look ! next morn+1 y w f9d ! scales 9 proportion to _! progress4 ,"s w be ne>ly r\nd z at fir/2 o!rs m or less work$ up1 & a "p w be l f9e saw-du/4 ,hub] & "s o!rs h divid$ ! work+ bees into diff]5t classes1 d5om9at+ "s wax-work]s1 o!rs nurses1 & poll5 ga!r]s1 c4 ,x may be p>tially true1 b h[ x 0 f\nd out is ! my/]y4 ,! angles 9 ! cells us$ = brood1 are gradually fill$1 & aft] a "t become r\nd1 bo? at ! ends & sides4 ,,wat] ,,necess>y ,,to ,,comb-,,mak+4 ,:5ev] bees are engag$ mak+ comb1 a supply ( wat] is absolutely necess>y4 ,"s ?9k x requisite 9 re>+ brood4 ,x may be ne$$ = t1 or x may be requir$ = bo? purposes2 b yet ,i h d\bts if a p>ticle is giv5 to ! "y bee1 besides :at ! honey conta9s4 ,june1 & fir/ "p ( ,july1 & mo/ "p ( ,augu/ 7! season ( buck:eat17 are p]iods ( ext5sive comb-mak+2 !y !n use mo/ wat]2 bre$+ is c>ri$ on f ,m>* till ,octob]1 & z ext5sively 9 ,may1 p]haps m s1 ?an 9 ,augu/1 yet n a t5? "p ( ! wat] is us$ 9 ,may4 ,i h kn[n /ocks repeat$ly to mature brood f ! egg to ! p]fect bee1 :5 %ut 9 a d>k room = mon?s1 :5 x 0 impossible to obta9 a drop2 also /ocks t /& 9 ! cold1 7if good17 w mature "s brood :e!r ! bees c leave ! hive or n4 ,^! facts prove t "s are re>$ )\t wat]4 ,z !y get suffici5t honey to require m comb to /ore x1 !y w at ! same "t h a brood2 & x is easy to guess !y ne$ x = brood z comb1 )\t a little inve/igation4 ,?is mu* is c]ta91 t !y use wat] at su* times = "s purpose1 & :5 no pond1 brook1 spr+1 or o!r s\rce is )9 conv5i5t di/ance1 ! api>ian w\ld f9d x economy to place "s )9 _! rea*1 z x w\ld save mu* valuable "t1 if !y w\ld o!rwise h to g a great di/ance1 :5 !y might be m pr(itably employ$2 x always happ5s 9 a season ( honey4 ,x %\ld be s situat$ t ! bees may obta9 x )\t jeop>diz+ _! lives2--a b>rel or pail has sides s /eep t a great _m w slip (f & dr[n4 ,a tr\gh made v %all[1 ) a good broad /rip ar\nd ! edge to af=d an alight+ place1 %\ld be provid$4 ,! middle %\ld conta9 a float1 or a h&ful ( %av+s spread 9 ! wat] ) a few small /ones laid on !m to prev5t _! be+ bl[n away :5 ! wat] is out1 is v conv5i5t4 ,a t9 di% an in* or s 9 dep?1 w d v well4 ,! quantity ne$$ may be asc]ta9$ by :at is us$--only give !m en\gh1 & *ange x daily4 ,i h no tr\ble ( ?is k9d1 z !re is a /ream ( wat] )9 a few rods ( ! hives2 b ,i h an opportunity to witness some?+ ( ! numb] engag$ 9 c>ry+ x4 ,?\s&s may be se5 79 ,june & ,augu/7 fill+ _! sacks1 :ile a cont9ual /ream is on ! w+1 go+ & return+4 ,,rem>ks4 ,! exact & uni=m size ( _! cells is p]haps z great a my/]y z any?+ p]ta9+ to !m2 yet1 we f9d ! second wond] be=e we are done ) ! fir/4 ,9 build+ comb1 !y h no squ>e or compass z a guide2 no ma/] me*anic takes ! lead1 measur+ & m>k+ = ! workm52 ea* individual among !m is a f9i%$ me*anic6 ,no "t is lo/ z an appr5tice1 no s]vice giv5 9 return = in/ruction6 ,ea* is accompli%$ f bir?6 ,all are alike2 :at "o beg9s1 a doz5 may help to f9i%6 ,a specim5 ( _! "w %[s itself to be f ! h&s ( ma/] workm51 & may be tak5 z a model ( p]fection6 ,he1 :o arrang$ ! univ]se1 0 _! in/ructor4 ,yes1 a pr(\nd geometrician plann$ ! fir/ cell1 & kn[+ :at w\ld be _! wants1 implant$ 9 ! s5sorium ( ! fir/ bee1 all ?+s p]ta9+ to _! welf>e2 ! impress !n giv51 is yet reta9$ unimpair$6 ,!y ne$ no lectures on dome/ic economy to tell !m1 by us+ ! base ( "o set ( cells on "o side ( _! combs1 = ! base ( ^? on ! opposite1 w save bo? labor & wax2 no ma!matician t a pyramidal base1 j ?ree angles1 ) j su* an incl9ation1 w be ! exact %ape ne$$1 & consume mu* less wax ?an r\nd or squ>e--t ! base ( "o cell ( ?ree angles1 w\ld =m a "p ( ! base ( ?ree o!r cells on ! opposite side ( ! comb--t ea* ( ! six sides ( "o cell =ms "o side ( six o!rs ar\nd x--t ^! angles & ^! only w\ld answ] _! ends4 ,! bees appe>1 says ,reaum]1 to h a problem to solve1 :i* w\ld puzzle _m a ma!matician4 ,a quantity ( matt] be+ giv51 x is requir$ to =m out ( x cells1 :i* %all be equal1 & simil>1 & ( a det]m9ate size1 b ! l>ge/ possible ) relation to ! quantity ( matt] employ$1 :ile !y %all occupy ! lea/ possible space6 ,h[ little does ! epicure he$1 :5 fea/+ on ! fruits ( _! indu/ry1 t ea* morsel ta/$ mu/ de/roy ! mo/ p]fect specim5s ( workman%ip6 t 9 a mom5t he c demoli% :at x has tak5 h\rs1 yes days1 p]haps weeks1 ( assidu\s toil & labor1 = ! bees to accompli%6 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,propolis4 ,,:at ,,us$ ,,=4 ,?is sub/ance is fir/ us$ to sold] up all ! cracks1 flaws1 & irregul>ities ab\t ! hive4 ,a coat is !n spread ov] ! inside ?r\gh\t2 :5 ! hive is full1 & _m bees clu/] outside1 ! latt] "p ( summ]1 a coat ( x is also spread !re4 ,an additional coat x seems is annually appli$1 z old hives w be coat$ ) a ?ickness proportionate to its age1 provid+ x has be5 occupi$ ) a /rong family4 ,hub] has said x 0 also us$ to /r5g!n ! cells :5 fir/ made1 by mix+ x ) ! wax4 ,if x 0 _! practice at t "t1 ! practice has be5 ab&on$ by our bees to a great ext5t4 ,i h made exam9ations :5 comb 0 fir/ made1 :5 x conta9$ eggs1 & :5 x conta9$ l>vae1 & h nev] be5 able to f9d any?+ o!r ?an pure wax compos+ x4 ,aft] a "y bee has matur$ 9 a cell1 ! coat+ or cocoon t x leaves is ( a d>k color1 some:at resembl+ x1 & may h giv5 rise to ! supposition4 ,h[ ! article is obta9$1 appe>s to be ! my/]y4 ,?is is a subject ab\t :i* api>ians h fail$ to agree4 ,a few cont5d t x is an elaborat$ sub/ance2 :ile o!rs ass]t x to be a res9\s gum1 exud+ f c]ta9 trees1 & collect$ by ! bees l poll54 ,x diff]s mat]ially f wax1 be+ m t5aci\s1 & :5 x gets a little age1 mu* h>d]4 ,,is ,,x ,,an ,,elaborate ,,or ,,natural ,,sub/ance8 ,no mod]n obs]v] has ev] be5 able to detect ! bees 9 ! act ( ga!r+ x4 ,,hub]',s ,,op9ion4 ,hub] tells u1 t ne> ! outlet ( "o ( 8 hives1 he plac$ "s ( ! bran*es ( ! popl>1 :i* exud$ a transp>5t juice1 ! color ( g>net4 ,sev]al work]s 7 soon se5 p]*$ ^u ^! bran*es1--hav+ deta*$ "s ( ?is res9\s gum1 !y =m$ x into pellets1 & deposit$ !m 9 ! baskets ( _! ?ighs2 ?us load$1 !y flew to ! hive1 :]e "s ( _! fell[-labor]s in/antly came to assi/ !m 9 deta*+ ?is viscid sub/ance f _! baskets4 ,"s ( our mod]n api>ians h d\bt$ ?is acc\nt ( ,hub]'s4 ,n[1 9 ! abs5ce ( any?+ positive on ?is subject1 ,i am incl9$ to adopt ?is !ory2 t x is a res9 or gum produc$ by trees4 7,i _c say t ,i am exactly satisfi$ ) ! /ory ( br++ ! bran*es & lay+ !m by ! hive1 c47 ,t bees ga!r x 9 its natural /ate1 is 9 accordance ) my own obs]vation4 ,,fur!r ,,pro(4 ,our fir/ sw>ms t issue 9 ,may1 or fir/ ( ,june1 seldom use mu* ( ! article pure = sold]+ & pla/]+2 b in/ead1 a composition1 ! mo/ ( :i* is wax4 ,i h notic$ at ?is season1 :5 old pieces ( bo>ds t _h be5 us$ = hives1 7 left 9 ! sun1 t ?is old propolis w\ld become s(t 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,"h ,i h frequ5tly se5 ! bees at "w1 pack+ x ^u _! legs2 x 0 deta*$ 9 small p>ticles1 & ! process ( pack+ 0 se5 di/9ctly1 z ! bee did n fly dur+ ! op]ation1 z 9 ! case ( pack+ poll54 ,x is ass]t$ t :5 bees ne$ x !y always h x1 indicat+ t !y c elaborate x l wax4 ,i c see no reason :y !y d n ne$ x 9 ,june z mu* z ,augu/2 yet1 9 ! latt] mon?1 !y use m ?an a hundr$ times ! quantity4 ,at ?is "t1 !y manife/ no disposition to ga!r any f ! old bo>ds1 c4 ,x w\ld seem !y pref] ! article new1 :i* !y n[ h 9 abundance4 ,boxes fill$ 9 ,june conta9 b v little1 sometimes none4 ,:y n1 if !y h en\gh ( x8 b :5 fill$ 9 ,augu/1 !y always h ! corn]s1 & sometimes ! top & sides1 l9$ ) a good coat4 ,cracks1 l>ge en\gh = bees to pass ?r\gh1 are sometimes completely fill$ ) x4 ,9 ?is season1 a little be=e sunset ( "s fair day1 ,i h frequ5tly se5 ! bees ent] ! hive ) :at ,i suppos$ to be ! pure article on _! legs1 l poll51 except ! surface1 :i* w\ld be smoo? & glossy2 ! color mu* light] ?an :5 x gets age4 ,i h also se5 !m ?r\gh ! glass inside1 :5 !y seem$ unable to dislodge x !mselves1 l poll51 & 7 cont9ually runn+ ar\nd among ^? engag$ 9 sold]+ & pla/]+2 :5 "o requir$ a little1 x seiz$ hold ( ! pellet ) its tee? or =ceps1 & deta*$ a portion4 ,! :ole lump w n cleave (f at once2 b firmly adh]es to ! leg2 f its t5acity1 p]haps a /r+ an in* long w be =m$ 9 sep>at+1 ! piece obta9$ is imm$iately appli$ to _! "w1 & ! bee is ready to supply ano!r ) a portion2 x d\btless gets rid ( its load 9 ?is way2 x is difficult to wat* x till x is fre$ f ! :ole1 z x is soon lo/ among its fell[s4 ,n[ if ?is sub/ance is n f\nd 9 its natural /ate1 h[ does x happ5 t !y pack x on _! legs j z !y d :5 gett+ x f a bo>d ( an old hive1 or poll51 :5 collect$8 ,!y nev] take ! tr\ble to pack ! wax !re1 :5 elaborat$4 ,d n ^! circum/ances /rongly favor ! idea ( its be+ a vegetable sub/ance8 ,p]haps ! reason ( its be+ collect$ at ?is season 9 great] abundance1 may be f\nd 9 ! fact1 t ! buds ( trees & %rubs are n[ g5]ally =m$4 ,_m k9ds are protect$ f ra9 & fro/1 by a k9d ( gum or res9\s coat+4 ,x may be f\nd 9 _m species ( ,populus1 p>ticul>ly ! balsam popl>1 7,populus ,balsamif]a7 & ! ,balm ( ,gilead1 7,populus ,c&icans74 ,by boil+ ! buds ( ^! trees1 an aromatic res9 or gum may be obta9$1 7us$ sometimes = mak+ salve27 ! odor is v simil> to t emitt$ by propolis1 :5 fir/ ga!r$ by ! bees1 or by heat+ x aft]w>ds4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( facts1 we are apt to sub/itute !ory4 ,?is appe>s to me to be v plausible4 ,yet ,i am ready to yield x z soon z facts decide diff]5tly4 ,p]haps n "o bee 9 a ?\s& is engag$ 9 collect+ ?is sub/ance--!re be+ s few may be "o reason :y !y are n (t5 detect$1 yet few z !y are1 a few ( u %\ld set ab\t close obs]vation2 some?+ c]ta9 might decide4 ,api>ian sci5ce is sadly neglect$2 a l>ge am\nt ( error is mix$ up ) tru?1 t pati5t1 scrut9iz+ inve/igation mu/ sep>ate4 ,,rem>ks4 ,i feel anxi\s to get to ! practical "p ( ?is "w1 :i* ,i hope w int]e/ "s read]s :o c>e b little ab\t ! natural hi/ory4 ,i %all beg9 ) spr+1 & w n[ endeavor to mix m ( ! practical ) x1 z we proce$ to ! end ( ! ye>4 ,9 ord] to illu/rate "s po9ts ( practice1 ,i may h occasion to repeat "s ?+s already m5tion$4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,api>y4 ,,its ,,location4 ,9 ! location ( ! api>y1 "o important consid]ation is1 t x is conv5i5t to wat* 9 ! sw>m+ season2 t ! bees may be se5 at any "t f a door or w9d[1 :5 a sw>m rises1 )\t ! tr\ble ( tak+ _m /eps to accompli% x2 because if mu* tr\ble is to be tak51 x is too (t5 neglect$4 ,also1 if possible1 ! hives %\ld /& :]e ! w9d w h b little effect1 especially f ! nor?we/4 ,if no hills or build+ (f] a protection1 a close1 high bo>d f5ce %\ld be put up = ! purpose4 ,x is economy to d x--bees en\gh may be sav$ to pay ! exp5se4 ,dur+ ! fir/ spr+ mon?s1 ! /ocks conta9 few] bees ?an at any o!r season4 ,x is !n t a num]\s family is important1 = ! purpose ( creat+ animal heat to re> ! brood1 if = no?+ else4 ,"o bee is ( m consequ5ce n[ ?an a half doz5 9 midsumm]4 ,:5 ! hive /&s 9 a bleak place1 ! bees return+ ) heavy loads1 9 a high w9d1 are frequ5tly unable to /rike ! hive1 & are bl[n to ! gr\nd2 become *ill$1 & die4 ,a *illy s\? w9d is equally fatal1 b n s frequ5t4 ,:5 protect$ f w9ds1 ! hives may front any po9t y *oose2 ea/ or s\? is g5]ally pref]r$4 ,a location ne> ponds1 lakes1 l>ge riv]s1 c41 w be att5d$ ) "s loss4 ,h>d w9ds w fatigue ! bees :5 on ! w+1 (t5 caus+ !m to alight 9 ! wat]2 :]e x is impossible to rise aga9 until waft$ a%ore1 & !n1 unless 9 v w>m wea!r1 !y are s *ill$ z to be pa/ ! ef=t4 ,i d n m5tion ?is to disc\rage any "o f keep+ !m1 :5 s situat$1 because "s few mu/ keep !m ?us or n at all4 ,i am s situat$ myself4 ,!re is a pond ( f\r acres1 "s twelve rods (f4 ,9 spr+1 dur+ high w9ds1 a great _m may be f\nd dr[n$1 & driv5 on %ore4 ,al?\gh we _c miss s few f a /ock1 x is nev]!less a loss z f> z x goes4 ,,decide ,,e>ly4 ,:atev] location is *os51 x %\ld be decid$ ^u z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z possible2 because1 :5 ! *ill+ w9ds ( w9t] h ceas$ = a day1 & ! sun1 unob/ruct$1 is s5d+ 8 fir/ w>m rays to a froz5 e>?1 ! bees t h be5 inactive = mon?s1 feel ! *e]+ influ5ce1 & come =? to enjoy ! balmy air4 ,z !y come f _! door1 !y pause a mom5t to rub _! eyes1 :i* h long be5 obscur$ 9 d>kness4 ,,bees ,,m>k ,,_! ,,location ,,on ,,leav+ ,,! ,,hive4 ,!y rise on ! w+1 b d n leave 9 a direct l9e1 b imm$iately turn _! heads t[>ds ! entrance ( _! t5em5t1 describ+ a circle ( only a few in*es at fir/1 b enl>ge z !y rec$e1 until an area ( sev]al rods h be5 view$ & m>k$4 ,,*ang+ ,,/& ,,att5d$ ,,) ,,loss4 ,aft] a few excursions1 :5 surr\nd+ objects h become famili>1 ?is precaution is n tak51 & !y leave 9 a direct l9e = _! de/9ation1 & return by _! way-m>ks )\t difficulty4 ,man ) 8 reason is guid$ on ! same pr9ciples4 ,!re are a great _m p :o suppose ! bee kn[s its hive by a k9d ( in/9ct1 or is attract$ t[>ds x1 l ! /eel to ! magnet4 ,at lea/1 !y act z if !y did2 z !y (t5 move _! bees a few rods1 or feet1 aft] ! location is ?us m>k$1 & :at is ! consequ5ce8 ,! /ocks are mat]ially injur$ by loss ( bees1 & sometimes entirely ru9$4 ,let u trace ! cause4 ,z ,i rem>k$1 ! bees h m>k$ ! location4 ,!y leave ! hive )\t any precaution1 z surr\nd+ objects are famili>4 ,!y return to _! old /& & f9d no home4 ,if !re is m ?an "o /ock1 & ! removal has be5 f f\r to tw5ty feet1 "s ( ! bees may f9d a hive1 b j z liable to ent] ! wrong "o z ! "r4 ,probably !y w\ld n g ov] tw5ty feet1 & v likely n t1 unless ! new situation 0 v conspicu\s4 ,if a p]son _h b "o /ock1 v likely ! loss w\ld be less1 z e bee f9d+ a hive1 w\ld be sure to be home1 & none kill$1 z is g5]ally ! case :5 a few ent] a /range hive4 ,,c ,,be ,,tak5 ,,"s ,,di/ance4 ,:5 bees are tak5 beyond _! k ( c\ntry1 "s two miles or m1 ! case seems to be some:at diff]5t1 b n always )\t loss1 especially if _m hives are set too close4 ,!y leave ! hive ( c\rse )\t kn[+ t ! situation has be5 *ang$2 p]haps get a few feet be=e /range objects w>n !m ( ! fact4 ,:5 !y return1 ! imm$iate vic9ity is /range1 & !y (t5 ent] _! neighbors' domicil4 ,,dang] ,,( ,,sett+ ,,/ocks ,,too ,,close4 ,a case 9 po9t occurr$ 9 ! spr+ ( '#di4 ,i sold ov] tw5ty /ocks to "o p]son4 ,he _h con/ruct$ a bee-h\se1 & 8 arrangem5t br\ght ! hives )9 f\r in*es ( ea* o!r4 ,! result 01 he entirely lo/ sev]al /ocks2 "s ( !m 7 ! be/2 o!rs 7 mat]ially injur$1 yet he _h a few made bett] by ! addition ( bees f o!r hives2 7sometimes a /ock w all[ /range bees to unite ) !m1 b x is seldom1 unless a l>ge numb] ent]s--x is safe/ to keep ea* family by itself1 "u ord9>y circum/ances74 ,^! /ocks1 be=e !y 7 mov$1 _h be5 collect+ poll51 & _h _! location well m>k$4 ,_h !y be5 plac$ six feet ap>t1 in/ead ( f\r in*es1 he probably w\ld n h lo/ any1 or ev5 two feet might h sav$ !m4 ,i h (t5 mov$ !m at ?is season1 & plac$ !m at ?ree feet di/ance1 & _h no bad results4 ,facts l ! =ego+1 satisfi$ me long s9ce t /ocks %\ld occupy _! situation = ! summ]1 z e>ly z possible 9 ! spr+1 at lea/ be=e !y m>k ! location2 or if !y mu/ be mov$ aft] t1 let x be no?+ %ort ( a mile & a half1 & pl5ty ( room betwe5 ! hives4 ,,space ,,betwe5 ,,hives4 ,z reg>ds ! di/ance betwe5 hives g5]ally1 ,i w\ld say let x be z great z conv5i5ce w all[4 ,want ( room makes x necess>y sometimes to set !m close2 :]e su* necessity exi/s1 if ! hives 7 dissimil> 9 color1 "s d>k1 o!rs light1 alt]nately1 x w\ld greatly assi/ ! bees 9 kn[+ _! own hive4 ,b x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 t :5ev] economy ( space dictates less ?an two feet1 !re are (t5 bees en\gh lo/ by ent]+ ! wrong hive1 :i*1 if sav$1 w\ld pay ! r5t ( a small addition to a g>d51 or bee-y>d4 ,i h sev]al o!r reasons to (f] = giv+ pl5ty ( room betwe5 hives1 :i* w be m5tion$ h]eaft]4 ,,small ,,matt]s4 ,! read] :o is accu/om$ to do+ ?+s on gigantic pr9ciples1 w consid] ?is long y>n ab\t sav+ a few bees 9 spr+1 a r small affair1 & s x is2 yet small matt]s mu/ be att5d$ to if we succe$2 a small leak w s9k a %ip4 ,a gra9 ( :eat is a small matt]2 'tis only 9 ! aggregate t its importance is manife/4 ,! bee is small1 ! load ( honey br\ght home by x is /ill less1 & ! quantity secret$ 9 ! nect>y ( ea* fl[]1 yet m m9ute4 ,! pati5t bee visits ea*1 & obta9s b a t9y morsel2 by p]sev]ance a load is obta9$1 & deposit$ 9 ! hive2 x is only by ! accumulation ( su* loads t we f9d an object wor?y our notice3 "h is a lesson2 look to little ?+s1 & ! mann] 9 :i* !y are multipli$1 & pres]v$4 ,x is mu* bett] to save our bees ?an wa/e !m1 & wait = o!rs to be rais$2 a p5ny sav$ is wor? two-p5ce e>n$4 ,if a /ock is lo/ by small means1 a correspond+ ef=t is only necess>y to save x4 ,?is trifl+ c>e is sometimes neglect$ ?r\gh indol5ce4 ,b ,i hope = bett] ?+s g5]ally2 ,i am will+ to believe x is ?or\gh ignorance1 n kn[+ :at k9d ( c>e is necess>y--h[1 :51 & :]e to be/[ x4 ,?is is :at n[ appe>s to be my duty to tell4 ,y w n[ suffici5tly und]/& ! cause ( loss on ?is po9t2 !re=e1 let x be a rule to h all ready 9 spr+1 be=e ! bees leave _! hives--! /&s1 bee-h\se1 etc41 & n *ange !m4 ,,economy4 ,if we keep bees = ornam5t1 x w\ld be well to build a bee-h\se1 pa9t ! hives1 c42 b z ,i expect ! majority ( read]s w be int]e/$ 9 ! pr(it ( ! ?+1 ,i w say t ! bees w n pay a c5t t[>ds extra exp5ses2 !y w n d a :it m labor 9 a pa9t$ h\se1 ?an if x 0 ?at*$ ) /raw4 ,:5 pr(it is ! only object1 economy w\ld dictate t labor %all be be/[$ only :]e !re w be a remun]ation4 ,,*eap ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,/&s4 ,s _m k9ds ( bee-h\ses & /&s h be5 recomm5d$--all s diff]5t f :at ,i pref]1 t ,i p]haps ought to feel "s hesitancy 9 (f]+ "o s *eap & simple2 b z pr(it is my object1 ,i %all (f] no o!r apology4 ,i h fifte5 ye>s' exp]i5ce to prove its efficacy1 & h no fe>s on ?is score 9 recomm5d+ x4 ,i make /&s 9 ?is way3 a bo>d ab\t fifte5 in*es wide is cut (f two feet long2 a piece ( *e/nut or o!r wood1 two in*es squ>e1 is nail$ on ea* end2 ?is raises ! bo>d j two in*es f ! e>?1 & w project 9 front ( ! hive "s t5 in*es1 mak+ x admirably conv5i5t = ! bees to alight be=e ent]+ ! hive1 7:5 ! grass & we$s are kept d[n1 :i* is b little tr\ble74 ,a sep>ate piece = ea* hive is bett] ?an to h sev]al on a b5* toge!r1 z !re c !n be no communication by bees runn+ to & fro4 ,also we are apt to give m room betwe5 !m2 & a bo>d or plank w make a /& = z _m /ocks :5 cut 9 pieces1 z if left :ole2 7& x ought to make m74 ,,canal ,,bottom-,,bo>d ,,disc>d$4 ,i us$ :at is t]m$ a canal bottom-bo>d1 until ,i f\nd out x did n pay exp5se1 & h n[ disc>d$ x1 & succe$ j z well4 ,x is g5]ally recomm5d$ z a prev5tive ( robb]ies1 & keep+ out ! mo?4 ,x may prev5t "o hive 9 fifty f be+ robb$2 b z = keep+ out ! mo?1 x is ab\t z good an assi/ant = x z c be contriv$4 ,x is a place ( great conv5i5ce = ! worms to sp9 _! cocoons1 & "s +5uity ( ! api>ian is requisite to get at !m4 ,,"s ,,advantage ,,9 ,,be+ ,,ne> ,,! ,,e>?4 ,i am aw>e t ,i g c\nt] to mo/ api>ians1 9 recomm5d+ ! /&s s ne> ! e>?2 less ?an two or ?ree feet betwe5 ! bees & ! e>?1 x is said1 w n answ] any way4 ,mr4 ,m9] is v positive on ?is po9t1 9 8 ,manual4 ,i v5tur$ to sugge/ to him1 t !re 0 m aga9/ x 9 !ory1 ?an 9 practice1 & gave him my exp]i5ce4 ,9 less ?an two ye>s f t "t ,i visit$ him1 & f\nd 8 bees close to ! e>?4 ,exp]i5ce is wor? a doz5 !ories2 9 fact1 x is ! only te/ to be dep5d$ ^u4 ,i %all n urge ! adoption ( any rule1 t ,i h n prov$ by my own practice4 ,! objection rais$1 is dampness f ! e>?1 :5 too ne>2 ,i am unable to p]ceive ! lea/ bad effect4 ,n[ let u comp>e advantages & disadvantages a little f>!r4 ,"o hive or a r[ ( hives susp5d$1 or /&+ on a b5*1 two or ?ree feet f ! e>?1 :5 approa*$ by ! bees on a *illy aft]noon1 7& we h _m su* 9 spr+17 t[>ds ev5+1 ev5 if !re is n mu* w9d1 !y are v apt to miss ! hive & bottom1 & fall to ! gr\nd1 s b5umb$ ) cold1 z to be unable to rise aga91 & by ! next morn+ are no use :atev]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if !y are ne> ! e>?1 ) a bo>d z describ$1 !re is no possibility ( _! alight+ "u ! hive1 & if !y %\ld come %ort1 & get on ! gr\nd1 !y c always creep1 long aft] !y are too cold to fly1 & are able1 & (t5 d ent] ! hive )\t ! necessity ( us+ _! w+s4 ,en\gh may be sav$ 9 "o spr+1 f a few hives1 9 ?is way1 to make a good sw>m1 :i* tak5 f sev]al is n p]ceiv$2 yet1 z mu* pr(it f !m might be realiz$1 z if !y 7 a sw>m by !mselves4 ,a little contrivance is all t is ne$$ to save !m4 ,to su* z mu/ & w h !m up away f ! e>?1 ,i w\ld say1 d sugge/ "s plan to save ?is portion ( y\r be/ & mo/ will+ s]vants2 h an alight+ bo>d project 9 front ( ! hive at lea/ "o foot1 or a bo>d long en\gh to rea* f ! bottom ( ! hive to ! gr\nd1 t !y may get on t1 & crawl up to ! hive4 ,d y want ! inducem5t8 ,exam9e m9utely ! e>? ab\t y\r hives1 t[>ds sunset1 "s day 9 ,april1 :5 ! day has be5 fair1 ) "s w9d1 & *illy t[>ds night1 & y w be a/oni%$ at ! numb]s t p]i%4 ,mo/ ( !m w be load$ ) poll51 prov+ !m m>tyrs to _! own indu/ry & y\r neglig5ce4 ,:5 ,i see a b5* ?ree feet high & no wid] ?an ! bottom ( ! hive1 p]haps a little less1 & no place = ! bees to ent] b at ! bottom1 & z _m hives cr[d$ on z x w hold1 ,i no long] wond] t bee-keep+ is all 9 luck2 ! wond] is h[ !y keep !m at all4 ,yet x proves t1 ) prop] managem5t1 x is n s v prec>i\s aft] all4 ,! necess>y protection f ! wea!r1 = /ocks1 is a subject t ,i h tak5 "s pa9s to asc]ta92 ! result has be51 t ! *eape/ cov]+ is j z good z any2 some?+ to keep ! ra9 & rays ( ! sun f ! top1 is all suffici5t4 ,cov]s = ea* hive1 l ! bottom-bo>d1 %\ld be sep>ate1 & "s l>g] ?an ! top4 ,,utility ,,( ,,bee-,,h\ses ,,d\bt$4 ,i h us$ bee-h\ses1 b !y w n pay1 & are also disc>d$4 ,!y are objectionable on acc\nt ( prev5t+ a free circulation ( air2 also1 x is difficult to con/ruct !m1 s t ! sun may /rike ! hives bo? 9 ! morn+ & aft]noon2 :i* 9 spr+ is v ess5tial4 ,if !y front ! s\?1 ! middle ( ! day is ! only "t :5 ! sun c rea* all ! hives at once2 ?is is j :5 !y ne$ x lea/2 & 9 hot wea!r1 sometimes injuri\s by melt+ ! combs4 ,b :5 ! hives /& f> en\gh ap>t1 on my plan1 x is v easily arrang$ to h ! sun /rike ! hive 9 ! morn+ & aft]noon1 & %ad$ f t5 o'clock1 till two or ?ree1 9 hot wea!r4 ,not)/&+ our prodigality 9 build+ a spl5did bee-h\se1 we ?9k ( economy :5 we come to put our hives 91 & get !m too close4 ,c't af=d to build a h\se1 & give !m s mu* room1 no h[4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,robb]ies4 ,robb+ is ano!r s\rce ( occasional loss to ! api>ian4 ,x is frequ5t 9 spr+1 & at any "t 9 w>m wea!r :5 honey is sc>ce4 ,x is v annoy+1 & sometimes gets neighbors 9 cont5tion1 :5 p]haps nei!r is to blame1 f>!r ?an ignorance ( ! matt]4 ,,n ,,prop]ly ,,und]/ood4 ,a p]son keep+ _m hives mu/ expect to be acc\ntable = all losses 9 8 neighborhood1 :e!r !y are lo/ by mismanagem5t or want ( managem5t4 ,_m p suppose1 if "o p]son has b "o /ock1 & ano!r has t51 t ! t5 w comb9e = plund]+ ! "o4 ,!re are no facts1 %[+ any communication betwe5 diff]5t families ( ! same api>y1 t ,i c discov]4 ,x is true1 :5 "o family f9ds ano!r weak & def5celess1 possess+ treasure1 !y h no consci5ti\s scruples ab\t c>ry+ (f ! la/ p>ticle4 ,! hurry & bu/le att5d+ x seldom escape ! notice ( ! o!r families2 & :5 "o hive has be5 robb$ 9 an api>y1 p]haps two-?irds ( ! o!r families1 sometimes all1 h p>ticipat$ 9 ! plund]4 ,"o family1 if x be l>ge1 is j z likely1 & m s1 to f9d a weak "o among ! t51 & comm5ce plund]+1 z ! o!r way4 ,,improp] ,,rem$ies4 ,not)/&+ x is common to he> rem>ks l ?is1 ,i _h a fir/-rate hive ( bees1 7:5 ! fact 0 he _h n look$ p>ticul>ly at 8 bees = a mon?1 to "k :e!r x 0 s or n1 & if he _h1 v likely w\ld n "k17 & ,mr4 ,a4's bees began to rob !m4 ,i tri$ e ?+ to /op x2 ,i mov$ !m ar\nd 9 sev]al places to prev5t _! f9d+ ! hive4 ,x did no good2 ! fir/ ,i knew !y 7 all gone--bees1 honey1 & all6 ,! bees all jo9$ ! robb]s4 ,n[ ! fact is1 t n "o good /ock ( bees 9 fifty1 w ev] be robb$1 if let alone2 t is1 if ! entrance is prop]ly protect$4 ,?is mov+ ! hive 0 en\gh to ru9 any /ock2 bees 7 lo/ at e *ange1 until no?+ 0 left b honey to tempt ! robb]s2 :]eas1 if left on its /&1 x might h escap$4 ,a great _m rem$ies h be5 giv5 me gratis1 :i*1 _h "o-half be5 foll[$1 w\ld h ru9$ !m4 ,! fact is1 ) _m p1 ! rem$ies are (t5 ! cause ( ! disease4 ,! mo/ fatal is1 to move !m a few rods2 ano!r1 to close ! hive entirely1 7v liable to smo!r !m72 or1 break out "s comb & set ! honey to runn+4 ,!re are "s *>ms t affect !m b little any way4 ,probably !re are b few bee-keep]s able to tell at once1 :5 bees are be+ robb$4 ,x requires ! close/ scrut9iz+ obs]vation to decide4 ,,difficulty ,,9 ,,decid+4 ,!re is no?+ ab\t ! api>y m difficult to det]m9e1 no?+ m likely ?an to be deceiv$4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$1 :5 a numb] are outside fight+1 t x is conclusive t !y are also robb+1 :i* is seldom ! case4 ,on ! contr>y1 a %[ ( resi/ance indicates a /rong colony1 & t !y are dispos$ to def5d _! treasures4 ,i no long] h any fe>s = a /ock t has c\rage to repel an attack4 ,,weak ,,families ,,9 ,,mo/ ,,dang]4 ,x is weak families1 t %[ no resi/ance1 :]e we f9d ! mo/ dang]4 ,9 seasons ( sc>city1 all good /ocks ma9ta9 or keep s5t9els ab\t ! entrance1 ^: duty x appe>s to be to exam9e e bee t attempts to ent]4 ,if x is a memb] ( ! community1 x is all[$ to pass2 if n1 x is exam9$ on ! spot4 ,x w\ld seem t a password 0 requisite = admittance1 = no soon] does a /rang]-bee endeavor to get 91 ?an x is kn[n4 ,if )\t necess>y cr$5tials1 !re is evid5ce en\gh aga9/ x4 ,ea* bee is a qualifi$ juri/1 judge1 & execution]4 ,!re is no delay2 no wait+ = witnesses = def5ce4 ,! m a bee attempts to escape1 ! m likely x w be to receive a /+1 unless x succe$s4 ,h[ /range bees are kn[n1 w\ld be no?+ b !ory1 if ,i %\ld attempt to expla94 ,let x suffice t !y are kn[n4 ,,_! ,,battles4 ,i w "h describe "s ( _! battles4 ,i h 9 ! spr+ frequ5tly se5 ! :ole front side ( ! hive cov]$ ) ! combatants1 7b = su* hives ,i h no fe>s2 !y are able to def5d !mselves47 ,sev]al w surr\nd "o /rang]2 "o or two w bite its legs1 ano!r ! w+s2 ano!r w make a fe9t ( /++1 :ile ano!r is ready to take :at honey x has1 :5 worri$ suffici5t to make x will+4 ,x is sometimes all[$ to g aft] yield+ all its honey1 b at o!rs1 is dispat*$ ) a /+1 :i* is almo/ in/antly fatal4 ,a bee is kill$ soon] by a /+1 ?an by any o!r means1 except cru%+4 ,sometimes a leg w tremble1 = a m9ute2 ! legs are drawn close to ! body2 ! abdom5 contracts to half its usual size1 unless fill$ ) honey4 ,i h kn[n a p9t accid5tally to ent] a neighbor+ /ock1 & be kill$ 9 five m9utes4 ,! only places ! /+ w p5etrate a bee are ! jo9ts ( ! abdom51 legs1 ! neck1 c4 ,i h occasionally se5 "o bee drag ab\t ! dead body ( its victim1 be+ unable to )draw its /+ f a jo9t 9 ! leg4 ,dur+ ! fight1 if x be to keep (f ^? 9 se>* ( plund]1 a few bees may be se5 buzz+ ar\nd 9 se>* ( a place ungu>d$ to ent] ! hive4 ,if su* is f\nd1 x alights & ent]s 9 a mom5t4 ,at o!r times1 :5 ab\t to ent]1 x meets a soldi] on duty1 & is on ! w+ aga9 9 an in/ant4 ,b ano!r "t x may be m un=tunate1 & be nabb$ by a policeman1 :5 x mu/ ei!r break away1 or suff] ! p5alty ( insect ju/ice1 :i* is g5]ally ( ! utmo/ sev]ity4 ,,bad ,,policy ,,to ,,raise ,,! ,,hives4 ,a great _m api>ians raise _! hives an in* f ! bo>d e>ly 9 spr+4 ,!y seem to disreg>d ! *ance x gives robb]s to ent] on e side4 ,x is l sett+ ! door ( y\r own h\se op51 to tempt ! ?ief1 & !n compla9 ( depravity4 ,let x be und]/ood1 !n1 t all good /ocks1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 w take c>e ( !mselves4 ,nature has provid$ means ( def5ce1 ) in/9ct to direct its use4 ,non-resi/ance may d = highly cultivat$ intellect 9 man1 b n "h4 ,,indications ,,( ,,robb]s4 ,we w n[ notice ! appe>ance ab\t a weak hive t makes no resi/ance1 & %[ ! result to be a total loss ( ! /ock1 )\t timely int]f]5ce4 ,ea* robb]1 :5 leav+ ! hive1 in/ead ( fly+ 9 a direct l9e to its home1 w turn its head t[>ds ! hive to m>k ! spot1 t x may "k :]e to return = ano!r load1 9 ! same mann] t !y d :5 leav+ _! hive 9 ! spr+4 ,! fir/ "t ! "y bees leave home1 !y m>k _! location1 by ! same process4 ,a few ( ^! beg9 to hat* f ! cells v e>ly2 9 all good /ocks1 (t5 be=e ! wea!r is w>m en\gh = any to leave ! hive4 ,consequ5tly1 x _c be too e>ly = !m at any "t 9 spr+4 ,^! "y bees1 ab\t ! middle ( ea* fair day1 or a little lat]1 take a turn ( fly+ out v ?ickly = a %ort "t4 ,! inexp]i5c$ obs]v] w\ld be v likely to suppose su* /ock v prosp]\s1 f ! numb] ( inhabitants 9 motion4 ,?is unusual bu/le is ! fir/ indication ( f\l play1 & %\ld be reg>d$ ) suspicion2 yet x is n conclusive4 ,a ,,duty4 ,x is ! duty ( e bee-keep]1 :o expects to succe$1 to "k :i* 8 weak /ocks are2 an exam9ation "s cool morn+1 c be made by turn+ ! hive bottom up1 & lett+ ! sun among ! combs4 ,! numb] ( inhabitants 9 !m is easily se54 ,:5 weak1 close ! entrance1 till !re is j room = "o bee to pass at once4 ,! fir/ real pleasant days1 at any "t be=e honey is obta9$ pl5tifully1 a little aft] noon1 look out = !m to comm5ce robb+4 ,:5ev] a weak /ock is tak5 ) :at appe>s to be a fit ( unusual indu/ry1 x is q c]ta9 !y are ei!r robb]s or "y bees2 ! difficulty is to decide :i*4 ,_! motions are alike1 b !re is a little diff]5ce 9 color--! "y bees are a %ade light]2 ! abdom5 ( ! robb]s1 :5 fill$ ) honey1 is a little l>g]4 ,x requires close1 pati5t obs]vation1 to decide ?is po9t1 & :5 y h wat*$ close en\gh to detect ?is diff]5ce1 y c decide )\t tr\ble4 ,a ,,te/4 ,b :ile y are le>n+ ?is nice di/9ction1 y\r bees may be ru9$4 ,we w1 !re=e1 give "s o!r means ( protection4 ,bees1 :5 !y h be5 /eal+ a sack ( honey f a neighbor+ hive1 w g5]ally run sev]al in*es f ! entrance be=e fly+3 kill "s ( ^!2 if fill$ ) honey1 !y are robb]s2 because x is v suspici\s1 to be fill$ ) honey :5 leav+ ! hive2 or spr9kle "s fl\r on !m z !y come out1 & h "s "o wat* by ! o!rs to see if !y ent]4 ,ano!r way is less tr\ble1 b w take long]1 be=e !y are *eck$1 if robb+4 ,visit !m aga9 9 ! c\rse ( half an h\r or m1 aft] ! "y bees h _h "t to get back1 7if x %\ld happ5 to be !m72 b if ! bu/le cont9ues or increases1 x is "t to int]f]e4 ,:5 ! entrance has be5 contract$ z direct$1 close x entirely till ne> sunset4 ,:5 x has be5 left )\t1 x %\ld n[ be done1 7giv+ room = only "o bee at a "t74 ,?is w all[ all t belong to ! hive to get 91 & o!rs to get out1 & mat]ially ret>d ! progress ( ! robb]s4 ,,robb+ ,,usually ,,comm5ces ,,on ,a ,,w>m ,,day4 ,unless x %\ld be cool1 !y w cont9ue _! op]ations till ev5+4 ,v (t5 "s are unable to get home 9 ! d>k1 & are lo/4 ,?is1 by ! way1 is ano!r good te/ ( robb+4 ,visit ! hives e w>m ev5+4 ,!y comm5ce depr$ations on ! w>me/ days2 seldom o!rwise4 ,if any are at "w :5 hone/ labor]s %\ld be at home1 !y ne$ att5tion4 ,,rem$ies4 ,z = rem$ies1 ,i h tri$ sev]al4 ,! lea/ tr\ble is to remove ! weak hive 9 ! morn+ to ! cell>1 or "s d>k1 cool place1 = a few days1 until at lea/ two or ?ree w>m days h pass$1 t !y may ab&on ! se>*4 ,! robb]s w !n probably attack ! /ock on ! next /&4 ,contract ! entrance ( ?is 9 accordance ) ! numb] ( bees t are to pass4 ,if /rong1 no dang] ne$ be appreh5d$2 !y may fight1 & ev5 kill "s2 p]haps a little *a/isem5t is necess>y1 to a s5se ( _! duty4 ,,common ,,op9ion4 ,!re is an op9ion preval5t t robb]s (t5 g to a neighbor+ /ock1 kill (f ! bees fir/1 & !n take possession ( ! treasures4 ,to corroborate ?is matt]1 ,i h nev] yet discov]$ "o fact1 al?\gh ,i h wat*$ v closely4 ,:5ev] bees h _h all _! /ores tak51 at a p]iod :5 no?+ 0 to be _h 9 ! fl[]s1 x is evid5t !y mu/ />ve1 & la/ b a day or two be=e !y are gone4 ,?is w\ld naturally give rise to ! supposition t !y 7 ei!r kill$1 or gone ) ! robb]s4 ,a ,,case ,,9 ,,po9t4 ,i h a case 9 po9t4 ,hav+ be5 f home a c\ple ( days1 ,i f\nd1 on my return1 a sw>m ( m$ium /r5g?1 t _h be5 c>elessly expos$1 _h be5 plund]$ ( ab\t fifte5 p\nds ( honey1 e p>ticle !y _h4#ac ,ab\t ! usual numb] ( bees 7 among ! combs1 to all appe>ance1 v disconsolate4 ,i at once remov$ !m to ! cell>1 & f$ !m = a few days4 ,! o!r bees gave ov] look+ = m plund]1 9 ! meantime4 ,x 0 !n return$ to ! /&1 entrance ne>ly clos$1 z direct$1 c4 ,9 a %ort "t x made a valuable /ock2 b _h ,i left x tw5ty-f\r h\rs long]1 x probably w\ld n h be5 wor? a /raw4 #ac ,x occurr$ ! la/ ( ,july4 ,,fur!r ,,directions4 ,:5 a /ock has be5 remov$1 if ! next /& conta9s a weak1 in/ead ( a /rong "o1 x is be/ to take t 9 also2 to be return$ to ! /& z soon z ! robb]s w all[ x4 ,if a second attack is made1 put !m 9 aga91 or if practicable1 remove !m a mile or two out ( _! k ( c\ntry2 !y w\ld !n lose no "t f labor4 ,:]e b few /ocks are kept1 & n m ?an "o or two /ocks are engag$1 spr9kle a little fl\r on !m z !y leave1 to asc]ta9 :i* ! robb]s are2 !n rev]se ! hives1 putt+ ! weak "o 9 ! place ( ! /rong1 & ! /rong "o 9 ! place ( ! weak "o4 ,! weak /ock w g5]ally become ! /ronge/1 & put a /op to _! op]ations2 b ?is me?od is (t5 impracticable 9 a l>ge api>y2 because sev]al /ocks are usually engag$1 v soon aft] "o comm5ces1 & a doz5 may be robb+ "o4 ,ano!r me?od is1 :5 y are sure a /ock is be+ robb$1 take a "t :5 !re are z _m plund]]s inside z y c get1 & close ! hive at once1 7wire-clo?1 or some?+ to admit air1 & at ! same "t conf9e ! bees1 is necess>y27 c>ry 91 z be=e direct$1 = two or ?ree days1 :5 !y may be set out4 ,! /range bees ?us enclos$ w jo9 ! weak family1 & w be z eag] to def5d :at is n[ _! treasure1 z !y 7 be=e to c>ry x (f4 ,?is pr9ciple ( =gett+ home & unit+ ) o!rs1 aft] a lapse ( a few days1 7writ]s say1 tw5ty-f\r h\rs is suffici5t = !m to =get home7 c be recomm5d$ 9 ?is case4 ,x succe$s ab\t f\r times 9 five1 :5 a prop] numb] is enclos$4 ,weak /ocks are /r5g!n$ 9 ?is way v easily2 & ! bees be+ tak5 f a numb] ( hives1 are h>dly miss$4 ,! difficulty is1 to "k :5 !re are en\gh to be ab\t equal1 to :at belongs to ! weak /ock2 if too few are enclos$1 !y are surely de/roy$4 ,,common ,,cause ,,( ,,comm5c+4 ,aft] all1 bees be+ robb$ is l be+ de/roy$ by worms2 a k9d ( second>y matt]2 t is1 n "o /rong /ock 9 a hundr$ w ev] be attack$ & plund]$ on ! fir/ onset4 ,bees mu/ be fir/ tempt$1 & r5d]$ furi\s by a weak hive2 a di% ( refuse honey set ne> !m is sometimes suffici5t to set !m at "w1 also :]e !y h be5 f$ & n _h a full supply4 ,aft] !y h once comm5c$1 x takes an a/oni%+ quantity to satiate _! appetite4 ,!y seem to be p]fectly intoxicat$1 & reg>dless ( dang]2 !y v5ture on to c]ta9 de/ruction6 ,i h kn[n a few in/ances :]e good /ocks by ?is means 7 r$uc$1 until !y 9 turn fell a prey to o!rs4 ,i h = sev]al ye>s kept ab\t "o hundr$ /ocks away f home1 :]e ,i c\ld n see !m mu*1 to prev5t robb+4 ,yet ,i nev] lo/ a /ock by ?is cause4 ,i simply keep ! entrance clos$1 except a passage = ! bees at "w dur+ spr+4 ,x is true ,i h lo/ a few /ocks1 :5 ! o!r bees took ! honey1 b !y w\ld h be5 lo/ any way4 ,,spr+ ,,! ,,wor/ ,,"t4 ,z ,i be=e rem>k$ 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ?is *apt]1 bees w plund] & fight at any "t ?r\gh ! summ]1 :5 honey _c be collect$2 b spr+ is ! only "t t su* desp]ate & p]sev]+ ef=ts are made to obta9 x4 ,x is ! only "t ! api>ian c be excus$ = hav+ 8 hives plund]$1 or lett+ !m /& 9 a situation = x4 ,we !n (t5 h families r$uc$ 9 w9t] & spr+1 f v>i\s causes1 & :5 protect$ ?r\gh ?is season1 g5]ally make good /ocks4 ,x is !n we wi% !m to =m /eady1 indu/ri\s habits1 & n live by plund]4 ,prev5tion is bett] ?an cure2 evil prop5sities %\ld be *eck$ 9 ! beg9n+4 ,! bee1 l man1 :5 ?is disposition has be5 indulg$ = a "t1 x is h>d break+ ! habit2 a sev]e *a/isem5t is ! only cure2 !y too g on ! pr9ciple ( mu* want+ m4 ,,no ,,necessity ,,to ,,h ,,! ,,bees ,,plund]$ ,,9 ,,! ,,fall4 ,! api>ian hav+ 8 bees plund]$ 9 ! fall1 is n fit to h *>ge ( !m2 _! ef=ts are seldom z /rong z 9 spr+1 7unless !re is a g5]al sc>city17 ! weak hives are usually bett] suppli$ ) bees1 & consequ5tly a less numb] is expos$2 b yet1 :5 !re are "s v weak families1 ^! %\ld be tak5 away z soon z ! fl[]s fail1 or /r5g!n$ ) bees f ano!r hive4 ,p>ticul>s 9 fall managem5t4 ,i h sometimes made my sw>ms equal1 e>ly 9 spr+1 by ! foll[+ me?od1 & ,i h also fail$4 ,bees1 :5 w9t]$ toge!r 9 a room1 w seldom qu>rel :5 fir/ set out4 ,:5 "o /ock has an ov] supply ( bees1 & ano!r a v few1 ! next day or two aft] be+ out1 ,i *ange ! weak "o to ! /& ( ! /rong "o1 7z m5tion$ a page or two back17 & all bees t h m>k$ ! location return to t place4 ,! failure is1 :5 too _m leave ! /rong /ock1 mak+ t ! weak "o1 :5 no?+ is ga9$4 ,if x c\ld be done :5 !y _h be5 out ( ! h\se j long en\gh = ! prop] numb] to h m>k$ ! location1 success w\ld be q c]ta94 ,b be=e an ex*ange ( ?is k9d is made1 x w\ld be well1 if possible2 to asc]ta9 :at is ! cause ( a /ock be+ weak2 if x is f ! loss ( a que51 7:i* is sometimes ! case17 we only make ! matt] worse by ! op]ation4 ,to asc]ta9 :e!r ! que5 be pres5t1 d n dep5d on ! bees c>ry+ 9 poll52 z mo/ writ]s ass]t !y w n1 :5 ! que5 is gone2 because ,i h kn[n !m d x s _m times )\t1 t ,i c assure ! read] aga91 x is no te/ :atev]4 ,! te/ giv5 9 *apt] ,,iii4 page #gc1 is always c]ta94 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,fe$+4 ,,%\ld ,,be ,a ,,la/ ,,resort4 ,fe$+ bees 9 spr+ is sometimes absolutely necess>y2 b 9 ord9>y seasons & circum/ances1 x is some:at d\btful if x is ! sure/ road to success1 = ! api>ian to attempt w9t]+ any /ock s poorly suppli$ ) honey1 t he feels satisfi$ w ne$ fe$+ 9 ! spr+ or be=e4 ,i w recomm5d 9 ano!r place 79 fall managem5t7 :at ,i consid] a bett] disposition ( su* light families4 ,b z "s /ocks are ei!r robb$1 or f "s o!r cause1 consume m honey ?an we expect1 a little tr\ble & c>e may save a loss4 ,also bees are (t5 f$ at ?is season to promote e>ly sw>m+1 & fill+ boxes ) surplus honey4 ,,c>e ,,ne$$4 ,consid]able c>e is requisite1 & b few "k h[ to manage x prop]ly4 ,honey f$ to bees1 is almo/ c]ta9 to get up qu>rels among !m4 ,sometimes /rong /ocks sc5t ! honey giv5 to weak ones1 & c>ry x (f z fa/ z suppli$4 ,,app>5t ,,contradiction ,,:5 ,,fe$+ ,,caus+ ,,/>vation4 ,x is possible t fe$+ a /ock ( bees 9 spr+1 may cause !m to />ve6 :]eas1 if let alone1 !y might escape4 ,not)/&+ ?is looks l a contradiction1 ,i ?9k x appe>s reasonable4 ,:5ev] ! supply ( honey is %ort1 probably n m ?an "o egg 9 tw5ty :i* ! que5 deposits1 w be matur$--_! means n all[+ ! "y brood to be f$4 ,?is appe>s f ! fact t sev]al eggs may be f\nd 9 "o cell4 ,i transf]r$ ov] tw5ty /ocks 9 ,m>*1 #aheb--mo/ ( ! cells occupi$ ) eggs conta9$ a plurality2 two1 ?ree1 & ev5 f\r1 7 f\nd 9 "o cell2 x is evid5t t all c\ld n be p]fect$4 ,also1 ! fact ( ^! eggs be+ at ?is season on ! bottom-bo>d4 ,n[ suppose y give su* a /ock two or ?ree p\nds ( honey1 & !y are enc\rag$ to fe$ a l>ge brood1 & y\r supply fails be=e !y are half gr[n4 ,:at are !y to d8 de/roy ! brood & lose all !y h f$1 or draw on _! old /ores = a small quantity to help !m 9 ?is em]g5cy1 & tru/ to *ance = !mselves8 ,! latt] alt]native w probably be adopt$1 & !n1 )\t a timely int]v5tion ( favorable wea!r1 ! bees />ve4 ,! same effect is sometimes produc$ by ! *anges ( ! wea!r2 a week or two may be v f9e & br+ out ! fl[]s 9 abundance--a sudd5 *ange1 p]haps fro/1 may de/roy all = a few days4 ,?is makes x necess>y to use consid]able vigilance1 z ^! turns ( cold wea!r 7:5 !y occur7 make x unsafe1 till :ite clov] appe>s2 b if ! spr+ is favorable1 !re is b little dang]1 unless !y are robb$4 ,if y take ! necess>y c>e ab\t worms1 y w "k :i* are light1 & :i* heavy1 unless y\r hives are susp5d$2 ev5 !n1 x is a duty to "k _! true condition1 9 ?is respect4 ,?is is ano!r advantage ( ! simple hive2 m]ely rais+ "o edge to de/roy worms1 tells y some?+ ab\t ! honey on h&4 ,to be v exact1 ! hive %\ld be weigh$ :5 ready = ! bees1 & ! weight m>k$ on x2 by weigh+ at any "t aft]1 tells at once )9 a few p\nds ( :at honey !re is on h&4 ,"s all[ance mu/ be made = ! age ( ! combs1 ! quantity ( brood1 c4 ,x is wrong to beg9 to fe$ )\t be+ prep>$ to cont9ue to d s1 z ! supply mu/ be kept up till honey is abundant4 ,,h[ ,,long ,,x ,,w ,,d ,,to ,,wait ,,be=e ,,fe$+4 ,if x is wi%$ to wait z long z possible1 & n lose ! bees1 a te/ w be necess>y to decide h[ long x w d to delay fe$+4 ,9 ?is case1 /rict att5tion w be necess>y2 !y w ne$ exam9ation e morn+4 ,if a light tap on ! hive is answ]$ b2 a brisk1 lively buzz+1 !y are n suff]+ yet2 b if no answ] is return$ to y\r inquiry1 x indicates a want ( /r5g?4 ,extreme de/itution de/roys all disposition to repel an attack4 ,sometimes a "p ( ! bees w be too weak to rema9 among ! combs1 & w be ly+ on ! bottom1 & "s few outside4 ,if ! wea!r is cool1 !y appe> to be lifeless2 yet !y c be reviv$1 & n[ mu/ he f$4 ,,directions ,,= ,,fe$+4 ,^? among ! combs may be able to move1 ?\gh feebly4 ,:5 ?is is ! condition ( ?+s1 inv]t ! hive1 ga!r up all ! scatt]$ bees1 & put !m 94 ,get "s honey2 if c&i$1 heat x till x dissolves2 comb honey is n s good )\t ma%+2 if no honey is to be _h1 br[n sug> may be tak5 in/ead2 add a little wat]1 & boil x till ab\t ! consi/5ce ( honey1 & skim x2 :5 cool en\gh1 p\r a quantity among ! combs1 directly on ! bees2 cov] ! bottom ( ! hive ) a clo?1 secur+ x firmly1 & br+ to ! fire to w>m up4 ,9 two or ?ree h\rs !y w be reviv$1 & may be return$ to ! /&1 provid+ ! honey giv5 is all tak5 up2 on no acc\nt let any honey run out ar\nd ! bottom4 ,! necessity ( a daily visit to ! hives is app>5t f ! fact1 t if left ov] = "o day1 9 ! situation j describ$1 x w be too late to revive !m4 ,at night1 if y h a box cov]1 su* z ,i h recomm5d$1 y may op5 ! holes 9 ! top ( ! hive2 fill a small bak+ di% ) honey or syrup1 & set x on ! top2 put 9 "s %av+s to keep ! bees f dr[n+1 or a float may be us$ if y *oose2 x %\ld be made ( "s v light wood1 v ?91 & full ( holes or n>r[ *annels1 made ) a saw4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( fe$+1 a few drops %\ld be scatt]$ on ! top ( ! hive & trail$ to ! side ( ! di%1 to tea* !m ! way2 aft] fe$+ a few times1 !y w "k ! road4 ,:5 ! wea!r is w>m en\gh = !m to take x dur+ ! night1 x is be/ to fe$ at ev5+1--f f\r to eight ounces daily1 is suffici5t4 ,if ! family is v small1 :at honey is left 9 ! morn+ may attract o!r bees2 x is !n be/ to take x out1 or c>ry ! hive 9 ! h\se to a d>k room1 suffici5tly w>m1 & fe$ !m en\gh to la/ sev]al days1 & !n return !m to ! /&2 keep+ a good look\t t !y are n plund]$1 & aga9 9 a />v+ condition1 until fl[]s produce honey suffici5t4 ,,:ole ,,families ,,may ,,des]t ,,! ,,hive4 ,:5 y h ! means to keep up a supply ( food1 & "t requisite to make fe$+ secure1 p]haps x w\ld n be advisable to wait till ! la/ extremity be=e fe$+1 z a small family w sometimes entirely des]t ! hive1 :5 de/itute1 if x occurs be=e !y h mu* brood4 ,9 ^! cases1 !y issue precisely z a sw>m2 aft] fly+ a long "t1 !y ei!r return1 or unite ) "s o!r /ock4 ,if !y return1 !y ne$ att5tion imm$iately4 ,y may be c]ta9 !re is some?+ wrong1 let ! des]tion take place :5 x may2 9 spr+ x may be de/itution1 or m\ldy combs2 at o!r times ! pres5ce ( worms1 diseas$ brood1 c4 ,by :atev] cause x is produc$1 asc]ta9 x1 & apply ! rem$y4 ,,objections ,,to ,,g5]al ,,fe$+4 ,i h kn[n x recomm5d$1 & practis$ by "s api>ians1 to fe$ bees all at once 9 ! op5 air1 9 a l>ge tr\gh2 b :oev] realizes mu* pr(it by ?is me?od1 w be v =tunate1 z e /ock 9 ! neighborhood w soon sc5t x out1 & c>ry (f a good %>e1 & ne>ly e /ock at home w be 9 cont5tion1 & great numb]s kill$2 ! mom5t ! honey is out1 _! att5tion is direct$ to o!r /ocks4 ,ano!r objection to ?is g5]al fe$+ is1 t "s /ocks are n necessitat$ at all1 :ile o!rs ne$ x2 b ! /ronge/ /ock is pretty sure to get ! mo/4 ,,n[1 z ,i _c af=d to divide ) my neighbors 9 ?is way ( fe$+1 & ,i suppose b few w be f\nd :o are will+ to d x1 ,i w give my me?od1 :i*1 :5 once arrang$1 is b little tr\ble4 ,,arrangem5t ,,= ,,fe$+4 ,i got a t9man to make "s di%es1 two in*es deep1 #ajx#ab in*es squ>e1 & p]p5dicul> sides4 ,a bo>d 0 !n got out1 fifte5 in*es wide1 & two feet long2 two in*es f "o end1 a hole is cut out ! longe/ way1 j ! size ( ! di%1 s t x w set 9 j ev5 ) ! upp] side ( ! bo>d2 a good fit %\ld be made1 s t no bees c get 9 ar\nd x2 cleats %\ld be nail$ on ! "u side ( ! bo>d1 "s ov] an in* ?ick1 to prev5t cr[d+ ! di% out4 ,?is is to g directly "u ! hive1 b x is n ready yet1 because if su* di% is fill$ ) honey "u a hive1 ! bees w\ld dr[n2 if a float is put on to keep !m out1 x w settle to ! bottom :5 ! honey is out1 & ! bees _c creep up ! sides ( t9 v easily4 ,ano!r ?+1 !re is no?+ to prev5t ! bees f mak+ _! combs to ! bottom ( ?is di%1 two in*es bel[ ! bottom ( ! hive2 ^! ?+s are to be prev5t$4 ,get out two pieces ( half-in* bo>d1 t5 in*es long1 "o to be two in*es wide1 ! o!r "o & a half in*es4 ,) a co>se or ?ick saw1 cut *annels 9 ! side ( ! /rips1 "o-f\r? in* deep1 ?ree-eigh?s or half an in* ap>t1 crosswise ! :ole l5g?4 ,y w !n want a numb] correspond+ to ! places saw$1 ( v ?9 %+les1 or /rips1 say "o-eigh? ( an in* ?ick1 & "o & ?ree-f\r?s wide1 & n9e & a half long2 ^! are to /& edgewise 9 ! di%2 ! fir/ two are to hold !m 9 ! *annels at ! ends4 ,! n>r[ "o ne$s a block "o-half in* squ>e1 nail$ on ea* end2 on ! edge1 a /rip ( wire clo? is !n nail$ on1 mak+ ! :ole wid? j two in*es4 ,?is is n[ put 9 ! di%1 wire clo? at ! bottom1 two in*es f "o end2 two p9s to act z braces w keep x !re2 ! o!r wide "o is plac$ aga9/ ! o!r end1 & press$ d[n ev5 ) ! top ( ! di%4 ,! ?9 pieces are n[ slipp$ into ! *annels ev5 ) ! top2 x is n[ ready to g "u ! hive to be f$4 ,let ! two-in* space project out on ! back side ( ! hive4 ,a n>r[ bo>d %\ld be provid$1 "s m ?an two in*es wide1 to cov] x4 ,let ! hive /& close on ?is bo>d2 ! hole 9 ! side is suffici5t = ! passage ( bees at "w1 till v hot wea!r4 ,?us y see t ! hive cov]s all b ! space beh9d1 :i* ! bo>d cov]s1 & n a /range bee c get at ! honey1 )\t ent]+ ! hole at ! side1 & pass+ ?r\gh among ! bees belong+ to ! hive1 :i* !y w n (t5 d2 if ! family is num]\s1 x makes x z safe z fe$+ on ! top2 ) ?is advantage1 !re are no bees 9 ! way to int]f]e :ile p\r+ 9 ! food4 ,:5 ! bees are to be f$1 raise ! bo>d at ! back & p\r 9 ! honey2 ! wire-clo? 9 ! bottom prev5ts all bees f ent]+ ?is space1 at ! same "t w let ! honey pass ?r\gh directly "u ! bees1 :i* w take x up quick] ?an f any o!r place t ,i c put x2 !y w "w all night ev5 :5 ! wea!r is q cool4 ,?is bo>d & fe$] c be tak5 out :5 done fe$+1 & put away till want$ aga92 if left "u ?r\gh ! summ]1 x af=ds ! worms a place r too conv5i5t to sp9 _! cocoons1 :]e !y are n easily de/roy$4 ,,fe$+ ,,to ,,induce ,,e>ly ,,sw>ms4 ,if ! object 9 fe$+ is to induce e>ly sw>ms1 ( c\rse ! be/ /ocks %\ld be *os5 = ! purpose2 b "s c>e is necess>y n to give too mu*1 & fill ! combs ) honey1 t ought to be fill$ ) brood1 & !reby defeat y\r object2 "o p\nd p] day is en\gh1 p]haps too mu*4 ,! quantity obta9$ f fl[]s is a p>tial guide2 :5 pl5ty1 fe$ less2 :5 sc>ce1 m4 ,beg9 z soon z y c make !m take x up 9 spr+1 & cont9ue 9 accordance ) ! wea!r1 till :ite clov] blossoms1 or sw>ms issue4 ,ano!r object 9 fe$+ bees at ?is p]iod1 is to h ! /ore combs all fill$ ) inf]ior honey1 s t :5 clov] appe>s1 7:i* yields our be/ honey17 !re is no room except 9 ! boxes to /ore x1 :i* are n[ put on1 & rapidly fill$4 ,:5 ?is la/ object is alone wi%$ =1 x is n mu* matt] h[ mu* is giv5 at a "t1 provid+ x is all tak5 up ?r\gh ! night2 x w !n take no "t 9 day-light1 :5 !y might "w on fl[]s2 also1 ! bees w\ld h no tr\ble 9 repell+ any attempt ( o!rs to get at x4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,f$4 ,inf]ior honey may be us$ = ?is purpose2 ,s\!rn or ,we/ ,india is good1 & co/s b little4 ,ev5 molasses sug> mix$ ) x w d2 b !y d n reli% x s well :5 f$ )\t ! honey4 ,i h usually tak5 ab\t equal quantities ( ea*1 add+ a p9t ( wat] to t5 p\nds ( ?is mixture1 & mak+ x z hot z x w be> )\t boil+ ov]1 & skimm+ x4 ,,is ,,c&i$ ,,honey ,,injuri\s8 ,!re has an idea be5 advanc$1 t c&i$ honey is injuri\s to bees1 ev5 said to be fatal4 ,i nev] c\ld discov] any ?+ fur!r1 ?an x 0 a p]fect wa/e1 :ile 9 ?is /ate4 ,:5 boil$1 & a little wat] add$1 x appe>s to be j z good z any4 ,ne>ly e /ock w h m or less ( x on h& at ?is season2 b z w>m wea!r approa*es1 & ! bees increase to w>m ! hive1 x seems to get liquifi$1 f ?is cause alone4 ,! bees1 :5 compell$ to use honey f ^! cells1 ?us c&i$1 wa/e a l>ge portion2 a "p is liquid1 & ! re/ is gra9$ l sug>1 :i* may be se5 on ! bottom-bo>d1 z ! bees "w x out v (t54 ,ano!r object 9 fe$+ bees1 is to give inf]ior honey1 mix$ ) sug> & flavor$ to suit ! ta/e1 to ! bees1 & let !m /ore x 9 boxes = m>ket4 ,n[1 ,i h no fai? 9 honey und]go+ any *emical *ange 9 ! /oma* ( ! bee1#ad & _c recomm5d ?is z ! hone/ c\rse4 ,nei!r d ,i ?9k x w\ld be v pr(itable1 fe$+ to ?is ext5t1 "u any circum/ances4 ,i h a few times _h "s boxes ne>ly f9i%$ & fit = m>ket at ! end ( ! honey season2 a little m add$ w\ld make !m answ]4 ,i h !n f$ a few p\nds ( good honey1 b always f\nd t sev]al p\nds _h to be giv5 ! bees to get "o 9 ! boxes4 #ad ,mr4 ,gillman's pat5t = fe$+ bees1 is bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( a *emical *ange4 ,x is said t ! food he gives to ! bees1 :5 p\r$ into ! cells1 becomes honey ( ! fir/ quality4 ,?is appe>s extremely my/]i\s2 = x is well und]/ood t :5 a bee has fill$ its sack x w g to ! hive1 deposit its load1 & return imm$iately = m2 & w cont9ue its labor ?r\gh\t ! day1 or until ! supply fails2 ea* load occupy+ b few m9utes4 ,! "t 9 go+ f ! fe$] to ! hive is s %ort t a *ange s important is n at all probable4 ,! nature ( bees seems to be to collect honey1 n make x2 h5ce we f9d1 :5 bees are ga!r+ f clov]1 !y /ore q a diff]5t article ?an :5 f buck:eat1--or :5 we fe$ ,we/ ,india honey1 9 quantities suffici5t to h x /or$ pure 9 ! boxes1 we f9d t x has lo/ none ( its bad ta/e 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! sacks ( our nor!rn bees4 ,x appe>s mo/ probable t1 if ,s\!rn honey & *eap sug> =m ! basis ( 8 food1 7:i* x is said to17 t x is flavor$ ) some?+ to disguise ! disagreeable qualities ( ! comp\nd4 ,%\ld ?is be ! secret1 x w\ld seem l a wa/e to fe$ x to bees--a portion w\ld be giv5 to ! brood1 & possibly ! old bees might n always refra9 f sipp+ a little ( ! tempt+ nect>4 ,:y n1 :5 ! comp\nd 0 ready1--in/ead ( wa/+ x by ?is process1--put x directly 9 m>ket8 ,or1 is x necess>y to h x 9 ! combs to help psy*ologize ! consum] into ! belief t x is honey ( a pure quality8 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,worms4 ,i %all n give a full hi/ory ( ! mo? 9 ?is *apt]1 z spr+ is n ! "t !y are mo/ de/ructive4 ,x w be fur!r notic$ "u ! head ( ,enemies ( ,bees4 ,b z ?is is a duty belong+ to spr+1 a p>tial hi/ory seems necess>y4 ,z soon z ! bees comm5ce _! labors1 ! worms are g5]ally ready to beg9 !irs4 ,,"s ,,9 ,,! ,,be/ ,,/ocks4 ,y w probably f9d "s 9 y\r be/ /ocks2 b don't be fright5$2 ?is is n ! season :5 !y (t5 de/roy y\r /ocks1 yet !y injure !m "s4 ,,h[ ,,f\nd4 ,9 ! morn+1 :5 cool1 raise ! hive1 & y w f9d !m on ! bo>d4 ,y mu/ n suppose t ^! *aps are br$ outside ! hive1 got _! gr[?1 & are n[ on _! way among ! bees1 b ! rev]se4 ,!y are br$ 9 ! hive1 & mo/ ( !m are on ! way out1 & ?is is ! precise "t to arre/ !m & br+ !m to ju/ice = _! crimes4 ,a ,,tool ,,= ,,_! ,,de/ruction4 ,i h us$ a simple tool1 made 9 a few m9utes1 & v conv5i5t 9 ?is bus9ess4 ,any "o c make x4 ,get a piece ( n>r[ hoop-iron1 7/eel w\ld be bett]17 ?ree-f\r? in* wide1 five in*es long2 tap] f "o side ?ree in*es f ! end to a po9t2 !n gr9d ea* edge %>p2 make ?ree or f\r holes ?r\gh ! wide end1 to admit small nails ?r\gh x 9 ! h&le1 :i* %\ld be ab\t two feet long & ab\t half an in* squ>e4 ,arm$ ) ?is weapon1 y c proce$4 ,raise ! hive on "o edge1 & ) ! po9t ( y\r sword y may pick a worm out ( ! close/ corn]1 & easily scrape all f "u ! hive ) x4 ,n[1 be sure & dispat* e "o2 n t ! little victim w itself1 p]sonally1 d mu* mis*ief2 b ?r\gh its desc5dants ! mis*ief is to be appreh5d$4 ,v likely half ( all y f9d w h f9i%$ _! c\rse ( de/ruction1 among ! combs1 & h volunt>ily left !m = a place to sp9 _! cocoons4 ,!y are worri$ by ! bees1 if !y are num]\s1 until satisfi$ t x is no safe place among !m to make a %r\d & rema9 helpless two or ?ree weeks4 ,accord+ly1 :5 !y get _! gr[? !y leave1 get on ! bo>d on ! bottom1 become *ill$ & helpless 9 ! morn+1 b aga9 active by ! middle ( ! day4 ,n[1 if !y are m]ely ?r[n on ! e>?1 a place !re w be select$1 if no bett] is f\nd1 = trans=mation2 & a mo? p]fect$ t5 feet f ! hive is j z capable ( deposit+ five hundr$ eggs 9 y\r hive1 z if %e _h nev] left x4 ,sev]al g5]ations are matur$ 9 ! c\rse ( "o summ]3 consequ5tly1 "o de/roy$ at ?is season1 may prev5t ! exi/5ce ( ?\s&s be=e ! summ] is ov]4 ,?is is ano!r subject ( !oretical reason+1 & imposition1 7at lea/ 9 my op9ion47 ,i wi% ! read] to judge = himself2 get rid ( :ims & prejudice1 & look at ! subject c&idly & fair2 & if !re is no corroborative te/imony comes up to confirm any position t ,i assume1 ,i %all n compla9 if my ass]tions f>e no bett] ?an "s o!rs4 ,only def] judgm5t till y "k = y\rself4 ,bees h ev] receiv$ my especial reg>d & att5tion2 & my en?usiasm may bl9d my judgm5t4 ,i may be prejudic$1 b w n be wilfully wrong4 ,i h f\nd s _m !ories utt]ly false1 :5 c>ri$ out 9 practice1 t ,i c dep5d on no "o's hypo!sis1 h[ev] plausible1 )\t facts 9 practice to support x4 ,no "o %\ld be fully cr$it$ )\t a te/4 ,to return to our subject4 ,,mi/ak5 ,,conclusions4 ,x is suppos$ by _m1 :5 ^! worms are f\nd on ! bo>d1 !y get !re by accid5t1 hav+ dropp$ f ! combs above4 ,!y seem n to und]/& t ! worm g5]ally travels on safe pr9ciples2 t is1 he atta*es a ?read to :atev] he travels ov]4 ,to be satisfi$ on ?is po9t1 ,i h _m times c>efully deta*$ 8 foot-hold1 :5 on ! side ( ! hive or o!r place1 :]e he w\ld fall a few in*es1 & always f\nd him ) a ?read fa/ at ! place he left1 to enable him to rega9 8 position if he *ose4 ,is x n probable1 !n1 t :5ev] he leaves ! combs = ! bottom-bo>d1 he c readily asc5d aga98 ,no d\bt he (t5 does1 to be driv5 d[n aga9 by ! bees4 ,n[1 :at ,i wi% to get at by all ?is preamble1 is simply ?is3 t all our tr\ble & worry+ to prev5t ! worms f aga9 asc5d+ to ! combs--by wire hooks1 wire p9s1 screws1 nails1 turn$ p9s1 clam-%ells1 blocks ( wood1 c41 is p]fect nons5se1 :5 half or m ( !m w\ld n h>m ! bees any m if !y did1 & might z well g !re z any :]e else4 ,besides1 ^! useless fix9s are v (t5 a positive injury to ! bees4 ,,objections ,,to ,,susp5d$ ,,bottom-,,bo>d4 ,suppose1 if y please1 t ! worm has no ?read atta*$ above1 & y\r bo>d is f> en\gh f ! bottom ( ! hive to prev5t 8 rea*+ x4 ,( c\rse1 he c't get up2 b h[ are y\r bees to d any bett]8 ,! worm c rea* z high z !y c4 ,! bee c fly up1 y ?9k2 s x w1 sometimes2 b w try a doz5 times fir/ to get up )\t1 & :5 x does1 x is a v bad position to />t f1 be+ a smoo? bo>d4 ,9 hot wea!r x does bett]4 ,did y ev] wat* by a hive ?us rais$1 9 ,april or ,may1 t[>ds night1 :5 x 0 a little cool1 & see ! indu/ri\s little insects arrive ) a load z heavy z !y c\ld possibly c>ry1 all *illy1 & ne>ly out ( brea?1 sc>cely able to rea* home1 & !re witness _! va9 attempts to get among _! fell[s above !m8 ,if y nev] witness$ ?is1 ,i wi% y w\ld take "s pa9s = x1 & :5 y f9d !m giv+ up 9 despair1 :5 too *illy to fly1 & p]i%+ aft] _m fruitless attempts = life1 ,i ?9k1 if y possess sympa?y1 b5evol5ce1 or ev5 selfi%ness1 y w be induc$ to d z ,i did--disc>d at once wire hooks & all else f "u ! hive 9 ! spr+1 & give ! bees1 :5 !y d get home ) a load1 "u su* circum/ances1 :at !y ri*ly des]ve1 & t is1 protection4 ,,advantage ,,( ,,! ,,hive ,,close ,,to ,,! ,,bo>d4 ,an in* hole 9 ! side ( ! hive1 a few in*es f ! bottom1 z a passage = ! bees1 is ne$$1 z ,i %all recomm5d lett+ ! hive close to ! bo>d2 x is ess5tial on acc\nt ( robb+2 also1 x is necess>y to conf9e z mu* z possible ! animal heat1 9 mo/ hives1 dur+ ! season ! bees are engag$ 9 re>+ "y brood2 & w>m? is necess>y to hat* ! eggs1 & develop ! l>vae2 we all "k t :5 ! hive is close1 less heat w pass (f ?an if rais$ an in*4 ,,objection ,,answ]$4 ,y object to ?is1 & tell me1 ! worms w get betwe5 ! bottom ( ! hive & ! bo>d4 ,well1 ,i ?9k !y w1 & :at !n8 ,:y ,i expect if y int5d to succe$1 t y w get !m out1 & cru% _! heads2 if y _c give z mu* att5tion z ?is1 bett] n keep !m1 or let "s "o h ! c>e ( !m t w4 ,i am z will+ to f9d a worm "u ! edge ( ! hive1 & dispat* x1 z to h x creep into "s place out ( sight1 & *ange to ! mo?4 ,i once trimm$ (f ! bottom ( my hives to a ?9 edge1 s !y did n h ?is place = _! cocoons1 b n[ pref] to h !m squ>e4 ,all pr(it is seldom obta9$ ) any?+4 ,if y plant a field ) corn1 y d n expect t ! :ole "w = ! crop is f9i%$4 ,nei!r %\ld y expect :5 y set up a /ock ( bees1 t a full yield w be realiz$ )\t some?+ m4 ,if y are remun]at$ by keep+ ! we$s f y\r corn1 be assur$ x is equally pr(itable to we$ out y\r bees4 ,,insuffici5cy ,,( ,,incl9$ ,,bottom-,,bo>d4 ,n[ d n be deceiv$ 9 ?is matt]1 & ?r\gh indol5ce be induc$ to get ^? hives ) desc5d+ bottom-bo>ds1 to ?r[ out ! worms z !y fall1 & hope by t means to get rid ( ! tr\ble2 7,i h already1 9 ano!r *apt]1 express$ d\bts ( ?is74 ,b we w n[ suppose su* desc5d+ bottom-bo>ds capable ( ?r[+ e worm t t\*es x heels ov] head to ! gr\nd2 :at h we ga9$8 ,8 neck is n brok51 nor any o!r bone ( 8 body6 ,z if no?+ extraord9>y _h happ5$1 he quietly ga!rs himself up1 & looks ab\t = snug qu>t]s2 he c>es n a fig = ! hive n[2 he gorm&iz$ on ! combs until satisfi$1 be=e he left !m1 & is glad to get away f ! bees any h[4 ,a place l>ge en\gh = a cocoon is easily f\nd1 & :5 he aga9 becomes desir\s ( visit+ ! hives1 x is n to satisfy 8 own wants1 b to accommodate 8 prog5y2 he is !n furni%$ ) w+s ample to c>ry him to any height t y *oose to put y\r bees4 ,a ,,mo? ,,c ,,g ,,:]e ,,bees ,,c4 ,a hive t is pro( aga9/ ! mo?1 is yet to be con/ruct$4 ,we frequ5tly he> ( !m1 b :5 !y come to be te/$1 someh[ ^! worms get :]e ! bees are4 ,:5 y\r hives become s full ( bees1 t !y cov] ! bo>d 9 a cool morn+1 ! worms w be seldom f\nd !re1 except "u ! edge ( ! hive4 ,,trap ,,to ,,cat* ,,worms4 ,y may n[ raise x1 b y may /ill cat* ! worms by lay+ "u ! bees a n>r[ %+le1 a /ick ( eld] split 9 two l5g?wise1 & ! pi? scrap$ out1 or any?+ else t w af=d !m protection f ! bees1 & :]e !y may sp9 _! cocoons4 ,^! %\ld be remov$ e few days1 & ! worms de/roy$1 & ! trap put back4 ,d n neglect x till !y *ange to ! mo?1 & y h no?+ b to remove ! empty cocoon4 ,,box ,,= ,,wr54 ,if y w\ld take ! tr\ble to put up a cage or two = ! wr5 to ne/ 91 he w\ld be a valuable assi/ant 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( y\r labor4 ,he w\ld be on ! look\t :5 y 7 away1 & _m worms1 :ile look+ up a hid+-place 9 "s corn]1 w\ld be reliev$ f all fur!r tr\ble by be+ deposit$ 9 8 crop4 ,! cage = him ne$ n be m ?an f\r in*es squ>e2 x may be fa/5$ ne> z possible to ! bees2 to a po/1 tree1 or side ( "s build+ a few feet high4 ,i h se5 ! skull ( "s animal 7horse or ox7 us$1 & is v conv5i5t = !m1 ! cavity = ! bra9s be+ us$ = ! ne/4 ,a p]son once told me ! wr5 w\ld n build 9 "o t he _h put up4 ,on exam9ation1 ! /ake to support x 0 f\nd driv5 into ! only entrance4 ,i m5tion ?is to %[ h[ little "s p und]/& :at !y d4 ,x is sometimes well en\gh to "k :y a ?+ is to be done1 z to "k x mu/ be done4 ,i c\ld tell y to d a great _m ?+s1 b !n y w\ld l to "k :y1 !n h[ to d x4 ,n[ if ?is prolixity is unnecess>y = y1 ano!r may ne$ x4 ,y mu/ rememb] ,i am endeavor+ to tea* "s few to keep bees1 :o are n ov] suppli$ ) +5uity4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,putt+ ,,on ,,& ,,tak+ ,,(f ,,boxes4 ,putt+ on boxes may be consid]$ a duty int]m$iate betwe5 spr+ & summ] managem5t4 ,i _c recomm5d putt+ !m on z e>ly z ! la/ ( ,april1 or fir/ ( ,may1 9 ord9>y circum/ances4 ,x is possible to f9d a case t x w\ld be be/4 ,b be=e ! hive is full ( bees x is g5]ally useless1 v likely a disadvantage1 by all[+ a portion ( animal heat to escape t is ne$$ 9 ! hive to mature ! brood4 ,also1 moi/ure may accumulate until ! inside m\lds1 c4 ,"s exp]i5ce & judgm5t is necess>y to "k ab\t :at "t boxes are ne$$4 ,t boxes are ne$$ at ! prop] season1 ,i ?9k ,i %all n ne$ an argum5t to conv9ce any "o1 9 ! pres5t day4 ,bee-keep]s h g5]ally disc>d$ ! b>b>\s practice ( kill+ ! bees to obta9 ! honey4 ,_m ( !m h le>n$ t a good sw>m w /ore suffici5t honey = w9t]1 besides sev]al doll>s wor? z pr(it 9 boxes4 ,,advantage ,,( ,,! ,,pat5t ,,v5d]4 ,"h is :]e ! pat5t v5d] has tak5 ! advantage ( our ignorance1 by pret5d+ t no o!r hive b 8 ev] obta9$ su* quantities1 or s pure 9 quality4 ,,"t ,,( ,,putt+ ,,on--,,rule4 ,x is probable a great _m read]s w ne$ ! necess>y obs]vation to tell precisely :5 ! hive is full ( honey2 x may be full ( bees1 & n ( honey4 ,& yet ! only rule t ,i c give to be g5]ally appli$1 is1 :5 ! bees beg9 to be cr[d$ out1 b a day or two be=e w\ld be j ! "r "t1 t is1 :5 !y are obta9+ honey--7= x %\ld be rememb]$ t !y d n always get honey :5 beg9n+ to clu/] out74 ,?is guide w d 9 place ( a bett] "o1 :i* close obs]vation & exp]i5ce only c give4 ,by obs]v+ a glass hive att5tively1 9 ^? cells t t\* ! glass on ! edge ( ! combs1 :5ev] honey is be+ deposit$ "h abundantly1 x is q evid5t t ! fl[]s are yield+ x j !n1 & o!r /ocks are obta9+ x also4 ,n[ is ! "t1 if any clu/] out1 to put on ! boxes4 ,:5 boxes are made z ,i h recomm5d$1 t is1 ! size conta9+ #cfj solid in*es1 x is advisable to put on only "o at fir/2 :5 ?is is full ei!r ( bees or honey1 & yet bees are cr[d$ outside1 ! o!r c be add$4 ,?is is be=e sw>m+2 too mu* room might ret>d ! sw>m+ a few days1 b if cr[d$ outside1 x indicates want ( room1 & ! boxes c make b little diff]5ce4 ,x is bett] to h "o box well fill$ ?an two half full1 :i* might be ! case if ! bees 7 n num]\s4 ,! object ( putt+ on boxes be=e sw>m+1 is to employ a portion ( ! bees1 t o!rwise w\ld rema9 idly clu/]+ outside two or ?ree weeks1 z !y (t5 d1 :ile prep>+ ! "y que5s = sw>m+4 ,b :5 all ! bees c be pr(itably engag$ 9 ! body ( ! hive1 m room is unnecess>y4 ,,mak+ ,,holes ,,aft] ,,! ,,hive ,,is ,,full4 ,:5ev] x is requir$ to put boxes on a hive t has no holes ?r\gh ! top1 x ne$ n prev5t y\r gett+ a few p\nds ( ! pure/ honey t may be _h1 j z well z to h a portion ( ! bees idle4 ,i always endeavor to asc]ta9 9 :at direction ! %eets ( comb are made1 & !n m>k (f ! r[ ( holes on ! top1 at "r angles ) !m4 ,,advantage ,,( ,,prop] ,,arrangem5t4 ,two in*es be+ ne>ly ! "r di/ance1 ea* "o w be s made t a bee arriv+ at ! top ( ! hive betwe5 any two %eets w be able to f9d a passage into ! box1 )\t ! task ( a long se>* = x2 :i* ,i c imag9e to be ! case :5 only "o hole = a passage is made1 or :5 ! r[ ( holes is p>allel ) ! combs4 ,a hive might conta9 eight or t5 %eets ( comb1 & a bee desir\s ( ent]+ ! box might g up betwe5 any two1 _m times1 be=e x f\nd ! passage4 ,x has be5 urg$ t e bee soon le>ns all passages & places ab\t ! hive1 & consequ5tly w "k ! direct road to ! box4 ,?is may be true1 b :5 we recollect t all )9 ! hive is p]fect d>kness--t ?is pa? mu/ be f\nd by ! s5se ( feel+ alone--t ?is s5se mu/ be its guide 9 all its future travels--t p]haps a ?\s& or two "y work]s are add$ e week1 & ^! h to le>n by ! same means--x w\ld seem1 if we /udi$ our own int]e/1 we w\ld give !m all ! facility possible = ent]+ ! boxes4 ,:at way s easy = !m z to h a passage1 :5 !y get to ! top1 betwe5 ea* comb8 ,t bees d n "k all roads ab\t ! hive1 c be p>tially prov$ by op5+ ! door ( a glass hive4 ,mo/ ( ! bees ab\t leav+1 in/ead ( go+ to ! bottom = _! exit1 :]e !y h dep>t$ _m times1 seem to "k no?+ ( ! way1 b va9ly try to get out ?r\gh ! glass1 :5ev] light is admitt$4 ,i am s well conv9c$ ( ?is1 t ,i take "s pa9s to accommodate !m ) a passage betwe5 ea* comb2 !y w !n at lea/ lose no "t by mi/akes betwe5 ! wrong combs1 cr[d+ & elb[+ _! way back ?r\gh a d5se mass ( bees :i* imp$e e /ep1 until aga9 at ! top p]haps betwe5 ! same combs1 p]haps "r1 p]haps f>!r (f ?an at fir/2 :5 ,i suppose !y try x aga92 z boxes are fill$ sometimes "u j su* circum/ances4 ,to assi/ !m z mu* z possible1 :5 new hives are us$ = sw>ms1 ,i wait till ! hive is ne>ly fill$ be=e mak+ ! holes to asc]ta9 ! direction ( ! combs4 ,we all "k x is unc]ta9 :i* way ! combs w be built1 :5 ! sw>m is put 91 unless guide-combs are us$4#ae ,:5 holes are made be=e ! bees are put 91 guide-combs z direct$ = boxes %\ld be put 92 7( c\rse !y %\ld cross at "r angles ! r[ ( holes74 #ae ,p]haps ,m9]'s cross-b> hive w\ld d x4 ,,directions ,,= ,,bor+ ,,holes ,,9 ,,full ,,/ocks4 ,to make holes 9 ! top aft] ! combs are made1--,m>k out ! top z direct$ = mak+ hives & boxes4 ,a c5tre bit or an aug] bit ) a lip or b>b is be/1 z t cuts d[n a little fa/] ?an ! *ip is tak5 out1 leav+ x smoo?2 :5 ne>ly ?r\gh1 a po9t$ knife c cut ! rema9d] ( ! *ip loose1 & x c be tak5 out2 if x is betwe5 ! combs1 x is well2 if directly ov] ! c5tre ( "o1 x is a little bett]2 ) ! knife take out a piece z l>ge z a walnut2 ev5 if honey is 9 x1 no h>m w be done4 ,! bees w !n h a passage ?r\gh f ei!r side ( ! comb4 ,aft] y h op5$ "o hole1 v likely ! bees w want to see :at is go+ on ov] head1 & walk out to reconnoitre4 ,to prev5t _! int]f]5ce1 use "s tobacco-smoke1 & s5d !m d[n out ( y\r way1 till y\r hole is f9i%$4 ,n[ lay ov] ?is a small /one or block ( wood1 & make ! o!rs 9 ! same way4 ,:5 all are done1 bl[ 9 "s smoke z y uncov] !m1 & put on y\r box4 ,?is process is n half s =midable z x appe>s2 ,i h 9 ?is way bor$ hundr$s4 ,y w rememb] my hives are n z high z _m o!rs keep !m1 !y are 9 ab\t z conv5i5t a position z ,i c get !m4 ,?is me?od saves me ! tr\ble ( /ick+ ! guide-combs 9 my hives2 also1 ! necessity ( cov]+ or /opp+ ! holes4 ,dr4 ,bevan & "s o!rs h made a cross-b> hive1 in/ead ( nail+ on a top 9 ! usual way2 a half-in* bo>d ( ! "r l5g? is cut into /rips1 "s ov] an in* wide1 & half an in* ap>t1 across ! top4 ,x is pla9 t 9 su* a hive a bee c pass into ! box :5ev] x arrives at ! top1 )\t difficulty4 ,i w "h repeat ! objection to all[+ too mu* room1 to pass into ! boxes1 t y may see ! disadvantages ( ! extremes ( too little & too mu* room4 ,9 ^! cross-b> hives1 ! animal heat rises into ! box f ! ma9 hive1 mak+ x z w>m z bel[2 ! que5 goes up ) ! bees1 & f9d+ x w>m & conv5i5t = bre$+1 deposits h] eggs2 & "y brood z well z honey is f\nd !re4 ,:5 we ?9k x full1 x is !n indisp5sable to return x1 if tak5 (f1 till !y hat*1 7o!rwise !y spoil x by m\ld+71 :i* makes ! combs d>k1 t\gh1 c4 ,ano!r objection to su* op5 tops is1 t op5 bottom boxes mu/ be us$1 :i* are n half z neat = m>ket4 ,,to ,,be ,,tak5 ,,(f ,,:5 ,,fill$4 ,?is advantage att5ds glass boxes3 :ile be+ fill$1 ! progress c be wat*$ till f9i%$1 :5 !y %\ld be tak5 (f to pres]ve ! purity ( ! combs4 ,e day ! bees are all[$ to run ov] !m1 r5d]s !m d>k]4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 our bees are a long "t fill+ a box1 x is n z purely :ite z :5 fill$ exp$iti\sly4 ,,"t ,,tak5 ,,to ,,fill ,a ,,box4 ,two weeks is ! %orte/ "t ,i ev] _h any fill$ & f9i%$4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds on ! yield ( honey1 & size ( ! sw>m2 ?ree or f\r weeks are usually tak5 = ! purpose4 ,i h be=e said t ! fir/ yield ( honey ne>ly fails 9 ?is section1 usually ab\t ! #bj? ( ,july2 !re are "s v>iations1 lat] or e>li]1 accord+ to ! season4 ,9 o!r places x may be mu* lat]4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,take ,,(f ,,boxes ,,"p ,,full4 ,x c be asc]ta9$ by occasionally rais+ ! cov] to y\r glass boxes4 ,:5 no m is be+ add$1 all boxes t are wor? ! tr\ble %\ld be tak5 (f2 if left long] ! comb gets d>k]1 & su* cells ( honey z are n seal$ ov]1 7& sometimes ! majority are su*17 ! bees g5]ally remove d[n into ! hive4 ,,tobacco ,,smoke ,,pref]r$ ,,to ,,slides4 ,:5 boxes are to be tak5 (f1 if a slide ( t91 z9c1 c41 is us$ to close ! holes1 "s ( ! bees are apt to be cru%$1 o!rs w f9d !mselves m9us a head1 leg1 or abdom51 & all ( !m be irritable = sev]al days4 ,a little tobacco smoke is pref]able1 z x keeps all quiet4 ,j raise ! box to be tak5 (f suffici5t to puff "u x "s smoke1 & ! bees w leave ! vic9ity ( ! holes 9 an in/ant2 ! box c !n be remov$1 & ano!r put on if necess>y1 )\t excit+ _! ang] 9 ! lea/4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,dispos+ ,,( ,,! ,,bees ,,9 ,,! ,,boxes4 ,ar\se ! bees by /rik+ ! box lightly f\r or five times4 ,if all ! cells are f9i%$1 & honey is /ill obta9$1 turn ! box bottom up1 ne> ! hive f :i* x 0 tak51 s t ! bees c ent] x )\t fly+2 by ?is means y c save sev]al "y bees1 t h nev] left ! hive & m>k$ ! location1 & a few o!rs too weak to fly1 b w foll[ ! o!rs into ! hive2 7su* are lo/ :5 we are oblig$ to c>ry !m at a di/ance47 ,boxes c be tak5 (f ei!r 9 ! morn+ or ev5+2 if 9 ! morn+1 x may /& sev]al h\rs :5 ! sun is n too hot1 b on no acc\nt let x /& 9 ! sun 9 ! middle ( ! day1 z ! combs w melt4 ,! bees w all leave1 sometimes 9 an h\r2 at o!rs !y w n be out 9 ?ree4 ,!y may be tak5 (f at ev5+ & /& till morn+1 9 fair wea!r2 if n too cool1 !y are g5]ally all out2 b "h is "s risk ( ! mo? f9d+ x & deposit+ h] eggs2 p]haps "o 9 fifty may be ?us f\nd4 ,,bees ,,dispos$ ,,to ,,c>ry ,,away ,,honey4 ,:5 boxes are tak5 (f at ! end ( ! honey season1 a diff]5t me?od ( gett+ rid ( ! bees mu/ be adopt$1 or we lose our honey4 ,unless ! combs are all f9i%$1 we lose "s !n any way1 z mo/ ( ! bees fill !mselves be=e leav+2 !y c>ry x home & return = m imm$iately1 & take x all1 if n prev5t$4 ,x has be5 recomm5d$ to take x to "s d>k room ) a small op5+ to let ! bees out2 9 ! c\rse ( ! day !y w sometimes all leave2 b ?is me?od ,i h f\nd unsafe1 z !y sometimes f9d ! way back4 ,:5 a l>ge numb] ( boxes are to be manag$1 a m exp$iti\s mode is1 to h a l>ge box ) close jo9ts1 or an empty hog%ead1 or a few b>rels ) "o head out1 set 9 "s conv5i5t place2 put ! boxes 91 "o above ano!r1 b n 9 a mann] to /op ! holes2 ov] ! top ?r[ a %eet ( "o ?ickness1 a ?9 "o is be/1 z x w let ?r\gh m light4 ,! bees w leave ! boxes1 creep to ! top1 & get on ! %eet2 take ?is (f & turn x ov] a few times2 9 ?is way all may be got rid ( )\t ! possibility ( c>ry+ (f mu* honey4 ,all t "k ! way w return to ! hive1 b a few "y ones are lo/4 ,,n ,,dispos$ ,,to ,,/+4 ,!y seldom (f] to /+ dur+ ?is "p ( ! op]ation1 ev5 :5 ! box is tak5 (f )\t tobacco smoke1 & c>ri$ away f ! hive2 aft] a little "t1 ! bees f9d+ !mselves away f home1 lose all animosity4 ,z honey becomes sc>ce1 less brood is re>$2 a great _m cells t !y occupi$ are soon empty2 also1 sev]al cells t conta9$ honey h be5 dra9$1 & us$ to mature ! portion ( brood j />t$ at ! "t ( ! failure4 ,we c n[ und]/&1 or ?9k we d1 :y our be/ /ocks t are v heavy1 t b a few days be=e 7 cr[d$ = room & /or+ 9 boxes1 are n[ eag] = honey to /ore 9 ! hive2 z !re is abundant room = sev]al p\nds4 ,!y w quickly remove to ! hive ! cont5ts ( any box left expos$2 or ev5 risk _! lives by ent]+ a neighbor+ hive = x2 aft] be+ all[$ to make a beg9n+1 "u su* circum/ances4 ,,rule4 ,dur+ a yield ( honey1 take (f boxes z fa/ z !y are fill$1 & put on empty ones4 ,at ! end ( ! season take all (f4 ,n "o /ock 9 a hundr$ w />ve t has work$ 9 boxes1 t is1 :5 ! hive is ! prop] size1 & full be=e add+ ! boxes1 unless robb$ or o!r casualty4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,secur+ ,,honey ,,f ,,! ,,mo?4 ,,two ,,?+s ,,to ,,be ,,prev5t$4 ,:5 ! boxes are free f ! bees1 two ?+s are to be prev5t$1 if we wi% to save our honey till cold wea!r4 ,"o is to keep out ! worms1 ! o!r to prev5t s\r+4 ,! la/ may be new to _m1 b "s few ( u h _h x caus$ by dampness 9 w>m wea!r4 ,! combs become cov]$ ) moi/ure1 a portion ( ! honey becomes ?9 l wat]1 & in/ead ( ! sac*>9e qualities we h ! acid4 ,rem$y3 keep p]fectly dry & cool1 if y c1 b dry at any rate4 ,,apt ,,to ,,be ,,deceiv$ ,,ab\t ,,! ,,worms4 ,b ! worms1 y c surely keep !m out1 y ?9k1 s9ce y c seal up ! boxes p]fectly close1 prev5t+ ! mo? or ev5 ! smalle/ ant f ent]+6 ,yes1 y may d ?is effectually1 b ! worms w (t5 be !re someh[1 unless 9 a v l[ temp]ature1 su* z a v cool cell>1 or 9 h\se1 & !n y h dampness to gu>d aga9/4 ,i h a little exp]i5ce 9 ?is matt] t spoils y\r !ory entirely4 ,i h tak5 (f glass j>s1 & wat*$ !m till ! bees 7 all out1 & 0 c]ta9 ! mo? did n come ne> !m1 !n imm$iately seal$ !m up2 absolutely prev5t+ access aft]w>ds1 7,i c\ld d ?is ) a j> m effectually ?an a box :i* is made ( sev]al pieces17 ,i !n felt q sure t ,i 0 ahead1 & %\ld h no tr\ble ) ! worms1 z _h (t5 be5 ! case be=e4 ,i 0 sadly mi/ak54 ,,_! ,,progress ,,describ$4 ,9 a few days1 ,i c\ld see at fir/ a little :ite du/1 l fl\r1 on ! side ( ! combs1 & on ! bottom ( ! j>4 ,z ! worms grew l>g]1 ?is du/ 0 co>s]4 ,by look+ closely at ! combs1 a small :ite ?read-l l9e 0 fir/ p]ceptible1 enl>g+ z ! worm progress$4 ,:5 combs are fill$ ) honey1 !y g only on ! surface1 eat+ no?+ b ! seal+ ( ! cells2 seldom p5etrat+ to ! c5tre1 )\t an empty cell to give ! *ance4 ,disgu/+ z !y seem to be1 !y dislike be+ daub$ ) honey4 ,wax1 & n honey1 is _! food4 ,! read] w\ld l to "k h[ ^! worms came 9 ! j>s1 :51 to all appe>ance1 x 0 a physical impossibility4 ,i w\ld l to tell positively1 b _c4 ,b ,i w guess1 if y w all[ x4 ,i w fir/ premise1 t ,i d n suppose !y are g5]at$ spontane\sly6 ,_! be+ f\nd !re1 !n1 w\ld indicate "s ag5t or means n readily p]ceiv$4 ,a ,,solution ,,(f]$4 ,! hypo!sis t ,i (f] is orig9al & new1 & !re=e op5 = criticism2 if !re is a bett] way to acc\nt = ! my/]y1 ,i w\ld be glad to "k x4 ,f ! fir/ ( ,june till late 9 ! fall1 ! mo? may be f\nd ar\nd our hives1 active at night1 b /ill 9 ! day4 ,! only object probably is to f9d a suitable place to deposit its eggs1 t ! "y may h food2 if no prop] & conv5i5t place is f\nd1 :y1 ,i suppose x w take up ) su* z x c f9d2 _! eggs mu/ be deposit$ some:]e1 x may be 9 ! cracks 9 ! hive1 9 ! du/ at ! bottom1 or outside1 z ne> ! entrance z !y d>e approa*4 ,! bees runn+ ov] !m may get "o or m ( ^! eggs atta*$ to _! feet or bodies1 & c>ry x among ! combs1 :]e x may be left to hat*4 ,x is n at all probable t ! mo? ev] pass$ ?r\gh ! hive among ! bees1 to deposit h] eggs 9 ! j>s be=e m5tion$4 ,_h ^! j>s be5 left on ! hive1 n a worm w\ld h ev] defac$ a comb2 because1 :5 ! bees are num]\s1 ea* worm z soon z x comm5ces its "w ( de/ruction w be remov$1 t is1 :5 x works on ! surface1 z 9 ! boxes ( honey--9 bre$+ combs1 !y get 9 ! c5tre & are m difficult to remove4 ,by tak+ (f ^! j>s & remov+ ! bees1 x gave all ! eggs t happ5$ to be !re a fair *ance4 ,_m writ]s f9d+ ! combs undi/urb$ :5 left on ! hive till cold wea!r1 recomm5d t z ! only safe way1 pref]r+ to h ! combs a little d>k]1 ?an ! risk ( be+ de/roy$ by ! worms4 ,b ,i object to d>k combs1 & leav+ ! boxes w effectually prev5t empty ones tak+ _! places1 :i* are necess>y to get all ! pr(its4 ,i w (f] a few m rem>ks 9 favor ( my !ory1 & !n give my rem$y = ! worms4 ,i h f\nd 9 all hives :]e ! bees h be5 remov$ 9 w>m wea!r1 say betwe5 ! middle ( ,june & ,septemb]1 7& x has be5 a great _m17 mo? eggs en\gh among ! combs to de/roy !m 9 a v %ort "t1 unless kept 9 a v cool place2 ?is result has be5 uni=m4 ,any p]son d\bt+ ?is1 may remove ! bees f a hive t is full ( combs 9 ,july or ,augu/2 & close x to prev5t ! possibility ( a mo? ent]+1 set x away 9 a temp]ature rang+ f sixty to n9ety1 & if !re are n worms en\gh to satisfy him t ?is is correct1 he w h bett] success ?an ,i ev] did4 ,yet1 no su* result w foll[1 :5 ! bees are left among ! combs1 unless ! sw>m be v small2 !n ! injury done w be 9 proportion4 ,a /rong /ock may h z _m mo? eggs among ! combs z a weak "o1 yet "o w be sc>cely injur$1 :ile ! o!r may be ne>ly or q de/roy$4 ,n[1 if ?is !ory be correct1 & ! bees d actually c>ry ^! eggs among ! combs1 is !re n a great deal ( lo/ labor 9 try+ to con/ruct a mo?-pro( hive8 ,! mo?1 or r ! worms1 are ev] pres5t to dev\r ! combs1 :5ev] ! bees h left !m 9 ?is season4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,kill+ ,,worms ,,9 ,,boxes4 ,n[1 :e!r y are satisfi$ or n ) ! =ego+1 we w proce$ ) ! rem$y4 ,p]haps y may f9d "o box 9 t5 t w h no worms ab\t x1 o!rs may conta9 f "o to tw5ty :5 !y h be5 (f a week or m4 ,all ! eggs %\ld h a *ance to hat*1 :i* 9 cool wea!r may be ?ree weeks4 ,!y %\ld be wat*$1 t no worms get l>ge en\gh to injure ! combs mu*1 be=e !y are de/roy$4 ,get a close b>rel or box t w exclude ! air z mu* z possible2 9 ?is put ! boxes1 ) ! holes or bottom op54 ,9 "o corn] leave a place = a cup or di% ( "s k9d1 to hold "s sulphur mat*es :ile burn+4 7,!y are made by dipp+ pap] or rags 9 melt$ sulphur47 ,:5 all is ready1 ignite ! mat*es1 & cov] close = sev]al h\rs4 ,a little c>e is requir$ to h x j "r3 if too little is us$1 ! worms are n kill$2 if too mu*1 x gives ! combs a gre5 color4 ,a little exp]i5ce w soon enable y to judge4 ,if ! worms are n kill$ on ! fir/ trial1 ano!r dose mu/ be adm9i/]$4 ,mu* less sulphur w adh]e to pap] or rags1 if x is v hot1 :5 dipp$1 ?an :5 j above ! temp]ature necess>y to melt x2 ?is %\ld be consid]$1 z well z ! numb] ( boxes to be smok$1 size ( ! vessel us$ 9 smok+ !m1 c4 ,:e!r ?is gas f burn+ sulphur w de/roy ! eggs ( ! mo? be=e ! worm appe>s1 ,i h n te/$ suffici5tly to decide2 b ,i d "k t x is an effectual quietus = ! l>vae6 ,,freez+ ,,de/roys ,,!m4 ,boxes tak5 (f at ! end ( w>m wea!r1 & expos$ 9 a freez+ situation ?r\gh ! w9t]1 appe> to h all ! worms z well z eggs = !m de/roy$ by ! cold2 consequ5tly1 all boxes s expos$1 may be kept any l5g? ( "t2 ! only c>e be+ necess>y1 to %ut out ! mo? effectually4 ,b don't =get to look out = all combs f :i* ! bees h be5 remov$ 9 w>m wea!r4 ,i pref] tak+ (f all boxes at ! end ( ! fir/ yield ( honey1 ev5 :5 ,i expect to put !m on aga9 = buck:eat honey4 ,! bees at ?is season collect a great abundance ( propolis1 :i* !y spread ov] ! inside ( ! boxes z well z hive2 9 "s in/ances x is spread on ! glass s ?ick z to prev5t ! quality ( honey be+ se54 ,!re is no necessity = boxes on a hive at any season :5 !re is no yield ( honey to fill !m4 ,sometimes ev5 9 a yield ( buck:eat honey1 a /ock may conta9 too few bees to fill boxes1 b j a few may g into !m & put on ! propolis2 ?is %\ld n be all[$1 z x makes x look bad :5 us$ ano!r ye>4 ,at ?is season1 7,augu/7 "s old /ocks may be full ( combs1 & b few bees1 b sw>ms :5 !y h got ! hive full 9 "t1 are v sure to h bees en\gh to g into ! boxes to "w4 ,i h kn[n !m to d s 9 ?ree weeks aft] be+ hiv$4 ,,objection ,,to ,,us+ ,,boxes ,,be=e ,,! ,,hive ,,is ,,full4 ,"s put on boxes at ! "t ( hiv+ ! bees4 ,9 su* cases ! box is (t5 fill$ fir/1 & ne>ly z (t5 w conta9 brood4 ,i consid] x no advantage1 & (t5 a damage to d s2 z ,i want ! hive full any way--& !n if !y h "t let !m into boxes1 al?\gh x may be buck:eat1 in/ead ( clov] honey t we get4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,sw>m+4 ,,"t ,,to ,,expect ,,!m4 ,! season = regul> sw>ms 9 ?is section1 ,i h kn[n to comm5ce ! #ae? ( ,may1 & 9 "s seasons ! #a/ ( ,july4 ,! end is ab\t ! #ae? ( ! latt] mon?1 ) "s exceptions4 ,i h _h "o z late z ! #ba/2 also a few buck:eat sw>ms betwe5 ! #ab? & #be? ( ,augu/4 ,! subject n[ be=e u is "o ( ?rill+ int]e/4 ,to ! api>ian ! prospect ( an increase ( /ocks is suffici5t to create "s int]e/1 ev5 :5 ! ph5om5on ( sw>m+ w\ld fail to awak5 x4 ,b to ! naturali/ ?is season has *>ms t ! indiff]5t behold] c nev] realize4 ,,all ,,bee-,,keep]s ,,%\ld ,,und]/& ,,x ,,z ,,x ,,is4 ,z a guide 9 _m cases1 x is important t ! practical api>ian %\ld und]/& ?is matt] z x is1 & n z said to be by _m au?ors4 ,i %all be "u ! necessity ( diff]+ f ne>ly all 9 _m po9ts4 ,,means ,,( ,,und]/&+ ,,x4 ,?is is ano!r case ( :5 doctors disagree1 :o %all decide8 ,y1 read]1 are j ! p]son4 ,!re is no ne$ ( a doctor at all 9 ?is matt]4 ,i w endeavor to give a te/ = mo/ ( my ass]tions4 ,to make ?is subject z pla9 z possible 9 ?is place1 ,i may repeat "s ?+s said be=e4 ,! facts relat$ h come "u my own obs]vation4 ,i h probably tak5 m pa9s ?an mo/ bee-keep]s1 to und]/& ?is matt] to ! bottom f ! beg9n+1 7,i mean ! bottom ( ! cells74 ,b few api>ians h made ! numb] ( exam9ations t ,i h to get at ! modus op]&i ( sw>m+4 ,p]haps ,i ought n to expect full cr$it = v]acity1 :5 ,i assure ! read] t ,i h inv]t$ m ?an "o hundr$ /ocks to get a peep at ! royal cells1 "s ( !m ne> a doz5 times 9 "o summ]4 ,i h inv]t$ !m frequ5tly = ! purpose ( obta9+ cells4 ,b g5]ally to see :5 su* cells are be+ made1 :5 !y conta9 eggs1 :5 ^! eggs are suffici5tly matur$ = sw>m+1 or ab&on$ & de/roy$1 c4 ,by ^! signs ,i pr$ict ) c]ta9ty 7almo/7 :5 to expect sw>ms1 & :5 to cease look+ = !m4 ,,inv]t+ ,a ,,/ock ,,r ,,=midable ,,at ,,fir/4 ,to a p]son t has nev] inv]t$ a hive full ( bees1 ev5 to ov]fl[+1 or nev] has se5 x done1 x appe>s l a great und]tak+1 z well z ! probability ( ru9+ ! /ock6 ,b aft] ! fir/ trial1 ! magnitude ( ! p]=mance is greatly dim9i%$1 & w gr[ less ) e repetition ( ! feat1 until !re is n ! lea/ dread att5d+ x4 ,)\t tobacco smoke ,i h>dly ?9k x practicable1 b ) x1 !re is n ! lea/ difficulty4 ,x w\ld be v unsatisfactory to turn ov] a hive & no?+ to drive ! bees away f ! v places on ! combs t y wi% p>ticul>ly to inspect4 ,! smoke is j ! ?+ to d x6 ,z = ! bad effects ( su* ov]turn+ & smok+1 ,i nev] discov]$ any4 ,,requisites ,,be=e ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,que5',s ,,cells4 ,i h f\nd ! process = all regul> sw>ms some?+ l ?is3 be=e !y comm5ce1 two or ?ree ?+s are requisite4 ,! combs mu/ be cr[d$ ) bees2 !y mu/ conta9 a num]\s brood advanc+ f ! egg to maturity2 ! bees mu/ be obta9+ honey ei!r by be+ f$ or f fl[]s4 ,be+ cr[d$ ) bees 9 a sc>ce "t ( honey is insuffici5t to br+ out ! sw>m1 nei!r is an abundance suffici5t1 )\t ! bees & ! brood4 ,! p]iod t all ^! requisites happ5 toge!r1 & rema9 long en\gh1 w v>y ) diff]5t /ocks1 & _m times d n happ5 at all ?r\gh ! season1 ) "s4 ,^! causes !n appe> to produce a few que5-cells1 g5]ally begun be=e ! hive is fill$1 7sometimes :5 only half full1 b usually rema9 z rudim5ts till ! next ye>1 :5 ! =ego+ conditions ( ! /ock may require _! use74 ,,/ate ,,( ,,que5',s ,,cell ,,:5 ,,us$4 ,!y are ab\t half f9i%$1 :5 !y receive ! eggs2 z ^! eggs hat* into l>vae1 o!rs are begun1 & receive eggs at diff]5t p]iods = sev]al days lat]4 ,! numb] ( su* cells seem to be gov]n$ by ! prosp]ity ( ! bees3 :5 ! family is num]\s1 & ! yield ( honey abundant1 !y may am\nt to tw5ty1 at o!r times p]haps n m ?an two or ?ree2 al?\gh sev]al su* cells may rema9 empty4 ,i h already said t a failure1 7or ev5 a p>tial "o71 9 ! yield ( honey at any "t f ! deposit+ ( royal eggs till ! seal+ ( ! cells1 7:i* is ab\t t5 days71 w\ld be likely to br+ ab\t _! de/ruction4 ,ev5 aft] be+ seal$1 ,i h f\nd a few in/ances :]e !y 7 de/roy$4 ,,/ate ,,:5 ,,sw>ms ,,issue4 ,b :5 !re is no?+ prec>i\s ab\t ! honey1 ! seal+ ( ^! cells is ! "t to expect ! fir/ sw>m1 :i* w g5]ally issue ! fir/ fair day aft] "o or m are f9i%$4 ,i nev] miss$ a pr$iction = a sw>m #dh h\rs1 :5 ,i h judg$ f ^! signs1 9 a prosp]\s season4 ,:5 !re is a p>tial failure ( honey1 ! sw>m sometimes w wait sev]al days aft] f9i%+ !m4 ,,clu/]+ ,,outside ,,n ,,always ,,to ,,be ,,dep5d$ ,,^u4 ,! clu/]+ out ( ! bees ,i f9d b a poor crit]ion to judge f1 fur!r ?an full hives d sw>m--_m su* d n4 ,,exam9ations--,,! ,,result4 ,i w detail a few circum/ances1 t h l$ to ^! conclusions4 ,"s ye>s ago ! honey began to fail1 :5 only ab\t "o ?ird ( my good /ocks _h ca/ sw>ms2 & all at once1 ! issues began to be few & f> betwe54 ,i _h previ\sly exam9$1 & f\nd !y _h gone into prep>ations pretty ext5sively2 by hav+ n only con/ruct$ cells1 b occupi$ !m ) royal eggs & l>vae4 ,n[ ,i exam9$ aga91 & f\nd five out ( six _h de/roy$ !m1 7at ! same "t ! bees clu/]$ out ext5sively74 ,?is put an end to all hopes ( sw>ms "h4 ,"s few _h f9i%$ _! cells1 & ^!1 ,i _h "s hopes1 w\ld s5d out ! sw>ms2 b ! dry wea!r caus$ "s misgiv+s4 ,aft] wait+ ?ree or f\r days & none com+1 ,i f\nd ^! seal$ cells de/roy$ also1 & _h no m sw>ms t season4 ,subsequ5t obs]vations h fully confirm$ ^! ?+s4 ,"o season "s ( ! hives comm5c$ prep>ations at two diff]5t p]iods1 & !n ab&on$ !m )\t sw>m+ at all1 ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,! fir/ "t x 0 ! la/ ( ,may1 ! next 9 ,july4 ,,rem>ks4 ,! failure ( honey 0 ! cause1 )\t any d\bt4 ,& :o %all say1 ^! bees 7 n wise 9 _! conduct8 ,:at prud5t man w\ld emigrate ) a family1 if ! prospect ( a fam9e 0 pla9ly indicat$1 :51 by rema9+ at home1 !re 0 en\gh1 at lea/ = ! pres5t8 ,:o c help b admire ?is wise & beautiful arrangem5t8 ,! combs mu/ conta9 brood2 ! bees mu/ f9d honey dur+ ! re>+ ( ! que5s4 ,if a sw>m 7 to issue ! mom5t ( obta9+ honey1 ! consequ5ce might be fatal1 z !re w\ld n be a num]\s brood to hat* out1 & repl5i% ! old /ock ) bees suffici5t to keep out ! worms4 ,7 !y to issue at any "t1 z soon z ! bees _h increas$ en\gh 9 numb]s to sp>e a sw>m1 )\t reg>d to ! yield ( honey1 !y might />ve4 ,,conflict+ ,,!ories4 ,i f9d _m !ories conflict+ ) ^! views1 :i* appe> to call = "s rem>ks4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t a "y que5 mu/ be matur$ to issue ) ! sw>ms1 & ! old "o ) ! old bees are p]man5t resid5ts ( ! old hive4 ,,bo? ,,old ,,& ,,"y ,,leave ,,) ,,sw>ms4 ,x is probable t no rule gov]ns ! issue ( work]s4 ,old & "y come out promiscu\sly4 ,t old bees come out may be kn[n sometimes1 by s _m leav+1 t n a qu>t] z _m w be left1 z comm5c$ "w 9 ! spr+4 ,t "y bees leave1 any "o may be satisfi$ on see+ a sw>m issue2 a great _m too "y & weak to fly w drop d[n 9 front ( ! hive1 hav+ come out n[ = ! fir/ "t1 & p]haps "s ( !m _h n be5 out ( ! cell an h\r2 ^! v "y bees are kn[n by ! color4 ,,cause ,,( ,,! ,,que5',s ,,inability ,,to ,,fly ,,sugge/$4 ,! old que5 (t5 gets d[n 9 ! same way2 b ,i w\ld assign ano!r cause = h] inability to fly2 t is1 ,i w\ld sugge/ x to be h] burd5 ( eggs4 ,,evid5ce ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,que5',s ,,leav+4 ,t ! old que5 does leave ) ! fir/ sw>m is indicat$ by sev]al ?+s3 "o is1 eggs may (t5 be f\nd on ! bo>d ! next morn+2 ano!r1 :5 ! fir/ sw>m has left1 & be=e any ( ^! royal cells hat*1 ! bees may be driv5 out & no que5 w be f\nd1 or y may drive out ! bees at ! end ( ?ree weeks1 & ! brood ( work]s w be ab\t all hat*$1 ! drone brood n q z ne>4 ,! combs may also conta9 "s eggs1 & p]haps "s v "y l>vae1 t h be5 deposit$ by ! "y que51 :i* beg9s to lay usually sixte5 or eighte5 days aft] ! fir/ sw>m4 ,?is %[s a cessation ( lay+ eggs = ab\t two weeks4 ,fir/ sw>ms w h eggs 9 ! cells z soon z !y are made to hold !m1 :i* is (t5 )9 #bd h\rs aft] be+ hiv$2 occasionally a new piece ( comb w fall d[n1 &1 if ! cells are deep en\gh1 !y are almo/ c]ta9 to conta9 eggs4 ,i c\ld add o!r pro(1 b ! att5tive obs]v] w discov] x himself4 ,,mr4 ,,weeks' ,,!ory ,,n ,,satisfactory4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,weeks1 9 8 "w on bees1 says1 ,two causes & two only c be assign$ :y bees ev] sw>m3 ! fir/1 ! cr[d$ /ate ( ! hive2 ! second1 to avoid ! battle ( ! que5s4 ,! fir/ cause produc+ fir/ sw>ms1 ! o!r second1 ?ird1 c4 ,mr4 ,colton's pat5t hive1 x is said1 c be made to sw>m at any "t )9 two days1 m]ely = want ( room4 ,by remov+ ! six boxes atta*$ to x1 ! bees are compell$ to cr[d into ! ma9 body ( ! hive1 & sw>m out 9 consequ5ce4 ,n[1 if m]ely cr[d+ ! hive ) bees is ! only cause ( fir/ sw>ms1 h[ is x t half or m ( m9e refus$ to sw>m1 :5 a great _m1 = want ( room1 7 cr[d$ outside = weeks1 & great numb]s matur+ e day to cr[d !m /ill m8 ,to me ! reason is pla91 t "s ( ! be=e-m5tion$ requisites 7 want+4 ,mr4 ,weeks fur!r says1 :5 ! fir/ sw>m has left1 n a s+le que51 9 any /age ( m9ority1 is left 9 ! old hive2 ! bees1 de/itute ( a que51 set ab\t con/ruct+ sev]al royal cells1 take l>vae or eggs & put 9 !m1 & fe$ ) royal jelly1 & 9 a few days h a que54 ,al?\gh ,i _h n _h mu* exp]i5ce at ! "t ( gett+ 8 "w1 ,i _h "s d\bts1 because ,i f\nd t all hives t became full & began to run ov]1 did n sw>m1 & "s o!rs sw>m$ be=e be+ q full2 x seem$ z if some?+ l a prep>ation be=eh& 0 requisite4 ,i knew ( no means1 = a long "t1 t w\ld decide positively2 :5 x occurr$ to me1 if ,i exam9$ ! old /ock imm$iately aft] ! fir/ sw>m _h left1 ,i %\ld f9d "s prep>ations if !re 7 any2 a ?+ s simple & easy t ,i felt some:at mortifi$ n to h ?\ght ( x be=e4 ,! fir/ /ock ,i look$ at reveal$ ! secret4 ,i exam9$ x ! ev5+ ( ! day t a sw>m _h left2 ,i 0 gratifi$ by f9d+ two f9i%$ cells on ! l[] edges ( ! combs2 o!r cells 7 9 diff]5t /ages ( progression1 f ^? conta9+ an egg to ! full develop$ l>va4 ,sev]al m hives %[$ ! same result4 ,i n[ got bold en\gh to exam9e "s previ\s to sw>m+1 z ,i h already expla9$4 ,,mr4 ,,m9] ,,n ,,correct4 ,mr4 ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]1 9 8 "w1 has all[$ ! prep>ation ( que5 cells previ\s to sw>m+1 b he has put (f ! "t ( ! sw>m issu+ eight or n9e days too long4 ,t is1 he has ! "y que5 matur$ s t %e comm5ces pip+ fir/1 :i* does n occur m ?an "o "t 9 fifty4 ,n[ ,i ?9k x m ?an probable t _m read]s w h "s d\bts 9 reg>d to my /atem5ts ab\t ?is sw>m+ matt]4 ,yet ,i ?9k ,i c give directions suffici5tly p>ticul> t !y may remove !m !mselves4 ,!y %\ld be> 9 m9d t !y h no "r to be positive on any subject )\t an inve/igation4 ,,p>ticul> ,,directions ,,= ,,te/+ ,,! ,,matt]4 ,i w n[ give m m9ute directions = an exam9ation4 ,full hives require a little m c>e ?an ^? conta9+ few] bees4 ,don't let ! cr[d$ /ate ( ! hive1 ev5 if "s are outside1 det] y f gratify+ a laudable curiosity1 7su* hives are mo/ likely to possess ^! cells47 ,let ! satisfaction ( asc]ta9+ a few facts = y\rselves /imulate y to ?is ex]tion1 ! risk is n mu*2 :at ,i h done y may d4 ,?is is bett] ?an to rely on any man's ipse dixit4 ,i d x )\t any protection :atev] = face or h&s2 b1 if y h too mu* fe> ( /+s1 a veil to protect ! face may be put on1 b d )\t x1 if y c f9d ! c\rage1 z y w want a good view4 ,! be/ "t is1 :5 mo/ ( ! bees are out at "w ne> ! middle ( ! day2 b !n ! bees f ! o!r hives are sometimes cross1 & int]f]e4 ,on t acc\nt ,i pref] morn+ or ev5+1 al?\gh !re are m bees to be smok$ out ( ! way4 ,if y are accu/om$ to smok+ tobacco1 y w f9d a pipe j ! ?+ = mak+ a smoke "h2 if n1 vide a description ( an app>atus 9 *ap4 #ah?1 p4 #bha4 ,:5 y are ready to proce$1 "s smoke mu/ be bl[n "u ! hive be=e y t\* x2 !n raise ! front side a few in*es1 & bl[ 9 "s m2 n[ c>efully lift ! hive f ! /&1 avoid+ any j>1 z ?is w\ld ar\se _! ang]2 turn x bottom upw>ds2 also1 be c>eful all ! "t n to brea! among !m4 ,m smoke w n[ make !m cr[d among ! combs out ( y\r way :ile y exam9e4 ,x is v common = ! bees to set up a buzz+1 & ru% up ! sides ( ! hive1 b a little smoke w drive !m back2 get !m out ( ! way z mu* z possible1 & look on ! edges ( ! combs = ! que5s' cells1 :]e mo/ ( !m are4 ,if ! hive is fully suppli$ ) honey1 !y w be ne> ! bottom1 if n1 f>!r up among ! combs2 9 "s hives !y _c be se5 ev5 :]e !y exi/4 ,yet !y may be f\nd 9 f\r out ( five1 by a ?or\gh se>*4 ,i h f\nd n9e )9 two in*es ( ! bottom1 "s on ! extreme ends ( ! comb4 ,i w\ld "h give a caution ab\t turn+ ov] hives ) v new combs1 be=e !y are atta*$ to ! sides ( ! hive1 z !y are apt to b5d ov]4 ,,empty ,,hives ,,to ,,be ,,ready4 ,we w n[ suppose t "s ( y\r /ocks are ready to ca/ _! sw>ms3 we w also presume t y\r empty hives = ! reception ( sw>ms are ready be=e ?is p]iod2 to prep>e a hive aft] ! sw>m has issu$ is bad managem5t2 neglig5ce "h argues neglig5ce else:]e2 x is "o ( ! premonitions ( bad luck4 ,,bottom-,,bo>ds ,,= ,,hiv+4 ,y w want also a numb] ( bottom-bo>ds1 expressly = hiv+2 get a bo>d a little l>g] ?an ! bottom ( ! hive1 nail /rips across ! ends on ! "u side to prev5t w>p+2 9 ! middle cut out a space five or six in*es squ>e1 & cov] ) wire clo?4 ,^! are = y\r l>ge sw>ms 9 v hot wea!r1 to be us$ = f\r or five days4 ,!y are mu* saf] ?an to raise ! hive an in* or m = v5tilation4 ,!y are also ess5tial = _m o!r occasions4 ,i w\ld n d )\t !m1 ev5 if ! exp5se 0 t5 times :at x is4 ,,description ,,( ,,sw>m ,,issu+4 ,:5 ! day is fair & n too mu* w9d1 fir/ sw>ms g5]ally issue f t5 o'clock till ?ree2 if y are on ! look\t1 ! fir/ outside indication ( a sw>m1 w be an unusual numb] ( bees ar\nd ! entrance1 f "o to sixty m9utes be=e !y />t4 ,! utmo/ confusion seems to prevail1 bees runn+ ab\t 9 e direction2 ! entrance app>5tly clos$ ) ! mass ( bees1 7p]haps "o exception 9 tw5ty17 pres5tly a column f ! int]ior =ces a passage to ! op5 air2 !y come ru%+ out by hundr$s1 all vibrat+ _! w+s z !y m>* out2 & :5 a few in*es f ! entrance1 rise 9 ! air2 "s run up ! side ( ! hive1 o!rs to ! edge ( ! bottom-bo>d4 ,if y h se5 ! old que5 come ru%+ out ! fir/ "o1 & ! re/ foll[+ h]1 z we are (t5 told %e does1 y h se5 :at ,i nev] did 9 a fir/ sw>m6 ,second & ?ird sw>ms conduct !mselves q diff]5tly4 ,i h se5 ! old que5 issue a few times1 b n till half ! sw>m 0 out4 ,! bees :5 fir/ ris+ f ! hive1 describe circles ( b few feet1 b z !y rec$e1 !y spread ov] an area ( sev]al rods4 ,_! movem5t are mu* sl[] ?an usual1 9 a few m9utes ?\s&s may be se5 revolv+ 9 e possible direction6 ,a sw>m may be se5 & he>d1 at a di/ance1 :]e fifty hives1 ord9>ily at "w1 w\ld n be notic$6 ,:5 ab\t out ( ! hive1 or soon aft]1 "s bran* ( a tree or bu% is usually select$ on :i* to clu/]4 ,9 less ?an half a m9ute aft] ! spot is indicat$1 ev5 :5 ! bees are spread ov] an acre1 !y are ga!r$ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity1 & all clu/] 9 a body f five to t5 m9utes aft] leav+ ! hive4 ,!y %\ld n[ be hiv$ imm$iately1 z !y %[ impati5ce if left long1 especially 9 ! sun2 also1 if ano!r /ock %\ld s5d out a sw>m :ile !y 7 hang+ !re1 !y w\ld be q sure to mix toge!r4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,hiv+ ,,c ,,be ,,v>i$4 ,x makes b little diff]5ce :at way !y are put 9 ! hive1 provid+ !y are all made to g 94 ,proce$ z is mo/ conv5i5t2 an old table or b5* is v good to keep !m out ( ! grass if !re %\ld happ5 to be any2 if !re is n mu* 9 ! way1 lay y\r bottom-bo>d on ! gr\nd1 make x level1 set y\r hive on x1 & raise "o edge an in* or m to give ! bees a *ance to ent]4 ,,usual ,,me?od4 ,cut (f ! bran* ) ! bees1 if x c be done z well z n1 & %ake x 9 front ( ! hive1 a portion w discov] x1 & w at once comm5ce a vibration ( _! w+s2 ?is1 ,i suppose1 is a call = ! o!rs4 ,a k ( a new home be+ f\nd seems to be communicat$ 9 ?is way1 z x is kept up until all are 94 ,a great _m are apt to /op ab\t ! entrance1 !reby ne>ly or q clos+ x1 & prev5t+ o!rs go+ 91 :5 !y w ga!r on ! outside4 ,y c exp$ite ! matt] ) a /ick or quill1 by g5tly pu%+ !m away2 & ano!r portion w ent]4 ,:5 g5tle means w n induce !m to g 91 9 a reasonable "t1 & !y appe> ob/9ate1 a little wat] spr9kl$ on !m w facilitate op]ations greatly1 :5 no?+ else w4 7,be c>eful & n ov]-d ! matt]1 by us+ too mu* wat]1 !y c be s wet z n to move at all47 ,:5 !y clu/] on a bran* t y d n wi% to cut (f1 place y\r bottom-bo>d z ne> z conv5i5t2 on x lay two /icks ab\t an in* 9 diamet]1 ( ! same l5g?3 try ! hive1 & see t all is "r2 !n turn x bottom up1 directly "u ! ma9 "p ( ! clu/]2 if y h an assi/ant1 let him j> ! bran* suffici5tly to deta* ! bees2 mo/ ( !m w fall directly into ! hive4 ,if no assi/ant is at h& x is unnecess>y to wait1 7,i h done x a hundr$ times )\t help72 ) ! bottom ( ! hive /rike ! "u side ( ! bran* h>d en\gh to dislodge !m1 !n turn x on ! bo>d2 ! /icks w prev5t ! bottom cru%+ _m bees4 ,,:5 ,,out ,,( ,,rea*4 ,i h gone up a ladd] fifte5 feet1 got ! bees 9 ! hive 9 ?is way1 & back$ d[n )\t difficulty4 ,aft] putt+ ! hive 9 its place1 sometimes a "p w g back2 9 t case1 a small bran* full ( leaves %\ld be held directly "u & close to !m1 & z _m j>r$ on x z possible4 ,hold ?is /ill1 & %ake ! o!r to prev5t _! clu/]+ !re2 y w soon h !m all collect$1 ready to br+ d[n1 & put by ! hive4 ,a h&le basket or l>ge t9 pan may be tak5 up ! ladd] in/ead ( ! hive1 :5 !y c be readily empti$ be=e x4 ,b v few w fly out 9 com+ d[n4 ,if y succe$ 9 gett+ ne>ly all ! bees 9 ! fir/ ef=t1 & b few are left1 m]ely %ak+ ! bran* w be suffici5t to prev5t _! hold+ fa/1 & w turn _! att5tion to ^? bel[1 :]e ^? :i* h already f\nd a hive w be do+ _! be/ to call !m4 ,:5 ! hive is fir/ turn$ ov]1 mo/ ( ! bees fall on ! bo>d & ru% out1 b z soon z x is realiz$ t a home is f\nd1 a buzz+ comm5ces inside2 ?is quickly communicates ! fact to ^? outside1 :i* imm$iately turn ab\t1 fac+ ! hive & hum 9 conc]t1 :ile m>*+ 94 ,ano!r plan may be adopt$1 ev5 if fifte5 feet high2 :5 ! bran* is n too l>ge1 & !re is n too mu* 9 ! way bel[ x4 ,h ready two or ?ree light poles ( suitable l5g?2 select su* z h a bran* at ! upp] end1 l>ge en\gh to hold a two-bu%el basket4 ,?is is rais$ directly "u ! sw>m2 ) ano!r pole1 ! bees are all dislodg$1 & fall into ! basket1 & are quickly let d[n4 ,n[1 if y h got ab\t all1 ?r[ a %eet ov] = a few mom5ts1 to prev5t _! escape4 ,!y soon become quiet1 & may be hiv$ )\t _m go+ back to ! bran*1 z !y d1 :5 attempt+ to hive !m imm$iately4 ,i (t5 h !m beg9 to clu/] ne> ! gr\nd1 v conv5i5tly = hiv+4 ,9 su* a case1 ,i d n wait = all to collect1 b z soon z su* place is indicat$1 ,i get ! bo>d & hive ready4 ,:5 a qu>t or s are ga!r$1 %ake !m 9 a hive1 & set x up2 ! sw>m w n[ g to t1 in/ead ( ! bran*1 especially if ! latt] is %ak5 a little4 ,:]e _m /ocks are kept1 x is advisable to be z exp$iti\s z possible4 ,a sw>m w ?us hive itself mu* soon] ?an :5 x is all[$ to clu/]4 ,,:5 ,,!y ,,_c ,,be ,,%ak5 ,,(f4 ,sw>ms w sometimes get 9 places :]e x is impossible to j> !m (f1 or cut (f a bran*1 su* z ! trunk ( a tree1 or a l>ge limb ne> x4 ,9 :i* case place ! hive ne>1 z fir/ direct$2 take a l>ge t9 dipp]1 a vessel mo/ conv5i5t = ! purpose1 & dip x full ( bees2 ) "o h& turn back ! hive2 ) ! o!r ?r[ ! bees into x2 "s ( !m w discov] t a home is provid$1 & set up ! call = ! re/1 7by ! vibration ( _! w+s71 & ! rema9d] may be empti$ 9 front ( ! hive z y dip !m (f4 ,i h kn[n a few in/ances :5 ! fir/ dipp] full all ran out1 & jo9$ ! o!rs )\t mak+ ! discov]y t !y 7 9 a hive1 b ?is is seldom ! case4 ,:5 y get ! que5 91 !re is no tr\ble ) ! rema9d]1 ev5 if !re are _m left2 z soon z !y asc]ta9 t ! que5 is no long] among !m1 x may be kn[n by _! uneasy movem5ts1 & !y w soon leave1 & jo9 ^? 9 ! hive2 b if ! que5 is yet on ! tree1 & b a doz5 ) h]1 !y w leave ! hive & clu/] aga94 ,,all ,,%\ld ,,be ,,made ,,to ,,ent]4 ,9 all cases be sure to get !m all to ent]2 a clu/] outside ( x may conta9 ! que51 unconsci\s ( a home s ne>2 & ! probable consequ5ce might be1 %e w\ld leave = a mis]able "o 9 ! woods4 ,,%\ld ,,be ,,tak5 ,,to ,,! ,,/& ,,imm$iately4 ,:5 all are 91 except a few t w be fly+1 let ! hive d[n close to ! bo>d2 take hold ( ?is & c>ry x at once to ! /& !y are to occupy1 & raise ! front edge half an in*2 let ! back re/ on ! bo>d2 ?is w give !m means to re-asc5d1 if !y *ance to drop1 :i* l>ge sw>ms (t5 d 9 hot wea!r4 ,if ! bottom is an in* or m f ! bo>d :5 ! bees fall1 !re is no?+ to prev5t _! ru%+ out on e side--_! means ( gett+ up aga9 are bad--if ! que5 comes out ) ! ru%1 !re are "s *ances = _! leav+4 ,,protection ,,f ,,! ,,sun ,,necess>y4 ,ano!r ?+ is v important2 sw>ms %\ld be protect$ f ! sun = sev]al days1 9 hot wea!r1 f n9e o'clock till ?ree or f\r2 & !n if ! heat is v oppressive1 & ! bees clu/] outside1 spr9kle !m ) wat] & drive !m 92 & by wett+ ! hive occasionally1 x w c>ry (f a l>ge portion ( ! heat1 & make x mu* m com=table4 ,,clu/]+ ,,bu%es4 ,if !re are no l>ge trees 9 ! vic9ity ( y\r api>y1 all ! bett]1 z !re w !n be no dang] ( y\r sw>ms light+ on !m2 b all bee-keep]s are n s =tunate1 myself be+ "o ( ! numb]4 ,9 su* a place x is necess>y to provide some?+ = !m to clu/] on2 get "s bu%es six or eight feet high 7hemlock is pref]able72 cut (f ! ends ( ! bran*es1 except a few ne> ! top3 secure ! :ole ) /r+s to prev5t sway+ 9 ord9>y w9ds2 make a hole 9 ! e>? deep en\gh to hold !m1 & l>ge en\gh to be lift$ out easily4 ,! bees w be likely to clu/] on "s ( ^!2 !y c !n be rais$ out1 & ! bees hiv$ )\t difficulty4 ,a bun* ( dry mulle9 tops ti$ toge!r on ! end ( a pole1 makes a v good place = clu/]+2 x s ne>ly resembles a sw>m t ! bees !mselves appe> to be sometimes deceiv$4 ,i h frequ5tly kn[n !m leave a bran* :]e !y _h begun to clu/]1 & settle on ?is :5 held ne>4 ,! motives = imm$iately remov+ ! sw>m to ! /& are1 t !y are g5]ally m conv5i5t to wat* 9 case !y are dispos$ to leave2 also _m bees c be sav$4 ,all t leave ! hive1 m>k ! location ! same z 9 spr+2 sev]al hundr$s w probably leave ! fir/ day2 a few may leave sev]al times2 :5 remov$ at night1 su* w return to ! /& ( ! previ\s day1 & g5]ally are lo/2 :]eas1 if !y are c>ri$ at once to a p]man5t /&1 ?is loss is avoid$4 ,^? t are left fly+ at ! "t1 return to ! old /ock1 :i* ^? t return f ! sw>m ! next day w n always d4 ,! "t = mov+ !m n[ is no m ?an at ano!r4 ,x is unnecess>y to object1 & say1 t x w take too long to wait = ! bees to get 92 ?is w n d4 ,i %all insi/ on y\r gett+ all ! bees to ent] be=e leav+ any way4 ,i consid] ?is an ess5tial feature 9 ! managem5t4 ,i w n say t my directions w always prev5t _! go+ to ! woods1 b ?is ,i d say1 t out ( ! hundr$s t ,i h hiv$1 n "o has ev] left4 ,x is possible prop] managem5t has _h no influ5ce 9 my success1 yet some?+ l an op9ion ( ?is k9d has be5 indulg$ = a long "t4 ,,h[ ,,sw>ms ,,are ,,g5]ally ,,manag$ ,,t ,,leave ,,= ,,! ,,woods4 ,"s ( my neighbor+ bee-keep]s lose a qu>t] or half ( _! sw>ms by flight1 & h[ d !y manage8 ,:5 ! ^w is giv5 out1 ,bees sw>m+1 a t9-horn1 t9-pan1 bells1 or any?+ to make a horrible d91 is seiz$ ^u 9 ! hurry ( ! mom5t1 & z mu* noise made z possible1 to make !m clu/]2 7:i* !y naturally w\ld d )\t ! music1 at lea/ all m9e h4 ,?is probably gave rise to ! op9ion ( "o old lady1 :o knew drumm+ on a pan did good1 = %e _h tri$ x47 ,v (t5 a hive is to be con/ruct$1 or an old "o unfit to use any way1 ne$s "s /icks across1 or some?+ to take "t4 ,:5 ! hive is obta9$1 x mu/ be wa%$ ) some?+ nice to make ! bees l x2 a little honey mu/ be daub$ on ! inside2 sug> & wat]1 molasses & wat]1 salt & wat]1 or salt & wat] rubb$ on ) hickory leaves1 is ! be/ ?+ 9 ! _w2 sev]al o!r ?+s are j z good1 & "s are bett]4 ,ev5 :isky1 t bane ( man1 has be5 (f]$ !m z a bribe to /ay1 & sometimes !y are p]suad$ & g to "w4 ,,no?+ ,,b ,,bees ,,ne$$ ,,9 ,a ,,hive4 ,n[ ,i _c say positively t ^! ?+s d h>m1 yet ,i am q sure !y d no good1 z no?+ b bees is ne$$ 9 a hive4 ,is x reasonable to suppose !y are fond ( all ! knick-knacks giv5 !m8 ,i h nev] us$ any1 & c\ld n possibly h done bett]4 ,i am c>eful to h ! hive sweet & clean1 & n too smoo? inside2 an old hive t has be5 us$ be=e is scald$ & scrap$4 ,b to ! mann] !y get ! bees 91 aft] ! hive is ready4 ,a table is set out1 & a clo? spread on x2 /icks are put on to raise ! hive an in* or m3 if !y succe$ 9 gett+ ! sw>m ev5 on ! outside ( ! hive x is left2 if !y g 91 x is well2 if !y g (f1 :y hope = bett] luck next "t4 ,! hive is left un%elt]$ 9 ! hot sun & :5 !re is no w9d1 ! heat is soon insupportable1 or at lea/ v oppressive2 ! bees hang 9 loose /r+s1 in/ead ( a compact body1 z :5 kept cool2 !y are v apt to fall1 & :5 !y d1 w ru% out f e side3 if ! que5 *ances to drop ) !m1 !y may /ep out4 ,two ?irds ( all ! bees t g to ! woods are manag$ 9 ?is1 or a simil> mann]1 & may x n be said1 !y are fairly driv5 (f8 ,,seldom ,,g ,,(f ,,)\t ,,clu/]+4 ,p]haps "o sw>m 9 ?ree hundr$ w dep>t = ! woods )\t fir/ clu/]+4 ,i h _h ?ree times t numb]1 n "o ( :i* has ev] left me ?us4 ,yet ,i h evid5ce n to be disput$ t "s w d x4 ,?ree in/ances h occurr$ ne> me t satisfi$ me ( ! fact4 ,two 7 lo/1 ! o!r 0 foll[$ to a tree1 half a mile (f2 ,i assi/$ 9 cutt+ ! tree1 & hiv+ !m4 ,! cavity :]e !y ent]$ 0 v small1 & conta9$ old comb1 made by a sw>m a ye> or two previ\s1 :i* _h probably />v$1 z !re 0 too little room = /or+ suffici5t honey = w9t]4 ,?is sw>m1 :5 hiv$ & c>ri$ home1 rema9$ p]fectly cont5t$4 ,,d ,,sw>ms ,,*oose ,a ,,location ,,be=e ,,sw>m+8 ,! inquiry is (t5 made1 ,d all sw>ms h a place look$ out be=e leav+ ! p>5t /ock8 ,! answ] to ?is mu/ ev] be guess-"w4 ,i c\ld (f] "s circum/ances indicat+ ! affirmative v /rongly1 & z mu* = ! negative2 & w let x pass at t4 ,yet ,i ?9k if bees are prop]ly c>$ =1 t n9ety-n9e sw>ms 9 a hundr$ w pref] a good clean hive to a rott5 tree 9 ! woods4 ,,means ,,( ,,arre/+ ,a ,,sw>m4 ,i h _h ?ree sw>ms t 7 exceptions to g5]al rules1 giv+ me "s tr\ble by sw>m+ out aft] be+ hiv$2 ! ?ird & f\r? "t !y left1 ,i ?rew wat] among !m1 caus+ q a %[]2 :5 my pail-full 0 out1 ,i us$ e>?2 !y w5t b a %ort di/ance1 & clu/]$ 9 ! usual way4 ,n[ 7 ^! bees int5d+ to leave1 & _h _! designs fru/rat$ by ! wat] & e>?8 ,i am n q z sure z ! old lady1 :o knew t drumm+ on a t9-pan did good1 b ,i am incl9$ to ?9k x _h "s effect4 ,i h he>d ( sev]al in/ances :]e sw>ms 7 app>5tly /opp$1 by hav+ e>? ?r[n among !m1 :ile pass+ ov] a field :]e m5 7 at "w4 ,we "k !y dislike be+ wet1 z we see !m ha/5+ home on ! approa* ( a %[]2 or we c at any "t drive !m 9 ! hive by spr9kl+ !m ) wat]4 ,?r[+ wat] 9 ! sw>m is a k9d ( imitation %[]1 & e>? is some?+ l x4 ,:e!r useful or n1 ^! sw>ms leav+ ! hive 0 r suspici\s1 & ,i %\ld try x aga9 "u simil> circum/ances4 ,,"s ,,compulsion4 ,aft] gett+ !m 9 ! hive = ! f\r? "t1 ,i resolv$ n to be baffl$ or h mu* m su* tr\ble1 & p]haps g to ! woods at la/1 !reby sett+ a bad example4 ,i put "u ! hive ! wire-clo? bottom-bo>d1 op5$ two or ?ree holes on ! top1 & cov]$ ^! also ) wire-clo?1 7?is 0 to let ! air circulate72 a quantity ( honey & wat] 0 giv5 !m & !y 7 !n c>ri$ to ! cell>1 & kept prison]s f\r days1 except half an h\r be=e sunset2 :5 too late to leave = a j\rney1 ,i set !m out to provide a few necess>ies1 & !n return$ !m to ! cell>4 ,9 f\r days1 :5 honey en\gh is giv5 !m1 a good sw>m w half fill an ord9>y hive ) combs4 ,"s ( ! fir/ eggs deposit$ w be ab\t hat*+ into l>vae1 all ( :i* w\ld seem l too mu* to leave4 ,i n[ set !m out1 & gave !m lib]ty2 %ad+ ! hive1 c41 z be=e direct$4 ,!y all prov$ fai?ful & indu/ri\s1 prosp]+ l o!rs4 ,if _! design 0 = a di/ant location1 !y put a good face on ! matt] 9 ! end4 ,,h[ ,,f> ,,w ,,!y ,,g ,,9 ,,se>* ,,( ,a ,,home8 ,h[ f> !y w travel 9 se>* ( a home1 is also unc]ta94 ,i h he>d ( _! go+ sev5 miles1 b c\ld n le>n h[ ! fact 0 prov$4 ,i h no exp]i5ce ( my own 9 ?is matt]1 b w relate a circum/ance t happ5$ ne> me a few ye>s s9ce4 ,a neighbor 0 pl\gh+1 :5 a sw>m pass$ ov] him2 be+ ne> ! e>?1 he pelt$ !m he>tily ) ! loose dirt he _h pl\gh$ up1 :i* seem$ to br+ !m up1 or r d[n1 z !y clu/]$ on a v l[ bu%2 !y 7 hiv$1 & gave no fur!r tr\ble4 ,a man liv+ "s ?ree miles f ?is neighbor1 on t day hiv$ a sw>m ab\t elev5 o'clock1 & left !m to w>m up 9 ! sun z describ$ a page or two back2 ab\t ?ree o'clock _! /ock ( pati5ce 0 probably exhau/$1 :5 !y resolv$ to seek a bett] %elt]4 ,!y put (f 9 a great hurry1 n ev5 wait+ to ?ank _! own] = ! spread on 8 table1 & ! sweet-sc5t$ y>bs & good ?+s ) :i* he _h rubb$ _! hive4 ,!y gave him no notice :atev] ( _! int5tion to quit1 until !y 7 mov+6 ,) all _! goods ready pack$1 !y 7 soon "u way1 accompani$ by _! own] ) music2 b :e!r !y m>*$ ) m>tial precision1 keep+ "t1 is unc]ta94 ,9 ?is case ! bees took ! lead2 ! man ) 8 t9-pan music kept ! re>1 & 0 soon at a respectful di/ance4 ,!y 7 ei!r n 9 a mood1 j !n1 to be *>m$ by melodi\s s\nds1 or _! bus9ess 0 too urg5t to all[ !m to /op & li/56 ,_! means ( locomotion be+ sup]ior to 81 he gave up 9 despair1 out ( brea?1 aft] foll[+ ab\t a mile4 ,ano!r p]son1 ab\t ! same "t 9 ! day1 saw a sw>m mov+ 9 ! same direction ( ! fir/2 he also foll[$ !m till compell$ to yield to _! great] travell+ facilities4 ,a ?ird discov]$ _! flight & attempt$ a race1 b l ! o!rs soon came out beh9d4 ,! be=e-m5tion$ neighbor saw !m1 & ?\ght ( ! fre% e>? t he _h pl\gh$ up1 :i* he ?rew among !m till !y /opp$4 ,h[ mu* f>!r !y w\ld h gone1 if any1 w\ld be guess+4 ,t x 0 ! same sw>m t />t$ ?ree miles away1 appe>s almo/ c]ta92 ! direction 0 ! same z se5 by all1 until !y 7 /opp$2 ! "t 9 ! day also exactly correspond$4 ,we w n[ return to ! issu+ ( ! sw>ms4 ,!re w be "s em]g5cies to provide =1 & "s exceptions to notice4 ,,two ,,or ,,m ,,sw>ms ,,liable ,,to ,,unite4 ,if we expect to keep _m /ocks1 ! *ances are t two or m may issue at "o "t2 & :5 !y d1 !y ne>ly always clu/] toge!r 7,i once knew an in/ance :]e only ?ree /ocks 7 kept2 !y all sw>m$ & clu/]$ toge!r74 ,x is pla9 t ! great] ! numb] ( /ocks1 ! m su* *ances are multipli$4 ,,disadvantage4 ,"o fir/ sw>m1 if ( ! usual size1 w conta9 bees en\gh = pr(it1 yet two su* w "w toge!r )\t qu>rell+1 & w /ore ab\t "o-?ird m ?an ei!r w\ld alone2 t is1 if ea* s+le sw>m w\ld get #ej lbs41 ! two toge!r w\ld n get ov] #gj lbs41 p]haps less4 ,"h1 !n1 is a loss ( #cj lbs41 besides "o ( ! sw>ms is ab\t lo/ = ano!r ye>2 because su* d\ble sw>ms are n g5]ally any bett] ! next spr+ z a /ock1 & (t5 n z good z a s+le "o4 ,y w !re=e see ! advantage ( keep+ ! fir/ sw>ms sep>ate4 ,,c ,,(t5 ,,be ,,prev5t$4 ,prev5tion is bett] ?an cure4 ,we c1 if we keep a good look\t1 (t5 prev5t m ?an "o issu+ at a "t4 ,?is dep5ds on our k ( indications1 9 a great measure4 ,i h said t be=e />t+ to fly (f1 !y 7 ab\t ! entrance 9 great numb]s2 !re may be "o exception 9 tw5ty1 :]e ! fir/ indications w be a column ( bees ru%+ f ! hive4 ,to take ?is matt] a little f>!r f ! surface1 we w take a peep at ! int]ior2 t is1 if our hives conta9 glass boxes1 su* z h be5 recomm5d$4 ,x is an advantage to "k :i* are ab\t to ca/ _! sw>ms1 z long be=eh& z possible4 ,,indications ,,( ,,sw>m+ ,,inside ,,! ,,hive4 ,^! glass boxes are usually fill$ ) bees2 be=e leav+ !y may be se5 9 commotion1 long be=e any unusual /ir is visible outside1 sometimes = ne> an h\r4 ,! same may be notic$ 9 a glass hive4 ,n[1 9 good wea!r1 :5 we h reason to expect _m sw>ms1 x is our duty to wat* closely1 especially :5 ! wea!r has be5 unfavorable = sev]al days previ\s4 ,a numb] ( /ocks may h f9i%$ _! que5-cells dur+ ! bad wea!r1 & be ready to come out )9 ! fir/ h\r ( sun%9e t occurs 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,we mu/ expect "s su* occurr5ces1 & 9 l>ge api>ies !re is apt to be tr\ble1 unless y take "s precautions4 ,if y h tak5 no c>e 7:i* b few w71 by previ\s exam9ations1 to "k :i* are ready1 z soon z "o has />t$ or comm5c$ fly+1 look at all ! re/ t are 9 condition to sw>m2 or1 :at is mu* bett]1 look be=e any h />t$4 ,ev5 if no?+ unusual is se5 ab\t ! entrance1 raise ! cov] to ! boxes4 ,if ! bees 9 !m are all quiet z usual1 no sw>m ne$ be imm$iately appreh5d$1 & y w probably h "t to hive "o or two fir/4 ,,prev5t+ ,a ,,sw>m ,,issu+ ,,= ,a ,,"t4 ,b %\ld y discov] ! bees runn+ to & fro 9 great commotion1 al?\gh !re may be b few ab\t ! entrance1 y %\ld lose no "t 9 spr9kl+ ^? outside ) wat] f a wat]+-pot1 or o!r means4 ,!y w imm$iately ent] ! hive to avoid ! suppos$ %[]4 ,9 half an h\r !y w be ready to />t aga91 9 :i* "t ! o!rs may be secur$4 ,i h _h1 9 "o api>y1 twelve hives all ready 9 "o day1 & did actually sw>m2 sev]al ( :i* w\ld h />t$ at once1 _h !y n be5 kept back ) wat]1 all[+ only "o at a "t1 ?us keep+ !m sep>ate4 ,!y _h be5 kept back by ! cl\ds1 :i* broke away ab\t noon4 ,,to ,,prev5t ,,sw>ms ,,unit+ ,,) ,,^? ,,already ,,hiv$4 ,:5 any ( ! subsequ5t sw>ms 7 dispos$ to unite ) ^? already hiv$1 a %eet 0 ?r[n ov] to keep !m out4 ,i _h f\r s cov]$ at once4 ,an assi/ant1 9 su* cases1 is v important2 "o c wat* symptoms & keep !m back1 :ile ! o!r hives ! sw>ms4 ,occasionally1 :5 ready = a sw>m & wait+ = "o to />t1 two may d s at once4 ,:5ev] a "p h got on ! w+1 ,i nev] succe$$ 9 /opp+ ! issue3 consequ5tly ,i h f\nd x useless try+ to drive or coax !m back 9 su* cases4 ,to succe$1 ! means mu/ be us$ 9 season1 be=e any ( ! sw>m leaves4 ,,:5 ,,two ,,h ,,unit$1 ,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,sep>at+4 ,two or m sw>ms w clu/] toge!r1 & n qu>rel1 if put 9 "o hive2 ,i h already told y ! disadvantages4 ,unless bus9ess is v urg5t1 y\r "t _c be bett] employ$ ?an 9 divid+ !m4 ,fir/1 x is necess>y to provide a good /ock ( pati5ce1 z x may be a %ort job1 or x may be a long "o4 ,get two empty hives1 & divide ! bees z ne>ly equal z possible4 ,x is g5]ally ! be/ way to spread a %eet on ! gr\nd1 & %ake ! bees 9 ! c5tre1 & set ! hives ea* side ( ! mass1 _! edges rais$ to all[ ! bees to ent]2 if too _m are dispos$ to ent] "o hive1 set x f>!r (f4 ,if !y clu/] 9 a situation :]e !y _c be got to ! e>? 9 a body1 !y mu/ be dipp$ (f z be=e direct$1 b1 9 ?is case1 putt+ a dipp] full 9 ea* hive alt]nately1 until all are 94 ,!y %\ld be made to hurry "s 9 go+ 92 keep ! entrance cle>1 & /ir !m up (t52 or spr9kle a v little wat] on !m1 z !y %\ld n be all[$ to /op _! humm+ until all are 94 ,we h "o *ance 9 two ( gett+ a que5 9 ea*4 ,! two hives %\ld n[ be plac$ tw5ty feet ap>t2 if !re is a que5 9 ea*1 ! bees 9 bo? w rema9 quiet1 & ! "w is done2 b if n1 ! bees 9 ! "o de/itute w soon manife/ x by runn+ ab\t 9 all directions1 &1 :5 ! que5 _c be f\nd1 w leave = ! o!r hive1 :]e !re are probably two1 a few go+ at a "t4 ,n[ !re are two or ?ree me?ods ( sep>at+ ^! que5s2 "o is1 to empty ! bees out & proce$ z be=e1 a k9d ( *ance game1 t may succe$ at ! next trial1 & may h to be repeat$4 ,ano!r way is1 t1 z soon z x is asc]ta9$ :i* is )\t a que51 be=e _m bees leave1 spread d[n a %eet2 set ?is hive on x1 & tie ! corn]s ov] ! top to secure ! bees = ! pres5t1 turn ! hive on its side = ! pres5t to give !m air2 or x may be let d[n on a wire clo? bottom-bo>d & ! hole 9 ! side /opp$1 & ?is w\ld be less likely to smo!r ! bees1 if x c\ld be secur$ to ! bottom1 & h ! hive lie on its side2 :5 ?is division is secur$1 get ano!r hive1 & j> out ^? ) ! que5s2 let !m ent] z be=e1 & !n set !m ap>t1 c41 wat*+ ! result2 if ! que5s are n yet sep>ate1 x w be kn[n by ! same appe>ances4 ,! process mu/ be cont9u$ till sep>ate1 or ! numb] ) ! que5s may be easily look$ ov]1 & "o ( !m f\nd2 inde$1 a %>p look\t %\ld be kept up f ! beg9n+1 & ! que5s caught1 if possible4 ,,no ,,dang] ,,( ,a ,,/+ ,,by ,,! ,,que54 ,no dang] ( h] /+ ne$ be appreh5d$1 z %e w n demean h]self to use t = a common foe2 %e mu/ h a royal antagoni/4 ,:5 successful 9 obta9+ "o1 x is suffici5t2 put h] 9 a tumbl] or "s safe place2 !n put y\r bees 9 two hives1 place !m z direct$1 & y w soon le>n :]e y\r que5 is ne$$4 ,aft] all is done1 ! two hives %\ld n be ne>] ?an tw5ty feet1 at lea/ ! fir/ day2 p]haps =ty w\ld be /ill bett]4 ,:5 two sw>ms are mix$1 & !n sep>at$1 x is evid5t t a portion ( ea* sw>m mu/ be 9 bo? hives4 ,a que5 9 ea* mu/ ( c\rse be a /rang] to at lea/ a "p ( ! bees2 ^! might1 if _! own "m 0 too ne>1 discov] h]1 & leave ! /rang] = an old acqua9tance1 &1 9 ! act ( go+1 call or attract ! :ole ) !m1 includ+ ! que54 ,i h kn[n a few in/ances ( ! k9d4 ,,"s ,,precautions ,,9 ,,hiv+ ,,two ,,sw>ms ,,toge!r4 ,if y are dispos$ to sep>ate !m1 b are afraid to "w among !m to ?is ext5t 9 ! middle ( ! day1 or if !re is dang] ( m issu+1 to mix ) !m1 & add to y\r p]plexity1 ( :i* y already h en\gh1 !n y c hive !m z a s+le sw>m2 b1 in/ead ( a bottom-bo>d1 inv]t an empty hive & set ! "o ) ! sw>m on ?is1 & ins]t a w$ge betwe5 !m1 = v5tilation4 ,z _m bees are liable to drop d[n1 9 ?is case ! l[] hive w cat* !m1 & !re is less dang] ( leav+4 ,let !m rema9 till ne> sunset1 :5 ano!r c\rse may be tak5 to f9d a que51 ?\gh by t "t "o is sometimes kill$2 yet x is well to "k ! fact4 ,take !m to "s place out ( ! sun1 z a less numb] w fly dur+ ! op]ation4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,f9d ,,que51 ,,:5 ,,two ,,/rang]s ,,are ,,toge!r4 ,fir/1 look into ! l[] hive = a dead que51 &1 if none is f\nd !re1 look ?or\ghly1 z f> z possible1 = a little compact clu/] ( bees1 ! size ( a h5's egg1 t may be roll$ ab\t )\t sep>at+4 ,secure ?is clu/] 9 a tumbl]2 x is q sure "o ( ! que5s is a prison] 9 ! middle2#af %\ld two be se51 get bo?4 ,!n divide ! bees1 & give ! "o de/itute1 a que52 or1 if y h two1 "o to ea*1 z ! case may be4 ,x w\ld be well fir/ to see if ! que5 0 alive1 by remov+ ! bees f ab\t h]4 ,b %\ld y f9d no?+ ( ! k9d1 spread a %eet on ! gr\nd1 %ake ! bees on "o end ( x1 & set ! hive on ! o!r2 !y w imm$iately beg9 a m>* = ! hive4 ,y may n[ see ! clu/]1 & may n2 b !y w spread out 9 m>*+1 & give a good *ance to see h] maje/y1 :5 a tumbl] is ! mo/ conv5i5t ?+ to set ov] h]4 ,no matt] if a few bees are %ut up ) h]1 !re is no risk1 !n1 9 y\r eag]ness to get ! que51 ( tak+ hold ( a work] or two4 ,a piece ( w9d[-glass c be slipp$ "u1 & y h h] safe1 & by ?is "t y w "k :at is to be done next4 ,?is op]ation c\ld n well be done 9 ! middle ( ! day1 or 9 ! sun1 z too _m bees w\ld be fly+1 & greatly int]f]e4 #af ,all /rang] que5s1 introduc$ into a /ock or sw>m1 are secur$ & deta9$ 9 ?is mann] by ! work]s1 b :e!r !y dispat* !m1 or ?is is a means adopt$ to incite !m to a deadly conflict1 writ]s d n agree1 & ,i %all n attempt a decision1 z ,i nev] saw ! bees volunt>ily release a que5 ?us conf9$4 ,b ,i h se5 que5s1 :5 no bees int]f]$1 ru% toge!r 9 a fatal r5c\nt]1 & "o ( !m 0 soon left a fall5 victim ( ! conte/4 ',tis said x nev] happ5s t bo? are kill$ 9 ^! battles1--p]haps n4 ,z ,i nev] saw q all ( ^! royal combats1 ( c\rse ,i _c decide4 ,%\ld y fail 9 f9d+ a que51 & _c succe$ 9 mak+ a division 9 consequ5ce1 or %\ld y resolve1 f want ( "t1 pati5ce or en]gy1 to let !m rema9 toge!r 9 ! beg9n+1 x is unnecess>y to get a hive any l>g] ?an usual = two sw>ms2 !y w c]ta9ly f9d room by cold wea!r3 if m ?an two1 !y %\ld be divid$ by all means2 x w be a disadvantage = ano!r ye>4 ,= ! fir/ f\r days1 :5 two l>ge sw>ms are toge!r1 x is necess>y to keep an inv]t$ hive "u !m1 b mu* long] x w\ld n d1 z !y might ext5d _! combs into ! l[] hive4 ,,boxes ,,= ,,d\ble ,,sw>ms ,,imm$iately4 ,x %\ld !n be tak5 out1 & boxes imm$iately put on1 :i* %\ld be *ang$ = empty ones1 z fa/ z !y are fill$4 ,yet1 ?is extra honey is n q z mu* advantage z increase ( /ocks2 :5 t is an object1 ,i w recomm5d ano!r disposition4 ,,return+ ,a ,,"p ,,to ,,! ,,old ,,/ock4 ,sep>ate "o-?ird or m ( ! two sw>ms1 be+ sure !re is no que5 ) ?is "p1 7by ! te/ giv5 ( sett+ !m at a di/ance7 & !n return !m to "o ( ! old /ocks2 !y w imm$iately ent] )\t cont5tion1 & issue aga9 9 ab\t n9e days1 or z soon z a "y que5 is matur$ to g ) !m4 ,!re may be an exception to ?is1 ( "o 9 tw5ty4 ,i w\ld h recomm5d$ ?is c\rse 9 all cases ( ! k9d1 b !re w be a loss ( "t = ! bees 9 ! old /ock2 because !y are apt to be r idle1 ev5 :5 !y might labor 9 ! boxes2 & "h !re is a loss ( "s eight or t5 days4 ,! collections ( a good sw>m may be e/imat$ at lea/ "o p\nd a day1 7(t5 two or ?ree47 ,a sw>m t j fills ! hive1 w\ld make at lea/ t5 p\nds box-honey1 if x c\ld h be5 locat$ t5 days e>li]4 ,/ill ano!r me?od may be adopt$ :5 y h a v small sw>m1 "o t is n likely to fill ! hive1 & has n be5 hiv$ m ?an two or ?ree days4 ,a ?ird ( y\r two sw>ms may be put 9 ) t2 tak+ c>e1 z be=e1 n to let y\r only que5 g ) !m4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,unit+4 ,! mann] ( do+ x is v simple2 get !m 9 a hive z be=e direct$1 & j> !m out 9 front ( ! "o y wi% !m to ent]1 or inv]t x1 sett+ ! o!r ov]1 & let !m run up4 ,,:5 ,,c>e ,,is ,,necess>y4 ,except on ! day ( sw>m+1 c>e is necess>y n to introduce a small numb] ) a l>ge sw>m2 !y are liable to be de/roy$4 ,! dang] is mu* great] ?an to put toge!r ab\t an equal numb]1 or a l>ge numb] put 9 ) a few4 ,! day t sw>ms issue1 !y w g5]ally mix peaceably1 b 9 proportion z "t int]v5es betwe5 ! issues1 s w be ! liability to qu>rel4 ,yet1 ,i h unit$ two families ( ab\t equal numb]s 9 ! fall & spr+1 &1 ) a few exceptions1 h _h no difficulty4 ,,sw>m-,,cat*]4 ,!re is ano!r me?od ( keep+ sw>ms sep>ate1 contriv$ & us$ by a ,mr4 ,l\cks1 ( ,h]kim] ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,he calls x a sw>m-cat*]2 he has a half doz5 ( !m1 & says he w\ld n d )\t = "o season1 = fifty doll>s1 z he has a l>ge api>y4 ,i made "o z ne> z ,i c\ld f see+ 81 )\t tak+ ! exact measure4 ,i got out f\r light po/s f\r & half feet long1 "o in* squ>e2 !n twelve pieces ( "o-qu>t] in* /uff1 f\r in*es wide2 ! f\r = ! top twelve in*es long1 = ! bottom two 7 f\rte5 in*es long1 & two 7 tw5ty4 ,^! 7 ?or\ghly nail$ on ! ends ( ! po/s1 mak+ x into an upright frame1 ! o!r f\r pieces 7 nail$ ar\nd ! middle1 :i* made ! frame firm]4 ,i made a frame = ! top1 ( f\r pieces1 ea* an in* & a half 9 wid?1 & half in* ?ick1 halv$ at ! ends & nail$ toge!r1 & fa/5$ by h+es to "o side ( ! top1 & a cat* to hold x %ut4 ,! :ole 0 n[ cov]$ ) v ?9 clo? to admit ! light1 b n s op5 z to let ! bees ?r\gh1 7,mr4 ,l\cks us$ clo? made = *eese-/ra9]s47 ,i n[ _h a cov]$ frame f\r & half feet high1 #ab in*es squ>e at ! top1 at ! bottom #ad by #bj1 ) a door or lid at ! top1 to let out ! bees4 ,on ea* side ( ! bottom ,i tack$ a piece ( common musl91 ne> a y>d 9 l5g?4 ,:5 a sw>m is ready to issue1 ! bottom ( ?is frame is set up be=e ! hive1 "o edge ( ! bottom re/s on ! bottom-bo>d1 ! o!r aga9/ ! side ( ! hive2 ! top sets (f f ! hive at an angle ( ab\t #de degrees1 "u :i* a brace is set to hold x4 ,! musl9 at ! bottom is to wrap ar\nd ! hive at ! side to prev5t ! escape ( ! bees4 ,! sw>m ru%es into ?is )\t any hesitation4 ,:5 done com+ out1 ! musl9 at ! bottom is drawn ov] x1 & ! frame is set 9 an upright position1 & all[$ to /& a few m9utes = ! bees to get quiet 9 ! top4 ,x is n[ to be laid on its side1 ! door op5$1 & ! bees hiv$4 ,9 ! few trials t ,i h giv5 x1 ,i succe$$ )\t difficulty4 ,b ,i w\ld rem>k1 t /ocks f :i* sw>ms are caught 9 ?is way1 mu/ n be rais$ at ! back side1 z a "p ( ! sw>m w\ld issue !re1 & n get into ! net4 ,mr4 ,l\cks _h 8 hive directly on ! bo>d2 & he told me he kept !m s ?r\gh ! season3 ! only places ( entrance 0 a spr\t out ( ! bottom ( ! front side1 ab\t ?ree in*es wide by half in* deep1 & a hole 9 ! side a few in*es up4 ,y w ?us p]ceive t /ocks f :i* sw>ms are hiv$ 9 ?is way mu/ be prep>$ = x previ\sly4 ,also1 x w be no use to su* bee-keep]s z dep5d on see+ _! sw>ms 9 ! air4 ,x w be b5eficial only 9 l>ge api>ies1 :]e sev]al sw>ms are liable to issue at once2 ! sw>m+ indications well und]/ood1 & ! api>ian on ! look\t4 ,,sw>ms ,,sometimes ,,return4 ,occasionally a sw>m w issue1 & 9 a few m9utes return to ! old /ock4 ,mr4 ,m9] gives a cause = ?is1 v +5i\s1 & romantic1 b un=tunately !re are b few facts to su/a9 ?is hypo!sis1 7at lea/ ,i h n discov]$ !m47 ,!re are o!r causes t appe> to me m reasonable2 ! mo/ common is ! inability ( ! old que5 to fly1 on acc\nt ( h] burd5 ( eggs1 old age1 or some?+ else4 ,i h sometimes1 aft] ! sw>m _h return$ f\nd ! que5 ne> ! /ock1 & put h] back1 & ! next day %e w\ld come out aga91 & fly )\t difficulty1 7p]haps %e _h dis*>g$ "s ( h] eggs47 ,_! return+ is m frequ5t 9 w9dy wea!r1 or :5 ! sun is p>tially obscur$ by cl\ds4 ,ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( !m w n re-issue until a "y que5 is matur$1 eight or t5 days aft]w>ds2 & a few1 n at all4 ,b :5 ! que5 returns ) ! sw>m1 !y usually come out aga9 ! next day1 or day aft]1 & "s n till ! ?ird or f\r?4 ,i h kn[n two in/ances :]e !y issu$ aga9 ! same day4 ,,repetition ,,prev5t$4 ,sometimes a sw>m w issue & return ?ree or f\r days 9 succession1 b ?is ,i g5]ally rem$y1 z x is (t5 ow+ to "s inability ( ! que51 & %e may be frequ5tly f\nd :ile ! sw>m is leav+ outside ! hive1 unable to fly4 ,9 su* cases x is only necess>y to h a tumbl] ready1 & wat* = h]2 & z soon z %e appe>s1 secure h]1 get ! empty hive = ! sw>m1 a %eet1 & put d[n a bottom-bo>d a few feet f ! /ock4 ,! sw>m is sure to come back2 ! fir/ bees t alight on ! hive w set up ! call2 z soon z ?is is p]ceiv$1 lose no "t 9 sett+ ! old /ock on ! bo>d1 & ?r[+ ! %eet ov] x to keep out ! bees4 ,put ! new "o 9 its place on ! /&1 & ! que5 9 x2 9 a few m9utes ! sw>m w be 9 ! new hive1 :5 x c be remov$1 & ! old "o replac$4 ,?is ,i h done _m times4 ,b %\ld ! sw>m beg9 to clu/] 9 a conv5i5t place1 :5 y h s caught ! que51 by be+ exp$iti\s %e may be put ) ! sw>m1 be=e !y h miss$ h] & may be hiv$ 9 ! usual way4 ,,liability ,,to ,,ent] ,,wrong ,,/ocks4 ,9 all cases1 :e!r y set a new hive 9 place ( ! old "o or n1 :5ev] a sw>m returns1 if o!r /ocks /& close on ea* side1 !y are q sure to receive a portion ( ! bees--probably a few hundr$s2 ^! are c]ta9 to be massacr$4 ,to prev5t :i*1 x is necess>y to ?r[ %eets ov] !m until ! sw>m has ga!r$ on _! own hive4 ,?is is ano!r reason = pl5ty ( room betwe5 /ocks4 ,%\ld no que5 be discov]$ dur+ _! issue1 or return1 %e %\ld be s\ght = 9 ! vic9ity ( ! hive1 & put back if f\nd1 & ! sw>m w be likely to issue sev]al days e>li]1 ?an to wait = a "y que54 ,:5 ! old que5 is actually lo/1 & ! bees h return$ to wait = a "y "o1 x is (t5 ready to leave "o or two days %ort ( ! "t requir$ = second sw>ms4 ,:e!r a great] numb] ( bees 9 ! old /ock creat+ m animal heat1 matures ! *rysalis 9 less "t ?an a /ock ?9n$ by ca/+ a sw>m1 or "s o!r cause1 ,i _c say4 ,i m5tion x because ,i h kn[n x to occur frequ5tly1 b n inv>iably4 ,a sw>m fly+1 unaccompani$ by a que51 is scatt]$ m ?an usual4 ,,fir/ ,,issues ,,g5]ally ,,*oose ,,fair ,,wea!r4 ,fir/ sw>ms are commonly m p>ticul> z to wea!r ?an aft] sw>ms4 ,!y h sev]al days f :i* to *oose1 aft] ^! royal cells are ready1 & be=e ! que5s are matur$2 & !y usually take a fair "o4 ,b "h aga9 are exceptions4 ,i once _h two fir/ sw>ms issue 9 a w9d t kept e bran* ( tree & bu% 9 agitation to su* a degree t x 0 impossible to f9d any su* place to clu/]4 ,i expect$ _! return to ! old hive2 b "h 7 m exceptions4 ,aft] repeat+ a fruitless attempt at ! bran*es1 !y gave x up1 & came d[n among/ ! grass on t]ra firma4 ,?is occurr$ aft] sev]al days ( ra9y wea!r4 ,! next day be+ pleasant1 twelve issu$2 almo/ prov+ t ! w9d ! prec$+ day kept back a "p4 ,i also knew "o to issue 9 a %[]1 t beat _m ( !m to ! gr\nd be=e !y c\ld clu/]4 ,9 ?is case ! %[] 0 sudd51 ! sun %one almo/ up to ! "t x began to ra94 ,ab\t ?is "t ! sw>m />t$ :5 x seem$ !y 7 unwill+ to turn ab\t4 ,,aft] ,,sw>ms4 ,aft] sw>ms are second & ?ird issues 7or all aft] ! fir/7 f a /ock2 & q a diff]5t affair f ! fir/1 z also are "s fir/ sw>ms1 :5 ! old que5 has be5 lo/1 be+ l$ out by "y que5s4 ,,_! ,,size4 ,second sw>ms are usually half z l>ge z ! fir/1 ! ?ird half z l>ge z ! second1 ! f\r? /ill less2 ) "s v>iations4 ,i give g5]al features1 notic+ only ! exceptions t occur mo/ frequ5tly2 o!rs sometimes happ51 b s seldom t m5tion+ !m is deem$ unnecess>y4 ,,"t ,,aft] ,,! ,,fir/4 ,:5ev] ! fir/ sw>m 9 a prosp]\s season 0 n kept back by f\l wea!r1 ! fir/ ( ! "y que5s 9 ! old /ock is ready to em]ge 9 ab\t eight days4 ,we w suppose ! fir/ sw>m issu$ on ,sunday2 a week f ! next ,tuesday w be usually z soon z ! second "o ne$ be expect$4 ,,pip+ ,,( ,,! ,,que54 ,on ! ,monday ev5+ previ\s1 or on ,tuesday morn+1 by putt+ y\r e> close to ! hive1 & li/5+ att5tively five m9utes1 y w he> a di/9ct pip+ noise1 l ! ^w peep1 peep1 utt]$ sev]al times 9 succession1 & !n an int]val ( sil5ce2 two or m may be (t5 he>d at ! same "t2 t ( "o w be %rill & f9e1 ( ano!r ho>se1 %ort & quick4 ,?is pip+ is easily he>d by any "o n actually deaf1 & n ! lea/ dang] ( its be+ tak5 = any humm+2 9 fact1 x is n to be mi/ak5 = any?+ else b pip+1 ev5 :5 y he> x = ! fir/ "t4 ,^! notes c probably nev] be he>d except :5 ! hive conta9s a plurality ( que5s4 ,,may ,,always ,,be ,,he>d ,,be=e ,,& ,,aft] ,,sw>m4 ,i nev] fail$ to he> x1 previ\s to a second sw>m1 or any aft] ! fir/1 :5ev] ,i li/5$2 & :5ev] ,i h li/5$ & n he>d x at ! prop] "t1 ,i nev] knew a second sw>m to issue6 ,,"t ,,( ,,cont9uance ,,v>ies4 ,! "t ( comm5c+ w be lat] ?an ?is rule 9 "s /ocks1 if ! wea!r is cool1 or n _m bees left2 x may be t5 or twelve days4 ,i once f\nd x f\rte5 be=e ,i he>d x4 ,also ! sw>m may n issue 9 two or ?ree days aft] y he> x4 ,! long] ! sw>m delays1 ! l\d] w be ! pip+2 ,i h he>d x di/9ctly tw5ty feet1 by li/5+ att5tively :5 ,i knew "o 0 ?us engag$2 b at fir/ x is r fa9t4 ,by putt+ y\r e> aga9/ ! hive x may be he>d ev5 9 ! middle ( ! day1 or at any "t be=e issu+4 ,! l5g? ( "t x may be he>d be=eh& seems to be gov]n$ aga9 by ! yield ( honey2 :5 abundant x is common = !m to issue ! next day2 b :5 some:at sc>ce1 !y w be mu* long]--v (t5 ?ree or f\r days4 ,9 ^! cases ?ird sw>ms seldom occur4 ,,"t ,,betwe5 ,,second ,,& ,,?ird ,,issues4 ,pip+ = ?ird sw>ms 7:5 !y issue7 may usually be he>d ! ev5+ aft] ! second has left1 ?\gh "o day commonly int]v5es betwe5 _! issues4 ,"h my exp]i5ce is at v>iance ) _m writ]s1 :o give sev]al days betwe5 ! second & ?ird4 ,i d n recollect an in/ance ( m ?an ?ree days betwe51 b _m 9 less1 sev]al ! next1 & "o ! same day ( ! second6 ,i _h an in/ance ( a sw>m los+ its que5 7! old "o7 on its fir/ sally1 & return$ to wait = ! "y ones2 :5 !y 7 ready1 an uncommon numb] ( bees 7 pres5t2 ?ree sw>ms issu$ 9 ?ree days6 ,on ! f\r?1 ano!r came out & return$2 ! fif? day x left2 mak+ f\r regul> sw>ms 9 five days4 ,on ! eigh?1 ! fif? sw>m left6 ,al?\gh ,i nev] _h five sw>ms f a /ock be=e1 yet ,i expect$ ?is1 f ! fact ( he>+ ! pip+ on ! next ev5+ aft] ! f\r? "o _h left4 ,! pip+ _h cont9u$ 9 ?is hive f ! ev5+ previ\s to ! fir/ sw>m till ! la/ "o _h left4 ,,n ,,always ,,to ,,be ,,dep5d$ ,,^u4 ,"o /ock 9 fifte5 may comm5ce pip+1 yet s5d out no sw>m4 ,! bees w *ange _! m9ds ab\t com+ out1 & kill _! que5s1 or all[ ! elde/ "o ( !m to de/roy ! o!rs1 or "s o!r way1 z !y d n always sw>m 9 su* circum/ances4 ,b :5 ! pip+ cont9ues ov] tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ,i nev] knew b "o failure6 ,i h kn[n a few 7two or ?ree7 to comm5ce ?is pip+1 :ile ,i suppos$ ! old que5 0 yet pres5t1 & _h n left ! hive1 on acc\nt ( bad wea!r1 b a sw>m issu$ soon aft]4 ,also1 ?ree in/ances :]e ,i suppos$ ! old que5 lo/1 f "s o!r cause ?an lead+ out a sw>m1 & ! /ock re>$ "s "y ones to supply h] place4 ,x occurr$ 9 or ne> ! sw>m+ season1 & "o or two issues 0 ! consequ5ce4 ,"o case 0 ?ree weeks 9 advance ( ! season1 & ! sw>m 0 ab\t half ! usual size4 ,:5 a sw>m has be5 out1 & return$ at ! la/ ( ! sw>m+ season1 x is mu* m probable to re-issue1 ?an if x dep5d$ on an old que5 = a lead]1 t _h n be5 out4 ,su* w sometimes be a week or t5 days lat] ?an o!rs4 ,once ,i _h ! fir/ sw>m kept back by wet wea!r1 & ! second came out on ! fif? day aft]2 sev]al o!r in/ances on ! sev5? & eigh?2 & "o z late z ! sixte5?1 aft] ! fir/4 ,a ,,rule ,,= ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,^! ,,issues4 ,?is may be put d[n z a rule1 t all aft] sw>ms mu/ be out by ! eighte5? day f ! fir/4 ,i nev] f\nd an exception1 unless ! foll[+ may be consid]$ s3 ,:5 a sw>m left ! middle ( ,may1 & ano!r ! fir/ ( ,july1 sev5 weeks aft]1 b two cases ( ?is k9d h come up1 & ^! ,i consid] r 9 ! light ( fir/ sw>ms1 z !y leave "u ! same circum/ances1 leav+ ! combs 9 ! old /ock fill$ ) brood1 que5-cells f9i%$1 c4 ,a /ock may ca/ sw>ms 9 ,june1 & a buck:eat sw>m 9 ,augu/1 on ! same pr9ciple4 ,,:5 ,,x ,,is ,,useless ,,to ,,expect ,,m ,,sw>ms4 ,!re=e1 bee-keep]s hav+ b few /ocks1 w f9d x unnecess>y to wat* _! bees :5 ! la/ ( ! fir/ sw>ms came out sixte5 or eighte5 days be=e4 ,mu* tr\ble may be ?us sav$ by und]/&+ ?is matt]4 ,dur+ my e>ly days 9 beekeep+1 ,i wi%$ = ! greate/ possible increase ( /ocks4 ,i _h "s t _h ca/ ! fir/ sw>m1 & soon aft] clu/]$ out aga94 ,i va9ly wat*$ !m = weeks & mon?s1 expect+ ano!r sw>m4 ,b _h ,i und]/ood ! modus op]&i1 z ! read] may n[ und]/& x1 ,i %\ld h be5 ?r\gh ) all my anxiety1 z well z wat*+1 9 a =tnight4 ,z x 01 x la/$ two mon?s4 ,i f\nd no "o to give me any light on ?is subject1 or ev5 tell me :5 ! sw>m+ season 0 ov]1 & ,i came v ne> wat*+ all summ]6 ,,plurality ,,( ,,que5s ,,de/roy$4 ,:5 ! bees1 que5s1 or all toge!r1 decide t no m sw>ms are to issue1 ! plurality ( que5s is de/roy$1 & b "o is left4 ,x is probable t ! olde/ & /ronge/ que5 dispat*es ! o!rs1 g5]ally :ile 9 ! cells4 ,i once _h "s artificial que5s re>$1 z an exp]im5t1 f common eggs1 on ! top ( a hive1 9 a small glass box1 :]e !re 0 room = b "o comb1 :i* all[$ me to see all p>ticul>s4 ,,! ,,mann]4 ,aft] ! fir/ que5 0 matur$1 & _h left h] cell1 ,i caught h] )9 six h\rs1 tak+ advantage ( h] y\ng] si/]s1 :i* 7 yet seal$ up1 & ( c\rse c\ld (f] no resi/ance4 ,%e fir/ made an op5+ t w\ld all[ h] to rea* ! abdom5 ( h] competitor 7probably ?is is ! mo/ vuln]able74 ,z soon z ?is 0 suffici5tly l>ge to admit h] body1 %e ?ru/ x 91 inflict+ ! fatal /+4 ,?is 0 !n left = ano!r1 t soon %>$ ! same fate4 ,if quick & spiteful movem5ts are any indications ( hatr$1 x 0 manife/$ "h v pla9ly4 ,! bees enl>g$ ! orifice & dragg$ out ! n[ dead que5s4 ,n[1 if ,i %\ld say t all que5s 7 dispat*$ 9 ?is way1 m]ely because ,i witness$ x 9 ?is case1 x w\ld be c>ry+ out ! pr9ciple ,i am endeavor+ to avoid3 t is1 judg+ all cases f "o or two solit>y facts4 ,z x is1 x is some:at confirmatory ( :at "s o!rs h said4 ,i w suppose1 !n1 until fur!r evid5ce contradicts x1 t ! fir/ p]fect que5 leav+ h] cell1 makes x h] bus9ess to de/roy all rivals 9 _! cradle1 z soon z x is decid$ t no m sw>ms %all issue4 ,by keep+ grass1 we$s1 c41 away f ab\t ! /ock1 ^! dead que5s1 z !y are br\ght out1 may be frequ5tly f\nd4 ,su* z are remov$ dur+ ! night may be (t5 f\nd on ! floor-bo>d 9 ! morn+4 ,i h f\nd a doz5 by "o /ock4 ,%\ld ! /ock s5d out b "o sw>m1 !y may be f\nd ab\t ! "t1 or a little be=e y w\ld li/5 = ! pip+4 ,b %\ld aft] sw>ms come out1 !y w1 or may be f\nd ! next morn+ aft] x is decid$ t no m are to issue4 ,x is v seldom t all ! que5s re>$ are ne$$4 ,!y make x a rule1 z f> z !y h control1 to g on safe pr9ciples1 by hav+ a little m ?an j en\gh4 ,:5 sev]al su* bodies are ?r[n out1 & no pip+ is he>d1 no fur!r sw>m+ ne$ be expect$4 ,b %\ld y he> ! pip+ a day or two aft] f9d+ a dead que51 y may yet look = ! sw>m4 ,,!ory ,,d\bt$4 ,x is /at$ t :5 ! bees decide an aft] sw>m %all issue1 ! fir/ que5 matur$ is n all[$ to leave h] cell1 b kept a prison] !re1 & f$ until want$ to g =? ) ! sw>m4 ,?is may be true 9 "s cases 7?\gh n satisfactorily prov$71 b ,i am q sure x is n 9 all4 ,:5 %e is conf9$ to h] cell1 h[ does %e asc]ta9 ! pres5ce ( o!rs8 ,by leav+ ! cell1 ?is k is easily obta9$4 ,hub] says %e does1 & is enrag$ at ! exi/5ce ( o!rs1 & endeavors to de/roy !m :ile yet 9 ! cell1 :i* ! work]s w n all[2 ?is is s irritat+ to h] maje/y t %e utt]s ?is peculi> s\nd4 ,also second & ?ird sw>ms may conta9 sev]al que5s1 frequ5tly two1 ?ree1 & f\r2 ev5 six at "o "t come out4 ,if ^! _h to bite _! way out1 aft] ! work]s _h decid$ x 0 "t to />t 7= x mu/ be !y decide x :5 ! que5s are %ut up71 !y w\ld h>dly be 9 season4 ,,aft] ,,sw>ms ,,diff]5t ,,9 ,,appe>ance ,,f ,,! ,,fir/ ,,:5 ,,ab\t ,,to ,,issue4 ,ano!r ?+1 :5 aft] sw>ms />t1 ! appe>ance ab\t ! entrance is altoge!r diff]5t f fir/ ones1 unless !re is an unusual numb] ( bees4 ,i h said t = a little "t be=eh&1 t su* 7 9 an app>5t tumult1 c4 ,b aft] sw>ms seldom give any su* notice4 ,"o or m ( ! "y que5s may sometimes be se5 to run out1 & back1 sev]al times 9 a few m9utes1 9 a p]fect fr5zy2 sometimes fly a %ort di/ance1 & return be=e ! sw>m w get />t$ 7:i* %e c\ld n d if conf9$74 ,! work]s seem m reluctant ab\t leav+ ?an 9 fir/ sw>ms1 :5 a "m in/ead ( a si/] is lead]4 ,ev5 aft] ! sw>m is 9 motion1 %e may return & ent] ! hive a mom5t4 ,no d\bt %e f9ds x necess>y to animate or induce z _m z possible to leave ) h]4 ,a p]son wat*+ ! issue ( a second sw>m "u ^! circum/ances1 = ! fir/ "t1 & f9d+ ! que5 leav+ fir/1 w\ld v likely guess all mu/ be alike4 ,p]haps ! next "o w\ld be diff]5t2 ! fir/ ?+ se5 might be ! sw>m leav+1 & no que5 discov]$ at all4 ,b to return to ! imprisonm5t ( ! que5s4 ,i h "o o!r fact 9 objection4 ,i once saw a que5 runn+ ab\t 9 a glass hive1 :ile !y 7 pip+ = a second sw>m4 ,%e 0 ne> ! glass1 appe>$ agitat$1 /opp+ occasionally to vibrate h] w+s1 :i* 0 simultane\s ) ! pip+1 & seem$ to make x4 ,! work]s appe>$ to take b little notice ( h]4 ,! next day ! sw>m left4 ,"h 0 "o in/ance1 at lea/1 ( h] n be+ conf9$ till ! "t ( leav+1 mak+ an exception1 if n a rule4 ,let ?is matt] be z x may1 ,i admit x makes b little diff]5ce to ! practical api>ian1 ei!r way2 b to ! read] ^: int]e/ is ! natural hi/ory ( ! bee1 ! tru? is important4 ,,"t ,,( ,,day1 ,,wea!r1 ,,etc4 ,^! aft] sw>ms are n v p>ticul> ab\t ! wea!r2 heavy w9ds1 a few cl\ds1 & sometimes a slight spr9kl+ ( ra91 w n always det] !m4 ,nei!r are !y v precise ab\t ! "t ( day4 ,i h kn[n !m 9 a w>m morn+ to issue be=e sev5 o'clock1 & aft] five ,p4,m4 ,^! ?+s %\ld be und]/ood2 because1 :5 aft] sw>ms are expect$ 7( :i* ! pip+ w give w>n+71 x is necess>y to wat* !m 9 wea!r1 & at times :5 fir/ ones w\ld n v5ture to leave4 ,,sw>ms ,,necess>y ,,to ,,be ,,se54 ,x is ess5tial t y see !m1 t y may "k :]e !y clu/]1 o!rwise x might be difficult to f9d !m4 ,!y are apt to g f>!r f ! p>5t /ock ?an o!rs2 sometimes fifty rods1 & !n settle 9 two places1 p]haps t di/ance ap>t1 9 "s high or inconv5i5t place to get at4 7,let me n be misund]/ood3 ,i d n say !y all d s1 or ev5 ! majority2 b ,i wi% to say t a great] portion ( ^! sw>ms d s ?an ( ! fir/47 ,if !y clu/] 9 two places1 a que5 may be 9 ea*1 & !y w rema91 & :5 y h hiv$ "o "p y may ?9k y h all4 ,if "o clu/] is )\t a que51 !y w jo9 ! o!r if ne>2 b :5 di/ant1 w be v likely to return to ! old /ock soon1 unless put toge!r4 ,i _h a sw>m light 9 two places1 9 exactly opposite directions f ! /ock4 ,9 "o1 a good sw>m _h clu/]$2 9 ! o!r1 "s less ?an a p9t4 ,! small "p _h "o or m que5s1 ! o!r none4 ,x 0 p]ceiv$ at once by _! movem5ts4 ,n[1 if we provide a hive = a sw>m1 & get a few to set up ! call or buzz+1 !y w n leave till t is /opp$4 ,!re is g5]ally no difficulty to />t x4 ,! sure/ way is to j> a portion or all directly into ! hive4 ,x takes a few m9utes to get compos$1 & miss ! que54 ,9 my case ,i got !m 9 ! hive1 & be=e !y miss$ ! que51 c>ri$ !m to ! small clu/]1 :i* ,i got 9 a dipp] & empti$ 9 front ( ! hive2 !y ent]$1 & all 7 peaceable4 ,y w !re=e see ! necessity ( wat*+ su* sw>ms1 to see if !re is no sep>ation1 if no?+ else4 ,,return+ ,,aft] ,,sw>ms ,,to ,,! ,,old ,,/ock4 ,mu* has be5 said ab\t return+ all aft] sw>ms to ! old /ock2 ! advantages ( :i* w dep5d on ! "t ( issu+2 :e!r late or e>ly1 ! yield ( honey1 etc4 ,x w\ld be unusual to h _m aft] sw>ms )\t a lib]al yield ( honey1 = ! "t be+2 b to tell ( its cont9uance is ! "q to be answ]$4 ,second1 & ev5 ?ird sw>ms1 if e>ly 9 ! season1 & ! honey cont9ues pl5tiful1 may be hiv$1 & ^!1 toge!r ) ! old /ock1 w prosp]4 ,"h ! api>ian ne$s a little judgm5t & exp]i5ce to guide him4 ,,:5 ,,!y ,,%\ld ,,be ,,return$4 ,x is always be/1 if possible1 to h good /rong families4 ,:5 aft] sw>ms are late x is safe/ to return !m1 z ! old /ock w ne$ !m to repl5i% ! hive1 & prep>e = w9t]4 ,also a less numb] ( worms w infe/ x1 :5 well provid$ ) bees2 & ! *ances ( box honey are great]4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,do+ ,,x4 ,b ! process ( return+ su* requires "s little pati5ce & p]sev]ance4 ,i h said !re may be a doz5 "y que5s 9 ! old /ock4 ,n[ suppose "o1 two1 or m leave ) ! sw>m1 & y return ! :ole toge!r1 !re is no?+ to prev5t _! lead+ out ! sw>m aga9 ! next day4 ,!re=e x is policy to keep ! que5s back4 ,! lea/ tr\ble is to hive 9 ! usual way1 & let !m /& till ! next morn+4 ,x w save y ! tr\ble ( look+ = m ?an "o1 if !re %\ld be m1 = all b t are de/roy$ by t "t4 ,!re is a *ance1 also1 = ! old /ock to decide t no m %\ld issue1 & all[ all b "o to be sla9 !re4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 & y f9d ! "o ) ! sw>m1 y w h no fur!r tr\ble by _! re-issu+4 ,!y %\ld be return$ z soon z ! next morn+1 o!rwise !y might n agree1 ev5 :5 put 9 ! old home4 ,to return !m1 & f9d a que5 easily1 get a wide bo>d a few feet long2 let "o end re/ on ! gr\nd1 ! o!r ne> ! entrance1 t !y may ent] ! hive )\t fly+2 !n %ake out ! sw>m on ! l[] end ( ! bo>d2 b few w fly1 b soon comm5ce runn+ up t[>ds ! hive2 ! fir/ "o t discov]s ! entrance w set up ! call = ! o!rs4 ,if !y d n discov] x1 :i* is ! case sometimes1 scatt] "s ( !m ne> x1 & !y w soon comm5ce m>*+ up1 :5 y %\ld look out =1 & secure ! que51 z !y spread & give a good *ance4 ,by apply+ y\r e> to ! hive1 ! pip+ w tell y if !y are to issue aga94 ,x is evid5t1 if y foll[ ^! directions1 t ! sw>m _c issue _m times be=e _! /ock ( royalty w be exhau/$2 & :5 b "o que5 rema9s ! pip+ w cease1 & no fur!r tr\ble w be _h4 ,to prev5t ^! aft] sw>ms1 "s writ]s recomm5d turn+ ov] ! hive & cutt+ out all ! royal cells b "o4 ,?is ,i h f\nd impracticable ) a great _m /ocks4 ,"s ( ! cells are too ne> ! top to be se51 consequ5tly ?is _c always be dep5d$ ^u4 ,z = a rule ab\t return+1 x is some:at difficult to give "o4 ,if ,i %\ld say1 return all su* z issue aft] ! #bj? ( ,june1 ! v>iation 9 ! season might be two or ?ree weeks1 ev5 9 ! same latitude2 i4e41 ! c\rse ( fl[]s t _h bloom$ by t date 9 "o season might1 ano!r ye>1 require two weeks m to br+ out4 ,also1 ! #bj? ( ,june1 9 latitude ( ,new ,york ,city1 is z late z ! #d? ( ,july 9 _m places fur!r nor?4 ,i once _h a second sw>m on ! #aa? ( ,july1 t w9t]$ well1 hav+ ne>ly fill$ ! hive4 ,yet1 9 "s seasons1 ! fir/ sw>ms1 ( ! la/ ( ,june1 h fail$ to get en\gh4 ,9 sections :]e mu* buck:eat is rais$1 late sw>ms d m t[>ds fill+ _! hives ?an :]e !re is none4 ,,m ,,c>e ,,ne$$ ,,by ,,aft] ,,sw>ms ,,:5 ,,hiv$4 ,%\ld x be ?\ght be/ to hive aft] sw>ms1 & risk ! *ances1 !y %\ld receive a little extra att5tion aft] ! fir/ week or two1 to de/roy ! worms2 a little timely c>e may prev5t consid]able injury4 ,!y are apt to con/ruct m combs 9 proportion to ! numb] ( bees1 ?an o!rs2 consequ5tly1 su* combs _c be prop]ly cov]$ & protect$4 ,! mo? has an opportunity to deposit h] eggs on !m1 &1 sometimes1 entirely de/roy !m4 ,,two ,,may ,,be ,,unit$4 ,:5ev] ^! sw>ms issue ne> en\gh toge!r1 x is be/ to unite !m4 ,i h said second sw>ms 7 g5]ally half z l>ge z ! fir/4 ,by ?is rule1 two second sw>ms w\ld conta9 z _m bees z a fir/ "o1 & f\r ( ! ?ird1 or "o ( ! second issue1 & two ( ! ?ird1 c4 ,if ! fir/ & second are ( ! ord9>y size1 ,i ?9k x advisable always to return ! ?ird4 ,b 9 l>ge api>ies x is common = !m to issue )\t any previ\s w>n+1 j :5 a fir/ "o is leav+1 & cr[d !mselves into _! company1 & seem+ to be z mu* at home z ?\gh !y 7 equally respectable4 ,:5ev] ! hives conta9+ our sw>ms are full or v ne> x1 ! boxes %\ld be put on )\t delay1 unless ! season ( honey is s ne>ly gone z to make x unnecess>y4 ,i h f\nd x an advantage to hive a few ( ^! v small sw>ms1 on purpose to pres]ve que5s1 to supply "s old /ocks t sometimes lose _! own at ! extreme end ( ! sw>m+ season4 ,! cases to be m5tion$ at ! la/ ( ! next *apt]4 ,i try & save "o = ab\t e tw5ty /ocks t h sw>m$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,loss ,,( ,,que5s4 ,,( ,,sw>ms ,,t ,,lose ,,_! ,,que54 ,sw>ms t lose _! que5 ! fir/ few h\rs aft] be+ hiv$1 g5]ally return to ! p>5t /ock2 ) ! exception t !y sometimes unite ) "s o!r4 ,if mu* "t has elaps$ be=e ! loss1 !y rema91 unless /&+ on ! same b5* ) ano!r4 ,on a sep>ate /& !y cont9ue _! labor1 b a l>ge sw>m dim9i%es rapidly1 & seldom fills an ord9>y-siz$ hive4 ,"o s+ul> circum/ance att5ds a sw>m t is con/ruct+ combs )\t a que54 ,i h nev] se5 x notic$ by any "o1 & may n always be ! case1 b e in/ance t has come "u my notice1 ,i h s f\nd x4 ,t is1 f\r-fif?s ( ! combs are drone-cells2 :y !y ?us con/ruct !m is ano!r subject = speculation1 f :i* ,i w endeavor 9 ?is in/ance to refra94 ,a ,,sugge/ion ,,& ,,an ,,answ]4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ z a pr(itable speculation1 to hive a l>ge sw>m )\t a que51 & give !m a piece ( brood-comb conta9+ eggs1 to re> "o1 & !n z soon z x is matur$1 deprive !m ( x1 giv+ !m ano!r piece ( comb1 & cont9ue x ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 putt+ on boxes = surplus honey4 ,! bees hav+ no "y brood to consume any honey1 no "t w be lo/1 or tak5 to nurse !m1 & z a consequ5ce !y w be enabl$ to /ore l>ge quantities ( surplus honey4 ,?is appe>s v plausible1 & to a p]son )\t exp]i5ce some:at conclusive4 ,if success dep5d$ on "s animal ^: lease ( life 0 a little long]1 x w\ld answ] bett] to calculate 9 ?is way4 ,b z a bee seldom sees ! anniv]s>y ( its bir?day1 & mo/ ( !m p]i% ! fir/ few mon?s ( _! exi/5ce1 x is bad economy4 ,x w be f\nd t ! l>ge/ am\nt ( our surplus honey is obta9$ f our prolific /ocks4 ,!re=e x is all-important t e sw>m & /ock has a que5 to repair ?is con/ant loss4 ,a ,,disput$ ,,"q4 ,we n[ approa* ano!r disput$ po9t 9 natural hi/ory1 relative to ! que5 leav+ at any "t except :5 lead+ out a sw>m4 ,mo/ writ]s say t ! "y que5 leaves ! hive1 & meets h] p>am\r1 ! drone1 on ! w+4 ,o!rs d5y ?is positively1 hav+ wat*$ a :ole summ] )\t see+ h] highness leave4 ,consequ5tly !y h arriv$ at ! v plausible & app>5tly consi/5t conclusion1 t nature nev] int5d$ x to be s1 s9ce x mu/ happ5 at a "t :5 ! exi/5ce ( ! :ole family dep5ds entirely on ! life ( ! que54 ,! /ock at su* times conta9s no eggs or l>vae1 f :i* to re> ano!r1 if %e %\ld be lo/4 ,! *ances at su* times ( be+ dev\r$ by birds1 bl[n away by ! w9ds1 & o!r casualties1 are too _m1 & x is n probable ! ,creator w\ld h s arrang$ x4 ,b facts are /ubborn ?+s2 !y w n yield "o jot to favor ! mo/ f9ely-spun hypo!sis2 !y are mo/ provok+ly ob/9ate1 _m times4 ,:5 man1 )\t ! necess>y obs]vation1 takes a survey ?r\gh animat$ nature1 & f9ds ) sc>cely an exception t male & female are ab\t equal 9 numb]1 he is ready1 & (t5 does conclude t "o bee among ?\s&s _c be ! only "o capable ( reproduction or deposit+ eggs4 ,:y1 ! idea is prepo/]\s6 ,& yet only a little obs]vation w upset ?is v consi/5t & analog\s reason+4 ,s x appe>s to be ) ! excursions ( ! "y que5s4 ,i 0 compell$1 ?\gh reluctantly1 to admit t !y leave ! hive4 ,t _! purpose is to meet ! drones1 ,i _c at pres5t contradict4 ,also1 t1 :5 ! que5 is once impregnat$1 x is op]ative = life1 7yet x is ano!r anomaly71 z ,i nev] detect$ h] com+ out aga9 = t purpose4 ,:at !n is ! use ( ! t5 ?\s& drones t nev] fulfil ?is important duty8 ,x seems1 inde$1 l a useless wa/e ( labor & honey1 = ea* /ock to re> "s twelve or fifte5 hundr$1 :5 p]haps b "o1 sometimes n any ( ! :ole numb] is ( any use4 ,if ! risk is great 9 ! que5's leav+1 we f9d x arrang$ admirably 9 its n be+ too frequ5t4 ,a ,,multitude ,,( ,,drones ,,ne$$4 ,in/9ct tea*es ! bee to make ! matt]s left to !m z ne>ly sure z possible4 ,:5 !y want "o que51 !y raise half a doz54 ,if "o drone or only half a doz5 7 re>$1 ! *ances ( ! que5 meet+ "o 9 ! air w\ld be v mu* r$uc$4 ,b :5 a ?\s& are 9 ! air in/ead ( "o1 ! *ances are a ?\s& times multipli$4 ,if a /ock ca/s a sw>m1 !re is a "y que5 to be impregnat$1 & be got safely back1 or ! /ock is lo/4 ,e "t %e leaves1 !re is a *ance ( h] be+ lo/1 7"o 9 fifte574 ,if ! numb] ( drones 0 any less ?an x is1 ! que5 w\ld h to repeat h] excursions 9 proportion1 be=e successful4 ,z x is1 "s h to leave sev]al times4 ,! *ances & consequ5ces are s great1 t on ! :ole no d\bt b x is bett] to re> a ?\s& unnecess>ily1 ?an to lack "o j 9 "t ( ne$4 ,!re=e let u endeavor to be cont5t ) ! pres5t arrangem5t1 inasmu* z we c\ld n bett] x1 & probably _h we be5 consult$1 w\ld h s fix$ ! ?+1 t x w\ld n g at all4 ,b :at is ! use ( ! drones 9 hives t d n sw>m1 & d n int5d x1 situat$ 9 a l>ge room or v l>ge hives8 ,su* circum/ances seldom produce sw>ms1 yet z regul> z ! return ( summ]1 a brood ( drones appe>4 ,:at are !y =8 ,suppose ! old que5 9 su* hive dies1 leav+ eggs or "y l>vae1 & a "y que5 is re>$ to supply h] place4 ,h[ is %e to be impregnat$ )\t ! drones8 ,p]haps !y are taught t :5ev] !y c af=d x1 !y %\ld h "s on h& to be ready = an em]g5cy4 ,i h already said :5 bees are num]\s1 & honey abundant1 !y nev] fail to provide !m4 ,i once put a sw>m 9 a glass hive4 ,! que5 0 a cripple1 hav+ lo/ "o ( h] po/]ior legs2 9 two mon?s aft] %e 0 replac$ by "o "y & p]fect4 ,"h 0 an in/ance ( drones be+ ne$$1 :5 no int5tion ( sw>m+ 0 indicat$2 ! hive 0 b little m ?an half full4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,liable ,,to ,,be ,,lo/ ,,9 ,,h] ,,excursions4 ,?is excursion ( ! que51 :5ev] ,i h witness$ x1 always took place a little aft] ! middle ( ! day1 :5 ! drones 7 out 9 ! greate/ numb]s4 ,at su* times ,i h se5 !m leave amid r m commotion ?an usual among ! work]s4 ,i h wat*$ _! return1 :i* v>i$ f ?ree m9utes to half an h\r1 & se5 !m hov] ar\nd _! own hive1 app>5tly 9 d\bt :e!r !y belong$ 9 t1 or ! next2 9 a few in/ances !y h actually settl$ on ! neighbor+ hive1 & w\ld h !re p]i%$1 b = my assi/ance 9 putt+ !m "r4 ,,! ,,"t ,,:5 ,,x ,,occurs4 ,?us we see t que5s are lo/ on ^! occasions f "s cause1 & "p ( !m by ent]+ ! wrong hive1 p]haps mo/ ( !m2 if s1 x is ano!r good reason = n pack+ /ocks too close4 ,! hives are v (t5 ne>ly alike 9 color & appe>ance4 ,! que5 com+ out = ! fir/ "t 9 h] life1 is no d\bt confus$ by ?is simil>ity4 ,! numb] ( su* losses 9 a season has v>i$3 "o ye> ! av]age 0 "o 9 n9e1 ano!r x 0 "o 9 ?irte51 & ano!r "o 9 tw5ty4 ,! "t f ! fir/ sw>m also v>ies f twelve to tw5ty days4 ,! inexp]i5c$ read] %\ld n =get t x is ! old /ocks :i* h ca/ sw>ms1 :]e ^! accid5ts happ52 ! old que5 hav+ left ) ! fir/ sw>m4 ,also all aft] sw>ms are liable to ! same loss4 ,i w\ld sugge/ t ^! h abundant room giv5 betwe5 ! hives2 if x is necess>y to pack close1 let x be ! fir/ sw>ms1 :]e ! old que5 has no occasion to leave4 ,hav+ nev] se5 ?is matt] fully discuss$1 ,i wi% to be some:at p>ticul>1 & flatt] myself t ,i %all be able to direct ! c>eful api>ian h[ to save a few /ocks & sw>ms annually1 t is1 if he keeps _m4 ,a few ye>s ago1 ,i wrote an article = ! ,albany ,cultivator4 ,a subscrib] ( t pap] told me a ye> aft]w>ds t he sav$ two /ocks ! next summ] by ! in=mation2 !y 7 wor? at lea/ five doll>s ea*1 en\gh to pay = 8 pap] t5 ye>s or m4 ,:5 a /ock ca/s b "o sw>m1 ! que5 hav+ no competitors to int]f]e ) h] movem5ts1 w leave 9 ab\t f\rte5 days1 if ! wea!r is fair2 b %\ld an aft] sw>m leave1 ! olde/ ( ! "y que5s w probably g ) t1 ( c\rse3 !n1 x mu/ be lat] be=e ! next is ready3 x may be tw5ty days1 or ev5 m2 ^? ) aft] sw>ms w v>y f "o to six4 ,x always mu/ occur :5 no eggs or l>vae exi/1 & no means left to repair ?is loss2 a loss x is1 & a s]i\s "o2 ! bees are 9 z mu* tr\ble z _! own]1 & a great deal m1 !y seem+ to und]/& ! consequ5ces1 & he1 if he kn[s no?+ ( ! matt]1 has no tr\ble4 ,%\ld he n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 le>n ! nature ( x1 he w at ! same "t und]/& ! rem$y4 ,,indications ,,( ,,! ,,loss4 ,! next morn+ aft] a loss ( ?is k9d has occurr$1 & occasionally at ev5+1 ! bees may be se5 runn+ ab\t 9 ! greate/ con/]nation1 outside1 to & fro on ! sides4 ,"s w fly (f a %ort di/ance & return2 "o w run to ano!r1 & !n to ano!r1 /ill 9 hopes1 no d\bt1 ( f9d+ _! lo/ sov]eign6 ,a neighbor+ hive close by1 on ! same b5*1 w probably receive a portion1 :i* w seldom resi/ an accession "u su* circum/ances4 ,all ?is w be go+ on :ile o!r hives are quiet4 ,t[>ds ! middle ( ! day1 ?is confusion w be less m>k$2 b ! next morn+ x w be exhibit$ aga91 ?\gh n s pla9ly1 & cease aft] ! ?ird1 :5 !y become app>5tly reconcil$ to _! fate4 ,!y w cont9ue _! labors z usual1 br++ 9 poll5 & honey4 ,"h ,i am oblig$ to diff] ) writ]s :o tell u t all labor w n[ cease4 ,i hope ! read] w n be deceiv$ by suppos+ t because ! bees are br++ 9 poll51 t !y mu/ h a que52 ,i c assure y x is n always ! case4 ,,! ,,result4 ,! numb] ( bees w gradually decrease1 & be all gone by ! e>ly "p ( w9t]1 leav+ a good supply ( honey1 & an extra quantity ( bee-bread1 z be=e m5tion$1 because !re has be5 no "y brood to consume x4 ,?is is ! case :5 a l>ge family 0 left at ! "t ( ! loss4 ,:5 b few bees are left1 x is v diff]5t2 ! combs are unprotect$ by a cov]+ ( bees2 ! mo? deposits h] eggs on !m1 & ! worms soon f9i% up ! :ole4 ,yet ! bees f ! o!r /ocks w g5]ally fir/ remove ! honey4 ,,age ,,( ,,bees ,,indicat$4 ,hundr$s ( bee-keep]s lose "s ( _! /ocks 9 ?is way1 & c assign no reasonable cause4 ,:y1 say !y1 !re wasn't tw5ty bees 9 ! hive2 x 0 all full ( honey1 or worms1 z ! case may be4 ,only a %ort "t be=e1 x 0 full ( bees2 ,i got ?ree good sw>ms f x1 & x always _h be5 fir/ rate1 b all at once ! bees 7 gone4 ,i don't und]/& x6 ,su* bee-keep]s _c und]/& h[ rapidly a family ( bees dim9i%1 :5 !re is no que5 to repl5i% ) "y ?is mortality ( ! old ones4 ,i d\bt :e!r ! l>ge/ & be/ family possibly c\ld be made to exi/ six mon?s1 )\t a que5 = _! r5ewal1 except1 p]haps1 ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,:5 /&+ close on "o b5*1 !y are gone soon] ?an if on sep>ate /&s1 z !y (t5 jo9 a neighbor+ hive :5 !y c walk to x4 ,,necessity ,,( ,,c>e4 ,z ?is tumult _c be se5 b a few days at mo/1 x is well--yes1 x is necess>y--to make x a duty to glance at ! hives at ?is p]iod aft] sw>m+1 e morn+2 a glance is suffici5t to tell y ( ! fact4 ,rememb] to reckon f ! date ( ! fir/ issue2 ?is occurs :5 ! fir/ royal cells are seal$ ov]1 & is ! be/ crit]ion z to :5 ! que5 w leave4 ,if ! fir/ sw>m issue & return1 x c make no diff]5ce2 reckon f _! fir/ issu+4 ,,rem$y4 ,:5 y discov] a loss1 fir/ asc]ta9 if !re is any aft] sw>m to be expect$ f ano!r /ock1 7by li/5+ = ! pip+72 if s1 wait till x issues1 & obta9 a que5 f t = y\r /ock2 ev5 if !re is b "o1 take x1 & let ! bees return2 !y w\ld be likely to come out aga9 ! next day2 if n1 x is v (t5 no great loss4 ,%\ld no su* sw>m be indicat$1 g to a /ock t has ca/ a fir/ sw>m )9 a week2 smoke x & turn x ov]1 z be=e direct$1 f9d a royal cell1 & ) a broad knife cut x out1 be+ c>eful n to injure x4 ,?is mu/ n[ be secur$ 9 ! o!r hive 9 its natural position1 ! l[] end free f any ob/acle1 t w\ld int]f]e ) ! que5 leav+ x4 ,x w make b little diff]5ce :e!r at ! top or bottom1 provid+ x is secure f fall+4 ,i g5]ally introduce x ?r\gh a hole 9 ! top1 tak+ c>e to f9d "o t w all[ ! cell to pass d[n betwe5 two combs4 ,x be+ l>ge/ at ! upp] end1 ! combs ea* side w su/a9 x1 & leave ! l[] end free4 ,9 a few h\rs ! bees w secure x p]man5tly to ! combs ) wax4 ,?is op]ation _c be p]=m$ 9 a *amb] hive1 z x is impossible to see ! arrangem5t ( ! combs ?r\gh ! holes4 ,to put x 9 at ! bottom is "s m tr\ble2 ! difficulty is1 to fa/5 x1 & prev5t x re/+ on ! end4 ,i h done x z foll[s3 ,get an old ?ick piece ( dry comb "s ?ree in*es squ>e2 cut out an in* ( ! middle4 ,at "r angles ) ?is1 9 "o edge 9 ! c5tre1 make ano!r to int]sect x1 j ! size ( ! cell1 & h ! l[] end rea* into ! op5+4 ,?is comb w keep x 9 ! "r position1 & may re/ on ! floor-bo>d4 ,x c n[ be put 9 ! hive1 cutt+ out a piece ( comb to make room = x if necess>y4 ,soon aft] su* cell is introduc$1 ! bees are quiet4 ,9 a few days x hat*es1 & !y h a que5 z p]fect z if x _h be5 "o ( _! own re>+4 ,?is que5 ( c\rse w be necessitat$ to leave ! hive1 & w be j z liable to be lo/1 b no m s ?an o!rs1 & mu/ be wat*$ ! same4 ,x is unnecess>y to look = a cell 9 a /ock t has ca/ its fir/ sw>m m ?an a week be=e1 z !y are g5]ally de/roy$ by t "t1 7sometimes %ort ( x17 unless !y int5d to s5d out an aft] sw>m4 ,,m>k ,,! ,,date ,,( ,,sw>ms ,,on ,,! ,,hive4 ,%\ld y h s _m /ocks t y _c rememb] ! date ( ea* sw>m )\t difficulty1 x is a good plan to m>k ! date on "o side or corn] ( ! hive1 z x issues4 ,y c !n tell at once :]e to look = a cell :5 want$4 ,x w sometimes happ5 t a que5 may be lo/ at ! extreme end ( ! sw>m+ season1 :5 no o!r /ock conta9s su* cells4 ,i !n look ar\nd = ! poore/ /ock or sw>m t ,i h on h&1 "o t ,i c af=d to sacrifice1 if x possesses a que51 to save ! "o t has su/a9$ ?is loss2 ?is is n (t5 ! case1 b is sometimes4 ,i h a few times put j bees en\gh ) ! que5 to keep h] 9 a box1 & kept !m = ?is purpose1 z 0 m5tion$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,:5 introduc$1 ! bees are g5]ally kill$1 b ! que5 is pres]v$4 ,,obta9+ ,a ,,que5 ,,f ,,work] ,,brood4 ,!re is yet ano!r me?od to be adopt$1 & t is1 to obta9 a piece ( brood-comb conta9+ work]s' eggs1 or l>vae v "y4 ,y w g5]ally f9d x )\t mu* tr\ble1 9 a "y sw>m t is mak+ combs2 ! l[] ends usually conta9 eggs2 take a piece f "o ( ! middle %eets1 two or ?ree in*es long1 7y w probably use smoke by ?is "t )\t tell+74 ,inv]t ! hive t is to receive x1 put ! piece edgewise betwe5 ! combs1 if y c spread !m ap>t en\gh = ! purpose2 !y w hold x !re1 & !n !re w be ample room to make ! cells4 ,!y w ne>ly always re> sev]al que5s4 ,i h c\nt$ n9e sev]al times1 :i* 7 all !y _h room =4 ,b yet ,i h v little confid5ce 9 su* que5s1 !y are almo/ c]ta9 to be lo/4 ,,!y ,,are ,,poor ,,dep5d5ce4 ,!re=e ,i w\ld recomm5d gett+ a royal cell :5ev] x is practical4 ,!re is yet ano!r advantage2 y w h a que5 ready to lay eggs two or ?ree weeks e>li]1 ?an :5 !y are compell$ to comm5ce ) ! egg4 ,i h put su* piece ( brood-comb 9 a small glass box on ! top ( ! hive in/ead ( ! bottom1 because x 0 less tr\ble1 b 9 ?is case ! eggs 7 all remov$ 9 a %ort "t2 :e!r a que5 0 re>$ 9 ! hive or n ,i _c say2 b ?is ,i "k1 ,i nev] obta9$ a prolific que51 aft] repeat$ exp]im5ts 9 ?is way4 ,x w\ld appe> t ,i h be5 m un=tunate ) que5s re>$ 9 ?is way1 ?an mo/ exp]im5t]s4 ,i h no difficulty to get !m =m$ to all appe>ance p]fect1 b lose !m aft]w>ds4 ,n[ :e!r ?is arose f "s lack ( physical developm5t1 by tak+ grubs too f> advanc$ to make a p]fect *ange1 or :e!r !y 7 re>$ s late 9 ! season1 t mo/ ( ! drones 7 de/roy$1 & ! que5 to meet "o _h to repeat h] excursions till lo/1 ,i am yet unable to fully det]m9e4 ,to te/ ! fir/ ( ^! que/ions1 ,i h a few times remov$ all ! l>vae f ! comb2 leav+ no?+ b eggs1 t all ! food giv5 !m might be royal pap1 f ! comm5cem5t1 & _h no bett] success s f>4 ,yet occasionally prolific que5s h be5 re>$ :5 ,i c\ld acc\nt = _! orig9 9 no o!r way b f work] eggs4 ,b y w f9d !y are n to be dep5d$ ^u g5]ally4 ,sometimes1 aft] all our endeavors1 a /ock or two w rema9 de/itute ( a que54 ,^!1 if !y escape ! worms1 w g5]ally /ore honey en\gh 9 ?is section to w9t] a good family4 ,?is w h to be introduc$1 ( c\rse1 f ano!r hive1 conta9+ a que52 b ?is belongs to ,fall managem5t4 ,z respects ! "t t elapses f ! impregnation ( ! que5 till ! comm5cem5t ( egg lay+1 ,i _c tell1 b guess x might be ab\t two or ?ree days4 ,i h driv5 out ! bees tw5ty-"o days aft] ! fir/ sw>m1 :5 no second sw>m _h issu$--! "y que5 came out on ! f\rte5? day4 ,i f\nd eggs & "s v "y l>vae4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t eggs rema9 ?ree days be=e !y hat*1 x %[s t ! fir/ ( ^! mu/ h be5 deposit$ "s f\r or five days4 ,:5 writ]s tell u ! exact "t to an h\r 7#df or #dh7 f impregnation to lay+1 ,i am will+ to admit ! ?+ 9 ?is case1 b feel j z if ,i w\ld l to ask h[ !y manag$ to f9d out ! fact2 by :at sign !y knew :5 a que5 return$ f an excursion1 :e!r %e _h be5 successful or n1 9 h] am\rs2 or1 :e!r ano!r ef=t w\ld h to be made2 & !n1 h[ !y manag$ to "k exactly :5 ! fir/ egg 0 laid4 ,occasionally a que5 is lo/ at o!r ?an ! sw>m+ season1 av]ag+ ab\t "o 9 =ty4 ,x is mo/ frequ5t 9 spr+2 at lea/ x is g5]ally discov]$ !n4 ,! que5 may die 9 ! w9t]1 & ! bees n give u any indications till !y come out 9 spr+4 7,occasionally !y may all des]t ! hive1 & jo9 ano!r47 ,if we expect to asc]ta9 :5 a que5 is lo/ at ?is season1 we mu/ notice !m j be=e d>k on ! fir/ w>m days--because ! morn+s are apt to be too cool = any bees to be outside--any unusual /ir1 or commotion1 simil> to :at has be5 describ$1 %[s ! loss4 ,?is is ! wor/ "t 9 ! ye> to provide ! rem$y1 unless !re %\ld happ5 to be "s v poor /ock conta9+ a que51 t we might lose any way--!n x might be advisable to sacrifice x to save ! o!r1 especially if ! la/ conta9$ all ! requisites ( a good /ock except a que54 ,"s eight or t51 t ,i h manag$ 9 ?is way1 h giv5 me full satisfaction4 ,i h at o!r times let !m g till ! sw>m+ season1 & !n procur$ a que51 or introduc$ a small sw>m2 at :i* "t !y are s r$uc$ z to be wor? b little1 ev5 :5 n affect$ by ! worms4 ,to obviate ?is loss 9 ?is way1 x might be an advantage to transf] ! bees to ! next /ock1 if x 0 n too full already2 or ! bees ( ! next /ock to ?is4 ,let ! age & condition ( ! combs1 quantity ( /ores1 c41 decide4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,artificial ,,sw>ms4 ,,pr9ciples ,,%\ld ,,be ,,und]/ood4 ,artificial sw>ms c be made ) safety at ! prop] season4 ,to ! bee-keep] :o wi%es to increase 8 /ocks1 x w be an advantage to und]/& "s ( ! pr9ciples4 ,i h _h "s little exp]i5ce t has l$ to diff]5t conclusions f ^? ( "s o!rs4 ,i h se5 x /at$1 & f\nd ! ass]tion repeat$ by ne>ly e writ]1 t :5ev] bees 7 depriv$ ( _! que51 if !y only possess$ eggs or "y l>vae1 !y w\ld n fail to re> ano!r1 c4 ,!re are num]\s in/ances ( _! do+ ?is1 b x is n to be dep5d$ ^u1 especially :5 left 9 a hive full ( combs1 z ! foll[+ exp]im5ts t5d to prove4 ,,"s ,,exp]im5ts4 ,sev]al ye>s s9ce ,i _h a few /ocks well suppli$ ) bees1 & e indication ( sw>m+ pres5t1 su* z clu/]+ out1 c41 b !y p]t9aci\sly adh]$ to ! old /ock1 ?r\gh ! :ole sw>m+ season6 ,o!rs app>5tly n z well suppli$ ) bees ?rew (f sw>ms4 ,i _h b few /ocks1 & 0 v anxi\s to increase ! numb]2 b ^! 7 provok+ly indiff]5t to my wi%es4 ,tak+ ! ass]tions ( ^! au?ors = facts1 ,i reason$ ?us3 ,9 all probability !re are eggs en\gh 9 ea* ( ^? /ocks4 ,:y n drive out a portion ( ! bees1 ) ! old que51 & leave ab\t z _m z if a sw>m _h issu$8 ,^? left w !n raise a que51 & cont9ue ! old /ock1 & ,i %all h six in/ead ( ! ?ree1 t h be5 s ob/9ate4 ,accord+ly1 ,i divid$ ea*1 exam9$ & f\nd eggs & l>vae4 ,( c\rse all mu/ be "r4 ,n[1 ?\ght ,i1 my /ocks c be d\bl$ at lea/ annually4 ,if !y d n sw>m1 ,i c drive !m4 ,,! ,,result ,,unsatisfactory4 ,my sw>ms prosp]$1 ! old /ocks seem$ indu/ri\s1 br++ 9 poll5 9 abundance1 :i* to me at t "t1 0 conclusive t !y _h a que51 or soon w\ld h4 ,i cont9u$ to wat* !m ) mu* int]e/1 b someh[1 aft] a few weeks1 !re did n seem to be q z _m bees2 a few days lat]1 ,i 0 q sure !re 0 n4 ,i exam9$ ! combs1 & behold !re 0 n a cell conta9+ a "y bee ( any age1 n ev5 an egg 9 any "o ( ^! old /ocks4 ,my vision>y anticipations ( future success spe$ily retrograd$ ab\t ?is "t4 ,i _h1 x is true1 my new sw>ms 9 condition to w9t]1 al?\gh n q full2 b ! old ones 7 n1 & no?+ 0 ga9$4 ,i _h "s honey1 a great deal ( bee-bread & old black comb4 ,_h ,i let !m alone1 & put on boxes1 ,i %\ld h probably obta9$ tw5ty-five or ?irty p\nds ( pure honey f ea*1 wor? five times z mu* z :at ,i did get2 besides1 ! old /ocks1 ev5 ) ! old comb1 w\ld h be5 bett] suppli$ ) bo? honey & bees2 altoge!r mu* bett]1 z /ocks = w9t]+4 ,"h 0 a consid]able loss1 m]ely by n und]/&+ ! matt]4 ,i c>efully look$ ! bees ov]1 & asc]ta9$ to a c]ta9ty t nei!r ( !m _h a que54 ,i smo!r$ :at few !re 0 left 9 ! fall4 ,i !n knew ( no bett] way4 ,i _h be5 told t ! b>b>\s use ( fire & brim/one 0 "p ( ! luck2 t a m b5evol5t sy/em w\ld cause ! bees to run out1 c4 ,,fur!r ,,exp]im5ts4 ,subsequ5t to ^! exp]im5ts1 ,i ?\ght p]haps ! j>r+ ( ! hives 9 driv+ might h "s effect on ! bees1 & prev5t _! re>+ a que54 ,?is idea sugge/$ ! divid+ hive1 :5 ! division c\ld be made quietly2 b success 0 yet unc]ta94 ,i 0 told to conf9e ! bees 9 ! old /ock tw5ty-f\r h\rs or m1 aft] driv+ out a sw>m2 ?is ,i tri$1 ) no bett] results4 ,aga91 ,i drove out ! sw>m1 look$ out ! que51 & return$ h] to ! old /ock1 compell+ ! new sw>m to raise "o4 ,to be c]ta9 !y did s1 ,i con/ruct$ a small box ab\t f\r in*es squ>e1 by two 9 ?ickness2 ! sides glass4 ,9 ?is ,i put ! piece ( brood-comb conta9+ eggs & l>vae1 & !n put x on ! hive conta9+ ! sw>m1 hav+ holes = communication1 a cov] to keep x d>k1 c4 ,!y 7 v sure to re> que5s1 b f "s cause 7 lo/ aft] !y 7 matur$4 ,n[1 if o!rs h be5 m successful 9 ^! exp]im5ts ?an myself1 x indicates t "s favorable circum/ances att5d$ !m t did n me4 ,i h n ! lea/ d\bt b ! result w be favorable sometimes4 ,yet f ! =ego+1 ,i became satisfi$ t n "o ( ^! me?ods c\ld be reli$ ^u4 ,in/ead ( con/ruct+ a que5's cell1 & !n remov+ ! egg or l>va to x f ano!r cell1 ,i always f\nd t ! cell conta9+ su* egg or l>va 0 *ang$ f ! horizontal to ! p]p5dicul>2 su* cells z 7 9 ! way bel[ 7 cut (f1 probably us+ ! mat]ial 9 =m+ "o = royalty1 :i*1 :5 f9i%$1 conta9s z mu* mat]ial z fifty or a hundr$ o!rs4 ,my exp]im5ts did n end "h4 ,i c n[ make artificial sw>ms1 & succe$ n9e times 9 t5 ) ! fir/ ef=t1 & ! read] c z easily d ! same4 ,x mu/ be 9 ! sw>m+ season1 or z soon z ! fir/ regul> sw>m issues4 ,y want "s f9i%$ royal cells t any /ock hav+ ca/ a sw>m w furni%1 7unless 9 r>e in/ances1 :]e !y are too f> up among ! combs to be se547 ,a ,,successful ,,me?od4 ,:5 y are all ready1 take a /ock t c sp>e a sw>m2 if bees are on ! outside1 raise ! hive on w$ges1 & drive !m 9 ) a little wat]1 & di/urb !m g5tly ) a /ick4 ,n[ smoke & inv]t x1 sett+ ! empty hive ov]4 ,if ! two hives are ( "o size1 & h be5 made by a workman1 !re w be no *ance = ! bees to escape1 except ! holes 9 ! side2 ^! y w /op2 7no matt] ab\t a %eet ti$ ar\nd x47 ,) a light hamm] or /ick1 /rike ! hive a few times lightly1 & !n let x rema9 five m9utes4 ,?is is v ess5tial1 because mo/ ( ! bees1 if all[$ ! opportunity1 w fill !mselves ) honey aft] su* di/urbance4 ,all regul> sw>ms g =? s lad54 ,a supply is necess>y :5 bad wea!r foll[s soon aft]4 ,x is also us$ 9 =m+ wax1 a v necess>y article 9 a new hive4 ,! am\nt ( honey c>ri$ out ( a /ock by a good sw>m1 toge!r ) ! weight ( ! bees 7:i* is n mu*71 w v>y f five to eight p\nds4 ,?is1 all[+ "t = ! bees to fill _! sacks1 & supply+ ! old /ock ) a royal cell1 ,i believe is entirely orig9al3 ! importance ( :i* ! read] c judge4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,?is ,,me?od4 ,x is v pla9 t a que5 f su* f9i%$ cell mu/ be ready to deposit eggs sev]al days soon] ?an by any o!r me?od t we c adopt4 ,x is also cle> t if we h a doz5 que5s deposit+ eggs by ! #aj? ( ,june1 t our bees are increas+ fa/]1 on ! :ole1 ?an if b half t numb] are engag$ 9 x = a mon? lat]4 ,!re is yet ano!r advantage4 ,! soon] a "y que5 c take ! place ( ! old "o 9 mat]nal duties1 ! less "t w be lo/ 9 bre$+1 ! m bees !re w be to def5d ! combs f ! mo?1 & ! sure/ gu>anty = surplus honey4 ,:5 ! bees h fill$ _! sacks1 proce$ to drive !m into ! upp] hive by /rik+ ! l[] "o rapidly f five to t5 m9utes4 ,a l\d humm+ w m>k _! fir/ movem5t4 ,:5 y ?9k half or two-?irds are out1 raise ! hive & inspect progress4 ,!y are n at all dispos$ to /+ 9 ?is /age ( proce$+1 ev5 :5 !y escape outside4 ,if full ( honey1 !y are seldom provok$ to res5tm5t4 ,! only c>e w be n to cru% too _m t get betwe5 ! edges ( ! hives4 ,! l\d buzz+ is no sign ( ang]4 ,if y\r sw>m is n l>ge en\gh1 cont9ue to drive till x is4 ,:5 done1 ! new hive %\ld be set on ! /& ( ! old "o4 ,a few m9utes w decide :e!r y h ! que5 ) ! sw>m1 z !y rema9 quiet3 o!rwise uneasy1 & run ab\t1 :5 x w be necess>y to drive aga94 ,if bo? hives are "o color1 set ! old "o two feet 9 front2 b if ( diff]5t colors1 a little m4 ,i pref] ?is position to sett+ ! old /ock on "o side1 ev5 :5 !re is room2 yet x c make b little diff]5ce4 ,%\ld y set x on "o side1 let ! di/ance be less4 ,:5 ! old /ock is tak5 mu* f>!r ?an ?is rule1 all ! bees t h m>k$ ! location 7& all ! old ones w h done s7 w g back to ! old /&1 & none b "y bees t h nev] left home w rema94 ,! same w be ! case ) ! new sw>m if mov$ (f4 ,x w n d to dep5d on ! old que5 keep+ !m1 z %e does :5 !y sw>m out naturally4 ,?is has be5 my exp]i5ce4 ,try x1 read]1 & be satisfi$1 by putt+ ei!r ( ! hives fifte5 or tw5ty feet di/ant4 ,be=e y turn ov] ! old /ock1 look among ! combs z f> z possible = que5s' cells2 if any conta9 eggs or l>vae1 y may safely risk _! re>+ a que52 b o!rwise wait till next morn+1 or at lea/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 !n g to a /ock t has ca/ a sw>m1 & obta9 a f9i%$ royal cell1 z be=e direct$1 & introduce x4 ,y w h a que5 "h z soon z if x _h be5 left 9 ! orig9al hive1 & no risk ( an aft] sw>m1 because !re is b "o4 ,b :5 !re are "y que5s 9 ! cells at ! "t ( driv+1 aft] sw>ms may issue4 ,%\ld a que5-cell be introduc$ imm$iately1 x is m liable to be de/roy$ ?an aft] wait+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 & !n is n always safe4 ,aft] x has _h "t to hat*1 7:i* is ab\t eight days aft] be+ seal$71 cut x out1 & exam9e x3 if ! l[] end is op51 x indicates t a p]fect que5 has left x1 & all is safe2 b if x is mutilat$ or op5 at ! side1 x is probable t ! que5 0 de/roy$ be=e maturity1 9 :i* case1 ano!r cell w h to be giv5 !m4 ,,artificial ,,sw>ms ,,only ,,safe ,,ne> ,,! ,,sw>m+ ,,season4 ,by :at ,i h said ab\t artificial sw>ms1 x w\ld appe> t x is unsafe at any "t b ! sw>m+ season2 t is my op9ion4 ,x may d a little 9 advance or a little aft]1 provid+ royal cells c be _h4 ,by fe$+ z direct$1 79 ,*apt] ,,ix47 y may induce a /ock to s5d out a sw>m "s days 9 advance ( ! regul> season1 !reby giv+ y a *ance = ^! cells some:at e>ly4 ,,sometimes ,,haz>d\s4 ,to make su* sw>ms at any "t :5 ! bees are de/roy+ drones1 w\ld be extremely haz>d\s1 n only on acc\nt ( ! "y que5 be+ impregnat$1 b _! massacre d5otes a sc>city ( honey4 ,!re=e ,i w\ld advise nev] to make sw>ms1 or drive out bees at su* p]iods1 :5 x c be avoid$1 )\t sp>e honey is on h& to fe$ !m4 ,,"s ,,objections4 ,x has be5 argu$ by "s1 & ) mu* reason1 t nature is ! be/ guide1 & x is bett] to let ! bees h _! own way ab\t sw>m+--if honey is abundant1 & ! /ock is 9 condition to sp>e a sw>m1 _! own in/9cts w tea* !m to con/ruct royal cells2 if x fails be=e !y are ready1 & ! royal brood is de/roy$1 x is because ! exi/5ce ( ! sw>m w\ld be prec>i\s1 & x is be/ n to issue4 ,i w grant t 9 _m in/ances x is bett]4 ,! *ance is bett] = surplus honey2 ! /ock is q sure to be 9 condition to w9t]2 & "s judgm5t is requir$ to tell :5 a /ock c sp>e a sw>m4 ,b yet1 we are sometimes anxi\s to increase our /ocks to ! utmo/ t safety w all[1 & (t5 h "s t c sp>e a sw>m z well z n1 b refuse to leave2 p]haps comm5ce prep>ations1 & 9 a few days ab&on !m4 ,n[ x is evid5t t z long z _m cont9ue su* prep>ation1 t honey is suffici5tly abundant to put ! safety ( ! sw>m beyond haz>d2 "s /ocks w sw>m :ile ^! o!rs j z good1 7t _h ab&on$ x be=e7 & h n n[ begun aga91 to be 9 "t be=e a p>tial failure ( honey1 & "s may n h comm5c$ 9 season4 ,,natural ,,& ,,artificial ,,sw>ms ,,equally ,,prosp]\s4 ,i c see no diff]5ce 9 artificial or natural sw>ms ( equal size1 at ! same "t4 ,by tak+ ! matt] 9 "t into our own h&s1 ) ! rules giv51 we make a sure ?+ ( x1 t is1 we are sure to get ! sw>ms1 :5 if left to ! bees x w\ld be unc]ta91 & no great] risk aft]w>ds ?an ) natural issues4 ,,?is ,,matt] ,,too ,,(t5 ,,delay$4 ,i am aw>e t ?is matt] w be apt to be put (f too long2 wait & see if !y don't sw>m1 w be ! motto ( too _m1 & :5 ! season is ov]1 drive !m4 ,p]haps a good sw>m has set outside ! hive1 all ?r\gh ! be/ ( ! honey season1 & done no?+1 :ile !y c\ld h half fill$ a hive2 b ?is is all lo/ n[1 z well z ! be/ *ances = gett+ cells4 ,let me impress ! necessity ( do+ x 9 season1 :5 x w pay4 ,if y int5d to h a sw>m f e /ock t c sp>e "o1 beg9 :5 nature po9ts out ! prop] "t1 :i* is1 :5 ! regul> ones beg9 to issue4 ,x mu/1 inde$1 be a poor season :5 !re are none4 ,,is ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,! ,,que5 ,,important8 ,!re is ano!r object effect$ 9 ?is way1 consid]$ by "s api>ians z v important4 ,x is ! *ange ( ! que5s 9 ! old /ock4 ,a "y que5 is ?\ght to be mu* m prolific ?an an old "o4 ,!y ev5 recomm5d keep+ none ov] two or ?ree ye>s old1 & give directions h[ !y may be r5ew$4 ,b z ,i h be5 unable to discov] any diff]5ce 9 relation to ! age 9 ?is respect1 ,i %all n at pres5t take mu* "t to discuss x4 ,x is well en\gh1 :5 we c take our *oice )\t tr\ble1 to pres]ve a "y que54 ,:5 we consid] t !re are b few que5s b :at w deposit ?ree times z _m eggs 9 a season z are matur$1 x looks z if x w\ld h>dly pay to take mu* tr\ble to *ange !m4 ,at :at "t ! que5 becomes b>r5 f old age1 ,i presume has nev] yet be5 fully det]m9$4 ,a fri5d ( m9e has _h a /ock 9 a l>ge room eight ye>s1 t has nev] sw>m$1 & is /ill prosp]\s6 ,i ?9k x v probable t ?is que5 w gradually decay1 & possibly become b>r51 "s weeks be=e %e dies2 if s1 ?is /ock w soon die (f4 ,a few su* cases w probably occur 9 sw>m+ hives1 p]haps "o 9 fifty1 b g5]ally su* old & feeble que5s are lo/ :5 !y leave ) ! sw>m1 especially 9 w9dy wea!r4 ,z long z !y are able to g ) ! sw>m1 & sometimes :5 !y are n1 ,i h f\nd !m suffici5tly prolific = all purposes4 ,i w\ld r risk _! fecundity1 & hive ! sw>m1 ?an to all[ ! bees to return to ! p>5t /ock1 & wait eight or n9e days = a "y que5 to mature4 ,a great _m w rema9 idle1 ev5 if !re is room to "w 9 ! boxes4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,prun+4 ,not)/&+ ,i h giv5 ! me?od ( prun+ 9 ! *apt] on hives1 7page #bc1 ,*apt] ,,ii47 x w be necess>y to give ! tyro 9 bee-culture a few m p>ticul>s4 ,! season = do+ x is ( importance4 ,,diff]5t ,,op9ions ,,z ,,to ,,"t4 ,! mon? ( ,m>* has be5 recomm5d$ by sev]al2 o!rs pref] ,april1 ,augu/1 or ,septemb]4 ,"h1 z usual1 ,i %all h to diff] f !m all1 pref]r+ /ill ano!r p]iod1 = :i* ,i (f] my reasons1 suppos+1 ( c\rse1 t ! read] is consci\s ( a freeman's privilege1 t is1 to adopt :atev] me?od he ?9ks prop]1 on ?is1 z on any o!r po9t4 ,,ano!r ,,"t ,,pref]r$4 ,!re is b "o p]iod f ,febru>y till ,octob]1 :5 prosp]\s /ocks are free f "y brood 9 ! combs4 ,if combs are tak5 out :5 occupi$1 !re mu/ be a loss ( all ! "y bees !y conta92 :i* may be avoid$4 ,! old que5 leaves ) ! fir/ sw>m2 all ! eggs %e leaves 9 ! work]-cells w be matur$ 9 ab\t tw5ty-"o days1 consequ5tly ?is is ! "t to cle> out ! old combs ) ! lea/ wa/e4 ,a few drones w be f\nd 9 ! cells1 t w\ld require a few days m to hat*1 b ^! are ( no acc\nt4 ,also a few v "y l>vae & "s eggs may be sometimes f\nd1 ! product ( ! "y que52 ^! few mu/ be wa/$1 b z ! bees h exp5d$ no labor ^u !m z yet1 x is bett] to sacrifice ^! ?an ! great] numb] left by h] "m1 :i* h consum$ _! portion ( food2 ! bees h seal$ !m up1 & n[ only require ! necess>y "t to mature1 to make a valuable addition to ! /ock4 ,,%\ld ,,n ,,be ,,delay$4 ,%\ld ?is op]ation be put (f = a "t mu* long] ?an ?ree weeks1 ! "y que5 w s fill ! combs aga9 z to make x a s]i\s loss4 ,!re=e1 ,i wi% to urge /rongly att5tion to ?is po9t at ! prop] season4 ,if y ?9k x unimportant to m>k ! date ( y\r fir/ sw>ms = ! purposes m5tion$ 9 ano!r place1 x w be f\nd v conv5i5t "h1 = ^? t ne$ prun+4 ,x is also recomm5d$ by "s1 to take only a "p1 say "o-?ird or half1 9 a season2 !reby tak+ two or ?ree ye>s to r5ew ! combs4 ,?is is advisable only :5 ! family is v small4 ,z ?is space made by prun+ _c be fill$ )\t wax & labor1 our surplus honey w be proportionate to its ext5t4 ,n[ suppose we take out half ! old combs1 & get half a yield ( box honey ?is ye>1 & ! same next1 or make a full op]ation ( x & get none ?is ye>1 & a full "o next4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce8 ,!re is none 9 po9t ( honey1 b "s 9 tr\ble1 & t is 9 favor ( a full op]ation at once4 ,we h to g ?r\gh ) ab\t ! same tr\ble to get "o-?ird or half z to take ! :ole4 ,,objection ,,to ,,prun+4 ,! objection to ?is mode ( r5ew+ combs g5]ally1 w be ! fe> ( gett+ /ung4 ,b ,i c assure y !re is b little dang]1 n z mu* z to walk among ! hives 9 a w>m day4 ,only beg9 "r1 use ! smoke1 & "w c>efully1 )\t p9*+ !m1 & y w escape unhurt g5]ally4 ,,/ocks ,,prun$ ,,n[ ,,are ,,bett] ,,= ,,w9t]4 ,besides ! advantage ( sav+ a l>ge brood by prun+ at ?is season1 su* /ocks w usually refill be=e fall1 & are mu* bett] = w9t]+1 :i* is n ! case :5 x is done lat]4 ,we mu/ ( necessity !n wa/e ! brood1 & h a l>ge space unoccupi$ ) combs ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,b few combs c !n be made1 & ^? few mu/ be at ! exp5se ( _! w9t] /ores1 unless we resort to fe$+4 ,^! objections apply ) great] =ce to prun+ 9 ,m>* or ,april4 ,! loss ( brood is ( mu* m consequ5ce n[1 ?an 9 mid-summ]1 or ev5 lat]1 & a space to be fill$ ) combs is a s]i\s disadvantage4 ,x is important t ! bees %\ld devote _! :ole att5tion n[ to re>+ brood1 & be ready to ca/ _! sw>ms z e>ly z possible4 ,"o e>ly sw>m is wor? two late ones4 ,suppose a /ock1 in/ead ( collect+ food & nurs+ its "y1 is compell$ to exp5d its honey & labor 9 secret+ wax & con/ruct+ combs be=e x c proce$ ) bre$+ advantage\sly1 x mu/ ( necessity be "s weeks lat]4 ,fur!r1 ,i h always f\nd x be/ to h ! bees out ( ! way1 dur+ ?is op]ation4 ,x w be f\nd mu* m difficult to drive ! bees out ( a hive 9 ! cool wea!r ( ,m>* or ,april1 ?an 9 summ]1 z !y seem unwill+ to %ift _! w>m qu>t]s & g into a cold hive4 ,x is presum$ ! read] w be> 9 m9d ! disadvantages already giv5 ( too frequ5tly r5ew+ combs2 ! little value ( combs = /or+ honey1 = our use1 aft] be+ once us$ = bre$+2 ! necessity ( ! bees us+ !m z long z !y possibly w answ]2 & n compel !m to be fill+ ! hive1 :5 !y might be /or+ honey ( ! pure/ quality 9 boxes1 c4 ,vide rem>ks on ?is subject on page #bb1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,diseas$ ,,brood4 ,?is1 l _m o!r *apt]s 9 ?is "w1 is probably new1 z ,i1 nev] saw "o ?us head$4 ,a few newspap] discussions are ab\t all t h yet appe>$ on ?is subject4 ,,n ,,g5]ally ,,und]/ood4 ,?is disease is probably ( rec5t orig94 ,mr4 ,m9]1 x appe>s1 knew no?+ ( x until he mov$ f ,long ,isl& to ,oneida ,c\nty1 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,mr4 ,weeks1 9 a communication to ! ,n4,e4 ,f>m]1 says1 ,s9ce ! potato rot comm5c$1 ,i h lo/ "o-f\r? ( my /ocks annually1 by ?is disease2 at ! same "t adds 8 fe>s1 t ?is race ( insects w become ext9ct f ?is cause1 if n arre/$4 7,p]haps ,i ought to m5tion1 t he speaks ( x z attack+ ! *rysalis in/ead ( ! l>va2 b z e ?+ else ab\t x agrees exactly1 !re is b little1 d\bt ( its be+ all "o ?+47 ,,my ,,own ,,exp]i5ce4 ,my fir/ exp]i5ce w probably g back to a date beyond _m o!rs2 x is almo/ tw5ty ye>s s9ce ! fir/ case 0 notic$4 ,i _h kept bees b f\r or five ye>s :5 ,i discov]$ x 9 "o ( my be/ /ocks2 9 fact1 x 0 ,no4 #a 9 ,may & fir/ ( ,june4 ,x ca/ no sw>m ?r\gh ! summ]2 & n[1 in/ead ( be+ cr[d$ ) bees1 x conta9$ b v few2 s few1 t ,i d>$ n attempt to w9t] x4 ,:at 0 ! matt]8 ,i _h !n nev] dream$ ( asc]ta9+ ! condition ( a /ock :ile !re 7 bees 9 ! way1 b 0 l ! unskilful physician :o is oblig$ to wait = ! dea? ( 8 pati5t1 t he may dissect & discov] ! cause4 ,i accord+ly consign$ :at few bees !re 7 to ! brim/one pit4 ,,description ,,( ,,disease4 ,a po/ mortem exam9ation reveal$ ! foll[+ circum/ances3 ,n9e-t5?s ( ! bre$+-cells 7 f\nd to conta9 "y bees 9 ! l>va /ate1 /ret*$ out at full l5g?1 seal$ ov]1 dead1 black1 putrid1 & emitt+ a disagreeable /5*4 ,n[ "h 0 "o l9k 9 ! *a9 ( cause & effect4 ,i le>n$ :y !re 0 a sc>city ( bees 9 ! hive4 ,:at %\ld h con/itut$ _! increase1 _h di$ 9 ! cells2 none ( !m 7 remov$1 consequ5tly b few cells1 :]e any bees c\ld be matur$1 7 left4 ,,! ,,cause ,,unc]ta94 ,b :5 ,i attempt$ ! next l9k 9 ! *a9 7to wit7 ,:at caus$ ! dea? ( ?is brood j at ?is /age ( developm5t8 ,i 0 oblig$ to /op4 ,n ! lea/ satisfaction c\ld be obta9$4 ,all inquiries among ! bee-keep]s ( my acqua9tance 7 met ) pr(\nd ignorance4 ,!y _h nev] he>d ( x6 ,no "w on bees t ,i consult$ ev] m5tion$ x4 ,subsequ5tly1 ,i _h m /ocks 9 ! same situation4 ,i f\nd1 :5ev] ! disease exi/$ to any ext5t1 t ! few bees matur$ 7 insuffici5t to replace ^? t 7 lo/2 t ! colony rapidly decl9$1 & nev] aft]w>ds ca/ a sw>m6 ,,rem$ial ,,exp]im5ts4 ,z = rem$ies1 ,i tri$ prun+ out all ^? combs conta9+ brood1 leav+ only su* z conta9$ honey1 & let ! bees con/ruct new = bre$+4 ,x 0 no use1 ^! new combs 7 inv>iably fill$ ) diseas$ brood6 ,! only ?+ effectual 0 to drive out ! bees1 into an empty hive4 ,9 ?is way1 :5 done 9 season1 ,i g5]ally succe$$ 9 re>+ a heal?y /ock4 ,b "h 0 a loss ( all surplus honey1 & a sw>m or two t might h be5 obta9$ f a heal?y "o4 ,,public ,,inquiry ,,& ,,answ]s4 ,i _h s _m cases ( ! k9d1 t ,i became some:at al>m$1 & made inquiry ?r\gh ! ,cultivator1 7an agricultural pap]17 z to a cause1 & rem$y1 (f]+ a rew>d = "o t w\ld n fail :5 ?or\ghly te/$1 c4 ,mr4 ,weeks1 9 answ]1 said1 t cold wea!r 9 spr+ *ill+ ! brood 0 ! cause4 7,?is 0 sev]al ye>s prior to 8 article 9 ! ,n4,e4 ,f>m]47 ,ano!r g5tleman said1 dead bees & fil? t accumulat$ dur+ w9t]1 :5 suff]$ to rema9 9 ! spr+1 0 ! cause4 ,a few ye>s aft]1 ano!r correspond5t appe>$ 9 ! ,cultivator1 giv+ p>ticul>s ( 8 exp]i5ce1 prov+ v conclusively to himself & _m o!rs1 t cold 0 ! cause4 ,hav+ mislaid ! pap] conta9+ 8 article1 ,i w endeavor to quote correctly f memory4 ,he _h ?ree sw>ms issue 9 "o day2 ! wea!r dur+ ! day *ang$ f v hot to ! o!r extreme1 produc+ fro/ 9 _m places ! next morn+4 ,^! sw>ms _h left b few bees 9 ! old /ocks1 & ! cold =c$ !m up among ! combs = mutual w>m?2 ! brood ne> ! bottom1 ?us left )\t bees to protect x ) animal heat1 became *ill$1 & ! consequ5ce 0 diseas$ l>vae4 ,he !n reason$ ?us3 ,if ! eggs ( a f[l1 at any "t ne> ! end ( incubation1 become *ill$ f any cause1 x /ops all fur!r developm5t4 ,bees are develop$ by cont9u$ heat1 on ! same pr9ciple1 & a *ill produces ! same effect1 c42 aft]w>ds1 o!r sw>ms issu$ "u precisely simil> circum/ances2 b ^! old /ocks 7 cov]$ ) a blanket ?r\gh ! night1 :i* enabl$ ! bees to keep at ! bottom ( ! hive4 ,9 a few days1 en\gh 7 hat*$ to r5d] ?is tr\ble unnecess>y4 ,^! la/ rema9$ heal?y4 ,he fur!r says1 t la/ spr+ 0 ! fir/ "t ,i ev] knew !m to become diseas$ be=e sw>m+ _h ?9n$ ! population4 ,! wea!r 0 rem>kably pleasant ?r\gh ,april4 ,! bees obta9$ great quantities ( poll5 & honey1 & by ?is means ext5d$ _! brood fur!r ?an usual at ?is season4 ,subsequ5t *illy wea!r 9 ,may1 caus$ ! bees to des]t a portion ( brood1 :i* 7 de/roy$ by ! *ill4 ,n[ ?is is reason+ f cause to effect v consi/5tly4 ,,answ]s ,,n ,,satisfactory4 ,_h ,i no exp]i5ce fur!r ?an ?is1 ,i %\ld1 p]haps1 re/ satisfi$ z to ! cause1 & %\ld endeavor to apply ! rem$y4 ,sev]al o!r writ]s h appe>$ 9 diff]5t pap]s1 on ?is subject1 & ne>ly all :o assign a cause h giv5 ?is "o z ! mo/ probable4 ,n[ ,i h kn[n ! *rysalis 9 a few /ocks to be *ill$ & de/roy$ by a sudd5 turn ( cold wea!r1 yet ^! 7 remov$ by ! bees soon aft]1 & ! /ocks rema9$ heal?y4 ,to me ! cause assign$ appe>s inadequate to produce all ! results ) ! l>vae4 ,aft] close1 pati5t obs]vation ( fifte5 ye>s1 ,i h nev] yet be5 :olly satisfi$ t any "o in/ance among my bees1 0 ?us produc$4 ,a ,,cause ,,sugge/$4 ,we are all famili> to "s ext5t ) ! contagi\s diseases ( ! human family1 su* z small-pox1 :oop+-c\gh1 & measles1 & _! rapid spread f a giv5 po9t1 c4 ,we mu/ also admit t "s cause or causes1 adequate to ! effect1 mu/ h produc$ ! fir/ case4 ,to contagion1 !n1 ,i w\ld attribute ! spread ( ?is disease ( our bees1 at lea/ n9ete5 cases 9 tw5ty4 ,i w admit1 if y please1 t "o /ock 9 tw5ty or fifty may be some:at affect$ by a *ill to a small ext5t4 ,x is only a portion ( ! brood t is 9 dang]--only su* z h be5 seal$ ov]1 & be=e !y h progress$ to ! *rysalis /ate1 are attack$4 ,h[ _m !n c !re be 9 a hive at any "o "t1 9 j ! "r /age ( developm5t to receive ! fatal *ill8 ,( c\rse !re w be "s2 b !y %\ld be conf9$ to ! cells ne> ! bottom1 :]e ! bees _h left !m expos$4 ,^! %\ld be all2 & ^! few w\ld nev] s]i\sly damage ! /ock4 ,:y !n does ?is disease1 :5 ?or\ghly />t$1 spread s rapidly ?r\gh\t all ! combs 9 ! hive8 ,w x be said t ! *ill is repeat$ e few days ?r\gh ! summ]8 ,or w x be admitt$ t some?+ else may cont9ue x8 ,i ?9k !re mu/ be o!r causes1 besides ! *ill1 ev5 to />t x1 9 mo/ cases4 ,z our practice w be 9 accordance ) ! view we take ( ?is matt]1 & ! result ( our c\rse w be some:at important1 ,i w give "s ( ! reasons t h l$ to ?is conclusion4 ,,reasons ,,= ,,! ,,op9ion4 ,= in/ance1 ,i _h all ! bees ( a good sw>m leave ! hive 9 ,m>*2 aft] fly+ a "t1 !y unit$ ) ano!r good /ock1 mak+ d\ble ! usual numb] ( bees at ?is season2 en\gh to keep ! brood suffici5tly w>m at any "t2 if o!r /ocks ) half or a qu>t] ( ! numb] c\ld4 ,by ! middle ( ,june1 ! bees 7 mu* r$uc$1 & _h n ca/ a sw>m4 ,x 0 exam9$1 & ! brood 0 f\nd badly diseas$4 ,my be/ & mo/ popul\s /ocks1 9 spr+1 are j z liable1 & ,i might add m s1 ?an small] or weak] families4 ,i h _h two l>ge sw>ms unite1 & 7 hiv$ toge!r1 t 7 diseas$ ! next autumn4 ,^! cases prove /rongly1 if n conclusively1 t animal heat is n ! only requisite4 ,! fact t :5 ,i _h prun$ out all affect$ comb f a diseas$ /ock1 & left honey 9 ! top & outside pieces1 & ! bees con/ruct$ new = bre$+1 & ! brood 9 su* 7 inv>iably affect$1 ?\gh only a few at fir/1 & increas+ z ! combs 7 ext5d$2 l$ me to suppose t x 0 a contagi\s disease1 & ! virus 0 conta9$ 9 ! honey4 ,"s ( x _h be5 left 9 ^! /ocks1 & v probably ! bees _h f$ x to ! brood4 ,to te/ ?is pr9ciple /ill fur!r1 ,i drove all ! bees f su* diseas$ /ocks1 /ra9$ ! honey1 & f$ x to sev]al "y heal?y sw>ms soon aft] be+ hiv$4 ,:5 exam9$ a few weeks aft]1 e "o1 )\t an exception1 _h caught ! contagion4 ,"h !n is a clue to ! cause ( ?is disease spread+1 :e!r we h its orig9 or n4 ,we w n[ see if we c trace x ?r\gh1 if !re is any consi/5cy 9 its transf] f "o /ock to ano!r4 ,,cause ,,( ,,its ,,spread+4 ,suppose "o /ock has caught ! infection1 b a small portion ( ! brood is dead4 ,9 ! heat ( ! hive1 x soon becomes putrid2 o!r cells adjo9+ ) l>vae ( ! "r age are soon 9 ! same condition4 ,all ! bre$+ combs 9 ! hive become "o putrid mass1 ) an exception1 p]haps1 ( "o 9 t51 tw5ty or a hundr$1 t may p]fect a bee4 ,?us ! increase ( bees is n en\gh to replace ! old ones t are cont9ually dy+ (f4 ,x is pla91 !re=e1 t ?is /ock mu/ soon dw9dle d[n to a v small family4 ,n[ let a sc>city ( honey occur 9 ! fields1 ?is poor /ock _c be prop]ly gu>d$1 & is easily plund]$ ( its cont5ts by ! o!rs4 ,honey is tak5 t is 9 close proximity to dead bodies1 corrupt+ by ?\s&s1 creat+ a pe/il5tial vapor1 ( :i* x has probably absorb$ a portion4 ,! se$s ( de/ruction are by ?is means c>ri$ into heal?y /ocks4 ,9 a %ort "t1 ^! 9 turn fall victims to ! sc\rge2 & soon dw9dle away1 :5 "s o!r /rong /ock is able to c>ry (f _! /ores2 & only /op1 p]haps1 at ! la/ /ock6 ,! mo? is ev] ready ) h] burd5 ( eggs1 :i* %e n[ )\t h9drance deposits directly on ! combs4 ,9 a %ort "t ! worms f9i% up ! :ole bus9ess1 & are judg$ guilty ( ! :ole *>ge2 m]ely because !y are f\nd c>ry+ out effects t spe$ily foll[ su* causes4 ,let ! read] :o d\bts ?is !ory1 simply /ra9 out honey1 vitiat$ 9 ?is way1 & fe$ x to a few /ocks or sw>ms1 t are heal?y2 & if !y escape1 communicate ! fact to ! public4 ,b %\ld he become satisfi$ t su* honey is poison to 8 bees1 he w ) me1 & all o!rs int]e/$1 wi% to /op ?is gr[+ evil4 ,,n ,,easily ,,detect$ ,,at ,,fir/4 ,x is v difficult to detect ! fir/ hundr$ or two t die 9 a /ock4 ,b :5 n9e-t5?s ( ! bre$+ cells hold putrid l>vae1 !re is b v little tr\ble 9 mak+ out a correct diagnosis4 ,! bees are few & inactive4 ,:5 pass+ ! hive our olfactories are salut$ ) a nause\s effluvia1 aris+ f ?is corrupt+ mass4 ,n[1 if we wi%1 or expect to escape1 ! mo/ sev]e p5alty1 our neglect mu/ nev] all[ ?is ext5t ( progression be=e su* a /ock is remov$4 ,!re=e1 we mu/ wat* symptoms--asc]ta9 ! pres5ce ( ! disease at ! e>lie/ mom5t possible4 ,,symptoms ,,to ,,be ,,obs]v$4 ,z no "p ( ! bre$+ season is exempt1 ! /ocks %\ld be c>efully obs]v$ dur+ spr+1 & =e "p ( summ]1 relative to increase ( bees4 ,:5 "o or m is mu* beh9d o!rs 9 ?is respect1 make an exam9ation imm$iately4 7,i w\ld "h urge aga9 ! conv5i5ce ( ! simple1 common hive1 ov] ^? m complicat$1 or susp5d$1 & difficult to turn ov]4 ,9 "o case we might make an exam9ation 9 season2 9 ! o!r1 too mu* tr\ble & difficulty might cause x to be put (f too long47 ,! hive mu/ be inv]t$1 & ! bees smok$ out ( ! way4 ,our att5tion is to be direct$ to ! bre$+ cells2 ) a %>p-po9t$ knife1 proce$ to cut (f ! ends ( "s ( !m t appe> to be ! olde/2 be>+ 9 m9d t "y bees are always :ite1 until "s "t aft] !y take ! *rysalis /ate4 ,!re=e1 if a l>va is f\nd ( a d>k color1 x is dead6 ,%\ld a doz5 su* be f\nd1 ! /ock %\ld be condemn$ at once1 & all ! bees driv5 into an empty hive4 7,! directions = ?is h be5 giv51 see page #ca47 ,if honey %\ld be sc>ce1 at ! "t1 !y %\ld be f$4 ,,scald+ ,,! ,,honey ,,to ,,de/roy ,,! ,,poison ,,= ,,fe$+4 ,! honey f ! old hive may be us$1 if y w only fir/ de/roy ! virus4 ,?is1 ,i h asc]ta9$1 may be done by scald+3 add a half-p9t ( wat] to ab\t t5 lbs42 /ir x well1 & heat x to ! boil+ po9t1 & c>efully remove all ! scum4 ,/ocks 9 :i* ! disease has n progress$ too f>1 w g5]ally sw>m4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,exam9e ,,/ocks ,,t ,,h ,,sw>m$4 ,?ree weeks f ! fir/ sw>m1 w be ! "t to exam9e !m4 ,i make x a rule to inspect all my /ocks at ?is p]iod4 ,x is easily done n[1 z ab\t all ! heal?y brood 7except drones7 %\ld be matur$ 9 t "t4 ,by p]sev]ance 9 ^! rules1 ,i all[ no /ocks to dw9dle away until !y are plund]$ by o!rs4 ,if all my neighbors 7 equally c>eful1 ?is disease w\ld probably soon disappe>4 ,?is is l "o c>eless f>m] all[+ a noxi\s we$ to mature se$s1 to be waft$ by w9ds on ! l&s ( a c>eful neighbor1 :o mu/ =tify 8 m9d to cont9ual vigilance1 or endure ! injury ( a f\l pe/4 ,s ) ! successful api>ian2 9 sections :]e ! disease has appe>$ 7x has n 9 all71 he mu/ be cont9ually on ! wat*2 x is ! price ( success4 ,,c>e ,,9 ,,select+ ,,/ock ,,hives ,,= ,,w9t]4 ,aga91 aft] ! bre$+ season is ov]1 9 ! fall1 e /ock %\ld be ?or\ghly inspect$1 & all diseas$ ones condemn$ = /ock hives4 ,x is bett] to d x1 ev5 if x %\ld take ! la/ "o4 ,x w\ld pay mu* bett] to procure o!rs in/ead1 t are heal?y4 ,p]sons wi%+ to eat ! honey f su* hives1 w exp]i5ce no bad effects f x1 if !y are c>eful to remove all ! dead brood1 z !y take x out ( ! hive4 ,! greate/ di/ance t ,i ev] knew bees to g1 & plund] a def5celess /ock ( its cont5ts1 0 ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile4 ,v likely !y w\ld g f>!r on "s occasions1 b n (t54 ,,accusations ,,n ,,always ,,"r4 ,c>eless bee-keep]s1 :5 _! hives are ?us robb$1 feel regret1 or are m (t5 vex$ at somebody--at ! result ( _! c>elessness4 ,! p]son1 keep+ mo/ bees 9 a neighborhood1 mu/ expect to be acc\ntable = all effects ( _! ignorance1 mismanagem5t1 or c>elessness1 & consequ5t bad luck2 :5 all ! honey ?us obta9$1 probably c>ries ) x m mis*ief ?an c be eradicat$ 9 a twelvemon?1 !reby giv+ ! real cause ( compla9t to ! o!r p>ty4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,irritability ,,( ,,bees4 ,keep+ bees good-natur$1 (f]s a pretty fair subject = ridicule3 x seems r too absurd to tea* a bee any?+6 ,nev]!less1 x is wor? :ile to ?9k ( x a little4 ,mo/ ( u "k t by injudici\s tra9+1 horses1 cattle1 dogs1 c41 may be r5d]$ extremely vici\s4 ,if !re is no p]ceptible analogy betwe5 ^! & bees1 exp]i5ce proves t !y may be made t5 times m irritable ?an !y naturally w\ld be4 ,,_! ,,means ,,( ,,def5ce4 ,nature has arm$ !m ) means to def5d _! /ores1 & provid$ !m ) combativ5ess suffici5t to use !m :5 necess>y4 ,?is c\ld n be bett]$4 ,if !y 7 p[]less to repel an enemy1 !re are a ?\s& lazy depr$ators1 man n except$1 :o w\ld prey ^u ! fruits ( _! indu/ry1 leav+ !m to />ve4 ,_h x be5 s arrang$1 ?is indu/ri\s insect w\ld probably h long s9ce be5 ext9ct4 ,,"t ,,( ,,greate/ ,,irritability4 ,! season ( _! greate/ caution1 9 ?is section1 is ,augu/1 dur+ ! fl[]s ( buck:eat4 ,x is !n _! /ores are greate/4 ,z soon z a /ock is pretty well suppli$ ) ?is _w's goods1 l "s bip$s1 !y become v haughty1 pr\d1 ari/ocratic1 & insol5t4 ,a great _m ?+s are con/ru$ into insults1 t 9 _! days ( adv]sity w\ld pass unnotic$2 b n[ x is becom+ & prop] = _! honor to %[ a j res5tm5t4 ,x behooves u1 !re=e1 to asc]ta9 :at are consid]$ insults4 ,,prop] ,,conduct4 ,fir/1 all quick motions1 su* z runn+1 /rik+1 c41 ab\t !m1 are notic$4 ,if our movem5ts among !m are sl[1 cauti\s1 humble1 & respectful1 we are (t5 let to pass unmole/$1 hav+ manife/$ a becom+ deportm5t4 ,yet ! exhalations f "s p]sons appe> v (f5sive1 z !y attack !m mu* soon] ?an o!rs2 ?\gh ,i appreh5d !re is n s great a diff]5ce z _m suppose4 ,:5ev] an attack is made1 & a /+ foll[s1 ! v5om ?us imp>t$ to ! air1 if by only "o1 is p]ceiv$ by o!rs at "s di/ance1 :i* w imm$iately approa* ! sc5e1 & m /+s are likely to foll[ ?an if ! fir/ _h n be54 ,,h[ ,,to ,,proce$ ,,:5 ,,attack$4 ,/rik+ !m d[n r5d]s !m t5 times m furi\s4 ,n 9 ! lea/ daunt$1 !y return to ! attack4 ,n ! lea/ %[ ( fe> is p]ceiv$4 ,ev5 aft] los+ _! /+1 !y ob/9ately refuse to desi/4 ,x is mu* ! be/ way to walk z quietly z possible to ! %elt] ( "s bu%1 or to ! h\se4 ,!y w seldom g inside ( ! door4 ,a ,,p]son',s ,,brea? ,,(f5sive1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,causes4 ,! brea? ( a p]son inside ! hive1 or among !m1 :5 clu/]$ outside1 is consid]$ 9 ! tribunals ( _! insect wisdom z ! greate/ indignity4 ,a sudd5 j>1 sometimes made by c>elessly turn+ up ! hive1 is ano!r4 ,aft] be+ once ?or\ghly irritat$ 9 ?is way1 !y rememb] x = weeks1 & are cont9ually on ! al]t2 ! mom5t ! hive is t\*$1 !y are ready to salute a p]son's face4 ,:5 slides ( t9 or z9c are us$ to cut (f ! communication betwe5 ! hives & boxes1 "s ( ! bees are apt to be cru%$ or cut 9 two4 ,?is !y rememb]1 & retaliate1 z occasion (f]s2 & x may be :5 quietly walk+ 9 ! api>y4 ,,_! ,,mann] ,,( ,,attack4 ,i mu/ disagree ) any "o :o says we always h w>n+ be=e be+ /ung4 ,i h be5 /ung a few times myself4 ,two-?irds ( !m 7 receiv$ )\t ! lea/ notice--! fir/ intimation 0 ! bl[4 ,at o!r times1 :5 fully det]m9$ on v5geance1 ,i h _h !m /rike my hat & rema9 a mom5t endeavor+ to effect _! object4 ,9 ?is case1 ,i h w>n+ to hold d[n my face to protect x f ! next attempt1 :i* is q sure to foll[4 ,z !y fly horizontally1 ! face held 9 t position is n s liable to be attack$4 ,:5 !y are n s ?or\ghly *>g$ ) ang]1 !y (t5 approa* 9 m]ely a ?reat5+ attitude1 buzz+ ar\nd v provok+ly = sev]al m9utes 9 close proximity to our e>s & face1 app>5tly to asc]ta9 our int5tions4 ,if no?+ ho/ile or displeas+ is p]ceiv$1 !y w g5]ally leave2 b %\ld a quick motion or (f5sive brea? (f5d !m1 ! dread$ result is almo/ sure to foll[4 ,too _m p are apt to take ^! ?reat5+ manife/ations z positive int5tions to /+4 ,:5 ^! ?+s c be quietly endur$1 & at ! same "t leave _! vic9ity1 x g5]ally ends peaceably4 ,!y nev] make an attack :ile away f _! home 9 que/ ( honey1 or on _! return1 until !y h ent]$ ! hive4 ,x is only 9 ! hive & its vic9ity t we expect to meet ?is irascible temp]am5t1 :i* %\ld n be all[$1 or at lea/ may be subdu$ 9 a great measure1 if n entirely1 by do+ ?+s 9 a quiet mann]1 &1 by ! use ( tobacco smoke4 ,any p]son hav+ ! c>e ( bees %\ld g arm$ ) ?is p[]ful weapon4 ,z bees are n mu* affect$ ) smoke1 :ile fly+ 9 ! air1 b w h _! own way1 we mu/ take !m 9 ! hive z ! place to tea* !m a prop] deportm5t6 ,^? :o are accu/om$ to smok+ w f9d a pipe or seg> v conv5i5t "h4 ,b su* z are n w\ld d bett]1 p]haps1 n to le>n a bad habit4 ,i w !re=e give a simple sub/itute4 ,,smok] ,,describ$4 ,get a tube ( t9 ab\t five-eigh?s ( an in* diamet]1 five or six in*es 9 l5g?2 make /opp]s ( wood to fit bo? ends1 two & a half or ?ree in*es long2 ) y\r nail-gimlet make a hole ?r\gh !m l5g?wise3 :5 put toge!r x %\ld be ab\t t5 in*es4 ,! ends may be tap]$4 ,on "o end leave a not*1 t x may be held ) ! tee?1 :i* is ! mo/ conv5i5t way1 z y w (t5 want to use bo? h&s3 x is also always ready1 )\t any tr\ble to bl[ ?r\gh1 & also to keep ! tobacco burn+4 ,:5 ready to op]ate1 fill ! tube ) tobacco1 ignite x1 & put 9 ! /opp]s2 by bl[+ ?r\gh x y keep ! tobacco burn+ :ile ! smoke issues at ! o!r end4 ,,effect ,,( ,,tobacco ,,smoke4 ,we c n[ subdue ^! combative prop5sities1 or r5d] !m h>mless2 turn _! ang] to submission1 & make !m yield _! treasures to ! h&s ( ! spoil] )\t an ef=t ( resi/ance6 ,:5 once ov]p[]$1 !y seem to lose all k ( _! /r5g?1 & no slave c be m submissive6 ,aft] ! effects ( ! smoke h pass$ (f1 _! =m] animosity w return4 ,%\ld any res5tm5t be %[n on rais+ a hive1 bl[ 9 ! smoke2 !y imm$iately retreat1 begg+ p>don4 ,aft] a few times1 !y le>n x's no use1 & all[ an inspection4 ,if y wi% to take (f a box1 raise x j en\gh to bl[ "u ! smoke2 !re is no tr\ble2 y c replace x ) ano!r2 ! bees are kept out ( ! way ) a little m smoke1 & no ang] creat$ ab\t x to be rememb]$4 ,^? 9 ! box are all submission2 !y c be c>ri$ away & h&l$ z y please1 )\t a possibility ( gett+ !m irritat$1 until !y once m get home1 & !n are mu* m amiable ?an if ! box _h be5 tak5 )\t ! smoke4 ,!y seem to =get1 or d n realize any?+ ( ! transaction4 ,:5 bees are to be transf]r$ to a new hive1 x is unnecess>y to be s v p>ticul> ab\t ! escape ( a s+le bee2 no fe>s ne$ be ent]ta9$ ( su* z get out4 ,9 driv+1 ! l\d humm+ indicates _! submission2 ! upp] hive c !n be safely rais$ at any "t4 ,aft] be+ ?us driv5 out1 !y may be pu%$ ab\t ) impunity1 & /ill be quiet6 ,9 %ort1 by us+ smoke on all occasions :]e !y w\ld be likely to be di/urb$ )\t x by our m$dl+ ) !m1 x has a t5d5cy to keep dormant _! combative prop5sities4 ,:5 ^! h nev] be5 ar\s$1 !re is mu* less dang] f _! attacks :ile walk+ or look+ among !m4 ,any "o wi%+ fur!r pro(1 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! exp]im5t ( manag+ "o ye> ) smoke1 & ! next )\t4 ,,/+ ,,describ$4 ,_! /+1 z x appe>s to ! nak$ eye1 is b a t9y in/rum5t ( w>2 s small1 inde$1 t its w\nd w\ld pass unhe$$ by all ! l>g] animals1 if x 0 n = ! poison introduc$ at ! same in/ant4 ,x has be5 describ$ z be+ compos$ ( ?ree p>ts1 a %ea? & two d>ts4 ,bo? ! d>ts are furni%$ ) small po9ts or b>bs l a fi%hook1 t hold x :5 introduc$ into ! fle%2 ! bee be+ compell$ to leave x beh9d4 ,,does ,,its ,,loss ,,prove ,,fatal8 ,x is said to ! bee itself ?is mutilation proves fatal4 ,?is la/ is ano!r ass]tion = fact1 s (t5 repeat$1 t p]haps we might z well admit x2 see+ ! difficulty we %\ld h 9 disprov+ x4 ,only ?9k ( ! impossibility ( keep+ our eye1 = five m9utes1 on a bee t is fly+ ab\t1 aft] x has left its /+4 ,yet !re are "s p]sons s v p>ticul> ab\t :at !y receive z facts1 t !y w\ld require ?is v unreasonable ?+ ( wat*+ a bee till x di$1 be=e !y c\ld be positively sure t ! loss ( its /+ caus$ its dea?4 7,x is mu* easi] to guess47 ,!y might ev5 take analogy1 & say t o!r insects possess s little s5sation t !y h be5 kn[n to recov] aft] mu* m ext5sive mutilation--t beetles h liv$ = mon?s "u circum/ances t w\ld h in/antly kill$ "s ( ! high] animals--t spid]s (t5 reproduce a leg1 ev5 lob/]s c replace a lo/ claw1 c4 ,i h put (f describ+ any protection aga9/ _! attacks1 because ,i wi% to get up a little m c\rage 9 our do+s among !m4 ,yet x is folly to expect all w manage successfully )\t some?+ = def5ce4 ,,means ,,( ,,protection4 ,! face & h&s are mo/ expos$2 = ! latt]1 ?ick wooll5 mitt5s or gloves are be/2 ! /+ is g5]ally left :5 ?ru/ into a lea!r glove4 ,= ! face procure "o & a half y>ds ( ?9 musl9 or calico1 sew ! ends toge!r1 ! upp] end ga!r$ on a /r+ small en\gh to prev5t x slipp+ ov] ! head :5 put on4 ,an arm-hole is to be cut out on ea* side2 bel[ is ano!r /r+ to ga!r x close to ! body4 ,z ,i d n expect y to "w 9 ! d>k1 we w h a place cut out 9 front1 & a piece ( co>se lace ins]t$2 t :i* w j prev5t a bee f pass+1 is be/1 z x gives u a bett] *ance to see4 ,to keep x f fall+ aga9/ ! face1 a wire is b5t ar\nd & sew$ fa/4 ,any p]son t kn[s h[ to put on a %irt w manage ?is4 ,:5 ?us equipp$1 & o!r g>m5ts ( prop] ?ickness1 ! mo/ timid ought n to hesitate to v5ture among !m1 :5 necess>y4 ,i _c avoid caution+ y aga9 to bew>e ( irritat+ y\r bees1 until ?is protection is necess>y1 z x is a r bad /ate ( ?+s4 ,) ?is on1 y _c conv5i5tly use any smoke4 ,to put ?is on & (f is consid]able tr\ble1 & e "t y g among !m1 if y h to resort to ?is1 ,i fe> "s necess>y duties w be neglect$4 ,:5ev] a p>tial protection w d1 ,i w\ld recomm5d a h&k]*ief2 x is always at h&1 & c be put on 9 a mom5t2 ?r[ x ov] ! head1 lett+ ! ends fall ar\nd ! neck & %\ld]s1 cov]+ all b ! face4 ,! hat c come on ov] x4 ,z = ! face1 :5ev] a bee comes ar\nd 9 a m5ac+ attitude1 hold x d[n--unless he /+s at ! fir/ onset1 !re is n mu* risk4 ,,rem$ies ,,= ,,/+s4 ,conc]n+ ! rem$ies = /+s1 x is a h>d matt] to tell :i* is ! be/4 ,!re is s mu* diff]5ce 9 ! effect 9 diff]5t individuals1 & ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body1 z well z ! dep? ! /+ rea*es1 t a great v>iety ( rem$ies are recomm5d$4 ,a p]son is slightly /ung1 & applies some?+ z an antidote2 ! effect ( ! /+ is trifl+1 z p]haps x w\ld h be5 )\t any?+1 & ! m$ic9e is =?) extoll$ z a sov]eign rem$y4 ,i h be5 ?us deceiv$2 :5 slightly /ung appli$ :at ,i ?\ght cur$ 9 "o case1 :5 9 ! next ! /+ might h p5etrat$ deep]1 or 9 "s o!r place1 & ! rem$y w\ld seem to h no effect4 ,= ! la/ few ye>s1 ,i h n made any application :atev] = myself1 & ! effect is no worse1 nor ev5 z bad z =m]ly4 7,?is1 ,i am told1 is because ! sy/em is h>d5$1 & n[ c resi/ or ?r[ (f ! effects47 ,among ! rem$ies recomm5d$1 are sal]atus & wat]1 salt & wat]1 s(t-soap mix$ ) salt1 a raw onion cut 9 two & "o-half appli$1 mud or clay mix$ pretty wet & *ang$ (t51 tobacco wet & rubb$ ?or\ghly to get at ! /r5g?1 & cold wat] con/antly appli$4 ,to cure ! sm>t1 ! application ( tobacco is /rongly urg$1 & cold wat] is spok5 ( ) equal favor to prev5t ! swell+4 ,:5 /ung 9 ! ?roat1 dr9k+ (t5 ( salt & wat] is said w prev5t s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,:e!r any ( ^! rem$ies are appli$ or n1 ,i suppose x is unnecess>y to say t ! /+ %\ld be pull$ out z soon z practicable4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,enemies ,,( ,,bees4 ,among ! enemies ( bees1 !re are includ$ rats1 mice1 birds1 toads1 & insects4 ,,are ,,!y ,,all ,,guilty8 ,b "s ( ^! are probably cle> ( any actual mis*ief4 ,i /rongly suspect t ! _s ( de/ructiv5ess ) _m p is altoge!r too active4 ,!re are "s f>m]s1 ) ?is pr9ciple pr$om9ant1 s %ort-sight$1 t if x 0 9 _! p[] !y w\ld de/roy a :ole class ( birds1 because "s ( !m _h pick$ a few *]ries1 or dug out a few hills ( corn1 :51 at ! same "t1 !y are indebt$ to _! activity 9 dev\r+ worms1 insects1 c41 t w\ld o!rwise h de/roy$ entire crops6 ,x w be well1 !re=e1 be=e condemnation1 to see if on ! :ole we are to be ga9]s or los]s by an indiscrim9ate slaught]1 )\t judge or jury4 ,,rats ,,& ,,mice4 ,rats & mice are nev] tr\blesome1 except 9 cold wea!r4 ,! entrances ( all hives /&+ out are too small to admit a rat4 ,x is only :5 9 ! h\se t mu* damage ne$ be appreh5d$4 ,!y appe> to be fond ( honey1 & :5 x is accessible w eat sev]al p\nds 9 a %ort "t4 ,mice w (t5 ent] ! hive :5 /&+ on ! b5*1 & make ext5sive depr$ations4 ,sometimes1 aft] eat+ a space 9 ! combs1 !y w !re make _! ne/4 ,! animal heat creat$ by ! bees w make a snug1 w>m place = w9t] qu>t]s4 ,!re are two k9ds3 "o ! common class1 belong+ to ! h\se2 ! o!r call$ de]-m\se--! "u side p]fectly :ite1 ! back mu* light] ?an ! o!r k9d4 ,! latt] seems to be p>ticul>ly fond ( ! bees1 :ile ! fir/ appe>s to reli% ! honey4 ,:e!r !y take bees t are alive1 or only su* z are already dead1 ,i _c say4 ,only a "p ( ! bee is eat52 & if we take ! fragm5ts left to judge ( ! numb] consum$1 ! circum/ance w g "s ways to prove ! sacrifice ( q a numb]4 ,:e!r bees or honey is wa/$1 a little c>e to prev5t _! depr$ations is well wor?y ( be/[al4 ,z rats & mice h s long s9ce be5 condemn$ & s5t5c$ = be+ a univ]sal plague1 & )\t a r$eem+ trait1 ,i w say no?+ 9 _! favor1 & am p]fectly will+ !y %all be hang$ till dead4 ,,are ,,all ,,! ,,birds ,,guilty8 ,b = "s ( ! birds accus$ ( prey+ ^u bees1 ,i w\ld say a ^w4 ,,k+-,,bird--,,"o ,,^w ,,9 ,,8 ,,favor4 ,! k+-bird /&s at ! head ( ! li/ ( depr$ators6 ,) a fair trial he w be f\nd guilty1 ?\gh n s he9\sly crim9al z _m suppose4 ,i ?9k we %all f9d him guilty ( tak+ only ! drones4 ,9 ! aft]noon ( a fair day he may be se5 p]*$ ^u "s dry bran* ( a %rub or tree ne> ! api>y1 wat*+ = 8 victims1 occasionally d>t+ to seize !m4 ,i h %ot him d[n & exam9$ 8 crop1 aft] see+ him dev\r a goodly numb]2 b 9 e in/ance ! bees 7 s cru%$ to pieces1 t x 0 impossible to di/+ui% work]s f drones4 ,we are told ( great numb]s ( work]s be+ c\nt$4 ,x may be s1 or x may be ?us repres5t$ by a spice ( prejudice4 ,i h f\nd ! brutal gratification ( tak+ life s /rong ) "s1 t a natural antipa?y is all[$ to take ! place ( ju/ice1 & a prop] def5ce is n all[$ 9 su* cases :]e ! suff]+ p>ty has n ! p[] to en=ce x4 ,if he 0 satisfi$ ) work]s z well z drones1 :y does he n visit ! api>y long be=e noon1 & fill 8 crop ) !m8 ,b in/ead1 he waits till aft]noon = ! drones2 & if none are fly+1 he wat*es quietly till "o appe>s1 al?\gh work]s may be out by hundr$s cont9ually4 ,if ! "q is ask$1 h[ !y tell ! diff]5ce 9 ! two k9ds ( bees1 ,i might sugge/ t in/9ct has taught mo/ animals ! prop] k9d ( food1 & might direct ! birds 9 ?is case4 ,if x 0 n suffici5t1 a little exp]i5ce 9 cat*+ bees provid$ ) /+s1 might imp>t ! important diff]5ce1 9 "o or two lessons4 ,i once _h a *ick5 t knew ! diff]5ce by "s means1 & w\ld /& by ! hive & dev\r e drone1 ! mom5t x t\*$ ! bo>d1 :ile ! work]s w\ld pass by him 9 scores unt\*$6 ,n[1 :e!r ?is tak+ ! drones is a disadvantage or o!rwise1 w\ld dep5d entirely ^u circum/ances4 ,if honey 0 a little sc>ce1 ! less we _h ( !m ! bett]2 x w\ld also save ! bees "s tr\ble 9 dispat*+ !m4 ,x is probably a matt] ( s little mom5t to our bees1 t x w n pay = p[d] to %oot !m4 ,m>t9s1 & a k9d ( swall[s1 are said to be guilty ( tak+ bees on "s occasions2 b z !y pursue !m on ! w+ 7if !y d71 ! same rem>ks w apply z to ! k+-bird4 ,,cat-,,bird ,,acquitt$4 ,! cat-bird also comes 9 = a %>e ( c5sure4 ,x is said !y w get "r d[n by ! hive1 & pick up bees by ! hundr$4 ,yet1 "r 9 ! face ( ?is *>ge1 ,i am dispos$ to acquit him4 ,) ! close/ obs]vation1 ,i f9d him ab\t ! hive1 pick+ up only "y & immature bees1 su* z are remov$ f ! combs & ?r[n out4 ,!y may be se5 z soon z ! fir/ rays ( light make objects visible ab\t ! api>y1 look+ = _! morn+ supply1 z well z frequ5t visits dur+ ! day4 ,%\ld an unlucky worm be 9 sight j !n1 :ile look+ up a place = sp9n+ a cocoon1 or a mo? repos+ on "s corn] ( ! hive1 _! fate is at once decid$4 ,be=e de/roy+ ?is bird1 x w\ld be well to judge by actual obs]vation z to facts2 o!rwise we might de/roy a fri5d in/ead ( a foe4 ,,toad ,,got ,,cle>4 ,a toad is discov]$ ne> ! hives1 & =?) he is execut$ z a bee-eat]4 ,he ought to be kill$ = 8 looks1 if no?+ else6 ,he is ?us (t5 sacrific$ really on acc\nt ( 8 appe>ance1 :ile pret5d+ he is a villa94 ,x is true 8 fea!rs w n vie 9 brilliancy ) ! plumage ( ! humm+-bird1 & d n gratify ideality--!re=e he is dispat*$4 ,! next week ! compla9t is made t ! little bugs1 t he might h de/roy$1 h eat5 up all ! little cucumb]s & cabbages4 ,8 food is probably small insects4 ,:oev] has se5 him swall[ bees1 mu/ h wat*$ clos] ?an ,i ev] did4 ,,wasps ,,& ,,hornets ,,n ,,favor$4 ,z = ! frequ5t visits ( ! black-wasp 9 ! sunny days ( spr+1 b little c be said 9 _! favor--!y seem to h no o!r object b to tease & irritate ! bees4 ,i nev] c\ld discov] t !y ent]$ ! hive = ! purpose ( plund]4 ,!y h frequ5t battles ) ! bees1 b ,i nev] saw any bees dev\r$ or c>ri$ (f1 nor ev5 kill$4 ,aft] ! fir/ ( ,june !y are seldom tr\blesome4 ,! yell[ wasp or hornet1 t is ar\nd 9 autumn1 is ( b little acc\nt2 _! object is honey1 :i* !y take :5 !y c get x1 b are n apt to ent] ! hive among ! bees4 ,,ants--,a ,,^w ,,9 ,,_! ,,favor4 ,ants come 9 = a %>e ( condemnation4 ,?is little indu/ri\s insect %all h my endeavors = a fair he>+2 ,i ?9k ,i c und]/& :y !y are s frequ5tly accus$ ( robb+ bees4 ,_m bee-keep]s are :olly ignorant1 mo/ ( ! "t1 ( ! real condition ( _! /ocks4 ,_m causes indep5d5t ( ants1 induce a r$uction ( population4 ,suppose ! bees are s r$uc$ z to leave ! combs unprotect$1 & ! ants ent] & appropriate "s ( ! honey to !mselves1 & %\ld ! own] come along j !n & see !m engag$1 ,ha6 y are ! rascals t h de/roy$ my bees1 )\t a ?\ght ( look+ = causes1 beyond pres5t appe>ances4 ,!y are (t5 unju/ly accus$ by ! f>m] ( injur+ ! gr[? ( 8 little trees1 by caus+ ! t5d] leaves to curl & )]4 ,inquiries are (t5 made 9 "s ( ! agricultural pap]s = means to de/roy !m1 m]ely because !y are f\nd on !m2 :5 ! real cause ( ! mis*ief is ) ! plant l\se1 7aphis7 t is ^u ! leaves or /alk 9 hundr$s1 robb+ !m ( _! important juices1 & secret+ a fluid greatly priz$ by ! ants4 ,by de/roy+ ! lice1 y remove all ! attraction ( ! ants4 ,! peculi> habits ( ! small black ants1 probably give rise to a suspicion ( mis*ief 9 ?is way4 ,!y live 9 communities ( ?\s&s--_! ne/s are usually 9 old walls1 9 old timb]1 "u /ones1 & 9 ! e>?4 ,f _! ne/s a /r+ may be trac$ sometimes = rods1 go+ aft]1 & return+ lad5 ) food4 ,dur+ a spell ( wet wea!r1 su* z w\ld make ! e>? & _m o!r places too damp & cold = a ne/1 !y look out = bett] qu>t]s4 ,! top or *amb] ( our bee-hives af=ds %elt] f ra94 ,! animal heat f ! bees r5d]s x p]fectly com=table4 ,h[ !n c we blame !m = *oos+ su* a location1 s completely answ]+ all _! wants8 ,z long z ! bees are n di/urb$1 we c put up ) x bett]4 ,b ! c>eless obs]v] hav+ discov]$ _! tra9 to & fro f _! ne/ on ! hive1 exclaims3 ,:y1 ,i h se5 !m go+ 9 a cont9ual /ream to ! hive aft] honey2 :5 a little scrut9y into ! matt] w\ld %[ t only ! ne/ 0 on ! top ( ! hive1 & !y 7 go+ some:]e else = food2 n "o to be se5 ent]+ ! hive among ! bees = honey1 7at lea/ ,i nev] c\ld detect x47 ,:5 honey is unprotect$ by bees1 or boxes ( x plac$ :]e !y c h access1 z a natural consequ5ce1 !y w c>ry (f "s2 b x is easily secur$4 ,,spid] ,,condemn$4 ,spid]s are a s\rce ( consid]able annoyance to ! api>ian1 z well z to ! bees2 n s mu* on acc\nt ( ! numb] ( bees consum$1 z _! habit ( sp9n+ a web ab\t ! hive1 t w occasionally take a mo?1 & w probably entangle fifty bees ! :il/4 ,!y are ei!r 9 fe> ( ! bees1 or !y are n reli%$ z food2 p>ticul>ly1 z a bee caught 9 ! morn+ is frequ5tly unt\*$ dur+ ! day4 ,?is web is (t5 exactly be=e ! entrance1 entangl+ ! bees z !y g out & return2 irritat+ & h9d]+ !m consid]ably4 ,!y (t5 escape aft] repeat$ /ruggles4 ,i h remov$ a web f ! same place e morn+1 = a week1 t 0 r5ew$ at night ) a/oni%+ p]sev]ance6 ,i c g5]ally look out 8 hid+-place1 :i* is 9 "s corn] ne> by1 & dispat* him4 ,8 r$eem+ qualities are few1 & are m ?an balanc$ by ! evil1 z f> z ,i h discov]$4 ,_! sagacity 9 "s in/ances w f9d a place ( concealm5t n easily discov]$4 ,at ! approa* ( cold wea!r1 ! box or *amb] ( ! hive be+ a little w>m] ?an o!r places1 w attract a great _m !re to deposit _! eggs4 ,little piles ( webb+ or silk may be se5 atta*$ to ! top ( ! hive1 or sides ( boxes4 ,^! conta9 eggs = ! next ye>'s brood4 ,?is is ! "t to de/roy !m & save tr\ble = ! future4 ,if we comb9e into "o phalanx all ! depr$ators yet nam$1 & comp>e _! ability = mis*ief ) ! wax mo?1 we %all f9d _! p[]s ( de/ruction b a small item6 ,( ! mo? itself we w\ld h no?+ to fe> 7 x n = h] prog5y1 t consi/ ( a hundr$ or a ?\s& vile worms1 ^: food is pr9cipally wax or comb4 ,z ! in/9ct ( ! fle%-fly directs h] to a putrid c>cass to deposit h] eggs1 t h] (fspr+ may h _! prop] food1 s ! mo? seeks ! hive conta9+ combs1 & :]e its natural food is at h& to furni% a supply4 ,dur+ ! day a ru/y br[n mill]1 ) its w+s wrapp$ close ar\nd ! body1 may be (t5 se5 ly+ p]fectly motionless on ! side ( ! hive on "o corn]1 or ! "u edge ( ! top1 :]e x projects ov]--!y are m frequ5t at ! corn]s ?an any:]e else1 "o-?ird ( _! l5g? project+ beyond x2 appe>+ mu* l a sliv] on ! edge ( a bo>d t is some:at wea!r-beat54 ,_! color s closely resembles old wood1 t ,i h no d\bt _! enemies are (t5 deceiv$1 & let !m escape ) _! lives4 ,z soon z daylight %uts out ! view1 & no dang] ( _! movem5ts be+ discov]$ by _! enemies1 !y ?r[ (f _! inactivity1 & comm5ce se>*+ = a place to deposit _! eggs1 & woe to ! /ock t has n bees suffici5t to drive !m f ! comb4 ,al?\gh _! l>vae has a sk9 t ! bee _c pi]ce ) its /+1 9 mo/ cases1 x is n s ) ! mo?1 & ( ?is fact !y seem to be aw>e1 = :5ev] a bee approa*es !y d>t away ) spe$ t5 times great] ?an t ( any bee1 dispos$ to foll[6 ,!y ent] ! hive & dodge out 9 a mom5t1 hav+ ei!r enc\nt]$ a bee1 or fe> !y may d s4 ,n[ x ne$s no argum5t to prove t :5 all our /ocks are well protect$1 t x mu/ be a poor *ance to deposit eggs1 on ! combs ( su* hives1 :]e _! in/9ct has taught !m is ! prop] place4 ,b !y mu/ leave !m some:]e4 ,:5 driv5 f all ! combs )91 ! next be/ place is ! cracks & flaws ab\t ! hive1 t are l9$ ) propolis2 & ! du/ & *ips t fall on ! floor-bo>d ( a "y sw>m n full w be us$4 ,?is la/ mat]ial is mo/ly wax1 & answ]s v well in/ead ( comb4 ,! eggs w "h hat* & ! worms sometimes asc5d to ! combs2 h5ce ! necessity ( keep+ ! bottom bru%$ (f clean4 ,x w prev5t ^? t are on ! bottom f go+ up2 also ! bees f tak+ up any eggs1 if ?is %\ld happ5 to be ! me?od4 ,i c conceive ( no o!r way by :i* !y get among ! combs ( a popul\s /ock2 :]e !y are (t5 detect$1 hav+ be5 deposit$ by "s means4 ,a worm lodg$ 9 ! comb1 makes 8 way to ! c5tre1 & !n eats a passage z he proce$s1 l9+ x ) a %r\d ( silk1 gradually enl>g+ x1 z he increases 9 size4 7,:5 combs are fill$ ) honey1 !y "w on ! surface1 eat+ only ! seal+47 ,9 v weak families ?is silk5 passageway is left unt\*$1--b remov$ by all ! /rong] ones4 ,i h f\nd x ass]t$ t ! worms w\ld be all imm$iately de/roy$ by ! bees1 7 x n = a k9d ( dread 9 t\*+ !m until compell$ to by necessity4 ,z ! facts :i* l$ to ?is conclusion are n giv51 & ,i c f9d none confirm+ x1 p]haps ,i %all be excus$ if ,i h no fai?4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i f9d to all appe>ance an in/9ctive antipa?y to all su* intrud]s1 & are remov$ imm$iately :5 possess+ ! p[]4 ,:5 a worm is 9 a comb fill$ ) brood1 its passage be+ 9 ! c5tre1 x is n at fir/ discov]$4 ,! bees1 to get x out1 mu/ bite away half ! ?ickness1 remov+ ! brood 9 "o or two r[s ( cells1 sometimes = sev]al in*es4 ,?is w acc\nt = s _m immature bees f\nd on ! bottom bo>d at morn+1 9 ! spr+2 z well z 9 /ocks & sw>ms b p>tially protect$ aft] ! sw>m+ season4 ,,indications ,,( ,,_! ,,pres5ce4 ,sometimes a half doz5 "y bees1 ne>ly mature1 w be remov$ alive1 all webb$ toge!r1 fa/5$ by legs1 w+s1 c4 ,all _! ef=ts = break+ loose prove unavail+4 ,also o!rs t are sep>ate may be se5 runn+ ab\t ) _! w+s mutilat$1 or "p ( _! legs eat5 (f1 or ti$ toge!r6 ,^! g5]ally are ! fir/ symptoms ( worms 9 our /ock at ?is season4 ,al?\gh unfavorable1 x might be worse4 ,x %[s t ! bees are n disc\rag$ yet1--t :5 f9d+ ! worms pres5t1 h suffici5t en]gy left to make an ef=t to rid !mselves ( ! nuisance4 ,,managem5t4 ,%\ld ! api>ian n[ give !m a little assi/ance = a few days1 !y w soon be 9 a prosp]\s condition4 ,! hive %\ld be frequ5tly rais$1 & ev]y?+ bru%$ out clean4 ,if x is a new sw>m half full1 t pres5ts ^! indications1 x %\ld be turn$ ov] a few times1 p]haps once a week1 till ! worms are ma/]$2 & ! corn]s bel[ ! bees exam9$ = ! cocoons1 t w v (t5 be f\nd !re1 & are easily deta*$ & de/roy$4 ,9 turn+ ov] a hive "p full1 9 w>m wea!r1 y %\ld fir/ obs]ve ! position ( ! combs1 & let ! edges re/ aga9/ ! side ( ! hive1 o!rwise !y might b5d ov] & break loose :5 ! hive 0 aga9 set up1 7by simply mak+ a p5cil m>k across ! top 9 ! direction ( ! combs1 y may "k any "t aft] fir/ look+74 ,,c>e ,,9 ,,turn+ ,,ov] ,,hives4 ,:5 a hive is full ( combs1 ! edges are usually atta*$ suffici5t to /eady !m1 & x is ( less consequ5ce :i* way x is turn$1 yet 9 v w>m wea!r ! honey w run out ( drone cells if p]p5dicul>4 ,9 v small sw>ms1 hundr$s ( ! "y brood may be frequ5tly se5 ) _! heads out ( ! cells1 endeavor+ to escape1 b are firmly held inside by ^! webs4 ,i h kn[n a few in/ances 9 su* circum/ances1 :]e x appe>$ z if ! bees _h cut (f ! :ole %eet ( comb & let x drop1 !reby ridd+ !mselves ( all fur!r tr\ble 7or w\ld be rid ( x1 if _! own] only did 8 "p by tak+ out :at fell d[n47 ,,o!r ,,symptoms ,,( ,,worms4 ,b :5 ! bees make no ef=t to dislodge ! enemy or 8 works 9 old /ocks1 ! case is some:at desp]ate6 ,in/ead ( ! =ego+ symptoms we mu/ look = some?+ entirely diff]5t4 ,b few "y bees w be f\nd4 ,9 _! place we may f9d ! faeces ( ! worms dropp$ on ! bo>d4 ,dur+ w9t] & spr+ ! bees1 9 bit+ (f ! cov]+ ( cells to get at ! honey1 drop *ips closely resembl+ x4 ,to detect ! diff]5ce & di/+ui% "o f ! o!r requires a little close inspection4 ,! color ( ! faeces v>ies ) ! comb on :i* !y fe$1 f :ite to br[n & black4 ,! size ( ^! gra9s w be 9 proportion to ! worm--f a m]e speck to ne>ly z l>ge z a p9-head3 %ape cyl9drical1 ) obtuse ends3 l5g? ab\t twice its diamet]4 ,by ! quantity we c judge ( ! numb]4 ,if ! hive is full ( combs ! l[] ends may appe> p]fect1 :ile ! middle or upp] "p is sometimes a mat ( webs6 ,:5ev] our /ocks h become r$uc$ f ov]-sw>m+ or o!r cause1 ?is is ! next effect 9 succession t we mu/ expect4 ,"h is ano!r important reason t we "k ! actual condition ( our bees at all times2 we c !n detect ! worms v soon aft] !y comm5ce4 ,9 "s in/ances we might save ! /ock by break+ out mo/ ( ! combs1 leav+ j en\gh to be cov]$ by ! bees4 ,:5 success att5ds ?is op]ation1 x mu/ be done be=e ! worms h progress$ to a ?or\gh lodgm5t4 ,:5 ! /ock is weak1 & appe>ances indicate ! pres5ce ( _m1 x is g5]ally ! safe/1 & w be ! lea/ tr\ble 9 ! end1 to drive out ! bees at once & secure ! honey & wax4 ,! bees :5 put into a new hive may d a little1 b if !y %\ld d no?+1 x w\ld be no worse4 ,x _c be z bad any way z to h left !m 9 ! old hive till ! worms _h de/roy$ all & matur$ a ?\s& or two mo?s 9 addition to ^? o!rwise produc$1 !reby multiply+ ! *ances ( damage to o!r /ocks a ?\s&-fold4 ,x is probably rememb]$ t ,i said :5 bees are remov$ f a hive 9 w>m wea!r1 if x 0 n infe/$ ) worms at ! "t1 x soon w\ld be1 unless smok$ ) sulphur4 ,,:5 ,,!y ,,gr[ ,,l>g] ,,?an ,,usual4 ,9 a hive ?us left )\t bees to int]f]e1 ! worms w increase to "o-half or two-?irds l>g] ?an :]e _! "r to ! combs is disput$4 ,9 "o case !y (t5 h _! gr[?1 & actually w9d up 9 _! cocoon :5 less ?an an in* 9 l5g?3 9 ! o!r !y w quietly fatt5 till !y are an in* & a half long & z l>ge z a pipe-/em4 ,,"t ,,( ,,gr[?4 ,:5 fir/ hat*$ f ! egg1 x requires v close inspection to see !m ) ! nak$ eye4 ,! rapidity ( gr[? dep5ds on ! temp]ature 9 :i* !y are1 z mu* or m ?an _! good liv+4 ,a few days 9 hot wea!r might develop ! full-gr[n worm1 :ile 9 a l[] temp]ature x w\ld require weeks & ev5 mon?s 9 "s cases1 p]haps f fall till spr+4 ,,"t ,,( ,,trans=mation4 ,! worm1 aft] sp9n+ its cocoon1 soon *anges to a *rysalis1 & rema9s inactive = sev]al days1 :5 x makes an op5+ 9 "o end & crawls out4 ,! "t tak5 = ?is trans=mation is also gov]n$ by ! temp]ature1 al?\gh ,i ?9k b few ev] pass ! w9t] 9 ?is /ate4 ,x is a r>e ?+ to f9d a mo? be=e ! end ( ,may1 & n _m till ! middle ( ,june2 b aft] ?is "t !y are m num]\s till ! end ( ! season4 ,,freez+ ,,de/roys ,,worms1 ,,cocoon ,,& ,,mo?4 ,x is pretty well demon/rat$ t ! mo?1 its eggs1 l>vae & *rysalis _c pass ! w9t] )\t w>m? ( "s k9d to prev5t _! freez+ to dea?4 ,! foll[+ facts indicate ?is4 ,i h tak5 all ! bees out ( a hive 9 ! fall1 & )\t di/urb+ ! comb or honey1 put x 9 a cold *amb] :]e x c\ld freeze ?or\ghly4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,m>* bees 7 aga9 introduc$1 & :5 n on a b5* ) "s o!r /ock t _h worms1 n a s+le in/ance 9 =ty cases has ev] produc$ a worm be=e ! middle ( ,june1 or until ! eggs ( "s mo? matur$ 9 ano!r hive has _h "t to hat*4 ,i h sometimes1 in/ead ( putt+ bees 9 ^! 9 ,m>*1 kept !m till ,june = sw>ms1 p]fectly free f any appe>ance ( worms6 ,,h[ ,,!y ,,pass ,,! ,,w9t]4 ,b x is altoge!r a diff]5t ?+ ) our hives 9 :i* bees are w9t]$2 !y are seldom or nev] entirely exempt6 ,p]haps x is impossible to w9t] bees )\t pres]v+ "s eggs ( ! mo? or a few worms at ! same "t4 ,! p]fect mo? p]haps nev] survives ! w9t]2 ! only place t ! *rysalis w\ld be safe1 ,i ?9k mu/ be 9 ! vic9ity ( ! bees--& a good /ock w nev] all[ x !re--b eggs1 x w\ld appe>1 are suff]$ to rema94 ,9 ! fall1 at ! approa* ( cold wea!r1 ! bees are apt to leave ! ends ( ! combs expos$2 ! mo? c n[ ent] & deposit h] eggs directly ^u !m2 ^!1 toge!r ) :at are c>ri$ 9 by means be=e sugge/$1 are en\gh to prev5t los+ ! bre$4 ,! w>m? g5]at$ by ! bees w keep ^! eggs f freez+ & pres]ve _! vitality4 ,:5 w>m wea!r approa*es 9 ! spr+1 ^? ne>e/ ! bees are probably hat*$ fir/1 & comm5ce depr$ations & are remov$ by ! bees4 ,z ! bees increase & occupy m comb1 m are w>m$ up & hat*$4 ,9 ?is way1 ev5 a small family ( bees w hat*1 & get rid ( all ! eggs t happ5 to be 9 _! combs1 & n be de/roy$4 ,?is is ! "t t ! api>ian may be ( s]vice 9 de/roy+ ! worms1 z ! bees get !m on ! floor4 ,,/ocks ,,m ,,liable ,,to ,,be ,,de/roy$ ,,la/ ,,( ,,summ]4 ,b 9 ,july & ,augu/ x is diff]5t 9 ?is respect2 a s+le mo? may ent] ! hive :5 expos$1 & deposit h] :ole burd5 ( sev]al hundr$ eggs1 z 9 ! o!r case1 b ! heat f ! bees is n[ unnecess>y to hat* !m4 ,! wea!r at ?is season w make any "p ( ! hive w>m en\gh to set h] :ole brood at "w at once1 & 9 ?ree weeks all may be de/roy$6 ,?is1 & ! fact t m mo?s exi/ n[ ?an be=e1 may acc\nt = ! great] numb] ( /ocks be+ de/roy$ at ?is season4 ,yet x is consid]$ extremely bad managem5t to all[ honey or combs to be dev\r$ by ?is disgu/+ creature4 ,a little c>e to "k ! condition ( ! /ocks is necess>y to prev5t _! gett+ ! />t4 ,^! duties %\ld be fully consid]$ be=e we take ! responsibility ( ! c>e ( bees4 ,,:5 ,,bees ,,are ,,safe4 ,! only condition :5 we c re/ & feel safe is :5 we "k all our /ocks are full ( bees4 ,ev5 ! mo?-pro( hive conta9+ combs w be sc5t$ out by ! mo?1 :5 !re are no bees to gu>d x4 ,an argum5t to %[ t a mo? c ent] :]e a bee c g is unnecess>y1 & a little obs]vation1 ,i ?9k1 w prove t h] eggs sometimes g :]e %e is n all[$4 ,,means ,,to ,,de/roy ,,!m4 ,at ?is season1 7,july & ,augu/71 x is a good plan to put a few pieces ( old dry combs ne> ! hives1 9 a box1 or o!r place1 z a decoy1 :]e ! mo? may h access4 ,%e w deposit a great _m ( h] eggs "h1 in/ead ( ! hive1 & c be easily de/roy$4 ,z we _c always h our bees 9 a situation to feel safe1 x w be well to adopt "s ( ! means recomm5d$ to dim9i% ! numb] ( mo?s4 ,fir/ de/roy all ! worms t c be f\nd at any "t1 p>ticul>ly 9 spr+2 second1 all cocoons t c be got at4 ,a great _m worms c be entic$ to web up1 "u a trap ( eld]1 c41 :5 x is an easy matt] to dispat* !m4 ,?irdly1 de/roy all ! mo?s possible t c be se5 ab\t ! hive4 ,!y are v mu* l ! flea1 :5 y put y\r f+] on him he is n !re2 a c>eful move is necess>y to cru% him at once1 o!rwise he d>ts away at ! lea/ di/urbance4 ,probably ! mo/ exp$iti\s mode is to make !m drunk4 ,,mak+ ,,!m ,,drunk1 ,,& ,,_! ,,execution ,,by ,,*ick5s4 ,mix ) wat] j en\gh molasses & v9eg> to make x palatable2 ?is is to be put 9 :ite sauc]s or o!r di%es1 & set among ! hives at night4 ,l nobl] be+s1 if n wis]1 :5 once !y h ta/$ ! fatal bev]age1 !y seem to lose all p[] to leave ! fasc9at+ cup2 b give way to appetite & excitem5t till a fatal /ep plunges !m into de/ruction6 ,! next morn+ f9ds !m yet wall[+ 9 fil?1 weak & feeble4 ,:e!r !y w\ld recov] f ! effects ( _! c>\sal if lift$ out ( ! mire1 & c>efully nurs$ l o!r specim5s ( creation1 ,i nev] asc]ta9$4 ,) b little tr\ble a *ick5 or two w le>n to be on h&1 & gre$ily dev\r e "o4 ,hundr$s are caught 9 ?is way1 al?\gh _m o!r k9ds besides ! bee-mo? w be mix$ ) !m4 ,?is dr9k may be us$ till dri$ up1 occasionally add+ a little wat]2 p]haps x is bett] aft] f]m5t+4 ,?is recipe appe>$ "s ye>s ago 9 "s pap]2 ,i h =gott5 :]e4 ,salt has be5 recomm5d$ to prev5t ! mis*ief ( ! worms1 z well z a b5efit to ! bees4 ,i us$ x pretty ext5sively = sev]al ye>s1 z ,i ?\ght )\t mu* b5efit1 & got tir$4 ,i !n tri$ salt+ a "p1 & let ! re/ d entirely )\t1 & f\nd no diff]5ce 9 _! prosp]ity4 ,s9ce !n1 "s t5 ye>s ago1 ,i ab&on$ its use altoge!r1 & succe$ j z well4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,melt+ ,,d[n ,,( ,,combs4 ,,! ,,cause4 ,:5 extreme hot wea!r occurs imm$iately aft] ! bees h be5 ga!r+ f a pl5tiful h>ve/ = two or ?ree weeks1 or ev5 dur+ ! yield1 ! wax compos+ new combs is v liable to be s(t5$1 till !y break loose f _! fa/5+s & settle to ! bottom4 ,,effects4 ,sometimes ! injury is trifl+1 only a piece or two slipp+ d[n2 at o!r times ! :ole cont5ts fall 9 a confus$ & brok5 mass1 ! weight press+ out ! honey1 & besme>+ ! bees1 :i* 9 t situation creep out1 & away1 f ! hive 9 e direction4 ,i once _h "s new /ocks ru9$1 & sev]al o!rs injur$ by hot wea!r1 9 ?is way1 ab\t ! fir/ ( ,septemb]1 imm$iately aft] ! fl[]s ( buck:eat4 ,! bees1 or mo/ ( !m1 be+ cov]$ ) honey1 toge!r ) :at ran out ( ! hive1 at once attract$ bees f ! o!rs to ! spot1 :i* c>ri$ (f ! entire cont5ts 9 a few h\rs4 ,?is 0 an uncommon occurr5ce2 ,i h kn[n b "o season 9 tw5ty-five ye>s :5 x occurr$ aft] ! failure ( honey 9 ! fl[]s4 ,x usually happ5s dur+ a pl5te\s yield1 & !n o!r /ocks are n apt to be tr\blesome4 ,,fir/ ,,indications4 ,! fir/ indications ( su* an accid5t w be1 ! bees outside 9 clu/]s1 :5 ! hive is p]haps only half or two-?irds full1 & ! honey runn+ out f ! bottom1 7?is is :5 "p has fall547 ,,prev5tion4 ,to prev5t su* occurr5ces z f> z possible1 v5tilate by rais+ ! hives on little blocks at ! corn]s1 & effectually protect !m f ! sun2 & if necess>y1 wet ! outside ) cold wat]4 ,at ! "t ( los+ ^? be=e m5tion$1 ,i kept all ! re/ ( ! "y sw>ms wet ?r\gh ! middle ( ! day1 & ,i h no d\bt b ,i sav$ sev]al by ?is means4 ,i _h "s tr\ble ) su* z _h only a piece or two come d[n1 & />t$ j honey en\gh to attract o!r bees4 ,x 0 n safe to close ! hive to prev5t ! robb]s1 z ?is w\ld h made ! heat /ill great]1 & be5 c]ta9 de/ruction4 ,! be/ protection ,i f\nd1 0 to put ar\nd ! bottom ( ! hive a few /ems ( asp>agus2 ?is gave a free circulation ( air1 & at ! same "t1 made x v difficult = ! robb]s to approa* ! entrance1 )\t fir/ creep+ ?r\gh ?is h$ge & enc\nt]+ "s bees t belong$ to ! hive2 :i*1 ) ?is assi/ance1 7 enabl$ to def5d !mselves till all wa/+ honey 0 tak5 up4 ,:5 ! hive is ne>ly full1 & b "o or two %eets come d[n1 ! l[] edge w re/ on ! floor1 & ! o!r combs w keep x 9 an upright position1 until ! bees fa/5 x aga94 ,x is g5]ally z well to leave su* pieces z !y are4 ,if ! hive is b half full or little m1 & su* pieces are n kept p]p5dicul> by ! rema9+ combs1 !y are apt to be brok5 & cru%$ badly1 by fall+ s f>2 & mo/ ( ! honey w be wa/$4 ,to save ?is1 x w be necess>y to remove x1 7unless a di% c be made to cat* x74 ,be c>eful n to turn ! hive on its side1 & break ! rema9+ combs1 if any are left4 ,su* combs z conta9 brood & b little honey1 might be left = ! brood to mature4 ,%\ld ! bees be able to take ! honey or n wa/e mu*1 x might be advisable to leave x1 till ! cont5ts 7 tak5 up2 x w\ld greatly assi/ 9 fill+ up4 ,b ^! brok5 pieces %\ld be remov$ be=e !y int]f]e ) ! combs ext5d+ to ! bottom4 ,a "p ( ! bees are g5]ally de/roy$1 b ! majority w escape2 ev5 su* z are cov]$ ) honey1 7if !y are n cru%$7 w clean x (f & soon be 9 work+ ord]1 :5 o!rs d n int]f]e (fici\sly1 assi/+ to remove x4 ,a good yield ( honey is ! be/ protection aga9/ ?is disposition to pillage4 ,aft] ! fir/ ye> combs become ?ick]1 & are n s liable to give way4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,fall ,,managem5t4 ,,fir/ ,,c>e4 ,:5 ! fl[]s fail at ! end ( ! season1 ! fir/ ?+ necess>y is to asc]ta9 :i* are ! weake/ /ocks1 & all t _c def5d !mselves %\ld ei!r be remov$ or re9=c$4 ,! /r5g? ( all /ocks is pretty ?or\ghly te/$ )9 a few days aft] a failure ( honey4 ,%\ld any be f\nd ) too few bees = def5ce1 !y are q sure to be plund]$4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( action 9 season1 t we may secure ! cont5ts 9 advance ( ! robb]s4 ,,/rong ,,/ocks ,,dispos$ ,,to ,,plund]4 ,/rong /ocks1 t dur+ a yield h occupi$ e cell ) brood & honey1 :5 x fails1 w soon h empty cells left by ! "y bees1 hat*+4 ,^! empty cells1 )\t honey to fill !m1 appe> to be a s\rce ( mu* uneas9ess4 ,al?\gh su* hive & caps may be well /or$1 ,i h ev] f\nd !m to be ! wor/ 9 ! api>y1 mu* m dispos$ to plund]1 ?an weak] ones ) half ! honey4 ,z weak /ocks _c be bett]$ n[1 x is be/ to remove !m at once1 & put ! temptation out ( ! way4 ,c>elessness is b a sorry excuse1 = lett+ bees e/abli% ?is habit ( di%one/y4 ,%\ld any /ocks be weak f disease1 ! consequ5ces w\ld be ev5 m disa/r\s ?an bad habits2 ! reasons :y su* impure honey %\ld n g into ?rifty /ocks1 h already be5 giv54 ,if we want ! lea/ possible tr\ble ) our bees1 none b ! be/ %\ld be select$ = w9t]4 ,b :at con/itutes a good /ock1 seems to be b p>tially und]/ood2 if we judge f ! numb] lo/ annually1 too _m are c>eless1 or ignorant 9 ! selection2 suppos+1 p]haps1 because a /ock has be5 good "o w9t] & sw>m$ well1 x mu/ ( c\rse be "r2 ! mi/ake is (t5 fatal4 ,,bees ,,*angeable4 ,bees are s *angeable1 especially 9 ! summ] & sw>m+ season1 t we c seldom be c]ta9 :at !y are1 by :at !y h be54 ,x is safe/1 !re=e1 to "k :at !y are n[4 ,,requisites ,,= ,,good ,,/ocks4 ,! prop] requisites = a good /ock are a full hive ( prop] %ape & size1 7viz41 #b1jjj in*es17 well /or$ ) honey2 a l>ge family ( bees1 & 9 a heal?y condition1 :i* mu/ be asc]ta9$ by actual inspection4 ,! age is n important till ov] eight ye>s old4 ,/ocks possess+ ^! po9ts1 c be w9t]$ ) b little tr\ble4 ,b x _c be expect$ t all w be 9 ?is condition4 ,_m bee-keep]s w wi% to increase _! /ocks & keep all t is practicable1 by supply+ any defici5cy4 ,i %all endeavor to make x appe> pr(itable to d s1 until bees en\gh are kept 9 ! c\ntry1 to get all ! honey t is n[ wa/$4 ,all c und]/& :y x is a loss to h bees eat honey "p ( ! w9t] & !n die--t ! honey consum$ might h be5 sav$--t x makes no great diff]5ce to ! bees :e!r !y are kill$ 9 ! fall or sacrific$ 9 ! w9t]4 ,i am n an advocate = fire & brim/one z ! rew>d ( all un=tunate /ocks1 & %all recomm5d x only :5 its use w make x no worse4 ,we w see h[ f> x c be disp5s$ )4 ,,great ,,disadvantage ,,( ,,kill+ ,,! ,,bees4 ,^? ru/ic bee-keep]s :o are 9 ! habit ( mak+ _! hives v l>ge1 su* z w hold f #ajj to #adj lbs41 & kill+ ! bees 9 ! fall1 & s5d+ ! honey to m>ket1 w probably cont9ue ! use ( sulphur1 unless we c conv9ce !m ( ! great] advantage ( mak+ ! hive small] & h fifty or eighty lbs4 ( ?is honey 9 boxes :i* w sell = m ?an c be realiz$ = _! l>g] hive full1 & at ! same "t1 save _! bees = a /ock-hive1 mak+ a bett] return 9 ! long run1 ?an "o hundr$ doll>s at int]e/4 ,:5 hives are made ! prop] size1 ! honey w n be an object suffici5t to pay = de/roy+ ! bees4 ,,section ,,( ,,c\ntry ,,may ,,make ,a ,,diff]5ce ,,9 ,,:at ,,poor ,,/ocks ,,ne$4 ,! k9d ( requisite to be suppli$ to our defici5t /ocks1 w probably dep5d on ! section ( c\ntry4 ,:]e ! pr9cipal s\rce is clov] & basswood1 x w fail p>tially1 at lea/1 be=e ! end ( w>m wea!r4 ,"s poor or m$ium /ocks w cont9ue to re> brood too ext5sively = _! means1 & exhau/ _! w9t] /ores 9 consequ5ce2 su* w ne$ a supply ( honey4 ,b :]e great quantities ( buck:eat are s[n1 cold wea!r foll[s almo/ imm$iately aft] ?is yield1 & /ops ! bre$+4 ,consequ5tly a sc>city ( bees is m frequ5t ?an honey4 ,!re are exceptions1 ( c\rse2 ,i am speak+ ( ^! cases g5]ally4 ,my exp]i5ce has mo/ly be5 9 a section :]e ?is crop is rais$1 & w say t !re is n m ?an "o season 9 t51 b t ! honey w be 9 proportion ) ! bees ! fir/ ( ,septemb]2 t is1 if !re are bees en\gh1 !re w be honey en\gh4 ,,:5 ,,bees ,,are ,,ne$$4 ,i h frequ5tly _h /ocks ) /ores amply suffici5t to c>ry a good family ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & yet too few bees to la/ till ,janu>y1 or ev5 to def5d !mselves f ! robb]s4 ,h5ce ,i am 9 ! habit ( supply+ bees (t5] ?an honey4 ,i usually h "s few hives ) too little honey1 z well z too few bees4 ,n[ x is v pla9 if ! bees ( "o or m ( ?is class 7 unit$ ) ! fir/ successfully1 we %\ld h a respectable family4 ,i h made additions to /ocks 9 ?is way t prov$ fir/-rate4 ,,caution4 ,:5ev] we make additions 9 ?is mann]1 x w\ld be well fir/ to asc]ta9 :at 0 ! cause ( a sc>city ( bees2 if x 0 ov]-sw>m+ or loss ( que51 x is well en\gh--b if f disease1 reject !m1 unless ! bees are to be transf]r$ ! next spr+1 & !n1 :5 too _m cells are occupi$ ) dead brood1 z ! bees _c be successfully w9t]$4 ,,pr9cipal ,,difficulty4 ,! greate/ difficulty 9 unit+ two families or m 9 ?is mann]1 is :]e !y h to be tak5 f diff]5t places 9 ! same api>y2 :]e ! locations h be5 m>k$4 ,x is suffici5tly %[n t bees return to ! old /&4 ,to prev5t ^! results1 x has be5 recomm5d$ to set an empty hive ) "s pieces ( comb1 fa/5$ 9 ! top 9 ! place ( ! "o remov$1 to cat* ! bees t g back to ! old /&1 & remove !m at night = a few times1 :5 !y rema94 ,?is %\ld be done only :5 we _c d bett]2 x is consid]able tr\ble2 besides ?is1 we d n always succe$ to our satisfaction4 ,,h[ ,,avoid$4 ,i l ! plan ( br++ !m a mile or m = ?is purpose1 & h no aft] tr\ble ab\t x4 ,two neighbors be+ t di/ance ap>t1 ea* hav+ /ocks 9 ?is condition might ex*ange bees1 mak+ ! b5efit mutual4 ,i h done s1 & consid]$ myself well paid = ! tr\ble4 ,b latt]ly ,i h _h sev]al api>ies away f home1 & n[ manage )\t difficulty4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,mak+ ,,"o ,,good ,,/ock ,,f ,,two ,,poor ,,ones4 ,?is mak+ "o good /ock out ( two poor ones1 _c be too highly recomm5d$2 aside f its advantages1 x relieves u f all disagreeable feel+s 9 tak+ life1 t we c ) b little tr\ble pres]ve4 ,,two ,,families ,,toge!r ,,w ,,n ,,consume ,,z ,,mu* ,,z ,,if ,,sep>ate4 ,ev5 :5 a /ock already conta9s bees en\gh to make x safe = w9t]1 ano!r ( ! same numb] ( bees may be add$1 & ! consumption ( honey w n be five lbs4 m ?an "o sw>m w\ld consume alone4 ,if !y %\ld be w9t]$ 9 ! cold1 ! diff]5ce might n be "o p\nd4 ,:y m bees d n consume a proportionate quantity ( honey1 7:i* ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs z well z myself has ?or\ghly prov$71 is a my/]y1 unless ! great] numb] ( bees creates m animal heat1 & be+ w>m1 eat less1 is a solution1 7:i* if x is1 is a /rong reason = keep+ bees w>m 9 w9t]47 ,,an ,,exp]im5t4 ,not)/&+ all ?is1 ,i _c recomm5d mak+ a good /ock bett] by add+ ! bees f ano!r good "o z a s\rce ( pr(it4 ,i tri$ x a few times4 ,i _h pur*as$ "s l>ge hives = m>ket1 & wi%$ to dispose ( ! bees )\t sulphur1 & try ! exp]im5t ( unit+ two or m4 ,! next spr+ :5 !y comm5c$ "w su* d\ble /ocks promis$ mu*2 b :5 ! sw>m+ season arriv$1 ! s+le sw>ms1 su* z 7 good & _h j ab\t bees en\gh1 7 9 ! be/ condition1 9 ord9>y seasons4 ,:e!r ?is 0 ow+ to ! circum/ance ( !re be+ already bees en\gh t 7 beg9n+ to cr[d & int]f]e ) ea* o!r's labors1 & less brood rais$ 9 consequ5ce1 or to "s o!r reason1 ,i _c say4 ,i h (t5 notic$1 7z o!rs h71 t /ocks :i* h ca/ no sw>ms1 are no bett] ! next spr+ ?an o!rs4 ,! same cause might op]ate 9 bo? cases4 ,!re=e x w\ld appe> unnecess>y to unite two or m good sw>ms1 unless x is to sp>e our feel+s 9 de/roy+ ! bees4 ,! two extremes may g5]ally be avoid$1 & n h too _m or too few bees4 ,,season ,,= ,,op]at+4 ,! season = op]at+ is1 g5]ally1 :5 all ! brood has matur$ & left ! cells4 ,! exceptions are :5 !re are n bees en\gh to protect ! /ores2 x may !n be necess>y1 imm$iately aft] ! failure ( honey4 ,col4 ,h4 ,k4 ,oliv]1 ( ,salem1 ,mass41 is said to be ! inv5tor ( ! fumigator1 an in/rum5t to burn fungus 7puff-ball74 ,by ! aid ( ?is ! smoke is bl[n 9 ! hive1 p>alyz+ ! bees 9 a few m9utes2 :5 !y fall to ! bottom1 app>5tly dead1 b w recov] 9 a few m9utes1 on receiv+ fre% air4 ,,! ,,fumigator4 ,i am indebt$ to a communication f ,j4 ,m4 ,weeks1 publi%$ on page #aea ( ! ,cultivator = #ahda1 = ?is me?od4 ,! description ( ! fumigator t ,i con/ruct$ w v>y a trifle f 81 b w reta9 ! pr9ciple4 ,i obta9$ a t9 tube f\r in*es long1 & two 9 diamet]4 ,next1 ,i made a /opp] ( s(t wood1 ?ree in*es long1 to exactly fit "o end ( ! tube :5 driv5 9 half an in*1 & secur$ x by little nails driv5 ?r\gh ! t94 ,?r\gh ! c5tre ( ?is /opp] ,i made a hole "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,to prev5t ?is hole fill+ up1 ! end 9 ! tube 0 cov]$ ov] ) wire clo?1 made a little convex4 ,! end ( ?is /opp] 0 cut d[n to ab\t half an in*1 tap]+ x f ! t94 ,= ! o!r end a simil> piece ( wood is fitt$1 ?\gh a little long]1 & n to be fa/5$1 z x mu/ be tak5 out = e op]ation4 ,! out] end ( ?is is cut d[n into a %ape to be tak5 into ! m\?1 or atta*$ to ! pipe ( a bell[s4 7,i fitt$ !m 9 ! turn+ la!1 b h se5 !m fix$ v nicely )\t47 ,x c\ld all be made ( t92 b !n x is necess>y to use sold]1 :i* is liable to melt & cause leaks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fumigator4 ,! puff-balls mu/ n be too mu* injur$ by rema9+ 9 ! wea!r1 & %\ld be pick$1 if possible1 j be=e !y are ripe & bur/ op54 ,:5 n ?or\ghly dry1 put !m 9 ! ov5 aft] ! bread is out4 ,:5 us$1 ! cuticle or r9d mu/ be c>efully remov$2 ignite x by a lamp or coal 7x w n blaze 9 burn+71 bl[ x1 & get x ?or\ghly />t$1 be=e putt+ x 9 ! tube4 ,put 9 ! /opp]1 & bl[ ?r\gh x2 if x smokes well1 y are ready to proce$4 ,:5 x does n burn freely1 un/op & %ake x out4 ,! dry air is mu* bett] ?an moi/ brea? at ! comm5cem5t4 ,,directions ,,= ,,unit+ ,,two ,,families4 ,! hive to receive ! bees is inv]t$1 ! o!r set ov] x "r end up1 all crevices /opp$ to prev5t ! escape ( ! smoke4 ,n[ ins]t ! end ( ! fumigator into a hole 9 ! side ( ! hive 7:i* if n made be=e w ne$ to be n[72 bl[ into ! o!r end1 ?is =ces ! smoke into ! hive2 9 two m9utes y may he> ! bees beg9 to fall4 ,bo? hives %\ld be smok$2 ! upp] "o ! mo/1 z we want all ! bees out ( t4 ,! o!r only ne$s en\gh to make ! sc5t ( ! bees simil> to ^? introduc$4 ,at ! end ( eight or t5 m9utes1 ! upp] hive may be rais$1 & any bees /ick+ betwe5 ! combs bru%$ d[n ) a quill4 ,! two que5s 9 ?is case are ( c\rse toge!r2 "o w be de/roy$1 & no difficulty arise4 ,b if ei!r ( !m is a "y "o1 & y h be5 conv9c$ by "s bee-doctor t su* are mu* m prolific1 & happ5 to "k :i* hive conta9s h]1 & wi% t "o to be pres]v$1 y c d s by v>y+ ! process a little4 ,in/ead ( inv]t+ "o hive1 set !m bo? on a clo? "r side up1 & smoke ! bees2 ! que5s are easily f\nd1 :ile !y are all p>alyz$2 !n put ! bees all toge!r4 ,! hive %\ld n[ h a ?9 clo? ti$ ov] ! bottom1 to prev5t ! escape ( ! bees4 ,be=e !y are fully recov]$1 !y seem r bewild]$1 & "s ( !m get away4 ,set ! hive "r end up1 & raise x an in*2 ! bees drop on ! clo?1 & fre% air pass+ "u soon revives !m4 ,9 f twelve to tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 !y may be let out4 ,families put toge!r 9 ?is way w seldom qu>rel 7n m ?an "o 9 tw5ty71 b rema9 toge!r1 def5d+ !mselves aga9/ intrud]s z "o sw>m4 ,i once _h a /ock ne>ly de/itute ( bees1 ) abundant /ores = w9t]+ a l>ge family4 ,i _h let x d[n on ! floor-bo>d1 & 0 on ! look\t = an attack4 ,! o!r bees soon discov]$ ?is weakness1 & comm5c$ c>ry+ (f ! honey4 ,i _h br\ght home a sw>m to re9=ce !m only ! day be=e1 & imm$iately unit$ !m by means ( ! fumigator4 ,! next morn+ ,i let !m out1 all[+ !m to issue only at ! hole 9 ! side ( ! hive4 ,x 0 amus+ to witness ! app>5t con/]nation ( ! robb]s t 7 on h& = m plund]2 !y _h be5 !re only ! day be=e1 & _h be5 all[$ to ent] & dep>t )\t ev5 be+ que/ion$4 ,b lo6 a *ange _h come ov] ! matt]4 ,in/ead ( op5 doors & a free passage1 ! fir/ bee t t\*$ ! hive 0 seiz$ & v rudely h&l$1 & at la/ dispat*$ ) a /+4 ,a few o!rs receiv+ simil> treatm5t1 !y began to ex]cise a little caution1 !n tri$ to f9d admission on ! back side1 & o!r places2 & attempt$ "o or two o!rs on ei!r side1 p]haps ?9k+ !y 7 mi/ak5 9 ! hive2 b ^! be+ /rong1 repuls$ !m1 & !y f9ally gave x up4 ,i m5tion ?is to %[ h[ easy x is1 ) a little c>e1 to prev5t robb]ies at ?is season4 ,too _m compla9ts are made ab\t bees be+ robb$2 x is v disagreeable4 ,suppose t none 7 plund]$ ?r\gh c>elessness2 ?is compla9t w\ld soon be a r>e ?+4 ,,unit+ ,,) ,,tobacco ,,smoke4 ,by ! use ( tobacco smoke1 bees may be unit$ ) ne>ly ! same success4 ,fir/1 smoke ! two to be unit$1 ?or\ghly2 di/urb !m & smoke aga91 t all may become p>tially drunk1 & acquire ! same sc5t4 ,!n inv]t bo? hives1 & ) y\r prun+ tools1 cut ! combs d[n on ! sides ( ! hive1 & across ! top1 & take out "o comb at a "t ) ! bees on x1 & bru% !m ) a quill into ! o!r hive2 !y imm$iately g d[n among ! combs1 )\t once ?9k+ x necess>y to /+ y4 ,:5 done1 ! bees are to be conf9$1 ! same z 9 ! o!r me?od4 ,i d n l ?is me?od z well z ! fir/1 & d n resort to x :5 ,i c get ! puff-ball4 ,! bees are m liable to disagree1 & x compels me to take out ! comb1 :i* ,i d n always l to d at ! "t4 ,to avoid x1 ,i h tri$ to drive !m1 b :5 ! hive is only "p full ( combs1 or conta9s b few bees1 x is a sl[ job2 & m s 9 cool wea!r4 ,,condition ,,( ,,/ocks ,,9 #ahea4 ,! latt] "p ( ! summ] ( #ahea 0 v dry & cold2 ! yield ( buck:eat honey 0 n a t5? ( ! usual quantity2 ! consequ5ce 01 t none b e>ly sw>ms _h suffici5t honey = w9t]2 tw5ty-five p\nds is requir$ to make x safe 9 ?is section4 ,i _h ov] ?irty "y sw>ms ) less ?an t quantity4 ,fe$+ = w9t] ,i avoid :5 ,i c2 !y w\ld n w9t] z !y 72 & yet ,i made ! mo/ ( !m good /ocks = ! next summ] by ! foll[+ plan4 ,,h[ ,,!y ,,7 ,,manag$4 ,i _h ab\t tw5ty old /ocks ) diseas$ brood1 & b few bees1 yet honey en\gh4 ,n[ ?is honey appe>s heal?y en\gh = ! old bees1 & fatal only to ! "y brood4 ,i transf]r$ ! bees ( ^! new sw>ms to ! old /ocks ) black comb & diseas$ brood4 ,! bees 7 ?us w9t]$ on honey ( b little acc\nt any way1 & all t 0 9 ! o!rs1 new & heal?y1 0 sav$4 ,^! new hives 7 set 9 a cold dry place = w9t]2 "r end up1 to prev5t mu* ( ! honey f dripp+ out ( ! cells2 "s w leak !n1 b n z mu* z :5 ! hive is bottom up4 ,honey t runs out1 :5 ! hive is bottom up1 w soak into ! wood at ! base ( ! combs2 ?is w h a t5d5cy to loos5 ! fa/5+s1 & r5d] !m liable to fall1 c4 ,! next ,m>* ! bees 7 aga9 transf]r$ f ! old to ! new hives4 ,my me?od is z foll[s3 ,z ! combs 9 ! hive to receive ! bees are r cold1 ,i set !m by ! fire1 or 9 a w>m room1 = sev]al h\rs previ\s4 ,i take a w>m room be=e a w9d[1 & z "s few bees fly (f1 !y w collect !re4 ,! new hive is turn$ bottom up on ! floor2 ! old "o on a b5* by ! side ( x1 hav+ smok$ ! bees to keep !m quiet4 ,"o comb at a "t is tak5 out1 & ! bees bru%$ into ! new hive2 7a little smoke w keep !m !re74 ,:5 ?r\gh1 ,i get ! few on ! w9d[1 & tie ov] a clo? to conf9e !m1 & keep !m w>m = a few h\rs long]4 ,p>alyz+ ) puff-ball w answ] in/ead1 b !y d n always all fall out ( ! combs :5 ! hive is fill$ to ! bottom1 & x is possible t if a few 7 left1 ! que5 might be "o4 ,also a v few bees are wor? sav+ at ?is season1 & ! combs might h to be brok5 out at la/1 = ?is purpose4 ,:5 a good-siz$ family is put 9 a hive conta9+ fifte5 or tw5ty p\nds ( honey1 & ne> half full ( clean new comb1 !y are ab\t z sure to fill up & ca/ a sw>m1 z ano!r t is full & has w9t]$ a sw>m4 ,,cause ,,( ,,_! ,,sup]ior ,,?rift4 ,"o cause ( sup]ior ?rift may be f\nd 9 ! circum/ance1 t all mo? eggs & worms are froz5 to dea?1 & ! bees are n tr\bl$ ) a s+le worm be=e ,june4 ,no "y bees h to be remov$ to "w !m out4 ,ne>ly e "y bee t is f$ & seal$ up1 comes =? p]fect1 & ( c\rse makes a va/ diff]5ce 9 ! increase4 ,,sw>ms ,,p>tly ,,fill$ ,,pay ,,bett] ,,?an ,,to ,,cut ,,out ,,! ,,honey4 ,any p]son wi%+ to increase 8 /ocks to ! utmo/1 w f9d ?is plan ( sav+ all "p-fill$ hives1 ( mu* m advantage ?an to break x out = sale4 ,suppose y h an old /ock t ne$s prun+1 & h neglect$ x1 or x has refus$ to sw>m1 & give y a *ance )\t de/roy+ too mu* brood4 ,y c let x be1 & put on ! boxes2 p]haps get tw5ty-five p\nds ( cap honey2 & !n w9t] ! bees z describ$1 & 9 ! spr+ transf] !m to ! new combs4 ,aga91 if !re is no /ocks to be transf]r$ 9 ! spr+1 keep !m till ! sw>m+ season4 ,if a sw>m put into an empty hive w\ld j fill x1 ! same sw>m put into "o conta9+ fifte5 p\nds ( honey1 x seems pla91 w\ld make t numb] ( p\nds 9 boxes4 ,! advantage is1 9 ! comp>ative value ( box or cap honey ov] t /or$ 9 ! hive2 ! diff]5ce be+ f ?irty to a hundr$ p] c5t4 ,,advantages ,,9 ,,transf]r+4 ,i w\ld n[ l to %[ ! advantages ,i d]iv$ 9 transf]r+ ! tw5ty sw>ms be=e m5tion$4 ,we w suppose t ea* family1 f ! fir/ ( ,octob] till ,april1 consum$ tw5ty p\nds ( honey4 ,t 9 ! c5tre combs1 :]e !re is mo/ bee-bread1 c41 is eat5 fir/2 if any is left1 x is at ! top & outside4 ,if ,i _h attempt$ to take out & /ra9 ?is tw5ty p\nds 9 ! fall1 x w\ld h be5 s mix$ ) dead brood1 & bee-bread1 t ,i probably %\ld h reject$ mo/ ( x4 ,! rema9d]1 :5 /ra9$1 might h be5 five p\nds1 n m4 ,! m>ket price = x is ab\t t5 c5ts p] p\nd2 am\nt fifty c5ts4 ,we w say ! new hive kept ?r\gh ! w9t] to receive ! bees 9 ! spr+ conta9$ fifte5 p\nds2 ?is w\ld also h av]ag$ ab\t t5 c5ts p] p\nd1 am\nt+ to #a4ej4 ,all t a /ock ( ?is k9d co/s me appe>s to be j #b4jj1 & wor? at lea/ #e4jj4 ,! advantage 9 *ang+ tw5ty w\ld be #fj4jj4 ,! labor ( transf]r+ w (fset aga9/ ! tr\ble ( /ra9+1 prep>+1 & ! exp5se ( gett+ ! honey to m>ket4 ,,ano!r ,,me?od ,,( ,,unit+ ,,two ,,families4 ,i h occasionally adopt$ yet ano!r me?od ( mak+ a good /ock f two poor ones1 :i* ! read] may pref]4 ,:5 all y\r old /ocks h be5 re9=c$ t ne$ x1 & y /ill h "s sw>ms ) too few bees & too little honey = safety z !y are1 two or m c be unit$4 ,! fact1 :i* has be5 ?or\ghly te/$1 t two families ( bees1 :5 unit$ & w9t]$ 9 "o hive1 w consume b little1 if any m1 ?an ea* ( !m w\ld sep>ately1 is a v important pr9ciple 9 ?is matt]4 ,if ea* family %\ld h fifte5 p\nds ( honey1 !y w\ld consume x all1 & probably />ve at la/1 aft] eat+ ?irty p\nds4 ,b if ! cont5ts ( bo? 7 9 "o hive1 x w\ld be amply suffici5t1 & "s to sp>e 9 ! spr+4 ,,unit+ ,,comb ,,& ,,honey ,,z ,,well ,,z ,,bees4 ,! process ( unit+ !m is simple4 ,smoke bo? ! /ocks or sw>ms ?or\ghly1 & turn !m ov]4 ,*oose ! "o ) ! /raighte/ combs1 or ! "o ne>e/ full1 to receive ! cont5ts ( ! o!r2 trim (f ! po9ts ( ! combs to make !m squ>e across1 & ?is "o is ready2 remove ! /icks f ! o!r1 & ) y\r tools take out ! combs ) ! bees on z be=e direct$1 "o at a "t1 & c>efully set !m on ! edges ( ! o!r2 if ! %ape w admit x1 let ! edges mat*2 if n1 let !m cross4 ,small bits ( wood or rolls ( pap] w be ne$$ betwe5 !m1 to pres]ve ! "r di/ance4 ,:5 bo? hives are ( "o size1 ! transf]r$ combs w exactly fit1 if y are c>eful to place !m z !y 7 be=e4 ,y w n[ want to "k1 :at is to prev5t ^! combs f fall+ out :5 ! hive is turn$ ov]8 ,?is hive is to rema9 bottom up 9 "s d>k place = "s "t1 or till spr+4 7,see me?od ( w9t]+ bees47 ,! bees w imm$iately jo9 ^! combs fa/2 ! hive be+ inv]t$1 ! honey 9 ^! combs w be consum$ fir/2 & :5 ! hive is aga9 set out 9 spr+1 x w be a r>e occurr5ce = any pieces to drop out4 ,%\ld any pieces project beyond ! bottom ( ! hive1 !y may be trimm$ (f ev5 aft] !y are fa/5$1 any "t be=e sett+ out4 ,an additional cross-/ick may pass "u ! bottom ( ! combs1 to assi/ 9 hold+ !m1 if y desire4 ,y w probably nev] discov] any diff]5ce 9 ! subsequ5t prosp]ity 9 consequ5ce ( ! jo9+ or cross+ ( ! combs 9 ! middle4 ,i h _h !m 9 ?is way1 :5 !y 7 among ! mo/ prosp]\s ( my /ocks4 ,z ?is op]ation is to be put (f till ,novemb]1 x w be an advantage 9 ano!r way2 t is1 families ( ! same api>y c be unit$1 & w mo/ly =get ! old location by spr+1 & no difficulty arise by return+ to ! old /&1 etc4 ,,:5 ,,fe$+ ,,%\ld ,,be ,,done ,,= ,,/ock ,,hives4 ,9 "s sections ( c\ntry ! honey is m frequ5tly want+ ?an bees1 or comb1 & "s seasons 9 ?is2 9 su* cases1 x w be f\nd an advantage to fe$1 until en\gh is /or$ = w9t]4 ,?is %\ld be done 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,b if !y lack comb z well z honey1 & y wi% to try fe$+1 7:i* ,i seldom d lately17 x %\ld be done if possible 9 w>m wea!r1 z !y _c "w combs to advantage 9 ! cold4 ,:ile fe$+ bees1 x requires a great deal ( caution to prev5t o!rs f sc5t+ ! honey1 & _! cont5tions ab\t x4 ,! safe/ place is on ! top ( ! hive1 ) a good cap ov]2 b !y w n "w q z fa/1 especially if ! wea!r is cool4 ,! next be/ place is "u ! bottom 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,sett+ out honey to fe$ all at once1 ,i condemn :olly4 ,^! disadvantages att5d x3 /rong /ocks t d n ne$ an ounce1 w get two or ?ree p\nds1 :ile ^? weak] ones1 ne$+ x m1 w n get "o4 ,ne>ly e /ock1 9 a %ort "t1 w be fight+4 ,probably ! fir/ bee t comes home ) a load1 w in=m a numb] ( its fell[s t a treasure is close at h&4 ,a numb] w sally out imm$iately1 )\t wait+ = p>ticul> directions = f9d+ x2 & mi/ak+ o!r hives = ! place1 alight !re1 are seiz$ & probably dispat*$4 ,z soon z ! honey giv5 !m is gone1 ! tumult is greatly increas$1 & great numb]s are de/roy$4 ,if any ( y\r neighbors ne> y h bees1 y mu/ expect to divide ) !m4 ,if ! honey to be f$ is 9 ! comb1 & y\r hives are n full1 & !y are to be w9t]$ 9 ! h\se1 bottom up1 x may be done at any "t ?r\gh ! w9t]1 m]ely by lay+ pieces ) honey on ^? 9 ! hive4 ,! bees readily remove ! cont5ts into _! own combs2 :5 empty1 remove !m & put 9 m until !y h a full supply4 ,!y w jo9 su* pieces ( comb to _! own2 yet !re w be no h>m 9 break+ !m loose4 ,! pr9cipal objection to fe$+ 9 ?is way1 w be f\nd 9 ! t5d5cy to make !m uneasy & dispos$ to leave ! hive1 :5 we want !m z quiet z possible1 ,a ?9 musl9 clo?1 or o!r means1 w be necess>y to conf9e !m to ! hive4 ,i h n[ giv5 directions to avoid kill+ any family ( bees wor? sav+1 if we *oose4 ,:5 su* z ne$ fe$+ h be5 f$1 & all weak families made /rong by additions1 etc41 b little m fall "w is ne$$ 9 ! api>y4 ,x is only :5 y h weak /ocks1 unfit to w9t]1 t x is necess>y to be on ! look\t e w>m day to prev5t pillage4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,w9t]+ ,,bees4 ,!re is almo/ z mu* div]sity ( op9ion ) respect to w9t]+ bees z 9 ! con/ruction ( hives1 & ab\t z difficult to reconcile4 ,,diff]5t ,,me?ods ,,h ,,be5 ,,adopt$4 ,"o w tell y to keep !m w>m1 ano!r to keep !m cold2 to keep !m 9 ! sun1 out ( ! sun1 bury !m 9 ! gr\nd1 put !m 9 ! cell>1 ! *amb]1 wood-h\se1 & o!r places1 & no places at all2 t is1 to let !m rema9 z !y are1 )\t any att5tion4 ,"h are plans en\gh to drive ! inexp]i5c$ into despair4 ,yet ,i h no d\bt b t bees h be5 sometimes successfully w9t]$ by all ^! contradictory me?ods4 ,t "s ( ^! me?ods are sup]ior to o!rs1 ne$s no argum5t to illu/rate4 ,b :at me?od is be/1 is our prov9ce to inquire4 ,let u endeavor to exam9e ! subject )\t prejudice to bias our judgm5t4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,bees ,,n ,,freez+ ,,has ,,l$ ,,to ,,errors ,,9 ,,practice4 ,by close obs]vation we %all probably discov] t ! ass]tion s (t5 repeat$1 t bees h nev] froz5 except :5 )\t honey1 has l$ to an errone\s practice4 ,,appe>ance ,,( ,,bees ,,9 ,,cold ,,wea!r4 ,we w fir/ endeavor to exam9e ! condition ( a /ock left to nature1 )\t any c>e1 & see if x af=ds any h9ts = our guidance1 :5 to assi/ & protect ) artificial means4 ,w>m? be+ ! fir/ requisite1 a family ( bees at ! approa* ( cold wea!r cr[d toge!r 9 a globul> =m1 into a compass correspond+ to ! degree ( cold2 :5 at z]o x is mu* less ?an at ?irty above4 ,^? on ! outside ( ?is clu/] are some:at /iff5$ ) cold2 :ile ^? inside are z brisk & lively z 9 summ]4 ,9 sev]e wea!r e possible space )9 _! circle is occupi$2 ev5 ea* cell n conta9+ poll5 or honey w hold a bee4 ,suppose ?is clu/] is suffici5tly compact = mutual w>m?1 ) ! m]cury at #dj1 & a sudd5 *ange br+s x d[n to z]o1 9 a few h\rs1 ?is body ( bees1 l mo/ o!r ?+s1 spe$ily contracts by ! cold4 ,! bees on ! outside1 be+ already *ill$1 a portion ( !m t does n keep up ) ! %r9k+ mass1 is left expos$ at a di/ance f _! fell[s1 & receive b little b5efit ( ! w>m? g5]at$ !re2 !y "p ) _! vitality1 & are lo/4 ,,h[ ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,sw>m ,,is ,,froz54 ,a good family w =m a ball or circle ab\t eight in*es 9 diamet]1 g5]ally ab\t equal e way1 & mu/ occupy ! spaces betwe5 f\r or five combs4 ,z combs mu/ sep>ate !m into divisions1 ! two out] ones are smalle/1 & mo/ expos$ ( any2 ^! are (t5 f\nd froz5 to dea? 9 sev]e wea!r4 ,%\ld evid5ce be want+ f o!r s\rces to %[ t bees w freeze to dea?1 ! above w\ld seem to furni% x4 ,x is said1 t 9 ,pol& bees are w9t]$ 9 a semi-torpid /ate1 9 consequ5ce ( ! extreme cold4 ,we mu/ ei!r d\bt ! correctness ( ?is relation1 or suppose ! bee ( t c\ntry a diff]5t insect f ours--a k9d ( semi-wasp1 t w live ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & eat little or no?+4 ,! read] c h no difficulty 9 decid+ :i* is ! mo/ probable1 :e!r bees are bees ?r\gh\t ! _w1 end[$ ) ! same faculties & in/9cts1 or t ! facts z !y are1 are n precisely giv51 especially :5 we see :at our own api>ians tell u ab\t _! nev] freez+4 ,"h ,i might use /rong language 9 contradiction2 b z ,i am aw>e t su* a c\rse is n always ! mo/ conv9c+1 ,i pref] ! te/ ( close obs]vation4 ,if bees w freeze1 x is important to "k x1 & 9 :at circum/ances4 ,,h[ ,a ,,small ,,family ,,may ,,all ,,freeze4 ,suppose a qu>t ( bees 7 put 9 a box or hive :]e all ! cells 7 fill$ & l5g!n$ out ) honey2 ! spaces betwe5 ! combs w\ld be ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in*--only room = "o ?ickness ( bees to spread ?r\gh4 ,! combs w\ld p]haps be "o & a half or two in*es ?ick4 ,all ! w>m? t c\ld be g5]at$ !n1 w\ld be by "o c\rse or lay] ( bees1 an in* & a half ap>t4 ,al?\gh e bee w\ld h food 9 abundance )\t *ang+ its position1 ! fir/ turn ( sev]e wea!r w\ld probably de/roy ! :ole4 ,?is1 x may be said1 is an unnatural situation4 ,i w admit t x is2 ! case 0 only suppos$ = illu/ration4 ,i "k t _! w9t] qu>t]s are among ! brood combs1 :]e ! hat*+ ( ! brood leaves mo/ ( ! cells empty2 & ! space betwe5 ! combs is half an in*2 a wise & beautiful arrangem5t2 z t5 times ! numb] ( bees c pack !mselves )9 a circle ( six in*es1 z c 9 ! o!r case2 & 9 consequ5ce ! same numb] ( bees c secure mu* m animal heat1 & endure ! cold mu* bett]2 b a small family1 ev5 "h1 w (t5 be f\nd froz51 z well z />v+4 ,,fro/ ,,& ,,ice ,,sometimes ,,smo!r ,,bees4 ,besides freez+1 !re are o!r facts to be obs]v$ 9 /ocks :i* /& 9 ! cold4 ,if we exam9e ! int]ior ( a hive conta9+ a m$ium-siz$ sw>m1 on ! fir/ sev]ely cold morn+1 except 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! bees1 we %all f9d ! combs & sides ( ! hive cov]$ ) a :ite fro/4 ,9 ! middle ( ! day1 or z soon z ! temp]ature is slightly rais$1 ?is beg9s to melt1--fir/ next to ! bees1 !n at ! sides4 ,a succession ( cold nights w prev5t ! evaporation ( ?is moi/ure2 & ?is process ( freez+ & ?aw+1 at ! end ( a week or two1 w =m icicles sometimes z l>ge z a man's f+]1 atta*$ to ! combs & ! sides ( ! hive4 ,:5 ! bottom ( ! hive is close to ! floor1 x =ms a seal+ ar\nd ! edges1 p]fectly air-tight1 & y\r bees are smo!r$4 ,i h frequ5tly he>d bee-keep]s say 9 ^! cases1 ,! /orm blew 91 & =m$ ice all r\nd ! bottom1 & froze my bees to dea?4 ,o!rs t h _h _! bees 9 a cold room1 f9d+ !m ?us1 c\ld n see h[ ! wat] & ice c\ld get !re any way2 7 q sure x 0 n !re :5 c>ri$ 91 c4 ,probably !y nev] dream$ ( its be+ acc\nt$ = philosophically1 & to analyze any?+ p]ta9+ to bees w\ld be r small bus9ess4 ,b :at way c x be acc\nt$ =8 ,,fro/ ,,& ,,ice ,,9 ,a ,,hive ,,acc\nt$ ,,=4 ,physiologi/s tell u t innum]able pores 9 ! cuticle ( ! human body are cont9ually ?r[+ (f wa/e or worn out matt]2 t e exhalation ( air c>ries ) x a portion ( wat] f ! sy/em1 9 w>m wea!r unp]ceiv$1 b w be cond5s$ into p>ticles l>ge en\gh to be se5 9 a cold atmosph]e4 ,n[1 if analogy be all[$ "h1 we w say ! bee ?r[s ( wa/e matt] & wat] 9 ! same way4 ,its food be+ liquid1 ne>ly all w be exhal$--9 mod]ate wea!r x w pass (f1 b 9 ! cold x is cond5s$--! p>ticles lodge on ! combs 9 =m ( fro/1 & accumulate z long z ! wea!r is v sev]e1 a portion melt+ 9 ! day1 & freez+ aga9 at night4 ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,ice ,,or ,,fro/ ,,on ,,bees ,,& ,,comb4 ,:5 ! bees are n smo!r$1 ?is wat] 9 ! hive is ! s\rce ( o!r mis*ief4 ,! combs are q c]ta9 to m\ld4 ,! wat] m\ld or dampness on ! honey r5d]s x ?91 & unheal?y = ! bees1 caus+ dys5t]y1 or ! accumulation ( faeces t !y are unable to reta94 ,:5 ! hive conta9s a v l>ge family1 or a v small "o1 !re w be less fro/ on ! combs1--! animal heat ( ! fir/ w drive x (f2 9 ! latt] !re w be b little exhal$4 ,,fro/ ,,may ,,cause ,,/>vation4 ,?is fro/ is frequ5tly ! cause ( m$ium or small families />v+ 9 cold wea!r1 ev5 :5 !re is pl5ty ( honey 9 ! hive4 ,suppose all ! honey 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! clu/] ( bees is exhau/$1 &1 ! combs 9 e direction f !m are cov]$ ) fro/2 if a bee %\ld leave ! mass & v5ture among !m = a supply1 its fate w\ld be z c]ta9 z />vation4 ,& )\t timely int]v5tion ( w>m] wea!r1 !y mu/ p]i%6 ,,o!r ,,difficulties4 ,%\ld !y escape />v+1 !re is ano!r difficulty (t5 att5d+ !m 9 cont9u$ cold wea!r4 ,i said t small families exhal$ b little4 ,let u see if we c expla9 ! effect4 ,!re is n suffici5t animal heat g5]at$ to exhale ! aque\s portion ( _! food4 ,! philosophy t expla9s :y a man 9 w>m blood & 9 pr(use p]spiration w\ld ?r[ (f or exhale m moi/ure ?an 9 a quiet /ate1 w illu/rate ?is4 ,! bees 9 ^! circum/ances mu/ reta9 ! wat] ) ! excrem5titi\s "p1 :i* soon di/5ds _! bodies to ! utmo/1 r5d]+ !m unable to endure x long4 ,_! cleanly habits1 t ord9>ily save ! combs f be+ soil$1 is n a sure protection n[1 & !y are compell$ to leave ! mass v (t5 9 ! sev]e/ wea!r1 to expel ?is unnatural accumulation ( faeces4 ,x is frequ5tly dis*>g$ ev5 be=e leav+ ! comb1 b mo/ ( x at ! entrance2 also "s scatt]$ on ! front side ( ! hive1 & a %ort di/ance f x4 ,9 a mod]ately w>m day1 m bees w issue f a hive 9 ?is condition ?an f o!rs2 x appe>s t a "p ( !m are unable to dis*>ge _! burd5--_! weight prev5ts _! fly+--!y get d[n & are lo/4 ,:5 cold wea!r is too long cont9u$1 !y _c wait = w>m days to leave1 b cont9ue to come out at any "t2 & n "o ( su* c !n return4 ,! clu/] inside ! hive is ?us r$uc$ 9 numb]s till !y are unable to g5]ate heat suffici5t to keep f freez+4 ,) ! indications att5dant ^u su* losses1 my own obs]vation has made me some:at famili>1 z ! foll[+ conv]sation w illu/rate4 ,,fur!r ,,illu/rations4 ,a neighbor :o wi%$ to pur*ase "s /ock hives 9 ! fall1 reque/$ my assi/ance 9 select+ !m4 ,we appli$ to a p]fect /rang]2 8 bees _h pass$ ! previ\s w9t] 9 ! op5 air4 ,i f\nd on look+ among !m t he _h lo/ "s ( !m f ?is cause1 z ! excrem5t 0 yet ab\t ! entrance ( "o old wea!r-beat5 hive1 t 0 n[ occupi$ by a "y sw>m1 & 0 ab\t half fill$ ) combs4 ,i saw at once :at _h be5 ! matt]1 & felt q confid5t t ,i c\ld give its own] a correct hi/ory ( x4 ,sir1 said ,i1 y h be5 un=tunate ) ! bees t 7 9 ?is hive la/ w9t]2 ,i ?9k ,i c give y "s p>ticul>s respect+ x4 ,ah1 :at makes y ?9k s8 ,i w\ld l to he> y guess2 to enc\rage y1 ,i w admit t !re has be5 some?+ r peculi> ab\t x4 ,"o ye> ago y consid]$ t a good /ock-hive2 x 0 well fill$ ) honey1 a good family ( bees1 & two or ?ree ye>s old or m4 ,y _h z mu* confid5ce 9 its w9t]+ z any o!r2 b dur+ ! cold wea!r1 someh[1 ! bees unacc\ntably disappe>$1 leav+ b a v few1 & !y 7 f\nd froz5 to dea?4 ,y discov]$ x t[>ds spr+1 on a w>m day4 ,:5 y remov$ ! combs1 y probably notic$ a great _m spots ( excrem5t deposit$ on !m1 z well z on ! sides ( ! hive1 p>ticul>ly ne> ! entrance4 ,also "o-half or m ( ! bre$+ cells conta9$ dead brood1 9 a putrid /ate2 & ?is summ] y h us$ ! old hive = a new sw>m4 ,y are "r1 sir1 9 e p>ticul>4 ,n[1 ,i w\ld l to "k :at gave y ! idea ( my los+ ! bees 9 t hive8 ,i c see no?+ peculi> ab\t t old hive1 m ?an ?is "o1 po9t+ to ano!r t also conta9$ a new sw>m4 ,y w greatly oblige me if y w po9t out ! signs p>ticul>ly4 ,i w d s ) pleasure 7feel+ q will+ to give him ! impression t ,i 0 po/$ up on ?is subject1 not)/&+ x savor$ /rongly ( boa/+74 ,i !n direct$ 8 att5tion to ! entrance 9 ! side ( ! hive1 :]e ! bees _h dis*>g$ _! faeces1 on ! mom5t !y issu$1 until x 0 ne> ! eigh? ( an in* ?ick1 & two or ?ree in*es broad2 t yet rema9$1 & j began to cleave (f4 ,y see ?is br[n sub/ance ar\nd ?is hole 9 ! hive8 ,yes1 x is bee-glue 7propolis72 x is v common on old hives4 ,i ?9k n2 if y w exam9e x closely1 y w p]ceive x is n s h>d & bright2 x already beg9s to crumble2 bee-glue is n affect$ by ! wea!r = ye>s4 ,j s1 b :at is x1 & :at has t to d ) y\r guess-"w8 ,x is ! excrem5t ( ! bees4 ,9 consequ5ce ( a great _m cells conta9+ dead brood1 :i* ! bees c\ld n ent]1 !y 7 unable to pack !mselves close en\gh to secure suffici5t animal heat to exhale or drive (f ! wat] 9 _! food1 x 0 !re=e reta9$ 9 _! bodies till !y 7 di/5d$ beyond endurance--!y 7 unable to wait = a w>m day--necessity compell$ !m to issue daily dur+ ! colde/ wea!r1 dis*>g+ _! faeces ! mom5t ( pass+ ! entrance1 & "p ( !m be=e4 ,!y 7 imm$iately *ill$1 & c\ld n return2 ! quantity left ab\t ?is entrance %[s t a great _m mu/ h come out4 ,t !y came out 9 cold wea!r is prov$ by its be+ left on ! hive1 because 9 w>m wea!r !y leave ! hive = ?is purpose4 ,?is is a new idea2 at pres5t x seems to be correct2 ,i w ?9k x ov]4 ,b h[ did y "k t x 0 n a new sw>m2 t x 0 well fill$8 ,:5 look+ "u x j n[1 ,i saw t combs ( a d>k color _h be5 atta*$ to ! sides ne> ! bottom1 bel[ :]e ^? are at pres5t2 ?is indicates t x _h be5 full1 & ! d>k color t x 0 n new4 ,also1 a sw>m e>ly & l>ge en\gh to fill su* a hive ! fir/ season1 w\ld n be v likely to be affect$ by ! cold 9 ?is way4 ,:y n8 ,i ?9k ?is hive 0 cr[d$ ) bees z mu* z any ( my new sw>ms4 ,i h no d\bt !y appe>$ s2 b we are v liable to be deceiv$ 9 su* cases1 by ! dead brood 9 ! combs4 ,a mod]ate-siz$ family 9 su* a hive w make m %[ ?an "s l>g] ones t h empty cells to creep into1 & c pack clos]4 ,b h[ did y "k ab\t ! dead brood8 ,because old /ocks are ?us (t5 r$uc$ & lo/4 ,:at 7 ! indications ( its be+ fill$ ) honey8 ,combs are seldom atta*$ to ! side ( ! hive f>!r d[n ?an !y are fill$ ) honey4 ,9 ?is hive ! combs _h be5 atta*$ to ! bottom1 consequ5tly mu/ h be5 full4 ,ano!r ?+1 unless ! family is v mu* r$uc$1 ! hive is g5]ally well /or$1 ev5 :5 diseas$4 ,:y did y suppose x 0 ne> spr+ be=e ,i discov]$ x8 ,i took ! *ances ( guess+4 ,! majority ( bee-keep]s1 y "k1 are r c>eless1 & :5 !y h fix$ _! bees = w9t]1 seldom give !m mu* m att5tion1 till !y beg9 to fly out 9 ! spr+4 ,b :at %\ld ,i h done _h ,i discov]$ ! bees com+ out8 ,z x 0 affect$ ) dead brood1 x 0 b little use to d any?+2 y w\ld h lo/ x ev5tually4 ,b if x _h be5 a /ock o!rwise heal?y1 & 0 affect$ 9 ?is way only because x 0 a small family1 or ! sev]ity ( ! wea!r1 y c\ld h tak5 x to a w>m room1 & turn$ x bottom up2 ! animal heat w\ld !n conv]t ! mo/ ( ! wat] conta9$ 9 _! food into vapor2 t w\ld rise f ! hive1 & ! bees c\ld reta9 ! excrem5titi\s portion )\t difficulty till spr+4 ,i suppose y mu/ get along )\t los+ _m ?r\gh ! w9t]1 if ,i may judge by y\r confid5t explanations4 ,i c assure y ,i h b little fe> on ?is head4 ,if ,i c h ! privilege ( select+ prop] /ocks1 ,i w engage n to lose "o 9 a hundr$4 ,h[ d y manage8 ,i w\ld be glad to obta9 a me?od 9 :i* ,i c\ld feel z p]fectly safe z y appe> to4 ,! fir/ important requisite is to h all good ones to />t )4 ,en\gh weak families are unit$ toge!r till !y are /rong1 or "s o!r disposition made ( !m4 ,i !n gave him an outl9e ( my me?od ( w9t]+1 :i* ,i c confid5tly recomm5d to ! read]4 ,,accumulation ,,( ,,faeces ,,describ$ ,,by ,,"s ,,writ]s ,,z ,a ,,disease4 ,?is accumulation ( faeces is consid]$ by _m writ]s z a disease--a k9d ( dys5t]y4 ,x is describ$ z affect+ !m t[>ds spr+1 & sev]al rem$ies are giv54 ,n[ if :at ,i h be5 describ+ is n ! dys5t]y1 :y ,i mu/ ?9k ,i nev] _h a case ( x2 b ,i %all /ill p]si/ 9 guess+ x to be ! same1 & suppose t inatt5tion ) _m mu/ be ! reason t x is n discov]$ 9 cold wea!r1 at ! "t t x takes place4 ,"s /ocks may be badly affect$1 yet n lo/ entirely1 :5 mod]ate wea!r w /op its progress4 ,:5 a rem$y is appli$ 9 ! spr+1 long aft] ! cause ceases to op]ate1 x w\ld be s+ul> if x 0 n effectual4 ,i h no d\bt b "s h tak5 ! natural dis*>ge ( faeces1 t always takes place 9 spr+ :5 ! bees leave ! hive1 = a disease4 ,o!rs1 :5 look+ = a cause = diseas$ brood1 & f\nd ! combs & hive some:at besme>$1 h assign$ ?is z suffici5t2 b accord+ to my view1 h rev]s$ x1 giv+ ! effect be=e ! cause4 ,,! ,,au?or',s ,,rem$y4 ,= a "t1 ,i suppos$ t ?is moi/ure on ! combs gradually mix$ ) ! honey1 mak+ x ?91 & t ! bees eat+ s mu* wat] ) _! food1 w\ld affect !m z describ$4 ,"s exp]im5ts t foll[$1 induc$ me to assign cold z ! cause1 z ,i always f\nd1 :5 ,i put !m :]e x 0 suffici5tly w>m1 t an imm$iate cure 0 ! result1 or at lea/1 x enabl$ !m to reta9 _! faeces till set out 9 ! spr+4 ,,bury+ ,,bees4 ,bury+ bees 9 ! e>? bel[ ! fro/1 has be5 recomm5d$ z a sup]ior me?od ( w9t]+1 = small families4 ,i h kn[n x confid5tly ass]t$1 t !y w\ld lose no?+ 9 weight1 & no bees w\ld die4 ,i f\nd1 9 te/+ x1 t a m$ium quantity ( honey suffic$1 & b v few 7 lo/1 p]haps less ?an by any o!r me?od4 ,yet ! combs 7 m\ldy1 & unfit = fur!r use4 ,!re 0 no escape = ! vapor & dampness ( ! e>?4 ,?is did n satisfy me2 x only cur$ "o disease by in/itut+ ano!r4 ,i sav$ ! bees1 7& p]haps "s honey71 b ! combs 7 spoil$4 ,,exp]im5ts ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,,to ,,get ,,rid ,,( ,,! ,,fro/4 ,i wi%$ to keep !m w>m1 & save ! bees z well z honey1 & at ! same "t1 get rid ( ! moi/ure4 ,i f\nd t a l>ge family expell$ x mu* bett] ?an small ones2 & if all 7 put toge!r 9 a close room1 ! animal heat f a l>ge numb] comb9$1 w\ld be an advantage to ! weak ones1 at lea/1--?is prov$ ( "s b5efit4 ,yet ,i f\nd on ! sides ( a glass hive1 t l>ge drops ( wat] w\ld /& = weeks4 ,,success ,,9 ,,?is ,,matt]4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ion !n came to my relief4 ,if ?is hive 0 bottom up1 :at w\ld prev5t all ?is vapor z x arises f ! bees f pass+ (f8 7,x always rises :5 w>m1 if p]mitt$47 ,! hive 0 inv]t$2 9 a few h\rs ! glass 0 dry4 ,?is 0 s p]fectly simple1 t ,i wond]$ ,i _h n ?\ght ( x be=e1 & wond]$ /ill m t "s "o ( ! _m intellig5t api>ians _h nev] discov]$ x4 ,i imm$iately inv]t$ e hive 9 ! room1 & kept !m 9 ?is way till spr+2 :5 ! combs 7 p]fectly bright1 n a p>ticle ( m\ld to be se51 & 0 well satisfi$ ) ! result ( my exp]im5t4 ,al?\gh ,i 0 fe>ful t m bees w\ld leave ! hives :5 inv]t$1 ?an if "r side up1 yet ! result %[$ no diff]5ce4 ,i _h n[ tri$ bo? me?ods1 & _h "s means ( judg+4 ,,bees ,,:5 ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,%\ld ,,be ,,kept ,,p]fectly ,,d>k4 ,:5 n kept p]fectly d>k1 a few w\ld leave ! hives 9 ei!r case4 ,i h f\nd x mu* bett] to make ! room d>k to keep ! bees 9 ! hive1 ?an to tie ov] !m a ?9 musl9 clo?1 z t prev5ts a free passage ( ! vapor1 & a great numb] ( full /ocks 7 n at all satisfi$ 9 conf9em5t2 & 7 cont9ually worry+1 & bit+ at ! clo?1 till !y _h made sev]al holes ?r\gh x = passages out4 ,?us ! little good 0 att5d$ by an evil1 z an (fset4 ,ev5 wire clo? put ov] to conf9e !m1 :i* w\ld be effectual1 w\ld n save bees en\gh to pay exp5se4 ,i h ?us w9t]$ !m = ! la/ t5 ye>s1 & am extremely d\btful if a bett] way c be f\nd4#ag ,= sev]al ye>s ,i made use ( a small b$-room 9 ! h\se1 made p]fectly d>k1 9 :i* ,i put ab\t #ajj /ocks4 ,x 0 la!d & pla/]$1 & no air admitt$1 except :at might come ?r\gh ! floor4 ,x 0 s+le1 & laid r close1 ?\gh n mat*$4 #ag ,i 0 s well pleas$ ) my success1 especially ) small families1 t ,i detail$ ! mo/ important po9ts 9 a communication to ! ,doll> ,newspap]1 ,philadelphia1 publi%$ ,novemb]1 #ahdh4 ,a ,,room ,,made ,,= ,,w9t]+ ,,bees4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahdi ,i built a room = ?is purpose2 ! frame 0 eight by sixte5 feet squ>e1 & sev5 high1 )\t any w9d[s4 ,a good coat ( pla/] 0 put on ! inside1 a space ( f\r in*es betwe5 ! sid+ & la? 0 fill$ ) saw-du/2 "u ! bottom ,i con/ruct$ a passage = ! admission ( air1 f ! nor? side2 ano!r ov] head = its exit1 to be clos$ & op5$ at pleasure1 9 mod]ate wea!r1 to give !m fre% air1 b clos$ :5 cold1 & s arrang$ z to exclude all ! light4 ,a p>tition 0 ext5d$ across ne> ! c5tre4 ,?is 0 to prev5t di/urb+ ! :ole by lett+ 9 light :5 c>ry+ !m out 9 ! spr+4 ,by clos+ ! door ( ?is p>tition1 ^? 9 "o room only ne$ be di/urb$ at once4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,/[+ ,,away ,,bees4 ,%elves to receive ! hives 7 arrang$ 9 ti]s "o above ! o!r2 !y 7 loose1 to be tak5 d[n & put up at pleasure4 ,suppose we beg9 at ! back end3 ! fir/ r[ is turn$ directly on ! floor1 a %elf is !n put across a few in*es above !m1 & fill$1 & !n ano!r %elf1 /ill above1 :5 we aga9 beg9 on ! floor1 & cont9ue ?us till ! room is full2 or if ! room is n to be fill$1 ! %elves may be fix$ ar\nd ! sides ( ! room 9 two or ?ree c\rses4 ,?is la/ arrangem5t w make x v conv5i5t to inspect !m at any "t ?r\gh ! w9t]1 yet !y %\ld be di/urb$ z little z possible4 ,! mann] ( /[+ ea* "o is to op5 ! holes 9 ! top1 !n lay d[n two squ>e /icks1 su* z are made by splitt+ a bo>d1 ( suitable l5g?1 into pieces ab\t an in* wide4 ,! hive is inv]t$ on ^!2 x gives a free circulation ?r\gh ! hive1 & c>ries (f all ! moi/ure z fa/ z g5]at$4 ,,temp]ature ,,( ,,room4 ,! temp]ature ( su* a room w v>y accord+ to ! numb] & /r5g? ( ! /ocks put 92 #ajj or m w\ld be v sure to keep x above ! freez+ po9t at all times4 ,putt+ a v few into su* a room1 & dep5d+ on ! bees to make x w>m en\gh1 w\ld be ( d\btful utility4 ,if ^! means w n keep ! prop] temp]ature1 probably "s o!r me?od w\ld be bett]4 ,all full /ocks w\ld d well en\gh1 z !y w\ld almo/ any way4 ,yet ,i %all recomm5d h\s+ !m :5ev] practicable4 ,if ! numb] ( /ocks is few1 let ! room be proportionably small4#ah ,x is ! smalle/ families t are mo/ tr\ble3 if !y are too cold1 x may be kn[n by bees leav+ ! hive 9 cold wea!r1 & spots ( excrem5t on ! combs2 !y %\ld !n h "s additional protection2 close "p or all ( ! holes 9 ! top1 cov] ! op5 bottom p>tially or :olly1 & conf9e to ! hive z mu* z possible ! animal heat2 :5 ^! means fail1 x may be necess>y to take !m to a w>m room1 dur+ ! colde/ wea!r4 #ah ,z an additional pro( t ?is me?od ( inv]t+ hives 9 ! h\se = w9t] is valuable1 ,i w\ld say t ,mr4 ,m9]1 au?or ( ! ,am]ican ,bee-,keep]'s ,manual1 seems fully to appreciate x4 ,94 ! fall ( #ahej1 ,i communicat$ to him ?is me?od2 giv+ my reasons = pref]r+ x to ! cold me?od recomm5d$ 9 8 ,manual4 ,! trial ( "o w9t]1 x appe>s1 satisfi$ him ( its sup]iority1 s mu* s t )9 a ye> f t "t he publi%$ an essay recomm5d+ x2 b advis$ conf9+ ! bees ) musl91 c4 ,,too ,,mu* ,,honey ,,may ,,sometimes ,,be ,,/or$4 ,aft] ! fl[]s fail1 & all ! brood has matur$ & left ! combs1 x sometimes happ5s t a /ock has an opportunity ( plund]+1 & rapidly fill+ all ^? cells t _h be5 occupi$ ) brood dur+ ! yield ( honey1 & :i* !n effectually prev5ts _! /or+ 9 !m4 ,?is1 !n1 prev5ts close pack+1 :i* is all-important = w>m?4 ,al?\gh a l>ge family1 z mu* c>e is ne$$ z ) ! small] ones4 ,also su* z are affect$ ) diseas$ brood %\ld receive extra att5tion = ! same reason4 ,"s bee-keep]s are unwill+ to risk ! bold measure ( inv]t+ ! hive1 b cont5t !mselves by m]ely op5+ ! holes 9 ! top2 ?is is bett] ?an no v5tilation1 b n s effectual1 z all ( ! moi/ure _c escape4 ,!re are "s :o _c dive/ !mselves ( ! idea1 t if ! hive is turn$ ov]1 ! bees mu/ also /& on _! heads all w9t]6 ,rats & mice1 :5 !y f9d _! way into su* room1 are less bold ) _! mis*ief ?an if ! hive is 9 its natural position4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,room ,,t[>ds ,,spr+4 ,a few w>m days w (t5 occur1 t[>ds spr+1 be=e we c get our bees out4 ,9 ^! cases1 a bu%el or two ( sn[ or ice p\nd$ up %\ld be spread on ! floor2 x w absorb & c>ry (f z x melts mu* ( ! heat1 t is n[ unnecess>y1 & w keep !m quiet mu* long] ?an )\t x2 7provision = gett+ rid ( ?is wat] %\ld be made :5 putt+ d[n ! floor47 ,,"t ,,= ,,sett+ ,,out ,,bees4 ,! "t = c>ry+ out bees is g5]ally 9 ,m>*1 b "s seasons lat]4 ,a w>m pleasant day is ! be/1 & "o q cold1 bett] ?an "o only mod]ately w>m4 ,aft] _! long conf9em5t1 ! light attracts !m out at once1 7unless v cold air prev5ts71 & if ! rays ( a w>m sun d n keep !m active1 !y w soon be *ill$ & lo/4 ,"s bee-keep]s take out _! /ocks at ev5+4 ,if we c\ld be always sure ( hav+ ! next day a fair "o1 x w\ld probably be ! be/ "t2 b %\ld x be only mod]ate1 or cl\dy1 x w\ld be att5d$ ) consid]able loss--or if ! next day %\ld be q cold1 b few w\ld leave1 & !n ! only risk w\ld be to get a good day1 be=e "o t 0 j w>m en\gh to make !m leave ! hive1 b n q en\gh to enable !m to return4 ,,n ,,too ,,_m ,,/ocks ,,tak5 ,,out ,,at ,,once4 ,:5 too _m are tak5 out at once1 ! ru% f all ! hives is s mu* l a sw>m1 t x appe>s to confuse !m4 ,"s ( ! /ocks by ?is means w get m bees ?an actually belong to !m1 :ile o!rs are proportionably %ort1 :i* is unpr(itable1 & to equalize !m is "s tr\ble2 yet x may be done4 ,be+ all w9t]$ 9 "o room1 ! sc5t or ! means ( di/+ui%+ _! own family f /rang]s1 becomes s mu* alike1 t !y mix toge!r )\t cont5tion4 ,,families ,,may ,,be ,,equaliz$4 ,by tak+ advantage ( ?is imm$iately1 or be=e ! sc5t has aga9 *ang$1 & ea* hive has some?+ peculi> to itself1 y c *ange ! /&s ( v weak & v /rong families4 ,to prev5t1 z f> z possible1 "s ( ^! bad effects1 ,i pref] wait+ = a fair day to beg91 & !n n until ! day has become suffici5tly w>m to make x safe f *ill4 ,,sn[ ,,ne$ ,,n ,,always ,,prev5t ,,c>ry+ ,,out ,,bees4 ,i am n p>ticul> ab\t ! sn[ be+ gone--if x has only la9 long en\gh to h melt$ a "p ( x1 x is t]ra firma to a bee1 & answ]s equally well z ! b>e e>?4 ,:5 ! day is "r1 ab\t t5 o'clock ,i put out twelve or fifte51 tak+ c>e t ea* hive occupies its old /&1 at ! same "t endeavor+ to take su* z w be z f> ap>t z possible2 7to make ?is conv5i5t1 !y %\ld be c>ri$ 9 9 ! mann] t y wi% !m to come out47 ,:5 ! ru% f ^! hives is ov]1 & ! majority ( ! bees has gone back1 ,i set out z _m m ab\t twelve o'clock1 & :5 ! day cont9ues fair1 ano!r lot ab\t two4 ,9 ! morn+1 :ile cool1 ,i move f ! back to ! fir/ ap>tm5t1 ab\t z _m z ,i wi% to set out 9 a day1 except a few at ! la/4 ,to d ?is 9 ! middle ( ! day1 :ile w>m1 w\ld induce a good _m bees to leave ! hive1 :ile ! light 0 admitt$1 & :i* w\ld be lo/4 ,x w be suppos$ g5]ally t _! long conf9em5t makes !m ?us impati5t to get out2 b ,i h frequ5tly return$ /ocks dur+ a cold turn ( wea!r aft] !y _h be5 out1 & always f\nd su* equally z anxi\s to come out1 z ^? :i* _h be5 conf9$ ?r\gh\t ! w9t]2 )\t ! air+s1 ,i h kept !m ?us conf9$1 = five mon?s1 )\t difficulty6 ,! important requisites are1 suffici5t w>m? & p]fect d>kness4 ,,does ,,n ,,analogy ,,prove ,,t ,,bees ,,%\ld ,,be ,,kept ,,w>m ,,9 ,,w9t]8 ,opposition to ?is me?od ( w9t]+ w arise ) ^? :o h always ?\ght t bees mu/ be kept cold2 ! cold] ! bett]4 ,i w\ld sugge/ = _! consid]ation ! possibility ( "s analogy betwe5 bees & "s ( ! w>m-blood$ animals--! horse1 ox1 & %eep1 = in/ance1 t require a con/ant supply ( food1 t !y may g5]ate z mu* caloric z is ?r[n (f on ! cold air4 ,?is seems to be regulat$ by ! degree ( cold1 else :y d !y refuse ! l>ge quantity ( tempt+ prov5d] 9 ! w>m days ( spr+1 & gre$ily dev\r x 9 ! pelt+ /orm8 ,! fact is pretty well demon/rat$1 t ! quantity ( food ne$$ = ! same condition 9 spr+1 is mu* less :5 protect$ f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r1 ?an :5 expos$ to ! sev]e cold4 ,! bee1 unlike ! wasp1 :5 once p5etrat$ ) fro/1 is dead--_! temp]ature mu/ be kept consid]ably above ! freez+ po9t1 & to d ?is1 food is requir$4 ,n[ if ! bees are gov]n$ by ! same laws1 & cold air c>ries (f m heat ?an w>m1 & _! s\rce ( r5ew+ x is 9 ! consumption ( honey 9 proportion to ! degree ( cold1 common s5se w\ld say1 keep !m w>m z possible4 ,z a c]ta9 degree ( heat is necess>y 9 all /ocks1 x may take ab\t su* a quantity ( honey to produce x1 & ?is may expla9 :y a small family requires ab\t ! same am\nt ( food z o!rs t are v l>ge4 ,,! ,,next ,,be/ ,,place ,,= ,,w9t]+ ,,bees4 ,a dry1 w>m cell> is ! next be/ place = w9t]+ !m2 ! api>ian hav+ "o p]fectly d>k1 ) room to sp>e1 w f9d x a v good place1 9 ! abs5ce ( a room above gr\nd4 ,if a l>ge numb] 0 put 91 "s means ( v5tilation %\ld be contriv$ = w>m turns ( wea!r4 ,i "k an api>ian1 :o by my sugge/ion has w9t]$ f sixty to eighty /ocks 9 ?is way1 = ! la/ six ye>s1 ) p]fect success1 n hav+ lo/ "o4 ,ano!r has w9t]$ ?irty ) equal safety4 ,z = bury+ !m 9 ! e>?1 ,i h n ! lea/ d\bt1 if a dry place %\ld be select$1 ! hive inv]t$1 & surr\nd$ ) hay1 /raw1 or "s sub/ance to absorb ! moi/ure1 & protect$ f ! ra91 at ! top ( ! cov]+1 t p]fect success w\ld att5d ! exp]im5t4 ,b ?is is only !ory2 :5 ,i tri$ ! exp]im5t ( bury+1 & _h ! combs m\ld1 ! hives w>e "r side up4 ,,evils ,,( ,,w9t]+s ,,9 ,,! ,,op5 ,,air ,,consid]$4 ,z a great _m bee-keep]s w f9d x inconv5i5t1 or be unable to avail !mselves ( my me?od ( w9t]+1 x w be well en\gh to see h[ f> ! evils ( ! op5 air1 :i* we h already glanc$ at1 may be successfully avoid$4 ,i am told by ^? :o h tri$ w9t]+ !m 9 /raw hives1 t 9 ?is respect !y are mu* saf] ?an ^? made ( bo>ds2 probably ! /raw w absorb ! moi/ure4 ,b z ^! hives are m tr\ble to con/ruct1 & _! %ape w prev5t ! use ( suitable boxes = surplus honey1 ?is "o advantage w h>dly balance ! loss4 ,!y are said also to be m liable to injury f ! mo?4 ,we want a hive t w unite advantage\sly z _m po9ts z possible4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t bees always ne$ air1 especially 9 ! cold4#ai ,) ?is 9 view1 we w try to dispose ( ! vapor or fro/4 ,if ! hive is rais$ suffici5t to let x out1 x w let 9 ! mice2 to prev5t :i*1 x %\ld be rais$ only ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in*4 ,! hole 9 ! side %\ld be ne>ly cov]$ ) wire clo? to keep out ! mice2 b give a passage = ! bees2 o!rwise !y collect "h1 endeavor+ to get out1 & rema9 till *ill$1 & ?us p]i% by hundr$s4 ,! boxes on ! top mu/ be remov$1 b n ! cap or cov]2 ! holes all op5$1 to let ! vapor pass up into ! *amb]2 if ?is is made ) p]fectly close jo9ts1 s t no air escapes1 x %\ld be rais$ a v little2 o!rwise n4 ,! moi/ure w cond5se on ! sides & top1 :5 x melts w foll[ ! sides to ! bottom1 & pass out2 ! rabbet+ ar\nd ! top ( ! hive w prev5t its gett+ to ! holes1 & d[n among ! bees4 ,x w be easily compreh5d$1 t a hole betwe5 ea* two combs at ! top1 7z m5tion$ 9 ! subject ( putt+ on ! boxes17 w v5tilate ! hive mu* bett] ?an :]e !re is b "o or two1 or :]e !re is a r[ ( sev]al1 & all are betwe5 two combs4 #ai ,x is presum$ t ! inexp]i5c$ w soon le>n to di/+ui% su* bees1 z die f old age or natural causes1 f ^? affect$ by ! cold4 ,,b ,,little ,,risk ,,) ,,good ,,/ocks4 ,all good /ocks may be w9t]$ 9 ?is way1 ) b little risk 9 mo/ situations4 ,:e!r 9 ! bleak nor?-w9d1 buri$ 9 a sn[-bank1 or situat$ w>m & pleasant1 x w make no great diff]5ce4 ,! mice _c ent]2 ! holes give !m air1 & c>ry (f moi/ure1 c4 ,b second-rate /ocks are n equally safe 9 cold situations4 ,,effect ,,( ,,keep+ ,,second-,,rate ,,/ocks ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,sun4 ,x has be5 /rongly urg$1 )\t reg>d to ! /r5g? ( ! /ock1 to keep !m all out ( ! sun2 because an occasional w>m day w\ld call out ! bees1 :5 !y get on ! sn[1 & p]i%2 ?is is a loss1 to be sure1 b !re is su* a ?+ z induc+ a great] "o by endeavor+ to avoid ?is4 ,i h said 9 ano!r place t second rate or poor /ocks might occasionally />ve1 ) pl5ty ( /ores 9 ! hive1 on acc\nt ( fro/y combs4 ,if ! hive is kept f ! sun1 9 ! cold1 ! p]iods ( temp]ate wea!r might n occur z (t51 z ! bees w\ld exhau/ ! honey )9 _! circle or clu/]4 ,b on ! contr>y1 :5 ! sun c /rike ! hive1 x w>ms up ! bees1 & melts ! fro/ m frequ5tly4 ,! bees may !n g among _! /ores & obta9 a supply1 g5]ally1 z (t5 z ne$$4 ,we seldom h a w9t] )\t sunny days en\gh = ?is purpose2 b %\ld su* an "o occur1 /ocks ( ?is class %\ld be br\ght into a w>m room1 once 9 f\r or five days1 = a few h\rs at a "t1 to give !m a *ance to get at ! honey4 ,/ocks mu* bel[ second-rate _c be w9t]$ successfully 9 ?is climate2 ! only place = !m is ! w>m room4 ,i h kn[n bees ?or\ghly cov]$ 9 a sn[-drift1 & _! own] 0 at consid]able tr\ble to %ovel ! sn[ away1 fe>+ x w\ld smo!r !m4 ,?is is unnecess>y1 :5 protect$ f ! mice & v5tilat$ z j direct$2 a sn[-bank is ab\t z com=table a place z !y c h1 except 9 ! h\se4 ,:5 exam9$ a %ort "t aft] be+ s cov]$1 ! sn[ = a space ( ab\t f\r in*es on e side ( ! hive is f\nd melt$1 & none b q poor /ocks w\ld be likely to suff] ) ?is protection4 ,a little sn[ ar\nd ! bottom1 )\t a v5t 9 ! side ( ! hive1 might smo!r !m4 ,,effects ,,( ,,sn[ ,,consid]$4 ,z = bees gett+ on ! sn[1 ,i appreh5d t n _m m are lo/ !re1 ?an on ! froz5 e>?2 t is1 9 ! same k9d ( wea!r4 ,i h se5 !m *ill$1 & lo/ on ! gr\nd by hundr$s1 :5 a casual obs]v] w\ld n h notic$ !m2 :]eas1 _h !y be5 on ! sn[1 at ! di/ance ( sev]al rods1 e bee w\ld h be5 conspicu\s4 ,sn[ is n to be dread$ z mu* z *illy air4 ,suppose a hive /&s 9 ! sun ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 & bees are all[$ to leave :5 !y *oose1 & a portion are lo/ on ! sn[1 & t x 0 possible to numb] all t 7 lo/ by gett+ *ill$1 ?r\gh\t ! season1 on ! b>e e>?--! proportion 79 my op9ion7 lo/ on ! sn[ w\ld n be "o 9 tw5ty4 ,a p]son t has n closely obs]v$ dur+ damp or *illy wea!r1 9 ,april1 ,may1 or ev5 ! summ] mon?s1 has no adequate conception ( ! numb]4 ,yet1 ,i d n wi% to be und]/ood t x is ( no consequ5ce :at are lo/ on ! sn[1 by any means4 ,on ! contr>y1 a great _m are lo/1 t might be sav$ ) prop] c>e4 ,b ,i w\ld l to impress ! fact1 t froz5 e>? is n safe )\t w>m air1 any m ?an sn[1 :5 cru/$1 or a little h>d4 ,ev5 :5 sn[ is melt+1 x is solid foot+ = a bee2 !y c & d rise f x1 ) ! same ease z f ! e>?4 ,bees t p]i% on sn[ 9 ^! circum/ances1 w\ld be likely to be lo/ if !re 0 none4 ,,/ocks ,,to ,,be ,,protect$ ,,on ,,"s ,,occasions4 ,! wor/ "t = !m to leave ! hive is imm$iately aft] a new sn[ has fall51 because if !y light on x !n1 x does n su/a9 _! weight2 & !y soon "w !mselves d[n out ( ! rays ( ! sun1 & p]i%4 ,%\ld x cle> (f pleasant1 aft] a /orm ( ?is k9d1 a little att5tion w probably be remun]at$4 ,also1 :5 ! wea!r is mod]ately w>m1 & n suffici5tly s to be safe1 !y %\ld be kept 91 :e!r sn[ is on ! gr\nd or o!rwise4 ,= ?is purpose1 a wide bo>d %\ld be set up be=e ! hive to protect x f ! sun1 at lea/ above ! entrance 9 ! side4 ,b if x gr[s suffici5tly w>m s t bees leave ! hive :5 s %ad$1 x is a fair te/ by :i* to tell :5 x w d to let !m h a good *ance to sally out freely1 except 9 cases ( a new sn[1 :5 x is advisable to conf9e !m to ! hive4 ,! hive might be let d[n on ! floor-bo>d1 & ! wire-clo? cov] ! passage 9 ! side1 & made d>k = ! pres5t2 rais+ ! hive at night aga91 z be=e4 ,i h kn[n hundr$s ( /ocks w9t]$ successfully )\t any su* c>e be+ tak51 & ! bees all[$ to come out :5ev] !y *ose to d s4 ,_! subsequ5t heal? & prosp]ity prov+ t x is n altoge!r ru9\s4 ,x has be5 recomm5d$ to enclose ! :ole hive by a l>ge box set ov] x1 & made p]fectly d>k1 ) means = v5tilation1 c4 7,a sn[-bank w\ld answ] equally well1 if n bett]47 ,= l>ge families x w\ld d well en\gh1 z w\ld also o!r me?ods4 ,b ,i w\ld mu* r take ! *ances ( lett+ !m all /& 9 ! sun1 & issue z !y please1 ?an to h ! w>m? ( ! sun entirely exclud$ f ! mod]ate-siz$ families4 ,i nev] knew a :ole /ock lo/ by ?is cause alone4#bj ,yet1 ,i h kn[n a great _m />v$1 m]ely because ! sun 0 n all[$ to melt ! fro/ on ! combs1 & give !m a *ance to get at _! /ores4 #bj ,vide o!r causes ( loss1 a few pages back4 ,,d ,,! ,,bees ,,eat ,,m ,,:5 ,,all[$ ,,to ,,come ,,out ,,occasionally ,,9 ,,w9t]8 ,besides ! loss ( bees on ! sn[ :5 /&+ 9 ! sun1 & tak+ an air+ occasionally1 !re are "s economical bee-keep]s :o urge ?is disadvantage1 t e "t bees come out 9 w9t] !y dis*>ge _! excrem5t1 & eat m honey 9 consequ5ce ( ! vacant room4 ,:at a ridicul\s absurdity x w\ld be to apply ?is pr9ciple to ! horse1 ^: heal?1 /r5g?1 & vital heat is su/a9$ by ! assimilation ( food6 & ! f>m] is n to be f\nd :o w\ld ?9k ( sav+ 8 prov5d] by ! same means4 ,t bees are support$ 9 cold wea!r on ! same pr9ciple is indicat$ /rongly1 if n conclusively4 ,is x n bett] 7if :at has be5 said on ! subject ( w9t]+ bees is correct7 to keep our bees w>m & com=table :5 practicable1 z a means ( sav+ honey8 ,to w9t] bees 9 ! be/ mann]1 consid]able c>e is requir$4 ,:5ev] y are dispos$ to neglect !m1 y %\ld be> 9 m9d t "o e>ly sw>m is wor? two late ones2 _! condition 9 spr+ w (t5 decide ?is po9t4 ,l a team ( cattle or horses :5 well w9t]$1 !y are ready = a good season's "w1 b :5 poorly w9t]$ h to recruit a long "t be=e !y are wor? mu*4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,sagacity ,,( ,,bees4 ,,are ,,n ,,bees ,,direct$ ,,alone ,,by ,,in/9ct8 ,on ?is subject ,i h b little to say1 z ,i h fail$ to discov] any?+ uncommonly rem>kable1 sep>ate & di/9ct 9 "o sw>m1 t ano!r w\ld n exhibit4 ,i h f\nd "o sw>m guid$ alone by in/9ct1 do+ j :at ano!r w\ld "u ! same circum/ances4 ,writ]s1 n cont5t$ ) ! a/oni%+ results ( in/9ct1 ) _! love ( ! m>vell\s1 mu/ add a good %>e ( reason to _! o!r faculties1--an adaptation ( means to ends1 t reason alone c\ld produce4 ,x is v true1 )\t close inspection1 & comp>+ ! results ( diff]5t sw>ms 9 simil> cases1 "o might arrive at su* conclusion4 ,x is difficult1 z all w admit1 to tell :]e in/9ct ends1 & reason beg9s4 ,in/ances ( sagacity1 l ! foll[+1 h be5 m5tion$4 ,:5 ! wea!r is w>m1 & ! heat inside is some:at oppressive1 a numb] ( bees may be se5 /ation$ ar\nd ! entrance1 vibrat+ _! w+s4 ,^? inside w turn _! heads t[>ds ! passage1 :ile ^? outside w turn !irs ! o!r way4 ,a con/ant agitation ( air is ?us creat$1 !reby v5tilat+ ! hive m effectually4 ,all full /ocks d ?is 9 hot wea!r4 ,,:at ,,!y ,,d ,,) ,,propolis4 ,a snail _h ent]$ ! hive & fix$ itself aga9/ ! glass side4 ,! bees1 unable to p5etrate x ) _! /+s1 ! cunn+ economi/s fix$ x immovably1 by cem5t+ m]ely ! edge ( ! orifice ( ! %ell to ! glass ) res91 7propolis71 & ?us x became a prison] = life4 ,n[ ! in/9ct t prompts ! ga!r+ ( propolis 9 ,augu/1 & fill+ e crack1 flaw1 or inequality ab\t ! hive1 w\ld cem5t ! edges ( ! snail-%ell to ! glass1 & a small /one1 block ( wood1 *ip1 or any sub/ance t !y are unable to remove1 w\ld be fa/5$ ) x 9 ! same mann]4 ,! edges or bottom ( ! hive1 :5 9 close proximity to ! bottom1 is jo9$ to x ) ?is sub/ance4 ,:atev] ! ob/acle may be1 x is pretty sure to receive a coat+ ( ?is4 ,! /opp]s = ! holes at ! top are held 9 _! places on ! same pr9ciple2 & ! unacc\ntable sagacity t once fa/5$ a little door1 might possibly be no?+ m ?an ! same in/9ct4 ,ano!r pr9ciple1 ,i ?9k1 w be f\nd to be univ]sal ) !m1 in/ead ( sagaci\s reason+4 ,:5ev] ! combs 9 a hive h be5 brok51 or :5 combs h be5 add$1 z 0 m5tion$ 9 ! *apt] on fall managem5t1 ! fir/ duty ( ! bees appe>s to be to fa/5 !m z !y are2 :5 ! edges are ne> ! side ( ! hive1 or two combs 9 contact1 a portion ( wax is deta*$ & us$ = jo9+ !m toge!r1 or to ! side4 ,,m5d+ ,,brok5 ,,combs4 ,:]e two combs d n t\*1 & yet are close toge!r1 a small b> is con/ruct$ f "o to ! o!r1 prev5t+ any ne>] approa*4 7,?is may be illu/rat$ by turn+ ! hive a few in*es f ! p]p5dicul> aft] be+ fill$ ) combs 9 w>m wea!r47 ,,mak+ ,,passages ,,to ,,e ,,"p ,,( ,,_! ,,combs4 ,%\ld ne>ly all ! combs 9 ! hive become deta*$ f any cause1 & lie on ! bottom 9 "o gr& sma% ( ru91 _! fir/ /eps are1 z j describ$1 pill>s f "o to ! o!r to keep !m z !y are4 ,9 a few days1 9 w>m wea!r1 !y w h made passages by bit+ away combs :]e !y are 9 contact1 ?r\gh\t e "p ( ! mass2 little columns ( wax bel[1 support+ ! combs above1--irregul>1 to be sure1 b z well z circum/ances admit4 ,n a s+le piece c be remov$ )\t break+ x f ! o!rs1 & ! :ole w be firmly cem5t$ toge!r4 ,a piece ( comb fill$ ) honey1 & seal$ up1 may be put 9 a glass box ) ! ends ( ^! cells s seal$1 t\*+ ! glass4 ,! pr9ciple ( all[+ no "p ( _! t5em5t to be 9 a situation inaccessible1 is soon manife/$4 ,!y imm$iately bite (f ! ends ( ! cells1 remove ! honey t is 9 ! way1 & make a passage next to ! glass1 leav+ a few b>s f x to ! comb1 to /eady & keep x 9 its position4 ,a s+le %eet ( comb ly+ flat on ! bottom-bo>d ( a popul\s sw>m is cut away "u side1 = a passage 9 e direction1 num]\s little pill>s ( wax be+ left = its support4 ,h[ any p]son 9 ! habit ( wat*+ _! proce$+s1 ) any degree ( att5tion1 c\ld come at ! conclusion t ! bees rais$ su* comb by me*anical means & !n put "u ! props = its support1 is some:at s+ul>4 ,_! ef=ts unit$ = su* a purpose l reasonable be+s1 ,i nev] witness$4 ,^! ?+s1 consid]$ z ! effect ( in/9ct1 are none ! less wond]ful on t acc\nt4 ,i am n sure b ! display ( wisdom is ev5 great] ?an if ! p[] ( plann+ _! own op]ations _h be5 giv5 !m4 ,i h m5tion$ ^!1 to %[ t a c\rse ( action call$ =? by ! peculi> situation ( "o family1 w\ld be copi$ by ano!r 9 a simil> em]g5cy1 )\t be+ aw>e ( its ev] be+ done be=e4 ,7 ,i engag$ 9 a "w ( fiction1 ,i might let fancy reign & endeavor to amuse1 b ?is is n ! object4 ,let u endeavor !n to be cont5t ) tru?1 & n murmur ) its reality4 ,:5 we take a survey ( ! a/oni%+ regul>ity ) :i* !y con/ruct _! combs )\t a tea*]1 & rememb] t ! wax5 mat]ial is =m$ 9 ! r+s ( _! body1 t = ! fir/ "t 9 life1 )\t an exp]i5c$ lead]'s direction1 !y apply a claw to deta* x1 t !y g =? to ! fields & ga!r /ores unbidd5 by a tyrant's m&ate1 & ?r\gh\t ! :ole cycle ( _! op]ations1 "o law & p[] gov]ns4 ,:oev] w\ld seek m9d z ! direct+ p[]1 mu/ look beyond ! s5sorium ( ! bee = ! s\rce ( all we behold 9 !m6 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,/ra9+ ,,honey ,,& ,,wax4 ,:5 ab\t to remove ! cont5ts ( a hive1 ,i h nev] f\nd x necess>y to use all ! precautions (t5 recomm5d$ to prev5t ! access ( bees4 ,i h se5 x /at$ t a room 9 :i* !re 0 a *imney op51 w\ld be unsuitable1 z ! bees w\ld sc5t ! honey1 & ?us f9d _! way d[n into ! room4 ,i nev] 0 ?us tr\bl$ by _! p]p5dicul> travell+4 ,x is true1 if ! day 0 w>m1 & a door or w9d[ 0 /&+ op51 ! bees w\ld f9d _! way 9 dur+ a sc>city ( honey4 ,b ) doors & w9d[s clos$ no difficulty ne$ be appreh5d$4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,remov+ ,,combs ,,f ,,! ,,hive4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t way to remove combs f ! hive is to take (f "o ( its sides1 b ?is is apt to split ! bo>ds1 if x 0 prop]ly nail$1 & injure x = subsequ5t use4 ,) tools su* z h be5 describ$1 x may be done v nicely1 & leave ! hive :ole4 ,! *isel %\ld h ! bevel all on "o side1 l ^? us$ by c>p5t]s4 ,:5 y comm5ce1 turn ! flat side next ! bo>d ( ! hive1 & ! bevel cr[d$ by ! combs w foll[ x close ! :ole l5g?2 ) ! o!r tool !y are cut across ! top1 & readily lift$ out4 ,if pref]r$1 !y may be cut across ne> ! c5tre & take out half a %eet at a "t2 ?is is sometimes necess>y on acc\nt ( ! cross-/icks4 ,,diff]5t ,,me?ods ,,( ,,/ra9+ ,,honey4 ,su* combs z are tak5 f ! middle or vic9ity ( brood-cells1 are g5]ally unfit = ! table2 su* %\ld be /ra9$4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods ( do+ x4 ,"o is1 to ma% ! comb & put x 9 a bag1 & hang x ov] "s vessel to cat* ! honey z x dra9s out4 ,?is w d v well = small quantities 9 w>m wea!r1 or 9 ! fall be=e !re is any ( x c&i$4 ,ano!r me?od is to put su* combs into a col&]1 & set ?is ov] a pan1 & introduce x into an ov5 aft] ! bread is out4 ,?is melts ! combs4 ,! honey & a portion ( ! wax run out toge!r4 ,! wax rises to ! top & cools 9 a cake4 ,x is some:at liable to burn1 & requires "s c>e4 ,_m pref] ?is me?od1 z !re is less ta/e ( bee-bread1 no cells conta9+ x be+ di/urb$1 b all ! honey is n c]ta9 to dra9 out )\t /irr+ x4 ,if dispos$1 two qualities may be made1 by keep+ ! fir/ sep>ate4 ,ano!r me?od is m]ely to break ! combs f9ely1 & put !m into a col&]1 & all[ ! honey to dra9 out )\t mu* heat1 & aft]w>ds skim (f ! small p>ticles t rise to ! top1 or :5 v p>ticul>1 pass ! honey ?r\gh a clo?1 or piece ( lace4 ,b = l>ge quantities1 a m exp$iti\s mode is to h a c & /ra9]1 made = ! purpose1 :]e fifty p\nds or m c be work$ out at once4 ,! c is made ( t91 twelve or f\rte5 in*es deep1 by ab\t t5 or twelve diamet]1 ) h&les on ea* side at ! top1 = lift+ x4 ,! /ra9] is j en\gh small] to g d[n inside ! c2 ! height may be consid]ably less1 provid+ !re are h&les on ea* side to pass out at ! top2 ! bottom is p]=at$ ) holes l a col&]1 combs are put into ?is1 & ! :ole set into a kettle ( boil+ wat]1 & heat$ )\t any risk ( burn+1 until all ! wax is melt$1 7:i* may be asc]ta9$ by /irr+ x17 :5 x may be tak5 out4 ,all ! wax1 bee-bread1 c41 w rise 9 a few m9utes4 ,! /ra9] c n[ be rais$ out ( ! top & set on a frame = ! purpose1 or by m]ely tipp+ x slightly on "o side x w re/ on ! top ( ! c4 ,x might be left to cool be=e rais+ ! /ra9]1 7 x n liable to /ick to ! sides ( ! c2 ! honey w\ld be full z pure1 & sep>ate ne>ly z clean f ! wax & bee-bread1 c4 ,:5 rais$ out be=e cool+1 ! cont5ts %\ld be repeat$ly /irr$1 or consid]able honey w rema94 ,two qualities may be made by keep+ ! fir/ t runs ?r\gh sep>ate f ! la/1 7z /irr+ x works out ! bee-bread74 ,ev5 a ?ird quality maybe obta9$ by add+ a little wat]1 & repeat+ ! process4 ,?is is wor? b little4 ,by boil+ out ! wat]1 )\t burn+1 & remov+ ! scum1 x w d to fe$ bees4 ,by add+ wat] until x w j be> a potato1 boil+ & skimm+1 & lett+ x f]m5t1 x w make me!gl91 or by lett+ ! f]m5tation proce$ x w make v9eg>4 ,honey t has be5 heat$ ?or\ghly1 w n c&y z readily z :5 /ra9$ )\t heat4 ,a little wat] may be add$ to prev5t its gett+ too h>d2 b %\ld x get s 9 cold wea!r1 x c at any "t be w>m$1 & wat] add$ until x is ( ! "r consi/5ce4 ,,gett+ ,,out ,,wax--,,diff]5t ,,me?ods4 ,sev]al me?ods h be5 adopt$ = sep>at+ ! wax4 ,i nev] f\nd any means ( gett+ out ! :ole4 ,yet ,i suppose ,i came z ne> x z any "o4 ,"s recomm5d heat+ x 9 an ov51 simil> to ! me?od ( /ra9+ honey ?r\gh ! col&]1 b ,i h f\nd x to wa/e m ?an :5 melt$ ) wat]4 ,a bett] way = small quantities1 is to half fill a co>se /\t bag ) refuse comb & a few cobble-/ones to s9k x1 & boil x 9 a kettle ( wat]1 press+ & turn+ x frequ5tly till ! wax ceases to rise4 ,:5 ! cont5ts ( ! bag are empti$1 by squeez+ a h&ful1 ! p>ticles ( wax may be se51 & y may !reby judge ( ! quantity ?r[n away4 ,= l>ge quantities ! =ego+ process is r t$i\s4 ,x c be facilitat$ by hav+ two lev]s f\r or five feet long & ab\t f\r in*es wide1 & fa/5$ at ! l[] end by a /rong h+e4 ,! combs are put into a kettle ( boil+ wat]1 & w melt almo/ imm$iately2 x is !n put into ! bag1 & tak5 betwe5 ! lev]s 9 a wa%-tub or o!r l>ge vessel & press$1 ! cont5ts ( ! bag %ak51 & turn$1 sev]al times dur+ ! process1 & if ne$ be return$ to ! boil+ wat] & squeez$ aga94 ,! wax1 ) a little wat]1 is n[ to be remelt$ & /ra9$ aga9 ?r\gh f9] clo?1 into vessels t w m\ld x into ! desir$ %ape4 ,z ! s$im5t settles to ! bottom ( ! wax :5 melt$1 a portion may be dipp$ (f ne>ly pure )\t /ra9+4 ,wax 9 cool wea!r may be :it5$ 9 a %ort "t 9 ! sun1 b x mu/ be 9 v ?9 flakes2 x is readily obta9$ 9 ?is %ape by hav+ a v ?9 bo>d or %+le1 :i* %\ld be fir/ ?or\ghly wet1 & !n dipp$ into pure melt$ wax2 en\gh w adh]e to make x ! desir$ ?ickness1 & w cool in/antly on be+ )drawn4 ,draw a knife along ! edges1 & x w readily cleave (f4 ,expos$ to ! sun 9 a w9d[ or on ! sn[1 x w become p]fectly :ite1 :5 x c be made into cakes = m>ket1 :]e x comm&s a mu* high] price ?an ! yell[4 ,x is said !re is a *emical process t :it5s x readily1 b ,i am n acqua9t$ ) x4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,pur*as+ ,,/ocks ,,& ,,transport+ ,,bees4 ,if ! read] has no bees1 & yet has _h int]e/ or pati5ce to foll[ me ?us f>1 x is presumptive evid5ce t he w\ld possess ! requisite p]sev]ance to take *>ge ( !m4 ,x w\ld be well1 h[ev]1 to rememb] ! anxieties1 p]plexities1 & "t necess>y to take ! prop] c>e1 z well z ! advantages & pr(it4 ,b if y are dispos$ to try ! exp]im5t1 v likely "s directions = a comm5cem5t w\ld be acceptable4 ,,:y ,,! ,,^w ,,luck ,,is ,,appli$ ,,to ,,bees4 ,!re has be5 s mu* unc]ta9ty 9 /ock ( ?is k9d1 t ! ^w luck has be5 made to express too mu*4 ,"s h be5 successful1 :ile o!rs h fail$ entirely2 ?is has sugge/$ ! idea t luck dep5d$ on ! mann] t ! /ocks 7 obta9$2 & "h aga9 !re seems to be a v>iety ( op9ions1 z is ! case always1 :5 a ?+ is guess$ at4 ,"o w ass]t t ! fickle dame is *>m$ into favor by /eal+ a /ock or two to beg9 )1 & return+ !m aft] a />t4 ,ano!r1 7a little m consci5ti\s1 p]haps7 t y mu/ take !m )\t lib]ty1 to be sure1 b leave an equival5t 9 money on ! /&4 ,ano!r1 t ! only way to get up an effectual *>m1 is to ex*ange %eep = !m2 & /ill ano!r says1 t bees mu/ always be a gift4 ,i h _h all ^! me?ods (f]$ me gratis1 ) gravity1 suitable to make an impression4 ,&1 f9ally1 !re has yet ano!r me?od be5 f\nd out1 & t is1 :5 y want a few /ocks ( bees g & buy !m1 yes1 & pay = !m too1 9 doll>s & c5ts1 or take !m = a %>e ( ! increase = a "t1 if x suits y\r pecuni>y res\rces be/4 ,& y ne$ n dep5d on any *>m or my/ic p[] = y\r success--if y d1 ,i _c avoid ! unfavorable pr$iction ( a failure4 ,x is true t a few h accid5tally prosp]$ = a few ye>s2 ,i say accid5tally1 because :5 !y h no true pr9ciples ( managem5t1 x mu/ be ! result ( accid5t4 ,x is a say+ ) "s1 t "o man c't h luck b few ye>s at once1 & o!rs none at all1 al?\gh he tries ! :ole r\t9e ( *>ms4 ,ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ago1 :5 my respect$ neighbor pr$ict$ a turn 9 my luck1 because x 0 always s1 ,i c\ld n und]/& ! =ce ( ?is reason+1 unless x belong$ to ! nature ( bees to det]iorate1 & consequ5tly run out4 ,i at once det]m9$ to asc]ta9 ?is po9t4 ,i c\ld und]/& h[ a f>m] w\ld (t5 fail to raise a crop1 if he dep5d$ on *ance or luck = success1 in/ead ( fix$ natural pr9ciples4 ,x 0 possible t bees might be simil>4 ,i f\nd t 9 good seasons ! majority ( p _h luck1 b 9 poor seasons1 ! rev]se1 & :5 two or ?ree occurr$ 9 succession1 !n 0 ! "t to lose _! luck4 ,x 0 evid5t1 !n1 if ,i c\ld pass 9 safety ! poor seasons by any means1 ,i %\ld d well en\gh 9 good ones4#ba ,! result has giv5 me b little reason to compla94 ,my advice !re=e is1 t reliance %\ld be plac$ on prop] managem5t1 in/ead ( luck1 aris+ f ! mann] ! fir/ /ock 0 obta9$4 ,%\ld any "o feel dispos$ to make y a pres5t ( a /ock or two ( bees1 ,i w\ld advise y to accept ! (f] & be ?ankful1 disc>d+ all appreh5sion ( a failure on t acc\nt4 ,or if any "o is will+ y %\ld take "s on %>es1 ?is is a *eap way to get a />t1 & y h no risk ( loss 9 ! old /ock4 ,yet if bees prosp]1 ! int]e/ on ! money t /ocks co/ is a m]e trifle 9 comp>ison to ! value ( increase1 & y h ! same tr\ble4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! own] ( bees c af=d to take c>e ( a few hives m1 = half ! pr(its1 :i* he has to give if ano!r takes !m2 ?is is apt to be ! case1 especially1 ) su* z h no fai? 9 *>ms4 #ba ,!re are sections ( c\ntry :]e ! diff]5ce 9 seasons is less ?an 9 ?is4 ,,rule ,,9 ,,tak+ ,,bees ,,= ,a ,,%>e4 ,! rule g5]ally adopt$ = tak+ bees is ?is4 ,"o or m /ocks are tak5 = a t]m ( ye>s1 ! p]son tak+ !m f9d+ hives1 boxes1 & be/[+ :atsoev] c>e is necess>y1 & return+ ! old /ocks to ! own] ) half ! increase & pr(its4 ,a ,,man ,,may ,,sell ,,8 ,,luck4 ,!re are yet a few p]sons :o refuse to sell a /ock ( bees1 because x is bad luck4 ,!re is (t5 "s gr\nds = ?is notion4 ,x might arise "u ! foll[+ circum/ances4 ,suppose a p]son has a half doz5 hives1 ?ree extra good1 ! o!rs ( ! opposite extreme4 ,he sells = ! sake ( ! bett] price 8 ?ree be/2 !re is b little d\bt b 8 be/ luck w\ld g too6 ,b %\ld 8 poore/ be tak51 ! result w\ld be diff]5t1 )\t d\bt4 ,b !re are cases :]e an api>ian has m /ocks ?an he wi%es to keep4 7,x has be5 ! case ) myself frequ5tly47 ,p]sons wi%+ to sell1 are ! prop] ones ( :i* to buy4 ,pur*as]s seldom want any b fir/-rate /ocks1 !y are g5]ally *eape/ 9 ! end4 ,!re is usually a diff]5ce ( ab\t a doll> 9 ! spr+ & fall prices1 & five & six doll>s are common *>ges4 ,i h kn[n !m sell at auction at eight1 b 9 "s sections !y are less4 ,,fir/-,,rate ,,/ocks ,,recomm5d$ ,,to ,,beg9 ,,)4 ,= a beg9n+ !n1 ,i w\ld recomm5d pur*as+ none b fir/-rate /ocks2 x w make b little diff]5ce 9 ! risk1 :e!r y obta9 !m 9 ! spr+1 or fall1 if y h read my rem>ks on w9t] managem5t ) att5tion2 ,i h already said ! requisites = a good /ock = w9t]1 7 a num]\s family & pl5ty ( honey1 & t ! clu/] ( bees %\ld ext5d ?r\gh ne>ly all ! combs1 c4 ,to avoid z f> z possible diseas$ brood1 f9d an api>y :]e x has nev] made its appe>ance1 to make pur*ases4 ,!re are "s :o h lo/ bees by x1 & yet are totally ignorant ( ! cause4 ,x w\ld be well1 !re=e1 to inquire if any /ocks h be5 lo/1 & !n = ! cause--be c>eful t second>y are n mi/ak5 = prim>y causes4 ,,old ,,/ocks ,,are ,,good ,,z ,,any1 ,,if ,,heal?y4 ,:5 x appe>s t all are exempt1 7by a ?or\gh exam9ation1 if n satisfi$ )\t17 y ne$ n object to /ocks two or ?ree ye>s old2 !y are j z good z any1 sometimes bett]1 7provid+ !y h sw>m$ ! season previ\s1 accord+ to "o au?or2 because su* always h "y que5s1 :i* are m prolific ?an old ones1 t w be 9 all fir/ sw>ms74 ,old /ocks are z prosp]\s z any1 z long z !y are heal?y1 yet !y are m liable to become diseas$4 ,,caution ,,respect+ ,,diseas$ ,,brood4 ,:5 no api>y f :i* to pur*ase c be f\nd1 b :]e ! disease has made its appe>ance1 & y are necessitat$ to pur*ase f su*1 or n at all1 y _c be too cauti\s ab\t x4 ,x w\ld be safe/ 9 ?is case to take none b "y sw>ms1 z x is n s common = !m to be affect$ ! fir/ season1 yet !y are n always exempt4 ,b "h1 aga91 y may n be all[$ to take all "y /ocks2 9 :i* case let ! wea!r be pretty cold1 ! bees w be fur!r up among ! combs1 & give a *ance to inspect ! combs4 ,at ?is season1 say n e>li] ?an ,novemb]1 all ! heal?y brood w be hat*$4 ,sometimes1 a few "y bees may be left t h _! mature %ape1 & probably _h be5 *ill$ by sudd5 cold wea!r--^! are n ! result ( disease1 ! bees w remove !m ! next season1 & no bad results foll[4 ,9 w>m wea!r a satisfactory inspection c be _h no o!r way1 b by ! use ( tobacco smoke4 ,be p>ticul> to reject all t are affect$ ) ! disease 9 ! lea/2 bett] d )\t1 ?an take su* to beg9 )4 7,a full description has be5 giv5 ( ?is disease 9 ano!r place47 ,,result ,,( ,,ignorance ,,9 ,,pur*as+4 ,a neighbor pur*as$ ?irte5 /ock-hives2 six 7 old ones1 ! o!rs sw>ms ( ! la/ season4 ,z ! old hives 7 heavy1 he ( c\rse ?\ght !m good2 ei!r he knew no?+ ( ! disease1 or took no tr\ble to exam9e2 five ( ! six old ones 7 badly affect$4 ,f\r 7 lo/ outright1 except ! honey2 ! fif? la/$ ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & !n _h to be transf]r$4 ,he _h flatt]$ himself t !y 7 obta9$ v *eaply1 b :5 he made out :at 8 good ones co/1 he f\nd no great reason1 9 ?is respect1 = congratulation4 ,,sizes ,,( ,,hives ,,important4 ,ano!r po9t is wor?y ( consid]ation3 endeavor to get hives z ne> ! "r size z possible1 viz41 #b1jjj cubic in*es2 bett] too l>ge ?an too small4 ,if too l>ge1 !y may be cut (f1 leav+ !m ! prop] size4 ,b yet1 x (t5 makes an unga9ly %ape1 be+ too l>ge squ>e = ! height4 ,z ! %ape probably makes no diff]5ce 9 ! prosp]ity ( ! bees1 ! appe>ance is ! pr9cipal objection1 aft] be+ cut (f4 ,an acqua9tance _h pur*as$ a lot ( bees 9 v l>ge hives1 & call$ on me to "k :at to d ) !m1 z he fe>$ su* w\ld n sw>m well 9 consequ5ce2 ,i told him x w\ld be d\btful1 unless he cut !m (f to ! "r size4 ,cut 'em (f6 h[ c t be done8 !re is bees 9 'em4 ,s ,i expect$1 b x c be done ne>ly z well z if empty4 ,b don't y get /ung dreadfully8 ,n (t53 if x is to be done 9 w>m wea!r1 ,i smoke !m well be=e ,i beg92 9 v cold wea!r is ! be/ "t1 !n x is unnecess>y2 simply turn ! hive bottom up1 m>k (f ! prop] size1 & ) a %>p saw take x (f )\t tr\ble4 ,"s are fill$ ) combs2 y don't cut (f su*1 d y8 ,c]ta9ly2 ,i consid] all ! room = combs 9 a hive ov] #b1jjj in*es z worse ?an lo/4 ,:at w y ask to cut m9e (f8 ,if ,i c\ld see x done once1 ,i might d x next "t4 ,! *>ge w be light2 b if y int5d to keep bees1 y %\ld le>n to d ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to !m1 & n be dep5d5t on any "o2 ,i did x be=e ,i ev] saw or he>d ( its be+ done4 ,i !n gave him full directions h[ to manage1 b c\ld n p]suade him to und]take4 ,,h[ ,,l>ge ,,hives ,,c ,,be ,,made ,,small]4 ,a %ort "t aft]1 ,i att5d$1 on a cold day1 ) a %>p saw1 squ>e1 c4 ,i f\nd 8 hives f\rte5 in*es squ>e inside1 & eighte5 deep1 hold+ ab\t #c1ejj in*es4 ,( ?is squ>e1 a little m ?an t5 in*es 9 height1 w\ld make j ! "r size4 ,to "w conv5i5t1 ,i inv]t$ ! hive on a b>rel1 set on end1 m>k$ ! l5g?1 & saw$ x (f1 )\t a bee leav+4 ,x 0 v cold1 7m]cury at #f deg47 ,! bees came to ! edges ( ! combs1 b ! cold drove !m back4 ,9 a %ort "t ,i _h tak5 (f six2 f\r :5 done 7 j ab\t full2 ! o!r two 7 s :5 ,i began1 b !y 7 m>k$ & saw$ l ! re/2 :5 ! combs 7 atta*$1 !y 7 sev]$ ) a knife1 & ! piece ( ! hive ?us loose1 0 rais$ (f1 leav+ sev]al in*es ( ! combs project+ out ( ! hive4 ,i n[ cut (f ! fir/ comb1 ev5 ) ! bottom ( ! hive4 ,on ! next comb !re 7 a few bees2 ) a quill ^! 7 bru%$ d[n into ! hive2 ?is piece 0 !n remov$1 & ! bees on ! o!r side ( x 7 bru%$ d[n also4 ,9 ?is way all o!rs 7 remov$1 & left ! hive j full4 ,! o!r full hive1 aft] x 0 saw$ on ea* side1 a small wire 0 drawn ?r\gh1 p>allel ) ! %eets1 & sev]$ all ! combs at once2 ea* piece 0 tak5 out1 & ! bees t 7 clu/]$ on !m bru%$ back2 remov+ ! loose "p ( ! hive1 0 ! la/ ?+ to be done4 ,?is la/ me?od 0 pref]r$ to ! o!r by my employ]2 yet x 0 all p]=m$ to 8 satisfaction1 no /+ or o!r difficulty ab\t x1 except ! tr\ble ( w>m+ f+]s r frequ5tly4 ,tobacco smoke w\ld h kept !m quiet dur+ ! op]ation1 ne>ly z well4 ,if pref]r$1 a hive may /& "r side up :ile saw+ x4 ,,mod]ate ,,wea!r ,,be/ ,,to ,,remove ,,bees4 ,9 transport+ y\r bees1 avoid if possible ! two extremes ( v cold1 or v w>m wea!r4 ,9 ! latt] ! combs are s ne>ly melt$1 t ! weight ( ! honey w b5d !m1 bur/+ ! cells1 spill+ ! honey1 & besme>+ ! bees4 ,9 v cold wea!r1 ! combs are brittle1 & easily deta*$ f ! sides ( ! hive4 ,:5 necessitat$ to move !m 9 v cold wea!r1 !y %\ld be put up an h\r or s be=e />t+4 ,! agitation ( ! bees aft] be+ di/urb$ w create consid]able heat2 a portion ( ?is w be imp>t$ to ! combs1 & add to _! /r5g?4 ,,prep>ations ,,= ,,transport+ ,,bees4 ,to prep>e = mov+ !m1 pieces ( ?9 musl9 ab\t half a y>d squ>e is z good z any?+1 secur$ by c>pet tacks4 ,,secur+ ,,bees ,,9 ,,! ,,hive4 ,! hive is inv]t$1 & ! clo? put ov]1 neatly fold$1 & fa/5$ ) a tack at ! corn]s1 & ano!r 9 ! middle4 ,! tack is cr[$ 9 ab\t two-?irds ( its l5g?1 x !n pres5ts ! head conv5i5t to pull out4 ,if ! bees are to g a great di/ance1 & require to be %ut up sev]al days1 ! musl9 w be h>dly suffici5t1 z !y w\ld probably bite _! way out4 ,some?+ m sub/antial w\ld !n be requir$4 ,take a bo>d ! size ( ! bottom1 cut out a place 9 ! middle1 & cov] ) wire clo?1 7l ! "o recomm5d$ = hiv+17 & fa/5 x ) tacks4 ,?is bo>d is to be nail$ on ! hive4 ,aft] ! nails are driv51 ) ! hamm] />t x (f ab\t ! eigh? ( an in*2 x w admit a little air ar\nd ! sides z well z ! middle1 q necess>y = heavy /ocks4 ,b v small families might be safe )\t ! wire clo?2 air en\gh w\ld pass betwe5 ! hive & bo>d1 except 9 w>m wea!r4 ,new combs break easi] ?an old4 ,,be/ ,,conveyance4 ,probably ! be/ conveyance is a wagon ) elliptic spr+s4 ,b a wagon )\t spr+s is bad1 especially = "y /ocks4 ,yet ,i h kn[n !m mov$ safely 9 ?is way1 b x requir$ "s c>e 9 pack+ ) hay1 or /raw1 "u & ar\nd !m1 & c>eful driv+4 ,good sleigh+ w answ] v well1 & by "s ?\ght to be ! be/ "t4 ,,hive ,,to ,,be ,,inv]t$4 ,:atev] conveyance is employ$1 ! hive %\ld be inv]t$4 ,! combs w !n all re/ closely on ! top1 & are less liable to break ?an :5 "r end up1 because !n ! :ole weight ( ! combs mu/ dep5d ^u ! fa/5+s at ! top & sides = support1 & are easily deta*$ & fall4 ,:5 mov+ bees1 s rev]s$1 !y w creep upw>d2 9 /ocks "p full1 !y w (t5 ne>ly all leave ! combs1 & get ^u ! cov]+4 ,9 a %ort "t aft] be+ set up1 !y w return1 except 9 v cold wea!r1 :5 a few w sometimes freeze2 consequ5tly a w>m room is requir$ to put !m 9 = a %ort "t4 ,aft] c>ry+ !m a few miles1 ! disposition to /+ is g5]ally gone1 yet !re are a few exceptions4 ,9 mod]ate wea!r1 :5 bees are conf9$1 !y manife/ a p]sev]+ det]m9ation to f9d _! way out1 p>ticul>ly aft] be+ mov$1 & some:at di/urb$4 ,i h kn[n !m to bite holes ?r\gh musl9 9 ?ree days4 ,! same difficulty is (t5 att5dant on attempt+ to conf9e !m to ! hive by musl9 :5 9 ! h\se 9 ! w9t]1 except :5 kept 9 a cold situation4 ,%\ld any combs become brok51 or deta*$ f _! fa/5+s1 9 hives n full1 by mov+ or o!r accid5t1 r5d]+ !m liable to fall :5 set up1 ! hive may rema9 inv]t$ on ! /& till w>m wea!r1 if necess>y1 & ! bees h aga9 fa/5$ !m1 :i* !y d soon aft] comm5c+ "w 9 ! spr+4 ,if !y are s badly brok5 t !y b5d ov]1 rolls ( pap] may be put betwe5 !m to pres]ve ! prop] di/ance till secur$4 ,:5 !y comm5ce mak+ new combs1 or be=e1 x is "t to turn ! "r end up4 ,:ile ! hive is inv]t$1 x is ess5tial t a hole is 9 ! side1 ?r\gh :i* ! bees may "w4 ,a bo>d %\ld fit close ov] ! bottom1 & cov]$1 to effectually prev5t any wat] f gett+ among ! bees1 c4 ,,conclusion4 ,9 conclusion ,i w\ld say1 t ! api>ian :o has foll[$ me att5tively1 & has add$ no?+ ( value to 8 /ock ( in=mation1 possesses an enviable exp]i5ce t all %\ld /rive to obta94 ,x has be5 said t ?ree out ( five :o comm5ce an api>y mu/ fail2 b let u suppose x is ?r\gh ignorance or inatt5tion1 & n inh]5t ) ! bees4 ,to ! beg9n] !n ,i w\ld say1--if y expect to succe$ 9 obta9+ "o ( ! mo/ delectable ( sweets = y\r own consumption1 or ! pr(it 9 doll>s & c5ts1 y w f9d some?+ m requisite ?an m]ely hold+ ! di% to obta9 ! porridge4 ,,see ,,y\r ,,bees ,,(t51 & "k at all times _! actual condition4 ,?is "o recipe is wor? m ?an all o!rs t c be giv52 x is at ! head ( ! class ( duties2 all o!rs beg9 "h4 ,ev5 ! gr& secret ( successfully combat+ ! worms1--,,keep ,,y\r ,,bees ,,/rong1 mu/ take its rise at ?is po9t4 ,) ! above motto act$ ^u1 c>ri$ out fully1 & ) p]sev]ance1 y _c well fail to realize all reasonable expectations4 ,avoid ov]-anxiety = a rapid increase 9 /ocks2 try & be satisfi$ ) "o good sw>m f a /ock annually1 y\r *ances are bett] ?an ) m2 d n anticipate ! gold5 h>ve/ too soon4 ,y w probably be necessitat$ to disc>d "s ( ! extravagant reports ( pr(its f ! api>y4 ,yet y w f9d "o /ock trebl+1 p]haps quadrupl+ its price or value 9 products1 :ile ! "o beside x does no?+4 ,9 "s seasons p>ticul>ly favorable y\r /ocks collectively w yield a return ( "o or two hundr$ p] c5t4--9 o!rs1 h>dly make a return = tr\ble4 ,! prop] e/imate c be made only aft] a numb] ( ye>s1 :51 if !y h be5 judici\sly manag$1 & y\r ideas h n be5 too extravagant1 y w be fully satisfi$4 ,i h kn[n a s+le /ock 9 "o season to produce m ?an tw5ty doll>s 9 sw>ms & honey1 & n9ety /ocks to produce ov] n9e hundr$ doll>s1 :5 a few ( ! numb] add$ n a f>?+ to ! am\nt4 ,i d n wi% to hold out inducem5ts = any "o to comm5ce bee-keep+1 & end x 9 disgu/ & disappo9tm5t4 ,b ,i w\ld enc\rage all suitable p]sons to try _! skill 9 bee managem5t4 ,i say suitable p]sons1 because !re are _m1 v _m1 n qualifi$ = ! *>ge4 ,! c>eless1 inatt5tive man1 :o leaves 8 bees unnotic$ f ,octob] till ,may1 w be likely to compla9 ( ill success4 ,:oev] _c f9d "t to give 8 bees ! ne$$ c>e1 b c sp5d an h\r ea* day obta9+ gossip at ! neighborhood tav]n1 is unfit = ?is bus9ess4 ,b he :o has a home1 & f9ds 8 affections beg9n+ to be divid$ betwe5 t & 8 companions ( ! b>-room1 & wi%es to )draw 8 int]e/ f unpr(itable associates1 & yet has no?+ ( suffici5t p[] to break ! bond1 to :at c he apply ) a bett] prospect ( success1 ?an to engage 9 keep+ bees8 ,!y make ample returns = ea* little c>e4 ,pecuni>y advantages are n all t may be ga9$--a great _m po9ts conc]n+ _! natural hi/ory are yet 9 ! d>k1 & _m are disput$4 ,w\ld x n be a s\rce ( satisfaction to be able to contribute a few m facts to ?is int]e/+ subject1 add+ to ! sci5ce1 & hold+ a %>e 9 ! g5]al fund8 ,suppos+ all ! my/]ies p]ta9+ to _! economy discov]$ & elucidat$1 preclud+ all *ance ( fur!r additions1 w\ld ! /udy be dry & monoton\s8 ,on ! contr>y1 ! v]ification witness$ by ourselves w\ld be s fasc9at+ & in/ructive1 t we _c avoid pity+ ! condition ( t man :o f9ds gratification only 9 ! gross & s5sual4 ,x has be5 rem>k$1 t he :o _c f9d 9 ?is & o!r bran*es ( natural hi/ory a salut>y ex]cise = 8 m5tal faculties1 induc+ a habit ( obs]vation & reflection1 a pleasure s easily obta9$1 unalloy$ by any debas+ mixture--t5d+ to exp& & h>monize 8 m9d1 & elevate x to conceptions ( ! maje/ic1 sublime1 s]5e1 & beautiful arrangem5ts in/itut$ by ! ,god ( nature1 mu/ possess an organization sadly defici5t1 or be surr\nd$ by circum/ances inde$ lam5table4 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! /udy ( ! honey-bee z "o be/ calculat$ to awak5 ! int]e/ ( ! indiff]5t4 ,:at c arre/ ! att5tion l _! /ructure--_! dilig5ce 9 collect+ /ores = ! future--_! secretion ( wax & m\ld+ x into /ructures ) a ma!matical precision a/oni%+ ! pr(\nde/ philosoph]s--_! mat]nal & frat]nal affection 9 reg>d+ ! "m's e want1 & assidu\s c>e 9 nurs+ h] (fspr+ to maturity--_! unacc\ntable display ( in/9ct 9 em]g5cies or accid5ts1 fill+ ! behold] ) wond] & amazem5t8 ,! m9d ?us contemplat+ su* a/oni%+ op]ations1 _c well avoid look+ beyond ^! results to _! div9e ,au?or4 ,!re=e let e m9d t p]ceives "o ray ( light f nature's my/]i\s transactions1 & is capable ( receiv+ ! lea/ enjoym5t !refrom1 pursue ! pa? /ill invit+ onw>d 9 ! pursuit4 ,e new acquisition w br+ an additional satisfaction1 & assi/ 9 ! next attempt1 :i* w be comm5c$ ) a r5ew$ & con/antly increas+ ze/2 & w arise f ! contemplation a wis]1 bett]1 & a nobl] be+1 f> sup]ior to ^? :o h nev] so>$ beyond ! gratifications ( ! m]e animal1 grovell+ 9 ! d>k4 ,is !re1 9 ! :ole circle ( nature's exhau/less /oreh\se1 any "o sci5ce m invit+ ?an ?is8 ,:at m exalt+ & ref9+1 & at ! same "t mak+ a return 9 pr(its z a pecuni>y rew>d8 ,:at w\ld be ! result 9 ! aggregate ( all ! honey produc$ 9 ! fl[]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates annually8 ,suppose we e/imate ! productions ( "o acre to be "o p\nd ( honey1 :i* is b a small "p ( ! real product 9 mo/ places2 yet1 z a great _m acres are cov]$ ) wat] & =e/1#bb ?is e/imate is probably en\gh = ! av]age4 ,?is ,/ate 7,new ,york7 conta9s #dg1jjj squ>e miles2 #fdj acres 9 a squ>e mile w multiply into a little m ?an #cj1jjj1jjj1 & ea* acre produc+ its p\nd ( honey1 we h ! gr& result ( #cj1jjj1jjj lbs4 ( honey4 ,if we add ! ,/ates ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio & ,mi*igan1 we h an am\nt ( ov] #abf1jjj1jjj lbs4 ,:at x might be by includ+ all ! ,/ates1 ^? dispos$ may asc]ta94 ,en\gh = our purpose is made cle>1 & t is1 a small item only ( an enorm\s am\nt is n[ secur$4 #bb ,x %\ld n be =gott5 t =e/ trees are valuable1 especially :5 !re is basswood1 or ev5 maple4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,books ,,publi%$ ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,,saxton1 ,,agricultural ,,book ,,publi%]1 #aeb ,,fulton ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york1 ,suitable = ,s*ool1 ,t[n1 ,agricultural & ,private ,libr>ies4 99 99 99 ,,= ,,sale ,,by ,a4 ,s4 ,,b>nes ,,co41 ,corn] ( ,dut* & ,john-/reets1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 ,! ,am]ican ,f>m ,book2 ,! ,am]ican ,f>m ,book2 or1 a ,comp5d ( ,am]ican ,agriculture1 be+ a ,practical ,treatise on ,soils1 ,manures1 ,dra9+1 ,irrigation1 ,grasses1 ,gra91 ,roots1 ,fruits1 ,cotton1 ,tobacco1 ,sug>-,cane1 ,rice1 & e /aple product ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ) ! be/ me?ods ( ,plant+1 ,cultivat+1 & ,prep>ation = ,m>ket4 ,illu/rat$ by m ?an #ajj engrav+s4 ,by ,r4 ,l4 ,all54 ,am]ican ,p\ltry ,y>d2 ,! ,am]ican ,p\ltry ,y>d2 compris+ ! ,orig91 ,hi/ory & ,description ( ! diff]5t ,bre$s ( ,dome/ic ,p\ltry1 ) complete directions = _! ,bre$+1 ,cross+1 ,re>+1 ,fatt5+1 & ,prep>ation = ,m>ket2 includ+ specific directions = ,caponiz+ ,f[ls1 & = ! ,treatm5t ( ! ,pr9cipal ,diseases to :i* !y are subject2 drawn f au!ntic s\rces & p]sonal obs]vation4 ,illu/rat$ ) num]\s engrav+s4 ,by ,d4 ,j4 ,br[ne4 ,! ,diseases ( ,dome/ic ,animals2 ,be+ a ,hi/ory & ,description ( ! ,horse1 ,mule1 ,cattle1 ,%eep1 ,sw9e1 ,p\ltry1 & ,f>m ,dogs1 ) ,directions = _! ,managem5t1 ,bre$+1 ,cross+1 ,re>+1 ,fe$+1 & ,prep>ation = a pr(itable ,m>ket2 also1 _! ,diseases & ,rem$ies2 toge!r ) full ,directions = ! ,managem5t ( ! ,dairy1 & ! ,comp>ative ,economy & ,advantages ( ,work+ ,animals1 ! ,horse1 ,mule1 ,ox51 c4 ,by ,r4 ,l4 ,all54 ,am]ican ,bee ,keep]'s ,manual2 ,be+ a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,hi/ory & ,dome/ic ,economy ( ! ,honey ,bee1 embrac+ a full illu/ration ( ! :ole subject1 ) ! mo/ approv$ me?ods ( ,manag+ ?is ,insect1 ?r\gh e bran* ( its ,culture1 ! result ( _m ye>s' exp]i5ce4 ,illu/rat$ ) _m engrav+s4 ,by ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]4 ,! ,mod]n ,/air ,build]'s ,guide2 ,be+ a ,pla91 ,practical ,sy/em ( ,h& ,rail+1 embrac+ all its necess>y ,details1 & ,geometrically ,illu/rat$ by ,tw5ty-two ,/eel ,engrav+s2 toge!r ) ! ,use ( ! mo/ important ,pr9ciples ( ,practical ,geometry4 ,by ,simon ,de ,graff1 ,ar*itect4 ,prize ,essay on ,manures4 ,an ,essay on ,manures1 submitt$ to ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,massa*usetts ,society = ,promot+ ,agriculture1 = _! ,premium4 ,by ,samuel ,l4 ,dana4 ,am]ican ,bird ,fanci]4 ,consid]$ ) ref]5ce to ! ,bre$+1 ,re>+1 ,fe$+1 ,managem5t1 c1 ( ,cage & ,h\se ,birds4 ,illu/rat$ ) engrav+s4 ,by ,d4 ,j4 ,br[ne4 ,clo?1 #ej cts42 mail edition1 pap]1 #be cts4 ,am]ican ,ar*itect4 ,! ,am]ican ,ar*itect2 compris+ ,orig9al ,designs ( *eap ,c\ntry & ,village ,resid5ces1 ) ,details1 ,specifications1 ,plans1 & ,directions1 & an e/imate ( ! ,co/ ( ea* ,design ,by ,john ,w4 ,rit*1 ,ar*itect4 ,fir/ & ,second ,s]ies qu>to1 b\nd 9 #b vols41 %eep4 #f4 ,mail edition1 pap]1 #e4 ,dome/ic ,m$ic9e4 ,gunn's ,dome/ic ,m$ic9e2 or1 ,poor ,man's ,fri5d 9 ! ,h\rs ( ,affliction1 ,pa91 & ,sickness4 ,raymond's new revis$ edition1 improv$ & enl>g$ by ,john ,c4 ,gunn #hvo4 ,%eep4 #c4 ,saxton's ,am]ican ,f>m]'s ,almanac = #aheb4 ,p] #ajj1 #c4 ,family ,kit*5 ,g>d5]4 ,conta9+ ,pla9 & ,accurate descriptions ( all ! ,diff]5t ,species & ,v>ieties ( ,cul9>y ,vegetables2 ) _! ,botanical1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man names1 alphabetically arrang$1 & ! be/ mode ( cultivat+ !m 9 ! g>d51 or "u glass2 also1 ,descriptions & ,"* ( ! mo/ ,select ,fruits1 _! ,managem5t ,propagation1 c4 ,by ,rob]t ,bui/1 au?or ( ! ,am]ican ,fl[] ,g>d5 ,directory1 c41 clo? or %eep1 #ge cts42 mail edition1 pap]1 #ej cts4 ,practical ,agriculture4 ,be+ a ,treatise on ! ,g5]al ,relations :i* ,sci5ce be>s to ,agriculture ,deliv]$ be=e ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,agricultural ,society1 by ,james ,f4 ,w4 ,john/on1 ,f4,r4,s4,s4,s4 & ,k41 ,pr(essor ( ,agricultural ,*emi/ry 9 ,durham ,univ]sity1 & au?or ( ,lectures on ,agricultural ,*emi/ry1 ) ,notes & ,explanations by an ,am]ican ,f>m]4 ,clo?1 #ge cts42 mail edition1 pap]1 #ej cts4 ,elem5ts ( ,agricultural ,*emi/ry & ,geology4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,w4 ,john/on1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4 #ej cts4 ,y\att & ,m>t9 on ,cattle3 ,be+ a ,treatise on _! ,bre$s1 ,managem5t1 & ,diseases3 compris+ a full ,hi/ory ( ! ,v>i\s ,races2 _! ,orig91 ,bre$+1 & ,m]its2 _! capacity = ,beef & ,milk4 ,by ,w4 ,y\att & ,w4 ,c4 ,l4 ,m>t94 ,! :ole =m+ a complete ,guide = ! ,f>m]1 ! ,amateur1 & ! ,vet]9>y ,surgeon1 ) #ajj illu/rations4 ,edit$ by ,ambrose ,/ev5s4 #a #be4 ,y\att on ! ,horse4 ,y\att on ! ,/ructure & ,diseases ( ! ,horse1 ) _! ,rem$ies4 ,also1 ,practical ,rules = ,buy]s1 ,bre$]s1 ,break]s1 ,smi?s1 c4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,c4 ,spoon]1 ,m4,r4,c4,v4,s4 ,) an acc\nt ( ! ,bre$s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ,h5ry ,s4 ,r&all4 #a #be4 ,y\att on ,%eep3 ,_! ,bre$1 ,managem5t1 & ,diseases1 ) illu/rative engrav+s2 to :i* are add$ ,rem>ks on ! ,bre$s & ,managem5t ( ,%eep 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & on ! ,culture ( ,f9e ,wool 9 ,silesia4 ,by ,wm4 ,y\att4 #ge cts4 ,ho>e on ! ,grape ,v9e4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,cultivation ,( ! ,grape ,v9e on op5 ,walls1 ) a ,descriptive ,acc\nt ( an improv$ me?od ( ,plant+ & ,manag+ ! ,roots ( ,grape ,v9es4 ,by ,clem5t ,ho>e4 ,) an ,app5dix on ! ,cultivation ( ! same 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ej cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/3 ,be+ a ,collection ( ,orig9al ,articles on ! ,v>i\s ,subjects connect$ ) ! ,f>m1 9 t5 vols4 #hvo41 conta9+ ne>ly f\r ?\s& pages4 #aj4 ,john/on's ,agricultural ,*emi/ry4 ,lectures on ! ,application ( ,*emi/ry & ,geology to ,agriculture4 ,new edition ) an ,app5dix4 #a #be4 ,/eph5s' ,book ( ! ,f>m4 ,a ,complete ,guide to ! ,f>m]1 ,/ew>d1 ,pl[man1 ,cattleman1 ,%eph]d1 ,field-,work]1 & ,dairy ,maid4 ,by ,h5ry ,/eph5s4 ,) ,f\r ,hundr$ & ,fifty ,illu/rations2 to :i* are add$ ,explanatory ,notes1 ,rem>ks1 c41 by ,j4 ,s4 ,sk9n]4 ,really "o ( ! be/ books = a ,f>m] to possess4 ,clo?1 #d2 lea!r1 #d #ej4 ,! ,complete ,f>m] & ,am]ican ,g>d5]1 ,rural ,economi/1 & ,new ,am]ican ,g>d5]1 conta9+ a ,comp5di\s ,epitome ( ! mo/ ,important ,bran*es ( ,agricultural & ,rural ,economy2 ) ,practical ,directions on ! ,cultivation ( ,fruits & ,vegetables2 includ+ ,l&scape & ,ornam5tal ,g>d5+4 ,by ,?omas ,g4 ,fess5d5 #b vols4 9 "o4 #a #be4 ,all5's ,treatise on ! ,cultivation ( ! ,grape #a #be4 ,br&y & ,salt1 ,a ,rem$y = v>i\s ,int]nal z well z ,ext]nal ,diseases1 ,inflammation & ,local ,injuries4 ,by ,rev4 ,samuel ,f5ton4 #ab-a_/b cts4 ,s\!rn ,agriculture4 ,compris+ ,essays on ! ,cultivation ( ,corn1 ,hemp1 ,tobacco1 ,:eat1 c4 #a4 ,! ,cottage & ,f>m ,bee ,keep]3 ,a ,practical ,"w1 by a ,c\ntry ,curate4 #ej cts4 ,a ,book = ,e ,boy 9 ! ,c\ntry4 ,elem5ts ( ,agriculture4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*1 & adapt$ to ,g5]al ,use1 by ,f4 ,g4 ,sk9n]4 #be cts4 ,rural ,ar*itecture2 ,compris+ ,f>m ,h\ses1 ,cottages1 ,c>riage ,h\ses1 ,%eep & ,dove ,cotes1 ,pig]ies1 ,b>ns1 c4 c4 ,by ,lewis ,f4 ,all54 #a #be4 ,! ,am]ican ,muck ,book4 ,! ,am]ican ,muck ,book2 treat+ ( ! ,nature1 ,prop]ties1 ,s\rces1 ,hi/ory1 & ,op]ations ( all ! pr9cipal ,f]tiliz]s & ,manures 9 ,common ,use1 ) ,specific ,directions = _! ,pres]vation1 & ,application to ! ,soil & to ,crops2 drawn f ,au!ntic ,s\rces4 ,actual ,exp]i5ce1 & ,p]sonal ,obs]vation1 z ,comb9$ ) ! lead+ ,pr9ciples ( ,practical & ,sci5tific ,agriculture4 ,by ,j4 ,d4 ,br[ne4 #a #be ,y\att on ! ,pig4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,bre$s1 ,managem5t1 & ,m$ical ,treatm5t ( ,sw9e2 ) direction = ,salt+ ,pork1 ,cur+ ,bacon & ,hams4 ,by ,wm4 ,y\att1 ,r4,s4 ,illu/rat$ ) engrav+s drawn f life4 #fj cts4 ,y\att on ! ,dog4 ,by ,wm4 ,y\att1 ,spl5didly illu/rat$4 ,edit$1 ) ,additions1 by ,e4 ,j4 ,lewis1 ,m4,d4 #a #ej4 ,! ,p\ltry ,book4 ,by ,john ,c4 ,b5nett1 ,m4,d4 #hd cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,p\lt]]'s ,companion1 ,) illu/rations4 ,by ,c4 ,n4 ,bem5t4 #a4 ,am]ican ,p\ltry ,book4 ,by ,micajah ,cock4 #ch cts4 ,! ,rose ,culturi/4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on its ,cultivation & ,managem5t4 #ej cts4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,honey ,bees1 ,_! ,managem5t1 c4 ,by ,edw>d ,t[nley4 #ej cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,fruit ,book4 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,cole4 #ej cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,vet]9>ian4 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,cole4 #ej cts4 ,! ,g>d5]'s ,text ,book4 ,by ,pet] ,adam ,s*5ck4 #ej cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,g>d5]4 ,by ,william ,cobbett4 #ej cts4 ,! ,f>m]'s ,l& ,measur]4 ,by ,james ,p$d]4 #ej cts4 ,new ,engl& ,fruit ,book4 ,by ,john ,m4 ,ives4 #ef cts4 ,practical ,treatise on ,fruits1 ,adapt$ to ,new ,engl& ,culture4 ,by ,george ,jaques #ej cts4 ,f>m] & ,emigrant's ,h& ,book4 ,a ,guide to ,cle>+ ! ,=e/ & ,prairie ,l&1 c1 c4 ,by ,josiah ,t4 ,m>%all4 #a4 ,f>m]'s ,b>n ,book4 ,by ,y\att1 ,clat]1 ,sk9n] & ,mills4 #a #be4 ,h9d's ,f>ri]y & ,/ud ,book4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,s4 ,sk9n]4 #a4 ,mason's ,f>ri] & ,/ud ,book4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,s4 ,sk9n]4 #a #be4 ,/ew>t's ,/able ,economy4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,managem5t ( ,horses4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,b4 ,all54 #a4 ,sug> ,plant]'s ,manual4 ,by ,w4 ,s4 ,evans1 ,m4,d4 #a #be4 ,treatise on ,ho?\ses & ,v5tilation4 ,by ,r4 ,b4 ,suck>a4 #a #be4 ,ornam5tal & ,dome/ic ,p\ltry4 ,by ,rev4 ,edmund ,saul ,dixon1 ,a4,m4 ,) ,l>ge ,additions by ,j4 ,j4 ,k]r1 ,m4,d4 ,) illu/rations #a4 ,canfield on ,%eep1 ,_! ,bre$s ,managem5t1 ,/ructure1 & ,diseases4 ,) ,illu/rative ,engrav+s & an ,app5dix ,edit$ by ,h4 ,j4 ,canfield4 #a4 ,book ( ,fl[]s1 ,9 :i* are describ$ ! v>i\s ,h>dy ,h]bace\s ,p]5nials1 ,annuals1 ,%rubby ,plants & ,ev]gre5 ,trees desirable = ,ornam5tal ,purposes4 ,by ,jos4 ,breck4 #ge cts4 ,exp]im5tal ,rese>*es on ! ,food ( ,animals1 ,! ,fatt5+ ( ,cattle1 & ,rem>ks on ! ,food ( ,man4 ,by ,rob]t ,dundas ,?ompson1 ,m4,d4 #ge cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,fl[] ,g>d5 ,companion1 ,revis$ & enl>g$4 ,by ,edw>d ,sayres4 #ge cts4 ,! ,f>m]'s ,treasure4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,nature & ,value ( ,manures1 & ,productive ,f>m+4 ,by ,f4 ,faulkn] & ,joseph ,a4 ,smi?4 #ge cts4 ,! ,practical ,f>ri]4 ,by ,ri*>d ,mason4 #ge cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,f>ri]4 ,by ,b>num4 #ge cts4 ,pr9ciples ( ,practical ,g>d5+4 ,by ,geo4 ,w4 ,john/on1 ,esq4 #a #be4 ,bu*annan on ! ,grape4 #ej c5ts4 ,spoon] on ! ,grape4 ,! ,cultivation ( ,am]ican ,grape ,v9es1 & mak+ ( ,w9e4 ,by ,ald5 ,spoon]4 #ch cts4 ,! ,"y ,g>d5]'s ,assi/ant4 ,by ,?omas ,bridgeman4 #a #ej4 ,! ,flori/'s ,guide4 ,by ,?os4 ,bridgeman4 #ej cts4 ,! ,kit*5 ,g>d5]'s ,in/ructor4 ,by ,bridgeman4 #ej cts4 ,! ,fruit ,cultivator's ,manual4 ,by ,bridgeman4 #ej cts4 ,! ,horse1 ,its ,habits1 ,diseases & ,managem5t1 9 ! ,/able & on ! ,road1 c4 #be cts4 ,! ,fruit1 ,fl[]1 & ,kit*5 ,g>d54 ,by ,patrick ,neill1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 adapt$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #a #be4 ,ladies' ,companion to ! ,fl[] ,g>d54 ,by ,mrs4 ,l\don4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 #a #be4 ,! ,fruits & ,fruit ,trees ( ,am]ica4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 #a #ej4 ,d4 d4 d4 d4 color$4 #ae #jj4 ,diction>y ( ,mod]n ,g>d5+4 ,by ,geo4 ,w4 ,john/on4 ,edit$ by ,david ,l&re?4 #a #ej4 ,! ,rose ,fanci]'s ,manual4 ,by ,mrs4 ,gore4 #a #ej4 ,p>sons on ! ,rose4 ,! ,rose3 its ,hi/ory1 ,poetry1 ,culture1 & ,classification4 ,by ,s4 ,b4 ,p>sons4 #a #ej4 ,hovey's ,fruits ( ,am]ica4 ,conta9+ ri*ly color$ ,figures & full ,descriptions ( all ! ,*oice/ ,v>ieties cultivat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 #ab numb]s4 #ab4 ,hi/ory1 ,treatm5t & ,diseases ( ! ,horse1 ,) a ,treatise on ,draught1 & ,copi\s ,index4 #b4 ,rural ,economy1 n its ,relations ) ,*emi/ry1 ,physics1 & ,meteorology4 ,by ,j4 ,b4 ,b\ss+ault4 ,translat$1 c1 by ,george ,law4 #a4 ,liebig's ,agricultural ,*emi/ry4 ,edit$ by ,lyon ,playfair1 ,ph4,d1 ,f4,g4,s41 & ,william ,gregory1 ,m4,d41 ,p4,r4,s4,e4 #a4 ,! ,mod]n ,sy/em ( ,f>ri]y1 ,z ,practis$ at ! ,pres5t ,"t at ! ,royal ,vet]9>y ,college1 & f ,tw5ty ,ye>s' ,practice ( ! ,au?or1 ,george ,skev+ton1 ,m4,r4,v4,c4 #e4 ,ewbank's ,hydraulics3 ,a ,descriptive & ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ,hydraulic & o!r ,ma*9es = ,rais+ ,wat]4 #b #ej4 ,! ,fruit ,g>d54 ,by ,p4 ,b>ry4 #a #be4 ,! ,am]ican ,fruit ,culturi/2 ,conta9+ ,directions = ! ,culture ( ,fruit ,trees 9 ! ,nurs]y1 ,or*>d1 & ,g>d54 ,by ,john ,j4 ,?omas4 #a #be ,! ,rose ,manual4 ,by ,rob]t ,bui/4 #ge cts4 ,! ,plants ( ,bo/on & ,vic9ity4 ,by ,jacob ,bigel[1 ,m4,d41 #a #ej ,! ,indian ,meal ,book2 ,compris+ ! be/ ,receipts = ! ,prep>ation ( t ,article4 ,by ,miss ,leslie4 #be cts4 ,! ,horse's ,foot1 ,& ,h[ to ,keep x ,s\nd4 ,by ,william ,miles4 #be cts4 ,cate*ism ( ,agricultural ,*emi/ry & ,geology4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,w4 ,john/on4 #be cts4 ,*emi/ry ,appli$ to ,agriculture4 ,by ,le ,c\nt ,*aptal4 #ej cts4 ,briti% ,husb&ry4 ,?ree ,vols4 & ,supplem5t4 #e4 ,l\don's ,arboretum4 ,eight ,vols4 #be4 ,l\don on ,g>d5+4 ,l\don's ,encyclop$ia ( ,g>d5+4 #aj ,l\don on ,agriculture4 ,l\don's ,encyclop$ia ( ,agriculture4 #aj4 ,l\don on ,trees1 c4 ,l\don's ,encyclop$ia ( ,trees1 ,%rub1 c4 ,l\don on ,plants1 c4 ,l\don's ,encyclop$ia ( ,plants1 c4 ,! ,f>m]'s ,libr>y4 ,two vols4 #hvo4 ,engli%4 #e4 ,! ,f>m]'s ,diction>y4 ,by ,d4 ,p4 ,g>dn]4 #a #ej4 ,practical ,treatise on ! ,grape ,v9e4 ,by ,j4 ,fisk ,all54 ,bo>ds1 #a4 ,practical ,treatise on ! ,vet]9>y ,art4 ,by ,j4 ,bridd54 #ge cts4 ,%eep ,husb&ry4 ,by ,h5ry ,s4 ,r&all4 #a #ej4 ,agricultural ,*emi/ry4 ,by ,ju/us ,liebig4 ,clo?1 #a2 *eap edition1 #be cts4 ,animal ,*emi/ry4 ,by ,j4 ,liebig4 ,clo?1 #ej cts42 *eap ed4 pap]1 #be cts4 ,liebig's ,complete ,works1 ,9 "o vol4 #hvo4 #a4 ,cottage & ,f>m ,h\ses4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 #b4 ,c\ntry ,h\ses4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 #d4 ,sportsman's ,libr>y4 ,by ,t4 ,b4 ,johnson4 ,engli% edition4 #e4 ,l&scape ,g>d5+4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 #c #ej4 ,cottage ,resid5ces4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 #b4 ,*aptal's ,agricultural ,*emi/ry1 ,) ,notes4 #a4 ,am]ican ,husb&ry4 ,by ,gaylord & ,tuck]4 #a4 ,g>d5]s ,diction>y4 ,by ,geo4 ,don1 ,f4,l4,s4 #d vols41 qu>to1 #aj4 ,j\rnal ( ,agriculture4 ,edit$ by ,john ,s4 ,sk9n]4 #c vols4 #f4 ,d[n+'s ,horticulturi/4 ,half morocco4 ,p] ,vol4 ye>ly ,vols4 #c #ge4 ,d4 d4 half ye>ly #b #jj4 ,! ,complete ,produce ,reckon]1 ,%[+ ! ,value by ,p\nd or ,bu%el4 ,by ,r4 ,robb9s4 #ge cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,%eph]d4 ,by ,l4 ,a4 ,morrill4 #a4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,agriculture4 ,by ,alb]t ,d4 ,?a]4 #b #ej4 ,lectures to ,f>m]s on ,agricultural ,*emi/ry4 ,by ,alex&] ,petzholdts4 #ge cts4 ,! ,complete ,f>ri]4 ,by ,john ,c4 ,kn[lson4 #be cts4 ,! ,complete ,c[ ,doctor4 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,kn[lson4 #ae cts4 ,mil* ,c[s4 ,by ,gu5on4 #ch cts4 ,a ,home = ,all2 ,or a ,new1 ,*eap1 & ,sup]ior mode ( ,build+1 ,by ,o4 ,s4 ,f[l]4 #ej cts4 ,! ,p\ltry ,bre$]4 ,by ,george ,f4 ,burnham4 #be cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,f[l ,bre$]4 #be cts4 ,! ,f>m]'s ,companion4 ,by ,judge ,buel4 #ge cts4 ,! ,f>m]'s ,in/ructor4 ,by ,judge ,buel4 #a4 ,european ,agriculture1 ,f ,p]sonal ,obs]vation4 ,by ,h5ry ,coleman4 #b vols4 #e #jj4 ,d4 d4 d4 #a vol4 #d #jj4 ,! ,g>d5] & ,flori/4 #be cts4 ,! ,honey ,bee4 ,by ,bevan4 #ca cts4 ,elem5ts ( ,practical ,agriculture4 ,by ,john ,p4 ,norton4 #ej cts4 ,rog]s' ,sci5tific ,agriculture4 #ge cts4 ,mills' ,sportsman's ,libr>y4 #a4 ,/able ,talk & ,table ,talk4 #a4 ,hawk] & ,port] on ,%oot+4 #b #ge4 ,field ,sports4 ,by ,frank ,=re/]4 #b vols4 #d ,fi% & ,fi%+4 ,by ,frank ,=re/]4 #b #ej4 ,! ,am]ican ,angl]'s ,guide4 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,br[n4 #a #ej4 ,johnson's ,f>m]'s ,encyclop$ia4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,em]son1 ,m4,d4 #d4 ,sci5tific & ,practical ,agriculture4 ,by ,alonzo ,gray4 #ge cts4 ,!ory & ,practice ( ,agriculture4 ,by ,a4 ,p>tridge4 #ab cts4 ,arm/rong on ,agriculture4 #ej cts4 ,hovey's ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture4 ,publi%$ mon?ly4 ,p] annum #b ,d[n+' ,horticulturi/4 ,publi%$ mon?ly4 ,p] annum #c ,gilp9's ,l&scape ,g>d5+4 ,engli% edition4 #b #ej4 ,! ,g>d5]'s ,cal5d>4 ,by ,m4 ,mahon4 #c #ej4 ,agriculture = ,s*ools4 ,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,l4 ,blake1 ,d4,d4 #a4 ,text ,book ( ,agriculture4 ,by ,davis4 #ej cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,agriculturi/ & ,f>m]'s ,cab9et4 ,publi%$ mon?ly4 ,p] annum #a4 ,weeks on ! ,honey ,bee4 ,cottages & ,cottage ,life4 ,by ,elliott4 #b #be4 ,*emical ,analysis4 ,by ,fres9us & ,bullock4 #a4 ,appli$ ,*emi/ry4 ,by ,a4 ,p>nell4 #a4 ,! ,vegetable ,k+dom1 ,or ,h&book ( ,plants4 ,by ,l4 ,d4 ,*ap94 #a #be4 ,! ,muck ,manual4 ,a new edition4 ,by ,samuel ,l4 ,dana4 #a4 ,y\att on ! ,horse4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,s4 ,sk9n]4 #a #ej4 ,clat]'s ,f>ri]4 #ej cts4 ,! ,dog & ,sportsman4 ,by ,j4 ,s4 ,sk9n]4 #ej cts4 ,! ,bird ,keep]'s ,manual4 #ej cts4 ,! ,am]ican ,h]d ,book4 ,by ,lewis ,f4 ,all54 ,! ,am]ican ,or*>di/4 ,by ,j4 ,k5rick4 #ge cts4 ,blacklock's ,treatise on ,%eep4 #ej cts4 ,guide to ! ,or*>d & ,fruit ,g>d54 ,by ,g4 ,l9dley4 #a #ej4 ,! ,trees ( ,am]ica4 ,by ,d4 ,j4 ,br[n4 #d #ej4 ,am]ican ,fl[] ,g>d5 ,directory4 ,by ,rob]t ,bui/4 #a #be4 ,! ,am]ican ,cattle ,doctor4 ,by ,g4 ,h4 ,dodd4 #a vol4 #a4 ,maury's ,navigation4 ,a ,new ,!oretical & ,practical ,treatise on ,navigation1 9 :i* ! ,auxili>y ,bran*es ( ,ma!matics & ,a/ronomy are treat$ (1 & ! ,!ory & mo/ simple ,me?ods ( ,f9d+ ,"t1 ,latitude1 & ,longitude1 by ,*ronomet]s1 ,lun> ,obs]vations1 ,s+le & ,d\ble ,altitudes1 are taught4 ,?ird edition1 enl>g$ & improv$4 ,by ,m4 ,f4 ,maury1 ,lieut4 ,u4,s4 ,navy4 #hvo4 %eep1 libr>y /yle4 #c #ej4 ,works ( ,?omas ,dick4 ,! ,works ( ,?omas ,dick1 ,,ll4,d4 #aj vols41 9 #e1 #abmo4 ,embelli%$ by a ,portrait ( ! ,au?or1 f an engrav+ on /eel1 & illu/rat$ by woodcuts repres5t+ m ?an #ejj diff]5t objects4 ,neat half musl9 b9d+1 #c #be2 morocco backs1 #d4 ,comp5dium ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,a ,comp5dium ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 *ronologically arrang$1 f ,sir ,john ,m&eville 7#ad? c5tury7 to ,william ,c[p] 7close ( ! #ah? c5tury72 consi/+ ( ,biographical ,sket*es ( ! ,au?ors1 *oice selections f _! works2 ) ,notes explanatory & illu/rative1 & direct+ to ! be/ editions1 & to v>i\s criticisms4 ,design$ z a text-book to ! high] classes 9 ,s*ools & ,academies1 z well z = private read+4 ,by ,*>les ,d4 ,clevel&4 #a #ej4 ,an ,elem5t>y ,treatise on ,/atics4 ,by ,gasp>d ,monge4 ,) a ,biographical ,notice ( ! ,au?or4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,woods ,bak]1 ,a4,m41 ( ! ,u4,s4 ,coa/ ,survey4 #a #be4 ,h>rison on ! ,engli% ,language4 ,! ,rise1 ,progress & pres5t ,/ructure ( ! ,engli% ,language1 by ! ,rev4 ,mat!w ,h>rison1 ,a4,m41 ,rector ( ,*ur* ,oakley1 ,hants4 & ,late ,fell[ ( ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d4 #a4 ,! ,progressive ,f>m]4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,na%4 #ej c5ts4 ,! ,am]ican ,flori/'s ,guide4 #ge c5ts4 ,agricultural ,dynamics4 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,?omas4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,bee-,,keep]',s ,,manual4 ,,by ,t4 ,b4 ,,m9]4 #cej pp4 #abmo4 #ce ,,engrav+s4 ,,price #a4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,c4 ,m4 ,,saxton1 #aeb ,,fulton ,,/41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 ,,op9ions ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,! mo/ complete "w on ! ,bee & ,bee-keep+ we h yet se54--,n4,y4 ,tribune4 ,mr4 ,m9] has h&l$ ?is subject 9 a ma/]ly mann]4--,n4,y4 ,true ,sun4 ,he has writt5 a "w ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ int]e/4--,n4,y4 ,sunday ,dispat*4 ,x w int]e/ ! g5]al read]4 ,x is inde$ a *>m+ volume4--,comm]cial ,adv]tis]4 ,?is is a truly valuable "w1 & v int]e/+4--,morn+ ,/>4 ,x is decid$ly ! be/ "w we h ev] se54--,bo/on ,daily ,mail4 ,mr4 ,m9] has p]=m$ 8 task ) signal ability4--,sci5tific ,am]ican4 ,x does high cr$it to ! obs]vation & intellig5ce ( ! au?or4--,*ri/ian ,intellig5c]4 ,?is is ! mo/ compreh5sive & valuable "w on ! ,honey-bee t has ev] come "u our notice4--,j\rnal ( ,comm]ce4 ,to appreciate ! value ( ! honey-bee "o mu/ get ?is book & read x att5tively4--,noah's ,mess5g]4 ,we l x = its indep5d5t tone1 & ! am\nt ( practical in=mation t x conta9s4--,lit]>y ,_w4 ,we h be5 greatly edifi$ & ent]ta9$ by ?is book1 f :i* ! read] w collect a great deal ( excell5t in=mation4--,! ,indep5d5t4 ,?is is probably ! mo/ complete manual ( ! k9d ev] publi%$4 ,x w ri*ly repay ! g5]al read]1 too1 by ! v>iety ( int]e/+ facts x conta9s4--,bo/on ,travell]4 ,x is a mo/ excell5t & useful treatise1 & happily supplies a vacuum t _h long exi/$4--,bo/on ,times4 ,?is volume has all ! *>m ( a romance & admirably displays ! habits ( ?is insect4--,organ4 ,?is volume is :at x pret5ds to be1 7m ?an c be said ( _m works7 & all :o want a full & ?or\gh hi/ory ( ! nature & managem5t ( ! bee %\ld h x 9 _! possession4--,sci5tific ,am]ican4 ,x is neatly pr9t$1 well illu/rat$ & cle>ly writt5 & conta9s a great deal ( practical in=mation4--,mirror4 ,?is "w probably conta9s bett] in/ructions 9 reg>d to bees ?an any :i* h ev] appe>$4--,sun4 ,! practical directions are ! result ( evid5t exp]i5ce1 & be+ pla9ly & concisely /at$1 are excell5t1 ,x is s mu* bett] ?an c be obta9$ else:]e t we comm5d x to favor4--,n4,y4 ,evangeli/4 ,x is an excell5t book & ! be/ publi%$ on ! subject4--,bo/on ,olive ,bran*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,illu/rat$ ,,treatise ,,on ,,dome/ic ,,animals1 ,be+ a hi/ory & description ( ! ,horse1 ,mule1 ,cattle1 ,%eep ,sw9e1 ,p\ltry1 & ,f>m ,dogs2 ) ,directions = _! ,managem5t1 ,bre$+1 ,cross+1 ,re>+1 ,fe$+1 & prep>ation = a pr(itable m>ket4 ,also1 _! ,diseases & ,rem$ies2 toge!r ) ,full ,directions = ! ,managem5t ( ! ,dairy1 & ! ,comp>ative ,economy & ,advantages ( ,work+ ,animals1 ! ,horse1 ,mule1 ,ox51 c41 by ,r4 ,l4 ,,all51 ,au?or ( ,comp5d ( ,am]ican ,agriculture c4 ,! above "w conta9s m ?an #dj ,engrav+s & ,portraits ( ,improv$ ,animals illu/rative ( ! diff]5t bre$s & v>i\s subjects treat$ 9 x4 ,! mo/ m9ute z well z g5]al pr9ciples = ,bre$+1 ,cross+1 ,re>+1 ,fe$+1 & ,managem5t ( all ,dome/ic ,animals1 are h]e9 giv51 to produce ! utmo/ m>ketable value = ! food & att5tion be/[$ on !m2 z well z to prev5t disease1 & save ! imm5se losses :i* annually occur f ?is s\rce4 ,x c be s5t by ,mail1 9 ,clo? ,b9d+1 = #ge ,c5ts--,pap]1 #ej ,c5ts4 ,publi%$ by ,c4 ,m4 ,,saxton1 #aeb ,fulton ,/4 ,new ,york4 ,= sale by all ! ,booksell]s ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,ag5ts want$ = e c\nty 9 e /ate4 ,address1 po/ paid1 ! ,publi%]4 ,,op9ions ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,! ,compactness yet complet5ess w make x a favorite ) agriculturi/s4--,*ronicle1 ,philadelphia4 ,its greate/ wor? is1 z a complete f>ri]1 %[+ ! diseases ( animals1 _! treatm5t1 & cure4--,f>4 ,mec4 ,! portion :i* relates to ! dairy alone1 is wor? ! co/ ( ! book4--,worce/] ,transcript4 ,x is e way adapt$ to be s]viceable 9 e h\sehold :i* has dome/ic animals4--,d4 ,adv42 ,new>k4 ,we believe x a complete guide = ! f>m] & dairyman 9 ! pur*ase1 c>e1 & use ( animals4--,jeff]sonian4 ,"h is a "w :i* %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e f>m]4--,highl& ,c\ri]4 ,we c confid5tly recomm5d ?is "w z a v in/ructive "o to ^? engag$ 9 f>m+1 rais+ /ock1 or husb&ry4--,nor?ampton ,c\ri]4 ,! au?or is a practical f>m] & /ockbre$]1 & is able to v\* = ! correctness ( ! rem$ies = diseases ( ,dome/ic ,animals1 z well z ! be/ mode ( manag+ !m4--,huron1 ,o4 ,reflector4 ,x co/s b sev5ty-five c5ts1 & _c fail to be wor? t5 times t am\nt to any f>m]4--,summit ,s4,c4 ,beacon4 ,x is ! be/ ( t "* we h yet se52 no f>m] %\ld be )\t x--,democrat1 ,c>lisle1 ,pa4 ,?is is j su* a book z e own] ( /ock %\ld be possess$ (4--,ea/on ,md4 ,/>4 ,"h is a book :i* all--^? :o foll[ ! pl[1 & ^? :o direct x--c read to pr(it4 ,x is a libr>y ( k1 pres5t+ ! late/ improvem5ts & discov]ies1 on all ! topics treat$ (2 & illu/rat$ by a great v>iety ( cuts4 ,! ,all5s1 "o ( :om is ! au?or ( ! "w be=e u1 are q fam\s 9 _! especial role1 s t :at proce$s f !m may be confid5tly cr$it$ at all ev5ts4 ,! pres5t book is a mo/ int]e/+ & in/ructive "o1 & mu/ meet ) a great sale4--,sciota ,gazette4 ,?is "w1 to ! f>m] & /ock rais]1 w be useful1 in/ructive1 & pr(itable1 enabl+ !m to improve ! bre$ ( _! /ock1 pres]ve !m f sickness1 & cure !m :5 infect$ ) disease4--,h]ald1 ,morrisville1 ,pa4 ,! "t has gone by :5 f>m]s c expect to succe$ )\t giv+ "s att5tion to ,book ,f>m+1 & we tru/ !y beg9 to see x = !mselves4 ,we %\ld l to he> t ?is "w 0 9 ! h&s ( e f>m] 9 ! c\nty4--,m]cury1 ,potsdam1 ,n4,y4 ,! title page ( ?is "w gives a good idea ( its scope & int5t4 ,x is a compreh5sive summ>y ( f>m op]ations1 & w prove v acceptable to ! great mass ( our f>m+ population4 ,we are in=m$ t #c1jjj copies ( ?is "w h be5 sold s9ce ! fir/ ( ,janu>y4 ,x is well pr9t$ & pr(usely illu/rat$--,n4,y4 ,tribune4 ,x is furni%$ ) num]\s illu/rat+ cuts1 & w =m a complete vade mecum = ,! agriculturi/1 conv5i5t = ref]5ce1 & to be reli$ on :5 consult$---,baltimore ,am]ican4 ,?is is a practical book by a practical man1 & w s]ve ext5sive practical ends4 ,x is a companion :i* e f>m] w feel t he _c well be )\t4--,n4,y4 ,obs]v]4 ,we *e]fully recomm5d ?is "w to f>m]s4--,signal1 ,juliett1 ,ill4 ,we anticipate an ext5sive sale = ?is "w--,ohio ,cultivator4 ,?is "w ought to be 9 ! h&s ( e plant]4--,n4,o4 ,delta4 ,! au?or is a g5tleman ( f9e atta9m5ts1 & :o ranks z "o ( ! mo/ accompli%$ writ]s on agricultural subjects 9 ! c\ntry4--,ala4 ,plant]4 ,_m a valuable animal is lo/1 e ye>1 = want ( ! k "h convey$4--,eagle ,brattleboro1 ,vt4 ,! au?or 7,mr4 ,all571 is a practical man1 & ev]y?+ f 8 p51 on subjects connect$ ) agriculture & cattle bre$+1 is valuable to ^? :o pref] matt] ( fact to m]e !ory--,ma9e ,f>m]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,publi%$ by ,c4 ,m4 ,saxton4 99 99 99 ,,am]ican ,,muck ,,book1 ,treat+ ( ! ,nature1 ,prop]ties1 ,s\rces1 ,op]ations1 c4 ,,( ,,all ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,f]tiliz]s ,,& ,,manures ,,9 ,,common ,,use1 ,,) ,,specific ,,directions ,,= ,,_! ,,prep>ation1 ,,pres]vation1 ,,& ,,application to ,soil & ,crops2 ) ! lead+ pr9ciples ( ,practical & ,sci5tific ,agriculture1 c41 c4 ,by ,d4 ,j4 ,br[ne4 #dbj pp4 #abmo4 price #a4 99 99 99 ,op9ions ( ! ,press4 ,! ,muck ,book conta9s a great deal ( valuable matt]4 ,?is has be5 drawn f a l>ge numb] ( ! be/ au?orities on ! subjects indicat$ 9 ! title2 ! num]\s analyses ( plants & manures are p>ticul>ly valuable1 & are n to be f\nd 9 any o!r s+le treatise4 ,^? :o wi% to advance t[>ds p]fection 9 ! sav+1 manufactur+1 & judg+ ( ! comp>ative value ( manures1 & 9 apply+ !m ) ! lea/ possible wa/e to crops1 w f9d 9 ?is book a va/ magaz9e ( sugge/ions & advice1 wor? _m times its co/ & ! labor ( p]usal4--,albany ,cultivator4 ,! title ',muck ,book' inadequately describes ! "* ( ! "w2 = x treats ( all k9ds ( f]tiliz]s1 animal1 vegetable & m9]al1 & 9 a /yle to in/ruct )\t p]plex+4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! v>i\s manures op]ate1 & ! means :]eby any requir$ defici5cy 9 ! soil c be suppli$1 are pla9ly giv52 & none ne$ wa/e a horn-pi? or an old %oe1 z _m d1 = want ( k h[ to turn x to advantage4 ,we recomm5d ! "w to intellig5t & inquir+ f>m]s1 :o desire to make ev]y?+ tell 9 ! manure heap1 & :o w\ld keep _! soil 9 good he>t4--,j\rnal ( ,agriculture4 ,f an att5tive exam9ation ( ! pages ( ?is book1 ,i h come to ! conclusion t x is "o ( ! be/ works extant1 on ! pr9ciples ( sci5tific agriculture1 & ! be/ comp5dium ( our mo/ rec5t k ( ! nature ( manures & _! adaptation to p>ticul> soils & crops4--,n4,e4 ,f>m]4 ,mr4 ,br[ne 01 we believe1 br$ & educat$ a practical f>m] himself1 & hav+ a g5]al k ( geology1 *emi/ry1 c41 & ext5sive p]sonal k ( f>m+1 g>d5+1 c1 9 almo/ e soil & climate1 hav+ be5 = five ye>s a travell] & resid5t 9 ,am]ica1 ,europe1 ,we/]n ,africa1 & ! ,we/ ,indies1 8 obs]vation & exp]i5ce comb9$1 w\ld r5d] him em95tly qualifi$ = ! task4 ,?is he has accompli%$ ) cr$it to himself1 & no d\bt ! result w prove x highly advantage\s to ! f>m+ community4 ,x is j su* a "w z is ne$$ by e agriculturi/1 & ! v neat & excell5t /yle 9 :i* ! ent]pris+ publi%] has issu$ x1 w we are v sure comm5d x to e fri5d ( ! f>m+ int]e/ 9 ! c\ntry4--,n4,y4 ,f>m] & ,me*anic4 ,?is is a well-writt5 "w ( ov] f\r hundr$ pages1 pr9t$ & b\nd 9 ! usual h&some & p]man5t /yle ( ,mr4 ,saxton4 ,! importance to e f>m] & horticulturi/ ( ! great subject ( :i* x treats _c fail to make ?is "w invaluable to ! libr>y ( e man :o tills ! soil4 ,"o feature ( ?is "w :i* pleases u1 & :i* w make x univ]sally acceptable is1 t ! subjects are treat$ 9 su* a mann] z to be easily und]/ood by ! 'work+ f>m]1' :o kn[s little or no?+ ( *emical sci5ce & le>n$ te*nicalities4 ,) su* a "w z ?is 9 8 h&s1 ! f>m] is enabl$ to reclaim 8 l&s1 impov]i%$ by 8 own or 8 ance/ors' mismanagem5t1 & realize abundant crops :]e no?+ w\ld gr[ to rew>d 8 toil 9 ! ord9>y mode ( culture4--,phr5ological ,j\rnal4 ,! foll[+ is f4 ,dr4 ,c4 ,t4 ,jackson1 ( ,bo/on1 ! be/ ,agricultural ,*emi/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,,bo/on1 ,,novemb] #f?1 #ahea4 ,,de> ,,sir3 ,i h ! pleasure ( ackn[l$g+ ! receipt ( a copy ( ! ,am]ican ,muck ,book1 rec5tly publi%$ by y1 & edit$ by ,mr4 ,d4 ,jay ,br[ne4 ,f an att5tive exam9ation ( ! pages ( ?is book1 ,i h come to ! conclusion t x is "o ( ! be/ works extant1 on ! pr9ciples ( sci5tific agriculture1 & ! be/ comp5dium ( our mo/ rec5t k ( ! nature ( manures & _! adaptation to p>ticul> soils & crops4 ,x _c be expect$ t a s+le volume c\ld possibly conta9 ! :ole sum ( *emical k applicable to ! sci5ce ( agriculture2 b1 on look+ ov] ! closely-pr9t$ & compact tables ( analyses1 & ! abundant =mulas1 :i* ?is publication conta9s1 ,i c\ld n fail to be surpris$ at ! indu/ry manife/$ 9 prep>+ x4 ,i 0 also gratifi$ to f9d x s well adapt$ to ! ,am]ican sy/em ( husb&ry1 & s practical1 9 its "*4 ,its copi\s & accurate index adds n a little to its value4 ,i %all c]ta9ly recomm5d x to my agricultural fri5ds z a v useful book1 & "o necess>y to e sci5tific f>m]4 ,i am1 respectfully1 y\r ob't s]vant1 ,,*>les ,t4 ,,jackson1 ,/ate ,assayi/1 c41 c4 ,to ,c4 ,m4 ,,saxton1 ,esq41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,f>m ,,book1 ,,or ,,comp5d ,,( ,,am]ican ,,agriculture ,,conta9+ ,a ,,concise ,,& ,,pla9ly-,,writt5 ,,exposition ,,( ,,duties ,,p]ta9+ ,,to ,,! ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! ,,e>?1 ,,! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,f>m1 ,c41 ,c41 ,,on ,,practical ,,sci5tific ,,pr9ciples4 ,,by ,r4 ,l4 ,,all54 ,! *eape/ & mo/ valuable book = a f>m] ev] pr9t$2 be+ a complete guide1 bo? practical & sci5tific1 = ! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,f>m4 99 99 99 ,besides ! v>i$ practical k :i* ?is book imp>ts1 & :i* is indisp5sable to ! prop] managem5t ( e dep>tm5t ( agriculture1 x gives ! elem5ts ( o!r in=mation highly necess>y to a successful f>m]1 z ,hi/ory1 ,geology1 ,*emi/ry1 ,botany1 ,physiology1 & ,me*anics4 ,^! bran*es ( k are giv5 z applicable to agricultural pursuits1 & :5 prop]ly und]/ood w ess5tially aid & assi/ ! f>m]4 ,9 fact1 a k ( ^! sci5ces is a sure key to weal? = any agriculturi/4 ,x gives ! modes ( prep>ation1 & ! effects ( all k9ds ( manures2 ! orig91 texture1 divisions1 & description ( e v>iety ( soil2 ! economy ( s[+1 reap+1 & m[+1 irrigation1 & dra9+2 cultivation ( ! grasses1 clov]s1 gra9s1 & roots2 ,s\!rn & miscellane\s products1 z cotton1 hemp1 flax1 ! sug> cane1 rice1 tobacco1 hops1 madd]1 woad1 c42 ! re>+ ( fruit--apples1 pe>s1 pea*es1 plums1 grapes1 c42 f>m build+s1 h$ges1 c42 ) ! be/ me?ods ( plant+1 cultivat+1 & prep>ation = m>ket4 ,illu/rat$ by #ajj engrav+s4 ,! read] c =m "s idea ( ! above "w1 f ! fact t x treats ( #hjj diff]5t subjects important to a f>m]4 ,x conta9s #ced pages1 & is beautifully b\nd 9 clo?1 suitable = a libr>y4 ,price only ,"o ,doll>4 ,,notices ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,! au?or has be5 "o ( ! mo/ able contributors to ! agricultural press = ! la/ t5 ye>s2 aside f ?is1 he is a practical f>m] & /ock-bre$]1 & consequ5tly kn[s f 8 own exp]i5ce :at he is writ+ ab\t4--,comm]cial ,adv]tis]4 ,?is "w is by a g5tleman ( kn[n exp]i5ce2 ! "w is exce$+ly *eap1 & ! f>m] w f9d x a valuable book ( ref]5ce4--,n4,y4 ,express4 ,x is 9 fact a brief encyclop$ia on ! subjects treat$1 & ! f>m] w f9d appropriate ,in=mation on almo/ any subject com+ )9 8 rea*4--,n4,y4 ,obs]v]4 ,"h is a book = ! million1 precisely :at its title indicates4 ,compass$ )9 its pages1 ! read] w f9d ! subject ( soils1 manures1 crops1 & animals1 treat$ 9 a /yle easily compreh5d$4--,n4,y4 ,_s ( ! ,times4 ,?is "w is :at might be expect$ f "o s well qualifi$ = ! und]tak+4--,bo/on ,cultivator4 ,:y %all n e good f>m] economise 8 muscles by /or+ 8 m9d8 ,we hope ?is book w f9d its way into _m family & s*ool libr>ies4--,n4,y4 ,tribune4 ,we ?9k t ,mr4 ,all5's volume1 ! basis ( :i* is good practical f>m+1 z practis$ by ! be/ cultivators 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) an intellig5t ref]5ce to ^? pr9ciples ( sci5ce :i* lie at ! root ( all successful practice1 is likely to be ( z muck or m real s]vice to u1 ?an any "w on agriculture yet issu$ f ! press1 & we gladly comm5d x to ! p]usal ( e "o ( our read]s engag$ 9 ! cultivation ( ! l&4--,horticulturi/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,family ,,kit*5 ,,g>d5]2 ,,conta9+ ,,pla9 ,,& ,,accurate ,,descriptions ,,( ,,all ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,species ,,& ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,cul9>y ,,vegetables3 ,,by ,,rob]t ,,bui/1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,fl[]-,,g>d5 ,,directory1 ,,rose ,,manual1 ,,etc4 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,c4 ,m4 ,,saxton1 #aeb ,,fulton ,,/reet1 ,,also1 ,,/r+] ,,t[ns5d1 ,h4 ,,long ,,bro!r1 ,w4 ,f4 ,,burgess1 ,,dewitt ,,dav5port1 ,,wilson ,,co41 ,,dext] ,,bro!r1 ,,bo/on3 ,,r$d+ ,,co4 ,,philadelphia3 ,w4 ,b4 ,,zimm]1 ,,l9dsay ,,blaki/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,bird ,,fanci]2 ,,consid]$ ,,) ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,,bre$+1 ,,re>+1 ,,fe$+1 ,,managem5t1 ,,& ,,peculi>ities ,,( ,,cage ,,& ,,h\se ,,birds4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,engrav+s ,,by ,d4 ,j4 ,,br[ne1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,sylva ,,am]icana1 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,p\ltry ,,y>d1 ,,etc4 ,,new ,,york3 ,c4 ,m4 ,,saxton1 #aeb ,,fulton ,,/reet4 ,,also1 ,,/r+] ,,t[ns5d1 ,h4 ,,long ,,bro!r1 ,w4 ,f4 ,,burgess1 ,,dewitt ,,dav5port1 ,,wilson ,,co41 ,,dext] ,,bro!r ,,philadelphia3 ,w4 ,b4 ,,zieb]1 ,,l9dsay ,,blaki/on4 ,,bo/on3 ,,r$d+ ,,co4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,,g5]al ,,relations ,,:i* ,,sci5ce ,,be>s ,,to ,,practical ,,agriculture1 ,,deliv]$ ,,be=e ,,! ,,new-,,york ,,/ate ,,agricultural ,,society4 ,,by ,,james ,f4 ,w4 ,,john/on1 ,f4,r4,s4,s4 ,l4 ,e4 ,,) ,,notes ,,& ,,additions 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,c4 ,m4 ,,saxton1 ,,agricultural ,,booksell]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,manures1 ,,submitt$ ,,to ,,! ,,tru/ees ,,( ,,! ,,massa*usetts ,,society ,,= ,,promot+ ,,agriculture1 ,,= ,,_! ,,premium4 ,,by ,,samuel ,l4 ,,dana4 ,f ! ,new ,york ,obs]v]3 ,,essay ,,on ,,manures4 ,by ,,samuel ,l4 ,,dana ,?is ,essay conta9s mu* useful in=mation = ! practical f>m]1 9 a small compass1 9 ref]5ce to ! nature & managem5t ( manures imm$iately "u 8 control2 ! k & practice ( :i* w amply comp5sate = ! exp5se ( asc]ta9+ its value4 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,c4 ,m4 ,,saxton1 #aeb ,,fulton ,,/reet4 ,,also1 ,,/r+] ,,t[ns5d1 ,h4 ,,long ,,bro!r1 ,w4 ,f4 ,,burgess1 ,,dewitt ,,dav5port1 ,,wilson ,,co41 ,,dext] ,,bro!r4 ,,bo/on3 ,,r$d+ ,,co4 ,,philadelphia3 ,w4 ,b4 ,,zieb]1 ,,l9dsay ,,blaki/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! ,,grape ,,v9e ,,on ,,op5 ,,walls4 ,,) ,a ,,descriptive ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,an ,,improv$ ,,me?od ,,( ,,plant+ ,,& ,,manag+ ,,! ,,roots ,,( ,,grape ,,v9es4 ,,by ,,clem5t ,,ho>e ,,to ,,:i* ,,is ,,add$1 ,,an ,,app5dix1 ,,conta9+ ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,! ,,grape ,,v9e ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,c4 ,m4 ,,saxton1 #aeb ,,fulton ,,/reet4