,,god ,,! ,,kn[n ,,& ,,god ,,! ,,unkn[n 
,by ,samuel ,butl]     ,prefatory ,note 
,,god ! ,kn[n & ,god ! ,unkn[n fir/     
appe>$ 9 ! =m ( a s]ies ( articles :i* 7
 publi%$ 9 ,! ,exam9] 9 ,may1 ,june1 &  
,july1 #ahgi4 ,samuel ,butl] subsequ5tly
 revis$ ! text ( 8 "w1 presumably ) !   
int5tion ( republi%+ x1 ?\gh he nev]    
c>ri$ ! int5tion into effect4 ,9 !      
pres5t edition ,i h foll[$ 8 revis$     
v]sion almo/ )\t deviation4 ,i h1 h[ev]1
 reta9$ a few passages :i* ,butl]       
propos$ to omit1 p>tly because !y appe> 
to me to r5d] ! c\rse ( 8 argum5t cle>]1
 & p>tly because !y conta9 *>act]i/ic   
?\ghts & expressions ( :i* none ( 8     
admir]s w\ld wi% to be depriv$4 ,9 ! li/
 ( ,butl]'s works ,god ! ,kn[n & ,god ! 
,unkn[n foll[s ,life & ,habit1 :i*      
appe>$ 9 #ahgg1 & ,evolution1 ,old &    
,new1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ,may1 #ahgi4 ,x is
 sc>cely necess>y to po9t out t ! ?ree  
works are closely ak9 9 subject &       
treatm5t1 & t ,god ! ,kn[n & ,god !     
,unkn[n w ga9 9 int]e/ by be+ consid]$ 9

 relation to its pr$ecessors4  ,r4 ,a4  
,,/reatfeild     ,,god ,,! ,,kn[n ,,&   
,,god ,,! ,,unkn[n    ,,*apt] ,i4       
,,introduction  ,,mank9d has ev] be5    
ready to discuss matt]s 9 ! inv]se ratio
 ( _! importance1 s t ! m closely a "q  
is felt to t\* ! he>ts ( all ( u1 ! m   
incumb5t x is consid]$ ^u prud5t p to   
pr(ess t x does n exi/1 to fr[n x d[n1  
to tell x to hold its tongue1 to ma9ta9 
t x has long be5 f9ally settl$1 s t !re 
is n[ no "q conc]n+ x4  ,s f>1 inde$1   
has ?is be5 c>ri$ ?r\gh all "t pa/ t !  
actions :i* are mo/ important to u1 su* 
z our passage ?r\gh ! embryonic /ages1 !
 circulation ( our blood1 our           
respiration1 etc4 etc41 h long be5      
=mulat$ beyond all p[] ( reop5+ "q      
conc]n+ !m--! m]e fact or mann] ( _! be+
 done at all be+ rank$ among ! great    
discov]ies ( rec5t ages4 ,yet ! analogy 
( pa/ settlem5ts w\ld lead u to suppose 
t s mu* unanimity 0 n arriv$ at all at  
once1 b r t x mu/ h be5 prec$$ by mu*   
sm\ld]+ sic discont5t1 :i* aga9 0 foll[$

 by op5 w>f>e2 & t ev5 aft] a settlem5t 
_h be5 o/5sibly arriv$ at1 !re 0 /ill   
mu* secret want ( conviction on ! "p (  
_m = sev]al g5]ations4  ,!re are _m :o  
see no?+ 9 ?is t5d5cy ( our nature b    
occasion = s>casm2 ^?1 on ! o!r h&1 :o  
hold t ! _w is by ?is "t old en\gh to be
 ! be/ judge conc]n+ ! managem5t ( its  
own affairs w scrut9ise sic ?is         
managem5t ) "s clos5ess be=e !y v5ture  
to satirise sic x2 nor w !y d s = long  
)\t f9d+ ju/ification = its app>5t      
recklessness2 = we mu/ all fe>          
responsibility ^u matt]s ab\t :i* we    
feel we "k b little2 on ! o!r h& we mu/ 
all cont9ually act1 & = ! mo/ "p        
promptly4 ,we d s1 !re=e1 ) great]      
security :5 we c p]suade bo? ourselves &
 o!rs t a matt] is already pigeon-hol$  
?an if we feel t we mu/ use our own     
judgm5t = ! collection1 int]pretation1 &
 arrangem5t ( ! pap]s :i* deal ) x4     
,moreov]1 our action is ?us made to     
appe> z if x receiv$ collective         
sanction2 & by s appe>+ x receives x4   

,almo/ any settlem5t1 aga91 is felt to  
be bett] ?an none1 & ! m ne>ly a matt]  
comes home to ev]yone1 ! m important is 
x t x %\ld be treat$ z a sleep+ dog1 &  
be let to lie1 = if "o p]son beg9s to   
op5 8 m\?1 fatal developm5ts may arise 9
 ! ,babel t w foll[4  ,x is n difficult1
 inde$1 to %[ t1 in/ead ( hav+ reason to
 compla9 ( ! desire = ! po/ponem5t (    
important que/ions1 z ?\gh ! _w 7       
compos$ ma9ly ( knaves or fools1 su*    
fixity z animal & vegetable =ms possess 
is due to ?is v in/9ct4 ,= if !re _h be5
 no reluctance1 if !re 7 no friction &  
vis in]tae to be enc\nt]$ ev5 aft] a    
!oretical equilibrium _h be5 upset1 we  
%\ld h _h no fix$ organs nor settl$     
proclivities1 b %\ld h be5 daily & h\rly
 und]go+ ,protean trans=mations1 & h    
/ill be5 ?r[+ out pseudopodia l !       
amoeba4 ,true1 we might h come to l ?is 
fa%ion ( liv+ z well z our m /eady-go+  
sy/em if we _h tak5 to x _m millions (  
ages ago :5 we 7 yet "y2 b we h         
contract$ o!r habits :i* h become s     

confirm$ t we _c break ) !m4 ,we !re=e  
n[ hate t :i* we %\ld p]haps h lov$ if  
we _h practis$ sic x4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does 
n affect ! argum5t1 = our conc]n is )   
our likes & dislikes1 n ) ! mann] 9 :i* 
^? likes & dislikes h come ab\t4 ,!     
discov]y t organism is capable (        
modification at all has occasion$ s mu* 
a/oni%m5t t x has tak5 ! mo/ enlight5$  
"p ( ! _w m ?an a hundr$ ye>s to leave  
(f express+ its contempt = su* a crude1 
%all[1 & prepo/]\s conception4 ,p]haps 9
 ano!r hundr$ ye>s we %all le>n to      
admire ! good s5se1 endurance1 & ?or\gh 
,engli%ness ( organism 9 hav+ be5 s     
av]se to *ange1 ev5 m ?an its v]satility
 9 hav+ be5 will+ to *ange s mu*4       
,nev]!less1 h[ev] cons]vative we may be1
 & h[ev] mu* alive to ! folly &         
wick$ness ( tamp]+ ) settl$             
convictions-no matt] :at !y are-)\t     
suffici5t cause1 !re is yet su* a       
con/ant ?\gh gradual *ange 9 our        
surr\nd+s z necessitates correspond+    
modification 9 our ideas1 desires1 &    

actions4 ,we may ?9k t we %\ld l to f9d 
ourselves always 9 ! same surr\nd+s z   
our ance/ors1 s t we might be guid$ at e
 t\* & turn by ! exp]i5ce ( our race1 & 
be sav$ f all self-commun+ or           
int]pretation ( oracul> responses utt]$ 
by ! facts ar\nd u4 ,yet ! facts w *ange
 _! utt]ances 9 spite ( u2 & we1 too1   
*ange ) age & ages 9 spite ( ourselves1 
s z to see ! facts ar\nd u z p]haps ev5 
m *ang$ ?an !y actually are4 ,x has be5 
said1 ,tempora mutantur nos et mutamur 9
 illis4 ,! passage w\ld h be5 no less   
true if x _h /ood1 ,nos mutamur et      
tempora mutantur 9 nobis4 ,:e!r !       
organism or ! surr\nd+s began *ang+ fir/
 is a matt] ( su* small mom5t t ! two   
may be left to fight x out betwe5       
!mselves2 b1 :i*ev] view is tak51 ! fact
 w rema9 t :5ev] ! relations betwe5 !   
organism & its surr\nd+s h be5 *ang$1 ! 
organism mu/ ei!r succe$ 9 putt+ !      
surr\nd+s into h>mony ) itself1 or      
itself into h>mony ) ! surr\nd+s2 or mu/
 be made s uncom=table z to be unable to

 rememb] itself z subject$ to any su*   
difficulties1 & !re=e to die ?r\gh      
inability to recognise sic its own      
id5tity fur!r4  ,"u ^! circum/ances1    
organism mu/ act 9 "o or o!r ( ^! two   
ways3 x mu/ ei!r *ange sl[ly &          
cont9u\sly ) ! surr\nd+s1 pay+ ca% =    
ev]y?+1 meet+ ! smalle/ *ange ) a       
correspond+ modification s f> z is f\nd 
conv5i5t2 or x mu/ put (f *ange z long z
 possible1 & !n make l>g] & m sweep+    
*anges4  ,bo? ^! c\rses are ! same 9    
pr9ciple1 ! diff]5ce be+ only "o (      
scale1 & ! "o be+ a m9iature ( ! o!r1 z 
a ripple is an ,atlantic wave 9 little2 
bo? h _! advantages & disadvantages1 s t
 mo/ organisms w take ! "o c\rse = "o   
set ( ?+s & ! o!r = ano!r4 ,!y w deal   
promptly ) ?+s :i* !y c get at easily1 &
 :i* lie m ^u ! surface2 ^?1 h[ev]1 :i* 
are m tr\blesome to rea*1 & lie deep]1 w
 be h&l$ ^u m cataclysmic pr9ciples1 be+
 all[$ long] p]iods ( repose foll[$ by  
%ort p]iods ( great] activity4  ,animals
 brea! & circulate _! blood by a little 

action _m times a m9ute2 b !y fe$1 "s ( 
!m1 only two or ?ree times a day1 & bre$
 = ! mo/ "p n m ?an once a ye>1 _! bre$+
 season be+ mu* _! busie/ "t4 ,x is on !
 fir/ pr9ciple t ! modification ( animal
 =ms has proce$$ ma9ly2 b x may be      
que/ion$ :e!r :at is call$ a sport is n 
! organic expression ( discont5t :i* has
 be5 long felt1 b :i* has n be5 att5d$  
to1 nor be5 met /ep by /ep by z mu*     
small rem$ial modification z 0 f\nd     
practicable3 s t :5 a *ange does come x 
comes by way ( revolution4 ,or1 aga9    
7only t x comes to mu* ! same ?+71 a    
sport may be comp>$ to "o ( ^? happy    
?\ghts :i* sometimes come to u unbidd5  
aft] we h be5 ?9k+ = a long "t :at to d1
 or h[ to arrange our ideas1 & h yet be5
 unable to arrive at any conclusion4  ,s
 ) politics1 ! small] ! matt] ! prompt]1
 z a g5]al rule1 ! settlem5t2 on ! o!r  
h&1 ! m sweep+ ! *ange t is felt to be  
necess>y1 ! long] x w be def]r$4  ,!    
advantages ( deal+ ) ! l>g] que/ions by 
m cataclysmic me?ods are obvi\s4 ,=1 9 !

 fir/ place1 all composite ?+s mu/ h a  
sy/em1 or arrangem5t ( p>ts1 s t "s p>ts
 %all dep5d ^u & be gr\p$ r\nd o!rs1 z 9
 ! articulation ( a skeleton & !        
arrangem5t ( muscles1 n]ves1 t5dons1    
etc41 :i* are atta*$ to x4 ,to m$dle ) !
 skeleton is l tak+ up ! /reet1 or !    
floor+ ( "o's h\se2 x s upsets our      
arrangem5ts t we put x (f till :atev]   
else is f\nd want$1 or :atev] else seems
 likely to be want$ = a long "t h5ce1 c 
be done at ! same "t4 ,ano!r advantage  
is 9 ! re/ :i* is giv5 to ! att5tion    
dur+ ! long holl[s1 s to speak1 ( !     
waves betwe5 ! p]iods ( resettlem5t4    
,passion & prejudice h "t to calm d[n1 &
 :5 att5tion is next direct$ to ! same  
"q1 x is a refre%$ & invigorat$         
att5tion-an att5tion1 moreov]1 :i* may  
be giv5 ) ! help ( new lights d]iv$ f   
o!r qu>t]s t 7 n lum9\s :5 ! "q 0 la/   
consid]$4 ,?irdly1 x is m easy & saf] to
 make su* alt]ations z exp]i5ce has     
prov$ to be necess>y ?an to =eca/ :at is
 go+ to be want$4 ,re=m]s are l         

payma/]s1 ( :om !re are only two bad    
k9ds1 ^? :o pay too soon1 & ^? :o d n   
pay at all4    ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,common   
,,gr\nd  ,i ,,h n[1 p]haps1 suffici5tly 
prov$ my sympa?y ) ! reluctance felt by 
_m to tol]ate discussion ^u su* a       
subject z ! exi/5ce & nature ( ,god4 ,i 
tru/ t ,i may h made ! read] feel t he  
ne$ fe> no s>casm or levity 9 my        
treatm5t ( ! subject :i* ,i h *os54 ,i  
w1 !re=e1 proce$ to sket* out a plan (  
:at ,i hope to e/abli%1 & ?is 9 no      
d\btful or unnatural s5se1 b by atta*+ !
 same mean+s to words z ^? :i* we       
usually atta* to !m1 & ) ! same c]ta9ty1
 precision1 & cle>ness z any?+ else is  
e/abli%$ :i* is commonly call$ kn[n4  ,z
 to :at ,god is1 beyond ! fact t he is !
 ,_s & ! ,life :i* creates1 gov]ns1 &   
upholds all liv+ ?+s1 ,i c say no?+4 ,i 
_c pret5d t ,i c %[ m ?an o!rs h done 9 
:at ,_s & ! ,life consi/s1 :i* gov]ns   
liv+ ?+s & animates !m4 ,i _c %[ !      
connection betwe5 consci\sness & ! w1 & 
! organ1 mu* less c ,i te> away ! veil f

 ! face ( ,god1 s z to %[ :]e9 w &      
consci\sness consi/4 ,no philosoph]1    
:e!r ,*ri/ian or ,rationali/1 has       
attempt$ ?is )\t discomfiture2 b ,i c1  
,i hope1 d two ?+s3 ,fir/ly1 ,i c       
demon/rate1 p]haps m cle>ly ?an mod]n   
sci5ce is prep>$ to admit1 t !re does   
exi/ a s+le ,be+ or ,animator ( all liv+
 ?+s--a s+le ,_s1 :om we _c ?9k ( "u any
 mean] "n ?an ,god2 &1 secondly1 ,i c %[
 some?+ m ( ! p]sona or bodily          
expression1 mask1 & m\?piece ( ?is va/  
,liv+ ,_s ?an ,i "k ( z hav+ be5        
famili>ly express$ else:]e1 or z be+    
accessible to myself or o!rs1 ?\gh      
d\btless _m works exi/ 9 :i* :at ,i am  
go+ to say has be5 already said4  ,aw>e 
t mu* ( ?is is widely accept$ "u ! "n ( 
,pan!ism1 ,i v5ture to ?9k x diff]s f   
,pan!ism ) all ! diff]5ce t exi/s betwe5
 a coh]5t1 intelligible conception & an 
incoh]5t un9telligible "o4 ,i %all !re=e
 proce$ to exam9e ! doctr9e call$       
,pan!ism1 & to %[ h[ incompreh5sible &  
valueless x is4  ,i w !n indicate !     

,liv+ & ,p]sonal ,god ab\t ^: exi/5ce & 
ab\t _m ( ^: attributes !re is no room =
 "q2 ,i w %[ t man has be5 s f> made 9 !
 lik5ess ( ?is ,p]son or ,god1 t ,he    
possesses all its ess5tial *>act]i/ics1 
& t x is ?is ,god :o has call$ man & all
 o!r liv+ =ms1 :e!r animals or plants1  
into exi/5ce1 s t our bodies are !      
temples ( ,8 _s2 t x is ?is :i* su/a9s  
!m 9 _! life & gr[?1 :o is "o ) !m1     
liv+1 mov+1 & hav+ ,8 be+ 9 !m2 9 :om1  
also1 !y live & move1 !y 9 ,him & ,he 9 
!m2 ,he be+ n a ,tr9ity 9 ,unity only1 b
 an ,inf9ity 9 ,unity1 & a ,unity 9 an  
,inf9ity2 et]nal 9 "t pa/1 = s mu* "t at
 lea/ t our m9ds c come no ne>] to      
et]nity ?an ?is2 et]nal = ! future z    
long z ! univ]se %all exi/2 ev] *ang+1  
yet ! same ye/]day1 & to-day1 & = ev]4  
,& ,i w %[ ?is ) s little ambiguity t x 
%all be p]ceiv$ n z a phantom or        
halluc9ation foll[+ ^u a pa9ful /ra9+ ( 
! m9d & a va9 endeav\r sic to give      
coh]5cy to incoh]5t & inconsi/5t ideas1 
b ) ! same ease1 com=t1 & palpable      

fle%-&-blood cle>ness ) :i* we see ^?   
ne> to u2 :om1 ?\gh we see !m at ! be/ z
 ?r\gh a glass d>kly1 we /ill see face  
to face1 ev5 z we are ourselves se54  ,i
 w also %[ 9 :at way ?is ,be+ ex]cises a
 moral gov]nm5t ov] ! _w1 & rew>ds &    
puni%es u accord+ to ,8 own laws4  ,hav+
 done ?is ,i %all proce$ to comp>e ?is  
conception ( ,god ) ^? t are curr5tly   
accept$1 & w endeav\r sic to %[ t !     
ideas n[ curr5t are 9 tru? ef=ts to     
grasp ! "o on :i* ,i %all "h insi/4     
,f9ally1 ,i %all p]suade ! read] t !    
diff]5ces betwe5 ! s-call$ a!i/ & !     
s-call$ !i/ are diff]5ces r ab\t words  
?an ?+s1 inasmu* z n ev5 ! mo/ prosaic (
 mod]n sci5ti/s w be incl9$ to d5y !    
exi/5ce ( ?is ,god1 :ile few !i/s w feel
 t ?is1 ! natural conception ( ,god1 is 
a less wor?y "o ?an t to :i* !y h be5   
accu/om$4    ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,pan!ism4  
,,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,blunt1 9 8 ,diction>y
 ( ,sects1 ,h]esies1 etc41 def9es       
,pan!i/s z ^? :o hold t ,god is ev]y?+1 
& ev]y?+ is ,god4  ,if x is grant$ t !  

value ( words lies 9 ! def9it5ess &     
coh]5cy ( ! ideas t pres5t !mselves to u
 :5 ! words are he>d or spok5-!n su* a  
s5t5ce z ,god is ev]y?+ & ev]y?+ is ,god
 is wor?less4  ,= we h s long associat$ 
! ^w ,god ) ! idea ( a ,liv+ ,p]son1 :o 
c see1 he>1 w1 feel pleasure1           
displeasure1 etc41 t we _c ?9k ( ,god1 &
 also ( some?+ :i* we h n be5 accu/om$  
to ?9k ( z a ,liv+ ,p]son1 at "o & !    
same "t1 s z to connect ! two ideas &   
fuse !m into a coh]5t ?\ght4 ,:ile we   
are ?9k+ ( ! "o1 our m9ds involunt>ily  
exclude ! o!r1 & vice v]sa2 s t x is z  
impossible = u to ?9k ( any?+ z ,god1 or
 z =m+ "p ( ,god1 :i* we _c also ?9k ( z
 a ,p]son1 or z a "p ( a ,p]son1 z x is 
to produce a hybrid betwe5 two widely   
di/9ct animals4 ,if ,i am n mi/ak51 !   
b>r5ness ( inconsi/5t ideas1 & ! /]ility
 ( widely di/ant species or g5]a (      
plants & animals1 are "o 9              
pr9ciple-/]ility ( hybrids be+ due to   
b>r5ness ( ideas1 & b>r5ness ( ideas    
aris+ f inability to fuse unfamili>     

?\ghts into a coh]5t conception4 ,i h   
insi/$ on ?is at "s l5g? 9 ,life &      
,habit1 b c d s no fur!r "h4 7,note3    
,butl] return$ to ?is subject 9 ,luck1  
or cunn+8 :i* 0 orig9ally publi%$ 9     
#ahhg4  ,9 l mann] we h s long associat$
 ! ^w ,p]son ) ! idea ( a sub/antial    
visible body1 limit$ 9 ext5t1 & animat$ 
by an invisible some?+ :i* we call ,_s1 
t we c ?9k ( no?+ z a p]son :i* does n  
also br+ ^! ideas be=e u4 ,any attempt  
to make u imag9e ,god z a ,p]son :o does
 n fulfil sic ! conditions :i* our ideas
 atta* to ! ^w p]son1 is ipso facto     
a!i/ic1 z r5d]+ ! ^w ,god )\t mean+1 &  
!re=e )\t reality1 & !re=e non-exi/5t to
 u4 ,our ideas are l our organism1 !y w 
/& a va/ am\nt ( modification if x is   
effect$ sl[ly & )\t %ock1 b ! life      
dep>ts out ( !m1 leav+ ! =m ( an idea   
)\t ! p[] !re(1 if !y are j>r$ too      
rudely4  ,any be+1 !n1 :om we c imag9e z
 ,god1 mu/ h all ! qualities1           
capabilities1 & also all ! limitations  
:i* are impli$ :5 ! ^w p]son is us$4    

,b1 aga91 we _c conceive ( ev]y?+ z a   
p]son4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ compreh5d all t is to
 be f\nd on e>?1 or outside ( x1 & we "k
 ( no su* p]sons z ?is4 ,:5 we say      
p]sons we int5d liv+ p ) fle% & blood2  
sometimes we ext5d our conceptions to   
animals & plants1 b we h n hi!rto done s
 z g5]ally z ,i hope we %all "s day come
 to d4 ,bel[ animals & plants we h nev] 
9 any s]i\sness gone4 ,all t we h be5   
able to reg>d z p]sonal has _h :at we c 
call a liv+ body1 ev5 ?\gh t body is    
vegetable only2 & ?is body has be5      
tangible1 & has be5 compris$ )9 c]ta9   
def9ite limits1 or )9 limits :i* h at   
any rate /ruck ! eye z def9ite4 ,& e "p 
)9 ^! limits has be5 animat$ by an unse5
 some?+ :i* we call s\l or _s4 ,a p]son 
mu/ be a p]sona--t is to say1 ! liv+    
mask & m\?piece ( an en]gy saturat+ x1 &
 speak+ ?r\gh x4 ,x mu/ be animate 9 all
 its p>ts4  ,b ev]y?+ is n animate4     
,animals & plants alone produce 9 u ^?  
ideas :i* c make reasonable p call !m   
p]sons ) consi/5cy ( int5tion4 ,we c    

conceive ( ea* animal & ( ea* plant z a 
p]son2 we c conceive aga9 ( a comp\nd   
p]son l ! coral polypes sic1 or l a tree
 :i* is compos$ ( a cong]ies (          
subord9ate p]sons1 inasmu* z ea* bud is 
a sep>ate & individual plant4 ,we c g   
f>!r ?an ?is1 &1 z ,i %all hope to %[1  
we ought to d s2 t is to say1 we %all   
f9d x easi] & m agreeable ) our o!r     
ideas to g f>!r ?an n2 = we %\ld see all
 animal & vegetable life z unit$ by a   
subtle & till lately invisible          
ramification1 s t all liv+ ?+s are "o   
tree-l gr[?1 =m+ a s+le p]son4 ,b we _c 
conceive ( oceans1 cont95ts1 & air z =m+
 p>ts ( a p]son at all2 mu* less c we   
?9k ( !m z =m+ "o p]son ) ! liv+ =ms t  
inhabit !m4  ,to ask ?is ( u is l ask+ u
 to see ! b[l & ! wat] 9 :i* ?ree       
gold-fi% are swimm+ z "p ( ! gold-fi%4  
,we _c d x any m ?an we c d some?+      
physically impossible4 ,we c see !      
gold-fi% z =m+ "o family1 & !re=e z 9 a 
way unit$ to ! p]sonality ( ! p>5ts f   
:i* !y sprang1 & !re=e z memb]s "o (    

ano!r1 & !re=e z =m+ a s+le gr[? (      
gold-fi%1 z b\ghs & buds unite to =m a  
tree2 b we _c by any ef=t ( ! imag9ation
 introduce ! b[l & ! wat] into !        
p]sonality1 = we h nev] be5 accu/om$ to 
?9k ( su* ?+s z liv+ & p]sonal4 ,^?1    
!re=e1 :o tell u t ,god is ev]y?+1 &    
ev]y?+ is ,god1 require u to see ev]y?+ 
z a p]son1 :i* we _c2 or ,god z n a     
p]son1 :i* aga9 we _c4  ,cont9u+ !      
article ( ,mr4 ,blunt f :i* ,i h already
 quot$1 ,i read3--  ,l9us1 9 a passage  
:i* has be5 pres]v$ by ,/obaeus1 exactly
 expresses ! notion aft]w>ds adopt$ by  
,sp9oza3 ',"o sole en]gy gov]ns all ?+s2
 all ?+s are unity1 & ea* portion is    
,all2 = ( "o integ] all ?+s 7 born2 9 ! 
end ( "t all ?+s %all aga9 become unity2
 ! unity ( multiplicity4' ,orpheus1 8   
disciple1 taught no o!r doctr9e4        
,accord+ to ,py?agoras1 an adept 9 !    
,orphic philosophy1 ! s\l ( ! _w is !   
,div9e en]gy :i* int]p5etrates e portion
 ( ! mass1 & ! s\l ( man is an efflux ( 
t en]gy4 ,! _w1 too1 is an exact impress

 ( ! ,et]nal ,idea1 :i* is ! m9d ( ,god4
 ,john ,scotus ,erig5a taught t all is  
,god & ,god is all4 ,william (          
,*ampeaux1 aga91 two hundr$ ye>s lat]1  
ma9ta9$ t all individuality is "o 9     
sub/ance1 & v>ies only 9 its            
non-ess5tial accid5ts & transi5t        
prop]ties4 ,amalric ( ,b5a & ,david (   
,d9ant foll[$ ! !ory out into a         
?or\ghgo+ ,pan!ism4 ,amalric held t ,all
 is ,god & ,god is all4 ,! ,creator & ! 
creature are "o ,be+4 ,ideas are at once
 creative & creat$1 subjective &        
objective4 ,god is ! end ( all1 & all   
return to ,him4 ,z e v>iety ( humanity  
=ms "o manhood1 s ! _w conta9s          
individual =ms ( "o et]nal ess5ce4      
,david ( ,d9ant only v>i$ ^u ?is by     
imag9+ a corporeal unity4 ,al?\gh body1 
s\l1 & et]nal sub/ance are ?ree1 ^! ?ree
 are "o & ! same be+4  ,giordano ,bruno 
ma9ta9$ ! _w ( s5se to be a va/ animal  
hav+ ! ,deity = its liv+ s\l4 ,!        
inanimate "p ( ! _w is ?us exclud$ f    
p>ticipation 9 ! ,deity1 & a conception 

t our m9ds c embrace is (f]$ u in/ead ( 
"o :i* !y _c ent]ta91 except z 9 a      
dream1 incoh]5tly4 ,b )\t su* a view (  
evolution z 0 preval5t at ! beg9n+ ( ?is
 c5tury1 x 0 impossible to see ! _w (   
s5se intellig5tly1 z =m+ a va/ animal4  
,unless1 !re=e1 ,giordano ,bruno held ! 
op9ions ( ,buffon1 ,dr4 ,erasmus ,d>w91 
& ,lam>ck1 ) m def9it5ess ?an ,i am yet 
aw>e ( 8 hav+ done1 8 cont5tion mu/ be  
consid]$ z a spl5did prophecy1 b z      
little m ?an a prophecy4 ,he cont9ues1  
,bir? is expansion f ! "o c5tre ( ,life2
 life is its cont9uance1 & dea? is !    
necess>y return ( ! ray to ! c5tre (    
light4 ,?is beg9s f9ely1 b ends         
my/ically4 ,i h n1 h[ev]1 comp>$ !      
,engli% translation ) ! orig9al1 & mu/  
res]ve a full] exam9ation ( ,giordano   
,bruno's tea*+ = ano!r opportunity4     
,sp9oza disbeliev$ 9 ! _w r ?an 9 ,god4 
,he 0 an ,acosmi/1 to use ,jacobi's     
expression1 r ?an an ,a!i/4 ,accord+ to 
him1 ! ,deity & ! ,univ]se are b "o     
sub/ance1 at ! same "t bo? _s & matt]1  

?\ght & ext5sion1 :i* are ! only kn[n   
attributes ( ! ,deity4  ,my read]s w1 ,i
 ?9k1 agree ) me t !re is v little ( !  
above :i* conveys ideas ) ! flu5cy &    
com=t :i* accompany good words4 ,words  
are l s]vants3 x is n en\gh t we %\ld h 
!m-we mu/ h ! mo/ able & will+ t we c   
f9d1 & at ! smalle/ wages t w cont5t !m4
 ,hav+ got !m we mu/ make ! be/ & n !   
wor/ ( !m4 ,surely1 9 ! great] "p ( :at 
has be5 quot$ above1 ! words are b>r5   
lett]s only3 !y d n quick5 )9 u & enable
 u to conceive a ?\ght1 su* z we c 9 our
 turn impress ^u dead matt]1 & m\ld sic 
t matt] into ano!r %ape ?an its own1    
?r\gh ! ?\ght :i* has become alive )9 u4
 ,no (fspr+ ( ideas has foll[$ ^u !m1   
or1 if any at all1 yet 9 su* unwont$    
%ape1 & ) su* want ( alacrity1 t we loa!
 !m z mal=mations & misc>riages ( our   
m9ds4 ,grant$ t if we exam9e !m closely 
we %all at l5g? f9d !m to embody a      
little g]m ( tru?-t is to say1 ( coh]5cy
 ) our o!r ideas2 b !re is too little   
tru? 9 proportion to ! tr\ble necess>y  

to get at x4 ,we c get m tru?1 t is to  
say1 m coh]5cy-= tru? & coh]5cy are "o-=
 less tr\ble 9 o!r ways4  ,b x may be   
urg$ t ! beg9n+s ( all tasks are        
difficult & unremun]ative1 & t lat]     
developm5ts ( ,pan!ism may be m         
intelligible ?an ! e>li] ones4          
,un=tunately1 ?is is n ! case4 ,on      
cont9u+ ,mr4 ,blunt's article1 ,i f9d ! 
lat] ,pan!i/s a hundr$fold m p]plex+ ?an
 ! e>li] ones4 ,) ,kant1 ,s*ell+1       
,fi*te1 & ,hegel1 we feel t we are ) m5 
:o h be5 decoy$ into a hopeless         
quagmire2 we und]/& no?+ ( _!           
language-we d\bt :e!r !y und]/&         
!mselves1 & feel t we c d no?+ ) !m b   
look at !m & pass !m by4  ,9 my next    
*apt] ,i propose to %[ ! end :i* ! e>ly 
,pan!i/s 7 /riv+ aft]1 & ! reason &     
naturalness ( _! error4    ,,*apt] ,,iv4
 ,,pan!ism4  ,! e>li] ,pan!i/s 7 misl$  
by ! endeav\r sic to lay hold ( two     
di/9ct ideas1 ! "o ( :i* 0 a reality t  
has s9ce be5 grasp$ & is ( ine/imable   
value1 ! o!r a phantom :i* has misl$ all

 :o h foll[$ x4 ,! reality is ! unity ( 
,life1 ! on5ess ( ! guid+ & animat+ _s  
:i* quick5s animals & plants1 s t !y are
 all ! outcome & expression ( a common  
m9d1 & are 9 tru? "o animal2 ! phantom  
is ! endeav\r sic to f9d ! orig9 ( ?+s1 
to rea* ! f\nta9-head ( all en]gy1 & ?us
 to lay ! f\ndations on :i* a philosophy
 may be con/ruct$ :i* none c accuse (   
be+ baseless1 or ( argu+ 9 a circle4  ,9
 foll[+ z ?r\gh a ?ick wood aft] !      
phantom our =efa!rs f "t to "t caught   
glimpses ( ! reality1 :i* seem$ s       
wond]ful z x elud$ !m1 & flitt$ back    
aga9 into ! ?ickets1 t !y decl>$ x mu/  
be ! phantom !y 7 9 se>* (1 :i* 0 ?us   
evid5c$ z actually exi/+4 ,:]eon1 in/ead
 ( ma/]+ su* ( ! facts !y met ) z c\ld  
be captur$ easily-:i* facts w\ld h      
betray$ ! hid+-places ( o!rs1 & ^! aga9 
( o!rs1 & s ad inf9itum-!y ov]look$ :at 
0 )9 _! rea*1 & foll[$ hotly ?r\gh bri] 
& brake aft] an imag9>y great] prize4   
,great ?\ghts are n to be caught 9 ?is  
way4 ,!y mu/ pres5t !mselves = capture (

 _! own free w1 or be tak5 aft] a little
 coyness only4 ,!y are l weal? & p[]1   
:i*1 if a man is n born to !m1 are ! m  
likely to take him1 ! m he has re/ra9$  
himself f an attempt to snat* !m4 ,!y   
hank] aft] ^? only :o h tam$ _! ne>]    
?\ghts4 ,nev]!less1 x is impossible n to
 feel t ! e>ly ,pan!i/s 7 true prophets 
& se]s1 ?\gh ! ?+s 7 unkn[n to !m )\t   
:i* a complete view 0 unatta9able4 ,:at 
does ,l9us mean1 we ask ourselves1 :5 he
 says3--,"o sole en]gy gov]ns all ?+s8  
,h[ c "o sole en]gy gov]n1 we w say1 !  
read] & ! *air on :i* he sits8 ,:at is  
meant by an en]gy gov]n+ a *air8 ,if by 
an ef=t we h made ourselves believe we  
und]/& some?+ :i* c be bett] express$ by
 ^! words ?an by any o!rs1 no soon] d we
 turn our backs ?an ! ideas s pa9fully  
collect$ fly ap>t aga94 ,no matt] h[ (t5
 we g 9 se>* ( !m1 & =ce !m into        
juxtaposition1 !y prove to h none ( t   
innate coh]5t p[] ) :i* ideas comb9e t  
we c hold z true & pr(itable4  ,yet if  
,l9us _h conf9$ 8 /atem5t to liv+ ?+s1 &

 _h said t "o sole en]gy gov]n$ all     
plants & animals1 he w\ld h come ne> bo?
 to be+ intelligible & true4 ,= if1 z we
 n[ believe1 all animals & plants are   
desc5d$ f a s+le cell1 !y mu/ be        
consid]$ z c\s9s to "o ano!r1 & z =m+ a 
s+le tree-l animal1 e individual plant  
or animal ( :i* is z truly "o & ! same  
p]son ) ! primordial cell z ! oak a ?\s&
 ye>s old is "o & ! same plant ) ! acorn
 out ( :i* x has gr[n4 ,?is is easily   
und]/ood1 b w1 ,i tru/1 be made to appe>
 simpl] pres5tly4  ,:5 ,l9us says1 ,all 
?+s are unity1 & ea* portion is ,all2 = 
( "o integ] all ?+s 7 born1 x is        
impossible = pla9 p-:o d n wi% to use   
words unless !y mean ! same ?+s by !m z 
bo? !y & o!rs h be5 9 ! habit ( mean+-to
 und]/& :at is int5d$4 ,h[ c ea* portion
 be all8 ,h[ c "o ,london] be all       
,london8 ,i "k t ?is1 too1 c 9 a way be 
%[n1 b ! result+ idea is too f> to fet*1
 & :5 fet*$ does n fit 9 well en\gh )   
our o!r ideas to give x practical &     
comm]cial value4 ,h[1 aga91 c all ?+s be

 said to be born ( "o integ]1 unless !  
/atem5t is conf9$ to liv+ ?+s1 :i* c    
alone be born at all1 & unless a !ory ( 
evolution is int5d$1 su* z ,l9us w\ld   
h>dly h accept$8  ,yet limit ! all ?+s  
to all liv+ ?+s1 grant ! !ory (         
evolution1 & expla9 ea* portion is ,all 
to mean t all life is ak91 & possesses !
 same ess5tial fundam5tal *>act]i/ics1 &
 x is surpris+ h[ ne>ly ,l9us approa*es 
bo? to tru? & intelligibility4  ,x may  
be said t ! animate & ! inanimate h !   
same fundam5tal sub/ance1 s t a *air    
might rot & be absorb$ by grass1 :i*    
grass might be eat5 by a c[1 :i* c[     
might be eat5 by a man2 & by simil>     
processes ! man might become a *air2 b  
^! facts are n pres5t$ to ! m9d by say+ 
t "o en]gy gov]ns all ?+s-a *air1 we w  
say1 & a man2 we c\ld only say t "o     
en]gy gov]n$ a man & a *air1 if ! *air 7
 a reasonable liv+ p]son1 :o 0 actively 
& consci\sly engag$ 9 help+ ! man to    
atta9 a c]ta9 end1 unless1 t is to say1 
we are to dep>t f all usual             

int]pretation ( words1 9 :i* case we    
invalidate ! advantages ( language & all
 ! sanctions ( morality4  ,all ?+s %all 
aga9 become unity is intelligible z     
mean+ t all ?+s probably h come f a s+le
 elem5t>y sub/ance1 say hydrog5 or :at  
n1 & t !y w return to x2 b ! explanation
 ( unity z be+ ! unity ( multiplicity   
puzzles2 if !re is any mean+ x is too   
recondite to be ( s]vice to u4  ,:at1   
aga91 is meant by say+ t ! s\l ( ! _w is
 ! ,div9e en]gy :i* int]p5etrates e     
portion ( ! mass8 ,! s\l ( ! _w is an   
expression :i*1 to myself1 &1 ,i %\ld   
imag9e1 to mo/ p1 is )\t propriety4 ,we 
_c ?9k ( ! _w except z e>?1 air1 & wat]1
 9 ?is or t /ate1 on & 9 :i* !re gr[    
plants & animals4 ,:at is meant by say+ 
t e>? has a s\l1 & lives8 ,does x move f
 place to place erratically8 ,does x    
fe$8 ,does x reproduce itself8 ,does x  
make su* noises1 or commit su* vag>ies z
 %all make u say t x feels8 ,c x a*ieve 
its ends1 & fail ( a*iev+ !m ?r\gh      
mi/ake8 ,if x _c1 h[ has x a s\l m ?an a

 dead man has a s\l1 out ( :om we say t 
! s\l has dep>t$1 & ^: body we conceive 
( z return+ to dead e>?1 inasmu* z x is 
n[ s\lless8 ,is !re any unnatural       
viol5ce :i* c be done to our ?\ghts by  
:i* we c br+ ! ideas ( a s\l & ( wat]1  
or ( a /one into comb9ation1 & keep !m  
!re = long toge!r8 ,! anci5ts1 inde$1   
said !y believ$ _! riv]s to be gods1 &  
c>v$ lik5esses ( !m "u ! =ms ( m52 b ev5
 suppos+ ?is to h be5 _! real m9d1 c x  
by any conceivable means become our own8
 ,grant$ t a /one is kept f fall+ to du/
 by an en]gy :i* compels its p>ticles to
 coh]e1 :i* en]gy c be tak5 out ( x &   
conv]t$ into "s o!r =m ( en]gy2 grant$  
7:i* may or may n be true7 also1 t !    
life ( a liv+ body is only ! en]gy :i*  
keeps ! p>ticles :i* compose x 9 a c]ta9
 disposition2 & grant$ t ! en]gy ( !    
/one may be conv]tible into ! en]gy ( a 
liv+ =m1 & t ?us1 aft] a long j\rney a  
tir$ idea may lag aft] ! s\nd ( su*     
words z ! s\l ( ! _w4 ,grant$ all !     
above1 nev]!less to speak ( ! _w z hav+ 

a s\l is n suffici5tly 9 h>mony ) our   
common notions1 nor does x g suffici5tly
 ) ! gra9 ( our ?\ghts to r5d] !        
expression a mean+ "o1 or "o t c be n[  
us$ ) any propriety or fitness1 except  
by ^? :o d n "k _! own mean+lessness4   
,vigor\s m9ds w h>b\r sic vigor\s ?\ghts
 only1 or su* z bid fair to become s2 & 
vigor\s ?\ghts are always simple1       
def9ite1 & 9 h>mony ) ev]yday ideas4    
,we c imag9e a s\l z liv+ 9 ! l[e/ slime
 t moves1 fe$s1 reproduces itself1      
rememb]s1 & dies4 ,! amoeba wants ?+s1  
kn[s x wants !m1 alt]s itself s z to try
 & alt] !m1 ?us prep>+ = an int5d$      
modification ( outside matt] by a       
prelim9>y modification ( itself4 ,x     
?rives if ! modification f )9 is foll[$ 
by ! desir$ modification 9 ! ext]nal    
object2 x kn[s t x is well1 & bre$s m   
freely 9 consequ5ce4 ,if x _c get hold (
 outside matt]1 or _c proselytise sic t 
matt] & p]suade x to see ?+s ?r\gh its  
own 7! amoeba's7 spectacles-if x _c     
conv]t t matt]1 if ! matt] p]si/s 9     

disagree+ ) x-its spirits droop1 its s\l
 is disquiet$ )9 x1 x becomes li/less l 
a )]+ fl[]-x langui%es & dies4 ,we _c   
imag9e a ?+ to live at all & yet be     
s\lless except 9 sleep = a %ort "t1 &   
ev5 s n q s\lless4 ,! idea ( a s\l1 or (
 t unkn[n some?+ = :i* ! ^w s\l is our  
hi]oglyphic1 & ! idea ( liv+ organism1  
unite s spontane\sly1 & /ick toge!r s   
insep>ably1 t no matt] h[ (t5 we sund]  
!m !y w elude our vigilance & come      
toge!r1 l true lov]s1 9 spite ( u4 ,let 
u n attempt to divorce ideas t h s long 
be5 w$d$ toge!r4  ,i submit1 !n1 t      
,pan!ism1 ev5 z expla9$ by ^? :o _h     
ent]$ on ! outskirts only ( its great   
morass1 nev]!less holds out s little    
hope ( lead+ to any com=table conclusion
 t x w be m reasonable to occupy our    
m9ds ) o!r matt] ?an to foll[ ,pan!ism  
fur!r4 ,! ,pan!i/s speak ( a p]son )\t  
mean+ a p]son2 !y speak ( a him & a he  
)\t hav+ 9 _! m9ds ! idea ( a liv+ p]son
 ) all its inevitable limitations4      
,pan!ism is1 !re=e1 z is said by ,mr4   

,blunt 9 ano!r article1 practically no?+
 else ?an ,a!ism2 x has no belief 9 a   
p]sonal deity ov]rul+ ! affairs ( ! _w1 
z ,div9e ,provid5ce1 & is1 !re=e1       
,a!i/ic1 & aga91 ,!ism believes 9 a _s  
sup]ior to matt]1 & s does ,pan!ism2 b !
 _s ( ,!ism is self-consci\s1 & !re=e   
p]sonal & ( individual exi/5ce-a nature 
p] se1 & uphold+ all ?+s by an active   
control2 :ile ,pan!ism believes 9 _s t  
is ( a high] nature ?an brute matt]1 b  
is a m]e unconsci\s pr9ciple ( life1    
imp]sonal1 irrational z ! brute matt] t 
x quick5s4  ,if ?is v]dict conc]n+      
,pan!ism is true--& f all ,i c ga!r x is
 z ne>ly true z any?+ c be said to be   
:i* is pr$icat$ ( an incoh]5t idea--!   
,pan!i/ic ,god is an attempt to lay hold
 ( a tru? :i* has nev]!less elud$ its   
pursu]s4  ,9 my next *apt] ,i w consid] 
! commonly receiv$1 or?odox conception (
 ,god1 & comp>e x ) ! ,pan!i/ic4 ,i w %[
 t x1 too1 is ,a!i/ic1 inasmu* z1 9     
spite ( its pr(ess+ to give u a         
conception ( ,god1 x raises no ideas 9  

our m9ds ( a p]son or ,liv+ ,be+--& a   
,god :o is n ?is is non-exi/5t4         
,,*apt] ,v4 ,,or?odox ,,!ism  ,we h se5 
t ,pan!ism fails to satisfy1 inasmu* z x
 requires u to mean some?+ diff]5t by ! 
^w ,god f :at we h be5 9 ! habit (      
mean+4 ,i h already said-,i fe>1 too    
(t5-t no conception ( ,god c h any value
 or mean+ = u :i* does n involve 8      
exi/5ce z an indep5d5t ,liv+ ,p]son (   
ineffable wisdom & p[]1 va/ness1 &      
duration bo? 9 ! pa/ & = ! future4 ,if  
su* a ,be+ z ?is c be f\nd exi/+ & made 
evid5t1 directly or indirectly1 to human
 s5ses1 !re is a ,god4 ,if o!rwise1 !re 
is no ,god1 or none1 at any rate1 s f> z
 we c "k1 none ) :om we ne$ conc]n      
ourselves4 ,no consci\s p]sonality1 no  
,god4 ,an imp]sonal ,god is z mu* a     
contradiction 9 t]ms z an imp]sonal     
p]son4  ,un=tunately1 :5 we "q or?odox  
!ology closely1 we f9d t x supposes ,god
 to be a p]son :o has no mat]ial body   
su* z c\ld come )9 ! range ( any human  
s5se1 & make an impression ^u x4 ,he is 

suppos$ to be ( a spiritual nature only1
 except 9 s f> z "o "p ( 8 triune       
p]sonality is1 accord+ to ! ,a?anasian  
,cre$1 p]fect man1 ( a reasonable s\l & 
human fle% subsi/+4  ,"h1 !n1 we f9d    
ourselves 9 a dilemma4 ,on ! "o h&1 we  
are involv$ 9 ! same difficulty z 9 !   
case ( ,pan!ism1 inasmu* z a p]son )\t  
fle% & blood1 or some?+ analog\s1 is n a
 p]son2 we are requir$1 !re=e1 to       
believe 9 a p]sonal ,god1 :o has no true
 p]son2 to believe1 t is to say1 9 an   
imp]sonal p]son4  ,?is1 z we h se5      
already1 is ,a!ism "u ano!r "n1 be+1 z x
 is1 de/ructive ( all idea ( ,god       
:atev]2 = ^! words d n convey an idea ( 
some?+ :i* human intellig5ce c und]/& up
 to a c]ta9 po9t1 & :i* x c wat* go+ out
 ( sight into regions beyond our view1 b
 9 ! same direction-z we may inf] o!r   
/>s 9 space beyond ! f>!/ t we "k (2 !y 
convey utt]ly self-de/ructive ideas1 :i*
 c h no real mean+1 & c only be ?\ght to
 h a mean+ by ignorant & uncultivat$ p4 
,o!rwise su* f\ndation z human reason   

re/s ^u-t is to say1 ! curr5t op9ion (  
^? :om ! _w appraises z reasonable &    
agreeable1 or capable ( be+ agre$ ) =   
any "t-is sapp$2 ! :ole ?+ tumbles d[n1 
& we may h squ>e circles & r\nd         
triangles1 :i* may be decl>$ to be no   
long] absurdities & contradictions 9    
t]ms1 b my/]ies t g beyond our reason1  
)\t be+ contr>y to x4 ,few w ma9ta9 ?is1
 & ^? few may be neglect$2 an imp]sonal 
p]son mu/ !re=e be admitt$ to be        
nons5se1 & an immat]ial ,god to be      
,a!ism 9 ano!r %ape4  ,on ! o!r h&1 if  
,god is ( a reasonable s\l & human fle% 
subsi/+1 & if he ?us has ! body )\t :i* 
he is-z f> z we are conc]n$-non-exi/5t1 
?is body mu/ yet be reasonably l o!r    
bodies1 & mu/ exi/ 9 "s place & at "s   
"t4 ,fur!rmore1 x mu/ d suffici5tly     
ne>ly :at all o!r human fle% belong+ to 
p]fect man mu/ d1 or cease to be human  
fle%4 ,our ideas are l our organisms2 !y
 h "s little ela/icity &                
circum/ance-suit+ p[]1 "s little m>g9 on
 :i*1 z ,i h else:]e said1 side-notes   

may be writt51 & glosses on ! orig9al   
text2 b ?is p[] is v limit$4 ,z (fspr+ w
 only1 z a g5]al rule1 v>y v little f   
its imm$iate p>5ts1 & z x w fail ei!r   
imm$iately or 9 ! second g5]ation if !  
p>5ts diff] too widely f "o ano!r1 s we 
_c get our idea (-we w say a horse-to   
conjure up to our m9ds ! idea ( any     
animal m unlike a horse ?an a pony is2  
nor c we get a well-def9$ idea ( a      
comb9ation betwe5 a horse & any animal m
 remote f x ?an an ass1 zebra1 or       
giraffe4 ,we may1 inde$1 make a /atue ( 
a fly+ horse1 b ! idea is "o :i* _c be  
made plausible to any b ignorant p4 ,s  
human fle% may v>y a little f human fle%
 )\t undue viol5ce be+ done to our      
reason & to ! "r use ( language1 b x _c 
diff] f x s mu* z n to eat1 dr9k1 nor   
wa/e & repair itself4 ,human fle%1 :i*  
is )\t ^! necess>y adjuncts1 is human   
fle% only to ^? :o c believe 9 fly+     
horses ) fea!r$ w+s & bills l birds-t is
 to say1 to vulg> & sup]/iti\s p]sons4  
,la/ly1 n only mu/ ! p]fect man1 :o is !

 second p]son ( ! ,godhead accord+ to ! 
or?odox fai?1 & :o subsi/s ( human fle% 
z well z ( a reasonable s\l1 n only mu/ 
?is p]son exi/1 b he mu/ exi/ 9 "s place
 ei!r on ?is e>? or outside x4 ,if he   
exi/s on e>?1 he mu/ be 9 ,europe1      
,asia1 ,africa1 ,am]ica1 or on "s isl&1 
& if he 7 met ) he mu/ be capable ( be+ 
se5 & h&l$ 9 ! same way z all o!r ?+s t 
c be call$ p]fect man are se52 o!rwise  
he is a p]fect man :o is n only n a     
p]fect man1 b :o does n 9 any           
consid]able degree resemble "o4 ,x is n1
 h[ev]1 pret5d$ by anyone t ,god1 !     
p]fect man1 is to be look$ = 9 any place
 ^u ! surface ( ! globe4  ,if1 on ! o!r 
h&1 ! p]son ( ,god exi/s 9 "s sph]e     
outside ! e>?1 8 human fle% aga9 proves 
to be ( an entirely diff]5t k9d f all   
o!r human fle%1 = we "k t su* fle% _c   
exi/ except on e>?2 if 9 space          
unsupport$1 x mu/ fall to ! gr\nd1 or   
into "s o!r planet1 or into a sun1 or g 
on revolv+ r\nd ! e>? or "s o!r heav5ly 
body-or n be p]sonal4 ,none ( ^? ^:     

op9ions w c>ry weight w assign a        
position ei!r 9 "s c\ntry on ?is e>?1 or
 yet aga9 9 space1 to ,jesus ,*ri/1 b   
?is involves ! r5d]+ mean+less ( all    
expressions :i* involve 8 p]sonality4   
,! ,*ri/ian conception1 !re=e1 ( !      
,deity proves :5 exam9$ ) any desire to 
und]/& our own mean+ 7& :at lawlessness 
s great z ! attempt to impose words ^u  
our und]/&+s :i* h no lawful settlem5t  
)9 !m87 to be no less a contradiction 9 
t]ms ?an ! ,pan!i/ic conception4 ,x is  
,a!i/ic1 z (f]+ u a ,god :i* is n a     
,god1 inasmu* z we c conceive ( no su*  
be+1 nor ( any?+ 9 ! lea/ l x4 ,x is1 l 
,pan!ism1 an illusion1 :i* c be believ$ 
only by ^? :o repeat a =mula :i* !y h   
le>nt by he>t 9 a =eign language ( :i*  
!y und]/& no?+1 & yet av] t !y believe  
x4 ,!re are d\btless _m :o w say t ?is  
is possible1 b ! majority ( my read]s w 
hold t no proposition c be believ$ or   
disbeliev$ until its nature is und]/ood4
  ,x may p]haps be said t !re is ano!r  
conception ( ,god possible1 & t we may  

see him z p]sonal1 )\t at ! same "t     
believ+ t he has any actual tangible    
exi/5ce4 ,?us we p]sonify hope1 tru?1 & 
ju/ice1 )\t int5d+ to convey to anyone !
 impression t ^! qualities are wom51 )  
fle% & blood4 ,aga91 we d n ?9k (       
,nature z an actual woman1 ?\gh we call 
h] "o2 :y may we n conceive ( ,god1 !n1 
z an expression :]eby we p]sonify1 by a 
figure ( spee* only2 ! ?+ t is int5d$   
be+ no p]son1 b our own highe/ ideal (  
p[]1 wisdom1 & duration4  ,!re w\ld be  
no reason to compla9 ( ?is if ?is mann] 
( us+ ! ^w ,god 7 well und]/ood4 ,_m    
words h two mean+s1 or ev5 ?ree1 )\t any
 mis*iev\s confusion ( ?\ght foll[+4    
,!re c n only be no objection to ! use (
 ! ^w ,god z a mann] ( express+ ! highe/
 ideal ( :i* our m9ds c conceive1 b on !
 contr>y no bett] expression c be f\nd1 
& x is a pity ! ^w is n ?us m g5]ally   
us$4  ,few1 h[ev]1 w\ld be cont5t ) any 
su* limitation ( ,god z t he %\ld be an 
idea only1 an expression = c]ta9        
qualities ( human ?\ght & action4 ,:5ce1

 x may be fairly ask$1 did our deeply   
root$ belief 9 ,god z a ,liv+ ,p]son    
orig9ate8 ,! idea ( him z ( an          
inconceivably va/1 anci5t1 p[]ful1 lov+1
 & yet =midable ,p]son is "o :i*        
survives all *anges ( detail 9 m5's     
op9ion4 ,i believe !re are a few v      
savage tribes :o are z absolutely )\t   
religi\s s5se z ! bea/s ( ! field1 b !  
va/ majority = a long "t pa/ h be5      
possess$ ) an idea t !re is some:]e a   
,liv+ ,god :o is ! ,_s & ! ,life ( all t
 is1 & :o is a true ,p]son ) an         
individuality & self-consci\sness ( 8   
own4 ,x is only natural t we %\ld be    
ask$ h[ su* an idea has rema9$ 9 ! m9ds 
( s _m--:o diff] ^u almo/ e o!r "p ( _! 
philosophy-= s long a "t if x 0 )\t     
f\ndation1 & a piece ( dreamy my/icism  
only4  ,true1 x has g5]ally be5 decl>$ t
 ?is ,god is an inf9ite ,god1 & an      
inf9ite ,god is a ,god )\t any b\nds or 
limitations2 & a ,god )\t b\nds or      
limitations is an imp]sonal ,god2 & an  
imp]sonal ,god is ,a!ism4 ,b may n ?is  

be ! incoh]5cy ( prophecy :i* prec$es ! 
successful ma/]+ ( an idea8 ,may we n   
?9k ( ?is illusory expression z hav+    
aris5 f inability to see ! :]eab\ts ( a 
c]ta9 va/ b tangible ,p]son z to ^:     
exi/5ce m5 7 nev]!less cle>8 ,if !y felt
 t x exi/$1 & yet c\ld n say :]e1 nor   
:]e9 x 0 to be laid h&s on1 !y w\ld be v
 likely to get out ( ! difficulty by    
say+ t x exi/$ z an inf9ite ,_s1 p>tly f
 a desire to magnify :at !y felt mu/ be 
s va/ & p[]ful1 & p>tly because !y _h z 
yet only a vague conception ( :at !y 7  
aim+ at1 & mu/1 !re=e1 be/ express x    
vaguely4  ,we mu/ n be surpris$ t :5 an 
idea is /ill in*oate its expression %\ld
 be inconsi/5t & imp]fect-ideas w almo/ 
always dur+ ! e>li] hi/ory ( a ?\ght be 
put toge!r exp]im5tally s z to see :e!r 
or no !y w coh]e4 ,p>tly out ( indol5ce1
 p>tly out ( ! desire ( ^? :o br\ght !  
ideas toge!r to be decl>$ "r1 & p>tly   
out ( joy t ! tru? %\ld be suppos$ f\nd1
 incoh]5t ideas w be kept toge!r long]  
?an !y %\ld be2 nev]!less !y w 9 ! end  

deta* !mselves & g1 if o!rs pres5t      
!mselves :i* fit into _! place bett]4   
,!re is no consi/5cy :i* has n once be5 
inconsi/5t1 nor coh]5cy t has n be5     
incoh]5t4 ,! incoh]5cy ( our ideas      
conc]n+ ,god is due to ! fact t we h n  
yet truly f\nd him1 b x does n argue t  
he does n exi/ & _c be f\nd any:]e aft] 
m dilig5t se>*2 on ! contr>y1 ! p]si/5ce
 ( ! ma9 idea1 9 spite ( ! incoh]5cy (  
its details1 po9ts /rongly 9 ! direction
 ( believ+ t x re/s ^u a f\ndation 9    
fact4  ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ !re c be no 
,god :o is n p]sonal & mat]ial3 & if    
p]sonal1 !n1 ?\gh inconceivably va/ 9   
comp>ison ) man1 /ill limit$ 9 space &  
"t1 & capable ( mak+ mi/akes conc]n+ 8  
own int]e/s1 ?\gh z a g5]al rule "r 9 8 
e/imates conc]n+ !m4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ?is   
,be+8 ,he mu/ be on e>?1 or :at folly c 
be great] ?an speak+ ( him z a p]son8   
,:at are p]sons on any o!r e>? to u1 or 
we to !m8 ,he mu/ h exi/$ & be go+ to   
exi/ ?r\gh all "t1 & he mu/ h a tangible
 body4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! body ( ?is ,god8  

,& :at is ! my/]y ( 8 ,inc>nation8  ,x w
 be my bus9ess to %[ ?is 9 ! foll[+     
*apt]4    ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,tree ,,(  
,,life  ,a!ism d5ies k ( a ,god ( any   
k9d4 ,pan!ism & ,!ism alike pr(ess to   
give u a ,god1 b !y alike fail to p]=m  
:at !y h promis$4 ,we c "k no?+ ( ! ,god
 !y (f] u1 = n ev5 d !y !mselves pr(ess 
t any ( our s5ses c be cognisant sic (  
him4 ,!y tell u t he is a p]sonal ,god1 
b t he has no mat]ial p]son4 ,?is is    
disguis$ ,a!ism4 ,:at we want is a      
,p]sonal ,god1 ! glory ( ^: ,pres5ce c  
be made 9 "p evid5t to our s5ses1 ?\gh  
:at we c realise sic is less ?an no?+ 9 
comp>ison ) :at we mu/ leave = ev]      
unimag9$4  ,& truly su* a ,god is n f> f
 e "o ( u2 = if we survey ! broad] &    
deep] curr5ts ( m5's ?\ghts dur+ ! la/  
?ree ?\s& ye>s1 we may obs]ve two great 
& /eady sets z hav+ c>ri$ away ) !m ! m 
eligible races ( mank9d4 ,! "o is a     
t5d5cy f ,poly!ism to ,mono!ism2 ! o!r f
 ,polytypism to ,monotypism ( ! e>lie/  
=ms ( life-all animal & vegetable =ms   

hav+ at l5g? come to be reg>d$ z        
diff]5tiations ( a s+le sub/ance-to wit1
 protoplasm4  ,no man does well s to    
kick aga9/ ! pricks z to set himself    
aga9/ t5d5cies ( su* dep?1 /r5g?1 &     
p]man5ce z ?is4 ,if he is to be 9 h>mony
 ) ! dom9ant op9ion ( 8 own & ( _m pa/  
ages1 he w see a s+le ,god-impregnate   
sub/ance z hav+ be5 ! p>5t f :i* all    
liv+ =ms h sprung4 ,"o _s1 & "o =m      
capable ( su* modification z its direct+
 _s %all ?9k fit2 "o s\l & "o body1 "o  
,god & "o ,life4  ,= ! "t has come :5 ! 
two unities s pa9fully arriv$ at mu/ be 
jo9$ toge!r z body & s\l1 & be se5 n z  
two1 b "o4 ,!re is no liv+ organism     
unt5ant$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 nor any ,_s ( 
,god p]ceivable by man ap>t f organism  
embody+ & express+ x4 ,god & ! ,life ( !
 ,_w are l a m\nta91 :i* w pres5t       
diff]5t aspects z we look at x f diff]5t
 sides1 b :i*1 :5 we h gone all r\nd x1 
proves to be "o only4 ,god is ! animal &
 vegetable _w1 & ! animal & vegetable _w
 is ,god4  ,i h repeat$ly said t we     

ought to see all animal & vegetable life
 z unit+ to =m a s+le p]sonality4 ,i    
%\ld p]haps expla9 ?is m fully1 = ! idea
 ( a comp\nd p]son is "o :i* at fir/ is 
n v easy to grasp1 inasmu* z we are n   
consci\s ( any b our m sup]ficial       
aspects1 & h !re=e until lately fail$ to
 und]/& t we are ourselves comp\nd      
p]sons4 ,i may p]haps be all[$ to quote 
f an e>li] "w4  ,ea* cell 9 ! human body
 is n[ admitt$ by physiologi/s to be a  
p]son ) an intellig5t s\l1 diff]+ f our 
own m complex s\l 9 degree & n 9 k9d1 &1
 l ourselves1 be+ born1 liv+1 & dy+4 ,x 
w\ld appe>1 !n1 z ?\gh 'we1' 'our s\ls1'
 or 'selves1' or 'p]sonalities1' or by  
:atev] "n we may pref] to be call$1 are 
b ! cons5sus & full-fl[+ /ream (        
c\ntless s5sations & impulses on ! "p ( 
our tribut>y s\ls or 'selves1' :o       
probably no m "k t we exi/1 & t !y exi/ 
z a "p ( u1 ?an a microscopic insect    
kn[s ! results ( spectrum analysis1 or  
?an an agricultural lab\r] sic kn[s !   
work+ ( ! ,briti% ,con/itution2 & ( :om 

we "k no m ?an we d ( ! habits & feel+s 
( "s class widely sep>at$ f our         
own4-7,life & ,habit1 p4 #aaj47  ,aft]  
:i* x became natural to ask ! foll[+    
"q3--,is x possible to avoid imag9+ t we
 may be ourselves atoms1 undesign$ly    
comb9+ to =m "s va/] be+1 ?\gh we are   
utt]ly incapable ( p]ceiv+ ?is be+ z a  
s+le individual1 or ( realis+ sic !     
s*eme & scope ( our own comb9ation8 ,&  
?is1 too1 n a spiritual be+1 :i*1 )\t   
matt] or :at we ?9k matt] ( "s sort1 is 
z complete nons5se to u z ?\gh m5 bade u
 love & lean ^u an intellig5t vacuum1 b 
a be+ ) :at is virtually fle% & blood & 
bones1 ) organs1 s5ses1 dim5sions 9 "s  
way analog\s to our own1 into "s o!r "p 
( :i* be+ at ! "t ( our great *ange we  
mu/ infallibly re-ent]1 />t+ clean anew1
 ) bygones bygones1 & no m a*e = ev] f  
age or antec$5ts4  ',an organic be+1'   
writes ,mr4 ,d>w91 'is a microcosm1 a   
little univ]se1 =m$ ( a ho/ (           
self-propagat+ organisms inconceivably  
m9ute & num]\s z ! />s 9 ,heav54' ,z ^! 

myriads ( small] organisms are p>ts &   
processes ( u1 s are we p>ts & processes
 ( life at l>ge4  ,a tree is compos$ ( a
 multitude ( subord9ate trees1 ea* bud  
be+ a di/9ct individual4 ,s coral       
polypes sic =m a tree-l gr[? ( animal   
life1 ) bran*es f :i* spr+ individual   
polypes sic t are connect$ by a common  
tissue & support$ by a common skeleton4 
,we h no difficulty 9 see+ a unity 9    
multitude1 & a multitude 9 unity "h1    
because we c obs]ve ! wood & ! gelat9\s 
tissue connect+ toge!r all ! individuals
 :i* compose ei!r ! tree or ! mass (    
polypes sic4 ,yet ! skeleton1 :e!r (    
tree or ( polype sic1 is inanimate2 & ! 
tissue1 :e!r ( b>k or gelat9e sic1 is   
only ! matt$ roots ( ! individual buds2 
s t ! outw>d & /rik+ connection betwe5 !
 individuals is m delusive ?an real4 ,! 
true connection is "o :i* _c be se51 &  
consi/s 9 ! animation ( ea* bud by a l  
_s-9 ! community ( s\l1 9 ! voice ( !   
,"l :i* make? m5 to be ( "o m9d 9 an    
h\se-to dwell toge!r 9 unity-to take :at

 are practically id5tical views ( ?+s1 &
 express !mselves 9 conc]t "u all       
circum/ances4 ,provid$ ?is-! true unifi]
 ( organism-c be %[n to exi/1 ! abs5ce (
 gross outw>d & visible b inanimate     
common skeleton is no b> to on5ess (    
p]sonality4  ,let u picture to our m9ds 
a tree ( :i* all ! woody fibre sic %all 
be invisible1 ! buds & leaves seem+ to  
/& 9 mid-air unsupport$ & unconnect$ )  
"o ano!r1 s t !re is no?+ b a c]ta9     
tree-l collocation ( foliage to sugge/  
any common pr9ciple ( gr[? unit+ !      
leaves4  ,?ree or f\r leaves ( diff]5t  
ages /& liv+ toge!r at ! place 9 ! air  
:]e ! end ( ea* b\gh %\ld be2 ( ^! !    
y\nge/ are /ill t5d] & 9 ! bud1 :ile !  
old] ones are turn+ yell[ & on ! po9t ( 
fall+4 ,betwe5 ^! leaves a sort ( twig-l
 gr[? c be detect$ if !y are look$ at 9 
c]ta9 lights1 b x is h>d to see1 except 
p]haps :5 a bud is on ! po9t ( com+ out4
 ,!n !re does appe> to be a connection  
:i* might be call$ bran*-l4  ,! sep>ate 
tufts are v diff]5t f "o ano!r1 s t oak 

leaves1 a% leaves1 horse-*e/nut leaves1 
etc41 are ea* repres5t$1 b !re is "o    
species only at ! end ( ea* b\gh4  ,?\gh
 ! trunk & all ! inn] b\ghs & leaves h  
disappe>$1 yet !re hang "h & !re fossil 
leaves1 also 9 mid-air2 !y appe> to h   
be5 petrifi$1 )\t me?od or selection1 by
 :at we call ! caprices ( nature2 !y    
hang 9 ! pa? :i* ! b\ghs & twigs w\ld h 
tak51 & !y seem to indicate t if ! tree 
c\ld h be5 se5 a million ye>s e>li]1    
be=e x _h gr[n ne> its pres5t size1 !   
leaves /&+ at ! end ( ea* b\gh w\ld h   
be5 f\nd v diff]5t f :at !y are n[4 ,let
 u suppose t all ! leaves at ! end ( all
 ! invisible b\ghs1 no matt] h[ diff]5t 
!y n[ are f "o ano!r1 7 f\nd 9 e>lie/   
budhood to be absolutely indi/+ui%able1 
& aft]w>ds to develop t[>ds ea*         
diff]5tiation ?r\gh /ages :i* 7 indicat$
 by ! fossil leaves4 ,la/ly1 let u      
suppose t ?\gh ! b\ghs :i* seem want$ to
 connect all ! liv+ =ms ( leaves ) !    
fossil leaves1 & ) c\ntless =ms ( :i*   
all trace has disappe>$1 & also ) a s+le

 root-h become invisible1 yet t !re is  
irrefragable evid5ce to %[ t !y once    
actually exi/$1 & inde$ are exi/+ at ?is
 mom5t1 9 a condition z real ?\gh z     
invisible to ! eye z air or electricity4
 ,%\ld we1 ,i ask1 "u ^! circum/ances   
hesitate to call our imag9>y plant or   
tree by a s+le "n1 & to ?9k ( x z "o    
p]son1 m]ely ^u ! score t ! woody fibre 
sic 0 invisible8 ,%\ld we n e/eem !     
common s\l1 memories & pr9ciples ( gr[? 
:i* are pres]v$ betwe5 all ! buds1 no   
matt] h[ widely !y diff] 9 detail1 z a m
 liv+ bond ( union ?an a framework (    
wood w\ld be1 :i*1 ?\gh x 7 visible to !
 eye1 w\ld /ill be inanimate8  ,!       
mi/letoe appe>s z closely connect$ ) !  
tree on :i* x gr[s z any ( ! buds ( !   
tree itself2 x is f$ ^u ! same sap z !  
o!r buds are1 :i* sap-h[ev] mu* x may   
modify x at ! la/ mom5t-x draws ?r\gh ! 
same fibres sic z d its fo/]-bro!rs-:y  
!n d we at once feel t ! mi/letoe is no 
"p ( ! apple tree8 ,n f any want (      
manife/ cont9uity1 b f ! spiritual      

diff]5ce-f ! pr(\ndly diff]5t views (   
life & ?+s :i* are tak5 by ! p>asite & !
 tree on :i* x gr[s-! two are n[ diff]5t
 because !y ?9k diff]5tly-z long z !y   
?\ght alike !y 7 alike-t is to say !y 7 
protoplasm-!y & we & all t lives meet+ 9
 ?is common sub/ance4  ,we ought !re=e  
to reg>d our suppos$ tufts ( leaves z a 
tree1 t is to say1 z a comp\nd exi/5ce1 
ea* "o ( ^: compon5t items is comp\nd$ (
 o!rs :i* are also 9 _! turn comp\nd$4  
,b ! tree above describ$ is no imag9>y  
p>allel to ! condition ( life ^u !      
globe2 x is p]haps z accurate a         
description ( ! ,tree ( ,life z c be put
 into s small a compass4 ,! mo/ sure    
pro( ( a man's id5tity is ! p[] to      
rememb] t su* & su* ?+s happ5$1 :i* none
 b he c "k2 ! mo/ sure pro( ( 8 rememb]+
 is ! p[] to react 8 "p 9 ! orig9al     
drama1 :atev] x may h be52 if a man c   
repeat a p]=mance ) consummate tru?1 & c
 /& any am\nt ( cross-que/ion+ ab\t x1  
he is ! p]=m] ( ! orig9al p]=mance1     
:atev] x 04 ,! memories :i* all liv+ =ms

 prove by _! actions t !y possess-!     
memories ( _! common id5tity ) a s+le   
p]son 9 :om !y meet-?is is inconte/able 
pro( ( _! be+ animat$ by a common s\l4  
,x is c]ta91 !re=e1 t all liv+ =ms1 :e!r
 animal or vegetable1 are 9 reality "o  
animal2 we & ! mosses be+ "p ( ! same   
va/ p]son 9 no figurative s5se1 b ) z   
mu* bona fide lit]al tru? z :5 we say t 
a man's f+]-nails & 8 eyes are p>ts ( ! 
same man4  ,x is 9 ?is ,p]son t we may  
see ! ,body ( ,god-& 9 ! evolution ( ?is
 ,p]son1 ! my/]y ( ,8 ,inc>nation4  ,9  
,unconsci\s ,memory1 ,*apt] ,v1 ,butl]  
wrote3 ,9 ! articles above allud$ to    
7,god ! ,kn[n & ,god ! ,unkn[n7 ,i      
sep>at$ ! organic f ! inorganic1 b :5 ,i
 came to rewrite !m ,i f\nd t ?is c\ld n
 be done1 & t ,i mu/ recon/ruct :at ,i  
_h writt54 ,?is recon/ruction nev] hav+ 
be5 effect$1 x may be well to quote     
fur!r f ,unconsci\s ,memory 7conclud+   
*apt]73 ,at p>t+1 !re=e1 ,i w\ld        
recomm5d ! read] to see e atom 9 !      
univ]se z liv+ & able to feel & rememb]1

 b 9 a humble way4 ,he mu/ h life et]nal
 z well z matt] et]nal2 & ! life & !    
matt] mu/ be jo9$ toge!r insep>ably z   
body & s\l to "o ano!r4 ,?us he w see   
,god ev]y:]e1 n z ^? :o repeat phrases  
conv5tionally1 b z p :o w\ld h _! words 
tak5 accord+ to _! mo/ natural &        
legitimate mean+2 & he w feel t ! ma9   
diff]5ce betwe5 him & _m ( ^? :o oppose 
him lies 9 ! fact t :]eas bo? he & !y   
use ! same language1 8 oppon5ts only    
half mean :at !y say1 :ile he means x   
entirely444 ,we %all endeav\r sic to see
 ! s-call$ inorganic z liv+1 9 respect (
 ! qualities x has 9 common ) ! organic1
 r ?an ! organic z non-liv+ 9 respect ( 
! qualities x has 9 common ) !          
inorganic4    ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,!        
,,lik5ess ,,( ,,god  ,9 my la/ *apt] ,i 
endeav\r$ sic to %[ t ea* liv+ be+1 :e!r
 animal or plant1 ?r\gh\t ! _w is a     
compon5t item ( a s+le p]sonality1 9 !  
same way z ea* individual citiz5 ( a    
community is a memb] ( "o /ate1 or z ea*
 cell ( our own bodies is a sep>ate     

p]son1 or ea* bud ( a tree a sep>ate    
plant4 ,we mu/ !re=e see ! :ole v>i$    
cong]ies ( liv+ ?+s z a s+le v anci5t   
,be+1 ( inconceivable va/ness1 & animat$
 by "o ,_s4  ,we call ! octog5>ian "o   
p]son ) ! embryo ( a few days old f :i* 
he has develop$4 ,an oak or yew tree may
 be two ?\s& ye>s old1 b we call x "o   
plant ) ! se$ f :i* x has gr[n4         
,millions ( individual buds h come &    
gone1 to ! ye>ly wa/+ & repair+ ( its   
sub/ance2 b ! tree /ill lives & ?rives1 
& ! dead leaves h life !re94 ,s ! ,tree 
( ,life /ill lives & ?rives z a s+le    
p]son1 no matt] h[ _m new features x has
 acquir$ dur+ its developm5t1 nor1 aga91
 h[ _m ( its individual leaves fall     
yell[ to ! gr\nd daily4 ,! _s or s\l (  
?is p]son is ! ,_s ( ,god1 & its body-= 
we "k ( no s\l or _s )\t a body1 nor (  
any liv+ body )\t a _s or s\l1 & if !re 
is a ,god at all !re mu/ be a body (    
,god-is ! _m-memb]$ outgr[? (           
protoplasm1 ! ensemble ( animal &       
vegetable life4  ,to repeat4 ,!         

,!ologian ( to-day tells u t !re is a   
,god1 b is horrifi$ at ! idea ( t ,god  
hav+ a body4 ,we say t we believe 9     
,god1 b t our m9ds refuse to realise sic
 an intellig5t ,be+ :o has no bodily    
p]son4 ,:]e !n1 says ! ,!ologian1 is !  
body ( y\r ,god8 ,we h answ]$1 ,9 ! liv+
 =ms ^u ! e>?1 :i*1 ?\gh !y look _m1    
are1 :5 we reg>d !m by ! light ( _!     
hi/ory & ( true analogies1 "o p]son     
only4 ,! spiritual connection betwe5 !m 
is a m real bond ( union ?an ! visible  
discont9uity ( mat]ial p>ts is gr\nd =  
sep>at+ !m 9 our ?\ghts4  ,let ! read]  
look at a case ( mo?s 9 ! %op-w9d[ ( a  
naturali/1 & note ! unspeakable         
delicacy1 beauty1 & yet s]viceabl5ess ( 
_! w+s2 or let him look at a case (     
humm+-birds1 & rememb] h[ inf9itely     
small a "p ( ,nature is ! :ole gr\p ( ! 
animals he may be consid]+1 & h[        
inf9itely small a "p ( t gr\p is ! case 
t he is look+ at4 ,let him be> 9 m9d t  
he is look+ on ! dead husks only ( :at 0
 inconceivably m m>vell\s sic :5 ! mo?s 

or humm+-birds 7 alive4 ,let him ?9k ( !
 va/ness ( ! e>?1 & ( ! activity by day 
& night ?r\gh c\ntless ages ( su*       
c\ntless =ms ( animal & vegetable life z
 t no human m9d c =m ! fa9te/ approa* to
 any?+ t c be call$ a conception ( _!   
multitude1 & let him rememb] t all ^!   
=ms h t\*$ & t\*$ & t\*$ o!r liv+ be+s  
till !y meet back on a common sub/ance 9
 :i* !y are root$1 & f :i* !y all bran* 
=? s z to be "o animal4 ,w he n 9 ?is   
real & tangible exi/5ce f9d a ,god :o is
 z mu* m wor?y ( admiration ?an ! ,god (
 ! ord9>y ,!ologian-z ,he is also m easy
 ( compreh5sion8  ,= ! ,!ologian dreams 
( a ,god sitt+ above ! cl\ds among !    
*]ubim1 :o bl[ _! l\d uplift$ angel     
trumpets be=e ,him1 & hum\r sic ,him z  
?\gh ,he 7 "s despot 9 an ,ori5tal tale2
 b we en?rone ,him ^u ! w+s ( birds1 on 
! petals ( fl[]s1 on ! faces ( our      
fri5ds1 & ^u :atev] we mo/ delight 9 (  
all t lives ^u ! e>?4 ,we !n c n only   
love ,him1 b we c d t )\t :i* love has  
nei!r p[] nor sweetness1 b is a phantom 

only1 an imp]sonal p]son1 a va9 /ret*+  
=? ( arms t[>ds some?+ t c nev] fill    
!m-we c express our love & h x express$ 
to u 9 return4 ,& ?is n 9 ! upre>+ (    
/one temples-= ! ,"l dwelle? sic 9      
temples made ) o!r organs ?an h&s-nor   
yet 9 ! cleans+ ( our he>ts1 b 9 ! c>ess
 be/[$ ^u horse & dog1 & kisses ^u !    
lips ( ^? we love4  ,wide1 h[ev]1 z is !
 diff]5ce betwe5 ! or?odox ,!ologian &  
ourselves1 x is n m rem>kable ?an !     
numb] ( ! po9ts on :i* we c agree ) him1
 & on :i*1 moreov]1 we c make 8 mean+   
cle>] to himself ?an x c h ev] hi!rto   
be54 ,he1 = example1 says t man has be5 
made 9 ! image ( ,god1 b he _c mean :at 
he says1 unless 8 ,god has a mat]ial    
body2 we1 on ! o!r h&1 d n inde$ believe
 t ! body ( ,god-! incorporation ( all  
life-is l ! body ( a man1 m ?an we      
believe ea* "o ( our own cells or       
subord9ate p]sonalities to be l a man 9 
m9iature2 b we nev]!less hold t ea* (   
our tribut>y selves is s f> made aft] ! 
lik5ess ( ! body corporate t x possesses

 all our ma9 & ess5tial *>act]i/ics-t is
 to say1 t x c wa/e & repair itself2 c  
feel1 move1 & rememb]4 ,to ?is ext5t1   
also1 we-:o /& 9 mean proportional      
betwe5 our tribut>y p]sonalities &      
,god-are made 9 ! lik5ess ( ,god2 = we1 
& ,god1 & our subord9ate cells alike    
possess ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( life   
:i* h be5 above recit$4 ,x is m true1   
!re=e1 = u to say t we are made 9 !     
lik5ess ( ,god ?an = ! or?odox ,!ologian
 to d s4  ,nor1 aga91 d we f9d          
difficulty 9 adopt+ su* an expression z 
t ,god has tak5 our nature ^u ,him4 ,we 
hold ?is z firmly1 & mu* m s1 ?an       
,*ri/ians c d1 b we say t ?is is no new 
?+ = ,him to d1 = t ,he has tak5 fle% & 
dwelt among u f ! day t ,he fir/ assum$ 
our %ape1 "s millions ( ye>s ago1 until 
n[4 ,god _c become man m especially ?an 
,he c become o!r liv+ =ms1 any m ?an we 
c be our eyes m especially ?an any o!r (
 our organs4 ,we may develop l>g] eyes1 
s t our eyes may come to occupy a /ill m
 important place 9 our economy ?an !y d 

at pres5t2 & 9 a simil> way ! human race
 may become a m pr$om9ant "p ( ,god ?an 
x n[ is-b we _c admit t "o liv+ =m is m 
l ,god ?an ano!r2 we mu/ hold all       
equally l ,him1 inasmu* z !y keep ev]1 z
 ,buffon says1 ! same fundam5tal unity1 
9 spite ( diff]5ces ( detail-nutrition1 
developm5t1 reproduction 7&1 ,i w\ld    
add1 memory7 be+ ! common traits ( all  
organic bodies4 ,! utmo/ we c admit is1 
t "s embodim5ts ( ! ,_s ( ,life may be m
 important ?an o!rs to ! welf>e ( ,life 
z a :ole1 9 ! same way z "s ( our organs
 are m important ?an o!rs to ourselves4 
,b ! above resemblances betwe5 !        
language :i* we c adopt intellig5tly & t
 :i* ,!ologians use vaguely1 seem to    
r$uce ! diff]5ces ( op9ion betwe5 ! two 
cont5d+ p>ties to disputes ab\t detail4 
,= ev5 ^? :o believe _! ideas to be !   
mo/ def9ite1 & :o picture to !mselves a 
,god z an?ropomorphic z ,he 0 repres5t$ 
by ,raffaelle1 are yet n prep>$ to /& by
 _! ideas if !y are h>d press$ 9 ! same 
way z we are by ours4 ,^? :o say t ,god 

became man & took fle% ^u ,him1 & t ,he 
is n[ p]fect ,god & p]fect man ( a      
reasonable s\l & human fle% subsi/+1 w  
yet n mean t ,*ri/ has a he>t1 blood1 a 
/oma*1 etc41 l man's1 :i*1 if he has n1 
x is idle to speak ( him z p]fect man4  
,i am p]suad$ t !y d n mean ?is1 nor wi%
 to mean x2 b t !y h be5 l$ into say+ x 
by a s]ies ( /eps :i* x is v easy to    
und]/& & sympa?ise sic )1 if !y are     
consid]$ ) any dilig5ce4  ,= our        
=efa!rs1 ?\gh !y might & did feel !     
exi/5ce ( a ,p]sonal ,god 9 ! _w1 yet   
c\ld n demon/rate ?is exi/5ce1 & made   
mi/akes 9 _! endeav\r sic to p]suade    
!mselves t !y und]/ood ?or\ghly a tru?  
:i* !y _h z yet p]ceiv$ only f a long   
di/ance4 ,h5ce all ! dogmatism & !ology 
( _m c5turies4 ,x 0 impossible = !m to  
=m a cle> or def9ite conception conc]n+ 
,god until !y _h /udi$ ,8 works m       
deeply1 s z to grasp ! idea ( _m animals
 ( diff]5t k9ds & ) no app>5t connection
 betwe5 !m1 be+ yet truly p>ts ( "o & ! 
same animal :i* compris$ !m 9 ! same way

 z a tree comprises all its buds4 ,!y   
might speak ( ?is by a figure ( spee*1 b
 !y c\ld n see x z a fact4 ,be=e ?is    
c\ld be int5d$ lit]ally1 ,evolution mu/ 
be grasp$1 & n ,evolution z taught 9 :at
 is n[ commonly call$ ,d>w9ism1 b ! old 
teleological ,d>w9ism ( eighty ye>s ago4
 ,nor is ?is aga9 suffici5t1 = x mu/ be 
supplem5t$ by a p]ception ( ! on5ess (  
p]sonality betwe5 p>5ts & (fspr+1 !     
p]si/5ce ( memory ?r\gh all g5]ations1 !
 lat5cy ( ?is memory until rek9dl$ by ! 
recurr5ce ( ! associat$ ideas1 & !      
unconsci\sness ) :i* repeat$ acts come  
to be p]=m$4 ,^! are mod]n ideas :i*    
might be caught sight ( n[ & aga9 by    
prophets 9 "t pa/1 b :i* are ev5 n[     
ma/]$ & held firmly only by ! few4  ,:5 
once1 h[ev]1 ^! ideas h be5 accept$1 !  
*ief diff]5ce betwe5 ! or?odox ,god & ! 
,god :o c be se5 ( all m5 is1 t ! fir/  
is suppos$ to h exi/$ f all "t1 :ile !  
second has only liv$ = m millions ( ye>s
 ?an our m9ds c reckon intellig5tly2 !  
fir/ is omnipres5t 9 all space1 :ile !  

second is only pres5t 9 ! liv+ =ms ^u   
?is e>?-t is to say1 is only m widely   
pres5t ?an our m9ds c intellig5tly      
embrace4 ,! fir/ is omnipot5t &         
all-wise2 ! second is only              
quasi-omnipot5t & quasi all-wise4 ,x is 
true1 !n1 t we deprive ,god ( t inf9ity 
:i* or?odox ,!ologians h ascrib$ to     
,him1 b ! b\nds we leave ,him are ( su* 
incalculable ext5t t no?+ c be imag9$ m 
glori\s or va/]2 & 9 return = !         
limitations we h assign$ to ,him1 we    
r5d] x possible = m5 to believe 9 ,him1 
& love ,him1 n ) _! lips only1 b ) _!   
he>ts & lives4  ,:i*1 ,i may n[ v5ture  
to ask my read]s1 is ! true ,god-! ,god 
( ! ,!ologian1 or ,he :om we may see    
ar\nd u1 & 9 ^: pres5ce we /& ea* h\r & 
mom5t ( our lives8    ,,*apt] ,,viii4   
,,! ,,life ,,ev]la/+  ,let u n[ consid] 
! life :i* we c look =w>d to ) c]ta9ty  
aft] dea?1 & ! moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w "h 
on e>?4  ,if we c\ld he> ! leaves       
compla9+ to "o ano!r t !y mu/ die1 &    
commis]at+ ! h>dness ( _! lot 9 hav+ ev]

 be5 induc$ to bud =?1 we %\ld1 ,i      
imag9e1 despise !m = _! peevi%ness m ?an
 we %\ld pity !m4 ,we %\ld tell !m t    
?\gh we c\ld n see reason = ?9k+ t !y   
w\ld ev] hang aga9 ^u ! same-or any at  
all simil>-b\gh z ! same individual     
leaves1 aft] !y _h once fad$ & fall5 (f1
 yet t z !y _h be5 *ang+ p]sonalities   
)\t feel+ x dur+ ! :ole ( _! leafhood1 s
 !y w\ld on dea? cont9ue to d ?is       
selfsame ?+ by ent]+ into new phases (  
life4 ,true1 dea? w deprive !m (        
consci\s memory conc]n+ _! n[ curr5t    
life2 b1 ?\gh !y die z leaves1 !y live 9
 ! tree :om !y h help$ to vivify1 & ^:  
gr[? & cont9u$ well-be+ is due solely to
 ?is life & dea? ( its compon5t         
p]sonalities4  ,we consid] ! cells :i*  
are born & die )9 u ye>ly to h be5      
suffici5tly hon\r$ sic 9 hav+ contribut$
 _! quotum to our life2 :y %\ld we h su*
 difficulty 9 see+ t a heal?y enjoym5t &
 employm5t ( our life w give u a        
suffici5t rew>d 9 t gr[? ( ,god :]e9 we 
may live m truly & effectually aft] dea?

 ?an we h liv$ :5 we 7 consci\s (       
exi/5ce8 ,is ,h&el dead :5 he influ5ces 
& sets 9 motion m human be+s 9 ?ree     
mon?s n[ ?an dur+ ! :ole1 probably1 ( ! 
ye>s 9 :i* he ?\ght t he 0 alive8 ,:at  
is be+ alive if ! p[] to draw m5 = _m   
miles 9 ord] t !y may put !mselves en   
rapport ) him is n be+ s8 ,true1 ,h&el  
no long] kn[s ! p[] :i* he has ov] u1 b 
?is is a small matt]2 he no long]       
animates six feet ( fle% & blood1 b he  
lives 9 u z ! dead leaf lives 9 ! tree4 
,he is ) ,god1 & ,god kn[s him ?\gh he  
kn[s himself no m4  ,?is %\ld suffice1 &
 ,i obs]ve 9 practice does suffice1 =   
all reasonable p]sons4 ,x may be said t 
"o day ! tree itself mu/ die1 & ! leaves
 no long] live !re92 & s1 also1 t ! v   
,god or ,life ( ! ,_w w "o day p]i%1 z  
all t is born mu/ surely 9 ! end die4 ,b
 !y :o fret ^u su* gr\nds z ?is mu/ be 9
 s mu* want ( a grievance t x 7 a       
cruelty to rob !m ( "o3 if a man :o is  
fond ( music tortures himself on ! gr\nd
 t "o day all possible comb9ations &    

p]mutations ( s\nds w h be5 exhau/$ s t 
!re c be no m new tunes1 ! only ?+ we c 
d ) him is to pity him & leave him2 nor 
is !re any bett] c\rse ?an ?is to take )
 ^? idle p :o worry !mselves & o!rs on !
 score t !y w "o day be unable to       
rememb] ! small balance ( _! lives t !y 
h n already =gott5 z unimportant to !m-t
 !y w "o day die to ! balance ( :at !y h
 n already di$ to4 ,i nev] knew a       
well-br$ or amiable p]son :o compla9$   
s]i\sly ( ! fact t he w\ld h to die4    
,grant$ we mu/ all sometimes f9d        
ourselves feel+ sorry t we _c rema9 =   
ev] at our pres5t age1 & t we may die s 
mu* soon] ?an we l2 b ^! regrets are    
pass+ ) well-dispos$ p1 & are a s9e qua 
non = ! exi/5ce ( life at all4 ,= if p  
c\ld live = ev] s z to suff] f no su*   
regret1 !re w\ld be no gr[? nor         
developm5t 9 life2 if1 on ! o!r h&1 !re 
7 no unwill+ness to die1 p w\ld commit  
suicide ^u ! smalle/ contradiction1 & ! 
race w\ld end 9 a twelvemon?4  ,we !n   
(f] immortality1 b we d n (f]           

resurrection f ! dead2 we say t ^? :o   
die live 9 ! ,"l :e!r !y be j or unju/1 
& t ! pres5t gr[? ( ,god is ! outcome ( 
all pa/ lives2 b we believe t z !y live 
9 ,god-9 ! effect !y h produc$ ^u !     
univ]sal life-:5 once _! individual life
 is end$1 s x is ,god :o kn[s ( _! life 
!nce=w>d & n !mselves2 & we urge t ?is  
immortality1 ?is entrance into ! joy ( !
 ,"l1 ?is be+ ev] ) ,god1 is true1 & c  
be appreh5d$ by all m51 & t ! p]ception 
( x %\ld & w t5d to make !m lead happi]1
 heal?i] lives2 :]eas ! commonly receiv$
 op9ion is true ) a /age tru? only1 &   
has little p]man5t effect ^u ^? :o are  
be/ wor? consid]+4 ,nev]!less !         
expressions 9 common use among ! or?odox
 fit 9 s p]fectly ) facts1 :i* we mu/   
all ackn[l$ge1 t x is impossible n to   
reg>d ! expressions z f\nd$ ^u a        
prophetic p]ception ( ! facts4  ,two ?+s
 /& out ) suffici5t cle>ness4 ,! fir/ is
 ! r>ity ( suicide ev5 among ^? :o rail 
at life mo/ bitt]ly4 ,! o!r is ! little 
eag]ness ) :i* ^? :o cry out mo/ l\dly =

 a resurrection desire to beg9 _! new   
life4 ,:5 com=t+ a husb& ^u ! loss ( 8  
wife we d n tell him we hope he w soon  
jo9 h]2 b we %\ld c]ta9ly d ?is if we   
c\ld ev5 pret5d we ?\ght ! husb& w\ld l 
x4 ,i c nev] rememb] hav+ felt or       
witness$ any pa91 bodily or m5tal1 :i*  
w\ld h made me or anyone else receive a 
sugge/ion t we _h bett] commit suicide  
)\t indignantly ask+ h[ our advis] w\ld 
l to commit suicide himself4 ,yet !re   
are s _m & su* easy ways ( dy+ t        
indignation at be+ advis$ to commit     
suicide arises m f enjoym5t ( life ?an f
 fe> ( ! m]e physical pa9 ( dy+4 ,grant$
 t !re is mu* deplorable pa9 9 ! _w f   
ill-heal?1 loss ( money1 loss (         
reputation1 misconduct ( ^? ne>e/ to u1 
or :at n1 & grant$ t 9 "s cases ^!      
causes d drive m5 to actual             
self-de/ruction1 yet suff]+ su* z ?is   
happ5s to a comp>atively small numb]1 & 
occupies comp>atively a small space 9 ! 
lives ( ^? to :om x does happ54  ,:at1  
h[ev]1 h we to say to ^? cases 9 :i*    

suff]+ & inju/ice are inflict$ ^u       
def5celess sic p = ye>s & ye>s1 s t !   
iron ent]s into _! s\ls1 & !y h no      
av5g]4 ,c we give any com=t to su*      
suff]]s8 &1 if n1 is our religion any   
bett] ?an a mock]y-a fill+ ! ri* ) good 
?+s & s5d+ ! hungry empty away8 ,c we   
tell !m1 :5 !y are oppress$ ) burd5s1   
yet t _! cry w come up to ,god & be     
he>d8 ,! "q sugge/s its own answ]1 =    
assur$ly our ,god kn[s our inn]mo/      
secrets3 !re is n a ^w 9 our he>ts b ,he
 kn[e? x altoge!r2 ,he kn[e? our        
d[n-sitt+ & our upris+1 ,he is ab\t our 
pa? & ab\t our b$1 & spie? out all our  
ways2 ,he has fa%ion$ u beh9d & be=e1 & 
we _c atta9 su* k1 =1 l all k :5 x has  
become p]fect1 x is too excell5t = u4   
,:i!r !n1 says ,david1 %all ,i g f ?y   
,_s1 or :i!r %all ,i g1 !n1 f ?y        
pres5ce8 ,if ,i climb up into heav5 ?\  
art !re2 if ,i g d[n into hell ?\ art   
!re also4 ,if ,i take ! w+s ( ! morn+ & 
rema9 9 ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! sea2 ev5 !re 
also %all ?y h& lead me1 & ?y "r h& %all

 hold me4 ,if ,i say p]adv5ture !       
d>kness %all cov] me1 !n %all my night  
be turn$ into day3 ! d>kness & light to 
!e are bo? alike4 ,= my re9s are ?9e2 ?\
 ha/ cov]$ me 9 my "m's womb4 ,my bones 
are n hid f !e3 ?\gh ,i be made secretly
 & fa%ion$ b5ea? 9 ! e>?1 ?9e eyes did  
see my sub/ance yet be+ unp]fect2 & 9 ?y
 book 7 all my memb]s writt51 :i* day by
 day 7 fa%ion$ :5 z yet !re 0 none ( !m4
 ,d ,i n hate !m1 ,o ,"l1 t hate !e8 &  
am ,i n griev$ ) !m t rise up aga9/ !e8 
,yea1 ,i hate !m "r sore1 z ?\gh !y 7   
m9e enemies4 7,psalm ,,cxxxix47 ,!re is 
n a ^w ( ?is :i* we _c endorse ) m      
significance1 z well z ) great] he>t9ess
 ?an ^? c :o look ^u ,god z ,he is      
commonly repres5t$ to !m2 :atev] com=t1 
!re=e1 ^? 9 di/ress h be5 9 ! habit (   
receiv+ f ^! & k9dr$ passages1 we       
int5sify r ?an n4 ,we _c1 alas6 make pa9
 cease to be pa91 nor inju/ice easy to  
be>2 b we c %[ t no pa9 is bootless1 & t
 !re is a t5d5cy 9 all inju/ice to "r   
itself2 suff]+ is n inflict$ wilfully1  

sic z x 7 by a magician :o c\ld h av]t$ 
x2 nor is x va9 9 its results1 b unless 
we are cut (f f ,god by hav+ dwelt 9 "s 
place :]e none ( our k9d c "k ( :at has 
happ5$ to u1 x w move ,god's he>t to    
r$ress our grievance1 & w t5d to !      
happ9ess ( ^? :o come aft] u1 ev5 if n  
to our own4  ,! moral gov]nm5t ( ,god   
ov] ! _w is ex]cis$ ?r\gh u1 :o are 8   
m9i/]s & p]sons1 & a gov]nm5t ( ?is     
description is ! only "o :i* c be obs]v$
 z practically influ5c+ m5's conduct4   
,god helps ^? :o help !mselves1 because 
9 help+ !mselves !y are help+ ,him4     
,aga91 ,vox ,populi vox ,dei4 ,! curr5t 
feel+ ( our pe]s is :at we in/9ctively  
turn to :5 we w\ld "k :e!r su* & su* a  
c\rse ( conduct is "r or wrong2 & s     
,paul cl5*es 8 li/ ( ?+s t !            
,philippians 7 to hold fa/ ) ! words1   
:atsoev] ?+s are ( good fame-t is to    
say1 he falls back ^u an appeal to !    
educat$ consci5ce ( 8 age4 ,c]ta9ly !   
wick$ d sometimes appe> to escape       
puni%m5t1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ !re are   

puni%m5ts f )9 :i* d n meet ! eye4 ,if  
^! fall on a man1 he is suffici5tly     
puni%$2 if !y d n fall on him1 x is     
probable we h be5 ov] ha/y 9 assum+ t he
 is wick$4    ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,god ,,!   
,,unkn[n  ,! read] w already h felt t ! 
panzoi/ic conception ( ,god-!           
conception1 t is to say1 ( ,god z       
compris+ all liv+ units 9 ,8 own s+le   
p]son-does n help u to und]/& ! orig9 ( 
matt]1 nor yet t ( ! primordial cell :i*
 has gr[n & unfold$ itself into ! pres5t
 life ( ! _w4 ,h[ 0 ! _w r5d]$ fit = !  
habitation ( ! fir/ g]m ( ,life8 ,h[    
came x to h air & wat]1 )\t :i* no?+ t  
we "k ( z liv+ c exi/8 ,0 ! _w fa%ion$ &
 furni%$ ) aque\s & atmosph]ic adjuncts 
) a view to ! requirem5ts ( ! infant    
monad1 & to 8 due developm5t8 ,if s1 we 
h evid5ce ( design1 & if s ( a design]1 
& if s !re mu/ be ,"s f> va/] ,p]son :o 
looms out beh9d our ,god1 & :o /&s 9 !  
same relation to him z he to u4 ,& beh9d
 ?is va/] & m unkn[n ,god !re may be yet
 ano!r1 & ano!r1 & ano!r4  ,x is c]ta9 t

 ,life did n make ! _w ) a view to its  
own future requirem5ts4 ,= ! _w 0 at "o 
"t r$ hot1 & !re c h be5 no liv+ be+ ^u 
x4 ,nor is x conceivable t matt] 9 :i*  
!re 0 no life-inasmu* z x 0 inf9itely   
hott] ?an ! hotte/ infusion :i* any liv+
 g]m c support-c\ld gradually come to be
 alive )\t impregnation f a liv+ p>5t4  
,all liv+ ?+s t we "k ( h come f o!r    
liv+ ?+s ) bodies & s\ls1 ^: exi/5ce c  
be satisfactorily e/abli%$ 9 spite ( _! 
be+ (t5 too small = our detection4      
,s9ce1 !n1 ! _w 0 once )\t life1 & s9ce 
no analogy po9ts 9 ! direction ( ?9k+ t 
life c spr+ up spontane\sly1 we are     
driv5 to suppose t x 0 introduc$ into   
?is _w f "s o!r s\rce extrane\s to x    
altoge!r1 & if s we f9d ourselves       
irresi/ibly drawn to ! inquiry :e!r !   
s\rce ( ! life t is 9 ! _w-! impregnator
 ( ?is e>?-may n also h prep>$ ! e>? = !
 reception ( 8 (fspr+1 z a h5 makes an  
egg-%ell or a pea* a /one = ! protection
 ( ! g]m )9 x8 ,n only are we drawn to !
 inquiry1 b we are drawn also to ! answ]

 t ! e>? 0 s prep>$ design$ly by a      
,p]son ) body & s\l :o knew be=eh& ! k9d
 ( ?+ he requir$1 & :o took ! necess>y  
/eps to br+ x ab\t4  ,if ?is is s we are
 memb]s inde$ ( ! ,god ( ?is _w1 b we   
are n 8 *ildr52 we are *ildr5 ( !       
,unkn[n & ,va/] ,god :o call$ him into  
exi/5ce2 & ?is 9 a f> m lit]al s5se ?an 
we h be5 9 ! habit ( realis+ sic to     
ourselves4 ,= x may be d\bt$ :e!r !     
monads are n z truly sem9al 9 "* z !    
procreative matt] f :i* all animals     
spr+4  ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t if !re is   
any tru? 9 ! view put =w>d 9 ,life &    
,habit1 & 9 ,evolution ,old & ,new 7& ,i
 h met ) no s]i\s attempt to upset ! l9e
 ( argum5t tak5 9 ei!r ( ^! books71 !n  
no complex animal or plant c rea* its   
full developm5t )\t hav+ already gone   
?r\gh ! /ages ( t developm5t on an      
inf9ite numb] ( pa/ occasions4 ,an egg  
makes itself into a h5 because x kn[s ! 
way to d s1 hav+ already made itself    
into a h5 millions & millions ( times   
ov]2 ! ease & unconsci\sness ) :i* x    

gr[s be+ 9 !mselves suffici5t           
demon/ration ( ?is fact4 ,at ea* /age 9 
its gr[? ! *ick5 is rem9d$1 by a return 
( ! associat$ ideas1 ( ! next /ep t x   
%\ld take1 & x accord+ly takes x4  ,b if
 ?is is s1 & if also ! cong]ies ( all ! 
liv+ =ms 9 ! _w mu/ be reg>d$ z a s+le  
p]son1 ?r\gh\t _! long gr[? f !         
primordial cell onw>ds to ! pres5t day1 
!n1 by p>ity ( reason+1 ! p]son ?us     
comp\nd$-t is to say1 ,life or ,god-%\ld
 h already pass$ ?r\gh a gr[? analog\s  
to t :i* we f9d he has tak5 ^u ?is e>?  
on an inf9ite numb] ( pa/ occasions2 & !
 developm5t ( ea* class ( life1 ) its   
culm9ation 9 ! v]tebrate animals & 9    
man1 %\ld be due to recollection by ,god
 ( 8 hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! same /ages1 or  
ne>ly s1 9 worlds & univ]ses1 :i* we "k 
( f p]sonal recollection1 z evid5c$ 9 ! 
gr[? & /ructure ( our bodies1 b conc]n+ 
:i* we h no o!r k :atsoev]4  ,s small a 
space rema9s to me t ,i _c pursue fur!r 
! reflections :i* sugge/ !mselves4 ,a   
few conclud+ consid]ations are "h alone 

possible4  ,we "k ( ?ree great conc5tric
 phases ( life1 & we are n )\t reason to
 suspect a f\r?4 ,if !re are s _m !re   
are v likely m1 b we d n "k :e!r !re are
 or n4 ,! inn]mo/ sph]e ( life we "k (  
is t ( our own cells4 ,^! p live 9 a _w 
( _! own1 kn[+ no?+ ( u1 nor be+ kn[n by
 ourselves until v rec5tly4 ,yet !y c be
 se5 "u a microscope2 !y c be tak5 out (
 u1 & may !n be wat*$ go+ "h & !re 9    
p]turbation ( m9d1 endeav\r+ sic to f9d 
some?+ 9 _! new environm5t t w suit !m1 
& !n dy+ on f9d+ h[ hopelessly diff]5t x
 is f any to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$4 ,!y 
live 9 u1 & make u up into ! s+le p]son 
:i* we conceive ourselves to =m2 we are 
to !m a _w compris+ an organic & an     
inorganic k+dom1 ( :i* !y consid]       
!mselves to be ! organic1 & :atev] is n 
v l !mselves to be ! inorganic4 ,:e!r !y
 are compos$ ( subord9ate p]sonalities  
or n we d n "k1 b we h no reason to ?9k 
t !y are1 & if we t\* gr\nd1 s to speak1
 ) life 9 ! units ( :i* our own bodies  
are compos$1 x is likely t !re is a     

limit also 9 an upw>d direction1 ?\gh we
 h no?+ :atev] to guide u z to :]e x is1
 nor any c]ta9ty t !re is a limit at    
all4  ,we are ourselves ! second        
conc5tric sph]e ( life1 we be+ !        
con/itu5t cells :i* unite to =m ! body (
 ,god4 ,( ! ?ird sph]e we "k a s+le     
memb] only-! ,god ( ?is _w2 b we see    
also ! />s 9 heav51 & "k _! multitude4  
,analogy po9ts irresi/ibly 9 ! direction
 ( ?9k+ t ^! o!r worlds are l our own1  
begodd$ & full ( life2 x also bids u    
believe t ! ,god ( _! _w is begott5 ( "o
 m or less l himself1 & t 8 gr[? has    
foll[$ ! same c\rse z t ( all o!r gr[?s 
we "k (4  ,if s1 he is "o ( ! con/itu5t 
units ( an unkn[n & va/] p]sonality :o  
is compos$ ( ,gods1 z our ,god is       
compos$ ( all ! liv+ =ms on e>?1 & z all
 ^? liv+ =ms are compos$ ( cells4 ,?is  
is ! ,unkn[n ,god4 ,beyond ?is second   
,god we _c at pres5t g1 nor %\ld we wi% 
to d s1 if we are wise4 ,x is no reproa*
 to a sy/em t x does n pr(ess to give an
 acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ?+s2 ! reproa* r    

%\ld lie aga9/ a sy/em :i* pr(ess$ to   
expla9 x1 = we may be well assur$ t su* 
a pr(ession w\ld1 = ! pres5t at any     
rate1 be an empty boa/4 ,x is en\gh if a
 sy/em is true z f> z x goes2 if x ?r[s 
new light on old problems1 & op5s up    
vi/as :i* reveal a hope ( fur!r addition
 to our k1 & ?is ,i believe may be      
fairly claim$ = ! !ory ( life put =w>d 9
 ,life & ,habit & ,evolution1 ,old &    
,new1 & = ! coroll>y insi/$ ^u 9 ^!     
pages2 a coroll>y :i* foll[s logically &
 irresi/ibly if ! position ,i h tak5 9 !
 above-nam$ books is admitt$4  ,let u   
imag9e t "o ( ! cells ( :i* we are      
compos$ c\ld atta9 to a glimm]+         
p]ception ( ! mann] 9 :i* he unites )   
o!r cells1 ( :om he kn[s v little1 s z  
to =m a great] comp\nd p]son ( :om he   
has hi!rto kn[n no?+ at all4 ,w\ld he n 
d well to cont5t himself ) ! ma/]+ ( ?is
 conception1 at any rate = a consid]able
 "t8 ,w\ld x be any j gr\nd ( compla9t  
aga9/ him on ! "p ( 8 bro!r cells1 t he 
_h fail$ to expla9 to !m :o made ! man  

7or1 z he w\ld call x1 ! omnipot5t      
deity7 ^: exi/5ce & relations to himself
 he _h j caught sight (8  ,b if he 7 to 
argue fur!r on ! same l9es z ^? on :i*  
he _h travell$ hi!rto1 & 7 to arrive at 
! conclusion t !re might be o!r m5 9 !  
_w4 besides ! "o :om he _h j le>nt to   
appreh5d1 x w\ld be /ill no refutation  
or j gr\nd ( compla9t aga9/ him t he _h 
fail$ to %[ ! mann] 9 :i* 8 suppos$     
human race _h come into exi/5ce4  ,"h   
our cell w\ld probably /op4 ,he c\ld    
h>dly be expect$ to arrive at ! exi/5ce 
( animals & plants diff]+ f ! human     
race1 & unit+ ) t race to =m a s+le     
,p]son or ,god1 9 ! same way z he has   
himself unit$ ) o!r cells to =m man4 ,! 
exi/5ce1 & mu* m ! r\ndness ( ! e>?     
itself1 w\ld be unkn[n to him1 except by
 way ( inf]5ce & d$uction4 ,! only      
univ]se :i* he c\ld at all und]/& w\ld  
be ! body ( ! man ( :om he 0 a compon5t 
"p4  ,h[ w\ld n su* a cell be a/\nd$ if 
all t we "k ourselves c\ld be sudd5ly   
reveal$ to him1 s t n only %\ld !       

va/ness ( ?is e>? bur/ ^u 8 dazzl$ view1
 b t ( ! sun & ( 8 planets also1 & n    
only ^!1 b ! c\ntless o!r suns :i* we   
may see by night ar\nd u4 ,yet x is     
probable t an actual be+ is hidd5 f u1  
:i* no less transc5ds ! wilde/ dream (  
our !ologians ?an ! exi/5ce ( ! heav5ly 
bodies transc5ds ! p]ception ( our own  
con/itu5t cells4   ,,! ,,end