,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,a ,,new ,,religion ,by ,b4 ,h4 ,*amb]la9 ,,em]itus ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,japanese ,,& ,,philology ,,at ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,tokyo1 ,,japan #aiab ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,a few diacritical m>ks h _h to be remov$1 b ,*amb]la9 did n use macrons to repres5t l5g!n$ v[els4 ,:at 7 footnotes are numb]$ & mov$ to ! end ( ! relevant p>agraphs4 ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,a ,,new ,,religion 7#a7 7,note #a7 ,! writ] ( ?is pamphlet c\ld b skim ov] a wide subject4 ,= full in=mation see ,volume ,i4 ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,murdo*'s rec5tly-publi%$ ,hi/ory ( ,japan1 ! only critical "w on t subject exi/+ 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,voltaire & ! o!r eighte5?-c5tury philosoph]s1 :o held religions to be ! inv5tion ( prie/s1 h be5 scorn$ z sup]ficial by lat] inve/igators4 ,b 0 !re n some?+ 9 _! view1 aft] all8 ,h n we1 ( a lat] & m critical day1 got into s invet]ate a habit ( digg+ deep t we sometimes fail to see :at lies be=e our v noses8 ,mod]n ,japan is !re to furni% an example4 ,! ,japanese are1 x is true1 commonly said to be an irreligi\s p4 ,!y say s !mselves4 ,writes "o ( !m1 ! celebrat$ ,fukuzawa1 tea*] & type ( ! mod]n educat$ ,japanese man3 ,i lack a religi\s nature1 & h nev] believ$ 9 any religion4 ,a score ( l pron\ncem5ts might be quot$ f o!r lead+ m54 ,! av]age1 ev5 educat$1 ,european /rikes ! av]age educat$ ,japanese z /rangely sup]/iti\s1 unacc\ntably occupi$ ) supra-mundane matt]s4 ,! ,japanese simply _c be br\ght to compreh5d h[ a m]e p>son su* z ! ,pope1 or ev5 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 occupies ! place he does 9 politics & society4 ,yet ?is same agno/ic ,japan is tea*+ u at ?is v h\r h[ religions are sometimes manufactur$ = a special end--to subs]ve practical worldly purposes4 ,mikado-wor%ip & ,japan-wor%ip--= t is ! new ,japanese religion--is1 ( c\rse1 no spontane\sly g5]at$ ph5om5on4 ,e manufacture presupposes a mat]ial out ( :i* x is made1 e pres5t a pa/ on :i* x re/s4 ,b ! tw5tie?-c5tury ,japanese religion ( loyalty & patriotism is q new1 = 9 x pre-exi/+ ideas h be5 sift$1 alt]$1 fre%ly comp\nd$1 turn$ to new uses1 & h f\nd a new c5tre ( gravity4 ,n only is x new1 x is n yet complet$2 x is /ill 9 process ( be+ consci\sly or semi-consci\sly put toge!r by ! (ficial class1 9 ord] to s]ve ! int]e/s ( t class1 &1 incid5tally1 ! int]e/s ( ! nation at l>ge4 ,! ,japanese bureaucracy is a body greatly to be admir$4 ,x includes mo/ ( ! =emo/ m5 ( ! nation4 ,l ! prie/hood 9 lat] ,judaea1 to "s ext5t l ! ,egyptian & ,indian prie/hoods1 x n only gov]ns1 b aspires to lead 9 intellectual matt]s4 ,x has be=e x a complex task4 ,on ! "o h&1 x mu/ make good to ! out] _w ! new claim t ,japan diff]s 9 no ess5tial way f ! nations ( ! ,we/1 unless1 inde$1 x be by way ( sup]iority4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x has to manage re/ive /e$s at home1 :]e ance/ral ideas & habits cla% ) new dang]s aris+ f an ali5 mat]ial civilisation ha/ily absorb$4 ,d[n to ! ye> #ahhh1 ! l9e ( cleavage betwe5 gov]nors & gov]n$ 0 obscur$ by ! joyful ard\r ) :i* all classes alike devot$ !mselves to ! acquisition ( ,european1 n to say ,am]ican1 ideas4 ,ev]y?+ =eign 0 !n hail$ z p]fect--ev]y?+ old & national 0 contemn$4 ,s5tim5t grew democratic1 9 s f> 7p]haps x 0 n v f>7 z ,am]ican democratic ideals 7 und]/ood4 ,love ( c\ntry seem$ likely to yield to a humble b[+ d[n be=e =eign models4 ,(ficialdom n unnaturally took fright at ?is abdication ( national individualism4 ,evid5tly some?+ mu/ be done to turn ! tide4 ,accord+ly1 patriotic s5tim5t 0 appeal$ to ?r\gh ! ?rone1 ^: ho>y antiquity _h ev] be5 a s\rce ( pride to ,japanese lit]ati1 :o lov$ to dwell on ! contra/ betwe5 ,japan's unique l9e ( absolute mon>*s & ! %ort-liv$ dyna/ies ( ,*9a4 ,%9to1 a primitive nature cult1 :i* _h fall5 into discr$it1 0 tak5 out ( its cupbo>d & du/$4 ,! common p1 x is true1 cont9u$ to place _! affections on ,buddhism1 ! popul> fe/ivals 7 ,buddhi/1 ,buddhi/ also ! temples :]e !y buri$ _! dead4 ,! gov]n+ class det]m9$ to *ange all ?is4 ,!y insi/$ on ! ,%9to doctr9e t ! ,mikado desc5ds 9 direct succession f ! native ,goddess ( ! ,sun1 & t ,he himself is a liv+ ,god on e>? :o ju/ly claims ! absolute fealty ( 8 subjects4 ,su* ?+s z laws & con/itutions are b free gifts on ,8 "p1 n 9 any s5se popul> rights4 ,( c\rse1 ! m9i/]s & (ficials1 high & l[1 :o c>ry on ,8 gov]nm5t1 are to be reg>d$ n z public s]vants1 b r z executants ( supreme--"o might say sup]natural--au?ority4 ,%9to1 because connect$ ) ! ,imp]ial ,family1 is to be alone hon\r$4 ,!re=e1 ! important "r ( burial1 nev] be=e possess$ by x1 0 grant$ to its prie/s4 ,lat] on1 ! "r ( m>riage 0 grant$ likewise--an entirely novel dep>ture 9 a l& :]e m>riage _h nev] be5 m ?an a civil contract4 ,?us ! ,%9to prie/hood 0 enc\rag$ to p5etrate into ! intimacy ( family life1 :ile 9 ano!r direction x encroa*$ on ! field ( e?ics by borr[+ bits "h & !re f ,confucian & ev5 f ,*ri/ian s\rces4 ,"u a regime ( o/5sible religi\s tol]ation1 ! att5dance ( (ficials at c]ta9 ,%9to s]vices 0 requir$1 & ! practice 0 e/abli%$ 9 all s*ools ( b[+ d[n sev]al times ye>ly be=e ! ,emp]or's picture4 ,mean:ile ,japanese polities _h prosp]$2 h] w>riors _h ga9$ great victories4 ,enorm\s 0 ! pre/ige ?us accru+ to ,imp]ialism & to ! rejuv5at$ ,%9to cult4 ,all milit>y successes 7 ascrib$ to ! miracul\s influ5ce ( ! ,emp]or's virtue1 & to ! virtues ( ,8 ,imp]ial & div9e ance/ors--t is1 ( =m] ,emp]ors & ( ,%9to deities4 ,imp]ial envoys 7 regul>ly s5t aft] ea* great victory to c>ry ! good tid+s to ! ,sun ,goddess at h] great %r9e at ,ise4 ,n !re alone1 b at ! o!r pr9cipal ,%9to %r9es ?r\gh\t ! l&1 ! cannon captur$ f ,*9ese or ,russian foes 7 (ficially in/all$1 ) a view to id5tify+ ,imp]ialism1 ,%9to1 & national glory 9 ! popul> m9d4 ,! new leg5d is en=c$ :]ev] feasible--= in/ance1 by means ( a new set ( fe/ivals celebrat+ ,imp]ial (ficial ev5ts4 ,b ! s*ools are ! great /rongholds ( ! new propag&a4 ,hi/ory is s taught to ! "y z to focus ev]y?+ ^u ,imp]ialism1 & to dim9i% z f> z possible ! contra/ betwe5 anci5t & mod]n conditions4 ,! same is true ( ! in/ruction giv5 to army & navy recruits4 ,?us1 ?\gh ,%9to is put 9 ! =efront1 little /ress is laid on its my?ology1 :i* w\ld be apt to %ock ev5 ! ,japanese m9d at ! pres5t day4 ,to ?is ext5t1 :]e a purpose useful to ! rul+ class is to be s]v$1 criticism is practis$1 ?\gh n av[$ly4 ,f> diff]5t is ! case ) s-call$ hi/orical facts1 su* z ! alleg$ f\ndation ( ! ,mon>*y 9 #ffj ,b4,c4 & simil> /atem5ts p>allel$ only = absurdity by :at pass$ = hi/ory 9 m$iaeval ,europe1 :5 ,k+ ,le>1 ,brute1 ,k+ ( ,brita91 etc41 etc41 7 accept$ z au!ntic p]sonages4 ,= ! tru?1 kn[n to all critical inve/igators1 is t1 in/ead ( go+ back to a remote antiquity1 ! orig9s ( ,japanese hi/ory are rec5t z comp>$ ) t ( ,european c\ntries4 ,! fir/ glimm] ( g5u9e ,japanese hi/ory dates f ! fif? c5tury ,,aft] ,*ri/1 & ev5 ! acc\nts ( :at happ5$ 9 ! six? c5tury mu/ be receiv$ ) caution4 ,japanese s*ol>s "k ?is z well z we d2 x is "o ( ! c]ta9 results ( inve/igation4 ,b ! ,japanese bureaucracy does n desire to h ! light let 9 on ?is inconv5i5t circum/ance4 ,:ile grant+ a disp5sation re ! national my?ology1 prop]ly s call$1 x exacts belief 9 e iota ( ! national hi/oric leg5ds4 ,woe to ! native pr(essor :o /rays f ! pa? ( or?odoxy4 ,8 wife & *ildr5 7& 9 ,japan e man1 h[ev] "y1 has a wife & *ildr57 w />ve4 ,f ! late ,pr9ce ,ito's grossly mislead+ ,comm5t>y on ! ,japanese ,con/itution d[n to s*ool comp5diums1 ! absurd dates are ev]y:]e insi/$ ^u4 ,?is despite ! fact t ! my?ology & ! s-call$ e>ly hi/ory are record$ 9 ! same works1 & are *>act]is$ by l miracul\s impossibilities2 t ! *ronology is palpably fraudul5t2 t ! spee*es put into ! m\?s ( anci5t ,mikados are c5tos cull$ f ! ,*9ese classics2 t _! names are 9 "s cases d]iv$ f ,*9ese s\rces2 & t ! e>lie/ ,japanese hi/orical n>ratives1 ! e>lie/ kn[n social usages1 & ev5 ! c5tralis$ ,imp]ial =m ( ,gov]nm5t itself1 are all /a9$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) a ,*9ese dye1 s mu* s t x is no long] possible to det]m9e :at p]c5tage ( old native ?\ght may /ill l+] on 9 fragm5ts "h & !re4 ,9 ! face ( all ?is1 moral ideals1 :i* 7 ( common k d]iv$ f ! tea*+ ( ! ,*9ese sages1 are n[ arbitr>ily ref]r$ to ! ,imp]ial ,ance/ors4 ,su*1 9 p>ticul>1 are loyalty & filial piety--! two virtues on :i*1 9 ! ,f>-,ea/]n _w1 all ! o!rs re/4 ,x is1 fur!rmore1 (ficially taught t1 f ! e>lie/ ages1 p]fect concord has always subsi/$ 9 ,japan betwe5 b5efic5t sov]eigns on ! "o h&1 & a gratefully loyal p on ! o!r4 ,nev]1 x is alleg$1 has ,japan be5 soil$ by ! disob$i5t & rebelli\s acts common 9 o!r c\ntries2 :ile at ! same "t ! ,japanese nation1 %>+ to "s ext5t 9 ! sup]natural virtues ( its rul]s1 has be5 di/+ui%$ by a high-m9d$ *ivalry call$ ,bu%ido1 unkn[n 9 inf]ior l&s4 ,su* is ! fabric ( ideas :i* ! (ficial class is busy build+ up by e means 9 its p[]1 includ+ ! puni%m5t ( ^? :o presume to /ickle = hi/oric tru?4 9999999999 ,! sob] fact is t no nation probably has ev] treat$ its sov]eigns m cavali]ly ?an ! ,japanese h done1 f ! beg9n+ ( au!ntic hi/ory d[n to )9 ! memory ( liv+ m54 ,emp]ors h be5 depos$1 emp]ors h be5 assass9at$2 = c5turies e succession to ! ?rone 0 ! signal = intrigues & sangu9>y broils4 ,emp]ors h be5 exil$2 "s h be5 murd]$ 9 exile4 ,f ! remote isl& to :i* he _h be5 relegat$ "o manag$ to escape1 hidd5 "u a load ( dri$ fi%4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ?+s came to su* a pass t two rival ,imp]ial l9es defi$ ea* o!r = ! space ( fifty-eight ye>s--! s-call$ ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,c\rts2 & x 0 ! ,nor!rn ,c\rt1 br&$ by lat] hi/orians z usurp+ & illegitimate1 t ultimately won ! day1 & h&$ on ! ,imp]ial regalia to its successors4 ,aft] t1 z inde$ be=e t1 = long c5turies ! gov]nm5t 0 9 ! h&s ( ,mayors ( ! ,palace1 :o sub/itut$ "o infant ,sov]eign = ano!r1 g5]ally =c+ ea* to abdicate z soon z he approa*$ man's e/ate4 ,at "o p]iod1 ^! ,mayors ( ! ,palace left ! ,desc5dant ( ! ,sun 9 su* di/ress t ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y & ! ,imp]ial ,pr9ces 7 oblig$ to ga9 a livelihood by sell+ _! autographs6 ,nor did any great p>ty 9 ! ,/ate prote/ aga9/ ?is condition ( affairs4 ,ev5 9 ! pres5t reign--! mo/ glori\s 9 ,japanese hi/ory--!re h be5 two rebellions1 dur+ "o ( :i* a rival ,emp]or 0 set up 9 "o "p ( ! c\ntry1 & a republic proclaim$ 9 ano!r4 ,z = ,bu%ido1 s mod]n a ?+ is x t nei!r ,kaempf]1 ,siebold1 ,sat[1 nor ,re9--all m5 kn[+ _! ,japan by he>t--ev] once allude to x 9 _! volum9\s writ+s4 ,! cause ( _! sil5ce is n f> to seek3 ,bu%ido 0 unkn[n until a decade or two ago6 ,,! ,,v ,,^w ,,appe>s ,,9 ,,no ,,diction>y1 ,,native ,,or ,,=eign1 ,,be=e ,,! ,,ye> #aijj4 ,*ivalr\s individuals ( c\rse exi/$ 9 ,japan1 z 9 all c\ntries at e p]iod2 b ,bu%ido1 z an in/itution or a code ( rules1 has nev] exi/$4 ,! acc\nts giv5 ( x h be5 fabricat$ out ( :ole clo?1 *iefly = =eign consumption4 ,an analysis ( m$ieval ,japanese hi/ory %[s t ! great feudal h\ses1 s f> f display+ an excessive idealism 9 ! matt] ( fealty to "o emp]or1 "o "l1 or "o p>ty1 _h evolv$ ! em95tly practical plan ( lett+ _! diff]5t memb]s take diff]5t sides1 s t ! family z a :ole might come out z w9n] 9 any ev5t1 & ?us avoid ! confiscation ( its l&s4 ,cases1 no d\bt1 occurr$ ( devotion to los+ causes--= example1 to ,mikados 9 disgrace2 b !y 7 less common ?an 9 ! m romantic ,we/4 ,?us1 )9 ! space ( a %ort lifetime1 ! new ,japanese religion ( loyalty & patriotism has em]g$ into ! light ( day4 ,! feats accompli%$ dur+ ! late w> ) ,russia %[ t ! simple ideal :i* x (f]s is capable ( inspir+ great de$s4 ,f a c]ta9 po9t ( view ! nation may be congratulat$ on its new possession4 9999999999 ,! new ,japanese religion consi/s1 9 its pres5t e>ly /age1 ( wor%ip ( ! sacrosanct ,imp]ial ,p]son & ( ,8 ,div9e ,ance/ors1 ( implicit ob$i5ce to ,him z head ( ! army 7a position1 by ! way1 oppos$ to all =m] ,japanese ideas1 accord+ to :i* ! ,c\rt 0 ess5tially civilian72 fur!rmore1 ( a correspond+ belief t ,japan is z f> sup]ior to ! common ruck ( nations z ! ,mikado is div9ely sup]ior to ! common ruck ( k+s & emp]ors4 ,d n ! e>ly hi/ory-books record ! fact t ,japan 0 creat$ fir/1 :ile all o!r c\ntries result$ m]ely f ! drops t fell f ! creator's spe> :5 he _h f9i%$ 8 ma9 "w8 ,& d n ! lat] annals prove t true val\r belongs to ! ,japanese knight alone1 :]eas =eign c\ntries--,*9a & ,europe alike--are sunk 9 a degrad+ comm]cialism8 ,= ! inhabitants ( ! ,l& ( ! ,gods to take any notice ( su* creatures by adopt+ a few ( _! trifl+ me*anical inv5tions is an act ( graci\s condesc5sion4 ,to quote b "o (ficial utt]ance out ( a hundr$1 ,b>on ,oura1 m9i/] ( agriculture & comm]ce1 writes ?us 9 ,febru>y ( la/ ye>3-- ,t ! maje/y ( our ,imp]ial ,h\se t[]s high above ev]y?+ to be f\nd 9 ! _w1 & t x is z durable z heav5 & e>?1 is too well kn[n to ne$ dwell+ on "h444444 ,if x is consid]$ t our c\ntry ne$s a religi\s fai?1 !n1 ,i say1 let x be conv]t$ to a belief 9 ! religion ( patriotism & loyalty1 ! religion ( ,imp]ialism--9 o!r words1 to ,emp]or-wor%ip4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,eb9a17#b7 "o ( ! lead+ lights ( ! ,prote/ant pa/orate 9 ,japan1 plunges m deeply /ill into ?is doctr9e1 accord+ to :i*1 z already not$1 ! :ole ,japanese nation is1 9 a mann]1 apo!osis$4 ,says he3-- ,?\gh ! enc\ragem5t ( ance/or-wor%ip _c be reg>d$ z "p ( ! ess5tial tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity 7671 x 7#c7 is n oppos$ to ! notion t1 :5 ! ,japanese ,empire 0 f\nd$1 its e>ly rul]s 7 9 communication ) ! ,great ,_s t rules ! univ]se4 ,*ri/ians1 accord+ to ?is !ory1 )\t do+ viol5ce to _! cre$1 may ackn[l$ge t ! ,japanese nation has a div9e orig94 ,x is only :5 we realise t ! ,imp]ial ,ance/ors 7 9 close communion ) ,god 7or ! ,gods71 t we und]/& h[ sacr$ is ! c\ntry 9 :i* we live4 7,dr4 ,eb9a ends by recomm5d+ ! ,imp]ial ,rescript on ,education z a text = ,*ri/ian s]mons47 7,note #b7 ,we quote f ! translation giv5 by ,mr4 ,walt] ,d5+ 9 "o ( ! invaluable ,summ>ies ( ,curr5t ,japanese ,lit]ature1 contribut$ by him f "t to "t to ! columns ( ! ,japan ,mail1 ,yokohama4 7,note #c7 ,x means ,*ri/ianity4 ,x ne$s no comm5t ( ours to po9t out h[ ?or\ghly ! nation mu/ be saturat$ by ! doctr9es "u discussion = su* amaz+ utt]ances to be possible4 ,if s-call$ ,*ri/ians c ?9k ?us1 ! non-,*ri/ian majority mu/ inde$ be dev\t ,emp]or-wor%ipp]s & ,japan-wor%ipp]s4 ,su* ! g-ahead portion ( ! nation und\bt$ly is--! /ud5ts1 ! army1 ! navy1 ! emigrants to ,japan's new =eign possessions1 all ! m ard5t spirits4 ,! peasantry1 z be=e not$1 occupy !mselves little ) new ?\ghts1 cl++ r to ! ,buddhi/ beliefs ( _! =efa!rs4 ,b no?+ c\ld be fur!r remov$ f ev5 _! m9ds ?an ! idea ( (f]+ any organis$ resi/ance to ! propag&a go+ on ar\nd !m4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! spread ( ! new ideas has be5 easy1 because a l>ge class d]ives p[] f _! diffusion1 :ile to oppose !m is ! bus9ess ( no "o 9 p>ticul>4 ,moreov]1 ! dis9t]e/$ love ( tru? = its own sake is r>e2 ! pati5ce to une>? x is r>] /ill1 especially 9 ! ,ea/4 ,patriotism1 too1 is a mighty eng9e work+ 9 ! int]e/s ( cr$ulity4 ,h[ %\ld m5 n believe 9 a sy/em t produces su* excell5t practical results1 a sy/em :i* has unit$ all ! scatt]$ elem5ts ( national feel+ into "o focus1 & has ?us creat$ a p[]ful in/rum5t = ! atta9m5t ( national aims8 ,mean:ile a g5]ation is gr[+ up :i* does n s mu* z suspect t its *]i%$ beliefs are inv5tions ( ye/]day4 ,! new religion1 9 its pres5t /age1 /ill lacks "o important item--a sacr$ book4 ,c]ta9 indications %[ t ?is lacuna w be fill$ by ! elevation ( ! m important ,imp]ial ,rescripts to t rank1 accompani$ d\btless by an au?oritative comm5t>y1 z _! /yle is too ab/ruse to be und]/&$ ( ! p4 ,to ^! ,imp]ial ,rescripts "s ( ! poems compos$ by 8 pres5t ,maje/y may be add$4 ,9 fact1 a volume on ! :ole duty ( ,japanese man1 ) select$ ,imp]ial poems z texts1 has already appe>$4 7#d7 7,note #d7 ,= ov] a ?\s& ye>s ! composition ( ,japanese & ,*9ese v]se has =m$ "p ( a lib]al education1 l ! composition ( ,lat9 v]se among ourselves4 ,! ,c\rt has always devot$ mu* "t to ! practice ( ?is art4 ,b ! poems ( =m] ,emp]ors 7 little kn[n1 because ! mon>*s !mselves rema9$ %ut up 9 _! palace1 & ex]cis$ no influ5ce beyond its walls4 ,) 8 pres5t ,maje/y ! case is entirely diff]5t4 ,moreov]1 "s ( 8 compositions brea! a patriotism =m]ly undreamt (4 9999999999 ,"o might h imag9$ t ,japan's new religioni/s w\ld h exp]i5c$ "s difficulty 9 p]suad+ =eign nations ( ! tru? ( _! dogmas4 ,?+s h fall5 out o!rwise4 ,europe & ,am]ica ev9ce a s+ul> ta/e = ! m>vell\s1 & f9d a ze/ 9 self-depreciation4 ,our eighte5?-c5tury ance/ors imag9$ all p]fections to be realis$ 9 ,*9a1 ?anks to ! gl[+ descriptions !n giv5 ( t c\ntry by ! ,jesuits4 ,tw5tie?-c5tury ,europe f9ds its moral & political ,eldorado 9 di/ant ,japan1 a l& ( fabul\s antiquity & incr$ible virtues4 ,!re is no lack ( pleasant-mann]$ p]sons ready to guide tru/ful admir]s 9 ! "r pa?4 ,(ficial & semi-(ficial ,japanese1 :e!r ambassadors & m9i/]s-resid5t or p]ipatetic c\nts & b>ons1 make x _! bus9ess to spread a leg5d s pleas+ to ! national vanity1 s useful z a diplomatic eng9e4 ,lectures are deliv]$1 books are writt5 9 ,engli%1 important p]iodicals are b\ght up1 m9ute c>e is lavi%$ on ! concealm5t1 ! pat*+-up1 & gloss+-ov] ( ! deep gulf t nev]!less is fix$ betwe5 ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,! =eign] _c refuse ! bolus ?us artfully =c$ d[n 8 ?roat4 ,he is n suspici\s by nature4 ,h[ %\ld he imag9e t p :o make su* positive /atem5ts ab\t _! own c\ntry are m]ely exploit+ 8 cr$ulity8 ,,he has rea*$ a /age ( culture :]e su* my?opoeia has become impossible4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to control in=mation by consult+ orig9al s\rces lies beyond 8 capacity4 ,= consid] ?is peculi> circum/ance3 ! position ( ,european inve/igators vis-a-vis ,japan diff]s entirely f t ( ,japanese vis-a-vis ,europe4 ,! ,japanese possess e facility = /udy+ & und]/&+ ,europe4 ,europeans are w>d$ (f by well-nigh insup]able ob/acles f und]/&+ ,japan4 ,europe /&s on a hill-top1 9 ! sunlight1 glitt]+ af>4 ,h] p c\rt inspection4 ,come & see h[ we live--su* 0 a typical invitation :i* ! pres5t writ] rec5tly receiv$4 ,a ?\s& ,engli% homes are op5 to any ,japanese /ud5t or travell] :o visits our %ores4 ,an alphabet ( b six-&-tw5ty simple lett]s ?r[s equally wide op5 to him a lit]ature cle>ly reveal+ our ?\ghts1 s t he :o runs may read4 ,japan lies 9 ! %ad[1 away on ! rim ( ! _w4 ,h] h\ses are f> m effectually clos$ to ! /rang] by _! pap] %utt]s ?an are ours by walls ( brick or /one4 ,:at we call society does n exi/ !re4 ,h] p1 ?\gh smil+ & c\rte\s1 surr\nd !mselves by an atmosph]e ( res]ve1 c5turies ( despotic gov]nm5t hav+ r5d]$ !m suspici\s & retic5t4 ,true1 :5 a =eign] ( importance visits ,japan--"s ,briti% ,m4,p41 p]haps1 ^: "n figures (t5 9 ! newspap]s1 or an ,am]ican editor1 or ! presid5t ( a great ,am]ican college--?is p]sonage is *>m+ly receiv$4 ,b he is nev] left free to =m 8 own op9ion ( ?+s1 ev5 7 he capable ( s do+4 ,circum/ances sp9 an invisible web ar\nd him1 8 ho/s be+ ke5ly int5t on mak+ him a speak+-trumpet = ! proclamation ( _! own views4 ,aga91 ,japan's non-,aryan spee*1 m>vell\sly intricate1 almo/ defies acquisition4 ,suppose ?is difficult v]nacul> ma/]$2 ! w\ld-be /ud5t discov]s t lit]>y works1 ev5 newspap]s & ord9>y correspond5ce1 are n compos$ 9 x1 b 9 ano!r dialect1 p>tly antiquat$1 p>tly artificial1 diff]+ z widely f ! colloquial spee* z ,lat9 does f ,italian4 ,make a second haz>d\s supposition4 ,assume t ! gramm> & vocabul>y ( ?is second indisp5sable ,japanese language h be5 le>nt1 9 addition to ! fir/4 ,y are /ill b at ! ?re%old ( y\r task1 ,japanese ?\ght hav+ b>ricad$ itself beh9d ! =tress walls ( an extraord9>ily complicat$ sy/em ( writ+1 comp>$ ) :i* ,egyptian hi]oglyphics are *ild's play4 ,yet next to no?+ c be f\nd out by a =eign] unless he h ?is1 too1 at 8 f+]s' ends4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 sc>cely anyone acquires x--only a mission>y "h & !re1 or a consul> (ficial ) a life appo9tm5t4 ,! result ( all ?is is t1 :]eas ! ,japanese "k ev]y?+ t x imports !m to "k ab\t u1 ,europeans _c "k mu* ab\t !m1 su* in=mation z !y receive be+ always belat$1 necess>ily meagre1 & mo/ly adult]at$ to s]ve ,japanese int]e/s4 ,int]national relations plac$--&1 we repeat x1 inevitably plac$--on ?is foot+ resemble a box+ mat* 9 :i* "o ( ! conte/ants %\ld h 8 h&s ti$4 ,b ! metaphor fails 9 an ess5tial po9t1 z metaphors are apt to d--! h&-ti$ man does n realise ! disadvantage "u :i* he lab\rs4 ,he ?9ks himself z free z 8 oppon5t4 ,?us does x come ab\t t ! neo-,japanese my?s conc]n+ dates1 & ,emp]ors1 & h]oes1 & a/oni%+ national virtues already beg9 to f9d _! way into popul> ,engli% text-books1 curr5t lit]ature1 & ev5 grave books ( ref]5ce4 ,! ,japanese gov]n+ class has will$ x s1 & 9 su* matt]s ! ,japanese gov]n+ class c en=ce its w abroad z well z at home4 ,! /atem5t may s\nd p>adoxical4 ,/udy ! "q c>efully1 & y w f9d t x is simply true4 9999999999 ,:at is happ5+ 9 ,japan to-day is evid5tly exceptional4 ,normal religi\s & political *ange does n proce$ 9 t mann]2 x proce$s by imp]ceptible degrees4 ,b exceptions to g5]al rules occur f "t to "t 9 e field ( activity4 ,are !y really exceptions1 us+ t t]m 9 its curr5t s5se--to d5ote some?+ arbitr>y1 & !re=e unacc\ntable8 ,surely ^! s-call$ exceptions are b examples ( rules ( r>] application4 ,! classic in/ance ( ! inv5tion ( a new national religion is furni%$ by ! ,jews ( ! po/-exilic p]iod4 ,! piec+ toge!r1 !n1 ( a br&-new sy/em "u an anci5t "n is n[ s well und]/ood1 & has produc$ consequ5ces ( su* _w-wide importance1 t ! briefe/ ref]5ce to x may suffice4 ,works :i* e critic c n[ see to be relatively mod]n 7 ascrib$ to ,moses1 ,david1 or ,daniel2 intricate laws & ord9ances t _h nev] be5 practis$--c\ld nev] be practis$--7 repres5t$ z anci5t in/itutions2 a :ole new way ( ?9k+ & act+ 0 set 9 motion on ! assumption t x 0 old4 ,yet1 s f> z is kn[n1 no "o 9 or out ( ,pale/9e ev] saw ?r\gh ! illusion = ov] two ?\s& ye>s4 ,x 0 res]v$ = n9ete5?-c5tury s*ol>s to draw aside ! veil hid+ ! real facts ( ! case4 ,mod]n times supply ano!r in/ance1 less important ?an ! fir/1 b rem>kable en\gh4 ,r\sseau came 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & prea*$ a doctr9e t took ! _w by /orm1 & soon precipitat$ t _w 9 ru9s4 ,h[ did he discov] 8 gospel8 ,he tells u q naively3-- ,all ! re/ ( ! day1 buri$ 9 ! =e/1 ,i s\ght1 ,i f\nd !re ! image ( primitive ages1 ^: hi/ory ,i boldly trac$4 ,i made havoc ( m5's petty lies2 ,i d>$ to unveil & /rip nak$ man's true nature1 to foll[ up ! c\rse ( "t & ( ! circum/ances t h disfigur$ x1 &1 comp>+ man z m5 h made him ) man z nature made him1 to demon/rate t ! s-call$ improvem5ts 7( civilisation7 h be5 ! s\rce ( all 8 woes1 etc4 7#e7 7,note #e7 ,confessions1 ,book ,,viii41 ye> #agec4 ,9 o!r words1 he spun a pseudo-hi/ory f 8 own bra94 ,:at is /rang]1 he fanatically believ$ 9 ?is 8 pure inv5tion1 &1 mo/ extraord9>y ( all1 p]suad$ o!r p to believe 9 x z fanatically4 ,x 0 tak5 up z a religion1 x inspir$ h]oes1 & enabl$ a b>efoot rabble to beat ! f9e/ regul> armies 9 ! _w4 ,ev5 n[1 at a di/ance ( a c5tury & a half1 its emb]s /ill gl[4 ,( c\rse1 x is n pret5d$ t ^! v>i\s sy/ems ( ?\ght 7 ,,arbitr>y inv5tions4 ,no m 7 !y s ?an ! cl\d palaces t we sometimes see swiftly =m 9 ! sky & z swiftly dissolve4 ,! g]m ( ,r\sseau's ideas c be trac$ back to ,f5elon & o!r sev5te5?-c5tury ?9k]s1 we>y ( ! pomp & p]iwigs ar\nd !m4 ,r\sseau himself did b fulfil ! aspiration ( a :ole society = some?+ simpl]1 ju/]1 m true to nature1 m logical4 ,he gave exactly :at 0 ne$$ at t mom5t ( hi/ory--:at appe>$ self-evid5t2 :]e=e no "o s mu* z ?\ght ( ask+ = detail$ pro(s4 ,8 deism1 8 /atem5ts conc]n+ ! /ate ( nature & ! social contract1 etc41 7 at once recognis$ by ! p ( 8 day z et]nal v]ities4 ,:at ne$ = discussion or inve/igation8 ,! case ( ,judaea is obscure2 b x w\ld seem t some?+ analog\s mu/ h happ5$ !re1 :5 ! cont9uity ( national life _h be5 snapp$ by ! exile4 ,a revolutionis$ & mo/ unhappy pres5t involv$ a *ang$ attitude t[>ds ! pa/4 ,oral tradition & ! scraps ( writt5 records t _h surviv$ ! %ipwreck ( ! k+dom fell1 z x 71 naturally into ano!r ord]4 ,! kaleidoscope hav+ be5 turn$1 ! patt]n *ang$ ( itself4 ,a few gift$ individuals voic$ ! en?usiasm ( a :ole community1 :5 !y adopt$ lit]>y me?ods :i* w\ld n[1 9 our comp>atively /able days1 be br&$ z fraudul5t4 ,!y simply c\ld n help !mselves4 ,! press+ ne$ ( con/ruct+ a national polity = ! pres5t on ! only basis !n possible--,yahwe wor%ip--,,=c$ !m into falsify+ ! pa/4 ,! "q 0 "o ( life & dea? = ! ,jewi% nationality4 9999999999 ,europeans !re are 9 ,japan--,europeanis$ ,japanese likewise--:o feel outrag$ by ! action ( ! ,japanese bureaucracy 9 ! matt] ( ! new cult1 ) all ! illib]al & obscuranti/ measures :i* x entails4 ,t is natural4 ,we mod]n ,we/]n]s love individual lib]ty1 & ! educat$ among u love to let ! sunlight ( criticism into e nook & cranny ( e subject4 ,fre$om & sci5tific accuracy are our gods4 ,b ,japanese (ficialdom acts q naturally1 aft] its k9d1 9 n all[+ ! light to be let 91 because ! roots ( ! fai? x has plant$ ne$ d>kness 9 :i* to gr[ & spread4 ,no religion c live :i* is subject$ to critical scrut9y4 ,?us also are expla9$ ! rig\rs ( ! ,japanese bureaucracy aga9/ ! native lib]als1 :o1 9 its eyes1 appe>1 n simply z political oppon5ts1 b z traitors to ! *os5 p--sacrilegi\s h]etics defy+ ! au?ority ( ! ,"o & ,only ,true ,*ur*4 ,b1 y w say1 ?is indignation mu/ be m]e pret5ce4 ,n ev5 (ficials c be s /upid z to believe 9 ?+s :i* !y h !mselves inv5t$4 ,we v5ture to ?9k t y are wrong "h4 ,p c always believe t :i* x is greatly to _! int]e/ to believe4 ,?\s&s ( excell5t p]sons 9 our own society cl+ to ! doctr9e ( a future life on no /rong] evid5ce4 ,x is enorm\sly important to ! ,japanese rul+ class t ! m5tal attitude sket*$ above %\ld become univ]sal among _! c\ntrym54 ,accord+ly1 !y a*ieve ! app>5tly impossible4 ,we believe 9 x1 said "o ( !m to u rec5tly--we believe 9 x1 al?\gh we "k t x is n true4 ,t]tullian said ne>ly ! same ?+1 & no "o has ev] d\bt$ ,,8 s9c]ity4