,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,,bullet9 ,no4 #dic ,contribution f ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry ,,c>l ,l4 ,,alsb]g1 ,*ief ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,pr(essional ,,pap] ,m>* #ba1 #aiag ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,am]ican ,,be]s ,,& ,,ales4 ,by ,l4 ,m4 ,,tolman1 ,*ief1 ,c5tral ,inspection ,di/rict1 & ,j4 ,,g>field ,,riley1 ,assi/ant ,*emi/1 ,food & ,drug ,inspection ,laboratory1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,introduction #a ,me?od ( und]tak+ ! inve/igation #b ,me?ods ( analysis #c ,results ( analysis #c ,effect ( raw mat]ials us$ ^u composition ( ! f9i%$ brew #aa ,conclusions #bc 99 99 99 99 99 ,,introduction4 ,! inve/igation1 ! results ( :i* are report$ 9 ?is bullet91 0 und]tak5 = ! purpose ( secur+ in=mation 9 reg>d to ! composition ( brew]y products made 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ma9 object ( ?is inve/igation 0 to f9d1 if possible1 a means ( di/+ui%+ be]s & ales made entirely f malt f ^? made f malt toge!r ) o!r c]eal products1 su* z rice1 corn1 & c]eal94 ,x 0 conclud$1 aft] look+ into ! lit]ature1 t 9 ord] to accompli% ?is purpose x w\ld be necess>y to collect a s]ies ( samples made f ! v>i\s raw mat]ials ord9>ily us$ & make a /udy ( ! effect ( ^! raw mat]ials ^u ! composition ( ! f9i%$ product4 ,! inve/igation seem$ desirable = ! reason t practically all ( ! exi/+ data relat$ to =eign be]s1 9 ! prep>ation ( :i* a type ( malt 0 us$ entirely diff]5t f t ord9>ily us$ 9 ! production ( ,am]ican be]s4 ,fur!rmore1 v few ( ! exi/+ data relat+ ei!r to =eign or dome/ic be]s 7 bas$ ^u samples conc]n+ :i* exact in=mation 0 available 9 reg>d to ! raw mat]ials us$ 9 ! wort4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,und]tak+ ,,! ,,inve/igation4 ,x 0 felt t x w\ld be :olly unsatisfactory to make ?is inve/igation by means ( laboratory brew+s on a small scale1 z ! results ?us obta9$ w\ld n %[ ! true conditions1 because x is n possible 9 ! laboratory to duplicate exactly ! ma%+ or f]m5t+ processes actually us$ 9 a comm]cial way4 ,x 0 decid$1 !re=e1 to attempt1 ) ! coop]ation ( sev]al brew]ies1 to make ?is /udy "u ! exact conditions prevail+ 9 comm]cial plants4 ,access 0 secur$ to sev]al brew]ies mak+ diff]5t types ( products f v>i\s k9ds ( raw mat]ials1 "u su* conditions t x 0 possible to obta9 a complete hi/ory ( ! be] ?r\gh its v>i\s /ages to ! f9i%$ product4 ,"o ( ! writ]s 7,riley7 wat*$ ! me?od ( manufacture dur+ its :ole process & obta9$ samples ( ! product at ! v>i\s /ages ( manufacture4 ,?us1 x 0 possible to procure f9i%$ samples ) practically ! same degree ( c]ta9ty1 z reg>ds k ( composition & hi/ory1 z w\ld h be5 ! case _h !y be5 prep>$ 9 ! laboratory4 ,9 ?ree diff]5t brew]ies manufactur+ a wide range ( products samples ( ! wort & be] 7 obta9$ 9 ?is mann]1 ! entire process ( manufacture be+ /udi$ 9 detail4 ,a record %[+ ! k9d & am\nt ( raw mat]ials plac$ 9 ! ma% & 9 ! cook] 0 made ( ! samples collect$ f ^! ?ree brew]ies4 ,a record also 0 kept ( ! "t & temp]ature ( ea* op]ation until ! ma% 0 ready to run into ! kettle4 ,! filt]+ & sp>g+#a ( ! ma%1 ! "t ( boil+ 9 ! kettle1 ! am\nt ( hops add$ & ! po9t at :i* !y 7 add$1 & ! break#b ( ! wort 7 all not$4 ,aft] ! wort _h be5 pump$ f ! kettle its c\rse 0 foll[$ ?r\gh ! hop jack#c ov] ! cool]s to ! settl+ tank4 ,! specific gravity or ,ball+#d ( ! orig9al wort1 ! temp]ature at :i* ! product 0 pit*$1#e ! a]ation ( ! wort1 ! k9d & am\nt ( yea/ add$1 z well z ! "t & maximum temp]ature ( ! prim>y f]m5tation1 also 7 not$4 ,! c\rse ( ! be] ?r\gh ! /orage vats1 *ip casks1 & filt]s to ! racks 0 wat*$1 & samples ( ! wort & ( ! be] 9 its v>i\s /ages ( production 7 collect$ & exam9$4 ,footnote #a3 ,wa%+ ! gra9s ) hot wat] to remove ! extract or valuable con/itu5ts z completely z possible4 ,footnote #b3 ,precipitation & unit+1 9 ! =m ( flakes1 ( ! coagulable album9oids1 leav+ ! liquid cle>4 ,footnote #c3 ,a filt]+ tank4 ,footnote #d3 ,p]c5tage ( solids 9 ! liquor accord+ to ! ,ball+ hydromet]4 ,footnote #e3 ,pit*+ is ! op]ation ( add+ ! yea/ to ! wort4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,analysis4 ,! me?ods ( analysis us$ 7 ^? giv5 9 ,bullet9 #ajg1 revis$ 7,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 ,bur4 ,*em471 pages #ij-id1 ) ! exception t ! det]m9ation ( phosphoric acid 0 made by ! me?od us$ 9 f]tiliz] analysis 7ibid41 pp4 #b-e71 de/roy+ ! organic mat]ial 9 ! be] by dige/ion ) /rong sulphuric acid & nitric acid & det]m9+ ! phosphoric acid f9ally by ! optional volumetric me?od 7ibid41 p4 #d74 ,! uranium acetate me?od giv5 = be]s 0 n us$1 = ! reason t x 0 f\nd to be exce$+ly difficult to obta9 accurate results on d>k-color$ be]s4#a ,footnote #a3 ,riley1 9 8 report to ! ,association ( ,(ficial ,agricultural ,*emi/s = ! ye> #aiac1 /at$ t ! me?od giv+ ! mo/ uni=m results 0 t ( a%+ ! be] ) an excess ( /&>d calcium acetate1 & t :ile ! moi/ combu/ion me?od 9 ! h&s ( ^? famili> ) x gave satisfactory results1 ! v>i\s collaborators work+ ) ! me?od did n get z uni=m results z ) ! me?od ( a%+ ) calcium acetate4 ,j4 ,assoc4 ,(f4 ,agr4 ,*emi/s #a 7#aiae71 #ach-adc4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! e/imation ( dextr9 by ! ,sa*sse-,allihn me?od 7ibid41 p4 #ia7 t !re is an error 9 ! me?od ( calculation ( ! am\nt ( dextrose =m$ f ! am\nt ( maltose 9 ! orig9al be]4 ,in/ead ( multiply+ ! am\nt ( maltose 9 ! orig9al be] by ! factor #j4i1 x %\ld be multipli$ by ! factor #a4jec1 z #a gram ( anhydr\s maltose yields1 on hydrolysis1 #a4jec grams ( dextrose4 ,! product is ! quantity :i* %\ld be subtract$ f ! total am\nt ( dextrose f\nd aft] hydrolysis4 ,! extract 9 ! be] 0 det]m9$ by use ( ! tables ( ,s*ultz & ,o/]mann 7ibid41 pp4 #bji-bac74 ,! same me?ods 7 us$ 9 ! analyses ( ! worts z 7 us$ 9 ! exam9ation ( ! be]s4 ,,results ,,( ,,analysis4 ,tables ,i to ,,iv conta9 ! results ( ! analyses ( ! worts & f9i%$ f]m5t$ products obta9$ at ! v>i\s brew]ies :]e ?is inve/igation 0 conduct$1 arrang$ s z to %[ readily ! *anges :i* took place dur+ f]m5tation &1 9 a few cases1 ! *anges :i* took place dur+ /orage4 ,! results are all giv5 9 t]ms ( grams p] #ajj cc1 s t a direct comp>ison ( ! quantities ( any p>ticul> +r$i5t 9 a def9ite volume ( mat]ial may be made4 ,! comp>ison ( ! grams p] #ajj cc ( an +r$i5t 9 ! wort1 ) ! grams p] #ajj cc 9 ! f9i%$ f]m5t$ product1 is bas$ on ! assumption t !re is no appreciable *ange 9 ! volume ( ! wort dur+ f]m5tation4 ,9 ,table ,i are giv5 ! results ( ! analyses ( #g malt worts & ! be]s produc$ f !m4 ,table ,,ii conta9s ! results ( ! analyses ( #b malt-&-rice worts & #b malt-&-corn worts1 & ! be]s produc$ f !m4 ,9 ,table ,,iii are giv5 ! results ( ! analyses ( #d port] worts & ! f9i%$ port]s produc$ f !m4 ,! results ( ! analyses ( #i ale worts & ! f9i%$ ales are %[n 9 ,table ,,iv4 ,9 ^! f\r tables ! extract 9 ! orig9al wort has be5 calculat$ by multiply+ ! alcohol 7express$ 9 t]ms ( grams p] #ajj cc7 by #b1 & add+ to ! product ! extract ( ! be]1 port]1 or ale 7express$ 9 t]ms ( grams p] #ajj cc74 ,9 ! port] & ale worts a p]c5tage ( dextrose _h be5 add$ z brew]'s sug>4 ,s9ce dextrose r$uces m copp] ?an does maltose 9 ! det]m9ation ( ! sug>s1 9 ord] to obta9 ! true p]c5tage ( total sug>s x 0 necess>y to calculate ! am\nt ( copp] r$uc$ by ! kn[n am\nt ( dextrose pres5t1 & !n to calculate ! am\nt ( maltose4 ,! results ?us obta9$ are giv5 9 ,tables ,,iii & ,,iv "u ! head+ ,r$uc+ sug>s z anhydr\s maltose4 ,,table ,i4--,analyses ( all-malt worts & ( ! be]s made f !m4 ,column ,key3 ,a3 ,sample ,no4 ,b3 ,product4 ,c3 ,date ( ,tak+ ,sample4 ,d3 ,specific ,gravity at #ae4f;,c4_/#ae4f;,c4 ,e3 ,alcohol4 ,f3 ,extract4 ,g3 ,extract 9 orig9al wort 7calculat$74 ,h3 ,degree ( f]m5tation4 ,i3 ,total acids z lactic4 ,j3 ,volatile acids z acetic4 ,k3 ,r$uc+ sug>s z anhydr\s maltose4 ,l3 ,dextr94 ,m3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be7 ,n3 ,a%4 ,o3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ,p3 ,undet]m9$4 ,q3 ,color 7,lovibond7 9 #a_/d-;in* cell4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams p] p] p] p] #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #aiaa cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 #bbjac-;,d ,wort ,july #e #a4jeah 444 #ac4ge 444 444 #j4aih #bbjag-;,d ,be] ,july #ab #a4jabe #c4he #e4af #ab4hf #ei4hh 4#baf #bbjad-;,d ,wort ,july #f #a4jeag 444 #ac4ga 444 444 4#aih #bbjah-;,d ,be] ,july #ac #a4jabd #c4ia #e4af #ab4ih #fj4be 4#bbe 444 ,wort ,july #g #a4jeag 444 #ac4ga 444 444 4#bjg #bbjai-;,d ,be] ,july #ad #a4jace #c4hc #e4dd #ac4aj #eh4dg 4#bcd #bbjae-;,d ,wort ,july #h #a4jeag 444 #ac4gj 444 444 4#aih #bbjbj-;,d ,be] ,july #ae #a4jacj #c4gb #e4bb #ab4ff #eh4gg 4#bcf #bbjaf-;,d ,wort ,july #aj #a4jeae 444 #ac4fh 444 444 4#bbe #bbjba-;,d ,be] ,july #ag #a4jadg #c4ff #e4ff #ab4ih #ef4ci 4#bba #aiab #afbhi-;,c ,wort ,feb4 #bi #a4jdee 444 #ab4je 444 444 4#baf #afbhi-;,c ,be] ,m>4 #g #a4jaga #c4jb #f4ja #ab4aa #di4hh 4#bcj #bjgad-;,d ,d ,apr4 #ah #a4jafg #c4ab #e4ij #ab4ad #ea4dj 4#bdc #afbii-;,c ,wort ,m>4 #a #a4jded 444 #ab4jb 444 444 4#ahj #afbii-;,c ,be] ,m>4 #ah #a4jahj #b4hg #f4af #aa4id #dh4jg 4#bcd ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,a ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,degrees1 p] p] p] p] p] p] p] brew]'s #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj scale4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 #bbjac-;,d #j4jja #i4gi 444 #j4hfb #j4bca #j4jih 444 #ac4j #bbjag-;,d 4#jja #a4cd #b4cc 4#faa 4#bji 4#jhj #j4fg #ab4j #bbjad-;,d 4#jja #i4gi 444 4#hgf 4#bbh 4#jie 444 #ac4j #bbjah-;,d 4#jjb #a4cf #b4jf 4#fad 4#bja 4#jgh 4#ic #ac4j 444 4#jja #aj4jd 444 4#heb 4#beb 4#jii 444 #ac4j #bbjai-;,d 4#jjb #a4ee 444 4#faj 4#bae 4#jhb 444 #i4j #bbjae-;,d 4#jja #i4hf 444 4#hda 4#bdj 4#jig 444 #ac4j #bbjbj-;,d 4#jjb #a4ei #b4bc 4#fci 4#bjf 4#jha 4#ee #aa4j #bbjaf-;,d 4#jja #i4hd 444 4#hde 4#bde 4#jig 444 #ac4j #bbjba-;,d 4#jja #a4he #b4ah 4#fce 4#bjh 4#jhb 4#gh #aj4j #afbhi-;,c 4#jja #g4dj 444 4#iag 4#bcb 4#jie 444 #d4j #afbhi-;,c 4#jjc #a4ce #b4gc 4#geg 4#bdf 4#jhb 4#hc #c4j #bjgad-;,d 4#jab #a4dg #b4fh 4#gcb 4#bbi 4#jij 4#gi #c4j #afbii-;,c 4#jja #g4da 444 4#hgd 4#bch 4#aja 444 #b4j #afbii-;,c 4#jab #a4dj #b4hb 4#gcg 4#bdj 4#jij 4#if #b4j ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,table ,,ii4--,analyses ( malt-&-rice & malt-&-corn worts & ( ! be]s made f !m4 ,column ,key3 ,a3 ,sample ,no4 ,b3 ,raw ,mat]ials4 ,c3 ,product4 ,d3 ,date ( tak+ ,sample4 ,e3 ,specific gravity at #ae4f;,c4_/#ae4f;,c4 ,f3 ,alcohol4 ,g3 ,extract4 ,h3 ,extract 9 orig9al wort 7calculat$74 ,i3 ,degree ( f]m5tation4 ,j3 ,total acids z lactic4 ,k3 ,volatile acids z acetic4 ,l3 ,r$uc+ sug>s z anhydr\s maltose4 ,m3 ,dextr94 ,n3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be7 ,o3 ,a%4 ,p3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ,q3 ,undet]m9$4 ,r3 ,color 7,lovibond7 9 #a_/d-;in* cell4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,grams ,grams ,grams p] p] p] #ajj #ajj #ajj #aiaa cc4 cc4 cc4 #bbjbf-;,d #hj p] c5t malt & #bj p] c5t rice4 ,wort ,july #bd #a4jdei 444 #ab4ae 444 444 #bbjcb-;,d ,d ,be] ,july #ca #a4jaba #c4ca #d4hj #aa4db #eg4ig #bbjcf-;,d ,d ,wort ,aug4 #i #a4jdfd 444 #ab4cj 444 444 #bbjdb-;,d ,d ,be] ,aug4 #af #a4jaci #c4ah #e4bc #aa4ei #ed4hg #afbfi-;,c #fj p] c5t malt & #dj p] c5t corn4 ,wort ,dec4 #e #a4jdhi 444 #ab4ie 444 444 #afbga-;,c ,d ,be] ,dec4 #ab #a4jadi #c4de #e4fh #ab4eh #ed4he #aiab #afbhg-;,c ,d d ,m>4 #ab #a4jaei #c4cc #e4gf #ab4db #ec4fb #aiaa #afbgj-;,c ,d ,wort ,dec4 #f #a4jdif 444 444 #ac4ad 444 #afbgb-;,c ,d ,be] ,dec4 #ac #a4jaeb #c4da #e4fa #ab4dc #ed4hg #aiab #afbhf-;,c ,d d ,m>4 #ab #a4jaeg #c4bi #e4fh #ab4bf #ec4fg ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,a ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,degrees1 p] p] p] p] p] p] p] p] brew]'s #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj scale4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 #bbjbf-;,d #j4abdj4jja #h4fd 444 4#gad #j4aic #j4jfi 444 #b4j #bbjcb-;,d 4#bge 4#jjc #a4ah #b4dg 4#eai 4#aej 4#jee #j4dh #b4j #bbjcf-;,d 4#abf 4#jja #h4gj 444 4#fbd 4#bjd 4#jgb 444 #b4j #bbjdb-;,d 4#bdc 4#jjc #a4eg #b4da 4#djj 4#aef 4#jeg 4#fi #b4j #afbfi-;,c 4#add 4#jjc #i4je 444 4#dfa 4#bbi 4#jff 444 444 #afbga-;,c 4#aga 4#jac #a4fc #b4di 4#cjh 4#bac 4#jef #a4jd 444 #afbhg-;,c 4#ahj 4#jad #a4hg #b4cf 4#cbg 4#bjh 4#jef 4#ii 444 #afbgj-;,c 4#add 4#jjc #i4cb 444 4#dih 4#baf 4#jfg 444 444 #afbgb-;,c 4#aga 4#jac #a4ei #b4eh 4#cad 4#bjc 4#jej 4#ic 444 #afbhf-;,c 4#age 4#jad #a4hh #b4eh 4#cad 4#bbb 4#jeh 4#fi 444 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,table ,,iii4--,analyses ( port] worts made f malt1 c]eal91 & brew]'s sug>1 & ( ! port]s made f ^! worts4 ,key3 ,a3 ,sample ,no4 ,b3 ,product4 ,c3 ,date ( tak+ sample4 ,d3 ,specific gravity at #ae4f ,c4_/#ae4f ,c4 ,e3 ,alcohol4 ,f3 ,extract4 ,g3 ,extract 9 orig9al wort 7calculat$74 ,h3 ,degree ( f]m5tation4 ,i3 ,total acids z lactic4 ,j3 ,volatile acids z acetic4 ,k3 ,r$uc+ sug>s z anhydr\s maltose4 ,l3 ,dextr94 ,m3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be7 ,n3 ,a%4 ,o3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ,p3 ,undet]m9$4 ,q3 ,color 7,lovibond7 9 #a_/d-;in* cell4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams p] p] p] p] #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #aiaa cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 #bbjbc-;,d,wort ,july #bja4jegb 444 #ae4be 444 444 #j4bgj #bbjbh-;,d,port] ,july #bfa4jaea #d4cj #f4jb #ad4fbeh4hb 4#cbd #bbjdf-;,d d ,aug4 #baa4jace #d4dh #e4gj #ad4fffa4ab 4#chj #bbjch-;,d,wort ,aug4 #aaa4jfbe 444 #af4ff 444 444 4#bcd #bbjdd-;,d,port] ,aug4 #aha4jafe #d4ge #f4fj #af4ajei4ja 4#cdb #bbjde-;,d,wort ,aug4 #aha4jfbc 444 #af4fb 444 444 4#bcd #bieja-;,b,port] ,aug4 #bea4jagj #d4gb #f4gb #af4afeh4db 4#bhh #bbjbe-;,d,wort ,july #baa4jfcc 444 #af4hg 444 444 4#bcd #bbjca-;,d,port] ,july #bha4jagh #d4gj #f4if #af4cfeg4df 4#cgh #bbjdi-;,d d ,aug4 #bda4jafb #d4hb #f4ed #af4ahei4eh 4#cjf ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,a ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams p] p] p] p] p] p] p] ,degrees1 #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj brew]'s cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 scale4 #bjbc-;,d #j4jjb #h4fg 444 #j4fif #j4bbg #j4jfi 444 #eh4j #bjbh-;,d 4#jjc #a4jg #c4cd 4#dhb 4#bjh 4#jeb #j4ib #ei4j #bjdf-;,d 4#jjb #a4jg #c4ai 4#dhb 4#ahb 4#jea 4#gh #fj4j #bjch-;,d 4#jjb #i4gd 444 4#fhe 4#bcb 4#jgb 444 #fe4j #bjdd-;,d 4#jjb #a4db #c4dh 4#dgg 4#aif 4#jec #a4jb #fj4j #bjde-;,d 4#jjb #i4fh 444 4#ffg 4#bbd 4#jfi 444 #ee4j #ieja-;,b 4#jjb #a4da #c4fb 4#dhb 4#bja 4#jeh #a4ja #ee4j #bjbe-;,d 4#jjd #aj4be 444 4#gba 4#bad 4#jgc 444 #gj4j #bjca-;,d 4#jjb #a4dj #c4fh 4#dgf 4#aid 4#jee #a4ba #fj4j #bjdi-;,d 4#jjc #a4dd #c4dd 4#dgi 4#ahi 4#jec 4#ii #fj4j ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,table ,,iv4--,analyses ( ale worts & ( ! ales made f !m4 ,,key3 ,a3 ,sample ,no4 ,b3 ,raw mat]ials4 ,c3 ,product4 ,d3 ,date ( tak+ sample4 ,e3 ,specific gravity at #ae4f;,c4_/#ae4f ,c4 ,f3 ,alcohol4 ,g3 ,extract4 ,h3 ,extract 9 orig9al wort 7calculat$74 ,i3 ,degree ( f]m5tation4 ,j3 ,total acids z lactic4 ,k3 ,volatile acids z acetic4 ,l3 ,r$uc+ sug>s z anhydr\s maltose4 ,m3 ,dextr94 ,n3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,o3 ,a%4 ,p3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ,q3 ,undet]m9$ ,r3 ,color 7,lovibond7 9 #a_/d-;in* cell4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,grams ,grams,grams p] p] p] #ajj #ajj #ajj #aiaa cc4 cc4 cc4 #bbjbd-;,d,malt1 c]eal91 & brew]'s sug> ,wort ,july #baa4jfjh 444#af4bd 444 #bbjcj-;,d d ,ale ,july #bga4jaci #d4hb #e4icae4eg #bbjdg-;,d d ,ale aft] /orage4,aug4 #bba4jabd #d4ig #e4fbae4ef #bbjcd-;,d d ,wort ,aug4 #g #a4jfaj 444#af4cj 444 #bbjci-;,d d ,ale ,aug4 #ada4jabc #e4aa #e4fgae4hi #biejd-;,b d ,ale aft] /orage ,oct4 #f #a4jajf #e4bf #e4bhae4hj #bbjcg-;,d d ,wort ,aug4 #aja4jfaa 444 #af4cb 444 #bbjdc-;,d d ,ale ,aug4 #aga4jabd #d4ic #e4fbae4dh #bbjbb-;,d,malt & c]eal9 ,wort ,july #aia4jfdb 444 #ag4aj 444 #bbjbg-;,d d ,ale ,july #bfa4jacc #e4ag #e4ieaf4bi #bbjce-;,d d ,wort ,aug4 #ha4jffh 444 #ag4hj 444 #bbjdj-;,d d ,ale ,aug4 #aea4jade #e4cd #f4cjaf4ih #afbfg-;,c d ,ale aft] /orage ,nov4 #aea4jacd #e4eb #f4aaag4ae #biejf-;,b d ,wort ,oct4 #aja4jgfj 444 #bj4bc 444 #bieab-;,b d ,ale ,oct4 #aga4jbec #e4dc #i4aibj4je #aiab #acibb-;,d d ,ale aft] /orage ,jan4 #c #a4jbjh #e4hj #h4ahai4gh #aiaa4 #biejg-;,b d ,wort ,oct4 #aaa4jgfg 444 #bj4dj 444 #biead-;,b d ,ale ,oct4 #aha4jbbh #e4fg #h4ebai4hf #bieac-;,b d ,wort ,oct4 #aha4jgha 444 #bj4ge 444 #bieai-;,b d ,ale ,oct4 #bda4jbdd #e4ec #i4jjbj4jf #aiab #acibc-;,d d ,ale aft] /orage ,jan4 #ba4jbaj #e4fg #h4ahai4eb #aiaa #bbjej-;,d d ,wort ,aug4 #bca4jgic 444 #ba4je 444 #biejc-;,b d ,/\t ,aug4 #cja4jbdb #e4fi #i4jbbj4dj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,a ,i ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,grams,grams,grams,grams,grams,grams,gra ms,grams,grams p] p] p] p] p] p] p] p] p] ,degrees1 #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj brew]'s cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 scale4 #bbjbd-;,d 444 #j4aecj4jjaaj4jj 444 #j4ghhj4bcjj4jei 444 #d4j #bbjcj-;,d#fa4ia 4#bbe 4#jjc #a4af #c4bc 4#dbe 4#aid 4#jci #j4ib #e4j #bbjdg-;,d#fc4hh 4#bgj 4#jjc #a4dc #b4fi 4#dda 4#ahj 4#jch 4#hh #e4j #bbjcd-;,d 444 4#aec 4#jjcaj4bd 444 4#gga 4#bad 4#jfj 444 #e4j #bbjci-;,d#fd4cb 4#bbe 4#jjc #a4bf #b4he 4#dga 4#ahf 4#jdc 4#ij #e4j #biejd-;,b#ff4eh 4#bbe 4#jjc #a4aj #b4fj 4#dfb 4#ahi 4#jda 4#ic #e4j #bbjcg-;,d 444 4#adi 4#jjbaj4fj 444 4#gfc 4#bji 4#jeg 444 #d4j #bbjdc-;,d#fc4fi 4#baf 4#jjc #a4dj #b4hb 4#dda 4#agb 4#jdc 4#gi #d4j #bbjbb-;,d 444 4#ahj 4#jjbaj4ai 444 4#ggf 4#bab 4#jgb 444 #c4j #bbjbg-;,d#fc4dg 4#bjg 4#jjd #a4be #c4bh 4#ejj 4#aib 4#jee 4#gc #c4j #bbjce-;,d 444 4#ahi 4#jjbaj4ii 444 4#ggf 4#bab 4#jgb 444 #c4j #bbjdj-;,d#fb4ij 4#bic 4#jjd #a4db #c4ca 4#eda 4#aib 4#jea 4#hd #d4j #afbfg-;,c#fd4cg 4#bcd 4#jjd #a4fe #b4gf 4#ejf 4#bac 4#jec 4#ih #c4j #biejf-;,b 444 4#aih 4#jjaaa4ai #f4ha 4#iei 4#bid 4#jgg 4#ih #c4j #bieab-;,b#ed4af 4#cfi 4#jjh #b4fi #d4ci 4#fga 4#bgc 4#jeh #a4ag #c4j #acibb-;,d#eh4fd 4#cfj 4#jjh #b4ed #c4db 4#fbb 4#bge 4#jeg #a4cb #d4j #biejg-;,b 444 4#aih 4#jjaab4ad #e4ei 4#ife 4#bhb 4#jgh #a4db #c4j #biead-;,b#eg4aj 4#cfj 4#jje #b4ea #d4jh 4#ffd 4#bef 4#jeg #a4ja #b4j #bieac-;,b 444 4#aih 4#jjbaa4gc #e4ie 4#icf 4#cjj 4#jge #a4hc #b4j #bieai-;,b#ee4ac 4#bha 4#jjf #b4fb #d4ca 4#fga 4#bee 4#jeg #a4ad #b4j #acibc-;,d#eh4ji 4#cfj 4#jac #b4ed #c4fa 4#fjc 4#bhb 4#jfd #a4ae #d4j #bbjej-;,d 444 4#bgj 4#jjcaa4da #f4cd 4#hfd 4#cbf 4#jia #b4aa #ge4j #biejc-;,b#ee4gh 4#eeh 4#jjc #b4jc #d4ed 4#gce 4#bhf 4#jga #a4db #fi4j ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,a /udy ( ^! tables %[s v cle>ly t dur+ f]m5tation m>k$ *anges are br\ght ab\t o!r ?an ! m]e conv]sion ( sug> into alcohol4 ,:ile x is well kn[n t ^! *anges take place x seems wor? :ile to consid] !m "h1 because no simil> /udy relat+ to ,am]ican brew]y products has be5 publi%$4 ,fur!r s9ce we h ! exact analysis ( ! wort & ( ! be] :i* 0 made f x1 we h a special opportunity to exam9e quantitatively "s ( ^! *anges1 su* z ! production ( alcohol1 ! f]m5tation ( dextr91 ! developm5t ( acids1 & ! losses ( prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid dur+ f]m5tation4 ,9 ord] to /udy ! "q ( ! yield ( alcohol1 to te/ ! pres5t factor us$ = ! calculation ( ! solids 9 ! orig9al wort1 & to %[ ! approximate am\nt ( dextr91 calculations 7 made1 ! results ( :i* are pres5t$ 9 ,table ,v4 ,,table ,v4--,*anges tak+ place 9 ! conv]sion ( worts into be]s & ales4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,loss 9 ,diff]5ce ,loss 9,loss 9 solids betwe5 ,product4 solids4sug>4 ,alcohol4divid$ loss 9 by solids alcohol4& loss 9 sug>4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams ,grams p] p] p] p] p] #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj #ajj cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 cc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,be] 7all-malt7 #h4ei #h4de #c4he #b4bc #j4ad ,d #h4ee #h4dc #c4ia #b4ah 4#ab ,d #h4bg #h4di #c4hc #b4ac 4#bb ,d #h4dh #h4bg #c4gb #b4bg 4#ba ,d #h4jb #g4ii #c4ff #b4ai 4#jc ,be] 7#fj p] c5t malt & #dj p] c5t corn7 #g4bg #g4db #c4de #b4aj 4#ae ,d #g4ec #g4gc #c4cc #b4jj 4#bj ,be] 7#hj p] c5t malt & #bj p] c5t rice7 #g4ce #g4df #c4ca #b4bb 4#aa ,d #g4jg #g4ac #c4ah #b4bb 4#jf ,be] 7all-malt7 #f4jd #f4je #c4jb #b4jj 4#ja ,d #e4hf #f4ja #b4hg #b4jd 4#ae ---------------------------------------- ,av]age = be]s #b4ad 4#jd ,port] 7small7 #i4bc #g4fj #d4cj #b4ad #a4fc ,port] 7l>ge7 #i4ia #h4cb #d4gj #b4aj #a4ei ,d #aj4jf #h4bg #d4ge #b4aa #a4gi ,d #i4ij #g4hb #d4gb #b4ji #b4jh ,ale #aj4ca #h4hd #d4hb #b4ac #a4dg ,d #aj4fc #h4ih #e4aa #b4jh #a4fe ,d #aj4gj #i4bj #d4ic #b4ag #a4ej ,d #aa4ae #h4id #e4af #b4ae #b4ba ,d #aa4ej #i4eg #e4cd #b4ae #a4ic ,d #aa4fb #i4jf #e4ce #b4ag #b4ef ,pale ale #aa4jd #i4ej #e4dc #b4jc #a4ed ,d #aa4hh #i4fc #e4fg #b4ji #b4be ,d #aa4ge #i4aa #e4ec #b4ab #b4fd ,br[n /\t #ab4jc #i4ch #e4fi #b4aa #b4fe ---------------------------------------- ,av]age = ales #b4ab #a4if ,av]age = be]s & ales #b4ac ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,9 ,table ,v h be5 collect$ results 7calculat$ f ,tables ,i-,,iv7 :i* %[ ! loss 9 solids betwe5 ! wort & ! f9i%$ f]m5t$ product1 ! loss 9 sug>1 ! yield ( alcohol1 ! loss 9 solids divid$ by ! alcohol1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! loss 9 solids & ! loss 9 sug>4 ,by divid+ alcohol into loss 9 solids !re 0 secur$ a factor :i* makes possible ! e/imation ( ! solids 9 ! orig9al wort1 provid$ t alcohol & extract are kn[n4 ,?is factor also %[s ! yield ( alcohol = a giv5 am\nt ( solids disappe>+ dur+ f]m5tation4 ,x has be5 f\nd 9 ! case ( ! be]s t ?is factor av]ages #b4ad1 :ile 9 ! case ( ! ales x av]ages #b4ab1 mak+ an av]age = all ( ! products ( #b4ac4 ,?is cle>ly %[s t 9 ! yield ( alcohol = a giv5 am\nt ( f]m5table solids !re is no appreciable diff]5ce betwe5 top f]m5tation products1 su* z ales1 & bottom f]m5tation products1 su* z be]s4 ,a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 loss 9 solids is %[n1 h[ev]1 :5 we comp>e ! be]s ) ! ales4 ,9 ! case ( ! be]s we f9d !re is practically no diff]5ce betwe5 ! loss 9 solids & ! loss 9 sug>1 :ile 9 ! case ( ! port]s & ales !re is a v appreciable diff]5ce4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! loss 9 solids & ! loss 9 sug> is only #j4jd p] c5t = all ( ! be]s2 :ile 9 ! case ( ! port]s & ales ! diff]5ce v>ies f #a4dg p] c5t to #b4fe p] c5t1 ) an av]age ( #a4if p] c5t4 ,^! figures cle>ly %[ t 9 ! case ( ! port]s & ales !re has be5 "s mat]ial o!r ?an sug> f]m5t$4 ,un=tunately1 ! det]m9ation ( dextr9 0 n made 9 all ( ! worts1 s t ! actual decrease 9 dextr9 c be %[n only 9 a few cases4 ,b 9 ^? cases :]e we h ! actual results ! diff]5ce betwe5 loss 9 solids & ! loss 9 sug> comp>es v closely ) ! actual am\nt ( dextr9 disappe>+ dur+ f]m5tation4 ,,developm5t ,,( ,,acids ,,dur+ ,,f]m5tation4 ,a comp>ison ( ! am\nts ( volatile & fix$ acids 9 ! worts & 9 ! f9i%$ be]s %[s t normally !re is no appreciable developm5t ( volatile acid dur+ f]m5tation & only a slight increase 9 ! fix$ acid4 ,?is increase 9 fix$ acid av]ages 9 ! case ( ! be]s #j4jdi p] c5t1 :ile 9 ! case ( ! ales ! increase av]ages #j4ajc p] c5t4 ,,decrease ,,9 ,,prote91 ,,a%1 ,,& ,,phosphoric ,,acid4 ,a g5]al /udy ( ! prec$+ tables w %[ t !re is an appreciable loss ( prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid dur+ ! f]m5tation4 ,table ,,vi has be5 prep>$ to %[ ! av]age loss dur+ f]m5tation ( ! v>i\s classes ( worts ) respect to _! prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid cont5ts4 ,,table ,,vi4--,av]age loss dur+ f]m5tation4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,prote94 ,a%4 ,phosphoric ,k9d ( wort4 acid4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,grams p] ,grams p] ,grams p] #ajj cc4 #ajj cc4 #ajj cc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,be] worts 7all-malt7 #j4bji #j4jag #j4jae ,be] worts 7malt & rice7 4#baj 4#jde 4#jad ,be] worts 7malt & corn7 4#afh 4#jad 4#jac ,port] worts 4#bac 4#jca 4#jag ,ale worts 4#bge 4#jbi 4#jai ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,! results giv5 9 ,table ,,vi %[ a great simil>ity 9 ! *anges 9 all ( ! products1 z !re is ab\t ! same am\nt ( loss ( prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid 9 ! be]1 ale1 & port] worts4 ,!re does n appe> to be any appreciable loss1 h[ev]1 ( ei!r prote9 or phosphoric acid dur+ ! /orage or ag+ p]iod z is %[n by ! few samples :i* we h analyz$ aft] /orage4 ,?is is practically 9 agreem5t ) ! exp]im5t ( ,b]ts*+]1#a ^: results %[ only a v slight increase 9 alcohol & loss ( sug> dur+ ! /orage p]iod4 ,footnote #a3 ,z4 angew4 ,*em4 7#ahij71 p4 #fgj4 ,,effect ,,( ,,raw ,,mat]ials ,,us$ ,,^u ,,composition ,,( ,,! ,,f9i%$ ,,brew4 ,9 ord] to %[ ! effects on ! f9i%$ be]s or ales ( ! use ( corn1 rice1 c]eal91 & brew]'s sug> z sub/itutes = malt 9 ! worts1 ,table ,,vii has be5 prep>$1 giv+ ! results ( analyses ( a numb] ( brews made 9 diff]5t brew]ies & f v>y+ k9ds & am\nts ( raw mat]ials4 ,,table ,,vii4--,analyses ( be]s & ales f v>i\s brew]ies4 ,column ,head+s3 ,a3 ,sample ,no4 ,b3 ,raw mat]ials4 ,c3 ,product4 ,d3 ,alcohol4 ,e3 ,extract 7,s*ultz & ,o/]mann74 ,f3 ,extract 9 orig9al wort 7calculat$74 ,g3 ,degree ( f]m5tation4 ,h3 ,total acid z lactic4 ,i3 ,volatile acid z acetic4 ,j3 ,r$uc+ sug>s z anhydr\s maltose4 ,k3 ,dextr94 ,l3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,m3 ,a%4 ,n3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e47 ,o3 ,undet]m9$4 ,p3 ,pol>imet]4 ,q3 ,color 7,lovibond7 9 #a_/d-;in* cell4 ,r3 ,calculat$ to basis ( wort ) #ae p] c5t solids4 ,s3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,t3 ,a%4 ,u3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e47 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,p4ct4 by ,brew]y ,no4 #a4 wght4,p4ct4,p4ct4 ,p4ct4,p4ct4 #adjjd-;,h,malt ,be] #c4jg #e4eeaa4fieb4edj4bbcj4jac #adjje-;,h#fe p] c5t malt & #ce p] c5t c]eal9 d #b4db #f4aiaa4jcdc4hh 4#adb 4#jac #adjjf-;,h#fj p] c5t malt & #dj p] c5t corn d #b4af #e4bh #i4fjde4jj 4#agh 4#jjg ,brew]y ,no4 #b4 #bbjag-;,d,malt ,be] #c4hc #e4jfab4gbfj4bb 4#bad 4#jja #bbjah-;,d d d #c4ij #e4jfab4hffj4fe 4#bbc 4#jjb #bbjbj-;,d d d #c4fi #e4abab4ejei4jd 4#bcd 4#jjb #bbjba-;,d d d #c4fc #e4edab4hjef4gb 4#bai 4#jja #bbjdb-;,d#hj p] c5t malt & #bj p] c5t rice d #c4af #e4acaa4deee4bj 4#bda 4#jjc ,brew]y ,no4 #c4 #bieag-;,b#hj p] c5t malt & #bj p] c5t c]eal9,ale #f4cc #f4ggai4dcfe4ae 4#ceg 4#jje #bbjbg-;,d#gh p] c5t malt & #bb p] c5t c]eal9 d #e4ad #e4hbaf4ajfc4he 4#bje 4#jjd #bbjdj-;,d d d #e4ca #f4agaf4gifc4be 4#bia 4#jjd #bbjdh-;,d d d #e4cc #f4aeaf4hafc4db 4#bcb 4#jjb #bieab-;,b#ge p] c5t malt & #be p] c5t c]eal9 d #e4cb #h4hhai4ebed4ea 4#cff 4#jjh #biead-;,b d d #e4dc #h4beai4aaef4hc 4#ceg 4#jje #bieai-;,b d d #e4dc #h4gjai4efee4eb 4#bgh 4#jjf #bbjcj-;,d#fe p] c5t malt1 #bh p] c5t c]eal91 & #g p] c5t brew]'s sug> d #d4gi #e4hjae4chfb4bi 4#bbc 4#jjc #bbjci-;,d d d #e4aj #e4eeae4gefd4fd 4#bbc 4#jjc #bbjdc-;,d d d #d4ia #e4ejae4cbfc4bg 4#bad 4#jjc ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,r --------------- ,a ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,s ,t ,u ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,degs4,degs4 ,p4ct4,p4ct4,p4ct4,p4ct4,p4ct4,p4ct4 ,v4 #a ,p4ct4,p4ct4,p4ct4 #adjjd-;,h #a4ei #b4fdj4faej4bjgj4jgb #j4dieh4j #e #j4ghij4bffj4jib #adjje-;,h #a4ha #c4ae 4#cee 4#ada 4#jdb 4#gcej4h #c 4#dhc 4#aib 4#jeg #adjjf-;,h #a4eb #b4if 4#bfj 4#abd 4#jci 4#dbdd4j #d 4#djg 4#aid 4#jfa #bbjag-;,d #a4cb #b4cj 4#fjc 4#bjf 4#jgi 4#fc 444 #ab 4#gab 4#bdc 4#jic #bbjah-;,d #a4cd #b4jc 4#fjf 4#aii 4#jgg 4#hh 444 #ac 4#gja 4#bcj 4#jij #bbjbj-;,d #a4eg #b4bj 4#fcj 4#bjc 4#jhj 4#eb 444 #aa 4#gef 4#bdd 4#jif #bbjba-;,d #a4hb #b4ae 4#fbf 4#bje 4#jha 4#gd 444 #aj 4#gcd 4#bdj 4#jie #bbjdb-;,d #a4ee #b4dh 4#cie 4#aed 4#jef 4#eecg4b #b 4#eag 4#bjb 4#jgc #bieag-;,b #a4db #c4bf 4#fbb 4#bgi 4#jff 4#gedj4d 444 4#dhj 4#bae 4#jea #bbjbg-;,d #a4bc #c4bg 4#dhh 4#ahi 4#jed 4#fdda4b #c 4#dee 4#agf 4#jej #bbjdj-;,d #a4dj #c4bi 4#ecc 4#ahi 4#jej 4#gfch4f #d 4#dgf 4#afi 4#jde #bbjdh-;,d #a4ea #c4bi 4#efc 4#bjc 4#jde 4#ehdj4d #d 4#ejb 4#aha 4#jdj #bieab-;,b #b4fb #d4bh 4#fej 4#bff 4#jeg #a4jffe4b #c 4#dii 4#bjd 4#jdd #biead-;,b #b4de #c4ii 4#fej 4#bej 4#jef 4#iaei4h #b 4#eji 4#aif 4#jdd #bieai-;,b #b4ef #d4ba 4#fee 4#bdi 4#jef #a4jbfd4j #b 4#ejb 4#aia 4#jdc #bbjcj-;,d #a4ad #c4bj 4#dai 4#aij 4#jch 4#hedj4j #e 4#dji 4#ahe 4#jcg #bbjci-;,d #a4bd #b4hd 4#dfe 4#ahd 4#jdb 4#cgcg4f #e 4#ddc 4#age 4#jdj #bbjdc-;,d #a4ch #b4ha 4#dcf 4#agj 4#jdb 4#gjch4j #d 4#dbg 4#aff 4#jda ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,footnote #a3 ,brew]'s scale4 ,9 ! results giv5 "u brew]y ,no4 #a1 a be] made entirely f malt is comp>$ ) a be] made f #fe p] c5t ( malt & #ce p] c5t ( c]eal91 & ) a be] made f #fj p] c5t ( malt & #dj p] c5t ( corn1 9 all ( :i* ! same quality ( malt 0 us$4 ,9 ! case ( brew]y ,no4 #b1 a be] made entirely f malt & a be] made f #hj p] c5t ( malt & #bj p] c5t ( rice are giv51 9 bo? ( :i* ! same quality ( malt 0 us$4 ,"u brew]y ,no4 #c are giv5 det]m9ations = ales prep>$ f #hj p] c5t ( malt & #bj p] c5t ( c]eal92 #gh p] c5t ( malt & #bb p] c5t ( c]eal92 #ge p] c5t ( malt & #be p] c5t ( c]eal92 & #fe p] c5t ( malt1 #bh p] c5t ( c]eal91 & #g p] c5t ( brew]'s sug>4 ,! same quality ( malt 0 us$ 9 all ( ^! brews1 b ! brews 7 ( diff]5t /r5g?s4 ,table ,,vii is giv5 practically 9 two p>ts1 ! fir/ "p %[+ ! actual results obta9$ by ! analysis ( ! f9i%$ be] or ale & ! second "p %[+ prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid calculat$ to ! basis ( a uni=m wort conta9+ #ae p] c5t ( solids4 ,tak+ into consid]ation ! actual results obta9$ ^u ! be]s & ales1 x w be se5 9 ! case ( brew]y ,no4 #a t ! ?ree be]s v>y 9 composition to a consid]able degree4 ,especially is ?is v>iation m>k$ 9 reg>d to ! prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid cont5ts1 :i* exhibit a m>k$ decrease approximately 9 direct proportion to ! am\nt ( c]eal9 or corn sub/itut$ = malt4 ,! same condition is app>5t 9 ! case ( ! products made 9 brew]y ,no4 #b1 ! be] made f #hj p] c5t ( malt & #bj p] c5t ( rice %[+ a mat]ial r$uction 9 prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid4 ,9 brew]y ,no4 #c1 h[ev]1 a some:at diff]5t condition is not$4 ,un=tunately1 !re is no all-malt product ( ?is brew]y to comp>e ) ! brews made f a portion ( c]eal9 or f c]eal9 & brew]'s sug>4 ,x w be not$1 h[ev]1 t :5 ! actual results obta9$ on ! f9i%$ products ( ?is brew]y are comp>$ ) ^? ( ! all-malt brews ( brew]ies ,nos4 #a & #b1 !y d n cle>ly %[ a r$uction ( prote9 & a% z might be expect$4 ,= example1 9 ! case ( "o ( ! samples ( ! ale made ) #be p] c5t ( c]eal9 & #ge p] c5t ( malt 7sample ,no4 #bieab-;,b71 ! p]c5tage ( prote9 is #j4fe & ( ! a% #j4bff4 ,! p]c5tages ( prote9 & a% = ! ?ree samples ( ?is ale repres5t$ by ,nos4 #bieab-;,b1 #biead-;,b1 & #bieai-;,b are high] ?an 7 f\nd 9 any ( ! all-malt products ( ! fir/ two brew]ies "u consid]ation4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c be readily expla9$ :5 x is consid]$ t 9 ! case ( brew]y ,no4 #b 9 ! all-malt be]s 7sample ,no4 #bbjag-;,d7 only #eh p\nds ( malt 7 us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( a b>rel ( be] conta9+ #ca gallons2 :ile 9 ! case ( sample ,no4 #bieab-;,b !re 7 us$1 9 prep>+ a b>rel ( simil> capacity1 #fh p\nds ( malt & #bc p\nds ( c]eal94 ,t is1 9 ! second product !re is1 9 ! same volume ( liquid1 ! extractive mat]ial f #fh p\nds ( malt & #bc p\nds ( c]eal91 :ile 9 ! fir/ product !re is pres5t ! extractive mat]ial f only #eh p\nds ( malt4 ,s9ce ! analysis is made ^u ! f9i%$ liquid x is evid5t t ! p]c5tage composition ( any p>ticul> +r$i5t %\ld be v mu* l>g] 9 ! second product because ( ! v mu* l>g] am\nt ( mat]ial us$ 9 its prep>ation4 ,x is app>5t1 !re=e1 t no direct comp>ison c be made betwe5 ! p]c5tage composition ( ^! diff]5t brews 9 ord] to det]m9e ! effects ( ! raw mat]ials ^u _! composition4 ,! mo/ satisfactory way to h te/$ ?is "q ( ! effect ( raw mat]ials on ! f9i%$ product w\ld h be5 to make a s]ies ( worts ) exactly ! same p]c5tage ( solids1 "s ( pure malt & o!rs ( mixtures ( pure malt & corn1 rice1 & c]eal92 !n a direct comp>ison betwe5 ! results w\ld h %[n ! effects ( ^! v>i\s mat]ials4 ,?is me?od 0 impracticable because x 0 necess>y to take ! brews z actually made "u v>y+ comm]cial conditions4 ,! object s\ght c be accompli%$1 h[ev]1 by calculat+ ! results ( ^! analyses ei!r to ! basis ( dry mat]ial 9 ! orig9al wort or by calculat+ !m to ! basis ( a wort ) con/ant wat] cont5t4 ,x 0 decid$ to calculate all ( ! results to ! basis ( a wort conta9+ #ae p] c5t ( solids1 z ?is w\ld give a uni=m basis = comp>ison & w\ld be approximately an av]age wort4 ,! me?od employ$ 9 calculat+ ! v>i\s be]s & ales to ?is uni=m basis 0 z foll[s3 ,! p]c5tage ( solids 9 ! orig9al wort 0 calculat$ by multiply+ ! p]c5tage by weight ( alcohol by #b & add+ ! p]c5tage by weight ( extract4 ,! result = an ord9>y be] w\ld be ab\t #ab p] c5t1 :ile 9 ! case ( a v heavy ale x might be z high z #ah or #bj p] c5t4 ,! actual p]c5tages ( prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid f\nd by analysis 7 !n calculat$ to ! basis ( a uni=m wort conta9+ #ae p] c5t ( solids4 ,?is 0 ! me?od us$ = prep>+ ! second "p ( ?is table4 ,a /udy ( ?is portion ( ! table %[s ! actual effects ( ! v>i\s sub/itutes us$ = malt on ! composition ( ! f]m5t$ product4 ,= in/ance1 ! fir/ ( ! all-malt be]s f brew]y ,no4 #b 7#bbjag-;,d7 %[$ 9 ! analysis ( ! orig9al product a prote9 p]c5tage ( #j4fjc1 an a% p]c5tage ( #j4bjf1 & a phosphoric acid p]c5tage ( #j4jgi4 ,:5 calculat$ to ! basis ( a wort conta9+ #ae p] c5t ( solids in/ead ( #ab4gb p] c5t 7! actual p]c5tage ( solids 9 ! wort f :i* x 0 made71 x gave ! foll[+ p]c5tages3 ,prote91 #j4gab2 a%1 #j4bdc2 & phosphoric acid1 #j4jic4 ,9 ! case ( brew]y ,no4 #c1 sample ,no4 #bieab-;,b1 :]e ! orig9al analysis ( ! product %[$ #j4fej p] c5t ( prote91 #j4bff ( a%1 & #j4jeg ( phosphoric acid1 x w be f\nd t :5 ?is product is calculat$ to ! basis ( a wort ( #ae p] c5t ( solids in/ead ( a wort ( #ai4eb 7! actual p]c5tage ( solids 9 ! wort 9 ?is case7 ! p]c5tage ( a% is #j4bjd1 ( prote9 #j4dii1 & ( phosphoric acid #j4jdd4 ,a comp>ison ( ^! results %[s t 9 ! prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid !re has be5 a mat]ial r$uction bel[ ! figures f\nd ^u ! all-malt be]1 due to ! pres5ce ( ! #be p] c5t ( c]eal94 ,a /udy ( ^! results1 calculat$ to ! basis ( #ae p] c5t ( solids 9 ! wort1 %[s v cle>ly t ! g5]al effect ( ! sub/itution ( c]eal91 brew]'s sug>1 rice1 & corn is to r$uce ! cont5t ( a%1 prote91 & phosphoric acid4 ,x is evid5t f ! results "h giv5 t ! mo/ important ?+s to be consid]$ 9 judg+ ! nature ( ! raw mat]ials us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( a be] are ! quantities ( prote91 phosphoric acid1 & a%2 z ! o!r con/itu5ts pres5t 9 ! f9i%$ be] are m or less v>iable1 ! quantities pres5t dep5d+ ^u ! me?ods ( ma%+ & f]m5tation4 ,table ,,viii conta9s a summ>y ( results giv+ ! a%1 prote91 & phosphoric acid 9 all ( ! f9i%$ products ( kn[n composition :i* 7 exam9$1 calculat$ to ! basis ( a uni=m wort ( #ae p] c5t ( solids4 ,,table ,,viii4--,summ>y ( ! results ( analyses 7%[+ a%1 prote91 & phosphoric acid det]m9ations7 9 all f9i%$ products ( kn[n composition1 calculat$ to ! basis ( a uni=m wort conta9+ #ae p] c5t ( solids4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,raw mat]ials4 ,products4 ,a%4 ,prote9 ,phos- 7,n #f4be74 phoric ,acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,malt ,be]s3 #ba ,p] ,p] ,p] samples c5t4 c5t4 c5t4 ,maximum #j4ccf #a4jgi #j4adc ,m9imum 4#bcj 4#gja 4#jhg ,av]age 4#bge 4#hgj 4#aji --------------------------------------- #hj p] c5t malt & #bj p] c5t rice ,be] 4#bjb 4#eag 4#jgc #ff p] c5t malt & #cd p] c5t rice d 4#aih 4#eee 4#jhd #fb p] c5t malt & #ch p] c5t rice d 4#bje 4#dhh 4#jfa #ee p] c5t malt & #de p] c5t rice d 4#adh 4#chj 4#jgg #ej p] c5t malt & #ej p] c5t rice d 4#afg 4#cea 4#jef -------------------------------------- ,maximum 4#bje 4#eee 4#jhd ---------- #gj p] c5t malt & #cj p] c5t corn ,be] 4#aii 4#cdc 4#jeg ,d d 4#ahh 4#cfg 4#jfe #fh p] c5t malt & #cb p] c5t corn d 4#aej 4#dfa 4#jeg ,d d 4#aha 4#dff 4#jfb ,d d 4#afd 4#dei 4#jef #fj p] c5t malt & #dj p] c5t corn d 4#bae 4#efc 4#jgd ,d d 4#ahh 4#eic 4#jgf ,d d 4#bbc 4#eig 4#jgd #de p] c5t malt & #ee p] c5t corn d 4#ade 4#cdg 4#jeg -------------------------------------- ,maximum 4#bbc 4#eig 4#jgf ---------- #fe p] c5t malt & #ce p] c5t c]eal9 ,be] 4#aib 4#dhc 4#jeg #hj p] c5t malt & #bj p] c5t c]eal9 ,ale 4#bae 4#dhj 4#jea #gh p] c5t malt & #bb p] c5t c]eal9 d 4#agf 4#dee 4#jej ,d d 4#afi 4#dgf 4#jde ,d d 4#aha 4#ejb 4#jdj #ge p] c5t malt & #be p] c5t c]eal9 d 4#bjd 4#dii 4#jdd ,d d 4#aif 4#eji 4#jdd ,d d 4#aia 4#ejb 4#jdc #fe p] c5t malt1 #g p] c5t brew]'s sug>1 & #bh p] c5t c]eal9 d 4#ahe 4#dji 4#jcg ,d d 4#age 4#ddc 4#jdj ,d d 4#aff 4#dbg 4#jda ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,maximum 4#bac 4#eji 4#jea ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,a /udy ( ! results giv5 9 ,table ,,viii %[s t 9 ! case ( ,am]ican be]s ! all-malt be]s are high] 9 a%1 prote91 & phosphoric acid ?an are any ( ! be]s made f a mix$ ma% ( malt & o!r c]eals4 ,! diff]5ce is suffici5tly m>k$ to make x possible to draw a r %>p l9e betwe5 ! all-malt be]s & ! be]s made f ! pres5t comm]cial mixtures4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! be]s made f mixtures ( malt & rice 9 :i* ! proportion ( rice v>ies f #bj to #ej p] c5t4 ,x w be se5 t 9 none ( ^! samples is ! a%1 phosphoric acid1 or prote9 s high z ! m9imum f\nd 9 ! all-malt be]s4 ,! same w be se5 9 ! case ( ! malt-&-corn be]s4 ,9 none ( ! malt-&-corn be]s is ! a%1 prote91 or phosphoric acid s high z ! m9imum f\nd 9 ! all-malt be]s1 & ! same is true ( ! mixtures ( malt & c]eal9 & ( malt1 brew]'s sug>1 & c]eal94 ,?is %[s cle>ly t ! comm]cial be]s made 9 ?is c\ntry f malt & malt sub/itutes c be di/+ui%$ readily f all-malt be]s4 ,:5 ! av]age composition ( ! #ba all-malt be]s exam9$ is tak5 into consid]ation x w be se5 t !re is a v %>p l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! all-malt & ! malt1 rice1 & corn products4 ,f ! figures :i* 7 obta9$ ^u ,am]ican be]s x w\ld seem t prote9 z a rule is m %>ply r$uc$ by ! addition ( malt sub/itutes ?an is ! a% or ! phosphoric acid1 al?\gh :]e corn or c]eal9 is us$ !re is a v m>k$ r$uction 9 ! am\nt ( phosphoric acid4 ,x w\ld appe>1 !re=e1 f ! results ( ?is inve/igation t 9 ! consid]ation ( ,am]ican be]s x w be comp>atively easy to draw a l9e betwe5 be]s made solely f malt & ^? made f mixtures ( malt ) rice1 corn1 & o!r sub/itutes4 ,?is conclusion is n entirely 9 agreem5t ) ! results :i* h be5 obta9$ by o!rs ^u =eign be]s1 9 ! prep>ation ( :i* l[ prote9 b>leys h be5 us$4 ,joseph ,race#a has report$ "s int]e/+ results ( an inve/igation c>ri$ on = ! same purpose z t = :i* ?is p>ticul> inve/igation 0 und]tak52 t is1 to di/+ui% betwe5 all-malt be]s & ^? made f sub/itutes4 ,8 results d n %[ z %>p a r$uction ( ! prote91 b he f\nd 9 8 all-malt be]s a v mu* l[] p]c5tage ( total prote9 ?an 0 f\nd 9 ! malt be]s ( ?is c\ntry4 ,he did obs]ve1 h[ev]1 a mat]ial r$uction ( ! phosphoric acid due to ! use ( sub/itutes4 ,un=tunately1 he made 8 det]m9ation ( phosphoric acid 9 ! a%1 & :ile he reports a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! phosphoric acid cont5t ( ! malt be]s & ^? made f sub/itutes1 8 total figures = phosphoric acid are mu* l[] ?an ^? report$ 9 ?is bullet94 ,= ?is reason ! figures = total phosphoric acid giv5 by him are n at all comp>able ) ^? det]m9$ by ! moi/ combu/ion me?od1 by ! uranium acetate me?od1 or by ! me?od ( a%+ ) calcium acetate4#b ,footnote #a3 ,j4 ,soc4 ,*em4 ,ind41 #bg 7#aijh71 #edd-edg4 ,footnote #b3 ,riley1 9 8 report to ! ,association ( ,(ficial ,agricultural ,*emi/s = ! ye> #aiac1 %[$ t a l>ge proportion ( ! phosphoric acid 0 ord9>ily lo/ :5 ! be] 0 directly a%$ 7,j4 ,assoc4 ,(f4 ,agr4 ,*emi/s1 #a 7#aiae71 #ach-adc74 ,= ?is reason1 9 comp>+ ! am\nt ( phosphoric acid giv5 9 ! lit]ature on be]s1 x is v ess5tial to "k ! me?od us$ = det]m9+ ! phosphoric acid4 ,! same fact obs]v$ by ,race1 namely1 t =eign be]s are ( l[ prote9 cont5t1 is %[n v cle>ly 9 ! publi%$ lit]ature on ,european be]s 9 g5]al4 ,knig#c gives ! foll[+ results ( analyses made by himself & ,h4 ,weigmann ( two all-malt be]s1 calculat$ to ! basis ( a wort conta9+ #ae p] cont ( solids3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,be] & p]c5tage ( wort4 ,prote94 ,a%4 ,phosphoric acid4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t4 ,pure malt be]3 #ab p]c5t wort #j4edh #j4bei #j4jih #ad p]c5t wort 4#deg 4#bad 4#jgf ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,f ^! results ( ,knig x w be se5 t ! prote9 cont5t ( ^! be]s is consid]ably less ?an t ( ! be]s exam9$ by ! writ]s4 ,z ! phosphoric acid & a% results1 h[ev]1 are practically ! same z 9 ,am]ican be]s1 x might be expect$ t ! use ( sub/itutes 9 place ( ! l[-prote9 malt w\ld n %[ s %>p a r$uction ( ! prote9 z 0 f\nd by ! au?ors1 al?\gh "o w\ld expect a r$uction 9 phosphoric acid & a% simil> to t f\nd 9 ,am]ican be]s4 ,?is is confirm$ by ! results obta9$ by ,race4 ,rob]t ,wahl#d made p>allel brew+s ( a high-prote9 b>ley & a l[-prote9 b>ley1 & f ^! obta9$ two be]s :i*1 :5 calculat$ to a uni=m wort ) #ae p] c5t ( solids1 %[$ a total prote9 9 ! be] made f ! l[-prote9 malt ( #j4gcd p] c5t1 & 9 ! be] made f ! high-prote9 malt #a4jda p] c5t4 ,?is cle>ly indicates t :]e a be] is made f high-prote9 b>ley1 z is ! case ) practically all ( ! be]s made 9 ?is c\ntry1#e ! r$uction 9 prote9 by ! use ( sub/itutes w be a valuable index to ! true nature ( ! product4 ,?is1 :5 tak5 9 connection ) ! r$uction ( phosphoric acid br\ght ab\t by ! use ( sub/itutes1 gives two factors ( value 9 judg+ ,am]ican be]s1 to det]m9e :e!r or n sub/itutes h be5 us$2 :ile 9 ! case ( be]s made f l[-prote9 b>ley !re is practically only "o factor1 namely1 ! r$uction ( phosphoric acid4 ,footnote #c3 ,knig1 ,f4 ,j41 ,*emie d] ,m5s*li*5 ,nahrungs- und ,g5ussmittel1 #d? ed41 v4 #a1 p4 #aaed4 ,b]l91 #aijc4 ,footnote #d3 ,am4 ,brew]s' ,rev41 #ah 7#aijd71 #cci4 ,footnote #e3 ,wahl1 ,rob]t4 ,9 ,am4 ,brew]s' ,rev41 #bi 7#aiae71 #caf-cag4 ,aft] ?is r ext5sive /udy _h be5 made at ! ?ree brew]ies1 ! inve/igation 0 ext5d$ to include brew]ies 9 v>i\s sections ( ! c\ntry :]e diff]5t types ( raw mat]ials 7 us$4 ,a special ef=t 0 made to obta9 au!ntic samples ( practically all ( ! malt be]s made 9 ?is c\ntry & also a l>ge s]ies ( malt-&-rice & malt-&-corn be]s4 ,9 ,table ,,ix h be5 tabulat$ ! results obta9$ on all-malt be]s4 ,all ( ^! results %[ practically ! same condition not$ 9 ! o!r samples ( malt be]2 t is1 a comp>atively high prote9 & phosphoric acid cont5t z comp>$ ) be]s made 9 "p f rice or corn4 ,^! malt be]s %[ figures consid]ably high] 9 prote9 ?an ^? giv5 9 ! lit]ature = all-malt be]s made f ! l[-prote9 malt ( ,europe4 ,,table ,,ix4--,analyses ( all-malt ,am]ican be]s4 ,column ,head+s3 ,a3 ,sample ,no4 ,b3 ,alcohol4 ,c3 ,extract 7,s*ultz & ,o/]mann74 ,d3 ,extract 9 orig9al wort 7calculat$74 ,e3 ,degree ( f]m5tation4 ,f3 ,total acid z lactic4 ,g3 ,volatile acid z acetic4 ,h3 ,r$uc+ sug>s z anhydr\s maltose4 ,i3 ,dextr94 ,j3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,k3 ,a%4 ,l3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ,m3 ,undet]m9$4 ,n3 ,pol>imet]4 ,o3 ,color 7,lovibond7 9 #a_/d-;in* cell4 ,p3 ,calculat$ to basis ( wort ) #ae p] c5t ( solids4 ,q3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,r3 ,a%4 ,s3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,p] c5t4 by ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] weightc5t4c5t4 c5t4c5t4c5t4c5t4c5t4 #bbjag-;,d #c4hc #e4jfab4gbfj4bbj4badj4jja #a4cb #b4cjj4fjc #bbjah-;,d #c4ij #e4jfab4hffj4fe 4#bbc 4#jjb #a4cd #b4jc 4#fjf #bbjbj-;,d #c4fi #e4abab4ejei4jd 4#bcd 4#jjb #a4eg #b4bj 4#fcj #bbjba-;,d #c4fc #e4edab4hjef4gb 4#bai 4#jja #a4hb #b4ae 4#fbf #afbhi-;,c #c4jj #e4hhaa4hhej4ej 4#bbh 4#jjc #a4cc #b4fh 4#geb #afbii-;,c #b4hd #f4jbaa4gjdh4ee 4#bcb 4#jab #a4ch #b4gg 4#gbd #bjgad-;,d #c4jg #e4hjaa4idea4db 4#bda 4#jab #a4de #b4fd 4#gba #bjgae-;,d #b4ie #e4ggaa4fgej4ef 4#bbh 4#jji #a4dc #b4fg 4#gbe #bcega-;,e #c4fh #d4ddaa4hjfb4de 4#bcb 4#jaj #a4jf #a4fg 4#fec #bcehe-;,e #c4fj #e4jdab4bdeh4hb 4#bgg 4#jje #a4cf #a4ha 4#haa #bcebh-;,e #c4bh #f4cfab4ibej4hj 4#chd 4#jaf #a4fb #b4gd 4#ije #bcecc-;,e #c4da #e4dhab4cjee4de 4#bcb 4#jjh #a4dh #b4dd 4#fab #bcecg-;,e #c4hj #g4bfad4hfea4ce 4#bej 4#jab #b4ea #b4ie 4#hjb #bcehh-;,e #c4af #f4aaab4dcej4hd 4#bej 4#jjh #a4ic #b4da 4#gig #bcech-;,e #c4ac #f4faab4ggdh4bd 4#bej 4#jji #b4ac #b4hb 4#fab #bcehi-;,e #c4ce #f4baab4iaea4ij 4#agh 4#jag #a4gh #b4hg 4#fbg #bceci-;,e #c4bb #f4fcac4bgdh4ec 4#cab 4#jag #b4ah #b4eh 4#ggh #bcedj-;,e #c4ic #f4ggad4fcec4gc 4#cdh 4#jjg #b4fd #a4hga4jaj #bceij-;,e #c4dh #e4deab4daef4ji 4#cge 4#jaj #b4ba #a4dh 4#hib #bceda-;,e #c4ab #e4jfaa4cjee4bb 4#bei 4#jjd #a4fi #a4bg 4#ggg #adjjd-;,h #c4jg #e4eeaa4fieb4ed 4#bbc 4#jac #a4ei #b4fd 4#fae ---------------------------------------- ------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,p --------------- ,a ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,q ,r ,s ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,p] ,p] ,p] ,degrees,degrees ,p] ,p] ,p] c5t4c5t4c5t4 ,v4 #a c5t4c5t4c5t4 #bbjag-;,d#j4bjfj4jgi #j4fc 444 #ab #j4gabj4bdcj4jic #bbjah-;,d 4#aii 4#jgg 4#hh 444 #ac 4#gja 4#bcj 4#jij #bbjbj-;,d 4#bjc 4#jhj 4#eb 444 #aa 4#gef 4#bdd 4#jif #bbjba-;,d 4#bje 4#jha 4#gd 444 #aj 4#gcd 4#bdj 4#jie #afbhi-;,c 4#bdb 4#jha 4#hh #cf4h 444 4#iej 4#cjf 4#ajb #afbii-;,c 4#bcg 4#jhh 4#ia #dj4j 444 4#icb 4#cjd 4#aac #bjgad-;,d 4#bbe 4#jhi 4#gf #cf4d #c 4#ijf 4#bhc 4#aab #bjgae-;,d 4#bac 4#jhh 4#gc #cf4j #d 4#icb 4#bgd 4#aac #bcega-;,e 4#bbi 4#jif 4#hc #ba4f 444 4#hcj 4#bia 4#abb #bcehe-;,e 4#beg 4#ajb 4#hj #bc4b #f 4#iid 4#cae 4#abd #bcebh-;,e 4#bci 4#abc 4#hf #cg4b #ac #a4jea 4#bgg 4#adc #bcecc-;,e 4#bjj 4#jhf 4#ge #cc4f #c 4#gdg 4#bdd 4#aje #bcecg-;,e 4#bbh 4#jih 4#gg #dd4j #ad 4#hji 4#bcj 4#jii #bcehh-;,e 4#bjh 4#jhf 4#gf #cg4b #d 4#ieb 4#bea 4#ajd #bcech-;,e 4#bbe 4#jhg 4#hb #dc4f #i 4#gai 4#bfd 4#ajb #bcehi-;,e 4#bjd 4#jge 4#gc #dj4j #g 4#gbi 4#bcg 4#jhg #bceci-;,e 4#bdh 4#jig 4#hd #ch4h #bb 4#hgi 4#bhj 4#aji #bcedj-;,e 4#cbd 4#abi 4#ic #cd4j #ah #a4jce 4#ccb 4#acb #bceij-;,e 4#bfd 4#aji 4#fj #be4f #g #a4jgi 4#cai 4#acb #bceda-;,e 4#bec 4#jhg #a4jg #bj4j #d #a4jca 4#ccf 4#aae #adjjd-;,h 4#bjg 4#jgb 4#di 444 #e 4#ghi 4#bff 4#jib ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,footnote #a3 ,brew]'s scale4 ,9 ,tables ,x & ,,xi are giv5 ! results = be]s made f malt & rice & f malt & corn4 ,a /udy ( ^! tables %[s ! same condition z 0 not$ 9 ! o!r tables giv+ malt-&-rice & malt-&-corn be]s2 t is1 ! be]s h a l[] prote9 & phosphoric acid cont5t ?an ^? made entirely f malt4 ,,table ,x4--,analyses ( malt-&-rice ,am]ican be]s4 ,column ,head+s3 ,a3 ,sample ,no4 ,b3 ,raw mat]ials4 ,c3 ,alcohol4 ,d3 ,extract 7,s*ultz & ,o/]mann74 ,e3 ,extract 9 orig9al wort 7calculat$74 ,f3 ,degree ( f]m5tation4 ,g3 ,total acid z lactic4 ,h3 ,volatile acid z acetic4 ,i3 ,r$uc+ sug>s z anhydr\s maltose4 ,j3 ,dextr94 ,k3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,l3 ,a%4 ,m3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ,n3 ,undet]m9$4 ,o3 ,pol>imet]4 ,p3 ,color 7,lovibond7 9 #a_/d-;in* cell4 ,q3 ,calculat$ to basis ( wort ) #ae p] c5t ( solids4 ,r3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,s3 ,a%4 ,t3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,p] ct4 by ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] weight ct4 ct4 ct4 ct4 ct4 ct4 ct4 #bbjdb-;,d#hj p] c5t malt & #bj p] c5t rice #c4af #e4acaa4deee4bjj4bdaj4jjc #a4ee #b4da #bcebg-;,e#ff p] c5t malt & #cd p] c5t rice #c4cb #e4ejab4aded4gj 4#aif 4#jjh #a4df #b4gd #bceha-;,e#fb p] c5t malt & #ch p] c5t rice #b4hf #f4afaa4hhdh4af 4#agh 4#jad #a4gg #c4ae #bcehg-;,e#ee p] c5t malt & #de p] c5t rice #c4ef #d4ifab4jheh4id 4#aea 4#jjg #a4bd #b4ec #bcehf-;,e#ej p] c5t malt & #ej p] c5t rice #c4dd #e4fgab4eeed4hb 4#afj 4#jjh #a4dd #c4jh ,q --------------- ,a ,b ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,r ,s ,t ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,de- ,de- ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] greesgrees ,p] ,p] ,p] ct4 ct4 ct4 ct4 ,v4 #a ct4 ct4 ct4 #bbjdb-;,d#hj p] c5t malt & #bj p] c5t rice#j4ciej4aedj4jef #j4fbcg4b #b #j4eagj4bjbj4jgc #bcebg-;,e#ff p] c5t malt & #cd p] c5t rice 4#ddi 4#afj 4#jfh 4#fidj4j #b 4#eee 4#aih 4#jhd #bceha-;,e#fb p] c5t malt & #ch p] c5t rice 4#chf 4#afb 4#jdh 4#fidh4f 444 4#dhh 4#bje 4#jfa #bcehg-;,e#ee p] c5t malt & #de p] c5t ric 4#cjf 4#aai 4#jfb 4#gfcg4j #b 4#chj 4#adh 4#jgg #bcehf-;,e#ej p] c5t malt & #ej p] c5t rice 4#bid 4#adj 4#jdg 4#gbdf4d #b 4#cea 4#afg 4#jef ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,footnote #a3 ,brew]'s scale4 ,,table ,,xi4--,analyses ( malt-&-corn ,am]ican be]s4 ,column ,head+s3 ,a3 ,sample ,no4 ,b3 ,raw mat]ials4 ,c3 ,alcohol4 ,d3 ,extract 7,s*ultz & ,o/]mann74 ,e3 ,extract 9 orig9al wort 7calculat$74 ,f3 ,degree ( f]m5tation4 ,g3 ,total acid z lactic4 ,h3 ,volatile acid z acetic4 ,i3 ,r$uc+ sug>s z anhydr\s maltose4 ,j3 ,dextr94 ,k3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,l3 ,a%4 ,m3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ,n3 ,undet]m9$4 ,o3 ,pol>imet]4 ,p3 ,color 7,lovibond7 9 #a_/d-;in* cell4 ,q3 ,calculat$ to basis ( wort ) #ae p] c5t ( solids4 ,r3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,s3 ,a%4 ,t3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,p] ct4 by ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] weight ct4 ct4 ct4 ct4 ct4 ct4 ct4 #bcecd-;,e#gj p] c5t malt & #cj p] c5t corn #b4ge #e4ecaa4jcej4cbj4abej4jje #a4bg #c4ac #bcece-;,e d #c4jc #d4heaj4iaee4ee 4#bbd 4#jaa #a4ae #b4gf #bceah-;,e#fh p] c5t malt & #cb p] c5t corn #c4cg #e4ifab4gjec4jg 4#aaf 4#jjf #a4fc #c4jg #bcefa-;,e d #c4bf #f4adab4ffea4ej 4#acd 4#jaf #a4ed #c4jg #bcegb-;,e d #c4cg #f4jgab4haeb4fb 4#adc 4#jbj #a4ef #c4bi #bcehd-;,e#fj p] c5t malt & #dj p] c5t corn #c4ji #d4ijaa4jhee4gh 4#agh 4#jbj #a4ce #b4dc #bcebc-;,e d #c4af #f4jgab4ciea4ja 4#bad 4#jji #a4fj #c4cf #bcffj-;,e d #c4bf #f4jgab4eiea4gi 4#bje 4#jji #a4ee #c4jf #afbhf-;,c d #c4ai #e4fjaa4ihec4cd 4#agc 4#jad #a4he #b4fa #afbhg-;,c d #c4bc #e4fgab4acec4bf 4#agh 4#jad #a4hd #b4da #bcebd-;,e#de p] c5t malt & #ee p] c5t corn #c4dc #e4geab4faed4dj 4#afi 4#jjg #a4dd #c4ai ,q --------------- ,a ,b ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,r ,s ,t ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,de- ,de- ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] greesgrees ,p] ,p] ,p] ct4 ct4 ct4 ct4 ,v4 #a ct4 ct4 ct4 #bcecd-;,e#gj p] c5t malt & #cj p] c5t corn#j4bebj4adfj4jdb #j4gcdb4f #b #j4cdcj4aiij4jeg #bcece-;,e d 4#bfg 4#acg 4#jdg 4#eccg4b #b 4#cfg 4#ahh 4#jfe #bceah-;,e#fh p] c5t malt & #cb p] c5t corn 4#cij 4#abg 4#jdh 4#gddi4f #c 4#dfa 4#aej 4#jeg #bcefa-;,e d 4#cic 4#aec 4#jeb 4#ihdh4j 444 4#dff 4#aha 4#jfb #bcegb-;,e d 4#cib 4#adj 4#jdh 4#fidg4j 444 4#dei 4#afd 4#jef #bcehd-;,e#fj p] c5t malt & #dj p] c5t corn 4#daf 4#aei 4#jee 4#edcd4f 444 4#efc 4#bae 4#jgd #bcebc-;,e d 4#dij 4#aee 4#jfd 4#dfde4j #e 4#eic 4#ahh 4#jgf #bcffj-;,e d 4#eja 4#ahg 4#jfb 4#ggdd4d #e 4#eig 4#bbc 4#jgd #afbhf-;,c d 4#caa 4#bai 4#jeg 4#fada4j 444 4#chi 4#bgd 4#jga #afbhg-;,c d 4#cbb 4#bje 4#jee 4#hida4j 444 4#cih 4#bed 4#jfh #bcebd-;,e#de p] c5t malt & #ee p] c5t corn 4#bib 4#abb 4#jdh 4#gade4f #b 4#cdg 4#ade 4#jeg ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,footnote #a3 ,brew]'s scale4 ,9 ,table ,,xii h be5 br\ght toge!r ! results ( ! exam9ation ( a l>ge numb] ( comm]cial be]s ( ,am]ican production1 :i* 7 repres5t$ to be made f malt & hops4 ,?is repres5tation subsequ5tly prov$ to be false1 al?\gh exact in=mation z to ! am\nt or k9d ( sub/itute us$ is n available4 ,^! results are ( value1 h[ev]1 9 %[+ ! g5]al composition ( ,am]ican be]s made f ! ord9>y comm]cial mixtures & cle>ly indicate t by tak+ into consid]ation ! a%1 prote91 & phosphoric acid cont5t x is practicable to di/+ui% comm]cial be]s made 9 ?is c\ntry f malt & malt sub/itutes f be]s made f malt alone4 ,,table ,,xii4--,analyses ( ,am]ican be]s incorrectly repres5t$ to be all-malt4 ,column ,head+s3 ,a3 ,sample ,no4 ,b3 ,alcohol4 ,c3 ,extract 7,s*ultz & ,o/]mann74 ,d3 ,extract 9 orig9al wort 7calculat$74 ,e3 ,degree ( f]m5tation4 ,f3 ,total acid z lactic4 ,g3 ,volatile acid z acetic4 ,h3 ,r$uc+ sug>s z anhydr\s maltose4 ,i3 ,dextr94 ,j3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,k3 ,a%4 ,l3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ,m3 ,undet]m9$4 ,n3 ,pol>imet]4 ,o3 ,color 7,lovibond7 9 #a_/d-;in* cell4 ,p3 ,calculat$ to basis ( wort ) #ae p] c5t ( solids4 ,q3 ,prote9 7,n #f4be74 ,r3 ,a%4 ,s3 ,phosphoric acid 7z ,p#b,o#e74 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,p] c5t4 by ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] weightc5t4c5t4 c5t4c5t4c5t4c5t4c5t4 #bdag-;,e #c4fg #d4ffab4jjfa4ccj4aedj4jac #a4ei #a4igj4cda #cffab-;,e #c4aj #g4eeac4gede4ji 4#bcb 4#jag #b4cc #c4ic 4#bgd #aadf-;,e #d4bc #g4ceae4haec4ea 4#bda 4#jbi #b4ba #c4ci 4#dgb #cjad-;,e #c4bf #f4gdac4bfdi4ag 4#afg 4#jad #b4gd #b4ef 4#djf #bech-;,e #b4hf #f4fiab4dadf4ji 4#bad 4#jag #c4bb #b4ab 4#cij #agcd-;,e #c4ee #f4eeac4feeb4jb 4#bej 4#jbh #a4hg #c4eh 4#cjc #aaed-;,e #c4ee #e4fbab4gbee4hb 4#ahg 4#jad #a4hh #b4eb 4#ceb #ajjf-;,e #c4eh #d4gdaa4ijfj4ag 4#ach 4#jag #a4db #a4ii 4#dbj #aie-;,e #c4ef #d4baaa4ccfb4hd 4#abg 4#jjh #b4gb 4#gg 4#bed #ejbb-;,e #b4ie #e4fjaa4ejea4cj 4#acc 4#jbb #b4cj #b4bj 4#bcc #ajje-;,e #b4fi #e4ccaj4gaej4bd 4#ajb 4#jaj #a4gg #b4cd 4#ced #aid-;,e #c4ah #d4jjaj4cffa4ci 4#jfb 4#jag #a4cg #a4eh 4#bif #ahe-;,e #c4dd #c4ibaj4hjfc4gj 4#ada 4#jaa #b4jf 4#ig 4#bej #ecad-;,e #c4gh #e4feac4baeg4ae 4#aea 4#jaj #a4df #b4hd 4#daf #ddea-;,e #c4bc #f4ebab4ihdi4gg 4#bbh 4#jji #b4hj #b4dd 4#eai #efif-;,e #d4ai #f4ddad4hbef4ee 4#bfh 4#jab #b4ae #c4jf 4#cji #ccei-;,e #d4if #g4dcag4ceeg4ah 4#cba 4#jai #a4gf #c4gd 4#eji #cceh-;,e #c4bc #e4ecaa4iiec4hc 4#aba 4#jji #a4hh #b4ea 4#cad #dha-;,e #c4hg #e4bjab4idei4hb 4#adg 4#jad #a4cb #b4dg 4#cai #fhg-;,e #c4bd #d4gaaa4aieg4ia 4#jhj 4#jji #a4fc #b4bj 4#bhd #aic-;,e #c4ff #e4geac4jgef4ja 4#adh 4#jag #a4gh #b4fg 4#cdf #ejbc-;,e #c4af #e4cjaa4fbed4ci 4#abh 4#jje #a4ie #b4ac 4#bad #ecah-;,e #c4eg #e4bjab4cdeg4hf 4#bbj 4#jjc #a4ej #b4ei 4#cbj #fgae-;,e #c4ge #g4ihae4dhdh4de 4#agd 4#jjf #b4ee #c4fj 4#dcj #fgaf-;,e #c4ff #g4gcae4jedh4fd 4#ahg 4#jji #b4cg #c4hd 4#chd #bchh-;,e #b4ie #e4ceaa4beeb4de 4#jhj 4#jab #a4fd #b4cb 4#ccg #bceb-;,e #c4bj #d4fiaa4jieg4ga 4#adg 4#jaa #a4ii #a4gf 4#cbf #bggj-;,e #c4ff #e4iiac4caee4jj 4#afi 4#jai #a4hb #b4ef 4#bgf #hgje-;,e #b4ia #e4fbaa4ddej4if 4#adg 4#jag #a4hf #b4eh 4#cff #hgjf-;,e #c4dh #d4icaa4hieh4ed 4#bad 4#jbb #a4hc #a4hc 4#dgj #hgjd-;,e #b4gf #d4ihaj4ejeb4eg 4#afj 4#jaj #a4fb #b4bf 4#cij #ghci-;,e #c4ea #e4chab4djef4fa 4#adb 4#jab #a4eg #b4gg 4#bij #egjg-;,e #c4ce #e4hbab4ebec4ea 4#afj 4#jaa #b4ja #b4fe 4#ceb #haga-;,f #c4ej #e4iiab4iiec4he 4#afi 4#jac #a4ib #b4fg 4#bga #cig-;,e #c4gc #f4gaad4ageb4fe 4#afi 4#jjg #a4ef #c4if 4#cbd ---------------------------------------- ------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,p --------------- ,a ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,q ,r ,s ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,p] ,p] ,p] ,degrees,degrees ,p] ,p] ,p] c5t4c5t4c5t4 ,v4 #a c5t4c5t4c5t4 #bdag-;,e#j4abjj4jec #j4fd #ca4j #a #j4dbfj4aejj4jff #cffab-;,e 4#adi 4#jdc 4#hg #ed4d #ce 4#bii 4#afc 4#jdg #aadf-;,e 4#bjb 4#jgd #a4jh #ej4j #cb 4#ddh 4#aib 4#jgj #cjad-;,e 4#adg 4#jfj 4#hi #di4f #c 4#dei 4#aff 4#jfh #bech-;,e 4#aha 4#jej 4#gh #dc4b #ed 4#dgb 4#bai 4#jfj #agcd-;,e 4#ade 4#jdh 4#fe #ec4j #c 4#ccc 4#aei 4#jec #aaed-;,e 4#aeh 4#jdc 4#ga #da4j #c 4#dae 4#ahf 4#jea #ajjf-;,e 4#aeh 4#jeg 4#ge #ca4b #ab 4#ebi 4#aii 4#jgb #aie-;,e 4#abg 4#jdd 4#cd #bb4f #c 4#ccf 4#afh 4#jeh #ejbb-;,e 4#aba 4#jcf 4#ge #da4j #c 4#cjd 4#aeh 4#jdg #ajje-;,e 4#acb 4#jdh 4#gd #ci4f #c 4#dif 4#ahe 4#jfg #aid-;,e 4#aaj 4#jde 4#fd #bg4j #e 4#dbc 4#aei 4#jfe #ahe-;,e 4#aaf 4#jda 4#eb #bc4b #c 4#cdg 4#afa 4#jeg #ecad-;,e 4#agg 4#jei 4#gf #dj4h #c 4#dgb 4#bja 4#jfg #ddea-;,e 4#aec 4#jed 4#fa 444 #gh 4#eii 4#agg 4#jfb #efif-;,e 4#aig 4#jhb 4#gb #dd4j #ah 4#cac 4#aii 4#jhc #ccei-;,e 4#bid 4#jgd #a4ac #dh4d #dd 4#ddj 4#bed 4#jfd #cceh-;,e 4#age 4#jde 4#fe #da4j #c 4#cib 4#bai 4#jef #dha-;,e 4#afc 4#jed 4#ic #cf4f #b 4#cgj 4#ahi 4#jfc #fhg-;,e 4#abd 4#jdh 4#dg #ce4f #b 4#chb 4#afg 4#jfe #aic-;,e 4#aec 4#jdh 4#hj #db4h #c 4#cig 4#agf 4#jee #ejbc-;,e 4#abf 4#jcc 4#hh #dj4j #b 4#bgf 4#afc 4#jdc #ecah-;,e 4#adg 4#jde 4#fd #da4h #c 4#chi 4#agi 4#jee #fgae-;,e 4#ahf 4#jeh #a4ba #fa4f #ad 4#dag 4#ahj 4#jef #fgaf-;,e 4#afd 4#jee 4#ig #fa4f #ad 4#chc 4#afd 4#jee #bchh-;,e 4#ace 4#jdb 4#ia #dj4d #b 4#ddi 4#ahj 4#jef #bceb-;,e 4#adf 4#jcg 4#df #cb4b #c 4#dda 4#aih 4#jej #bggj-;,e 4#aid 4#jej #a4ad #de4b #f 4#caa 4#bai 4#jef #hgje-;,e 4#aej 4#jda 4#ff #da4j 444 4#dhj 4#aig 4#jec #hgjf-;,e 4#afj 4#jfb 4#fd #cj4d 444 4#eic 4#bjb 4#jgh #hgjd-;,e 4#aej 4#jed 4#ef #cf4d 444 4#eeg 4#bad 4#jgg #ghci-;,e 4#aaf 4#jca 4#fc #da4b 444 4#cea 4#adj 4#jch #egjg-;,e 4#adg 4#jdh 4#ff #dc4j 444 4#dbb 4#agf 4#jeh #haga-;,f 4#agh 4#jed 4#ie #de4b 444 4#cac 4#bje 4#jfb #cig-;,e 4#aea 4#jea 4#gb #ee4b #b 4#cdc 4#afj 4#jed ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,footnote #a3 ,brew]'s scale4 ,! data report$ 9 ,tables ,x1 ,,xi1 & ,,xii give ! results ( analyses ( comm]cial ,am]ican be]s obta9$ f v>i\s brew]ies 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z ^! be]s are f\nd on ! m>ket at ! pres5t "t2 h5ce1 !y are ( g5]al value = ! purpose ( %[+ ! composition ( ,am]ican be]s4 ,^! data also are ( consid]able int]e/ :5 we comp>e !m ) data relat+ to ,am]ican be]s publi%$ by ! dep>tm5t 9 #ahhg4a ,a comp>ison ( ^! two sets ( figures %[s t be]s made at ! pres5t "t h a mu* l[] p]c5tage ( alcohol & are made f a wort conta9+ a mu* l[] p]c5tage ( solids ?an be]s made a g5]ation ago4 ,! av]age ( #bh samples exam9$ & report$ 9 #ahhg 9 ! publication cit$#a %[$ an av]age alcohol cont5t ( #d4fc p] c5t by weight & solids 9 ! orig9al wort ( #ad4gi p] c5t1 :ile ! av]age ( #gb be]s repres5t+ ! products n[ on ! m>ket %[$ an av]age ( #c4eb p] c5t by weight ( alcohol & solids 9 ! orig9al wort ( #ab4ej p] c5t4 ,?is is a r$uction ( #a4aa p] c5t by weight ( alcohol & #b4bc p] c5t ( solids 9 ! orig9al wort4 ,footnote #a3 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr41 ,div4 ,*em41 ,bul4 #ac1 #ahhg1 pt4 #c1 p4 #bhb4 ,,conclusions4 ,! all-malt be]s made 9 ?is c\ntry conta9 high] p]c5tages ( prote9 ?an ! all-malt be]s made 9 ,europe1 ow+ to ! use 9 ?is c\ntry ( a b>ley high 9 prote94 ,! use ( rice1 corn or corn products1 & brew]'s sug> z sub/itutes = malt r$uces ! cont5t ( prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid 9 ! f9i%$ be]4 ,?is diff]5ce1 z reg>ds ! prote91 a%1 & phosphoric acid1 is a suffici5t basis = di/+ui%+ ! all-malt be]s made 9 ?is c\ntry f ^? conta9+ ! comm]cial mixtures ( rice1 corn1 c]eal91 & brew]'s sug>4 ,x is necess>y to calculate analytical results to ! basis ( a common wort 9 ord] to int]pret !m prop]ly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,additional ,,copies ,,( ,,?is ,,publication ,,may ,,be ,,procur$ ,,f ,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,docum5ts ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,at #e ,,c5ts ,,p] ,,copy ,,wa%+ton3 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aiag 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s notes3 ,remov$ italics m>ks '' f tables 9 text v]sion to make m readable ,*ang$ head] 9 ,table ,i1 #g? column to read ',r$uc+ ,sug>s 444' in/ead ( ',r$uc+ ,sug> 444' to mat* id5tical head]s 9 ! o!r ,tables