available by ,cornell ,university       
,digital ,collections74          ,,the  
,,international ,,magazine  ,of         
,literature1 ,art1 and ,science4  ,vol4 
,,ii4  ,,new-,,york1 ,,march #a1 #ahea4 
,no4 ,,iv4  ,transcriber's ,note3 ,minor
 typos have been corrected and footnotes
 moved to the end of the article4       
,,austen ,,henry ,,layard1 ,,ll4 ,d4    
,illustration   ,in an early number of  
the ,international we had the           
satisfaction of printing an original and
 very interesting letter from ,dr4      
,layard1 in which1 with more fulness and
 explicitness than in his great work on 
,nineveh1 he discusses the subject of   
,ancient ,art4 ,we have carefully noted 
from time to time his proceedings in the
 ,east1 and our readers will remember   
that we recently gave engravings of the 
most remarkable of the antiquities he   
sent home last year to the ,british     
,museum4 ,since that time he has        
proceeded to ,bagdad1 and he is now     
pursuing in that vicinity1 with his     

wonted sagacity and earnestness1        
researches for the remains of ,babylon1 
which in turn will furnish material for 
another extensive publication from his  
pen4  ,the first public announcement of 
the discoveries at ,nimroud was made in 
the ,knickerbocker ,magazine of this    
city1 in a letter from our countryman1  
,minor ,k4 ,kellogg1 the painter1 who   
was a long time the intimate friend and 
travelling companion of ,layard in ,asia
 ,minor4 ,introducing the letters in    
which the antiquary disclosed the       
successful result of his investigations1
 ,mr4 ,kellogg says3       ,i can       
scarcely call to mind a person so       
admirably qualified in      all respects
 for prosecuting such laborious         
researches4 ,he is      young1 of a     
hardy and enduring constitution1 is     
acquainted with      the ,oriental      
languages1 and speaks the ,persian and  
,turkish      fluently4 ,he is          
enthusiastic and indefatigable in every 
thing      he undertakes1 and           

plentifully endowed with courage1       
prudence1      and good-nature4  ,this  
was more than two years before ,layard  
himself1 in his ,nineveh and its        
,remains1 exhibited those triumphs of   
his intelligence and devotion which have
 secured for him a place among the most 
famous travellers and antiquaries in the
 world4  ,we take the occasion of       
copying the above portrait from the last
 number of ,bentley's ,miscellany to    
present1 from various authentic sources1
 a brief sketch of ,dr4 ,layard's       
history4 ,he is descended from the noble
 ,french ,protestant family of ,raymond 
de ,layarde1 who accompanied the ,prince
 of ,orange into ,england4 ,he was born 
at ,paris1 during a temporary visit of  
his parents to that metropolis1 on the  
#eth of ,march1 #ahag4 ,his father1 who 
was the son of the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,henry    
,peter ,john ,layard1 ,dean of ,bristol1
 filled a high civil office in ,ceylon1 
between the years #ahbj and #ahcj1 and  
took great interest in the circulation  

of the ,scriptures among heathen        
nations4 ,he was a man of considerable  
classical learning1 and of refined      
tastes4 ,during the youth of his son1 he
 lived at ,florence1 where our young    
antiquary had free access to the stores 
of the ,pitti ,palace1 and of the       
,tribune4 ,he thus became familiar from 
his infancy with the language of        
,tuscany1 and formed his taste for the  
fine arts and literature upon the models
 of painting and sculpture amid which he
 lived1 and in the rich libraries which 
he frequented4 ,in this manner he added 
a thorough knowledge of modern languages
 to a competent acquaintance with those 
of ,greece and ,rome4 ,here1 also1 he   
acquired1 almost involuntarily1 a power 
over his pencil1 which1 long dormant1   
was called forth by the sight of slabs  
with the noblest sculptures and the     
finest inscriptions1 crumbling into     
dust4 ,no draughtsman had been provided 
for his assistance1 and had he not      
instantly determined to arrest by the   

quickness of his eye1 and the skill thus
 acquired1 improved subsequently by ,mr4
 ,kellogg's companionship1 those        
fleeting forms which were about to      
disappear for ever1 many of the finest  
remains of ancient art would have been  
irrecoverably lost4  ,on his return from
 ,italy to ,england1 he was urged to    
choose the profession of the law2 but   
his thirst for knowledge1 his love of   
adventure1 and his foreign tastes and   
habits1 led him1 after a brief          
apprenticeship1 to travel4 ,he left     
,england1 with no very definite object1 
in the summer of #ahci1 and1 accompanied
 by a friend1 visited ,russia and other 
northern countries1 and afterward1      
living some time in ,germany and the    
states on the ,danube1 made himself     
master of the ,german language1 and of  
several of the dialects of              
,transylvania4 ,from ,dalmatia he passed
 into ,montenegro1 where he remained a  
considerable time1 assisting an able and
 active young chief in ameliorating the 

condition of his semi-barbarous         
subjects4 ,travelling through ,albania  
and ,romelia1 where he met with numerous
 adventures1 he arrived at              
,constantinople1 about the end of #ahci4
 ,here he made arrangements for visiting
 ,asia ,minor1 and other countries in   
the ,east1 where he spent some years1   
adopting the costume and leading the    
life of an ,arab of the ,desert1 and    
acquiring a thorough knowledge of the   
manners and languages of ,turkey and    
,arabia4 ,in #ahdj or #ahda1 he         
transmitted to the ,royal ,geographical 
,society1 an ,itinerary from            
,constantinople to ,aleppo1 which does  
not seem to have been published2 but in 
the eleventh volume of the ,journal of  
that ,society1 we have an account of the
 tour which he performed with ,mr4      
,ainsworth1 in ,april1 #ahdj4 ,he       
travelled in ,persia in the same year1  
and projected a journey for the purpose 
of examining ,susa1 and some other      
places of interest in the ,baktyari     

mountains1 to which ,major ,rawlinson   
had drawn the attention of the          
,geographical ,society4 ,with this view1
 he left ,ispahan in the middle of      
,september1 in company with ,schiffeer  
,khan1 a ,baktyari chief2 and having    
crossed the highest part of the great   
chain of ,mungasht1 he visited the ruins
 of ,manjanik1 which are of considerable
 extent1 and resemble those of the      
,susannian cities4 ,he visited also the 
ruins in the plain of ,mel ,amir1 and   
copied some of their cuneiform          
inscriptions4 ,in crossing the hills to 
,susan1 he was attacked by a tribe of   
,dinarunis1 and robbed of his watch1    
compass1 c42 but having complained to   
the chief1 and insisted on the return of
 every missing article1 he received back
 the whole of his property4 ,it had been
 his practice to traverse these         
mountains quite alone1 and he was never 
attacked or insulted1 except on this    
occasion1 when the country was in a     
state of war4 ,he found scarcely any    

remains at ,susan to indicate the site  
of a large city4 ,in #ahdb and #ahdc1 he
 spent a considerable time in the       
province of ,khuistan1 an elaborate     
description of which he communicated    
through ,lord ,aberdeen to the ,royal   
,geographical ,society4 ,it was during  
these various journeys that he prepared 
himself for the great task to which his 
best and ripest powers were to be       
devoted4 ,in his wanderings through     
,asia ,minor and ,syria he had scarcely 
left a spot untrodden which tradition   
hallowed1 or a ruin unexamined which was
 consecrated by history4 ,his companion 
shared his feelings and his zeal4       
,unmindful of danger1 they rode along   
with no other protection than their     
arms4 ,they tended their own horses1    
and1 mixing with the people1 they       
acquired their manners and their        
language4 ,he himself says3 ,i had      
traversed ,asia ,minor and ,syria1      
visiting the ancient seats of           
civilization1 and the spots which       

religion had made holy4 ,i now felt an  
irresistible desire to penetrate to the 
regions beyond the ,euphrates1 to which 
history and tradition point as the      
birthplace of the ,wisdom of the ,west4 
,with these feelings1 he looked to the  
banks of the ,tigris1 and longed to     
dispel the mysterious darkness which    
hung over ,assyria and ,babylonia4 ,he1 
accordingly1 made preliminary visits to 
,mosul1 inspected the ruins of ,nimroud 
and ,kuyunjik1 and1 fortunately1        
obtained an interview with ,sir         
,stratford ,canning at ,constantinople1 
then on his way to ,england4 ,this      
distinguished man1 who was formerly     
minister to the ,united ,states1 and is 
remembered with well-deserved gratitude 
by nearly every recent traveller in the 
,east1 immediately discovered and       
appreciated the character and talents of
 ,mr4 ,layard4 ,his knowledge of the    
,east1 and of its manners and languages1
 recommended him in a peculiar manner to
 the notice of the ambassador1 who      

persuaded him to remain1 and employed   
him on many important public services4  
,sir ,stratford ,canning himself took a 
deep interest in the researches which   
had been made by the ,french1 and he    
promptly aided his young countryman in  
carrying out the designs of which we now
 have the histories in his books4 ,in   
the summer of #ahde ,mr4 ,layard1 ,count
 ,perpontier of the ,prussian ,embassy1 
and ,mr4 ,kellogg1 quitted              
,constantinople together1 and visited   
,brusa 7where ,layard was some time     
dangerously ill from a coup de soleil71 
,mount ,olympus1 the country of the     
,ourouks or ,wandering ,tartars1 the    
valley of the ,rhyndacus1 the ,plain of 
,toushanloo1 ,kiutayah1 the ruins of    
,azani1 c4 ,shortly after he proceeded  
to ,nimroud1 and in ,december1 #ahdg1 he
 returned to ,england with the fruits of
 his labors4 ,he wrote to ,mr4 ,kellogg1
 who was now in ,new-,york1 under date  
of      ,,cheltenham1 ,jan4 #af1 #ahdh4 
,,my ,,dear ,,kellogg3--,i was quite    

delighted to see your      handwriting  
again1 when a few days ago ,i received  
your letter      of the #aeth ,november1
 with the diploma of the ,new-,york     
,ethnological ,society4 ,i reached home 
on ,christmas day1 after      having    
been detained three months at           
,constantinople4 ,as you may      well  
conceive1 since my return ,i have not   
had a moment to      myself--for what   
with domestic rejoicings and general    
honors1 ,i      have been in one        
continual movement and excitement4 ,i   
was      gratified to find that the     
results of my labors had created        
much more interest in ,england than ,i  
could possibly have      expected1 and  
that those connected with art1 and      
interested in      early history1 were  
really enthusiastic on the subject2 so  
much      so1 indeed1 that the ,trustees
 of the ,british ,museum are            
desirous of doing every thing that ,i   
think right2 and it is      probable    
that ere long a very fine work will be  

published at      the public expense1   
containing all the drawings 7about #acj7
 and      inscriptions4 ,i am to write  
and publish a small descriptive and     
popular work1 for my own advantage1 just
 sufficient to satisfy      the public  
curiosity about ,nineveh and the        
excavations4 ,it will      contain an   
account of the works carried on1 a      
slight sketch of      the history of    
,nineveh1 a short inquiry into the      
manners1      customs and religion of   
the ,assyrians1 my own adventures in    
,assyria1 and a little information on   
the language and      character1 with an
 account of the progress made in        
deciphering4      ,there will be two    
volumes ,i presume1 and ,i have already 
advantageous offers from publishers4 ,my
 reason for entering      into these    
details1 is to ask you what the law is  
in ,america1      and whether any       
influential bookseller would be willing 
to give      me any thing for the       
copyright1 and if so1 how it could be   

managed8 ,if you could do any thing for 
me in this matter1 ,i      should really
 be much obliged to you1 and ,i am      
willing to abide      by any arrangement
 you might think advantageous4 ,i think 
the      work will be                   
attractive--particularly in ,america1   
where there      are so many ,scripture 
readers4       ,i took ,florence on my  
way1 expressly to see you and ,powers4  
,although ,i was disappointed 7and very 
greatly too7 in the      first1 ,i was  
greatly gratified in seeing ,powers1 and
 can assure      you ,i left ,florence  
with as high an admiration for his      
genius      and character1 as you can   
have1 although unfortunately ,i was     
only able to pass an hour or two with   
him1 my stay being so      short4 ,i    
showed him all my drawings1 and1 as you 
may suppose1      passed a very pleasant
 morning with him1 ,kirkup1 and         
,migliarini--all enthusiastic in seeing 
my drawings1 and persons      worth     
showing such things to4 ,two hours1     

spent in this way1 go      far towards  
recompensing one for any labor and      
sacrifice4 ,i got      your address from
 ,powers1 intending to write to you as  
soon as      ,i reached ,england4 ,it   
gave me the sincerest pleasure to hear  
every one uniting in your praise2 ,i    
regretted the more that you      were   
absent1 and that ,i was unable to see   
your works4 ,i was      delighted to    
find that such brilliant prospects were 
opening to      ,powers1 and ,i learnt  
from him1 what you hint at in your      
letter1      that you also were         
prospering1 and that substantial        
advantages      were pretty sure4 ,i    
have only now to get a little money in  
my      pocket1 and then inshallah 7as  
the ,turks say71 ,i'll have my          
picture out of you4 ,to return to       
business for a moment 7pardon      me   
for doing so71 ,i think the drawings    
will be published in      first rate    
style and at a very moderate price3     
about ,l#aj--not a      shilling a      

drawing4 ,pray mention this to any of   
your bookseller      friends1 and       
perhaps they may be induced to take a   
few copies4      ,it will be a work     
which no library ought to be without2 it
      will1 ,i hope1 quite surpass the  
,french publication both in             
execution and subject1 and will be sold 
at one-tenth of the      price--theirs  
coming to nearly ,l#ajj4 ,i inclose a   
letter of      thanks for the ,secretary
 of the ,ethnological ,society1 which   
pray send1 and also add on my part1 many
 thanks for this honor1      which ,i   
can assure you ,i particularly          
appreciate4 ,my names are      ,austen  
,henry ,layard1 and my designation      
simply attached to ,her      ,britannic 
,majesty's ,embassy1 at the ,sublime    
,porte4 ,lady      ,canning and her     
family are still in ,england1 ,sir      
,stratford at      ,berne4 ,it is       
doubtful when they will return to       
,constantinople1      but ,i presume ere
 long4 ,i am ordered out in ,may1 and am

 named      commissioner for the        
settlement of the boundaries between    
,turkey and ,persia4 ,i wish ,i had you 
with me during my      commission1 for  
,i shall visit a most interesting       
country1      totally unknown1 and with 
magnificent subjects for such a         
pencil as yours4 ,i am sorry ,i did not 
know of your visit to      ,england4 ,i 
have many influential friends1 who would
 have been      glad to welcome you1 and
 who might have been useful4 ,i am now  
passing a month or two at ,cheltenham1  
for the benefit of my      health1 which
 has suffered a little4 ,i will write to
 you again      soon with something more
 interesting4 ,believe me1 my dear      
,kellogg1 yours ever sincerely1         
,a4 ,h4 ,,layard4  ,upon the publication
 of his great work on ,nineveh and its  
,remains1 thus modestly announced1 and  
his ,one ,hundred ,plates1 he went back 
to the ,east1 to renew his researches4  
,of the results of his recent labors we 
have already written1 in the            

,international for ,december4  ,dr4     
,layard is a person of the most amiable 
and pleasing character1 with all the    
social virtues which command affection  
and respect1 and such capacities in     
literature as make him one of the most  
attractive travel-writers in our        
language4 ,the world may yet look for   
several volumes from his hand1 upon the 
,east1 and we are sure they will deserve
 the large and permanent popularity to  
which his first work has attained in    
every country where it has been printed4
     ,,the ,,astor ,,library4           
,illustration   ,we present above an    
accurate view of the exterior of the    
,,astor ,,library1 in ,lafayette ,place1
 from a drawing made for the            
,international under the direction of   
the architect1 ,mr4 ,alexander          
,saeltzer4 ,it is destined to be one of 
the chief attractions of the city1 and  
information respecting it will be read  
with interest by the literary and       
learned throughout the country4  ,it is 

now three years since ,john ,jacob      
,astor died1 leaving by his will four   
hundred thousand dollars for the        
establishment of a ,public ,library in  
,new-,york1 and naming as the first     
trustees1 the ,mayor of the city of     
,new-,york and the ,chancellor of the   
state for the time being4 ,washington   
,irving1 ,william ,b4 ,astor1 ,daniel   
,lord1 ,jr41 ,james ,g4 ,king1 ,joseph  
,g4 ,cogswell1 ,fitz-,greene ,halleck1  
,henry ,brevoort1 ,jr41 ,samuel ,b4     
,ruggles1 ,samuel ,ward1 and ,charles   
,bristed4 ,on the twentieth of ,may the 
trustees held their first meeting1      
accepted the trust conferred on them1   
and appointed ,dr4 ,cogswell1 one of    
their number1 superintendent of the     
,library4 ,of the bequest1 #ge1jjj was  
authorized to be applied to the erection
 of a building1 #abj1jjj to the purchase
 of books and other objects in the      
establishment of the ,library1 and the  
residue1 after paying for the site1 was 
to be invested as a fund for its        

maintenance and increase4 ,in           
,september1 #ahdh1 the trustees selected
 the site for the edifice4 ,it is       
convenient for all public purposes1 and 
affords the comparative quietude and    
retirement which are desirable for an   
institution of constant resort for study
 and for the consultation of            
authorities4 ,in ,october1 ,dr4         
,cogswell was authorized to go to       
,europe and purchase at his discretion  
books to the value of twenty thousand   
dollars4 ,the object of the trustees in 
sending him abroad at that particular   
time was to avail themselves of the     
opportunity1 afforded by the distracted 
political condition of ,europe and the  
reduction of prices consequent upon it1 
to purchase books at very low rates2 and
 the purchases were made at prices      
greatly below the ordinary standard1 and
 the execution of his trust in all      
respects amply vindicated the high      
opinion entertained of ,dr4 ,cogswell's 
fitness for his position4  ,the plans   

for the edifice submitted by ,mr4       
,saeltzer having been adopted1 the work 
was commenced and has been vigorously   
prosecuted until the present time1 when 
the front and nearly all the exterior   
are completed4 ,the ,library is of brown
 stone1 and in the ,byzantine style1 or 
rather in that of the palaces of        
,florence1 and is one hundred and twenty
 feet long1 sixty-five feet wide1 and   
sixty-seven feet high4 ,scarcely a      
particle of wood enters into its        
composition4 ,no building in the ,united
 ,states1 of this character1 is formed  
to so large an extent of iron4 ,its     
uses1 too1 are altogether novel1 at     
least in this country1 and ingenious4   
,for instance1 the truss beams1         
supporting the principal weight of the  
roof1 are constructed of cast iron      
pipes1 in a parabolic form1 on the same 
plan as the iron bridges in ,france and 
other parts of ,europe1 with a view to  
secure lightness and strength4 ,the     
,library ,hall1 which occupies the      

second floor1 is one hundred feet high1 
and sixty wide1 in the clear4 ,the      
ascent from the front is by a single    
line of thirty-eight ,italian marble    
steps1 decorated on either side1 at the 
entrance1 by a stone sphinx4 ,upon      
nearing the summit of these steps1 the  
visitor finds himself near the centre of
 this immense alcove1 surrounded by     
fourteen brick piers1 plastered and     
finished in imitation of marble1 and    
supporting iron galleries1 midway       
between the floor and the ceiling4 ,the 
side walls form one continuous shelving1
 of a capacity sufficient for #ajj1jjj  
volumes4 ,this is reached by means of   
the main gallery1 in connection with    
which are four iron spiral stairways and
 an intervening gallery1 of a lighter   
and smaller description1 connected by   
its eight staircases with the main      
gallery4 ,the whole are very ingeniously
 arranged and appropriately ornamented1 
in a style corresponding with the       
general architecture of the building4   

,at an elevation of fifty-one feet above
 the floor of the main hall1 is the     
principal skylight1 fifty-four feet long
 and fourteen broad1 formed of thick    
glass set in iron4 ,besides this there  
are circular side skylights of much     
smaller dimensions4 ,all needful light  
is furnished1 by these and by the       
windows in the front and rear walls4    
,free ventilation is also secured by    
iron fretwork1 in suitable portions of  
the ceiling4 ,in the extreme rear are   
the two rooms for the librarian1 to     
which access is had by means of the main
 galleries4  ,the first floor contains  
lecture and reading-rooms1 with         
accommodations for five hundred persons4
 ,the latter are on each side of the    
building1 and separated from the        
library-hall stairway at the front      
entrance by two corridors leading to the
 rear vestibule1 and thence to the      
lecture-room1 still further in the rear4
 ,the basement contains the keeper's    
rooms1 cellars1 coal-vaults1            

air-furnaces1 c4 ,the floors are of     
richly-wrought mosaic work1 on iron     
beams4 ,the building will not be        
completed1 probably1 for nearly a year  
from this time1 and the books collected1
 about #bg1jjj1 are meanwhile accessible
 at #cb ,bond-street4  ,dr4 ,cogswell   
has had printed1 in an octavo volume of 
#ddf pages1 an alphabetical index to the
 books now collected1 and of the        
proposed accessions4 ,this catalogue is 
not published1 and there are but few    
copies of it4 ,the learned librarian1   
who sailed a few days ago on a new      
mission for the library1 to ,europe1    
printed it at his own cost1 convinced   
that without some such manual it would  
be extremely difficult1 if not          
impossible1 in making the necessary     
purchases1 to avoid buying duplicates1  
and equally difficult to select         
judiciously so many thousand volumes as 
are required4 ,he remarks that the      
,astor ,library is in his opinion the   
first of so considerable an extent that 

has ever been called at once into       
existence4 ,that of ,gottingen1 the     
nearest parallel1 was founded more than 
a century ago1 when the whole number of 
printed books was less than half the    
present number4 ,should the ,astor      
,library ever become a parallel to that 
in excellence and completeness1 it will 
be as great an honor to the new world as
 that to the old4     ,,the ,,temper    
,,of ,,women4   ,in the ,lexington      
,papers1 just published in ,london1 we  
have some good anecdotes of society two 
hundred and fifty years ago4 ,here is   
one3  ,a few days ago two ladies met in 
a narrow street at ten o'clock in the   
morning4 ,neither chose to permit her   
carriage to be drawn back1 and they     
remained without moving for six hours4  
,a little after twelve o'clock they sent
 for some refreshment for themselves and
 food for their horses4 ,each was firmly
 resolved to stay the night there rather
 than go back2 and they would have done 
so1 but a tavern-keeper in the street1  

who was prevented by their obstinacy    
from bringing to his door a cart laden  
with wine1 went in search of the        
commissary of the district1 who at      
length1 but with much trouble1 succeeded
 in effecting an arrangement upon these 
terms--that each should retire at the   
same moment1 and that neither should    
pass through the street4  ,and here     
another1 which would versify into a fine
 horrible ballad--as grand and ghastly  
as ,alfred ,tennyson's ,sisters3  ,the  
,parliament has lately confirmed the    
sentence of death passed on two         
daughters of a gentleman of ,anjou1     
named ,madaillon1 for the murder of the 
lover of their younger sister4 ,it      
appears that he was engaged to be       
married to the eldest sister1 but       
deserting her1 and passing over the     
second1 he transferred his addresses to 
the youngest4 ,the two eldest sisters1  
in revenge1 invited him to play at blind
 man's buff1 and while one bound his    
eyes1 the other cut his throat4  ,and   

this is similar3  ,in ,piedmont a       
gentleman addressed at the same time one
 lady who was rich and plain1 and one   
who was poor and very beautiful2 and    
they1 by chance becoming acquainted1    
exhibited to each other their           
correspondence with the vacillating     
lover1 and one of them invited him to a 
meeting1 in which after joining in      
reproaches1 they dexterously each       
deprived him of an ear4     ,,andrew    
,,marvel4   ,of this ,aristides of the  
poets1 and his homes and haunts4 ,mrs4  
,s4 ,c4 ,,hall gives us the following   
interesting sketches in her ,pilgrimages
 to ,english ,shrines4 ,the             
illustrations are from drawings by ,f4  
,w4 ,fairholt1 ,f4,s4,a4  ,but a few    
months ago we had been strolling about  
,palace-yard1 and instinctively paused  
at ,no4 #ai ,york-street1 ,westminster4 
,it was evening2 the lamplighters were  
running from post to post1 but we could 
still see that the house was a plain    
house to look at1 differing little from 

its associate dwellings2 a common house1
 a house you would pass without a       
thought1 unless the remembrance of      
thoughts that had been given to you from
 within the shelter of those plain1     
ordinary walls1 caused you to reflect2  
aye1 and to thank ,god1 who has left    
with you the memories and sympathies    
which elevate human nature4 ,here1 while
 ,latin secretary to the ,protector1 was
 ,,john ,,milton to be found when at    
home2 and in his society1 at times1 were
 met all the men who with their great   
originator1 ,cromwell1 astonished       
,europe4 ,just think of those who       
entered that portal2 think of them all  
if you can--statesmen and warriors2 or1 
if you are really of a gentle spirit1   
think of two--but two2 either of whom   
has left enough to engross your thoughts
 and fill your hearts4 ,think of ,,john 
,,milton and ,,andrew ,,marvel6 think of
 the ,protector of ,england1 with two   
such secretaries6  ,evening had deepened
 into night2 busy hands were closing    

shutters1 and drawing curtains1 to      
exclude the dense fog1 that crept slowly
 and silently1 like an assassin1 through
 the streets2 the pavement was clammy1  
and the carriages rushing through the   
mist1 like huge-eyed1 misshapen         
spectres1 proved how eager even the poor
 horses were to find shelter2 yet for a 
long while we stood on the steps of this
 building1 and at length retraced our   
steps homeward4 ,our train of thought1  
although checked1 was not changed1 when 
seated by a comfortable fire4 ,we took  
down a volume of ,milton2 but ,paradise 
,lost was too sublime for the mood of   
the moment1 and we got to thinking of   
,andrew ,marvel1 and displaced a volume 
of ,captain ,edward ,thompson's edition 
of his works2 and then it occurred to us
 to walk to ,highgate1 and once again   
enjoy the sight of his quaint old       
cottage on the side of the hill just    
facing ,cromwell ,house1 and next to    
that which once owned for its master the
 great ,earl of ,lauderdale4  ,we know  

nothing more invigorating than to breast
 the breeze up a hill1 with a bright    
clear sky above1 and the crisp ground   
under foot4 ,the wind of ,march is as   
pure champagne to a healthy             
constitution2 and let mountain-men laugh
 as they will at ,highgate-hill1 it is  
no ordinary labor to go and look down   
upon ,london from its height4  ,here    
then we are1 once more1 opposite the    
house where lived the satirist1 the     
poet1 the incorruptible patriot4  ,it   
is1 as you will see presently1 a        
peculiar-looking dwelling1 just such a  
one as you might well suppose the chosen
 of ,andrew ,marvel--exquisitely        
situated1 enjoying abundant natural     
advantages2 and yet altogether devoid of
 pretension2 sufficiently beautiful for 
a poet1 sufficiently humble for a       
patriot4  ,illustration3 ,,marvel',s    
,,house1 ,,front ,,view4  ,it is an     
unostentatious home1 with simple gables 
and plain windows1 and is but a story   
high4 ,in front are some old trees1 and 

a convenient porch to the door1 in which
 to sit and look forth upon the road1 a 
few paces in advance of it4 ,the front  
is of plaster1 but the windows are      
modernized1 and there are other         
alterations which the exigencies of     
tenancy have made necessary since       
,marvel's days4  ,the dwelling was      
evidently inhabited2--the curtains in   
the deep windows as white as they were  
when we visited it some years previous  
to the visit concerning which we now    
write1 and the garden as neat as when in
 those days we asked permission to see  
the house1 and were answered by an      
elderly servant1 who took in our        
message2 and an old gentleman came into 
the hall1 invited us in1 and presented  
us to his wife1 a lady of more than     
middle age1 and of that species of      
beauty depending upon expression1 which 
it is not in the power of time to       
wither1 because it is of the spirit     
rather than the flesh2 and we also      
remembered a green parrot1 in a fine    

cage1 that talked a great deal1 and was 
the only thing which seemed out of place
 in the house4 ,we had been treated with
 much courtesy2 and1 emboldened by the  
memory of that kindness1 we now ascended
 the stone steps1 unlatched the little  
gate1 and knocked4  ,illustration3      
,,marvel',s ,,house1 ,,back ,,view4     
,again we were received courteously and 
kindly by the lady we had formerly seen2
 and again she blandly offered to show  
us the house4 ,we went up a little      
winding stair1 and into several neat1   
clean bedrooms1 where every thing was so
 old-fashioned1 that you could fancy    
,andrew ,marvel himself was still its   
master4  ,look out here1 said the old   
lady2 here's a view6 ,they say this was 
,andrew ,marvel's writing closet when he
 wrote sense2 but when he wrote poetry1 
he used to sit below in his garden4 ,i  
have heard there is a private way under 
the road to ,cromwell ,house1 opposite2 
but surely that could not be necessary4 
,so good a man would not want to work in

 the dark2 for he was a true lover of   
his country1 and a brave man4 ,my       
husband used to say1 the patriots of    
those times were not like the patriots  
now2--that then1 they acted for their   
country1--now1 they talk about it6      
,alas6 the days are passed when you     
could tell an ,englishman from every    
other man1 even by his gait1 keeping the
 middle of the road1 and straight on1 as
 one who knew himself1 and made others  
know him4 ,i am sure a party of         
roundheads1 in their sober coats1 high  
hats1 and heavy boots1 would have walked
 up ,highgate ,hill to visit ,master    
,andrew ,marvel1 with a different air   
from the young men of our own time1--or 
of their own time1 ,i should say1--for  
my time is past1 and yours is passing4  
,that was quite true2 but there is no   
reason1 we thought1 why we should not   
look cheerfully towards the future1 and 
pray that it may be a bright world for  
others1 if not for ourselves2--the      
greater our enjoyment in the            

contemplation of the happiness of our   
fellow-creatures1 the nearer we approach
 ,god4  ,it was too damp for the old    
lady to venture into the garden2 and    
sweet and gentle as she was1 both in    
mind and manner1 we were glad to be     
alone4 ,how pretty and peaceful the     
house looks from this spot6 ,the        
snowdrops were quite up1 and the yellow 
and purple tips of the crocuses bursting
 through the ground in all directions4  
,this1 then1 was the garden the poet    
loved so well1 and to which he alludes  
so charmingly in his poem1 where the    
nymph complains of the death of her     
fawn--      ,i have a garden of my own1 
,but so with roses overgrown1     ,and  
lilies1 that you would it guess     ,to 
be a little wilderness4  ,the garden    
seems in nothing changed2 in fact1 the  
entire appearance of the place is what  
it was in those glorious days when      
inhabited by the truest genius and the  
most unflinching patriot that ever      
sprang from the sterling stuff that     

,englishmen were made of in those       
wonder-working times4 ,the genius of    
,andrew ,marvel was as varied as it was 
remarkable2--not only was he a tender   
and exquisite poet1 but entitled to     
stand facile princeps as an             
incorruptible patriot1 the best of      
controversialists1 and the leading prose
 wit of ,england4 ,we have always       
considered his as the first of the      
sprightly runnings of that brilliant    
stream of wit1 which will carry with it 
to the latent posterity the names of    
,swift1 ,steele1 and ,addison4 ,before  
,marvel's time1 to be witty was to be   
strained1 forced1 and conceited2 from   
him--whose memory consecrates that      
cottage--wit came sparkling forth1      
untouched by baser matter4 ,it was      
worthy of him2 its main feature was an  
open clearness4 ,detraction or jealousy 
cast no stain upon it2 he turned aside1 
in the midst of an exalted panegyric to 
,oliver ,cromwell1 to say the finest    
things that ever were said of ,charles  

,i4  ,the ,patriot was the son of ,mr4  
,andrew ,marvel1 minister and           
schoolmaster of ,kingston-upon-,hull1   
where he was born in #afbj2 his father  
was also the lecturer of ,trinity       
,church in that town1 and was celebrated
 as a learned and pious man4 ,the son's 
abilities at an early age were          
remarkable1 and his progress so great1  
that at the age of thirteen1 he was     
entered as a student of ,trinity        
,college1 ,cambridge2 and it is said    
that the corporation of his natal town  
furnished him with the means of entering
 the college and prosecuting his studies
 there4 ,his shrewd and inquiring mind  
attracted the attention of some of the  
,jesuit emissaries who were at this time
 lurking about the universities1 and    
sparing no pains to make proselytes4    
,marvel entered into disputations with  
them1 and ultimately fell so far into   
their power1 that he consented to       
abandon the ,university and follow one  
of them to ,london4 ,like many other    

clever youths1 he was inattentive to the
 mere drudgery of university attendance1
 and had been reprimanded in            
consequence2 this1 and the news of his  
escape from college1 reached his        
father's ears at ,hull4 ,that good and  
anxious parent followed him to ,london2 
and1 after a considerable search1 at    
last met with him in a bookseller's     
shop2 he argued with his son as a       
prudent and sensible man should do1 and 
prevailed on him to retrace his steps   
and return with him to college1 where he
 applied to his studies with such       
good-will and continued assiduity1 that 
he obtained the degree of ,bachelor of  
,arts in #afch4 ,his father lived to see
 the fruits of his wise advice1 but was 
only spared thus long2 for he was       
unfortunately drowned in crossing the   
,humber1 as he was attending the        
daughter of an intimate female friend1  
who1 by this event becoming childless1  
sent for young ,marvel1 and by way of   
making all the return in her power1     

added considerably to his fortune4      
,this accession of wealth gave him an   
opportunity of travelling1 and he       
journeyed through ,holland1 ,france1 and
 ,italy4 ,while at ,rome he wrote the   
first of those satirical poems which    
obtained him so much celebrity4 ,it was 
a satire on an ,english priest there1 a 
wretched poetaster named ,flecknoe4     
,from an early period of life ,marvel   
appears to have despised conceit1 or    
impertinence1 and he found another      
chance to exhibit his powers of satire  
in the person of an ecclesiastic of     
,paris1 one ,joseph de ,maniban1 an     
abbot who pretended to understand the   
characters of those he had never seen1  
and to prognosticate their good or bad  
fortune1 from an inspection of their    
handwriting4 ,marvel addressed a poem to
 him1 which1 if it did not effectually  
silence his pretensions1 at all events  
exposed them fully to the thinking      
portions of the community4              
,illustration3 ,,cromwell ,,house4      

,beneath ,italian skies his immortal    
friendship with ,milton seems to have   
commenced2 it was of rapid growth1 but  
was soon firmly established4 ,they were1
 in many ways1 kindred spirits1 and     
their hopes for the after destinies of  
,england were alike4 ,in #afec ,marvel  
returned to ,england1 and during the    
eventful years that followed1 we can    
find no record of his strong and earnest
 thoughts1 as they worked upwards into  
the arena of public life4 ,one glorious 
fact we know1 and all who honor virtue  
must feel its force1--that in an age    
when wealth was never wanting to the    
unscrupulous1 ,marvel1 a member of the  
popular and successful party1 continued 
,poor4 ,many of those years he is       
certain to have passed--      ,under the
 destiny severe     ,of ,fairfax1 and   
the starry ,vere--  in the humble       
capacity of tutor of languages to their 
daughters4 ,it was most likely1 during  
this period1 that he inhabited the      
cottage at ,highgate1 opposite to the   

house in which lived part of the family 
of ,cromwell1 a house upon which we     
shall remark presently4 ,in #afeg he was
 introduced by ,milton to ,bradshaw4    
,the precise words of the introduction  
ran thus3 ',i present to you ,mr4       
,marvel1 laying aside those jealousies  
and that emulation which mine own       
condition might suggest to me1 by       
bringing in such a coadjutor4' ,his     
connection with the ,state took place in
 #afeg1 when he became assistant        
secretary with ,milton in the service of
 the ,protector4 ',i never had1' says   
,marvel1 'any1 not the remotest relation
 to public matters1 nor correspondence  
with the persons then predominant1 until
 the year #afeg4'  ,after he had been   
some time fellow-secretary with ,milton1
 even the thick-sighted burgesses of    
,hull perceived the merits of their     
townsman1 and sent him as their         
representative into the ,house of       
,commons4 ,we can imagine the delight he
 felt at escaping from the crowded and  

stormy ,commons to breathe the          
invigorating air of his favorite hill1  
to enjoy the society of his former      
pupils1 now his friends2 and to gather1 
in      '----a garden of his own1'  the 
flowers that had solaced his leisure    
hours when he was comparatively unknown4
 ,but ,cromwell died1 ,charles returned1
 and ,marvel's energies sprung into arms
 at acts which1 in accordance with his  
principles1 he considered base1 and     
derogatory to his country4 ,his whole   
efforts were directed to the            
preservation of civil and religious     
liberty4  ,it was but a short time      
previous to the ,restoration that       
,marvel had been chosen by his native   
town to sit as its representative in    
,parliament4 ,the ,session began at     
,westminster in ,april1 #affj1 and he   
acquitted himself so honorably1 that he 
was again chosen for the one which began
 in ,may1 #affa4 ,whether under         
,cromwell or ,charles1 he acted with    
such thorough honesty of purpose1 and   

gave such satisfaction to his           
constituents1 that they allowed him a   
handsome pension all the time he        
continued to represent them1 which was  
till the day of his death4 ,this was    
probably the last borough in ,england   
that paid a representative4,a ,he seldom
 spoke in ,parliament1 but had much     
influence with the members of both      
,houses2 the spirited ,earl of          
,devonshire called him friend1 and      
,prince ,rupert particularly paid the   
greatest regard to his councils2 and    
whenever he voted according to the      
sentiments of ,marvel1 which he often   
did1 it used to be said1 by the opposite
 party1 that 'he had been with his      
tutor4' ,such certainly was the intimacy
 between the ,prince and ,marvel1 that  
when he was obliged to abscond1 to avoid
 falling a sacrifice to the indignation 
of those enemies among the governing    
party whom his satirical pen had        
irritated1 the ,prince frequently went  
to see him1 disguised as a private      

person4  ,the noted ,doctor ,samuel     
,parker published ,bishop ,bramhall's   
work1 setting forth the rights of kings 
over the consciences of their subjects1 
and then came forth ,marvel's witty and 
sarcastic poem1 ',the ,rehearsal        
,transposed4',b ,and yet how brightly   
did the generosity of his noble nature  
shine forth at this very time1 when he  
forsook his own wit in that very poem1  
to praise the wit of ,butler1 his rival 
and political enemy4 ,fortune seems     
about this period to have dealt hardly  
with him4 ,even while his political     
satires rang through the very halls of  
the pampered and impure ,charles1 when  
they were roared forth in every tavern1 
shouted in the public streets1 and      
attracted the most envied attention     
throughout ,england1 their author was   
obliged to exchange the free air1 apt   
type of the freedom which he loved1 for 
a lodging in a court off the ,strand1   
where1 enduring unutterable temptations1
 flattered and threatened1 he more than 

realized the stories of ,roman virtue4  
,the poet ,mason has made ,marvel the   
hero of his ',ode to ,independence1' and
 thus alludes to his incorruptible      
integrity3--      ',in awful ,poverty   
his honest ,muse       ,walks forth     
,vindictive through a venal land2       
,in vain ,corruption sheds her golden   
dews1       ,in vain ,oppression lifts  
her iron hand2     ,he scorns them both1
 and arm'd with ,truth alone1     ,bids 
,lust and ,folly tremble on the throne4'
  ,marvel1 by opposing the ministry and 
its measures1 created himself many      
enemies1,c and made himself very        
obnoxious to the government1 yet        
,charles ,,ii4 took great delight in his
 conversation1 and tried all means to   
win him over to his side1 but in vain2  
nothing being ever able to shake his    
resolution4 ,there were many instances  
of his firmness in resisting the offers 
of the ,court1 in which he showed       
himself proof against all temptations4  
,we close our eyes upon this peaceful   

dwelling of the heroic senator1 and     
imagine ourselves in the reign of the   
second ,charles1 threading our way into 
that 'court off the ,strand1' where     
,marvel ended his days4 ,we enter the   
house1 and climbing the stairs even to  
the second floor1 perceive the object of
 our warmest admiration4 ,he is not     
alone1 though there is no possibility of
 confounding the poet with the courtier4
 ,andrew ,marvel is plainly dressed1 his
 figure is strong1 and about the middle 
size1 his countenance open1 and his     
complexion of a ruddy cast2 his eyes are
 of a soft hazel color1 mild and steady2
 his eyebrows straight1 and so flexible 
as to mould without an effort into a    
satirical curve1 if such be the mind's  
desire2 his mouth is close1 and         
indicative of firmness2 and his brown   
hair falls gracefully back from a full  
and noble forehead4 ,he sits in an      
upright and determined manner upon an   
uneasy-looking high-backed chair4 ,a    
somewhat long table intervenes between  

him and his visitor2 one end of it is   
covered with a white cloth1 and a dish  
of cold meat is flanked by a loaf of    
bread and a dark earthenware jug4 ,on   
the opposite end is placed a bag of     
gold1 beside which lies the             
richly-embroidered glove which the      
cavalier with whom he is conversing has 
flung off4 ,there is strange contrast in
 the attitude of the two men4 ,lord     
,danby lounges with the ease of a       
courtier and the grace of a gentleman   
upon a chair of as stiff and            
uncomfortable an appearance as that     
which is occupied after so upright a    
fashion by ,andrew ,marvel4  ,i have    
answered you1 my lord1 said the patriot1
 already4 ,methinks there need be no    
further parley on the subject2 it is not
 my first temptation1 though ,i most    
fervently desire it may be the last4    
,illustration3 ,,staircase4  ,the       
nobleman took up his glove and drew it  
on4 ,i again pray you to consider1 he   
said1 whether1 if with us1 the very     

usefulness you so much prize would not  
have a more extensive sphere4 ,you would
 have larger means of being useful4  ,my
 lord1 ,i should certainly have the     
means of tempting usefulness to forsake 
duty4  ,the cavalier rose1 but the      
displeasure that flushed his countenance
 soon faded before the serene and holy  
expression of ,milton's friend4  ,and   
are you so determined8 said his         
lordship1 sorrowfully4 ,are you really  
so determined8 ,a thousand ,english     
pounds are there1 and thrice the        
sum--nay1 any thing you ask----  ,my    
lord6 my lord6 interrupted ,marvel1     
indignantly1 this perseverance borders  
upon insult4 ,nay1 my good lord1 you do 
not so intend it1 but your master does  
not understand me4 ,pray you1 note this3
 two days ago that meat was hot2 it has 
remained cold since1 and there is enough
 still for to-morrow2 and ,i am well    
content4 ,a man so easily satisfied is  
not likely to exchange an approving     
conscience for dross like that6  ,we    

pray ,god that the sin of ,marvel's     
death did not rest with the great ones  
of those times2 but it was strange and  
sudden4,d ,he did not leave wherewith to
 bury the sheath of such a noble spirit1
 but his constituents furnished forth a 
decent funeral1 and would have erected a
 monument to his memory in the church of
 ,st4 ,giles-in-the-,fields1 where he   
was interred2 but the rector1 blinded by
 the dust of royalty to the merits of   
the man1 refused the necessary          
permission4 ,marvel's name is           
remembered1 though the rector's has been
 long forgotten4,e  ,wood tells us1 that
 ,marvel was in his conversation very   
modest1 and of few words2 and ,cooke1   
the writer of his life1 observes that he
 was very reserved among those whom he  
did not know1 but a most delightful and 
improving companion among his friends4  
,john ,aubrey1 who knew him personally1 
thus describes him3 ',he was of a       
middling stature1 pretty strong set1    
roundish cherry-checked1 hazle-eyed1    

brown-haired4' ,he was 7as ,wood also   
says7 in conversation very modest1 and  
of a very few words4 ,he was wont to    
say1 that he would not drink high or    
freely with any one with whom he would  
not trust his life4  ,marvel lived among
 friends at ,highgate2 exactly opposite 
to his door was the residence of        
,general ,ireton and his wife ,bridget1 
the eldest daughter of ,oliver          
,cromwell2 and which house still bears  
his name1 and is described in           
',prickett's ,history of ,highgate1' one
 of those local topographical works     
which deserve encouragement3--',cromwell
 ,house is supposed to have been built  
by the ,protector1 whose name it bears1 
about the year #afcj1 as a residence for
 ,general ,ireton1 who married his      
daughter and was one of the commanders  
of his army2 it is1 however1 said to    
have been the residence of ,oliver      
,cromwell himself1 but no mention is    
made1 either in history or in his       
biography1 of his having ever lived at  

,highgate4 ,tradition states1 there was 
a subterraneous passage from this house 
to the mansion house which stood where  
the ,new ,church now stands1 but of its 
reality no proof has hitherto been      
adduced4 ,cromwell ,house was evidently 
built and internally ornamented in      
accordance with the taste of its        
military occupant4 ,the staircase1 which
 is of handsome proportions1 is richly  
decorated with oaken carved figures1    
supposed to have been of persons in the 
general's army1 in their costume2 and   
the balustrades filled in with devices  
emblematical of warfare4 ,on the        
ceilings of the drawing-room are the    
arms of ,general ,ireton2 this and the  
ceilings of the other principal         
apartments are enriched in conformity   
with the fashion of those days4 ,the    
proportion of the noble rooms1 as well  
as the brick-work in front1 well        
deserves the notice and study of the    
antiquarian and the architect4 ,from the
 platform on the top of the mansion may 

be seen a perfect panorama of the       
surrounding country4'  ,the staircase   
above described is here engraved4 ,it is
 a remarkably striking and elegant      
specimen of internal decoration1 of     
broad and noble proportion1 and of a    
solid and grand construction suitable to
 the time of its erection2 the wood-work
 of the house is every where equally    
bold and massive2 the door-cases of     
simple but good design4 ,there are some 
ceilings in the first story which are in
 rich plaster work1 ornamented with the 
arms of ,ireton2 and mouldings of fruit 
and flowers1 of a sumptuous and bold    
enrichment4  ,the series of figures     
which stand upon the newels of the      
staircase are all engraved below4 ,there
 are ten remaining out of twelve1 the   
original number2 the missing two are    
said to have been figures of ,cromwell  
and ,ireton1 destroyed at the           
,restoration4 ,they stand about a foot  
in height1 and represent the different  
soldiers of the army1 from the fifer and

 drummer to the captain1 and originally1
 to the commanders4 ,they are curious   
for more reasons than one2 their        
locality1 their truthfulness1 their     
history1 and the picture they help us to
 realise of the army of ,cromwell are   
all so many claims on our attention4    
,,footnotes3  ,a ,the custom of paying  
members of the ,house of ,commons for   
the loss of time and travelling         
expenses1 was common in the seventeenth 
century2 constituencies believed such   
equivalents necessary for the attention 
to their interests and wishes which a   
,parliamentary agent was expected to    
give4 ,in the old ,corporation books of 
provincial towns are many entries for   
payments to members of ,parliament1 and 
in some instances we find them          
petitioning to ,government for          
disfranchisement1 because they could not
 afford to pay the expenses of a        
,member4  ,b ,marvel's first expose of  
,parker's false logic was in #afgb1 in  
the poem named above1 which was         

immediately answered by ,parker1 and    
re-answered by ,marvel1 who appears to  
have had some private threat sent him1  
as he says his pamphlet is occasioned by
 two letters2 one the published         
',reproof' of him by ,parker in answer  
to his first attack2 'the second1 left  
for me at a friend's house1 dated       
,november #c;d1 #afgc1 subscribed ,j4   
,g41 and concluding with these          
words3--,if thou darest to print any lie
 or libel against ,dr4 ,parker1 by the  
,eternal--,i will cut thy throat4' ,this
 last reply of ,marvel's1 however1      
effectually silenced ,parker3 ',it not  
only humbled ,parker1 but the whole     
party1' says ,burnet1 for1 'from the    
king down to the tradesman1 the book was
 read with pleasure4'  ,c ',no stronger 
satire could be penned than that        
descriptive of the ,court of ,charles1  
in the poem called ',britannia and      
,raleigh3'--      ',a colony of ,french 
possess the ,court1   ,pimps1 priests1  
buffoons1 in privy chambers sport2      

,such slimy monsters ne'er approach'd a 
throne   ,since ,pharaoh's days1 nor so 
defil'd a crown2   ,in sacred ears      
tyrannic arts they croak1   ,pervert his
 mind1 and good intentions choak4'  ,but
 not only do the courtiers feel the     
lash1 for when ,raleigh implores        
,britannia to urge his duty on the king1
 and save him from the bad who surround 
him1 she interrupts him with--          
',raleigh1 no more6 for long in vain    
,i've try'd   ,the ,stuart from the     
tyrant to divide4'   ,d ',marvel died in
 #afgh1 in his fifty-eighth year1 not   
without the strongest suspicions of     
having been poisoned2 for he was always 
very temperate1 and of an healthful and 
strong constitution to the last4'  ,e   
,on the death of this rector1 however1  
the monument and inscription was placed 
on the north wall of the church1 near   
the spot where he is supposed to lie4   
,a ,,novelist',s ,,appeal ,,for ,,the   
,,canadas4   ,among the new ,english    
novels is one entitled ,ellen ,clayton1 

or the ,nomades of the ,west1 by        
,douglass ,huyghue4 ,the author seems to
 feel for the red men the same regard   
which the adventurous artist and        
traveller ,catlin has expressed in      
,england1 and his work comes in aid of  
those appeals which ,catlin has so often
 made on their behalf4 ,such a motive   
entitles the author to respect1 and     
gives an additional value to the book2  
while the talent with which it is       
written1 renders it a narrative of      
unusual interest4 ,in nothing but its   
theme is it like to any of ,cooper's    
novels4 ,its incidents and its          
characters are not similar1 and they    
lack truthfulness quite as much as they 
lack similarity4 ,we know something of  
,indian life2 in our youth we saw much  
of it2 and we regard ,cooper as its     
faithfulest delineator in literary art4 
,the time at which this romance opens is
 in the year #afjj1 when the wars       
between ,france and ,england led to     
hostilities in ,canada1 and when an     

abortive attack was made upon ,quebec by
 the ,british and colonial army4 ,the   
hero and heroine are victims to the     
disasters of that war1 and in describing
 their adventures1 ,canada1 and the     
condition of its civilized as well as of
 its wild inhabitants1 are vividly      
presented4 ,the incidents justify the   
author in making this appeal to his     
,english readers when he reminds them of
 the associations that should ever be   
connected with the fortress of          
,quebec3--       ,men of ,england1 look 
not coldly upon the interests of that   
land for the possession of which your   
fathers fought and bled4      ,quench   
not irretrievably the flame of loyalty  
which burns in      many an earnest     
heart1 loath to contract these new ties 
which      the progress of an           
irresistible destiny would seem to      
favor1 at      the sacrifice of         
affection for the fatherland4 ,the blood
 of the      greatest and wisest nation 
since the days of the ,romans1 flows    

in the veins of the ,anglo-,americans1  
unadulterated by the air      of another
 hemisphere1 and stimulated into        
vigorous action by a      necessity for 
continual exertion1 combined with an    
entire      liberty of thought which    
calls into play every resource of the   
physical and intellectual man4 ,the     
sturdy and intelligent race      that   
treads the virgin soil of ,canada1 can  
surely claim      equality1 at the very 
least1 with the denizens of older       
,europe2      cramped as they are for   
want of room1 and enervated by an       
ultra-civilization that wrongs nature1  
and has almost taken the      sceptre   
from her hand to put it into that of    
art4 ,the ,british      colonist enjoys 
a peculiar exemption from those         
prejudices1      which1 for so many     
ages1 have retarded progress1 and are   
successively being overcome by the      
convictions of a more      enlightened  
era4 ,there is a voice in the woods and 
mountains of      a great solitude that 

elevates the soul and fortifies it with 
courage in the time of need4 ,the great 
torrents and inland seas      of that   
noble country have schooled the         
generation1 nurtured by      their side1
 into a strong conception of freedom1   
and the right      to be justly dealt   
with1 at the hands of those with whom it
 is      connected by the double        
alliance of kindred predilection4 ,a    
pernicious1 temporizing policy has of   
late caused such wounds      as may not 
be healed up very easily1 we fear4 ,the 
upright      colonist has seen an       
unprincipled faction permitted to ride  
triumphant over those whose intentions  
are honest1 and whose      loyalty is   
proven4 ,let us hope1 that ere long     
something of the      chivalrous        
generosity of other days will pervade   
the councils      of the state1 and     
rouse the stalwart spirit of the ,briton
 to      scourge this ignominy from the 
land2 if encouragement be due at        
all1 it surely is to those true-hearted 

provincials who are      avowedly proud 
of the great people from whence they    
derive      their character1 their      
language1 and their laws--and who are as
      able1 as they are willing1 to     
preserve unto their beloved             
,sovereign the colony their sires won4  
,this is tolerably good rhetoric1 but it
 is not likely to have much effect when 
the strong argument and imposing        
eloquence of statesmen have failed to   
arrest attention4 ,we see notices of    
another political novel referring to    
,canada1 which deals more directly1 if  
with less talent1 with the disabilities 
and wishes of the people4 ,it is        
entitled1 ,the ,footsteps of ,montcalm1 
and its hero1 descended from a follower 
of the brave ,frenchman1 contrasts with 
his ideal of freedom and happiness1 the 
laws1 institutions1 habits1 and         
miseries1 which he regards as           
inseparable from the colonial relation4 
,as in the rebellion of #ahch1 whatever 
disaffection now prevails in ,british   

,america1 is probably shared much less  
largely by the ,english than by the     
,french population4 ,political1         
religious1 or sectarian novels1 however1
 executed never so cleverly1 are but    
sugared pills at which the appetite     
revolts as soon as the quality is       
discovered4     ,,dr4 ,,webster1        
,,president ,,of ,,the ,,new-,,york     
,,free ,,academy4  ,illustration        
,throughout the world an extraordinary  
degree of attention has recently been   
directed to systems and means of        
,education1 and the truth has at length 
been generally recognized that the      
stability and glory of nations must     
depend upon the intelligence and virtue 
of their inhabitants4 ,in our own       
country1 which is most of all interested
 in the diffusion of knowledge1         
unexampled efforts are being made not   
only for the general improvement of the 
culture offered in the seminaries1 but  
for that elevation of the laboring      
classes which1 whatever may be said by  

ambitious feeble-minds1 seeking for     
reputation as reformers of the social   
system1 is really to be found only in a 
wise development of individual          
capacities for the strife that has been 
and must be waged for individual        
well-being4  ,there have been many      
improvements suggested or realized      
lately in collegiate education4 ,we have
 been gratified with ,professor         
,sedgwick's admirable treatise on the   
subject1 which1 at this time1 is        
receiving in ,england that consideration
 to which any thing from the mind of one
 so distinguished is entitled4 ,in this 
country we think no one1 upon the whole1
 has written more wisely than ,dr4      
,wayland1 whose views are to be         
illustrated in the future government of 
the university over which he has so long
 presided4 ,but we shall not be         
satisfied until we have a great         
institution1 as much above the existing 
colleges as they are above the common   
schools in the wards of the city1 to    

which bachelors of arts only shall be   
admitted1 and to which they1 whether    
coming from ,harvard1 ,oberlin1 or      
,virginia1 shall be admitted without    
charge4  ,the establishment of the      
,,new-,,york ,,free ,,academy is        
suggestive of many things1 and of this  
among them4 ,we suppose a discussion    
whether our colleges supply the degree  
of education suitable to our general    
condition1 could be entertained only by 
dunces2 the point whether they furnish  
the kind and quality of culture to fit  
men for efficient and just action1 in   
such public affairs and private         
occupations as the humblest may be      
called to in a free state1 has been     
amply discussed1 and it is decided      
against the colleges4  ,our schools1    
called colleges1 have for the most part 
been fashioned after the universities of
 ,europe1 but they have in all cases    
been inadequately endowed1 and without  
the internal police which is necessary  
to their vigorous administration4       

,nine-tenths of the professors are      
incompetent1 and quite one half of them1
 in any thing worthy the name of        
university could claim admission only to
 the class of freshmen2 while those who 
are capable of a reputable performance  
of their duties--so uncertain are the   
revenues of the institutions to which   
they are attached--are very frequently  
compelled to modify regulations and     
relax discipline to such a degree that  
the colleges become only schools of vice
 or nurseries of indolence4  ,the       
deficiency is of authority4 ,it is      
useless to talk about courses of study1 
or any thing else1 until the discipline 
of the schools is as absolute as that of
 the camp1 the factory1 or the          
counting-room4 ,we are inclined to      
believe that the usefulness of the      
,military ,academy at ,west             
,point1--which has furnished so large a 
proportion of the best civil engineers1 
lawyers1 physicians1 and divines1 as    
well as the soldiers who and who alone  

have conducted our armies to real       
glory1--we are inclined to believe that 
this justly celebrated school owes all  
its triumphs to its rigid laws and      
independence of popular clamor4         
,discipline is every thing4 ,without it 
a man is but a fair model in wood1 which
 by it is turned to an engine of iron1  
and by opportunity furnished with water 
and fire to impel it on a resistless    
course through the world4 ,and a man    
must be governed by others before he    
will govern himself4 ,the silliness     
about liberty which is sometimes        
obtruded into discussions of this       
subject1 is fit for very young children 
and very old women4 ,there is no        
desirable liberty but in obedience4 ,the
 cant about it sometimes illustrates    
only a pitiable feebleness of intellect1
 but it more frequently discloses some  
kind or degree of wilful licentiousness4
 ,the voluntary system does very well in
 the churches4 ,it will not do at all in
 the colleges4 ,st4 ,paul is always     

found even with the wisdom of the age in
 which he is quoted1 and he tells us    
that a youth differeth nothing from a   
servant1 though he be lord of all1 but  
is under tutors and governors4 ,this is 
the true philosophy4 ,the sovereign     
people who disregard law1 and exult when
 it is outraged at the cost of an       
unpopular party1 have not learned what  
is necessary to freedom2 they are not   
fit for it2 they will destroy its       
fairest fabrics1 if the state does not  
prepare its children by a thorough      
discipline for their inheritance4 ,the  
way is by free schools and free         
colleges1 supported by public taxes4    
,sects and parties may have as many     
seminaries as they choose1 and with     
rules of study and conduct so easily to 
be complied with1 and administrations so
 lax1 that the most contemptible idler  
or the most independent and self-willed 
simpleton shall see in them nothing to  
conflict with his habit or temper2 but  
the graduates of these seminaries will  

not ascend the pinnacles of fame nor    
direct the affairs of nations3 such     
affairs will be left for those who have 
learned1 with their arithmetic1 the     
self-denial1 reverence and obedience1   
which are the conditions of the         
application of addition and division in 
the high mathematics4  ,in a free       
college 7and the ,new-,york ,free       
,academy is1 in all respects1 more      
justly to be considered a college than  
are most of the schools which confer    
academical honors71 in a free college1  
of which the professors are responsible 
only to a judicious board of directors1 
examinations for admissions and for     
advancements will be rigid and          
impartial1 the administration will be   
vigilant and firm1 the reckless who will
 not and the imbecile who cannot acquire
 a good education1 will be dismissed for
 more congenial pursuits1 the rich and  
the poor will be upon an equality1 and  
only desert will be honorably           
distinguished4  ,the ,new-,york ,free   

,academy is eminently fortunate in its  
officers4 ,,horace ,,webster1 ,,ll4 ,d41
 is1 in all respects1 admirably fitted  
for his position as its ,president4 ,he 
perfectly understands the               
indispensableness of thorough           
organization1 and absolute and watchful 
discipline4 ,dr4 ,webster is a native of
 ,vermont1 and is of that family which1 
in various departments1 has furnished   
the country some of its most illustrious
 names4 ,at an early age1 he became a   
student of the ,military ,academy1 and  
so has himself experience of the        
advantages of that system which he      
advocates1 and illustrates in his own   
administration4 ,he graduated with      
distinction1 and it is properly         
mentioned as an indication of his       
standing at ,west ,point that1 while he 
was a cadet of the first class1 he was  
selected by the government of the       
,academy to be temporarily himself an   
instructor4 ,in #ahah he joined the     
army1 as a lieutenant1 and after passing

 one year with his regiment1 of which   
the late ,general ,taylor was at that   
time the ,major1 he was elected         
,assistant ,professor of ,mathematics in
 the ,military ,academy1 and returned to
 fulfil for six years1 with constantly  
increasing reputation1 both for         
scientific abilities and for personal   
character1 the duties of that office1   
which it scarcely need be said are more 
difficult at ,west ,point than in any   
other school in ,america4 ,among the    
distinguished gentlemen who were        
associated with him in teaching or as   
students during this period1 were       
,general ,worth1 ,colonel ,bliss1       
,colonel ,thayer1 ,colonel ,mansfield1  
and ,professors ,alexander ,d4 ,bache1  
,,ll4 ,d41 ,charles ,davies1 ,,ll4 ,d41 
,e4 ,c4 ,ross1 ,,ll4 ,d41 and ,john     
,torrey1 ,,ll4 ,d4 ,resigning his       
commission1 he was in #ahbe made        
,professor of ,mathematics and ,natural 
,philosophy in ,geneva ,college1 and he 
filled this place twenty-three years1   

leaving it in #ahdh1 to accept the      
,presidency of the ,new ,york ,free     
,academy4 ,we conceive that nothing     
could have invested this school with a  
higher claim to respect1 or challenged  
for it a larger degree of confidence1   
than the selection of a man of such     
experience1 capacities1 and reputation1 
to be its chief officer2 and for the    
class of persons likely to come under   
his instruction1 no course of study     
could be more judicious1 no training    
more admirably adapted1 than may be     
expected from one who has been so long  
and so successfully engaged in preparing
 men for the most difficult and         
important offices4 ,his attainments     
needed no illustration1 and his         
administrative abilities have been amply
 vindicated by his government of the    
,free ,academy4  ,candidates for        
admission to the ,free ,academy must    
have passed at least one year in the    
public schools1 and they are examined in
 the common ,english studies4 ,the      

standards for admission are not so high 
as the colleges demand1 because the     
period of instruction is longer4 ,we    
cannot enter into any particular        
statement of the courses of study1 but  
it will be interesting if we indicate   
their character very briefly1 and       
describe the chief teachers4 ,edward ,c4
 ,ross1 ,,ll4 ,d41 the ,professor of    
,mathematics1 is1 like ,dr4 ,webster1 a 
graduate of the ,military ,academy1 and 
was many years a successful teacher in  
that institution and in ,kenyon         
,college4 ,he is assisted by ,g4 ,b4    
,docherty1 ,a4 ,m41 who was formerly the
 ,principal of the ,flushing ,institute4
 ,the course embraces all the studies   
necessary for the best accomplishment in
 engineering1 and indeed is as thorough 
and complete as that pursued at ,west   
,point1 with the modifications          
appropriate to the prospective pursuits 
of the pupils4 ,theodore ,irving1 ,a4   
,m41 is ,professor of ,history and      
,belles-,lettres1 assisted by ,edward   

,c4 ,marshall1 ,a4 ,m41 and ,g4 ,w4     
,huntsman1 ,a4 ,m4 ,these gentlemen have
 experience1 and we believe their system
 of instruction is in some respects     
original and in every way very          
excellent4 ,mr4 ,irving is a kinsman of 
,geoffrey ,crayon1 and himself master of
 a pleasing and classical style4 ,oliver
 ,wolcott ,gibbs1 ,a4 ,m41 ,m4 ,d41     
,professor of ,chemistry1 ,natural      
,philosophy1 ,mineralogy1 and ,geology1 
is one of the best practical chemists in
 this country1 having completed his own 
education under the celebrated ,liebig1 
in ,germany1 and since in many ways     
evinced such capacities in this         
department1 as made his selection for   
the place he occupies almost a matter of
 course4 ,john ,j4 ,owen1 ,d4 ,d41 whose
 scholarship is exhibited in his ably   
edited series of the classical authors  
of these languages1 is ,professor of    
,greek and ,latin1 and we neither agree 
with nor have much respect for those who
 deprecate the attention demanded in the

 ,academy for such studies4 ,the        
,french1 ,spanish and ,german languages 
are taught by ,professors ,roemer1      
,morales1 and ,glaubensklee1 all of whom
 are known to the public for such       
talents as are necessary in their       
positions4 ,mr4 ,paul ,p4 ,duggan1 a    
painter whose works adorn many of our   
best collections in art1 is ,professor  
of ,drawing4  ,the ,free ,academy will  
fulfil the reasonable expectations of   
its founders4 ,it is admirably designed1
 and its appointments and administration
 have thus far been judicious4 ,we lack 
yet a ,university3 there is no school in
 ,america deserving this title2 all our 
colleges should be regarded as gymnasia1
 sifting the classes of the common      
schools and preparing their more        
advanced and ingenious pupils for such  
an institution2 and the ,free ,academy  
may be accepted as a model by which they
 can be reshaped for their less         
ambitious but more appropriate duties4  
,this is a subject ably and properly    

treated in ,professor ,tappan's recent  
volume on ,education1 7published by ,mr4
 ,putnam17 to which we beg attention4   
,the whole number of students now       
attending the ,free ,academy is three   
hundred and twenty-nine1 of whom one    
hundred and five were admitted at the   
last examination1 in ,february4 ,the    
number for whom the building is designed
 is about six hundred4     ,authors and 
,books4   ,a book which we cannot too   
highly recommend is the ,briefe ueber   
,humboldt's ,kosmos 7,letters on        
,humboldt's ,cosmos71 published at      
,leipzic1 in two octavo volumes1 from   
the pens of ,professor ,,cotta and      
,professor ,,schaller4 ,it is intended  
to serve as a commentary upon that work1
 which it is well worthy to accompany4  
,without attempting an exhaustive       
treatise on the details of the various  
topics touched on by ,humboldt1 the     
writers have expanded some of the       
leading points of his work into         
scientific essays1 whose practical      

utility is none the smaller for an      
elegant and attractive style1 and a     
genial enthusiasm1 of which ,humboldt   
need not be ashamed4 ,the first volume1 
by ,professor ,cotta1 contains forty    
letters on the following themes3 ,the   
enjoyment of nature2 matter and forces1 
growth and existence2 natural           
philosophy2 the fixed stars1 their      
parallaxes1 groups1 movements1 nebulae2 
double stars1 structure of the universe1
 resisting medium2 the solar system2 the
 laws of motion1 ,kepler and ,newton2   
density of the heavenly bodies2 our     
moon1 its orbit1 no atmosphere1 no      
water2 comets2 meteors1 and meteoric    
stones2 form of the earth2 magnetism2   
volcanic activity2 gas-springs2 geysers2
 internal structure of the earth2       
history of organisms1 their first       
origin1 and developments2 the surface1  
its forms1 and their influence on       
animated life2 the gradual rising and   
sinking of the surface in ,sweden2 the  
tides2 circulation of water on the      

earth--springs1 cold1 warm1 mineral1    
artesian--rivers1 seas1 ocean currents1 
evaporation and condensation2 glaciers2 
the atmosphere1 climate1 weather1 winds1
 storm-clouds2 organic life on the      
earth1 its nature1 differences1 origin  
of the differences1 original production1
 creation1 first appearance2 man1 his   
origin1 races1 forms1 phrenology1 c4    
,these letters offer1 as we have already
 said1 in a pleasing and attractive     
form1 a condensed and comprehensive view
 of what is now known with reference to 
the sciences treated4 ,the letter upon  
,man is especially interesting4         
,professor ,cotta belongs to those who  
think the human race to be the gradual  
perfection1 through thousands of        
generations1 of a lower order of        
creatures4 ,the human individual1 he    
says1 even now1 in the embryonic state1 
passes through the condition of various 
sorts of animals4 ,the most eminent     
anatomists have shown that before birth 
we for a time resemble a polypal animal1

 then for a time a fish1 next a reptile1
 till at last appear the characteristics
 of a mammalia4 ,this is a fact which   
bears strongly in favor of our view4    
,the genesis and development of the     
entire species seem to be here condensed
 in the growth of the individual4 ,but  
while setting forth this peculiar view1 
,professor ,cotta1 with true ,german    
comprehensiveness1 takes care to give a 
fair statement of opposing doctrines1   
and evinces nothing like a narrow       
dogmatism4 ,the second volume1 like the 
second volume of the ,cosmos1 is that   
which will most interest and delight the
 general reader4 ,it contains thirty-two
 letters1 mainly on the following       
subjects3 the view of nature in general2
 the religious view2 the various forms  
of the religious view2 the aesthetic    
view2 the inward connection of the      
aesthetic enjoyment of nature with its  
artistic representation2 the scientific 
view as empirical science and natural   
philosophy2 the relations of the various

 views of nature to each other2 the     
poetic comprehension of nature among the
 ,indians2 the poetic comprehension of  
nature among the ,jews1 the ,greeks1 and
 the ,romans2 the ,christian            
contemplation of nature2 ,german poetry 
in the middle ages2 ,italian poetry2 the
 poetic comprehension of nature in      
modern times2 the representation of     
nature by painting1 and its gradual     
appearance in the history of art2 the   
physiognomy of plants in connection with
 the physiognomy of nature in general2  
description of several plant formations2
 general outlines of the animal world2  
history of the physical view of the     
universe2 natural science among the     
,phenicians1 the ,greeks1 at the time of
 the ,ptolemies1 at the time of the     
,roman ,empire1 and in the middle ages2 
natural history of modern times1 ,bacon1
 ,copernicus1 ,kepler1 ,galileo1        
,newton2 the mechanical doctrine of     
modern physics2 the dynamic view of     
nature2 ,fichte's doctrine1 and the     

natural philosophy of ,schelling and    
,hegel4 ,this volume1 as will be easily 
understood1 gives at once a history of  
religion1 philosophy1 art1 literature1  
and science1 in their relations to the  
outward universe4 ,for instance1 under  
the head of natural science among the   
,greeks1 we have among other things an  
account of the doctrine of the          
,pythagoreans1 ,plato1 and ,aristotle2  
in treating the middle ages1 ,professor 
,schaller speaks of the ,scholastics1   
,thomas ,aquinas1 ,roger ,bacon1        
,giordano ,bruno1 and ,paracelsus4 ,one 
of the most interesting parts of the    
whole is that on the poetic view of     
nature among the ,hindoos1 ,jews1       
,greeks1 ,romans1 ,germans1 and         
,italians1 the historical statement     
being every where illustrated by copious
 quotations of admirable passages from  
the poets of those nations4 ,the        
strictly scientific portions are        
illustrated by excellent engravings1 and
 are free from mere technicalities4     

,sold in ,new-,york by ,r4 ,garrigue4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,vestiges of ,creation has been    
translated into ,german by ,charles     
,vogt1 a savan who in late years has    
become noted as a radical politician4   
,the translation is highly praised4     
,published at ,brunswick4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,the     
translation of ,,hegel',s ,aesthetik    
into ,french is now nearly completed at 
,paris1 the fourth volume1 which is     
devoted to the consideration of music   
and poetry1 having just been published4 
,one volume more will complete the work4
 ,the translator is ,m4 ,charles        
,benard4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,,the ,,human ,,race ,,and 
,,its ,,origin4--,under the title of    
,histoire ,generale des ,races          
,humaines1 ,m4 ,eusebe-,francois de     
,salles has just published at ,paris an 
elaborate work on ,ethnography1 for     
which he had prepared himself by long   
and careful personal observation of most

 of the races on the globe1 his travels 
having extended into nearly all climes  
and regions4 ,he takes the ground of the
 descent of the entire human family from
 a single pair1 created adult and       
perfect in mind and body1 not by any    
simple evolution of nature1 but by a    
direct act of the ,divine ,being4 ,the  
paradise or home of this pair he places 
to the north of ,india and the east of  
,persia4 ,all the varieties of men now  
existing he attributes to the influence 
of climate and circumstances4 ,the first
 light of history1 he says1 shows us the
 human family in possession of a        
language1 and of a certain degree of    
science1 the inheritance of the past4   
,its aptitudes1 its passions1 and       
outward circumstances1 may increase this
 inheritance1 keep it the same1 or      
diminish it4 ,in peoples enervated by   
luxury and by doubt1 in tribes softened 
by too favorable a climate1 or separated
 too long from the stronger and better  
educated masses1--in a family or a      

couple exiled by a catastrophe1 a       
shipwreck1--we are to seek the origin of
 the decline into the various degrees of
 corruption1 barbarism1 the savage      
state1 and brutality4 ,imagine a boat   
from the coast of ,america1 or from the 
,south ,sea ,islands1 cast by a tempest 
on some unknown shore or some desert    
island4 ,a few young persons1 a few     
children1 alone escape from the         
shipwreck1 knowing imperfectly the      
language1 the arts1 and the family      
traditions of their parents4 ,such is   
the origin of the unfortunates sometimes
 met with1 who are ignorant even of the 
use of fire4 ,against the spontaneous   
generation of the human race in several 
localities he argues at length as an    
utter absurdity1 the point of his       
argument being1 that isolated couples so
 produced would be unable to resist the 
inhospitality of nature without         
miraculous aid1 and one miracle1 he     
contends1 is more admissable than ten or
 a dozen4 ,but the chief grounds upon   

which he labors to establish his        
doctrine are the similitude of the most 
ancient traditions among all branches of
 the human species1 the affiliation and 
analogy of languages1 and the identity  
of organization and equality of         
aptitudes4 ,he finds similar traditions 
among the ,hebrews1 the ,chaldeans1 the 
,phoenicians1 the ,egyptians1 the       
,ethiopians1 the ,hindoos1 the          
,persians1 the ,chinese1 the ,thibetans1
 the ,scythians1 and the ,americans4 ,in
 the theogonies and cosmogonies of the  
,aztecs of ,america1 he says that the   
traditions of ancient ,asia are plainly 
to be found1 while some vague traces of 
these primitive narratives are to be    
found even among the savages of         
,oceanica1 and the most barbarous and   
miserable negroes of western ,africa4   
,to the negroes he devotes perhaps the  
most careful and learned portion of the 
work4 ,starting from the discovery of   
,m4 ,flaurens as to the pigmentum or    
coloring matter of the skin1 he contends

 with great force that nothing but the  
gradual influence of climate1 giving a  
greater and greater intensity to the    
action of this coloring matter1 which   
exists in every race and every          
individual1 has caused the essential    
difference between whites and blacks4   
,for1 he argues1 there is no other      
difference between them than that of    
color1 all the other features1 such as  
the prominent mouth1 the woolly hair1   
the facial angle1 being in no wise      
exclusively peculiar to the ,africans4  
,and so1 after having gone over the     
entire race in detail1 proving the      
identity of organization in every       
division1 ,m4 de ,salles concludes that 
the primitive complexion was olive1     
somewhat like the color of unburnt      
coffee1 and the original men had red    
hair4 ,on the affiliation of languages  
he reasons at great length1 with a      
striking affluence of curious and       
learned detail4 ,languages1 he remarks1 
become more and more complicated and    

perfect as we ascend toward their       
origin4 ,next he considers the          
modifications by which the present races
 of men have departed from the first    
family1 and in so doing he takes up     
every people that has ever been known4  
,america1 he thinks1 was first settled  
by ,mongol emigration1 with religious   
traditions1 between the eighteenth and  
the fifteenth century before our era3   
then1 six or eight hundred years later1 
there was a second emigration of ,hindoo
 races1 with traditions of architecture4
 ,with the ,bible and the facts of      
geology as his starting point1 he       
demonstrates the falsity of the         
,egyptian1 ,hindoo1 ,chinese1 and       
,mexican chronologies4 ,the six days of 
creation he takes as so many great      
epochs2 the deluge he places at five    
thousand years before ,christ4  ,in our 
account of this book we have not        
strictly followed the order of the      
author4 ,thus he makes the direct       
miraculous creation of man the          

concluding topic of his book1 and treats
 it not without a certain poetic        
elevation as comports with such an      
event4 ,we have aimed only to give the  
outlines of his doctrine1 and for the   
rest recommend those of our readers who 
are interested in such studies to       
procure and read the work4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,,joachim
 ,,lelewel 7a name honored by all lovers
 of liberty17 has just published at     
,breslau a work on the geography of the 
middle ages1 which is worthy of the     
warmest admiration4 ,it consists of an  
atlas of fifty plates1 engraved by the  
hand of the venerable author1 containing
 one hundred and forty-five figures and 
maps1 from eighty-eight different       
,arabic and ,latin geographers of       
different epochs1 with eleven           
explicative or comparative maps and two 
geographical essays4 ,the whole work    
exhibits the most thorough acquaintance 
and conscientious use of the labors of  
previous explorers in the same          

direction4 ,the cost of importing a copy
 into this country would be about eight 
dollars4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,,more ,,new ,,german      
,,novels4--,the ,siege of ,rheinfels1 by
 ,gustave von ,see1 is a historical     
romance1 founded on an episode from the 
wars of ,louis ,,xiv41 against the      
,german empire4 ,while the ,palatinate  
and the left bank of the ,rhine were    
ravaged by the ,french armies1 the      
fortress of ,rheinfels held out         
obstinately against a siege which was   
prosecuted with fury by a much superior 
force4 ,amid the scenes of this siege1  
passes the love-story that forms the    
kernel of the novel1 which is written   
with originality and talent4 ,the       
historical part is equally attractive   
and vraisemblant4 ,a collection of      
romances under the title of ,germania1  
has appeared at ,bremen4 ,it is intended
 to serve as the beginning of an annual 
publication4 ,the first number contains 
seven tales1 some of them by well known 

romance writers4 ,the first is ,eine    
,leidenschaft 7,a ,passion71 by ,louise 
von ,g41 and is highly praised by the   
most reliable critics2 it abounds in    
arch and graceful humor4 ,spiller von   
,hauenschildt is the least successful of
 the contributors in respect to the     
artistic treatment of his subject4 ,his 
novel is socialistic4 ,adolph ,hahr and 
,alfred ,meissner are also among the    
contributors4 ,on the whole the book is 
a good one4  ,leopold ,schefer has      
published lately in ,berlin ,the        
,bishop's ,wife1 a ,tale of the ,papacy1
 in which the great ,napoleon of the    
church1 ,hildebrand1 figures as the     
hero4 ,the ,germans have never succeeded
 in the historical novel4 ,with vast    
resources in materiel1 they have always 
a vagueness1 a want of definite         
interest1 of picturesque arrangement1   
and of sustained and disciplined power4 
,schefer is a scholar1 and his didactic 
purpose is plain enough1 and well enough
 managed4 ,the ,teutonic character has  

always instinctively revolted against   
the practice of celibacy1 a form of     
ascetism quite natural1 and sometimes   
perhaps inevitable1 as a reaction       
against the unbridled sensualism of the 
,africans and ,asiatics1 but quite out  
of place in climes so temperate and     
races so moderate1 conscientious1 and   
self-respecting as those of ,northern   
,europe4 ,it needed all the genius and  
determination of ,hildebrand himself to 
enforce the celibacy of the ,german     
clergy1 and certainly they have never   
ceased more or less covertly to revolt  
against it4 ,it is well understood that1
 at the present time1 there is a very   
general wish among the ,catholics of    
,germany--more especially of ,south     
,germany1 where they are not jealous of 
,protestant encroachments--to have      
marriage allowed to the parochial       
clergy2 and the clergy themselves are   
foremost in this tendency1 though it may
 not accord with their interest         
unreservedly to display it4 ,it has1    

however1 betrayed its existence in      
various ways1 especially in anonymous   
literary productions1 in prose and      
verse4 ,so general is this feeling1 and 
so profound the conviction that         
something must be done1 that in #ahdh it
 was very generally credited that the   
,pope was prepared to sanction a        
relaxation of the laws of the church in 
this respect4 ,for this belief1 however1
 there could have been no just          
foundation1 since ,pius ,,ix4 is the    
reputed author of the official reply1   
made while he was but a priest1 to the  
,brazilian ,archbishop ,feijo1 upon this
 very subject1 in which it was alleged  
that such a relaxation of discipline    
would be an abandonment of the integrity
 of the church4 ,yet without something  
of the kind1 it is thought that a very  
extensive schism in catholic ,germany   
will be inevitable4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,der ,mensch im   
,spiegel der ,natur 7,man in the ,mirror
 of ,nature71 is an excellent little    

work for popular use1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4   
,rossmaessler1 published at ,leipzic1 in
 two neat volumes1 with wood-cuts4 ,it  
sets forth1 in the most attractive form1
 the elementary facts of science1 they  
being ingeniously interwoven into a     
narrative of the journeys1 friendships1 
and adventures of the author4 ,the work 
well deserves a translation into        
,english4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,a work of extreme interest
 to geologists is the ,gaea ,norwegica1 
edited by ,professor ,,keilhau of the   
,christiana ,university1 and published  
at that place4 ,the first volume is just
 completed4 ,no country of ,europe is   
more important in respect of geological 
science than ,norway1 and the labors of 
,professor ,keilhau and his associates  
are of the most thorough and solid kind4
 ,the volume contains #eaf pages folio4 
,cost in ,america #d4ej4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,a       
,,german nobleman lately wrote to the   
,french ,academy1 offering to give that 

body a yearly income of #aj1jjj francs  
to be spent in two prizes1 one of #e1jjj
 francs for the best essay in defence of
 ,catholicism1 and another of the same  
sum for the best essay in defence of    
,absolutism4 ,the ,academy declined the 
offer4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,a ,,system of ,christian  
,ethics has lately been published at    
,regensburg1 by ,dr4 ,,werner1          
,professor in the ,catholic ,theological
 ,seminary of ,st4 ,polten4 ,the writer 
holds that all virtue flows from the    
mystic fountain of regeneration1 and is 
confirmed and supported solely by the   
sacraments of the church4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,,wilhelm
 ,,meinhold1 author of the ,amber       
,witch1 lately the pastor of a parish in
 ,pomerania1 is now in ,berlin1         
preparing for admission into the ,roman 
,catholic ,church4 ,it is not long since
 he forfeited his place in the          
,protestant ,church by a street fight1  
for which1 we believe1 he was           

imprisoned4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,the ,college of    
,rabbis1 at ,padua1 offers #ajjj florins
 7#djj7 as a prize for the best         
descriptive and critical work on the    
political and religious history of the  
,israelites from the first siege of     
,jerusalem to the time of the latest    
writers of the ,talmud4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,,mrs4   
,,robinson',s 7,talvi's7 ,history of the
 ,colonization of ,america1 originally  
published in the ,german language1 has  
been translated by ,mr4 ,william        
,hazlitt1 and printed in ,london4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,gedichte ,,von ,,jeanne ,,marie       
7,poems by ,jeanne ,marie7 is the title 
of one of the latest products of the    
,german muse4 ,the authoress is well    
known and well liked by those readers of
 ,german novels who take delight in the 
genius of authoresses1 and think ladies 
can write as well as men4 ,jeanne ,marie
 has seen much1 felt much1 and thought  

almost if not quite as much as she has  
seen and felt4 ,her poetic culture is   
however still defective1 and her stories
 are better than her lyrics4 ,the latter
 lack finish and correctness1 and abound
 in mere conceits rather than in genuine
 poetic images4 ,where she attempts     
simply to narrate an event in the ballad
 style she is more successful4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,a ,,book of curious historical interest
 is now in course of publication in     
,germany1 the first volume of which has 
already made its appearance4 ,it is the 
,diary of ,general ,patrick ,gorton1 who
 served in ,russia during a large part  
of the seventeenth century1 where he    
attained the highest military rank4 ,he 
was in the habit of noting every thing  
that passed around him1 or with which he
 was connected1 whether of a political1 
military1 or personal nature4 ,his field
 of service extended throughout the     
entire empire1 and embraced the most    
important events in the reign of ,peter 

the ,great4 ,he participated in the     
suppression of the corps of ,strelitzes1
 made two campaigns against the ,turks1 
was active in ,peter's reorganization of
 the army1 c41 c4 ,the first volume     
comes down to #afgh2 the remainder will 
soon follow4 ,as the whole was written  
without any design of being communicated
 to the world1 it is especially valuable
 for its glimpses at the domestic habits
 of the country at that peculiar period4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,,george ,,sand',s ,,new            
,,drama4--,george ,sand's ,claudie has  
had a brilliant fortune at ,paris1 where
 it was first performed the second week 
in ,january4 ,it is a drama of peasant  
life1 in three acts1 in prose4 ,jules   
,janin says of it3 ,the success of      
,claudie is a true1 sincere1 and        
energetic success4 ,it has impassioned  
the calmest souls2 it has calmed the    
most agitated4 ,this poem is a veritable
 festival1 full of the rustic delights  
of the country1 of the most honorable   

passions of the human heart1 of the     
noblest sentiments4 ,add to this1 a     
charm altogether new1 a charm both      
inspired and inspiring1 in the style1   
which is reason and good sense in the   
most delicious costume4 ,neither effort 
nor study is there1 but only that       
simplicity so much sought for in the    
most precious passages of ,daphnis and  
,chloe translated to the ,marivaux by   
,amyot himself4 ,the piece was listened 
to with ravishment4 ,there was universal
 praise among the audience1 an          
inexpressible abundance of tears1 of    
laughter1 of gayety1 of sighs1 of words 
fitly spoken1 of eloquent silence4 ,of  
the plot we take the following account  
from an article by ,paul de ,musset3    
,from the beginning we feel the air of  
the country1 the harvest1 and the sun of
 ,august4 ,farmer ,fauveau is preparing 
to pay the harvesters4 ,his employer1   
,dame ,rose1 a young and pretty widow1  
has just returned from the city1 where  
she had been for a lawsuit4 ,fauveau1 a 

shrewd but good-natured man1 skilfully  
calls her attention to the sad and      
agitated air of his son1 who is no doubt
 in love with some one1 and with whom   
can it be except his charming mistress8 
,dame ,rose admits that ,sylvain        
,fauveau is a handsome fellow1 and a    
good and intelligent workman1 who would 
manage affairs with discretion1 but he  
would be jealous of his wife4 ,jealousy1
 replies the old man1 is a proof of     
love1 and so ,dame ,rose begins to      
cherish the idea that ,sylvain is in    
love with her4 ,this is not true1 but   
the old man has said it purposely4 ,he  
suspects ,sylvain of being in love with 
,claudie1 a simple laborer in the       
harvest field1 without a penny1 and     
gaining her living1 with no other       
relative than a grandfather of eighty1  
who may any day become a charge upon her
 little earnings4 ,claudie comes in from
 work with her grandfather1 and they ask
 for their pay1 the harvest being       
finished1 and it being six leagues to   

their home4 ,they are paid1 and ,sylvain
 takes care that they shall receive more
 than his father intends1 and that they 
shall be invited to the harvest         
festival4 ,claudie aids in the          
preparations1 and ,sylvain1 reproaching 
her tenderly for working after a day so 
fatiguing1 takes from her the severer   
part of the duties she has undertaken4  
,but she only replies in monosyllables1 
and does not turn her eyes from the     
plates and other utensils she is engaged
 with4 ,sylvain1 troubled by this1      
withdraws1 murmuring at her coldness and
 indifference4 ,we soon see the cause of
 this4 ,a young peasant appears4 ,it is 
the handsome ,denis ,ronciat1 the beau  
and cajoler of the village girls1 who   
utters an exclamation of surprise4 ,a   
brief explanation informs us that ,denis
 was betrothed to ,claudie when she was 
fifteen1 that he had deceived and       
abandoned her like a villain1 leaving   
her a child1 which had since died4 ,this
 explains the gloomy air of ,claudie1   

her indifference to the advances of     
,sylvain1 and her almost fierce         
determination never to marry4 ,to       
complete his outrages1 ,denis boldly    
avows his intention to marry ,dame      
,rose1 and offers money to her he has   
betrayed1 in order to bribe her to      
silence4 ,the band of harvesters        
appears1 bearing in triumph the last    
sheaf1 adorned with flowers and ribbons4
 ,the grandfather1 ,remy1 full of joy1  
pronounces a discourse of rude and      
simple eloquence on the beneficence of  
,providence1 and of the sun ,he causes  
to shine1 after which a collection is   
proposed in favor of the orator and his 
granddaughter4 ,every one gives his     
offering4 ,dame ,rose puts in a new     
five-franc piece1 the father ,fauveau a 
penny1 ,sylvain his watch1 wishing that 
it were his heart1 a child brings an    
apple1 and finally the last contributor 
approaches4 ,this is ,denis ,ronciat3   
seeing the seducer of his child1 the    
indignation of the old man breaks out1  

he rejects the offering1 and falls as if
 struck with apoplexy1 pronouncing a    
sort of mysterious malediction1 which   
freezes with horror all who hear it4 ,in
 the second act ,claudie is still at the
 farm1 her grandfather having been sick 
there for two months4 ,she has been     
engaged as a servant to the farmer      
,fauveau1 but has not given the least   
hope to ,sylvain1 who has been constant 
in his attentions4 ,dame ,rose1 in the  
mean time1 has fallen in love with him1 
and is astonished that he has not       
declared himself4 ,denis ,ronciat1      
seeing his rival preferred1 explains to 
the rich widow why the lover she desires
 will not present himself1 and from     
vengeance and vanity divulges the secret
 of poor ,claudie4 ,here we expect a    
storm of insults and reproaches to fall 
on the head of the dishonored girl4     
,but1 as in the rest of the work1 the   
author has laid aside the ordinary      
traditions1 customs1 and                
conventionalities1 to draw from the     

resources of her own genius4 ,while all 
are preparing to expel the domestic who 
has deceived every body by her air of   
candor and innocence1 the old man1 whose
 reason has been wandering1 listens4 ,he
 recalls his recollections1 and his     
presence of mind returns at the critical
 moment4 ,he rises1 throws his arms     
around his granddaughter1 and naively   
recounts the story of the seduction and 
abandonment of ,claudie3 how she        
believed in ,denis1 and gave him her    
heart without distrust2 how ,denis      
shamefully abused her confidence1 and   
abandoned her1 when duty obliged him    
more than ever to be faithful4 ,the old 
man adds that he himself had neither    
reproached nor cursed her1 but that he  
consoled her1 that he took her child    
upon his knees1 and loved it1 and       
despaired when it died4 ,finally he     
demands who would presume to be severer 
toward his child1 and feel her wrong    
more keenly than he4 ,his simplicity1   
magnanimity1 and goodness1 overpower all

 who hear him4 ,a more gentle sentiment 
than even respect and pity takes        
possession of every heart4 ,the devotion
 of the old man raises the fallen girl1 
and in the admiration he inspires the   
fault of ,claudie is almost forgotten4  
,but it is too late4 ,the old man takes 
the arm of his daughter1 and leads her  
away with him4 ,when the curtain rises  
for the last scene1 ,dame ,rose has     
retained ,claudie and her grandfather at
 the house1 a riot in the village having
 prevented their departure4 ,denis has  
come near being stoned to death4        
,finally he consents to repair his crime
 by marrying her he has betrayed4 ,he is
 refused4 ,then ,sylvain offers himself 
to ,claudie1 but she says she is        
unworthy of him1 and refuses            
obstinately4 ,dame ,rose1 ,fauveau1 and 
even ,sylvain's mother1 try vainly to   
change her resolution4 ,the old man at  
last decides1 by saying that he reads   
her soul1 and knows that she loves      
,sylvain4 ,his authority makes her give 

a silent consent1 and here the curtain  
falls4 ,claudie has been brought out in 
elegant form by a ,parisian publisher4  
,why should not some poet attempt a     
version into ,english8         99       
99       99       99       99  ,several 
new ,plays and ,operas have lately      
attracted attention in ,paris4          
,paillasse1 in five acts1 by ,,mm4      
,dennery and ,marc ,fournier1 produced  
at the ,gaiete in ,november1 was one of 
the greatest hits during the latter part
 of #ahej4 ,the character of the        
conventional ,french mountebank1        
,paillasse1 the vagabond juggler of     
fairs and streets1 was regarded as one  
of the finest creations of ,frederic    
,lemaitre1 and in one of the ,christmas 
revues a symbol of the piece passed     
before the eyes of the audience as one  
of the types of the past year4 ,it has  
since been brought out in ,london with  
quite as much success1 ,madame ,celeste 
7the quondam star of our ,bowery87 in   
the character of the wife of the        

mountebank4 ,the musical season at      
,paris has been signalized by the       
production of two successful operas4    
,l',enfante ,prodigue of ,auber is      
running a prosperous career at the      
,academie de ,musique4 ,general opinion 
speaks highly of the music1 and the     
piece appears to be one of the most     
ingenious of ,m4 ,scribe4 ,at the ,opera
 ,comique another opera by ,scribe and  
,halevy1 ,la ,dame de ,pique1 has been  
brought out with success4 ,the libretto1
 taken from a ,russian tale1 translated 
by ,m4 ,merimee1 is one of the most     
fantastic ,scribe has constructed4 ,it  
is founded on an old story about the    
,russian ,empress ,elizabeth1 who had   
found out the secret of invariably      
winning at play by means of three cards1
 of which the ,queen of ,spades 7la     
,dame de ,pique7 was one4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,m4      
,,combet1 a ,protestant clergyman of    
,cevennes1 has just published at ,paris 
in three volumes a work of great        

interest and value1 under the title of  
,histoire de ,france sous le regne de   
,henry ,,iii4 par ,mazerai4 ,it         
comprises a full1 conscientious and     
philosophic account of the ,french      
religious civil wars1 from the beginning
 of the ,reformation down to the        
establishment of religious liberty under
 the ,consulate4 ,to the original work  
of ,mazerai1 ,m4 ,combet has prefixed an
 elaborate introduction1 while he has   
added in the form of an appendix        
whatever relates to more recent matters1
 with copious notes and commentaries4   
,the whole constitutes an invaluable    
contribution to the history of the      
modern religious movement4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,some new
 contributions to the history of labor  
have just appeared at ,paris4 ,the most 
important is the ,histoire de la ,classe
 ouvriere depuis l'esclave jusqu'au     
,proletaire de nos ,jours1 by ,m4       
,robert 7du ,var71 four volumes4 ,less  
general and comprehensive in its aim is 

,le ,livre d',or des ,metiers1 ,histoire
 des ,corporations ouvrieres1 by ,paul  
,lacroix and ,ferd4 ,serre1 six volumes4
 ,both these books are written without  
an intention to establish any special   
theory or system4         99       99   
99       99       99  ,,the ,,rev4 ,g4  
,r4 ,,gleig1 author of ,the ,subaltern's
 ,furlough1 ,saratoga1 c41 is now       
,inspector-,general of ,military        
,schools1 and lives in ,london4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,leopold ,,ranke1 whose ,lives of the  
,popes of ,rome is familiar to ,american
 readers1 has lately discovered in the  
,national ,library at ,paris an         
important long lost ,,ms41 by the       
,cardinal ,richelieu4 ,in the ,,ms4     
memoirs of the ,cardinal1 deposited at  
the ,office for ,foreign ,affairs1 an   
imperfection has existed1 in the total  
absence of a series of leaves from the  
most interesting part of the collection4
 ,these appear to have been found       
accidentally1 by ,m4 ,ranke1 in a bundle

 of papers1 gathered from some of the   
old mansions in ,saint ,germains4 ,it   
has been a disputed question whether    
,richelieu was the real author of the   
works under his name2 whether he availed
 himself of the literary abilities of   
others1 contributing no more from his   
own resources than here and there an    
observation or a fact4 ,these disputes  
have had reference to the ,memoirs1 the 
,testament1 and the ,histoire de la     
,mere et du ,fils2 for there seems to be
 good reason for believing that the     
books published previous to his         
political elevation1 such as the ,de la 
,perfection du ,chretien1 the           
theological tracts1 and his political   
treatise of #afad1 were written by him  
with no more than the ordinary aids of  
authorship4 ,it is possible that the    
fragment1 discovered by ,m4 ,ranke1 may 
afford additional evidence on this      
curious subject1 which was lately       
debated in the ,academy4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,of bad  

spelling ,george ,sand writes1 apropos  
of some newspaper controversy in ,paris1
 that so far from bad spelling being a  
proof of want of capacity1 she has a    
letter of ,jean ,jacques ,rousseau1 in  
which there are ten faults of spelling  
in three lines4 ,moreover1 she assures  
us1 that she herself frequently makes a 
lapsus pennae for which a school-boy    
would be chastised4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,,lola ,,montes   
has made her debut in the literary      
arena1 by the publication in the        
feuilleton of a daily newspaper of the  
first portion of what she calls her     
,memoirs3 a quasi-impertinent epistle to
 the ex-king of ,bavaria4 ,since1 the   
publication has been suspended4 ,it     
promised merely scandal1 without wit4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,,the ,,count ,,de ,,montalembert has   
been elected a member of the ,french    
,academy1 in place of ,m4 ,droz4 ,the   
election gives little satisfaction      
outside the ,institute2 but the ,count  

is not without eminence as a man of     
letters4 ,some of his religious tracts  
are written with great eloquence and    
pungency4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,the seventh and last      
volume of the ,glossarium ,mediae et    
,infimae ,latinitatis has just been     
published by the ,didots at ,paris4 ,it 
is a perfect repertory of information as
 to the middle ages1 and cannot be      
dispensed with by any one who aims to   
study the institutions1 history1 and    
monuments of that period4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,a       
complete grammar of the ,coptic language
 has been brought out at ,berlin1 by    
,professor ,,schwartze4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,,the    
,,italian ,,revolution4--,books relating
 to the late revolution in ,italy and   
the events which preceded it are now    
published in that country in            
considerable numbers4 ,one by ,farini1  
,lo ,stato ,romano dall' anno #ahae all'
 anno #ahej1 not yet completed1 only two

 volumes having been published1 will be 
found valuable to the future historian4 
,its author is a constitutionalist1 and 
treats the reign of ,pius ,,ix4 strictly
 from that stand-point4 ,his book must  
therefore be read with discretion4 ,with
 the third volume1 which will soon      
appear1 will be issued a second edition 
of the first two volumes4 ,marquis ,f4  
,a4 ,gualtiero of ,orvieto has just     
brought out at ,florence the first      
volume of a large work1 ,gli ,ultimenti 
,rivolgimenti ,italiani1 ,memorie       
,storiche con ,documenti ,inediti4 ,this
 is excellent in respect to the         
pre-revolutionary events1 giving a great
 variety of information as to persons as
 well as circumstances1 in considerable 
detail4 ,it is to be followed by an     
account of the revolution itself1       
treated of course in the same manner4   
,it hardly need be said that the        
,marquis must fail to do justice to     
,mazzini and the republicans4 ,an       
elaborate and able article reviewing the

 whole question has lately appeared in  
the ,rivista ,italiana1 from the pen of 
,signor ,berti4 ,one of the best books  
yet produced on the revolutionary side  
is ,general ,pepe's ,guerres d',italie4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,we noticed last month the anniversary  
meeting of the ,archaeological          
,institute at ,rome4 ,the same society  
has just published its ,annals1 or      
,annual ,memoirs1 for #ahej1 a volume of
 great value and interest4 ,it contains 
,lanza's report on the excavations at   
,salona1 continued down to the year     
#ahdh4 ,an essay is contributed by      
,canina upon the three temples of       
,pietas1 ,spes1 and ,juno ,sospita1 on  
whose ruins is built the church of ,san 
,nicola in carcere1 new remains of the  
temples having been discovered in #ahdh4
 ,the statue of ,apoxyomenos1 found a   
year since at ,trastavere1 as well as   
the series of ,amazons in relievo now in
 the ,british ,museum1 which ,emil      
,braun takes to be relics of the famous 

,mausoleum1 are treated at length4 ,a   
little triangular candelabra1 found in  
the ,baths of ,titus1 is made           
interesting from the relation of the    
figures upon it to the worship of       
,apollo4 ,the series of ,etruscan       
frescoes has been greatly enriched by   
the pictures in two tombs1 one of which 
was discovered in #ahdf by ,a4          
,francois1 while the other was then for 
the first time copied and rescued from  
entire oblivion4 ,these pictures1 which1
 like most monumental works1 represent  
funeral feasts and games1 according to  
,braun1 are valuable for a mass of      
details relating to antique athletic    
art1 which were before unknown4 ,a      
,pompeiian fresco1 representing the     
twelve gods1 hitherto little esteemed1  
is made the subject of a profound       
investigation by ,e4 ,gerhard4 ,among   
the essays on vases1 a long one by      
,welcker deserves especial mention4 ,it 
discusses all the known representations 
of the ,death of ,troilus4 ,the sphere  

of numismatics is filled by a long essay
 by ,cavedoni on the ,roman coins of the
 time of ,augustus4 ,there are also many
 other articles of no less interest to  
scholars1 antiquaries1 and artists4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,m4 ,,antoine ,d',,abbadie received not 
long ago from ,president ,bonaparte1 the
 decoration of the ,legion of ,honor1   
for alleged geographical discoveries in 
,africa4 ,an ,inquiry into ,m4          
,abbadie's journey has just appeared in 
,london1 from the hand of ,dr4 ,charles 
,t4 ,beke1 and it is not impossible that
 the traveller will turn out a          
,damburger or a ,hunter4 ,dr4 ,beke is  
an ,englishman2 ,d',abbadie1 an         
,irishman by birth1 but a ,frenchman by 
name1 education and allegiance4 ,the    
latter professes to have been the first 
,european who ever put foot in the      
,african ,kingdom of ,kaffa2 the former 
gives reasons for doubting his          
statements entirely1 and does not       
believe the ,frenchman has even been in 

the country he describes at all4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,the great oriental scholar ,monsignore 
,,molsa has been appointed to the office
 of ,chief ,guardian of the ,vatican    
,library1 in the room of ,m4 ,laureani1 
whose melancholy death occurred a few   
months ago2 and the ,abate ,martinucci  
has been nominated to fill the office of
 sub-chief1 which is one of very        
considerable importance1 and has        
hitherto been filled by some of the most
 eminent of ,italian scholars4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,we are to have from ,paris a hitherto  
unpublished ode of ,,piron1 the         
well-known author of ,la ,metromanie4   
,it is entitled ,les ,confessions de mon
 ,oreiller1 7,confessions of my         
,pillow17 and is considered by          
connoisseurs to be decidedly authentic4 
,it is signed and headed thus3 ,to be   
given to the public a hundred years     
after my death4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,the vacancy      

occasioned by the death of ,m4 ,,alban  
,,de ,,villeneuve-,,bargemont1 in the   
list of members of the ,french ,academy 
of ,moral and ,political ,sciences1 has 
been filled by the election of ,m4      
,,louis ,,reybaud1 the author of ,jerome
 ,paturot1 and husband of ,madame       
,reybaud1 who wrote the charming novels 
of ,le ,cadet de ,calabriere1 ,helena1  
c4         99       99       99       99
       99  ,the sons of ,rossi1 the     
distinguished economist1 and less       
distinguished minister of ,pius ,,ix41  
in which capacity he was assassinated1  
have published the third volume of his  
,cours d',economie ,politique4 ,it      
treats of the distribution of wealth1   
and is marked by the same ability and   
tendencies as the volumes which preceded
 it1 which were upon the production of  
riches4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,h4 ,,bailliere1 the       
eminent publisher1 of ,paris1 has       
established a branch of his house at    
#afi ,fulton street1 ,new-,york1 where  

,american scholars may obtain all the   
best scientific literature of the time  
in suitable editions and at reasonable  
prices4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,of ,,mr4 ,,james ,,bailey1
 and the blasphemous rant and fustian   
and crude speculation which make up his 
poem of ,festus1 which has had such     
extraordinary popularity among our      
transcendentalists1 and which           
,shakspeare ,hudson so excellently well 
reviewed in the ,whig ,review a year or 
two ago1 we think a correspondent of    
,the ,tribune speaks justly in the      
following extract from a letter dated at
 ,nottingham1 in ,england3  ,apropos of 
,nottingham1 ,i have seen ,bailey1 the  
author of ',festus4' ,his father is     
proprietor of the ,nottingham ,mercury1 
and the editorial department rests with 
him4 ,he is a heavy1 thick set sort of  
man2 of a stature below the middle size2
 complexion dark2 and1 in years about   
eight and thirty4 ,his physiognomy would
 be clownish in expression1 if his eyes 

did not redeem his other features4 ,he  
spoke of ',festus1' and of its fame in  
,america1 of which he seemed very proud4
 ,in ,england1 it has only reached the  
third edition1 while eight or nine have 
been published in the ,states4 ,you know
 my opinion of the work4 ,it is as far  
from being a great poem as the ,thames1 
compared with the ,mississippi or the   
,ohio1 is from being a great river4     
,anxiously1 anxiously have ,i sought one
 striking original idea in the whole    
poem 7appalling in its length71 but to  
no purpose4 ,the transcendental         
literature of ,germany absorbs all that1
 at first glance1 arrests the attention4
 ,without learning1 imagination1 or the 
attraction of a beautiful metre 7like   
that of ,tennyson's ',princess'71 ,i am 
at a loss to know what has given this   
poem its notoriety4 ,not its daring     
speculation1 surely1 for it is but a    
timid compromise between ,orthodoxy and 
,universalism4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,h4 ,f4 ,,clinton 

has published in ,london the concluding 
volume of his ,fasti ,romani3 the civil 
and literary chronology of ,rome and    
,constantinople from the death of       
,augustus to the death of ,heraclius4   
,the first volume1 containing the       
chronological tables1 was published in  
#ahde1 and formed a continuation of the 
,fasti ,hellenici1 by the same author4  
,it came down to the death of ,justin   
,,ii41 ,a4 ,d4 #egh4 ,the present volume
 continues the tables from the latter   
date to the death of ,heraclius1 ,a4 ,d4
 #fda2 but the greater part of it       
consists of a series of learned         
dissertations on various points         
connected with the civil and literary   
history of the ,roman and ,byzantine    
empires4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,,captain ,j4 ,d4          
,,cunningham1 author of the ,history of 
the ,sikhs1 who was dismissed from his  
political situation at ,bhopal1 by      
orders of the ,court of ,directors1 for 
having published an official            

correspondence1 without the permission  
of his immediate superiors1 has been    
recalled to public employment by the    
,governor-,general of ,india1 ,lord     
,dalhousie having just appointed him    
general superintending engineer in the  
north-western provinces4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,,mr4    
,,hepworth ,,dixon1 author of ,howard   
and the ,prison-,world of ,europe1 has  
published in ,london a ,life of ,william
 ,penn1 which will be republished       
immediately by ,lea  ,blanchard of      
,philadelphia4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,,the ,,literary  
,,women of ,england were never so active
 as now4 ,mrs4 ,crowe has commenced in  
,the ,palladium magazine a new novel    
entitled ,estelle ,silvestre4 ,miss     
,anne ,g4 ,greene has published the     
third volume of her ,lives of the       
,princesses of ,england2 ,mrs4 ,david   
,ogilvy1 ,traditions of ,tuscany2 ,mrs4 
,gordon1 ,musgrave1 a ,story of         
,gilsland ,spa2 ,maria de la ,vaye1     

,eugenie1 the ,young ,laundress of the  
,bastille2 ,mrs4 ,norton1 a new poem2   
the author of ,olivia1 ,sir ,philip     
,hetherington2 ,mrs4 ,ward1 ,helen      
,charteris1 or ,sayings and ,doings in a
 ,cathedral ,town2 ,mrs4 ,hubbach1 niece
 of the celebrated ,miss ,austen1 ,the  
,wife's ,sister1 or the ,forbidden      
,marriage2 ,mrs4 ,jameson1 ,legends of  
the ,madonna1 forming the conclusion of 
her series illustrating ,sacred and     
,legendary ,art2 the authoress of ,mary 
,powell has commenced in ,sharpe's      
,magazine a new work of the same        
description1 under the title of ,the    
,household of ,sir ,thomas ,more4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,miss ,,martineau began on the first of
 ,february1 a serial work under the     
title of ,half a ,century of the        
,british ,empire2 a ,history of the     
,kingdom and the ,people1 from #ahjj to 
#ahej4 ,it will be in six volumes1 and  
it is intended to present1 in handsome  
octavos at a rate of extraordinary      

cheapness1 a connected narrative of the 
most important era in the history of the
 modern world4 ,the work of ,macaulay   
professes to be the history of ,england 
from the accession of ,king ,james the  
,second down to the time which is within
 the memory of men still living4 ,half a
 ,century of the ,british ,empire1 will 
chiefly deal with events and states of  
society during a period in which many of
 our contemporaries have lived and      
acted4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,the correspondence of     
,,robert ,,sutton1 ,lord ,,lexington1   
,british ,minister at ,vienna in #afid1 
has just been published by ,murray in   
,london1 having recently been discovered
 in the library of the ,suttons1 at     
,kilham4 ,there is not much absolute    
value in their contents1 historically   
speaking2 but the letters supply several
 striking and some amusing illustrations
 of characters already known in history1
 and are a contribution really important
 to the history of manners and society  

at the seventeenth century4 ,the        
non-official letters are in this respect
 most curious and entertaining4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,pensions of ,l#ajj a year each have    
been granted in ,england to ,mrs4       
,belzoni1 the aged widow of the         
celebrated traveller2 and to ,mr4       
,poole1 the author of ,paul ,pry1 and of
 many contributions to periodical       
literature1 who is a great sufferer from
 bodily infirmities4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,,captain  
,,medwin1 whose book about ,byron was   
once read by every body1 and who for    
some time resided in this country1 turns
 up in ,holland1 after an oblivion of   
several years4 ,he contributes to the   
last number of the ,new ,monthly an     
article entitled1 ,hawking at ,loo4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,john ,,clare1 the peasant poet1       
sometimes called the rural ,burns1 is   
now in the ,lunatic ,asylum at          
,northampton4 ,there is much sweetness  

in some of poor ,clare's verses1 of     
which four volumes appeared many years  
ago4 ,we believe he was among the       
proteges of ,southey4 ,his complaints to
 visitors of the madhouse are commonly  
of the injustice done to him by the     
public in not recognizing him1 instead  
of ,scott and ,byron1 as the author of  
,marmion and ,don ,juan1 and in refusing
 him the honor of having gained the     
battle of ,waterloo4 ,clare was the     
writer1 though not generally known as   
such1 of the lines1 ,here we meet too   
soon to part--which1 set to one of      
,rossini's most beautiful airs1 were    
some time exceedingly popular4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,a new volume of the writings of ,de    
,quincey has just been published by     
,ticknor1 ,reed  ,fields1 of ,boston4   
,it contains1 with other admirable      
papers1 those ,on the ,knocking at the  
,gate1 in ,macbeth1 ,murder considered  
as one of the ,fine ,arts1 ,joan of     
,arc1 and ,dinners1 ,real and ,reputed4 

,these works of one of the greatest of  
living authors1 have never before been  
collected1 and the publishers confer a  
most acceptable benefit by their edition
 of them4 ,we have from the same house a
 copy of the best ,english version of   
,faust1 that of ,hayward4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,,sir    
,,edward ,,bulwer ,,lytton is publishing
 a complete collection of his ,poems and
 ,dramas4 ,this edition will include    
several pieces not hitherto published1  
and those that have appeared before will
 receive the author's last corrections  
and revision4 ,each volume will be      
illustrated with an appropriate vignette
 title2 and the first will contain1 in  
addition1 a portrait1 from a painting by
 ,maclise4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,one of the most delightful
 books in natural history that we have  
ever seen is ,episodes of ,insect ,life1
 recently published in ,england1 and now
 in the press of ,mr4 ,redfield1 in this
 city4 ,it is divided into three scenes1

 representing spring1 summer1 and       
autumn1 and is profusely and skilfully  
illustrated4 ,it is even more           
entertaining than ,lord ,brougham's     
,dialogues on ,instinct1 which we had   
regarded as the pleasantest work in such
 studies4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,,dr4 ,,achilli1 whose     
imprisonment in the ,roman ,inquisition 
is a familiar story1 has published      
,dealings with the ,inquisition1 or     
,papal ,rome1 her ,priests and her      
,jesuits2 with ,important ,disclosures4 
,it is an autobiography4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,,samuel 
,,bailey1 whose ,essays on the ,pursuit 
of ,truth and on the ,progress of       
,knowledge1 ,essays on the ,formation   
and ,publication of ,opinions1 c41 have 
been largely read in this country1 has  
just published a volume entitled1 ,the  
,theory of ,reasoning1 with ,comments on
 the ,principal ,points of ,scholastic  
,logic4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,,major ,,poussin',s       

,united ,states1 their ,power and       
,progress1 a translation of ,la         
,puissance ,americaine1 by ,edmund ,l4  
,du ,barry1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n41 has been       
published in a large octavo of about    
five hundred pages1 by ,lippencott1     
,grambo1  ,co41 of ,philadelphia4 ,we   
take the opportunity to give some       
account of the author4  ,guillaume ,tell
 ,poussin was born in the autumn of the 
year #agif in the department of the     
,seine and ,oise1 in ,france4 ,his      
father was a painter of some celebrity1 
who has left many fine works in the     
galleries of ,versailles and ,rouen4    
,introduced1 while a child1 to the favor
 of ,napoleon1 it was ordered by a      
special decree that1 as a descendant of 
the great ,nicholas ,poussin1 whose     
works are among the chief glories of    
,french art1 ,william ,tell ,poussin    
should be educated at the imperial      
school of ,rouen4 ,there he spent seven 
years1 and passed his examination for   
admission to the ,polytechnic school4   

,he entered this national academy of    
engineering1 and in #ahad1 while yet a  
youth1 distinguished himself by his     
patriotic spirit1 which prompted him to 
join his comrades in the defence of the 
walls of ,paris against an invading     
enemy4 ,he was wounded at the village of
 ,aubervilliers1 in an attack against   
the combined force of ,british and      
,russian troops who occupied that       
position2 and after the surrender of    
,paris his feelings were so excited that
 he could not bring himself to acts of  
submission to the ,bourbon family1 but  
was arrested on account of his opinions1
 and released only on the intervention  
of powerful friends4 ,he soon embarked  
for ,america1 and arrived at ,new-,york 
in ,november1 #ahae1 having for         
recommendation his ardent desire to be  
useful and a decided love of liberty4   
,after a short residence in ,new-,york  
he proceeded to ,philadelphia1 where he 
expected to meet with some encouragement
 in his profession as an engineer4 ,here

 he became acquainted with ,mr4         
,fairman1 the engraver1 and worked for  
him a few months with advantage1        
boarding meanwhile at a ,french house1  
into which the landlady received him in 
consideration of the devotion of his    
leisure to the instruction of her       
children4 ,the next spring he removed to
 ,washington1 where he had heard that he
 could be profitably employed in the    
rebuilding of the capitol1 which the    
,british army had destroyed in the late 
war4 ,he now worked as an architect for 
about a year1 when1 several leading     
senators and representatives having     
become acquainted with him1 and1 taking 
a particular interest in him for his    
earnest and manly character and the     
remarkable abilities he had evinced as  
an engineer1 in the incidental          
opportunities presented by his          
employment as an architect1 they signed 
a petition to ,president ,madison for   
his admission to the corps of           
,topographical ,engineers1 which was    

then to be organized1 and he was at once
 transferred to the ,united ,states     
,army4 ,a short time after1 ,general    
,bernard1 whom ,mr4 ,crawford1 the      
,american ,minister at ,paris1 had      
engaged to be the chief of the          
,topographical ,engineers1 arrived in   
,washington1 and assuming his office    
proceeded to the necessary preparations 
for that survey of the physical         
resources of our territory for national 
defence1 and for tracing the lines      
required to form a complete base of     
operations in time of war1 on the       
assailable portions of our frontier1 for
 which the service had been instituted4 
,before leaving ,france1 ,general       
,bernard had received especial          
recommendations from the friends of     
young ,poussin to look after his        
interests1 and when they met1 therefore1
 their acquaintance was made on the most
 intimate and agreeable terms on both   
sides4 ,upon the application of ,general
 ,bernard to the ,secretary of ,war1    

,poussin was attached to his person as  
an aid-de-camp1 and left ,washington    
with him for a military reconnaissance  
of the coast on the ,gulf of ,mexico1   
and of the delta of the ,mississippi4   
,they spent a year and a half upon their
 important duties1 in ,new ,orleans and 
its vicinity1 regardless of the dangers 
of that climate1 and in #ahag returned  
to the seat of government and submitted 
to the ,president a particular and      
elaborate memoir of their operations4   
,it was upon this first report1         
presented by the ,executive1 on the     
,military ,defences of the ,united      
,states1--a report drawn up in a very   
large degree by the hand of ,m4         
,poussin1 and illustrated throughout    
with his discovery and suggestion1--that
 ,congress1 by an almost unanimous vote1
 authorized the erection of the great   
line of our military defences1 adopting 
the recommendations of the commissioner 
without even the slightest alteration4  
,the ,board of ,military ,engineers     

entered subsequently on the yearly      
execution of their important duty of    
examining the coast previous to         
determining the actual sites and        
descriptions of the works of defence    
which they afterwards delineated4 ,the  
young topographical engineer continued  
in his arduous scientific labors1 and   
thus contributed largely in the         
perfecting of that great national       
scheme4 ,it was in these military       
operations1 and afterwards in the       
surveys for roads and canals1 which1    
under the supervision of a ,board of    
,internal ,improvements1 where confided 
to a portion of the same officers1      
assisted by civil engineers1 that       
,poussin rendered himself so efficient  
as a practical and scientific surveyor1 
and became so perfectly familiar with   
all the internal resources of our       
extensive country1 which he had thus    
most remarkable opportunities to study  
and appreciate1 by crossing it in all   
directions1 and1 in fact1 by visiting   

every state1 and by following up and    
down every valley and river of the      
eastern half of the continent4 ,few men 
have had such occasion of studying de   
visu the extent and resources of the    
republic2 and the intelligent readers of
 the volume before us will acknowledge1 
that few persons have shown themselves  
more conversant with its astonishing    
advancement4 ,his first publication was 
a description of the works to which he  
had contributed1 under the title of ,a  
,history of the ,internal ,improvements 
of the ,united ,states2 his second1 an  
account of all the railroads in this    
country1 which had considerable         
influence in developing in ,europe a    
disposition toward our policy in this   
respect1 and entitles ,major ,poussin to
 the gratitude of all lovers of rapid   
and safe communication4 ,it was         
reproduced in ,belgium and ,germany1 and
 has long been a textbook upon its      
subject in those countries1 as well as  
in ,france4 ,his third work was the one 

now translated1 ,la ,puissance          
,americaine1 in which he has displayed1 
most emphatically1 his admiration of our
 institutions1 and offered them as      
examples to communities aspiring after  
rational liberty4 ,it may be said of it1
 that it is the ,american system        
rendered popular by practical and       
convincing illustrations4  ,major       
,poussin returned to ,france early in   
#ahcb1 in the hope to cooeperate in     
rendering popular in his own country    
some of the political institutions of   
the ,united ,states1 to which he always 
attributed our great prosperity2 but he 
was not fortunate enough to be admitted 
to active official life4 ,he employed   
himself in his profession of surveyor1  
and superintended several important     
public works1 and frequently in         
pamphlets and in contributions to the   
journals1 labored for the dissemination 
of ,american ideas4 ,at last1 when the  
,revolution of ,february1 #ahdh1 broke  
out1 he was chosen1 with the greatest   

unanimity by the ,provisional           
,government1 to be the ,representative  
of ,republican ,france near the         
,government of the ,united ,states4 ,it 
was deemed the highest compliment of    
which ,france was capable1 that she sent
 as her minister the citizen most       
conversant with our affairs1 and most   
eminent for admiration of our           
institutions4 ,his arrival in this      
country1 and the misunderstanding with  
the cabinet at ,washington1 which       
resulted in his recall by ,president    
,bonaparte1 cannot have been forgotten  
by the observant reader4 ,we believe    
that few who have carefully studied the 
conduct of ,major ,poussin in that      
affair1 will be disposed1 in the        
slightest degree1 to censure him1 while 
the entire history will readily be      
consigned to oblivion by the ,american  
who is in any degree sensitive upon the 
subject of our national honor4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,,guillaumin ,,et ,,cie1 the well known 

,parisian publishers1 are about to add  
to their ,collection des ,principaux    
,economistes several ,american works in 
this department4 ,one volume1 at least1 
will be devoted to ,henry ,c4 ,carey's  
masterly compositions1 with a preface   
and commentaries2 another volume will be
 given to the ,free ,trade party1 and   
will embrace the best things of ,mr4    
,walker1 ,mr4 ,raguet1 ,mr4 ,cardozo1   
,henry ,middleton1 ,dr4 ,wayland1 c42   
and essays by ,mr4 ,phillips1 ,horace   
,greeley1 and other ,protectionists1    
will probably constitute another4 ,the  
,collection now embraces ,quesnay1      
,turgot1 ,dupont ,nemours1 ,le ,tronne1 
the ,says1 ,galliani1 de ,montyon1      
,condillac1 ,lavoisier1 ,adam ,smith1   
,hume1 ,ricardo1 ,malthus1 ,bentham1 and
 a dozen more4 ,the only ,american name 
in the list is that of ,franklin quoted 
in the first volume of the ,melanges1   
edited by ,daire and ,molinari4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,joseph ,,gales1 of the ,national      

,intelligencer1 has lately published    
several leading articles of such        
compactness and completeness1 such      
weight and dignity1 as distinguish only 
the greatest compositions in philosophy 
and upon affairs4 ,the intellectual     
force acting through the press of this  
country is habitually underrated4 ,there
 are a dozen journals here which may be 
advantageously compared with any in     
,europe1 with the single exception of   
the ,times4 ,it would perhaps seem      
invidious to point them out1 from the   
greater number that are conducted with  
ability and energy2 but it will not be  
objected by any one who has the right to
 express an opinion in the case1 if we  
say that ,mr4 ,gales is of the first    
rank of public men who have ever        
influenced or illustrated the course of 
events by written eloquence or argument4
 ,the leading articles from his hand    
which in the last twenty-five years have
 appeared in the ,national              
,intelligencer1 would fill many volumes2

 and if collected and so submitted to   
one view1 they would astonish by their  
variety1 by the extraordinary resources 
of information which they evince1 by    
their soundness of logic1 elevation of  
sentiment1 and uniform adaptation to    
their several purposes4 ,if they lack   
the pungent wit1 and fiery energy of    
phrase1 and adroitly venomous spirit of 
,junius1 they have1 with their nobler   
calmness and uniform candor1 a far wider
 sweep1 a subtler apprehension of       
consequences1 and a more statesmanlike  
aim and capacity4 ,the diction of       
,junius was calculated to arrest        
attention1 by its glitter and strength1 
and by its freshness2 for it was in     
style1 after all1 that he was most      
creative1 and since his style has by    
imitation become familiar1 it is for the
 mystery of their authorship only that  
his works have continued eminence4 ,as  
materials for history1 and as suggestive
 guides of policy1 we have in ,american 
literature very few works so important  

as the leading articles of ,joseph      
,gales would constitute1 fitly arranged1
 and illustrated by such notes as he    
could readily furnish1 necessary now on 
account of the time since some of them  
were originally printed4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,,rev4 ,,henry ,t4 ,,cheever',s ,whale  
and his ,captors1 7published last year  
by the ,harpers17 has been reprinted in 
,london under the title of ,the         
,whaleman's ,adventures in the ,northern
 ,ocean1 with a highly and justly       
commendatory introduction by the ,rev4  
,w4 ,scoresby1 ,d4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,we have
 great pleasure in recording evidences  
of the popularity of such works as ,mr4 
,cheever's4 ,they have a manly as well  
as a ,christian spirit1 and are needed  
to counteract the influences of the many
 infidel books in which the effects of  
the ,christian civilization in the      
,island ,world are systematically       
misrepresented4 ,we learn that ,mr4     
,cheever is now engaged upon ,the       

,autobiography of ,captain ,obadiah     
,conger1 who was fifty years a mariner  
from the port of ,new-,york4 ,he is     
editing the ,,ms4 of the deceased sailor
 for the ,harpers4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,,mr4 ,,job ,r4   
,,tyson1 whose careful researches       
respecting the colonial history of      
,pennsylvania have illustrated his      
abilities and his predilections in this 
line1 is about to proceed to ,europe1   
for the consultation of certain         
documents connected with the subject1   
preparatory to the publication of his   
,history of the ,american ,colonies1 a  
work in which1 doubtless1 he will not be
 liable to the reproach of histories    
written by ,new-,englanders1 that they  
exaggerate the virtues and the influence
 of the ,puritans4 ,mr4 ,tyson is of the
 best stock of the ,philadelphia        
,quakers1 and the traditional fame of   
his party will not suffer in his hands4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,mr4 ,,henry ,,james1 the author of    

,moralism and ,christianity1 must       
certainly be regarded by all who come   
into his fit audience as one of the     
greatest living masters of metaphysics4 
,mr4 ,james has never been mentioned in 
the ,north ,american ,review2 but then1 
that peculiarly national work has not in
 all its seventy volumes an article upon
 ,jonathan ,edwards1 whom ,robert ,hall1
 ,dr4 ,chalmers1 ,dugald ,stuart1 ,sir  
,james ,mackintosh1 ,kant1 ,cousin1 and 
a hundred others scarcely less famous1  
have regarded as the chief glory in our 
intellectual firmament2 it has never let
 its light shine upon the pages of      
,legare2 it has preserved the most      
profound silence respecting ,henry      
,carey1 ,william ,r4 ,williams1 and     
,addison ,alexander2 so that it must not
 be considered altogether conclusive as 
to ,mr4 ,james's merits that he has not 
had the seal of the ,north ,american's  
approval4 ,we regard him as one of the  
great metaphysicians of the time1 not   
because1 like ,comte1 he has evolved    

with irresistible power and majestic    
order any grand and complete system1 but
 because he has brought to the          
discussion of the few questions he has  
attempted1 so independent a spirit1 so  
pure a method1 such expansive humanity1 
and such ample resources of learning1 as
 separately claim admiration1 and       
combined1 constitute a teacher of the   
most dignified rank1 who can and will   
influence the world4 ,we do not         
altogether agree with ,mr4 ,james2 on   
the contrary1 we have been regarded as  
particularly grim in our conservatism2  
but we are none the less sensible of    
,mr4 ,james's surpassing merits as a    
writer upon the philosophy of society4  
,we dedicate this paragraph to him on   
account of the series of lectures he has
 just delivered in ,new-,york1 upon ,the
 ,symbolism of ,property1 ,democracy and
 its ,issues1 ,the ,harmony of ,nature  
and ,revelation1 ,the ,past and ,future 
,churches1 c4 ,we understand that these 
splendid dissertations will be given to 

the public in the more acceptable form  
of a volume4 ,the popular lecture is not
 a suitable medium for such discussions1
 or certainly not for such thinking3 one
 of ,mr4 ,james's sentences1 diluted to 
the lecture standard1 would serve for an
 entire discourse1 which by those who   
should understand it1 would be deemed of
 a singularly compact body1 as compared 
with the average of such performances4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,,professor ,,torrey1 of the ,university
 of ,vermont1 is one of the few         
contemporary scholars1 whose names are  
likely to survive with those of the     
great teachers of past ages4 ,he has    
translated ,schilling's ,discourse on   
,fine ,arts1 and other shorter          
compositions from the ,german2 but his  
chief labor in this way is1 a most      
laborious and admirably executed version
 of ,neander's ,history of the          
,christian ,religion and ,church1       
published in ,boston1 and now being     
republished in ,london1 by ,bonn1 with  

,notes1 c41 by the ,rev4 ,a4 ,t4 ,w4    
,morison1 of ,trinity ,college1         
,cambridge4  ,neander has sometimes been
 called1 but with scarcely sufficient   
reason1 the ,niebuhr of ecclesiastical  
history4 ,the only point in which he    
resembles the historian of ,rome1 is in 
that vast range of complete erudition   
which makes the ,past in its minutest   
details as familiar as the ,present1    
which is never content with derivative  
information1 but traces back every      
tributary of the great stream of        
,history to its remotest accessible     
source4 ,in this respect the two eminent
 historians were alike1 but with this   
point of resemblance the similarity     
ends4 ,neander is entirely free from    
that necessity under which ,niebuhr     
labored1 of regarding every recorded    
aggregate of facts as a mass of error   
which the modern philosophy of history  
was either to decompose into a myth1 or 
reconstruct into a new form more        
consistent with preconceived theory4    

99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,works of ,,john ,c4 ,,calhoun will
 soon1 through the wise munificence of  
the state of ,south ,carolina1 be       
accessible by the students of political 
philosophy and history in a complete and
 suitable edition1 with such memoirs as 
are necessary for their illustration1   
and for the satisfaction of the natural 
curiosity respecting their illustrious  
author4 ,the first volume will comprise 
,mr4 ,calhoun's elaborate ,disquisition 
on ,government1 and a ,discourse on the 
,constitution and ,government of the    
,united ,states1 in which are displayed 
in a systematic manner the author's     
opinions upon the whole subject of the  
philosophy of government4 ,these        
treatises were begun many years ago1 and
 though they had not received the       
ultimate revision which was intended1   
they are very complete1 and by the      
careful and judicious editing of ,mr4   
,cralle1 his intimate friend and        
confidential secretary1 will perhaps    

appear as perfect in all their parts as 
if re-written by ,mr4 ,calhoun himself4 
,these are now nearly stereotyped2 and  
to correct some misapprehensions which  
seem to prevail in ,south ,carolina1 we 
state that only the stereotype plates   
are made in ,new-,york1 there being no  
foundries for stereotyping in           
,charleston1 where the book will be     
printed and published4 ,for this purpose
 the ,legislature has appropriated      
#aj1jjj1 which will meet the expenses   
for fifteen thousand copies of the first
 volume1 all but five hundred of which1 
printed on large paper1 for public      
libraries1 will be sold for the benefit 
of ,mr4 ,calhoun's family4 ,another     
volume will contain ,mr4 ,calhoun's     
official papers1 and another his        
,letters upon ,public ,affairs4 ,this1  
we think1 will be the most interesting  
of the series4 ,mr4 ,calhoun wrote      
always with sincerity and frankness1 and
 his communications to his friends      
contain1 much more than his speeches and

 state papers1 the exhibitions of his   
feeling1 his regrets1 fears1            
expectations1 and ambitions4 ,his       
speeches will probably make three       
volumes2 the collection formerly printed
 by the ,harpers did not embrace half of
 them2 many of them have never been     
printed at all1 but 7particularly some  
of his most elaborate performances      
previous to #ahag7 exist in carefully   
prepared manuscript reports4 ,all these 
speeches will be revised and illustrated
 by ,mr4 ,cralle3 and the series will be
 completed with the memoirs of the great
 senator1 for which that gentleman has  
the most ample and interesting          
materials4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,,archbishop ,,whateley',s 
very ingenious ,historical ,doubts      
,respecting ,napoleon ,bonaparte1 is the
 cleverest book of the kind yet written1
 not excepting the high church pamphlet 
treating of the ,archbishop's own       
existence in the same way4 ,but the idea
 was not original with ,whateley3 ,mr4  

,william ,biglow of ,boston wrote half a
 century ago1 ,the ,age of ,freedom1    
being an ,investigation of ,good and    
,bad ,government1 in ,imitation of ,mr4 
,paine's ,age of ,reason1 and intended1 
by a similar style of argument          
respecting the ,discovery of ,america1  
c41 to expose that infidel's            
sophistries4 ,we perceive that the ,life
 of ,jesus1 by ,dr4 ,strauss1 has been  
met by another such performance in      
,england1 under the title of ,historical
 ,certainties respecting the ,early     
,history of ,america1 developed in a    
,critical ,examination of the ,book of  
the ,chronicles of the ,land of ,ecnarf2
 ,by the ,rev4 ,aristarchus ,newlight1  
,doctor of ,philosophy of the           
,university of ,giessen1 ,corresponding 
,member of the ,theophilanthropic and   
,pantisocratical ,societies of ,leipsig1
 late ,professor of all ,religions in   
several distinguished ,academies at     
,home and ,abroad1 c4 ,the author very  
satisfactorily disposes of the events   

between the first ,french ,revolution   
and the ,battle of ,waterloo1 by putting
 them through the mythic circle invented
 by ,dr4 ,strauss4 ,the joke is carried 
out with remarkable ingenuity1 and with 
the most whimsical resources of         
learning4 ,the good doctor finds1 a la  
,strauss1 a nucleus1 for here and there 
a great tradition1 but remorselessly    
wipes out as altogether incredible many 
of the most striking and familiar facts 
in modern history4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,of ,mr4          
,,schoolcraft',s great work1 which we   
have heretofore announced1 the first    
part has just appeared from the press of
 ,lippencott1 ,grambo  ,co41 in the most
 splendid quarto volume that has yet    
been printed in ,america4 ,we shall take
 an early opportunity to do justice to  
this truly national performance and to  
its author4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,,dr4 ,,robert      
,,knox--whose book of infidel rigmarole1
 ,the ,races of ,men1 was lately        

reprinted by an ,american house which   
was never before and we trust will never
 again be guilty of such an             
indiscretion1--we understand is coming  
to ,new-,york to lecture upon           
,ethnology4 ,he has the gift of talking1
 and is said to have been popular as a  
demonstrator in anatomy2 but we think it
 will be best for him to remain a while 
longer in ,england2 the sham science of 
which his last book is a specimen is no 
longer1 we believe1 profitable in this  
country4 ,the last ,princeton ,review   
says of ,the ,races of ,men3       ,this
 book is fairly beneath argument or     
criticism4 ,it is a      curious medley 
of vanity1 ignorance1 malice1 and       
fanaticism4 ,at      first it provoked  
our indignation1 by the boldness and    
effrontery of its pretensions2 but their
 very extravagance soon      began to   
render them comical4 ,it claims to      
originate views      which are to       
overturn 'long received doctrines1      
national      prejudices1 stereotyped   

delusions1' c41 while any tolerable     
scholar in this department is perfectly 
familiar with them all      in the works
 of ,virey1 ,courtet1 ,bory de ,st4     
,vincent1 ,edwards1      ,la ,marck1    
,quetelet1 c4 ,it has not the slightest 
claim to      originality1 except for   
the ridiculous ingenuity1 with which it 
carries out the more cautious follies of
 these infidel      philosophers1 into  
the most glaring absurdities2 and sets  
their      ingenious physiological      
speculations1 in broad contradiction to 
the most authentic and unquestioned     
truths of history4 ,we      certainly   
should not have noticed this thing at   
all1 but for      two reasons4 ,in the  
first place1 this subject is now        
rendered      so interesting by the     
important bearings of modern            
ethnological      researches1 that some 
of our readers might be cheated by the  
mere title1 and by newspaper puffs1 out 
of the market price for      the book2  
and in the second place1 we wish to     

express our      surprise and lift up   
our remonstrance against such issues    
from      a quarter so respectable as   
that which has given this reprint       
to the ,american public4 ,whatever may  
be the social or      scientific        
standing of any influential publishing  
house1 we      must say1 that in our    
judgment they merit a deliberate rebuke 
from the true science of the country1   
for reprinting so crude      and        
wretched a performance1 to say nothing  
of the low malignity      which it vents
 against the ,christian sentiment and   
enterprise      of an age like the      
present1--and even against men1 who     
stand in      the front ranks of        
science1 because they happen to believe 
that      the scriptures are entitled to
 some respect1 as authentic             
records2 or that other races of men are 
capable of being      ,christianized1   
beside the ,teutonic4 ,cuvier was an    
ignorant and      stubborn dogmatist1   
whose era is now past for ever4         

,buckland      was an ingenious priest  
and ,jesuit2 and even ,newton's brain   
was      turned by chronology4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,,mr4 ,,boker',s tragedy of ,colaynos1  
has just been produced at the           
,walnut-st4 ,theatre in ,philadelphia1  
and extremely well received4 ,it had    
indeed a successful run4 ,the           
,betrothal1 which in our last we omitted
 to notice1 is1 we understand1 to be    
brought out under the auspices of       
,charles ,kean1 in ,london4 ,mr4 ,b4 has
 yet another comedy quite finished1     
which will soon be performed in         
,new-,york4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,a ,,letter         
purporting to be by ,general            
,,washington1 and bearing date          
,cambridge1 ,june #bd1 #aggf1 was read  
before the ,new-,jersey ,historical     
,society a few weeks ago2 the thanks of 
the ,society were voted to ,mr4         
,chetwood for it2 and the ,literary     
,world characterizes it as interesting1 

admirable1 c4 ,the ,literary ,world does
 not1 we believe1 pretend to be an      
authority in such matters1 but that a   
historical society should receive such a
 gross imposition is somewhat           
surprising4 ,the letter is as much a    
forgery and imposture as the exceedingly
 interesting letter from ,general       
,washington to his wife1 published a few
 months ago in the ,day ,book4 ,without 
going into any further statement or     
argument on this subject1 it may be     
sufficient to remark1 that ,washington  
was not within two hundred miles of     
,cambridge on the #bdth of ,june1 #aggf4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,,the ,,rev4 ,,henry ,w4 ,,ducachet1
 ,d4,d41 the learned rector of ,st4     
,stephen's1 in ,philadelphia1 has been  
several years engaged upon a ,dictionary
 of the ,church1 which is now nearly    
ready for publication4 ,such a work is  
properly but a system and history of    
doctrine and ritual1 in a form suited   
for the readiest consultation1 and it   

demands1 therefore1 for its successful  
accomplishment1 the highest and rarest  
faculties and acquisitions4 ,dr4        
,ducachet possesses in a very eminent   
degree1 not only the requisite knowledge
 and judgment1 but he has a certain     
temperament and felicity1 with a love of
 and skill in dialectics1 which promise 
even to the articles for a dictionary1  
from his hand1 the utmost raciness and  
attractive interest4 ,we understand this
 work will be very complete and         
voluminous4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,the ,poems of      
,edith ,may1 the finest artist among the
 literary women of this country1 are to 
be published in a very beautiful edition
 next summer by ,e4 ,h4 ,butler of      
,philadelphia4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,,the ,,american  
,,philosophical ,,society1 which on     
account of some unfortunate investments 
of its capital1 has for several years   
been compelled to suspend its           
publications1 is now1 we are gratified  

to be informed1 again in a good         
financial condition1 and new volumes of 
its important ,transactions are in the  
press4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,,professor ,,hows1 during 
the last month1 has given a very        
interesting series of readings from     
,shakspeare1 in which he has displayed  
not only the finest capacity for        
histrionic effect1 but a critical       
sagacity1 and a thorough knowledge of   
the greatest of the poets1 which justify
 his own reputation4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,,mr4      
,,redfield has in press ,the ,celestial 
,telegraph1 or ,secrets of the ,life to 
,come1 revealed through ,magnetism1 by  
,m4 ,cahagnet1 a book of the class of   
,mrs4 ,crowe's ,night ,side of ,nature2 
and ,the ,volcano ,diggings1 a ,tale of 
,california ,law1 by a member of the    
,bar4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,we believe it is about six
 years since the ,rev4 ,,william ,w4    
,,lord1 then a resident graduate at     

,princeton ,college1 published the      
volume of poems by which he was         
introduced to the literary world4 ,that 
book had various and striking merits1   
and though it had many defects in an    
artistic point of view1 upon the whole  
it illustrated a just apprehension of   
the poetic principle1 and such          
capacities for execution as justified   
the sanguine hopes it occasioned among  
his friends of his future eminence in   
the highest and finest of the arts4     
,from that time until the present1 ,mr4 
,lord has not appeared as an author2 but
 the leisure that could be withdrawn    
from professional study has been devoted
 to the composition of ,christ in       
,hades1 7,appleton  ,co47 a poem        
displaying his best abilities in art1   
while it is a suitable offering to      
religion4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,it was my purpose1 he     
says1 in undertaking this work1 to give 
poetic form1 design1 and history to the 
descent of ,christ into hell2 a fact    

that has for so many ages attracted the 
curiosity of the human mind1 as to      
furnish occasion for surprise that the  
attempt has not hitherto been made4 ,as 
regards the end for which ,he descended1
 ,i have adhered to the ,christian      
tradition that it was to free the souls 
of the ancient saints confined in the   
temporal paradise of the ,under-world1  
embracing also in my design the less    
general opinion1 that it was to         
demonstrate ,his universal supremacy by 
appearing among the damned4  ,a source  
of additional human interest was        
suggested by the relation which men1 as 
a distinct order of beings1 might be    
supposed to sustain to demons in the    
place of their common doom1 and under   
new conditions of existence2 such1 ,i   
conceived1 as would make it possible in 
some degree to realize even the divine  
fictions of the ,greek mythology1 under 
the forms and with the attributes       
accorded them by ancient religions1 and 
by the poetry of all time4 ,this could  

not fail to suggest the further         
conception of introducing the divinities
 of our forefathers1 and of other great 
families of mankind1 thus bringing      
together in action and contrast the     
deified men1 or various representatives 
of an heroic humanity1 among different  
races3 nor did it seem too great a      
stretch of imaginative probability to   
conceive that their general             
characteristics might be adopted and    
imitated by beings already invested by  
the human mind with an indefinite power1
 and inhabiting a world in which the    
wonderful becomes the probable4  ,but it
 is1 after all1 the general purpose of  
exhibiting the triumph of moral power   
over all physical and inferior spiritual
 force1 in the descent of ,christ into  
hell1 which gives my design the complex 
character of a mythic1 heroic1 and      
,christian poem1 and1 at the same time1 
constitutes the unity of its parts4 ,the
 ancients1 whose representative types ,i
 introduce1 knew and appreciated but two

 kinds of power1 brute or physical1 and 
spiritual1 including all occult and     
supernatural efficacy1 and strength of  
intellect and will4 ,virtue1 triumphant 
by the aid of adventitious force1 or    
relying upon unconquerable pride and    
disdain to resist it1 was the highest   
reach of their dynamic conceptions4     
,moral power is properly a ,christian   
idea4 ,it is not1 therefore1 without    
what ,i conceive to be a true as well as
 a poetic apprehension of the design of 
the ,descent into ,hell1 that the heroes
 of profane1 and the not fabulous       
,titans of sacred antiquity1 by their   
rivalries and contentions1 brought      
together in arms for a trial of their   
comparative strength1 are suddenly      
confronted with a common and dissimilar 
antagonist1 and 'all strength1 all      
terror1 single or in bands1 that ever   
was put forth' opposed to that novel1   
and1 save in the ,temptation1 hitherto  
untested power1 represented by ,christ1 
the author of the theory and master of  

the example4  ,he is not supposed to    
appear among them 'grasping in his hand 
ten thousand thunders1' but endued with 
an equal power1 the result and          
expression of perfect virtue and        
rightful authority4 ,his triumph is     
attributed neither to natural1 nor to   
supernatural power2 but to moral        
superiority1 evincing itself in ,his    
aspect1 and exercising its omnipotence  
upon the soul and conscience4 ,that in  
the conception of a great ,christian    
poet1 ,his appearance among the rebel   
angels in ,heaven was distinguished by  
the former attributes1 is due1 perhaps1 
to the heroic prejudice of a mind       
thoroughly imbued with the spirit of    
pagan writers1 and of the ,hebrew       
,scriptures4  ,the volume opens with    
this noble invocation1 in which there is
 fit recognition of ,dante and ,milton1 
whose lips aforetime for such song had  
been touched by the divinest fire3      
,thou of the darkness and the fire1 and 
fame     ,avenged by misery and the     

,orphic doom1     ,bard of the          
tyrant-lay6 whom dreadless wrongs1      
,impatient1 and pale thirst for justice 
drove1     ,a visionary exile1 from the 
earth1     ,to seek it in its iron      
reign--,o stern6     ,and not accepting 
sympathy1 accept     ,a not presumptious
 offering1 that joins     ,that region  
with a greater name3 ,and thou1     ,of 
my own native language1 ,o dread bard6  
,who1 amid heaven's unshadowed light1 by
 thee     ,supremely sung1              
abidest--shouldst thou know     ,who on 
earth with thoughts of thee erects      
,and purifies his mind1 and1 but by     
thee1     ,awed by no fame1 boldened by 
thee1 and awed--     ,not with thy      
breadth of wing1 yet with the power     
,to breathe the region air--attempts the
 height     ,where never ,scio's singing
 eagle towered1     ,nor that           
high-soaring ,theban moulted plume1     
,hear thou my song6 hear1 or be deaf1   
who may4        ,and if not rashly1 or  
too soon1 ,i heed     ,the impulse1 but 

have waited on my heart     ,with       
patience1 and its utterance stilled with
 awe     ,oh what inspired it1 till ,i  
felt it beat     ,true cadence to       
unconquerable strains2     ,oh1 then may
 she first wooed from heaven by prayer  
,from thy pure lips1 and sympathy       
austere     ,with suffering1 and the    
sight of solemn age1     ,and thy gray  
,homer's head1 with darkness bound1     
,to me descend1 more near1 as ,i am far 
,beneath thee1 and more need her aiding 
wing4        ,oh1 not again invoked in  
vain1 descend1     ,urania6 and eyes    
with common light     ,more blinded than
 were his by ,heaven's hand     ,imposed
 to intercept distracting rays1         
,bathe in the vision of transcendent    
day2     ,and of the human senses 7the  
dark veil     ,before the world of      
spirit drawn7 remove     ,the dim       
material hindrance1 and illume2         
,that human thought again may dare      
behold     ,the shape and port of       
spirits1 and once more     ,hear voices 

in that distant1 shadowy world1     ,to 
which ourselves1 and this1 are shadows1 
they     ,the substance1 immaterial     
essence pure--     ,souls that have     
freed their slave1 and given back       
,its force unto the elements1 the dread 
,manes1 or the more dread ,archetypes of
 men3     ,like whom in featured        
reason's shape--like whom     ,created  
in the mould of ,god--they fell1        
,and mixed with them in common ruin1    
made     ,one vast and many-realmed     
world1 and shared     ,their deep       
abodes--their endless exile1 some1--    
,some to return to the ethereous light  
,when one of human form1 a ,savior-,man 
,almighty1 not in deity alone1     ,but 
mightier than all angels in the might   
,and guard of human innocence preserved1
     ,should freely enter their dark    
empire--these     ,to loose1 o'er those 
to triumph2 this the theme1     ,the    
adventure1 and the triumph of my song4  
,the ,fine ,arts4   ,,leutze',s         
,,washington ,,crossing ,,the           

,,delaware4--,our readers are aware of  
the accident by fire which happened some
 months since to ,leutze's              
nearly-finished picture of ,washington  
,crossing the ,delaware1 in consequence 
of which he abandoned it to the         
underwriters1 intending to commence the 
work anew for the party from which he   
had received the order to paint it4 ,the
 underwriters have accordingly paid the 
insurance1 and are now exhibiting the   
picture in its incomplete state to the  
public of ,cologne1 where it meets with 
high approval4 ,the ,koelnische ,zeitung
 says of it3 ,in this picture the artist
 has depicted the events of the hour in 
which the destiny of the ,free ,states  
of ,north ,america was decided for      
centuries through the boldness of their 
courageous and prudent leader4 ,the     
means of continuing the war were almost 
exhausted2 the army threatened in a few 
days to dissolve itself2 the cause of   
freedom for that continent1 with its    
inestimable consequences for ancient    

,europe1 would have been postponed1 no  
one can tell how long1 perhaps for ever4
 ,then the great mind of ,washington    
conceived what the morally debased1     
reposing enemy thought impossible4 ,he  
crossed the ,delaware with his army in  
the night1 amid masses of floating ice1 
and1 in the twilight of morning1        
assailed the inactive camp on the other 
side4 ,the picture reproduces the moment
 when the great general1--ahead of the  
mass of the army1 which had also just   
embarked1 and part of which are passing 
off from the shore1 and part already    
struggling with the driving ice1--is    
steering to the opposite shore in a     
small boat1 surrounded by eleven heroic 
figures1 officers1 farmers1 soldiers1   
and boatmen4 ,the tall and majestic form
 of the man in whose hands at that hour 
lay the fate of millions1 rises from the
 group1 standing slightly bent1 forward1
 with one foot on the bottom of the     
boat1 the other on the forward bench4   
,his mild yet serious and commanding    

glance seems seeking to pierce the mist 
of the farther shore and discover the   
enemy1 while intimations of the future  
grandeur of his country rise upon his   
mind4 ,nothing of youthful rashness     
appears in the expression of this       
figure1 but the thoughtful artist has   
depicted the 'heart for any fate' of the
 general and statesman in noble1        
vigorous1 and faithful traits4 ,and what
 an impulse moves through the group of  
his companions6 ,their thought is1      
',forward1 invincibly forward1 for our  
country6' ,this is expressed in their   
whole bearing1 in every movement1 in the
 eyes and features of all4 ,under the   
influence of this thought they command  
the raging elements1 so that the masses 
of ice seem to dissolve before the will 
and energy of these men4 ,this is a     
picture by the sight of which1 in this  
weary and exhausted time1 one can       
recover health and strength4 ,let none  
miss a draught from such a goblet of    
nectar4 ,and while we are writing this1 

it occurs to us that it was at this very
 hour seventy-four years ago1 in the    
ice-cold night1 ,washington crossed the 
,delaware4 ,and amid the ominous        
concatenation of events which the weak  
mind calls accident1 but which the clear
 spirit1 whose eye rests on the whole   
world1 regards as the movement of nature
 according to eternal laws1 there rises 
from our soul the ardent prayer that    
,germany may soon find her ,washington6 
,honor and fame to the artist whose     
production has power to work upon the   
hearts and inflame the spirits of all   
that behold it6  ,messrs4 ,goupil  ,co4 
have purchased the duplicate of this    
work1 to be completed on the first of   
,july1 for seven thousand dollars4 ,the 
picture described was unfinished1 and   
has been exhibited by the underwriters1 
to whom it was given up after the fire4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,an ,italian picture dealer in ,london  
named ,campanari1 lately bought for a   
trifle a portrait which has proved to be

 a genuine ,michel ,angelo4 ,it         
represents the famous ,vittoria         
,colonna1 wife of the ,marchese         
,pescara1 the ,general of ,charles ,v4  
,she was herself distinguished as a     
poetess as well as by the impassioned   
love and adoration of the great painter1
 who not only took her portrait1 but    
left behind him several sonnets in her  
honor4 ,campanari1 though himself       
confident of the genuineness of the     
picture1 could not procure it to be     
recognized in ,england4 ,accordingly he 
sent it to ,rome1 where the ,academy of 
,san ,luca1 with ,minardi at its head1  
unanimously decided in its favor4 ,in   
fact1 it contains a grandeur and        
sublimity which could be ascribed to    
nobody but the author of the prophets   
and sibyls of the ,sistine ,chapel4 ,an 
antique repose is displayed in the whole
 work1 perfectly agreeing with the      
character of the lady as described by   
,michel ,angelo1 and which suits the    
advanced age at which she is painted4   

,the execution is like that of the      
picture in the ,florentine ,tribune1 in 
the wonderful facility of its execution4
 ,in the coloring a carnation hue is    
remarkable1 like that in ,michel        
,angelo's ,roman works4 ,the hands of   
the figure are thought to be by some    
other artist4 ,only the head and part of
 the person seem to be by the author4   
,the picture has suffered little from   
time1 some parts having apparently been 
repaired by a later pencil4 ,it is      
valued at #cj1jjj4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,,the ,,munich    
,,art-,,union gives to its subscribers  
for the next year a galvanograph of     
,rubens' ,columbus4 ,this is the first  
time that galvanography has been applied
 to such a purpose4 ,the plate from     
which the print is taken has been copied
 by the galvanoplastic process1 so that 
it can serve for other art-unions also4 
,for #ahea the ,munich ,union has       
decided on engraving four ,greek        
landscapes by ,c4 ,rottman4 ,these      

plates will also be copied by the same  
process1 and may be had at much less    
than the cost of original plates4       
,,goethe',s ,,opinion ,,of ,,byron1     
,,scott1 ,,and ,,carlyle4   ,mr4 ,john  
,oxenford1 who has shown remarkable     
capacities for appropriation1 in the use
 he has made of the labors of ,william  
,peter1 ,parke ,godwin1 and others1 in  
his various translations from the       
,german1 has recently fallen in with    
,margaret ,fuller d',ossoli's version of
 the ,conversations of ,goethe with     
,eckermann1 published many years ago by 
,mr4 ,ripley in his ,specimens of       
,foreign ,literature2 and the result is 
two volumes1 embracing1 with what       
,margaret ,fuller translated1 the great 
poet's conversations with ,soret4 ,among
 the chief notable men who existed at   
the time of the conversations1 and to   
whom reference is made1 are ,scott and  
,byron4 ,the first1 whose ,fair ,maid of
 ,perth is read as a new book1 is       
praised for his objective qualities4    

,the second is pronounced the greatest  
modern poet of ,england1 but censured   
for his polemic tendency4 ,goethe's     
rapture is kindled when he speaks of    
him3       ',lord ,byron1' said ,goethe1
 'is to be regarded as a man1 as an     
,englishman1 and as a great talent4 ,his
 good qualities belong      chiefly to  
the man1 his bad to the ,englishman and 
the peer1 his      talent is            
incommensurable4 ,all ,englishmen are1  
as such1 without      reflection1       
properly so called2 distractions and    
party spirit      will not permit them  
to unfold themselves in quiet4 ,but they
      are great as practical men4 ,thus1
 ,lord ,byron could never attain        
reflection on himself1 and on this      
account the maxims in      general are  
not successful1 as is shown by his      
creed1 'much      money1 no authority1' 
for much money always paralyzes         
authority4 ,but where he will create1 he
 always succeeds2 and we      may truly 
say that with him inspiration supplies  

the place of      reflection4 ,he was   
always obliged to go on poetizing1 and  
then      every thing that came from the
 man1 especially from his heart1        
was excellent4 ,he produced his best    
things1 as women do pretty              
children1 without thinking about it or  
knowing how it was done4      ,he is a  
great talent1 a born talent1 and ,i     
never saw the true      poetical power  
greater in any man than in him4 ,in the 
apprehension of external objects1 and a 
clear penetration into      past        
situations1 he is quite as great as     
,shakspeare4 ,but as a      pure        
individuality1 ,shakspeare is his       
superior4 ,this was felt      by ,byron1
 and on this account he does not say    
much of      ,shakspeare1 although he   
knows whole passages by heart4 ,he would
      willingly have denied him         
altogether1 for ,shakspeare's           
cheerfulness is in his way1 and he feels
 that he is no match      for it4 ,pope 
he does not deny1 for he had no cause to

 fear him4      ,on the contrary1 he    
mentions him1 and shows him respect when
 he      can1 for he knows well enough  
that ,pope is a mere foil to            
himself4'444       ,goethe seemed       
inexhaustible on the subject of ,byron1 
and ,i      felt that ,i could not      
listen enough4 ,after a few digressions1
      he proceeded thus3 ',his high rank
 as an ,english peer was very           
injurious to ,byron2 for every talent is
 oppressed by the outer      world1--how
 much more1 then1 when there are such   
high birth and      so great a fortune4 
,a certain middle rank is much more     
favorable to talent1 on which account we
 find all great artists      and poets  
in the middle classes4 ,byron's         
predilection for the      unbounded     
could not have been nearly so dangerous 
with more      humble birth and smaller 
means4 ,but as it was1 he was able to   
put every fancy into practice1 and this 
involved him in      innumerable        
scrapes4 ,besides1 how could one of such

 high rank      be inspired with awe and
 respect by any rank whatever8 ,he spoke
      out whatever he felt1 and this    
brought him into ceaseless      conflict
 with the world4 ,it is surprising to   
remark1' continued      ,goethe1 'how   
large a portion of the life of a rich   
,englishman      of rank is passed in   
duels and elopements4 ,lord ,byron      
himself      says1 that his father      
carried off three ladies4 ,and let any  
man      be a steady son after that4    
,properly speaking1 he lived            
perpetually in a state of nature1 and   
with his mode of      existence the     
necessity for self-defence floated daily
 before      his eyes4 ,hence his       
constant pistol-shooting4 ,every moment 
he      expected to be called out4 ,he  
could not live alone4 ,hence1 with      
all his oddities1 he was very indulgent 
to his associates4 ,he      one evening 
read his fine poem on the ,death of ,sir
 ,john ,moore1      and his noble       
friends did not know what to make of it4

 ,this did      not move him1 but he put
 it away again4 ,as a poet1 he really   
showed himself a lamb4 ,another would   
have commended them to the      devil4' 
,yet ,goethe had a curious theory in    
respect to criticism1 and believed it   
possible for a foreigner to understand  
the achievements of a language not his  
own better than those to whom it is     
native--in which we think he was        
partially correct4 ,in the following he 
criticises ,,carlyle4       ',sit down1'
 said he1 'and let us talk awhile4 ,a   
new      translation of ,sophocles has  
just arrived4 ,it reads well1 and       
seems to be excellent2 ,i will compare  
it with ,solgar4 ,now1 what      say you
 to ,carlyle8' ,i told him what ,i had  
been reading upon      ,fonque4 ',is not
 that very good8' said ,goethe4 ',aye1  
there are      clever people over the   
sea1 who know us and can appreciate     
us8444 ,we are weakest in the aesthetic 
department1 and may wait      long      
before we meet such a man as ,carlyle4  

,it is pleasant to      see that        
intercourse is now so close between the 
,french1      ,english1 and ,germans1   
that we shall be able to correct one    
another4 ,this is the greatest use of a 
world-literature1 which      will show  
itself more and more4 ,carlyle has      
written a life of      ,schiller1 and   
judged him as it would be difficult for 
a ,german      to judge him4 ,on the    
other hand1 we are clear about          
,shakspeare      and ,byron1 and can1   
perhaps1 appreciate their merits better 
than the ,english themselves4  ,carlyle 
is frequently referred to1 and always   
thus4 ,the clear-sighted1 great old man1
 already perceives how much his fame    
will owe to such an apostle and preacher
 of his faith--for he sees also what    
,carlyle himself will become4 ,the      
mention of ,lockhart is also very       
interesting4       ,i asked about       
,lockhart1 and whether he still         
recollected him4      ',perfectly well6'
 returned ,goethe4 ',his personal       

appearance      makes so decided an     
impression that one cannot easily forget
      him4 ,from all ,i hear from       
,englishmen1 and from my                
daughter-in-law1 he must be a young man 
from whom great things      in          
literature are to be expected4 ,i almost
 wonder that ,walter      ,scott does   
not say a word about ,carlyle1 who has  
so decided a      ,german tendency that 
he must certainly be known to him4 ,it  
is      admirable in ,carlyle that1 in  
his judgment of our ,german             
authors1 he has especially in view the  
mental and moral core      as that which
 is really influential4 ,carlyle is a   
moral force      of great importance4   
,there is in him much for the future1   
and      we cannot foresee what he will 
produce and effect4'  ,again3       ',it
 is pleasant to see1' said ,goethe1 'how
 the earlier      pedantry of the       
,scotch has changed into earnestness and
      profundity4 ,when ,i recollect how
 the ',edinburgh ,reviewers'            

treated my works not many years since1  
and when ,i now consider      ,carlyle's
 merits with respect to ,german         
literature1 ,i am      astonished at the
 important step for the better4 ,in     
,carlyle1'      said he1 ',i venerate   
most of all the mind and the character  
which lie at the foundation of his      
tendencies4 ,the chief point      with  
him is the culture of his own nation2   
and1 in the literary      productions of
 other countries1 which he wishes to    
make known      to his contemporaries1  
he pays less attention to the arts of   
talent1 than to the moral elevation     
which can be attained      through such 
works4 ,yes1' said ,goethe1 'the temper 
in which he      works is always        
admirable4 ,what an earnest man he is6  
and how      he has studied us ,germans6
 ,he is always more at home in our      
literature than ourselves4 ,at any rate 
we cannot vie with him      in our      
researches in ,english literature4'     
,,mr4 ,,kellogg',s ,,exploration ,,of   

,,mt4 ,,sinai4   ,the last volume of    
,bohn's ,illustrated ,library 7published
 in ,new-,york by ,bangs  ,brother71 is 
,scripture ,lands1 ,described in a      
,series of ,historical1 ,geographical1  
and ,topographical ,sketches1 by ,,john 
,,kitto1 ,d4,d41 ,f4,s4,a41 the         
well-known author of the ,dictionary of 
the ,bible1 c4 ,it embraces1 in a       
convenient and condensed form1 results  
of the most important recent            
investigations by travellers and        
scholars in the countries sacred for    
their connection with the history of    
true religion4 ,with other things by    
,americans1 ,dr4 ,kitto gives a         
prominent place to ,mr4 ,,miner ,k4     
,,kellogg',s account of ,mt4 ,sinai1    
which we reprint below2 and we cannot   
let the opportunity pass unimproved1 of 
expressing a hope that ,mr4 ,kellogg    
will prepare for the press the          
voluminous notes which we know him to   
possess of his various and interesting  
travels in the ancient world1 which he  

saw with the eye of an artist1 the head 
of a scholar1 and the heart of a        
,christian4 ,if he would1 he might give 
us a most delightful and instructive    
book upon the ,east1 and one that would 
be eminently popular1 though ,asia has  
been of all the continents the most     
frequently described4 ,dr4 ,kitto says3 
,at the foot of the pass which leads up 
to the sacred shrine beneath the awful  
mount1 from whose summit ,jehovah       
proclaimed his law to the trembling     
hosts of ,israel1 ,dr4 ,robinson        
says1--',we commenced the slow and      
toilsome ascent along the narrow defile1
 about south by east1 between blackened1
 shattered cliffs of granite1 some eight
 hundred feet high1 and not more than   
two hundred and fifty yards apart1 which
 every moment threatened to send down   
their ruins on our heads4 ,nor is this  
at all times an empty threat2 for the   
whole pass is filled with large stones  
and rocks1 the debris of these cliffs4  
,the bottom is a deep and narrow        

water-course1 where the wintry torrent  
sweeps down with fearful violence4 ,a   
path has been made for camels1 along the
 shelving rocks1 partly by removing the 
topmost blocks1 sometimes in the manner 
of a ,swiss mountain-road4 ,but though  
,i had crossed the most rugged passes of
 the ,alps1 and made from ,chamouni the 
whole circuit of ,mont ,blanc1 ,i had   
never found a path so rude and difficult
 as that we were now ascending4'  ,after
 toiling along for nearly two hours1 our
 travellers continue their narrative3   
',here the interior and lofty peaks of  
the great circle of ,sinai began to open
 upon us--black1 rugged1 desolate       
summits2 and1 as we advanced1 the dark  
and frowning front of ,sinai itself 7the
 present ,horeb of the monks7 began to  
appear4 ,we were gradually ascending1   
and the valley gradually opening2 but as
 yet all was a naked desert4            
,afterwards1 a few shrubs were sprinkled
 round about1 and a small encampment of 
black tents was seen on our right1 with 

camels and goats browsing1 and a few    
donkeys belonging to the convent4 ,the  
scenery through which we had now passed 
reminded me strongly of the mountains   
around the ,mer de ,glace in            
,switzerland4 ,i had never seen a spot  
more wild and desolate4  ',as we        
advanced1 the valley still opened wider 
and wider with a gentle ascent1 and     
became full of shrubs and tufts of      
herbs1 shut in on each side by lofty    
granite ridges1 and rugged1 shattered   
peaks1 a thousand feet high1 while the  
face of ,horeb rose directly before us4 
,both my companion and myself           
involuntarily exclaimed1 here is room   
enough for a large encampment6          
',reaching the top of the ascent or     
watershed1 a fine broad plain lay before
 us1 sloping down gently towards the    
south-south-east1 inclosed by rugged and
 venerable mountains of dark granite1   
stern1 naked1 splintered peaks1 and     
ridges of indescribable grandeur2 and   
terminated1 at a distance of more than a

 mile1 by the bold and awful front of   
,horeb1 rising perpendicularly in       
frowning majesty1 from twelve to fifteen
 hundred feet in height4 ,it was a scene
 of solemn grandeur1 wholly unexpected1 
and such as we had never seen2 and the  
associations which at the moment rushed 
upon our minds were almost              
overwhelming4'  ,they subsequently      
ascended the frowning summit of ,horeb1 
and sketched the scene from that        
point3--',the whole plain1 er-,rahah1   
lay spread out beneath our feet1 with   
the adjacent wadys and mountains2 while 
,wady esh-,sheikh on the right1 and the 
recess on the left1 both connected with 
and opening broadly from er-,rahah1     
presented an area which serves nearly to
 double that of the plain4  ',our       
conviction was strengthened that here1  
or on some of the adjacent cliffs1 was  
the spot where the ,lord descended in   
fire1 and proclaimed the law4 ,here lay 
the plain where the whole congregation  
might be assembled2 here was the mount  

that could be approached1 if not        
forbidden2 and here the mountain brow1  
where alone the lightning and the thick 
cloud would be visible1 and the thunders
 and the voice of the trump be heard1   
when the ,lord came down in the sight of
 all the people upon ,mount ,sinai4     
',we gave ourselves up to the           
impressions of the awful scene2 and     
read1 with a feeling that will never be 
forgotten1 the sublime account of the   
transactions1 and the commandments there
 promulgated1 in the original words as  
recorded by the great ,hebrew           
legislator4'  ,other travellers have    
explored a valley on the southern base  
of ,sinai1 which was shut out from the  
view of ,dr4 ,robinson in his ascent by 
a long ridge of rocks1 and which has    
been found1 by measurement of ,krafft   
and ,strauss1 and others1 to be even    
greater than the valley of er-,rahah on 
the north4 ,this1 it is supposed by     
,ritter and others1 may have been       
occupied by the ,israelites at the      

giving of the ,law4 ,the locality of    
this tremendous scene may perhaps be    
determined by future researches4  ,an   
,american artist and scholar1 ,mr4 ,m4  
,k4 ,kellogg1 has lately given an       
interesting account of this valley1     
which appears to be much more extensive 
than er-,rahah1 and better suited for   
the accommodation of the immense camp of
 ,israel4 ,to reach this station1 the   
,israelites must have continued their   
march much further down the coast than  
on the other supposition1 and turned at 
a bolder angle up into the mountains    
near the modern town of ,tur or ,tor4   
,dophkah1 ,alush1 and ,rephidim1 must   
also1 on this supposition1 be           
transferred to other localities         
corresponding with this supposed line of
 march4  ,if there be such a valley at  
the southern base of ,sinai1 it seems   
very extraordinary that it should have  
escaped the notice of travellers4 ,it   
must be visible from the summit of      
,sinai 7,jebel ,musa72 but1 seen only   

from that lofty summit1 and running in  
an irregular line at the very base of   
the mountain1 they must have overlooked 
it in their brief survey of the scenery1
 so grand1 so gloomy and peculiar1 which
 there engaged their contemplation4 ,the
 subject1 however1 is so curious and    
interesting1 that we insert in some     
detail the narrative of the ,american   
traveller to which these remarks refer4 
',having read a letter which appeared in
 the ,literary ,world,f of the #bjth    
,november1 from ,dr4 ,ritter to ,dr4    
,robinson1 in which it is said that     
,laborde1 in his ,commentary has now for
 the first time established the plain of
 ,wady ,sebaiyeh at the southern base of
 ,sinai2 and that this furnishes an     
important point for the elucidation of  
the giving of the ,law1 ,i have been    
induced to submit to the consideration  
of the public1 some of the notes from a 
journal which ,i kept during my travels 
in that region in the spring of         
#ahdd4;,g  ',although ,i have not yet   

seen the ,commentaries of ,laborde1 and 
therefore cannot judge of their         
correctness in regard to this plain1 yet
 ,i am happy in being able to furnish   
some testimony as to its existence and  
extent4 ,within the last few years a    
question has arisen as to the existence 
of a plain in front of ,mount ,sinai1   
capable of containing the multitude of  
,israelites who were to receive the     
commandments4  ',dr4 ,robinson is the   
first1 ,i believe1 who has attempted to 
prove that no such plain exists4 ,in his
 ,researches he finds a plain at the    
north-east extremity of the mountain    
called er-,rahah1 which he says was the 
plain where the congregation of ,israel 
were assembled1 and that the mountain   
impending over it1 the present ,horeb1  
was the scene of the awful phenomena in 
which the ,law was proclaimed4  ',he    
says he was satisfied1 after much       
inquiry1 that in no other quarter of the
 peninsula1 and certainly not around any
 of the higher peaks1 is there a spot   

corresponding in any degree1 so fully as
 this1 to the historical account1 and to
 the circumstances of the case4         
,starting upon the hypothesis that there
 is no other plain than the one he      
describes1 he has been obliged to give  
the name of ,sinai to one of the peaks  
which overlook this plain1 in order that
 the ,israelites might witness the awful
 ceremonies attending the promulgation  
of the ,law which took place upon the   
holy mountain4 ,if this hypothesis is   
founded on truth1 then tradition is at  
fault1 which has given to another part  
of this region the name of ,sinai1 and a
 capacious plain beneath it2 we must    
throw aside all our faith in such       
tradition1 and commence investigations  
which shall elicit the whole truth upon 
the subject4  ',as many late travellers 
have been led into error respecting the 
topography of this district1 by         
adopting1 without investigation1 the    
conclusions of ,dr4 ,robinson1 ,i feel  
it to be a duty to lay before you such  

facts as may be of service to those who 
shall hereafter journey into the        
wilderness of ,sinai4  ',on the #fth day
 of ,march1 #ahdd1 my two companions set
 out from the convent at ,mount ,sinai1 
for the purpose of ascending the        
mountain ,st4 ,catharine4 ,i declined   
going with them1 partly through         
indisposition1 and partly because ,i    
thought ,i could spend the day more     
usefully in making sketches in the      
neighboring convent4 ,after my friend's 
departure with the guides1 ,i took a    
little ,arab boy with me to carry my    
sketch-book and water-bottle1 and walked
 up ,wady ,shueib1 until ,i came to the 
little ,mountain of the ,cross 7,neja71 
which almost shuts up the passage into  
,wady ,sebaiyeh1 and where ,i had1 for  
the first time1 a view of the southern  
face of ,mount ,sinai4 ,here opened an  
extended picture of the mountains lying 
to the south of the ,sinaite range1 for 
,i was now some three hundred feet above
 the adjacent valleys4  ',after much    

difficulty1 ,i succeeded in climbing    
over immense masses of granite1 to the  
side of the ,mountain of the ,cross1    
which ,i ascended about five hundred    
feet on its south-western face1 in order
 to obtain a good view of the peak of   
,sinai1 which ,i was anxious to sketch4 
,here1 close at my right1 arose1 almost 
perpendicularly1 the ,holy ,mountain2   
its shattered pyramidal peak towering   
above me some #adjj feet1 of a brownish 
tint1 presenting vertical strata of     
granite1 which threw off the glittering 
rays of the morning sun4 ,clinging      
around its base was a range of sharp1   
upheaving crags1 from one hundred to two
 hundred feet in height1 which formed an
 almost impassable barrier to the       
mountain itself from the valley         
adjoining4 ,these crags were separated  
from the mountain by a deep and narrow  
gorge1 yet they must be considered as   
forming the projecting base of ,sinai4  
',directly in front of me was a level   
valley1 stretching onward to the south  

for two or three miles1 and inclosed on 
the east1 west1 and south by low        
mountains of various altitudes1 all much
 less1 however1 than that of ,sinai4    
,this valley passed behind the ,mountain
 of the ,cross to my left1 and out of   
view1 so that ,i could not calculate its
 northern extent from where ,i stood4   
,the whole scene was one of             
inexpressible grandeur and solemnity1   
and ,i seated myself to transfer some of
 its remarkable features to the pages of
 my portfolio4  ',i remained at work    
until nearly sunset1 when ,i discovered 
people coming towards me through the    
dark ravine between the mountain of     
,sinai and the craggy spurs which shoot 
up around its base4 ,i feared they might
 prove to be unfriendly ,arabs2 but1 as 
they came nearer ,i discovered them to  
be my companions and their guides1 who  
were returning from ,mount ,st4         
,catharine4 ,as the shades of evening   
were approaching1 ,i shut up my         
portfolio1 and descending the hillside1 

,i joined my friends1 and we returned   
together to the convent4 ,after dinner1 
they desired to see what ,i had done    
during the day1 and my sketch-book was  
opened to them4 ,they remarked1 on      
seeing the drawing ,i had made1 that as 
there was no plain on the southern      
border of the mountain1 ,i might as well
 have left out the one seen in the      
drawing4 ,after my assurance that ,i had
 copied what was before me1 they        
laughed1 and remarked that none but a   
painter's imagination could have seen   
the plain in question1 for they had     
passed entirely around the mountain that
 day1 and could assert positively that  
there was no such plain4 ,here was a    
difference of opinion certainly1 and one
 that ,i did not relish much1 as it     
might at some future time be the means  
of creating a doubt as to the           
faithfulness of my eastern drawings4 ,i 
begged them1 therefore1 to accompany me 
the next day to that side of the        
mountain1 and be convinced of what ,i   

told them4 ,they remarked that all      
authority was against me1 and time was  
too precious to go over the same ground 
twice4'  ,it seems that one of them1    
however1 accompanied the writer in his  
further exploration of the ensuing day1 
for he uses the plural number1 and      
speaks of his 'friend4' ,we thus        
condense his statements3 ,one day 7#gth 
,march7 is described as having been     
spent in ,wady es-,sabaiyeh1 or the     
plain before ,mount ,sinai4 ,after      
having penetrated into this wady1 he    
says3 ',we took our course along the    
base of ,jebel ,deir1 until we came to a
 point whence the peak of ,sinai was no 
longer visible1 because of the          
intervening point of ,jebel ,deir2 then 
striking across ,sebaiyeh to the right1 
keeping ,sinai in view1 we stopped to   
contemplate the scene4 ,here the plain  
is very wide1 and forms one with ,wady  
,sedout1 which enters it from the       
south-east at a very acute angle1 and in
 the whole of which ,sinai is plainly   

visible4 ,these two wadys make a width  
of at least the third of a mile4 ,the   
hills rising from the east and south of 
,sebaiyeh1 in front of ,sinai1 are of   
gentle ascent1 upon which flocks might  
feed1 and the people stand in full view 
of ,sinai4 ,for many miles1 perhaps six 
or more1 on the eastern border of this  
plain1 are seen many small plains high  
up among the hills1 from all of which   
,sinai is plainly visible4 ,near where  
we stood1 a high1 rocky platform of     
granite arose from the plain1 upon which
 ,i seated myself1 and took a sketch of 
the valley to its junction with ,wady   
esh-,sheikh on the north1 where stands  
,jebel ,fureia1 a very conspicuous and  
singular mountain4 ,at this point1 ,wady
 ,sheikh turns from its eastern course1 
after leaving ,wady ,rahah1 and runs    
north around ,jebel ,fureia1 where it   
receives ,sebaiyeh from the south1 and  
with it forms one unbroken plain for    
about twelve miles to the north of the  
place where ,i was seated4 ,turning back

 now to the south1 we traversed the     
plain towards the base of ,sinai4 ,the  
wady grew gently narrower as we         
approached ,neja1 whose base projected  
far into the plain1 and whose head shuts
 off the view of ,sinai for a distance  
of about one-half the width of the plain
 at its base4  ',as we passed its foot1 
,sinai again appeared1 and we measured  
the plain near the pathway which leads  
up towards ,sinai on the southern border
 of ,neja1 and which appears to be the  
only entrance to the ,holy ,mountain4   
,the measured width here was four       
hundred and thirty feet4 ,passing on    
three hundred and forty-five paces1 we  
arrived at the narrowest part of the    
plain1 some few yards narrower than     
where we had measured it4 ,this may be  
considered as an entrance-door to the   
plain1 which lies directly in front of  
,sinai1 which now spreads out level1    
clear1 and broad1 going on to the south 
with varied widths for about three miles
 on gently ascending ground1 where it   

passes between two sloping hills and    
enters another wady which descends      
beyond1 from which it is most probable  
,sinai may yet be clearly seen4  ',on   
the east1 this plain of ,sebaiyeh is    
bounded by mountains having long1       
sloping bases1 and covered with wild    
thyme and other herbs1 affording a good 
tenting-ground immediately fronting     
,sinai1 which forms1 as it were1 a grand
 pyramidal pulpit to the magnificent    
amphitheatre below4 ,the width of the   
plain immediately in front of ,sinai is 
about #afjj feet1 but further south the 
width is much increased1 so that on an  
average the plain may be considered as  
being nearly one-third of a mile wide1  
and its length1 in view of ,mount       
,sinai1 between five and six miles4 ,the
 good tenting-ground on the mountain    
sides mentioned above1 would give much  
more space for the multitude on the     
great occasion for which they were      
assembled4 ,this estimate does not      
include that part of the plain to the   

north1 and ,wady esh-,sheikh1 from which
 the peak of ,sinai is not visible2 for 
this space would contain three or four  
times the number of people which        
,sebaiyeh would hold4  ',from ,wady     
,sebaiyeh we crossed over the granite   
spurs1 in order to pass around the      
southern border of ,sinai into ,wady    
,lejah4 ,these spurs are of sufficient  
size to have separate names among the   
,arabs4 ,around them were generally deep
 and rugged gorges and ravines1 or      
water-courses1 whose sides were formed  
of ledges of granite nearly             
perpendicular1 of a pink color1 and fine
 texture4 ,there are no gravel hills1 as
 mentioned by ,dr4 ,robinson1 but a     
series of low granite hills1 much broken
 up1 and of different colors1           
principally of a greenish-gray and      
brown4 ,the plain is covered with a fine
 debris of granite4 ,whilst crossing    
over these low hills1 my friend pointed 
out the path between them and ,sinai1 in
 the ravine1 through which he had passed

 yesterday on his return from ,st4      
,catharine2 and it was seen that no     
plain would be visible from any part of 
it1 owing to the height of the spurs    
which separated the ravine from         
,sebaiyeh1 and we concluded that most   
travellers had been led into false views
 concerning this part of the mountain   
from having taken the same path1 and    
hence it was that no account has been   
given respecting the plain of ,sebaiyeh4
 ,this ravine around ,sinai becomes a   
deep impassable gorge1 with             
perpendicular walls1 as it enters ,wady 
,lejah1 passing through the high neck   
connecting with the mountain on the     
south4  ',descending into ,lejah1 under 
the rocky precipice of ,sinai1 we found 
the wady narrow and choked up with huge 
blocks of granite which had tumbled from
 the sides of the adjacent mountains4   
,we could now see the olive-ground of   
the deserted convent of el-,arbain1     
situated in the bottom of the narrow    
valley4 ,passing through this garden1 we

 found a fine running stream of crystal 
water1 of which we partook freely1 for  
our thirst was great4 ,the garden was   
walled1 and well irrigated by many small
 canals1 but nothing seemed to flourish 
but the olive4  ',continuing down the   
valley1 amidst loose rocks of granite1  
upon some of which were inscriptions in 
the ,sinaite1 ,greek1 and ,arabic       
characters1 and enjoying the wildness of
 the scene1 and the gloomy grandeur of  
the lofty mountains of naked rocks which
 almost overhung our path1 we saw ,horeb
 on our right1 and soon entered upon the
 plain before it called ,wady ,rahah4   
,after taking a view of ,horeb as the   
sun was setting1 we made our way to the 
convent1 to pass the night within its   
hospitable walls4 ,thus was completed a 
walk around the whole mountain of       
,sinai4  ',the results of these         
investigations1 together with the       
information afforded by ,burckhardt and 
other travellers1 have served to        
convince my own mind that this district 

is every way adapted to the             
circumstances attending the encampment  
of the ,israelites during the           
promulgation of the law upon ,mount     
,sinai ,though other mountains in this  
vicinity may answer as well as that of  
,jebel ,musa for this great purpose1    
still ,i cannot see any good reason for 
taking from this mountain that holy     
character with which tradition has      
invested it for the last fifteen        
centuries4'  ,thus1 says ,dr4 ,kitto1 it
 seems that the question as to the      
camping-ground of the ,israelites1 which
 seemed to have been settled by the     
researches of ,dr4 ,robinson and others1
 must now be regarded as re-opened for  
further investigations4 ,the fact is1   
that a complete and careful survey of   
the whole of this central mountain      
region yet remains to be taken4  ,the   
friend of ,mr4 ,kellogg alluded to in   
the preceding pages was an ,english     
gentleman1 ,mr4 ,ackanth1 7of the ,east 
,india ,service17 whose notes will amply

 vindicate ,mr4 ,kellogg's conclusions4 
,,footnotes3  ,f ,the ,literary ,world  
at that period was edited by the able1  
candid1 and universally beloved ,c4,f4  
,hoffman4--7,ed4 ,int47  ,g ,the writer 
seems not to have been aware that this  
still leaves the priority to            
,laborde--whose journey was undertaken  
even earlier than that of ,robinson1 and
 whose really valuable work1            
,commentaire ,geographique sur l',exode 
et les ,nombres1 which now lies before  
us1 was published in the very year of   
,mr4 ,kellogg's journey1 #ahdd4 ,this   
work certainly forms the best literary  
result of ,laborde's celebrated journey4
     ,,lafayette1 ,,talleyrand1         
,,metternich1 ,,and ,,napoleon4         
,sketched ,by ,lord ,holland4,h   ,lord 
,holland1 says the ,examiner1 has been  
induced by the recent events on the     
,continent to publish what his father   
had written on foreign politics4 ,if not
 wholly impartial1 the present ,lord    
,holland remarks of his father1 he is   

acknowledged by all who knew him to have
 been as candid as he was benevolent4   
,he might have said more than           
this--indeed far more than it might have
 been quite becoming in a son to say4   
,the late ,lord ,holland was a noble    
example of the highest and best traits  
of the ,english character4 ,throughout  
his public life he was the champion of  
all just causes2 the friend of all who  
fairly sought redress2 the fearless     
advocate of liberty1 religious and      
civil1 in days disastrous to both2 a    
statesman of singular courage and       
consistency1 a most accomplished        
gentleman and scholar4 ,he had learning 
without pedantry1 and wit without       
ill-nature4 ,his sweetness of temper and
 fascinating grace of manner had been   
commemorated by many distinguished men  
who had felt their winning potency and  
charm4 ,but above all he had a store of 
observation and anecdote of the richest 
kind1 and a power of applying it with   
surprising felicity to whatever subject 

might be under discussion4 ,this book is
 a delightful surviving proof of that   
quality in his character4 ,its anecdotes
 are told with a charming ease and      
fulness of knowledge4 ,no one so quickly
 as ,lord ,holland detected the notable 
points1 whether of a book or a man1 or  
turned them to such happy account4 ,we  
do not read a page of this volume       
without feeling that a supreme master of
 that exquisite art is speaking to us4  
,it comprises recollections of the      
scenes and actors in the stirring drama 
which was played out on the ,continent  
between #agia and #ahae4 ,it opens with 
the death of ,mirabeau and closes with  
the death of ,napoleon4 ,france1        
,denmark1 ,prussia1 and ,spain are the  
countries principally treated of4 ,lord 
,holland's first visit to ,france was in
 #agia1 just after the death of         
,mirabeau and the disastrous flight to  
,varennes4 ,,lafayette seems to have    
been more disposed than any other public
 actor in the revolution to put faith in

 the king even after that incident1 and 
his confidence won over the young       
,english traveller4 ,but the weakness as
 well as strength of ,lafayette is well 
hit off4  ,lafayette was1 however1 then 
as always1 a pure disinterested man1    
full of private affection and public    
virtue1 and not devoid of such talents  
as firmness of purpose1 sense of honor1 
and earnestness of zeal will1 on great  
occasions1 supply4 ,he was indeed       
accessible to flattery1 somewhat too    
credulous1 and apt to mistake the forms1
 or1 if ,i may so phrase it1 the        
pedantry of liberty for the substance1  
as if men could not enjoy any freedom   
without subscribing to certain abstract 
principles and arbitrary tests1 or as if
 the profession and subscription1 nay1  
the technical observance of such tests  
and principles1 were not1 on the other  
hand1 often compatible with practical   
oppression and tyranny4  ,,marie        
,,antoinette is treated almost as badly 
as by ,mr4 ,geffeson1 who thought her a 

devil1 far less tenderly than we should 
have expected4 ,her amours are spoken   
of1 though with the limitation that they
 were not numerous1 scandalous1 or      
degrading4 ,we gather that ,talleyrand  
believed her to have been guilty in a   
special instance named1 and that ,madame
 ,champan had confessed it to him4 ,at  
the same time her person is not very    
flatteringly described4  ,as ,i was not 
presented at ,court1 ,i never saw the   
,queen but at the play-house4 ,she was  
then in affliction1 and her countenance 
was1 no doubt1 disfigured by long       
suffering and resentment4 ,i should not1
 however1 suppose that the habitual     
expression of it1 even in happier       
seasons1 had ever been very agreeable4  
,her beauty1 however extolled1          
consisted1 ,i suspect1 exclusively in a 
fair skin1 a straight person1 and a     
stately air1 which her admirers termed  
dignity1 and her enemies pride and      
disdain4 ,her total want of judgment and
 temper no doubt contributed to the     

disasters of the ,royal ,family1 but    
there was no member of it to whom the   
public was uniformly so harsh and       
unjust1 and her trial and death were    
among the most revolting parts of the   
whole catastrophe4 ,she was indeed      
insensible when led to the scaffold2 but
 the previous persecution which she     
underwent was base1 unmanly1 cruel1 and 
ungenerous to the last degree4  ,on the 
other hand1 a better case is made out   
for ,egalite than any writer has yet    
been bold enough1 or informed enough1 to
 attempt4 ,his false position with the  
,court is shown not to have been of his 
own seeking1 and to have ultimately     
driven him reluctantly into the ranks of
 the extreme party4 ,his courage is     
vindicated successfully1 his sincerity  
and truthfulness less so4 ,lord ,holland
 retained his regard for the ,orleans   
family to the close of his life4 ,he was
 one of the warmest defenders of the    
late ,king of the ,french4 ,there are   
some capital notices of ,,tallyrand4    

,it was in this visit to ,paris in      
#agia1 that ,i first formed acquaintance
 with ,m4 ,talleyrand4 ,i have seen him 
in most of his vicissitudes of fortune2 
from his conversation ,i have derived   
much of the little knowledge ,i possess 
of the leading characters in ,france    
before and during the ,revolution4 ,he  
was then still a bishop4 ,he had1 ,i    
believe1 been originally forced into    
holy orders1 in consequence of his      
lameness1 by his family1 who1 on that   
account1 treated him with an            
indifference and unkindness shameful and
 shocking4 ,he was for some time        
aumonier to his uncle1 the ,archbishop  
of ,rheims2 and when ,mr4 ,pitt went to 
that town to learn ,french1 after the   
peace of #aghb1 he lodged him in an     
apartment in the abbey of ,st4 ,thierry1
 where he was then residing with his    
uncle1 and constantly accompanied him   
for six weeks1 a circumstance to which1 
as ,i have heard ,m4 ,talleyrand remark 
with some asperity1 ,mr4 ,pitt never had

 the grace to allude either during his  
embassy1 or his emigration1 or in #agid1
 when he refused to recall the cruel    
order by which he was sent away from    
,england under the alien bill4          
,talleyrand was initiated into public   
affairs under ,m4 de ,calonne1 and      
learnt from that lively minister the    
happy facility of transacting business  
without effort and without ceremony in  
the corner of a drawing-room1 or in the 
recess of a window4  ,again--of         
,talleyrand's bon-mots4 ,the bit at     
,chateaubriand is one of the happiest we
 can remember4  ',il faut avoir aime    
,mme4 de ,stael pour connaitre tout le  
bonheur d'aimer une bete1' was a saying 
of his much quoted at ,paris at that    
time1 in explanation of his passion for 
,mme4 ,grand1 who certainly did not win 
him or any one else by the fascination  
of her wit or conversation4 ,for thirty 
or forty years1 the bon-mots of ,m4 de  
,talleyrand were more frequently        
repeated and more generally admired than

 those of any living man4 ,the reason   
was obvious4 ,few men uttered so many1  
and yet fewer any equally good4 ,by a   
happy combination of neatness in        
language and ease and suavity of manner1
 with archness and sagacity of thought1 
his sarcasms assumed a garb at once so  
courtly and so careless1 that they often
 diverted almost as much as they could  
mortify even their immediate objects4   
,his humorous reproof to a gentleman    
vaunting with self-complacency the      
extreme beauty of his mother1 and       
apparently implying that it might       
account for advantages in person in her 
descendants1 is well known3 ',cetait    
donc1' said he1 ',monsieur votre pere   
qui n'etait pas si bien4' ,the following
 is more recent1 but the humor of it    
hardly less arch or less refined4 ,the  
celebrity of ,m4 de ,chateaubriand1 the 
vainest of mortals1 was on the wane4    
,about the same time1 it happened to be 
casually mentioned in conversation that 
,chateaubriand was affected with        

deafness1 and complained bitterly of    
that infirmity4 ',je compends1' said    
,talleyrand2 'dequis qu'on a cesse de   
parler de lui1 il se croit sourd4'  ,we 
find a long portrait gallery of         
ministers1 and princes1 and princesses1 
one more imbecile1 ignorant1 and corrupt
 than another4 ,one minister did not    
know the difference between ,russia and 
,prussia2 another always wrote ,asiatic 
for ,henseatic1 and thought his         
correction necessary4 ,much light is    
thrown on the first quarrel between     
,ferdinand and his father2 and the      
narrow escape of the ,duke of ,infantado
 is well told4 ,godoy1 like all who had 
the honor of ,lord ,holland's           
acquaintance1 was in some degree a      
favorite of his1 his good qualities     
being brought out to neutralize his many
 bad ones4 ,jovellanos and ,arguelles   
appear the only honest characters in the
 midst of such a mass of vice1 and even 
they were pedantic1 impracticable1 and  
prejudiced4 ,no history1 narrative1 or  

memoir can be so disgusting as those of 
,spain and its court under the dominion 
of the ,house of ,bourbon4 ,the         
imagination of no novelist has ever     
attained that acme of duplicity1        
cruelty1 villany1 and cowardice1 which  
made up the character of ,ferdinand4    
,the general opinion of ,,prince        
,,metternich1 since he has become       
familiar to ,london circles1 has been   
rather to diminish former opinion of his
 superior wisdom4 ,lord ,holland's early
 opinion of the prince is thus recorded3
  ,he seems hardly qualified by any     
superior genius to assume the ascendency
 in the councils of his own and         
neighboring nations1 which common rumor 
has for some years attributed to him4   
,he appeared to me1 in the short        
intercourse ,i had with him1 little     
superior to the common run of           
continental politicians and courtiers1  
and clearly inferior to the ,emperor of 
,russia in those qualities which secure 
an influence in great affairs4 ,some who

 admit the degrading but too prevalent  
opinion that a disregard to truth is    
useful and necessary in the government  
of mankind1 have on that score          
maintained the contrary proposition4    
,his manners are reckoned insinuating4  
,in my slight acquaintance with him in  
,london ,i was not struck with them2    
they seemed such as might have been     
expected from a ,german who had studied 
,french vivacity in the fashionable     
novels of the day4 ,i saw little of a   
sagacious and observant statesman1 or of
 a courtier accustomed to very refined  
and enlightened society4  ,but the      
statesman who sustained ,austria and    
procured for it the alliance of ,france 
was not ,metternich4 ,napoleon is known 
to have long wavered as to whether he   
would build his ,european system on a   
close alliance with ,prussia or with    
,austria4 ,bignon we believe it is that 
gives the reasons in the imperial mind  
for and against4 ,prussia was the       
preferable ally1 being a new country1   

untrammelled by aristocratic ideas1     
ambitious1 military1 and eager for      
domination4 ,but ,napoleon had          
humiliated ,prussia too deeply to be    
forgiven4 ,and then ,napoleon had in    
those around him politicians who revered
 ,austria for its antiquity and         
prestige1 and who1 like ,lord ,aberdeen1
 made the ,caesar of ,vienna the pivot  
on which their ideas of policy turned4  
,talleyrand was one of them4 ,he        
worshipped ,austria1 opposed all his    
master's plans for crushing her1 and    
even dared to thwart those plans by     
revealing them to ,alexander1 and       
prompting him secretly to oppose them4  
,such treachery fully warrants all the  
suspicion and harshness with which      
,napoleon treated ,talleyrand4 ,the     
latter's conduct is fully revealed in   
this volume by ,lord ,holland4 ,in fact1
 the way in which ,napoleon found his   
policy most seriously counteracted1 and 
his projects foiled1 was his weakness in
 employing the men of the ancien regime1

 the nobles1 whom he preferred for their
 pleasing and good manners1 but who     
invariably betrayed the parvenu master1 
who employed and courted them4 ,by an   
instance of this grievously misplaced   
confidence ,napoleon lost his throne4   
,in the last events and negotiations of 
#ahad ,napoleon employed ,caulaincourt1 
who1 had he had full power1 might have  
made an arrangement4 ,talleyrand and his
 party at the same time employed ,m4 de 
,vitrolles1 and sent him to the ,emperor
 of ,austria to learn on what terms he  
would be induced either to support      
,napoleon or abandon him4 ,the ,emperor 
of ,austria was naturally most unwilling
 to proceed to the latter extreme4 ,but 
,m4 ,vitrolles1 a secret agent of the   
,bourbons1 so falsified and             
misrepresented everything to the        
,emperor that the sacrifice of ,napoleon
 was assented to4  ,our last extract    
relates some traits of the great        
,,napoleon which seem more than         
ordinarily worth his nephew's attention 

just now4 ,they are taken from a        
somewhat elaborate character of the     
,emperor which occupies nearly a third  
of the volume4  ,nothing could exceed   
the order and regularity with which his 
household both as ,consul and ,emperor  
was conducted4 ,the great things he     
accomplished1 and the savings he made1  
without even the imputation of avarice  
or meanness1 with the sum comparatively 
inconsiderable of fifteen millions of   
francs a year1 are marvellous1 and      
expose his successors1 and indeed all   
,european ,princes1 to the reproach of  
negligence or incapacity4 ,in this      
branch of his government he owed much to
 ,duroc4 ,it is said that they often    
visited the markets of ,paris 7les      
halles7 dressed in plain clothes and    
early in the morning4 ,when any great   
accounts were to be submitted to the    
,emperor1 ,duroc would apprize him in   
secret of some of the minutest details4 
,by an adroit allusion to them or a     
careless remark on the points upon which

 he had received such recent and        
accurate information1 ,napoleon         
contrived to impress his audience with a
 notion that the master's eye was every 
where4 ,for instance1 when the          
,tuileries were furnished1 the          
upholsterer's charges though not very   
exorbitant1 were suspected by the       
,emperor to be higher than the usual    
profit of that trade would have         
warranted4 ,he suddenly asked some      
minister who was with him how much the  
egg at the end of the bell-rope should  
cost8 ',j'ignore1' was the answer4--',eh
 bien6 nous verrons1' said he1 and then 
cut off the ivory handle1 called for a  
valet1 and bidding him dress himself in 
plain and ordinary clothes1 and neither 
divulge his immediate commission or     
general employment to any living soul1  
directed him to inquire the price of    
such articles at several shops in       
,paris1 and to order a dozen as for     
himself4 ,they were one-third less dear 
than those furnished to the palace4 ,the

 ,emperor1 inferring that the same      
advantage had been taken in the other   
articles1 struck a third off the whole  
charge1 and directed the tradesman to be
 informed that it was done at his       
express command1 because on inspection  
he had himself discovered the charges to
 be by one-third too exorbitant4 ,when  
afterwards in the height of his glory he
 visited ,caen with the ,empress ,maria 
,louisa1 and a train of crowned heads   
and princes1 his old friend1 ,m4        
,mechin1 the ,prefect1 aware of his     
taste for detail1 waited upon him with  
five statistical tables of the          
expenditure1 revenue1 prices1 produce1  
and commerce of the departments4 ',c'est
 bon1' said he1 when he received them   
the evening of his arrival1 'vous et moi
 nous ferous bien de l'esprit sur tout  
cela demain au ,conseil4' ,accordingly1 
he astonished all the leading           
proprietors of the department at the    
meeting next day1 by his minute         
knowledge of the prices of good and bad 

cyder1 and of the produce and other     
circumstances of the various districts  
of the department4 ,even the ,royalist  
gentry were impressed with a respect for
 his person1 which gratitude for the    
restitution of their lands had failed to
 inspire1 and which1 it must be         
acknowledged1 the first faint hope of   
vengeance against their enemies entirely
 obliterated in almost every member of  
that intolerant faction4 ,other princes 
have shown an equal fondness for minute 
details with ,napoleon1 but here is the 
difference4 ,the use they made of their 
knowledge was to torment their inferiors
 and weary their company3 the purpose to
 which ,napoleon applied it was to      
confine the expanses of the ,state to   
the objects and interests of the        
community4  ,lord ,holland dwells at    
some length on the treatment to which   
,napoleon was subjected by the ,english 
,government1 and on the generous        
attempts of ,lady ,holland to alleviate 
his captivity4 ,this part of the volume 

has much present interest1 and will be  
read with great eagerness by all4 ,of   
the ,emperor's temper1 he says3         
,napoleon1 even in the plenitude of his 
power1 seldom gratified his revenge by  
resorting to any act either illegal or  
unjust1 though he frequently indulged   
his ill-humor by speaking both of and to
 those who had displeased him in a      
manner mortifying to their feelings and 
their pride4 ,the instances of his love 
of vengeance are very few3 they are     
generally of an insolent rather than a  
sanguinary character1 more discreditable
 to his head than his heart1 and a proof
 of his want of manners1 taste1 and     
possibly feeling1 but not of a dye to   
affect his humanity4 ,of what man1      
possessed of such extended yet such     
disputed authority1 can so much be said8
 ,of ,washington8 ,of ,cromwell8 ,but   
,washington1 if he had ever equal       
provocation and motives for revenge1    
certainly never possessed such power to 
gratify it4 ,his glory1 greater in truth

 than that of ,caesar1 ,cromwell1 and   
,bonaparte1 was that he never aspired3  
but he disdained such power2 he never   
had it1 and cannot therefore deserve    
immoderate praise for not exerting what 
he did not possess4 ,in the affair of   
,general ,lee1 he did not1 if ,i        
recollect1 show much inclination to     
forgive4 ,even ,cromwell did not possess
 the power of revenge to the same extent
 as ,napoleon4 ,there is reason1        
however1 to infer from his moderation   
and forbearance that he would have used 
it as sparingly4 ,but ,cromwell is less 
irreproachable1 on the score of another 
vice1 viz41 ingratitude4 ,napoleon not  
only never forgot a favor1 but1 unlike  
most ambitious characters1 never allowed
 subsequent injuries to cancel his      
recollection of services4 ,he was       
uniformly indulgent to the faults of    
those whom he had once distinguished4   
,he saw them1 he sometimes exposed and  
rectified1 but he never punished or     
revenged them4 ,many have blamed him for

 this on the score of policy2 but if it 
was not sense and calculation1 it should
 be ascribed to good-nature4 ,none1 ,i  
presume1 will impute it to weakness or  
want of discernment4  ,this account of  
,napoleon's ideas on religion is        
curious1 and we think new4  ,whatever   
were the religious sentiments of this   
extraordinary man1 such companions were 
likely neither to fix nor to shake1 to  
sway nor to alter them4 ,i have been at 
some pains to ascertain the little that 
can be known of his thoughts on such    
subjects1 and1 though it is not very    
satisfactory1 it appears to me worth    
recording4  ,in the early periods of the
 ,revolution1 he1 in common with many of
 his countrymen1 conformed to the       
fashion of treating all such matters1   
both in conversation and action1 with   
levity and even derision4 ,in his       
subsequent career1 like most men exposed
 to wonderful vicissitudes1 he          
professed1 half in jest and half in     
earnest1 a sort of confidence in        

fatalism and predestination4 ,but on    
some solemn public occasions1 and yet   
more in private and sober discussion1 he
 not only gravely disclaimed and        
reproved infidelity1 but both by actions
 and words implied his conviction that a
 conversion to religious enthusiasm     
might befal himself1 or any other man4  
,he had more than tolerance--he had     
indulgence and respect for extravagant  
and ascetic notions of religious duty4  
,he grounded that feeling not on their  
soundness or their truth1 but on the    
uncertainty of what our minds may be    
reserved for1 on the possibility of our 
being prevailed upon to admit and even  
to devote ourselves to tenets which at  
first excite our derision4 ,it has been 
observed that there was a tincture of   
,italian superstition in his character2 
a sort of conviction from reason that   
the doctrines of revelation were not    
true1 and yet a persuasion1 or at least 
an apprehension1 that he might live to  
think them so4 ,he was satisfied that   

the seeds of belief were deeply sown in 
the human heart4 ,it was on that        
principle that he permitted and         
justified1 though he did not dare to    
authorize1 the revival of ,la ,trappe   
and other austere orders4 ,he contended 
that they might operate as a            
safety-valve for the fanatical and      
visionary ferment which would otherwise 
burst forth and disturb society4 ,in his
 remarks on the death of ,duroc1 and in 
the reasons he alleged against suicide1 
both in calm and speculative discussion 
and in moments of strong emotion1 7such 
as occurred at ,fontainbleau in #ahad17 
he implied a belief both in fatality and
 ,providence4  ,in the programme of his 
coronation1 a part of the ceremony was  
to consist in his taking the communion4 
,but when the plan was submitted to him1
 he1 to the surprise of those who had   
drawn it1 was absolutely indignant at   
the suggestion4 ',no man1' he said1 'had
 the means of knowing1 or had the right 
to say1 when or where he would take the 

sacrament1 or whether he would or not4' 
,on this occasion1 he added1 that he    
would not2 nor did he4  ,there is some  
mystery about his conduct in similar    
respects at ,st4 ,helena1 and during the
 last days of his life4 ,he certainly   
had mass celebrated in his chapel while 
he was well1 and in his bedroom when    
ill4 ,but though ,i have reason to      
believe that the last sacraments were   
actually administered to him privately a
 few days before his death1 and probably
 after confession1 yet ,count           
,montholon1 from whom ,i derive         
indirectly my information1 also stated  
that he received ,napoleon's earnest and
 distinct directions to conceal all the 
preliminary preparations for that       
melancholy ceremony from all his other  
companions1 and even to enjoin the      
priest1 if questioned1 to say he acted  
by ,count ,montholon's orders1 but had  
no knowledge of the ,emperor's wishes4  
,it seems as if he had some desire for  
such assurance as the ,church could     

give1 but yet was ashamed to own it4 ,he
 knew that some at ,st4 ,helena1 and    
more in ,france1 would deem his recourse
 to such consolation infirmity2 perhaps 
he deemed it so himself4 ,religion may  
sing her triumph1 philosophy exclaim    
'pauvre humanite1' more impartial       
scepticism despair of discovering the   
motive1 but truth and history must1 ,i  
believe1 acknowledge the fact4          
,,footnotes3  ,h ,foreign               
,reminiscences4 ,by ,henry ,richard     
,lord ,holland4 ,edited by his ,son1    
,henry ,edward ,lord ,holland4 ,longman 
and ,co41 ,london4 ,new-,york3 ,harpers4
     ,,john ,,james ,,audubon4  ,by     
,rufus ,w4 ,griswold4   ,formerly1 said 
,baron ,cuvier1 in a report to the      
,royal ,academy of ,sciences in ,paris1 
,european naturalists had to make known 
her own treasures to ,america2 but now  
her ,mitchells1 ,harlans1 and ,charles  
,bonapartes1 have repaid with interest  
the debt which she owed to ,europe4 ,the
 history of the ,american birds by      

,wilson1 already equals in elegance our 
most beautiful works in ornithology1 and
 if ever that of ,audubon be completed1 
it will have to be confessed that in    
magnificence of execution the ,old      
,world is surpassed by the ,new4 ,the   
work of the ,american backwoodsman thus 
alluded to1 has long been completed2 the
 great ,cuvier subsequently acknowledged
 it to be the most splendid monument    
which art has erected in honor of       
ornithology2 and the judgment of mankind
 has placed the name of our countryman  
first in the list of authors and artists
 who have illustrated the beautiful     
branch of natural history to which he   
has devoted so large a portion of his   
long and heroic life4  ,,john ,,james   
,,audubon was born in ,louisiana about  
the year #aghb4 ,he was of ,french      
descent1 and his parents perceiving     
early the bent of his genius sent him to
 ,paris to pursue his education4 ,while 
there he attended schools of natural    
history and the arts1 and in drawing    

took lessons from the celebrated ,david4
 ,he returned in his eighteenth year1   
and his father soon after gave him a    
farm near ,philadelphia1 where the      
,perkioming creek falls into the        
,schuylkill4 ,its fine woods offered him
 numerous subjects for his pencil1 and  
he here commenced that series of        
drawings which ultimately swelled into  
the magnificent collection of ,the      
,birds of ,america4 ,here too he was    
married1 and here was born his eldest   
son4 ,he engaged in commercial          
speculations1 but was not successful4   
,his love for the fields and flowers1   
the forests and their winged            
inhabitants1 we readily suppose unfitted
 him for trade4 ,at the end of ten years
 he removed to the west4 ,there were    
then no steamboats on the ,ohio1 and few
 villages and no cities on its shores4  
,reaching that noble river in the warm  
days of autumn1 he purchased a small    
boat in which1 with his wife and child  
and two rowers1 he leisurely pursued his

 way down to ,henderson1 in ,kentucky1  
where his family resided several years4 
,he appears at first to have engaged in 
commerce1 for he mentions his meeting   
with ,wilson1 of whom till then he had  
never heard1 as having occurred in his  
counting-room in ,louisville in the     
spring of #ahaj4 ,his great predecessor 
was procuring subscriptions for his     
work4 ,he called on ,audubon1 explained 
the nature of his occupations1 and      
requested his patronage4 ,the merchant  
was surprised and gratified at the sight
 of his volumes1 and had taken a pen to 
add his name to the list of subscribers1
 when his partner abruptly said to him  
in ,french1 ,my dear ,audubon1 what     
induces you to do so8 your own drawings 
are certainly far better1 and you must  
know as much of the habits of ,american 
birds as this gentleman4 ,wilson        
probably understood the remark1 for he  
appeared not to be pleased1 and inquired
 whether ,audubon had any drawings of   
birds4 ,a large portfolio was placed    

upon the table1 and all its contents    
exhibited by the amateur ornithologist4 
,wilson was surprised2 he had supposed  
he was himself the only person engaged  
in forming such a collection2 and asked 
if it was intended to publish them4     
,audubon replied in the negative3 he had
 never thought of presenting the fruits 
of his labors to the world4 ,wilson was 
still more surprised2 he lost his       
cheerfulness2 and though before he left 
,louisville ,audubon explored with him  
the neighboring woods1 loaned him his   
drawings1 and in other ways essayed to  
promote his interests and happiness1 he 
shook the dust from his feet when he    
departed1 and wrote in his diary that   
literature or art had not a friend in   
the place4 ,far be it from me to write a
 word in dispraise of ,alexander        
,wilson4 ,he was a man of genius1       
enthusiasm1 and patient endurance2 an   
honor to the country of his birth1 and a
 glory to that of his adoption2 but he  
evidently could not bear the thought of 

being excelled4 ,with all his merits he 
was even then greatly inferior to       
,audubon1 and his heart failed him when 
he contrasted the performances which had
 won fame for him with those of the     
unknown lover of the same mistress1     
,nature1 whom he thus encountered4      
,audubon must soon have abandoned or    
neglected his day-books and ledgers1 for
 in #ahaa we find him with his rifle and
 drawing paper among the bayous of      
,florida1 and in the following years    
making long and tedious journeys1       
searching the forests and prairies1 the 
shores of rivers1 lakes1 gulfs1 and     
seas1 for the subjects of his immortal  
work1 of the publication of which1      
however1 he had never yet had a thought4
  ,on the fifth of ,april1 #ahbd1 he    
visited ,philadelphia1 where the late   
,dr4 ,mease1 whom he had known on his   
first arrival in ,pennsylvania1         
presented him to ,charles ,lucien       
,bonaparte1 who in his turn introduced  
him to the ,lyceum of ,natural ,history4

 ,he perceived that he could look for no
 patronage in this city1 and so         
proceeded to ,new-,york1 where he was   
received with a kindness well suited to 
elevate his depressed spirits1 and      
afterwards ascending the ,hudson1 went  
westward to the great lakes1 and in the 
wildest solitudes of the pathless       
forests renewed his labors4 ,he now     
began to think of visiting ,europe2 the 
number of his drawings had greatly      
increased notwithstanding a misfortune  
by which two hundred of them1           
representing nearly a thousand birds1   
had been destroyed2 and he fancied his  
work under the hands of the engraver4   
,happy days and nights of pleasing      
dreams followed1 as he retired farther  
from the haunts of men1 determined to   
leave nothing undone which could be     
accomplished by time or toil4 ,another  
year and a half passed by2 he returned  
to his family1 then in ,louisiana2 and  
having explored the woods of that state1
 at last sailed for ,england1 where he  

arrived in #ahbf4 ,in ,liverpool and    
,manchester his works procured him a    
generous reception from the most        
distinguished men of science and        
letters2 and when he proceeded to       
,edinburgh and exhibited there his four 
hundred paintings1 the hearts of all    
warmed toward ,audubon1 says ,professor 
,wilson1 who were capable of conceiving 
the difficulties1 dangers1 and          
sacrifices that must have been          
encountered1 endured1 and overcome      
before genius could have embodied these1
 the glory of its innumerable           
triumphs4,i ,the man himself1 at this   
period writes the same eloquent author  
in another work1 is just what you would 
expect from his productions2 full of    
fine enthusiasm and intelligence1 most  
interesting in his looks and manners1 a 
perfect gentleman1 and esteemed by all  
who know him for the simplicity and     
frankness of his nature4,j  ,his        
reception encouraged him to proceed     
immediately with his plans of           

publication4 ,it was a vast undertaking 
which it would take probably sixteen    
years to accomplish1 and when his first 
drawings were delivered to the engraver 
he had not a single subscriber4 ,his    
friends pointed out the rashness of the 
project and urged him to abandon it4    
,but my heart was nerved1 he exclaims1  
and my reliance on that ,power on whom  
all must depend brought bright          
anticipations of success4 ,leaving his  
work in the care of his engravers and   
agents1 in the summer of #ahbh he       
visited ,paris1 and received the homage 
of the most distinguished men of science
 in that capital4 ,humboldt too1 whose  
gigantic intelligence arose above all   
others in central ,europe1 became his   
warm friend1 and remained until his     
death a sympathizing correspondent4     
,the ensuing winter was passed in       
,london1 and in ,april1 #ahbi1 he       
returned to ,america to explore anew the
 woods of the middle and southern       
states4 ,accompanied by his wife he left

 ,new ,orleans on the eighth of         
,january1 #ahcj1 for ,new-,york1 and on 
the twenty-fifth of ,april1 just a year 
from the time of his departure1 he was  
again in the ,great ,metropolis4 ,before
 the close of #ahcj1 he had issued his  
first volume1 containing one hundred    
plates1 representing ninety-nine species
 of birds1 every figure of the size and 
colors of life4 ,the applause with which
 it was received was enthusiastic and   
universal4 ,the kings of ,england and   
,france had placed their names at the   
head of his subscription list2 he was   
made a fellow of the ,royal ,societies  
of ,london and ,edinburgh2 a member of  
the ,natural ,history ,society of       
,paris1 and other celebrated            
institutions2 and ,cuvier1 ,swainson1   
and indeed the great ornithologists of  
every country1 exhausted the words of   
panegyric in his praise4  ,on the first 
of ,august1 #ahca1 ,audubon arrived once
 more in ,new-,york1 and having passed a
 few days with his friends there and in 

,philadelphia1 proceeded to ,washington1
 where the ,president and other         
principal officers of the government    
gave him letters of assistance and      
protection to be used all along the     
coasts and inland frontiers where there 
were collectors of revenue or military  
or naval forces4 ,he had previously     
received similar letters from the king's
 ministers to the authorities of the    
,british colonies4  ,the next winter and
 spring were passed in the ,floridas and
 in ,charleston2 and early in the       
summer1 bending his course northward to 
keep pace with the birds in their       
migrations1 he arrived in ,philadelphia1
 where he was joined by his family4 ,the
 cholera was then spreading death and   
terror through the country1 and on      
reaching ,boston he was himself arrested
 by sickness and detained until the     
middle of ,august4 ,although ,i have    
been happy in forming many valuable     
friendships in various parts of the     
world1 all dearly cherished by me1 he   

says1 the outpouring of kindness which  
,i experienced in ,boston far exceeded  
all that ,i have ever met with2,k and he
 tells us1 with characteristic          
enthusiasm1 of his gratitude to the     
,appletons1 ,everetts1 ,quincys1        
,pickerings1 ,parkmans1 and other       
eminent gentlemen and scholars of that  
beautiful and hospitable city4          
,proceeding at length upon his mission1 
he explored the forests of ,maine and   
,new ,brunswick1 and the shores of the  
,bay of ,fundy1 and chartering a vessel 
at ,eastport1 sailed for the gulf of    
,st4 ,lawrence1 the ,magdalen ,islands1 
and the coast of ,labrador4 ,returning  
as the cold season approached1 he       
visited ,newfoundland and ,nova ,scotia1
 and rejoining his family proceeded to  
,charleston1 where he spent the winter1 
and in the spring1 after nearly three   
years' travel and research1 sailed a    
third time for ,england4  ,among the    
warmest of his ,british friends1 was    
always the congenial ,wilson1 great as a

 poet1 greater as critic1 and greatest  
of all as the author of the ,noctes     
,ambrosianae1 which contain more wit and
 humor1 more sound theology1 philosophy1
 and politics1 and better and more      
various literature1 than any other man  
now living has furnished in a single    
work4 ,this almost universal genius1    
whose relish for the rod and gun and    
wild wood was scarcely less than that he
 felt for the best suppers of ,ambrose1 
or the sharpest onslaught on the ,whigs 
in ,parliament1 thoroughly appreciated  
and heartily loved our illustrious      
countryman1 and in ,blackwood's         
,magazine for ,january1 #ahce1 he gives 
us the following admirable sketch of the
 visit he now made to ,edinburgh3       
,we were sitting one night1 lately1 all 
alone by ourselves1      almost         
unconsciously eyeing the members1 fire  
without flame1 in      the many-visioned
 grate1 but at times aware of the       
symbols and      emblems there          
beautifully built up1 of the ongoings of

 human      life1 when a knocking1 not  
loud but resolute1 came to the front    
door1 followed by the rustling thrill of
 the bell-wire1 and      then by a      
tinkling far below1 too gentle to waken 
the house      that continued to enjoy  
the undisturbed dream of its repose4 ,at
      first we supposed it might be but 
some late-home-going      knight-errant 
from a feast of shells1 in a mood1      
'between      malice and true-love1'    
seeking to disquiet the slumbers of ,old
      ,christopher1 in expectation of   
seeing his night-cap 7which he          
never wears7 popped out of the window1  
and of hearing his voice      7of which 
he is charry in the open air7 simulating
 a scold upon      the audacious        
sleep-breaker4 ,so we benevolently laid 
back our      head on our easy-chair1   
and pursued our speculations on the     
state of affairs in general--and more   
particularly on the      floundering    
fall of that inexplicable people--the   
,whigs4 ,we had      been wondering1 and

 of our wondering found no end1 what    
could      have been their chief reasons
 for committing suicide4 ,it            
appeared a case of very singular        
felo-de-se--for they had so      timed  
the 'rash act1' as to excite strong     
suspicions in the      public mind that 
his ,majesty had committed murder4      
,circumstances1 however1 had soon come  
to light1 that proved to                
demonstration1 that the wretched        
,ministry had laid violent      hands on
 itself1 and effected its purpose by    
strangulation4      ,there--was the     
fatal black ring visible round the      
neck--through      a mere thread2       
there--were the blood-shot eyes         
protruding from      the sockets2       
there--the lip-biting teeth clenched in 
the last      convulsions2 and          
there--sorriest sight of all--was the   
ghastly      suicidical smile1 last     
relic of the laughter of despair4 ,but  
the knocking would not leave the        
door--and listening to its              

character1 we were assured that it came 
from the fist of a      friend1 who saw 
light through the chinks of the shutter1
 and      knew1 moreover1 that we never 
put on the shroud of death's            
pleasant brother sleep1 till 'ae wee    
short hour ayont the      twal1' and    
often not till earliest cock-crow1 which
 chanticleer      utters somewhat       
drowsily1 and then replaces his head    
beneath      his wing1 supported on one 
side by a partlet1 on the other by a    
hen4 ,so we gathered up our slippered   
feet from the rug1 lamp in      hand    
stalked along the lobbies1 unchained and
 unlocked the oak      which our        
faithful night porter ,somnus had       
sported--and lo6 a      figure muffled  
up in a cloak1 and furred like a ,russ1 
who      advanced familiarly into the   
hall1 extended both hands and then      
embracing us1 bade ,god bless us1 and   
pronounced1 with somewhat      of a     
foreign accent1 the name in which we and
 the world      rejoice--,christopher   

,north6' ,we were not slow in returning 
the      hug fraternal--for who was it  
but the ',american                      
,woodsman8'--even ,audubon              
himself--fresh from the ,floridas--and  
breathing of the pure air of far-off    
,labrador6       ,three years and       
upwards had fled since we had taken     
farewell      of the illustrious        
,ornithologist--on the same spot--at the
 same      hour2 and there was something
 ghostlike in such return of a      dear
 friend from a distant region--almost as
 if from the land      of spirits4 ,it  
seemed as if the same moon again looked 
at      us--but then she was wan and    
somewhat sad--now clear as a            
diamond1 and all the starry heavens wore
 a smile4 ,our words      they were na  
mony feck'--but in less time than we    
have taken to      write it--we two were
 sitting cheek by jowl1 and hand in     
hand1      by that essential fire--while
 we showed by our looks that we         
both felt1 now they were over1 that     

three years were but as one      day6   
,the cane coal-scuttle1 instinct with   
spirit1 beeted the      fire of its own 
accord1 without word or beck of ours1 as
 if      placed there by the hands of   
one of our wakeful ,lares2 in globe     
of purest crystal the ,glenlivet shone2 
unasked the bright brass      kettle    
began to whisper its sweet 'under song2'
 and a centenary      of the fairest    
oysters native to our isle turned       
towards us      their languishing eyes1 
unseen the ,nereid that had on the      
instant wafted them from the procreant  
cradle beds of      ,prestonpans4 ,grace
 said1 we drew in to supper1 and        
hobnobbing1      from elegant           
long-shank1 down each naturalist's      
gullet      graciously descended1 with a
 gurgle1 the mildest1 the meekest1      
the very ,moses of ,ales4               
,audubon1 ere half an hour had elapsed1 
found an opportunity of      telling us 
that he had never seen us in a higher   
state of      preservation--and in a low

 voice whispered something about the    
eagle renewing his youth4 ,we           
acknowledged the kindness by a          
remark on bold bright birds of passage  
that find the seasons      obedient to  
their will1 and wing their way through  
worlds still      rejoicing in the      
perfect year4 ,but too true friends were
 we not      to be sincere in all we    
seriously said2 and while ,audubon      
confessed that he saw rather more       
plainly than when we parted      the    
crowfeet in the corners of our eyes1 we 
did not deny that      we saw in him an 
image of the ,falco ,lencocephalus1 for 
that1      looking on his 'carum caput1'
 it answered his own description      of
 that handsome and powerful bird1 viz4  
'the general color of      the plumage  
above is dull hair-brown1 the lower     
parts being      deeply brown1 broadly  
margined with greyish white4' ,but here 
he      corrected us3 for 'surely1 my   
dear friend1' quoth he1 'you must       
admit ,i am a living specimen of the    

,adult ,bird1 and you      remember my  
description of him in my ,first         
,volume4' ,and thus      blending our   
gravities and our gayeties1 we sat      
facing one      another1 each with his  
last oyster on the prong of his trident1
      which disappeared1 like all mortal
 joys1 between a smile and a      sigh4 
,how similar--in much--our              
dispositions--yet in almost all how     
dissimilar our lives6 ,since last we    
parted1 'we scarcely heard      of half 
a mile from home'--he tanned by the suns
 and beaten by      the storms of many  
latitudes--we like a ship laid up in    
ordinary1 or anchored close in shore    
within the same sheltering              
bay--with sails unfurled and flags      
flying but for sake of show      on some
 holyday--he like a ship that every     
morning had been      dashing through a 
new world of waves--often close-reefed  
or      under bare poles--but oftener   
affronting the heavens with a           
whiter and swifter cloud than any       

hoisted by the combined      fleets in  
the sky4 ,and now1 with canvas unrent1  
and masts      unsprung1 returned to the
 very buoy she left4 ,somewhat faded1   
indeed1 in her apparelling--but her hull
 sound as ever--not a      speck of dry 
rot in her timbers--her keel unscathed  
by      rock--her cut-water yet sharp as
 new-whetted scythe ere the      mower  
renews his toil--her figure-head1 that  
had so often      looked out for        
squalls1 now 'patient as the brooding   
dove'--and      her bowsprit--but let us
 man the main-brace2 nor is there purer 
spirit--my trusty frere--in the ,old    
,world or the ,new4       ,it was quite 
a ,noctes4 ,audubon told us--by         
snatches--all his      travels1 history1
 with many an anecdote interspersed of  
the      dwellers among the woods--bird1
 beast1 and man4       ,all this and    
more he told us1 with a cheerful voice  
and      animated eyes1 while the dusky 
hours were noiselessly wheeling      the
 chariot of ,night along the star-losing

 sky2 and we too had      something to  
tell him of our own home-loving         
obscurity1 not      ungladdened by      
studies sweet in the ,forest--till ,dawn
 yoked her      dappled coursers for one
 single slow stage--and then jocund     
,morn leaping up on the box1 took the   
ribbons in her rosy      fingers1 and1  
after a dram of dew1 blew her bugle1 and
 drove      like blazes right on towards
 the gates of ,day4       ,his great    
work1 says ,wilson1 elsewhere1 was      
indeed a      perilous undertaking for a
 stranger in ,britain1 without the      
patronage of powerful friends1 and with 
no very great means of      his own--all
 of which he embarked in the enterprise 
dearest to      is heart4 ,had it       
failed1 ,audubon would have been a      
ruined      man--and that fear must have
 sometimes dismally disturbed him1      
for he is not alone in life1 and is a   
man of strong family      affections4   
,but happily those nearest his breast   
are as      enthusiastic in the love of 

natural science as himself--and         
were all willing to sink or swim with   
the beloved husband and      venerated  
father4 ,america may well be proud of   
him--and he      gratefully records the 
kindness he has experienced from so many
      of her most distinguished sons4   
,in his own fame he is just and         
generous to all who excel in the same   
studies2 not a particle      of jealousy
 is in his composition2 a sin1 that1    
alas6 seems too      easily to beset too
 many of the most gifted spirits in     
literature and in science2 nor is the   
happiest      genius--imaginative or    
intellectual--such is the frailty of    
poor human nature at the best--safe from
 the access of that      dishonouring   
passion4  ,the second volume of ,the    
,birds of ,america was finished in      
#ahcd1 and in ,december of that year he 
published in ,edinburgh the second      
volume of the ,ornithological           
,biography4 ,soon after1 while he was in
 ,london1 a nobleman called upon him1   

with his family1 and on examining some  
of his original drawings1 and being told
 that it would still require eight years
 to complete the work1 subscribed for   
it1 saying1 ,i may not see it finished1 
but my children will4 ,the words made a 
deep impression on ,audubon4 ,the       
solemnity of his manner ,i could not    
forget for several days1 he writes in   
the introduction to his third volume2 ,i
 often thought that neither might ,i see
 the work completed1 but at length      
exclaimed1 ',my sons may2' and now that 
another volume1 both of my illustrations
 and of my biographies1 is finished1 my 
trust in ,providence is augmented1 and  
,i cannot but hope that myself and my   
family together may be permitted to see 
the completion of my labors4 ,when this 
was written1 ten years had elapsed since
 the publication of his first plate4 ,in
 the next three years1 among other      
excursions he made one to the western   
coast of the ,floridas and to ,texas1 in
 a vessel placed at his disposal by our 

government2 and at the end of this time 
appeared the fourth and concluding      
volume of his engravings1 and the fifth 
of his descriptions4 ,the whole         
comprised four hundred and thirty-five  
plates1 containing one thousand and     
sixty-five figures1 from the ,bird of   
,washington to the ,humming ,bird1 of   
the size of life1 and a great variety of
 land and marine views1 and coral and   
other productions1 of different climates
 and seasons1 all carefully drawn and   
colored after nature4 ,well might the   
great naturalist felicitate himself upon
 the completion of his gigantic task4   
,he had spent nearly half a century amid
 the tall grass of the far-extended     
prairies of the west1 in the solemn     
forests of the north1 on the heights of 
the midland mountains1 by the shores of 
the boundless ocean1 and on the bosoms  
of our vast bays1 lakes and rivers1     
searching for things hidden since the   
creation of this wondrous world from all
 but the ,indian who has roamed in the  

gorgeous but melancholy wilderness4 ,and
 speaking from the depth of his heart he
 says1 ,once more surrounded by all the 
members of my dear family1 enjoying the 
countenance of numerous friends who have
 never deserted me1 and possessing a    
competent share of all that can render  
life agreeable1 ,i look up with         
gratitude to the ,supreme ,being1 and   
feel that ,i am happy4  ,in #ahci1      
having returned for the last time to his
 native country and established himself 
with his family near the city of        
,new-,york1 ,audubon commenced the      
publication of ,the ,birds of ,america  
in imperial octavo volumes1 of which the
 seventh and last was issued in the     
summer of #ahdd4 ,the plates in this    
edition1 reduced from his larger        
illustrations1 were engraved and colored
 in the most admirable manner by ,mr4   
,bowen of ,philadelphia1 under the      
direction of the author1 and excepting  
,the ,birds of ,america in folio1 there 
has never been published so magnificent 

a work on ornithology4  ,audubon was too
 sincere a worshipper of nature to be   
content with inglorious repose1 even    
after having accomplished in action more
 than was ever dreamed of by any other  
naturalist2 and while the edition for   
the people of his ,birds of ,america was
 in course of publication1 he was busy  
amid the forests and prairies1 the reedy
 swamps of our southern shores1 the     
cliffs that protect our eastern coasts1 
by the currents of the ,mexican gulf and
 the tide streams of the ,bay of ,fundy1
 with his sons1 ,victor ,gifford and    
,john ,woodhouse1 making the drawings   
and writing the biographies of the      
,quadrupeds of ,america1 a work in no   
respect inferior to that on our birds1  
which he began to publish about five    
years ago4 ,the plates1 on double       
imperial folio paper1 engraved and      
colored by ,mr4 ,bowen after the        
original drawings made from nature by   
,audubon and his sons1 are even more    
magnificent than those of the ,birds of 

,america1 which twenty years ago        
delighted and astonished the naturalists
 of ,europe4  ,the ,biography of        
,american ,quadrupeds1 accompanying     
these plates1 and of which the first    
volume appeared in ,new-,york in #ahdf1 
was written principally by the ,rev4    
,john ,bachman1 ,d4,d41 of ,charleston1 
a long-tried and enthusiastic friend1 of
 whose introduction to him ,audubon thus
 speaks in the preface of the second    
volume of his ,ornithological           
,biography3       ,it was late in the   
afternoon when we took our lodgings in  
,charleston4 ,being fatigued1 and having
 written the substance of      my       
journey to my family1 and delivered a   
letter to the ,rev4 ,mr4      ,gilman1  
,i retired to rest4 ,at the first       
glimpse of day the      following       
morning1 my assistants and myself were  
already      several miles from the     
city1 commencing our search in the      
fields and woods1 and having procured   
abundance of subjects      both for the 

pencil and the scalpel1 we returned     
home1 covered      with mud1 and so     
accoutred as to draw towards us the     
attention      of every person in the   
streets4 ,as we approached the          
boarding-house1 ,i observed a gentleman 
on horseback close to      our door4 ,he
 looked at me1 came up1 inquired if my  
name was      ,audubon1 and on being    
answered in the affirmative1 instantly  
leaped from his saddle1 shook me most   
cordially by the      hand--there is    
much to be expressed and understood by a
 shake      of the hand--and questioned 
me in so kind a manner1 that ,i for     
a while felt doubtful how to reply4 ,at 
his urgent desire1 ,i      removed to   
his house1 as did my assistants4        
,suitable apartments      were assigned 
to us2 and once introduced to the lovely
 and      interesting group that        
composed his family1 ,i seldom passed a 
day without enjoying their society4     
,servants1 carriages1      horses1 and  
dogs were all at our command1 and       

friends      accompanied us to the woods
 and plantations1 and formed parties    
for water excursions4 ,before ,i left   
,charleston1 ,i was truly      sensible 
of the noble and generous spirit of the 
hospitable      ,carolinians4  ,audubon 
and ,bachman 7the same ,bachman who     
recently refuted the heresies of        
,agassiz respecting the unity of the    
human race7 were from this time devoted 
friends and co-workers4 ,for several    
years the health of the hero naturalist 
had declined1 and he was rarely if ever 
seen beyond the limits of his beautiful 
estate on the banks of the ,hudson1 near
 this city1 where1 on the twenty-seventh
 of ,january1 #ahea1 he died1 full of   
years1 and illustrious with the most    
desirable glory4  ,audubon's highest    
claim to admiration is founded upon his 
drawings in natural history1 in which he
 has exhibited a perfection never before
 attempted4 ,in all our climates--in the
 clear atmosphere1 by the dashing       
waters1 amid the grand old forests with 

their peculiar and many-tinted foliage1 
by him first made known to art--he has  
represented our feathered tribes1       
building their nests and fostering their
 young1 poised on the tip of the spray  
and hovering over the sedgy margin of   
the lake1 flying in the clouds in quest 
of prey or from pursuit1 in love1       
enraged1 indeed in all the varieties of 
their motion and repose and modes of    
life1 so perfectly that all other works 
of the kind are to his as stuffed skins 
to the living birds4  ,but he has also  
indisputable claims to a high rank as a 
man of letters4 ,some of his written    
pictures of birds1 so graceful1 clearly 
defined1 and brilliantly colored1 are   
scarcely inferior to the productions of 
his pencil4 ,his powers of general      
description are not less remarkable4    
,the waters seem to dance to his words  
as to music1 and the lights and shades  
of his landscapes show the practised    
hand of a master4 ,the evanescent shades
 of manners1 also1 upon the extreme     

frontiers1 where the footprints of      
civilization have hardly crushed the    
green leaves1 have been sketched with   
graphic fidelity in his journals4  ,no  
author has more individuality4 ,the     
enthusiastic1 trustful and loving spirit
 which breathes through his works       
distinguished the man4 ,from the        
beginning he surrendered himself        
entirely to his favorite pursuit1 and   
was intent to learn every thing from the
 prime teacher1 ,nature4 ,his style as  
well as his knowledge was a fruit of his
 experiences4 ,he had never written for 
the press until after the age at which  
most authors have established their     
reputation2 and when he did write1 his  
page glowed like the rich wild landscape
 in the spring1 when ,nature1 then most 
beautiful1 bathes herself in her own    
dewy waters4 ,we seem to hear his       
expressions of wondering admiration1 as 
unknown mountains1 valleys and lakes    
burst upon his view1 as the deer at his 
approach leaped from his ambush into the

 deeper solitudes1 as the startled bird 
with rushing wings darted from his feet 
into the sky2 or his pious thanksgiving1
 as at the end of a weary day the song  
of the sparrow or the robin relieved his
 mind from the heavy melancholy that    
bore it down4  ,when the celebrated     
,buffon had completed the ornithological
 portion of his great work on natural   
history1 he announced with unhesitating 
assurance that he had finished the      
history of the birds of the world4      
,twenty centuries had served for the    
discovery of only eight hundred species1
 but this number seemed immense1 and the
 short-sighted naturalist declared that 
the list would admit of no material     
augmentation which embraced hardly a    
sixteenth of those now known to exist4  
,to this astonishing advance of the     
science of ornithology1 no one has      
contributed more than ,audubon1 by his  
magnificent painting and fascinating    
history4  ,mr4 ,audubon left unpublished
 a voluminous autobiography1 which we   

hope will be published with as little   
delay as possible4  ,,footnotes3  ,i    
,wilson's ,miscellanies1 vol4 ii4 p4    
#aah4  ,j ,noctes ,ambrosianae1 vol4 ii4
 p4 #ajc4  ,k ,introduction to the      
second volume of ,ornithological        
,biography1 p4 xvii4     ,original      
,poetry4   ,,old ,,age4  ,by ,alfred ,b4
 ,street4        ,all day the chill     
bleak wind had shrieked and wailed      
,through leafless forests1 and o'er     
meadows sear2       ,through the fierce 
sky great sable clouds had sailed2      
,outlines were hard--all nature's looks 
were drear4       ,gone1 ,indian        
,summer's bland1 delicious haze1        
,thickening soft nights and filming     
mellow days4       ,then rose gray      
clouds2 thin fluttered first the snow1  
,then like loose shaken fleeces1 then in
 dense streams       ,that muffled      
gradually all below         ,in pearly  
smoothness4 ,then outburst the gleams   
,at sunset2 nature shone in flashing    
white1       ,and the last rays tinged  

all with rosy light4       ,so ,life's  
bland ,autumn o'er1 may old age come    
,in muffling peace1 and death display   
hope's radiant bloom4   ,,the ,,castle  
,,in ,,the ,,air4,l  ,by ,r4 ,h4        
,stoddard4       ,i4            ,we have
 two lives about us1           ,within  
us1 and without us2           ,two      
worlds in which we dwell1               
,alternate ,heaven and ,hell3           
,without1 the sombre ,real1     ,within 
our heart of hearts1 the beautiful      
,ideal6       ,i stand between the      
thresholds of the two1       ,fettered  
and bound with many a heavy chain2      
,i strive to rend their links1 but all  
in vain2       ,the ,false is strong1   
and holds me from the ,true4       ,only
 in dreams my spirit wanders o'er       
,the starry portal of the world of      
bliss1       ,and lives the life which  
,fate denies in this1     ,which may    
have once been mind1 but will be1       
nevermore4      ,,ii4            ,my    
,castle stands alone1           ,away   

from ,earth and ,time1           ,in    
some diviner clime1           ,in       
,fancy's tropic zone1           ,beneath
 its summer skies1     ,where all the   
live-long year the summer never dies6   
,a stately marble pile whose pillars    
rise1       ,from sculptured bases1     
fluted to the dome1       ,with wreathed
 friezes crowned1 all carven nice       
,with pendant leaves1 like ragged rims  
of foam2       ,a thousand windows front
 the rising sun1       ,deep-set between
 the columns1 many paned1               
,tri-arched1 emblazoned1 gorgeously     
stained1       ,crimson and purple1     
green and blue1 and dun1       ,and all 
their wedded colors fall below1         
,like rainbows shattered on a field of  
snow2       ,a bordering gallery runs   
along the roof1       ,topt by a cupola1
 whose glittering spire       ,pierces  
the brooding clouds1 a glowing woof1    
,with golden spindles wove in ,morning's
 loom of fire6      ,,iii4              
,what fine and rare domains             

,untold for leagues around2             
,green parks1 and meads1 and plains1    
,and bosky woods profound1--     ,a     
realm of leafiness1 and sweet enchanted 
ground6       ,before the palace lies a 
shaven lawn1       ,sloping and shining 
in the dews of dawn1       ,with turfy  
terraces1 and garden bowers1            
,where rows of slender urns are full of 
flowers2       ,broad oaks o'erarch the 
winding avenues1       ,edged round with
 evergreens of fadeless bloom1          
,and pour a thousand intermingling hues1
       ,a many tinted flood of golden   
gloom2       ,far-seen through twinkling
 leaves1       ,the fountains gush aloft
 like silver sheaves1       ,drooping   
with shining ears1 and crests of spray1 
,and foamy tassels blowing every way1   
,shaking in marble basins white and     
cold1       ,a bright and drainless     
shower of beaded grain1       ,which    
winnows off1 in sun-illumined rain      
,the dusty chaff1 a cloud of misty gold2
       ,around their volumes1 down the  

plashy tide1       ,the swans are       
sailing mixed in lilies white1          
,like virgin queens in soft disdain and 
pride1       ,sweeping amid their maids 
with trains of light2       ,a little   
herd of deer with startled looks1       
,in shady parks where all the year they 
browse1       ,head-down are drinking at
 the lucid brooks1       ,their antlers 
mirrored with the tangled boughs2       
,my rivers flow beyond1 with guardant   
ranks       ,of silver-liveried poplars1
 on their banks2       ,barges are      
fretting at the castle piers1           
,rocking with every ripple in the tide2 
,and bridges span the stream with arches
 wide1       ,their stony 'butments     
mossed and gray with years2       ,an   
undulating range of vales1 and bowers1  
,and columned palaces1 and distant      
towers1       ,and on the welkin        
mountains bar the view1     ,shooting   
their jagged peaks sublimely up the     
blue6      ,,iv4            ,i saunter  
up the walks2           ,my sandals     

wetted through           ,with dripping 
flowers and stalks1           ,that line
 the avenue2     ,my broidered mantle   
all bedabbled with the dew6       ,i    
climb a flight of steps with regal      
pride1       ,and stroll along an       
echoing colonnade1       ,sweeping      
against its pillared balustrade1        
,adown a porch1 and through a portal    
wide1       ,and ,i am in my ,castle1   
,lord of all2       ,my faithful groom  
is standing in the hall       ,to doff  
my shining robe1 while servitors1       
,and cringing chamberlains beside the   
doors       ,waving their gilded wands1 
obsequious wait1     ,and bow me on my  
way in royal pomp and state6      ,v4   
,my chamber lies apart1           ,the  
,castle's very heart1           ,and all
 things rich and rare1           ,from  
land1 and sea1 and air1     ,are        
lavished with a wild and waste profusion
 there6       ,the carpeting was woven  
in ,turkish looms1       ,from softest  
wool of fine ,circassian sheep2         

,tufted like springy moss in forests    
deep1       ,illuminate with all its    
autumn blooms2       ,the antique chairs
 are made of cedar trees1       ,veined 
with the rings of vanished cennturies   
,and touched with winter's frost1 and   
summer's sun2       ,sofas and couches1 
stuffed with cygnet's fleece1           
,loll round inviting dreaminess and     
ease2       ,the gorgeous window        
curtains1 damask red1       ,suspended1 
silver-ringed1 on bars of gold1         
,droop heavily1 in many a fluted fold1  
,and1 rounding outward1 intercept1 and  
shed       ,the prisoned daylight o'er  
the slumbrous room1       ,in streams of
 rosy dimness1 purple gloom2       ,hard
 by are cabinets of curious shells1     
,twisted and jointed1 horned1 wreathed1 
and curled1       ,and some like moons  
in rosy mist impearled1       ,with     
coral boughs from ocean's deepest cells2
       ,cases of rare medallions1 coins 
antique1       ,found in the dust of    
cities1 ,roman1 ,greek2       ,etruscan 

urns1 transparent1 soft1 and bright1    
,with fawns and dancing shepherds on    
their sides2       ,and costly marble   
vases dug from night       ,in ,pompeii1
 beneath its lava tides3       ,clusters
 of arms1 the spoil of ancient wars2    
,old scimitars of true ,damascus brand1 
,short swords with basket hilts to guard
 the hand1       ,and iron casques with 
rusty visor bars2       ,lances1 and    
spears1 and battle axes keen1           
,with crescent edges1 shields with      
studded thorns1       ,yew bows1 and    
shafts1 and curved bugle horns1         
,with tasseled baldricks of the ,lincoln
 green3       ,and on the walls with    
lifted curtains1 see6       ,the        
portraits of my noble ancestry2         
,thin featured1 stately dames with      
powdered locks1       ,and courtly      
shepherdesses tending flocks2           
,stiff lords in wigs1 and ruffles white 
as snow1       ,haught peers1 and       
princes centuries ago1       ,and dark  
,sir ,hugh1 the bravest of the line1    

,with all the knightly scars he won in  
,palestine6      ,,vi4            ,my   
gallery sleeps aloof1                   
,soft-lighted through the roof1         
,enshrining pictures old1           ,and
 groups of statues cold1     ,the gems  
of ,art1 when ,art was in her ,age of   
,gold6       ,not picked from any single
 age or clime1       ,nor one peculiar  
master1 school1 or tone2       ,select  
of all1 the best of all alone1          
,the spoil and largesse of the ,earth   
and ,time2       ,food for all thoughts 
and fancies1 grave or gay2              
,suggestive of old lore1 and poets'     
themes2       ,these filled with shapes 
of waking life1 and day1       ,and     
those with spirits and the world of     
dreams2       ,let me draw back the     
curtains1 one by one1       ,and give   
their muffled brightness to the sun3    
,,the ,,pictures4        ,helen and     
,paris on their bridal night1           
,under the swinging cressets' starry    
light1       ,with ,priam and his fifty 

sons around1       ,feasting in all     
their majesty and bloom1        ,filling
 their golden cups with eager hands1    
,to drink a health1 while pale          
,cassandra stands       ,with all her   
raven tresses unbound1       ,her soul  
o'ershadowed by the coming doom4        
,andromache1 with all her tearful       
charms1       ,folded upon the mighty   
,hector's breast1       ,and the babe   
shrinking in its ,nurse's arms1         
,affrightened by the nodding of his     
crest4        ,the giant ,cyclops1      
sitting in his cave1       ,helped by   
the diving ,ulysses1 old and wise1      
,spilling the wine in rivers down his   
beard1       ,shaggy and grim1--his     
shoulder overleered       ,by swart     
,silenus1 sly and cunning knave1        
,who steals a puffy skin with twinkling 
eyes4        ,anacreon1 lolling in the  
myrtle shades1       ,bibbing his ,teian
 draughts with rich delight1            
,pledging the dancing girls and ,cyprian
 maids1       ,pinching their little    

ears1 and shoulders white4        ,a    
cloudless sunrise on the glittering     
,nile1       ,a bronzed ,sphinx1 and    
temple on the shore1       ,and robed   
priests that toss their censers while   
,abased in dust1 the populace adore2    
,a beaked galley fretting at its curb1  
,with reedy oars1 and masts1 and silken 
sails1       ,and ,cleopatra walks the  
deck superb1       ,slow-followed by her
 court in spangled veils4        ,the   
,virgin ,mother1 and the ,holy ,child1  
,holding a globe and sceptre1 sweet and 
mild2       ,the ,magi bring their gifts
 with reverent looks1       ,and the    
rapt ,shepherds lean upon their crooks4 
,a summer fete1 a party on a lawn2      
,bowing gallants1 with plumed caps in   
hand1       ,and ladies with guitars1   
and1 far withdrawn1       ,the rustic   
people dancing in a band4        ,a     
bleak defile1 a pass in mountains deep1 
,whose whitened summits wear their      
morning glow1       ,and dark banditti  
winding down the steep       ,of shelvy 

rocks1 pointing their guns below4       
,a harvest scene1 a vineyard on the     
,rhine2       ,arbors1 and wreathed     
pales1 and laughing swains              
,pouring their crowded baskets into     
wains1       ,and vats1 and trodden     
presses gushing wine4        ,a ,flemish
 ,tavern3 boors and burghers hale       
,drawn round a table1 o'er a board of   
chess1       ,smoking their heavy pipes1
 and drinking ale1       ,blowing from  
tankard brims the frothiness4        ,a 
picture of ,cathay1 a justice scene2    
,pagodas1 statues1 and a group around2  
,and1 in his sedan chair1 the ,mandarin1
       ,reading the scroll of laws to   
prisoners bound1       ,bambooed with   
canes1 and writhing on the ground2      
,and many more whose veils ,i will      
undraw       ,some other day1 exceeding 
fresh and fine2       ,and statues of   
the ,grecian gods divine1       ,in all 
their various moods of love and awe3    
,the ,phidean ,jove1 with calm creative 
face1       ,like ,heaven brooding o'er 

the deeps of ,space2       ,imperial    
,juno1 ,mercury1 winged-heeled1         
,lit with a message4 ,mars with helm and
 shield1       ,apollo with the discus1 
bent to throw1       ,the piping ,pan1  
and ,dian with her bow1       ,and      
,cytherca just risen from the swell     
,of crudded foam1 half-stooping on her  
knee1       ,wringing her dripping      
tresses in the sea       ,whose loving  
billows climb the curved shell          
,tumultuously1 and o'er its edges flow1 
,and kiss with pallid lips her nakedness
 of snow6      ,,vii4            ,my    
boots may lie and mould1                
,however rare and old2           ,i     
cannot read to-day1           ,away6    
with books1 away6           ,full-fed   
with sweets of sense1     ,i sink upon  
my couch in honied indolence6           
,here are rich salvers full of          
nectarines1       ,dead-ripe            
pomegranates1 sweet ,arabian dates1     
,peaches and plums1 and clusters fresh  
from vines1       ,and all imaginable   

sweets1 and cakes1       ,and here are  
drinking-cups1 and long-necked flasks   
,in wicker mail1 and bottles broached   
from casks1       ,in cellars delved    
deep1 and winter cold1       ,select1   
superlative1 and centuries old4         
,what more can ,i desire8 what book can 
be       ,as rich as ,idleness and      
,luxury8       ,what lore can fill my   
heart with joy divine1       ,like      
luscious fruitage1 and enchanted wine8  
,brimming with ,helicon ,i dash the cup2
       ,why should ,i waste my years in 
hoarding up       ,the thoughts of eld8 
,let dust to dust return3       ,no more
 for me1--my heart is not an urn6       
,i will no longer sip from little       
flasks1       ,covered with damp and    
mould1 when ,nature yields1       ,and  
,earth is full of purple vintage fields2
       ,nor peer at ,beauty dimmed with 
mortal masks1       ,when ,i at will may
 have them all withdrawn1       ,and    
freely gaze in her transfigured face2   
,nor limp in fetters in a weary race1   

,when ,i may fly unbound1 like          
,mercury's fawn2       ,no more         
contented with the sweets of old1       
,albeit embalmed in nectar1 since the   
trees1       ,the ,eden bowers1 the rich
 ,hesperides1     ,droop all around my  
path1 with living fruits of gold6       
,,viii4            ,oh what a life is   
mine1           ,a life of joy and      
mirth1           ,the sensuous life of  
,earth1           ,forever fresh and    
fine4     ,a heavenly worldliness1      
mortality divine6       ,when eastern   
skies1 the sea1 and misty plain1        
,illumined slowly1 doff their nightly   
shrouds1       ,and ,heaven's bright    
archer ,morn begins to rain       ,his  
golden arrows through the banded clouds1
       ,i rise and tramp away the jocund
 hours1       ,knee-deep in dewy grass1 
and beds of flowers2       ,i race my   
eager greyhound on the hills1       ,and
 climb with bounding feet the craggy    
steeps1       ,peak-lifted1 gazing down 
the cloven deeps1       ,where mighty   

rivers shrink to threaded rills2        
,the ramparts of the mountains loom     
around1       ,like splintery fragments 
of a ruined world2       ,the           
cliff-bound dashing cataracts1 downward 
hurled       ,in thunderous volumes1    
shake the chasms profound3       ,the   
imperial eagle1 with a dauntless eye    
,wheels round the sun1 the monarch of   
the sky2       ,i pluck his eyrie in the
 blasted wood       ,of ragged pines1   
and when the vulture screams1       ,i  
track his flight along the solitude1    
,like some dark spirit in the world of  
dreams6       ,when ,noon in golden     
armor1 travel spent1       ,climbing the
 azure plains of ,heaven1 alone1        
,pitches upon its topmost steep his     
tent1       ,and looks o'er ,nature from
 his burning throne1       ,i loose my  
little shallop from its quay1       ,and
 down the winding rivers slowly float1  
,and steer in many a shady cove and bay1
       ,where birds are warbling with   
melodious note2       ,i listen to the  

humming of the bees1       ,the water's 
flow1 the winds1 the wavy trees1        
,and take my lute and touch its silver  
chords1       ,and set the ,summer's    
melody to words2       ,sometimes ,i    
rove beside the lonely shore1           
,margined and flanked by slanting shelvy
 ledges1       ,and caverns echoing     
,ocean's sullen roar2       ,threading  
the bladdery weeds1 and paven shells1   
,beyond the line of foam1 the jewelled  
chain1       ,the largesse of the ever  
giving main4       ,tossed at the feet  
of ,earth with surgy swells1       ,i   
plunge into the waves1 and strike away1 
,breasting with vigorous strokes the    
snowy spray2       ,sometimes ,i lounge 
in arbors hung with vines1       ,the   
which ,i sip1 and sip1 with pleasure    
mute1       ,o'er mouthful bites of     
golden-rinded fruit2       ,when evening
 comes1 ,i lie in dreamy rest1          
,where lifted casements front the       
glowing west1       ,and watch the      
clouds1 like banners wide unfurled1     

,hung o'er the flaming threshold of the 
world3       ,its mission done1 the holy
 ,day recedes1       ,borne ,heavenward 
in its car1 with fiery steeds1          
,leaving behind a lingering flush of    
light1       ,its mantle fallen at the  
feet of ,night2       ,the flocks are   
penned1 the earth is growing dim2       
,the moon comes rounding up the welkin's
 rim1       ,glowing through thinnest   
mist1 an argent shell1       ,washed up 
the sky from ,night's profoundest cell2 
,one after one the stars begin to shine 
,in drifted beds1 like pearls through   
shallow brine2       ,and lo6 through   
clouds that part before the chase       
,of silent winds--a belt of milky white1
       ,the ,galaxy1 a crested surge of 
light1       ,a reef of worlds along the
 sea of ,space3       ,i hear my sweet  
musicians far withdrawn1       ,below my
 wreathed lattice1 on the lawn1         
,with harp1 and lute1 and lyre1         
,and passionate voices full of tears and
 fire2       ,and envious nightingales  

with rich disdain       ,filling the    
pauses of the languid strain2       ,my 
soul is tranced and bound1              
,drifting along the magic sea of sound1 
,driving in a barque of bliss from deep 
to deep1     ,and piloted at last into  
the ports of ,sleep6      ,,ix4         
,nor only this1 though this             
,might seal a life of bliss1            
,but something more divine1             
,for which ,i once did pine1            
,the crown of worlds above1     ,the    
heart of every heart1 the ,soul of      
,being--,love6       ,i bow obedient to 
my ,lady's sway1       ,the sovereignty 
that won my soul of yore1       ,and    
linger in her presence night and day1   
,and feel a heaven around her evermore2 
,i sit beside her couch in chambers     
lone1       ,and soft unbraid1 and lay  
her locks apart1       ,and take her    
taper fingers in my own1       ,and     
press them to my lips with leaps of     
heart2       ,sometimes ,i kneel to her 
with cups of wine1       ,with pleading 

eyes1 beseeching her to taste1          
,with long-delaying lips1 the draught   
divine2       ,and when she sips        
thereof1 ,i clasp her waist1       ,and 
kiss her mouth1 and shake her hanging   
curls1       ,and in her coy despite    
unloose her zone of pearls6       ,i    
live for ,love1 for ,love alone1 and who
       ,dare chide me for it8 who dare  
call it folly8       ,it is a holy      
thing1 if aught is holy1       ,and true
 indeed1 if ,truth herself is true3     
,earth cleaves to earth1 its sensuous   
life is dear1       ,mortals should love
 mortality while here1       ,and seize 
the glowing hours before they fly3      
,bright eyes should answer eyes1 warm   
lips should meet1       ,and hearts     
enlocked to kindred hearts should beat1 
,and every soul that lives1 in love     
should live and die6      ,x4           
,my dear and gentle wife1           ,the
 ,angel of my life1           ,oppressed
 with sweetest things1           ,has   
folded up her wings1           ,and lies

 in slumber deep1     ,like some        
divinest ,dream upon the couch of       
,sleep6        ,nor sound1 nor stir     
profanes the stilly room1       ,haunted
 by ,sleep and ,silence1 linked pair2   
,the very light itself muffled in gloom1
       ,steals in1 and melts the        
enamored air       ,where ,love doth    
brood and dream1 while ,passion dies1   
,breathing his soul out in a mist of    
sighs6       ,lo6 where she lies behind 
the curtains white1       ,pillowed on  
clouds of down1--her golden hair        
,braided around her forehead smooth and 
fair1       ,like a celestial diadem of 
light3--       ,her soft voluptuous lips
 are drawn apart1       ,curving in fine
 repose1 and maiden pride2       ,her   
creamy breast1--its mantle brushed aside
       ,swells with the long pulsation  
of her heart3       ,one languid arm    
rests on the coverlid1       ,and one   
beneath the crumpled sheet is hid1      
7,ah happy sheets6 to hide an arm so    
sweet67       ,nor all concealed amid   

their folds of snow1       ,the soft    
perfection of her shape below1          
,rounded and tapering to her little     
feet6       ,oh ,love6 if ,beauty ever  
left her sphere1       ,and sovereign   
sisters1 ,art and ,poesy1       ,moulded
 in loveliness she slumbers here1       
,slumbers1 dear love1 in thee6       ,it
 is thy smile that makes the chamber    
still2       ,it is thy breath that     
fills the scented air2       ,the light 
around is borrowed from thy hair1       
,and all things else are subject to thy 
will1       ,and ,i am so bewildered in 
this deep       ,ambrosial calm1 and    
passionate atmosphere1       ,i know not
 whether ,i am dreaming here1           
,or in the world of ,sleep6      ,,xi4  
,my eyes are full of tears1             
,my heart is full of pain1           ,to
 wake1 as now1 again1     ,and walk1 as 
in my youth1 the wilderness of ,years6  
,no more6 no more6 the autumn winds are 
loud       ,in stormy passes1 howling to
 the ,night3       ,behind a cloud the  

moon doth veil her light1       ,and the
 rain pours from out the horned cloud4  
,and hark6 the solemn and mysterious    
bell1       ,swinging its brazen echoes 
o'er the wave3       ,not mortal hands1 
but spirits ring the knell1     ,and    
toll the parting ghost of ,midnight to  
its grave4   ,,to ,a ,,bereaved         
,,mother4  ,,by ,,hermann4      ,its    
smile and happy laugh are lost to thee1 
,earth must his mother and his pillow   
be4      ,w4 ,g4 ,,clark4       ,mother1
 now thy task is done1       ,now thy   
vigil ended2     ,with the coming of the
 sun1       ,grief and joy are blended4 
,grief that thus thy flower of love     
,from its stem is riven2     ,joy that  
will bloom above1       ,midst the      
bowers of ,heaven4      ,gone1 as oft   
expires the light       ,of thy nightly 
taper3     ,gone1 as 'fore the sunshine 
bright1       ,early morning's vapor4   
,kiss its lips so mute and cold1        
,cold as chiselled marble1     ,they    
will now to harp of gold       ,glad    

,hosannas warble4      ,at the last they
 sweetly smiled1       ,told it not for 
gladness2     ,would'st thou now recall 
thy child       ,to a world of sadness8 
,it is hard to gather up1       ,ties so
 rudely riven2     ,but thou'lt find    
this bitter cup       ,for thy weal was 
given4      ,kiss again its hands so    
white1       ,kiss its marble forehead2 
,soon the grave will hide from sight1   
,that thou only borrowed4      ,thou    
will meet thy child again1       ,where 
no death or sorrow     ,bring their sad 
to-day of pain1       ,and their dread  
to-morrow4  ,,footnotes3  ,l ,this poem1
 in an unfinished form1 was published   
some months ago in ,sartain's ,magazine4
 ,it has since been re-written for the  
,international1 and is now much more    
than before deserving of the applause   
with which it was received4     ,,the   
,,ambitious ,,brooklet4  ,,by ,a4       
,,oakey ,,hall4   ,,chapter ,i4         
,how the ,brooklet was born2 and lodged2
 and wandered off one      rainy day4   

,there was once a ,brooklet born of a   
modest spring that circled through a    
smiling meadow4 ,all the hours of the   
,spring1 and the ,summer1 and the       
,autumn1 kept she her musical round2    
greeting the sun at his rising1 together
 with the meadow-larks which came to dip
 their beaks in the sparkling           
water-drops2 and singing to the moon and
 stars all night1 as she bore their     
features within her bosom1 in grateful  
remembrance of their beauty4 ,the       
laborer in the field hard by often came 
to visit her1 and wet his honest1       
toil-browned brow with her cooling      
drops2 and often1 too1 the laborer's    
daughter came at sunset time to sit by a
 mossy stone1 with so lovely a face that
 the ,brooklet1 as she mirrored the     
features of the beautiful visitor1      
leaped about the pebbles with ripplings 
of admiration4  ,and so this ,brooklet  
lived on1 only ceasing her merry flow   
and circling journey when the bushes by 
her side became white with snow1 and    

when the rabbits from the brushwood     
fence at her head came out to stand upon
 the slippery casing that the ,brooklet 
often saw spreading over her1 and       
shutting out the warm sunshine by day1  
and at nightfall blurring the radiance  
of moon and stars4  ,one stormy spring  
day the ,brooklet seemed to rise higher 
among the twigs of the alder-bushes than
 ever before2 the rain came down faster 
and heavier1 and beat into her bosom1   
until her tiny waves were rough and sore
 with pain1 and she was fain to nestle  
closer to the sedgy grass that now bent 
lowly to the pebbles at the roots4      
,growing higher every minute was the    
,brooklet2 and frightened somewhat1 and 
longing for the sunlight1 or the        
laborer1 and for the lovely daughter's  
face to cheer her up1 she looked off    
over a track of country wider and       
greener than she had ever seen before4  
,and so the ,brooklet1 all frightened as
 she was1 said to herself1 ,i'll run    
along a bit into this country spot1 so  

wide and green1 and maybe ,i shall find 
the sunlight and the lovely face4       
,faster came the rain2 and so the       
,brooklet1 leaping wildly over a rock   
whose top until then her eyes had never 
seen1 went flowing on upon this country 
spot1 so wide and green4 ,the new sights
 coming in view at every bound quite    
made the ,brooklet forget her terrors   
from the beating rain2 she was pained no
 longer by the heavy drops1 but soothed 
herself among the velvet grass2 and     
turned between little flowers scarcely  
above the ground1 and which1 as she     
passed them1 seemed to be as frightened 
by the wind and rain as herself had been
 before the meadow was left behind4     
,the ,brooklet had thus run on until she
 saw the country spot so wide and green 
was well passed over1 and trees and     
bushes1 darker and thicker than she had 
ever known before1 were close at hand4  
,and while she thought of stopping in   
her way and going back1 she heard not   
far before an echo of a sound most like 

unto her own2 and so kept on to find it 
out4 ,clearer and louder increased the  
sound1 as now through mouldy leaves and 
dark thickets1 and under decayed logs   
and insect-burrowed moss1 she kept a    
course1 until presently1 over a fallen  
tree1 she saw a ,brooklet1 larger1      
wider1 and evidently much older than    
herself1 which1 on her near approach1   
ran by the fallen tree's side1 and said1
 ,good morning1 sister3 what is so      
delicate a being1 as you seem to be1    
doing in this dark forest8  ,the        
wanderer ,brooklet became silent with   
wonder4 ,she had never been addressed   
before1 though often trying to talk with
 the laborer1 and to the lovely face of 
her meadow acquaintance1 without the    
slightest notice upon their part of the 
overtures4  ,good morning1 sister1 ,i   
say1 was repeated over the fallen tree4 
,where are you going at so slow a pace8 
,come over1 and let us talk a bit4  ,i  
cannot1 for ,i am terribly frightened1  
and ,i've lost my way4 ,i want to quit  

this dark place1 and go where ,i can    
hear the lark again1 and see the pretty 
face which used to look at mine when ,i 
was circling in yonder meadow1 now1 ,i  
fear1 far1 far behind4  ,larks and      
pretty faces1 indeed6 ,why what a       
spooney sister1 you are1 to be sure4    
,i'll show you more birds than ever you 
heard sing before1 and prettier faces   
than ever you saw before4  ,no1 no1 ,i  
must go back1 replied the wanderer2 ,i  
have come too far already1 and see1 the 
rain has almost ceased4  ,more's the    
pity for that1 returned the other2 the  
faster it rains the faster ,i go1 and   
that is what ,i want4 ,i have left my   
family brooks a long time since1 and    
,i'm going on my travels to be somebody4
 ,i'm tired of my lonesome life among   
the meadows4 ,i'm the ambitious         
,brooklet4 ,come over1 then1 and go     
along2 we'll travel the faster in       
company4  ,i'm not ambitious2 and as you
 may see1 ,i cannot come4  ,you're      
almost to the log top now4 ,i'll kiss   

you soon1 triumphed the ambitious       
,brooklet1 circling gayly round a tuft  
of green4  ,it must have been the       
terrible rain1 or the fright of her dark
 journeying place1 that had taken her   
strength away3--the wandering ,brooklet 
felt that it must be3 for now her       
strength of will was almost gone4       
,nearer the log top came in view1 until 
with a bound she swept its polished     
surface1 and with a dash came over upon 
the ambitious ,brooklet4  ,good6 that's 
the way to do it2 now we shall journey  
gayly on1 said the latter1 ,i have lost 
much time in stopping here1 and there   
are such rare sights ahead6  ,the       
wanderer felt the oddest sensations she 
had ever known1 and said1               
,sister--ambitious sister--how much     
warmer than ,i are you6  ,oh1 you are   
young1 ,i suppose--fresh from the icy   
spring4 ,but journey on more southward  
yet1 away from these dark trees1 and    
you'll be warmer yet2 come1 ,i say4  ,i 
like your feel2 but then ,i shall be    

lost1 ,i know ,i shall2 and so ,i'll    
stay behind4  ,you cannot2 for1         
ambitious as ,i am1 ,i want your help4  
,see how much faster we travel together 
when your strength is joined to mine2   
and ,i'm the strongest1 and you can't go
 back4  ,the wandering ,brooklet looked 
fearfully around1 and saw indeed that   
the log she had leaped was now fast     
fading away1 and felt that her strength 
became less and less as the ambitious   
,brooklet clung closer to her side4     
,presently they came in sight of a ledge
 of rocks4 ,oh1 this is rare indeed6    
said the stronger sister ,brooklet1 ,let
 us pause a bit for breath1 and then for
 a merry leap adown the valley of pines 
you see before4  ,the ,brooklets        
stopped1 and became stronger1 and leaped
 over the rocks2 the one with an        
exulting bound--the other carried       
tremblingly along4  ,the leap was a long
 one1 and a hard one2 for there were    
craggy rocks beneath1 which they had not
 seen4 ,and the ambitious ,brooklet     

cried sharply and loudly--foaming in her
 rage as she went between the stony     
points1 and quite forgetting her weaker 
sister in her pain4 ,the latter was     
sorely injured too1 and cut into little 
foam-bits2 but she kept her wits about  
her1 looking around everywhere for a    
place to rest4 ,soon she espied one--a  
little bowl of marshy ground1 hemmed in 
by rocks1 into which a straggling       
dropping from the chasm above slowly    
came4  ,here will ,i go and rest1 she   
said4 ,so waiting for the ambitious     
,brooklet to get far out of sight1 she  
collected all her strength for a jump   
into the bowl1 where the drops came     
sparkling in4 ,there was no need for    
fear of the sister on before2 her she   
heard going over rock after rock1 crying
 and wailing in her craggy journey4     
,then the tired wanderer1 with a violent
 effort of her exhausted strength1      
jumped a rock and fell panting into the 
marshy bowl4   ,,chapter ,,ii4          
,how the ,brooklet lived on in her new  

quarters2 and how      misfortune made  
her discontented4  ,the dropping of the 
water from the rocks above her new      
abode1 was cold and grateful to the     
,brooklet in her fevered state4 ,it made
 her think of the spring she came from2 
and so of the meadow2 and the           
alder-bushes2 and the lovely face a     
weary way off now she knew1 and fenced  
away from her return by cruel jagged    
rocks4  ,days passed by2 and the sun    
came out all brightly4 ,and the moon and
 stars were seen again2 and larger and  
sweeter birds than she had heard before1
 now perched upon the trees about1      
warbling and chirruping from day-break  
to twilight4 ,so the time passed on4    
,the wanderer began to feel unsettled in
 her solitude4 ,but there was no return 
by the path she came2 still were the    
sharp rocks seen above2 and still she   
felt a twinge of pain when thinking of  
her weary journey on that rainy day4    
,often too she thought of her ambitious 
sister1 wondering where she was now and 

what she was about2 and sometimes she   
almost fancied she would have been      
happier had she gone along4 ,it was     
quite evident to herself that she was   
getting discontented4  ,there was one   
pleasure she prized much4 ,following in 
the train of the ambitious ,brooklet had
 been a score of fishes1 which1         
frightened by the leap upon the jagged  
rocks1 had staid behind with the timid  
wanderer1 until they became part of her 
family in the new retreat4 ,overlooking1
 and enjoying the gambols of these fish1
 the discontented ,brooklet often amused
 herself4 ,observing how when the sun   
came slanting through the sides of the  
foliage about1 they would dart out from 
their hiding-places in the old dead     
leaves at the feet of the ,brooklet1 and
 so jump up to greet the warming rays3  
or how1 when a fly fell down from the   
overhanging boughs1 and tried to swim   
away1 they would jump to nab a bit of   
lunch1 scrabbling and tugging as they   
went2 or how1 when the largest fish of  

all threw off his dignity1 and played   
with them at hide and seek under the    
foot-deep bottom of mud1 they would all 
shoot about her life-blood drops without
 regard to the angles of pain their fins
 would leave behind6  ,thus the         
summer-time came on1 and was passing by1
 when one day the ,brooklet felt a      
shadow upon her1 and looked up to see   
the cause--when high upon the rocks     
above1 there stood a bright-eyed boy1   
with curling locks that blew about in   
golden beauty with the breeze4 ,in his  
hand he held a little stick1 which he   
turned over from time to time1 and would
 take up and then lay it down1 as if    
preparing for something wonderful4 ,the 
curiosity of the ,brooklet was aroused  
to know what he could mean1 when        
presently she saw him sit upon the rock1
 and from the stick drop down upon her  
face a worm1 which when the fishes saw  
they darted out to eat4  ,it is a       
beautiful boy2 and a kind boy1 said the 
artless ,brook unto herself2 and he has 

come to feed the little fishes with a   
worm4 ,i have not seen one since ,i left
 my little meadow on that rainy day4    
,how like the lovely face ,i used to    
see1 is his which now looks down4       
,while thus the ,brook was              
soliloquizing1 a fish more cunning than 
the rest1 had seized the worm within his
 mouth1 and was swimming away to his    
favorite hole by an old willow stump to 
there complete a meal4 ,he was just     
entering it1 when the ,brook saw him    
suddenly flash from her embrace1        
floundering and pulling as he went up1  
up through the air1 unto the mossy bank 
above the rock from which fell the      
shadow of the boy4 ,and now the ,brook1 
more curious than ever1 saw the face so 
like the laborer's daughter overspread  
with smiles as the tiny hands grasped   
the fish1 and with a wrench tore out the
 worm from his gills1 a piece of which  
fell on the ,brook athwart the shadow of
 the laugher4  ,what a fine one6 said   
the boy1 and started up2--started up to 

slip against a smooth worn stone1 and   
fall over the rock into the ,brook1     
close by the willow stump2 the captive  
fish held tightly as he went1 but       
slipping from the falling grasp into its
 welcome element once more4  ,the ,brook
 had never felt so hard a blow before4  
,the rain and hail were nothing to this4
 ,it made her splash and leap and swell 
against the rocky bank1 until she could 
have called with pain4  ,how still the  
boy laid on her breast6 his head against
 the willow stump1 over which there     
trickled a tiny purple stream smaller   
than the spring-drops from the rock6    
,how richly his golden locks floated    
upon the ,brook6 but how widely strained
 his bright blue eyes glaring at the sky
 and tree-tops above1 and how he gasped 
from his mouth2 a mouth so like the one 
the laborer had often prest in          
harvest-time to the ,brook1 when it was 
yet circling in the meadow6 ,the ,brook 
said to herself1 ,i will put some of my 
ripples into this mouth1 as ,i have seen

 the laborer do2 perhaps1 like him1 it  
will make his eye sparkle1 and send him 
away again2 for he lies heavy on my     
breast4 ,and so the ripples went into   
the opened mouth by dozens2 but the blue
 sky and tree-tops faded from his eyes1 
and the lips lost their bright color1   
and the purple trickling on the willow  
stump grew thick and settled into a dark
 pool4  ,all night the dead boy lay upon
 the breast of the ,brook2 and the      
fishes played around him1 wondering what
 it was2 and the little insects hopped  
over him at early sunlight2 until the   
purple pool dried up1 and only left a   
stain behind4  ,and soon the ,brook     
heard the hum of voices sounding over   
the rocks1 as she listened from her     
solitude2 and soon more shadows fell    
upon her face4 ,then looking up she saw 
the laborer once again2 and the ,brook  
rejoiced to think perhaps she was going 
back again into her pleasant meadow4 ,he
 had taken up the stick the boy had     
used2 and was looking down below upon   

the ,brook1 as the face--the lovely     
face1 with more of the old sorrow in    
it--of the laborer's daughter1 raised   
itself above his shoulder4  ,my         
brother6--drowned and dead6--and no more
 to come home alive to share his        
sister's home4  ,this the ,brook heard1 
and the fishes swam away into their     
holes1 as piercing1 sorrowful human     
tones mingled with the passing breeze2  
and they struck deeper into the willow  
roots as a pair of brawny arms readied  
out and caught the dead boy1 and carried
 him away4  ,the boy was gone1 but the  
stain was there2 and still a weight     
remained upon the ,brook4 ,for still day
 after day a shadow fell upon her1 and  
the ,brook looking up beheld the lovely 
but mournful face of the sorrowing      
sister1 who would sit upon the mossy    
bank and sigh a sob2 kissing a lock of  
golden hair the while4 ,and heavier grew
 the weight on the breast of the ,brook1
 as scalding tears fell from the rock   
above upon her face4  ,and now the      

,brook again became discontented3 and   
thought of her ambitious sister2 and    
what might have happened had she        
followed after on a weary round of      
travels4 ,the old meadow and the alders 
were out of the question now3 for the   
winter was coming on1 and the laborer   
and the lovely face would no more come  
to her side2 and if they did they would 
sing no more1 but sigh and sob1 and look
 so sad1 as now1 upon the mossy rock    
above4  ,the summer weather was long    
over2 and the leaves were showering     
down1 and had quite hidden the clouds   
and blue sky1 and moon and stars from   
the sight of the ,brook4 ,the birds had 
ceased to sit and warble on the trees   
above4 ,the breezes ceased their music1 
and instead were heard the hoarse notes 
of the ,autumn wind4   ,,chapter ,,iii4 
,how the ,brooklet and the              
,mountain-,torrent met4  ,one day the   
leaves thickened more than ever over the
 ,brook1 and1 as she peeped between1 she
 saw the clouds were heavier and darker 

than usual4 ,the wind roared louder1 and
 the trees which grew so high above her 
bent down their branches until they     
brushed her face with their trailing4   
,and soon the rain began to fall in     
torrents2 and it fell and fell all day2 
all night too4 ,then the ,brook rejoiced
 to think the leaves which she had been 
angry with before for choking her1      
protected from the pattering strokes4   
,and soon the ,brook heard a sound1 like
 that made by her ambitious sister in   
the spring-time2--nearer and nearer it  
came2 through the trees2 over the rocks2
 tearing1 splashing1 dashing1 and       
foaming at a direful rate4  ,it is my   
ambitious sister come for me4 ,i'm glad1
 said the discontented ,brook4  ,glad of
 what8 exclaimed a roaring voice1 coming
 over the rock1 and sweeping away the   
leaves as if they had been a mere       
handful2 and covering up the ugly purple
 stain upon the willow stump4 ,ain't ,i 
a famous fellow1 though8 ,when once my  
blood is up1 can't ,i go on and frighten

 people8 ,can't ,i mine out the earth1  
and sweep along big trees like boats8   
,can't ,i tumble down the rocks that    
dare to stop my path8 ,can't ,i drown   
men and boys1 and all the cattle in the 
land8 ,i've swallowed a dozen haystacks 
for my breakfast1 and killed the finest 
mill-dam over the world this morning4 ,i
 said ,i would as soon as winter came1  
when they dammed me up last spring1 so  
many miles away6 ,oh1 such a mass of    
stone and timber which they put up to   
fret me in my path2 and what a joke to  
think this solid mass is scattered      
through the land since yesternight1 and 
,i am free once more4  ,this is not my  
ambitious sister6 no indeed1 murmured   
the ,brook4  ,why here is a little      
,brook1 continued the voice1 a dainty1  
prudish1 modest ,brook1 collected in a  
hole to die6 ,come out1 my fair one6 ,i 
will wed thee1 as ,i have wedded fifty  
thousand of your sex in my short day6   
,come out2 no fear2 if ,i am the        
,mountain-,torrent1 ,i'm not so great a 

monster as they say1 especially to hurt 
a modest ,brook4  ,so saying the        
,mountain-,torrent caught up the        
shrinking ,brook in his powerful        
embrace1 and away they hurried through  
the very heart of the forest1 miles and 
miles below4  ,this1 this is life       
indeed1 said the wedded ,brook1 once    
more a wanderer over the land1 as with a
 thousand other ,brooks they travelled  
on for many hours with impetuous speed1 
making dreadful havoc everywhere they   
touched4 ,havoc among the farmers and   
the villagers1 who fought them inch by  
inch1 with sticks and trees1 and mounds 
of stone and clay1 all which they licked
 up and swallowed1 as if they had been  
pebbles and clumps of leaves4 ,havoc    
with the ,creeks upon the route1 who    
dared to scorn their overtures1 and wed 
the ,torrent1 willingly2 for spurning   
the placid1 humble ,creeks one side1    
they tore along their paths1 and vented 
their fury on the bridges overhead1     
bringing down in general destruction1   

turnpikes and railroads with their      
pressing weight of travel4  ,havoc to   
themselves6  ,for1 tearing on so madly1 
the ,mountain-,torrent1 after a while1  
perceived his strength to fail1 and his 
endurance to give out4 ,but still he    
hurried on1 though feebly1 in hopes to  
meet more ,brooks1 perhaps a ,lake1 and 
so recruit himself the while4 ,the      
wedded ,brook was wearied too--a little2
 not much2 at first the                 
,mountain-,torrent had held her tightly 
in embrace1 and carried her along with  
scarcely an effort2 but as he wearied   
himself1 much of the toil was thrown    
upon the ,brook1 and she was compelled  
to help herself4 ,on went the ,torrent1 
weaker every step1 until at last he     
stopped and said3  ,oh wedded ,brook6 my
 strength is gone2 here must ,i pause2  
but you go on4 ,perhaps before long ,i  
shall meet you again4 ,go slowly2 over  
the meadows and through the villages    
make me a path2 ,i'll know which way you
 went4  ,and so they parted2 and so the 

lonely ,brook meandered on1 and finding 
out a bubbling spring1 was well         
recruited for the journey4 ,as she went 
she heard1 across a little knoll1 a     
remembered voice1 and stopped4 ,i know  
you1 sister ,brook1 cried out the voice1
 go on a bit and turn towards your left1
 and there ,i'll meet you4  ,and towards
 the left the lonely ,brook met her     
ambitious sister4 ,she was violent no   
more2 but sober and sedate2 calm as the 
evening sky reflected from her face4    
,i'm the 'ambitious one1' said she1     
ambitious yet1 though all my strength   
has departed4 ,here on this spot was ,i 
caught and fastened up4 ,they darkened  
my daylight with that smoking monster   
yonder1 and killed my peace of mind with
 such a horrid din and clang1 ,i've not 
a morsel of energy left4 ,i'm a factory 
slave2 and so are you1 too1 for that    
matter1 now6 ,don't start2 it's not my  
fault--the way that you were going on1  
you would have brought up in the ,pond  
below1 where there is yet another       

smoking monster2 only worse than this of
 mine4 ,the ,pond there is a horrid     
fellow2 poisoning with some horrid      
purple dye3 ,i've seen him often when ,i
 venture near the dam and look below4   
,sister1 take courage1 cried the other  
,brook4 ,i'm glad ,i met you4 ,i'm      
ambitious too1 for ,i was lately wedded 
to a glorious fellow1 and have been on  
such a glorious tour3 scampering over   
all the land4 ,he calls himself the     
',mountain-,torrent4' ,he is now behind 
a mile or so1 and may be down upon us   
before long1 to free us from this       
distressing imprisonment you speak of4  
,the monster smoked on2 and the clanging
 din about maddened all the air4 ,huge  
wheels went racking and rumbling under  
huge brick walls4 ,and day by day1 a    
minute at a time1 some youthful faces1  
pale and shadowy1 looked wistfully upon 
the landscape below4 ,but little knew   
the monster1 and the clanging din1 and  
racking wheels2 and little hoped the    
shadowy faces of what the ,brooklets    

plotted at the very factory door4       
,,chapter ,,iv4       ,how the          
,mountain-,torrent freed the ,brooks2   
and their fate4  ,the frost dropped on  
the ,brooks1 and once more blurred the  
moon and stars1 and shut the sunlight   
out2 and starred a thousand jewels on   
the mill-dam's brow2 and sparkled a     
myriad icicles from the rumbling wheels4
 ,far away into the country it spread a 
white mantle1 and froze into the very   
heart of all the ,ponds and ,creeks     
above4 ,and then the sun came out and   
shone so brightly2 and then the clouds  
over-covered it1 and the rain came      
pattering down as of the olden time1    
when first its peltings stung the meadow
 ,brook and tempted her to roam4 ,and   
higher swelled the ,brooks behind their 
mill-dam prison1 and sent more of their 
life-blood to refresh the poisoned ,pond
 below4  ,i am getting stronger2 ,i am  
very strong to-day1 sister ,brook1 said 
the ambitious one4 ,i think that with   
our efforts now united1 we can push this

 mill-dam over and escape4  ,wait for my
 darling ,mountain-,torrent4 ,i hear him
 on his way2 he follows after us4 ,and  
see down yonder hill-side how he tears  
along2 and hark6 how gladly1 as he sees 
us from his rocky bed1 he roars a song  
of courage4  ,and the sister ,brooks    
triumphed together as they saw the      
keepers of the smoking monster cease    
their clanging din1 and rush for timbers
 to uphold the dam2 and fly about with  
tools that were but baby toys for what  
was coming now4  ,bring trees2 bring    
stones2 bring every thing1 cried out the
 ,brooks1 as they saw the               
,mountain-,torrent come rushing nearer  
on1 sweeping away the fences1 and       
ploughing out a path more fitting for   
his travels than the brookside one he   
kept in view4  ,welcome1 my fair ones1  
roared he1 as with heavy timbers in his 
maw he caught the ,brooks again in      
strong embrace1 and dashing at the      
smoking monster1 knocked him down at    
once4 ,down came the mill-dam with an   

earthquake noise2 the din upon the air  
was not of clanging tools and hammer    
stroke2 the wheels were racking and     
rumbling1 not beneath brick walls1 but  
over the rocks and ruined factories     
below2 while the pale and shadowy faces 
looked no longer wistfully on the       
landscape1 but madly rushed about to    
spread the tale of ruin through the     
land4  ,the same old thing6 ,the same   
old journey over the country4 ,the same 
old havoc as they went4 ,but the        
strength of a thousand ,brooks seemed   
given to the ,mountain-,torrent as1     
looking miles away1 he saw a wide       
expanse of water fringed with brown and 
bluish lines4 ,it is the ,ocean1 fair   
ones1 cried he2 when your feeble sights 
shall see it1 bless my power1 for at    
length we reach a home no art of man can
 invade to fetter us or bind us down4   
,ten millions of our species mingle     
there2 in small harmony it is true1 but 
better fight among ourselves than ever  
thus to wage a war with man4 ,now too   

approaches the time of our revenge3     
we'll take his life2 we'll sink his     
ships2 we'll break his boasted wealth   
into uncounted atoms1 and scatter it4   
,the ,brooks trembled in the strong     
grasp of the ,mountain-,torrent to hear 
the vehemence with which he spoke these 
threatening words2 but lost their fears 
in greater astonishment1 as now they    
neared the ocean waste1 fringed with the
 lines of brown and blue of which he    
spoke4  ,why1 sister1 what a noise6     
cried one of the ,brooks1 our own is not
 to be heard4  ,see what a dreadful wall
 appears to rise and fall as we         
approach1 answered the other4 ,and they 
both clung closer to the embrace of the 
,torrent as he crossed the beach they   
reached at last1 and plunged1 with      
sticks and stones and all1 upon the wall
 of foam and sand1 which parted as the  
,mountain-,torrent and the ,brooks      
joined forces with old ,ocean's solemn  
waste4  ,in an instant the meadow-born  
,brook writhed in pain1 pressed on by   

thousands of ,mountain-,torrents every  
way at once4 ,she foamed and fought1 and
 fought and foamed2 under and over1 up  
and below she plunged1 but no escape2   
one weary work for ages yet to come6    
,revenge once more6 ,gather and rage6   
,dash to ruin ships and sailors6 growled
 a tone which made the writhing ,brook  
tremble into a million foam-beads1 as   
simultaneously a roaring ,tempest       
clattered by with thunder and lightning 
in its train1 while a clashing hiss1 as 
of something rushing madly through the  
water1 bade the ,brook--the sea-slave   
,brook--look up4  ,no time for thought2 
for still the tone was heard1 ,revenge  
once more6 gather and rage6 dash to ruin
 ship and sailors6 ,and still the       
tempest clattered1 and still the hissing
 of the gallant ship's prow was heard   
cleaving the maddened waves4 ,on1 on6 a 
dash2 a crash2 a march of maddening     
waves2 a stunning tempest howl1 and then
 the hiss was heard no more4 ,but far   
and wide were hurried and mashed in one 

chaotic mass the fragments of the       
gallant ship4  ,how wise he is2 how true
 my ,mountain-,torrent spoke1 thought   
the frightened sea-slave ,brook1 as the 
clattering tempest1 with thunder and    
lightning in its train1 passed out of   
sight and hearing leagues beyond4 ,and  
now ,i'll rest me on this sandy beach1  
for this ambitious life is wearisome    
indeed4  ,and she nestled closely to a  
rock1 and so crept into grateful rest4  
,but as she lay1 she looked beyond her  
sandy bed to see the lovely face of her 
early meadow life1 when she was but a   
humble ,brook4 ,pale and ghastly it lay 
upon a rounded stone2 the hair floating 
out like fairy circles from the marked  
brow1 and on the temple such a purple   
thickened stain as once had been upon   
the willow stump4  ,the ,brook came by  
her side and watched her gently as she  
lay4 ,then going farther out1 the ,brook
 brought strings of sea-weed1 and strung
 them gayly and softly round her form1  
and watched her thus again4 ,here will  

,i stay1 thought the ,brook1 and fancy  
,i am still in the sunlight meadow      
before ,i wandered forth into ambitious 
company4 ,there's nought but trouble and
 pain crossed my path since the rainy   
days of the latest spring-time4 ,here   
will ,i stay1 and ever mourn that ,i    
listened to ambitious counselling4      
,,last ,,case ,,of ,,the ,,supernatural4
   ,a writer in the ,january number of  
,fraser's ,magazine1 at the conclusion  
of a tale crammed with the intensest    
horrors1 presents us with one instance  
in which the architect of such machinery
 was foiled4  ,when the recital was     
finished1 and the company were well-nigh
 breathless with its skilfully          
cumulative terror1 cried ,tremenheere-- 
,humph6 that is rather an uncomfortable 
story to go to bed upon4  ,and          
presently--  ,you have been lately in   
,spain1 ,melton2 what news from         
,seville8  ,oh1 replied ,melton1 you    
must have heard of ,don ,juan de        
,murana1 of terrible memory8  ,not we1  

said they4  ,one gloomy evening ,don    
,juan de ,murana was returning along the
 quay where the ,golden ,tower looks    
down upon the ,guadalquivir1 so lost in 
thought that it was some time before he 
perceived that his cigar had gone out1  
though he was one of the most determined
 smokers in ,spain4 ,he looked about    
him1 and beheld on the other side of the
 broad river an individual whose        
brilliant cigar sparkled like a star of 
the first magnitude at every aspiration4
  ,don ,juan1 who1 thanks to the terror 
which he had inspired1 was accustomed to
 see all the world obedient to his      
caprices1 shouted to the smoker to come 
across the river and give him a light4  
,the smoker1 without taking that        
trouble1 stretched out his arm towards  
the ,don1 and so effectually that it    
traversed the river like a bridge1 and  
presented to ,don ,juan a glowing cigar1
 which smelt most abominably of sulphur4
  ,if ,don ,juan felt something like a  
rising shudder1 he suppressed it1 coolly

 lighted his own cigar at that of the   
smoker1 and went on his way1 singing1   
,los ,toros a la puerta4  ,but who was  
the smoker8  ,who could he be1 but the  
,prince of ,darkness in person1 who had 
laid a wager with ,pluto that he would  
frighten ,don ,juan ,de ,murana1 and    
went back to his place furious at having
 lost8  ,if you would learn more of ,don
 ,juan de ,murana1 how he went to his   
own funeral1 and died at last in the    
odor of sanctity1 read that most        
spirited series of letters1 ,de ,paris a
 ,cadix1 wherein ,alexander ,dumas has  
surpassed himself4 ,and now1 ,good      
night6     ,a ,,story ,,without ,a      
,,name,m  ,written ,for ,the            
,international ,monthly ,magazine  ,,by 
,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,james1 ,,esq4  ,continued 
from ,page #cdh4   ,,chapter ,,xiv4     
,occasionally in the life of man1 as in 
the life of the world--,history--or in  
the course of a stream towards the sea1 
come quiet lapses1 sunny and calm1      
reflecting nothing but the still        

motionless objects around1 or the blue  
sky and moving clouds above4 ,often too 
we find that this tranquil expanse of   
silent water follows quickly after some 
more rapid movement1 comes close upon   
some spot where a dashing rapid has     
diversified the scene1 or a cataract1 in
 roar and confusion and sparkling       
terror1 has broken the course of the    
stream4  ,such a still pause1 silent of 
action--if ,i may use the term--followed
 the events which ,i have related in the
 last chapter1 extending over a period  
of nearly six months4 ,nothing happened 
worthy of any minute detail4 ,peace and 
tranquillity dwelt in the various       
households which ,i have noticed in the 
course of this story1 enlivened in that 
of ,sir ,philip ,hastings by the gay    
spirit of ,emily ,hastings1 although    
somewhat shadowed by the sterner        
character of her father2 and in the     
household of ,mrs4 ,hazleton brightened 
by the light of hope1 and the fair      
prospect of success in all her schemes  

which for a certain time continued to   
open before her4  ,mr4 ,marlow only     
spent two days at her house1 and then   
went away to ,london1 but whatever      
effect her beauty might have produced   
upon him1 his society1 brief as it was1 
served but to confirm her feelings      
towards him1 and before he left her1 she
 had made up her mind fully and         
entirely1 with her characteristic vigor 
and strength of resolution1 that her    
marriage with ,mr4 ,marlow was an event 
which must and should be4 ,there was    
under this conviction1 but not the less 
strong1 not the less energetic1 not the 
less vehement1 for being concealed even 
from herself--a resolution that no      
sacrifice1 no fear1 no hesitation at any
 course1 should stand in the way of her 
purpose4 ,she did not anticipate many   
difficulties certainly2 for ,mr4 ,marlow
 clearly admired her2 but the resolution
 was1 that if difficulties should arise1
 she would overcome them at all cost4   
,hers was one of those characters of    

which the world makes its tragedies1    
having within itself passions too strong
 and deep to be frequently excited--as  
the more profound waters which rise into
 mountains when once in motion require a
 hurricane to still them--together with 
that energetic will1 that fixed         
unbending determination1 which like the 
outburst of a torrent from the hills1   
sweeps away all before it4 ,but let it  
be ever remembered that her energies    
were exerted upon herself as well as    
upon others1 not in checking passion1   
not in limiting desire1 but in guarding 
scrupulously every external appearance1 
guiding every thought and act with      
careful art towards its destined object4
 ,mrs4 ,hazleton suffered ,mr4 ,marlow  
to be in ,london more than a month      
before she followed to conclude the mere
 matters of business between them4 ,it  
cost her a great struggle with herself1 
but in that struggle she was successful1
 and when at length she went1 she had   
several interviews with him4            

,circumstances--that great enemy of     
schemes1 was against her4 ,sometimes    
lawyers were present at their           
interviews1 sometimes impertinent       
friends2 but ,mrs4 ,hazleton did not    
much care3 she trusted to the time he   
was speedily about to pass in the       
country1 for the full effect1 and in the
 meantime took care that nothing but the
 golden side of the shield should be    
presented to her knight4  ,the continent
 was at that time open to ,englishmen   
for a short period1 and ,mr4 ,marlow    
expressed his determination of going to 
the ,court of ,versailles for a month or
 six weeks before he came down to take  
possession of ,hartwell place1          
everything now having been settled      
between them in regard to business4     
,mrs4 ,hazleton did not like his        
determination1 yet she did not much fear
 the result2 for ,mr4 ,marlow was       
preeminently ,english1 and never likely 
to weal a ,french woman4 ,still she     
resolved that he should see her under   

another aspect before he went4 ,she was 
a great favorite of the ,court of those 
days2 her station1 her wealth1 her      
beauty1 and her grace rendered her a    
brightness and an ornament wherever she 
came4 ,she was invited to one of the    
more private though not less splendid   
assemblies at the ,palace1 and she      
contrived that ,mr4 ,marlow should be   
invited also1 though neither by nature  
or habit a courtier4 ,she obtained the  
invitation for him skilfully1 saying to 
the ,royal ,personage of whom she asked 
it1 that as he won a lawsuit against    
her1 she wished to show him that she    
bore no malice4 ,he went1 and found her 
the brightest in the brilliant scene2   
the great and the proud1 the handsome   
and the gay1 all bending down and       
worshipping1 all striving for a smile1  
and obtaining it but scantily4 ,she     
smiled upon him1 however1 not           
sufficiently to attract remark from     
others1 but quite sufficiently to mark a
 strong distinction for his own eyes1 if

 he had chosen to use them4 ,he went    
away to ,france1 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton    
returned to the country2 the winter     
passed with her in arranging his house  
for him2 and1 in so doing1 she often had
 to write to him4 ,his replies were     
always prompt1 kind1 and grateful2 and  
at length came the spring1 and the      
pleasant tidings that he was on his way 
back to his beloved ,england4  ,alas for
 human expectation6 ,alas for the gay   
day-dream of youth--maturity--middle    
age--old age--for they have all their   
daydreams6 ,every passion which besets  
man from the cradle to the grave has its
 own visionary expectations4 ,each      
creature1 each animal1 from the tiger to
 the beetle1 has its besetting insect1  
which preys upon it1 gnaws it1 irritates
 it1 and so have all the ages of the    
soul and of the heart4 ,alas for human  
speculation of all kinds6 ,alas for     
every hope and aspiration6 for those    
that are pure and high1 but1 growing out
 of earth1 bear within themselves the   

bitter seeds of disappointment2 and     
those that are dark or low produce the  
germ of the most poisonous hybrid1 where
 disappointment is united with remorse4 
,happy is the man that expecteth        
nothing1 for verily he shall not be     
disappointed6 ,it is a quaint old       
saying2 and could philosophy ever stem  
the course of ,god's will1 it would be  
one which1 well followed1 might secure  
to man some greater portion of mortal   
peace than he possesses4 ,but to aspire 
was the ordinance of ,god2 and1 viewed  
rightly1 the withering of the flowers   
upon each footstep we have taken        
upwards1 is no discouragement2 for if we
 shape our path aright1 there is a      
wreath of bright blossoms crowning each 
craggy peak before us1 as we ascend to  
snatch the garland of immortal glory1   
placed just beyond the last awful leap  
of death4  ,mrs4 ,hazleton's            
aspirations1 however1 were all earthly4 
,she thought of little beyond this life4
 ,she had never been taught so to think4

 ,there are some who are led astray from
 the path of noble daring1 to others as 
difficult and more intricate1 by some   
loud shout of passion on the right or on
 the left--and seek in vain to return2  
some who1 misled by an apparent         
similarity in the course of two paths1  
although the finger post says1 ,thus    
shalt thou go6 think that the way so    
plainly beaten1 and so seemingly easy1  
must surely lead them to the same point4
 ,others again never learn to read the  
right path from the wrong 7and she was  
one71 while others shut their eyes to   
all direction1 fix their gaze upon the  
summit1 and strain up1 now amidst       
flowers and now amidst thorns1 till they
 are cast back from the face of some    
steep precipice1 to perish in the       
descent or at the foot4  ,mrs4          
,hazleton's aspirations were all        
earthly2 and that was the secret of her 
only want in beauty4 ,that divine form1 
that resplendent face1 beamed with every
 earthly grace3 sparkled forth mind and 

intellect in every glance1 but they were
 wanting in soul1 in spirit1 and in     
heart4 ,life was there1 but the life of 
life1 the intense flame of immortal1    
over-earthly intelligence1 was wanting4 
,she might be the grandest animal that  
ever was seen1 the most bright and      
capable intellect that ever dealt with  
mortal things2 but the fine golden chain
 which leads on the electric fire from  
intellectual eminence to spiritual      
preeminence1 from mind to soul1 from    
earth to heaven1 was wanting1 or had    
been broken4 ,her loveliness none could 
doubt1 her charm of manner none could   
deny1 her intellectual superiority all  
admitted1 her womanly softness added a  
grace beyond them all2 but there was one
 grace wanting--the grace of a high1    
holy soul1 which1 in those who have it1 
be they fair1 be they ugly1 pours forth 
as an emanation from every look and     
every action1 and surrounds them with a 
cloud of radiance1 faintly imaged by the
 artist's glory round a saint4  ,alas   

for human aspirations6 ,alas for the    
expectations of this fair frail         
creature6 ,how eagerly she thought of   
,mr4 ,marlow's return6 how she had      
anticipated their meeting again6 ,how   
she had calculated upon all that would  
be said and done during the next few    
weeks6 ,the first news she received was 
that he had arrived1 and with a few     
servants had taken possession of his new
 dwelling4 ,she remained all day in her 
own house2 she ordered no carriage2 she 
took no walk3 she tried to read2 she    
played upon various instruments of      
music2 she thought each instant he would
 come1 at least for a few minutes1 to   
thank her for all the care she had      
bestowed to make his habitation         
comfortable4 ,the sun gilded the west2  
the melancholy moon rose up in solemn   
splendor2 the hours passed by1 and he   
came not4  ,the next morning1 she heard 
that he had ridden over to the house of 
,sir ,philip ,hastings1 and indignation 
warred with love in her bosom4 ,she     

thought he must certainly come that day1
 and she resolved angrily to upbraid him
 for his want of courtesy4 ,luckily1    
however1 for her1 he did not come that  
day2 and a sort of melancholy took      
possession of her4 ,luckily1 ,i say2 for
 when passion takes hold of a scheme it 
is generally sure to shake it to pieces1
 and that melancholy loosens the grasp  
of passion for a time4 ,the next day he 
did come1 and with an air so easy and   
unconscious of offence as almost to     
provoke her into vehemence again4 ,he   
knew not what she felt--he had no idea  
of how he had been looked for4 ,he was  
as ignorant that she had ever thought of
 him as a husband1 as she was that he   
had ever compared her in his mind to his
 own mother4  ,he talked quietly1       
indifferently1 of his having been over  
to the house of ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 
adding merely--not as an excuse1 but as 
a simple fact--that he had been unable  
to call there as he had promised before 
leaving the country4 ,he dilated upon   

the kind reception he had met with from 
,lady ,hastings1 for ,sir ,philip was   
absent upon business2 and he went on to 
dwell rather largely upon the exceeding 
beauty and great grace of ,emily        
,hastings4  ,oh how ,mrs4 ,hazleton     
hated her6 ,it requires but a few drops 
of poison to envenom a whole well4  ,he 
did worse3 he proceeded to descant upon 
her character--upon the blended         
brightness and deep thought--upon the   
high-souled emotions and child-like     
sparkle of her disposition--upon the    
simplicity and complexity1 upon the     
many-sided splendor of her character1   
which1 like the cut diamond1 reflected  
each ray of light in a thousand varied  
and dazzling hues4 ,oh how ,mrs4        
,hazleton hated her--hated1 because for 
the first time she began to fear4 ,he   
had spoken to her in praise of another  
woman--with loud encomiums too1 with a  
brightened eye1 and a look which told   
her more than his words4 ,these were    
signs not to be mistaken4 ,they did not 

show in the least that he loved ,emily  
,hastings1 and that she knew right well2
 but they showed that he did not love   
her2 and there was the poison in the    
cup4  ,so painful1 so terrible was the  
sensation1 that1 with all her mastery   
over herself1 she could not conceal the 
agony under which she writhed4 ,she     
became silent1 grave1 fell into fits of 
thought1 which clouded the broad brow1  
and made the fine-cut lip quiver4 ,mr4  
,marlow was surprised and grieved4 ,he  
asked himself what could be the matter4 
,something had evidently made her       
sorrowful1 and he could not trace the   
sorrow to its source2 for she carefully 
avoided uttering one word in            
depreciation of ,emily ,hastings4 ,in   
this she showed no woman's spirit4 ,she 
could have stabbed her1 had the girl    
been there in her presence2 but she     
would not scratch her4 ,petty spite was 
too low for her1 too small for the      
character of her mind4 ,hers was a heart
 capable of revenge1 and would be       

satisfied with nothing less4  ,mr4      
,marlow soothed her1 spoke to her       
kindly1 tenderly1 tried to lead her mind
 away1 to amuse1 to entertain her4 ,oh1 
it was all gall and bitterness to her4  
,he might have cursed1 abused1 insulted 
her1 without1 perhaps--diminishing her  
love--certainly without inflicting half 
the anguish that was caused by his      
gentle words4 ,it is impossible to tell 
all the varied emotions that went on in 
her heart--at least for me4 ,shakspeare 
could have done it1 but none less than  
,shakspeare4 ,for a moment she knew not 
whether she loved or hated him2 but she 
soon felt and knew it was love2 and the 
hate1 like lightning striking a rock1   
and glancing from the solid stone to    
rend a sapling1 all turned away from    
him1 to fall upon the head of poor      
unconscious ,emily ,hastings4  ,though  
she could not recover from the blow she 
had received1 yet she soon regained     
command over herself1 conversed1 smiled1
 banished absorbing thoughts1 answered  

calmly1 pertinently1 even spoke in her  
own bright1 brilliant way1 with a few   
more figures and ornaments of speech    
than usual2 for figures are things      
rather of the head than of the heart1   
and it was from the head that she was   
now speaking4  ,at length ,mr4 ,marlow  
took his leave1 and for the first time  
in life she was glad he was gone4  ,mrs4
 ,hazleton gave way to no burst of      
passion3 she shed not a tear2 she       
uttered no exclamation4 ,that which was 
within her heart1 was too intense for   
any such ordinary expression4 ,she      
seated herself at a table1 leaned her   
head upon her hand1 and fixed her eyes  
upon one bright spot in the marquetry4  
,there she sat for more than an entire  
hour1 without a motion1 and in the      
meantime what were the thoughts that    
passed through her brain8 ,we have shown
 the feelings of her heart enough4  ,she
 formed plans2 she determined her       
course2 she looked around for means4    
,various persons suggested themselves to

 her mind as instruments4 ,the three    
women1 ,i have mentioned in a preceding 
chapter--the good sort of friends4 ,but 
it was an agent she wanted1 not a       
confidant4 ,no1 no1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton knew
 better than to have a confidant4 ,she  
was her own best council-keeper1 and she
 knew it4 ,nevertheless1 these good     
ladies might serve to act in subordinate
 parts1 and she assigned to each of them
 their position in her scheme with      
wonderful accuracy and skill4 ,as she   
did so1 however1 she remembered that it 
was by the advice of ,mrs4 ,warmington  
that she had brought ,mr4 ,marlow to    
,hartwell ,place2 and in her heart's    
secret chamber she gave her fair friend 
a goodly benediction4 ,she resolved to  
use her nevertheless--to use her as far 
as she could be serviceable2 and she    
forgot not that she herself had been art
 and part in the scheme that had failed4
 ,she was not one to shelter herself    
from blame by casting the whole storm of
 disappointment upon another4 ,she took 

her own full share4 ,if she was a fool  
so to advise1 said ,mrs4 ,hazleton1     
'twas a greater fool to follow her      
advice4  ,she then turned to seek for   
the agent4 ,no name presented itself but
 that of ,shanks1 the attorney2 and she 
smiled bitterly when she thought of him4
 ,she recollected that ,sir ,philip     
,hastings had thrown him head-foremost  
down the steps of the terrace1 and that 
was very satisfactory to her2 for1      
although ,mr4 ,shanks was a man who     
sometimes bore injuries very meekly1 he 
never forgot them4  ,nevertheless1 she  
had somewhat a difficult part to play1  
for most agents have a desire of        
becoming confidants also1 and that ,mrs4
 ,hazleton determined her attorney      
should not be4 ,the task was to         
insinuate her purposes rather than to   
speak them--to act1 without betraying   
the motive of action--to make another   
act1 without committing herself by      
giving directions4  ,nevertheless1 ,mrs4
 ,hazleton arranged it all to her own   

satisfaction2 and as she did so1 amongst
 the apparently extinct ashes of former 
schemes1 one small spark of hope began  
to glow1 giving promise for the time to 
come4 ,what did she propose8 ,at first1 
nothing more than to drive ,sir ,philip 
,hastings and his family from the       
country1 mingling the gratification of  
personal hatred with efforts for the    
accomplishment of her own purposes4 ,it 
was a bold attempt1 but ,mrs4 ,hazleton 
had her plan2 and she sat down and wrote
 for ,mr4 ,shanks1 the attorney4        
,,chapter ,,xv4  ,decorum came in with  
the house of ,hanover4 ,i know not      
whether men and women in ,england were  
more virtuous before--,i think not--but 
they certainly were more frank in both  
their virtues and their vices4 ,there   
were fewer of those vices of            
conventionality thrown around the human 
heart--fewer ,i mean to say of those    
cold restraints1 those gilded chains of 
society1 which1 like the ornaments that 
ladies wear upon their necks and arms1  

seem like fetters2 but1 ,i fear me1     
restrain but little human action1 curb  
not passion1 and are to the strong will 
but as the green rushes round the limbs 
of the ,hebrew giant4 ,decorum came into
 ,england with the house of ,hanover2   
but ,i am speaking of a period before   
that1 when ladies were less fearful of  
the tongue of scandal1 when scandal     
itself was fearful of assailing virtue1 
when honesty of purpose and purity of   
heart could walk free in the broad day1 
and men did not venture to suppose evil 
acts perpetrated whenever1 by a         
possibility1 they could be committed4   
,emily ,hastings walked quietly along by
 the side of ,mr4 ,marlow1 through her  
father's park4 ,there was no one with   
him1 no keen matron's ear to listen to  
and weigh their words1 no brother to    
pretend to accompany them1 and either   
feel himself weary with the task or     
lighten it by seeking his own amusement 
apart4 ,they were alone together1 and   
they talked without restraint4 ,ye gods1

 how they did talk6 ,the dear girl was  
in one of her brightest1 gayest moods4  
,there was nothing that did not move her
 fancy or become a servant to it4 ,the  
clouds as they shot across the sky1 the 
blue fixed hills in the distance1 the   
red and yellow and green coloring of the
 young budding oaks1 the dancing of ,the
 stream1 the song of the bird1 the      
whisper of the wind1 the misty spring   
light which spread over the morning     
distance1 all had illustrations for her 
thoughts4 ,it seemed that day as if she 
could not speak without a figure--as if 
she revelled in the flowers of          
imagination1 like a child tossing about 
the new mown grass in a hay-field4 ,and 
he1 with joyous sport1 took pleasure in 
furnishing her at every moment with new 
material for the bounding play of fancy4
  ,they had not known each other long2  
but there was something in the young    
man's manner--nay1 let me go farther--in
 his character1 which invited           
confidence1 which besought the hearts   

around to throw off all strange         
disguise1 and promised that he would    
take no base advantage of their         
openness4 ,that something was perhaps   
his earnestness3 one felt that he was   
true in all he said or did or looked3   
that his words were but his spoken      
feelings3 his countenance a paper on    
which the heart at once recorded its    
sensations4 ,but let me not be mistaken4
 ,do not let it be supposed that when ,i
 say he was earnest1 ,i mean that he was
 even grave4 ,oh no6 ,earnestness can   
exist as well in the merriest as in the 
soberest heart4 ,one can be as earnest1 
as truthful1 even as eager in joy or    
sport1 as in sorrow or sternness4 ,but  
he was earnest in all things1 and it was
 this earnestness which probably found a
 way for him to so many dissimilar      
hearts4  ,emily knew not at all what it 
was doing with hers2 but she felt that  
he was one before whom she had no need  
to hide a thought3 that if she were gay1
 she might be gay in safety3 that if she

 were inclined to muse1 she might muse  
on in peace4  ,onward they walked1      
talking of every thing on earth but     
love4 ,it was in the thoughts of        
neither4 ,emily knew nothing about it3  
the tranquil expanse of life had never  
for her been even rippled by the wing of
 passion4 ,marlow might know more2 but  
for the time he was lost in the         
enjoyment of the moment4 ,the little    
enemy might be carrying on the war      
against the fortress of each unconscious
 bosom2 but if so1 it was by the silent 
sap and mine1 more potent far than the  
fierce assault or thundering            
cannonade--at least in this sort of     
warfare4  ,they were wending their way  
towards a gate1 at the very extreme     
limit of the park1 which opened upon a  
path leading by a much shorter way to   
,mr4 ,marlow's own dwelling than the    
road he usually pursued4 ,he had that   
morning come to spend but an hour at the
 house of ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 and he
 had an engagement at his own house at  

noon4 ,he had spent two hours instead of
 one with ,emily and her mother1 and    
therefore short paths were preferable to
 long ones for his purpose1 ,emily had  
offered to show him the way to the gate1
 and her company was sure to shorten the
 road1 though it might lengthen the time
 it took to travel4  ,now in describing 
the park of ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 ,i  
have said that there was a wide open    
space around the mansion2 but ,i have   
also said1 that at some distance the    
trees gathered thick and sombre4 ,those 
nearest the house gathered together in  
clumps1 confusing the eye in a          
wilderness of hawthorns1 and bushes1 and
 evergreen oaks1 while beyond appeared a
 dense mass of wood2 and1 through the   
scattered tufts of trees and thick      
woodland at the extreme of the park ran 
several paths traced by deer1 and       
park-keepers1 and country folk4 ,thus   
for various reasons some guidance was   
needful to ,marlow on his way1 and for  
more reasons still he was well pleased  

that the guide should be ,emily         
,hastings4 ,in the course of their walk1
 amongst many other subjects they spoke 
of ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 and ,marlow         
expatiated warmly on her beauty1 and    
grace1 and kindness of heart4 ,how      
different was the effect of all this    
upon ,emily ,hastings from that which   
his words in her praise had produced    
upon her of whom he spoke6 ,emily's     
heart was free4 ,emily had no schemes1  
no plans1 no purposes4 ,she knew not    
that there was one feeling in her bosom 
with which praise of ,mrs4 ,hazleton    
could ever jar4 ,she loved her well4    
,such eyes as hers are not practised in 
seeing into darkness4 ,she had divined  
the ,italian singer--perhaps by         
instinct1 perhaps by some distinct      
trait1 which occasionally will betray   
the most wily4 ,but ,mrs4 ,hazleton was 
a fellow-woman--a woman of great        
brightness and many fine qualities4     
,neither had she any superficial defects
 to indicate a baser metal or a harder  

within4 ,if she was not all gold1 she   
was doubly gilt4  ,emily praised her    
too1 warmed with the theme2 and eagerly 
exclaimed1 ,she always seems to me like 
one of those dames of fairy tales1 upon 
whom some enchanter has bestowed a charm
 that no one can resist4 ,it is not her 
beauty2 for ,i feel the same when ,i    
hear her voice and shut my eyes4 ,it is 
not her conversation2 for ,i feel the   
same when ,i look at her and she is     
silent4 ,it seems to breathe from her   
presence like the odor of a flower4 ,it 
is the same when she is grave as when   
she is gay4  ,aye1 and when she is      
melancholy1 replied ,marlow4 ,i never   
felt it more powerfully than a few days 
ago when ,i spent an hour with her1 and 
she was not only grave but sad4         
,melancholy6 exclaimed ,emily4 ,i never 
saw her so4 ,grave ,i have seen         
her--thoughtful1 silent--but never sad2 
and ,i do not know that she has not     
seemed more charming to me in those     
grave1 stiller moods1 than in more      

cheerful ones4 ,do you know that in     
looking at the beautiful statues which  
,i have seen in ,london1 ,i have often  
thought they might lose half their charm
 if they would move and speak8 ,thus1   
too1 with ,mrs4 ,hazleton2 she seems to 
me even more lovely1 more full of grace1
 in perfect stillness than at any other 
time4 ,my father1 she added1 after a    
moment's pause1 is the only one who in  
her presence seems spell-proof4  ,her   
words threw ,marlow into a momentary fit
 of thought4 ,why1 he asked himself1 was
 ,sir ,philip ,hastings spell-proof when
 all others were charmed8  ,men have a  
habit of depending much upon men's      
judgment1 whether justly or unjustly ,i 
will not stop to inquire4 ,they rely    
less upon woman's judgment in such      
matters2 and yet women are amongst the  
keenest discerners--when they are       
unbiassed by passion4 ,but are they     
often so8 ,perhaps it is from a         
conviction that men judge less          
frequently from impulse1 decide more    

generally from cause1 that this         
presumption of their accuracy exists4   
,woman--perhaps from seclusion1 perhaps 
from nature--is more a creature of      
instincts than man4 ,they are given her 
for defence where reason would act too  
slowly2 and where they do act strongly1 
they are almost invariably right4 ,man  
goes through the slower process1 and    
naturally relies more firmly on the     
result2 for reason demonstrates where   
instinct leads blindfold4 ,marlow judged
 ,sir ,philip ,hastings by himself1 and 
fancied that he must have some cause for
 being spell-proof against the          
fascinations of ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,this  
roused the first doubt in his mind as to
 her being all that she seemed4 ,he     
repelled the doubt as injurious1 but it 
returned from time to time in after     
days1 and at length gave him a clue to  
an intricate labyrinth4  ,the walk came 
to an end1 too soon he thought4 ,emily  
pointed out the gate as soon as it      
appeared in sight1 shook hands with him 

and returned homeward4 ,he thought more 
of her after they had parted1 than when 
she was with him4 ,there are times when 
the most thoughtful do not think--when  
they enjoy4 ,but now1 every word1 every 
look of her who had just left him1 came 
back to memory4 ,not that he would admit
 to himself that there was the least    
touch of love in his feelings4 ,oh no6  
,he had known her too short a time for  
such a serious passion as love to have  
any thing to do with his sensations4 ,he
 only thought of                        
her--mused--pondered--recalled all she  
had said and done1 because she was so   
unlike any thing he had seen or heard of
 before--a something new--a something to
 be studied4  ,she was but a girl--a    
mere child1 he said2 and yet there was  
something more than childish grace in   
that light1 but rounded form1 where     
beauty was more than budding1 but not   
quite blossomed1 like a moss-rose in its
 loveliest state of loveliness4 ,and her
 mind too2 there was nothing childish in

 her thoughts except their playfulness4 
,the morning dew-drops had not yet      
exhaled2 but the day-star of the mind   
was well up in the sky4  ,she was one of
 those1 on whom it is dangerous for a   
man afraid of love to meditate too long4
 ,she was one the effect of whose looks 
and words is not evanescent4 ,that of   
mere beauty passes away4 ,how many a    
face do we see and think it the         
loveliest in the world2 yet shut the    
eyes an hour after1 and try to recall   
the features--to paint them to the      
mind's eye4 ,you cannot4 ,but there are 
others that link themselves with every  
feeling of the heart1 that twine        
themselves with constantly recurring    
thoughts1 that never can be             
effaced--never forgotten--on which age  
or time1 disease or death1 may do its   
work without effecting one change in the
 reality embalmed in memory4 ,destroy   
the die1 break the mould1 you may2 but  
the medal and the cast remain4 ,had     
,marlow lived a hundred years--had he   

never seen ,emily ,hastings again1 not  
one line of her bright face1 not one    
speaking look1 would have passed from   
his memory4 ,he could have painted a    
portrait of her had he been an artist4  
,did you ever gaze long at the sun1     
trying your eyes against the eagle's8   
,if so1 you have had the bright orb     
floating before your eyes the whole day 
after4 ,and so it was with ,marlow3     
throughout the long hours that followed1
 he had ,emily ,hastings ever before    
him4 ,but yet he did not love her4 ,oh  
dear no1 not in the least4 ,love he     
thought was very different from mere    
admiration4 ,it was a plant of slower   
growth4 ,he was no believer in love at  
first sight4 ,he was an infidel as to   
,romeo and ,juliet1 and he had firmly   
resolved if ever he did fall in love1 it
 should be done cautiously4  ,poor man6 
he little knew how deep he was in       
already4  ,in the meanwhile1 ,emily     
walked onward4 ,she was heart-whole at  
least4 ,she had never dreamed of love4  

,it had not been one of her studies4    
,her father had never presented the idea
 to her4 ,her mother had often talked of
 marriage1 and marriages good and bad2  
but always put them in the light of     
alliances--compacts--negotiated         
treaties4 ,although ,lady ,hastings knew
 what love is as well as any one1 and   
had felt it as deeply1 yet she did not  
wish her daughter to be as romantic as  
she had been1 and therefore the subject 
was avoided4 ,emily thought a good deal 
of ,mr4 ,marlow1 it is true4 ,she       
thought him handsome1 graceful1         
winning--one of the pleasantest         
companions she had ever known4 ,she     
liked him better than any one she had   
ever seen2 and his words rang in her    
ears long after they were spoken4 ,but  
even imagination1 wicked spinner of     
golden threads as she is1 never drew one
 link between his fate and hers4 ,the   
time had not yet come1 if it was to     
come4  ,she walked on1 however1 through 
the wood2 and just when she was emerging

 from the thicker part into the clumps  
and scattered trees1 she saw a stranger 
before her1 leaning against the stump of
 an old hawthorn1 and seeming to suffer 
pain4 ,he was young1 handsome1          
well-dressed1 and there was a gun lying 
at his feet4 ,but as ,emily drew nearer1
 she saw blood slowly trickling from his
 arm1 and falling on the gray sand of   
the path4  ,she was not one to suffer   
shyness to curb humanity2 and she       
exclaimed at once1 with a look of alarm1
 ,i am afraid you are hurt1 sir4 ,had   
you not better come up to the house8    
,the young man looked at her1 fainted1  
and answered in a low tone1 ,the gun has
 gone off1 caught by a branch1 and has  
shattered my arm4 ,i thought ,i could   
reach the cottage by the park gates1 but
 ,i feel faint4  ,stay1 stay a moment1  
cried ,emily1 ,i will run to the hall   
and bring assistance--people to assist  
you upon a carriage4  ,no1 no6 answered 
the stranger quickly1 ,i cannot go      
there--,i will not go there6 ,the       

cottage is nearer1 he continued more    
calmly2 ,i think with a little help ,i  
could reach it1 if ,i could staunch the 
blood4  ,let me try1 exclaimed ,emily2  
and with ready zeal1 she tied her       
handkerchief round his arm1 not without 
a shaking hand indeed1 but with firmness
 and some skill4  ,now lean upon me1 she
 said1 when she had done2 the cottage is
 indeed nearer1 but you would have      
better tendance if you could reach the  
hall4  ,no1 no1 the cottage1 replied the
 stranger1 ,i shall do well there4  ,the
 cottage was perhaps two hundred yards  
nearer to the spot on which they stood  
than the hall2 but there was an         
eagerness about the young man's refusal 
to go to the latter1 which ,emily       
remarked4 ,suspicion indeed was alive to
 her mind2 but those were days when laws
 concerning game1 which have every year 
been becoming less and less strict1 were
 hardly less severe than in the time of 
,william ,rufus4 ,every day1 in the     
country life which she led1 she heard   

some tale of poaching or its punishment4
 ,the stranger had a gun with him2 she  
had found him in her father's park2 he  
was unwilling even in suffering and need
 of help to go up to the hall for       
succor2 and she could not but fancy that
 for some frolic1 perhaps some jest1 or 
some wild whim1 he had been trespassing 
upon the manor in pursuit of game4 ,that
 he was an ordinary poacher she could   
not suppose2 his dress1 his appearance  
forbade such a supposition4  ,but there 
was something more4  ,in the young man's
 face--more in its expression than its  
features perhaps--more in certain       
marking lines and sudden glances than in
 the general whole--there was something 
familiar to her--something that seemed  
akin to her4 ,he was handsomer than her 
father2 of a more perfect though less   
lofty character of beauty2 and yet there
 was a strange likeness1 not constant1  
but flashing occasionally upon her brow1
 in what1 when1 she could hardly        
determine4  ,it roused another sort of  

sympathy from any she had felt before2  
and once more she asked him to go up to 
the hall4  ,if you have been taking your
 sport1 she said1 where perhaps you     
ought not1 ,i am sure my father will    
look over it without a word1 when he    
sees how you are hurt4 ,although people 
sometimes think he is stern and severe1 
that is all a mistake4 ,he is kind and  
gentle1 ,i assure you1 when he does not 
feel that duty requires him to be rigid4
  ,the stranger gave a quick start1 and 
replied in a tone which would have been 
haughty and fierce1 had not weakness    
subdued it1 ,i have been shooting only  
where ,i have a right to shoot4 ,but ,i 
will not go up to the hall1 till--but ,i
 dare say ,i can get down to the cottage
 without help1 ,mistress ,emily4 ,i have
 been accustomed to do without help in  
the world2 and he withdrew his arm from 
that which supported him4 ,the next     
moment1 however1 he tottered1 and seemed
 ready to fall1 and ,emily again hurried
 to help him4 ,there were no more words 

spoken4 ,she thought his manner somewhat
 uncivil2 she would not leave him1 and  
the necessity for her kindness was soon 
apparent4 ,ere they were within a       
hundred yards of the cottage1 he sunk   
slowly down4 ,his face grew pale and    
death-like1 and his eyes closed faintly 
as he lay upon the turf4 ,emily ran on  
like lightning to the cottage1 and      
called out the old man who lived there4 
,the old man called his son from the    
little garden1 and with his and other   
help1 carried the fainting man in4  ,ay1
 master ,john1 master ,john1 exclaimed  
the old cottager1 as he laid him in his 
own bed2 one of your wild pranks1 ,i    
warrant6  ,his wife1 his son1 and he    
himself tended the young man with care2 
and a young boy was sent off for a      
surgeon4  ,emily did not know what to   
do2 but compassion kept her in the      
cottage till the stranger recovered his 
consciousness1 and then after inquiring 
how he felt1 she was about to withdraw1 
intending to send down further aid from 

the hall4 ,but the stranger beckoned her
 faintly to come nearer1 and said in    
tones of real gratitude1 ,thank you a   
thousand times1 ,mistress ,emily2 ,i    
never thought to need such kindness at  
your hands4 ,but now do me another1 and 
say not a word to any one at the mansion
 of what has happened4 ,it will be      
better for me1 for you1 for your father1
 that you should not speak of this      
business4  ,do not6 do not6 ,mistress   
,emily6 cried the old man1 who was      
standing near4 ,it will only make       
mischief and bring about evil4  ,he     
spoke evidently under strong            
apprehension1 and ,emily was much       
surprised1 both to find that one quite a
 stranger to her knew her at once1 and  
to find the old cottager1 a long        
dependant upon her family1 second so    
eagerly his strange injunction4  ,i will
 say nothing unless questions are asked 
me1 she replied2 then of course ,i must 
tell the truth4  ,better not1 replied   
the young man gloomily4  ,i cannot speak

 falsely1 replied the beautiful girl1 ,i
 cannot deal doubly with my parents or  
any one1 and she was turning away4  ,but
 the stranger besought her to stop one  
moment1 and said1 ,i have not strength  
to explain all now2 but ,i shall see you
 again1 and then ,i will tell you why ,i
 have spoken as you think strangely4 ,i 
shall see you again4 ,in common charity 
you will come to ask if ,i am alive or  
dead4 ,if you knew how near we are to   
each other1 ,i am sure you would        
promise6  ,i can make no such promise1  
replied ,emily2 but the old cottager    
seemed eager to end the interview2 and  
speaking for her1 he exclaimed1 ,oh1 she
 will come1 ,i am sure1 ,mistress ,emily
 will come2 and hurried her away1 seeing
 her back to the little gate in the park
 wall4   ,,chapter ,,xvi4  ,mrs4        
,hazleton found ,mr4 ,shanks1 the       
attorney1 the most difficult person to  
deal with whom she had ever met in her  
life4 ,she had remarked that he was     
keen1 active1 intelligent1 unscrupulous1

 confident in his own powers1 bold as a 
lion in the wars of quill1 parchment1   
and red tape2 without fear1 without     
hesitation1 without remorse4 ,there was 
nothing that he scrupled to do1 nothing 
that he ever repented having done4 ,she 
had fancied that the only difficulty    
which she could have to encounter was   
that of concealing from him1 at least in
 a degree1 the ultimate objects and     
designs which she herself had in view4  
,so shrewd people often deceive         
themselves as to the character of other 
shrewd people4 ,the difficulty was quite
 different4 ,it was a peculiar sort of  
stolidity on the part of ,mr4 ,shanks1  
for which she was utterly unprepared4   
,now the attorney was ready to do any   
thing on earth which his fair patroness 
wished4 ,he would have perilled his name
 on the roll in her service2 and was    
only eager to understand what were her  
desires1 even without giving her the    
trouble of explaining them4 ,moreover1  
there was no point of law or equity1 no 

manner of roguery or chicanery1 no      
object of avarice1 covetousness1 or     
ambition1 which he could not have       
comprehended at once4 ,they were things 
within his own ken and scope1 to which  
the intellect and resources of his mind 
were always open4 ,but to other         
passions1 to deeper1 more remote motives
 and emotions1 ,mr4 ,shanks was as      
stolid as a door-post4 ,it required to  
hew a way as it were to his perceptions1
 to tunnel his mind for the passage of a
 new conception4  ,the only passion     
which afforded the slightest cranny of  
an opening was revenge2 and after having
 tried a dozen other ways of making him 
comprehend what she wished without      
committing herself1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton got 
him to understand that she thought ,sir 
,philip ,hastings had injured--at all   
events1 that he had offended--her1 and  
that she sought vengeance4 ,from that   
moment all was easy4 ,mr4 ,shanks could 
understand the feeling1 though not its  
extent4 ,he would himself have given ten

 pounds out of his own pocket--the      
largest sum he had ever given in life   
for any thing but an advantage--to be   
revenged upon the same man for the      
insult he had received2 and he could    
perceive that ,mrs4 ,hazleton would go  
much further1 without1 indeed1 being    
able to conceive1 or even dream of1 the 
extent to which she was prepared to go4 
,however1 when he had once got the clue1
 he was prepared to run along the road  
with all celerity2 and now she found him
 every thing she had expected4 ,he was a
 man copious in resources1 prolific of  
schemes4 ,his imagination had exercised 
itself through life in devising crooked 
paths2 but in this instance the road was
 straight-forward before him4 ,he would 
rather it had been tortuous1 it is true2
 but for the sake of his dear lady he   
was ready to follow even a plain path1  
and he explained to her that ,sir       
,philip ,hastings stood in a somewhat   
dangerous position4  ,he was proceeding 
to enter into the details1 but ,mrs4    

,hazleton interrupted him1 and1 to his  
surprise1 not only told him1 but showed 
him1 that she knew all the particulars4 
,the only question is1 ,mr4 ,shanks1 she
 said1 can you prove the marriage of his
 elder brother to this woman before the 
birth of the child8  ,we think we can1  
madam1 replied the attorney1 we think we
 can4 ,there is a very strong letter1   
and there has been evidently----  ,he   
paused and hesitated1 and ,mrs4         
,hazleton demanded1 ,there has been     
what1 ,mr4 ,shanks8  ,there has been    
evidently a leaf torn out of the        
register1 replied the lawyer4  ,there   
was something in his manner which made  
the lady gaze keenly in his face2 but   
she would ask no questions on that      
subject1 and she merely said1 ,then why 
has not the case gone on1 as it was put 
in your hands six months ago8  ,why1 you
 see1 my dear madam1 replied ,shanks1   
law is at best uncertain4 ,one wants two
 or three great lawyers to make a case4 
,money was short2 ,john and his mother  

had spent all last year's annuity4      
,barristers won't plead without fees1   
and besides----  ,he paused again1 but  
an impatient gesture from the lady urged
 him on4 ,besides1 he said1 ,i had      
devised a little scheme1 which1 of      
course1 ,i shall abandon now1 for       
marrying him to ,mistress ,emily        
,hastings4 ,he is a very handsome young 
fellow1 and----  ,i have seen him1 said 
,mrs4 ,hazleton thoughtfully1 but why   
should you abandon this scheme1 ,mr4    
,shanks8 ,it seems to me by no means a  
bad one4  ,the poor lawyer was now all  
at sea again and fancied himself as wide
 of the lady's aim as ever4  ,mrs4      
,hazleton suffered him to remain in this
 dull suspense for some time4 ,wrapped  
up in her own thoughts1 and busy with   
her own calculations1 she suffered      
several minutes to elapse without adding
 a word to that which had so much       
surprised the attorney4 ,then1 however1 
she said1 in a meditative tone1 ,there  
is only one way by which it can be      

accomplished4 ,if you allow it to be    
conducted in a formal manner1 you will  
fail utterly4 ,sir ,philip will never   
consent4 ,she will never even yield4    
,but if ,sir ,philip is made to see that
 it will save him a tremendous lawsuit1 
and perhaps his whole estate1 suggested 
,mr4 ,shanks4  ,he will resist the more 
firmly1 answered the lady2 if it saved  
his life1 he would reject it with       
scorn--no6 ,but there is a way4 ,if you 
can persuade her--if you can show her   
that her father's safety1 his position  
in life1 depends upon her conduct1      
perhaps you may bring her by degrees to 
consent to a private marriage4 ,she is  
young1 inexperienced1 enthusiastic1     
romantic4 ,she loves her father         
devotedly1 and would make any sacrifice 
for him4  ,no great sacrifice1 ,i should
 think1 madam1 replied ,mr4 ,shanks1 to 
marry a handsome young man who has a    
just claim to a large fortune4  ,that is
 as people may judge1 replied the lady2 
but at all events this claim gives us a 

hold upon her which we must not fail to 
use1 and that directly4 ,i will contrive
 means of bringing them together4 ,i    
will make opportunity for the lad1 but  
you must instruct him how to use it     
properly4 ,all ,i can do is to          
co-operate without appearing4  ,but1 my 
dear madam1 ,i really do not fully      
understand1 said ,mr4 ,shanks4 ,i had a 
fancy--a sort of imagination like1 that 
you wished--that you desired----  ,he   
hesitated2 but ,mrs4 ,hazleton would not
 help him by a single word1 and at last 
he added1 ,i had a fancy that you wished
 this suit to go on against ,sir ,philip
 ,hastings1 and now--but that does not  
matter--only do you really wish to bring
 it all to an end1 to settle it by a    
marriage between ,john and ,mistress    
,emily8'  ,that will be the pleasantest1
 the easiest way of settling it1 sir1   
replied ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 coolly2 and ,i 
do not at all desire to injure1 but     
rather to serve ,sir ,philip and his    
family4  ,that was false1 for though to 

marry ,emily ,hastings to any one but   
,mr4 ,marlow was what the lady did very 
sincerely desire2 yet there was a long  
account to be settled with ,sir ,philip 
,hastings which could not well be       
discharged without a certain amount of  
injury to him and his4 ,the lady was    
well aware1 too1 that she had told a    
lie1 and moreover that it was one which 
,mr4 ,shanks was not at all likely to   
believe4 ,perhaps even she did not quite
 wish him to believe it1 and at all     
events she knew that her actions must   
soon give it contradiction4 ,but men    
make strange distinctions between speech
 and action1 not to be accounted for    
without long investigation and          
disquisition4 ,there are cases where    
people shrink from defining in words    
their purposes1 or giving voice to their
 feelings1 even when they are prepared  
by acts to stamp them for eternity4     
,there are cases where men do acts which
 they dare not cover by a lie4  ,mrs4   
,hazleton sought for no less than the   

ruin of ,sir ,philip ,hastings2 she had 
determined it in her own heart1 and yet 
she would not own it to her             
agent--perhaps she would not own it to  
herself4 ,there is a dark secret chamber
 in the breast of every one1 at the door
 of which the eyes of the spirit are    
blindfolded1 that it may not see the    
things to which it is consenting4       
,conscience records them silently1 and  
sooner or later her book is to be       
opened2 it may be in this world3 it may 
be in the next3 but for the time that   
book is in the keeping of passion1 who  
rarely suffers the pages to be seen till
 purpose has been ratified by act1 and  
remorse stands ready to pronounce the   
doom4  ,there was a pause after ,mrs4   
,hazleton had spoken1 for the attorney  
was busy also with thoughts he wished to
 utter1 yet dared not speak4 ,the first 
prospect of a lawsuit--the only sort of 
the picturesque in which he could find  
pleasure--a long1 intricate1 expensive  
lawsuit1 was fading before his eyes as  

if a mist were coming over the scene4   
,where were his consultations1 his      
letters1 his briefs1 his pleas1 his     
rejoinders1 his demurrers1 his appeals8 
,where were the fees1 the bright golden 
fees8 ,true1 in the hopelessness of his 
young client's fortunes1 he had urged   
the marriage with a proviso1 that if it 
took place by his skilful management1 a 
handsome bonus was to be his share of   
the spoil4 ,but then ,mrs4 ,hazleton's  
first communication had raised brighter 
hopes1 had put him more in his own      
element1 had opened to him a scene of   
achievements as glorious to his notions 
as those of the listed field to knights 
of old2 and now all was vanishing away4 
,yet he did not venture to tell her how 
much he was disappointed1 still less to 
show her why and how4  ,it was the lady 
who spoke first2 and she did so in as   
calm1 deliberate1 passionless a tone as 
if she had been devising the fashion of 
a new ,mantua4  ,it may be as well1 ,mr4
 ,shanks1 she said1 in order to produce 

the effect we wish upon dear ,emily's   
mind--dear ,emily6--to commence the suit
 against ,sir ,philip--,i mean to take  
those first steps which may create some 
alarm4 ,i cannot of course judge what   
they ought to be1 but you must know2 and
 if not1 you must seek advice from      
counsel learned in the law4 ,you        
understand what ,i mean1 doubtless4     
,oh1 certainly1 madam1 certainly1       
replied ,mr4 ,shanks1 with a profound   
sigh of relief4 ,first steps commit us  
to nothing3 but they must be devised    
cautiously1 and ,i am very much afraid  
that--that----  ,afraid of what1 sir8   
asked ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 in a tone        
somewhat stern4  ,only that the expense 
will be greater than my young client can
 afford1 answered the lawyer1 seeing    
that he must come to the point4  ,let   
not that stand in the way1 said ,mrs4   
,hazleton at once2 ,i will supply the   
means4 ,what will be the expense8       
,would you object to say five hundred   
pounds8 asked the lawyer1 cautiously4   

,a thousand1 replied the lady1 with a   
slight inclination of the head2 and     
then1 weary of circumlocution1 she added
 in a bolder tone than she had yet used1
 only remember1 sir1 that what is done  
must be done effectually2 no mistakes1  
no errors1 no flaws6 ,see that you use  
all your eyes--see that you bend every  
nerve to the task4 ,i will have no      
procrastination for the sake of fresh   
fees--nothing omitted one day to be     
remembered the next--no blunders to be  
corrected after long delays and longer  
correspondence4 ,i know you lawyers and 
your ways right well2 and if ,i find    
that for the sake of swelling a bill to 
the bursting1 you attempt to            
procrastinate1 the cause will be taken  
at once from your hands and placed in   
those who will do their work more       
speedily4 ,you can practise those tricks
 upon those who are more or less in your
 power2 but you shall not play them upon
 me4  ,i declare1 my dear madam1 ,i can 
assure you1 said ,mr4 ,shanks2 but ,mrs4

 ,hazleton cut him short4 ,there1 there1
 she said1 waving her fair hand1 do not 
declare--do not assure me of any thing4 
,let your actions speak1 ,mr4 ,shanks4  
,i am too much accustomed to            
declarations and assurances to set much 
value upon them4 ,now tell me1 but in as
 few words and with as few cant terms as
 possible1 what are the chances of      
success in this suit8 ,how does the     
young man's case really stand8  ,mr4    
,shanks would gladly have been excused  
such explanations4 ,he never liked to   
speak clearly upon such delicate        
questions1 but he would not venture to  
refuse any demand of ,mrs4 ,hazleton's1 
and therefore he began with a           
circumlocution in regard to the         
uncertainty of law1 and to the          
impossibility of giving any exact       
assurances of success4  ,the lady would 
not be driven from her point1 however4  
,that is not what ,i sought to know1 she
 said4 ,i am as well aware of the law's 
uncertainty--of its iniquity1 as you4   

,but ,i ask you what grounds you have to
 go upon8 ,were they ever really        
married8 ,is this son legitimate8  ,the 
lady says they were married1 replied    
,mr4 ,shanks cautiously1 and ,i have    
good hope we can prove the legitimacy4  
,there is a letter in which the late    
,mr4 ,john ,hastings calls her 'my dear 
little wife2' and then there is clearly 
a leaf torn out of the marriage register
 about that very time4  ,mr4 ,shanks    
spoke the last words slowly and with    
some hesitation2 but after a pause he   
went on more boldly and rapidly4 ,then  
we have a deposition of the old woman   
,danby that they were married4 ,this is 
clear and precise1 he continued with a  
grin3 she wanted to put in something    
about 'in the eyes of ,god1' but ,i left
 that out as beside the question2 and   
she did the swearing very well4 ,she    
might have broken down under            
cross-examination1 it is true2 and      
therefore it was well to put off the    
trial till she was gone4 ,we can prove1 

moreover1 that the late ,sir ,john      
always paid an annuity to both mother   
and child1 in order to make them keep   
secret--nay more1 that he bribed the old
 woman ,danby4 ,this is our strong      
point2 but it is beyond doubt--,i can   
prove it1 madam--,i can prove it4 ,all  
,i fear is the mother2 she is weak--very
 weak2 ,i wish to heaven she were out of
 the way till the trial is over4  ,send 
her out of the way1 cried ,mrs4         
,hazleton1 decidedly2 send her to       
,france2 and then she added1 with a     
bitter smile1 she may still figure      
amongst the beauties of ,versailles4    
,but she will not go1 replied ,mr4      
,shanks4 ,madam1 she will not go4 ,i    
hinted at such a step--mentioned        
,cornwall or ,ireland--any where she    
could be concealed4  ,cornwall or       
,ireland6 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 of 
course she would not go4 ,why did not   
you propose ,africa or the plantations8 
,she shall go1 ,mr4 ,shanks4 ,leave her 
to me4 ,she shall go4 ,and now1 set to  

work at once--immediately1 ,i say--this 
very day4 ,send the youth to-morrow1 and
 let him bring me word that some step is
 taken4 ,i will instruct him how to act1
 while you deal with the law4  ,mr4     
,shanks promised to obey1 and retired   
overawed by all he had seen and heard4  
,there had1 it is true1 been no vehement
 demonstration of passion2 no fierce    
blaze2 no violent flash2 but there had  
been indications enough to show the man 
of law all that was raging within4 ,it  
had been for him like gazing at a fine  
building on fire at that period of the  
conflagration where dense smoke and     
heavy darkness brood over the fearful   
scene1 while dull1 suddenly-smothered   
flashes break across the gloom1 and tell
 how terrible will be the flame when it 
does burst freely forth4  ,he had never 
known ,mrs4 ,hazleton before--he had    
never comprehended her fully4 ,but now  
he knew her--now1 though perhaps the    
depths were still unfathomable to his   
eyes1 he felt that there was a strong   

commanding will within that beautiful   
form which would bear no trifling4 ,he  
had often treated her with easy         
lightness--with no want of apparent     
respect indeed--but with the persuasions
 and arguments such as men of business  
often address to women as beings        
inferior to themselves either in        
intellect or experience4 ,now ,mr4      
,shanks wondered how he had escaped so  
long and so well1 and he resolved that  
for the future his conduct should be    
very different4  ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 when  
he left her1 sat down to rest--yes1 to  
rest2 for she was very weary4 ,there had
 been the fatiguing strife of strong    
passions in the                         
heart--hopes--expectations--schemes-cont
rivances2 and1 above all1 there had been
 a wrestling with herself to deal calmly
 and softly where she felt fiercely4 ,it
 had exhausted her2 and for some minutes
 she sat listlessly1 with her eyes half 
shut1 like one utterly tired out4 ,ere a
 quarter of an hour had passed1 wheels  

rolled up to the door2 a carriage-step  
was let down1 and there was a foot-fall 
in the hall4  ,dear ,mrs4 ,warmington1  
delighted to see you6 said ,mrs4        
,hazleton1 with a smile sweet and gentle
 as the dawn of a summer morning4       
,,chapter ,,xvii4  ,circumstance will   
always have its finger in the pie with  
the best-laid schemes2 but it does not  
always happen that thereby the pie is   
spoiled4 ,on the contrary1 circumstance 
is sometimes a very powerful auxiliary1 
and it happened so in the present       
instance with the arrangements of ,mrs4 
,hazleton4 ,before that lady could bring
 any part of her scheme for introducing 
,emily to the man whom she intended to  
drive her into taking as a husband1 to  
bear1 the introduction had already taken
 place1 as we have seen1 by an accident4
  ,it was likely1 indeed1 to go no      
further2 for ,emily thought over what   
had occurred1 before she gave way to her
 native kindness of heart4 ,she         
remembered how tenacious all country    

gentlemen of that day were of their     
sporting rights1 and especially of what 
she had often heard her father declare1 
that he looked upon any body who took   
his game off his property1 according to 
every principle of equity and justice1  
as no better than a common robber4  ,if 
the only excuse be that it is more      
exposed to depredation than other       
property1 said ,sir ,philip1 it only    
shows that the plunderer of it is a     
coward as well as a villain1 and should 
be punished the more severely4 ,such1   
and many such speeches she had heard    
from her father at various times1 and it
 became a case of conscience1 which     
puzzled the poor girl much1 whether she 
ought or ought not to have promised not 
to mention what had occurred in the     
park4 ,she loved no concealment1 and    
nothing would have induced her to tell a
 falsehood2 but she knew that if she    
mentioned the facts1 especially while   
the young man whom she had seen crossing
 the park with a gun lay wounded at the 

cottage1 great evil might have resulted2
 and though she somewhat reproached     
herself for rashly giving her word1 she 
would not break it when given4  ,as to  
seeing him again1 however--as to        
visiting him at the cottage1 even to    
inquire after his health1 when he had   
refused all aid from her father's house1
 that was an act she never dreamed of4  
,his last words1 indeed1 had puzzled    
her2 and there was something in his     
face1 too1 which set her fancy          
wandering4 ,it was not exactly what she 
liked2 but yet there was a resemblance1 
she thought1 to some one she knew and   
was attached to4 ,it could not be to her
 father1 she said to herself1 and yet   
her father's face recurred to her mind  
more frequently than any other when she 
thought of that of the young man she had
 seen2 and from that fact a sort of     
prepossession in the youth's favor took 
possession of her1 making her long to   
know who he really was4  ,for some days 
,emily did not go near the cottage1 but 

at length she ventured on the road which
 passed it--not without a hope1 indeed1 
that she might meet one of the old      
people who tenanted it1 and have an     
opportunity of inquiring after his      
health--but certainly not1 as some      
good-natured reader may suppose1 with   
any expectation of seeing him herself4  
,as she approached1 however1 she        
perceived him sitting on a bench at the 
cottage-door1 and1 by a natural impulse1
 she turned at once into another path1  
which led back by a way nearly as short 
to the hall4 ,the young man instantly   
rose1 and followed her1 addressing her  
by name1 in a voice still weak1 in      
truth1 but too loud for her not to hear1
 or to affect not to hear4  ,she paused1
 rather provoked than otherwise1 and    
slightly inclined her head1 while the   
young man approached1 with every        
appearance of respect1 and thanked her  
for the assistance she had rendered him4
  ,he had had his lesson in the mean    
time1 and he played his part not amiss4 

,all coarse swagger1 all vulgar         
assumption was gone from his manner2 and
 referring himself to some words he had 
spoken when last they had met1 he said3 
,pardon me1 ,miss ,hastings1 for what ,i
 said some days ago1 which might seem   
both strange and mysterious1 and for    
pressing to see you again2 but at that  
time ,i was faint with loss of blood1   
and knew not how this might end4 ,i     
wished to tell you something ,i thought 
you ought to hear2 but now ,i am better2
 and ,i will find a more fitting        
opportunity ere long4  ,it will be      
better to say any thing you think fit to
 my father1 replied ,emily4 ,i am not   
accustomed to deal with any matters of  
importance2 and any thing of so much    
moment as you seem to think this is1    
would1 of course1 be told by me to him4 
,i think not1 replied the other1 with a 
mysterious smile2 but of that you will  
judge when you have heard all ,i have to
 say4 ,your father is the last person to
 whom ,i would mention it myself1       

because ,i believe1 notwithstanding all 
his ability1 he is the last person who  
would judge sanely of it1 as he would of
 most other matters2 but1 of course1 you
 will speak of it or not1 as you think  
proper4 ,at present1 he added1 ,i am too
 weak to attempt the detail1 even if ,i 
could venture to detain you here4 ,i    
only wished to return you my best       
thanks1 and assure you of my gratitude1 
and bowing low1 he left her to pursue   
her way homeward4  ,emily went on       
musing4 ,no woman's breast is without   
curiosity--nor any man's1 either--and   
she asked herself what could be the     
meaning of the stranger's words1 at     
least a dozen times4 ,what could he have
 to tell her1 and why was there so much 
mystery8 ,she did not like mystery1     
however2 and though she felt interested 
in the young man--felt pity1 in         
fact--yet it was by no means the        
interest that leads to1 nor the pity    
which is akin to love4 ,on the contrary1
 she liked him less than the first time 

she saw him4 ,there was a certain degree
 of cunning in his mysterious smile1 a  
look of self-confidence1 almost of      
triumph in his face1 which1 in spite of 
his respectful demeanor1 did not please 
her4  ,emily's father was absent from   
home at this time2 but he returned two  
or three days after this last interview1
 and remarked that his daughter was     
unusually grave4 ,to her1 and to all    
that affected her in any way1 his eyes  
were always open1 though he often failed
 to comprehend that which he observed4  
,lady ,hastings1 too1 had noticed       
,emily's unusual gravity1 and as she had
 no clue to that which made her         
thoughtful1 she concluded that the      
solitude of the country had a depressing
 influence upon her spirits1 as it      
frequently had upon her own2 and she    
determined to speak to her husband upon 
the matter4 ,to him she represented that
 the place was very dull2 that they had 
but few visitors2 that even ,mr4 ,marlow
 had not called for a week2 and that    

,emily really required some variety of  
scene and amusement4  ,she reasoned well
 according to her notions1 and though   
,sir ,philip could not quite comprehend 
them1 though he abhorred great cities1  
and loved the country1 she had made some
 impression at least by reiteration1    
when suddenly a letter arrived from     
,mrs4 ,hazleton1 petitioning that ,emily
 might be permitted to spend a few days 
with her4  ,i am quite alone1 she said1 
and not very well 7she never was better 
in her life71 and ,i propose next week  
to make some excursions to all the      
beautiful and interesting spots in the  
neighborhood4 ,but you know1 dear ,lady 
,hastings1 there is but small pleasure  
in such expeditions when they must be   
solitary2 but with such a mind as that  
of your dear ,emily for my companion1   
every object will possess a double      
interest4  ,the reader has perceived    
that the letter was addressed to ,lady  
,hastings2 but it was written for the   
eye of ,sir ,philip1 and to him it was  

shown4 ,lady ,hastings observed1 as she 
put the note into her husband's hand1   
that it would be much better to go to   
,london4 ,the change from their own     
house to ,mrs4 ,hazleton's was not      
enough to do ,emily any good2 and that1 
as to these expeditions to neighboring  
places1 she had always found them the   
dullest things imaginable4  ,sir ,philip
 thought differently1 however4 ,he had  
been brought to the point of believing  
that ,emily did want change1 but not to 
the conviction that ,london would afford
 the best change for her4 ,he inquired  
of ,emily1 however1 which she would like
 best1 a visit of a week to ,mrs4       
,hazleton's1 or a short visit to the    
metropolis4 ,much to his satisfaction1  
,emily decided at once in favor of the  
former1 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton's letter was
 answered1 accepting her invitation4    
,the day before ,emily went1 ,mr4       
,marlow spent nearly two hours with her 
and her father in the sort of musy1     
wandering conversation which is so      

delightful to imaginative minds4 ,he    
paid ,emily herself no marked or        
particular attention2 but he never      
suffered her to doubt that even while   
talking with her father1 he was fully   
conscious of her presence1 and pleased  
with it4 ,sometimes his conversation was
 addressed to her directly1 and when it 
was not1 by a word or look he would     
invite her to join in1 and listened to  
her words as if they were very sweet to 
his ear4  ,she loved to listen to him1  
however1 better than to speak herself1  
and he contrived to please and interest 
her in all he said1 gently moving all   
sorts of various feelings1 sometimes    
making her smile gayly1 sometimes muse  
thoughtfully1 and sometimes rendering   
her almost sad4 ,if he had been the most
 practiced love-maker in the world1 he  
could not have done better with a mind  
like that of ,emily ,hastings4  ,he     
heard of her proposed visit to ,mrs4    
,hazleton with pleasure1 and expressed  
it4 ,i am very glad to hear you are to  

be with her1 he said1 for ,i do not     
think ,mrs4 ,hazleton is well4 ,she has 
lost her usual spirits1 and has been    
very grave and thoughtful when ,i have  
seen her lately4  ,oh1 if ,i can cheer  
and soothe her1 cried ,emily eagerly1   
how delightful my visit will be to me4  
,mrs4 ,hazleton says in her letter that 
she is unwell2 and that decided me to go
 to her1 rather than to ,london4  ,to   
,london6 exclaimed ,mr4 ,marlow1 ,i had 
no idea that you proposed such a        
journey4 ,oh1 ,sir ,philip1 do not take 
your daughter to ,london4 ,friends of   
mine there are often in the habit of    
bringing in fresh and beautiful flowers 
from the country2 but ,i always see that
 first they become dull and dingy with  
the smoke and heavy air1 and then wither
 away and perish2 and often in gay      
parties1 ,i have thought that ,i saw in 
the young and beautiful around me the   
same dulling influence1 the same        
withering1 both of the body and the     
heart4  ,sir ,philip ,hastings smiled   

pleasantly1 and assured his young friend
 that he had no desire or intention of  
going to the capital except for one     
month in the winter1 and ,emily looked  
up brightly1 saying1 ,for my part1 ,i   
only wish that even then ,i could be    
left behind4 ,when last ,i was there1 ,i
 was so tired of the blue velvet lining 
of the gilt vis-a-vis1 that ,i used to  
try and paint fancy pictures of the     
country upon it as ,i drove through the 
streets with mamma4  ,at length ,emily  
set out in the heavy family coach1 with 
her maid and ,sir ,philip for her       
escort4 ,progression was slow in those  
days compared with our own1 when a man  
can get as much event into fifty years  
as ,methuselah did into a thousand4 ,the
 journey took three hours at the least2 
but it seemed short to ,emily1 for at   
the end of the first hour they were     
overtaken by ,mr4 ,marlow on horseback1 
and he rode along with them to the gate 
of ,mrs4 ,hazleton's house4 ,he was an  
admirable horseman1 for he had not only 

a good but a graceful seat1 and his     
handsome figure and fine gentlemanly    
carriage never appeared to greater      
advantage than when he did his best to  
be a centaur4 ,the slow progress of the 
lumbering vehicle might have been of    
some inconvenience1 but his horse was   
trained to canter to a walk when he     
pleased1 and1 leaning to the window of  
the carriage1 and sometimes resting his 
hand upon it1 he contrived to carry on  
the conversation with those within      
almost as easily as in a drawing-room4  
,just as the carriage was approaching   
the gate1 ,marlow said3 ,i think ,i     
shall not go in with you1 ,sir ,philip2 
for ,i have a little business farther   
on1 and ,i have ridden more slowly than 
,i thought2 but before the sentence was 
well concluded1 the gates of the park   
were opened by the porter1 and ,mrs4    
,hazleton herself appeared within1      
leaning on the arm of her maid4 ,she had
 calculated well the period of ,emily's 
arrival1 and had gone out to the gate   

for the purpose of giving her an        
extremely hospitable welcome4 ,probably1
 had she not hated her as warmly and    
sincerely as she did1 she would have    
stayed at home2 our attention is ever   
doubtful4  ,but what were ,mrs4         
,hazleton's feelings when she saw ,mr4  
,marlow riding by the side of the       
carriage8 ,i will not attempt to        
describe them2 but for one instant a    
strange dark cloud passed over her      
beautiful face4 ,it was banished in an  
instant2 but not before ,marlow had     
remarked both the expression itself and 
the sudden glance of the lady's eyes    
from him to ,emily4 ,for the first time 
a doubt1 a suspicion1 a something he did
 not like to fathom1 came over his mind2
 and he resolved to watch4 ,neither     
,emily nor her father perceived that    
look1 and as the next moment the        
beautiful face was once more as bright  
as ever1 they felt pleased with her kind
 eagerness to meet them2 and alighting  
from the carriage1 walked on with her to

 the house1 while ,marlow1 dismounted1  
accompanied them1 leading his horse4  ,i
 am glad to see you1 ,mr4 ,marlow1 said 
,mrs4 ,hazleton1 in a tone from which   
she could not do what she would--banish 
all bitterness4 ,i suppose ,i owe the   
pleasure of your visit to that which you
 yourself feel in escorting a fair lady4
  ,i must not1 ,i fear1 pretend to such 
gallantry1 replied ,marlow4 ,i overtook 
the carriage accidentally as ,i was     
riding to ,mr4 ,cornelius ,brown's2 and 
to say the truth1 ,i did not intend to  
come in1 for ,i am somewhat late4  ,cold
 comfort for my vanity1 replied the     
lady1 that you would not have paid me a 
visit unless you had met me at the gate4
  ,she spoke in a tone rather of sadness
 than of anger2 but ,marlow did not     
choose to perceive any thing serious in 
her words1 and he replied1 laughing3    
,nay1 dear ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 you do not  
read the riddle aright4 ,it shows1 when 
rightly interpreted1 that your society  
is so charming that ,i cannot resist its

 influence when once within the spell1  
even for the sake of the ,englishman's  
god--,business4  ,a man always succeeds 
in drawing some flattery for woman's ear
 out of the least flattering conduct1   
answered ,mrs4 ,hazleton4  ,the         
conversation then took another turn2 and
 after walking with the rest of the     
party up to the house1 ,marlow again    
mounted and rode away4 ,as soon as the  
horses had obtained some food and       
repose1 ,sir ,philip also returned1 and 
,emily was left1 with a woman who felt  
at her heart that she could have        
poniarded her not an hour before4  ,but 
,mrs4 ,hazleton was all gentle          
sweetness1 and calm1 thoughtful1        
dignified ease4 ,she did not suffer her 
attention to be diverted for one moment 
from her fair guest3 there were no      
reveries1 no absence of mind2 and       
,emily--poor ,emily--thought her more   
charming than ever4 ,nevertheless1 while
 speaking upon many subjects1 and       
brightly and intelligently upon all1    

there was an under-current of thought   
going on unceasingly in ,mrs4           
,hazleton's mind1 different from that   
upon the surface4 ,she was trying to    
read ,marlow's conduct towards          
,emily--to judge whether he loved her or
 not4 ,she asked herself whether his    
having escorted her to that house was in
 reality purely accidental1 and she     
wished that she could have seen them    
together but for a few moments longer1  
though every moment had been a dagger to
 her heart4 ,nay1 she did more3 she     
strove by many a dexterous turn of the  
conversation1 to lure out her fair      
unconscious guest's inmost thoughts--to 
induce her1 not to tell all1 for that   
she knew was hopeless1 but to betray    
all4 ,emily1 however1 happily for       
herself1 was unconscious2 she knew not  
that there was any thing to betray4     
,fortunately1 most fortunately1 she knew
 not what was in her own breast2 or     
perhaps ,i should say1 knew not what it 
meant4 ,her answers were all simple1    

natural and true2 and plain candor1 as  
often happens1 disappointed art4  ,mrs4 
,hazleton retired for the night with the
 conviction that whatever might be      
,marlow's feelings towards ,emily1      
,emily was not in love with ,marlow2 and
 that was something gained4  ,no1 no1   
she said1 with a pride in her own       
discernment1 a woman who knows something
 of the world can never be long deceived
 in regard to another woman's heart4    
,she should have added1 except by its   
simplicity4  ,now1 she continued1       
mentally1 to-morrow for the first great 
stop4 ,if this youth can but demean     
himself wisely1 and will follow the     
advice ,i have given him1 he has a fair 
field to act in4 ,he seems prompt and   
ready enough3 he is assuredly handsome1 
and what between his good looks1 kind   
persuasion by others1 and her father's  
dangerous position1 this girl methinks  
may be easily driven--or led into his   
arms2 and that stumbling-block removed4 
,he will punish her enough hereafter1 or

 ,i am mistaken4  ,punish her for what1 
,mrs4 ,hazleton8  ,,footnotes3  ,m      
,entered according to ,act of ,congress1
 in the year #ahej1 by ,g4 ,p4 ,r4      
,james1 in the ,clerk's ,office of the  
,district ,court of the ,united ,states 
for the ,southern ,district of          
,new-,york4     ,,the ,,friendship ,,of 
,,josephus ,,and ,,st4 ,,paul4   ,in the
 ,princeton ,review1 the ,church of     
,england ,quarterly1 and other          
periodicals1 there have appeared        
recently several very interesting       
articles upon the ,voyage of ,st4 ,paul 
to ,rome2 and in a work entitled        
,gleanings on the ,overland ,route1 by  
the author of ,forty ,days in the       
,desert1 just published in ,london1 we  
find a dissertation ,on the ,shipwreck  
of the ,apostle ,paul1 and the historian
 ,josephus1 which goes far to prove that
 ,josephus accompanied the apostle to   
,rome1 and that he was in some measure  
the means of procuring the introduction 
of the ,christians into ,caesar's       

household4 ,after a summary account of  
the shipwreck as narrated by ,st4 ,luke1
 aided by such elucidatory particulars  
as have been supplied by ,mr4 ,james    
,smith in his ,voyage and ,shipwreck of 
,st4 ,paul1 the author says3--  ,the    
only real difference between the two    
accounts of ,st4 ,luke and of ,josephus 
is1 that ,josephus does not mention the 
stay of three months on the island of   
,malta4 ,he writes as if the ship were  
wrecked in the open sea1 and he was     
saved by being at once taken up into the
 second ship4 ,this very great          
disagreement in the two narratives we   
must set to the account of ,josephus's  
inaccuracy4 ,the second ship he rightly 
calls a ship of ,cyrene1 for the        
,alexandrian vessel1 in a favorable     
voyage1 may have touched at that port4  
,he adds to the apostolic history the   
interesting information1 that it was    
through the ,jewish actor1 ,alituries1  
that he1 and1 we may add1 the ,apostle  
and ,christianity1 gained an            

introduction into ',caesar's household4'
 ,that ,josephus sailed in the same ship
 with ,paul1 we may hold for certain4   
,no ,jews born in ,judea had the        
privilege of ,roman citizenship2 of     
,jews who had that privilege1 the number
 was so small1 that it is not probable  
that two such appeals to ,rome1 by ,jews
 from the province of ,judea1 should    
have been allowed in the reign of ,nero4
 ,that two ships1 carrying such ,hebrew 
applicants from ,judea1 should have been
 wrecked in the ,adriatic1 from both of 
which the passengers should have been   
saved1 and landed at ,puteoli1 and that 
within the space of three years1 we may 
pronounce impossible4 ,so then the      
,jewish historian ,josephus1 when a     
young man1 made the voyage from         
,caesarea to ,italy with the ,apostle   
,paul1 the ,evangelist ,luke1 and their 
friend ,aristarchus1 and1 for part of   
the way1 with the young ,titus4 ,he     
calls the ,apostle his friend1 though   
worldly prudence forbade his naming him4

 ,from these fellow-travellers he must  
have heard the opinions of the          
,christians4 ,he was able to contradict 
or confirm all that they said of the    
founder of our religion1 for he was born
 only eight years after the crucifixion4
 ,but ,josephus1 when he wrote his      
history and life1 was a courtier1 and   
even a traitor to his country--he wanted
 moral courage1 he did not mean to be a 
martyr1 and any testimony in favor of a 
despised sect is not to be expected from
 him4 ,the passage in his ,antiquities  
in which ,jesus is praised we may give  
up as a forgery of the third century3 it
 is enough for us to remark1 that after 
having lived for five months with ,paul 
on the voyage from ,judea to ,italy1 he 
does not write against this earnest     
teacher of ,christianity1 as either a   
weak enthusiast or a crafty impostor4   
,but he praises his piety and virtues1  
and boasts that he was of use in        
obtaining his release from prison4  ,mr4
 ,smith1 to whom allusion is made above1

 is said to be a gentleman of liberal   
fortune1 and to have carefully studied  
navigation1 and in numerous voyages in  
his yacht through these seas to have    
practised it1 for the especial purpose  
of investigating and illustrating the   
points embraced in this interesting     
portion of the sacred history4 ,he has  
pretty satisfactorily established the   
precise route of the ,apostle on this   
famous journey1 which is the most       
universally familiar of all in ancient  
or modern life4 ,the curious suggestion 
of such personal relations between ,paul
 and ,josephus is not new2 it was made  
some time in the seventh century in the 
,reflections of ,bernardin ,pastouret1  
and perhaps at an earlier time by       
others4 ,the author whose words are here
 quoted1 is ,mr4 ,john ,sharpe1 and he  
has very clearly presented the case4    
,,the ,,count ,,monte-,,leone3 ,,or1    
,,the ,,spy ,,in ,,society4,n           
,translated ,for ,the ,international    
,monthly ,magazine ,from the ,french of 

,h4 ,de ,st4 ,georges4  ,continued from 
page #cei4   ,,book ,,iv4   ,i4         
,,explanation ,,of ,,the ,,enigma4      
,while the events we have described are 
taking place at ,sorrento1 we will      
retrace our steps to the ,etruscan      
,house1 where we left ,monte-,leone and 
,taddeo when the latter placed in the   
hands of the former the letter of ,la   
,felina4 ,the ,count opened the letter1 
and read3  ,taddeo--,you told me in the 
prison of the palace of the ,dukes of   
,palma1 whither ,i went to find you1    
',love which speculates is not love4    
,mine will obey you for obedience' sake4
 ,try1 however1 to ask something grand  
and difficult1 that you may judge it by 
its fruits4'  ,then you love her8 said  
,monte-,leone1 interrupting himself4    
,read on1 said ,taddeo4  ',your heart1  
,taddeo1 is noble1' replied ,i4 ',i have
 faith in it4 ,may ,god grant that your 
strength do not betray your courage4 ,in
 four days you will learn what ,i expect
 from you4' ,i write down what ,i       

expect1 for ,i have not courage to tell 
you4 ,i cannot crush your hopes1 though 
,i know that they cannot be realized4   
,the feelings you have avowed to me1    
,taddeo1 demand entire confidence3 for  
it would be a crime to deceive a heart  
like yours4 ,i will therefore tell you  
the truth1 painful as it may be4 ,it is 
a year since ,i came to ,naples1 having 
been attracted thither by a brilliant   
engagement at ,san ,carlo4 ,my success  
was as great as it had been in the other
 capitals of ,italy4 ,after the applause
 and ovations of the public--the truest 
and most discriminating of all--came    
privileged admirers2 those1 who1 from   
their rank1 birth1 and fortune1 have a  
right to pass the curtain of the        
sanctuary1 and cast incense at the very 
foot of the idol2 who can compliment the
 artiste on the stage1 and follow her   
with their commonplaces to her very box4
 ,there was no scarcity of sacrificers4 
,the noblest of ,naples overwhelmed me  
with adulations2 from compliments they  

came to declaration1 and there1 as at   
,rome1 ,venice1 and elsewhere1 ,i was   
persecuted by the insipid gallantries of
 suitors1 to which every successful     
artiste possessed of any personal       
attraction must submit4 ,to all these   
advances my heart remained cold1 and my 
insensibility cost me nothing2 for ,i   
neither loved nor wished to4 ,a strange 
event1 however1 changed my plans4 ,it   
was an evening of last autumn1 and the  
air was as sultry as possible4          
,exhausted by the heat of the theatre1  
after the performance was over ,i sent  
my carriage home1 and resolved1 in      
company with my confidante1 to return on
 foot4 ,i avoided my many suitors1 and  
escaped from the theatre by a back-door4
 ,the air was so pure1 and the night so 
beautiful1 that ,i walked for some time 
on the chiaja4 ,it was late when ,i     
returned homeward4 ,crossing an isolated
 street1 which ,i had taken to shorten  
the walk1 my confidante and myself were 
unexpectedly attacked by a party of men 

who stood beneath the portico of a      
palace4 ,they had well-nigh stifled our 
cries with scarfs1 which had been thrown
 over our heads1 and we should possibly 
have been murdered1 when a man1 rushing 
sword in hand1 ,i know not whence1      
attacked our aggressors1 disarmed three 
of them1 whom he put to flight1 and     
killed the fourth by a dagger-thrust4   
,rapidly as possible1 he then took off  
the bandages from our faces1 and gave   
me1 half dead with terror1 his arm4  ,a 
carriage passed1 the stranger called to 
it1 placed us in it1 and said3 ',a lady1
 signora1 of your appearance1 met in the
 streets of ,naples at such an hour1    
doubtless is under the influence of some
 secret motive she would be unwilling to
 expose4 ,my services to you have been  
too slight to warrant my questioning    
you4 ,now you have nothing to fear1 and 
this carriage will take you any where   
you please4 ,i will inquire into no     
orders which you may give4' ',but your  
name1 signore8' said ,i4 ',count        

,monte-,leone1' said he1 as he          
disappeared4  ,that is true1 said the   
,count4 ,i never knew1 though1 whom ,i  
had rescued from the hands of bandits4  
,he then began again to read3  ,from    
that time the ,count was1 in spite of   
myself1 the object of my constant       
thoughts and secret meditations4 ,i was 
very anxious1 at least1 to know the     
features of the man1 whom ,i had only   
seen in the dark2 for the services he   
had rendered me1 the courage he had     
displayed1 even the sound of his voice1 
spoke both to my head and heart4 ,one   
day1 as ,i was crossing the street of   
,toledo1 some young persons pointed out 
to me a cavalier1 mounted on a noble    
horse4 ',no one but ,monte-,leone can   
ride such an animal as that4 ,no one    
else rides so well4' ',he is the        
handsomest and most brilliant of our    
young nobles1' said another4 ',what a   
pity he gives himself so completely to  
the people1' said a third4 ,the ,count1 
whom ,i saw then for the first time1 was

 the realization of all my youthful     
dreams and illusions4 ,i loved the      
,count1 though ,i did not know it4 ,from
 the moment ,i saw him1 my heart and    
soul were consecrated to him4  ,a       
painful sigh1 uttered near              
,monte-,leone1 made the ,count look at  
young ,rovero1 the pallor of whom       
indicated intense suffering4  ,my       
friend1 said the ,count1 taking his     
hand1 what matters it if ,felina love   
me1 provided ,i do not love her8  ,some 
day you may love her1 said ,taddeo4     
,no1 said the ,count4  ,and why8        
,because ,i have but one heart1 and that
 is another's4  ,a happy smile lighted  
up the face of ,rovero1 and             
,monte-,leone continued to read1 with as
 much sang-froid as if another were the 
subject of the letter3  ,you wished to  
know which of the four ,i loved2 excuse 
me1 ,taddeo1 but now ,i have told you   
all4 ,from that time ,i conceived an    
ardent devotion to ,monte-,leone4 ,my   
passion was1 however1 of that kind which

 only demands the gratification of the  
soul4 ,all ,i had heard of the ,count's 
character1 of his errors1 follies1 and  
numerous passions1 far from alienating1 
rendered him still dearer to me4 ,it    
seemed that his lofty1 generous         
disposition1 full of courage and honor1 
had wanted nothing but a guide1 or      
rather an angel1 to wrest him from the  
torment of the life he had prepared for 
himself4  ,the ,count paused1 and       
reflected for a few moments1 which      
seemed centuries to ,rovero4 ,he then   
began again to read3  ,ah1 had ,i met   
,monte-,leone in the days of my         
innocence1 in the days when ,i also     
looked for some one to guide my early   
steps1 with my hand in his1 with my     
heart beating against his1 ,i should1   
perhaps1 have avoided the rocks on which
 ,i have been wrecked8 ,to the ,count1  
however1 ,i could be now but an ordinary
 woman1 whose attractions might1        
perhaps1 for the moment fascinate him1  
but whom he would soon cast aside1 as he

 has his other conquests3 then ,i feel  
,i should have killed him6  ,the ,count 
quietly read on3  ,i loved him too      
fondly to become his mistress2 yet his  
image pursued me by night and day4 ,at  
last my heart1 in its immense and pure  
love1 inspired me with the noblest and  
purest idea3 ',be more than a woman1 be 
more than a mistress to him1' said ,i to
 myself1 'be a providence1 a secret and 
protecting providence which preserves   
him in all dangers1 and provides all his
 happiness4' ,alas6 ,i fancied that ,i  
had to defend ,monte-,leone only against
 the ordinary perils of life1 against   
the rivalry excited by his triumphs1 and
 not against the serious dangers to     
which his opinions subjected him4 ,i    
soon heard the rumors which were being  
circulated about the ,count1 learned of 
his danger1 and the perilous part he had
 to play in relation to the secret      
societies4 ,i learned all this from     
public rumor1 but ,i needed other aid   
and information to guide me in the      

defence of him ,i loved4 ,among those   
most carried away by my talent1 and if  
,i must say so1 most captivated by my   
beauty1 was the ,duke of ,palma1        
minister of police4 ,i received the     
minister kindly1 and without yielding to
 his persuasions1 conferred trifling    
favors on him4 ,his confidence in me was
 immense4 ,when ,i was stern to him he  
became desperate1 but he professed there
 was such a charm in my company that he 
sought constantly to see me4 ,minister  
as he was1 he became not my sicisbeo1   
for that ,i would consent to at no      
price1 but my cavaliero sirviente1 thus 
occupying the second grand hierarchy of 
love4 ,i learned from the minister      
himself the snares prepared for         
,monte-,leone1 twenty times ,i informed 
your friend of them1 and enabled him to 
avoid them4 ,in the same manner ,i heard
 of your imprudent folly at the ball of 
,san-,carlo1 and you know what ,i did to
 avert its consequences4 ,a certain     
,lippiani1 a skilful officer placed by  

means of my influence in the ,neapolitan
 police1 while paying a visit of        
inspection to the jailor of the ,castle 
,del ,uovo1 contrived to introduce into 
the prisoner's loaf the mysterious      
information he received4 ,the           
imagination1 or rather the genius of the
 ,count1 inspired him with a design to  
secure his liberty4 ,to assure the      
success of this ruse1 the ,count escaped
 for some hours from his prison1 and    
amid that season of trouble1 energy1 and
 anguish1 ,monte-,leone lost the famous 
ring he always wears4 ,this loss again  
placed his life and liberty in danger4  
,then ,i conceived a hardy and bold     
plan1 which cannot succeed without your 
aid and devotion4 ,on that1 however1 for
 you so promised me1 ,i rely4 ,i learned
 that you were a prisoner1 but were     
about to be released4 ,you can then aid 
me1 but it is necessary to awake no     
suspicion4 ,aware of every outlet to the
 palace1 which had often been shown to  
me by the ,duke of ,palma1 ,i remembered

 a certain secret passage and door      
hidden in a pillar1 whither the ,duke   
often comes1 to hear1 unseen1 the       
examinations of prisoners4 ,thither ,i  
sought to come4 ,the porter admitted me 
at night2 doubtless1 fancying ,i was    
come to keep an appointment with his    
master4 ,of what value1 however1 were   
honor and reputation to me compared with
 his danger4 ,now1 ,taddeo1 read with   
attention the lines ,i am about to      
write2 follow my advice exactly1 or     
,monte-,leone is lost4  ,i obtained     
possession for a few days of the emerald
 lost by the ,count1 and which had been 
sent by his enemies to the ,duke of     
,palma4 ,at a great cost ,i caused a    
similar one to be made by one of the    
most skilful workmen of ,naples4 ,the   
copy will be easily recognized3 that is 
what ,i wish4 ,i have substituted it for
 the original1 and placed it myself in  
the minister's jewel case1 the key of   
which he had given to me to take an     
antique cameo1 the design of which ,i   

wished4 ,the false ring will be given to
 the ,count1 instead of the true one1   
which is in the coffret ,i have placed  
by you4 ,go to ,monte-,leone's house1   
during the night after your release4 ,i 
am too closely watched now1 to dare go  
thither myself4 ,give this ring to the  
old servant1 tell him to deliver it to  
the judges1 but not till the trial4 ,the
 enemies of whom ,i spoke will be       
overcome by this pretended proof of     
their imposition1 and the safety of the 
,count will be sure4 ,i have told you   
all4 ,now1 ,taddeo1 excuse me for having
 pained you by my disclosure4 ,excuse me
 for having unfolded all my heart to    
you1 excuse me for having permitted you 
to read my most secret sentiments4 ,your
 love deserves something better than    
mine2 but if it inspire you with any    
pity for me1 rescue the ,count from the 
executioner1 and know that to save      
,monte-,leone is to save ,la ,felina4   
,what a woman6 said the ,count1 as he   
let fall the letter2 what passion and   

devotion6  ,ah6 said ,taddeo1 who looked
 anxiously into the eyes of the ,count1 
to divine the effect produced by the    
singer's letter1 you see her devotion   
pleases and touches you3--that you love 
her----  ,taddeo1 said the ,count1 with 
great emotion1 that woman was my        
providence1 and defended me against my  
accusers4444 ,she saved my life4444 ,it 
is a noble heart that thus hopelessly   
devotes itself4 ,let me give her all my 
gratitude4444 ,a poor and sterile       
recompense for such devotion4 ,the other
 sentiments of my heart you shall also  
know6  ,rising up with the dignified and
 lofty air of a noble1 he said3  ,taddeo
 ,rovero1 ,count ,monte-,leone asks of  
you the hand of ,aminta ,rovero1 your   
sister4  ,just then a painful           
exclamation was heard in the next room4 
,monte-,leone seized his dagger and     
rushed to the door4 ,he threw it open1  
and a strange spectacle presented itself
 to him4 ,a woman1 pale and trembling1  
leaned on the arm of an old man4 ,her   

eyes1 fixed and tearful1 seemed to look 
without seeing1 and her ears appeared to
 catch no sound4 ,it was ,la ,felina4   
,she was sustained by old ,giacomo4     
,excuse me1 ,monsignore1 she was        
permitted to come in2 for ,signor       
,rovero1 when he brought your ring1 said
 you owed your safety to her4  ,felina6 
said ,taddeo4 ,he fell at the singer's  
feet4  ,she remained motionless as a    
statue whose lips only were living4     
,signore ,monte-,leone1 said she1 ,i    
leave ,naples to-night1 and for ever4   
,before ,i did so1 however1 ,i wished to
 see and give you a piece of advice4    
,death menaces you from all sides1 and  
your most insignificant actions are     
observed4 ,escape from the country1 for 
here you will no longer find the        
faithful friends who have watched over  
you4  ,say1 ,signora1 the faithful      
friend1 the generous providence who     
saved me from the axe of the            
executioner4  ,you know all1 ,signor1   
said ,la ,felina2 and she looked at     

,taddeo--my secret has been revealed to 
you--for blushing1 however1 ,i now      
acknowledge with pride that it is true1 
for it has won for me the expressions   
you uttered just now4 ,alas6 said she   
bitterly1 ,i should have fled and have  
heard no more4  ,tears filled her eyes2 
overcoming her emotion1 however1 she    
said3  ,my mission is fulfilled1 ,count 
,monte-,leone1 for you will live and be 
happy4 ,if misfortune1 though1 befall   
you1 do not forget that one heart in the
 world will taste of all your           
sorrow4--,taddeo1 said she1 giving the  
young man her hand1 time and reason will
 exert their influence on so noble a    
heart1 and ere long you will find one   
worthy of you4 ,forget me1 she added1   
when she saw him about to reply1 do not 
speak to me of sentiments the intensity 
of which ,i know--and ,i will assist you
 to triumph4 ,to-morrow you will love me
 less4 ,i know so4 ,to-morrow4          
,to-morrow6 said ,taddeo4  ,yes1 said   
,felina1 and in a little time ,i shall  

be but the shadow of a dream1 which some
 reality will expel from your heart4    
,she went towards the door4  ,signori1  
said she1 when she saw ,monte-,leone and
 ,taddeo preparing to follow her1 ,i    
came hither with confidence in the honor
 of two gentlemen1 who1 ,i am sure1 will
 not leave the room until ,i shall have 
left4 ,do not be afraid1 she continued1 
with a faint smile on her lips1 a       
carriage awaits1 but not to convey me to
 the ,castle ,del ,uovo4  ,then casting 
on the ,count a glance instinct with    
sadness and regret1 she offered her hand
 to ,taddeo1 who covered it with kisses1
 and preceded by ,giacomo left the room4
 ,for some moments the two friends      
looked at each other in silence4 ,taddeo
 then went towards the door1 saying3    
,but ,i am a fool to let her escape     
thus4  ,he crossed the court and went to
 the door of the room4 ,the carriage1   
however1 was gone1 and far in the       
distance he heard the sound of the      
wheels4   ,,ii4--,a ,,last ,,appearance4

  ,the hearts of ,monte-,leone and of   
,taddeo ,rovero were1 after the         
departure of the singer1 in very        
different conditions4 ,monte-,leone1    
delighted with the present1 and with the
 prospect of future success1 to be      
attained as the husband of ,aminta1     
forgot all else--even the terrible      
responsibility which weighed on him as  
the chief of a faction of forbidden     
societies1 and the perpetual dangers    
with which it menaced him4 ,monte-,leone
 had an energetic heart but a volatile  
mind1 over which the accidents of life  
glide like the runner of a sleigh over  
polished ice1 almost without leaving    
traces4  ,a circumstance of which we    
will speak of by and by1 aroused the    
,count from his peace of soul to cast   
him in the waves of that sea of politics
 where shipwrecks are so common and     
tempests so usual4 ,the only idea which 
occupied ,taddeo was to see ,la ,felina 
again4 ,he said rightly enough that the 
rays of such a star could not long be   

concealed2 that its glory and success   
would always betray it1 and that the    
farewell token of ,monte-,leone in the  
,etruscan house would not be for ever4  
,under the influence1 then1 of very     
different sentiments1 the two friends   
returned to the ,count's hotel at       
,naples4 ,less beautiful than the       
magnificent palace of ,monte-,leone1 it 
did not1 like the latter1 render        
indispensable the numerous and imposing 
array of servants1 of which his somewhat
 restricted fortune deprived            
,monte-,leone4 ,descried by its master  
during the whole time of his seclusion1 
this hotel had been the scene of the    
ruinous pleasures of the ,count4        
,splendid festivals had been given      
there2 joyous suppers had been proposed1
 and the shadow of more than one        
graceful dame1 wrapped in silken folds1 
had been traced at midnight on the great
 white marble wall of the portico4      
,giacomo1 who had left the ,etruscan    
house at an early hour1 had             

superintended the preparation of the    
hotel for its master1 and the unfolding 
of the tall wide windows made the house 
seem to stare on the sunlight1 like     
blind persons who but recently have     
recovered their sight4 ,the             
resuscitation of the hotel of           
,monte-,leone1 as people in the         
,toledo-street said1 created a great    
sensation in that quarter4 ,the ,count  
and ,taddeo had been there but a short  
time1 when ,giacomo1 evidently in a very
 bad humor1 announced ,signor ,pignana4 
,many of the ,count's friends who had   
heard of his return came to see him and 
crowded around him4 ,they arose to leave
 when the new-comer was announced2 but  
they paused when they saw the strange   
person introduced4  ,buon giorno caro   
mio ,pignana1,o said the ,count1        
advancing to meet him4 ,you are not the 
last to visit me1 and ,i am deeply      
touched by your visit4 ,he is my        
landlord1 ,signori1 an excellent man4   
,something of an ,arab1 it is true1 in  

money matters2 but as he is an old      
tradesman1 you see it is impossible for 
him to change his habits4 ,for twenty   
years he furnished the family liveries1 
and the result is that now he is richer 
than me4  ,ah1 my ,lord1 said ,pignana1 
you flatter me4  ,not at all1 ,signor1  
said ,monte-,leone4 ,now you can        
yourself have liveries with the ,pignana
 arms1 ',two winged shears on a field   
argent1' a regular tailor's escutcheon4 
,how then1 asked one of the young men1  
is ,signor ,pignana your landlord--is it
 of this hotel or of your beautiful     
palace8  ,ah1 said the ,count1 he is not
 exactly my landlord yet1 but he will be
 if my friend and creditor1 ,signor     
,pignana1 continues to lend me money at 
cent4 per cent4 ,at present1 however1   
the excellent man only owns my ,etruscan
 house1 a very gem of a thing1 which he 
rents to me1 and for which ,i am much   
obliged4  ,it is ,i who am obliged1     
muttered ,pignana4  ,ah6 said the       
,count1 with a smile1 ,i believe you4   

,that house had nearly become           
historical4 ,if the executioner of      
,naples1 the father of a family1 and    
passionately fond of flowers1 continued 
the ,count to his friends1 with whom ,i 
passed a fortnight at the ,castle ,del  
,uovo1 had been forced to arrange       
matters for me1 the house in which      
,monte-,leone was arrested would have   
become historical4 ,pignana could have  
let it out to tourists1 and could have  
retailed the stores for the ,london     
museums4 ,instead of this piece of good 
fortune1 which ,i am very glad was not  
,pignana's1 he possesses a good tenant1 
who will some day pay him punctually1   
when he has himself been paid all that  
is due him2 for you can fancy how the   
arrest of one man discourages the       
business of others4 ,all his debtors1   
all the friends of his purse1 leap with 
joy2 he seems at once outlawed1         
especially to those who are indebted to 
him4 ,the most honest merely pray that  
his imprisonment may be prolonged2 the  

least delicate pray that the executioner
 may send them a receipt4  ,but the     
,count also has some true friends who   
would be distressed at his death1 said  
,pignana4 ,monsignore counts me among   
them4  ,pignana probably uttered these  
words under the influence of great      
emotion1 for a tear hung on the lid of  
his eye above an aquiline nose of       
immense size4  ,my dear ,pignana1 said  
the ,count1 ,i know how far ,i can      
depend on you1 for ,i know you4         
,monte-,leone accented this word1 the   
significance of which to ,pignana was   
very expressive1 for he looked proudly  
around1 as if the ,count had given him a
 certificate of valor and courage4  ,i  
am about to give you the list of our    
men--that is to say of our              
transactions1,p said the old man1       
eagerly correcting himself4  ,yes1 said 
,monte-,leone1 who had glanced sternly  
at him1 the list of our transactions4   
,go on1 ,pignana1 go on1 prove your     
account and diminish the total1 contrary

 to your wont2 above all1 exhibit your  
vouchers2 that is especially important4 
,do not trouble yourself1 ,monsignore3  
,i have all regular1 and now you must   
pay in person4  ,in person1 replied the 
,count4 ,yes1 ,pignana1 ,i will thus    
discharge my obligations without having 
recourse to a third party4 ,go thither1 
however1 at once1 said he1 and he pushed
 the tailor into the next room4 ,you    
will find writing materials1 he added1  
aside1 and no one to listen to you4     
,excuse me1 ,signori1 said he1 speaking 
to his friends2 you have seen one of the
 greatest misfortunes of our rank1 the  
necessity of civility to a fool who is a
 creditor4  ,just then ,taddeo ,rovero1 
who had gone out when ,pignana entered1 
came in1 introducing a handsome lad of  
about eighteen4  ,count1 said he1 to    
,monte-,leone1 let me introduce you to  
,signor ,gaetano ,brignoli1 a friend of 
my family4  ,then1 ,signor1 said the    
,count1 you are a friend of mine2 for   
all whom they love are dear to me4  ,ah6

 ,count1 said ,gaetano1 how much        
uneasiness your trial has caused all at 
,sorrento6 ,especially to myself1 who   
was particularly charged by the charming
 ,aminta to inform her of all the       
details of the trial4 ,i set out on the 
night before your trial to be one of the
 first in the hall4  ,i scarcely dare1  
said the ,count1 with an expression of  
great pleasure1 to think the ,signorina 
entertains such interest in my behalf4  
,it was not precisely of yourself that  
she spoke1 replied ,gaetano1 but of my  
friend ,taddeo1 her brother1 who was    
known to be compromised with you1 and   
about whom she1 naturally enough1 was   
interested4  ,the ,count grew slightly  
pale as he saw this gratification       
wrested from him4  ,by-the-by1 ,signori1
 said ,gaetano1 you have heard the news 
with which all the city and suburbs     
echo1 and which makes almost as much    
noise as the trial of the ,count        
,monte-,leone4  ,i trust1 said the      
,count1 bitterly1 that the news is more 

pleasant4  ,infinitely more so1         
continued ,gaetano4 ,every one is       
talking of it1 and crazed with          
it--especially myself1 who am a pazzo   
per la musica1 like the here of         
,fioravanti4 ,you know1 ,signori1       
nothing is more pleasant than to win    
again a pleasure we fancy to have been  
lost to us4  ,go on1 said ,taddeo1 who  
had a presentiment that something       
pleasant was about to be related4 ,the  
very mention of music made him quiver4  
,well1 ,signori1 said ,gaetano1 the     
,sicilian siren1 the fairy ,la ,felina1 
sings to-night at ,san ,carlo4  ,la     
,felina8 said all the listeners at once4
  ,la ,felina6 impossible6 said ,rovero4
 ,she left ,naples last night4          
,certainly she did1 said ,gaetano2 and  
that makes the matter more charming and 
pleasant4 ,la ,felina has her caprices  
as all pretty women1 and singers        
especially4 ,that is the condition and  
very qualification of talent4 ,a prima  
donna who did not keep the public uneasy

 about her health1 her business1 or her 
amours1 one who did not outrage the     
manager1 would not be a complete woman4 
,how could she8 ,one does not earn a    
hundred thousand francs a year for      
acting as if the salary was only a      
thousand crowns4 ,it would be vulgar and
 common and altogether unbecoming a fine
 lady4 ,la ,felina1 therefore1 annoyed  
by the effect produced on the public    
mind by the drama of the ,trial of      
,count ,monte-,leone1 which occupied the
 attention she thought should be        
engrossed by her own performances1 would
 not appear while the trial was going   
on4 ,she was about to throw up her      
engagement1 and actually did so1 when   
she was at the ,porta-,capuana4 ,the    
patrons of the opera1 with the          
empresario at their head1 accompanied by
 the orchestra and troupe1 not wanting  
an enormous crowd of other admirers of  
la ,diva1 and they are many1 prevented  
the carriage from passing4 ,she was     
surrounded1 pressed1 and besought to    

such a degree that she was dragged back 
to her hotel1 and promised to sing once 
more in the ,griselda of the ,maestro   
,paer1 the best of all her characters4  
,you can fancy the enthusiasm thus      
excited1 and how all struggle to secure 
seats4 ,i paid for mine thrice the usual
 price1 and think ,i am very fortunate4 
,for a moment ,taddeo said nothing1 he  
saw nothing1 and scarcely breathed4 ,he 
was half stifled with joy and surprise4 
,to see one again1 from whom he had     
expected to be separated for so long a  
time1 and perhaps for ever1 seemed to   
him a dream from which he seemed afraid 
to awake4 ,the friends of the ,count    
left3 all hurried to the theatre to     
secure an opportunity of being present  
at the solemnity4  ,come1 come1 said    
,taddeo1 hurrying young ,brignoli away4 
,i must go to ,san ,carlo to-night at   
any price1 even at that of my life6     
,indeed6 said ,gaetano1 ,i did not think
 you so passionate a dilettante4 ,you   
exceed me--to pay for music with gold is

 well enough1 but with life--ah1 that is
 altogether a different thing2 mine is  
valuable1 and ,i keep it for greater    
occasions4  ,the ,count stopped ,rovero 
just as he was about to leave4  ,what1  
said he1 with an air of deep concern1   
will you not go with me to-morrow to    
,sorrento8  ,to-morrow1 to-morrow1 for  
pity's sake1 said ,taddeo in a low tone4
 ,let me be happy to-day1 and ,i will   
devote all my life to you4  ,he left    
with ,gaetano4  ,no1 no1 said           
,monte-,leone1 ,i will not wait a day1  
not an hour1 before ,i see              
,aminta1--even if ,i go to ,sorrento    
alone4 ,i will go thither at once4      
,impossible1 said a grave voice behind  
the ,count4  ,the latter turned around  
and saw ,pignana1 who had glided unseen 
from the room as soon as he heard the   
young people leave4  ,why so8 said the  
,count4  ,why1 ,monsignore8 replied     
,pignana1 who1 casting aside the air and
 manner of a retired tradesman1 became a
 dry and cold old man with a dignified  

bearing4 ,because our brothers1         
terrified at your arrest1 were on the   
point of dissolving the                 
vente4--,because1 it has been reported  
that your excellency was on the point of
 abandoning the cause1 and laying aside 
the functions of supreme                
chief3--,because1 the principal         
,carbonari1 the agent of whom ,i am1    
wish to be informed of your intentions1 
and to be assured by you personally that
 you will not abandon them4  ,then1 said
 the ,count1 with a gesture of          
ill-restrained temper1 for these        
political embarrassments came in        
conflict with ideas which were far      
dearer to him1 that is the meaning of   
what you said just now4 ,how can ,i     
restore confidence to our associates8   
,the ,neapolitan police watches over me2
 the least imprudence1 the slightest    
exhibition of the existence of our      
association1 would revive all1 and      
endanger the fate and future success of 
the society1 and also my life4 ,you have

 few men of energy among you2 you1 who  
are one of the most devoted1 trembled in
 the presence of my friends4 ,you       
deserve to be hissed like a bad actor in
 a good part6 ,listen to me1 ,pignana3  
,i wish to be your chief2 ,i wish to    
risk a heavy stake in your cause2 but   
now1 especially when heavy matters weigh
 on me1 ,i do not purpose to appear in  
political comedy4 ,i wish to play a     
serious part1 the theories of which are 
actions1 with many deeds and few words4 
,i will do all that is necessary to     
serve our cause1 but nothing more4      
,remember this4 ,the ,castle ,del ,uovo1
 dungeons beneath the sea1 the          
executioner and conversations with the  
,grand-,judge1 warn me to be careful and
 prudent4 ,ask me1 then1 nothing more4  
,in eight days our great general venta  
will be held at the monastery of ,san   
,paola1 fifty leagues from ,naples4 ,i  
will be there1 and will tell you what   
our brethren in ,france and ,germany    
have informed me of4 ,until then1       

however1 question me about nothing4  ,we
 do not1 ,monsignore1 replied ,pignana1 
who was aware of the firmness of the    
,count1 and saw at once that he had     
mistaken his course4 ,the association1  
which admires your excellency1          
especially since the trial1 which looks 
on your excellency as a martyr1 asks    
nothing except one favor1 which will    
overwhelm it with gratitude and joy4    
,and what is that favor8 rejoined the   
,count4  ,that ,monsignore will appear  
to-night at ,san ,carlo in a box1 the   
key of which ,i have with me4 ,this box 
may be seen from every part of the      
house4 ,all of our principal men will be
 present1 and if ,monsignore will       
advance1 during the interlude1 to the   
front of the box1 placing his hand on   
his heart1 all our friends will know    
that they may rely on him4  ,by my      
faith1 shrewd as the ,duke of ,palma is1
 suspicious as the police may be1 ,i do 
not think this can be construed into an 
act of treason4 ,it pledges me to       

nothing4 ,the ladies to whom we make the
 gesture understand it4 ,i will then    
make this exhibition of my person1 as   
the ,english say1 and ,i will increase  
the interest of the performance by my   
presence4 ,in a word1 ,i will appear for
 the benefit of ,la ,felina4 ,the brave 
girl and myself will not even then be   
quits4  ,thank you1 ,count1 said        
,pignana1 as he left--and now1 adieu1   
until we meet at ,san ,carlo4         99
       99       99       99       99  ,a
 few hours after the scene we have      
described1 an immense crowd thronged    
every entry to the theatre of ,san      
,carlo4 ,it was not1 however1 the joyous
 crowd intoxicated with folly which we  
have seen hurry into its precincts at   
the commencement of this story4 ,on this
 occasion the public seemed rather busy 
than in search of pleasure4 ,it was a   
matter of importance1 indeed1 to be     
present at the last appearance of ,la   
,felina4 ,the keys of the boxes1        
therefore1 according to the ,italian    

custom1 were sold at the door of the    
theatre1 and at double the usual price4 
,i speak only of the small number of    
boxes1 the proprietors of which were    
absent from ,naples4 ,we may also as    
well add1 that in ,naples a box is often
 property4 ,all the other boxes were    
occupied by illustrious personages1 or  
by the wealthiest inhabitants of the    
great city4 ,san ,carlo on that night   
was brilliant as possible4 ,the ,count  
had just come4 ,the women glittered with
 flowers and diamonds4 ,as on the       
occasion of the masked ball1 the theatre
 was illuminated a giorno4 ,no detail of
 the festival1 no beauty present could  
escape observation4 ,count ,monte-,leone
 appeared in the box which had been     
reserved for him1 which soon became the 
object of every lorgnette and the theme 
of every conversation4 ,he bore this    
annoying attention with icy sang-froid1 
seeming even not to observe it4 ,his    
vanity1 however1 was secretly gratified1
 and we have said that this was his weak

 point4 ,the overture began1 and the    
curtain was finally raised4 ,during this
 time1 and the first scenes of the      
opera1 the private conversation was so  
loud and animated that the singers and  
orchestra were almost overpowered4      
,suddenly silence was                   
restored--admiration as respectful as   
that which precedes a sovereign's       
arrival pervaded all4  ,the true ,queen 
of ,naples1 at this moment1 was ,la     
,felina4 ,this complete calmness was    
soon succeeded by a thunder of applause4
 ,a thousand voices uttered a long shout
 of commingled bravos and hurras4 ,la   
,felina was on the stage4 ,this delirium
 produced by a single person1 this      
passionate worship expressed by an      
almost furious admiration1 those        
thousand hearts hung to the lips of a   
single person1 is found only on the     
stage1 and was one of the triumphs which
 ,naples decreed to the greatest artist 
in ,italy4 ,a report was in circulation1
 also1 which added to this almost       

furious admiration4 ,it was said1 that  
she was about to retire for ever1 and   
that this was her last appearance4 ,the 
eyes of love have a secret and admirable
 instinct1 enabling them to see what    
persons who are indifferent cannot      
discover4 ,among this eager and compact 
crowd1 the glances of ,la ,felina were  
immediately attracted to a point of the 
hall1 to a single box in which          
,monte-,leone sat4 ,to him ,felina acted
 and sang1 and she was sublime4 ,at the 
moment when ,paer's heroine appeared1 a 
single voice was heard above all others1
 and the person who had uttered it1     
having exhausted all the powers of his  
soul1 during the whole time ,felina was 
on the stage1 stood with his eyes fixed 
on her1 as if he had been fascinated by 
some charm he could not shake off4      
,poor ,taddeo1 said the ,count1 when he 
saw him1 why does she not love him8     
,the first act was concluded by a       
torrent of bouquets1 which the audience 
threw at the feet of their favorite     

actress4 ,the curtain fell4 ,this was   
the moment expected by the associate of 
,monte-,leone4 ,faithful to his promise1
 the ,count leaned forward in his box1  
naturally as possible1 and looked around
 the brilliant assembly4 ,he then placed
 his hand on his heart1 and disappeared 
in the recess of his box4 ,before1      
however1 he left1 he heard a confused   
and joyous murmur1 which rose from the  
parquet to the boxes1 and became lost in
 the arch of the gilded ceiling4  ,they 
were there1 said ,monte-,leone1 and     
,pignana must be satisfied4 ,i have done
 all he asked literally4  ,a few friends
 joined the ,count in his box4  ,indeed1
 dear ,monte-,leone1 said one of these1 
with whom he was most intimate1 a friend
 of his childhood1 ,you have resumed    
your old habits4  ,what do you mean8    
,that1 scarcely out of prison1 ,i saw   
you from my box beginning a new intrigue
 by exchanging signs with some fair     
unknown4 ,this1 too1 at ,san ,carlo4    
,this is bold1 indeed1 unless the hand  

on your heart is the resumption of an   
old intrigue1 interrupted1 perhaps1 by  
your imprisonment4  ,i do not understand
 you1 ,barberini1 said the ,count1 not a
 little annoyed4 ,i made no sign to any 
one4  ,perhaps so3 if you please1 ,i was
 mistaken4 ,but if ,i am1 it is all the 
better2 for it proves to me that you no 
longer adhere to the plans you once     
confided to me4 ,i was delighted1 too1  
at what ,i heard yesterday evening4  ,of
 what plans do you speak8 replied the   
,count1 moved1 in spite of himself1 by  
this half-confidence4  ,mon ,dieu6 of   
your own4 ,did you not tell me that you 
were passionately fond of the sister of 
,taddeo de ,sorrento1 of the beautiful  
,aminta ,rovero1 daughter of the old    
minister of finances of ,murat8  ,true1 
said the ,count4  ,well1 continued      
,barberini1 ,i hope you are cured of    
that love1 for you have a rival4  ,a    
rival6 said the ,count4  ,yes1 and      
perhaps a happy one4  ,signor1 said     
,monte-,leone1 restraining himself with 

difficulty1 let me tell you ,i purpose  
to make that lady my wife4 ,all that    
touches her honor1 touches mine also4   
,i say nothing derogatory to it1 but    
merely repeat what ,i have heard4  ,what
 have you heard8 said ,monte-,leone1 and
 the blood rushed to his head4  ,one of 
my young relations1 continued ,count    
,barberini1 was at an entertainment     
given on the recurrence of her          
daughter's birthday by ,signora ,rovero4
 ,he spoke to me of a ,frenchman who is 
with them1 and who seems passionately   
fond of the young ,aminta4  ,and then8  
said ,monte-,leone1 with the same tone  
in which he would have asked the        
executioner to strike him with          
certainty4  ,and then6 why that is all1 
said ,barberini1 who had become         
terrified at ,monte-,leone's manner4 ,i 
heard nothing more4444 ,if ,i did1 ,i   
would take care to be silent when you   
look so furiously4 ,all this interests  
me very slightly4 ,one's own love       
affairs are too troublesome to enable us

 to occupy ourselves with those of      
others4444 ,there1 too1 is the ,countess
 d',oliviero1 waving her bouquet so     
impatiently to and fro that ,i see she  
will break it to pieces unless ,i go4 ,i
 must leave you1 to save her flowers4   
,the young man left4  ,i was right1 said
 he1 not to tell the story of the night 
affair of which my kinsman was a        
witness4 ,i think he would have killed  
me at once4   ,,iii4 ,a ,,paternal      
,,letter  ,on the day after the terrible
 night during which ,aminta had strayed 
in her sleep to the room of ,maulear1   
two ladies met at about nine in the     
morning in the saloon of the villa of   
,sorrento1 and were locked in each      
other's arms4  ,yes1 my child1 said one 
of them1 your sleep has given an        
interpretation to all that has passed1  
and ,i understand all4 ,your honor      
cannot suffer1 for you are chaste and   
pure4  ,in your eyes1 dear mother1 ,i   
am2 but in those of the world1 which    
they tell me is so envious and          

malicious6 ,even last night1 when every 
eye was fixed on me1 ,i fancied that ,i 
read suspicion and contempt in the      
expression of more than one4  ,no1 my   
child1 replied ,signora ,rovero1        
clasping her to her heart1 ,i saw almost
 all our guests this morning1           
immediately before they left4 ,they had 
already heard of your somnambulism1 and 
our servants had told how you suffered  
with it from your childhood4 ,all are   
convinced of your innocence4  ,dear     
mother1 do not think so4 ,they spoke to 
you only with their lips1 but believe me
 guilty4  ,mother1 added she1 with that 
strange emotion to which she was        
sometimes a victim1 ,i think that this  
unfortunate affair is but the beginning 
of the realization of the unfortunate   
fate which ,i know is reserved for me4  
,it seems to me that on yesterday our   
evil days began4  ,she hid her head in  
her mother's bosom to conceal her tears1
 and to find a refuge against the       
misfortunes she feared4  ,a servant came

 in1 and said1 ,the ,marquis de ,maulear
 wishes to wait on the ladies4  ,mother1
 mother1 said ,aminta1 how can ,i       
refrain from blushing before him8       
,signora ,rovero bade the servant show  
the ,marquis in4 ,then arranging        
,aminta's beautiful hair1 she kissed her
 forehead1 and said3  ,daughter1 one    
never blushes in the presence of a      
husband4  ,aminta1 with great surprise1 
looked at her mother4  ,ah1 ah6 said    
,madame ,rovero1 with a smile1 a        
parent's eyes see much4  ,before ,aminta
 had time to speak1 the ,marquis        
entered4 ,he was pale and excited4      
,signora1 said he to ,aminta's mother1  
,i come to beg you to pardon me for a   
great fault4  ,to what1 ,signor1 do you 
refer8  ,of the greatest of all faults1 
after the manner in which ,i have been  
received1 and your kindness towards     
me--for not having confided in you1 and 
said yesterday what ,i wish to say      
to-day4 ,yet only from you have ,i kept 
my secret4 ,yesterday1 nothing obliged  

you to grant me the favor ,i am about to
 solicit3 yesterday1 you might have     
refused it4 ,to-day1 perhaps1 it will be
 less difficult4 ,a circumstance        
favorable only to myself1 added he1 with
 a timid glance at ,aminta1 marks out my
 conduct1 which assumes now the aspect  
of an obligation4 ,it fulfils all my    
wishes1 and makes me the happiest of    
men4 ,in one word1 signora1 ,i come to  
beg that you will suffer me to become   
allied to your family4  ,marquis1 said  
,signora ,rovero1 ,i expected to hear   
you speak thus1 for ,i was sure of your 
honor4 ,but far from wishing that now   
for the first time you had informed my  
daughter of the sentiments with which   
she has inspired you1 ,i rejoice that   
your course has been different4 ,without
 this motive1 signor1 neither my        
daughter nor ,i would accept the        
alliance you wish to offer us4 ,no      
reparation can be exacted1 where no     
fault has been committed4 ,i wish to    
strengthen your conscience1 by assuring 

you1 that in my opinion nothing obliges 
you to the course you have adopted1 if  
it interferes with your prospects and   
success4  ,the last expressions of      
,signora ,rovero produced a deep        
sensation on ,maulear1 and a shadow of  
uneasiness passed over his brow4 ,she   
had ignorantly touched a sensitive chord
 of the heart of the young lover4 ,led  
astray by his heart1 seduced invincibly 
by charms which were so new to him1     
,maulear1 under the influence of        
passion1 had entered on the flowery     
route1 at the end of which he caught a  
glimpse of happiness4 ,in the delirium  
of passion1 he had forgotten that a     
severe judge1 that the imperious master 
of his destiny1 that a father1 with     
principles eminently aristocratic1 like 
all fathers in #agfh1 awaited to absolve
 or acquit him1 to receive or repel him1
 to unite or to sever--in one word1 to  
make him happy or miserable4 ,all these 
important ideas were at once evoked in  
the mind of ,maulear by the last        

sentence ,signora ,rovero had uttered4  
,it was this hidden and sombre          
apparition which arose between ,maulear 
and her he loved1 the sinister aspect of
 which was reflected in a manner by the 
expression of ,aminta's lover4          
,signorina ,rovero perceived it1 and    
with the acute discrimination she       
possessed to so high a degree1 said1 in 
the melodious tones which touched all   
who heard them3  ,marquis1 my mother has
 spoken for her family1 ,i will speak   
for myself4 ,you have informed us of the
 noble family to which you belong4 ,i   
know that your wife one day will be a   
princess1 and ,i wish you to remember1  
that she1 to whom you offer this title1 
is the daughter of 'a noble of          
yesterday2' the glory of whom is derived
 from her daughter's virtues4 ,this1    
,marquis1 ,i say not for you1 but for   
others4 ,excuse me1 too1 for what you   
are about to hear4 ,if ,i have need of  
courage to own it to you1 perhaps you   
will require all your generosity to     

hearken to it4 ,with a trembling voice  
she added3 ,as yet1 ,i do not           
reciprocate the sentiments you have     
expressed4 ,to the hope1 though1 which  
,i permitted you to entertain yesterday1
 let me add1 that ,i am additionally    
gratified by the offer of your hand2 for
 in the eyes of many persons1 signor1 in
 the eyes of those who were witnesses of
 our presence together last night1 you  
would not now marry her you were anxious
 to espouse yesterday4  ,i shall marry  
an angel6 said ,maulear1 falling on his 
knees before ,aminta1 an angel of candor
 and virtue4 ,if your heart does not yet
 reciprocate the love you inspire1 my   
care and tenderness will so delight you1
 that some day you will love me4  ,well1
 then1 said she to ,maulear1 grant me   
one favor4 ,suffer me to await that day4
 ,take pity on a poor girl full of      
terror and apprehension1 at a tie she   
has always feared4 ,grant her heart time
 to make itself worthy of you1 ,marquis1
 and remember that until then you are   

free4 ,as my mother has told you1       
nothing binds you to me4 ,now you owe me
 nothing1 nor will you1 until ,i shall  
confide my destiny to your hands1 when  
you will owe me the happiness you       
promise me4  ,you do not consent8 ,then1
 ,signorina1 ,i will wait4 ,henceforth1 
however1 ,i am pledged to you2 and my   
hand and heart are yours4  ,just then a 
servant told ,maulear that a courier    
from ,naples had brought him important  
letters4 ,the ,marquis bade adieu to the
 two ladies1 and left4  ,my child1 said 
,signora ,rovero1 in a tone of          
affectionate reproach1 what must a man  
do to win your love8  ,i do not know2 ,i
 am certainly foolish1 but ,i am afraid6
  ,maulear found the courier of the     
,french embassy in his room4 ,an urgent 
letter from ,france1 said he1 to        
,maulear4  ,henri read the direction and
 shuddered4 ,it was from the ,prince de 
,maulear4 ,the ,prince wrote rarely4    
,what did he ask8 ,the son who felt that
 he had acted incorrectly in disposing  

of his hand1 without consulting the head
 of his family1 trembled before he broke
 the seal4 ,the character of ,maulear   
was weak1 as we have said1 and1 like    
people of this kind1 the prospect of    
danger and misfortune annoyed him more  
than the reality itself4 ,at last he    
resolved to know all1 and with a        
trembling hand opened the letter4 ,he   
read as follows3      ,paris1 ,april    
#aj1 #ahaf4  ,,my ,,son3--,i often hear 
of you1 not through your own letters1   
for you write rarely1 but through other 
friends1 whom ,i have requested to keep 
me au fait4 ,i know what kind of life   
you lead at ,naples1 and am dissatisfied
 with you4 ,the son of a shop-keeper and
 a banker would act more like a         
gentleman than you4 ,people talk of you 
here no better than they do of the      
deputy of the hangman4 ,i had hoped the 
,marquis de ,maulear would behave more  
correctly in a foreign country4 ,i was  
no older than you are1 when ,i went as  
secretary of legation to ,madrid4 ,three

 months afterwards ,i was recalled4 ,i  
had run away with three women1 fought   
four duels1 and lost at cards fifty     
thousand crowns4 ,that was something to 
be recalled for4 ,it was an assurance   
that in future ,i would be reasonable4  
,when our youth reasons1 and does not   
laugh1 things go wrong4 ,the ,king spoke
 to me yesterday about you4 ,he asked   
me1 if you found any thing to amuse you 
at ,naples4 ,i replied that you found   
too much to amuse you4 ',i am glad of   
it1' said the ,king1 'so our family     
honor at least is saved4' ,since1       
however1 you are most ignobly virtuous1 
,i have tried to turn the affair to the 
best advantage4 ,i have brought about a 
magnificent match for you1 to supersede 
one ,i have heard you were making for   
yourself4 ,the lady is rich1 noble1 and 
beautiful4 ,she is the daughter of the  
,duke d',harcourt1 one of the gentlemen 
in waiting of his majesty4 ,you may1    
perhaps1 at ,naples have seen ,rene     
d',harcourt1 the brother of the lady4   

,the marriage will take place three     
months hence4 ,i trust ,i have surprised
 you not unpleasantly4 ,adieu1 my son4  
,your aunt1 the ,countess1 sends her    
love to you1 and amuses herself with the
 preparation of your corbeille4         
,,le ,,prince ,,de ,,maulear4  ,p4,s4   
,you have three months' more folly      
before you1 and for the rest of your    
life you must be prudent4 ,i have opened
 a credit of one hundred thousand livres
 in your favor1 with the banker ,antonio
 ,lamberti4  ,the letter fell from the  
hands of the ,marquis1 and he sank on   
his chair completely overwhelmed4 ,like 
a thunder-bolt1 it aroused him from a   
happy dream4 ,there are1 in fact1 in all
 love matters1 certain moments of       
intoxication1 when men1 ordinarily      
sensible1 become blunderers4 ,for a     
month the ,marquis had been in this     
condition1 half reasonable1 half mad4   
,living with one thought prominent1 all 
others were indistinct to him4 ,to him  
love was every thing4 ,his father1 with 

his antiquated obstinacy1 imbued with   
retrograde principles1 disappeared like 
a ghost before the brilliant reality of 
passion4 ,besides1 fear of a rival1     
dread of the brilliant ,count           
,monte-,leone1 who1 full of love1 as    
,henri had heard1 aspired to nothing    
more than to become the husband of      
,aminta left him no other alternative1  
than to do what another was about       
to--make an offering of his hand and    
faith4 ,lovers1 too1 see nothing but the
 object of their passion2 and ,henri    
sometimes thought his father would agree
 with him4 ,the strange epistle of the  
,prince had however reversed all his    
dreams4 ,the anger of the ,prince when  
he should learn that a marriage had been
 contracted1 contrary to his wishes1 and
 in spite of his orders1 might possibly 
exert a terrible influence on the       
fortune and future fate of the young    
couple2 without regarding the chagrin   
and humiliation to which he would       
subject ,aminta by bringing her into a  

family without the consent of its head4 
,maulear passed three days in this cruel
 perplexity1 sometimes hoping and then  
fearing that ,aminta would yield to his 
prayer4 ,his heart wished4 ,his mind    
feared4 ,if ,signorina ,rovero should   
accept his hand1 it would be necessary  
for him to decide1 to act2 and then1    
from the weakness of his character1     
,maulear would be subjected to cruel    
uncertainty4  ,a few days after the     
scene which had occurred in his room1   
,maulear and the ladies sat together in 
a boudoir near the salon1 which opened  
on the park1 a view of which ,aminta was
 taking4 ,the ,marquis had been reading 
to the ladies the trial of ,count       
,monte-,leone from the ,diario di       
,napoli4 ,this curious story1 full of   
surprises1 the noble energy1 the        
wonderful sang-froid of the ,count1 the 
remarks of the journalist on the        
character of the prisoner1 and the      
unjust accusation to which he had been  
subjected1 and which he had so          

completely refuted1 and to which he had 
submitted with such nobleness and       
heroism1 all was listened to with the   
greatest interest4 ,maulear had read all
 this much to his own dissatisfaction1  
because ,signora ,rovero had requested  
it4 ,the praises of ,monte-,leone were  
most unpleasant to him4  ,aminta heard  
every word4 ,every detail of the        
,count's daring1 every change of        
character in this judicial drama1       
awakened an inexplicable emotion in her4
 ,it seemed that ,count ,monte-,leone1  
to whose singular story she had         
listened1 was a far different man from  
the one she had imagined him to be4 ,his
 powerful mind1 his exalted soul1 all   
the powers of which had been developed  
by the trial1 conferred on ,monte-,leone
 new proportions hitherto not realized  
by her4 ,count ,monte-,leone1 whom she  
had seen at home1 almost timid in the   
presence of her he adored1 annoyed by   
his false position as a refugee1        
suffering from a passion he dared not   

own1 was not the person of whom she had 
heard for the past month4 ,looking down 
on her drawing1 which her increasing    
absence of mind made almost invisible to
 her1 ,aminta sought to recall the      
features of the ,count which had been   
nearly effaced from her memory4         
,gradually1 however1 they arose before  
her4 ,had her mother then spoken1 had   
her glances been diverted from the album
 on which they were fixed1 a strange    
trouble and confusion would have been   
visible1 when aroused from this         
meditation4 ,the sound of wheels        
entering the court yard of the villa    
broke the charm which entranced ,aminta1
 and made ,signora ,rovero utter a cry  
of joy4  ,it is he1 cried she4 ,it is he
 who returns1 my son ,taddeo4 ,daughter1
 let us hurry to meet him4 ,let us be   
the first to embrace him4  ,accompanied 
by ,maulear1 the two ladies hurried into
 the vestibule1 which they crossed1     
standing at the villa-door just as the  
carriage stopped4 ,a man left it and    

bowed respectfully to ,signora ,rovero  
and her daughter4 ,this man was         
,,monte-,,leone4   ,,iv4--,,two         
,,rivals4  ,much had passed since ,count
 ,barberini had told ,monte-,leone of   
the love of ,maulear for ,aminta        
,rovero4 ,monte-,leone felt all the     
furies of hell glide into his heart at  
this revelation4 ,the idea that ,aminta 
could love any one had never entered his
 mind4 ,whether from confidence in her1 
or from that error so common to lovers  
that they are entitled to love because  
they love themselves1 ,monte-,leone     
flattered himself that he had left a    
pleasant recollection in ,aminta's mind4
 ,we may therefore imagine how painfully
 the ,count was disturbed by the        
half-confidence of ,barberini4 ,yet     
,taddeo1 his friend1 whom1 he loved as a
 brother1 could not have deceived him1  
and have concealed what had taken place 
at ,sorrento1 when he had received so   
cordially the hand of his sister4       
,taddeo1 then1 was ignorant of it4      

,monte-,leone1 a prey to a thousand     
thoughts1 left his box1 forgetful of the
 opera1 his friends and companions1 with
 but one object and wish4 ,he was       
determined to see ,taddeo1 to question  
him and find out who was the rival that 
menaced his happiness1 and whom ,aminta 
probably loved4 ,the ,count went to that
 part of the theatre in which he had    
seen ,aminta4 ,the second act1 however1 
was about to begin2 and the efforts of  
,monte-,leone to get near his friend    
created such murmurs1 complaints1 and   
anger1 that he was obliged to wait for a
 more favorable opportunity4 ,la        
,griselda was singing the andante of her
 cavatina1 and the artist's magnificent1
 powerful1 and tender voice1 echoing    
through the vastness of the hall1 fell  
in pearly notes like a shower of        
diamonds on the ears of the spectators4 
,after the andante came the caballeta1  
and then the coda-finale4 ,for a while  
one might have thought the four thousand
 spectators had but one breath1 and were

 animated by a single heart1 that they  
restrained the first to prevent the     
pulsations of the other from being      
disturbed4 ,this gem of the opera was at
 last concluded1 and mad applause rose  
from every part of the room4 ,we are    
constrained1 however1 to say1 that from 
this time the accents of ,la ,felina    
were less passionate and brilliant1 and 
that a veil1 as it were1 was extended   
over all the rest of the representation1
 so that a person who had heard only the
 second act of ,la ,griselda would have 
asked with surprise1 if it was really   
the wonderful prima donna1 the songs of 
whom were purchased with gold1 and the  
wonderful talent of whom1 had enslaved  
the audiences of the great ,italian     
theatres4 ,the reason was1 that1 after  
the second act1 the star which shone on 
,la ,felina had become eclipsed4        
,monte-,leone had left his box--the box 
which had been the source of ,griselda's
 inspiration from the commencement of   
the first act4 ,hope had sustained the  

singer during the cavatina1 at the      
beginning of the second act4 ,she       
fancied that he whom she loved possibly 
heard her from the recess of some other 
box4 ,when1 however1 she was satisfied  
that he was gone1 despair took          
possession of her4 ,nothing touches his 
heart1 said she1 with pain4 ,neither my 
love nor my talent are able to captivate
 him--to attach him to me for a time4   
,thenceforth1 as she sang for him alone1
 she sang for no one4 ,the holy fire was
 extinguished4 ,genius unfurled its     
wings and flew to the unknown regions of
 art1 whence passion had won it4 ,la    
,felina finished the opera1 as a prima  
donna should1 rendering the music       
precisely and distinctly1 note for note1
 and as her score required4 ,she neither
 added a single fioritura nor a single  
ornament which had not been noted by the
 composer4 ,in one word1 the audience at
 ,san ,carlo on that day heard the opera
 of the ,maestro ,paer and not ,la      
,felina4 ,during this1 ,monte-,leone1   

who had given up all hopes of reaching  
,taddeo1 and whom ,taddeo1 paying       
attention only to the artiste1 had      
neither heard nor seen1 ,monte-,leone   
walked in front of the opera-house1 a   
prey to the greatest agitation1         
impatiently waiting for the conclusion  
of the representation1 to see his friend
 and hear from him what he had to hope  
or fear at ,sorrento4  ,the opera ended4
 ,the crowd slowly dispersed1 and       
,monte-,leone1 wrapped up in his cloak1 
watched with anxiety every spectator who
 left the theatre4 ,taddeo did not come4
 ,the doors of the theatre were closed1 
and the ,count still waited4 ,surprised 
and impatient he went to his hotel1     
where ,taddeo also lived1 but he was not
 there4 ,night passed away1 and he did  
not come4 ,about three in the morning a 
stranger was shown in1 and gave         
,monte-,leone three letters4 ,one of    
them was addressed to the ,count3 he    
opened it anxiously4  ,excuse me1 my    
dear friend1 at quitting you thus4      

,excuse me1 especially the uneasiness ,i
 have created in your mind--wrote       
,taddeo--,i have learned that she left  
,naples to-night1 and if ,i leave her ,i
 shall die4 ,i will follow her by post  
and on horseback1 without stopping1     
until ,i shall learn whither she has    
gone4 ,what will ,i do then6 ,i do not  
know1--but at least ,i will know where  
she is1 and ,i will not fancy that she  
is lost to me for ever4 ',to-morrow1'   
said she1 when she left us1 'you will   
love me less4' ,she was mistaken1 my    
friend1 or she has deceived me2 for     
to-day ,i love her better than ,i did   
yesterday4 ,my heart suffers too much   
for me not to sympathize with yours1 and
 ,i understand how impatient you are to 
go to ,sorrento4 ,i send a letter to my 
good mother--give it yourself to her4 ,i
 beg her to receive you as a friend1 and
 as she would receive a brother of mine4
 ,stay with her until ,i come back4 ,say
 that in three days ,i will come back to
 ask her to give you ,aminta's hand4    

,has the person who gave you these      
letters gone8 asked ,monte-,leone of the
 messenger4  ,he went an hour since from
 the post-house1 on one of our best     
horses1 said the messenger4             
,monte-,leone gave him a piece of gold  
and dismissed him4  ,poor ,taddeo6 said 
he1 to suffer as well as ,i do--no no1  
not so much as ,i do2 for earthly love  
cannot be compared with heavenly        
passion4 ,jealousy such as ,i suffer can
 be compared to nothing2 and all is     
derived from the serpent's stings1 with 
which ,barberini pricked my heart4  ,the
 time until day seemed interminable to  
,monte-,leone4 ,it came at last4 ,the   
,count rang for ,giacomo and dressed    
himself elegantly4 ,the old man on this 
occasion assisted him cheerfully and    
zealously1 as he had previously shown   
repugnance on the night of the terrible 
expedition at ,torre-del-,greco4        
,monte-,leone ordered his handsomest    
equipage4 ,a few minutes afterwards the 
horses pawed impatiently in the         

court-yard1 so that the driver could    
with difficulty restrain them4 ,when the
 ,count came down1 he found ,giacomo    
standing in the door of the saloon so as
 to bar his egress4 ,pale and agitated1 
the old man restrained the ,count1 and  
in a stern1 quarrelsome voice said3     
,what is the matter now8 what new folly 
are you about to commit8  ,what the     
devil do you mean8 asked the ,count1    
taking hold of the intendant's hand4    
,no1 ,monsignore1 you shall not go1 said
 ,giacomo1 extending his arms so as     
completely to shut the door1 unless you 
serve me as you did ,stenio ,salvatori4 
,is it not a shame that the noblest of  
the gentlemen of ,naples1 that the son  
of my master1 should walk abroad armed  
like the bravo of ,venice--with a sword1
 poniard and pistol in his bosom8 ,what1
 if you please1 was that box of pistols1
 placed by little ,jack1 your groom1 as 
those animals are called in ,england1 in
 your carriage8  ,what is it to you8    
said the ,count1 impatiently4  ,what is 

it to me8 asked the old man with tears  
in his eyes4 ,are you not again about to
 risk your life against ,i know not whom
 nor why8 ,what is it to me8 ,that you  
may live1 that my last days may not be  
passed in uneasiness and despair1 like  
those which have gone by--for ,i love   
you4 ,count1 said the old man1 kneeling 
before his master1 ,i love you as a     
father loves his son4 ,i held you in my 
arms when you were a child4 ,for        
heaven's sake renounce your dangerous   
plans1 renounce the acquaintance of     
those rascally mysterious looking men   
who come so often to see you4 ,have     
nothing to say to that rascally ,signor 
,pignana1 whom ,i would so gladly see   
hung4 ,be again happy1 gay1 and joyous1 
as you used to he4 ,true1 we were       
ruining ourselves1 but we were not      
conspirators4  ,the ,count gave his hand
 to ,giacomo4  ,giacomo1 my good fellow1
 said he1 ,i am about to engage in no   
conspiracy4  ,what then8  ,i am about to
 marry1 said ,monte-,leone1 with a      

smile4  ,marry6 with a case of pistols  
as a wedding present8  ,why6 said the   
,count1 moodily1 ,i may perhaps meet    
enemies on the road4 ,now ,i have more  
than life to protect3 ,i have my honor4 
,monte-,leone1 making an affectionate   
gesture to the old man1 descended gayly 
and sprang into the coach1 which bore   
him rapidly towards ,sorrento1 and      
stopped at the door of ,signora         
,rovero's house1 as we have previously  
said4  ,when she saw ,monte-,leone1     
instead of ,taddeo1 ,signora ,rovero    
trembled4  ,signor1 said she to the     
,count1 for heaven's sake tell me what  
evil tidings you bear4 ,what misfortune 
has befallen ,taddeo8  ,in two days1    
,signora1 ,taddeo will be here1 and ,i  
have the difficult duty to excuse his   
absence4 ,he has1 however1 asked me to  
deliver you his letter1 which explains  
all4  ,signora ,rovero took the letter  
and opened it with eagerness4  ,excuse  
me1 ,signor1 said she to the ,count1 but
 you must make allowance for a mother's 

anxiety4  ,so be it1 she observed1 after
 having read it4 ,taddeo is in no danger
 if we except that his fortune may be   
bad4 ,a hunting party in the mountains  
will detain him for two days from us4   
,count1 said ,signora ,rovero1 my son   
speaks so affectionately of you that ,i 
am led to offer you my own love4  ,i    
have the advantage in that respect1     
,signora1 for the kindness with which   
you treated me while here1 and the      
memories ,i bore away1 have ever since  
inspired the deepest affection for you4 
,they entered the saloon1 and ,signora  
,rovero introduced ,maulear to          
,monte-,leone4 ,they saluted each other 
with the most exquisite politeness1 but 
without exchanging a glance4  ,between  
love and hate there is this in common3  
it sees without the eye2 it hears       
without the ear4 ,love has a            
presentiment of love1 and hatred of     
hatred4  ,monte-,leone approached       
,aminta4 ,all his power and energy were 
insufficient to triumph over the violent

 agitation which took possession of him 
when he spoke to the young girl4 ,his   
loving heart offered but faint          
opposition to the torrent of passion1   
which had been so long repressed that it
 was ready to bear away every obstacle4 
,aminta blushed and became troubled when
 she recognized in the vibration of his 
voice all the emotion ,monte-,leone     
experienced4 ,the conversation became   
general4 ,signora ,rovero spoke to the  
,count of his trial1 the incidents of   
which the ,marquis had been kind enough 
to read4 ,the ,count bowed to the       
,marquis as if to acknowledge a favor4  
,maulear looked away to avoid the       
necessity of acknowledging it4 ,the     
,count seemed not to perceive it4       
,aminta became aware that if he kept    
silent longer the circumstance would be 
remarked4  ,during your imprisonment1   
,count1 in the ,castle ,del ,uovo1 ,i   
have heard that a terrible episode      
occurred1 the details of which the      
,diaro does not give4  ,the reason was  

the ,diario did not know them4 ,true1   
like other journalists he might have    
invented them1 but he did not do so2    
and1 perhaps1 acted well1 for his       
fancies could not have equalled the     
truth4  ,the ,count then simply1 without
 exaggeration1 and especially without   
that petition for pity which is so      
frequently met with1 told the story of  
the terrible scene in the prison4       
,aminta listened to every word4 ,she    
suffered with the prisoner1 hoped with  
him1 and followed all the details of the
 story1 exhibiting the most profound    
pity for the occurrence4 ,signora       
,rovero sympathized with her daughter1  
and1 for the time1 ,monte-,leone was the
 hero of the villa4 ,all the prejudices 
of ,aminta disappeared in a moment in   
the presence of ,monte-,leone1 as the   
morning vapors are dispersed by the     
first rays of the sun4  ,maulear1 in icy
 silence1 listened to the ,count and    
looked at ,aminta4 ,as he did so1 his   
brow became covered with clouds         

precisely as that of ,aminta began to   
grow bright4 ,the latter1 perceiving the
 painful impressions of the ,marquis1   
extended every attention to him1 so that
 ,monte-,leone began to grow moody4 ,the
 two rivals passed the whole day in     
alternations of hope and fear1 happiness
 and suffering4 ,the state of things1   
however1 was too tense to be of long    
duration4 ,these few hours seemed       
centuries to the adorers of ,aminta1 and
 if any one had been able to look into  
the depths of their ulcerated hearts1 he
 would have seen that a spark would have
 produced an explosion4 ,many of the    
neighbors of ,signora ,rovero1 who had  
not visited her since the ball1 ventured
 to return4 ,among others present was   
,gaetano ,brignoli4 ,all loved him for  
his frank and pleasant off-hand         
speeches1 and all received him with good
 humor and confidence4 ,maulear1 who had
 laid aside his dislike1 received him   
kindly1 as he had previously done       
distantly4 ,the ,rose of ,sorrento      

reproached ,gaetano with having         
forgotten his promise4  ,you should     
yourself on the next day1 said she1 have
 given me news of ,taddeo and of        
,monte-,leone's trial4 ,you1 however1   
only wrote4 ,friends like you1 and      
brothers like mine1 are unworthy of the 
affection bestowed on them4 ,then1 like 
a child making friends with a playmate1 
she took ,gaetano into the embrasure of 
a meadow1 and began to talk with him in 
a low tone4 ,the night promised to be   
brilliant and serene1 and the air to be 
soft and pleasant4 ,the evening breeze  
penetrated into the saloon1 refreshing  
the atmosphere with the respiration of  
the sea4 ,what a magnificent evening1   
,marquis1 said ,monte-,leone to         
,maulear1 as he approached him1 and     
looked at the stars which had begun to  
dot the sky4  ,it was the first time the
 ,count had spoken to the ,marquis      
directly4 ,the latter trembled as a     
soldier who hears the sound of the first
 battle signal4 ,his emotion was short1 

and saluting the ,count affably as      
possible1 he replied3  ,it1 is a winter 
evening in ,italy1 ,count1 but in       
,france it would be one of summer4  ,do 
you not think1 said ,monte-,leone1 that 
this is the proper hour for exercise1 in
 this country8 ,the complete repose of  
nature1 the eloquent silence of night1  
all invite us to confidence1 and make us
 wish for isolation and solitude--      
,count1 said ,maulear1 do you wish for a
 half solitude2 a desert inhabited by   
two persons8  ,certainly1 that is what  
,i mean4  ,so do ,i1 and would          
participate in yours4  ,come1 then1 ,i  
never saw a more beautiful night1 and ,i
 shall be charmed to enjoy it with you4 
,these two men1 with rage in their      
hearts1 each being an impregnable       
barrier to the happiness of the other1  
loving the same woman in the same way1  
resolved to contend for her1 to their   
last breath2--these two men left the    
saloon1 with smiles on their lips1 like 
friends about to listen to the secret   

thoughts of each other beneath the      
shadow of some beautiful landscape1 in  
happiness and pleasure4  ,aminta saw    
them go out4 ,she grew pale1 and        
suffered so that she leaned against the 
window-case4   ,v4 ,,three ,,rivals4    
,count ,monte-,leone and the ,marquis de
 ,maulear entered together a vast and   
beautiful avenue1 silvered over by a    
brilliant moon4  ,signor1 said the      
,count to ,maulear1 do you ever have    
waking dreams8 ,can you1 by the power of
 your imagination1 transport yourself   
into the future1 and1 as it were1 read  
your destiny1 with all its prosperous   
and unfortunate incidents1 its pleasures
 and chagrins8 ,this often happens to   
me1 especially by day and when ,i am    
unhappy4 ,for a long time1 too1 ,i have 
been unhappy4 ,for instance1 not long   
ago1 when shut up in a dark prison1 with
 no prospect before me but that of an   
unjust death1 and the headsman's axe    
bringing to a close my sad and eventful 
career1 my good angel certainly1 for ,i 

believe in such beings1 sent1 two       
hundred feet below the surface of the   
earth1 a vision of dazzling light and   
beauty4 ,i was transported beneath the  
green shadows of myrtles and            
orange-trees2 ,i breathed an atmosphere 
impregnated with intoxicating and       
balsamic perfumes1 while near me1 with  
her hand in mine1 and her heart beating 
on my bosom1 was a young girl1 destined 
to be my guide through this life of     
misery2 the angel1 in fact1 of whom ,i  
spoke just now4 ,sorrows1 suffering1    
injustice1 the dungeon1 and the         
executioner1 all disappeared1 and ,i    
enjoyed all the luxury of this heavenly 
revelation2 and ,i said1 for the        
realization of this heavenly revelation1
 the heart's blood would not be too dear
 a price4 ,do you not think so1         
,marquis8  ,i do1 ,count1 said ,maulear1
 and especially so1 because what your   
rich imagination has created for you1   
chance1 or my good genius--for ,i too   
have faith in them--has displayed before

 me1 not in the delirium of a dream1 but
 in reality4 ,i have seen the myrtle    
groves of which you dreamed3 ,i have    
breathed the perfumes you describe so   
well3 ,i have found the woman your      
imagination has shadowed to me4 ,i found
 her one day when ,i did not expect to  
do so4 ,i found one more beautiful than 
,i had fancied woman could be1 gifted   
with such charms1 grace1 and virtue1    
that ,i ask myself frequently whether   
such a being can belong to earth4       
,marquis1 said ,monte-,leone1 and as he 
spoke he led the ,count towards a darker
 alley1 lighted up only by a few rays of
 the moon1 which penetrated the         
interstices of the branches1 would it   
not be best to conclude this            
conversation rather in the dark than in 
the light8 ,our words need not any      
light1 and neither you nor ,i pay any   
attention to the expression of our      
faces4  ,so be it1 said ,maulear1 and   
they entered the dark alley4  ,marquis1 
said ,monte-,leone1 the divinity of my  

dream and the object of your passion are
 so alike1 that ,i am sure we worship   
the same idol1 and kneel before the same
 altar4 ,fortune has led two men of soul
 and honor into the same route4 ,we both
 struggle for an object which one only  
can reach4 ,one of us must tread on a   
carcass1 which must be either yours or  
mine4  ,count1 said ,maulear1 we        
understand each other4 ,we adore the    
same idol1 but you are not ignorant that
 our rights to offer it homage are      
different2 that ,i have rights which you
 have not4  ,the ,count trembled4 ,a    
word might crush all his hopes4 ,for a  
few moments he hesitated1 and then in a 
calm voice said1  ,does she love you8   
,without replying to the question1 the  
,marquis said1  ,signora ,rovero1 for   
her name is too deeply engraven on our  
hearts for it not to spring to our lips1
 is aware of my sentiments1 of which ,i 
have already told her4  ,and has        
accepted them8 said ,monte-,leone1 in   
yet greater trouble4  ,no1 said the     

,marquis1 honorably2 but bade me hope   
that some day she would4  ,then1 said   
the ,count1 with joy1 nothing is lost4  
,marquis1 the past is yours1 but the    
future is mine4 ,had ,i the mind and    
grace of a ,french nobleman1 ,i would1  
perhaps1 propose to you a contest of    
courtesy1 and might rely on my hope1 my 
love1 my attention1 to triumph4 ,but the
 contest must be of a different kind2   
for ,i will expose myself to no risks4  
,lowering his voice1 he continued3 ,not 
one and the other can present his love  
to the ,signorina ,rovero1 but one      
without the other4 ,you or ,i alone2    
and1 as ,i told you just now1 there is a
 life too many4  ,very well1            
signor1--you wage your life against     
mine4 ,i consent1--but must observe that
 this duel should1 at least1 accrue to  
the interest of one or the other of us2 
and yet ,i do not think that ,signorina 
,rovero would touch a blood-stained     
hand4  ,signor1 said ,monte-,leone1 from
 the moment you accept my challenge1 the

 mystery and secrecy with which it must 
be shrouded shall be my affair2 and1 if 
you please1 ,i will tell you of my      
plans4  ,do so1 signor1 said ,maulear1  
coldly4  ,let us leave this alley1 and  
go towards that group of trees in that  
direction4  ,he led ,maulear towards the
 sea4 ,when they stood on the shore1 he 
said1 ,below there is a kind of cove1   
and in it a gondola like those of       
,venice--a pleasure-skiff--built        
formerly by the minister ,rovero for his
 family4 ,at this hour to-morrow1 we    
will meet in this wood and go to the    
boat-house4 ,we will then put to sea1   
and with no witness but the sea and sky1
 we will settle our affair4 ,two men    
will steer the bark to sea1 and one wilt
 guide it back----  ,in spite of his    
courage1 ,maulear could not but shudder 
at one who detailed with such coolness  
so horrible a plan4 ,the manner of death
 frequently enhances our terror1 and he 
who in a forest would bare his bosom to 
his adversary's ball1 would shrink from 

it on the immensity of the ocean4  ,but1
 said ,maulear1 is all this romantic    
preparation1 is this naval drama in     
which you insist on appearing1 necessary
 to our purpose8 ,any other secret      
encounter would have the same effect1   
and would eventuate equally             
satisfactorily4 ,at the distance of a   
few days' travel1 would we not be able  
to fight more safely than here8  ,no1   
,marquis1 ,i must remain in this villa  
until ,taddeo de ,sorrento shall have   
returned4 ,neither ,i nor you can leave 
it without arousing suspicions1 and in  
two days hence1 we would no longer be   
equals2 for honor compels me to say that
 ,taddeo has promised me his sister's   
hand1 and that the influence he exerts  
over his mother will without doubt      
induce her to decide in my favor4 ,if1  
however1 you prefer to run that risk1 ,i
 will not oppose you4  ,no no1 said     
,maulear1 who remembered what ,taddeo   
had said to him in relation to his      
sister1 ,i will fight for her ,i love at

 the very foot of the altar--  ,signor1 
said ,monte-,leone1 let us avoid all    
scandal4 ,the death of him who falls may
 be easily accounted for2 and as you    
said1 we must never suffer her we love  
to think that the happiness of one of us
 has cost the other his life4  ,so be   
it1 said ,maulear1 ,i accept your offer4
  ,to-morrow we will meet1 said the     
,count4  ,the two enemies returned to   
the villa calm1 and apparently          
undisturbed1 as if they had been the    
best friends possible4 ,when they came  
into the room again1 ,aminta sat by her 
mother4 ,the eyes of the young girl1    
however1 turning constantly towards the 
door1 seemed to expect the return of the
 two young men with anxiety4 ,her cheeks
 became slightly flushed when they      
entered4 ,the ,count approached her and 
besought her to sing as he had often    
heard her4 ,aminta sat at the piano4    
,scarcely1 however1 had she sung the    
first bar1 than the door of the saloon  
opened and ,scorpione glided in and sat 

at the feet of the young girl1 where he 
laid down as he used to do2 not1        
however1 daring to look at her4 ,since  
the scandal he had caused1 he had been  
in disgrace with all the family1 and his
 mistress did not speak to him4 ,the    
,count1 who had become acquainted with  
,tonio during his first visit to        
,sorrento1 could not repress a movement 
of horror at the appearance of the      
wretch4 ,far1 however1 from being angry1
 ,tonio seemed glad to see him1 and     
testified his pleasure by various       
affectionate signs4 ,gaetano1 who was   
absent from the room1 just then         
returned1 and at the request of ,signora
 ,rovero sang several duets with        
,aminta4 ,an extraordinary feeling      
seemed to influence the young man1 and  
only with the greatest difficulty could 
he get through his part4 ,when the      
evening was over1 all retired4 ,the next
 day rolled by in embarrassing          
constraint to all the inhabitants of the
 villa4 ,an atmosphere of sadness       

surrounded them1 like the dark clouds   
which seem at the approach of a storm to
 overhang the earth4 ,count             
,monte-,leone alone seemed master of    
himself1 and sought to cure the general 
atony in which even ,maulear was        
involved4 ,a sensible difference was    
remarked between the two men1 each of   
whom loved the same woman1 while one of 
them must lose her forever4 ,the ,count 
did not take his eyes from her1 and     
seemed thus to lay in a provision of    
pleasure for eternity1 which seemed     
ready to open before him4 ,maulear1 on  
the other hand1 was sad and pensive1 and
 scarcely dared to lift his eyes to     
,aminta1 fearing1 beyond doubt1 that he 
would thus increase his sorrow and      
distress1 and diminish his courage when 
the crisis came4 ,as the day wore on4   
,aminta1 feeling unwell1 retired to her 
room4 ,signora ,rovero1 accustomed to   
see her daughter have similar attacks1  
sat to play reversis with ,count        
,brignoli and two other persons4        

,monte-,leone and ,maulear exchanged a  
mysterious sign and left the room nearly
 at the same time4 ,the night was not so
 beautiful as the preceding one had     
been4 ,the disk of the moon sometimes   
was clouded1 and the wind whistled among
 the trees of the park2 all nature1     
deeply agitated1 seemed to sympathize   
with the thoughts which agitated the    
minds of the two enemies4 ,the dark and 
cloudy sky was a meet back-ground for   
such a picture4  ,nine o'clock was      
struck by the bell of the ,church at    
,sorrento1 when two men met at the cove 
we have described4 ,one of them wrapped 
in a cloak had a case under his arm4    
,they went towards the bank and found   
the gondola there4 ,this boat was long1 
like those of ,venice1 in imitation of  
which it had been made--had a little    
cabin in its stern1 which now was       
closed4 ,in it the ladies used to take  
refuge when bad weather interfered with 
their pleasure4 ,the two men used all   
their strength to detach the gondola    

from the shore4 ,at last they succeeded4
 ,the most robust then took one of the  
oars and pushed the boat from the bank4 
,just as they were about to put off1 a  
burst of demoniac laughter rung in their
 ears4 ,a very demon1 a breathing spirit
 of evil1 had witnessed all their       
preparations1 and had learned1 from its 
shape1 the contents of the box2 the idea
 of what they meditated caused him to   
utter this shout of laughter4 ,this     
demon was ,scorpione4 ,this deformity   
was the rival of ,monte-,leone and      
,maulear4  ,the blue and azure waves of 
the sea of ,naples on that night seemed 
dark as ink4 ,the wind agitated them4   
,calm as they usually are1 and like a   
vast cemetery1 the tombs of which open  
to receive the dead1 they opened before 
the prow of the boat like a grave1 as   
they were intended to be4 ,at a distance
 of about three hundred fathoms the two 
adversaries ceased to row and replaced  
the oars in the gondola4 ,without       
speaking1 they took out the pistols1    

examined their locks1 and opened them4  
,signor1 said ,monte-,leone1 ,i thank   
you for the honor you have done me in   
deigning to use my arms4  ,the arms of  
,count ,monte-,leone are not to be      
refused4  ,a true hand gives them4  ,a  
true hand receives them4  ,nothing more 
was said4 ,they then proceeded to place 
themselves at the several ends of the   
boat4 ,the ,count uncovered himself4    
,maulear did also4 ,they let fall their 
cloaks and opened the linen which       
covered their bosoms4 ,they raised their
 pistols1 took aim1 and were about to   
fire4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,the door of the cabin was 
thrown open1 and ,aminta rushed to the  
centre of the gondola4 ,gaetano followed
 her4 ,the weapons fell from the hands  
of the rivals2 and in terror and        
surprise they looked on this apparition4
 ,not a cry escaped from their lips4    
,pale and motionless1 they looked at    
each other without1 at first1           
recognizing ,aminta4 ,not a word passed 

their lips4 ,terror-stricken1 they      
fancied themselves in the presence of   
some heavenly being1 sent1 like the     
angel of peace1 to rescue them from     
death4 ,the voice of ,aminta1 full of   
trouble and terror1 echoed over the     
waves1 like that of an angel1 and alone 
aroused them from the ecstatic state in 
which they were plunged4  ,signori1 said
 she1 ,i might sooner have put a stop to
 this atrocious duel1 the very idea of  
which terrifies me2 had it not have been
 so near its completion1 you would1     
perhaps1 have denied the intention to   
fight after all1 within a few days4     
,thanks to the assistance of ,gaetano1  
my childhood's friend1 who yesterday    
evening became acquainted with your     
intention1 ,i have by ,god's aid been   
able to prevent it4 ,i wished my        
presence to be grave and solemn1 that   
you might never renew the attempt2 in   
order that1 as it were1 in the presence 
of ,god and of death1 you might know my 
fixed determination4 ,i would not be    

burdened with an existence which had    
cost the life of a fellow-being3 you1   
,signor ,monte-,leone1 by the revered   
manes of your father2 and you1 ,marquis 
de ,maulear1 by all you love1 ,i conjure
 to swear that you will respect the life
 of him ,i shall accept as my husband4  
,impose no such oath on me1 said        
,monte-,leone4  ,let me die first1 said 
,maulear4  ,not you only1 but ,i will   
die also4 ,if ,i do not hear you swear1 
,i will throw myself into the sea4  ,she
 placed her foot on the gunwale of the  
boat4  ,we swear1 said the rivals1      
rushing towards her4  ,thanks1 ,signori1
 ,i will trust your oath4 ,count        
,monte-,leone1 said she1 the ,marquis de
 ,maulear saved my life2 you will also  
learn1 hereafter1 how generously he     
resolved to save my honor when it was   
compromised4 ,my heart is de ,maulear's1
 and ,i give him my hand4  ,the ,marquis
 fell at ,aminta's feet4  ,to you1 she  
continued1 ,count ,monte-,leone1 ,i can 
offer only my respect and esteem4       

,signorina1 said ,monte-,leone1 with a  
voice full of dignity and despair1 ,i   
accept even the boon you offer me2 and  
henceforth he whom you love is sacred to
 me4  ,by a violent effort over himself 
he extended his hand to ,maulear4 ,the  
waves had borne the bark towards the    
shore1 and all who had participated in  
this scene returned safely to the villa4
 ,signora ,rovero1 who did not know what
 had passed1 on the next day received a 
letter from ,monte-,leone1 who1 during  
the night1 had left the villa4          
,,vi4--,,marriage4  ,nothing can        
describe the intensity of ,count        
,monte-,leone's grief when he was again 
in the carriage1 which1 on the evening  
before1 had borne him to happiness1 and 
now took him back to ,naples1 sad and   
despairing4 ,the ,count had overcome his
 own nature1 and this was a great       
victory to one who usually yielded to   
every prompting of passion4 ,on this    
occasion he had restrained himself and  
overcome his rage at his rival's        

triumph4 ,he overcame his agony at the  
wreck of his hopes4 ,when he left       
,sorrento1 and awoke1 so to say1 from   
the stupefaction into which he had      
plunged1 the excitable brain and fiery  
heart again re-opened4  ,i was a fool1  
said he1 ,i was a fool when ,i yielded  
my happiness to another4 ,i was yet more
 mad when ,i swore to respect his life1 
when something far more violent than    
mine is wrested from me4 ,has he not    
crushed and tortured my heart8 ,i regret
 even my place of imprisonment1         
continued he4 ,there ,i had dreams of   
love2 and had death reached me in that  
abyss1 ,i should have borne away hopes  
of the future which now are crushed for 
ever4  ,two torrents of tears rolled    
down the cheeks of this iron-hearted    
man1 over which they had rarely flown   
before4  ,on the morning after          
,monte-,leone's return to his hotel1 he 
might have been observed sitting before 
the portrait of the victim of ,carlo    
,,iii41 the holy martyr of conscience1  

as he called his father1 looking on his 
noble brow with the most tender respect4
 ,we have spoken of the almost          
superstitious faith of the ,count in the
 fact that his father protected him in  
all the events of his life4 ,we have    
heard him call on his father when about 
to be buried in the waves of the sea1   
and then become resigned to death in the
 pious faith that his father waited for 
him4 ,whenever danger menaced           
,monte-,leone2 whenever he was          
unexpectedly prosperous1 or was involved
 in misfortune2 whenever his life was   
lighted up with prosperity1 or          
misfortune overwhelmed him1 he always   
looked to this parent4 ,he thought his  
pure spirit hovered above him2 and      
encouraged by this celestial aid1 he    
trusted to the mutations of fortune     
without fear or apprehension4 ,when he  
looked at this adored image1 consolation
 seemed always to descend on his soul4  
,overcome by the boundless love ,aminta 
had inspired1 he had forgotten the      

political duties to which he was        
devoted4 ,it seemed to him that this    
cause1 to which he had consecrated his  
life1 had wonderfully diminished in     
importance since his trial4  ,can it be1
 oh my father1 that you were unwilling  
for my love to interfere with the       
prospects of the duties imposed on me by
 your death8 ,or1 is it that in your    
pity you have feared that1 in my        
dangers1 the angel to whom ,i have      
devoted my existence would be           
overwhelmed4 ,if1 oh my father1 it be   
thy will that ,i suffer these cruel     
torments2 if ,i am to reserve my energy 
for the cause ,i defend1 be rejoiced at 
my sufferings1 for ,i am able to bear   
them4 ,ere long ,i will again see those 
who have trusted me with their fate1 and
 the suspicions of whom offend and wound
 me4 ,they will know my resolutions1 and
 ,i shall know whether ,i shall remain  
their leader or tread my weary way      
alone4  ,just then the door of his      
cabinet opened1 and a man appeared1 or  

rather a spectre1 so much had his       
appearance been changed by fatigue and  
suffering4 ,he rushed into the arms of  
,monte-,leone4  ,taddeo1 said he1 my    
,god6 what has happened8 ,how pale you  
are6 ,why are these tears in your eyes4 
,my friend1 ,la ,felina has deceived me 
only by a day4 ,she was1 however1       
mistaken herself4 ,to-morrow1 said she1 
you will love me less4 ,to-day ,i love  
her no more4 ,you see ,i have done      
better than she even hoped4  ,he fell1  
with his heart crushed1 on a chair1 and 
sobbed4  ,speak1 speak to me1 said      
,monte-,leone1 forgetful of his friend's
 suffering in his own4  ,as ,i wrote to 
you1 said ,taddeo1 ,i determined to     
follow her1 and find out her retreat at 
all events4 ,had it been necessary1 ,i  
would have followed her to the end of   
the world4 ,leaving the horse ,i had in 
a street near the theatre1 ,i went to   
the door whence ,i supposed ,la ,felina 
would come4 ,i had been there an hour   
when ,i saw a post-carriage approach4 ,a

 few moments had elapsed when a woman1  
accompanied by a servant1 left the      
theatre1 and after looking anxiously    
around1 to be sure that she was         
unobserved1 entered the carriage4 ,the  
valet got up behind1 and the postillion1
 who had not left the saddle1 whipped up
 his horses and left in a gallop4 ,i    
mounted my horse and followed the       
carriage1 keeping just two hundred yards
 behind it4 ,the carriage was driven    
towards ,rome1 and at every post-house  
the horses were changed1 on which       
occasions ,i kept out of sight1 and then
 resumed my pursuit4 ,thus we travelled 
about fifteen leagues2 when1 however1 we
 reached the eighth post-house1 the     
carriage spring became broken and the   
body was thrown into a ditch4 ,i rushed 
towards it1 opened the door1 and1 in a  
fainting condition1 received the person 
it contained4 ,i bore her to the road1  
and1 to give her air1 threw aside her   
veil4 ,i uttered a cry of rage and      
agony4 ,the woman in my arms was not ,la

 ,felina4 ,the sound of my voice aroused
 the stranger's attention1 and she      
looked at me as if she were afraid4     
',who are you8' said she1 trembling4    
',what do you wish8' ',to save ,la      
,felina1 whom ,i thought was here4' ',la
 ,felina6 ,you were in search of ,la    
,felina6' ',certainly4' ',and you are   
the horseman whom ,giuseppe1 the        
courier1 told me at the last relay1     
followed us1 are you8' ',certainly ,i   
am4' ,the woman examined her arms1 etc41
 to see that she was not hurt1 looked at
 me most ironically1 and then bursting  
into laughter1 said3 ',well1 after all1 
the trick was well played4' ',what      
trick8' ',the one ,la ,felina has played
 on all her lovers1 the most ardent of  
whom you are4' ,i looked at the woman so
 earnestly1 and sorrow seemed so deeply 
marked on my countenance1 that ,i saw an
 expression of pity steal over her face4
 ',poor young man6' said she1 'then you 
really loved her8' ',i did1 and if ,i   
lose her ,i shall die4' ',come1' said   

she1 'you will not die4 ,if all who have
 told me the same thing died1 ,naples   
would be like the catacombs of ,rome4   
,come with me1' she continued1 'to the  
post-house1 for now ,i feel by the pain 
,i suffer that my arm is out of place4  
,there ,i will tell you all4' ,i went   
with the woman to the post-house1 when a
 few drops of cordial soon invigorated  
her4 ',this is the explanation of what  
is a matter of so much surprise to you4 
,perhaps ,i should be silent2 but you   
seem to love ,la ,felina so truly1 and a
 young man who really loves is so       
interesting that ,i will tell you all4' 
,the circumlocution of this woman almost
 ran me mad6 ,she finally said3 ',my    
mistress was afraid some of her lovers  
would follow her1 and wishing to conceal
 the route she had gone1 took the idea  
of substituting me for herself1 and sent
 me to ,rome1 where she is to write me  
her destination4 ,you followed me       
instead of her4 ,she was right1 and had 
good reason to act as she did4' ',then  

she has not yet left1' asked ,i1        
thinking of a means to rejoin her4 ',she
 was to leave ,naples1' said the woman1 
'an hour after me1 and is1 no doubt1 now
 far from the city4' ',and does she     
travel alone on these dangerous roads8' 
said ,i4 ',oh1 no1 she travels with     
him4' ',with him6 of whom1 for heaven's 
sake1 do you speak8' ',ah1' said the    
woman1 ',la ,felina would never forgive 
me if ,i told you4 ,he1 too1 might make 
me pay dearly for my indiscretion4' ,i  
begged1 ,i besought the woman to conceal
 nothing from me1 and gave her all the  
money ,i had1 promising to increase the 
sum tenfold4 ,she yielded at last1 and  
told me that ,la ,felina had left       
,naples with her lover4 ,her lover6 do  
you hear8 continued ,taddeo1 in a       
delirium of rage1 and her lover is the  
minister of police1 the ,duke of ,palma4
  ,more perfidious than the water6 said 
,monte-,leone1 contemptuously4 ,poor    
,taddeo6  ,do not pity me1 said the     
latter1 in a paroxysm of terrible rage4 

,i was to be pitied when ,i loved her1  
when a divinity dwelt in my soul1 when  
my love was ecstatic and endowed her    
with an innocence1 which my reason told 
me she did not possess4 ,i was fool     
enough to deceive myself4 ,now this     
woman to be sure is but a woman2 she is 
less than feminine1 as the mistress of a
 rich and powerful noble1 the ,duke of  
,palmo4 ,love might have killed me1 but 
contempt has stifled love4  ,his head   
fell on his chest1 and he wept4 ,he wept
 as man weeps for a departed passion1   
which has vivified his heart1 but which 
yields to death1 or worse still1 another
 passion4  ,my friend1 said             
,monte-,leone1 your grief is cruel1 but 
,i suffer more intensely6 ,monte-,leone 
told ,taddeo what had taken place at    
,sorrento4  ,the friends were again     
locked in the arms of each other1 and   
mingled their tears--the one for the    
loss of an earthly passion1 and the     
other for a celestial affection1 as     
,monte-,leone characterized the two     

sentiments when he read a letter of     
,rovero's4 ,taddeo had appointed the    
following day for his return to         
,sorrento1 and faithful to his promise  
he left ,naples for the villa of his    
mother4 ,the farewell of the two men was
 sad and touching1 for a long time must 
elapse before they met again4           
,monte-,leone had resolved to leave     
,naples for some time4 ,the proximity of
 ,sorrento lacerated his heart1 and to  
see her he loved the wife of another    
would to him be insupportable4 ,taddeo  
was aware of the reasons why the ,count 
had determined to travel1 and had he no 
mother he would also have been anxious  
to leave the country4  ,taddeo1 said    
,monte-,leone to his friend1 when the   
former was about to set out1 ,i have a  
favor to ask of you on which ,i place an
 immense estimate1 and for which ,i must
 be indebted to your love4 ,here1 said  
he1 presenting the magnificent emerald  
wrought by ,benvenuto ,cellini1 take    
this ring1 and beg your sister to accept

 it4 ,tell her1 as she offered me her   
friendship1 ,i have a right to send a   
testimonial to her of my devotion4 ,then
 with a voice trembling with emotion1 he
 added1 ,say this ring preserved my     
life4 ,this will not add to its value in
 her eyes2 but tell her in confidence   
the history of this ring1 and some day1 
said he1 with a bitter smile1 it may be 
looked on as a curious relic4  ,not so1 
not so1 said ,taddeo1 kissing the ring4 
,to us it cannot but be a precious      
treasure4  ,perhaps while he acted thus1
 ,taddeo thought not only of his friend1
 but of the woman who had preserved him 
from death4  ,taddeo left4  ,fifteen    
days after his reaching home1 all       
,sorrento put on its holiday attire4    
,the church of the town1 splendidly     
decorated1 the lighted torches1 the     
people in their gala dresses1 all       
announced that some remarkable event was
 about to take place in the village4    
,the bells rung loud peals1 and young   
girls dressed in white1 with flowers in 

their hands1 stood on the church        
portico4 ,certainly a great event was   
about to take place4 ,the ,white ,rose  
of ,sorrento was about to be married to 
a ,french nobleman of high rank1 ,henri 
,marquis de ,maulear4  ,about noon there
 was a rumor among the crowd in front of
 the church that the bridal party were  
near4 ,all hurried to meet them1 and    
,aminta was seen leaning on her         
brother's arm1 while the ,marquis       
escorted ,signora ,rovero4  ,the        
appearance of the beautiful young girl1 
whiter than her veil1 paler than the    
flowers which adorned her brow1 produced
 a general sensation of admiration4     
,mingled with this1 however1 was a kind 
of sadness1 when the melancholy on her  
brow was observed4 ,the ,marquis seemed 
also to be ill at ease1 and to suffer   
under the influence of feelings which on
 such a day were strange indeed4 ,all   
care1 all anxiety should be lost in the 
intoxication of love4 ,maulear had      
purchased his happiness by an error1 and

 this oppressed him4 ,after the noble   
decision of ,aminta1 and the preference 
she had so heroically expressed at the  
time of his purposed duel with          
,monte-,leone1 ,maulear had not dared to
 mention the letter of his father4 ,he  
had simply told ,signora ,rovero1 that  
he was master of his own actions1 and   
sure of his father's consent and        
approbation to the marriage he was about
 to contract4 ,the ,signora1 who was    
credulous1 was confident that a         
brilliant match was secured for ,aminta1
 and suffered herself to be easily      
persuaded4 ,maulear1 too1 became daily  
more infatuated2 and1 listening to      
passion alone1 had informed his father1 
not that he was about to marry1 but that
 when the letter reached him he would be
 married4 ,yet when he had sent the     
letter1 and the time was come1 all his  
fears were aroused1 and he shuddered at 
the apprehension of the consequences of 
what he was about to do4 ,in this state 
of mind he went to the altar1 and       

nothing but the beauty of his bride and 
the solemnity of the ceremony could     
efface the sombre clouds which obscured 
his brow4 ,the priest blessed the pair1 
and a few minutes after the young       
,marquis of ,maulear1 with his beautiful
 ,marquise1 left the village4  ,just    
when the venerable village priest1 in   
,god's name1 placed ,aminta's hand in   
,henri's1 the terrible cry we have      
already heard twice echoed through the  
arches of the church1 and a man was seen
 to rush towards the sea4 ,the shout1   
though it filled the church1 was uttered
 in the portico1 and had not interrupted
 the service4 ,thenceforth ,scorpione   
was never seen at ,sorrento4            
,,footnotes3  ,n ,entered according to  
,act of ,congress1 in the year #ahej1 by
 ,stringer  ,townsend1 in the ,clerk's  
,office of the ,district ,court of the  
,united ,states for the ,southern       
,district of ,new ,york4  ,o ,anglice4  
,good day1 my dear ,pignana4  ,p ,the   
original of this sentence is ,je vais   

vous donner la liste 444 c'est a dire le
 compte de ,,nos ,,hommes 444 non de    
,,nos ,,sommes1 etc41 etc4 ,it is       
scarcely probably that ,,monte-,,leone  
and ,pignana1 speaking ,italian1        
indulged in ,french jeux des mots4      
,,the ,,abbe ,,de ,,voisenon ,,and ,,his
 ,,times4  ,from ,frazer's ,magazine    
,the province of ,brie1 in ,france1     
divided and subdivided since the        
,revolution of #aghi1 into departments1 
arondissements1 and cantons1 is filled  
with chateaux1 which1 in the reign of   
,louis ,,xv41 were inhabited by those   
gold-be-spangled marquises1 those idle1 
godless abbes1 and those obese          
financiers1 whom the secret memoirs of  
,grimm and ,bachaumont1 and the letters 
of the ,marquis de ,lauraguais1 have    
held up to such unsparing ridicule and  
contempt4 ,this milky and               
cheese-producing ,brie1 this            
inexhaustible ,io1 was1 at the epoch of 
the regent ,orleans and his deplorable  
successor1 a literal cavern of          

pleasures1 in the most impure           
acceptation of the term2 every chateau  
which the ,black ,band has not          
demolished is1 as it were1 a half-volume
 of memoirs in which may be read the    
entire history of the times4 ,here is   
the spot where formerly stood the       
chateau of ,samuel ,bernard1 the        
prodigal1 it is true1 of an anterior    
age1 but worthy of the succeeding one2  
there is the pavilion of ,bourei1       
another financier1 another ,jupiter of  
all the ,danaes of the ,theatre         
,italien3 on this side we see ,vaux1 the
 residence of that most princely of     
finance ministers1 whose suddenly       
acquired power and wealth1 and as sudden
 downfall1 may surely point a moral for 
all ministers present and to come2 on   
that side we have the chateau of ,law1  
the trigonometrical thief2 and ,brunoy1 
the residence of the greatest eccentric 
perhaps in the annals of ,french        
history3 in a word1 wherever the foot is
 placed1 there arises a sort of         

lamentation of the eighteenth           
century--that celebrated century1 whose 
limits we do not pretend to circumscribe
 as the astronomers would1 but whose    
beginning may be dated from the decline 
of the reign of ,louis ,,xiv41 its      
career closing with ,barras1 whose      
immodest chateau still displays at the  
present day its restored foundations on 
the soil upon which ,vaux1 ,brunoy1 and 
,voisenon1 shone so fatally4  ,it was in
 this last named little chateau that was
 born and educated the celebrated abbe1 
the friend of ,voltaire1 of ,madame     
,favart1 and of the ,duc de la          
,valliere2 and here it was1 also1 that  
in manhood its possessor would          
occasionally resort1 though not the     
least in the world a man who could      
appreciate rural enjoyments1 for the    
purpose of reposing from the fatigues of
 some of his epicurean pilgrimages to   
his friends at ,paris or ,montrouge1 and
 which was his final sojourn when age   
and infirmities rendered it imperatively

 necessary for him to breathe the pure  
air of his native place1 far away from  
the heating petits soupers of the       
capital1 and the various other dearly   
cherished scenes of his earlier years4  
,claude ,henri ,fusee de ,voisenon1     
,abbe of ,jard1 and ,minister           
,plenipotentiary of the ,prince-,bishop 
of ,spire1 was born at ,voisenon on the 
#hth of ,june1 #agjh4 ,biographers have1
 perhaps1 laid too much stress on the   
debility of constitution which he       
brought with him into the world1        
inherited1 they say1 from his mother1 an
 exceedingly delicate woman4 ,since the 
examples of longevity given by          
,fontenelle and ,voltaire1 of whom the  
first lived to the use of a hundred1 and
 the second to upwards of four-score    
years1 and yet both of whom came into   
the world with very doubtful chances of 
existence1 it is become a very hazardous
 task to determine1 or even to foretell1
 length of days by the state of health  
at birth4 ,they add1 that an unhealthy  

nurse1 aggravating the hereditary       
weakness of the child1 infused with her 
milk into his blood the germs of that   
asthma from which he suffered all his   
life1 and of which he eventually died4  
,these facts accepted--a delicate       
mother1 an unhealthy nurse1 an asthma1  
and constant spittings of blood--it     
follows that1 even with these serious   
disadvantages to contend with1 a man may
 live and even enjoy life up to the age 
of sixty-eight4 ,how many healthy men   
there are who would be content to attain
 this age6 ,and if the ,abbe de         
,voisenon did not exceed the bounds of  
an age of very fair proportions1 we must
 bear in mind that1 though even an      
invalid1 he constantly trifled with his 
health with the imprudence of a man of  
vigorous constitution2 eating beyond    
measure1 drinking freely1 presiding at  
all the petits soupers--petit only in   
name--of the capital1 passing the nights
 in running from salon to salon1 and    
seldom retiring to rest before morning3 

a worthy pupil of that ,hercules of     
debauchery1 ,richelieu1 his master and  
his executioner4 ,terrified at the      
delicate appearance of his child1 his   
father dared not send him to school1 but
 had him brought up under his own eye1  
with all the patience of an indulgent   
parent and the solicitude of a          
physician4 ,five years' cares were      
sufficient to develop the intellectual  
capacities of a mind at once lively and 
clear1 and marvellously fitted by nature
 to receive and retain the lessons of   
preceptors4 ,at eleven years of age he  
addressed a rhyming epistle to          
,voltaire1 who replied1--  ,you love    
verses1 and ,i predict that you will    
make charming ones4 ,come and see me1   
and be my pupil4  ,if ,voisenon         
justified the prediction1 he scarcely   
surpassed the favorable sense which it  
incloses4 ,verbose1 incorrect1 poor in  
form1 pale and washy as diluted ,indian 
ink1 his verses occasionally display    
witty touches1 because every one was    

witty in the eighteenth century2 but to 
class them with the works of the poets  
of his day as poetry is impossible--they
 merit only being considered in the     
light of lemonade made from ,voltaire's 
well-squeezed lemons4  ,in many respects
 the prose of the eighteenth century1   
not being an art1 but rather the        
resource of unsuccessful poets1 lent    
itself better than did the muse to the  
idle fantasies of the ,abbe de          
,voisenon4 ,his facetiae1 his           
historiettes1 his ,oriental tales1      
reunited later 7at least in part7 with  
the works of the ,comte de ,caylus1 and 
with the libertine tales of ,duclos and 
the younger ,crebillon1 prove the       
facility with which he could imitate    
,voltaire1 while his lucubrations must  
be considered as far inferior to the    
short tales of the latter author4 ,for  
the most part too free1 too indecent1 in
 short1 to show their faces beside some 
elaborately serious fragments which form
 what are called his works1 they figure 

in the work we have just named under the
 title of ,recueil de ces ,messieurs2   
,aventures des ,bals des ,bois2         
,etrennes de la ,st4 ,jean2 ,les        
,ecosseuses2 les ,oeufs de ,paques1 c4  
,we know1 by the memoirs of the time1   
that a society of men of letters1 formed
 by ,mademoiselle ,quinaut du ,frene1   
and composed of fourteen members chosen 
by her1 had proposed to itself the high 
and difficult mission of supping well at
 stated intervals1 and of being         
immensely witty and extravagantly gay4  
,at the end of the half-year these      
effusions of wit and gayety were printed
 by the society at the mutual expense of
 its members1 and given to the world    
under the title of ,recueil de ces      
,messieurs4,q ,deprived of the illusive 
accompaniments of the lights1 the       
sparkling eyes1 the tinkling glasses1   
and the indulgent good-nature engendered
 by an excellent dinner1 good wines1 and
 an ample dessert1 these table          
libertinages1 when read nearly a century

 afterwards1 lose all their piquancy of 
flavor and become simply nauseous4 ,the 
readings1 and consequently the dinners1 
took place sometimes at the house of    
,mademoiselle ,quinaut1 sometimes at    
that of the ,comte de ,caylus4  ,having 
conceived a disgust for the profession  
of arms--for which he had been          
originally intended--in consequence of  
having fought with and wounded a young  
officer in a duel1 he determined upon   
embracing the ecclesiastical state2 and 
shortly after taking orders was inducted
 by ,cardinal ,fleury to the royal abbey
 of ,jard--an easy government1 the seat 
of which was his own chateau of         
,voisenon4  ,as soon as he was actually 
a dignitary of the ,church1 he turned   
his thoughts entirely to the stage6 ,in 
compliance with the request of          
,mademoiselle ,quinaut1 the new ,abbe of
 ,jard wrote a series of dramatic       
pieces1 among which may be cited1 ,la   
,coquette fixee1 ,le ,reveil de ,thalie1
 ,les ,mariages assortis1 and ,le ,jeune

 ,grecque1 little drawing-room comedies1
 which have not kept possession of the  
stage1 and to which ,french literature  
knows not where to give a place at the  
present day1 so far are they from       
offering a single recommendable quality4
 ,the only style of composition in which
 the ,abbe de ,voisenon might have1     
perhaps1 distinguished himself1 had he  
been seconded by an intelligent         
musician1 was the operatic4 ,in this    
baladin talent of his there was         
something of the freedom and sparkle of 
the ,italian abbes2 and yet the ,abbe de
 ,voisenon enjoyed during his life-time 
a high degree of celebrity4 ,seeing the 
utter impossibility of justifying this  
celebrity by his works1 we must presume 
that it proceeded chiefly from his      
amiable character1 his pointed          
epigrammatical conversation1 and in a   
great measure1 also1 from his brilliant 
position in the world4 ,and1 after all1 
did celebrity require other causes at a 
time when a man's success was           

established1 not by the publicity of the
 press1 but from the words dropped from 
his lips in the world1 and from the     
occasional enunciation of a sparkling   
bon mot quickly caught up and for a     
length of time repeated8 ,were we to    
protest against this species of         
illustration1 as the ,french call it1 we
 should be in the wrong3 each epoch has 
its own2 since then times are altered3  
now-a-days1 in ,france1 a man obtains   
celebrity through the medium of the     
press1 formerly it was by the salons4   
,in general1 the ,french litterateurs1  
especially the journalists1 may be said 
to write better now than they did then2 
but where1 we should like to know1 is   
there now to be found a young writer of 
thirty capable of creating and          
sustaining a conversation in a society  
consisting of upwards of a hundred      
distinguished persons8 ,the lackeys of  
,m4 de ,boufflers were1 in all          
probability1 more in their place in a   
salon than would be the most learned or 

witty writers of the present day4  ,if  
the ,abbe de ,voisenon was not exactly  
an eagle as regards common sense and    
intellectual attainments1 what are we to
 think of ,m4 de ,choiseul1 who wished  
to appoint him minister of ,france at   
some foreign court8 ,the ,abbe de       
,voisenon a minister6 that man whom ,m4 
de ,lauraguais called a handful of      
fleas6 ,but if he became not minister of
 ,france1 it was decreed by fate that he
 should be minister of somebody or      
other2 he was too incapable to escape   
this honor4 ,some years after the       
failure of this ridiculous project of   
,m4 de ,choiseul1 the ,prince-bishop of 
,spire appointed him his minister       
plenipotentiary at the ,court of        
,france4 ,his admission into the bosom  
of the ,french ,academy was all that was
 now required to complete his happiness1
 and this honor was shortly afterwards  
conferred upon him1 for he was duly     
elected to the chair vacated by the     
death of ,crebillon4  ,at the age of    

fifty-two1 with the intention of getting
 rid of his asthma1 his constant        
companion through life1 he determined to
 try the effect of mineral waters upon  
his enfeebled constitution4 ,his journey
 from ,paris to ,cautarets1 and his     
sojourn in this head-quarters of bitumen
 and sulphur1 as related by himself in  
his letters to his friends1 may be      
considered as an historical portraiture 
of the method of travelling1 as pursued 
by the grandees of the time1 as well as 
being the truest pages of the idle1     
epicurean1 pleasure-loving1 yet infirm1 
existence of the narrator4       ,we    
passed through ,tours yesterday 7writes 
he to his friend      ,favart1 in his   
first letter1 dated from ,chatelherault 
the #hth      day of ,june1 #agfa71     
where ,madame la ,duchess de ,choiseul  
received all the honors due to the      
gouvernante of the      province3 we    
entered by the ,mall1 which is planted  
with trees      as beautiful as those of
 the ,parisian ,boulevards4 ,here we    

found      a mayor1 who came to harangue
 the duchess4 ,it happened that ,m4     
,sainfrais1 during the harangue1 had    
posted himself directly      behind the 
speaker1 so that every now and then his 
horse1 which      kept constantly       
tossing its head1 as horses will do1    
would give      him a little tap on the 
back--a circumstance which cut his      
phrases in half in the most ludicrous   
manner possible2 because      at every  
blow the orator would turn round to see 
what was the      matter1 after which he
 would gravely resume his discourse1    
while ,i was ready to burst with        
laughter the whole time4 ,two           
leagues further on we had another rich  
scene2 an ecclesiastic      stopped the 
carriage1 and commenced a pompous       
harangue      addressed to ,m4          
,poisonnier1 whom he kept calling mon   
,prince4      ,m4 ,poisonnier replied1  
that he was more than a prince1 and that
      in fact the lives of all princes  
depended upon him1 for he was      a    

physician4 ',what6' exclaimed the       
priest1 'you are not ,m4 le      ,prince
 de ,talmont8' ',he has been dead these 
two years1' replied      the ,duchesse  
de ,choiseul4 ',but who1 then1 is in    
this carriage8'      ',it is ,madame la 
,duchesse de ,choiseul1' replied some   
one4      ,forthwith1 not a whit        
disconcerted1 he commenced another      
harangue1 in which he lauded to the     
skies the excellent      education she  
had bestowed on her son4 ',but ,i have  
no son1      monsieur1' replied the     
duchess quietly4 ',ah6 you have no son2 
,i      am very sorry for that2' and so 
saying his reverence put his            
harangue in his pocket1 and walked off4 
,adieu1 my worthy friend4 ,we shall     
reach ,bordeaux on ,thursday4      ,i   
intend to feed well when ,i get there4  
,what an edifying picture of the state  
of the high and low clergy of ,france at
 this epoch is presented to us6 ,the    
,abbe de ,voisenon rolling along in his 
carriage1 indulging in the anticipatory 

delights of some good 'feeds' when he   
shall get to ,bordeaux2 and a hungry    
priest haranguing right and left the    
first comers who may present themselves1
 in order to obtain the wherewithal to  
procure a dinner4  ,it is to ,madame    
,favart that ,voisenon writes from      
,bordeaux3--       ,we arrived here at  
ten o'clock yesterday evening1 and found
      ,marshal de ,richelieu1 who had   
crossed the ,garonne to meet the        
,duchesse de ,choiseul4 ,this city is   
beautiful viewed at a      distance--all
 that appertains to the exterior is of  
the best2      but what afflicts me most
 of all1 is the sad fact that there     
are no sardines to be had on account of 
the war4 ,i was not      aware that the 
sardines had taken part against2        
however1 ,i      revenged myself upon   
two ortolans1 which ,i devoured for     
supper1      along with a pate of red   
partridges aux truffes1 which1          
though made as long back as ,november   
last--as ,marshal de      ,richelieu    

assured me--was as fresh and as parfume 
as if it      had been made but the     
night before4  ,if the reader should    
feel astonished that an asthmatical     
patient could eat partridges and        
truffles without being horribly ill1 his
 astonishment will not be of long       
continuance4 ,the following day         
,voisenon wrote to ,favart3--       ,oh1
 my dear friend1 ,i have passed a       
frightful night4 ,i was      obliged to 
smoke and take my kermes4 ,i shall not  
be able to      see any of the 'lions'  
of the place4 ,if ,i am three days      
following in this state after ,i get to 
,cauterets1 you will have      me back  
again with you by the end of the month4 
,one would suppose that after this      
gentle hint our abbe would be more      
prudent2 not a bit of it4 ,in the same  
letter he adds3--       ,the            
dinner-table yesterday was covered with 
sardines4 ,at the      very first start 
,i eat six in as many mouthfuls--a truly
      delicious morceau2 despite my     

kermes1 ,i reckon upon eating      as   
many to-day1 along with my two ortolans4
 ,we leave to-morrow1      and on       
,wednesday we shall reach ,cauterets4   
,thus1 ill on the #aath in consequence  
of a monstrous supper taken on the      
#ajth1 we find him1 for all that1 on the
 following day devouring sardines by the
 half-dozen1 and ortolans again6 ,on the
 #ahth he writes from ,cauterets to his 
friend ,favart3--       ,i arrived      
yesterday in good health1 but have slept
 badly1      because the house in which 
,i lodge is situated over a torrent1    
which makes a frightful noise4 ,this    
country ,i can only compare      to an  
icy horror1 like the tragedy of ,teree4 
,twelve days afterwards1 ,voisenon      
writes to ,madame ,favart3--            
,madame de ,choiseul's uncle1 who paid  
you so many compliments      in the     
green-room1 arrived yesterday3 he lodges
 in the same      house with me4444 ,i  
introduced him this morning into one of 
the      best houses in                 

,cauterets--indeed the very best        
house--where1 ,i      must confess1 ,i  
myself spend three parts of the entire  
day2 in      a word1 it is the          
pastry-cook's4 ,this learned individual 
compounds admirable tartlets1 as well as
 some little cakes of      singular     
lightness2 but above all1 certain       
delicious little      puffs composed of 
cream and millet-flour1 which he calls  
millassons4 ,i stuff them all day long4 
,this makes the waters      turn sour on
 my stomach1 and myself turn very       
yellow2 but ,i am      tolerably well   
notwithstanding4  ,this gormandizing    
,abbe de ,voisenon1 ever hanging1 as it 
were1 between pates and his grave1      
becomes now a rather interesting subject
 of study4 ,we begin to speculate upon  
what it is that will finally carry him  
off3 his asthma1 or the confectionary he
 daily swallows4  ,he writes to         
,favart3--       ,i bathe every morning1
 and during this operation ,i bear a    
striking resemblance to a match dipped  

in sulphur4 ,i keep my      health1     
however1 tolerably well1 though still   
suffering from my      asthma1 of which 
,i fear ,i shall never be cured4  ,it   
would be a wonder if he should be cured1
 with his unfortunate table excesses1   
which would have killed half-a-dozen    
healthy men4 ,in vain do we seek in his 
correspondence with ,favart and his     
wife1 a single thought unconnected with 
the pleasures of the stomach4 ,we have  
read with what delight he sings the     
praises of a pastry-cook established at 
,cauterets1 famous for his millet-cakes 
and cream-puffs4 ,his happiness did not 
stop here3--  ,a second pastry-cook 7he 
cries71 upon my reputation1 has set up  
here4 ,there is a daily trial of skill  
between the two artists2 ,i eat and     
judge1 and it is my stomach that pays   
the cost4 ,i go to the bath1 and return 
to the oven4 ,i shall come here again in
 the thrush season4 ,we have red        
partridges1 which are brought here from 
all parts2 they are delicious4  ,in     

short1 he remained so long stuffing     
confectionary at ,cauterets1 where he   
had gone solely to take care of himself1
 and to live with the strictest         
regularity1 that on the eve of his      
departure he wrote sadly to ,madame     
,favart3--',i am just the same as when  
you saw me last3 sometimes asthmatical1 
and always gormandizing4' ,the          
sufferings which he experienced during  
his sojourn at1 ,bareges1 previous to   
his final return to ,paris1 are proofs  
of the deplorable effects of the mineral
 waters upon his health3--       ,i am  
suffering dreadfully2 and am now1 while 
,i write1 laboring      under so violent
 an attack of asthma1 that ,i cannot    
doubt but      that the air of this     
country is as bad for me as that of     
,montrouge4 ,if ,i am as bad to-morrow1 
,i shall return to pass the      week at
 ,cauterets1 and on ,saturday go on to  
,pau1 where ,i shall      wait for the  
ladies who are to pass through on       
,monday1 on their      way to ,bayonne4 

,i know ,i shall be in a miserable state
 during      the journey4  ,such were   
the benefits derived by the ,abbe de    
,voisenon from his four months' sojourn 
at the baths of ,cauterets and ,bareges4
 ,he returned to ,voisenon infinitely   
worse than when he left it4 ,on the eve 
of his departure for home1 where1 as he 
said some time afterwards1 he wished to 
be on the same floor with the tombs of  
his ancestors1 he devoured a monstrous  
dinner on the ,bareges mountains4       
,finding that the mineral waters of the 
,pyrenees had failed in reestablishing  
his health--that is1 if he ever had     
health--the ,abbe de ,voisenon abandoned
 physicians and their fruitless         
prescriptions1 to seek elsewhere        
remedies for the cure of his asthma1    
which became more and more troublesome  
as he began to get into years4 ,as he   
was constantly speaking of his disease  
to everybody1 and as everybody--at least
 all those who wished to get into his   
good graces--spoke of it to him1 he     

learned one day that there existed in   
some garret of ,paris a certain abbe    
deeply learned in all the mysteries of  
occult chemistry1 an adept of the great 
,albert1 the master of masters in       
empirical art4 ,like all sorcerers1 and 
all savants of the eighteenth century1  
this abbe was represented as being in a 
state of frightful misery and           
destitution4 ,he who possessed the      
secrets of plants and minerals1 of fire 
and light1 of the generation of beings1 
had not the wherewithal to procure      
himself a decent soutane1 nor even a    
morsel of bread4 ,though1 by the efforts
 of his magic1 he had reached a dizzy   
height on the paths of knowledge1 it    
was1 alas6 a fact but too true1 that he 
was unable to maintain himself more than
 a month in the same apartment--perhaps 
on account of his indifference to the   
interests of his landlords4 ,for all    
that he was a marvellous being1         
inventing specifics for the cure of all 
diseases1 and consequently of asthma    

among the rest4 ,it was even whispered1 
but secretly and mysteriously1 and with 
a sort of awe--for they were very       
superstitious1 though very atheistical1 
in the eighteenth century--that all     
these specifics were comprised in one   
remedy1 namely1 the celebrated ,,aurum  
,,potabile1 or fluid gold4 ,now every   
one knows1 or at least ought to know1   
that potable gold1 that is1 gold in a   
cold and fluid state1 like wine1        
triumphs over every malady to which the 
human frame is subject3 it is health    
itself1 perpetual youth1 and would be no
 less than immortality had not          
,paracelsus1 who1 they say1 also        
possessed the secret of potable gold1   
unfortunately died at the age of        
thirty-three1 or thirty-five3 thus      
establishing a fatal argument against   
its virtues in this respect4 ,but one   
thought now possessed ,voisenon--that of
 getting hold1 somehow or other1 of this
 magic abbe1 and of enticing him to his 
chateau2 but an insensate and monstrous 

desire was this--a desire almost        
impossible to be satisfied1 for it was  
stated that this ,prometheus repelled   
all advances4 ,persecuted by the        
faculty1 censured by the ecclesiastical 
tribunal1 maltreated by the police1 who 
would not suffer anything in the shape  
of gold-making1 he had1 in his savage   
misanthropy1 renounced all further      
thoughts of alleviating the pains of    
humanity at the cost of his repose and  
safety4 ,here was a terrible state of   
perplexity for our asthmatical abbe1    
who1 for all that1 did not lose courage1
 but set to work with all his might to  
discover the great physician4  ,but     
where1 or how1 was he to discover a     
sorcerer in ,paris8 ,to whom could he   
decently address himself8 ,to what      
professional class8 ,there are so many  
people in the world ready to ridicule   
even the most respectable things4 ,every
 time that ,voisenon elbowed at the     
,tuileries1 or in the ,palais ,royal1 an
 individual in a seedy cassock1 he      

fancied that he had discovered his man4 
,forthwith he would enter into          
conversation with him1 his heart        
fluttering with hope1 until the moment  
came which would convince him that he   
had been deceived4 ,though for the      
moment cast into despair1 he did not    
lose hope1 but would the next day       
recommence his voyages of discovery in  
search of potable gold4 ,one morning he 
had a sudden illumination3--,since the  
archbishop1 thought he1 has censured the
 conduct of the abbe ,i have been so    
long in search of1 the archbishop must  
know where he lodges4 ,just as if       
sorcerers had lodgings6 ,that very day  
he repaired to the archbishop's court4  
,if the reader wonders why our abbe did 
not give the clerks whom he interrogated
 the name of his mysterious priest1 the 
answer is easy3 it is simply because he 
did not know his name2 magicians seldom 
make themselves known but by their      
works4 ,this name1 however1 to his great
 and inexpressible joy1 he was soon to  

learn4 ,after some researches made in   
the register of the episcopal court1 the
 clerk informed him that this abbe 7a   
deplorable subject by all accounts7 was 
called ,boiviel1 and1 at the period when
 the acts of censure were passed upon   
him1 lodged in the ,rue de ,versailles1 
,faubourg ,saint ,marceau4 ,voisenon was
 there almost as soon as the words were 
out of the clerk's mouth4  ,voisenon    
knocked at every kennel of this         
deplorable street2 not even a bark      
replied to the name of the ,abbe        
,boiviel4 ,at length1 at a seventh floor
 above the mud1 an old woman1 who       
resided in a loft1 to which access was  
obtained by means of a rope-ladder1     
informed him that the ,abbe ,boiviel had
 quitted the apartment about six months 
before1 with the avowed intention of    
going to lodge at ,menilmontant2 she    
added1 that this delay gave fair grounds
 for supposing that he must necessarily 
have changed his quarters at least five 
or six times in the course of these six 

months4 ,disappointed1 but not          
discouraged1 ,voisenon descended from   
the dizzy height1 reflecting upon the   
sad distress to which a man might be    
reduced1 although possessing the secret 
of potable gold4  ,an almost incredible 
chance had so willed it1 that the ,abbe 
,boiviel had changed his abode but three
 times since his descent from the garret
 of the ,rue de ,versailles4 ,from      
,menilmontant he had removed to ,passy1 
and from ,passy to ,la ,chapelle1 where 
he now resided4  ,at length the two     
abbes met2 but to what delicate         
manoeuvres the seigneur of ,voisenon was
 obliged to have recourse in accosting  
his rugged comfrere1 who was at that    
moment engaged in eating his breakfast  
off a chair4 ,he had sense enough to put
 off as long as possible the true       
subject of his visit2 besides1 what     
cared he for delays8 ,he had found him  
at last1 he was face to face with the   
mysterious1 infallible physician1 the   
successor of the great ,albert4 ,boiviel

 was even more savage and morose than   
the ,abbe de ,voisenon had anticipated4 
,he spoke of offering his services to   
the ,missionary ,society in order to get
 appointed to preach the ,gospel in     
,japan1 although1 to tell the truth1 he 
did not believe over-much in            
,christianity4 ,and ,i do not believe in
 ,japan1 might have perhaps replied the 
,abbe de ,voisenon1 had he been in a    
joking humor3 but the fact is1 he was   
thunderstruck at the enunciation of such
 a project4 ,it was too provoking1 when 
he1 had at length found the ,abbe       
,boiviel1 to hear that the ,abbe        
,boiviel was going to immolate himself  
in ,japan4  ,inspired by circumstance1  
that tenth muse which is worth all the  
nine put together1 ,voisenon said to    
,boiviel1 that he was aware of all the  
persecutions which the clergy of ,paris 
had made him endure for causes which he 
did not desire to know2 he refrained    
also from entering on the subject of    
fluid gold4 ,touched by the exhibition  

of so much constancy in misfortune1 he  
had come1 he said1 to propose to the    
,abbe ,boiviel to inhabit his chateau of
 ,voisenon1 where1 in the calm and      
repose of a peaceful existence1 and with
 a mind freed from the harassing cares  
of the world1 he would have leisure to  
meditate and write2 that this proceeding
 of his1 though strange in appearance1  
was excusable1 and to be judged with an 
indulgent eye2 he1 the ,abbe de         
,voisenon1 was happy1 rich1 powerful    
even4 ,the ,abbe ,boiviel would be quite
 at home at the chateau de ,voisenon2   
his feelings of independence would not  
be outraged2 when he should be tired of 
sojourning there1 he might quit the     
chateau1 remain absent as long as it    
pleased him1 and return when it suited  
his fancy4 ,it is hardly necessary to   
say that the wild boar allowed itself to
 be muzzled2 that very evening a hired  
carriage conducted the chemist1 the     
sorcerer1 the magician ,boiviel1 to the 
,chateau de ,voisenon4 ,i shall have my 

potable gold at last1 thought the       
triumphant ,abbe1 radiant with hope and 
exultation4  ,installed at the chateau1 
the ,abbe ,boiviel conformed himself    
with a very good grace to the monachal  
existence led by its inmates4 ,the good 
regimen of the house tended also to     
considerably soften the former          
asperities of his demeanor2 he spoke no 
more of ,japan1 but neither did he speak
 of the potable gold1 although ,voisenon
 on several occasions endeavored to     
obtain from him an explanation on this  
essential point4 ,whenever our          
asthmatical abbe would lead the         
conversation towards subjects relating  
to chemistry or alchemy1 ,boiviel would 
either avoid a direct reply or else fall
 into a state of profound taciturnity3  
and yet all his debts had been paid1    
including the various outstanding       
accounts due to his numerous landlords1 
and his dinners at the ,croix de        
,lorraine--that memorable tavern1 where 
all the abbes who received fifteen sous 

for every mass said at ,st4 ,sulpice    
were accustomed to feed daily4 ,several 
cassocks had also been purchased for    
him1 several pairs of stockings1 and    
many shirts4  ,after a three months'    
residence at the chateau he had become  
fat1 fresh1 and rosy1 such as he had    
never before been at any previous epoch 
of his life4 ,emboldened by the         
friendship he had shown to his guest1   
,voisenon ventured one day to say to the
 ,abbe ,boiviel1 that1 skeptical and    
atheistical as they falsely imagined him
 to be in the world1 he possessed1      
nevertheless1 an absolute faith in      
alchemy2 he denied neither the          
philosopher's stone1 nor the universal  
panacea1 nor even the potable gold4 ,now
 did he1 or did he not1 believe in      
potable gold8 ,this was a home-thrust   
,boiviel could no longer recoil2 he did 
believe in it2 but according to his idea
 the audacious chemist committed a great
 sin in composing it3 it was1 so to     
speak1 as though attacking the decrees  

of creation to change into liquid what  
had been ordained a metal4 ,a sorcerer  
troubled with religious scruples        
appeared a strange spectacle to the     
,abbe de ,voisenon and one1 too1 that   
rather embarrassed him4 ,he did not1    
however1 entirely renounce his conquest 
of the potable gold2 he waited three    
months longer1 and during these three   
months fresh favors were lavished on    
,boiviel1 who habituated himself to     
these proceedings with praiseworthy     
resignation4  ,treated as a friend1     
called also by that title1 ,boiviel     
justified the ,abbe de ,voisenon in     
saying to him one day1 that he had no   
longer a hope in any remedy whatsoever1 
save the potable gold1 for the cure of  
his asthma4 ,without the specific1 as   
much above other remedies as the sun is 
above fire1 the only course left him was
 to die4 ,boiviel was moved1 his iron   
resolves were shaken1 and his qualms of 
conscience ceded to the voice of        
friendship4 ,he warned his friend1      

however1 that in order to compose a     
little fluid gold much solid gold would 
be required4 ,the first essay would cost
 ten thousand livres at the very least4 
,voisenon1 who would have given twenty  
thousand to be cured1 consented to the  
sacrifice1 thanking heartily his future 
liberator1 who1 on the following day1   
commenced the great work4 ,what sage    
deliberation did he bring to the task6  
and how slowly did the work proceed6    
,day followed day1 month followed month1
 but as yet no gold1 except that which  
the ,abbe de ,voisenon himself          
contributed in pieces of twenty-four    
livres each4 ,the day at length arrived 
in which1 the ten thousand livres being 
exhausted1 ,boiviel informed his patient
 that the fluid gold was in flasks1 and 
would be ready for use in a month4  ,it 
was during this month that the alchemist
 ,boiviel took leave of the ,abbe de    
,voisenon1 on the pretext of going to   
see his old father1 who resided in      
,flanders4 ,before two months were out  

he would return to the chateau1 in order
 to observe the beneficial effects of   
the liquified metal4 ,warmly embraced by
 his friend1 overwhelmed with presents1 
solicited to return as speedily as      
possible1 ,boiviel quitted the ,chateau 
de ,voisenon1 where he had lived for    
nearly a year1 and in what manner we    
have seen4  ,after the time allowed by  
,boiviel for the fluid gold to be fit   
for use had elapsed1 the ,abbe de       
,voisenon began his course of the       
medicine4 ,he emptied the first1 the    
second1 and the third flask1 awaiting   
the result with exemplary patience2 but 
an asthma is not to be cured in a week1 
especially an asthma of forty years'    
standing4  ,boiviel had not yet         
returned2 he had now been four months in
 ,flanders2 to these four months        
succeeded another four1 but no ,boiviel2
 the year revolved1 the flasks          
diminished1 but still no ,boiviel4  ,it 
is scarcely necessary to say that the   
,abbe ,boiviel never reappeared1 and    

that he was nothing better than a       
charlatan and a thief4 ,but the singular
 part of the matter is1 that the ,abbe  
de ,voisenon found his asthma           
considerably relieved after a course of 
the fluid gold composed by ,boiviel2 and
 his sole regret at the end of his days 
was1 not having foreseen the death1 or  
disappearance--a matter quite as        
disastrous--of his alchemist1 who could 
have furnished him with the means of    
compounding the elixir for himself as it
 might be wanted4  ,in order to show    
himself superior to the assaults of his 
enemy1 our ,abbe would often endeavor to
 persuade himself that he was every whit
 as active as he had formerly been2 more
 active even than he had been in his    
youth4 ,on these occasions he would jump
 up from his easy-chair1 where he had   
been sitting groaning under an attack of
 the asthma2 he would cast his pillows  
on one side1 his night-cap on the other1
 would pitch his slippers to the other  
end of the room1 and call loudly for his

 domestics4 ,in one of these deceitful  
triumphs of his will over his feeble    
constitution1 he rang one cold winter's 
morning for his valet de chambre4  ,my  
thick cloth trousers6 cried he1 my thick
 cloth trousers6  ,why1 ,monsieur       
l',abbe1 timidly objected his faithful  
servitor1 what can you be thinking of8  
you were very bad yesterday evening4    
,that's very probable2 ,i have nothing  
to do with what ,i was yesterday        
evening4 ,my thick cloth trousers1 ,i   
tell you--now1 my furred waistcoat6     
,come1 look sharp6  ,but1 ,monsieur     
l',abbe1 why quit your warm room1 your  
snug arm-chair8 ,you are so pale4       
,pale1 am ,i6 that's better than ever1  
for ,i have been as yellow as a quince  
all my life6 ,good1 ,i have my trousers 
and waistcoat2 fetch me my redingote6   
,your redingote6 that you only put on   
when you are going out8  ,and it is     
precisely because ,i am going out that  
,i ask for it4 ,you argue to-day like a 
true stage valet4 ,why should ,i not put

 on my redingote8 ,are you afraid of it 
becoming shabby8 ,do you wish to steal  
it from me while it is new8  ,i am      
afraid that you will increase your cough
 if you don't keep the house to-day4 ,it
 is very cold this morning4  ,very cold1
 is it1 eh8 so much the better4 ,i like 
cold weather4  ,it snows even very much1
 ,monsieur l',abbe4  ,in that case1 my  
large ,polish boots4  ,your large       
,polish boots6 ,and for what purpose8   
,not to write a poem in1 probably2 for  
if ,boileau very sensibly remarked1 that
 in order to write a good poem time and 
taste were necessary1 he did not add    
that boots were indispensable4 ,once for
 all1 ,i want my ,polish boots to go out
 shooting in4 ,is not that plain enough1
 ,monsieur ,mascarille8  ,cough         
shooting1 ,monsieur l',abbe8  ,maraud6  
wolf-shooting--in the wood4 ,come1      
quick1 my boots1 and no chattering4     
,here are your boots1 ,monsieur l',abbe4
 ,truly you have no thought for your    
health4  ,have you a design upon my     

boots1 also8 ,be so good1 most          
discursive valet1 as to fetch me my     
deer-skin gloves1 my hat1 and gun4  ,the
 ,abbe de ,voisenon was soon equipped   
with the aid of his valet1 who1 during  
the operation of dressing1 never ceased 
repeating to him3  ,it is fearfully cold
 this morning4 ,dogs have been found    
frozen to death in their kennels1 fish  
dead in the fish-ponds1 cattle dead in  
the stables1 birds dead on the trees1   
and even wolves dead in the forest4  ,my
 good friend1 replied the ,abbe de      
,voisenon1 you have said too much2 your 
story of the wolves prevents me         
believing the rest3 upon this ,i start4 
,now listen to me4 ,on my return from   
shooting ,i expect to find my poultices 
ready1 my asses-milk properly warmed1   
and my tisanes mixed2 give directions   
about all this in the kitchen4  ,yes1   
,monsieur l',abbe4 ,he'll never return1 
that's certain1 murmured the valet1 as  
he packed up his master in his          
great-coat1 and drew his fur cap well   

down over his ears4  ,followed by three 
of his dogs1 our abbe started on his    
shooting excursion4 ,at the very first  
step he took on leaving the court-yard1 
he fell2 but he was up in an instant1   
and brushed speedily along4 ,it must    
have been a strange spectacle to see    
this old man1 as black as a mute at a   
funeral1 with his black gloves1 black   
boots1 black coat1 all black in short1  
tripping gayly along over the snow with 
three dogs at his heels1 sometimes      
whistling and shouting aloud1 sometimes 
cracking his pocket-whip1 and           
occasionally pointing his fowling-piece 
in the direction of a flight of crows4  
,he had passed through the village of   
,voisenon1 and had just gained the open 
country1 when he was stopped at the     
entrance of a lane of small cottages by 
a young girl1 who1 the instant she      
perceived him1 cried out1  ,ah1         
monseigneur 7for many people styled him 
monseigneur71 it is surely ,providence  
that has sent you to us6  ,what is the  

matter8 inquired the abbe4  ,our        
grandfather is dying1 and he is         
unwilling to die without confession4    
,but ,i have nothing to do with that1 my
 child2 that is the priest's business4  
,but are you not a priest1 monseigneur8 
,almost1 replied our abbe1 rather taken 
aback by this home-thrust1 and in a very
 bad humor besides at the interruption1 
almost2 but address yourself in         
preference to the prior of the convent4 
,run to the chateau1 ring at the        
convent-gate2 ring loudly1 and reserve  
me for a better occasion4  ,monseigneur1
 repeated the girl1 our grandfather has 
not time to wait2 he is dying--you must 
come4  ,i tell you1 replied the abbe1   
confused within himself at his refusal1 
,i cannot go4 ,i am1 as you see1 out    
shooting3 the thing is utterly          
impossible4  ,with these words he sought
 to pursue his way2 but the young girl1 
who could not comprehend the bad        
arguments made use of by the abbe1 clung
 obstinately to his coat skirts1 and    

compelled him to turn round4 ,aroused by
 the noise of this altercation1 a few of
 the male population appeared on the    
thresholds of their doors1 others at    
their windows2 and as a village         
resembles a bundle of dry hay1 which a  
spark will set in a blaze1 the wives    
joined their husbands1 the children     
their mothers1 and soon the entire      
population flocked into the street to   
see what was the matter4  ,the ,abbe du 
,jard1 seigneur of ,voisenon1 king of   
the country1 felt deeply humiliated amid
 the crowd which surrounded him1 and    
which had already begun to murmur at    
this refusal1 as irreligious as it was  
inhuman4  ,but our poor abbe was not    
inhuman4 ,the fact was1 he had          
completely forgotten the formula used on
 such occasions2 and if the truth must  
be told1 as he was careless and         
indifferent in religious matters1 rather
 than hypocritical1 his conscience      
reproached him for going to absolve or  
condemn a fellow-creature when he       

inwardly felt how utterly unworthy he   
was himself of judging others at the    
tribunal of the confessional4           
,necessity1 however1 prevailed over his 
just scruples2 which scruples1 however1 
be it said1 could not be made use of as 
excuses to his vassals3 so1 with        
downcast eyes and his reversed          
fowling-piece under his arm1 he         
permitted himself to be led to the      
cottage where lay the old man1 who was  
unwilling to render his last sigh       
without having made the official avowal 
of his sins4  ,the villagers knelt in a 
circle before the door1 whilst the abbe 
seated himself by the side of the dying 
man1 in order the better to receive his 
confession4  ,since the unlucky moment  
in which the ,abbe de ,voisenon had been
 balked of his morning's sport1 he had  
lost--for he had at times his intervals 
of superstitious terror--the proud      
determination he had formed of not      
believing himself ill on that day4 ,but 
then1 what signs of evil augury had     

greeted him6 ,he had tripped and fallen 
on leaving home2 he had seen flocks of  
crows2 a weeping girl had dragged him to
 the bedside of a terrified sinner--even
 now they were repeating the prayers for
 the dying around him4 ,the ,abbe de    
,voisenon was overcome2 his former      
temerity oozed palpably away1 he felt   
sick at heart1 his ears tingled1 his    
asthma groaned within his chest4  ,i am 
ill1 thought he4 ,i was in the wrong to 
come out2 why did ,i not take my old    
servant's advice1 and remain at home8   
,finally he lent an ear to the old man's
 confession4  ,you were born the same   
day as myself6 exclaimed the abbe1 at   
the patient's first confidential        
communication2 you were born the same   
day as myself6  ,the old man continued1 
and here a new terror arose for our     
abbe4  ,you have never heard mass to the
 end6 ,and ,i1 thought he1 have never   
heard even the beginning for these last 
thirty years6  ,the penitent            
continued3--  ,i have committed1        

monseigneur1 the great sin that you     
know4  ,the great sin that ,i know6 ,i  
know so many1 thought the abbe4 ,what   
sin1 my friend8  ,yea1 the great        
sin--although married--  ,ah6 ,i        
understand6 ,then1 sotto voce1 ,my great
 sin1 although a priest4  ,a deplorable 
fatality1 if it was a fatality1 had so  
willed it that the vassal should have   
fallen into the same snares as had his  
lord1 who was now called to judge him at
 his last hour4  ,when the confession   
was ended1 the ,abbe de ,voisenon       
consulted his own heart with inward     
terror1 and after some hesitation he    
remitted his penitent's sins1 inwardly  
avowing to himself that the dying man   
ought1 at least1 out of gratitude1 to   
render him the same service4  ,the      
ceremony over1 the abbe rose to depart3 
but his limbs failed him1 and they were 
actually obliged to carry him home1     
where he arrived in a state of          
prostration that seriously alarmed his  
household4 ,during the remainder of that

 day he spoke to no one2 wrapped up in  
the silence of his own melancholy       
thoughts1 he opened his lips only to    
cough4 ,the night was bad2 icy          
shiverings passed over his frame3 the   
image of this man1 of the same age1 and 
burdened with the same sins as he       
himself had committed1 would not leave  
his memory4 ,by daylight his trouble of 
mind and body was at its height2 he     
desired his valet to summon his         
physician and the prior of the convent4 
,and immediately1 added he1 immediately4
  ,comprehending better this time the   
wishes of his master1 the domestic      
hastened to arouse the prior1 whose     
convent almost adjoined the chateau1 and
 the physician1 who had apartments in   
the chateau itself4 ,this physician was 
a young man1 chosen by the celebrated   
,tronchin from among his cleverest      
pupils at the express desire of the     
,abbe de ,voisenon4  ,seriously alarmed 
at the danger of the abbe1 both prior   
and physician hastened to obey the      

summons4 ,m4 de ,voisenon was so ill    
last night4 ,should they arrive in time8
 ,so equal and so prompt was their zeal 
that both reached the abbe's bedroom    
door together4 ,but when they opened it1
 what was their astonishment to find    
that the bird had flown2 our abbe had   
got over his little fright1 and had gone
 out shooting again4  ,the end of that  
fatal eighteenth century was now        
approaching2 undermined by years and    
debauchery1 it was now like a ruined    
spend-thrift moving away from the       
calendar of the world in rags2 it was   
hideously old1 but its years inspired   
not respect4 ,old king1 old ministers1  
old generals--if indeed there were      
generals1--old courtiers1 old           
mistresses1 old poets1 old musicians1   
old opera dancers1 broken down with     
ennui1 pleasure1 and                    
idleness--toothless1 faded1 rouged1 and 
wrinkled--were descending slowly to the 
tomb4 ,louis ,,xv4 formed one of the    
funeral procession2 he was taken to ,st4

 ,denis between two lines of cabarets   
filled with drunken revellers1 madly    
rejoicing at being rid of this plague1  
which another plague had carried off to 
the grave4 ,crebillon was dead2 the son 
of the great ,racine1 honored by the    
famous title of ,member of the ,academy 
of ,inscriptions and ,belles ,lettres1  
was taken off by a malignant fever1 and 
obtained from the grateful publicity of 
the day the following necrological      
eulogium1 as brief as it was eloquent3  
,m4 ,racine1 last of the name1 died     
yesterday of a malignant fever2 as a man
 of letters he was long dead1 having    
become stupefied by wine and devotion4  
,twelve days afterwards ,marivaux       
followed ,racine to the grave4 ,the     
,abbe ,prevost died of a tenth attack of
 apoplexy in the forest of ,chantilly4  
,in the following spring the celebrated 
,madame de ,pompadour descended1 at the 
age of forty-four1 into the grave1 after
 having exhaled a bon mot in guise of   
confession4 ,desirous1 as it would      

appear1 of leaving this world like the  
rest of his worthy comperes1 the        
composer ,rameau cried furiously to his 
confessor1 whose lugubrious note while  
intoning the service at his bedside     
offended the delicacy of his ear1 ',what
 the devil are you muttering there1     
,monsieur le ,cure8 you are horribly out
 of tune6' ,and thereupon ,master       
,rameau expired of a putrid fever4 ,and 
what think you1 worthy reader1 occupied 
the public the day following the death  
of the most celebrated musician in      
,europe1 the king of the ,french school8
 ,why1 nothing less than this wonderful 
piece of news3 ,mademoiselle ,mire1 of  
the ,opera1 more celebrated as a        
courtesan than as a danseuse1 has       
interred her lover2 on his tomb are     
engraven these words3      ,,mi ,,re    
,,la ,,mi ,,la4  ,a touching funeral    
oration1 truly1 for poor ,rameau6       
,panard1 the father of the ,french      
vaudeville1 died some days after        
,rameau2 and the ,parisian public1 with 

its national tenderness of heart1 merely
 remarked1 that the words could not be  
separated from the accompaniment4  ,you 
see1 reader1 how the ranks were         
thinning1 how all these old candles were
 expiring in their sockets1 how the ball
 was approaching its end4  ,piron died  
yesterday1 writes a journalist2 and he  
adds1 ,they say he received the cure of 
,st4 ,roche very badly4 ,what an        
admirable piece of buffoonery6 these    
cures going in turn to shrive the       
writers of the eighteenth century1 and  
having flung at their heads epigrams    
composed for the occasion1 perhaps1 ten 
years before4  ,louis ,,xv4 died soon   
after ,piron4 ,a few hours before his   
death he said to ,cardinal de la        
,roche-,aymon3 ,although the king is    
answerable to ,god alone for his        
conduct1 you can say that he is sorry   
for having caused any scandal to his    
subjects1 and that from henceforth he   
desires to live but for the support of  
faith and religion1 and for the         

happiness of his people6  ,like ,rameau1
 ,piron1 ,helvetius1 and ,pompadour1    
this good little king ,louis ,,xv4 must 
have his bon mot2 he was sorry for      
having caused any scandal to his        
subjects1 and at his last moment of     
existence would live from henceforth for
 the sole happiness of his people6 ,can 
any thing be finer than this8  ,finally 
came the ,abbe de ,voisenon's turn4     
,witty to his last hour1 when they      
brought home the leaden coffin1 the     
exact form and dimensions of which he   
had himself arranged and ordered        
beforehand1 he said to one of his       
domestics1--  ,there is a great-coat1   
any how1 that you will not be tempted to
 steal from me4  ,he died on the #bb;d  
of ,november1 #agge1 aged sixty-eight4  
,,footnotes3  ,q ,this was the          
celebrated society called the ,academie 
de ces ,messieurs3 it numbered among its
 members all the more celebrated wits of
 the day4     ,,ireland ,,in ,,the      
,,last ,,age4  ,recollections of        

,curran4  ,from the ,london ,times   ,if
 the work of ,mr4 ,charles ,phillips    
were a description of the ,roman bar in 
the time of ,hadrian1 it would scarcely 
be more completely than at present the  
picture of a time and system entirely   
passed away2 yet he professes to give   
us--and performs his promise--a somewhat
 gossipping and very amusing description
 of the ,irish bar1 and the great men   
belonging to it1 very little more than  
half a century since4 ,but we travel and
 change quickly in these days of steam  
and railroads2 even ,time himself       
appears now to have attached his        
travelling carriage to a locomotive1 and
 in the space of one man's life performs
 a journey that in staid and ancient    
days would have occupied the years of   
many generations1 and1 as if in         
illustration of the fleeting nature of  
men and things and systems at this time1
 here we find a contemporary 7at this   
moment hardly past the prime of life7   
giving us portraits1 and relating       

anecdotes of men with whom he1 in his   
youth1 lived in intimate and            
professional relations1 but who seem now
 as absolutely to belong to a bygone    
order of things1 as if they had wrangled
 before the ,dikasts of ,athens1 or     
pleaded before the ,praetor at ,rome4   
,mr4 ,phillips seems to feel this1 and1 
as the gay days of his sanguine youth   
flit by his memory1 the retrospect      
brings1 as it will ever bring1          
melancholy1 and even sadness1 with it4  
,yielding himself up to the dominion of 
feeling1 in place of keeping his reason 
predominant1 he mourns over the past1 as
 if1 in comparison with the present1 it 
were greatly more worthy4 ,forgetting   
that there is a change also in himself2 
that the capacity for enjoyment is      
largely diminished2 that hope has been  
fulfilled1 or is for ever frustrate2 he 
tests the present by his own emotions1  
instead of weighing with philosophic    
indifference the relative merits of the 
system that he describes1 and of that in

 which he lives4 ,we are told--         
',tis distance lends enchantment to the 
view2  but1 when age comes upon us1 we  
must turn and look back1 if we desire to
 enjoy this pleasing hallucination4     
,but in what is the present of ,ireland 
so different from the past1 in which our
 fathers lived8 ,and what do these      
repinings mean8 ,what is the charm that 
has for ever faded8 ,the answer to this 
question1 if complete1 would occupy a   
volume1 for the composition of which    
that of ,mr4 ,phillips might well serve 
in the character of une piece           
historique1 abounding1 as it does1 in   
apt and instructive illustration1 and   
giving1 by its aggregation of anecdotes 
and descriptions1 a somewhat confused   
but still interesting and lively picture
 of a very curious and stirring period4 
,there lies1 indeed1 at the bottom of   
this inquiry a question with which the  
practical statesman has now little      
reason to trouble himself1 but which1   
nevertheless1 to the speculative        

philosopher1 cannot fail to be a subject
 of never-failing interest4  ,the great 
physical discoveries of modern times1 by
 which the powers of nature are made to 
act in subservience to the use and      
comfort of mankind1 steadily tend to one
 great political result1 viz41 the      
permanently uniting and knitting        
together of much larger numbers of men  
into one and the same community1 and    
subjecting them to one and the same     
,government1 and that ,government one of
 law and not of force1 than was ever    
known or possible during the early days 
of man's history4 ,this result1 as      
regards the peace of the world and all  
the material comforts of life1 is highly
 favorable4 ,whether the same can be    
said1 of the mental vigor and moral     
excellence of the human race is a       
question upon which men may speculate1  
but which time alone can satisfactorily 
answer4  ,the small1 contentious1 and   
active communities of ,greece2 the      
little1 ill-governed1 yet vigorous      

,republics of modern ,italy1 stand out  
in the history of mankind bright and    
illustrious beyond all hope of          
comparison2 and1 from the wondrous      
intellects that appeared among them1    
they have proved to all succeeding times
 a never-failing subject of admiration1 
envy1 and despair4 ,just in proportion  
to our own advancement in art1          
literature1 and science1 is the         
intensity of our astonishment1 of our   
envy1 and of our despondency4 ,we       
endeavor to compete with1 but can never 
equal them2 we imitate1 but1 like all   
imitators1 we are condemned to          
mediocrity2 it is only when we attempt  
to explore some new and untrod region of
 art or science that we can pretend to  
the dignity even of comparison4 ,and    
these regions are rare indeed4  ,but1 if
 we compare our own social condition    
with that of the ,greeks or the         
,italians--if we look into their houses1
 their cities1 and their fields1--if we 
acquire an accurate and vivid conception

 of the insecurity of life1 of property1
 and of peace among them1--and if we    
measure the happiness of life by the    
comforts of every day existence1 then1  
indeed1 the superiority belongs to      
ourselves2 and we may be led to ask1    
whether the advantages of both          
conditions of political and social      
existence may not be united2 and to that
 end seek to learn what it was that     
brought out into such vigorous relief   
the wonderful mental activity of the two
 periods1 which form such peculiar and  
hitherto unequalled epocha in the       
history of mankind4 ,we shall find1 if  
we pursue this inquiry into other times 
and among other people1 that there was  
one circumstance1 among many others     
indeed1 of peculiar weight and          
importance1 which then exercised and has
 never failed to exercise1 wheresoever  
it has existed1 a vast influence upon   
the mental and moral character of the   
people--we mean a feeling of intense    
nationality4 ,this feeling is not all   

that is required2 without it no great   
originality or vigor in a people is     
probable1 and where it has been strongly
 manifest1 it has generally led to great
 deeds1 and much mental activity4 ,the  
character of this manifestation will1   
indeed1 greatly depend upon the natural 
character of the people--upon the       
peculiar state of their civilization1   
and upon their political condition4 ,if 
these be all favorable1 the spirit of   
nationality is divine1 and manifest in  
great and ennobling deeds and thoughts2 
but1 if adverse1 then the spirit will be
 destructive1 and vice will be quickened
 into fatal activity4  ,in ,ireland1 at 
the end of the eighteenth century1 a    
remarkable series of events cherished1  
if it did not indeed produce1 this      
sentiment of a separate nationality and 
independence4 ,conquerors and conquered1
 in spite of social and religious       
distinctions1 had long since coalesced  
into one people2 and the successful     
revolt of our ,american colonies1       

induced the people of ,ireland to demand
 for themselves freedom and independence
 also4 ,with arms in their hands the    
,volunteers wrung from ,england an      
independent ,parliament in #aghb2 and in
 the eighteen years which followed1 all 
that is really great in the history of  
,ireland1 is comprised4 ,the            
,volunteers1 indeed1 obtained           
independence1 but that was all4 ,the    
constitution of the ,irish was1 as      
before1 narrow and mischievous1         
oppressive and corrupt2 but it was      
,irish1 and independent of the          
,parliament of ,england4 ,and the       
struggles of an independent people1     
endeavoring1 by their own efforts1 to   
reform their own institutions1 led to   
the rising of that brilliant galaxy of  
statesmen1 orators1 wits1 and lawyers1  
to which ,irishmen of the present day1  
almost without exception1 refer with    
grief and despondency1 not unmixed with 
indignation1 when wishing to make the   
world appreciate the evils their country

 has suffered in consequence of its     
union with ,england4 ,but1 unhappily1   
the great spirit of freedom was awakened
 in evil times4 ,great1 vigorous1 and   
almost glorious was this wonderful      
manifestation of its power2 but         
eventually the horrible corruption and  
vice of the period bore all before it1  
and extinguished every chance of benefit
 from the acquisition of independence4  
,great men appeared1 but they were      
powerless4 ,of the remarkable period in 
which they lived1 however1 every        
memorial is of interest4 ,with the      
society of which they formed a part1 so 
different from our own--with the        
character and manners of the men        
themselves1 their history1 their good   
sayings and wild deeds1 every student of
 history wishes to become acquainted1   
and seizes with avidity upon every piece
 of evidence from which authentic       
information respecting them may be      
gathered--and1 as a portion of this     
evidence1 the work of ,mr4 ,phillips    

deserves consideration4  ,among the most
 remarkable of the many distinguished   
characters of this stirring period was  
,john ,philpot ,curran1--among ,irish   
advocates1 as was ,erskine among those  
of ,england1 facile princeps4 ,with him1
 when on the bench as ,master of the    
,rolls in ,ireland1 ,mr4 ,phillips1     
himself then a junior at the ,irish bar1
 became acquainted4 ,acquaintance became
 intimacy1 and intimacy led to          
friendship1 which lasted without        
interruption to the day of ,curran's    
death4 ,admiration and affection induced
 ,mr4 ,phillips to gather together      
memorials of his deceased friend1 round 
whose portrait he has grouped sketches  
of many of his celebrated cotemporaries4
 ,he says in his preface--  ,my object  
has been1 touching as lightly as        
possible on the politics of the time1 to
 give merely personal sketches of the   
characters as they appeared upon the    
scene to me4 ,many of them were my      
acquaintances--some of them my          

intimates2 and the aim throughout has   
been a verisimilitude in the            
portraiture2--in short1 to make the     
reader as familiar with the originals as
 ,i was myself4  ,and a more curious    
collection of likenesses was never      
crowded into one canvas4 ,they all1     
indeed1 have a strong family            
resemblance1 but certainly they are like
 nothing else in nature2 and to us1     
living in grave1 and possibly dull and  
prosaic ,england--and in this our matter
 of fact and decorous age--the doings of
 the society which they have made       
illustrious1 appear more like a mad     
saturnalia than the sober and           
commonplace procedure of rational men4  
,the whole people--every class1         
profession1 and degree--seemed to       
consider life but a species of delirious
 dance1 and a wild and frantic          
excitement the one sole pleasure4       
,repose1 thoughtfulness1 and calm1 they 
must have considered a premature death4 
,every emotion was sought for in its    

extreme1 and a rapid variation from     
merriment to misery1 from impassioned   
love to violent hate1 was the ordinary  
7if in such an existence any thing could
 be deemed ordinary7--the common and    
ordinary condition of life4 ,laughter1  
that was ever on the brink of tears--a  
wild joy1 that might in an instant be   
followed by hopeless                    
despondency--alternations from sanguine 
and eager hope to blank and apparently  
crushing despair1--such was ,irish life1
 in which every one appeared to be      
acting a part1 and striving to appear   
original by means of a strained and     
laborious affectation4 ,steady1         
continued1 and rational industry1 was   
either unknown or despised2 economy was 
looked upon as meanness--thrift was     
called avarice--and the paying a just   
debt1 except upon compulsion1 was deemed
 conduct wholly unworthy of a gentleman4
 ,take the account ,mr4 ,phillips       
himself gives4 ,he speaks of the ,irish 
squire2 but the ,irish squire was the   

raw material out of which so-called     
,irish gentlemen were made4 ,the ,irish 
squire of half a century ago scorned not
 to be in debt2 it would be beneath his 
dignity to live within his income2 and  
next to not incurring a debt1 the       
greatest degradation would have been    
voluntarily to pay one4 ,and yet was    
there great pretension to honor1 but a  
man of honor of those days would in our 
time be considered a ruffian certainly1 
and probably a blackleg or a swindler4  
,it was a favorite boast of his 7the    
first ,lord ,norbury7 that he began life
 with fifty pounds1 and a pair of       
hair-trigger pistols4 ,they served his  
purpose well4444 ,the luck of the       
hair-triggers triumphed1 and ,toler not 
only became ,chief ,justice1 but the    
founder of two peerages1 and the        
testator of an enormous fortune4 ,after 
his promotion1 the code of honor became1
 as it were1 engrafted on that of the   
,common ,pleas2 the noble chief not     
unfrequently announcing that he         

considered himself a judge only while he
 wore his robes4 ,the sort of law       
dispensed by this fire-eating judge     
might be easily conceived even without  
the aid of such an anecdote as the      
following3 ,a nonsuit was never heard of
 in his time4 ,ill-natured people said  
it was to draw suitors to his court4    
,toler's reason for it was that he was  
too constitutional to interfere with a  
jury1 ,be that as it may1 a nonsuit was 
a nonentity1 ',i hope1 my ,lord1' said  
counsel in a case actually commanding   
one1 'your ,lordship will1 for once1    
have the courage to nonsuit8 ,in a      
moment the hair-triggers were uppermost4
 ',courage6 ,i tell you what1 ,mr4      
,wallace1 there are two sorts of        
courage--courage to shoot1 and courage  
to nonshoot--and ,i have both2 but      
nonshoot now ,i certainly will not2 and 
argument is only a waste of time4' ,i   
remember well1 says ,mr4 ,phillips1 when
 speaking of another judge1 ,mr4        
,justice ,fletcher1 at the ,sligo summer

 assizes for #ahab1 being counsel in the
 case of ',the ,king v4 ,fenton1' for   
the murder of ,major ,hillas in a duel1 
when old ,judge ,fletcher thus capped   
his summing up to the jury3 ',gentlemen1
 it's my business to lay down the law to
 you1 and ,i will4 ,the law says1 the   
killing a man in a duel is murder1 and  
,i am bound to tell you it is murder2   
therefore1 in the discharge of my duty1 
,i tell you so2 but ,i tell you at the  
same time1 a fairer duel than this ,i   
never heard of in the whole coorse of my
 life4' ,it is scarcely necessary to add
 that there was an immediate acquittal4 
,by way of giving some idea of the      
character of society then1 the following
 enumeration is supplied by the memory  
of ,mr4 ,phillips3--       ,lord ,clare1
 afterwards ,lord ,chancellor1 fought   
,curran1      afterwards ,master of the 
,rolls4 ,so much for equity2 but common 
law also sustained its reputation4      
,clonmel1 afterwards ,chief             
,justice1 fought two ,lords and two     

,commoners1--to show his                
impartiality1 no doubt4 ,medge1         
afterwards ,baron1 fought his own       
brother-in-law1 and two others4 ,toler1 
afterwards ,chief ,justice      of the  
,common ,pleas1 fought three persons1   
one of whom was      ,fitzgerald1 even  
in ,ireland the 'fire-eater1' par       
excellence4      ,patterson1 also       
afterwards ,chief ,justice of the same  
court1      fought three country        
gentlemen1 one of them with guns1       
another      with swords1 and wounded   
them all6 ,corry1 ,chancellor of the    
,exchequer1 fought ,mr4 ,grattan4 ,the  
,provost of ,dublin      ,university1 a 
,privy ,councillor1 fought ,mr4 ,doyle1 
a ,master in      ,chancery1 and several
 others4 ,his brother1 collector of     
,customs1 fought ,lord ,mountmorris4    
,harry ,deane ,grady1 counsel to        
the ,revenue1 fought several duels2 and 
'all hits1' adds      ,barrington1 with 
unction4 ,curran fought four persons1   
one of      whom was ,egan1 ,chairman of

 ,kilmainham2 afterwards his friend1    
with ,lord ,buckinghamshire4 ,a duel in 
these days was often a      prelude to  
intimacy4  ,in spite1 nevertheless1 of  
this rude1 nay1 almost wild condition of
 society1--in spite of a most fantastic 
affectation attending nearly every act  
and thought and word1--yet were ,curran 
and his cotemporaries men of great and  
vigorous ability4 ,grattan1 ,curran1 and
 ,flood1 deserve indeed to take rank    
among the foremost class of their own   
age1--among the men of genius of every  
age and country4 ,if we speak of them as
 orators1 and wish to judge of their    
excellence with relation to the great   
orators of our own country1 we must bear
 in mind the character of the society in
 which they lived1 and of the assemblies
 they addressed4 ,it would be unjust to 
try them by the rules of our fastidious 
taste and undemonstrative manners4 ,they
 addressed ,irishmen1 and ,irishmen just
 when most excited1 and indulging in all
 the wild sallies of a dearly-prized and

 lately acquired independence4 ,what to 
us would appear offensive rant and      
disgusting affectation1 would1 in the   
,irish ,house of ,commons1 have been but
 the usual manifestation of strong      
feeling1 and was absolutely required1 if
 the speaker desired to move as well as 
convince his auditory4  ,if1 however1 we
 seek to know what was the virtue of    
these men1 more especially that of      
,curran1 we must probe to the bottom the
 corruptions and baseness of that       
society1 which deserves to be branded as
 among the most base and the most       
corrupt that history has hitherto       
described4 ,the temptations which       
,england employed1 the horrible         
corruption and profligacy she fostered1 
must be fully known1 if we desire to do 
justice to the men who came out         
undefiled from that filthy ordeal4      
,,the ,,lost ,,letter4  ,from ,chambers'
 ,papers for the ,people4   ,i4  ,one   
night1 between twenty and thirty years  
ago1 a party were assembled in the      

drawing-rooms of a house situated in one
 of the most spacious squares of the    
great metropolis4 ,the brightly lighted 
lamps lent an additional lustre to yet  
brighter eyes1 and the sprightly tones  
of various instruments accompanied the  
graceful evolutions of the dancers1 as  
they threaded the mazes of the          
country-dance1 cotillon1 or quadrille2  
for waltz1 polka1 and schottish1 were   
then unknown in our ball-rooms4 ,here   
and there sat a couple in a quiet       
corner1 evidently enjoying the pleasures
 of a flirtation1 while one pair1 more  
romantic or more serious than the       
others1 had strayed out upon the        
balcony1 to indulge more unrestrainedly 
in the conversation1 which1 to judge by 
their low and earnest tones1 and        
abstracted air1 seemed deeply           
interesting to both4  ,it was now long  
past the hour 'of night's black arch1   
the keystone1' and the early dawn of a  
midsummer morning was already bestowing 
its first calm sweet smile on the       

smoke-begrimed streets and world-worn   
thoroughfares of mighty ,london1 as well
 as on the dewy hay-fields1 shady lanes1
 green hedgerows1 and quiet country     
homes of rural ,england4 ,the morning   
star1 large1 mild1 and lustrous1 was    
declining in the clear sky2 and on the  
left of the lovely planet lay a soft    
purple cloud1 tinged on the edge with   
the lucid amber of the dawning day4 ,a  
light breeze just stirred the leaves of 
the trees in the square garden1 and     
fanned the warm cheeks of the two       
spectators1 as1 suddenly silent1 they   
stood feasting their eyes and hearts on 
the surpassingly beautiful scene before 
them1 and marvelling at the remarkable  
purity of the atmosphere1 which1 in the 
foggy metropolis of ,britain1 seemed    
almost to realize the ,venetian         
transparency of the pictures of         
,canaletti4 ,perhaps it may be as well  
to take advantage of the pause to       
describe the two lovers1 for that they  
were lovers you have of course already  

guessed4  ,a handsomer pair1 ,i am sure1
 you would never wish to see6 ,the      
well-knit1 well-proportioned figure of  
the gentleman bespoke at once activity  
and ease1 while the spirited1           
intelligent expression of his           
countenance--dark-complexioned as that  
of an ,andalusian--would have given     
interest to far plainer features4 ,the  
glance of his dark eye1 as it rested    
fondly on his fair companion1 or was    
turned abroad on the world1 told        
alternately of a loving heart and a     
proud spirit4 ,philip ,hayforth was one 
who would have scorned to commit an     
ignoble action1 or to stain his soul    
with the shadow of a falsehood for all  
the treasures and the blessings the     
earth has to bestow2 but he was quick to
 resent an injury1 and slow to forget   
it1 and not for all the world would he  
have been the first to sue for a        
reconciliation4 ,like many other proud  
people1 however1 he was open-hearted and
 generous1 and ready to forgive when    

forgiveness was asked2 the reason of    
which might be1 that a petition for     
pardon is1 to the spirit of a proud man1
 a sort of homage far more gratifying   
than the most skilful flattery1 since it
 establishes at once his own            
superiority4 ,but to his ,emily1 ,philip
 was all consideration and tenderness1  
and she1 poor girl1 with the simple     
faith of youth and love1 believed him to
 be perfection1 and admired even his    
pride4 ,a very lovely girl was ,emily   
,sherwood--gifted with a beauty of a    
rare and intellectual cast4 ,as she now 
stood leaning on the arm of her         
companion1 her tall yet pliant and      
graceful figure enveloped in the airy   
drapery of her white dress1 with her    
eyes turned in mute admiration towards  
the dawning day1 it would have required 
but a slight stretch of the imagination 
to have beheld in her a priestess of the
 sun1 awaiting in reverent adoration the
 appearance of her fire-god4 ,her       
complexion and features1 too1 would have

 helped to strengthen the fantasy1 for  
the one was singularly fair1 pale1 and  
transparent1 and the other characterized
 by delicacy1 refinement1 and a sort of 
earnest yet still enthusiasm4 ,her hair1
 of the softest and palest brown1 was   
arranged in simple yet massive plaits   
around her finely-shaped head1 and      
crowned with a wreath of 'starry        
jessamine4' ,from the absence of color1 
one might have imagined that her beauty 
would have been cold and statue-like2   
but you had only to glance at her soft1 
intellectual mouth1 or to look into her 
large1 clear1 hazel eyes1 which seemed  
to have borrowed their sweet1           
thoughtful1 chastened radiance from the 
star whose beams were now fast paling in
 the brightening sky1 to learn that     
,emily ,sherwood could both think and   
love4  ,dear ,philip1 she said at last1 
in that low tone which is the natural   
expression of all the finer and deeper  
emotions1 is it not beautiful8 ,i feel  
at this moment as if ,i were almost     

oppressed with happiness--as if this    
were but an intense dream of love and   
beauty1 that must1 as sentimental people
 say1 'be too bright to last4' ,i never 
felt as ,i do now in all my life before4
  ,nor ,i neither1 my ,emily1 my sweet  
little poetess2 but ,i suppose it is    
because we love1 for love intensifies   
all the feelings4  ,all the best        
feelings4  ,the whole nature1 ,i think4 
,it is1 for instance1 more difficult to 
bear a slight from those we love than   
from a comparatively indifferent person4
  ,a slight6 but there can be no such   
thing as a slight between those who love
 perfectly--as we do4 ,are we not all in
 all to each other8 ,is not our         
happiness indivisible8  ,it is my pride 
and joy to believe so1 my sweet ,emily4 
,i know in my own heart that the needle 
is not more true to the magnet than my  
thoughts and feelings are to you4 ,it   
shall be the chief care of my life to   
save you from all uneasiness2 but1      
,emily1 ,i expect the same devotion ,i  

give3 unkindness from you1 of all the   
world1 ,i could not and would not       
endure4  ,oh1 ,philip1 ,philip6 she     
said1 half tenderly1 half reproachfully1
 why should you say this8 ,i do not     
doubt you1 dear ,philip1 for ,i judge   
your love by my own4  ,he looked into   
the truthful and affectionate eyes which
 were raised so trustingly to his face1 
and replied1 in a voice tremulous with  
emotion1 ,forgive me1 ,emily4 ,i trust  
you entirely2 but ,i had started an     
idea1 the barest contemplation of which 
was insupportable--maddening1 because of
 the very excess of my affection4 ,in   
short1 ,emily1 ,i know--that is1 ,i     
suspect--your father looked for a higher
 match for you than ,i am4 ,report says 
that his prejudices are strong in favor 
of birth1 and that he is very proud of  
his ancient blood2 and the idea did     
cross me for a moment1 that when you    
were with him he might influence you to 
despise me4  ,my father is proud2 but1  
dear ,philip1 is nobody proud but he8   

,and notwithstanding his prejudices1 as 
you call them1 ,i can assure you1 you   
are not more honorable yourself in every
 act and thought than he is4 ,he has    
consented to our marriage1 and therefore
 you need not fear him1 even if you     
cannot trust me alone4  ,oh1 ,emily1    
pardon me6 ,and so you think me proud4  
,well1 perhaps ,i am2 and it is better  
that you should know it1 as you will    
bear with it1 ,i know1 for my sake1 my  
best1 my truest ,emily2 and ,i shall    
repay your goodness with the most       
fervent gratitude4 ,yes1 ,i feel with   
you that no cloud can ever come between 
us two4  ,emily ,sherwood was the eldest
 daughter of ,colonel ,sherwood1 a cadet
 of one of the proudest families in     
,england2 and which1 though it had never
 been adorned with a title1 looked down 
with something like contempt on the     
abundant growth of mushroom nobility    
which had sprung up around it1 long     
after it had already obtained the       
dignity which1 in the opinion of the    

,sherwoods1 generations alone could     
bestow4 ,colonel ,sherwood inherited all
 the pride of his race--nay1 in him it  
had been increased by poverty2 for      
poverty1 except in minds of the highest 
class--that rare class who estimate     
justly the true value of human life1 and
 the true nature of human dignity--is   
generally allied either with pride or   
meanness4 ,of course when ,i speak of   
poverty ,i mean comparative poverty--,i 
allude to those who are poorer than     
their station4 ,in a retired part of one
 of the eastern counties1 ,colonel      
,sherwood struggled upon his half-pay to
 support a wife and seven children1 and 
as far as possible to keep up the       
appearance he considered due to his     
birth and rank in society4 ,emily had   
been for two seasons the belle of the   
country balls2 and the admiration her   
beauty and manners had everywhere       
excited1 had created in the hearts of   
her parents a hope that she was destined
 to form an alliance calculated to shed 

a lustre on the fading glory of the     
,sherwoods4 ,but1 alas6 as ,burns       
sings--      ,the best laid schemes of  
mice and men        ,gang aft ajee4     
,during a visit to some relatives in    
,london1 ,emily became acquainted with  
,philip ,hayforth2 and his agreeable    
manners and person1 his intelligent     
conversation and devotion to herself1   
had quickly made an impression upon     
feelings which1 though susceptible1 were
 fastidious1 and therefore still        
untouched4 ,then1 too1 the romantic     
ardor with which his attachment was     
expressed1 the enthusiasm he manifested 
for whatever was great1 good1 or        
beautiful1 aroused in ,emily all the    
latent poetry of her nature4 ,naturally 
imaginative1 and full even of passionate
 tenderness1 but diffident and          
sensitive1 she had hitherto1 from an    
instinctive consciousness that they     
would be misunderstood or disapproved1  
studiously concealed her deeper         
feelings4 ,hence had been generated in  

her character a degree of thoughtfulness
 and reserve unusual in one of her      
years4 ,now1 however1 that she beheld   
the ideas and aspirations she had so    
long deemed singular1 perhaps           
reprehensible1 shadowed forth more      
powerfully and definitely by a mind more
 mature and a spirit more daring than   
her own1 her heart responded to its more
 vigorous counterpart2 and at the magic 
touch of sympathy1 the long pent-up     
waters flowed freely4 ,she loved1 was   
beloved1 and asked no more of destiny4  
,it was not1 it may be supposed1 without
 some reluctance that ,colonel ,sherwood
 consented to the demolition of the     
aerial castles of which his beautiful   
,emily had so long been the subject and 
the tenant1 and made up his mind to see 
her the wife of a man who1 though of    
respectable parentage1 could boast      
neither title nor pedigree1 and was only
 the junior partner in a mercantile     
firm4 ,but then young ,hayforth bore the
 most honorable character2 his prospects

 were said to be good1 and his manners  
unexceptionable2 and1 above all1 ,emily 
was evidently much attached to him2 and 
remembering the days of his own early   
love1 the father's heart of the         
aristocratic old colonel was fairly     
melted1 and he consented to receive the 
young merchant as his son-in-law4 ,the  
marriage1 however1 was not to take place
 till the spring of the following year4 
,meanwhile the lovers agreed to solace  
the period of their separation by long  
and frequent letters4 ,philip's last    
words to ,emily1 as he handed her into  
the postchaise in which she was to      
commence her homeward journey1 were1    
,now write to me very often1 my own     
dearest ,emily1 for ,i shall never be   
happy but when hearing from you or      
writing to you2 and if you are long     
answering my letters1 ,i shall be       
miserable1 and perhaps jealous4 ,she    
could only answer by a mute sign1 and   
the carriage drove away4 ,poor1 agitated
 ,emily1 half happy1 half sad1 leaned   

back in it1 and indulged in that        
feminine luxury--a hearty fit of tears4 
,as for ,philip1 he took a few turns in 
the park1 walking as if for a wager1 and
 feeling sensible of a sort of coldness 
and dreariness about every object which 
he had never remarked before4 ,then he  
suddenly recollected that he must go to 
the counting-house1 as he was very busy4
 ,he did not1 however1 make much        
progress with his business that day1 as 
somehow or other he fell into a reverie 
over every thing he attempted4  ,nothing
 could exceed the regularity of the     
lovers' correspondence for the first two
 or three months1 while their letters   
were written on the largest orthodox    
sheets to be had from the               
stationer's--post-office regulations in 
those days not admitting of the volumes 
of little notes now so much in vogue4   
,at last ,emily bethought herself of    
working a purse for ,philip1 in         
acknowledgment of a locket he had lately
 sent her from ,london4 ,generally      

speaking1 ,emily was not very fond of   
work2 but somehow or other no           
occupation1 not even the perusal of a   
favorite poem or novel1 had ever        
afforded her half the pleasure that she 
derived from the manufacture of this    
purse4 ,each stitch she netted1 each    
bead she strung1 was a new source of    
delight--for she was working for        
,philip4 ,love is the true magic of     
life1 effecting more strange            
metamorphoses than ever did the spells  
of ,archimago1 or the arts of           
,armida--the moral alchemy which can    
transmute the basest things into the    
most precious4 ,it is true of all       
circumstances1 as well as of personal   
qualities1 that      ,things base and   
vile1 holding no quantity1     ,love can
 transpose to form and dignity4  ,the   
purse was quickly finished1 and         
dispatched to ,philip1 together with a  
letter4 ,emily was in high spirits at   
the prospect of the answer4 ,she danced 
about the house1 singing snatches of    

songs and ballads1 and displaying an    
unusual amount of gayety2 for1 though   
generally cheerful1 she was of too      
thoughtful a disposition to be often    
merry4 ,philip1 she was sure1 would     
write by return of post4 ,how she wished
 the time were come6 ,she knew pretty   
well1 to be sure1 what he would say2 but
 what did that signify8 ,she longed to  
feast her eyes on the words his hand had
 traced1 and to fancy the tones and the 
looks which would have accompanied them 
had they been spoken instead of written4
 ,the expected day came at last1 but the
 post-bag contained no letter for       
,emily4 ,at first she could hardly      
believe it2 her countenance fell1 and   
for a few minutes she seemed much       
disappointed2 but never mind1 the letter
 would come to-morrow1 and she soon     
began to trip about and to sing almost  
as gayly as before4 ,but another day    
passed1 and another and another1 and    
still no letter6 ,poor ,emily's blithe  
voice was mute now1 and her light step  

rarely heard4 ,sometimes she tried to   
read1 or to play on the piano1 but      
without much success2 while her anxious 
looks1 and the tear which occasionally  
might be seen to glisten in her eye1    
betrayed the trouble within4 ,a whole   
week elapsed1 a longer period than had  
ever passed before without a letter from
 ,philip ,hayforth--a fortnight--a      
month--and the poor girl's appetite     
failed1 her nights were sleepless1 and  
her drooping figure and pining looks    
told of that anxious suffering1 that    
weary life-gnawing suspense1 which is   
ten times more hard to bear than any    
evil1 however great1 of which we can    
ascertain the nature and discern the    
limits4 ,could ,philip be ill8 ,could   
he--,no1 he could not be inconstant4    
,ought she to write to him again8 ,but  
to this question her parents answered   
,no4 ,it would be unfeminine1           
unladylike1 undignified4 ,if ,mr4       
,hayforth were ill1 he would doubtless  
write as soon as he was able2 and if he 

were well1 his conduct was inexcusable1 
and on ,emily's part rendered any       
advance impossible4 ,poor ,emily shrank 
from transgressing what her parents     
represented as the limits due to        
delicacy and decorum1 and she would have
 died rather than have been guilty of a 
real impropriety1 or have appeared      
unfeminine in the eyes of ,philip       
,hayforth2 and yet it did often suggest 
itself to her mind--rather1 however1 in 
the shape of an undefined feeling than  
of a conscious thought--that the        
shortest1 best1 most straight-forward   
way of proceeding1 was to write at once 
to ,mr4 ,hayforth1 and ask an           
explanation4 ,she could not herself see 
clearly how this could be wrong2 but she
 supposed it must be so1 and she        
acknowledged her own ignorance and      
inexperience4 ,emily was scarcely       
twenty2 just at the age when an         
inquiring and thoughtful mind can no    
longer rely with the unquestioning faith
 of childhood on assertions sanctioned  

merely by authority1 and when a         
diffident one is too timid to venture to
 trust to its own suggestions4 ,it is   
only after much experience1 or one of   
those bitter mistakes1 which are the    
great lessons of life1 that such a      
character learns that self-reliance1    
exercised with deliberation and         
humility1 is the only safeguard for     
individual rectitude4 ,emily1 therefore1
 did not write1 but lived on in the     
silent1 wasting agony of constant       
expectation and perpetual               
disappointment4 ,her mother1 in the hope
 of affording her some relief1 inquired 
in a letter she was writing to her      
relative in ,london1 if the latter had  
lately seen ,mr4 ,hayforth4 ,the answer 
was like a death-blow to poor ,emily4   
,her mother's correspondent had met ,mr4
 ,hayforth walking with a lady4 ,he had 
passed her with a very stiff bow1 and   
seemed inclined to avoid her4 ,he had   
not called for a long time4 ,she could  
not at all understand it4 ,colonel      

,sherwood could now no longer contain   
his indignation4 ,he forbade the mention
 of ,philip ,hayforth's name1 declaring 
that his ,emily was far too good and    
beautiful for the wife of a low-born    
tradesman1 and that he deserved the     
indignity now thrown upon his family for
 ever having thought of degrading it by 
the permission of such a union4 ,and his
 darling child would1 he knew1 bear up  
with the spirit of the ,sherwoods4 ,poor
 ,emily had1 it is to be feared1 little 
of the spirit of the ,sherwoods1 but she
 tried to bear up from perhaps as good a
 motive4 ,but it was a difficult task1  
for she was well-nigh broken-hearted4   
,she now never mentioned ,philip        
,hayforth1 and to all appearance her    
connection with him was as if it had    
never been2 but1 waking or sleeping1 he 
was ever present to her thoughts4 ,oh6  
was it indeed possible that she should  
never1 never see him again8 ,no1 it     
could not be2 he would seek her1 claim  
her yet1 her heart said2 but reason     

whispered that it was madness to think  
so1 and bade her at once make up her    
mind to her inevitable fate4 ,but this  
she could not do--not yet at all events4
 ,month after month of the long dreary  
winter dragged slowly on2 her kind      
parents tried to dissipate her          
melancholy by taking her to every       
amusement within reach1 and she went1   
partly from indifference as to what     
became of her1 partly out of gratitude  
for their kindness4 ,at last the days   
began to lengthen1 and the weather to   
brighten2 but spring flowers and sunny  
skies brought no corresponding bloom to 
the faded hopes and the joyless life of 
,emily ,sherwood4 ,the only hope she    
felt was the hope which keeps alive     
despair4  ,one ,may morning1 as she was 
listlessly looking over in a newspaper  
the list of marriages1 her eye fell upon
 a well-known name--the name of one who 
at that very time ought to have knelt at
 the altar with her4 ,she uttered       
neither scream nor cry1 but clasping her

 hands with one upward look of mute     
despair1 fell down in a dead faint4 ,for
 many days she was very ill1 and        
sometimes quite delirious2 but her      
mother tended her with the most         
assiduous affection1 while her comfort  
and recreation seemed her father's sole 
care4 ,they were repaid at last by her  
recovery1 and from that time forth she  
was less miserable4 ,in such a case as  
,emily's1 there is not only the shock to
 the affections1 but the terrible wrench
 of all the faculties to be overcome1   
which ensues on the divorce of the      
thoughts from those objects and that    
future to which they have so long been  
wedded4 ,there is not only the breaking 
heart to be healed1 but the whole mental
 current to be forcibly turned into a   
different channel from that which alone 
habit has made easy or pleasant4 ,the   
worst1 as it is called1 is1 however1    
easier to be endured than suspense2 and 
if ,emily's spirits did not regain their
 former elasticity1 she ere long became 

quite resigned1 and comparatively       
cheerful4  ,more than a year had elapsed
 since that bright spring morning on    
which she had beheld the irrefragable   
proof of her lover's perfidy1 when she  
received an offer of marriage from a    
gentleman1 of good family and large     
property4 ,he had been struck by her    
beauty at a party where he had seen her2
 and after a few meetings1 made formal  
proposals to her father almost ere she  
was aware that he admired her4 ,much    
averse to form a new engagement1 she    
would at once have declined receiving   
his addresses1 had her parents not      
earnestly pressed the match as one in   
every respect highly eligible4 ,overcome
 at last by their importunities1 and    
having1 as she thought1 no object in    
existence save to give pleasure to them1
 she yielded so far to their wishes as  
to consent to receive ,mr4 ,beauchamp as
 her future husband1 on condition that  
he should be made acquainted with the   
history of her previous engagement1 and 

the present state of her feelings4 ,she 
secretly hoped that when he learned that
 she had no heart to give with her hand1
 he would withdraw his suit4 ,but she   
was mistaken4 ,mr4 ,beauchamp1 it is    
true1 knew that there was such a word as
 heart1 had a notion that it was a term 
much in vogue with novel-writers1 and   
was sometimes mentioned by parsons in   
their sermons2 but that the heart could 
have any thing to do with the serious   
affairs of life never once entered into 
his head to suppose4 ,he therefore      
testified as much satisfaction at       
,emily's answer1 as if she had avowed   
for him the deepest affection4 ,they    
were shortly afterwards married1 and the
 pensive bride accompanied her husband  
to her new home--,woodthorpe ,hall2 an  
ancient1 castellated edifice1 situated  
in an extensive and finely-wooded park  
on an estate in the ,east ,riding of    
,yorkshire4  ,but ,i have too long      
neglected ,philip ,hayforth--too long   
permitted a cloud to rest upon his honor

 and constancy4 ,he was not1 in truth1  
the heartless1 light-minded wretch that 
,i fear you may think him4 ,pride1 not  
falsehood or levity1 was the blemish in 
his otherwise fine character2 but it was
 a very plague-spot1 tainting his whole 
moral nature1 and frequently            
neutralizing the effect of his best     
qualities4 ,he had been quite as much   
charmed with ,emily's present and       
,emily's letter1 as she had ever        
ventured to hope1 and had lost not a    
moment in writing to her in return a    
long epistle full of the fervent love   
and gratitude with which his heart was  
overflowing4 ,he had also mentioned     
several affairs of mutual interest and  
of a pressing nature1 but about which he
 was unwilling to take any steps without
 the concurrence of his own dearest and 
kindest ,emily4 ,he therefore entreated 
her to write immediately2 to write by   
return of post1 if she loved him4 ,but  
this letter never reached its           
destination3 it was lost--a rare        

occurrence certainly1 but1 as most of us
 are aware from our own experience1 not 
unknown4 ,and now began with ,philip    
,hayforth the same agony which ,emily   
was enduring--nay1 a greater agony2 for 
there was not only the same disappointed
 affection1 the same heart-sickness1 the
 same weary expectation1 but there was  
the stronger suffering of a more        
passionate and less disciplined temper2 
and1 above all1 there was the incessant 
struggle between pride and love--the    
same fearful strife which1 we are told1 
once made war in ,heaven4  ,sometimes he
 thought that ,emily might be ill2 but  
then that did not seem likely1 as her   
health was generally good2 and she was1 
when she had last written1 perfectly    
well1 and apparently in excellent       
spirits4 ,should he write to her again8 
,no1 she owed him a letter1 and if she  
loved him1 would doubtless answer it as 
soon as circumstances would permit2 and 
he 'would let that haughty old          
aristocrat1 her father1 see that ,philip

 ,hayforth1 the merchant1 had more of   
the spirit of a man in him than to      
cringe to the proudest blood in         
,england4 ,and as for ,emily1 she was   
his betrothed bride--the same as his    
wife2 and if he was not more to her than
 any father on earth1 she was unworthy  
of the love he had given her4 ,let her  
only be true to him1 and he was ready to
 devote his life to her--to die for     
her4' ,as the time wore slowly away1 he 
became more and more exasperated1       
fevered1 wretched4 ,sometimes it seemed 
to him that he could no longer endure   
such torment2 that life itself was a    
burthen too intolerable to be borne4    
,but here pride came to the aid of a    
better principle4 ,his cheek tinged at  
the thought of being spoken of as the   
slighted lover1 and his blood boiled at 
the bare idea of ,colonel ,sherwood's   
contemptuous pity for the vain plebeian 
who had dared to raise his thoughts to  
an alliance with his beautiful1         
high-born daughter4 ,he 'would show the 

world that he was no love-sick1         
despairing swain2 and ,miss ,sherwood's 
vanity should never be gratified by the 
display of the wounds her falsehood had 
inflicted4 ,he would very soon1 he knew1
 forget the fair coquette who had       
trampled thus upon his most sacred      
feelings4' ,so he tried to persuade     
himself1 but his heart misgave him4 ,no3
 he could not forget her--it was in vain
 to attempt it2 but the more his        
feelings acknowledged her power1 even   
the more the pride she had wounded in   
its tenderest point rose up in wrath    
against her2 and he chafed at his own   
powerlessness to testify towards her his
 scorn and contempt4 ,at such times as  
these he seemed even to himself on the  
verge of madness4 ,but he had saner     
moments--moments when his better nature 
triumphed1 and pride resigned for a     
brief space her stormy empire to the    
benigner sway of the contending passion4
  ,in the midst of those terrific       
tornados1 which in the ,west ,indies and

 elsewhere carry in their path1 over    
immense districts1 ruin and desolation1 
there is a pause1 often of considerable 
duration1 caused1 the scientific inform 
us1 by the calm in the centre of the    
atmospheric vortex of which they are    
composed4 ,such a calm would            
occasionally rest upon the mind of      
,philip ,hayforth1 over the length and  
breadth of which the whirlwind of       
passion had lately been tearing4 ,one   
night1 after one of those hidden        
transports1 which the proud man would   
have died rather than any mortal eye    
should have scanned1 he threw himself   
upon his bed 7for he rarely went to bed 
now1 in the accepted sense of the       
phrase7 in a state approaching          
exhaustion1 mental and bodily4 ,by      
degrees a sort of dream-like peace fell 
upon his spirit2 the present vanished   
away1 and the past became1 as it were1  
once more a living reality4 ,he thought 
of ,emily ,sherwood as he had first seen
 her--a vision of loveliness and grace4 

,he thought of her as he had beheld her 
almost the last time on that clear      
summer morning1 and like refreshing dew 
on his scorched and desolated heart fell
 the remembrance of her gentle words and
 loving looks4 ,could they have         
deceived8 ,ah no6 and his whole nature  
seemed suddenly softened4 ,he seemed to 
see her before him now1 with her angel  
face and her floating white robes2 he   
seemed even yet to be looking into those
 soft1 bright eyes1 and to read there   
again1 as he had read before1 love      
unspeakable1 truth unchangeable4 ,his   
heart was filled with a yearning        
tenderness1 an intense and longing      
fondness1 and he extended his arms1 as  
if to embrace that white-robed image of 
truth and gentleness3 but she was not   
there2 it was but her spirit which had  
come to still his angry passions with   
the calm of trust and love4 ,and in the 
fond superstition that so it was1 he    
sprang from his couch1 seized a pen1 and
 wrote to her a passionate1 incoherent  

epistle1 telling her that she had tried 
him almost beyond his strength1 but that
 he loved and believed in her still1 and
 if she answered immediately1 that he   
was ready to forgive her for all the    
pain she had caused him4 ,this letter   
finished1 he threw himself upon his bed 
once again1 and after a space1 slept    
more soundly than he had done for many a
 long night before4 ,when he rose in the
 morning he read over his letter1 and   
felt1 as he read1 some faint misgivings2
 but these were put to flight by the    
recollection of ,emily1 as she had      
appeared to him in the vision of the    
previous night4 ,as the post1 however1  
did not go out till evening1 he would   
keep the letter till then4 ,alas for the
 delay6 ,it changed for ever his own    
fate and that of ,emily ,sherwood4 ,it  
chanced that very afternoon that1 taking
 up a provincial newspaper in a         
coffee-room into which he had strolled1 
on his way to the post-office1 the      
following paragraph met his eye3--',we  

understand that there is a matrimonial  
alliance in contemplation between ,j----
 ,r----1 ,esq41 eldest son of ,sir      
,j---- ,r----1 ,bart41 and the lovely   
and accomplished ,miss ,sherwood1       
daughter of ,colonel ,sherwood1 late of 
the --th dragoons1 and granddaughter of 
the late ,r4 ,sherwood1 ,esq41 of ----  
,park4' ,on reading this most unfounded 
rumor1 ,philip ,hayforth waited not     
another moment1 but rushed home as if   
driven by the furies2 and tearing his   
letter in a thousand pieces1 threw it   
and the purse1 ,emily's gift1 into the  
fire1 and vowed to bestow not another   
thought on the heartless woman who had  
perjured her own faith and sold his true
 and fervent love for riches and title4 
,oh how he scorned her6 how he felt in  
his own true heart that all the wealth  
and grandeur of the earth would have    
been powerless to tempt one thought of  
his from her6  ,to conceal all suspicion
 of his sufferings from the world1 and1 
if possible1 banish their remembrance   

from his own mind1 he now went even more
 than formerly into society2 and when   
there1 simulated a gayety of manner that
 had hitherto distinguished his most    
vivacious moments4 ,he had always been a
 general favorite1 and now his company  
was more sought after than ever4 ,among 
the young persons of the opposite sex   
with whom his engagements most          
frequently brought him in contact1 was a
 young girl of the name of ,fanny       
,hartley1 pretty1 gentle1 excessively   
amiable1 but without much mind1 and with
 no literary taste whatever4 ,she had   
nothing to say1 but she listened to him1
 and he felt in her society a sort of   
repose1 which was at present peculiarly 
grateful to his angry1 troubled spirit4 
,her very silence soothed him1 while the
 absorbing nature of his own feelings   
prevented him at first from thinking of 
hers4 ,philip ,hayforth had certainly   
not more than an average share of human 
vanity1 but he did at last suspect1     
partly from an accidental circumstance  

which had first drawn his attention to  
the subject1 that he had created in the 
heart of the innocent ,fanny a deeper   
interest than he had ever intended4 ,he 
was touched1 grateful1 but at first     
grieved1 for he could never love again4 
,but the charm of being loved soon began
 to work3 his heart was less desolate1  
his feelings were less bitter1 when he  
thought of ,fanny ,hartley1 and began to
 ask himself if he were wise to reject  
the consolation which ,providence seemed
 to offer him in the affection of this  
amiable and artless young creature4 ,and
 when he thought of the pain she might  
perchance be suffering on his account1  
all hesitation upon the subject was     
removed at once4 ,if she loved him1 as  
he believed1 his conduct1 it seemed to  
his really kind heart1 had already been 
barbarous4 ,he ought not to delay       
another day4 ,and accordingly that very 
evening he offered his hand to ,fanny   
,hartley1 and was accepted with         
trembling joy4  ,their marriage proved a

 happy one4 ,fanny was as amiable as she
 had appeared1 and in the conduct of the
 commoner affairs of life1 good-feeling 
with her supplied in a great measure any
 deficiency of strong sense4 ,philip did
 perhaps occasionally heave a gentle    
sigh1 and think for a moment of ,emily  
,sherwood1 when he found how incapable  
his wife was of responding to a lofty or
 poetic thought1 or of appreciating the 
points of an argument1 unless it were   
upon some such subject as the merits of 
a new dress or the seasoning of a       
pudding4 ,but he quickly checked the    
rising discontent1 for ,fanny was so    
pure in heart1 and so unselfish in      
disposition1 that it was impossible not 
to respect as well as to love her4 ,in  
short1 ,philip ,hayforth was a fortunate
 man1 and what is more surprising1 knew 
himself to be so4 ,and when1 after      
twenty years of married life1 he saw his
 faithful1 gentle ,fanny laid in her    
grave1 he felt bereaved indeed4 ,it     
seemed to him then1 as perhaps1 at such 

a time1 it always does to a tender      
heart1 that he had never done her       
justice1 never loved her as her         
surpassing goodness deserved4 ,and yet a
 kinder husband never lived than he had 
been2 and ,fanny had died blessing him1 
and thanking him1 as she said1 for      
twenty years of happiness4 ,how         
infinitely superior1 he now daily and   
hourly thought1 was her sweet temper and
 loving disposition to all the intellect
 and all the poetry that ever were      
enshrined in the most beautiful form4   
,and yet ,philip ,hayforth certainly was
 not sorry that his eldest daughter--his
 pretty1 lively ,fanny--should have     
turned out not only amiable and         
affectionate1 but clever and witty4 ,he 
was1 in truth1 very proud of ,fanny4 ,he
 loved all his children most dearly2 but
 ,fanny was the apple of his eye--the   
very delight of his existence4 ,he had  
now almost forgotten ,emily ,sherwood2  
but when he did think of her1 it was    
with indifference rather than           

forgiveness4 ,he had not heard of her   
since his marriage1 having1 some time   
previous to that event1 completely      
broken off the slight acquaintance he   
had formed with her relations2 while a  
short absence abroad1 at the time of her
 union with ,mr4 ,beauchamp1 had        
prevented him from seeing its           
announcement in the papers4  ,meanwhile 
poor ,emily's married life had not been 
so happy as that of her former lover4   
,mr4 ,beauchamp was of a pompous1       
tyrannical disposition1 and had a small1
 mean mind4 ,he was constantly worrying 
about trifles1 perpetually taking       
offence with nothing1 and would spend   
whole days in discussing some trivial   
point of etiquette1 in the breach of    
which1 he conceived himself aggrieved4  
,a very miserable woman was his wife    
amid all the cold magnificence of her   
stately home4 ,often1 very often1 in her
 hours of loneliness and depression1 her
 thoughts would revert to the brief1    
bright days of her early love1 and her  

spirit would be rapt away by the        
recollection of that scene on the       
balcony1 when ,philip ,hayforth and she 
had stood with locked hands and full    
hearts gazing at the sinking star and   
the sweetly breaking day1 and loving1   
feeling1 thinking1 as if they had but   
one mind between them1 till the present 
seemed all a fevered dream1 and the past
 alone reality4 ,she could not have been
 deceived then3 then1 at least1 he had  
loved her4 ,oh1 had she not wronged him8
 had there not been a mistake--some     
incident unexplained8 ,he had warned her
 that his temper was proud and jealous1 
and she felt now that she ought to have 
written and asked an explanation4 ,she  
had thrown away her happiness1 and      
deserved her fate4 ,then she recollected
 that such thoughts in her1 the wife of 
,mr4 ,beauchamp1 were worse than        
foolish--they were sinful2 and the      
upbraidings of her conscience added to  
her misery4  ,but ,emily had a strong   
mind1 and a lofty sense of right2 and in

 those solitary struggles was first     
developed the depth and strength of her 
character4 ,partly to divert her        
thoughts from subjects dangerous to her 
peace1 and partly from the natural bent 
of her inclinations1 she sought         
assiduously to cultivate the powers of  
her mind1 while her affections found    
ample scope for their exercise in the   
love of her infant son1 and in          
considerate care for her many           
dependants1 by all of whom she was loved
 and reverenced in no common degree4    
,she learned thus the grand lessons--'to
 suffer and be strong1' and to make the 
best of destiny2 and she felt that if   
she were a sadder woman1 she was also a 
wiser one1 and at any price wisdom1 she 
knew1 is a purchase not to be despised4 
,mrs4 ,beauchamp had been married little
 more than five years when her husband  
died4 ,his will showed1 that however    
unhappy he had made her during his life1
 he had not been insensible to her      
merit1 for he left her the sole guardian

 of their only son1 and1 while she      
should remain unmarried1 the mistress of
 ,woodthorpe ,hall4 ,in the childish    
affection and opening mind of her little
 boy poor ,emily at last found          
happiness--unspeakable happiness1       
although it was of course qualified by  
the anxiety inseparable from parental   
love4 ,she doted upon him2 but her love 
was of too wise and unselfish a nature  
to permit her to spoil him1 while her   
maternal affection furnished her with   
another motive for the cultivation of   
her own mind and the improvement of her 
own character4 ,she was fired with the  
noble ambition of being the mother of   
her child's mind1 as well as of that    
mind's mere perishable shrine4   ,,ii4  
,twenty-five years have passed away1    
with all their changes--their many      
changes2 and now1      ',gone are the   
heads of silvery hair1     ,and the     
young that were have a brow of care3'   
,and the babe of twenty-five years ago  
is now a man1 ready to rush into the    

thickest and the hottest of the great   
battle of life4  ,it was ,christmas     
time2 the trees were bare on ,woodthorpe
 ,chase2 the lawns were whitened by a   
recent shower of snow1 and crisped by a 
sharp frost2 the stars were coming out  
in the cold cloudless sky2 and two      
enormous fires1 high piled with         
,christmas logs1 blazed1 crackled1 and  
roared in the huge oaken chimneys of the
 great oak hall4 ,mrs4 ,beauchamp and   
her son sat together in the             
drawing-room1 in momentary expectation  
of the arrival of their ,christmas      
guests--a party of cousins1 who lived at
 about ten miles' distance from         
,woodthorpe ,hall4 ,edmund ,beauchamp   
was now a very promising young man1     
having hitherto fulfilled the hopes and 
answered the cares of his fond and      
anxious mother4 ,he had already reaped  
laurels at school and college1 and his  
enlightened and liberal views1 and      
generous1 enthusiastic mind1 gave       
earnest of a career alike honourable and

 useful4 ,in person and features1 though
 both were agreeable1 he did not much   
resemble his mother2 but he had the same
 large1 soft1 thoughtful eyes1 the same 
outward tranquillity of demeanour hiding
 the same earnest spirit4 ,at present he
 was silent1 and seemed meditative4     
,mrs4 ,beauchamp gazed at him long and  
fondly1 and as she gazed1 her mother's  
heart swelled with love and pride1 and  
her eyes glistened with heartfelt joy4  
,at last she remarked1 ,i hope the      
,sharpes's new governess is as nice a   
person as the old one4  ,oh1 much nicer6
 cried ,edmund suddenly1 and as if      
awakening from a reverie4  ,indeed6 ,i  
used to think ,miss ,smith a very nice  
person4  ,oh1 so she was--very          
good-natured and obliging2 but ,miss    
,dalton is altogether a different sort  
of person4  ,i wonder you never told me 
you found her so agreeable4  ,i--,oh1 ,i
 did not----,that is1 you never asked   
me4  ,is she young8  ,yes--not much     
above twenty ,i should think4  ,is she  

pretty8  ,i--,i don't exactly know1 he  
said1 hesitating and colouring2 ,i      
suppose--most persons----,i should think
 she is4 ,how foolish ,i am6 thought    
,edmund4 ,what will my mother think of  
all this8 ,he then continued in a more  
composed manner--,she is a very         
excellent girl at least4 ,she is the    
daughter of a ,london merchant--a       
remarkably honourable man--who has been 
ruined by these bad times2 and though   
brought up in luxury1 and with the      
expectation of large fortune1 she has   
conformed to her circumstances in the   
most cheerful manner1 and supports1 it  
seems1 with the fruits of her talents   
and industry1 two little sisters at     
school4 ,the ,sharpes are all so fond of
 her1 and she is the greatest favorite  
imaginable with the children4 ,edmund   
spoke with unwonted warmth4 ,his mother 
looked at him half-sympathisingly1      
half-anxiously4 ,she seemed about to    
speak1 when the sound of carriage       
wheels1 and the loud knock of a footman 

at the hall-door1 announced the arrival 
of the ,sharpes1 and ,mrs4 ,beauchamp   
and her son hastened into the hall to   
welcome their guests4 ,mrs4 ,beauchamp's
 eye sought for the stranger1 partly    
because she was a stranger1 and partly  
from the interest in her her son's      
conversation had created4 ,but ,miss    
,dalton was the last to enter4  ,edmund 
had not erred in saying she was a pretty
 girl4 ,even beneath the cumbrous load  
of cloaks and furs in which she was now 
enveloped1 you could detect the         
exquisite proportions of her petite     
figure1 and the sprightly grace of her  
carriage2 while a pretty winter bonnet  
set off to advantage a face remarkable  
for the intelligence and vivacity of its
 expression4 ,her features1 though not  
regular1 were small1 while the          
brilliancy of her colour1 though her    
complexion was that of a brunette1 lent 
a yet brighter glow to her sparkling    
dark eyes1 and contrasted well with the 
glossy black ringlets which shaded her  

animated countenance4 ,at this moment1  
however1 her little head was carried    
somewhat haughtily1 and there was a sort
 of something not unlike bashfulness or 
awkwardness in her manner which seemed  
hardly natural to it4 ,the truth was1   
,miss ,dalton had come very unwillingly 
to share in the festivities of          
,woodthorpe ,hall4 ,she was not         
acquainted with ,mrs4 ,beauchamp1 and   
report said she was a very dignified    
lady1 which ,fanny ,dalton interpreted  
to mean a very proud one2 and from her  
change of circumstances1 rendered unduly
 sensitive1 she dreaded in her hostess  
the haughty neglect or still haughtier  
condescension by which vulgar and       
shallow minds mark out their sense of   
another's social inferiority4 ,and      
therefore it was that she held her head 
so high1 and exhibited the constraint of
 manner to which ,i have alluded4 ,but  
all her pride and shyness quickly melted
 before the benign presence and true    
heart-politeness of ,mrs4 ,beauchamp4   

,dignified the latter certainly was2 but
 her dignity was tempered with the      
utmost benevolence of expression1 and   
the most winning sweetness of manner2   
and when she took the hand of her little
 stranger-guest between both of hers1   
and holding it kindly1 said1 ,you are   
the only stranger here1 ,miss ,dalton2  
but for my sake you must try to feel at 
home1 an affection for ,mrs4 ,beauchamp 
entered into the heart of the young     
girl1 which has continued ever since    
steadily to increase4 ,that she should  
conceive such an affection was not      
unnatural1 for there was something in   
the appearance and manners of ,mrs4     
,beauchamp1 combined with her position  
in life1 calculated to strike the       
imagination and touch the feelings of a 
warm-hearted and romantic girl such as  
,fanny ,dalton1 more especially one     
circumstanced as she was4 ,even her     
previous prejudice1 with the reaction   
natural to a generous mind1 was likely  
to heighten her subsequent admiration4  

,but it is not so easy to account for   
the sudden interest the pretty governess
 created at first sight in the heart of 
her hostess4 ,many girls as pretty and  
as intelligent looking as ,miss ,dalton 
she had seen before1 without their      
having inspired a spark of the          
tenderness she felt towards this unknown
 stranger4 ,she could not comprehend it 
herself4 ,she was not prone to take     
fancies1 as the phrase is2 and yet1     
whatever might be the case1 certain it  
was that there was a nameless something 
about this girl1 which seemed to touch  
one of the deepest chords of her nature1
 and to cause her heart to yearn towards
 her with something like a mother's     
love4 ,she felt that if ,miss ,dalton   
were all that she had heard1 and that if
 she should really prove her son's      
choice1 he should not be gainsaid by    
her4  ,the ,christmas party at          
,woodthorpe ,hall was generally a merry 
one2 and this year it was even merrier  
than usual4 ,fanny ,dalton was the life 

of the party2 her disposition was       
naturally a lively one1 and this hour of
 sunshine in her clouded day called     
forth all its vivacity4 ,but ,fanny was 
not only clever1 lively1 and amiable2   
her conduct and manners occasionally    
displayed traits of spirit--nay1 of     
pride2 the latter1 however1 of a        
generous rather than an egotistical     
description4 ,nothing was so certain to 
call it forth as any tale of meanness or
 oppression4 ,one morning ,miss ,sharpe 
had been relating an anecdote of a      
gentleman in the neighborhood who had   
jilted 7odious word67 an amiable and    
highly estimable young lady1 to whom he 
had long been engaged1 in order to marry
 a wealthy and titled widow4 ,there were
 many aggravating circumstances         
attending the whole affair1 which had   
contributed to excite still more against
 the offender the indignation of all    
right-thinking persons4 ,the unfortunate
 young lady was reported to be dying of 
a broken heart4  ,fanny1 who had been   

all along listening to the narration    
with an eager and interested            
countenance1 now exclaimed--,dying of a 
broken heart6 ,poor thing6 ,but if ,i   
were she1 ,i would not break my         
heart--,i would scorn him as something  
far beneath me1 poor and unimportant as 
,i am4 ,no1 ,i might break my heart for 
the loss of a true lover1 but never for 
the loss of a false one6 ,as ,fanny's   
eyes shone1 and her lip curled with a   
lofty contempt1 as her naturally clear1 
merry tones grew deeper and stronger    
with the indignation she expressed1 a   
mist seemed suddenly to be cleared away 
from the eyes of ,mrs4 ,beauchamp1 and  
in that slight young girl she beheld the
 breathing image of one whom she had    
once intimately known and dearly        
loved--in those indignant accents she   
seemed to recognize the tones of a voice
 long since heard1 but the echoes of    
which yet lingered in her heart4 ,why   
she had so loved ,fanny ,dalton was no  
mystery now--she saw in her but the     

gentler type of him whom she had once   
believed the master of her destiny--even
 of ,philip ,hayforth1 long unheard of1 
but never forgotten4 ,but what          
connection could there be between       
,philip ,hayforth and ,fanny ,dalton8   
and whence this strange resemblance1    
which lay not so much in form or in     
feature1 as in that nameless1 intangible
 similarity of expression1 gesture1     
manner1 and voice1 so frequently        
exhibited by members of the same family4
  ,as soon as ,mrs4 ,beauchamp could    
quit the table1 she withdrew to her own 
room1 where she remained for some time  
in deep meditation1 the result of which 
was a determination to fathom the       
mystery1 if mystery there was4 ,it was  
just possible1 too1 that the attempt    
might assist her to find a key to the   
riddle of her own destiny4              
,accordingly1 on the afternoon of the   
same day1 she took an opportunity of    
being alone with ,miss ,dalton and her  
son1 to say to the former--,i think you 

told me1 my dear1 that your father was  
alive8  ,oh yes1 thank ,god1 he is      
alive6 ,how ,i wish you knew him1 ,mrs4 
,beauchamp6 ,i think you would like him1
 and ,i am sure he would like and admire
 you4  ,does your father at all resemble
 you in appearance8  ,i am not sure4 ,i 
have been told that ,i was like him1 and
 ,i always consider it a great          
compliment2 for papa is still a very    
handsome man1 and was of course even    
handsomer when he was young1 and before 
his hair became grey4 ,i have a         
miniature likeness of him1 taken before 
his marriage1 which ,i have with me1 and
 will show you1 if you will so far      
indulge my vanity4  ,mrs4 ,beauchamp    
having replied that she should like     
exceedingly to see it1 ,fanny tripped   
away1 and returned in a few minutes1    
carrying in her hand a handsome1 but    
old-fashioned1 morocco case4 ,mrs4      
,beauchamp had never seen it before1 but
 she well remembered having given       
directions for the making of a case of  

that very size1 shape1 and color1 for a 
miniature which was to have been painted
 for her4 ,her heart began to beat4 ,she
 seemed upon the brink of a discovery4  
,fanny now opened the case1 and placing 
it before ,mrs4 ,beauchamp1 exclaimed1  
,now1 isn't he a handsome man8 ,but     
,mrs4 ,beauchamp could not answer4 ,one 
glance had been sufficient4 ,a cold mist
 gathered before her eyes1 and she was  
obliged to lean for support1 upon the   
back of a chair4  ,dear ,mrs4           
,beauchamp1 are you ill8  ,my dear      
mother6 cried ,edmund4  ,it is nothing1 
she answered1 quickly recovering        
herself2 only a little faintness4 ,and  
then with the self-command which long   
habit had made easy1 she sat down and   
continued with her usual calm           
sweetness--,i could almost fancy ,i had 
seen your father2 but ,i do not remember
 ever knowing any one of the name of    
,dalton but yourself4  ,oh1 but perhaps 
you might have seen him before he       
changed his name2 and yet it seems      

hardly likely4 ,his name used to be     
,hayforth2 but by the will of his former
 partner1 who1 dying without near       
relations1 left papa all his money1 he  
took the name of ,dalton4 ,the money is 
all gone now1 to be sure1 she continued 
with the faintest possible sigh2 but we 
all loved the dear old man1 and so we   
still keep his name4  ,fanny had seated 
herself beside ,mrs4 ,beauchamp1 and as 
she finished speaking1 the latter1      
obeying the impulse of her heart1 drew  
her towards her and kissed her4 ,fanny1 
whose feelings were not only easily     
touched1 and very strong1 but even      
unusually demonstrative1 threw her arms 
round ,mrs4 ,beauchamp1 and cried1 with 
tears in her eyes1 ,how kind you are to 
me1 ,mrs4 ,beauchamp6 ,you could hardly 
be kinder1 if you were my mother4  ,dear
 ,fanny1 she answered in a low and      
affectionate tone1 ,i wish1 indeed1 ,i  
were your mother6  ,as she spoke1       
,edmund1 who had been standing in a     
window apart1 made a sudden movement    

towards the two ladies1 but as suddenly 
checked himself4 ,at this moment his    
eyes encountered those of his mother1   
and colouring violently1 he abruptly    
quitted the room4 ,this little scene    
passed quite unnoticed by ,fanny1 who at
 the instant was thinking only of ,mrs4 
,beauchamp1 and of her own gentle       
mother1 now beneath the sod4  ,the      
daughter of ,philip ,hayforth became a  
frequent guest at ,woodthorpe ,hall1    
spending most of her ,sundays with ,mrs4
 ,beauchamp1 who would frequently drive 
over to the ,sharpes's for her of a     
,saturday afternoon1 and send her back  
on the ,monday morning4 ,she was invited
 to spend the ,easter holidays at the   
,hall--a most welcome invitation1 as she
 was not to return home till the        
midsummer vacation4 ,a most agreeable   
time were these ,easter holidays6 ,never
 had ,fanny seemed more bright and      
joyous4 ,her presence operated as       
perpetual sunshine on the more pensive  
natures of the mother and son4 ,it was  

therefore a great surprise to ,mrs4     
,beauchamp when1 one day at luncheon1   
about a week before the time fixed for  
the termination of her visit1 ,fanny    
announced her intention of leaving      
,woodthorpe that afternoon1 if her      
friend could spare her the carriage4  ,i
 can certainly spare it1 ,fanny2 but ,i 
should like to know the reason of this  
sudden determination8  ,you must excuse 
my telling you1 ,mrs4 ,beauchamp2 but ,i
 hope you will believe me when ,i say   
that it is from a sense of duty4 ,as she
 spoke1 she raised her head with a proud
 look1 her eyes flashed1 and she spoke  
in the haughty tone which always brought
 before ,mrs4 ,beauchamp the image of   
her early lover2 for it was in her proud
 moments that ,fanny most resembled her 
father4  ,far be it from me1 ,fanny1 she
 replied1 with her wonted sweetness and 
benignity1 to ask any one to tamper with
 duty2 but1 my child1 our faults1 our   
pride frequently mislead us4 ,you shall 
go to-night1 if you please2 but ,i wish1

 for my sake1 you could stay at least   
till to-morrow morning4 ,i have not     
offended you1 ,fanny8  ,oh1 dearest     
,mrs4 ,beauchamp6 and the poor girl     
burst into tears4 ,i wish--,i wish ,i   
could only show you how ,i love you--how
 grateful ,i am for all your goodness2  
but you will never1 never know4  ,mrs4  
,beauchamp looked anxiously at her1 and 
began1 ,fanny----,but suddenly stopped1 
as if she knew not how to proceed4      
,immediately afterwards the young girl  
left the room1 silently and passionately
 kissing ,mrs4 ,beauchamp's hand as she 
passed her on her way to the door4  ,a  
few hours later in the day1 as ,mrs4    
,beauchamp sat reading in her boudoir1  
according to her custom at that         
particular hour1 ,edmund abruptly       
entered the little room in a state of   
agitation quite foreign to his ordinary 
disposition and habits4  ,mother6 he    
cried4  ,my love6 what is the matter8   
,mother6 ,i love ,fanny ,dalton--,i love
 her with all my soul4 ,i think her not 

only the loveliest and most charming of 
women1 but the best and truest6 ,i feel 
that she might make my life not only    
happier1 but better4 ,oh1 mother6 is not
 love as real a thing as either wealth  
or station8 ,is it not as sufficient for
 all noble works8 ,is it not in some    
shape the only motive for all real      
improvement8 ,it seems to me that such  
is the lesson ,i have been learning from
 you all my life long4  ,and in that you
 have learned it ,i am deeply grateful1 
and far more than repaid for all my care
 and anxiety on your account2 and now   
thank you for your confidence1 my dear  
,edmund1 though ,i think you might have 
bestowed it after a calmer fashion4 ,it 
would have been better1 ,i think1 to    
have said all those violent things to   
,fanny than to me4  ,i have said more   
than all these to ,fanny1 and--she has  
rejected me6  ,rejected you6 my dearest 
,edmund6 ,i am grieved indeed2 but ,i do
 not see how ,i can help you4  ,and yet 
,i should not be quite hopeless if you  

would plead my cause4 ,miss ,dalton says
 that you have loaded her with kindness 
which she can never repay2 that she     
values your affection beyond all        
expression2 and that she is determined  
not to prove herself unworthy of it by  
being the means of disappointing the    
expectations you may have formed for    
your son1 for whom1 she says1 she is no 
match either in wealth or station4 ,she 
would not listen to me when ,i attempted
 to speak to her but this instant in the
 ,laurel ,walk1 but actually ran away1  
positively commanding me not to follow2 
and yet1 ,i do think1 if she had        
decidedly disliked me1 she would have   
given me to understand so at once1      
without mentioning you4 ,mother6 what do
 you--what do you think8  ,you shall    
hear presently1 ,edmund2 but in the     
first place let us find ,miss ,dalton4  
,they went out together1 and had not    
sought her long1 when they discovered   
her pacing perturbedly up and down a    
broad walk of closely-shaven grass1     

inclosed on both sides by a tall        
impenetrable fence of evergreens4 ,as   
soon as she saw them1 she advanced      
quickly to meet them1 her face covered  
with blushes1 but her bearing open and  
proud4 ,ere ,mrs4 ,beauchamp had time to
 speak1 she exclaimed1 ,mrs4 ,beauchamp1
 ,i do not deserve your reproaches4     
,never till this morning was ,i aware of
 ,mr4 ,beauchamp's sentiments towards   
me4 ,dear1 kind friend1 ,i would have   
suffered any tortures rather than that  
this should have happened4  ,fanny was  
violently agitated2 while ,mrs4         
,beauchamp1 on the contrary1 preserved a
 calm exterior4 ,she took one of the    
young girl's hands between both of hers1
 and answered soothingly1 ,compose      
yourself1 my dear ,fanny1 ,i entreat    
you4 ,believe me1 ,i do not blame you   
for the affection my son has conceived  
for you4  ,oh thank you6 ,indeed you    
only do me justice4  ,but1 ,fanny1 ,i   
blame you very much for another reason4 
,for what reason1 then1 madam8  ,for the

 same reason which now causes your eye  
to flash1 and makes you call your friend
 by a ceremonious title4 ,i blame you   
for your pride1 which has made you think
 of me harshly and unjustly4 ,unkind    
,fanny6 ,what reason have ,i ever given 
you to think me heartless or worldly8   
,do you not know that those who love are
 equals8 and that if it be a more       
blessed thing to give1 yet to a generous
 heart1 for that very reason1 it ought  
to be a pleasure to receive8 ,are you   
too proud1 ,fanny1 to take any thing    
from us1 or is it because my son's      
affection is displeasing to you that you
 have rejected him8  ,fanny was now in  
tears1 and even sobbing aloud4 ,oh1     
forgive me1 she cried1 forgive me6 ,i   
acknowledge my fault4 ,i see that what  
,i believed to be a sense of duty was at
 least partly pride4 ,oh1 ,mrs4         
,beauchamp1 you would forgive me if you 
only knew how miserable ,i was making   
myself too6  ,were you--were you indeed 
making yourself miserable8 cried        

,edmund4 ,oh say so again1 dearest      
,fanny2 and say you are happy now6      
,mrs4 ,beauchamp smiled fondly as she   
answered1 ,i will do more than forgive  
you1 my poor ,fanny1 if you will only   
love my son4 ,will you make us both so  
happy8  ,fanny only replied by a rapid  
glance at ,edmund1 and by throwing      
herself into the arms of ,mrs4          
,beauchamp1 which were extended to      
receive her4 ,and as she was pressed to 
that fond1 maternal heart1 she whispered
 audibly1 ,my mother6--our mother6      
,mrs4 ,beauchamp then taking her hand1  
and placing it in that of her son1 said 
with evident emotion1 ,only make ,edmund
 happy1 ,fanny1 and all the gratitude   
between us will be due on my side2 and  
oh1 my children1 as you value your      
future peace1 believe in each other     
through light and darkness4 ,and may    
,heaven bless you both6 ,she had turned 
towards the house1 when she looked back 
to ask1 ,shall ,i countermand the       
carriage1 ,fanny8 ,and ,edmund added1   

half-tenderly1 half-slyly1 ,shall you go
 to-morrow8  ,fanny's tears were        
scarcely dry1 and her blushes were      
deeper than ever1 but she answered      
immediately1 with her usual lively      
promptitude1 ,that depends upon the sort
 of entertainment you may provide as an 
inducement to prolong my visit4  ,and   
,edmund1 finding that he had no chance  
with ,fanny where repartee or badinage  
was in question1 had recourse again to  
the serious vein1 and rejoined1 ,if my  
power to induce you to prolong your     
visit were at all equal to my will1 you 
would remain for ever1 my own dearest   
,fanny4  ,we must now pass over a few   
months4 ,the early freshness and verdure
 of spring had passed away1 and the     
bloom and the glory of summer had       
departed4 ,the apple-trees were now     
laden with their rosy treasures1 the    
peach was ripe on the sunny wall1 and   
the summer darkness of the woods had but
 just begun to be varied by the         
appearance of a few yellow leaves4 ,it  

was on a ,september afternoon1 when the 
soft light of the autumn sunset was     
bathing in its pale golden rays the grey
 turrets of ,woodthorpe ,hall1 and      
resting like a parting smile on the     
summits of the ancestral oaks and elms1 
while it cast deep shadows1 crossed with
 bright gleams1 on the spreading lawns1 
or glanced back from the antlers of the 
deer1 as they ever and anon appeared in 
the hollows of the park or between the  
trees1 that a travelling carriage passed
 under the old ,gothic archway which    
formed the entrance to ,woodthorpe      
,park1 and drove rapidly towards the    
,hall4 ,it contained ,edmund and ,fanny1
 the newly-married pair1 who had just   
returned from a wedding trip to ,paris4 
,they were not1 however1 the only       
occupants of the carriage4 ,with them   
was ,mr4 ,dalton1 whom we knew in former
 days as ,philip ,hayforth1 and who had 
been specially invited by ,mrs4         
,beauchamp to accompany the bride and   
bridegroom on their return to           

,woodthorpe ,hall4  ,and now the        
carriage stops beneath the porch1 and in
 the arched doorway stands a noble and  
graceful figure--the lady of the        
mansion4 ,the slanting sunbeams1        
streaming through the stained windows at
 the upper end of the oak hall1 played  
upon her dress of dark and shining silk1
 which was partly covered by a shawl or 
mantle of black lace1 while her sweet   
pale face was lighted up with affection1
 and her eyes were full of a grave      
gladness4 ,her fair hair1 just beginning
 to be streaked with silver1 was parted 
over her serene forehead1 and above it  
rested a simple matronly cap of finest  
lace4 ,emily ,beauchamp was still a     
beautiful woman--beautiful even as when 
in the early prime of youth and love she
 had stood in the light of the new-born 
day1 clad in her robes of vestal        
whiteness4 ,the change in her was but   
the change from morning to evening--from
 spring to autumn2 and to some hearts   
the waning light and the fading leaves  

have a charm which sunshine and         
spring-time cannot boast4 ,having fondly
 but hastily embraced her son and       
daughter1 she turned to ,mr4 ,dalton1   
and with cordial warmth bade him welcome
 to ,woodthorpe ,hall4 ,he started at   
the sound of the gentle1 earnest tones  
which1 as if by magic1 brought palpably 
before him scenes and images which lay  
far remote1 down the dim vista of years1
 obscured1 almost hidden1 by later      
interest and more pressing cares4 ,he   
looked in ,mrs4 ,beauchamp's face1 and a
 new wonder met him in the glance of her
 large brown eyes1 so full of           
seriousness and benignity1 while the    
smooth white hand which yet held his in 
its calm friendly clasp seemed strangely
 like one he had often pressed1 but     
which had always trembled as he held it4
 ,what could all this mean8 ,was he     
dreaming8 ,he was aroused from the      
reverie into which he had fallen by the 
same voice which had at first arrested  
his attention4  ,we must try to become  

acquainted as quickly as possible1 ,mr4 
,dalton1 said ,mrs4 ,beauchamp1 and     
learn to be friends for our children's  
sake4  ,bowing low1 he replied1 ,i have 
already learned from my daughter to know
 and to esteem ,mrs4 ,beauchamp4  ,the  
more ,mr4 ,dalton saw of ,mrs4          
,beauchamp1 the more bewildered he      
became4 ,he fancied what appeared to him
 the strangest impossibilities1 and yet 
he found it impossible to believe that  
there was no ground for his vague       
conjectures4 ,his life had been one of  
incessant toil1 lately one of heavy     
distress and anxious cares1 which had   
frequently sent him to a sleepless      
pillow2 but never had he spent a more   
wakeful night than this1 his first under
 the stately roof which his             
daughter--his darling ,fanny--called    
that of her home4 ,he felt that he could
 not endure another day of this         
uncertainty4 ,he must be satisfied at   
all hazards1 and he resolved to make an 
opportunity1 should such not            

spontaneously present itself4 ,but he   
was spared the necessity2 for after     
breakfast the following morning his     
hostess offered to show him the         
grounds--an offer which1 with his       
desired end in view1 he eagerly         
accepted4 ,they commenced their walk in 
silence1 and seemed as if both were     
suddenly under the influence of some    
secret spell4 ,at last1 in a hoarse     
voice and a constrained manner1 ,mr4    
,dalton abruptly inquired1 ,pray1 madam1
 may ,i ask--though ,i fear the question
 may seem an unceremonious1 perhaps a   
strange one--if you have any relations  
of the name of ,sherwood8  ,he saw her  
start1 as she answered with forced      
composure1 ,yes1 ,mr4 ,dalton1 ,i have4 
,it was indeed my own name before ,i    
married4  ,as she made this avowal1 both
 stood still1 it would seem by a sort of
 tacit1 mutual consent1 and earnestly   
looked at each other4  ,philip ,hayforth
 ,dalton was now a man past the meridian
 of life2 his once handsome and still   

striking countenance was deeply marked  
with lines of sorrow and care1 and his  
dark luxuriant locks were thinned and   
grizzled1 while his features1 which had 
long been schooled to betray no sign of 
emotion of a transient or superficial   
nature1 were now1 as his eyes met those 
of ,mrs4 ,beauchamp's1 convulsed as by  
the working of a strong passion4 ,a     
slight blush tinged ,emily's usually    
pale cheek2 she drew a rapid breath1 and
 her voice faltered perceptibly as she  
said at last1 ,yes1 ,philip ,hayforth1  
,i am ,emily ,sherwood6  ,not           
immediately did he reply either by word 
or look--not till she had asked somewhat
 eagerly1 ,we are friends1 ,mr4         
,dalton--are we not8  ,pride wrestled   
for a minute with the better nature of  
,philip ,hayforth2 but whether it were  
that his self-command was now greater   
than in the fiery and impassioned season
 of youth1 or that it was difficult to  
maintain anger and resentment in the    
gentle1 soothing1 and dignified presence

 in which he now found himself1 ,i      
undertake not to tell2 but certain it is
 that this time at least he crushed the 
old demon down1 and forced himself to   
answer1 though with a formal manner and 
somewhat harsh tone1 ,friends1 ,mrs4    
,beauchamp6 ,certainly1 we are friends1 
if you wish it4 ,your goodness to my    
poor motherless ,fanny has completely   
cancelled all wrongs ever done to       
,fanny's father4 ,let the past be       
forgotten6  ,not so1 if you please1 she 
answered gently1 rather let it be       
explained4 ,mr4 ,dalton1 we are neither 
of us young now1 and have both1 ,i      
trust1 outlived the rashness of youth4  
,never till our mutual truth is made    
mutually clear1 can we be the friends we
 ought to be--the friends ,i wish we    
were for ,edmund's and ,fanny's sake4   
,let us both speak plainly and boldly1  
and without fear of offence on either   
side4 ,i promise1 on mine1 to take none 
at the truth1 whatever it may be4  ,mr4 
,dalton1 as she spoke1 regarded her     

earnestly and wonderingly1 saying1 as   
she finished1 half in reverie1 half     
addressing her1 it would seem1 ,the same
 clear good sense1 the same sweet good  
temper1 which ,i had persuaded myself   
was but the effect of a delusive        
imagination6 ,but ,i entreat your       
pardon1 madam1 and ,i promise as you    
have done4  ,tell me then1 truly1 ,mr4  
,dalton1 why you never answered the last
 letter ,i wrote to you1 or acknowledged
 the receipt of the purse ,i sent8  ,he 
started1 as if he had received a        
pistol-shot2 the formal1 distant ,mr4   
,dalton had disappeared1 and the eager1 
vehement ,philip ,hayforth stood before 
her once more4 ,i did answer it1 ,emily4
 ,out of the fulness of my heart--and   
how full it was ,i cannot tell you      
now--,i answered your letter2 but you1  
,emily1 you never answered mine4        
,indeed ,i never received it4  ,it was  
some minutes after this announcement ere
 either was able to speak1 but at last  
,mr4 ,dalton exclaimed1 ,oh how ,i have 

wronged you8 ,emily1 at this instant ,i 
catch1 as it were1 at the bottom of a   
dark gulf a glimpse of the evil of my   
nature4 ,i begin to believe that ,i have
 cherished a devil in my bosom1 and     
called it by the name of a good angel4  
,emily1 if ,i am not too old to improve1
 you will have been the instrument of my
 improvement4 ,i do not ask you to      
forgive me1 generous woman1 because ,i  
feel that you have already done so4     
,mrs4 ,beauchamp felt what it must have 
cost the proud man to make this         
acknowledgment1 and she honored him for 
the effort4 ,we have both been to blame1
 she said1 and therefore stand in need  
of mutual forgiveness4 ,but it would be 
idle now to lament the past2 rather let 
us rejoice that our friendship1         
re-established on the firm basis of     
perfect confidence1 is cemented by the  
union of our dear children4  ,mr4       
,dalton only answered by offering her   
his arm1 with the kind and familiar     
politeness of an old friend1 as she     

looked a little fatigued1 and they      
walked together some distance in        
silence4 ,at last ,mrs4 ,beauchamp      
inquired1 ,was ,fanny's mother like     
herself8  ,no1 ,emily4 ,my poor dead    
,fanny1 and his voice trembled slightly1
 was very sweet and amiable1 but not at 
all like my living one4  ,your marriage 
was happy then8 ,i am glad of that4  ,i 
should have been the most ungrateful of 
men had it not been so2 and yours too1  
,emily ,i hope----  ,he stopt1 he hardly
 knew why1 while1 with her eyes fixed on
 the ground1 she answered slowly1 ,i am 
happy1 very happy now6  ,a feeling of   
profound respect and admiration held    
,mr4 ,dalton silent for a few seconds1  
and then he said1 in the tone of one who
 expresses an earnest conviction1 ,you  
are the most noble minded woman ,i ever 
knew4  ,mrs4 ,beauchamp made no answer1 
and it was not till they stood together 
in the hall1 that she said in her       
natural tone of kind and calm           
cheerfulness1 ,and now1 ,mr4 ,dalton1   

let us look for ,edmund and ,fanny2 and 
if you please1 in order that they may   
learn of our mistakes that trust is the 
nobler part of love1 we shall tell them 
this story of ,,the ,,lost ,,letter4    
,,life ,,at ,a ,,watering-,,place4      
,,the ,,lionne4  ,by ,charles ,astor    
,bristed4  ,from ,frazer's ,magazine4   
,one day at ,oldport ,springs went off  
pretty much like another4 ,there was the
 same continual whirl1 and flurry1 and  
toiling after pleasure--never an hour of
 repose--scarcely enough cessation for  
the two or three indispensable meals4   
,when they had walked1 and flirted1 and 
played ten-pins1 and driven1 and danced 
all day1 and all night till two in the  
morning1 the women retired to their     
rooms1 and the men retired to the       
gambling-house 7which being an illegal  
establishment had1 on that account1 a   
greater charm in their eyes71 and kept  
it up there till broad daylight2        
notwithstanding which1 they always      
contrived to appear at breakfast a few  

hours after as fresh as ever1 and ready 
to begin the same round of dissipation4 
,indeed it was said that ,tom ,edwards  
and his most ardent followers among the 
boys never went to bed at all1 but on   
their return from fighting the tiger1   
bathed1 changed their linen1 and came   
down to the breakfast-room1 taking the  
night's sleep for granted4 ,it was a    
perpetual scene of excitement1 relieved 
only by the heavy and calm figure of    
,sumner1 who1 silent and unimpassioned1 
largely capacious of meat and drink1 a  
recipient of every diversion1 without   
being excited by any1 went through all  
the bowling1 and riding1 and polking1   
and gambling1 with the gravity of a     
commis performing the national ,french  
dance at the ,mabille4 ,there was much  
rivalry in equipages1 especially between
 ,ludlow1 ,benson1 and ,loewenberg1 who 
drove the three four-in-hands of the    
place1 and emulated one another in      
horses1 harness1 and vehicles--even     
setting up attempts at liveries1 in     

which they found some imitators 7for you
 can't do any thing in ,america1 however
 unpopular1 without being imitated73 and
 every horse1 wagon1 man-servant1 and   
livery1 belonging to every one1 was duly
 chronicled in the ,oldport             
correspondence of the ,sewer and the    
,jacobin1 which journals were wont one  
day to ,billingsgate the mushroom       
aristocracy of wealth1 and the next to  
play ,jenkins for their glorification4  
,le ,roi1 who owned no horses1 and had  
given up dancing as soon as he found    
that there were many of the natives who 
could out-dance him1 and that the late  
hours were bad for his complexion1      
attached himself to any or every married
 lady who was at all distinguished for  
beauty or fortune2 and then went about  
asking1 with an ostentatious air of     
mystery1--,est-ce qu' on parle beaucoup 
de moi et ,madame ,chose8 ,sometimes he 
deigned to turn aside for an heiress2   
and as he was a very amusing and rather 
ornamental man1 the girls were always   

glad to have his company2 but the good  
speculations took care not to fall in   
love with him1 or to give him sufficient
 encouragement 7although a ,frenchman   
does not require a great deal7 to       
justify a declaration on his part4      
,perhaps the legend about the           
mutual-benefit subscription club hurt   
his prospects1 or it may have been his  
limited success in dancing4 ,the same   
reason--as much1 at least1 as the       
assumed one of their vulgarity--kept    
,mr4 ,simpson1 and other birds of his   
set1 out of the exclusive society4 ,for 
dancing was the one great article in the
 code of the fashionables to which all  
other amusements or occupations were    
subordinate4 ,there was a grand         
dress-ball once a week at one or other  
of the hotels1 and two                  
undress-balls--hops they were called3   
but most of the exclusives went to these
 also in full dress1 and both balls and 
hops usually lasted till three or four  
in the morning4 ,then on the off-nights 

our set got up their own little         
extempore balls in the large public     
parlor1 to the music of some volunteer  
pianist1 and when the weather was bad   
they danced in the same place all day2  
when it was good these informal matinees
 did not generally last more than two or
 three hours4 ,then there were serenades
 given about day-break1 by young men who
 were tired of the tiger--nominally to  
some particular ladies1 but virtually1  
of course1 to the whole hotel1 or nearly
 so--and the only music they could      
devise for these occasions were waltzes 
or polkas4 ,ashburner made a calculation
 that1 counting in the serenades1 the   
inhabitants of ,oldport were edified by 
waltz1 polka1 and redowa music 7in those
 days the ,schottisch was not71 eleven  
hours out of the twenty-four1 daily4    
,and at last1 when ,mr4 ,monson1 the    
,cellarius of ,new-,york1 came down with
 various dancing-girls1 native and      
imported1 to give lessons to such       
aspiring young men as might desire it1  

first ,mrs4 ,harrison and other women1  
who1 though wealthy and well-known1 were
 not exactly of us1 used to drop in to  
look at the fun2 and1 finally1 all the  
exclusives1 irresistibly attracted by   
the sound of fiddles and revolving feet1
 thronged the little room up-stairs1    
where the dancing class was assembled1  
and from looking on1 proceeded to join  
in the exercises4 ,ladies1 beaux1 and   
dancing-girls1 were all mingled         
together1 whirling and capering about in
 an apartment fifteen feet square1 which
 hardly gave them room to pass one      
another4 ,benson was the only person who
 entered his protest against the        
proceeding4 ,he declared it was a shame 
that his countrywomen should degrade    
themselves so before foreigners2 but his
 expostulations were only laughed at3   
nor could he even persuade his wife and 
sister-in-law to quit the place1 though 
he stalked off himself in high dudgeon1 
and wrote a letter to the ,episcopal    
,banner1 inveighing against the         

shameless dissipation of the            
watering-places4 ,for ,harry was on very
 good terms with the religious people in
 ,new-,york1 and was professedly a      
religious man1 and had some sort of idea
 that he mixed with the fashionables to 
do them good2 which was much like what  
we sometimes hear of a parson who       
follows the hounds to keep the sportsmen
 from swearing1 and about as successful4
 ,trying with all his might to serve    
,god1 and to live with the exclusives1  
he was in a fair way to get a terrible  
fall between two stools4  ,talking of   
religion brings us naturally to ,sunday1
 which at ,oldport was really required  
as a day of rest4 ,but whether it would 
have been so or not is doubtful1 only   
that the ,puritan habits of the country 
made dancing on that day impossible4 ,it
 was a violation of public opinion1 and 
of the actual law of the land1 which no 
one cared to attempt4 ,the fashionables 
were thus left almost without resource4 
,the young men went off to dine         

somewhere in the vicinity1 not          
unfrequently taking with them some of   
,mr4 ,monson's dancing-girls2 the       
wearied men1 and the women generally1   
were in a sad state of listlessness4    
,some of them literally went to bed and 
slept for the rest of the week2 others1 
in very despair of something to do1 went
 to church and fell asleep there4       
,ashburner took advantage of the lull to
 fill up his journal1 and put down his  
observations on the society about him1  
in which he had remarked some striking  
peculiarities1 apart from the dancing   
mania and other outward and open        
characteristics4  ,the first thing that 
surprised him was the great number of   
misunderstandings and quarrels existing 
among the not very large number of      
people who composed the fashionable set4
 ,they seemed to quarrel with their     
relatives in preference1 as a matter of 
course2 and to admit strangers very     
readily to the privilege of relatives4  
,the ,robinsons were at feud with all   

their cousins3 ,benson with most of his1
 except ,ludlow4 ,ludlow1 ,white1       
,sumner1 every man he knew1 had his set 
of private enemies1 with whom he was not
 on speaking or bowing terms4 ,mrs4     
,harrison1 who was very friendly to most
 of the men1 scarcely spoke to a single 
woman in the place2 but this was1       
perhaps1 only carrying the war into     
,africa1 as the ladies of our set       
generally had intended not to recognize 
her as one of them4 ,these numberless   
feuds made it very difficult to arrange 
an excursion1 or to get up a dinner at  
the restaurant of a colored gentleman1  
whose timely settlement in ,oldport had 
enabled ,mr4 ,grabster's guests to      
escape in some measure the pangs of     
hunger4 ,on studying the cause of these 
disagreeable hostilities1 he found that1
 among relatives1 they were often caused
 by disputes upon money matters2 that   
between persons not related they        
frequently sprung from the most trivial 
sources--frivolous points of etiquette1 

petty squabbles at cards1 imaginary     
jealousies--but that in both cases the  
majority of them could be traced to the 
all-pervading spirit of scandal4 ,his   
purely intellectual education1 if it had
 not made him somewhat of a misogynist1 
had at least prevented him from gaining 
any accurate knowledge or appreciation  
of women3 he set them down en masse as  
addicted to gossip1 and was not         
surprised to find in the ,american      
ladies what he assumed as a             
characteristic of the whole sex4 ,but he
 was surprised to find the same quality 
so prevalent among the men4 ,not that   
they were in the habit of killing       
reputations to give themselves bonnes   
fortunes1 as ,frenchmen might have done 
under similar circumstances2 their      
defamatory gossip was more about men    
than about women1 and seemed to arise   
partly from a general disbelief in      
virtue1 and partly from inability to    
maintain an interesting conversation on 
other than personal topics4 ,and though 

much of this evil speaking was evidently
 prompted by personal enmities1 much    
also of it seemed to originate in no    
hostile feeling at all2 and it was this 
that particularly astonished ,ashburner1
 to find men speaking disparagingly of  
their friends--those who were so in the 
real sense of that much-abused term4    
,thus there could be no reasonable doubt
 that the cousins1 ,benson and ,ludlow1 
were much attached to each other1 and   
fond of each other's society2 that      
either would have been ready to take up 
the other's quarrel1 or endorse his     
notes1 had circumstances required it4   
,yet ,harry could never refrain from    
laughing before third parties at        
,gerard's ignorance of books1 and making
 him the hero of all the ,mrs4          
,malaprop-isms he could pick up or      
invent2 or1 as we have seen1 speaking   
very disrespectfully of the motives     
which had led him to commit matrimony2  
and ,gerard was not slow to make        
corresponding comments on various       

foibles of ,harry4 ,but the spirit of   
detraction was most fully developed in  
men who were not professionally idle1   
but had1 or professed to have1 some     
little business on hand4 ,of this class 
was ,arthur ,sedley1 an old acquaintance
 and groomsman of ,benson1 and a        
barrister--7they are beginning to talk  
about barristers now in ,new-,york1     
though it is a division of labor not    
generally recognized in the country7--of
 some small practice4 ,really well      
educated1 well read1 and naturally      
clever1 his cleverness and knowledge    
were vastly more disagreeable than      
almost any amount of ignorance or       
stupidity could have been4 ,when he cut 
up right and left every man or woman who
 came on the tapis1 his sarcasms were so
 neatly pointed that it was impossible  
to help laughing with him2 but it was   
equally impossible to escape feeling    
that1 as soon as your back was turned1  
he would be laughing at you4 ,riches and
 rich people were the commonest subject 

of his sneers1 yet he lost no           
opportunity of toadying a profitable    
connection1 and was always supposed to  
be on the look-out for some heiress4    
,the next thing which made ,ashburner   
marvel was the extreme youth of the     
fashionable set1 particularly the male  
portion of it2 or1 to speak more        
critically1 the way in which the younger
 members of the set had suppressed their
 elders1 and constituted themselves the 
society4 ,a middle-aged man1            
particularly if1 like ,loewenberg1 he   
happened to be rich1 might be admitted  
to terms of equality1 but the papas and 
mammas were absolutely set aside1 and   
became mere formulas and appendages4    
,the old people were nowhere2 no one    
looked after their comfort in a crowd1  
or consulted them about any arrangement 
till after the arrangement was made4    
,they had no influence and no authority4
 ,when ,miss ,friskin rode a wild colt  
bareheaded through the streets of       
,oldport1 or danced the ,redowa with    

little ,robinson in so very             
chateau-rouge a style that even ,mrs4   
,harrison turned away1 poor ,mrs4       
,friskin could interpose no impediment  
to the young lady's amusement2 and even 
her father1 the respected senior of the 
wealthy firm1 ,friskin  ,co41 who must  
have heard from afar of his daughter's  
vagaries 7for all these things were     
written in the note-book of the ,sewer71
 seemed never to have dreamed of the    
propriety or possibility of coming up to
 ,oldport to put a stop to them4 ,when  
,tom ,edwards was squandering his       
fortune night after night at the        
faro-table1 and his health day after day
 in ceaseless dissipation1 there was no 
old friend of his family who dared to   
give him advice or warning1 for there   
was none to whose advice or warning he  
would have listened4 ,once when         
,ashburner was conversing with ,benson  
on some subject which brought on a      
reference to this inverse order of      
things1 the latter gave his explanation 

of it1 which was to this effect3--  ,the
 number of foreigners among us1 either  
travelling for pleasure or settled for  
purposes of business1 is so great that  
they become an appreciable element in   
our society4 ,it is1 therefore1         
requisite that a fashionable should be  
able to associate easily with           
foreigners2 and for this it is necessary
 that he or she should have some        
knowledge of foreign customs and        
languages1 and1 in the first place1 of  
the ,french language4 ,now1 if we go    
back a generation1 we shall find that   
the men of that day were not educated to
 speak ,french4 ,go into the ,senate    
,chamber at ,washington1 for instance1  
and you will not meet with many of the  
honorable senators who can converse in  
the recognized language of courts4 ,many
 of our most distinguished statesmen and
 diplomats can speak no tongue but their
 own4 ,and to descend to private life1  
with which we have more particularly to 
do1 when a foreigner presents himself   

with his letters at the dwelling of an  
old city merchant or professional man1  
it is generally the younger branches of 
the family who are called on to amuse   
him and play interpreters for the rest4 
,this gives the young people a very     
decided advantage over their elders1 and
 it is not surprising that they have    
become a little vain of it4 ,and        
similarly with regard to foreign        
dresses1 dances1 cookery1 and habits    
generally4 ,the young men1 having been  
the latest abroad1 are the freshest and 
best informed in these things4 ,it does 
not require any great experience or     
wisdom to master them1 only some        
personal grace and aptitude for         
imitation to start with1 and an a plomb 
to which ignorance is more conducive    
than knowledge4 ,hence the standard of  
excellence has become one of superficial
 accomplishment1 and the man of matured 
mind who enters into competition with   
these handsome1 showy1 and illiterate   
boys1 puts himself at a discount4 ,look 

at ,loewenberg4 ,all his literary       
acquirements and artistic tastes 7and he
 really has a great deal of both7 go for
 nothing4 ,the little beaux can speak   
nearly as many languages as he can1 and 
dance and dress better4 ,the only thing 
they can appreciate about him is his    
money1 and the horses and dinners       
consequent thereon4 ,if little          
,robinson1 there1 with his ne plus ultra
 tie and varnished shoes1 were to have  
the same fortune left him to-morrow1 he 
would be the better man of the two1     
because he can polk better1 and because1
 being neither a married man nor the    
agent of a respectable house1 he can    
gamble and do other things which        
,loewenberg's position does not allow   
him to do4  ,this was a great confession
 for ,benson to make against the        
country2 nevertheless1 it was not       
perfectly satisfactory to ,ashburner1   
who thought that it did not explain all 
the phenomena of the case4 ,it seemed to
 him that there was at work a radical   

spirit of insubordination1 and a        
principle of overturning the formerly   
recognized order of domestic rule4 ,the 
little children ate and drank what they 
liked1 went to bed when they liked1 and 
altogether were very independent of     
their natural rulers4 ,benson's boy rode
 rough-shod over his nurse1 bullied his 
mother1 and only deigned to mind his    
father occasionally4 ,the wives ruled   
their husbands despotically1 and acted  
as if they had taken out a patent for   
avenging the inferiority of their sex in
 other parts of the world4 ,benson did  
not like dancing3 he only danced at all 
because he thought it his business to   
know a little of every thing1 and       
because society thought it the duty of  
every young man who was not lame to     
understand the polka4 ,but his wife kept
 him going at every ball for six hours1 
during five of which he was bored to    
death4 ,ludlow1 whose luxurious living  
made violent exercise necessary for his 
health1 and who1 therefore1 delighted in

 fencing1 boxing1 and constitutionals   
that would have tired a ,cantab1 was    
made to drive about ,mrs4 ,ludlow all   
day till he hated the sight of his own  
horses4 ,as to ,mrs4 ,harrison1 she     
treated her husband1 when he made his   
appearance at ,oldport 7which was not   
very often7 as unceremoniously as one   
would an old trunk1 or any other piece  
of baggage which is never alluded to or 
taken notice of except when wanted for  
immediate use4  ,ashburner first met    
this lady a very few days after his     
arrival at ,oldport2 indeed1 she was so 
conspicuous a figure in the place that  
one could not be there long without     
taking notice of her4 ,about mid-day    
there was usually a brief interval      
between the ten-pin bowling and the     
informal dance2 and during one of these 
pauses he perceived on the              
smoking-piazza where ladies seldom      
ventured1 a well-dressed and rather     
handsome woman smoking a cigarette1 and 
surrounded by a group of beaux of all   

sizes1 from men like ,white and ,sumner 
to the little huge-cravated boys in     
their teens4 ,she numbered in her train 
at least half-a-dozen of these          
cavaliers1 and was playing them off     
against one another and managing them   
all at once1 as a circus-rider does his 
four horses1 or a juggler his four      
balls4 ,in a country where beauty is the
 rule rather than the exception1 she was
 not a remarkable beauty--at least1 she 
did not appear such to ,ashburner1 from 
that distance2 nor was her dress1 though
 sufficiently elegant and becoming1     
quite so artistically put on as that of 
,mrs4 ,benson and the other belles of   
the set2 still there was clearly        
something very attractive and striking  
about her1 and he was immediately       
induced to inquire her name1 and1 on    
learning that she was a real lady       
7though not of our set of ladies71 to   
request an introduction to her4 ,but    
,benson1 to whom he first applied1      
instead of jumping at the opportunity   

with his usual readiness to execute or  
anticipate his friend's wishes1 boggled 
exceedingly1 and put off the            
introduction under frivolous and        
evidently feigned pretences4 ,it was so 
uncommon for ,benson to show any        
diffidence in such matters1 and his     
whole air said so plainly1 ,i will do   
this out of friendship for you if you   
wish it1 but for my own part ,i would   
rather not1 that ,ashburner saw there   
was something in the wind1 and let the  
subject drop4 ,ludlow1 to whom he next  
had recourse1 told him1 with the utmost 
politeness but in very decided terms1   
that his family 7he was careful not to  
insist on his own personality in the    
affair7 had not the honor of ,mrs4      
,harrison's acquaintance4 ,the next man 
who happened to come along was ,mr4     
,simpson1 and to him ,ashburner made    
application1 thinking that1 perhaps1 the
 fair smoker might more properly belong 
to the second set1 though so surrounded 
by the beaux of the first4 ,but even    

,simpson1 though the last man in the    
world to be guilty of any superfluous   
delicacy1 hesitated very much1 and made 
some allusion to ,mrs4 ,simpson2 and    
then ,ashburner began to comprehend the 
real state of the case1--that most of   
the married women had declared war      
against ,mrs4 ,harrison1 that she had   
retaliated upon them all1 and that the  
husbands were drawn into their wives'   
quarrels1 and obliged to fight shy of   
her before strangers4 ,it was clear1    
then1 that he must apply to a bachelor2 
and accordingly he waylaid ,sumner1 who 
was too happy to introduce him at once  
in due form4  ,as ,ashburner came up to 
,mrs4 ,harrison she began to play off   
her eyes at him1 and he then perceived  
that they constituted her chief beauty4 
,they were of that deep blue which1 in  
certain lights1 passes for              
black1--large1 expressive1 and pleasing2
 the sort of eyes that go right through 
a man and look him down to nothing4     
,indeed1 they had such effect on him    

that he lost all distinctive idea of her
 other features4 ,her manner1 too1 had  
something very attractive1 though he    
could not have defined wherein it       
consisted4 ,she did not exhibit the     
empressement with which most of her     
countrywomen seek to put a stranger at  
his ease at once2 or the exigence of a  
spoiled lady waiting to be amused2 or   
the haughtiness of a great lady1 who    
does not care if she is amused herself  
and deigns no effort to amuse others4   
,neither did she attack him with        
raillery and irony1 as ,mrs4 ,benson had
 done on their first meeting4 ,but she  
behaved as if she were used to seeing   
men like ,ashburner every day of her    
life1 and was willing to meet them      
half-way and be agreeable to them1 if   
they were so to her1 without taking any 
particular trouble1 for there was no    
appearance of effort to please1 or even 
of any strong desire to please1 in her  
words and gestures2 yet she did please  
and attract very decidedly4  ,so ,i saw 

you in ,mrs4 ,harrison's train6 said    
,benson1 when they next met4  ,yes1 and 
,i fancy ,i know why you hesitated to   
introduce me4  ,as ,ashburner spoke he  
glanced towards the parlor1 where our   
set--,mrs4 ,benson1 of course1          
conspicuous among them--were engaged in 
their ordinary occupation of dancing4   
,oh1 ,i assure you1 madame is not       
disposed to be jealous1 nor am ,i a man 
to take part in women's quarrels4 ,i    
don't like the lady myself1 to begin    
with2 and were ,i a bachelor1 should    
have as little to say to her as ,i have 
now4 ,in the first place she is too     
old----  ,too old6 she cannot be thirty4
  ,of course a lady never is thirty1    
until she is fifty1 at least2 but at any
 rate ,i may say1 without sacrilege1    
that ,mrs4 ,h4 is pretty high up in the 
twenties4 ,now1 at that age a woman     
ought--not to give up society1 that     
would be an absurdity in the other      
extreme1 but--to leave the romping      
dances and the young men to the girls1  

who want them more and whom they become 
better4 ,then ,i don't like her face4   
,you must have taken notice that all the
 upper part of it is fine and           
intellectual1 and she has glorious      
eyes----  ,yes1 said ,ashburner4  ,but  
all the lower part is heavy and         
over-sensuous4 ,now1 not only does this1
 in my opinion1 entirely disfigure a    
woman's looks1 but it suggests          
unpleasant ideas of her character4 ,a   
man may have that ponderous chin and    
voluptuous mouth1 without their         
disturbing the harmony of an otherwise  
handsome face4 ,i do not think a woman  
can2 and as in the physical so in the   
moral4 ,a man can stand a much greater  
amount of sensuousness in his           
composition than a woman4 ,i do not mean
 to allude to the different standards of
 morality for the two sexes admitted by 
society2 for ,i don't admit it1 and     
think it very unjust2 and ,i am proud to
 say that our people generally entertain
 more virtuous as well as more equitable

 views on this point than the           
,europeans4 ,i mean literally that a man
 having so many opportunities for       
leading an active life1 and being able  
to reason himself into or out of a great
 many things to or from which a woman's 
only guide is her feelings1 may be very 
sensuous without its doing any positive 
harm to himself or others2 but with a   
woman1 who is compelled to lead a       
comparatively idle life1 such an element
 predominating in her character is sure 
to bring her into mischief4  ,do you    
mean to say1 then1 that---- and         
,ashburner stopped short1 but his look  
implied the remainder of his interrupted
 question4  ,do you ask me from a       
personal motive8  ,ashburner colored1   
and was proceeding to disclaim any such 
motive with an air of injured innocence4
  ,no1 ,i don't mean any thing of the   
sort1 said ,benson1 who felt that he had
 gone rather too far1 and might         
unintentionally have slandered his      
countrywoman4 ,i believe the lady is as 

pure as--as my wife1 or any one else4   
,the number of her beaux1 and the       
equality with which she treats them1    
prove conclusively to my mind that her  
flirting never runs into any thing      
worse4 ,i don't think a woman runs any  
danger of that kind when she has such a 
lot of cavaliers2 they keep watch on her
 and on one another4 ,i remember when my
 brother lived in town1 he once was away
 from home for two or three weeks1 and  
when he came back an old maid who lived 
in his street1 and used to keep         
religious watch over the goings-out and 
comings-in of every one in the vicinity1
 said to him1 ,how very gay your wife   
is1 ,mr4 ,benson6 she has been walking  
with a different gentleman every day    
since you were gone4' ',dear me6' says  
,carl2 'a different man every day6 ,how 
glad ,i am6 ,if you had told me she was 
walking with the same man every day ,i  
might have been a little scared4' ,but a
 woman may be perfectly chaste herself1 
and yet cause a great deal of           

unchasteness in other people4 ,here is  
this ,mrs4 ,harrison1 smoking           
cigarettes--and cigars1 too1 sometimes1 
in the open air2 drinking grog at night1
 and sometimes in the morning2 letting  
,tom ,edwards and the foolish boys who  
imitate him talk slang to her without   
putting them down2 always ready for a   
walk or drive with the last handsome    
young man who has arrived2 and utterly  
ignoring her husband1 except when she   
makes some slighting mention of him for 
not sending her money enough3 what is   
the effect of all this upon the men8    
,the foreigners2 there are plenty of    
them here every season2 ,i wonder there 
are so few this time3 instead of one    
decent ,frenchman like ,le ,roi1 you    
usually find half-a-dozen disreputable  
ones2 ,englishmen many1 not always of   
the best sort2 ,germans1 ,russians1 and 
,spaniards1 occasionally3 they all are  
inclined to look upon her--especially   
considering her belligerent attitude    
towards the rest of the female          

population--as something tres legere1   
and to attempt to go a little too far   
with her4 ,then she puts them down fast 
enough1 and they in spite say things    
about her1 the discredit of which       
extends to our ladies generally--in     
short1 she exposes the country before   
foreigners4 ,then for the natives1 she  
catches some poor boy just loose upon   
the world1 dances with1 flatters        
him--for she has a knack of flattering  
people without seeming to do so1        
especially by always appearing to take  
an interest in what is said to          
her1--keeps him dangling about her for a
 while2 then some day he says or does   
something to make a fool of himself1 and
 she extinguishes him4 ,the man gets a  
check of this sort at his entry into    
society that is enough to make him a    
misogynist for life4 ,and the little    
scenes that she used to get up last     
summer with married men1 just to make   
their wives jealous6  ,which1 ,i        
suppose1 is the reason none of your     

wives will let you speak to her8 said   
,ashburner1 who began to feel1 he hardly
 knew why1 a sentiment of partisanship  
for ,mrs4 ,harrison4 ,but granting that 
her face1 as you describe it1 is an     
index of her character1 ,i should draw  
from that exactly the opposite          
inference4 ,i believe that the women who
 make mischief in the way you mention   
are your unsensuous and passionless     
ones--that the perfect flirt1 single or 
married1 must be a perfectly cold woman1
 because it is only one of such a       
temperament who can thus trifle with    
others without danger to herself4 ,i    
speak hesitatingly1 for all women are a 
mystery1 and my experience is as yet    
very limited2 but such opportunities of 
observation as have fallen to my lot    
confirm me in the theory4  ,somewhat to 
,ashburner's surprise his friend made no
 attempt to controvert his argument4 ,he
 only turned it aside1 saying1----      
,well1 ,i don't like her1 at any rate4  
,if ,i had no other reason1 the way she 

talks of her husband would be enough to 
make me4  ,oh1 there is a ,mr4          
,harrison1 then8 ,one hears so little of
 him----  ,and sees so nothing of him1  
you may say4  ,exactly--that ,i took him
 for a mythological personage--a cousin 
of our ,mrs4 ,harris4  ,nevertheless ,i 
assure you ,mr4 ,harrison exists very   
decidedly--a ,wall-street speculator1   
and well known as such by business      
people1 a capital man behind a trotter1 
an excellent judge of wine4 ,probably he
 will come here from the city once or   
twice before we leave1 and ,i shall find
 an opportunity to introduce you to him1
 for he is really worth knowing and     
considerable of a man1 as we say--no    
fool at all1 except in the way he lets  
his wife bully him4  ,if he made an     
unsuitable match that does not show his 
wisdom conspicuously4  ,it was an       
unsuitable match enough1 ,heaven knows6 
,but when he proposed he was in the     
state of mind in which sensible people  
do the most foolish things4 ,he was a   

great man in stocks--controlled the     
market at one time--had been buying     
largely just before the election of     
'#dd1 when we all expected ,henry ,clay 
would get in with plenty to spare4 ,when
 ,polk was elected1 great was the terror
 of all respectable citizens4 ,my       
brother caught such a fright then that  
,i don't think he has fairly recovered  
from it to this day4 ,how the stocks did
 tumble down6 ,harrison had about nine  
millions on his hands2 he couldn't keep 
such a fund1 and was forced to sell at  
any price1 and lost just one third4     
,just as he was beginning to pick       
himself up after the shock and wonder1  
like the sailor whom the conjurer blew  
up1 what was to come next8 ,mr4 ,whitey 
of the ,jacobin1 now the honorable      
,pompey ,whitey--and one doesn't see why
 he shouldn't be1 for after all an      
editor is not1 generally speaking1 a    
greater blackguard than most of our     
,congressmen--,whitey1 ,i say1 who for  
our sins is nominally attached to the   

,conservative party1 conceived the      
bright idea of overbidding the enemy for
 popular favor1 and proposed--no1 he    
didn't actually propose in so many      
words1 but only strongly hinted at the  
desirableness of the measure--that there
 should be no more paying rent1 and a   
general division of property4 ,i am not 
sure but there were some additional     
suggestions on the expediency of        
abolishing the ,christian religion and  
the institution of matrimony1 but that  
has nothing to do with politics4 ,this  
last drop in the bucket quite overflowed
 poor ,harrison2 so1 as if he had said  
to himself1 ,let us eat and drink and   
get married1 for to-morrow we shall have
 a proscription and novae tabulae1 he   
rushed off and proposed to ,miss        
,macintyre4  ,then1 if she accepted him 
after he lost his fortune1 it shows she 
did not marry for money1 at any rate4   
,there you have missed it4 ,he lost the 
whole of a fortune1 but not the whole of
 his4 ,he must have a million of dollars

 left1 and a man with that is not poor  
in any country--certainly it was a great
 catch for ,miss ,macintyre1 without a  
red cent of her own4 ,she jilted a      
,frenchman for him3 the unfortunate1 or 
fortunate cast-off had ordered much     
jewelry and other wedding presents1 and 
when left in the lurch he quietly       
proposed that1 as he had no longer any  
use for the articles1 ,harrison1 who    
had1 should take them off his hands2 and
 this offer was accepted4 ,very ,french 
in him to make it--don't you think      
so8--and rather ,american in the other  
to take it4 ,well1 ,i hope ,harrison    
will come this way soon2 ,i should      
really like you to know him4  ,one or   
two days after this conversation        
,ashburner met his friend walking up and
 down the interminable piazza of the    
,bath ,hotel1 arm-in-arm with a         
middle-aged man1 who presented as great 
a contrast to ,benson's usual           
associates1 and to ,benson himself1 as  
could well be imagined4 ,the new-comer  

was short of stature and square-built1  
rather ugly1 and any thing but graceful2
 he wore very good clothes1 but they    
were badly put on1 and looked as if they
 had never undergone the brush since    
leaving the tailor's hands2 he wore no  
gloves1 and in short had altogether an  
unfashionable appearance4 ,but though   
indubitably an unfashionable man1 he did
 not give you the impression of a vulgar
 one2 there was nothing snobbish or     
pretentious in his ugliness1 and his    
cavernous black eye could have belonged 
only to an intelligent and able man4    
,benson was joking or pressing upon him 
some matter which he seemed unwilling to
 explain4  ,but do tell me1 said ,harry1
 as they passed ,ashburner1 what have   
you been doing to yourself8 ,sprained   
your finger by working too hard the     
night before last packet day8 or tumbled
 down from running too fast in          
,wall-street1 and not thinking which way
 you were going8 ,and he took in his own
 delicate white hand the rough paw of   

the stranger1 which was partly bound up 
as if suffering from some recent injury4
  ,if you must know1 said the other1    
stopping short his walk1 ,i broke my    
knuckles on an ,irish hackman's teeth4  
,last week the fellow drove me from the 
,north ,river boat to my house in ,union
 ,square1 and ,i offered him            
seventy-five cents4 ,he was very        
insolent and demanded a dollar4 ,if ,i  
had had a dollar-note about me ,i might 
have given it to him1 but it happened   
that ,i had only the six shillings in   
change2 and so1 knowing that was two    
shillings more than his legal fare1 ,i  
became as positive as he4 ,at last he   
seized my trunk1 and then ,i could not  
resist the temptation of giving him a   
left-hander that sent him clean down the
 steps into the gutter4  ,and then8  ,he
 made a great bawling1 and was beginning
 to draw a crowd about the house1 when  
,i walked off to the nearest            
police-station2 and as it turned out    
that my gentleman was known as a        

troublesome character1 they threatened  
to take away his license and have him   
sent to ,blackwell's ,island if he      
didn't keep quiet2 so he was too glad to
 make himself scarce4  ,by ,jove1 you   
deserve a testimonial from the city6 ,i 
once got twenty dollars damages from an 
omnibus-driver for running into my      
brougham1 knocking off a wheel1 and     
dumping my wife and child into the      
street2 and ,i thought it was a great   
exploit1 but this performance of yours  
throws me into the shade4  ,just then   
,benson caught sight of ,ashburner1 and 
excusing himself to the other1 rushed up
 to him4  ,let me tell you now1 before  
,i forget it4 ,we are going over to the 
glen to-morrow to dine1 and in fact     
spend the day there4 ,you'll come1 of   
course8  ,with great pleasure1 said     
,ashburner2 but pray don't let me take  
you away from your friend4  ,oh1 that's 
only ,harrison4  ,we meant1 of course1  
our set1 with such foreign lions as the 
place afforded1 foremost among whom     

stood ,ashburner and ,le ,roi4 ,benson1 
,ludlow1 and some of the other married  
men undertook to arrange it1 always     
under the auspices of the ,robinsons4   
,these ,robinsons were evidently the    
leaders in every movement of the        
fashionables1 but why they were so was  
not so clear--at least1 to ,ashburner1  
though he had abundant opportunities of 
studying the whole family4 ,there was a 
father in some kind of business1 who    
occupied the usual position of          
,new-,york fathers2 that is to say1 he  
made the money for the rest of the      
family to spend1 and showed himself at  
,oldport once a fortnight or            
so--possibly to pay the bills4 ,there   
was a mother1 stout and good-humored1   
rather vulgar1 very fussy1 and no end of
 a talker3 she always reminded          
,ashburner of an ex-lady-mayoress4      
,there were three or four young men1    
sons and cousins1 with the usual amount 
of white tie and the ordinary dexterity 
in the polka2 and two daughters1 both   

well out of their teens4 ,the knowing   
ones said that one of these young ladies
 was to have six thousand a year by her 
grandfather's will1 and the other little
 or nothing2 but it was not generally   
understood which was the heiress1 and   
the old lady manoeuvred with them as if 
both were4 ,this fact1 however1 was not 
sufficient to account for their rank as 
belles1 since there were several other  
girls in their circle quite as well1 or 
better off4 ,nor had their wit or talent
 any share in giving them their         
position2 on the contrary1 people used  
to laugh at the betises of the          
,robinsons1 and make them the butt of   
real or imaginary good stories4 ,and1 in
 point of birth1 they were not related  
to the ,van ,hornes1 the ,bensons1 the  
,vanderlyns1 or any of the old ,dutch   
settlers2 nor like ,white ,ludlow1 and  
others of their set1 sprung from the    
,british families of long standing in   
the city4 ,on the very morning of the   
proposed excursion ,sedley was sneering 

at them for parvenus1 and trying to     
amuse ,ashburner at their expense with  
some ridiculous stories about them4     
,and yet1 said the ,englishman1 these   
people are your leaders of fashion4 ,you
 can't do any thing without them4 ,they 
are the head of this excursion that we  
are just going upon4 ,benson tells me   
the ,robinsons are to be there1 as if   
that settled the propriety and          
desirability of my being there also4    
,as to that1 replied ,sedley1           
fashionable society is a vast absurdity 
anywhere1 and it is only natural that   
absurd people should be at the head of  
it4 ,the ,robinsons want to be          
fashionable--it is their only           
ambition--they try hard for it2 and it  
is generally the case that those who    
devote themselves to any pursuit have   
some success in it1 and only right that 
it should be so4 ,then they are         
hopelessly good-natured folks1 that you 
can't insult or quarrel with4 ,sedley   
had so little of this quality himself   

that he looked on the possession of it  
as a weakness rather than a virtue4     
,then they are very fond of good living4
  ,yes1 ,i remember hearing ,benson say 
that he always liked to feed ,mrs4      
,robinson at a ball1--it was a perfect  
pleasure to see her eat2 and that when  
,loewenberg1 in the pride of his heart1 
gave a three-days' dejeuner1 or lunch1  
or whatever it was1 after his marriage1 
she was seen there three times each day4
  ,and he might have told you that they 
are as liberal of their own good things 
as fond of those of others4 ,old        
,robinson has some first-rate ,madeira1 
better by a long chalk than that        
,vanderlyn ,sercial that ,harry ,benson 
is always cramming down your            
throat--metaphorically1 ,i mean1 not    
literally4 ,the young men like to drop  
in there of an evening1 for they are    
sure to find a good supper and plenty of
 materials ready for punch and polka4   
,then they always manage to catch the   
newest lions4 ,when ,i first saw you in 

their carriage along-side of ,miss      
,julia1 ,i said to myself1 ,that        
,englishman must be somebody1 or the    
,robinsons would not have laid hold of  
him so soon4 ,but their two seasons in  
,paris were the making of them1--and the
 unmaking1 too1 in another sense2 for   
they ate such a hole in their           
fortune--or1 rather1 their ,french      
guests did for them--that it has never  
recovered its original dimensions to    
this day4 ,they took a grand hotel1 and 
gave magnificent balls1 and filled their
 rooms with the ,parisian aristocracy4  
,my uncle1 who is an habitue of ,paris1 
was at the ,jockey ,club one day1 and   
heard two exquisites talking about them4
 ,connaissez-vous ce ,monsieur          
,robinson8 asked one4 ,est-ce que je le 
connais6 replied the other1 shrugging   
his shoulders4 ,je mange ses diners1 je 
danse a ses bals2 v'la tout4 ,voila     
tout1 indeed6 ,that is just all our     
people get by keeping open house for    
foreigners4  ,just then ,benson and     

,ludlow came up1 the former under much  
excitement1 and the latter in a sad     
state of profanity4 ,as they both       
insisted on talking at once1 it was some
 time before either was intelligible2 at
 length ,ashburner made out that the    
excursion had met with a double check4  
,in the first place1 all the bachelors  
had demanded that ,mrs4 ,harrison should
 be of the party1 in which they were    
sustained by ,loewenberg1 who1 though   
partly naturalized by his marriage1     
still considered himself sufficiently a 
stranger to be above all spirit of      
clique4 ,all the other married men had  
objected1 but the ,harrisonites         
ultimately carried their point4 ,of the 
two principal opponents1 ,ludlow was    
fairly talked off his feet by the       
voluble patois of ,loewenberg1 and      
,benson completely put down by the      
laconic and inflexible ,sumner4 ,so far 
so bad1 but worse was to follow2 for    
after the horses had been ordered1 and  
most of the ladies1 including the       

,robinsons1 bonneted and shawled for the
 start1 the lionne1 who had1 doubtless1 
heard of the unsuccessful attempt to    
blackball her1 and wished to make a     
further trial of her power1 suddenly    
professed a headache1 whereupon her     
partisans almost unanimously declared   
that1 as she couldn't go1 they didn't   
want to go2 and thus the whole affair   
had fallen through4 ,such was the       
substance of their melancholy           
intelligence1 which they had hardly     
finished communicating when a dea ex    
machina appeared in the person of ,mrs4 
,benson4 ,she declared that it was a    
shame1 and too bad1 and she had never1  
c42 and brought her remarks to a        
practical conclusion by vowing that she 
would go1 at any rate1 whoever chose to 
stay with that woman2 and if no one else
 goes with us ,i'm sure ,mr4 ,ashburner 
will3 at which ,ashburner was fain to   
express his readiness to follow her to  
the end of the world1 if necessary4     
,then she followed up her advantage by  

sending a message to ,sumner1 which took
 him captive immediately2 and as she was
 well seconded by the ,robinsons1 who on
 their part had brought over ,le ,roi1  
the party was soon reorganized pretty   
much on its original footing4 ,when the 
cause of all the trouble found herself  
likely to be left in a minority her     
headache vanished immediately1 in time  
for her to secure beaux enough to fill  
her barouche1 and ,mr4 ,harrison was put
 into a carriage with the musicians4    
,mrs4 ,benson's vehicle was equally well
 filled2 and ,harry1 who1 by his wife's 
orders1 and much against his own will1  
had lent his wagon and ponies to a young
 ,southerner that was doing the amiable 
to ,miss ,vanderlyn1 had nothing left   
for it but to go on horseback2 in which 
,ashburner undertook to join him1 having
 heard that there was a good bit of turf
 on the road to the glen4  ,if you go   
that way1 said ,mrs4 ,robinson1 when he 
announced his intention1 you will have  
another companion4 ,mr4 ,edwards means  

to ride4  ,ashburner had seen ,edwards  
driving a magnificent trotter about     
,oldport1 but could not exactly fancy   
him outside of a horse1 and conjectured 
that he would not make quite so good a  
figure as when leading the redowa down a
 long ball-room4 ,but the hero of the   
dance was not forthcoming for some time1
 so they mounted1 ,benson his pet       
,charlie1 and the ,englishman the best  
horse the stables of ,oldport could     
furnish1 which it is hardly necessary to
 say was not too good a one1 and were   
leaving the village leisurely to give   
the carriages a good start of them1 when
 they heard close behind the patter of a
 light-stepping horse1 and the next     
moment ,tom ,edwards ranged up along    
side4 ,the little man rode a bright bay 
mare1 rising above fifteen hands1 nearly
 full-blooded1 but stepping steadily and
 evenly1 without any of that fidget and 
constant change of gait which renders so
 many blood-horses any thing but        
agreeable to ride1 and carrying her head

 and tail to perfection4 ,he wore white 
cord trousers1 a buff waistcoat1 and a  
very natty white hair-cloth cap4 ,his   
coat was something between a summer sack
 and a cutaway1--the color1 a rich green
 of some peculiar and indescribable     
shade4 ,his spurs were very small1 but  
highly polished2 and1 instead of a whip1
 he carried a little red cane with a    
carved ivory head4 ,in his marvellously 
fitting white buckskin glove he managed 
a rein of some mysterious substance that
 looked like a compound of india-rubber 
and sea-weed4 ,he sat his mare          
beautifully--with a little too much aim 
at effect1 perhaps2 but gracefully and  
firmly at the same time4 ,ashburner     
glanced at his own poor beast and wished
 for ,daredevil1 whose antics he had    
frequently controlled with great success
 at ,devilshoof2 and ,benson could not  
help looking a little mortified1 for    
,charlie was not very well off for tail1
 and had recollections of his harness   
days1 which made him drop his head at   

times and pull like a steam engine2     
besides which1 ,harry--partly1 perhaps1 
from motives of economy1 partly1 as he  
said1 because he thought it snobbish to 
ride in handsome toggery--always mounted
 in the oldest clothes he had1 and with 
a well-used bridle and saddle4 ,but     
there was no help for it now1 so off the
 three went together at a fair trot1 and
 soon overtook most of the party1       
,edwards putting his spurs into the bay 
mare and showing off her points and his 
horsemanship at every successive vehicle
 they passed4  ,the piece of turf which 
,benson had promised his friend was not 
quite so smooth as ,newmarket heath1 but
 it was more than three-quarters of a   
mile long1 and sufficiently level to be 
a great improvement on the heavy and    
sandy road4 ,so unaccustomed1 however1  
are ,americans to riding on grass1 that 
,edwards could not be persuaded to quit 
the main path until ,benson had         
repeatedly challenged him to a trot on  
the green4 ,as soon as the two horses   

were fairly along-side they went off1   
without waiting the signal from their   
riders1 at a pace which kept ,ashburner 
at a hand-gallop4 ,for awhile they were 
neck-and-neck1 ,benson and ,charlie     
hauling against each other1 the rider   
with his weight thrown back in the      
stirrups and laboring to keep his fast  
crab from breaking1 while the mare      
struck out beautifully with a moderate  
pull of the rein4 ,then as ,benson1 who 
carried no whip1 began to get his horse 
more in hand1 he raised a series of     
yells in true jockey fashion1 to        
encourage his own animal and to break up
 ,edwards's4 ,the mare skipped--,tom    
caught her in an instant1 but she fell  
off in her stroke from being held up1   
and ,charlie headed her a length2 then  
he gave her her head1 and she           
broke--once1 twice1 three times2 and    
every time ,benson drew in his horse1   
who was now well settled down to his    
work1 and waited for ,edwards to come   
on4 ,at last1 his mare and he both lost 

their tempers at once4 ,she started for 
a run1 and he dropped the reins on her  
back and let her go4 ,at the same       
instant ,benson stuck both spurs into   
,charlie1 who was a rare combination of 
trotter and runner1 and away went the   
two at full gallop4 ,ashburner's hack   
was left behind at once1 but he could   
see them going on close together1       
tooling their horses capitally2         
,edwards's riding1 being the more       
graceful1 and ,benson's the more        
workmanlike2 the mare leading a trifle1 
as he thought1 and ,charlie pressing her
 close4 ,suddenly ,edwards waved his    
cane as in triumph1 but the next moment 
he and his mare disappeared1 as if the  
earth had swallowed them up1 while      
,benson's horse sheered off ten feet to 
the left4     ,,to ,,one ,,in           
,,affliction4  ,by ,john ,r4 ,thompson4 
,from the ,southern ,literary           
,messenger4       ,dear friend6 if word 
of mine could seal       ,the bitter    
fount of all thy tears1       ,and1     

through the future's cloudy years1      
,some glimpse of sunshine yet reveal--  
,that word ,i might not dare to speak3  
,a father's sorrow o'er his child       
,so sacred seems and undefiled1     ,to 
bid it cease we may not seek4      ,thy 
little boy has passed away       ,from  
mortal sight and mortal love1       ,to 
join the shining choir above     ,and   
dwell amid the perfect day2      ,all   
robed in spotless innocence1       ,and 
fittest for celestial things1           
,o'ershadowed by her rustling wings     
,the angel softly led him hence3        
,as pure as if the gentle rain       ,of
 his baptismal morn had sought          
,his bosom's depths1 and e'ery thought  
,had sweetly cleansed from earthly      
stain3      ,such blest assurance       
brings1 ,i know1       ,to bleeding     
hearts but sad relief--       ,the dark 
and troubled tide of grief     ,must    
have its ebb and flow--      ,and most  
of all when thou dost plod1             
,alone1 upon these wintry days1         

,along the old familiar ways            
,wherein his little feet have trod4     
,and thou dost treasure up his words1   
,the fragments of his earnest talk1     
,on some remembered morning walk1       
,when1 at the song of earliest birds1   
,he'd ask of thee1 with charmed look1   
,and smile upon his features spread1    
,whose careful hand the birds had fed1  
,and filled the ever-running brook8     
,or viewing1 from the distant glade1    
,the dim horizon round his home1        
,with simplest speech and air would come
     ,and ask why were the mountains    
made8      ,be strong1 my friend1 these 
days of doom       ,are but the threads 
of darkest hue1       ,that daily enter 
to renew     ,the warp of the ,eternal  
,loom4      ,and when to us it shall be 
given       ,in joy to see the other    
side       ,these threads the brightest 
shall abide     ,in the fair tapestries 
of ,heaven6     ,,my ,,novel3  ,,or1    
,,varieties ,,in ,,english ,,life4  ,by 
,pisistratus ,caxton4  ,continued from  

page #dba4  ,from ,blackwood's ,magazine
   ,,part ,,vi4--,,chapter ,,xiii4      
,whatever may be the ultimate success of
 ,miss ,jemima ,hazeldean's designs upon
 ,dr4 ,riccabocca1 the ,machiavellian   
sagacity with which the ,italian had    
counted upon securing the services of   
,lenny ,fairfield was speedily and      
triumphantly established by the result4 
,no voice of the ,parson's1 charmed he  
ever so wisely1 could persuade the      
peasant boy to go and ask pardon of the 
young gentleman1 to whom1 because he had
 done as he was bid1 he owed an         
agonizing defeat and a shameful         
incarceration4 ,and1 to ,mrs4 ,dale's   
vexation1 the widow took the boy's part4
 ,she was deeply offended at the unjust 
disgrace ,lenny had undergone in being  
put in the stocks2 she shared his pride1
 and openly approved his spirit4 ,nor   
was it without great difficulty that    
,lenny could be induced to resume his   
lessons at school2 nay1 even to set foot
 beyond the precincts of his mother's   

holding4 ,the point of the school at    
last he yielded1 though sullenly2 and   
the ,parson thought it better to        
temporize as to the more unpalatable    
demand4 ,unluckily ,lenny's             
apprehensions of the mockery that       
awaited him in the merciless world of   
his village were realized4 ,though      
,stirn at first kept his own counsel1   
the ,tinker blabbed the whole affair4   
,and after the search instituted for    
,lenny on the fatal night1 all attempt  
to hush up what had passed would have   
been impossible4 ,so then ,stirn told   
his story1 as the ,tinker had told his  
own2 both tales were very unfavorable to
 ,leonard ,fairfield4 ,the pattern boy  
had broken the ,sabbath1 fought with his
 betters1 and been well mauled into the 
bargain2 the village lad had sided with 
,stirn and the authorities in spying out
 the misdemeanors of his equals2        
therefore ,leonard ,fairfield1 in both  
capacities of degraded pattern boy and  
baffled spy1 could expect no mercy2--he 

was ridiculed in the one1 and hated in  
the other4  ,it is true that1 in the    
presence of the schoolmaster1 and under 
the eye of ,mr4 ,dale1 no one openly    
gave vent to malignant feelings2 but the
 moment those checks were removed1      
popular persecution began4  ,some       
pointed and mowed at him2 some cursed   
him for a sneak1 and all shunned his    
society2 voices were heard in the       
hedgerows1 as he passed through the     
village at dusk1 ,who was put in the    
stocks8--baa6 ,who got a bloody nob for 
playing spy to ,nick ,stirn8--baa6 ,to  
resist this species of aggression would 
have been a vain attempt for a wiser    
head and a colder temper than our poor  
pattern boy's4 ,he took his resolution  
at once1 and his mother approved it2 and
 the second or third day after ,dr4     
,riccabocca's return to the ,casino1    
,lenny ,fairfield presented himself on  
the terrace with a little bundle in his 
hand4 ,please1 sir1 said he to the      
,doctor1 who was sitting cross-legged on

 the balustrade1 with his red silk      
umbrella over his head4  ,please1 sir1  
if you'll be good enough to take me now1
 and give me any hole to sleep in1 ,i'll
 work for your honor night and day2 and 
as for the wages1 mother says 'just suit
 yourself1 sir4'  ,my child1 said the   
,doctor1 taking ,lenny by the hand1 and 
looking at him with the sagacious eye of
 a wizard1 ,i knew you would come6 and  
,giacomo is already prepared for you6   
,as to wages1 we'll talk of them        
by-and-by4  ,lenny being thus settled1  
his mother looked for some evenings on  
the vacant chair1 where he had so long  
sate in the place of her beloved ,mark2 
and the chair seemed so comfortless and 
desolate1 thus left all to itself1 that 
she could bear it no longer4  ,indeed   
the village had grown as distasteful to 
her as to ,lenny--perhaps more so2 and  
one morning she hailed the ,steward as  
he was trotting his hog-maned cob beside
 the door1 and bade him tell the ,squire
 that she would take it very kind if he 

would let her off the six months' notice
 for the land and premises she          
held--there were plenty to step into the
 place at a much better rent4  ,you're a
 fool1 said the good-natured ,steward2  
and ,i'm very glad you did not speak to 
that fellow ,stirn instead of to me4    
,you've been doing extremely well here1 
and have the place1 ,i may say1 for     
nothing4  ,nothin' as to rent1 sir1 but 
a great deal as to feeling1 said the    
widow4 ,and now ,lenny has gone to work 
with the foreign gentleman1 ,i should   
like to go and live near him4  ,ah1     
yes--,i heard ,lenny had taken himself  
off to the ,casino--more fool he2 but1  
bless your heart1 'tis no distance--two 
miles or so4 ,can't he come home every  
night after work8  ,no1 sir1 exclaimed  
the widow almost fiercely2 he shan't    
come home here1 to be called bad names  
and jeered at6--he whom my dead good man
 was so fond and proud of4 ,no1 sir2 we 
poor folks have our feelings1 as ,i said
 to ,mrs4 ,dale1 and as ,i will say to  

the ,squire hisself4 ,not that ,i don't 
thank him for all favors--he be a good  
gentleman if let alone2 but he says he  
won't come near us till ,lenny goes and 
axes pardin4 ,pardin for what1 ,i should
 like to know8 ,poor lamb6 ,i wish you  
could ha' seen his nose1 sir--as big as 
your two fists4 ,ax pardin6 ,if the     
,squire had had such a nose as that1 ,i 
don't think it's pardin he'd been ha'   
axing4 ,but ,i let's the passion get the
 better of me--,i humbly beg you'll     
excuse it1 sir4 ,i'm no scollard1 as    
poor ,mark was1 and ,lenny would have   
been1 if the ,lord had not visited us   
otherways4 ,therefore just get the      
,squire to let me go as soon as may be2 
and as for the bit o' hay and what's on 
the grounds and orchard1 the new-comer  
will no doubt settle that4  ,the        
,steward1 finding no eloquence of his   
could induce the widow to relinquish her
 resolution1 took her message to the    
,squire4 ,mr4 ,hazeldean1 who was indeed
 really offended at the boy's obstinate 

refusal to make the amende honorable to 
,randal ,leslie1 at first only bestowed 
a hearty curse or two on the pride and  
ingratitude both of mother and son4 ,it 
may be supposed1 however1 that his      
second thoughts were more gentle1 since 
that evening1 though he did not go      
himself to the widow1 he sent his       
,harry4 ,now1 though ,harry was         
sometimes austere and brusque enough on 
her own account1 and in such business as
 might especially be transacted between 
herself and the cottagers1 yet she never
 appeared as the delegate of her lord   
except in the capacity of a             
herald-of-peace and mediating angel4 ,it
 was with good heart1 too1 that she     
undertook this mission1 since1 as we    
have seen1 both mother and son were     
great favorites of hers4 ,she entered   
the cottage with the friendliest beam in
 her bright blue eye1 and it was with   
the softest tone of her frank cordial   
voice that she accosted the widow4 ,but 
she was no more successful than the     

,steward had been4 ,the truth is1 that  
,i don't believe the haughtiest duke in 
the three kingdoms is really so proud as
 your plain ,english rural peasant1 nor 
half so hard to propitiate and deal with
 when his sense of dignity is ruffled4  
,nor are there many of my own literary  
brethren 7thin-skinned creatures though 
we are7 so sensitively alive to the     
,public ,opinion1 wisely despised by    
,dr4 ,riccabocca1 as the same peasant4  
,he can endure a good deal of contumely 
sometimes1 it is true1 from his         
superiors1 7though1 thank ,heaven6 that 
he rarely meets with unjustly27 but to  
be looked down upon1 and mocked1 and    
pointed at by his own equals--his own   
little world--cuts him to the soul4 ,and
 if you can succeed in breaking his     
pride1 and destroying this              
sensitiveness1 then he is a lost being4 
,he can never recover his self-esteem1  
and you have chucked him half way--a    
stolid1 inert1 sullen victim--to the    
perdition of the prison or the          

convict-ship4  ,of this stuff was the   
nature both of the widow and her son4   
,had the honey of ,plato flowed from the
 tongue of ,mrs4 ,hazeldean1 it could   
not have turned into sweetness the      
bitter spirit upon which it descended4  
,but ,mrs4 ,hazeldean1 though an        
excellent woman1 was rather a bluff1    
plain-spoken one--and1 after all1 she   
had some little feeling for the son of a
 gentleman1 and a decayed fallen        
gentleman1 who1 even by ,lenny's        
account1 had been assailed without any  
intelligible provocation2 nor could she1
 with her strong common sense1 attach   
all the importance which ,mrs4          
,fairfield did to the unmannerly        
impertinence of a few young cubs1 which 
she said truly1 would soon die away if  
no notice was taken of it4 ,the widow's 
mind was made up1 and ,mrs4 ,hazeldean  
departed--with much chagrin and some    
displeasure4  ,mrs4 ,fairfield1 however1
 tacitly understood that the request she
 had made was granted1 and early one    

morning her door was found locked--the  
key left at a neighbor's to be given to 
the ,steward2 and1 on farther inquiry1  
it was ascertained that her furniture   
and effects had been removed by the     
errand-cart in the dead of the night4   
,lenny had succeeded in finding a       
cottage1 on the road-side1 not far from 
the ,casino2 and there1 with a joyous   
face1 he waited to welcome his mother to
 breakfast1 and show how he had spent   
the night in arranging her furniture4   
,parson6 cried the ,squire1 when all    
this news came upon him1 as he was      
walking arm-in-arm with ,mr4 ,dale to   
inspect some proposed improvement in the
 ,alms-house1 this is all your fault4   
,why did not you go and talk to that    
brute of a boy1 and that dolt of a      
woman8 ,you've got 'soft sawder enough1'
 as ,frank calls it in his new-fashioned
 slang4  ,as if ,i had not talked myself
 hoarse to both6 said the ,parson in a  
tone of reproachful surprise at the     
accusation4 ,but it was in vain6 ,o     

,squire1 if you had taken my advice     
about the stocks--quieta non movere6    
,bother6 said the ,squire4 ,i suppose ,i
 am to be held up as a tyrant1 a ,nero1 
a ,richard the ,third1 or a ,grand      
,inquisitor1 merely for having things   
smart and tidy6 ,stocks indeed6--your   
friend ,rickeybockey said he was never  
more comfortable in his life--quite     
enjoyed sitting there4 ,and what did not
 hurt ,rickeybockey's dignity 7a very   
gentlemanlike man he is1 when he        
pleases7 ought to be no such great      
matter to ,master ,leonard ,fairfield4  
,but 'tis no use talking6 ,what's to be 
done now8 ,the woman must not starve2   
and ,i'm sure she can't live out of     
,rickeybockey's wages to ,lenny--7by the
 way1 ,i hope he don't board him upon   
his and ,jackeymo's leavings3 ,i hear   
they dine upon newts and                
sticklebacks--faugh67 ,i'll tell you    
what1 ,parson1 now ,i think of it--at   
the back of the cottage which she has   
taken there are some fields of capital  

land just vacant4 ,rickeybockey wants to
 have 'em1 and sounded me as to the rent
 when he was at the ,hall4 ,i only half 
promised him the refusal4 ,and he must  
give up four or five acres of the best  
land round the cottage to the           
widow--just enough for her to           
manage--and she can keep a dairy4 ,if   
she want capital1 ,i'll lend her some in
 your name--only don't tell ,stirn2 and 
as for the rent--we'll talk of that when
 we see how she gets on1 thankless      
obstinate jade that she is6 ,you see1   
added the ,squire1 as if he felt there  
was some apology due for this generosity
 to an object whom he professed to      
consider so ungrateful1 her husband was 
a faithful servant1 and so--,i wish you 
would not stand there staring me out of 
countenance1 but go down to the woman at
 once1 or ,stirn will have let the land 
to ,rickeybockey1 as sure as a gun4 ,and
 hark ye1 ,dale1 perhaps you can        
contrive1 if the woman is so cursedly   
stiff-backed1 not to say the land is    

mine1 or that it is any favor ,i want to
 do her--or1 in short1 manage it as you 
can for the best4 ,still even this      
charitable message failed4 ,the widow   
knew that the land was the ,squire's1   
and worth a good ,l#c an acre4 ,she     
thanked him humbly for that and all     
favors2 but she could not afford to buy 
cows1 and she did not wish to be        
beholden to any one for her living4 ,and
 ,lenny was well off at ,mr4            
,rickeybockey's1 and coming on          
wonderfully in the garden way--and she  
did not doubt she could get some        
washing2 at all events1 her haystack    
would bring in a good bit of money1 and 
she should do nicely1 thank their       
honors4  ,nothing farther could be done 
in the direct way1 but the remark about 
the washing suggested some mode of      
indirectly benefiting the widow4 ,and a 
little time afterwards1 the sole        
laundress in that immediate neighborhood
 happening to die1 a hint from the      
,squire obtained from the landlady of   

the inn opposite the ,casino such custom
 as she had to bestow1 which at times   
was not inconsiderable4 ,and what with  
,lenny's wages1 7whatever that          
mysterious item might be17 the mother   
and son contrived to live without       
exhibiting any of those physical signs  
of fast and abstinence which ,riccabocca
 and his valet gratuitously afforded to 
the student in animal anatomy4          
,,chapter ,,xiv4  ,of all the wares and 
commodities in exchange and barter1     
wherein so mainly consists the          
civilization of our modern world1 there 
is not one which is so carefully        
weighed--so accurately measured--so     
plumbed and gauged--so doled and        
scraped--so poured out in minima and    
balanced with scruples--as that         
necessary of social commerce called an  
apology6 ,if the chemists were half so  
careful in vending their poisons1 there 
would be a notable diminution in the    
yearly average of victims to arsenic and
 oxalic acid4 ,but1 alas1 in the matter 

of apology1 it is not from the excess of
 the dose1 but the timid1 niggardly1    
miserly manner in which it is dispensed1
 that poor humanity is hurried off to   
the ,styx6 ,how many times does a life  
depend on the exact proportions of an   
apology6 ,is it a hairbreadth too short 
to cover the scratch for which you want 
it8 ,make your will--you are a dead man6
 ,a life do ,i say8--a hecatomb of      
lives6 ,how many wars would have been   
prevented1 how many thrones would be    
standing1 dynasties                     
flourishing--commonwealths brawling     
round a bema1 or fitting out galleys for
 corn and cotton--if an inch or two more
 of apology had been added to the       
proffered ell6 ,but then that plagy1    
jealous1 suspicious1 old vinegar-faced  
,honor1 and her partner ,pride--as      
penny-wise and pound-foolish a          
she-skinflint as herself--have the      
monopoly of the article4 ,and what with 
the time they lose in adjusting their   
spectacles1 hunting in the precise shelf

 for the precise quality demanded1 then 
7quality found7 the haggling as to      
quantum--considering whether it should  
be ,apothecary's weight or ,avoirdupois1
 or ,english measure or ,flemish--and1  
finally1 the hullaboloo they make if the
 customer is not perfectly satisfied    
with the monstrous little he gets for   
his money1--,i don't wonder1 for my     
part1 how one loses temper and patience1
 and sends ,pride1 ,honor1 and ,apology1
 all to the devil4 ,aristophanes1 in his
 ,comedy of ,peace insinuates a         
beautiful allegory by only suffering    
that goddess1 though in fact she is his 
heroine1 to appear as a mute4 ,she takes
 care never to open her lips4 ,the      
shrewd ,greek knew very well that she   
would cease to be ,peace1 if she once   
began to chatter4 ,wherefore1 ,o reader1
 if ever you find your pump under the   
iron heel of another man's boot1 heaven 
grant that you may hold your tongue1 and
 not make things past all endurance and 
forgiveness by bawling out for an       

apology6   ,,chapter ,,xv4  ,but the    
,squire and his son1 ,frank1 were       
large-hearted generous creatures in the 
article of apology1 as in all things    
less skimpingly dealt out4 ,and seeing  
that ,leonard ,fairfield would offer no 
plaister to ,randal ,leslie1 they made  
amends for his stinginess by their own  
prodigality4 ,the ,squire accompanied   
his son to ,rood ,hall1 and none of the 
family choosing to be at home1 the      
,squire in his own hand1 and from his   
own head1 indited and composed an       
epistle which might have satisfied all  
the wounds which the dignity of the     
,leslies had ever received4  ,this      
letter of apology ended with a hearty   
request that ,randall would come and    
spend a few days with his son4 ,frank's 
epistle was to the same purport1 only   
more ,etonian and less legible4  ,it was
 some days before ,randall's replies to 
these epistles were received4 ,the      
replies bore the address of a village   
near ,london1 and stated that the writer

 was now reading with a tutor           
preparatory to entrance at ,oxford1 and 
could not1 therefore1 accept the        
invitation extended to him4  ,for the   
rest1 ,randall expressed himself with   
good sense1 though not with much        
generosity1 he excused his participation
 in the vulgarity of such a conflict by 
a bitter but short allusion to the      
obstinacy and ignorance of the village  
boor2 and did not do what you1 my kind  
reader1 certainly would have done under 
similar circumstances--viz4 intercede in
 behalf of a brave and unfortunate      
antagonist4 ,most of us like a foe      
better after we have fought him--that   
is1 if we are the conquering party2 this
 was not the case with ,randal ,leslie4 
,there1 so far as the ,etonian was      
concerned1 the matter rested4 ,and the  
,squire1 irritated that he could not    
repair whatever wrong that young        
gentleman had sustained1 no longer felt 
a pang of regret as he passed by ,mrs4  
,fairfield's deserted cottage4          

,,chapter ,,xvi4  ,lenny ,fairfield     
continued to give great satisfaction to 
his new employers1 and to profit in many
 respects by the familiar kindness with 
which he was treated4 ,riccabocca1 who  
valued himself on penetrating into      
character1 had from the first seen that 
much stuff of no common quality and     
texture was to be found in the          
disposition and mind of the ,english    
village boy4 ,on farther acquaintance1  
he perceived that1 under a child's      
innocent simplicity1 there were the     
workings of an acuteness that required  
but development and direction4 ,he      
ascertained that the pattern boy's      
progress at the village school proceeded
 from something more than mechanical    
docility and readiness of comprehension4
 ,lenny had a keen thirst for knowledge1
 and through all the disadvantages of   
and circumstance1 there were the        
indications of that natural genius which
 converts disadvantages themselves into 
stimulants4 ,still1 with the germs of   

good qualities lay the embryos of those 
which1 difficult to separate1 and hard  
to destroy1 often mar the produce of the
 soil4 ,with a remarkable and generous  
pride in self-repute1 there was some    
stubbornness2 with great sensibility to 
kindness1 there was also strong         
reluctance to forgive affront4  ,this   
mixed nature in an uncultivated         
peasant's breast interested ,riccabocca1
 who1 though long secluded from the     
commerce of mankind1 still looked upon  
man as the most various and entertaining
 volume which philosophical research can
 explore4 ,he soon accustomed the boy to
 the tone of a conversation generally   
subtle and suggestive2 and ,lenny's     
language and ideas became insensibly    
less rustic and more refined4 ,then     
,riccabocca selected from his library1  
small as it was1 books that1 though     
elementary1 were of a higher cast than  
,lenny could have found within his reach
 at ,hazeldean4 ,riccabocca knew the    
,english language well1 better in       

grammar1 construction1 and genius than  
many a not ill-educated ,englishman2 for
 he had studied it with the minuteness  
with which a scholar studies a dead     
language1 and amidst his collection he  
had many of the books which had formerly
 served him for that purpose4 ,these    
were the first works he had lent to     
,lenny4 ,meanwhile ,jackeymo imparted to
 the boy many secrets in practical      
gardening and minute husbandry1 for at  
that day farming in ,england 7some      
favored counties and estates excepted7  
was far below the nicety to which the   
art has been immemorially carried in the
 north of ,italy--where1 indeed1 you may
 travel for miles and miles as through a
 series of market-gardens--so that1 all 
these things considered1 ,leonard       
,fairfield might be said to have made a 
change for the better4 ,yet in truth1   
and looking below the surface1 that     
might be fair matter of doubt4 ,for the 
same reason which had induced the boy to
 fly his native village1 he no longer   

repaired to the church of ,hazeldean4   
,the old intimate intercourse between   
him and the ,parson became necessarily  
suspended1 or bounded to an occasional  
kindly visit from the father--visits    
which grew more rare1 and less familiar1
 as he found his former pupil in no want
 of his services1 and wholly deaf to his
 mild entreaties to forget and forgive  
the past1 and come at least to his old  
seat in the parish church4 ,lenny still 
went to church--a church a long way off 
in another parish--but the sermons did  
not do him the same good as ,parson     
,dale's had done2 and the clergyman1 who
 had his own flock to attend to1 did not
 condescend1 as ,parson ,dale would have
 done1 to explain what seemed obscure1  
and enforce what was profitable1 in     
private talk1 with that stray lamb from 
another's fold4  ,now ,i question much  
if all ,dr4 ,riccabocca's sage maxims1  
though they were often very moral1 and  
generally very wise1 served to expand   
the peasant boy's native good qualities1

 and correct his bad1 half so well as   
the few simple words1 not at all        
indebted to ,machiavelli1 which ,leonard
 had once reverently listened to when he
 stood by his father's chair1 yielded up
 for the moment to the good ,parson1    
worthy to sit in it2 for ,mr4 ,dale had 
a heart in which all the fatherless of  
the parish found their place4 ,nor was  
this loss of tender1 intimate1 spiritual
 love so counterbalanced by the greater 
facilities for purely intellectual      
instruction1 as modern enlightenment    
might presume4 ,for1 without disputing  
the advantage of knowledge in a general 
way1 knowledge1 in itself1 is not       
friendly to content4 ,its tendency1 of  
course1 is to increase the desires1 to  
dissatisfy us with what is1 in order to 
urge progress to what may be2 and1 in   
that progress1 what unnoticed martyrs   
among the many must fall1 baffled and   
crushed by the way6 ,to how large a     
number will be given desires they will  
never realize1 dissatisfaction of the   

lot from which they will never rise6    
,allons6 one is viewing the dark side of
 the question4 ,it is all the fault of  
that confounded ,riccabocca1 who has    
already caused ,lenny ,fairfield to lean
 gloomily on his spade1 and1 after      
looking round and seeing no one near    
him1 groan out querulously--  ,and am ,i
 born to dig a potato ground8  ,pardieu1
 my friend ,lenny1 if you live to be    
seventy1 and ride in your carriage2--and
 by the help of a dinner-pill digest a  
spoonful of curry1 you may sigh to think
 what a relish there was in potatoes1   
roasted in ashes after you had digged   
them out of that ground with your own   
stout young hands4 ,dig on1 ,lenny      
,fairfield1 dig on6 ,dr4 ,riccabocca    
will tell you that there was once an    
illustrious personage,r who made        
experience of two very different        
occupations--one was ruling men1 the    
other was planting cabbages2 he thought 
planting cabbages much the pleasanter of
 the two6   ,,chapter ,,xvii4  ,dr4     

,riccabocca had secured ,lenny          
,fairfield1 and might therefore be      
considered to have ridden his hobby in  
the great whirligig with adroitness and 
success4 ,but ,miss ,jemima was still   
driving round in her car1 bundling the  
reins1 and flourishing the whip1 without
 apparently having got an inch nearer to
 the flying form of ,dr4 ,riccabocca4   
,indeed1 that excellent and only too    
susceptible spinster1 with all her      
experience of the villany of man1 had   
never conceived the wretch to be so     
thoroughly beyond the reach of          
redemption as when ,dr4 ,riccabocca took
 his leave1 and once more interred      
himself amidst the solitudes of the     
,casino1 without having made any formal 
renunciation of his criminal celibacy4  
,for some days she shut herself up in   
her own chamber1 and brooded with more  
than her usual gloomy satisfaction on   
the certainty of the approaching crash4 
,indeed1 many signs of that universal   
calamity which1 while the visit of      

,riccabocca lasted1 she had permitted   
herself to consider ambiguous1 now      
became luminously apparent4 ,even the   
newspaper1 which during that credulous  
and happy period had given half a column
 to births and marriages1 now bore an   
ominously long catalogue of deaths2 so  
that it seemed as if the whole          
population had lost heart1 and had no   
chance of repairing its daily losses4   
,the leading articles spoke1 with the   
obscurity of a ,pythian1 of an impending
 ,,crisis4 ,monstrous turnips sprouted  
out from the paragraphs devoted to      
general news4 ,cows bore calves with two
 heads1 whales were stranded in the     
,humber1 showers of frogs descended in  
the ,high-street of ,cheltenham4  ,all  
these symptoms of the world's           
decrepitude and consummation1 which by  
the side of the fascinating ,riccabocca 
might admit of some doubt is to their   
origin and cause1 now1 conjoined with   
the worst of all1 viz4--the frightfully 
progressive wickedness of man--left to  

,miss ,jemima no ray of hope save that  
afforded by the reflection that she     
could contemplate the wreck of matter   
without a single sentiment of regret4   
,mrs4 ,dale1 however1 by no means shared
 the despondency of her fair friend1    
and1 having gained access to ,miss      
,jemima's chamber1 succeeded1 though not
 without difficulty1 in her kindly      
attempts to cheer the drooping spirits  
of that female philanthropist4 ,nor1 in 
her benevolent desire to speed the car  
of ,miss ,jemima to its hymenial goal1  
was ,mrs4 ,dale so cruel towards her    
male friend1 ,dr4 ,riccabocca1 as she   
seemed to her husband4 ,for ,mrs4 ,dale 
was a woman of shrewdness and           
penetration1 as most quick-tempered     
women are2 and she knew that ,miss      
,jemima was one of those excellent young
 ladies who are likely to value a       
husband in proportion to the difficulty 
of obtaining him4 ,in fact1 my readers  
of both sexes must often have met1 in   
the course of their experience1 with    

that peculiar sort of feminine          
disposition1 which requires the warmth  
of the conjugal hearth to develop all   
its native good qualities2 nor is it to 
be blamed over-much if1 innocently aware
 of this tendency in its nature1 it     
turns towards what is best fitted for   
its growth and improvement1 by laws akin
 to those which make the sun-flower turn
 to the sun or the willow to the stream4
 ,ladies of this disposition1           
permanently thwarted in their           
affectionate bias1 gradually languish   
away into intellectual inanition1 or    
sprout out into those abnormal          
eccentricities which are classed under  
the general name of oddity or character4
 ,but1 once admitted to their proper    
soil1 it is astonishing what healthful  
improvement takes place--how the poor   
heart1 before starved and stinted of    
nourishment1 throws out its suckers1 and
 bursts into bloom and fruit4 ,and thus 
many a belle from whom the beaux have   
stood aloof1 only because the puppies   

think she could be had for the asking1  
they see afterwards settled down into   
true wife and fond mother1 with amaze at
 their former disparagement1 and a sigh 
at their blind hardness of heart4  ,in  
all probability1 ,mrs4 ,dale took this  
view of the subject2 and certainly1 in  
addition to all the hitherto dormant    
virtues which would be awakened in ,miss
 ,jemima when fairly ,mrs4 ,riccabocca1 
she counted somewhat upon the mere      
worldly advantage which such a match    
would bestow upon the exile4 ,so        
respectable a connection with one of the
 oldest1 wealthiest and most popular    
families in the shire1 would in itself  
give him a position not to be despised  
by a poor stranger in the land2 and     
though the interest of ,miss ,jemima's  
dowry might not be much1 regarded in the
 light of ,english pounds1 7not         
,milanese lire17 still it would suffice 
to prevent that gradual process of      
dematerialization which the lengthened  
diet upon minnows and sticklebacks had  

already made apparent in the fine and   
slow-evanishing form of the philosopher4
  ,like all persons convinced of the    
expediency of a thing1 ,mrs4 ,dale saw  
nothing wanting but opportunities to    
insure success4 ,and that these might be
 forthcoming1 she not only renewed with 
greater frequency1 and more urgent      
instance than ever1 her friendly        
invitations to ,riccabocca to drink tea 
and spend the evening1 but she artfully 
so chafed the ,squire on his sore point 
of hospitality1 that the doctor received
 weekly a pressing solicitation to dine 
and sleep at the ,hall4  ,at first the  
,italian pished and grunted1 and said   
,cospetto1 and ,per ,bacco1 and         
,diavola1 and tried to creep out of so  
much proffered courtesy4 ,but1 like all 
single gentlemen1 he was a little under 
the tyrannical influence of his faithful
 servant2 and ,jackeymo1 though he could
 bear starving as well as his master    
when necessary1 still1 when he had the  
option1 preferred roast beef and        

plum-pudding4 ,moreover1 that vain and  
incautious confidence of ,riccabocca1   
touching the vast sum at his command1   
and with no heavier drawback than that  
of so amiable a lady as ,miss           
,jemima--who had already shown him      
7,jackeymo7 many little delicate        
attentions--had greatly whetted the     
cupidity which was in the servant's     
,italian nature8 a cupidity the more    
keen because1 long debarred its         
legitimate exercise on his own mercenary
 interests1 he carried it all to the    
account of his master's6  ,thus tempted 
by his enemy1 and betrayed by his       
servant1 the unfortunate ,riccabocca    
fell1 though with eyes not unblinded1   
into the hospitable snares extended for 
the destruction of his--celibacy6 ,he   
went often to the parsonage1 often to   
the ,hall1 and by degrees the sweets of 
the social domestic life1 long denied   
him1 began to exercise their enervating 
charm upon the stoicism of our poor     
exile4 ,frank had now returned to ,eton4

 ,an unexpected invitation had carried  
off ,captain ,higginbotham to pass a few
 weeks at ,bath1 with a distant         
relation1 who had lately returned from  
,india1 and who1 as rich as ,croesus1   
felt so estranged and solitary in his   
native isle1 that1 when the ,captain    
claimed kindred there1 to his own amaze 
he had his claims allowed2 while a very 
protracted sitting of ,parliament still 
delayed in ,london the ,squire's        
habitual visitors in the later summer2  
so that--a chasm thus made in his       
society--,mr4 ,hazeldean welcomed with  
no hollow cordiality the diversion or   
distraction he found in the foreigner's 
companionship4 ,thus1 with pleasure to  
all parties1 and strong hopes to the two
 female conspirators1 the intimacy      
between the ,casino and ,hall rapidly   
thickened2 but still not a word         
resembling a distinct proposal did ,dr4 
,riccabocca breathe4 ,and still1 if such
 an idea obtruded itself on his mind1 it
 was chased therefrom with so determined

 a ,diavolo1 that perhaps1 if not the   
end of the world1 at least the end of   
,miss ,jemima's tenure in it1 might have
 approached1 and seen her still ,miss   
,jemima1 but for a certain letter with a
 foreign postmark that reached the      
doctor one ,tuesday morning4   ,,chapter
 ,,xviii4  ,the servant saw that        
something had gone wrong1 and1 under    
pretence of syringing the orange trees1 
he lingered near his master1 and peered 
through the sunny leaves upon           
,riccabocca's melancholy brows4  ,the   
doctor sighed heavily4 ,nor did he1 as  
was his wont1 after some such sigh1     
mechanically take up that dear          
comforter1 the pipe4 ,but though the    
tobacco pouch lay by his side on the    
balustrade1 and the pipe stood against  
the wall between his knees1 child-like  
lifting up its lips to the customary    
caress--he heeded neither the one nor   
the other1 but laid the letter silently 
on his lap1 and fixed his eyes upon the 
ground4  ,it must be bad news indeed6   

thought ,jackeymo1 and desisted from his
 work4 ,approaching his master1 he took 
up the pipe and the tobacco pouch1 and  
filled the bowl slowly1 glancing all the
 while to that dark musing face on      
which1 when abandoned by the expression 
of intellectual vivacity1 or the        
exquisite smile of ,italian courtesy1   
the deep downward lines revealed the    
characters of sorrow4 ,jackeymo did not 
venture to speak2 but the continued     
silence of his master disturbed him     
much4 ,he laid that peculiar tinder     
which your smokers use upon the steel1  
and struck the spark--still not a word1 
nor did ,riccabocca stretch forth his   
hand4  ,i never knew him in this taking 
before1 thought ,jackeymo2 and          
delicately he insinuated the neck of the
 pipe into the nerveless fingers of the 
hand that lay supine on those quiet     
knees--the pipe fell to the ground4     
,jackeymo crossed himself1 and began    
praying to his sainted namesake with    
great fervor4  ,the doctor rose slowly1 

and1 as if with effort1 he walked once  
or twice to and fro the terrace2 and    
then he halted abruptly1 and said--     
,friend6  ,blessed ,monsignore ,san     
,giacomo1 ,i knew thou wouldst hear me6 
cried the servant2 and he raised his    
master's hand to his pipe1 then abruptly
 turned away and wiped his eyes4        
,friend1 repeated ,riccabocca1 and this 
time with a tremulous emphasis1 and in  
the softest tone of a voice never wholly
 without the music of the sweet ,south1 
,i would talk to thee of my child4----  
,,chapter ,,xix4  ,the letter1 then1    
relates to the ,signorina4 ,she is well8
  ,yes1 she is well now4 ,she is in our 
native ,italy4  ,jackeymo raised his    
eyes involuntarily towards the          
orange-trees1 and the morning breeze    
swept by and bore to him the odor of    
their blossoms4  ,those are sweet even  
here1 with care1 said he1 pointing to   
the trees4 ,i think ,i have said that   
before to the ,padrone4  ,but           
,riccabocca was now looking again at the

 letter1 and did not notice either the  
gesture or the remark of his servant4   
,my aunt is no more6 said he1 after a   
pause4  ,we will pray for her soul6     
answered ,jackeymo1 solemnly4 ,but she  
was very old1 and had been a long time  
ailing4 ,let it not grieve the ,padrone 
too keenly1 at that age1 and with those 
infirmities1 death comes as a friend4   
,peace be to her dust6 returned the     
,italian4 ,if she had her faults1 be    
they now forgotten for ever2 and in the 
hour of my danger and distress1 she     
sheltered my infant6 ,that shelter is   
destroyed4 ,this letter is from the     
priest1 her confessor4 ,you know that   
she had nothing at her own disposal to  
bequeath my child1 and her property     
passes to the male heir--mine enemy4    
,traitor6 muttered ,jackeymo2 and his   
right hand seemed to feel for the weapon
 which the ,italians of lower rank often
 openly wear in their girdles4  ,the    
priest1 resumed ,riccabocca1 calmly1 has
 rightly judged in removing my child as 

a guest from the house in which my enemy
 enters as lord4  ,and where is the     
,signorina8  ,with that poor priest4    
,see1 ,giacomo--here1 here--this is her 
handwriting at the end of the           
letter--the first lines she ever yet    
traced to me4  ,jackeymo took off his   
hat1 and looked reverently on the large 
characters of a child's writing4 ,but   
large as they were1 they seemed         
indistinct1 for the paper was blistered 
with the child's tears1 and on the place
 where they had not fallen1 there was a 
round fresh moist stain of the tear that
 had dropped from the lids of the       
father4 ,riccabocca renewed1--,the      
priest recommends a convent4  ,to the   
devil with the priest6 cried the        
servant2 then crossing himself rapidly1 
he added1 ,i did not mean that1         
,monsignore ,san ,giacomo--forgive me6  
,but your excellency,s does not think of
 making a nun of his only child6  ,and  
yet why not8 said ,riccabocca1          
mournfully2 what can ,i give her in the 

world8 ,is the land of the stranger a   
better refuge than the home of peace in 
her native clime8  ,in the land of the  
stranger beats her father's heart6  ,and
 if that beat were stilled1 what then8  
,ill fares the life that a single death 
can bereave of all4 ,in a convent at    
least 7and the priest's influence can   
obtain her that asylum amongst her      
equals and amidst her sex7 she is safe  
from trial and penury--to her grave4    
,penury6 ,just see how rich we shall be 
when we take those fields at            
,michaelmas4  ,pazzie6 7follies7 said   
,riccabocca1 listlessly4 ,are these suns
 more serene than ours1 or the soil more
 fertile8 ,yet in our own ,italy1 saith 
the proverb1 'he who sows land1 reaps   
more care than corn4' ,it were          
different1 continued the father after a 
pause1 and in a more irresolute tone1 if
 ,i had some independence1 however      
small1 to count on--nay1 if among all my
 tribe of dainty relatives there were   
but one female who would accompany      

,violante to the exile's                
hearth--,ishmael had his ,hagar4 ,but   
how can we two rough-bearded men provide
 for all the nameless1 wants and cares  
of a frail female child8 ,and she has   
been so delicately reared--the          
woman-child needs the fostering hand and
 tender eye of a woman4  ,and with a    
word1 said ,jackeymo1 resolutely1 the   
,padrone might secure to his child all  
that he needs1 to save her from the     
sepulchre of a convent2 and ere the     
autumn leaves fall1 she might be sitting
 on his knee4 ,padrone1 do not think    
that you can conceal from me the truth1 
that you love your child better than all
 things in the world--now the ,patria is
 as dead to you as the dust of your     
fathers--and your heart-strings would   
crack with the effort to tear her from  
them1 and consign her to a convent4     
,padrone1 never again to hear her       
voice--never again to see her face6     
,those little arms that twined round    
your neck that dark night1 when we fled 

fast for life and freedom1 and you said1
 as you felt their clasp1 ',friend1 all 
is not yet lost6'  ,giacomo6 exclaimed  
the father1 reproachfully1 and his voice
 seemed to choke him4 ,riccabocca turned
 away1 and walked restlessly to and fro 
the terrace2 then1 lifting his arms with
 a wild gesture as he still continued   
his long irregular strides1 he muttered1
 ,yes1 heaven is my witness that ,i     
could have borne reverse and banishment 
without a murmur1 had ,i permitted      
myself that young partner in exile and  
privation4 ,heaven is my witness that1  
if ,i hesitate now1 it is because ,i    
would not listen to my own selfish      
heart4 ,yet never1 never to see her     
again--my child6 ,and it was but as the 
infant that ,i beheld her6 ,o friend1   
friend---- 7and1 stopping short with a  
burst of uncontrollable emotion1 he     
bowed his head upon his servant's       
shoulder27 thou knowest what ,i have    
endured and suffered at my hearth1 as in
 my country2 the wrong1 the perfidy1    

the--the-- ,his voice again failed him2 
he clung to his servant's breast1 and   
his whole frame shook4  ,but your child1
 the innocent one--,i think now only of 
her6 faltered ,giacomo1 struggling with 
his own sobs4  ,true1 only of her1      
replied the exile1 raising his          
face--only of her4 ,put aside thy       
thoughts for thyself1 friend--counsel   
me4 ,if ,i were to send for ,violante1  
and if1 transplanted to these keen airs1
 she drooped and died--look1 look--the  
priest says that she needs such tender  
care2 or if ,i myself were summoned from
 the world1 to leave her in it alone1   
friendless1 homeless1 breadless perhaps 
at the age of woman's sharpest trial    
against temptation1 would she not live  
to mourn the cruel egotism that closed  
on her infant innocence the gates of the
 ,house of ,god8  ,giacomo was appalled 
by this appeal2 and indeed ,riccabocca  
had never before thus reverently spoken 
of the cloister4 ,in his hours of       
philosophy1 he was wont to sneer at     

monks and nuns1 priesthood and          
superstition4 ,but now1 in that hour of 
emotion1 the ,old ,religion reclaimed   
her empire2 and the skeptical world-wise
 man1 thinking only of his child1 spoke 
and felt with a child's simple faith4   
,,chapter ,,xx4  ,but again ,i say1     
murmured ,jackeymo1 scarce audibly1 and 
after a long silence1 if the ,padrone   
would make up his mind--to marry6  ,he  
expected that his master would start up 
in his customary indignation at such a  
suggestion--nay1 he might not have been 
sorry so to have changed the current of 
feeling2 but the poor ,italian only     
winced slightly1 and mildly withdrawing 
himself from his servant's supporting   
arm1 again paced the terrace1 but this  
time quietly and in silence4 ,a quarter 
of an hour thus passed4 ,give me the    
pipe1 said ,dr4 ,riccabocca1 passing    
into the ,belvidere4  ,jackeymo again   
struck the spark1 and1 wonderfully      
relieved at the ,padrone's return to his
 usual adviser1 mentally besought his   

sainted namesake to bestow a double     
portion of soothing wisdom on the       
benignant influences of the weed4       
,,chapter ,,xxi4  ,dr4 ,riccabocca had  
been some little time in the solitude of
 the ,belvidere1 when ,lenny ,fairfield1
 not knowing that his employer was      
therein1 entered to lay down a book     
which the ,doctor had lent him1 with    
injunctions to leave on a certain table 
when done with4 ,riccabocca looked up at
 the sound of the young peasant's step4 
,i beg your honor's pardon--,i did not  
know----  ,never mind2 lay the book     
there4 ,i wish to speak with you4 ,you  
look well1 my child2 this air agrees    
with you as well as that of ,hazeldean8 
,oh yes1 sir4  ,yet it is higher ground1
 more exposed8  ,that can hardly be1    
sir1 said ,lenny2 there are many plants 
grow here which don't flourish at the   
,squire's4 ,the hill yonder keeps off   
the east wind1 and the place lays to the
 south4  ,lies1 not lays1 ,lenny4 ,what 
are the principal complaints in these   

parts8  ,eh1 sir8  ,i mean what         
maladies1 what diseases8  ,i never heard
 tell of any1 sir1 except the           
rheumatism4  ,no low fevers8--no        
consumption8  ,never heard of them1 sir4
  ,riccabocca drew a long breath1 as if 
relieved4  ,that seems a very kind      
family at the ,hall4  ,i have nothing to
 say against it1 answered ,lenny1       
bluntly4 ,i have not been treated       
justly4 ,but as that book says1 sir1    
',it is not every one who comes into the
 world with a silver spoon in his       
mouth4'  ,little thought the ,doctor    
that those wise maxims may leave sore   
thoughts behind them4 ,he was too       
occupied with the subject most at his   
own heart to think then of what was in  
,lenny ,fairfield's4  ,yes2 a kind1     
,english1 domestic family4 ,did you see 
much of ,miss ,hazeldean8  ,not so much 
as of the ,lady4  ,is she liked in the  
village1 think you8  ,miss ,jemima8     
,yes4 ,she never did harm4 ,her little  
dog bit me once--she did not ask me to  

beg its pardon1 she asked mine6 ,she's a
 very nice young lady2 the girls say    
she's very affable2 and1 added ,lenny   
with a smile1 there are always more     
weddings going on when she's down at the
 ,hall4  ,oh6 said ,riccabocca4 ,then1  
after a long whiff1 ,did you ever see   
her play with the little children8 ,is  
she fond of children1 do you think8     
,lord1 sir1 you guess every thing6      
,she's never so pleased as when she's   
playing with the babies4  ,humph6       
grunted ,riccabocca4 ,babies--well1     
that's womanlike4 ,i don't mean exactly 
babies1 but when they're older--little  
girls4  ,indeed1 sir1 ,i dare say2 but1 
said ,lenny1 primly1 ,i never as yet    
kept company with the little girls4     
,quite right1 ,lenny2 be equally        
discreet all your life4 ,mrs4 ,dale is  
very intimate with ,miss                
,hazeldean--more than with the ,squire's
 lady4 ,why is that1 think you8  ,well1 
sir1 said ,leonard1 shrewdly1 ,mrs4     
,dale has her little tempers1 though    

she's a very good lady2 and ,madam      
,hazeldean is rather high1 and has a    
spirit4 ,but ,miss ,jemima is so soft3  
any one could live with ,miss ,jemima1  
as ,joe and the servants say at the     
,hall4  ,indeed6 ,get my hat out of the 
parlor1 and--just bring a clothesbrush1 
,lenny4 ,a fine sunny day for a walk4   
,after this most mean and dishonorable  
inquisition into the character and      
popular repute of ,miss ,hazeldean1     
,signore ,riccabocca seemed as much     
cheered up and elated as if he had      
committed some very noble action2 and he
 walked forth in the direction of the   
,hall with a far lighter and livelier   
step than that with which he had paced  
the terrace4  ,monsignore ,san ,giacomo1
 by thy help and the pipe's1 the        
,padrone shall have his child6 muttered 
the servant1 looking up from the garden4
   ,,chapter ,,xxii4  ,yet ,dr4         
,riccabocca was not rash4 ,the man who  
wants his wedding-garment to fit him    
must allow plenty of time for the       

measure4 ,but1 from that day1 the       
,italian notably changed his manner     
towards ,miss ,hazeldean4 ,he ceased    
that profusion of compliment in which he
 had hitherto carried off in safety all 
serious meaning4 ,for indeed the ,doctor
 considered that compliments1 to a      
single gentleman1 were what the inky    
liquid it dispenses is to the           
cuttle-fish1 that by obscuring the water
 sails away from its enemy4 ,neither did
 he1 as before1 avoid prolonged         
conversations with that young lady1 and 
contrive to escape from all solitary    
rambles by her side4 ,on the contrary1  
he now sought every occasion to be in   
her society2 and1 entirely dropping the 
language of gallantry1 he assumed       
something of the earnest tone of        
friendship4 ,he bent down his intellect 
to examine and plumb her own4 ,to use a 
very homely simile1 he blew away that   
froth which there is on the surface of  
mere acquaintanceships1 especially with 
the opposite sex2 and which1 while it   

lasts1 scarce allows you to distinguish 
between small beer and double ,x4       
,apparently ,dr4 ,riccabocca was        
satisfied with his scrutiny--at all     
events1 under that froth there was no   
taste of bitter4 ,the ,italian might not
 find any great strength of intellect in
 ,miss ,jemima1 but he found that1      
disentangled from many little whims and 
foibles--which he had himself the sense 
to perceive were harmless enough if they
 lasted1 and not so absolutely          
constitutional but what they might be   
removed by a tender hand--,miss         
,hazeldean had quite enough sense to    
comprehend the plain duties of married  
life2 and if the sense could fail1 it   
found a substitute in good old homely   
,english principles and the instincts of
 amiable kindly feelings4  ,i know not  
how it is1 but your very clever man     
never seems to care so much as your less
 gifted mortals for cleverness in his   
helpmate4 ,your scholars1 and poets1 and
 ministers of state1 are more often than

 not found assorted with exceedingly    
humdrum good sort of women1 and         
apparently like them all the better for 
their deficiencies4 ,just see how       
happily ,racine lived with his wife1 and
 what an angel he thought her1 and yet  
she had never read his plays4 ,certainly
 ,goethe never troubled the lady who    
called him ,mr4 ,privy ,councillor with 
whims about 'monads1' and speculations  
on 'color1' nor those stiff metaphysical
 problems on which one breaks one's     
shins in the ,second ,part of the       
,faust4 ,probably it may be that such   
great geniuses--knowing that1 as        
compared with themselves1 there is      
little difference between your clever   
woman and your humdrum woman--merge at  
once all minor distinctions1 relinquish 
all attempts that could not but prove   
unsatisfactory1 at sympathy in hard     
intellectual pursuits1 and are quite    
satisfied to establish that tie which1  
after all1 best resists wear and        
tear--viz4 the tough household bond     

between one human heart and another4    
,at all events1 this1 ,i suspect1 was   
the reasoning of ,dr4 ,riccabocca1 when 
one morning1 after a long walk with     
,miss ,hazeldean1 he muttered to        
himself--           ,duro con duro      
,non fece mai buon muro4  ,which may    
bear the paraphrase1 ,bricks without    
mortar would make a very bad wall4      
,there was quite enough in ,miss        
,jemima's disposition to make excellent 
mortar3 the ,doctor took the bricks to  
himself4  ,when his examination was     
concluded1 our philosopher symbolically 
evinced the result he had arrived at by 
a very simple proceeding on his         
part--which would have puzzled you      
greatly if you had not paused1 and      
meditated thereon1 till you saw all that
 it implied4 ,dr4 ,riccabocca took off  
his spectacles6 ,he wiped them          
carefully1 put them into their shagreen 
case1 and locked them in his            
bureau3--that is to say1 he left off    
wearing his spectacles4  ,you will      

observe that there was a wonderful depth
 of meaning in that critical symptom1   
whether it be regarded as a sign        
outward1 positive1 and explicit1 or a   
sign metaphysical1 mystical1 and        
esoteric4 ,for1 as to the last--it      
denoted that the task of the spectacles 
was over2 that1 when a philosopher has  
made up his mind to marry1 it is better 
henceforth to be short-sighted--nay1    
even somewhat purblind--than to be      
always scrutinizing the domestic        
felicity to which he is about to resign 
himself1 through a pair of cold1        
unillusory barnacles4 ,and for the      
things beyond the hearth1 if he cannot  
see without spectacles1 is he not about 
to ally to his own defective vision a   
good sharp pair of eyes1 never at fault 
where his interests are concerned8 ,on  
the other hand1 regarded positively1    
categorically1 and explicitly1 ,dr4     
,riccabocca1 by laying aside those      
spectacles1 signified that he was about 
to commence that happy initiation of    

courtship1 when every man1 be he ever so
 much a philosopher1 wishes to look as  
young and as handsome as time and nature
 will allow4 ,vain task to speed the    
soft language of the eyes through the   
medium of those glassy interpreters6 ,i 
remember1 for my own part1 that once1 on
 a visit to ,adelaide1 ,i was in great  
danger of falling in love--with a young 
lady1 too1 who would have brought me a  
very good fortune--when she suddenly    
produced from her reticule a very neat  
pair of ,no4 #d1 set in tortoise-shell1 
and1 fixing upon me their ,gorgon gaze1 
froze the astonished ,cupid into stone6 
,and ,i hold it a great proof of the    
wisdom of ,riccabocca1 and of his vast  
experience in mankind1 that he was not  
above the consideration of what your    
pseudo sages would have regarded as     
foppish and ridiculous trifles4 ,it     
argued all the better for that happiness
 which is our being's end and aim1 that1
 in condescending to play the lover1 he 
put those unbecoming petrifiers under   

lock and key4  ,and certainly1 now the  
spectacles were abandoned1 it was       
impossible to deny that the ,italian had
 remarkably handsome eyes4 ,even through
 the spectacles1 or lifted a little     
above them1 they were always bright and 
expressive2 but without those adjuncts1 
the blaze was softer and more tempered3 
they had that look which the ,french    
call veloute1 or velvety2 and he        
appeared altogether ten years younger4  
,if our ,ulysses1 thus rejuvinated by   
his ,minerva1 has not fully made up his 
mind to make a ,penelope of ,miss       
,jemima1 all ,i can say is1 that he is  
worse than ,polyphemus1 who was only an 
,anthropophagos2----  ,he preys upon the
 weaker sex1 and is a ,gynopophagite6   
,,chapter ,,xxiii4  ,and you commission 
me1 then1 to speak to our dear ,jemima8 
said ,mrs4 ,dale1 joyfully1 and without 
any bitterness whatever in that dear4   
,dr4 ,riccabocca4--,nay1 before speaking
 to ,miss ,hazeldean1 it would surely be
 proper to know how far my addresses    

would be acceptable to the family4      
,mrs4 ,dale4--,ah6  ,dr4                
,riccabocca4--,the ,squire is of course 
the head of the family4  ,mrs4 ,dale    
7absent and distrait47--,the            
,squire--yes1 very true--quite proper4  
7,then looking up1 and with             
naivete7--,can you believe me1 ,i never 
thought of the ,squire4 ,and he is such 
an odd man1 and has so many ,english    
prejudices1 that really--dear me1 how   
vexatious that it should never once have
 occurred to me that ,mr4 ,hazeldean had
 a voice in the matter6 ,indeed1 the    
relationship is so distant--it is not   
like being her father2 and ,jemima is of
 age1 and can do as she pleases2        
and--but1 as you say1 it is quite proper
 that he should be consulted as the head
 of the family4  ,dr4 ,riccabocca4--,and
 do you think that the ,squire of       
,hazeldean might reject my alliance6    
,pshaw6 that's a grand word1 indeed2--,i
 mean1 that he might object very        
reasonably to his cousin's marriage with

 a foreigner1 of whom he can know       
nothing1 except that which in all       
countries is disreputable1 and is said  
in this to be criminal--poverty4  ,mrs4 
,dale 7kindly47--,you misjudge us poor  
,english people1 and you wrong the      
,squire1 ,heaven bless him6 for we were 
poor enough when he singled out my      
husband from a hundred for the minister 
of his parish1 for his neighbor and his 
friend4 ,i will speak to him            
fearlessly----  ,dr4 ,riccabocca4--,and 
frankly4 ,and now ,i have used that     
word1 let me go on with the confession  
which your kindly readiness1 my fair    
friend1 somewhat interrupted4 ,i said   
that if ,i might presume to think my    
addresses would be acceptable to ,miss  
,hazeldean and her family1 ,i was too   
sensible of her amiable qualities not   
to--not to--  ,mrs4 ,dale 7with demure  
archness47--,not to be the happiest of  
men--that's the customary ,english      
phrase1 ,doctor4  ,riccabocca           
7gallantly47--,there cannot be a better4

 ,but1 continued he1 seriously1 ,i wish 
it first to be understood that ,i       
have--been married before4  ,mrs4 ,dale 
7astonished47--,married before6         
,riccabocca4--,and that ,i have an only 
child1 dear to me--inexpressibly dear4  
,that child1 a daughter1 has hitherto   
lived abroad2 circumstances now render  
it desirable that she should make her   
home with me4 ,and ,i own fairly that   
nothing has so attached me to ,miss     
,hazeldean1 nor so induced my desire for
 our matrimonial connection1 as my      
belief that she has the heart and the   
temper to become a kind mother to my    
little one4  ,mrs4 ,dale 7with feeling  
and warmth47--,you judge her rightly    
there4  ,riccabocca4--,now1 in pecuniary
 matters1 as you may conjecture from my 
mode of life1 ,i have nothing to offer  
to ,miss ,hazeldean correspondent with  
her own fortune1 whatever that may be6  
,mrs4 ,dale4--,that difficulty is       
obviated by settling ,miss ,hazeldean's 
fortune on herself1 which is customary  

in such cases4  ,dr4 ,riccabocca's face 
lengthened4 ,and my child1 then8 said   
he1 feelingly4 ,there was something in  
that appeal so alien from all sordid and
 merely personal mercenary motives1 that
 ,mrs4 ,dale could not have had the     
heart to make the very rational         
suggestion--,but that child is not      
,jemima's1 and you may have children by 
her4  ,she was touched1 and replied1    
hesitatingly--,but1 from what you and   
,jemima may jointly possess1 you can    
save something annually--you can insure 
your life for your child4 ,we did so    
when our poor child whom we lost was    
born1 7the tears rushed into ,mrs4      
,dale's eyes27 and ,i fear that ,charles
 still insures his life for my sake1    
though ,heaven knows that--that4----    
,the tears burst out4 ,that little      
heart1 quick and petulant though it was1
 had not a fibre of the elastic muscular
 tissues which are mercifully bestowed  
on the hearts of predestined widows4    
,dr4 ,riccabocca could not pursue the   

subject of life insurances further4 ,but
 the idea--which had never occurred to  
the foreigner before1 though so familiar
 to us ,english people when only        
possessed of a life income--pleased him 
greatly4 ,i will do him the justice to  
say1 that he preferred it to the thought
 of actually appropriating to himself   
and to his child a portion of ,miss     
,hazeldean's dower4  ,shortly afterwards
 he took his leave1 and ,mrs4 ,dale     
hastened to seek her husband in his     
study1 inform him of the success of her 
matrimonial scheme1 and consult him as  
to the chance of the ,squire's          
acquiescence therein4 ,you see1 said    
she1 hesitatingly1 though the ,squire   
might be glad to see ,jemima married to 
some ,englishman1 yet1 if he asks who   
and what is this ,dr4 ,riccabocca1 how  
am ,i to answer him8  ,you should have  
thought of that before1 said ,mr4 ,dale1
 with unwonted asperity2 and1 indeed1 if
 ,i had ever believed any thing serious 
could come out of what seemed to me so  

absurd1 ,i should long since have       
requested you not to interfere in such  
matters4 ,good heavens6 continued the   
,parson1 changing color1 if we should   
have assisted1 underhand as it were1 to 
introduce into the family of a man to   
whom we owe so much1 a connection that  
he would dislike6 how base we should    
be6--how ungrateful6  ,poor ,mrs4 ,dale 
was frightened by this speech1 and still
 more by her husband's consternation and
 displeasure4 ,to do ,mrs4 ,dale        
justice1 whenever her mild partner was  
really either grieved or offended1 her  
little temper vanished--she became as   
meek as a lamb4 ,as soon as she         
recovered the first shock she           
experienced1 she hastened to dissipate  
the ,parson's apprehensions4 ,she       
assured him that she was convinced that1
 if the ,squire disapproved of          
,riccabocca's pretensions1 the ,italian 
would withdraw them at once1 and ,mrs4  
,hazeldean would never know of his      
proposals4 ,therefore1 in that case1 no 

harm would be done4  ,this assurance    
coincided with ,mr4 ,dale's convictions 
as to ,riccabocca's scruples on the     
point of honor1 tended much to compose  
the good man2 and if he did not1 as my  
reader of the gentler sex would expect  
from him1 feel alarm lest ,miss         
,jemima's affections should have been   
irretrievably engaged1 and her happiness
 thus put in jeopardy by the ,squire's  
refusal1 it was not that the ,parson    
wanted tenderness of heart1 but         
experience in woman-kind2 and he        
believed1 very erroneously1 that ,miss  
,jemima ,hazeldean was not one upon whom
 a disappointment of that kind would    
produce a lasting impression4 ,therefore
 ,mr4 ,dale1 after a pause of           
consideration1 said kindly----  ,well1  
don't vex yourself--and ,i was to blame 
quite as much as you4 ,but1 indeed1 ,i  
should have thought it easier for the   
,squire to have transplanted one of his 
tall cedars into his kitchen-garden1    
than for you to inveigle ,dr4           

,riccabocca into matrimonial intentions4
 ,but a man who could voluntarily put   
himself into the parish stocks for the  
sake of experiment1 must be capable of  
any thing6 ,however1 ,i think it better 
that ,i1 rather than yourself1 should   
speak to the ,squire1 and ,i will go at 
once4   ,,chapter ,,xxiv4  ,the ,parson 
put on the shovel hat1 which--conjoined 
with other details in his dress         
peculiarly clerical1 and already1 even  
then1 beginning to be out of fashion    
with churchmen--had served to fix upon  
him1 emphatically1 the dignified but    
antiquated style and cognomen of        
,parson2 and took his way towards the   
,home ,farm1 at which he expected to    
find the ,squire4 ,but he had scarcely  
entered upon the village green when he  
beheld ,mr4 ,hazeldean1 leaning both    
hands on his stick1 and gazing intently 
upon the parish stocks4 ,now1 sorry am  
,i to say that1 ever since the ,hegira  
of ,lenny and his mother1 the           
anti-stockian and revolutionary spirit  

in ,hazeldean1 which the memorable      
homily of our ,parson had awhile averted
 or suspended1 had broken forth afresh4 
,for though1 while ,lenny was present to
 be moved and jeered at1 there had been 
no pity for him1 yet no sooner was he   
removed from the scene of trial1 than a 
universal compassion for the barbarous  
usage he had received produced what is  
called the reaction of public opinion4  
,not that those who had mowed and jeered
 repented them of their mockery1 or     
considered themselves in the slightest  
degree the cause of his expatriation4   
,no2 they1 with the rest of the         
villagers1 laid all the blame upon the  
stocks4 ,it was not to be expected that 
a lad of such exemplary character could 
be thrust into that place of ignominy1  
and not be sensible of the affront4 ,and
 who1 in the whole village1 was safe1 if
 such goings-on and puttings-in were to 
be tolerated in silence1 and at the     
expense of the very best and quietest   
lad the village had ever known8 ,thus1 a

 few days after the widow's departure1  
the stocks was again the object of      
midnight desecration3 it was bedaubed   
and bescratched--it was hacked and      
hewed--it was scrawled all over with    
pithy lamentations for ,lenny1 and      
laconic execrations for tyrants4 ,night 
after night new inscriptions appeared1  
testifying the sarcastic wit and the    
vindictive sentiment of the parish4 ,and
 perhaps the stocks themselves were only
 spared from axe and bonfire by the     
convenience they afforded to the malice 
of the disaffected3 they became the     
,pasquin of ,hazeldean4  ,as            
disaffection naturally produces a       
correspondent vigor in authority1 so    
affairs had been lately administered    
with greater severity than had been     
hitherto wont in the easy rule of the   
,squire and his predecessors4 ,suspected
 persons were naturally marked out by   
,mr4 ,stirn1 and reported to his        
employer1 who1 too proud or too pained  
to charge them openly with ingratitude1 

at first only passed them by in his     
walks with a silent and stiff           
inclination of his head2 and afterwards 
gradually yielding to the baleful       
influence of ,stirn1 the ,squire        
grumbled forth that he did not see why  
he should be always putting himself out 
of his way to show kindness to those who
 made such a return4 ,there ought to be 
a difference between the good and the   
bad4 ,encouraged by this admission1     
,stirn had conducted himself towards the
 suspected parties1 and their whole kith
 and kin1 with the iron-handed justice  
that belonged to his character4 ,for    
some1 habitual donations of milk from   
the dairy1 and vegetables from the      
gardens1 were surlily suspended3 others 
were informed that their pigs were      
always trespassing on the woods in      
search of acorns2 or that they were     
violating the ,game ,laws in keeping    
lurchers4 ,a beer-house1 popular in the 
neighborhood1 but of late resorted to   
over-much by the grievance-mongers1 7and

 no wonder1 since they had become the   
popular party17 was threatened with an  
application to the magistrates for the  
withdrawal of its license4 ,sundry old  
women1 whose grandsons were notoriously 
ill-disposed towards the stocks1 were   
interdicted from gathering dead sticks  
under the avenues1 on pretence that they
 broke down the live boughs2 and1 what  
was more obnoxious to the younger       
members of the parish than most other   
retaliatory measures1 three chestnut    
trees1 one walnut1 and two cherry trees1
 standing at the bottom of the park1 and
 which had1 from time immemorial1 been  
given up to the youth of ,hazeldean1    
were now solemnly placed under the      
general defence of private property4    
,and the crier had announced that1      
henceforth1 all depredators on the fruit
 trees in ,copse ,hollow would be       
punished with the utmost rigor of the   
law4 ,stirn1 indeed1 recommended much   
more stringent proceedings than all     
these indications of a change of policy1

 which1 he averred1 would soon bring the
 parish to its senses--such as          
discontinuing many little jobs of       
unprofitable work that employed the     
surplus labor of the village4 ,but there
 the ,squire1 falling into the          
department1 and under the benigner      
influence of his ,harry1 was as yet not 
properly hardened4 ,when it came to a   
question that affected the absolute     
quantity of loaves to be consumed by the
 graceless mouths that fed upon him1 the
 milk of human kindness--with which     
,providence has so bountifully supplied 
that class of the mammalia called the   
,bucolic1 and of which our ,squire had  
an extra yield--burst forth1 and washed 
away all the indignation of the harsher 
,adam4  ,still your policy of half      
measures1 which irritates without       
crushing its victims1 which flaps an    
exasperated wasp-nest with a silk pocket
 handkerchief1 instead of blowing it up 
with a match and train1 is rarely       
successful2 and1 after three or four    

other and much guiltier victims than    
,lenny had been incarcerated in the     
stocks1 the parish of ,hazeldean was    
ripe for any enormity4 ,pestilent       
jacobinical tracts1 conceived and       
composed in the sinks of manufacturing  
towns--found their way into the popular 
beer-house--heaven knows how1 though the
 ,tinker was suspected of being the     
disseminator by all but ,stirn1 who     
still1 in a whisper1 accused the        
,papishers4 ,and1 finally1 there        
appeared amongst the other graphic      
embellishments which the poor stocks had
 received1 the rude gravure of a        
gentleman in a broad-brimmed hat and    
top-boots1 suspended from a gibbet1 with
 the inscription beneath--,a warnin to  
hall tirans--mind your hi6--sighnde     
,captins ,traw4  ,it was upon this      
significant and emblematic portraiture  
that the ,squire was gazing when the    
parson joined him4  ,well1 ,parson1 said
 ,mr4 ,hazeldean1 with a smile which he 
meant to be pleasant and easy1 but which

 was exceedingly bitter and grim1 ,i    
wish you joy of your flock--you see they
 have just hanged me in effigy6  ,the   
,parson stared1 and1 though greatly     
shocked1 smothered his emotions2 and    
attempted1 with the wisdom of the       
serpent and the mildness of the dove1 to
 find another original for the effigy4  
,it is very bad1 quoth he1 but not so   
bad as all that1 ,squire2 that's not the
 shape of your hat4 ,it is evidently    
meant for ,mr4 ,stirn4  ,do you think   
so8 said the ,squire softened4 ,yet the 
top-boots--,stirn never wears top-boots4
  ,no more do you--except in hunting4   
,if you look again1 those are not       
tops--they are leggings--,stirn wears   
leggings4 ,besides1 that flourish1 which
 is meant for a nose1 is a kind of a    
hook like ,stirn's2 whereas your        
nose--though by no means a snub--rather 
turns up than not1 as the ,apollo's     
does1 according to the plaster cast in  
,riccabocca's parlor4  ,poor ,stirn6    
said the ,squire1 in a tone that evinced

 complacency1 not unmingled with        
compassion1 that's what a man gets in   
this world by being a faithful servant1 
and doing his duty with zeal for his    
employer4 ,but you see that things have 
come to a strange pass1 and the question
 now is1 what course to pursue4 ,the    
miscreants hitherto have defied all     
vigilance1 and ,stirn recommends the    
employment of a regular nightwatch with 
a lanthorn and bludgeon4  ,that may     
protect the stocks certainly2 but will  
it keep those detestable tracts out of  
the beer-house8  ,we shall shut the     
beer-house up at the next sessions4     
,the tracts will break out              
elsewhere--the humor's in the blood6    
,i've half a mind to run off to         
,brighton or ,leamington--good hunting  
at ,leamington--for a year1 just to let 
the rogues see how they can get on      
without me6  ,the ,squire's lip         
trembled4  ,my dear ,mr4 ,hazeldean1    
said the ,parson1 taking his friend's   
hand1 ,i don't want to parade my        

superior wisdom2 but if you had taken my
 advice1 quieta non movere4 ,was there  
ever a parish so peaceable as this1 or a
 country-gentleman so beloved as you    
were before you undertook the task which
 has dethroned kings and ruined         
states--that of wantonly meddling with  
antiquity1 whether for the purpose of   
uncalled-for repairs or the revival of  
obsolete uses4  ,at this rebuke1 the    
,squire did not manifest his            
constitutional tendencies to choler2 but
 he replied almost meekly1 ,if it were  
to do again1 faith1 ,i would leave the  
parish to the enjoyment of the shabbiest
 pair of stocks that ever disgraced a   
village4 ,certainly ,i meant it for the 
best--an ornament to the green2 however1
 now they are rebuilt1 the stocks must  
be supported4 ,will ,hazeldean is not   
the man to give way to a set of         
thankless rapscallions4  ,i think1 said 
the ,parson1 that you will allow that   
the ,house of ,tudor1 whatever its      
faults1 was a determined resolute       

dynasty enough--high-hearted and        
strong-headed4 ,a ,tudor would never    
have fallen into the same calamities as 
the poor ,stuart did6  ,what the plague 
has the ,house of ,tudor got to do with 
my stocks8  ,a great deal4 ,henry the   
,,viii4 found a subsidy so unpopular    
that he gave it up2 and the people1 in  
return1 allowed him to cut off as many  
heads as he pleased1 besides those in   
his own family4 ,good ,queen ,bess1 who1
 ,i know1 is your idol in history----   
,to be sure6 she knighted my ancestor at
 ,tilbury ,fort4  ,good ,queen ,bess    
struggled hard to maintain a certain    
monopoly2 she saw it would not do1 and  
she surrendered it with that frank      
heartiness which becomes a sovereign1   
and makes surrender a grace4  ,ha6 and  
you would have me give up the stocks8   
,i would much rather they had stayed as 
they were1 before you touched them2 but1
 as it is1 if you could find a good     
plausible pretext--and there is an      
excellent one at hand2--the sternest    

kings open prisons1 and grant favors1   
upon joyful occasions4 ,now a marriage  
in the royal family is of course a      
joyful occasion6--and so it should be in
 that of the ,king of ,hazeldean4       
,admire that artful turn in the         
,parson's eloquence6--it was worthy of  
,riccabocca himself4 ,indeed1 ,mr4 ,dale
 had profited much by his companionship 
with that ,machiavellian intellect4  ,a 
marriage--yes2 but ,frank has only just 
got into long tails6  ,i did not allude 
to ,frank1 but to your cousin ,jemima6  
,,chapter ,,xxv4  ,the ,squire staggered
 as if the breath had been knocked out  
of him1 and1 for want of a better seat1 
sat down on the stocks4  ,all the female
 heads in the neighboring cottages      
peered1 themselves unseen1 through the  
casements4 ,what could the ,squire be   
about8--what new mischief did he        
meditate8 ,did he mean to fortify the   
stocks8 ,old ,gaffer ,solomons1 who had 
an indefinite idea of the lawful power  
of squires1 and who had been for the    

last ten minutes at watch on his        
threshold1 shook his head and           
said--,them as a cut out the mon1       
a-hanging1 as a put it in the ,squire's 
head6  ,put what8 asked his             
granddaughter4  ,the gallus6 answered   
,solomons--he be a-goin' to have it hung
 from the great elm-tree4 ,and the      
,parson1 good mon1 is a-quoting         
,scripter agin it--you see1 he's a      
taking off his gloves1 and a putting his
 two han's togither1 as he do when he   
pray for the sick1 ,jeany4  ,that       
description of the ,parson's mien and   
manner1 which1 with his usual niceness  
of observation1 ,gaffer ,solomons thus  
sketched off1 will convey to you some   
idea of the earnestness with which the  
,parson pleaded the cause he had        
undertaken to advocate4 ,he dwelt much  
upon the sense of propriety which the   
foreigner had evinced in requesting that
 the ,squire might be consulted before  
any formal communication to his cousin2 
and he repeated ,mrs4 ,dale's assurance1

 that such were ,riccabocca's high      
standard of honor and belief in the     
sacred rights of hospitality1 that1 if  
the ,squire withheld his consent to his 
proposals1 the ,parson was convinced    
that the ,italian would instantly       
retract them4 ,now1 considering that    
,miss ,hazeldean was1 to say the least1 
come to years of discretion1 and the    
,squire had long since placed her       
property entirely at her own disposal1  
,mr4 ,hazeldean was forced to acquiesce 
in the ,parson's corollary remark1 ,that
 this was a delicacy which could not be 
expected from every ,english pretender  
to the lady's hand4 ,seeing that he had 
so far cleared ground1 the ,parson went 
on to intimate1 though with great tact1 
that1 since ,miss ,jemima would probably
 marry sooner or later1 7and1 indeed1   
that the ,squire could not wish to      
prevent her17 it might be better for all
 parties concerned that it should be    
with some one who1 though a foreigner1  
was settled in the neighborhood1 and of 

whose character what was known was      
certainly favorable1 than run the hazard
 of her being married for her money by  
some adventurer or ,irish fortune-hunter
 at the watering-places she yearly      
visited4 ,then he touched lightly on    
,riccabocca's agreeable and             
companionable qualities2 and1 concluded 
with a skilful peroration upon the      
excellent occasion the wedding would    
afford to reconcile ,hall and parish1 by
 making a voluntary holocaust of the    
stocks4  ,as he concluded1 the ,squire's
 brow1 before thoughtful1 though not    
sullen1 cleared up benignly4 ,to say    
truth1 the ,squire was dying to get rid 
of the stocks1 if he could but do so    
handsomely and with dignity2 and if all 
the stars in the astrological horoscope 
had conjoined together to give ,miss    
,jemima assurance of a husband1 they    
could not so have served her with the   
,squire1 as that conjunction between the
 altar and the stocks which the ,parson 
had effected6  ,accordingly1 when ,mr4  

,dale had come to an end1 the ,squire   
replied with great placidity and good   
sense1 ,that ,mr4 ,rickeybockey had     
behaved very much like a gentleman1 and 
that he was very much obliged to him2   
that he 7the ,squire7 had no right to   
interfere in the matter1 farther than   
with his advice2 that ,jemima was old   
enough to choose for herself1 and that1 
as the ,parson had implied1 after all1  
she might go farther and fare           
worse--indeed1 the farther she went1    
7that is1 the longer she waited17 the   
worse she was likely to fare4 ,i own1   
for my part1 continued the ,squire1     
that1 though ,i like ,rickeybockey very 
much1 ,i never suspected that ,jemima   
was caught with his long face2 but      
there's no accounting for tastes4 ,my   
,harry1 indeed1 was more shrewd1 and    
gave me many a hint1 for which ,i only  
laughed at her4 ,still ,i ought to have 
thought it looked queer when ,mounseer  
took to disguising himself by leaving   
off his glasses1 ha--ha6 ,i wonder what 

,harry will say2 let's go and talk to   
her4  ,the ,parson1 rejoiced at this    
easy way of taking the matter1 hooked   
his arm into the ,squire's1 and they    
walked amicably towards the ,hall4 ,but 
on coming first into the gardens1 they  
found ,mrs4 ,hazeldean herself1 clipping
 dead leaves or fading flowers from her 
rose-trees4 ,the ,squire stole slily    
behind her1 and startled her in her turn
 by putting his arm round her waist1 and
 saluting her smooth cheek with one of  
his hearty kisses2 which1 by the way1   
from some association of ideas1 was a   
conjugal freedom that he usually        
indulged whenever a wedding was going on
 in the village4  ,fie1 ,william6 said  
,mrs4 ,hazeldean coyly1 and blushing as 
she saw the ,parson1 ,well1 who's going 
to be married now8  ,lord1 was there    
ever such a woman8--she's guessed it6   
cried the ,squire in great admiration4  
,tell her all about it1 ,parson4  ,the  
,parson obeyed4  ,mrs4 ,hazeldean1 as   
the reader may suppose1 showed much less

 surprise than her husband had done2 but
 she took the news graciously1 and made 
much the same answer as that which had  
occurred to the ,squire1 only with      
somewhat more qualification and reserve4
 ,signor ,riccabocca had behaved very   
handsomely2 and though a daughter of the
 ,hazeldeans of ,hazeldean might expect 
a much better marriage in a worldly     
point of view1 yet as the lady in       
question had deferred finding one so    
long1 it would be equally idle and      
impertinent now to quarrel with her     
choice--if indeed she should decide on  
accepting ,signor ,riccabocca4 ,as for  
fortune1 that was a consideration for   
the two contracting parties4 ,still1 it 
ought to be pointed out to ,miss ,jemima
 that the interest of her fortune would 
afford but a very small income4 ,that   
,dr4 ,riccabocca was a widower was      
another matter for deliberation2 and it 
seemed rather suspicious that he should 
have been hitherto so close upon all    
matters connected with his former life4 

,certainly his manners were in his      
favor1 and as long as he was merely an  
acquaintance1 and at most a tenant1 no  
one had a right to institute inquiries  
of a strictly private nature2 but that1 
when he was about to marry a ,hazeldean 
of ,hazeldean1 it became the ,squire at 
least to know a little more about       
him--who and what he was4 ,why did he   
leave his own country8 ,english people  
went abroad to save2 no foreigner would 
choose ,england as a country in which to
 save money6 ,she supposed that a       
foreign doctor was no very great things2
 probably he had been a professor in    
some ,italian university4 ,at all       
events1 if the ,squire interfered at    
all1 it was on such points that he      
should request information4  ,my dear   
madam1 said the ,parson1 what you say is
 extremely just4 ,as to the causes which
 have induced our friend to expatriate  
himself1 ,i think we need not look far  
for them4 ,he is evidently one of the   
many ,italian refugees whom political   

disturbances have driven to our shore1  
whose boast is to receive all exiles of 
whatever party4 ,for his respectability 
of birth and family he certainly ought  
to obtain some vouchers4 ,and if that be
 the only objection1 ,i trust we may    
soon congratulate ,miss ,hazeldean on a 
marriage with a man who1 though         
certainly very poor1 has borne          
privations without a murmur2 has        
preferred all hardships to debt2 has    
scorned to attempt betraying her into   
any clandestine connection2 who1 in     
short1 has shown himself so upright and 
honest1 that ,i hope my dear ,mr4       
,hazeldean will forgive him if he is    
only a ,doctor--probably of ,laws--and  
not1 as most foreigners pretend to be1 a
 marquis1 or a baron at least4  ,as to  
that1 cried the ,squire1 'tis the best  
think ,i know about ,rickeybockey1 that 
he don't attempts to humbug us by any   
such foreign trumpery4 ,thank heaven1   
the ,hazeldeans of ,hazeldean were never
 turf-hunters and title-mongers2 and if 

,i never ran after an ,english lord1 ,i 
should certainly be devilishly ashamed  
of a brother-in-law whom ,i was forced  
to call markee or count6 ,i should feel 
sure he was a courier1 or runaway       
valley-de-sham4 ,turn up your nose at a 
doctor1 indeed1 ,harry6--pshaw1 good    
,english style that6 ,doctor6 my aunt   
married a ,doctor of                    
,divinity--excellent man--wore a wig1   
and was made a dean6 ,so long as        
,rickeybockey is not a doctor of physic1
 ,i don't care a button4 ,if he's that1 
indeed1 it would be suspicious2 because1
 you see1 those foreign doctors of      
physic are quacks1 and tell fortunes1   
and go about on a stage with a          
,merry-,andrew4  ,lord1 ,hazeldean6     
where on earth did you pick up that     
idea8 said ,harry1 laughing4  ,pick it  
up6--why1 ,i saw a fellow myself at the 
cattle fair last year--when ,i was      
buying short-horns--with a red waistcoat
 and a cocked hat1 a little like the    
,parson's shovel4 ,he called himself    

,doctor ,phoscophornio--wore a white wig
 and sold pills6 ,the ,merry-,andrew was
 the funniest creature--in              
salmon-colored tights--turned head over 
heels1 and said he came from ,timbuctoo4
 ,no1 no2 if ,rickeybockey's a physic   
,doctor1 we shall have ,jemima in a pink
 tinsel dress1 tramping about the       
country in a caravan6  ,at this notion1 
both the ,squire and his wife laughed so
 heartily that the ,parson felt the     
thing was settled1 and slipped away1    
with the intention of making his report 
to ,riccabocca4   ,,chapter ,,xxvi4  ,it
 was with a slight disturbance of his   
ordinary suave and well-bred equanimity 
that the ,italian received the          
information1 that he need apprehend no  
obstacle to his suit from the insular   
prejudices or the worldly views of the  
lady's family4 ,not that he was mean and
 cowardly enough to recoil from the near
 and unclouded prospect of that felicity
 which he had left off his glasses to   
behold with unblinking naked eyes3--no1 

there his mind was made up2 but he had  
met with very little kindness in life1  
and he was touched not only by the      
interest in his welfare testified by a  
heretical priest1 but by the generosity 
with which he was admitted into a       
well-born and wealthy family1 despite   
his notorious poverty and his foreign   
descent4 ,he conceded the propriety of  
the only stipulation1 which was conveyed
 to him by the ,parson with all the     
delicacy that became a man              
professionally habituated to deal with  
the subtler susceptibilities of         
mankind--viz41 that1 amongst            
,riccabocca's friends or kindred1 some  
one should be found whose report would  
confirm the persuasion of his           
respectability entertained by his       
neighbors2--he assented1 ,i say1 to the 
propriety of this condition2 but it was 
not with alacrity and eagerness4 ,his   
brow became clouded4 ,the ,parson       
hastened to assure him that the ,squire 
was not a man qui stupet in titulis1    

7who was besotted with titles17 that he 
neither expected nor desired to find an 
origin and rank for his brother-in-law  
above that decent mediocrity of         
condition to which it was evident1 from 
,riccabocca's breeding and              
accomplishments1 he could easily        
establish his claim4 ,and though1 said  
he1 smiling1 the ,squire is a warm      
politician in his own country1 and would
 never see his sister again1 ,i fear1 if
 she married some convicted enemy of our
 happy constitution1 yet for foreign    
politics he does not care a straw2 so   
that if1 as ,i suspect1 your exile      
arises from some quarrel with your      
government--which1 being foreign1 he    
takes for granted must be               
insupportable--he would but consider you
 as he would a ,saxon who fled from the 
iron hand of ,william the ,conqueror1 or
 a ,lancastrian expelled by the         
,yorkists in our ,wars of the ,roses4   
,the ,italian smiled4 ,mr4 ,hazeldean   
shall be satisfied1 said he simply4 ,i  

see1 by the ,squire's newspaper1 that an
 ,english gentleman who knew me in my   
own country has just arrived in ,london4
 ,i will write to him for a testimonial1
 at least to my probity and character4  
,probably he may be known to you by     
name--nay1 he must be1 for he was a     
distinguished officer in the late war4  
,i allude to ,lord ,l',estrange4  ,the  
parson started4  ,you know ,lord        
,l',estrange8--a profligate bad man1 ,i 
fear4  ,profligate6--bad6 exclaimed     
,riccabocca4 ,well1 calumnious as the   
world is1 ,i should never have thought  
that such expressions would be applied  
to one who1 though ,i knew him but      
little--knew him chiefly by the service 
he once rendered to me--first taught me 
to love and revere the ,english name6   
,he may be changed since---- ,the parson
 paused4  ,since when8 asked            
,riccabocca1 with evident curiosity4    
,mr4 ,dale seemed embarrassed4 ,excuse  
me1 said he1 it is many years ago2 and1 
in short1 the opinion ,i then formed of 

the gentleman in question was based upon
 circumstances which ,i cannot          
communicate4  ,the punctilious ,italian 
bowed in silence but he still looked as 
if he should have liked to prosecute    
inquiry4  ,after a pause1 he said1      
,whatever your impressions respecting   
,lord ,l',estrange1 there is nothing1 ,i
 suppose1 which would lead you to doubt 
his honor1 or reject his testimonial in 
my favor8  ,according to fashionable    
morality1 said ,mr4 ,dale1 rather       
precisely1 ,i know of nothing that could
 induce me to suppose that ,lord        
,l',estrange would not1 in this         
instance1 speak the truth4 ,and he has  
unquestionably a high reputation as a   
soldier1 and a considerable position in 
the world4 ,therewith the ,parson took  
his leave4 ,a few days afterwards ,dr4  
,riccabocca inclosed to the ,squire1 in 
a blank envelope1 a letter he had       
received from ,harley ,l',estrange4 ,it 
was evidently intended for the ,squire's
 eye1 and to serve as a voucher for the 

,italian's respectability2 but this     
object was fulfilled1 not in the coarse 
form of a direct testimonial1 but with a
 tact and delicacy which seemed to show 
more than the fine breeding to be       
expected from one in ,lord              
,l',estrange's station4 ,it argued that 
most exquisite of all politeness which  
comes from the heart3 a certain tone of 
affectionate respect 7which even the    
homely sense of the ,squire felt1       
intuitively1 proved far more in favor of
 ,riccabocca than the most elaborate    
certificate of his qualities and        
antecedents7 pervaded the whole1 and    
would have sufficed in itself to remove 
all scruples from a mind much more      
suspicious and exacting than that of the
 ,squire of ,hazeldean4 ,but1 lo and    
behold6 an obstacle now occurred to the 
,parson1 of which he ought to have      
thought long before--viz41 the          
,papistical religion of the ,italian4   
,dr4 ,riccabocca was professedly a      
,roman ,catholic4 ,he so little obtruded

 that fact--and1 indeed1 had assented so
 readily to any animadversions upon the 
superstition and priestcraft which1     
according to ,protestants1 are the      
essential characteristics of ,papistical
 communities--that it was not till the  
hymeneal torch1 which brings all faults 
to light1 was fairly illumined for the  
altar1 that the remembrance of a faith  
so cast into the shade burst upon the   
conscience of the ,parson4 ,the first   
idea that then occurred to him was the  
proper and professional one--viz41 the  
conversion of ,dr4 ,riccabocca4 ,he     
hastened to his study1 took down from   
his shelves long neglected volumes of   
controversial divinity1 armed himself   
with an arsenal of authorities1         
arguments1 and texts2 then1 seizing the 
shovel-hat1 posted off to the ,casino4  
,,chapter ,,xxvii4  ,the ,parson burst  
upon the philosopher like an avalanche6 
,he was so full of his subject that he  
could not let it out in prudent         
driblets4 ,no1 he went souse upon the   

astounded ,riccabocca--                 
,tremendo1     ,jupiter ipse ruens      
tumultu4  ,the sage--shrinking deeper   
into his arm-chair1 and drawing his     
dressing-robe more closely round        
him--suffered the ,parson to talk for   
three quarters of an hour1 till indeed  
he had thoroughly proved his case2 and1 
like ,brutus1 paused for a reply4  ,then
 said ,riccabocca mildly1 ,in much of   
what you have urged so ably1 and so     
suddenly1 ,i am inclined to agree4 ,but 
base is the man who formally forswears  
the creed he has inherited from his     
fathers1 and professed since the cradle 
up to years of maturity1 when the change
 presents itself in the guise of a      
bribe2--when1 for such is human nature1 
he can hardly distinguish or disentangle
 the appeal to his reason from the lure 
to his interests--here a text1 and there
 a dowry6--here ,protestantism1 there   
,jemima6--,own1 my friend1 that the     
soberest casuist would see double under 
the inebriating effects produced by so  

mixing his polemical liquors4 ,appeal1  
my good ,mr4 ,dale1 from ,philip drunken
 to ,philip sober6--from ,riccabocca    
intoxicated with the assurance of your  
excellent lady1 that he is about to be  
the happiest of men1 to ,riccabocca     
accustomed to his happiness1 and        
carrying it off with the seasoned       
equability of one grown familiar with   
stimulants--in a word1 appeal from      
,riccabocca the wooer to ,riccabocca the
 spouse4 ,i may be convertible1 but     
conversion is a slow process2 courtship 
should be a quick one--ask ,miss        
,jemima4 ,finalmente1 marry me first1   
and convert me afterwards6  ,you take   
this too jestingly1 began the ,parson2  
and ,i don't see why1 with your         
excellent understanding1 truths so plain
 and obvious should not strike you at   
once4  ,truths1 interrupted ,riccabocca 
profoundly1 are the slowest growing     
things in the world6 ,it took #aejj     
years from the date of the ,christian   
era to produce your own ,luther1 and    

then he flung his ,bible at ,satan1 7,i 
have seen the mark made by the book on  
the wall of his prison in ,germany17    
besides running off with a nun1 which no
 ,protestant clergyman would think it   
proper and right to do now-a-days4 ,then
 he added1 with seriousness1 ,look you1 
my dear sir1--,i should lose my own     
esteem if ,i were even to listen to you 
now with becoming attention1--now1 ,i   
say1 when you hint that the creed ,i    
have professed may be in the way of my  
advantage4 ,if so1 ,i must keep the     
creed and resign the advantage4 ,but if1
 as ,i trust--not only as a ,christian1 
but a man of honor--you will defer this 
discussion1 ,i will promise to listen to
 you hereafter2 and though1 to say      
truth1 ,i believe that you will not     
convert me1 ,i will promise you         
faithfully never to interfere with my   
wife's religion4  ,and any children you 
may have8  ,children6 said ,dr4         
,riccabocca1 recoiling--you are not     
contented with firing your pocket-pistol

 right in my face2 you must also pepper 
me all over with small-shot4 ,children6 
well1 if they are girls1 let them follow
 the faith of their mother2 and if boys1
 while in childhood1 let them be        
contented with learning to be           
,christians2 and when they grow into    
men1 let them choose for themselves     
which is the best form for the practice 
of the great principles which all sects 
have in common4  ,but1 began ,mr4 ,dale 
again1 pulling a large book from his    
pocket4  ,dr4 ,riccabocca flung open the
 window1 and jumped out of it4  ,it was 
the rapidest and most dastardly flight  
you could possibly conceive2 but it was 
a great compliment to the argumentative 
powers of the ,parson1 and he felt it as
 such4 ,nevertheless1 ,mr4 ,dale thought
 it right to have a long conversation1  
both with the ,squire and ,miss ,jemima 
herself1 upon the subject which his     
intended convert had so ignominiously   
escaped4  ,the ,squire1 though a great  
foe to ,popery1 politically considered1 

had also quite as great a hatred to     
turn-coats and apostates4 ,and in his   
heart he would have despised ,riccabocca
 if he could have thrown off his        
religion as easily as he had done his   
spectacles4 ,therefore he said          
simply--,well1 it is certainly a great  
pity that ,rickeybockey is not of the   
,church of ,england1 though1 ,i take it1
 that would be unreasonable to expect in
 a man born and bred under the nose of  
the ,inquisition1 7the ,squire firmly   
believed that the ,inquisition was in   
full force in all the ,italian states1  
with whips1 racks1 and thumbscrews2 and1
 indeed1 his chief information of ,italy
 was gathered from a perusal he had     
given in early youth to ,the            
,one-,handed ,monk27 but ,i think he    
speaks very fairly1 on the whole1 as to 
his wife and children4 ,and the thing's 
gone too far now to retract4 ,it is all 
your fault for not thinking of it       
before2 and ,i've now just made up my   
mind as to the course to pursue         

respecting those--d----d stocks6  ,as   
for ,miss ,jemima1 the ,parson left her 
with a pious thanksgiving that          
,riccabocca at least was a ,christian1  
and not a ,pagan1 ,mahometan1 or ,jew6  
,,chapter ,,xxviii4  ,there is that in a
 wedding which appeals to a universal   
sympathy4 ,no other event in the lives  
of their superiors in rank creates an   
equal sensation amongst the humbler     
classes4  ,from the moment the news had 
spread throughout the village that ,miss
 ,jemima was to be married1 all the old 
affection for the ,squire and his house 
burst forth the stronger for its        
temporary suspension4 ,who could think  
of the stocks in such a season8 ,they   
were swept out of fashion--hunted from  
remembrance as completely as the        
question of ,repeal or the thought of   
,rebellion from the warm ,irish heart1  
when the fair young face of the ,royal  
,wife beamed on the sister isle4  ,again
 cordial courtesies were dropped at the 
thresholds by which the ,squire passed  

to his home farm2 again the sunburnt    
brows uncovered--no more with sullen    
ceremony--were smoothed into cheerful   
gladness at his nod4 ,nay1 the little   
ones began again to assemble at their   
ancient rendezvous by the stocks1 as if 
either familiarized with the phenomenon1
 or convinced that1 in the general      
sentiment of good-will1 its powers of   
evil were annulled4  ,the ,squire tasted
 once more the sweets of the only       
popularity which is much worth having1  
and the loss of which a wise man would  
reasonably deplore2 viz41 the popularity
 which arises from a persuasion of our  
goodness1 and a reluctance to recall our
 faults4 ,like all blessings1 the more  
sensibly felt from previous             
interruption1 the ,squire enjoyed this  
restored popularity with an exhilarated 
sense of existence2 his stout heart beat
 more vigorously1 his stalwart step trod
 more lightly2 his comely ,english face 
looked comelier and more ,english than  
ever2--you would have been a merrier man

 for a week to have come within hearing 
of his jovial laugh4  ,he felt grateful 
to ,jemima and to ,riccabocca as the    
special agents of ,providence in this   
general integratio amoris4 ,to have     
looked at him1 you would suppose that it
 was the ,squire who was going to be    
married a second time to his ,harry6    
,one may well conceive that such would  
have been an inauspicious moment for    
,parson ,dale's theological scruples4   
,to have stopped that marriage--chilled 
all the sunshine it diffused over the   
village--seen himself surrounded again  
by long1 sulky visages1--,i verily      
believe1 though a better friend of      
,church and ,state never stood on a     
hustings1 that1 rather than court such a
 revulsion1 the ,squire would have found
 jesuitical excuses for the marriage if 
,riccabocca had been discovered to be   
the ,pope in disguise6 ,as for the      
stocks1 their fate was now irrevocably  
sealed4 ,in short1 the marriage was     
concluded--first privately1 according to

 the bridegroom's creed1 by a ,roman    
,catholic clergyman1 who lived in a town
 some miles off1 and next publicly in   
the village church of ,hazeldean4  ,it  
was the heartiest rural wedding6        
,village girls strewed flowers on the   
way2--a booth was placed amidst the     
prettiest scenery of the park1 on the   
margin of the lake--for there was to be 
a dance later in the day2 an ox was     
roasted whole4 ,even ,mr4 ,stirn--no1   
,mr4 ,stirn was not present1 so much    
happiness would have been the death of  
him6 ,and the ,papisher too1 who had    
conjured ,lenny out of the stocks2 nay1 
who had himself sat in the stocks for   
the very purpose of bringing them into  
contempt--the ,papisher6 he had as lief 
,miss ,jemima had married the devil6    
,indeed1 he was persuaded that1 in point
 of fact1 it was all one and the same4  
,therefore ,mr4 ,stirn had asked leave  
to go and attend his uncle the          
pawnbroker1 about to undergo a torturing
 operation for the stone6 ,frank was    

there1 summoned from ,eton for the      
occasion--having grown two inches taller
 since he left--for the one inch of     
which nature was to be thanked1 for the 
other a new pair of resplendent         
,wellingtons4 ,but the boy's joy was    
less apparent than that of others4 ,for 
,jemima was a special favorite with him1
 as she would have been with all        
boys--for she was always kind and       
gentle1 and made many pretty presents   
whenever she came from the              
watering-places4 ,and ,frank knew that  
he should miss her sadly1 and thought   
she had made a very queer choice4       
,captain ,higginbotham had been invited2
 but1 to the astonishment of ,jemima1 he
 had replied to the invitation by a     
letter to herself1 marked private and   
confidential4 ,she must have long known1
 said the letter1 of his devoted        
attachment to her2 motives of delicacy1 
arising from the narrowness of his      
income and the magnanimity of his       
sentiments1 had alone prevented his     

formal proposals2 but now that he was   
informed 7he could scarcely believe his 
senses1 or command his passions7 that   
her relations wished to force her into a
 ,,barbarous marriage with a foreigner  
of ,,most ,,forbidding ,,appearance1 and
 most abject circumstances1 he lost not 
a moment in laying at her feet his own  
hand and fortune4 ,and he did this the  
more confidently1 inasmuch as he could  
not but be aware of ,miss ,jemima's     
,,secret feelings towards him1 while he 
was proud and happy to say1 that his    
dear and distinguished cousin1 ,mr4     
,sharpe ,currie1 had honored him with a 
warmth of regard1 which justified the   
most brilliant ,,expectations--likely to
 be soon realized--as his eminent       
relative had contracted a very bad liver
 complaint in the service of his        
country1 and could not last long6  ,in  
all the years they had known each other1
 ,miss ,jemima1 strange as it may       
appear1 had never once suspected the    
,captain of any other feelings to her   

than those of a brother4 ,to say that   
she was not gratified by learning her   
mistake1 would be to say that she was   
more than woman4 ,indeed1 it must have  
been a source of no ignoble triumph to  
think that she could prove her          
disinterested affection to her dear     
,riccabocca1 by a prompt rejection of   
this more brilliant offer4 ,she couched 
the rejection1 it is true1 in the most  
soothing terms4 ,but the ,captain       
evidently considered himself ill used2  
he did not reply to the letter1 and did 
not come to the wedding4  ,to let the   
reader into a secret1 never known to    
,miss ,jemima1 ,captain ,higginbotham   
was much less influenced by ,cupid than 
by ,plutus in the offer he had made4    
,the ,captain was one of that class of  
gentlemen who read their accounts by    
those corpse-lights1 or                 
will-o'-the-wisps1 called expectations4 
,ever since the ,squire's grandfather   
had left him--then in short clothes--a  
legacy of ,l#ejj1 the ,captain had      

peopled the future with expectations6   
,he talked of his expectations as a man 
talks of shares in a ,tontine2 they     
might fluctuate a little--be now up and 
now down--but it was morally impossible1
 if he lived on1 but that he should be a
 millionaire one of these days4 ,now1   
though ,miss ,jemima was a good fifteen 
years younger than himself1 yet she     
always stood for a good round sum in the
 ghostly books of the ,captain4 ,she was
 an expectation to the full amount of   
her ,l#djjj1 seeing that ,frank was an  
only child1 and it would be carrying    
coals to ,newmarket to leave him any    
thing4  ,rather than see so considerable
 a cipher suddenly spunged out of his   
visionary ledger--rather than so much   
money should vanish clean out of the    
family1 ,captain ,higginbotham had taken
 what he conceived1 if a desperate1 at  
least a certain1 step for the           
preservation of his property4 ,if the   
golden horn could not be had without the
 heifer1 why1 he must take the heifer   

into the bargain4 ,he had never formed  
to himself an idea that a heifer so     
gentle would toss and fling him over4   
,the blow was stunning4 ,but no one     
compassionates the misfortunes of the   
covetous1 though few perhaps are in     
greater need of compassion4 ,and leaving
 poor ,captain ,higginbotham to retrieve
 his illusory fortunes as he best may   
among the expectations which gathered   
round the form of ,mr4 ,sharpe ,currie1 
who was the crossest old tyrant         
imaginable1 and never allowed at his    
table any dishes not compounded with    
rice1 which played ,old ,nick with the  
,captain's constitutional functions1--,i
 return to the wedding at ,hazeldean1   
just in time to see the bridegroom--who 
looked singularly well on the           
occasion--hand the bride 7who1 between  
sunshiny tears and affectionate smiles1 
was really a very interesting and even a
 pretty bride1 as brides go7 into a     
carriage which the ,squire had presented
 to them1 and depart on the orthodox    

nuptial excursion amidst the blessings  
of the assembled crowd4  ,it may be     
thought strange by the unreflective that
 these rural spectators should so have  
approved and blessed the marriage of a  
,hazeldean of ,hazeldean with a poor1   
outlandish1 long-haired foreigner2 but1 
besides that ,riccabocca1 after all1 had
 become one of the neighborhood1 and was
 proverbially 'a civil-spoken           
gentleman1' it is generally noticeable  
that on wedding occasions the bride so  
monopolizes interest1 curiosity1 and    
admiration1 that the bridegroom himself 
goes for little or nothing4 ,he is      
merely the passive agent in the         
affair--the unregarded cause of the     
general satisfaction4 ,it was not       
,riccabocca himself that they approved  
and blessed--it was the gentleman in the
 white waistcoat who had made ,miss     
,jemima--,madam ,rickeybocky6  ,leaning 
on his wife's arm1 7for it was a habit  
of the ,squire to lean on his wife's arm
 rather than she on his1 when he was    

specially pleased2 and there was        
something touching in the sight of that 
strong sturdy frame thus insensibly1 in 
hours of happiness1 seeking dependence  
on the frail arm of woman71--leaning1 ,i
 say1 on his wife's arm1 the ,squire1   
about the hour of sunset1 walked down to
 the booth by the lake4  ,all the       
parish--young and old1 man1 woman1 and  
child--were assembled there1 and their  
faces seemed to bear one family         
likeness1 in the common emotion which   
animated all1 as they turned to his     
frank fatherly smile4 ,squire ,hazeldean
 stood at the head of the long table3 he
 filled a horn with ale from the        
brimming tankard beside him4 ,then he   
looked round1 and lifted his hand to    
request silence2 and1 ascending the     
chair1 rose in full view of all4 ,every 
one felt that the ,squire was about to  
make a speech1 and the earnestness of   
the attention was proportioned to the   
rarity of the event2 for 7though he was 
not unpractised in the oratory of the   

hustings71 only thrice before had the   
,squire made what could fairly be called
 'a speech' to the villagers of         
,hazeldean--once on a kindred festive   
occasion1 when he had presented to them 
his bride--once in a contested election 
for the shire1 in which he took more    
than ordinary interest1 and was not     
quite so sober as he ought to have      
been--once in a time of great           
agricultural distress1 when1 in spite of
 reduction of rents1 the farmers had    
been compelled to discard a large number
 of their customary laborers2 and when  
the ,squire had said1--,i have given up 
keeping the hounds1 because ,i want to  
make a fine piece of water 7that was the
 origin of the lake71 and to drain all  
the low lands round the park4 ,let every
 man who wants work come to me6 ,and    
that sad year the parish rates of       
,hazeldean were not a penny the more4   
,now1 for the fourth time1 the ,squire  
rose1 and thus he spoke4 ,at his right  
hand1 ,harry2 at his left1 ,frank4 ,at  

the bottom of the table1 as             
vice-president1 ,parson ,dale1 his      
little wife behind him1 only obscurely  
seen4 ,she cried readily1 and her       
handkerchief was already before her     
eyes4   ,,chapter ,,xxix4--,,the        
,,squire',s ,,speech4  ,friends and     
neighbors3--,i thank you kindly for     
coming round me this day1 and for       
showing so much interest in me and mine4
 ,my cousin was not born amongst you as 
,i was1 but you have known her from a   
child4 ,it is a familiar face1 and one  
that never frowned1 which you will miss 
at your cottage doors1 as ,i and mine   
will miss it long in the old hall----   
,here there was a sob from some of the  
women1 and nothing was seen of ,mrs4    
,dale but the white handkerchief4 ,the  
,squire himself paused1 and brushed away
 a tear with the back of his hand4 ,then
 he resumed1 with a sudden change of    
voice that was electrical--,for we none 
of us prize a blessing till we have lost
 it6 ,now1 friends and neighbors1--a    

little time ago1 it seemed as if some   
ill-will had crept into the             
village--ill-will between you and me1   
neighbors6--why1 that is not like       
,hazeldean6  ,the audience hung their   
heads6 ,you never saw people look so    
thoroughly ashamed of themselves4 ,the  
,squire proceeded--,i don't say it was  
all your fault2 perhaps it was mine4    
,noa-noa-noa1 burst forth in a general  
chorus4  ,nay1 friends1 continued the   
,squire humbly1 and in one of those     
illustrative aphorisms which1 if less   
subtle than ,riccabocca's1 were more    
within reach of the popular             
comprehension2 nay--we are all human2   
and every man has his hobby2 sometimes  
he breaks in the hobby1 and sometimes   
the hobby1 if it is very hard in the    
mouth1 breaks in him4 ,one man's hobby  
has an ill habit of always stopping at  
the public house6 7,laughter47 ,another 
man's hobby refuses to stir a peg beyond
 the door where some buxom lass patted  
its neck the week before--a hobby ,i    

rode pretty often when ,i went courting 
my good wife here6 7,much laughter and  
applause47 ,others1 have a lazy hobby1  
that there's no getting on2--others1 a  
runaway hobby that there's no stopping3 
but to cut the matter short1 my favorite
 hobby1 as you well know1 is always     
trotted out to any place on my property 
which seems to want the eye and hand of 
the master4 ,i hate 7cried the ,squire  
warming71 to see things neglected and   
decayed1 and going to the dogs6 ,this   
land we live in is a good mother to us1 
and we can't do too much for her4 ,it is
 very true1 neighbors1 that ,i owe her a
 good many acres1 and ought to speak    
well of her2 but what then8 ,i live     
amongst you1 and what ,i take from the  
rent with one hand1 ,i divide amongst   
you with the other1 7low1 but assenting 
murmurs47 ,now the more ,i improve my   
property1 the more mouths it feeds4 ,my 
great-grandfather kept a ,field-,book1  
in which were entered not only the names
 of all the farmers and the quantity of 

land they held1 but the average number  
of the laborers each employed4 ,my      
grandfather and father followed his     
example3 ,i have done the same4 ,i find1
 neighbors1 that our rents have doubled 
since my great-grandfather began to make
 the book4 ,ay--but there are more than 
four times the number of laborers       
employed on the estate1 and at much     
better wages too6 ,well1 my men1 that   
says a great deal in favor of improving 
property1 and not letting it go to the  
dogs4 7,applause47 ,and therefore1      
neighbors1 you will kindly excuse my    
hobby3 it carries grist to your mill4   
7,reiterated applause47 ,well--but you  
will say1 ',what's the ,squire driving  
at8' ,why this1 my friends3 ,there was  
only one worn-out1 dilapidated1         
tumble-down thing in the ,parish of     
,hazeldean1 and it became an eyesore to 
me2 so ,i saddled my hobby1 and rode at 
it4 ,o ho6 you know what ,i mean now6   
,yes1 but neighbors1 you need not have  
taken it so to heart4 ,that was a scurvy

 trick of some of you to hang me in     
effigy1 as they call it4  ,it warn't    
you1 cried a voice in the crowd1 it war 
,nick ,stirn4  ,the ,squire recognized  
the voice of the tinker2 but though he  
now guessed at the ringleader1--on that 
day of general amnesty1 he had the      
prudence and magnanimity not to say1    
,stand forth1 ,sprott3 thou art the man4
 ,yet his gallant ,english spirit would 
not suffer him to come off at the       
expense of his servant4  ,if it was     
,nick ,stirn you meant1 said he gravely1
 more shame for you4 ,it showed some    
pluck to hang the master2 but to hang   
the poor servant1 who only thought to do
 his duty1 careless of what ill-will it 
brought upon him1 was a shabby trick--so
 little like the lads of ,hazeldean1    
that ,i suspect the man who taught it to
 them was never born in the parish4 ,but
 let bygones be bygones4 ,one thing is  
clear1 you don't take kindly to my new  
pair of stocks6 ,they have been a       
stumbling-block and a grievance1 and    

there's no denying that we went on very 
pleasantly without them4 ,i may also say
 that in spite of them we have been     
coming together again lately4 ,and ,i   
can't tell you what good it did me to   
see your children playing again on the  
green1 and your honest faces1 in spite  
of the stocks1 and those diabolical     
tracts you've been reading lately1      
lighted up at the thought that something
 pleasant was going on at the ,hall4 ,do
 you know1 neighbors1 you put me in mind
 of an old story which1 besides applying
 to the ,parish1 all who are married1   
and all who intend to marry1 will do    
well to recollect4 ,a worthy couple1    
named ,john and ,joan1 had lived happily
 together many a long year1 till one    
unlucky day they bought a new bolster4  
,joan said the bolster was too hard1 and
 ,john that it was too soft4 ,so1 of    
course1 they quarrelled4 ,after sulking 
all day1 they agreed to put the bolster 
between them at night4 7,roars of       
laughter amongst the men2 the women did 

not know which way to look1 except1     
indeed1 ,mrs4 ,hazeldean1 who1 though   
she was more than usually rosy1         
maintained her innocent genial smile1 as
 much as to say1 ,there is no harm in   
the ,squire's jests47 ,the orator       
resumed--,after they had thus lain apart
 for a little time1 very silent and     
sullen1 ,john sneezed4 ',god bless you6'
 says ,joan over the bolster4 ',did you 
say ,god bless me8' cries ,john2--'then 
here goes the bolster6'  ,prolonged     
laughter and tumultuous applause4       
,friends and neighbors1 said the ,squire
 when silence was restored1 and lifting 
the horn of ale1 ,i have the pleasure to
 inform you that ,i have ordered the    
stocks to be taken down1 and made into a
 bench for the chimney nook of our old  
friend ,gaffer ,solomons yonder4 ,but   
mind me1 lads1 if ever you make the     
,parish regret the loss of the stocks1  
and the overseers come to me with long  
faces and say1 'the stocks must be      
rebuilded1' why-- ,here from all the    

youth of the village rose so deprecating
 a clamor1 that the ,squire would have  
been the most bungling orator in the    
world if he had said a word further on  
the subject4 ,he elevated the horn over 
his head--,why1 that's my old ,hazeldean
 again6 ,health and long life to you    
all6  ,the ,tinker had sneaked out of   
the assembly1 and did not show his face 
in the village for the next six months4 
,and as to those poisonous tracts1 in   
spite of their salubrious labels1 the   
,poor ,man's ,friend1 or the ,rights of 
,labor1 you could no more have found one
 of them lurking in the drawers of the  
kitchen-dressers in ,hazeldean1 than you
 would have found the deadly nightshade 
on the flower-stands in the drawing-room
 of the ,hall4 ,as for the revolutionary
 beer-house1 there was no need to apply 
to the magistrates to shut it up2 it    
shut itself up before the week was out4 
,o young head of the great ,house of    
,hapsburg1 what a ,hazeldean you might  
have made of ,hungary6 ,what a ,moriamur

 pro rege nostro would have rang in your
 infant reign1--if you had made such a  
speech as the ,squire's6  ,,footnotes3  
,r ,the ,emperor ,diocletian4  ,s ,the  
title of ,excellency does not1 in       
,italian1 necessarily express any       
exalted rank3 but it is often given by  
servants to their masters4              
,historical ,review of the ,month4   ,in
 this number of the ,international1     
copying the example of the oldest       
magazine in the world1 ,the             
,gentleman's1 which for a hundred years 
has found its account in such a         
department1 we present a carefully      
prepared and succinct summary of the    
history of the world1 as it has come to 
our knowledge during the past month4 ,it
 is intended hereafter to continue this 
feature in the ,international1 devoting 
to it such attention that our pages     
shall always be deserving of            
consultation as an authority in regard  
to contemporary events4 ,in the general 
characteristics of this department we   

shall offer nothing very original2 the  
examples of our ,english contemporaries 
will be generally adhered to2 but the   
utmost care and candor will be evinced  
in every resume of affairs or opinions  
admitted to our pages4   ,,the ,,united 
,,states4  ,as the session of ,congress 
draws near to its close1 its proceedings
 become more animated and interesting4  
,it is already evident1 however1 that   
but few of the questions recommended for
 its consideration can be disposed of   
before its adjournment4 ,one of its most
 important acts was the passage of the  
,cheap ,postage ,bill1 in the ,house1 on
 the seventeenth of ,january1 by a vote 
of #acj to #ge4 ,this bill provides for 
a uniform rate of three cents per       
half-ounce1 on letters1 and a material  
reduction in the rates charged for      
newspapers and periodicals4 ,the ,senate
 ,committee to whom the bill was        
referred1 have reported amendments      
raising the postage to five cents on    
unpaid letters1 striking out the        

provision allowing newspapers to go free
 within thirty miles of their place of  
publication1 and reducing postage on    
magazines fifty per cent when prepaid4  
,the ,french ,spoliation ,bill1 after   
considerable discussion1 passed the     
,senate on ,friday1 ,january #bdth4 ,the
 bill provides for the payment of claims
 based on the detention of vessels in   
the port of ,bordeaux1 the forcible     
capture and detention of ,american      
citizens1 and depredations on ,american 
commerce in the ,west ,indies1 to the   
amount of #e1jjj1jjj4  ,the bill to     
ascertain and settle ,private ,land     
,claims in ,california1 introduced by   
,mr4 ,fremont towards the close of last 
session1 was called up by ,mr4 ,gwin1   
his colleague1 on the twenty-seventh of 
,january4 ,mr4 ,gwin offered a          
substitute1 which was agreed to in      
,committee of the ,whole1 when the bill 
was reported to the ,senate4 ,after a   
most animated debate1 in which the bill 
was strongly opposed by ,mr4 ,benton1 it

 finally passed the ,senate on the sixth
 of ,february4  ,the bill introduced in 
the ,house for the establishment of     
,branch ,mints in ,new-,york and ,san   
,francisco gave rise to an exciting     
debate4 ,the bill was discussed for     
several days1 the ,pennsylvania members 
opposing it in a body4 ,its defeat was  
finally accomplished on ,wednesday1     
,february #eth4 ,since then ,mr4 ,gwin  
has introduced in the ,senate a separate
 bill for the establishment of a ,branch
 ,mint in ,san ,francisco4 ,a joint     
resolution1 reported to the ,senate by  
,mr4 ,rusk1 providing that dead letters 
remaining in the post-offices of        
,california and ,oregon shall be opened 
at the post-office in ,san ,francisco1  
under care of a special agent1 was      
adopted4  ,in the ,senate1 ,february    
#eth1 the ,committee on ,foreign        
,relations1 of which ,mr4 ,foote is     
chairman1 reported a resolution that in 
all future treaties by the ,united      
,states1 provisions should be made for  

settling difficulties by arbitration1   
before resorting to war4 ,the ,judiciary
 ,committee also reported in favor of   
,messrs4 ,winthrop and ,ewing 7senators 
appointed by the governors of           
,massachusetts and ,ohio to fill        
vacancies7 holding their seats till     
their regularly-elected successors      
appear to claim their places4 ,mr4      
,winthrop1 however1 on ,friday1         
,february #gth1 presented the           
credentials of his successor1 ,mr4      
,rantoul1 7who had not yet arrived17 and
 vacated his seat4 ,the credentials of  
,mr4 ,bright1 as senator from ,indiana  
for the ensuing term1 were presented on 
the twenty-eighth of ,january4  ,a bill 
for the relief of ,mrs4 ,charlotte      
,lynch1 mother of ,miss ,anne ,c4       
,lynch1 the poetess1 passed the ,house  
by a majority of #aa4 ,it had previously
 passed the ,senate4 ,mrs4 ,lynch is the
 only surviving child of ,colonel       
,ebenezer ,gray1 of the ,connecticut    
line1 who served in the army of the     

,revolution4 ,the bill provides five    
years' full pay1 as an equivalent for   
the losses sustained by him through the 
substitution of the commutation         
certificates issued in #aghc4  ,the     
,american ,minister at ,rio ,janeiro has
 transmitted some important information 
to the ,government in regard to the     
,brazilian traffic in slaves under the  
,american flag4 ,a considerable portion 
of the infamous trade1 by which from    
forty to fifty thousand negroes are     
annually imported into ,brazil1 is      
carried on in ,american-built vessels1  
under the protection of our flag4 ,it   
has been found impossible to enforce the
 ,brazilian statutes on the subject1 the
 authorities charged with their         
execution1 almost without exception1    
conniving at the traffic4 ,in spite of  
the exertions of the ,american          
,minister1 our flag is still used as a  
protection1 and its influence is given  
to the support of the slave-dealer4 ,the
 communications of the ,american        

,minister have been referred by the     
,senate to the ,committee on ,commerce4 
,mr4 ,clay spoke at some length in favor
 of adopting more efficient measures to 
prevent ,american vessels and seamen    
from engaging in the slave-trade4  ,the 
project of establishing a line of       
steamers between several ,american ports
 and the coast of ,africa1 ,gibraltar1  
and ,england1--familiarly known as the  
,ebony ,line1--has been strongly        
recommended to ,congress by petitions   
from all quarters4 ,the ,legislature of 
,virginia1 and the ,constitutional      
,convention of the same ,state1 now in  
session1 have both passed resolutions in
 its favor4 ,several other ,states have 
done1 or are about to do the same thing4
 ,the session is already so far         
advanced1 however1 that the subject will
 probably be left without action for the
 next ,congress4  ,the ,senate          
,committee on the ,post-office has      
reported in favor of granting to a      
company the right of way and            

subscription to the stock of an         
,atlantic and ,pacific ,telegraph       
,company4  ,mr4 ,kaufman1 a member of   
the ,house1 from ,texas1 died very      
suddenly on the thirty-first of         
,january4 ,his funeral took place on the
 ,monday following1 ,february #c;d4 ,mr4
 ,kaufman was born in ,pennsylvania in  
#ahac1 graduated in ,princeton ,college 
in #ahcc1 practiced law in ,louisiana1  
and removed to ,texas in #ahce4  ,the   
subject of most general interest in the 
political world is the election of      
,united ,states ,senator1 in a number of
 the ,states1 for the term commencing on
 the #dth of ,march4 ,several elections 
have taken place1 and others have not   
been accomplished in spite of repeated  
ballots4 ,in ,new-,york1 the            
,constitution provides for an election  
on the first ,wednesday of ,february4   
,on that day the ,whig candidate1       
ex-,governor ,hamilton ,fish1 received a
 majority of #cg in the ,house3 the     
,senate1 after two ineffectual ballots1 

adjourned4 ,a special law will therefore
 be required to elect a senator4 ,in    
,massachusetts1 the ,democratic         
candidate1 ,robert ,rantoul1 ,jr41 was  
elected to fill the vacancy occasioned  
by ,mr4 ,webster's acceptance of a place
 in the ,cabinet4 ,all attempts to elect
 a senator for the ensuing term have    
failed up to this period4 ,mr4 ,sumner1 
the ,free ,soil candidate1 lacked but   
two votes of an election on the twelfth 
ballot1 but afterwards lost4 ,it was    
finally postponed to the twenty-seventh 
of ,february4 ,in the ,ohio             
,legislature1 ten successive ballots    
were cast without arriving at an        
election1 after which the subject was   
indefinitely postponed4 ,in ,rhode      
,island1 ,general ,charles ,t4 ,james1  
the ,democratic candidate1 was elected2 
in ,florida1 ,stephen ,r4 ,mallory1 in  
place of ,hon4 ,d4 ,l4 ,yulee1 both     
,democrats2 and in ,delaware1 ,james ,a4
 ,bayard1 ,democrat1 in the place of    
,mr4 ,wales1 the present ,whig senator4 

,hon4 ,henry ,dodge was reelected by the
 ,legislature of ,wisconsin1 by a       
majority of one1 on the fifth vote4 ,in 
,pennsylvania1 ,hon4 ,richard ,brodhead 
was elected in place of ,mr4 ,sturgeon1 
both members of the ,democratic party4  
,henry ,s4 ,geyer1 ,whig1 has been      
elected by the ,state of ,missouri1 as  
,united ,states ,senator1 in place of   
,col4 ,thomas ,h4 ,benton1 who is       
superseded after an uninterrupted       
service of thirty years4  ,william ,h4  
,ross1 the new ,governor of ,delaware1  
was inaugurated at ,dover1 on the       
twenty-first of ,january4 ,the most     
important feature of his address was the
 recommendation of a revision of the    
,state ,constitution4 ,george ,f4 ,fort1
 the new ,governor of ,new ,jersey1 has 
been inaugurated4 ,his address takes    
ground in favor of the compromise       
measures passed by ,congress4 ,he also  
advocates the ,free ,school ,system1 and
 the election of ,judges by the people4 
,governor ,french1 of ,illinois1 in his 

annual message1 represents the ,state as
 being in a prosperous condition1 the   
revenue being sufficient to meet the    
demands upon the treasury4 ,he          
recommends a geological survey of the   
,state1 and the passage of a ,homestead 
,exemption ,law4 ,the schools of the    
,state are in a flourishing condition4  
,the message of ,governor ,dewey1 of    
,wisconsin1 also shows an improved      
condition of ,state affairs4 ,the       
finances are represented as being sound1
 and the credit of the ,state relieved  
from all fear of bankruptcy4            
,apprehensions of danger to the citizens
 residing north of ,wisconsin river1    
from the return of the ,winnebagoes1    
have been quieted by the appointment of 
an agent to confer with that tribe4 ,the
 message of ,governor ,ramsey to the    
second ,legislative ,assembly of        
,minnesota ,territory is an interesting 
document4 ,among other subjects         
recommended to the attention of the     
,assembly are the agricultural interests

 of the ,territory1 and the improvement 
of the ,mississippi river1 both above   
and below the ,falls of ,st4 ,anthony4  
,the extinction of the ,indian title at 
,pembina will admit of the laws of the  
,territory being extended over the      
half-breeds at that place4 ,it is said  
that there are hundreds of half-breed   
hunters on the ,british side of the     
line1 who are only waiting the          
extinction of the ,indian title to      
change their homes and allegiance4 ,the 
assessed value of property in the five  
principal counties of ,minnesota is     
#hje1dag4dh4  ,the returns of the       
,seventh ,census will shortly be        
completed4 ,a number of ,states have    
recently sent in their full reports1    
among which are the following3          
,new-,york #c1jii1jjj1 being an increase
 of #fgj1jbi since #ahdj2 ,virginia     
#a1dbh1hfc1 an increase of #ahi1jff2    
,maryland #ehj1fcc1 an increase of      
#aaa1dja2 ,new ,hampshire #cag1iii1 an  
increase of #cc1dbe2 ,missouri #fha1edg1

 an increase of #big1hde2 ,ohio         
#a1iha1idj1 an increase of #dfb1dgc2    
,kentucky #iic1cdd1 an increase of      
#bac1eaf2 ,indiana1 #iij1jjj2 ,new      
,jersey #dij1gfc1 an increase of        
#aag1hgd2 and ,wisconsin1 #cje1eef4 ,the
 entire population of the ,united       
,states in #ahej is estimated at        
#bc1ejj1jjj4  ,a warrant for the arrest 
of ,governor ,quitman of ,mississippi1  
for participation in the ,cuban         
,expedition1 was issued by ,judge       
,gholson in ,new ,orleans1 early in     
,january4 ,governor ,quitman at first   
resisted the authority1 but afterwards  
resigned his office as ,governor1 and on
 the seventh of ,february reached ,new  
,orleans1 under arrest4 ,he appeared in 
court1 and gave bail for future         
appearance1 asking a speedy trial4      
,several diplomatic appointments have   
recently been made4 ,hon4 ,richard ,h4  
,bayard1 who was appointed ,charge      
d',affaires to ,belgium1 has departed   
for his mission4 ,hon4 ,robert ,c4      

,schenck1 of ,ohio1 has been appointed  
,minister to ,brazil1 and ,hon4 ,j4 ,s4 
,pendleton1 of ,virginia1 ,charge       
d',affaires to ,new ,grenada4 ,the      
,chevalier ,gomez1 ,special ,envoy to   
,rome from the states of ,guatemala and 
,san ,salvador1 has arrived at          
,washington1 and assumed1 provisionally1
 the office of ,charge from those       
states4 ,he has addressed a letter to   
the ,secretary of ,state in relation to 
the present condition of the ,central   
,american ,states4  ,general ,mosquera1 
ex-,president of ,new ,grenada1 is now  
travelling in this country1 and was     
lately in ,washington1 where he received
 distinguished attentions4 ,general     
,paez1 the distinguished exile from     
,venezuela1 is also in ,washington4 ,dr4
 ,frank ,taylor1 of ,pennsylvania1 who  
has recently returned from              
,constantinople and ,asia ,minor1 has   
received letters from the illustrious   
,kossuth1 addressed to the ,secretary of
 ,state1 and soliciting the intervention

 of the ,united ,states with the        
,turkish ,government1 to procure the    
release of himself and his compatriots1 
and their transportation to the ,united 
,states4 ,mr4 ,webster immediately      
complied with the request1 and has      
dispatched instructions to ,mr4 ,marsh1 
the ,american ,minister at              
,constantinople1 to procure from the    
,turkish ,government the release of the 
,hungarians4  ,the frigate ,st4         
,lawrence has sailed from ,new-,york for
 ,southampton1 with articles for the    
,world's ,fair4 ,she carries out between
 four and five hundred articles1        
embracing nearly all branches of        
manufacture1 and the principal mineral  
and agricultural productions of the     
country4 ,the contributions are in      
charge of ,charles ,f4 ,stansbury1      
,esq41 agent of the ,central ,committee 
of ,washington4 ,the tender of the      
authorities of ,southampton1 offering   
the use of that port1 with free         
transportation of the goods to          

,vauxhall1 ,london1 has been accepted by
 the ,secretary of ,state4  ,there have 
been several serious wrecks1 with loss  
of life1 on the ,atlantic coast and the 
,mississippi river4 ,the steamboat      
,america1 which left ,wilmington1       
,n4,c41 on the fourteenth of ,january1  
for ,mobile1 foundered on the #bith4    
,the schooner ,champion1 of ,boston1    
picked up one boat's crew1 containing   
six men4 ,a second boat1 containing ten 
men1 was picked up by the schooner      
,star1 and taken to ,washington4 ,a     
third boat1 containing six men1 has not 
been heard from4 ,the steamer ,john     
,adams1 on her way from ,new ,orleans to
 ,cincinnati1 struck on a snag in the   
,mississippi river1 on the morning of   
,january #bgth4 ,the cabin parted from  
the hull1 which went down in sixty feet 
water4 ,out of #bcj cabin and deck      
passengers1 firemen1 and crew1 #abc were
 lost1 of whom #hb were ,german and     
,irish emigrants1 and returning         
,californians4 ,on the ninth of         

,february1 the steamer ,autocrat1 from  
,new ,orleans to ,memphis1 came in      
contact with the steamer ,magnolia1     
coming down the river1 and sank         
instantly4 ,thirty lives were lost4  ,a 
calamitous fire took place at ,new      
,orleans1 on the eighteenth of ,january1
 destroying the magnificent ,st4        
,charles ,hotel1 together with two      
churches and several other buildings4   
,the total loss is about #ejj1jjj1 less 
than half of which was covered by       
insurance4 ,jenny ,lind arrived at ,new 
,orleans from ,havana on the #hth of    
,february4 ,her reception was in the    
highest degree enthusiastic4 ,her first 
concert took place on the #ajth1 the    
receipts therefrom amounting to #bj1jjj4
 ,the first ticket was purchased for    
#bdj by a ,new ,orleans hatter1 the     
fortunate drawer of ,powers' ,greek     
,slave in the ,cincinnati ,art ,union4  
,two more of the unfortunate ,hungarian 
refugees have reached this city3        
,captain ,eduard ,becsey1 who served    

during the war as adjutant to ,general  
,bern1 and ,lieutenant ,aurel ,kiring4  
,captain ,becsey was taken prisoner by  
the ,russians1 and carried to ,kiev1 on 
the ,dneiper1 where he was detained a   
year4 ,after being released1 he made his
 way to the ,mediterranean1 and obtained
 a passage to ,new-,york4  ,our latest  
news from ,eagle ,harbor1 the port of   
the mining region on ,lake ,superior1   
state that the propeller ,independence1 
which had just taken on board her last  
cargo of copper for the season1 was     
blown on shore by a heavy gale1 and     
imbedded in the sand1 where she must    
remain till ,spring4 ,the ,napoleon had 
arrived from ,saut ,st4 ,mary1 with     
provisions and stores for the winter4   
,texas papers of the thirty-first of    
,january state that ,judge ,rollins1 the
 ,united ,states ,agent1 had effected a 
treaty with the ,indians1 providing for 
a cessation of hostilities1 and the     
restoration of all stolen property and  
prisoners4 ,lieuts4 ,smith and ,mechler 

had completed a survey of the ,rio      
,grande from its mouth to a point about 
four hundred and fifty miles above      
,camargo4 ,they report that the river   
can be made navigable for boats of light
 draught to a short distance above      
,loredo for several months in the year4 
,col4 ,anderson1 of the corps of        
,topographical ,engineers has received  
orders to make a survey of the ,brazos  
and ,guadalupe rivers4 ,a fight had     
occurred between ,lieutenant ,king1 with
 seven men1 of the ,texan volunteers1   
and a body of ,indians1 who were driving
 off a number of stolen horses4 ,they   
were pursued for fifteen or twenty      
miles1 when they abandoned the horses1  
and escaped with the loss of three or   
four of their number4 ,the total vote on
 the ,pierce ,boundary ,bill1 as        
officially reported1 is #i1bej ayes1    
#c1cff noes4  ,on the eighteenth of     
,december the whole of the ,american    
,boundary ,commission had arrived at    
,paso del ,norte1 with the exception of 

an ox-train carrying supplies4 ,the     
military escort1 under the command of   
,col4 ,craig1 was encamped on the       
,american side of the ,rio del ,norte1  
but was soon to start for the           
copper-mines near the headwaters of the 
,gila4 ,the ,mexican ,commissioner1     
,general ,conde1 with his escort1 was   
quartered in the town of ,el ,paso4     
,several conferences took place between 
the ,commissioners before they could    
agree on the starting-point for the     
boundary1 the existing maps being as    
inconsistent with the terms of the      
treaty of ,guadalupe ,hidalgo as with   
the topography of the country itself4   
,the winter1 throughout the valley of   
the ,del ,norte has been very severe4   
,the thermometer fell to six degrees at 
,el ,paso on the sixth of ,december1 and
 the ,rio ,grande was frozen over for   
the first time in the memory of the     
inhabitants4  ,the settlements of ,new  
,mexico are threatened with scarcity4   
,on the tenth of ,january corn was      

selling at three dollars the bushel1 and
 vegetables not to be had at any price4 
,the appearance of the agents for taking
 the census of ,new-,mexico had         
occasioned great alarm among the pueblos
 or villages4 ,they feared that the     
account of their property was taken by  
the ,government for the purpose of      
extortion and seizure4 ,the ,apaches    
have committed no depredations of late1 
but the ,navajoes have broken their     
treaty by stealing several thousand     
sheep from the settlements on the ,rio  
del ,norte4  ,in the ,utah ,territory   
the ,mormons have temporarily settled   
the question of slavery1 by leaving it  
to the choice of the slaves themselves4 
,if the slave chooses to leave his      
master1 there is no power to retain him2
 if he chooses to stay1 no one is       
allowed to interfere4  ,our news from   
,california is to the first of ,january4
 ,the steamers ,carolina and ,columbus  
sailed from ,san ,francisco on that day1
 with #ccj passengers and about         

#a1ejj1jjj in gold dust4 ,business was  
very dull1 both in the ports and inland 
towns of ,california1 and the trading   
communities among the mines4 ,the       
immense shipments of goods which had    
arrived from the ,atlantic ,states had  
produced a complete stagnation in the   
market1 bringing many kinds of          
merchandise below cost prices4 ,after   
the first showers of the rainy season1  
early in ,december1 the miners withdrew 
to the dry diggings1 when the rains     
ceased1 and three or four weeks of clear
 and delightful weather left them       
without employment4 ,the richest        
localities are very thickly populated1  
the miners having built themselves      
log-cabins and organized communities for
 the winter4 ,on parts of ,feather      
river1 the ,american ,fork1 and the     
,mokelumne1 ,tuolumne1 and ,mariposa    
rivers1 the diggings were still yielding
 a good return4 ,new discoveries of rich
 veins of quartz-bearing gold continue  
to be made4 ,a mine of silver ore1 of a 

very rich quality1 is reported to have  
been discovered in the neighborhood of  
,monterey4 ,a company is being formed at
 that place for the purpose of working  
the mine upon an extensive scale4 ,the  
,sacramento papers state that a large   
mine of lead1 in an almost pure state1  
exists near ,johnson's ,ranche1 about   
thirty miles from that city4 ,the ore is
 represented to lie on the surface of   
the earth1 in heavy masses1 so that vast
 quantities could be obtained without   
sinking a shaft4  ,on the evening of    
,december #adth another fire broke out  
in ,san ,francisco1 in a large zinc     
building owned by ,cooke1 ,baker  ,co4  
,by the exertions of the firemen and the
 citizens the conflagration was subdued1
 after consuming this building and three
 or four others of less value4 ,the     
large building belonging to the ,pacific
 ,mail ,steamship ,company was in the   
utmost danger1 having been greatly      
scorched by the flames4 ,the total loss 
by this fire was #ge1jjj4 ,the city1 on 

the first of ,january1 was fully        
prepared for the rainy season4 ,by the  
enterprise of the inhabitants1 upward of
 seven and a half miles of street had   
been graded and four miles planked1     
while capacious piers and wharves were  
built far out into the bay1 so that     
vessels were enabled to load and unload 
without the use of lighters4 ,the       
cholera had entirely disappeared1 not   
only from ,san ,francisco1 but from all 
parts of ,california4 ,its ravages have 
been much lighter than was anticipated1 
a fact which speaks well for the health 
of the country4  ,the ,pacific ,news    
contains some interesting statistics of 
the condition of ,san ,francisco at the 
close of the year #ahej4 ,the population
 of the city is estimated at #ce1jjj4   
,one hundred and seven miles of street  
are already laid out1 one quarter of    
which is built upon and occupied4 ,the  
business streets are substantially built
 of brick or iron4 ,in addition to      
seventeen large auction firms and eight 

express companies1 the city boasts of   
ten first class hotels and seven daily  
papers4 ,the amount of gold-dust        
regularly shipped and entered for       
exportation during the year #ahej was   
#cj1jjj1jjj2 the estimated amount taken 
away by passengers1 #ab1jjj1jjj4 ,the   
amount of bullion received was          
#a1gbb1fjj4 ,the number of vessels which
 arrived during the year was #a1gdc     
bringing #ce1ccc male and #a1bdh female 
passengers2 the number of clearances    
amounts to #a1dfa vessels1 carrying away
 #bf1eic male and eight female          
passengers4 ,the total value of the     
merchandise received by foreign and     
domestic vessels during the year was    
between four and five millions of       
dollars4 ,in addition to #ad steamers   
running regularly between ,san          
,francisco and ,panama1 and three on the
 ,oregon route1 there are #de steamers  
and #bgj other craft of various kinds on
 the bay and inland streams4  ,we have  
news from ,oregon to the middle of      

,december1 at which time the            
,legislature was in session4 ,the       
message of ,governor ,gaines recommends 
the establishment of a liberal system of
 education1 and asks for the passage of 
a law for protection against the ,indian
 tribes4 ,it also maintains the         
importance of a liberal policy on the   
part of the ,general ,government in the 
donation of lands to actual settlers4   
,the country appears to be in a highly  
prosperous condition2 all the towns on  
the ,columbia and its tributaries are   
growing rapidly4 ,the news from the gold
 placers on the ,klamath and ,umpqua    
rivers1 near the borders of ,california1
 is encouraging as to the yield of dust1
 but the ,oregonians place their main   
reliance on their agricultural          
interests4 ,the yield of wheat is said  
to be not only double per acre that of  
the ,atlantic ,states1 but it is a      
never-failing crop4 ,the people in      
,oregon ,city are agitating the subject 
of a railroad to connect the ,willamette

 ,valley with the ,columbia river1 at   
some point accessible to large vessels4 
,it is estimated that the whole cost    
will only be about #ejj1jjj1 which it is
 proposed to raise in one thousand      
shares of #ejj each4 ,twelve months1 it 
is believed1 will complete the work4    
,,europe4  ,on the first of ,february1  
,england was in a tranquil condition1   
the anti-,papal agitation having almost 
entirely subsided4 ,the journals were   
engaged in discussing law reform1 the   
,new-,york ,revised ,code being         
commended as a model in many quarters4  
,in the ,queen's speech at the opening  
of ,parliament--an advance copy having  
been forwarded to this country--a       
thorough reform of the ,equity courts is
 recommended1 as well as the            
introduction of an act for the          
registration of deeds1 equally          
applicable to each of the three         
kingdoms4 ,her ,majesty alludes in terms
 of comparative mildness to the ,wiseman
 affair1 commending the question to the 

attention of ,parliament4 ,public       
opinion is strongly in favor of a large 
reduction in taxation1 and it is        
anticipated that the window tax will be 
abolished4 ,the quarterly returns of the
 revenue have been highly satisfactory1 
since1 notwithstanding the abolition of 
the tax on bricks and the reduction of  
the stamp duty1 the income exceeds that 
of the previous year by about           
,l#afe1jjj4  ,the great crystal palace  
in ,hyde ,park is rapidly advancing     
towards its completion4 ,the immense    
structure is exciting the wonder and    
admiration of the metropolis1 and the   
opening of the fair is anticipated with 
great interest4 ,the strength of the    
building has been amply tested by a     
severe storm of hail and wind1 which    
passed over without breaking a pane of  
glass4 ,all quarters of the world are   
sending specimens of their manufactures 
and natural productions4 ,south ,africa1
 ,australia1 and the islands of the sea 
will be represented1 while ,cashmere    

shawls1 robes of pearl1 and ,runjeet    
,singh's golden saddle1 will be sent    
from ,india4  ,the ,u4,s4 ,mail steamer 
,atlantic1 which sailed from ,liverpool 
on the twenty-eighth of ,december1      
arrived in the harbor of ,cork on the   
twenty-second of ,january1 having been  
at sea twenty-five days4 ,when in lat4  
#df deg4 #ab'1 lon4 #da deg4 #cj'1 about
 midway between ,cape ,clear and        
,new-,york1 her main shaft broke1       
rendering the engines useless4 ,after   
running westward two days under sail1 a 
heavy gale arose1 when ,captain ,west   
put her head about1 and made for ,cork1 
a distance of #adjj miles1 which she    
made in eleven days4 ,the steamer       
,cambria was instantly chartered to take
 her place1 but most of her passengers  
left ,liverpool in the ,africa1 on      
,february #ast4 ,it is stated on the    
authority of ,earl ,monteagle1 that the 
,british ,government have resolved to   
make ,holyhead the port of arrival and  
departure for the transatlantic mail    

steamers4  ,in ,france1 a ministerial   
revolution has taken place1 resulting in
 widening the breach between ,president 
,napoleon and the ,national ,assembly4  
,several general orders of ,general     
,changarnier to the army of ,paris      
having been published in one of the     
journals1 in which he commands the      
troops to pay no attention to any orders
 but those of the ,lieutenant-,general4 
,changarnier was called upon in the     
,assembly for explanation4 ,he denied   
that these instructions were meant to be
 permanent1 but only to be put in force 
when an emeute was apprehended4 ,his    
conduct was approved by the ,assembly1  
but ,louis ,napoleon1 who had long      
regarded ,changarnier with fear and     
jealousy1 withdrew from him the command 
of the army at ,paris1 which he divided 
between two or three generals of lower  
rank4 ,this gave rise to a most excited 
debate in the ,national ,assembly1 in   
which ,lamartine made a speech in the   
,president's defence4 ,baroche1         

,minister of the ,interior1 ,general    
,changarnier1 ,m4 ,thiers1 and ,general 
,cavaignac followed1 the three latter   
speakers taking strong ground against   
the ministry4 ,after several days of    
stormy discussion1 the resolution of ,m4
 de ,st4 ,beuve1 that the ,assembly     
declares that it has no confidence in   
the ministry1 was carried by a majority 
of #aci4 ,the ministers tendered their  
resignation to the ,president the same  
evening4 ,a ministerial interregnum     
followed1 which was terminated on the   
twenty-fourth of ,january by a message  
of the ,president1 appointing a         
transition ministry1 composed of        
employees from the different            
departments1 not one of them having a   
seat in the ,assembly4 ,the following is
 the list1 as given in the ,moniteur3   
,public ,instruction            ,m4     
,giraud1 7de l',institute47             
,interior                      ,m4      
,vaisse4     ,foreign ,affairs          
,m4 ,brennier4     ,war                 

,general ,randon4     ,marine           
,admiral ,levaillant4     ,commerce     
,m4 ,schneider4     ,finances           
,m4 de ,germiny4     ,public ,works     
,m4 ,magne4     ,justice                
,m4 de ,royer4  ,lamartine1 it is       
stated1 was urged by ,louis ,napoleon to
 accept an appointment in the ministry1 
but declined on account of his being    
bound to furnish his publishers with two
 volumes a month1 under heavy penalties4
  ,the ,conference of the ,german       
,states at ,dresden was opened with much
 ceremony early in ,january4 ,all the   
states were represented1 but the        
negotiations were kept profoundly       
secret4 ,it has transpired1 however1    
that the formation of the new ,diet     
agreed upon gives two votes to ,prussia1
 two to ,austria1 one each to ,bavaria1 
,saxony1 ,hanover1 and ,wurtemberg1 and 
three more portioned among the smaller  
principalities1 making eleven in all4   
,it is also understood that a           
,provisional ,central ,power will be    

proclaimed1 ,prussia and ,austria       
retaining to themselves exclusively the 
right of deciding for the ,confederation
 all questions of peace and war4        
,austria still labors under financial   
embarrassments of an almost hopeless    
character4 ,as a measure of temporary   
relief1 the ,government has contracted  
two loans1 one from ,russia1 of fifty   
millions of florins1 and the other1 of  
one hundred millions1 on state          
obligations1 at six per cent4 ,the      
manufacturers of ,austria strongly      
oppose the proposed compromise of the   
,zollverein1 and advocate a tariff of a 
decidedly protective character4 ,great  
dissatisfaction has been manifested in  
,hungary1 on account of the newly       
imposed tax on tobacco1 which is one of 
the principal productions of the        
country4 ,in consequence of this        
opposition the excise corps has been    
greatly enlarged1 and serious           
difficulties are apprehended4  ,the     
smaller ,german states are now          

completely overruled by the ,austrian   
and ,prussian troops4 ,the ,elector of  
,hesse ,cassel has returned to his      
,capital1 with his ,prime ,minister1    
,hassenpflug1 under their protection4   
,the ,constitution is virtually         
abolished by their presence1 and those  
who supported it are subjected to the   
most shameful persecutions4 ,many of the
 best citizens are obliged to leave the 
country4 ,schleswig ,holstein has been  
'pacified' in a similar manner4 ,through
 the instrumentality of the ,austrian   
and ,prussian ,commissioners1 backed by 
a military force1 the army of ,schleswig
 ,holstein has been disbanded1 and the  
country occupied by the troops of       
,denmark4 ,on the sixteenth of ,january1
 the proclamation of the ,king of       
,denmark1 administering the oath of     
fidelity to the military1 was read in   
the marketplace of ,rendsburg4 ,hamburgh
 has been occupied by #djjj ,austrian   
troops4  ,a treaty of amity and commerce
 has been concluded with the ,swiss     

,diet1 by ,mr4 ,dudley ,mann1           
,diplomatic ,agent of the ,united       
,states4 ,its provisions are of the most
 liberal and friendly character4 ,the   
entire reciprocity and equality of the  
citizens of both countries1 is          
guaranteed1 so far as the right of      
establishment is concerned2 a citizen of
 the ,united ,states being allowed to   
settle in one of the ,swiss ,cantons    
upon the same conditions as a citizen   
born in another ,canton4 ,entire and    
unconditional liberty in disposing of   
property is mutually stipulated1 as well
 as equal taxation of the individuals   
established1 their exemption from       
military duties1 and the grant of       
indemnity for damages in case of war4   
,the commercial intercourse of the two  
countries is also arranged upon the most
 liberal and advantageous basis4        
,switzerland has remained tranquil1 with
 the exception of a riot in the ,canton 
of ,berne1 occasioned by the attempted  
extradition1 on the part of the         

,government1 of a ,prussian ,jew1 a     
noted socialist1 residing at ,st4       
,imier4 ,this person was very popular   
among the poor1 who resisted the        
authorities1 whereupon the troops were  
ordered to be in readiness to support   
them4 ,the ,swiss ,government has       
determined to forward a beautiful stone 
from the ,alps1 to be placed in the     
,national ,monument to ,washington4     
,,italy is still in an unquiet state4   
,there seems to be a growing            
apprehension and uneasiness among all   
classes in the ,papal ,states1 and it is
 rumored that ,pope ,pius1 wearied with 
the anxieties of his situation1 wishes  
to resign the ,pontificate1 and retire  
to a ,convent4  ,in ,,naples1 the       
,government1 alarmed by rumors of       
,mazzini's revolutionary designs1 has   
made many arrests1 and instituted a more
 vigorous police system4 ,all cafes and 
places of public amusement are strictly 
watched4 ,the army is to be increased by
 #ah1jjj men1 and as ,english opinions  

are assigned to be dangerous1 those     
,neapolitans who intended to visit the  
,great ,exhibition in ,london1 have been
 refused their passports4  ,,austrian   
,,italy is even in a worse condition4   
,several conspiracies have been         
discovered1 and a large number of       
arrests made in consequence4 ,a large   
number of persons have been executed1 in
 the ,lombardo-,venetian provinces4     
,the most interesting news from ,,spain 
is that of another resignation of the   
,ministry4 ,the resignation of ,general 
,narvaez was not accepted by the ,queen1
 whereupon that gentleman assembled his 
colleagues1 and commissioned them to    
inform the ,queen that unless she       
released him at once from his office1 he
 should blow his brains out6 ,this      
threat had the desired effect1 and the  
following ,cabinet was then appointed3  
,president of the ,council and ,minister
 of ,finance   ,bravo ,murillo4         
,foreign ,office                        
,bertran de ,lys4     ,grace and        

,justice                                
,gonzales ,romero4     ,home ,department
                                        
,arteta4     ,war                       
,count ,mirasol4     ,marine            
,bustillos4     ,commerce1 c4           
,fernandez ,negrete4  ,the project of a 
revision of the ,constitution1 which has
 been so warmly agitated in ,sweden1 has
 entirely failed4 ,the proposition of   
the ,king has been rejected by two of   
the four chambers constituting the      
,legislative ,assembly1 three being     
required in its favor1 to form a        
constitutional majority4 ,sweden will   
therefore preserve her present system of
 a separate representation of the       
nobility1 clergy1 citizens1 and         
peasants4  ,in ,,turkey1 the subjection 
of the rebellious ,bosnians was         
consummated on the seventeenth of       
,december1 when ,omar ,pasha made his   
triumphal entry into ,bosna ,serai4 ,the
 captive ,pashas and ,cadis marched on  
foot in the procession4 ,it is rumored  

that the ,porte has at length agreed to 
accept the offer of the ,british and    
,american ,governments to transport the 
,hungarian refugees to ,america1 and    
will order their immediate release4     
,three hundred ,polish refugees1 who    
arrived at ,constantinople from ,varna1 
on the thirty-first of ,december1 were  
to be sent to ,liverpool at the expense 
of the ,turkish ,government4 ,two       
,commissioners1 ,ismet ,pasha and ,sami 
,pasha1 have been appointed to travel   
through ,asiatic and ,european ,turkey1 
for the purpose of noting whether the   
new reforms in favor of the ,christians 
have been carried out4  ,there is       
nothing from ,,greece1 but accounts of  
the depredations of the robbers which   
now infest all parts of the country4 ,in
 the provinces of ,acarnania1 ,levadia  
and ,attica1 several villages have been 
sacked1 and the inhabitants put to the  
torture4   ,,mexico  ,the ,mexican      
,congress assembled in the ,capital on  
the first of ,january1 when ,general    

,herrera1 the ,president1 made his      
annual address4 ,he dwelt with          
satisfaction on the relations existing  
between the ,united ,states and ,mexico1
 considering them much more harmonious  
and mutually advantageous than was      
anticipated at the close of the war4    
,the financial condition of the country 
has been somewhat improved by the       
retrenchment of the ,government expenses
 and the consolidation of the ,interior 
,debt3 a revision of the ,revenue ,laws 
is strongly advocated as a still further
 reform in this direction4 ,president   
,herrera favors the colonization of the 
public lands by immigrants from ,europe2
 he also alludes with satisfaction to   
the increase of manufactures and the    
improved prospects of the silver mines1 
which last year yielded upwards of      
#cj1jjj1jjj4  ,the two branches of      
,congress met on the eighth1 to count   
the votes for the election of the       
,president of the ,republic4 ,the votes 
of twelve ,states were found to be in   

favor of ,general ,arista4 ,he was      
consequently declared to be duly        
elected4 ,on the fifteenth1 in the      
,chamber of ,deputies1 in the presence  
of the ,mexican ,congress1 he took the  
oath of office and made a short         
inaugural address1 in which he alluded  
to the maintenance of the federal system
 as necessary to the prosperity of the  
country1 and pledged himself to preserve
 peace and order at all hazards4 ,the   
,president of ,congress1 ,don ,mariano  
,yanez1 replied in a short address of   
congratulation4 ,te ,deum was chanted in
 the ,cathedral in the presence of the  
new ,president1 and in the evening the  
,german residents honored him with a    
serenade and torch light procession4    
,arista's ,cabinet is composed as       
follows3 ,minister of ,foreign ,affairs1
 ,don ,mariano ,yanez2 ,minister of     
,justice1 ,don ,jose ,maria ,aguirre2   
,minister of ,finance1 ,don ,manuel     
,payno2 ,minister of ,war and ,marine1  
,don ,manuel ,robles4  ,early in        

,january a rebellion broke out in the   
,state of ,guanajuato4 ,the insurgents1 
headed by two brothers named ,liceagas1 
obtained possession of the city of      
,guanajuato1 with the ,government arms  
and ammunition1 but were defeated on the
 night of the #acth by the ,government  
troops under ,generals ,bustamente and  
,uraga4 ,several of the chiefs were     
executed1 and the movement1 which was in
 favor of ,santa ,anna1 was entirely    
crushed4  ,the ,tehuantepec treaty was  
ratified on the #beth of ,january4 ,on  
the following day1 ,mr4 ,letcher1 the   
,american ,minister1 left the capital   
for the ,united ,states1 on leave of    
absence4 ,senor ,lacunza1 the           
,ex-,minister of ,foreign ,affairs1 has 
been appointed ,minister to ,england1   
and ,senor ,valdiviesco ,minister to    
,france4 ,the ,mexican ,government has  
ceded in perpetuity to ,don ,gayetano   
,rubio1 ,don ,eustace ,barron1 ,senor   
,garay1 and the firm of ,yecker1 ,torre 
,co41 the whole of the public lands in  

the ,state of ,sonora1 including the    
mines1 between lat4 #cj deg4 ,n4 and the
 ,gila ,river4 ,this grant embraces     
several millions of acres1 and the      
richest mineral land of the ,republic4  
,it is said to have been intended to    
smooth the passage of a bill abolishing 
all tariff prohibitions1 which have     
hitherto operated greatly to the        
advantage of the parties named4  ,maj4  
,barnard's ,company for surveying the   
,isthmus of ,tehuantepec reached the    
town of ,minatitlan1 on the             
,coatzocoalcos ,river1 in the steamer   
,alabama1 on the #beth of ,december4 ,at
 the last accounts1 one party had       
penetrated a distance of sixty miles    
into the country1 a second was engaged  
in an examination of the river1 and a   
third had set out for ,tehuantepec1 on  
the ,pacific ,coast4   ,,british        
,,america4  ,the lawyers in ,lower      
,canada have been making strikes and    
holding meetings to protest against the 
imposition of the new tariff regulating 

their fees4 ,the ,bar of ,quebec and of 
,trois ,rivieres have struck1 declining 
to serve their clients until the        
legality of the tariff shall be decided 
by the ,court of ,appeals4 ,it has been 
decided to admit ,american reprints of  
,english copyright works into ,canada1  
on paying #bj per cent4 duty1 which is  
to be paid over by the ,custom ,house to
 the ,english authors or proprietors of 
copyright1 who are required to furnish a
 list of their works4 ,under this law1  
,american reprints will still be much   
cheaper than ,english editions1 and     
popular ,english authors may therefore  
look forward to some increase of their  
revenue4 ,the ,imperial ,cabinet has    
also assented to the ,post-,office ,law1
 enacted at the last ,session of the    
,canadian ,legislature1 and establishing
 a uniform rate of three pence for      
single letters throughout the ,british  
,provinces4  ,meetings have been held in
 ,toronto1 protesting against the       
intended removal of the ,seat of        

,government from that city1 while1 on   
the other hand1 the ,french members have
 resolved not to vote the supplies      
unless it is removed to ,quebec in the  
spring4 ,lord ,elgin1 however1 has      
stated that the ,seat of ,government    
will be transferred to ,quebec at the   
completion of its two years in ,toronto4
   ,,the ,,west ,,indies4  ,we have news
 from ,havana to the #c;d of ,february4 
,the administration of ,gen4 ,concha    
appears to be more liberal and energetic
 than that of his predecessor1 and gives
 very general satisfaction4  ,jenny     
,lind gave but four concerts in ,havana1
 only the first and last of which were  
well attended4 ,her ,italian songs      
produced much more effect than her      
,swedish ballads4 ,the proceeds of the  
last concert1 amounting to #ejjj1 was   
devoted to objects of charity4 ,a grand 
ball was given in her honor by the      
,count de ,penalver1 after which she    
visited ,matanzas and the extensive     
sugar plantations in its neighborhood4  

,senor ,salvi1 the great tenor1 was     
engaged by ,mr4 ,barnum to sing at her  
concerts in ,new-,york1 in ,april4 ,on  
the #ast ,february1 ,frederika ,bremer  
reached ,havana1 and the two renowned   
,swedes met1 for the first time in the  
new world4  ,news from ,jamaica to the  
#ast of ,february state that the cholera
 was still prevailing in many           
localities1 although it had decreased in
 some and entirely disappeared in       
others4   ,,central ,,america--,,the    
,,isthmus4  ,in the ,state of           
,nicaragua1 the elections have taken    
place and ,don ,jose ,sacasa has been   
chosen ,director1 from the #ast of ,may1
 on which the term of ,director ,raminez
 expires4 ,the ,national ,convention of 
,delegates from the ,states of          
,nicaragua1 ,honduras and ,san          
,salvador1 met at ,chinandega on the    
#bast of ,december1 and organized by    
choosing as ,president ,don ,jose       
,barrundia1 the author of the           
,central-,american ,constitution of     

#ahbj4 ,the little steamer ,director1   
belonging to the ,nicaraguan ,company1  
passed the rapids of ,machuca1 on ,san  
,juan ,river1 and entered ,lake         
,nicaragua on the #ast of ,january4 ,she
 is now running between ,granada and    
,san ,carlos1 a distance of #ie miles1  
at #bj a passenger4 ,the engineers      
employed to survey the route of the     
proposed ship canal1 were at work       
between ,granada and ,san ,juan del     
,sur1 on the ,pacific4 ,by the #ast of  
,january1 upwards of four thousand      
returning ,californians had passed      
through ,nicaragua1 on their way to the 
,united ,states4  ,disturbances have    
broken out in some of the mountain      
provinces of ,guatemala1 growing out of 
the refusal of the inhabitants to concur
 in the policy adopted by the           
,government at the instance of the      
,english consul1 ,mr4 ,chatfield4 ,the  
insurgents declared in favor of a       
,federal ,union of all the              
,central-,american ,states4 ,the        

,government troops1 under ,gen4         
,carrera1 in attempting to put down this
 opposition1 were defeated at           
,chiquimula4 ,a blockade of the ports of
 ,san ,salvador has been ordered by ,mr4
 ,chatfield1 who threatens ,honduras and
 ,nicaragua with a similar blow1 unless 
they accede to certain demands4 ,in a   
letter to the ,nicaraguan ,minister of  
,foreign ,affairs1 he arbitrarily lays  
down the boundary line between          
,honduras1 ,nicaragua and ,musquitia--an
 assumed kingdom1 under cover of which  
the ,british authorities have taken     
possession of the port of ,san ,juan4   
,mr4 ,chatfield states that unless these
 boundaries are accepted1 no canal or   
other improved method of transit across 
the ,isthmus can be established4 ,there 
is much excitement in ,central ,america1
 on account of his arbitrary course4    
,the winter rains are at an end on the  
,isthmus of ,panama1 and the roads are  
in good condition4 ,upwards of #hjj     
workmen are employed on the ,panama     

,railroad1 and the track is already     
prepared for the rails from ,navy ,bay1 
the ,atlantic terminus1 to ,gatun1 on   
the ,chagres ,river1 a distance of three
 and a half miles4   ,,south ,,america4 
,the ,congress of ,,venezuela met on    
#bjth of ,january1 all the members being
 present4 ,it had previously been feared
 that the ,executive ,power would be    
violently seized by ,guzman1            
,vice-,president of the ,republic1 who  
was one of the unsuccessful candidates  
in the electoral colleges1 in case there
 should not be a quorum in ,congress4   
,gen4 ,monagas1 brother of the present  
,executive1 lacked only two or three    
votes of the two-thirds required by the 
,constitution in the electoral colleges1
 and having received sixty-five out of  
the eighty votes of ,congress1 was      
declared elected ,president of          
,venezuela4 ,guzman1 who had used all   
his power to defeat ,monagas1           
notwithstanding he was indebted to the  
latter for his life1 met him upon the   

steps of the ,government ,house after   
the election1 and begged pardon1 in     
tears1 for the injuries he had done him4
 ,monagas forgave him1 and the happiest 
results for ,venezuela are anticipated  
from an administration commenced under  
such circumstances4  ,the ,presidential 
,election in ,,peru took place on the   
#bjth of ,december4 ,the prominent      
candidates were ,generals ,echinique and
 ,san ,ramon1 and at the last accounts  
it was believed the former was elected4 
,,bolivia is entirely tranquil1 the     
health of ,gen4 ,belzu having been      
completely restored since his attempted 
assassination1 and the conspirators     
against him1 ,ballivian and ,linares1   
having fled from the country4 ,the      
partisans of ,ballivian were totally    
routed in the southern provinces1 where 
they attempted to make a stand1 and     
their leader fled in disguise to        
,copiape1 in ,chili4 ,linares escaped   
into the ,argentine ,republic1 and a    
requisition for his delivery was about  

to be issued4  ,in ,,chili1 the extra   
session of ,congress convened on the    
#afth of ,december4 ,in his message     
calling the session1 the ,president     
recommended to legislative attention1   
the subjects of reform in the customs   
and the coinage system1 appropriations  
for the current year1 the regulation of 
the standing army1 and a revision of the
 taxes4  ,early in ,december a          
destructive fire broke out in           
,valparaiso1 which was finally quelled  
through the labors of the sailors from  
the ,english and ,french vessels of war 
lying in the harbor1 after destroying   
#bej1jjj worth of property4 ,on the #eth
 of the month1 the volcano of ,portillo1
 near ,santiago1 which had been quiet   
since #ahde1 suddenly broke out into    
violent eruption4 ,the following day a  
very severe shock of an earthquake was  
felt1 lasting twenty seconds1 but       
fortunately doing little damage4 ,since 
then1 however1 a more violent earthquake
 has entirely destroyed the city of     

,conception1 in the southern part of    
,chili4  ,hon4 ,bailey ,peyton1 the     
,american ,minister1 left ,valparaiso on
 the #bgth of ,december1 in the ,u4,s4  
,ship ,vincennes1 on a visit to         
,talcuhuana1 the province of ,conception
 and the island of ,juan ,fernandez4    
,henri ,herz1 the distinguished pianist1
 has been giving concerts in ,santiago4 
,at the latest dates from ,,brazil1     
nothing of political importance had     
transpired4 ,accounts from ,buenos      
,ayres to ,dec4 #abth1 state that there 
was a prospect of an amicable settlement
 of the difficulties between that       
country and ,brazil4 ,there had been a  
conflict between the forces of ,paraguay
 and those of ,buenos ,ayres1 relative  
to the occupancy of some neutral lands1 
by the forces of the latter4 ,the       
finances of the ,state were said to be  
in an encouraging condition4   ,,africa4
  ,the ,monitor1 a paper published at   
,cape ,town1 ,south ,africa1 gives an   
account of a dreadful massacre committed

 by the noted ,namagua chief1 ,yonker   
,afrikaner1 on the neophytes of the     
,german ,missionary station at          
,new-,barmen1 in ,damaraland1 between   
,south ,africa and the ,kingdom of      
,loango4  ,a curious piece of history   
has made its way to us from the island  
of ,madagascar4 ,rainharo1 the ,prime   
,minister of the reigning ,queen of the 
island1 determined1 in ,june last1 to   
exterminate all the ,christians in the  
province of ,imirena4 ,accordingly1 when
 they were all assembled one evening at 
their religious exercises1 the various  
communities were suddenly arrested1 to  
the number of eight thousand1 and       
condemned to death4 ,eighteen of them   
had already been executed1 when the rest
 escaped1 and surrounding the palace of 
the young ,prince1 the heir to the      
throne of ,madagascar1 implored his     
protection4 ,the ,queen sent orders     
through the ,prime ,minister that they  
should be given up4 ,the ,prince        
refused1 and in the dispute which       

followed1 drew his sword and aimed a    
blow at the ,minister's head1 cutting   
off one of his ears4 ,when the ,queen   
heard of this1 fearing a revolt in the  
province of ,imirena1 to sustain the    
,prince1 she suffered the ,christians to
 return to their homes and worship as   
usual4 ,they have since been visited by 
the ,prince1 who declares his intention 
to protect them4  ,the ,republic of     
,,liberia was in a flourishing condition
 at the commencement of the year4       
,several explorations of the interior   
have been made1 to the distance of two  
or three hundred miles from the coast4  
,the parties brought back enthusiastic  
accounts of the richness and beauty of  
the country and the salubrity of the    
climate4 ,president ,roberts had sent   
his message to the ,liberian ,congress1 
giving a very favorable account of the  
condition and prospects of the country4 
,the agricultural operations at ,bassa  
,cove and ,bexley have produced very    
satisfactory results4 ,the slave trade  

is said to be almost destroyed in the   
neighborhood of ,gallinas and ,ambrize4 
,recent ,deaths4   ,,the ,,rev4 ,,walter
 ,,colton was born in ,rutland1         
,vermont1 about the year #agig4 ,when   
sixteen years of age he determined to   
acquire a liberal education1 and        
commenced with industrious energy his   
preparatory studies4 ,in #ahah he       
entered ,yale ,college1 where he        
received the ,berkleyan ,prize in ,latin
 and ,greek1 and delivered the          
valedictory poem1 when he graduated1 in 
#ahbb4 ,he soon afterwards entered the  
,theological ,seminary at ,andover1     
where he remained three years1 giving   
much of his tune to literature1 and     
writing1 besides various moral and      
critical dissertations1 a ,sacred       
,drama1 which was acted by the students 
at one of their rhetorical exhibitions1 
and an elaborate poem pronounced when   
his class received their diplomas4 ,on  
being ordained an evangelist1 according 
to the usage of the ,congregational     

,church1 he became ,professor of ,moral 
,philosophy and ,belles-,lettres in the 
,scientific and ,military ,academy at   
,middletown1 then under the presidency  
of ,captain ,alden ,partridge4 ,besides 
attending to the more immediate duties  
of his position1 he wrote while here a  
prize ,essay on ,duelling2 a ,discussion
 of the ,genius of ,coleridge2 ,the     
,moral ,power of the ,poet1 ,painter1   
and ,sculptor1 contrasted1 and many     
contributions in verse and prose to the 
public journals1 under the signature of 
,bertram4 ,in #ahbh he resigned his     
professorship1 and settled in           
,washington1 as editor of the ,american 
,spectator1 a weekly gazette which he   
conducted with industry1 and such tact  
and temper1 that he preserved the most  
intimate relations with the leaders of  
the political party to which it was most
 decidedly opposed4 ,he was especially a
 favorite with ,president ,jackson1 who 
was accustomed to send for him two or   
three times in a week to sit with him in

 his private chamber1 and when ,mr4     
,colton's health declined1 so that a sea
 voyage was recommended by his          
physicians1 the ,president offered him  
without solicitation a consulship or a  
chaplaincy in the ,navy4 ,the latter was
 accepted1 and from #ahcj till the end  
of his life1 he continued as a chaplain 
in the naval service4  ,his first       
appointment was to the ,west ,india     
squadron1 where his reputation was      
increased by several incidents          
illustrative of his personal character4 
,on one occasion a murderous affray had 
taken place between a boat's crew of    
,american sailors and a party of        
,spaniards belonging to ,pensacola1 in  
which several sailors were killed4 ,mr4 
,colton drew up the official report of  
the outrage1 in which he handled the    
police with just severity4 ,the mayor1  
himself a ,spaniard1 and a man of       
desperate character1 was greatly        
enraged1 and swore he would take ample  
vengeance4 ,he watched his opportunity1 

and attempted to rush on the chaplain   
with his long knife before he could     
protect himself4 ,but the latter1       
drawing his pistols at the instant1     
levelled one of them at his breast1 and 
told the mayor if he stirred his hand   
except to return his knife to its belt1 
he would put a ball through his heart4  
,the ,spaniard hesitated for a few      
minutes1 and reluctantly complied4      
,returning from the ,west ,indies ,mr4  
,colton was appointed to the            
,constellation frigate1 and sailed for  
the ,mediterranean1 and in the three    
years during which he was connected with
 this station1 he travelled through     
,spain1 ,italy1 ,greece1 and ,asia      
,minor2 visited ,constantinople1 and    
made his way to ,paris and ,london4 ,the
 results of his observations he         
partially gave to the public in volumes 
entitled ,ship and ,shore1 and ,a ,visit
 to ,constantinople and ,athens4 ,soon  
after the publication of these works1 he
 was appointed ,historiographer to the  

,south ,sea ,surveying and ,exploring   
,expedition2 but the ultimate reduction 
of the force designed for the ,pacific  
squadron1 and the resignation of his    
associates1 induced him to forego the   
advantages of this office1 for which he 
had made very careful preparations in   
ethnographical studies4  ,he was now    
stationed at ,philadelphia1 where he was
 chaplain successively of the ,navy     
,yard and of the ,naval ,asylum4 ,in    
this city we became acquainted with him1
 and for several years enjoyed his      
frequent society and intimate           
friendship1 so that few have had more   
ample opportunities of judging of his   
character4 ,in #ahda and #ahdb1 with the
 consent of the ,government1 he added to
 his official duties the editorship of  
the ,philadelphia ,north ,american1 and 
in these and the following years he     
wrote much upon religious and literary  
subjects for other journals4 ,we believe
 it was in #ahdd that he delivered      
before the literary societies of the    

,university of ,vermont1 a poem entitled
 ,the ,sailor1 which has not yet been   
published4 ,in the summer of #ahdf he   
was married1 and we were selected by him
 for that occasion to fill the office   
commonly falling to the nearest friend4 
,a few months afterward he was ordered  
to the ,congress1 the flag-ship of the  
,pacific squadron1 in which he arrived  
off the western coast of ,america soon  
after the commencement of the late war  
with ,mexico4 ,the incidents of the     
voyage round ,cape ,horn are detailed   
with more than his usual felicity in his
 book1 ,deck and ,port1 published last  
summer in this city by ,barnes  ,co4    
,soon after the arrival of the squadron 
at ,monterey1 he was appointed alcalde1 
or chief magistrate of that city1 an    
office of difficult duties and large    
responsibilities1 demanding the most    
untiring industry1 zeal1 and fortitude4 
,these were discharged with eminent     
faithfulness and ability1 so that he won
 as much the regard of the conquered    

inhabitants of the country1 as the      
respect of his more immediate           
associates4 ,in addition to the ordinary
 duties of his place1 ,mr4 ,colton      
established the first newspaper printed 
in ,california1 ,the ,californian1 now  
published in ,san ,francisco1 under the 
title of the ,alta ,california2 he built
 the first school-house in ,california2 
and also a large hall for public        
meetings--said to be the finest building
 in the state1 which the citizens called
 ,colton ,hall1 in honor of his public  
spirit and enterprise4 ,it was during   
his administration of affairs at        
,monterey that the discovery of gold in 
the ,sacramento ,valley was first made2 
and1 considering the vast importance    
which this discovery has since assumed1 
it may not be uninteresting to state    
that the honor of first making it       
publicly known in the ,atlantic ,states1
 whether by accident or otherwise1      
belongs properly to him4 ,it was first  
announced in a letter bearing his       

initials1 which appeared in the         
,philadelphia ,north ,american1 and the 
next day in a letter also written by    
him1 in the ,new-,york ,journal of      
,commerce4  ,mr4 ,colton returned to his
 home early last summer1 with           
anticipations of years of undisturbed   
happiness4 ,with a family deeply        
attached to him1 a large circle of      
friends1 good reputation1 and a fortune 
equal to his desires1 he applied himself
 leisurely to the preparation of his    
,,ms4 journals for the press1 and the   
revision of his earlier publications4   
,he had published1 besides ,deck and    
,port1 already mentioned1 ,three ,years 
in ,california1 and had nearly ready for
 the printer a much enlarged and        
improved edition of ,ship and ,shore1   
which was to be followed by ,a ,visit to
 ,constantinople1 ,athens1 and the      
,a,egean1 a collection of his ,poems1   
and a volume of ,miscellanies of        
,literature and ,religion4 ,his health  
however began to decline1 and a cold1   

induced by exposure during a late visit 
to ,washington1 ended in granular       
dropsy1 which his physician soon        
discovered to be incurable4 ,being in   
,philadelphia on the #bb;d of ,january1 
we left our hotel to pay him an early   
visit1 and found the death signs upon   
his door2 he had died at two o'clock    
that morning1 surrounded by his         
relations1 and in the presence of his   
friends the ,rev4 ,albert ,barnes and   
the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,herman ,hooker--died    
very calmly1 without mortal enemies and 
at peace with ,god4  ,mr4 ,colton was of
 an eminently genial nature1 fond of    
society1 and with such qualities as made
 him always a welcome associate4 ,his   
extensive and various travel had left   
upon his memory a thousand delightful   
pictures1 which were reflected in his   
conversation so distinctly and with such
 skilful preparation of the mind1 that  
his companions lived over his life with 
him as often as he chose to summon its  
scenes before them4 ,we believe him to  

have been very sincere in all the       
professions of honor and religion1 and  
fully deserving of the respectful       
regrets with which he will be remembered
 during the lives of his contemporaries4
   ,,auguste ,d',,avezac1 descended from
 an illustrious ,french family1 was born
 in the island of ,st4 ,domingo1 about  
the year #aghg4 ,he was educated at the 
celebrated college of ,la ,fleche1 in   
,france2 emigrated to the ,united       
,states2 studied medicine at ,edenton1  
,north ,carolina2 and on the acquisition
 of ,louisiana removed to ,new ,orleans4
 ,here his sister was married to        
,chancellor ,livingston1 and he himself 
became a successful lawyer4 ,when       
,general ,jackson arrived in ,new       
,orleans1 d',avezac became one of his   
aid-de-camps1 and he served with him to 
the end of the war1 and remained all his
 life among his most devoted friends4   
,when ,general ,jackson became          
,president he appointed ,major d',avezac
 ,charge d',affaires to ,naples1 and    

afterwards to the ,netherlands1 whence  
he was recalled by ,mr4 ,van ,buren1 but
 under circumstances which did not      
prevent his hearty support of the       
,president's administration4 ,he then   
took up his residence in ,new-,york1 and
 in #ahda and #ahdc was elected from    
this city to the ,legislature4 ,in      
#ahde1 he was appointed ,charge         
d',affaires to the ,hague1 and he       
remained there until superseded last    
year by ,mr4 ,folsom1 when he again     
returned to ,new-,york1 where he died on
 the #afth ultimo4 ,he was an eminently 
agreeable man in society1 and wrote in  
,french and ,english with ease and      
vivacity1 upon literature1 art1         
politics1 and history4   ,at the ,hague1
 a cortege of upwards of three thousand 
persons have just accompanied to the    
grave1 at the premature age of          
forty-two1 ,m4 ,,asser1 a judge of high 
reputation in that city1 and author of  
various works on comparative            
legislation4   ,france has lost one of  

her geographical celebrities1 ,m4       
,,pierre ,,lapie1 from whose hand have  
issued a multitude of valuable maps4    
,,dr4 ,,heinrich ,,frederick ,,link1    
,professor of ,botany in the ,university
 of ,berlin1 and ,director of the ,royal
 ,botanic ,garden of that city1 died on 
the first of ,january1 in the           
eighty-second year of his age4 ,his     
literary career extends back for more   
than half a century1 his first botanical
 essay1 consisting of some observations 
on the plants of the ,botanic ,garden at
 ,rostock1 having been published in     
#agie4 ,he was contemporary with        
,linnaeus1 having been eighteen years   
old when the great author of the        
,systema ,naturae died1 and1 from his   
botanical tastes1 was probably          
acquainted with that naturalist's       
writings long before his decease4  ,he  
graduated at ,gottingen in #aghi1 having
 read on that occasion an inaugural     
thesis on the ,flora of ,gottingen1     
referring more particularly to those    

found in calcareous districts4 ,shortly 
afterwards he was appointed ,professor  
of ,botany at ,rostock2 subsequently he 
held the same chair at ,breslau2 but the
 latter and larger portion of his       
scientific life was spent at ,berlin4   
,he practised at ,berlin as a physician 
among an extensive circle of friends1   
who had a high opinion of his medical   
skill4 ,although the name of ,link fills
 a large space in the literature of     
botany1 his mind was not of the highest 
order1 and his contributions to science 
are not likely to make a very permanent 
impression4 ,still1 he was an energetic1
 active man1 with an observant mind1 a  
retentive memory1 and with considerable 
power of systematic arrangement4 ,hence 
his works1 like those of ,linnaeus1 have
 been among the most valuable of the    
contributions to the botany of the      
century in which he lived4 ,of these1   
his ,elementa ,philosophiae ,botanicae  
may be quoted as the most useful4 ,this 
work1 which was published in #ahbd1 has 

served as the basis of most of our      
manuals and introductions to botany     
since that period4 ,he devoted          
considerable time and attention to the  
description of new species of plants1   
most of which he published in a         
continuation of ,willdenow's ,species   
,plantarum4 ,with ,count ,hoffmansegg1  
he commenced a ,flora of ,portugal1 and 
he also published a memoir on the plants
 of ,greece4 ,he contributed several    
valuable papers on physiological botany 
to the ,transactions of the ,natural    
,history ,society of ,berlin2 but he has
 done more service for vegetable        
physiology in his annual reports than in
 any other of his writings4 ,they       
comprise a summary of all that had been 
published in botany during the year1    
accompanied with many valuable remarks  
and sound criticisms of his own4 ,in    
these reports he had to defend himself  
and others from the heavy artillery     
directed against them by ,schleiden1    
who1 whilst claiming for himself a large

 margin for liberty of opinion1 is most 
unscrupulous and pertinaciously         
offensive towards those who differ from 
him4 ,in these literary contests1       
however1 ,link showed that the          
experience of above fifty years had not 
been lost upon him1 and he was not      
unfrequently more than a match for the  
vigor and logic of his youthful and more
 precipitate adversary4 ,according to   
custom1 a funeral oration was pronounced
 over his grave2 but unfortunately the  
clergyman selected being a strictly     
orthodox person1 and not being able to  
approve of the spirit of the whole of   
the writings of the deceased1 censured  
them1 it is said1 in most unbecoming    
language1 to the indignation of the     
numerous friends present4   ,the        
,italian poet ,,luigi ,,carrer1 died at 
,venice on the twenty-third of          
,december4   ,,general ,,don ,,jose ,,de
 ,,san ,,martin1 formerly the ,protector
 of ,peru1 and one of the most          
deservedly eminent of the public men of 

the ,spanish ,american ,states1 died in 
,august1 #ahej1 at ,bologna1 in the     
seventy-second year of his age4 ,his    
death has but recently been announced1  
and we receive the information now1 not 
from ,europe or from ,south ,america1   
but by way of the ,sandwich ,islands4   
,the ,honolulu ,polynesian of ,december 
fourteenth1 translating from the        
,panameno1 gives us the following       
particulars of his life4 ,general ,san  
,martin was a native of one of the      
,provinces of ,buenos ,ayres1 but       
previous to the war of independence1    
passed over to ,spain1 where he entered 
into the army1 and distinguished himself
 at the battle of ,baylen4 ,in the      
,spanish army1 he rose to the rank of   
,lieutenant ,colonel4 ,after his native 
country1 ,buenos ,ayres1 had declared   
itself independent of the mother        
country1 he returned from ,spain1 and   
fought with great bravery1 against      
,artigas1 and in other military         
contests4 ,he thereby gained so much    

reputation with his countrymen1 that    
when an expedition to liberate ,chile   
was determined upon1 he was the chief   
chosen to organize and command it4 ,he  
fulfilled that trust1 in an admirable   
manner1 at ,mendoza--carried his small  
army successfully across the ,andes1    
through an able piece of strategy1      
confided to a brave young ,chilian1 ,don
 ,manuel ,rodriguez1 at a point where   
the ,spanish forces did not expect the  
invading army1 and signally defeated    
them1 on the plains of ,chacabuco1 near 
the ,capital of ,chile4 ,the defeated   
,spaniards had to retire and concentrate
 themselves in the ,south4 ,san ,martin 
occupied the whole country and shut them
 up in ,talcachuano4 ,expecting that the
 ,spaniards would be soon reinforced    
from ,peru1 ,san ,martin1 with the aid  
of several foreign officers1 ,french and
 ,english1 recruited his forces in      
,chile1 and raised his army to about    
#ijjj men4 ,a strong reinforcement      
having arrived from ,peru1 at           

,talcahuano1 under the command of       
,general ,ossioro1 the ,spaniards       
regained possession of the ,province of 
,concepcion1 took the offensive1 and    
advanced towards the ,capital4 ,san     
,martin1 with forces numerically        
superior1 advanced to drive them back4  
,the two armies met at ,cancha ,rayada1 
where1 on ,san ,martin's birth day1 in  
#ahai1 the ,spaniards attacked his army 
at night1 signally defeated and         
dispersed them4 ,the only division that 
retired unbroken1 was that commanded by 
,general ,don ,gregorio de las ,heras1  
and the army of the ,andes left on the  
field its whole artillery1 excepting    
only one piece which was saved by the   
personal exertions and cool intrepidity 
of ,captain ,miller1 of that army1 now  
,h4 ,b4 ,m4 ,consul ,general for these  
,islands4 ,after that unexpected defeat1
 the greatest consternation prevailed in
 the ,capital of ,chile1 the cause of   
the ,republic was considered desperate1 
but the ,supreme ,director1 ,general    

,don ,bernardo ,ohiggins1 made immense  
exertions to reunite the scattered army 
and to strengthen it1 by new levies2 the
 patriotism of the ,chilians roused     
itself with an energy equal to the      
emergency2 resident foreign merchants1  
wishing well to the country and alarmed 
by a report that it was the intention of
 the ,spanish ,commander in ,chief to   
shoot them all and confiscate their     
property 7it being then contrary to the 
laws of ,spain that foreigners should   
reside in or trade with her ,colonies   
without special license71 supplied      
money1 arms and accoutrements4 ,an army 
was thus reformed with extraordinary    
expedition2 its confidence was restored 
by a troop of cavalry sent to           
reconnoitre1 headed by ,major ,vial1 a  
brave ,french officer1 who gallantly    
charged and routed a superior force of  
the enemy1 and1 under the command of    
,general ,san ,martin1 on the #eth of   
,april1 #ahej1 on the plain of ,maypu1  
it defeated the ,spanish army so        

completely1 that only a few of the      
fugitives reached ,talcahuano4  ,but    
experience having shown that the        
independence of ,chile could never be   
considered secure so long as the        
,spaniards retained their hold on ,peru1
 it was resolved to make an attempt to  
liberate that ,vice-,royalty4 ,colonel  
,miller1 whose promotion after the      
affair of ,cancha ,rayadu had been      
rapid1 was sent with a small but active 
force to land at ,arica and operate in  
the ,southern ,provinces1 where by      
astute strategy and several brilliant   
successes he confirmed his high         
reputation4 ,san ,martin soon after     
followed with the main army1 escorted by
 the ,chilian squadron under command of 
,lord ,cochran2 in running down the     
coast1 he took in ,colonel ,miller with 
his troops1 and knowing the powerful    
diversion that the latter had made in   
the ,south1 he proceeded northward to   
,pisco1 where a force was landed under  
the command of ,colonel ,charles and    

,colonel ,miller1 that made itself      
master of the place1 after a bloody     
combat1 in which the former gallantly   
fell while cheering on his troops1 and  
the latter received several musket      
balls1 one of which passed through his  
liver4  ,according to the plan of       
,general ,san ,martin1 the force landed 
to the ,south of ,lima1 advanced into   
the interior to the silver mines of     
,pasco under the command of ,general    
,arenales1 where it defeated the        
,spanish forces under ,general ,oreilly1
 while ,san ,martin himself1 with the   
main body1 effected his landing near    
,huacho to the ,north of ,lima4 ,by this
 plan1 ably conceived and no less ably  
executed1 the ,spaniards were reduced to
 the ,capital and ,callao1 which port at
 the same time was strictly blockaded by
 ,lord ,cochran's squadron4 ,the fall of
 both ,lima and ,callao was only a      
question of time2 it was retarded for   
some months owing to the great sickness 
that weakened ,san ,martin's ranks2 but 

these were filled up by desertions from 
the enemy2 the whole regiment of        
,numancia passed over to the ,patriot   
side1 and at last ,san ,martin entered  
the ,capital at the head of his troops1 
amidst the acclamations of the          
inhabitants4 ,he was soon after declared
 ,protector of ,peru1 and               
,general-in-,chief of the ,army4 ,having
 now a ,peruvian character1 and having  
come to liberate--not to conquer the    
country1 he considered it right to      
create a ,peruvian ,army4 ,as a nucleus 
for its formation1 the ,peruvian ,legion
 7intended to consist of several        
,batallions71 was raised1 and placed    
under the command of ,colonel ,miller4  
,but ,lima and its luxuries proved the  
,capua of ,san ,martin's army--national 
jealousies arose between the ,buenos    
,ayrean and the ,chilian chiefs--,san   
,martin's confidence in foreign officers
 and his endeavors to create a national 
army in ,peru gave great umbrage to     
both2 a secret political ,lodge was     

formed among the leading chiefs of      
corps1 and he was openly charged with   
latent designs to make himself the ,king
 or ,perpetual ,dictator of ,peru4  ,the
 ,spanish army1 which had evacuated the 
,capital unbroken1 profiting by these   
dissensions and the delay of the        
,patriot army in the ,capital1 had      
largely recruited itself in the valley  
of ,jauja2 they were every day gaining  
more strength1 while the ,patriot army  
was becoming daily weaker both          
physically and morally2 under these     
circumstances ,general ,san ,martin     
sought an interview with ,bolivar1 at   
,guayaquil1 and shortly after his return
 to ,lima1 in #ahbb1 he resigned his    
high post of ,protector and             
,general-in-chief1 and embarked for     
,europe4 ,on his arrival in ,europe1    
after a short visit to the ,east of     
,fife1 ,san ,martin passed his time     
chiefly in ,brussels and ,paris1 so much
 respected by all who knew him1 and so  
esteemed for his probity1 that ,sor     

,aguado1 the rich ,spanish ,banker1 on  
his death-bed1 named ,san ,martin his   
,executor4  ,it is believed that he     
retired from ,peru1 disgusted with the  
false charges that were brought against 
him1 and after having obtained a promise
 from his great rival1 ,bolivar1 that he
 would finish the war1 which it would   
have been much for ,san ,martin's own   
glory to have concluded himself4 ,if so1
 he had the magnanimity to prefer the   
good of ,peru to his own glory1 a virtue
 never found except amongst men of great
 nobleness of soul4 ,san ,martin may    
have even thought that under the        
circumstances1 his great rival was      
fitter to conclude the war than he was  
himself2 and if he did so1 the result   
proved at once his modesty and the      
soundness of his judgment1 for when the 
,peruvian ,government had fairly        
intrusted their destinies to ,bolivar1  
in rapid succession1 he fought the      
bloody battles of ,junin and ,ayacucho1 
the result of which was the final and   

total liberation of ,peru4  ,nor was    
,bolivar less just to foreign officers  
of merit than ,san ,martin4 ,amongst his
 ,generals and ,aid-de-camps ranked     
,general ,brawn1 ,general ,oleary1      
,colonel ,wilson1 and many others2 and  
,colonel ,miller 7who had been raised to
 the rank of ,general71 as the reward of
 his gallant conduct in the last        
hard-fought fields of ,junin and        
,ayacucho1 received the further honor of
 being declared a ,marescal de          
,agacucho4 ,to other officers of ,peru1 
of ,chile and of ,buenos ,ayres1        
,bolivar was equally just1 thus showing 
that he was superior to any petty       
jealousy of those chiefs with whose aid 
,san ,martin1 his illustrious           
predecessor1 had made those great       
achievements which a weaker mind might  
have looked upon with envy as1 in some  
respects1 overwhelming his own4         
,,frederick ,,bastiat1 the political    
economist1 whose health had been very   
feeble for nearly a year1 and of whose  

death last summer in ,italy a report was
 copied into the ,international1 died in
 ,rome on the #bdth of ,december4 ,he   
was born at ,bayonne in #ahja1 and after
 completing his education1 he retired to
 a quiet village in the department of   
,landes1 to pursue his favorite studies 
of trade and society4 ,he was           
successively called to various offices  
of the department1 and to the present   
,national ,assembly he was chosen by a  
vote of #ef1jjj1 being the second in the
 list of seven representing the ,landes4
 ,his first book1 we believe1 was       
,cobden et la ,ligue1 published in      
#ahdd1 from which period he was an      
industrious writer4 ,without being a    
discoverer of new truths1 he possessed  
in an eminent degree the faculty of     
expanding1 with clearness and vigor1 the
 grounds and the effects of complex     
natural laws already developed by the   
technical processes of philosophy4 ,his 
writings have been exceedingly popular4 
,the whole or nearly the whole1 of the  

tracts written by him under the generic 
title of ',sophismes ,economiques1'     
originally appeared in the ,journal des 
,economistes--a periodical of which for 
the last six years he had been a        
principal supporter4 ,the disease of    
which he died was a very painful and    
peculiar affection of the throat4 ,he   
had suffered from it more or less1 for  
some years2 and the hard work of the    
last session of the ,assembly brought   
the disorder to a crisis which the      
strength of the patient did not enable  
him to overcome4 ,he may be regarded as 
the virtual leader of the ,free ,trade  
party in ,france4 ,he aided with all his
 energies the ,association ,francaise   
pour la ,liberte des ,echanges1 and he  
did his utmost to spread among his      
countrymen that new philosophy of trade4
 ,his last and most important work1 ,les
 ,harmonies ,economiques1 we lately     
noticed in these pages4 ,his ,sophismes 
,economiques were translated a few years
 ago by a daughter of ,langdon ,cheves1 

of ,south ,carolina1 and published in   
this city by ,mr4 ,putnam4 ,the extent  
to which ,m4 ,bastiat was indebted to   
our countryman1 ,henry ,c4 ,carey1 may  
be inferred from a note in the ,february
 number of the ,international1 page     
#djb4   ,,benjamin ,w4 ,,crowninshield1 
died in ,boston1 on ,monday the #c;d of 
,february4 ,he had left his carriage and
 entered a store1 when he suddenly fell 
and expired1 having previously suffered 
from a disease of the heart1 which is   
supposed to have been the cause of his  
death1 although he was about #gg years  
of age4 ,he had been a resident of      
,boston nearly twenty years1 during the 
greater part of which period he had been
 retired from public life4 ,he had      
previously resided in ,salem1 where the 
,crowninshields were long distinguished 
for wealth and commercial enterprise4   
,he was many years a prominent leader of
 the old democratic republican party4   
,in ,december1 #ahad1 he received1 from 
,president ,madison1 the appointment of 

,secretary of the ,navy1 which office he
 held 7being continued by ,president    
,monroe7 until he resigned1 in          
,november1 #ahah1 when he was succeeded 
by ,smith ,thompson1 afterwards judge of
 the ,supreme ,court4 ,in #ahbc he was  
chosen a member of ,congress from ,essex
 ,south ,district1 and was continued by 
his constituents in that station until  
#ahca--;eight years4 ,he was in         
,congress when ,john ,quincy ,adams was 
elected ,president of the ,united       
,states1 by that body2 he participated  
in that election by giving his vote for 
,mr4 ,a41 and was a zealous supporter of
 his administration1 acting subsequently
 with the whig party4 ,he was           
repeatedly1 at different periods of his 
life1 a member of the state legislature1
 and although not distinguished for     
eminent talents1 in all the stations    
which he filled he enjoyed1 in a high   
degree1 the public confidence4          
,,professor ,,anstey1 lately connected  
with ,st4 ,mary's ,college1 at          

,wilmington1 died in the early part of  
,february4 ,he was dismissed from his   
station on account of intemperate       
habits1 but continued his dissipation   
until reduced to the utmost destitution1
 wandering about homeless and           
friendless4 ,he was discovered at length
 in an almost frozen state1 in an old   
hovel1 with a bottle of whiskey by his  
side1 and soon died from the effects of 
his suffering4 ,professor ,anstey was a 
young man of fine classical attainments1
 and was the author of a work published 
a year or two since in ,philadelphia1   
entitled1 ,elements of ,literature1 or  
an introduction to the ,study of        
,rhetoric and ,belle ,lettres4          
,,donald ,,mckenzie1 born in ,scotland1 
,june #ae1 #aghc1 died on the #bjth of  
,january1 at ,mayville1 in ,new-,york4  
,at the age of seventeen he came over to
 ,canada and joined the ,north ,west    
,company1 and continued eight years with
 them4 ,in #ahji he became one of the   
partners with the late ,john ,jacob     

,astor1 in establishing the fur trade   
west of the ,rocky ,mountains1 and with 
,mr4 ,hunt1 of ,st4 ,louis1 made the    
overland route to the mouth of the      
,columbia ,river1 a feat then rarely    
attempted1 and full of perils1 and      
remained at ,astoria until it was       
surrendered by ,mc,dougal to the        
,british4 ,he converted every thing he  
could into available funds1 which he    
carried safely through the wilderness to
 ,mr4 ,astor4 ,washington ,irving1 in   
,astoria1 narrates a few of ,mr4        
,mc,kenzie's adventures on the          
frontiers1 although the friends of      
,mc,kenzie claim that injustice has been
 done him by ,mr4 ,irving1 relative to  
the betrayal of ,astoria4 ,they contend 
that to him alone was ,mr4 ,astor       
indebted for all that was saved4 ,after 
the restoration of peace1 ,mc,kenzie    
exerted himself to secure for the       
,united ,states the exclusive trade of  
,oregon1 but after a long negotiation   
with ,mr4 ,astor1 and through him with  

,messrs4 ,madison1 ,gallatin1 and other 
leading individuals in and out of       
office1 the matter was abandoned1 and   
,mc,kenzie1 in ,march1 #ahba1 joined the
 ,hudson ,bay ,company1 and was         
immediately appointed one of the        
,council1 and ,chief ,factor4 ,in       
,august1 #ahbe1 he was married to       
,adelegonde ,humburt 7who survives him71
 and was shortly after appointed        
,governor4 ,at this time he resided at  
,fort ,garry1 ,red ,river settlement1   
where he continued to reside until      
#ahcb1 in active and prosperous         
business1 in which he amassed a large   
fortune4 ,in ,august of the following   
year he went to reside in ,mayville1    
where he spent the rest of his life4    
,,horace ,,everett1 ,,ll4,d41 formerly a
 distinguished representative in        
,congress from ,vermont1 died at        
,windsor in that ,state on the #cjth of 
,january1 in the seventy-second year of 
his age4 ,elected to ,congress by the   
opponents of ,general ,jackson1 he      

entered the ,house of ,representatives  
in #ahbi1 and was continued by his      
constituents1 inhabiting one of the     
strongest and most enlightened whig     
districts in the ,union1 for fourteen   
consecutive years--his last term        
expiring in ,march1 #ahdc4 ,during his  
career in ,congress1 he was one of the  
most prominent whigs of the ,house1     
occupying the front rank1 as one of the 
most able of parliamentary debaters1    
distinguished also as much his good     
sense and acquirements1 as for his      
eloquence4 ,among his best speeches1    
were several on the ,indian ,bill1 so   
called1 growing out of the difficulties 
between ,georgia and the ,cherokees4    
,the ,london ,morning ,chronicle has a  
brief notice of ,,james ,,harfield1 who 
was connected with that journal more    
than twenty years4 ,his reading1 in     
every department of literature1 was     
prodigious1 and his memory almost a     
phenomenon4 ,on all matters connected   
with ,parliamentary history1 precedent1 

and etiquette in particular1 ,mr4       
,harfield was an encyclopaedia of       
information1 while the stores of his    
learning1 in every department1 were     
always freely at the command of his     
friends and colleagues4 ,in early life1 
,mr4 ,harfield was a protege of1 and    
afterwards acted as secretary to1       
,jeremy ,bentham1 who acknowledged his  
sense of his young friend's services by 
bequeathing to him a magnificent        
library4   ,,william ,,wilson1 a painter
 of considerable reputation1 died in    
,charleston1 ,s4 ,c1 on the #bhth of    
,january4 ,the ,charleston ,evening     
,news says3--,he was a native of        
,yorkshire1 ,england1 but for the last  
twenty years has resided in this        
country1 and during the last eleven1 in 
,georgia and ,south ,carolina4 ,in all  
the relations of life1 as husband1      
father1 son1 and brother1 he was        
irreproachable1 while his gentle and    
winning manners conciliated general     
esteem and regard4 ,at his death ,mr4   

,wilson had attained a distinguished    
reputation as a portrait painter1 in    
which department he first attracted     
attention in #ahcf1 by the exhibition of
 a portrait of an intimate friend at the
 first exhibition of the ,american      
,art-,union1 at the ,apollo ,gallery4   
,in #ahcg he exhibited several heads of 
the ,academy of ,design1 which attracted
 much attention4 ,in #ahdd he exhibited 
a head of a brother artist1 which was   
more generally admired than any similar 
production for years4 ,in #ahdf ,mr4 ,w4
 received a commission from the ,state  
of ,georgia to execute two              
portraits--one of ,william ,h4          
,crawford1 former ,secretary of the     
,treasury1 and the other of ,gen4       
,jackson4 ,after a tedious and          
troublesome journey to the ,north1 in   
search of ,jarvis's portrait of         
,crawford1 which could not be traced1 he
 returned to ,charleston1 and while     
copying from ,vanderlyn's portrait of   
,gen4 ,jackson in the ,city ,hall1 he   

was presented by ,charles ,fraser1      
,esq41 with a proof engraving of        
,jarvis's ,crawford1 from which1 on his 
return to ,augusta1 he produced a most  
striking portrait of ,georgia's greatest
 statesman4 ,these pictures of ,jackson 
and ,crawford1 which adorn the ,state   
,house at ,milledgeville1 will be       
lasting memorials of his excellence as  
an artist4   ,,james ,,wallace1 ,d4,d41 
the distinguished ,mathematician1       
several years ,professor of ,mathematics
 in ,columbia ,college1 ,new-,york1 died
 in ,lexington ,district1 ,south        
,carolina1 on the #aeth of ,january4    
,after completing his course of         
,theology1 he was ordained a clergyman  
of the ,roman ,catholic ,church1 and was
 then appointed to the chair of         
,mathematics in ,georgetown ,college1   
,d4,c4 ,a few years later he removed to 
,columbia1 ,s4 ,c41 and was appointed   
,professor of ,mathematics in ,south    
,carolina ,college4 ,while in ,new-,york
 he published his justly celebrated     

,treatise on ,globes and ,practical     
,astronomy1 and had prepared materials  
for an entire course of ,natural        
,philosophy and ,astronomy1 but was     
compelled to relinquish his design on   
account of ill-health and advanced age4 
,he was also the author of numerous     
scientific articles in the ,southern    
,quarterly ,review4 ,he possessed one of
 the choicest and most extensive        
scientific libraries in the ,united     
,states1 which was almost entirely      
destroyed by the great conflagration of 
#ahcg3 the remnant of it1 with his      
scientific apparatus1 was bequeathed to 
the ,catholic ,theological ,seminary of 
,charleston4 ,he was a resident of      
,south ,carolina during the last        
thirty-eight years4   ,,joshua ,,milne1 
the author of the celebrated treatise on
 ,annuities and ,assurances1 we see by  
the ,english papers died recently near  
,london at the advanced age of          
seventy-eight4 ,he is said to have left 
behind him the most complete collection 

extant on subjects connected with the   
statistics of vitality1 of which a      
portion at least will probably be given 
to the public4   ,the ,hungarian        
,general ,,bem1 expired with the        
half-century4 ,born at ,tarnon1 a ,pole1
 he died at ,aleppo1 a ,turk4 ,in early 
youth he served in the ,russian army    
against ,napoleon in his disastrous     
campaign4 ,he was the friend1 companion1
 and favorite of the ,grand ,duke       
,constantine1 until certain indignities 
to himself and cruelties to his         
countrymen made him the implacable foe  
of ,russia4 ,he joined the ,polish      
insurrection of #ahca1 and performed    
prodigies of valor at the battle of     
,ostrolenka4 ,like many others1 he      
became a fugitive and a wanderer4       
,unsuccessful patriotism reduced the    
companion of royalty to be a pensioner  
on the charity of the friends of ,poland
 in ,london4 #ahdh gave ,bern once more 
a career4 ,he went to ,vienna1 and when 
the people were in the ascendant1 in    

,october1 he held a command4 ,but the   
,viennese could not trust the ,pole4    
,incompetent men were placed over him4  
,vienna fell before the artillery of    
,windischgratz and ,jellachich in       
,november4 ,slaughter1 terror1 violation
 reigned4 ,never will the ,viennese     
forget the red cloaks of the ,croats4   
,the educated youth of ,vienna were shot
 in clusters4 ,robert ,blum was led out 
to perish4 ,the ,odeon1 although used as
 an hospital1 was laid in ashes1 with   
the wounded in it4 ,great rewards were  
offered for the apprehension of the     
popular leaders and generals still      
alive4 ,the search for ,bem was         
vigilant4 ,he doffed the costume of a   
hackney coachman1 filled his vehicle    
with a ,hungarian family of nurses and  
children1 mounted the box under the eyes
 of spies and soldiers1 laughed at      
inspection1 and drove off to ,hungary4  
,for ten mouths he was victorious there 
over the ,austrians4 ,bem beat the ,ban4
 ,splinters from an old wound escaping  

from his leg all the time1 and able only
 to sit on horseback4   ,t4 ,s4         
,,davies1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,a4,s41 and a   
,professor of ,mathematics in the ,royal
 ,military ,academy at ,woolwich1 died  
on the #fth of ,january at ,shooter's   
,hill1 ,kent1 in the fifty-seventh year 
of his age4 ,mr4 ,davies was a very     
distinguished mathematician1 and the    
author of several works on mathematics4 
,he possessed1 also1 extensive and      
varied acquirements in different        
branches of science and literature4 ,nor
 was he unmindful of the claims of the  
more humble aspirant to mathematical    
honors2 his encouragement and advice    
were liberally bestowed1 as many        
deserving young men could testify4      
,,henry ,,christian ,,schumacher1 the   
celebrated ,danish ,astronomer1 died at 
,altona on the #bhth of ,december1 aged 
about seventy years4 ,he commenced his  
professional career at the age of       
twenty-five1 as professor of astronomy  
in the ,university of ,copenhagen4 ,in  

#ahbb1 his royal master1 ,frederic      
,,vi41 caused to be built1 expressly    
that ,schumacher might be placed at the 
head of it1 the ,observatory of ,altona4
 ,from #ahbj to #ahbi he published his  
,auxiliary ,tables of ,astronomy1 in ten
 volumes1 quarto4 ,his ,astronomical    
,annals1 continued from #ahcj to the    
date of his death1 have1 with his       
,tables1 given him a high and wide      
reputation4 ,in #ahcb the ,king of      
,denmark established the reward of a    
golden medal for the discovery of new   
microscopic comets2 and it was upon his 
favorite ,schumacher exclusively that he
 devolved the duty of verifying the     
title of claimants and assigning the    
medal4 ,since #ahdg ,schumacher has been
 the correspondent of the ,academy of   
,sciences of ,paris4   ,,maxwell1 the   
,irish novelist1 and author of          
innumerable humorous sketches in the    
periodical literature of the day1       
expired on the #bith of ,december1 at   
,musselberge1 near ,edinburgh4 ,his     

generally vigorous health had of late   
broken down1 and he crept into the      
retirement of this sequestered village  
to die4 ,he had been in early life a    
captain in the ,british army1 and was of
 course the delight of the mess-room1   
and a general favorite in social        
circles4 ,he subsequently entered the   
church1 and was some years prebendary of
 ,balla1 a wild ,connaught church       
living1 without any congregation or cure
 of souls attached to it2 though it     
afforded what he was admirably capable  
of dealing with1 plenty of game4 ,of a  
warm-hearted1 kind1 and manly           
temperament1 he made friends of all who 
came within the range of his wit or the 
circle of his acquaintance4 ,he was the 
founder of that school which counts the 
,harry ,lorrequers and others among its 
humble disciples2 but the ,story of my  
,life1 and ,wild ,sports of the ,west1  
will not be easily surpassed in the     
peculiar qualities of that gay and      
off-hand style of which he was the      

originator4 ,among his other more       
successful works are ,stories of        
,waterloo1 ,hector ,o',halloran1 and    
,rambling ,recollections of a ,soldier  
of ,fortune4 ,besides his novels1 he    
wrote ,notes and ,reflections during a  
,ramble in ,germany1 ,victories of the  
,british ,armies1 and a ,life of ,field 
,marshal the ,duke of ,wellington4      
,,alexander ,,macdonald1 well known to  
the public as an antiquary1 died early  
in ,january at ,edinburgh4 ,he was one  
of ,mr4 ,thompson's earliest assistants 
in the publication of the ,acts of the  
,parliaments of ,scotland1 and other    
works1 undertaken by the ,record        
,commissioners4 ,he was long a most     
active member of the ,society of        
,antiquaries of ,scotland2 and the      
library and museum of that body owe much
 to his industry and intelligence4 ,he  
edited several volumes of the ,maitland 
,club1 to which he contributed ,the     
,register of ,ministers in the year     
#aefg--the earliest extant record of the

 ecclesiastical appointments of the     
,reformed ,church in ,scotland4 ,mr4    
,macdonald also largely supplied the    
materials of ,sir ,walter ,scott's notes
 and illustrations of the ,waverley     
,novels4 ,he held many years the office 
of ,keeper of the ,register of ,deeds   
and ,protests in ,scotland4             
,scientific ,miscellanies   ,,mr4       
,,walsh writes from ,paris to the       
,journal of ,commerce1 in the last      
month1 as follows3  ,the ,annuaire1 or  
,annual for the present year1 has been  
issued by the ,board of ,longitude4 ,m4 
,arago has appended to it nearly #bjj   
pages on the ,calendar in which he      
treats of all the divisions of time     
among the ancients and the moderns4     
,this celebrated astronomer does not    
belie1 in this notice1 his reputation   
for handling scientific subjects so as  
to make them clear to common            
apprehension4 ,he announces1 in his     
second page1 that he has completed and  
will soon publish a ,treatise of        

,popular ,astronomy2 a desideratum for  
,france4 ,sir ,john ,herschel has       
supplied it for ,english readers1 in his
 ,outlines4 ,the present history and    
explanations of the ,calendar may be    
recommended1 as material1 to your       
,professor ,loomis4 ,in the section     
concerning the period at which the      
,paris clocks were first regulated on   
the mean or true time1 ,arago observes3 
,it will not happen again that an       
astronomer shall hear for a half hour1  
the same hour struck by different       
clocks1 as ,delambre told me he had     
often experienced4 ,m4 ,chabrol1 the    
,prefect of the ,department of the      
,seine1 before he would introduce this  
useful change1 required1 as a guaranty  
for himself1 a report from the ,board of
 ,longitude3 he was fearful that the    
change might provoke the working        
population to insurrection2 that they   
might refuse to accept a mid-day or noon
 which1 by a contradiction in terms1    
would not correspond to the middle of   

the day2 which would divide in two      
unequal portions the time comprised     
between the rising and the setting of   
the sun4 ,but this sinister anticipation
 was not realized2 the operation passed 
without being perceived4 ,it is all     
important1 on the railroads1 that the   
clocks at the different stations should 
be so regulated4 ,arago remarks that    
among the ancients it would have been   
dangerous to announce the existence of  
more than seven planets1 owing to the   
mysterious virtues ascribed to that     
number2 to complete it the sun was      
counted among the planets4 ,he discusses
 the point--which is the first day of   
the week1 and decides for ,sunday4 ,he  
devotes a section to the question--,will
 the period come when the days will be  
equal between themselves1 and have the  
same temperature throughout the year8   
,he concludes1 of course1 in the        
negative4 ,he decides1 also1 that the   
nineteenth century began only on the    
#ast of ,january1 #ahja4 ,particular    

interest may be attributed to the       
section on the long series of ages which
 the ancients invested with the title   
,the ,great ,year4 ,the high names of   
,plato1 ,cicero1 ,seneca1 ,plutarch1    
should not prevent us from regarding the
 opinions of antiquity on the relations 
of the great year1 with the events of   
every kind observable on the earth1 as  
among the crudest conceptions that have 
descended to the moderns4  ,at the      
sitting of the ,academy of ,sciences on 
the #bdth ult41 ,m4 ,,augustin ,,cauchy 
read a memoir on the transversal        
vibrations of ether1 and of the         
dispersion of colors4 ,he furnished a   
simple1 and easily intelligible         
mathematical theory of the various      
phenomena of light1 and particularly1   
the theory of the dispersion of colors4 
,lord ,brougham read a paper of his     
,researches1 ,experimental and          
,analytical1 on ,light4 ,his ,lordship's
 ambition is to shine in optics1 as in  
every thing else2 but you will see by a 

,london paragraph that his researches   
have nearly cost him his eyesight4 ,dr4 
,aran submitted a ,memoir1 which seems  
to be quite important1 on local         
anesthetic medication4 ,in the medical  
point of view1 he remarks1 the number of
 cases in which local anesthetic        
applications may be employed1 is truly  
immense4 ,my experiments and researches1
 during many months1 have conducted me  
to this practical result1 which is      
worthy of all attention4 ,whenever an   
acute pain exists in any part of the    
animal economy1 whether the pain        
constitute the malady in itself or be   
only an integral and principal part of  
it1 the physician can relieve the       
patient of it for a longer or shorter   
time1 by one or various local anesthetic
 applications4 ,great service1 too1 may 
be rendered by the precedent use of them
 in various surgical cases4 ,the        
medication is wonderfully useful in     
articular acute rheumatism4  ,local     
anesthetic properties belong to all the 

agents in which the general have been   
found4 ,they depend on the degree of    
fixity of the substance4 ,a number of   
the anesthetics are irritating for the  
skin2 chloroform in particular4         
,according to ,dr4 ,aran1 the best agent
 for topical use is ether chlorhydique  
chlore4 ,this is efficacious in a few   
minutes4 ,monsieur ,recamier has        
submitted to the ,academy of ,medicine a
 galvanic cataplasm1 by which1 when it  
is applied to the skin1 the benefit of  
electricity is fully conveyed1 without  
the least pain4 ,the reporter exclaims1 
',yes1 who would have thought it8       
,electricity is transformed into        
cataplasm4 ,this mysterious power1      
which1 perhaps1 is life itself1 is      
reduced to an humble and common part in 
pharmaceutical science4'  ,at the       
sitting of the ,academy of ,sciences on 
the #cjth ult41 a very interesting      
memoir 7the #dth7 was read by ,m4,a4    
,masson1 with the title1 ,studies of    
,electrical ,photometry4 ,he thinks that

 he has ascertained the cause of        
electrical light4 ,he ascribes the      
,aurora ,borealis to currents of great  
intensity situate in the higher regions 
of our atmosphere4 ,the ,report of      
,lieut4 ,j4,c4 ,walsh on his soundings1 
was referred for examination to         
,duperroy1 the member most eminent in   
hydrography4   ,,monsieur ,,pouillet1   
the great ,professor of ,physics1 has   
published in ,paris a work entitled     
,general ,notions of ,natural           
,philosophy and ,meteorology1 for the   
use of young persons2 and ,mr4          
,boussingault1 eminent as a scientific  
agriculturist1 the second edition of his
 ,rural ,economy considered in its      
,relations with ,chemistry1 ,physics1   
and ,mineralogy4 ,the ,treatise of      
,mineralogy by ,dufresnoy1 the          
celebrated ,professor1 who is of the    
,academy of ,sciences1 is complete1 and 
at least equal to any other extant4     
,there are four volumes octavo4 ,the    
#bb;d volume of the memoirs of the      

,academy was ready in ,september last2  
the #bc;d is in the press2 the #aath    
volume of ,foreign ,communications will 
appear this month4 ,twelve vacancies    
from death of foreign correspondents1   
are soon to be filled by election4 ,all 
merit is ascribed to the work of ,dr4   
,fairet1 entitled ,clinical             
,instructions respecting ,mental        
,maladies4 ,the author1 pupil and       
successor of ,pinel and ,esquirol1 is   
the physician of the ,salpetriere4      
,along with the able ,doctor ,voison1 he
 has a noble ,lunatic ,asylum of his    
own1 not far from the capital4   ,,sir  
,,david ,,brewster1 it seems1 has become
 a convert to that part of ,animal      
,magnetism called ,electro ,biology1 and
 which consists in willing a person to  
be somebody else4 ,after describing some
 wonderful experiments1 made in the     
presence of several scientific          
gentlemen1 by a ,mr4 ,,darling1 he says1
 they were all as convinced as ,i was1  
that the phenomena which we witnessed   

were real phenomena1 and as well        
established as any other facts in       
physical science4 ,the process by which 
the operator produces them--the mode by 
which that process acts upon the mind of
 the patient--and the reference of the  
phenomena to some general law in the    
constitution of man--may long remain    
unknown2 but it is not difficult to see 
in the recent discoveries of ,m4        
,,dubois ,,reymond and ,,matteucia1 and 
in the laws which regulate the relative 
intensity of the external and internal  
impressions on the nerves of sensation1 
some not very indistinct indications of 
that remarkable process by which minds  
of peculiar sensibility are temporarily 
placed under the dominion of physical   
influences developed and directed by    
some living agent4  ,illustration       
,ladies' ,fashions for ,early ,spring4  
,more attention than previously for many
 seasons appears to have been given this
 winter to ladies' fashions1 and some   
that have come out are remarkably       

tasteful1 while generally in fabric and 
manufacture they appear to be unusually 
expensive4 ,we compile this month mainly
 from the ,london ,world of ,fashion4   
,bonnets are remarkable for a novel     
form1 the front of the rims continuing  
large and open1 the crowns round1 low1  
and small4 ,of an elegant style are     
those made of ,orient gray pearl1 half  
satin1 half velours epingle1 having a   
very rich effect1 and decorated with    
touffes ,marquises1 composed of         
marabouts4 ,then1 we see bonnets of     
green satin1 ornamented at the edge1    
over the front1 and upon the crown1 with
 a stamped velvet imitating lace1 and   
decorated upon the left side with a     
small plumet in a weeping feather1 the  
ends of which are tied or knotted with  
green1 of two different shades2 this is 
a very favorite and recherche style4    
,also a bonnet of grayish green velvet1 
ornamented with a bunch of feathers     
composed of the grebe and the ostrich4  
,drooping low feathers of every         

description are in request for          
decorating bonnets4  ,ball ,dresses of  
light materials are most in vogue1 and  
are generally made of two and three     
skirts2 as white tulle1 with three      
skirts1 trimmed all round with a broad1 
open-worked satin ribbon2 the third     
skirt being raised on one side1 and     
attached with a large bouquet of        
flowers1 whilst the ribbon is twisted1  
and ascends to the side of the waist1   
where it finishes2 the same kind of     
flowers serves to ornament the sleeves  
and centre of the corsage1 which is also
 trimmed with a deep drapery of tulle4  
,feather trimmings are in vogue1        
disposed as fringes of marabout1 and    
placed at the edges of the double skirts
 of tulle4 ,another pretty style1       
composed also of white tulle1 and a     
double jupes1 the under one having a    
border of white marabout fringe         
sprinkled with small golden grains      
falling over them in a perfect shower2  
the second jupe having attached to the  

edge of the hem a narrower fringe2 the  
two sides of the upper skirt being open 
to the waist1 is ornamented upon each   
side with an embroidery of gold and     
white silk1 caught at regular distances 
with noeuds of white and gold gauze     
ribbon1 the floating ends of which are  
edged with fringe2 body a la ,grecque4  
,capotes of velvet are considerably     
lightened in appearance1 by a novelty   
consisting of a kind of open stamped    
velvet1 which is placed over satin2     
either a pretty contrast in color1 or of
 the same hue2 whilst those of plain    
velvet are relieved with trimmings of   
black lace1 with mancinis formed of the 
convolvulus1 made in green velvet4 ,the 
form of the present style of capotes is 
very open in front1 flat upon the top of
 the head1 and shallow and sloping at   
the back4 ,some are of green satin1     
trimmed with ribbons of an open pattern 
in black and green4 ,others are         
decorated with rows of fancy            
ribbon-velvet1 the interior having loops

 of narrow ribbon-velvet of two colors1 
charmingly blended4  ,i4 ,a high dress  
of green silk1 the body opening in front
 a la demi coeur2 the waist is long and 
rounded in front2 the sleeves1 reaching 
a little below the elbow1 are moderately
 wide1 and finished either by a ruche or
 rich guimpe trimming2 the skirt is     
plain1 long1 and full4 ,pardessus       
manteau of claret velvet1 fastening to  
the throat2 it is ornamented with a     
narrow silk trimming3 this manteau is   
lined with white silk1 quilted in large 
squares4 ,bonnet of green velvet1 with  
feathers of the same color placed low at
 the left side4  ,,ii4 ,robe of blue    
brocade2 the high body opens in the     
front nearly to the waist2 the fronts of
 the skirt are lined with amber satin1  
and a fulling of the same is placed on  
the edge of the fronts1 graduating in   
width towards the top2 it is carried    
round the neck of the dress2 the sleeves
 are very wide from the elbow1 and lined
 with amber satin2 the edge of the      

sleeve is left plain1 but there is a    
ruche of satin round the middle of the  
sleeve1 just above the elbow4 ,under    
dress of jaconet muslin1 trimmed with   
lace or embroidery4 ,cap of tulle1 with 
blue trimmings4  ,illustration  ,,iii4  
,a dress of pink tulle1 spotted and     
brode in silver2 the jupe composed of   
three skirts1 each waved round the lower
 part2 plain close-fitting body1 made   
very low1 and pointed at the waist2 the 
upper part decorated with a narrow cape1
 descending in a point upon the front of
 the corsage1 and decorated with a      
splendid bouquet of roses2 a second row 
of frilling forms the loose short       
sleeve2 the whole worn over a dress of  
pale pink satin2 a narrow row of white  
blonde encircling the neck4 ,the hair is
 arranged in a similar form to figure   
,i2 the only difference being that the  
noeud of ribbon is replaced by a        
beautiful drooping branch of pink shaded
 roses and light foliage2 a spray of the
 three green leaves being placed upon   

the centre of the front1 just over the  
parting of the hair4  ,,iv4 ,a dress of 
green satin2 the skirt1 long and full1  
has four rows of braid up the front2 the
 body is high1 open a little in the     
front1 the braid being carried round it2
 it is plaited from the shoulder to the 
waist2 wide sleeves1 with broad cuffs   
turned back2 they have three rows of    
braid on them4 ,mantelot of grey        
cachmere1 the sleeves a la ,maintenon2  
the edges are all scalloped and trimmed 
with braid4 ,bonnet of ultra marine     
velvet2 a broad black lace is turned    
back over the edge2 it has a deep       
curtain4  ,for a ,young ,lady's ,dress1 
,capote formed of rows of narrow pink   
fancy ribbon4 ,frock of dark blue       
cachmere2 the skirt trimmed with two    
rows of ribbon-velvet2 the cape formed  
of narrow folds1 open in the front1     
continued across with bands of velvet4  
,pantaloons of embroidered cambric4