,,contributions ,,to ,,sol> ,,& ,,t]re/rial ,,physics4 ,9 k1 t man only is to be contemn$ & despis$ :o is n 9 a /ate ( transition4 --nor is !re any?+ m adv]se to accuracy ?an fixity ( op9ion4--,,f>aday4 ,sci5ce mu/ gr[4 ,its developm5t is z necess>y1 & z irresi/ible z ! motion ( ! tides1 or ! fl[+ ( ! ,gulf ,/ream4--,,tyndall4 ,! cry ( sci5ce is /ill onw>d1 & its goal ( ye/]day w ev] be its />t+-po9t to-morr[4--,,dawson4 99499 ,may be procur$ ?r\gh all booksell]s4 ,x w be s5t by mail1 po/age free1 on receipt ( price1 #a4jj clo?1 #ej cts4 pap]4 ,lib]al disc\nt to ! trade4 ,p] ,c4 ,k4 ,,abel ,,son1 ,,booksell]s1 ,dunkirk1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,new ,,& ,,orig9al ,,!ories ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,physical ,,=ces4 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,raymond ,,rog]s1 ,m4,d4 ,e "t ,s]ves = ! matt] !n born 9 x4 ,,%aksp]e4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,mdccclxxviii4 ,,copyright1 #ahgh4 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,raymond ,,rog]s4 ,,tr[',s ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,bookb9d+ ,,co41 #bje-bac ,ea/ #ab? ,/41 ,,new ,,york4 ,,preface4 ,%[ me a man :o makes no mi/akes1 & ,i w %[ y a man :o has done no?+4--,,liebig4 ,9 ?is little volume ! au?or gives b 8 own p]sonal op9ions ^u ! subjects discuss$1 & al?\gh ! s5tim5ts are express$ ) an assurance born ( conviction1 yet he claims n infallibility4 ,he has ev] be5 unable to accept ! usual explanations ( ! great physical =ces2 & ! inadequacies ( moot$ !ories h impell$ him to ef=ts = m philosophical int]pretations4 ,if 9 8 inve/igations he has be5 =c$ to /range & unusual conclusions1 he has be5 actuat$ only by an hone/ desire to promote ! advancem5t ( sci5ce4 ,he is n ins5sible to ! responsibility ( ! position :i* he ?us volunt>ily assumes1 9 ass]t+ 8 op9ions ^u problems s va/ & mom5t\s4 ,x is no enviable position to occupy1 t ( antagonism to s l>ge a proportion ( ! sci5tific _w &1 too1 ^u subjects ( /rictly sci5tific import4 ,t he does ?us f9d himself plac$ 9 su* relations at ! pres5t "t1 has n be5 a matt] ( 8 own seek+4 ,no o!r consid]ation ?an ! pr(\nde/ s5se ( duty & responsibility c\ld h influ5c$ him 9 ! c\rse pursu$4 ,p]haps "s apology is yet due = s boldly trespass+ ^u hypo!ses :i* 7 v g5]ally ?\ght to be well e/abli%$1 & c]ta9ly secure f su* treatm5t4 ,! attempt1 9 a measure1 to develop s ext5d$ a field ( rese>*1 9 s few pages1 has l$ to mu* crud5ess 9 ! pres5tation4 ,= ?is a reasonable indulg5ce may be claim$4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,! ,,sun 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ag ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,is ,,propos$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bj ,! great problem4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,intimate ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,=ces 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bd ,sunlight & sun-heat--,! great law ( cons]vation--,h[ ! sph]es are con/ruct$--,! great e>?-core & its functions--,! gr& magnetic circuit4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,sunlight1 ,,its ,,s\rce ,,& ,,nature 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bi ,its limits--,! sol> cone--,! sun n inc&esc5t--,new hypo!sis--,no borr[$ light--,! sun dep5d5t--,light z a sub/ance--,velocity ( ,light4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,sun-,,heat1 ,,its ,,s\rce ,,& ,,limits 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ce ,t5d5cies to unsettle 9 sci5ce--,pres5t !ories--,true s\rce--,e>?'s "p 9 ! process--,sun's "p--,new philosophy--,old ph5om5a & new int]pretations--,auror--,well und]/ood processes 9 confirmation--,! ord9>y batt]y--,! ,great ,sun ,batt]y--,heat )\t combu/ion--,int]-curr5ts--,solution ( ! problem4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,seasons 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dg ,:y _! v>y+ temp]ature8--,a new philosophy4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,gravity 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ej ,its ess5tial nature & its s\rce4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,atmosph]e 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #eb ,a v]itable ocean--,h[ con/itut$--,! vito-magnetic pr9ciple1 its ext5t & "*--,its functions--,! air n yet compreh5d$--,h we be5 mi/ak58--,new light--,electrical induction--,its mode ( action & illu/rations--,! "* & virtue ( ! vito-magnetic elem5t4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,w9ds 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ei ,ent]ta9$ !ories errone\s--,_! true "*--,:at gives rise to ! curr5ts--,purely vito-magnetic ph5om5a--,philosophical consid]ations drawn f obs]vation--,:irlw9ds1 wat]sp\ts1 & tornadoes--,! ,b>badoes--,manufactur$ w9d--,w9d )9 a w9d--,w9ds may n arise f presum$ causes--,a great cosmical sy/em4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,sun-,,spots 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gj ,old !ories--,degrees ( spot-%ad[ ov]e/imat$--,:at spots are n1 & :at !y are--,!y are caus$ by magnetic p]turbations--,inconsi/5cy ( accept$ !ories--,figures t are deceptive--,effects ( ^! wond]ful ph5om5a--,mi/ak5 conceptions--,may n be tabulat$--,unbiass$ e/imate ( _! "* & location4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,s\nds1 ,,& ,,_! ,,transmission 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gg ,ess5tial "* & mode ( progression--,waves h no act or "p 9 _! conveyance4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,results ,,( ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,!ories 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gi ,ext5t & "* ( _! influ5ce--,old *annels oblit]at$1 & new ones develop$--,s5tim5ts *ang$--,nebul> hypo!sis--,! sun cool1 lum9\s1 & habitable--,cele/ial spectroscopy--,undulatory !ories ignor$--,light in/antane\sly transmitt$--,telephone--,no light nor heat wa/$--,ext5t ( ! atmosph]e ( ! sph]es--,! sun's p[] ov]e/imat$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,! ,,=ces ,,z ,,causation ,,( ,,disease 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #hd ,meteorological influ5ce--,high] appreciation ( ! s\rce ( disease1 & increas$ effici5cy 9 its treatm5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,artificial ,,production ,,( ,,light1 ,,heat1 ,,& ,,p[]1 ,,& ,,_! ,,utilization 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #hg ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,:y ,,0 ,,n ,,?is ,,discov]y ,,soon] ,,made8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ij ,its consummation ne>ly p]fect$ by _m o!rs--,its successful accompli%m5t pla9ly =etold by ,f>aday4 ,,app5dix 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ie ,,illu/rations4 ,,page ,i4--,,! ,,sol> ,,cone1 ,,or ,,cone-,,space 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cj ,,ii4--,,! ,,seasons4 ,,summ] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dh ,,iii4-- ,,w9t] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #di ,,iv4--,,manufactur$ ,,w9d4 7,f ,,des*anel',s ,natural ,philosophy7 4 4 #ff ,if we suppose ! sun & fix$ />s to be gigantic f\nta9s ( magnetic influ5ce1 act+ ^u our globe & its atmosph]e1 & likewise ^u all ! o!r planets1 ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se w\ld !n become susceptible ( ! gr&e/ & simple/ int]pretations4--,,crossl&4 ,are n ! sun & fix$ />s great e>?s vehem5tly hot8--,,newton4 ,h]s*el's fix$ idea 0 t ! d>kness ( a spot ^u ! sun 0 an indication ( a cool & habitable globe4--,,humboldt4 ,! sun z ! ma9 s\rce ( light & heat mu/ be able to call =? & animate magnetic =ces on our planet4--,ibid4 ,,! ,,great ,,physical ,,=ces4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory4 ,! ,sun4 ,! sun's position 9 ! great field ( en]gy is daily becom+ m exalt$ 9 ! e/imation ( philosophic m9ds4 ,8 labors are be+ reveal$ to u ) a di/9ctness nev] be=e conceiv$4 ,he x is t /or$ ! coal 9 ! bosom ( ! e>?1 & pil$ up ! pol> ice4 ,he x is t aids ! *emi/1 drives ! eng9e1 rip5s ! h>ve/1 disp5ses life & heal?4 ,! /udy ( ! sun & sol> physics1 !re=e1 mu/ be ess5tial to ! "r und]/&+ ( :atev] we obs]ve to take place at ! e>?4 ,sun & e>? are unit$ 9 indissoluble bonds4 ,9 philosophic m9ds ! conviction ( a mo/ p]fect int]-dep5d5ce is rapidly ga9+ gr\nd4 ,all ?is has be5 kn[n & appreciat$ to a degree1 yet ?is great s\rce ( univ]sal op]ations is %r\d$ 9 my/]y4 ,/ill1 our curiosity has be5 k9dl$1 & m5 are eag]ly look+ = fur!r developm5ts4 ,natural ,sci5ce1 9 all h] bran*es1 is fully awake1 & is on h] wat*-t[] ( obs]vation4 ,ignorance ( ! sun1 ( its "*1 & ( ! me?ods by :i* its functions are p]=m$1 mu/ be confess$2 not)/&+ all ! m rec5t unfold+s & imag9+s ( sci5ti/s1 reg>d+ ! great orb4 ,b yet we are v hopeful ( va/ increase 9 our sol> k2 n alone1 or *iefly1 by new obs]vations1 or discov]ies1 b q z mu* by new int]pretations ( old1 long obs]v$ ph5om5a4 ,! gr\nd ( hopefulness lies 9 ! belief t a gr& unity und]lies1 & b9ds toge!r 9 "o1 all ,physical ,=ces1 z well 9 e>? & sun4 ,:ile reg>d+ ! sun z all1 & m ?an all t has ev] be5 claim$ = x1 /ill we are impress$ mo/ /rongly t ! sun has social relations ) 8 planets1 :i* h nev] be5 duly consid]$ by ! ma/]s 9 sci5ce4 ,! sun acts1 b x mu/ also be t ! e>? & planets react4 ,! sun gives & disp5ses favors1 b sci5ce has too mu* ov]look$ ! great fact t ! sun receives & sympa?izes4 ,let our philosophy b accept ! idea t ! sun r\ses ! e>? into action ?r\gh _! mutual relation%ips2 t ! two int]*ange good (fices & ess5tial s]vices1 r ?an t ! sun is :olly indep5d5t1 & simply gives outright1 z philosophy has hi!rto conceiv$1 & we ?9k t ! dawn ( a bett] day has come4 ,! new philosophy1 9 our op9ion1 w tea* t ! sun gives 9 su* a way t he w n be impov]i%$2 t ?\gh b\ntiful1 he is n wa/eful2 t ?\gh he freely gives1 yet t he also z freely receives 9 return4 ,! new philosophy w be true to correlation1 & x w be true to cons]vation z well4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,is ,,propos$4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages ,i %all endeavor to set =?1 9 a simple & ord]ly mann]1 c]ta9 ( my own !ories ( ! ,great ,physical ,=ces4 ,9 ^! !ories w be compris$ ! id5tity ( ^? =ces1 ! intimate & ess5tial nature ( sunlight1 sun-heat1 gravity1 sun-spots1 w9ds & s\nds1 also ! intimate nature ( ! atmosph]e4 ,9 treat+ ^! subjects my op9ions w n be f\nd 9 accord ) ^? :i* receive univ]sal ass5t at ! pres5t "t1 & ,i may ?us un9t5tionally (f5d4 ,i %all !re=e claim exce$+ indulg5ce4 ,if ,i diff] f high au?ority1 ,i h n a ?\ght ( detraction4 ,none c v5]ate ! ,,ne/ors 9 sci5ce :o h enri*$ its annals1 m ?an ,i1 & ?\gh we rev]se _! judgm5ts1 _! errors are confess$ly our indisp5sable helps & guides4 ,! ,great ,problem4 ,! problem ( ! great physical =ces has engag$ ! pr(\nde/ att5tion ( mank9d f ! e>lie/ hi/oric p]iod d[n to ! pres5t "t1 yet x rema9s practically unsolv$4 ,be=e ! ,*ri/ian era ! op9ion 0 ent]ta9$ t all ( ! ph5om5a ( nature might be r$uc$ to "o pr9ciple ( explanation2 t !re 0 m ?an a connection betwe5 ! impond]able ag5ts--m ?an a relation%ip ev51--t !re 0 an actual id5tity4 ,no sub/antial progress 0 !reaft] made 9 ! direction ( v]ify+ ?is !ory until along into ! pres5t c5tury1 :5 ! developm5t ( electrical sci5ce pres5t$ a tangible basis = successful inve/igation4 ,! correlation ( ne>ly all ( ^? =ces is n[ assur$1 leav+ little to be add$ besides gravity to complete ! unity4 ,yet not)/&+ ! satisfactory progress :i* has be5 made 9 solv+ ! gr& problem ( _! correlation1 little has be5 le>n$ ( _! intimate nature1 & ! me?od ( _! op]ation4 ,?is is due1 9 ! highe/ degree1 to c]ta9 !ories :i* 7 develop$1 & :i* made _! way1 p>i passu1 ) ! advancem5ts ( electrical & electro-magnetic sci5ce4 ,^! !ories1 speci\s1 inconsi/5t1 illogical1 yet )al plausible1 & ev5 fasc9at+1 s]v$ to bl9d ! m5tal vision s t mank9d might n appreciate ! tru?4#a ,! hypo!sis promulgat$ by ,,bruno1 ,,kant & ,,laplace1 ( ! nebul> orig9 ( ! sph]es1 & ! d$uctions consequ5t !reupon1 9 reg>d to ! progressive /ages ?r\gh :i* ! e>? 9 its developm5ts has pass$1 0 p]nici\s 9 its influ5ce 9 div]t+ ! m9ds ( inve/igators f o!r & tru] *annels4 ,to ! bl9d confid5ce ) :i* t hypo!sis has be5 univ]sally accept$ & p]petuat$1 & to ! fallaci\s !ories ?us directly & indirectly eng5d]$1 we owe our false position at ! pres5t day4 ,! pres5t !ories ( ! transmission ( light & s\nd2 ( ! production ( w9ds1 & sun-spots1 & ( ! me?od ( developm5t & dissem9ation ( heat1 are 9 po9t ( fact1 unphilosophical & incompreh5sible4 ,x is q rem>kable t 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 excell+ z x does any p]iod 9 ! _w's hi/ory 9 exact & reliable sci5tific k1 su* unsatisfactory op9ions %\ld obta94 ,! failure is /ill m inexplicable :5 we reflect t ^! subjects are 9 importance ! highe/ :i* c engage our att5tion z sci5ti/s4 ,we h at ! pres5t "t suffici5t reliable data :]eon to f\nd satisfactory hypo!ses4 ,we h b to utilize ! means :i* ! true sci5ti/s ( ! c5tury h s wond]fully develop$1 & ) :i* !y h s prodigally surr\nd$ u1 9 ord] to complete ! consummation ( ! great & cr[n+ a*ievem5t 9 physical sci5ce4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,app5dix1 p4 #ig4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,great ,,=ces1 ,,_! ,,"* ,,& ,,op]ations4 ,i n[ ask1 ,:at is ! intimate & inh]5t nature ( ^? =ces8 ,d !y1 or ei!r ( !m1 belong to ! doma9 ( ! sup]natural8 ,are !y ! products ( "s supreme =ce1 or =ces1 h]et(ore unappreciat$8 ,! reply is cle> & unque/ionable4 ,! sup]natural mu/ necess>ily be a "p ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 & consequ5tly intangible4 ,n s ! subjects ( our inquiry4 ,!y are natural products1 !re=e1 & ! result ( ! op]ation ( "s p[] comm5surate ) ! /up5d\sness ( _! manife/ations4 ,sunlight & ,sun-heat4 ,9 ! =ces1 light1 & heat1 :at imm5sity ( p[] is repres5t$6 ,/rangely en\gh we h ev] imag9$ ^! =ces to be ! unaid$ "w ( ! sun1 z ?\gh t lum9>y c\ld be capable ( s5d+ =? 9 undim9i%$ exub]ance1 su* m>vels ( =ce1 dur+ all ! ages1 & rema9 itself unexhau/$6 ,! ,great ,law ( ,cons]vation ( ,=ce4 ,b h[ speaks ! law ( cons]vation1 t law mo/ endur+1 & mo/ inexorable8 ,accord+ to ! decrees ( t law1 :atev] is receiv$ by ! e>? f ! sun1 an equival5t = ! same mu/ aga9 be return$ f ! e>? to ! sun1 to ! utt]mo/ fraction4#b ,su* be+ ! conditions1 h[ may ?is retro-act+ process t all analogy & ! pr(\nde/ sci5tific axiom prove to be 9 con/ant op]ation--h[1 ,i ask1 may ?is retro-act+ process be expla9$8 ,:at equival5t may ! e>? give back z comp5sation = su* enorm\s b5efits1 = su* /up5d\s p[]s8 ,! laws ( cons]vation may n be violat$3 ! e>? w respond4 ,h[ are ! ,sph]es con/ruct$8 ,! con/itution ( ^! two retro-act+ sph]es1 & consequ5tly ( all ! o!rs ( ! heav5ly ho/1#c at ?is po9t dem&s our att5tion4 ,h[ are ! sph]es made up8 ,h[ speaks ! e>?8 ,! e>? ) :i* we are famili>--our sample--is =m$ ( a slight cru/1 a core1 to a great] or less ext5t & degree inc&esc5t1 & measur+ #bej1jjj millions ( cubic miles 9 dim5sions1 also an envelope :i* we call ! atmosph]e4 ,n[1 f ! pres5ce ( ! va/ mass ( inc&esc5t mat]ial )9 ! enclosure ( ea* sph]e-cru/1 x may reasonably be inf]r$1 nay ! v nature ( human reason compels ! decision1 t !y are plac$ !re = "s specific purpose1 & t _! op]ations are comm5surate ) _! imm5sity4 ,we may n neglect to make acc\nt ( s va/ an elem5t1 & s vital & prepond]at+1 9 all globes4,a ,we are ?us compell$ to answ] ! "q1 ,:at "p 9 ! economy ( nature is ?is great c5tral core p>ticul>ly fitt$ to p]=m8 ,:at its function among ! great =ces8 ,! great problem ( ! age1 :i* sci5ti/s are int5tly engag$ 9 solv+1 is ! correlation ( ! lead+ =ces already adv]t$ to4 ,?us f> light1 heat1 electricity1 magnetism1 *emical action1 vital action1 cohesion1 etc41 h be5 prov$ to be p>ts ( "o great :ole4 ,n[1 s9ce ! especial *>act]i/ic ( ! great e>?-core is heat1 x comes directly into relation%ip ) ! =ces m5tion$4 ,h[ !n are its =ces exp5d$8 ,?r\gh :at *annels d !y manife/ _! pres5ce8 ,! philosophical m9d w\ld mo/ naturally associate ) x ! idea ( /up5d\s magnetic p[]4 ,we may well suppose su* a p[] ext5d+ its influ5ce ?r\gh & beyond ! e>?-cru/1 rea*+ out t[>ds ! moon1 & retro-act+ ) t body 9 pres]v+ _! mutual relations4 ,does n ?is mighty influ5ce rea* out t[>d ! sun also1 & act conjo9tly ) t great c5tral orb 9 produc+ results1 :i* to u1 h ev] be5 great my/]ies4#d ,! ,gr& ,magnetic ,circuit4 ,9 ! retro-act+ influ5ce 9 op]ation betwe5 ^! great bodies1 may be f\nd ,a ,gr& ,magnetic ,circuit4 ,9 ?is gr& magnetic circuit is f\nd ! key to ! :ole subject ( ! correlation & id5tity ( all ! =ces4 ,& n[1 z prep>atory to us+ ?is key t we may ent] 9 & consid] ! intimate nature ( ! physical =ces1 we w\ld be impress$ ) ! cle> & full idea ( ?is mighty curr5t1 :i* be>s ^u its tide1 z "o1 all mann] ( =ces ) :i* we h to d4 ,x rema9s = u to tell :at ?is great curr5t is1 & :at x does4 ,to ! *ild1 to ! savage1 & to ! civiliz$ man alike1 x comes fir/ & pre-em95tly z light4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,app5dix1 p4 #ih4 #c ,app5dix1 p4 #ii4 #d ,app5dix1 p4 #ii4 ,a ,! e>?'s core con/itutes ne>ly #ih_/ajj ( its entire mass4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,sunlight4 ,its ,s\rce & ,nature4 ,sunlight is "o ( ! products ( t gr& retro-action :i* is incessantly 9 op]ation betwe5 sun & e>?1 & is1 9 its intimate & ess5tial nature1 a vito-magnetic fluid,b 7or s-call$ magnetic74 ,subtle1 & app>5tly intangible1 manife/+ itself r z a pres5ce ?an a real sub/ance1 x fills all ! space betwe5 ! sun & e>?--:i* space may1 ) suffici5t accuracy1 be t]m$ ! sol> cone or cone-space4 ,its ,limits4 ,beyond ! b\nd>ies ( ! sol> cone1 no light is4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,i4 ,,sol> ,,cone4 ,! ,sun n ,inc&esc5t4 ,! app>5t brightness ( ! sun is ow+ to ! aggregation ( ! #ic1jjj1jjj ( miles ( ?is fluid :i* is pres5t betwe5 ! sun & e>?1 or to our pres5ce 9 ! great curr5t ( activity ( ! vito-magnetic =ce4 ,x is !re=e n due to a condition ( inc&esc5ce at or ne> t body4 ,x is cool & habitable1 & emits no light4 ,! brightness ( ! int]v5+ fluid int]cepts ! view1 & ?us no "o may behold its body4 ,d>k spots ^u its face disclose its true "*4#e ,if1 !re=e1 ! sun be truly d>k1 ! brightness ( its satellites _c be caus$ by light project$ f its surface or surr\nd+s4 ,h[1 !n1 may we acc\nt = ! light ( ! moon & planets1 :i* d n possess a light sui g5]is8 ,a new hypo!sis is requisite4 ,to frame ?is hypo!sis is n difficult4 ,! ,new ,hypo!sis4 ,analogy tea*es u t ! e>? is se5 f ! moon & planets1 ev5 z !y are se5 f ! e>?4 ,yet !re is no?+ ^u ! face ( ! :ole e>? :i* is capable ( reflect+ ! slighte/ am\nt ( ! sun's rays to ^? sph]es4 ,! fields1 =e/s1 rocks1 & seas1 only absorb light1 !y d n reflect x4 ,9 ?is ph5om5on1 !re=e1 !re is no elem5t ( specul> reflection4 ,x consi/s r ( ! light+ up ( ! /atic vito-magnetic fluid ( our atmosph]e1 by ! great sol> curr5t4 ,! atmosph]e1 ?us vivifi$1 discloses our pres5ce to ^? orbs1 & 9 l mann]1 _! pres5ce to ! inhabitants ( ! e>?4 ,no ,borr[$ ,light4 ,! light ( ! planets is !re=e 9 no s5se a borr[$ light1 s9ce ! action :i* g5]ates & transmits x1 is purely co-op]ative4 ,o!rwise !re c\ld be no light at ! e>?1 or planets4 ,! ,sun ,dep5d5t = ,8 own ,supply4 ,&1 inde$1 ! sun possesses )9 himself alone no elem5t ( supply ( 8 own ne$$ light & heat2 & 9 8 imm5sity & p[] is ev5 dep5d5t ^u ! circl+ orbs1 = ! quantity ( ea* :i* is indisp5sable to a condition ( habitation4 ,! bodies ( ! planets are 9 l mann] invisible2 we behold b ! illum9$ atmosph]e ( ea* sph]e4 ,?us ! moon & planets1 to be visible1 mu/ possess atmosph]es4 ,light z a ,sub/ance4 ,t ! ?und]bolt is a sub/ance may n be que/ion$4 ,t ! aurora borealis1 or pol>is1 ano!r =m ( vito-magnetic fluid1 is a sub/ance is n que/ion$4 ,! s-call$ heat-lightn+1 ?\gh app>5tly intangible1 mu/ !re=e be reg>d$ z a sub/ance4 ,yet fur!r 9 ! remove we f9d ! zodiacal light4 ,sunlight is b ! same1 9 =m ( extreme t5uity4 ,! ?und]bolt passes f e>? to cl\d1 & in/antane\sly *anges its sub/antial =m to "o z t5u\s z light2 yet1 9 ! trans=mation1 ?is fluid has n lo/ its id5tity4 ,?\gh unse51 x cont9ues to exi/ z matt]4 ,velocity ( ,light4 ,:ile ev] pres5t1 light is be+ incessantly repl5i%$2 its action be+ in/antane\s4 ,! calculations ( ,,ro,,m]1 f\nd$ ^u obs]vations made ?r\gh spaces ( #chb & #efh millions ( miles ( di/ance1 %\ld n be too confid5tly accept$1 especially z ! results ( su* conclusions are s vitally important4 ,:5 we consid] t ) our be/ telescopes direct$ t[>ds ! moon1 less ?an a qu>t] ( a million ( miles di/ant1 no?+ really satisfactory may be disc]n$1 :at value1 !re=e1 may be atta*$ to /atem5ts f\nd$ ^u su* ?or\ghly unreliable data8 ,,bradley',s e/imate ( ! velocity ( light1 f\nd$ ^u 8 /udy ( ! ab]ration ( light1 is ev5 less wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,any ef=t to measure su* an inconceivable velocity z t claim$ = light1 by any means or appliances :i* may be devis$ by human +5uity1 mu/ be reg>d$ z futile4 ,,desc>tes says3 ,light rea*es u in/antane\sly f ! sun1 & w\ld d s1 ev5 if ! int]v5+ di/ance 7 great] ?an t betwe5 ! e>? & heav54 ,,footnotes3 #e ,app5dix1 p4 #ii4 ,b ,?is t]m is employ$ z be+ mo/ exact & compreh5sive1 z ?is fluid is n[ kn[n to be ! s\rce ( all life & all attractions4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,sun-,,heat4 ,its ,s\rce & ,limits4 ,sun-heat is ano!r product ( ! same retro-action betwe5 ! sun & e>?2 consequ5tly x has ! same range & ! same b\nd>ies z :5 x is view$ z light4 ,t5d5cies to unsettle 9 ,sci5ce4 ,! sci5ti/s ( to-day may well look aft] ! s\ndness ( _! favorite !ories ( ! great physical =ces2 = ! unc]ta9 t5ure ( old !ories1 by reason ( rec5t discov]ies1 is becom+ b too manife/4 ,new ph5om5a are n[ obs]v$ :i* require solutions n met by pres5t hypo!ses4 ,! nebul> hypo!sis :i* has s long possess$ ! sci5tific m9d has1 by ! discov]y ( ! moons ( ,m>s1 become a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,accord+ to ,m4 ,,mai*e1 wat] is f\nd to be no long] ! old-fa%ion$ conv5tional oxyg5 & hydrog51 b ess5tially a new elem5t mu/ be consid]$ 9 e/imat+ its composition4#f ,light is asc]ta9$ to be z v]itable a sub/ance z wat]4 ,! sun is recogniz$ to be d>k1 cool1 & habitable4 ,messages g ?r\gh ! air f kite to kite t5 miles ap>t )\t visible ag5cy4 ,telephonic s\nds leap f wire to wire ?r\gh q t5 feet ( space4 ,pres5t !ories ( ,supply ( ,sun-heat4 ,! pres5t !ories ( ! production & dissem9ation ( sun-heat1 are simply accept$ = want ( bett]1 & n because !y acc\nt satisfactorily = ! ph5om5a4 ,! fir/ & mo/ prom95t is ! combu/ion !ory1 :i*1 ?\gh be>+ ! seal ( ages1 is obnoxi\s bo? to common & philosophic reason+4 ,?is !ory presupposes a consumption ( mat]ial beyond all conception1 & ! supply ( :i* has be5 no small tax ^u ! sci5tific imag9ation4 ,! s\rce ( ?is supply has be5 claim$ to be ! subsid5ce ( useless worlds1 & ( a/]oids1 & meteors1 %[]$ d[n ^u its surface4 ,e/imates h be5 c>efully made1 & we are gravely in=m$ ( ! probable am\nt ( combu/ive mat]ial requir$ to supply ! sun's dem&s = giv5 p]iods4 ,x is said t ! coal-fields ( ,p5nsylvania1 :i* w\ld supply ! _w's consumption = c5turies1 w\ld keep ! sun's rate ( emission = consid]ably less ?an #a_/a1jjj "p ( a second4 ,,p\illet e/imat$ ! quantity ( heat emitt$ by ! sun p] h\r to be equal to ! supply ( a lay] ( an?racite coal t5 feet ?ick1 spread ov] ! :ole surface ( ! sun4 ,! !ory advocat$ by ,,helmholtz1 & by _m o!r sci5ti/s1 ( ! gradual contraction ( ! sol> orb1 & t ( ,,sec*i1 ! dissociation ( comp\nd bodies 9 ! sun's sub/ance1 are attempts aft] a m consi/5t philosophy4 ,! =ego+ !ories pre-suppose ! sun to be a gl[+ fi]y mass1 f :i*1 9 all directions1 issue radiations ( heat & light into space4 ,( ?is enorm\s quantity ( radiat$ heat1 ! e>? is suppos$ to receive b #a_/b1jjj1jjj1jjj "p4 ,,mey] obs]ves3 ,a g5]al law ( nature :i* kn[s no exception is ! foll[+3 ,9 ord] to obta9 heat1 some?+ mu/ be exp5d$4 ,?is combu/ion !ory !re=e calls = an enorm\s exp5diture ( mat]ial = g5]at+ heat & light1 toge!r ) a /ill fur!r exp5diture ( =ce = project+ ^! into all space1 at all di/ances4 ,all ^! !ories are !re=e inconsi/5t ) ! immutable law ( ! ,cons]vation ( ,=ce4 ,! true ,s\rce ( ,supply4 ,9 seek+ ! s\rce ( supply ( heat & light1 we are compell$ to look = a philosophy m consi/5t ?an any hi!rto advanc$4 ,controll$ too mu* by ! lit]al evid5ce ( ! s5ses & ! sup]ficial appe>ance ( ?+s1 we h ev] reg>d$ ! sun z ,,all ,,alone 9 develop+ & ex]cis+ ^! great =ces4 ,! law ( cons]vation compels u to look to ! e>?1 a h]et(ore neglect$ factor 9 ?is problem4 ,?is factor be+ introduc$ we %all f9d ! problem to be wond]fully simplifi$4 ,all space may rationally be reg>d$ z complete vacuum1 ?us pres5t+ no resi/ance nor ob/acles to ! free progress ( ! retro-act+ elem5ts4 ,di/ance is !n virtually annihilat$1 & ,m]cury1 #cg1jjj1jjj ( miles f ! sun1 & ,neptune1 #b1hjj1jjj1jjj ( miles1 /& alike 9 _! relations ) ! great c5tral orb4 ,! ,e>?'s "p 9 ! ,process4 ,! e>? may no long] be reg>d$ z hav+ a m]ely passive "p to play4 ,! =ces 9 op]ation z betwe5 ! e>? & sun1 are purely co-op]ative1 & ! "o precisely c\nt]balances ! o!r4 ,! e>?1 !re=e1 mu/ h a vis viva )9 itself1 capable ( reciprocat+ 9 ! organic functions ( ! great vito-magnetic circuit4 ,we c]ta9ly "k t x possesses a m>vell\s weal? ( res\rces4 ,! foll[+ are ! mo/ important ( its s\rces ( vis viva4 #a/4 ,! great res]voir ( vito-magnetic fluid1 ! va/ inc&esc5t e>?-core4 ,! pres5ce & activity !re9 ( mighty =ce1--( heat1 & motion1 9 ! highe/ degree1 are abundantly %[n by v>i\s t]re/rial ph5om5a4 ,^! ph5om5a1 :ile p]fectly famili> to obs]v]s1 seem nev] to h receiv$ any fitt+ int]pretation4 #b;d4 ,motions & frictions ( e k9d2,c ! motions ( ! wat]s ( ! e>?1 ! great oceans1 ) _! roll+ tides sweep+ ! :ole circumf]5ce ( ! e>? twice 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 at a spe$ ( "o ?\s& miles p] h\r2 ) its frictions ^u itself1 ! bottom1 & ! %ores2 its great /orms la%+ x into fury1 & its g5tl] motions f less] w9ds2 also ! motions ( all seas1 riv]s1 & ra9-falls4 #c;d4 ,s all motions ( ! air1 9 =m ( hurricanes1 less] w9ds1 or zephyrs2 te>+ _! way ?r\gh =e/s1 & hills1 & ?r\gh space2 or caus+ g5tle/ flutt] ( leaflet4 ,we h witness$ _! go+s =?1 b h neglect$ to calculate _! mission4 #d?4 ,all *emical actions4 #e?4 ,all combu/ions4 #f?4 ,all evaporations4 ,! e>? is ?us elaborat+ 9 all h] gigantic processes1 ! mat]ials & =ces1 :i* %e furni%es 9 ! great int]*ange4 ,h[ /rangely h ^! great s\rces ( vis viva rema9$ practically unhe$$ until ! pres5t "t4 ,! ,sun's "p 9 ! ,process4 ,! "p p]=m$ by ! sun may b feebly be conceiv$4#g ,)9 its va/ proportions 7be+ #a1jjj times z l>ge z all ! planets comb9$7 may be f\nd e elem5t suit$ to all requirem5ts4 ,we seek a new ,philosophy4 ,! con/ruction ( a true philosophy ( ! physical =ces mu/ dep5d n[ ^u our rightly und]/&+ ! modus op]&i ( ! conveyance1 & utilization1 ( ^! sun-elem5ts1 & ! work+s ( ?is sun-p[]4 ,! pres5ce ( a v]itable flood ( light1 heat1 & magnetic =ce1 z 9 motion f ! sun to ! e>?1 has ev] be5 recogniz$4 ,! l9e ( greate/ int5sity ( ?is sol>1 or vito-magnetic curr5t1 is f\nd along ! l9e ( greate/ diamet]s ( ^? bodies4 ,! c5tre ( ?is curr5t rea*es ! e>? at1 or ne> ! equator4 ,x is a well-e/abli%$ fact t f ! equator to ! poles a cont9u\s magnetic flood is ev] 9 motion4#h ,9 ?us trac+ ! c\rse ( ! magnetic curr5t f ! sun to ! equator1 & !nce to ! poles1 a physical necessity1 made imp]ative by ! inexorable law ( cons]vation1 indicates t a retro-curr5t f ! e>? back to ! sun1 mu/ n[ h "p 9 ! process4 ,%\ld su* be ! case1 z all reason & philosophy affirm1 we h a complet$ ,gr& ,magnetic ,circuit1 9 & ?r\gh :i* all physical ph5om5a h _! orig94 ,b aside f ! logical necessity1 we hold t !re are t]re/rial ph5om5a1 :i*1 rightly int]pret$1 po9t to j su* a retro-act+ int]-communication4 ,old ,ph5om5a1 & new ,int]pretations4 ,! ph5om5on1 ! aurora borealis1 or pol>is1 has nev] be5 satisfactorily expla9$4 ,x is ackn[l$g$ z purely magnetic 9 "*1 & to be due to ! passage ( curr5ts upw>d f ! e>?4 ,x has receiv$ ! reg>d due to a m]e negative ?\gh brilliant exhibition1 :]eas ! "*1 ext5t1 & significance ( its manife/ations %\ld h caus$ x to be greet$1 & /udi$1 z ! index ( ! op]ation ( v positive cosmical functions4 ,,humboldt reg>d$ ?is process z ! re/oration ( a di/urb$ equilibrium2 & s inde$ x is1 b x is an equilibrium1 n simply z betwe5 ! e>?1 & atmosph]e4 ,v>i\s obs]v]s h e/imat$ ! altitude to :i* ! aurora sometimes rea*es1 at f #hj to #bfe miles4 ,! fact t ! bulk ( ! atmosph]e rea*es b ?ree miles above ! e>?'s surface1 =bids x to be reg>d$ z purely a t]re/ro-atmosph]ic ph5om5on4 ,:ile view+ ! m /rik+ & brilliant exhibitions ( ! aurora1 ! m undemon/rative & by f> ! mo/ important & vital op]ations h be5 disreg>d$4 ,! =m] may n be obs]v$1 except occasionally1 & fitfully1 c only be pres5t :5 favor+ meteorological conditions admit ( its disclosure4 ,! latt]1 m unobtrusive & ev5 invisible to ! nak$ eye1 are incessantly1 & at all seasons1 9 action1 by day z well z by night4#i ,may n ?is auroral display !n be reg>d$ 9 a measure z confirmatory ( :at ! law ( cons]vation _h already sugge/$ to u2 ! exi/5ce ( a retro-curr5t8 ,well und]/ood ,processes 9 ,confirmation4 ,! sugge/ion ( a simple1 adequate1 & p]fect !ory is giv5 u by an ord9>y electro-magnetic batt]y4 ,let ! conduct+ wire f su* a batt]y ext5d half ar\nd ! circumf]5ce ( ?is globe4 ,x is app>5tly z quiet & dormant z is our e>?2 yet 9 ^? cold plates1 solutions1 & wire1 !re lie ! hidd5 elem5ts ( heat1 light1 & p[]4 ,at ! di/ant extremity ( ! wire1 :5 n connect$ ) ! e>?1 we may h none ( ! manife/ations ( heat1 light1 or attraction--ev5 ?\gh ! plates are put into ! solution4 ,b let u n[ make ! connection betwe5 ! extremity ( ! wire & ! e>?1 !n ! circuit is complete1 & heat1 light1 & attraction are disclos$ 9 highe/ degree4 ,n[ f ! ,great ,sun ,batt]y1#aj 9 :i* we locate ! "o ,great ,univ]sal ,=ce3 ,newton's ,high] & ,/ill ,unkn[n ,=ce1 e "o recognizes a curr5t con/antly pres5t1 sett+ t[>ds ! e>?4 ,t curr5t is recogniz$ z br++ u our light & heat4 ,b )\t a retro-curr5t1 %\ld we h a circuit complete8 ,%\ld we h any ( ^! ph5om5a8 ,heat )\t ,combu/ion4 ,nei!r 9 ! batt]y nor ne> ! batt]y d ! ph5om5a manife/ !mselves4 ,?\gh ! develop] ( light1 heat1 & p[]1 ! batt]y itself is nei!r lum9\s1 hot1 nor magnetic4 ,to expla9 ! effects ( ! sun1 !re=e1 !re is n ! lea/ reason to inf] t x is itself lum9\s1 or ev5 w>m4 ,pot5tial action g5]at$ 9 a d>k1 cold body1 may produce great heat & light1 at a di/ance f ! seat ( activity2 & :at is ?us wr\ght artificially 9 a small way may surely be done naturally 9 a trem5d\s fa%ion by ! gr& =ces ( ! sun4 ,int]-curr5ts4 ,x is n[ well kn[n t a numb] ( curr5ts may pass 9 ea* direction1 at ! same "t1 ov] "o & ! same telegraph wire2 & 9 l mann]1 great sol> curr5ts may pass to & fro )\t int]f]5ce4 ,solution ( ! ,problem4 ,sun-heat1 !re=e1 l sunlight & gravity1 is a v]itable production1 yet x is n due to ! process ( combu/ion4 ,x is n dep5d5t = its creation ^u ! de/ruction ( fabul\s quantities ( sub/antial mat]ials4 ,! r does x orig9ate 91 & is x dissem9at$ ?r\gh ! va/ en]gies ( sph]es retro-act+ ^u sph]es ?r\gh\t ! :ole univ]se ( matt]4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,app5dix1 p4 #ii4 #g ,app5dix1 p4 #ajj4 #h ,app5dix1 p4 #ajj4 #i ,app5dix1 p4 #aja4 #aj ,app5dix1 p4 #ajb4 ,c ,9 ! motions ( ! sph]es ?r\gh space1 unlike all o!r =ms ( motion1 !re is no elem5t ( resi/ance4 ,?is =m ( motion is !re=e incapable ( develop+ vis viva4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,seasons4 ,:y _! v>y+ ,temp]ature8 ,! usual explanation ( ^! ph5om5a1 i4 e41 ! influ5ce ( direct & oblique sun-rays1 has ev] seem$ insuffici5t & unsatisfactory2 especially 9 view ( ! fact t ! heat comes n f ! sun by cont9uity aft] ! mann] ( progression z f a heat$ body4 ,a philosophy m exact & consi/5t may be f\nd 9 ! developm5t ( ! !ory already advanc$1 & :i* is illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ plates4 ,! maximum ( heat at ! surface ( ! e>? be>s a v con/ant & intimate relation to ! l9e ( greate/ diamet]s ( ! sun & e>?4--,pl4 ,,ii4 a4 ,?r\gh ?is l9e ! heat-produc+ functions ( ^! great sph]es are 9 op]ation 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,ii4 ,,seasons4--,,summ]4 ,?is l9e ( magnetic1 or heat activity1 consequ5tly v>ies ) ! e>?'s movem5ts4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,june ! flood ( summ] heat ov]spreads ! nor!rn portions ( ! e>?2 ! sun !nce app>5tly turns s\?w>d1 & ) its dep>ture ! relations ( ! l9e ( heat activity *ange4 ,! city ( ,new ,york1 :i* on ! #bj? ( ,june is f\nd ne>e/ ! c5tre ( ! sol> curr5t 7,plate ,,ii4 b71 is1 on ! #ba/ ( ,decemb]1 locat$ at its greate/ di/ance f ! l9e ( magnetic or heat int5sity 7,plate ,,iii4 b71 :]e ! heat-produc+ =ces are 9 op]ation 9 b l[ degree4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,iii4 ,,seasons4--,,w9t]4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,gravity4 ,its ,ess5tial ,nature1 & its ,s\rce4 ,gravity is n a sep>able entity1 n a p[] p] se4 ,x is b a production1 & an op]ation1 ( ! same retro-action betwe5 sun-core1 & e>?-core4 ,?is retro-action gives rise to a /up5d\s magnetic circuit1 z describ$1 9 :i* bo? sun & e>? become ! embodim5ts ( magnetic =ce1 or1 9 o!r words1 great magnets4#aa ,! p[] ?us develop$ is ex]cis$ 9 pres]v+ ! relative positions ( ! two bodies1 &1 on ! "p ( ! e>?1 z we "k1 9 draw+ unto itself all objects )9 its influ5ce4 ,! same curr5t1 !re=e1 :i* lights up our e>?1 & :i* gives to x its requisite supply ( heat1 at ! same "t indues x ) ! p[] ( attraction4 ,?us is eng5d]$ t p[] kn[n z gravity1 :i* has ev] be5 ackn[l$g$ a pr(\nd my/]y beyond ! compreh5sion ( man4 ,,footnotes3 #aa ,app5dix1 p4 #ajb4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,atmosph]e4 ,a ,v]itable ,ocean4 ,! great arial ocean :i* we call ! atmosph]e 7at ! bottom ( :i* we live1 & move1 & h our be+71 is ev5 m vitally important ?an has ev] be5 dream$ ( 9 human philosophy4 ,h[ ,con/itut$4 ,its tangible con/itu5ts1 su* z cl\ds1 vapors1 gases1 are well und]/ood2 z well z ! modify+ influ5ce ( ^? atmosph]ic elem5ts ^u :at we call sunlight1 & sun-heat4 ,b ! intangible & vital pr9ciple1 or basis ( ! atmosph]e1 has 9 a measure escap$ recognition4 ,?is pr9ciple is vito-magnetic 9 its "*1 & may be designat$ z /atic1#ab f its habit :5 9 equilibrium1 & also 9 contradi/9ction f t va/ flood ( active fluid :i* fills ! sol> cone-space4 ,ext5t & ,"* ( ?is ,influ5ce4 ,! :ole globe & its surr\nd+ atmosph]e are va/ res]voirs ( ?is /atic fluid4 ,^!1 int]act+ freely ?r\gh cont9uity1 virtually become "o 9 _! op]ations4 ,z a con/itu5t ( ! atmosph]e ?is fluid is ne>ly uni=m 9 its proportions4 ,its v>y+ conditions1 z positive1 negative1 & neutral1 =m a m>k$ peculi>ity4 ,*anges f "o to ano!r ( ^! conditions1 ov] l>g] or small] areas1 are affect$ ) m>vell\s rapidity1 & ) v>y+ & sometimes ) /rik+ results4 ,9 ! extremes ( atmosph]ic temp]ature1 ?is fluid is f\nd to exi/ 9 ! extremes ( its positive & negative conditions4 ,! contra/ is by "s suppos$ to exi/ 9 ! seasons ( w9t] & summ]1 9 proportions z #ac to #a1 7h]et(ore reg>d$ z quantitive74 ,note ! ,functions ( ?is ,ocean4 ,?is fluid is inde$ ! vital pr9ciple1 ^u :i* all life1 animate & inanimate1 dep5ds4 ,! necessity = frequ5t respirations is occasion$ by ! imp]ative dem&s ( ! sy/em = ?is ag5t4 ,z be=e intimat$1 ! mild & /eady light :i* illum9es ! e>? 9 its day-season is ow+ to ! action ( ! active fluid ( ! cone-space ^u ! /atic fluid ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! untemp]$ =ce ( ! =m] might n be endur$4 ,! pale & /eady light ( ! moon & planets is due to a l reaction ?r\gh ! same ag5cies4 ,! relations :i* ! pres5t kn[n con/itu5ts ( ! atmosph]e su/a9 to ?is fluid may n at ! pres5t "t be e/imat$4 ,n yet fully ,compreh5d$4 ,air1 said ,,sir ,,lyon ,,playfair1 is ! mo/ famili> ( sub/ances2 ! fir/ ) :i* an infant becomes acqua9t$ on entrance into ! _w1 & 9 dea?1 ! la/ to be giv5 up2 yet1 /range to say1 its nature & con/itution h only become p>tially und]/ood )9 ! pa/ c5tury1 & ev5 n[ sci5tific k c only be reg>d$ z on ! ?re%old ( ! subject4 ,! novelty & ! assurance ( ! conclud+ l9es ( ! above quotation w\ld1 at a comp>atively rec5t date1 h excit$ 9 ! read] a great a/oni%m5t4 ,we _h suppos$ t ! con/itu5ts1 & ! functions ( our atmosph]e 7 v well und]/ood1 t little1 if any?+1 c\ld be le>n$ by fur!r inve/igation4 ,yet ! revelations :i* are n[ be+ made %[ ! ass]tion ( ,,sir ,,lyon ,,playfair to be almo/ prophetic4 ,! vito-magnetic1 ! mo/ important +r$i5t1 has sc>cely be5 ref]r$ to 9 any =mula ( its con/itution4 ,?is con/itu5t z previ\sly /at$1 =ms ! bulk ( ! atmosph]e1 & ^u x dep5ds ! pr9cipal p]=mance ( its v>i$ functions4 ,m vital ?an oxyg51 )\t x life c\ld n be su/a9$ = an h\r4 ,h we be5 ,mi/ak58 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,,pa/eur h demon/rat$ t oxyg5 & light are n ess5tials ( life1 z he develop$ life 9 ! d>k1 9 an atmosph]e ( c>bonic acid4 ,new ,light4 ,m rec5t discov]ies v]ify ! pres5ce ( ?is comp>atively unappreciat$ con/itu5t4 ,! process ( induction has ev] be5 a great my/]y 9 electrical sci5ce4 ,magnetic curr5ts are kn[n to act ^u bodies 9 close proximity )\t ! int]v5tion ( a sp>k1 & to indue su* bodies ) magnetic =ce4 ,?is action1 call$ induction1 has be5 suppos$ to be limit$ to %ort di/ances4 ,?is we believe to be errone\s4 ,9 ord] t ! inductive process take place1 x is only necess>y to suppose "s impulse to be sup]9duc$ ^u "s p]vad+ m$ium4 ,?is m$ium we recognize 9 ! /atic vito-magnetic con/itu5t ( ! atmosph]e4 ,magnetic or electrical induction is !re=e nature's ef=t t[>ds an equilibrium4 ,newly-discov]$ ph5om5a %[ t ?is process is c>ri$ on ev5 at consid]able di/ances4 ,to ,pr(4 ,,loomis ( ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 we are indebt$ = exp]im5ts :i* illu/rate ?is fact4 ,^! exp]im5ts %[ t magnetic communications may be made ?r\gh t5 miles ( space )\t ! int]v5tion ( visible means ( conduction4 ,! employm5t ( wires is r5d]$ unnecess>y by reason ( ! pres5ce ( ! vito-magnetic fluid :i* op]ates 9 re/or+ ! di/urb$ equilibrium4 ,magnetic curr5ts are !re=e n ess5tial to ?is ph5om5on4 ,a wond]ful exhibition ( ?is p[] 0 rec5tly obs]v$ at ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,9 a telephonic exhibition 9 ?is city1 ! musicians 7 locat$ 9 ,buffalo1 sixty-eight miles di/ant4 ,:ile ,,pr(4 ,,johnson 0 engag$ 9 prep>atory practice dur+ ! aft]noon1 ! notes f ,buffalo 7 di/9ctly he>d at ! same "t1 9 a city bus9ess (fice1 at "s di/ance f ! hall ( exhibition4 ,yet ! wire us$ by ! ,pr(essor1 & t employ$ 9 ! private telephone1 7 at no po9t less ?an t5 feet ap>t4 ,! same ph5om5on 0 obs]v$ dur+ ! progress ( ! exhibition 9 ano!r locality1 ! two l9es /ill be+ no ne>] ?an t5 feet to ea* o!r4 ,! ,"* & ,virtue ( ?is ,elem5t may n be ,mi/ak54 ,x is ?is vito-magnetic elem5t1 & n "s o!r +r$i5t1 t r5d]s ! atmosph]e s sympa!tic1 & responsive1 to ! gov]n+ ,=ce resid5t 9 ! sun1 & 9 ! e>?-core4 ,! atmosph]e ?us n only furni%es ! field ( op]ation = ! manifold ,=ce1 co-op]at+ betwe5 ! sun & e>?1 b is itself ! m$ium & in/rum5t ( ! op]ations4 ,! vito-magnetic p[] "u its ,protean =ms1 /yl$ ,vital ,=ces1 & ,! ,physical ,=ces1 works 9 ! atmosph]e & is ! s\rce ( ne>ly all its ph5om5a4 ,x causes & directs movem5ts 9 e prov9ce ( nature4 ,no?+ else has s intimate relations ) animal & vegetable life & gr[?4 ,x may be consid]$ z con/itut+ ! inh]5t virtue ( ! atmosph]e4 ,among ! v>y+ manife/ations 9 :i* ?is ag5t is disclos$ to u1 )9 & beyond ! atmosph]e1 may be enum]at$ ! foll[+1 viz43 #a1 ,l9e> lightn+2 #b1 ,ball lightn+2 #c1 ,! fla% ) rev]b]ations2 #d1 ,heat lightn+2 #e1 ,aurora2 #f1 ,frictional or me*anical2 #g1 ,magnetic2 #h1 ,vital2 #i1 ,/4 ,elmo's ,fires2 #aj1 ,! exagg]at$ wave :i* be>s de/ruction 9 its pa?way2 #aa1 ,t disclos$ by ra91 hail1 sn[1 & fog2 #ab1 ,sunlight1 & sun-heat2 #ac1 ,/atic1 or atmosph]ic2 #ad1 ,zodiacal light2 #ae1 ,corona1 etc41 etc4 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,app5dix1 p4 #ajd4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,w9ds4 ,ent]ta9$ !ories ,errone\s4 ,! m]e me*anical !ory :i* reg>ds ! atmosph]e z a loose mixture ( gase\s mat]ials1 & ! w9ds z m]e me*anical di/urbances )9 x1 misses its real intimate nature & is insuffici5t4 ,b once conceive ! atmosph]e z arrang$ l a p]fectly adju/$ in/rum5t = ! meet+-place & co-op]ation ( sun-=ce1 & e>?-=ce1 :]e are elaborat$ all ! b5efits design$ = our mundane creation1 & we beg9 to look = bett] explanations4 ,_! true ,"*4 ,:at we call ! w9d is m$iately ! air mov+ b causatively1 & imm$iately1 & m pr(\ndly1 x is ! action ( ! vito-magnetic fluid4 ,x is !re=e a purely magnetic ph5om5on4 ,9 ! int]play ( t subtle1 all-p]vasive fluid1 is f\nd ! key to ! !ory ( ! w9ds4 ,hurricanes1 cyclones1 tornadoes1 zephyrs1 etc41 are manife/ations ( its op]ations4 ,^! ph5om5a imply ! exi/5ce ( a =ce at times /up5d\s1 & at times s g5tle z simply to move a leaflet4 ,?is p[] 9 full magnitude may spr+ in/antane\sly into action2 & x may1 too1 z in/antane\sly cease4 ,x may sudd5ly drive a body ( air at ! rate ( "o hundr$ miles p] h\r1 & z sudd5ly arre/ its progress4 ,! air hav+ no inh]5t propulsive p[]s1 t orig9ate & control its directions1 velocities1 & v>i$ =ms ( movem5t1 is yet subject to def9ite laws4 ,:at ^! laws are has nev] be5 divulg$4--,! w9d bl[e? :]e x li/e?4 ,yet 9 view+ e>? & atmosph]e z va/ res]voirs ( vito-magnetic fluid1 %ift+ back & =? to ma9ta9 an equilibrium1 we believe we see ! work+s ( ! v =ce :i* moves & sways ! atmosph]e2 :i* causes its curr5ts1 bo? g5]al & special2 & :i* gives rise to all its m extraord9>y & unacc\ntable ph5om5a4 ,:at gives rise to ! ,curr5ts4 ,! *anges 9 ! magnetism ( ! e>? & atmosph]e give rise to ^! curr5ts4 ,!y are develop$ 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,! foll[+ may be m5tion$ z ! mo/ important4 #a/4 ,! g5]al & widespread p]turbations1 occurr+ )9 ! body ( ! e>?1 & implicat+ imm5se areas1 ev5 :ole cont95ts4 #b;d4 ,! int]ruptions ( cont9uity ( ! sol> curr5ts z 9 ! ph5om5a call$ sun-spots4 ,^! *anges1 to :atev] cause due1 are capable ( di/urb+ ! t]re/rial magnetic equilibrium ov] v>y+ areas1 & ( work+ in/antane\sly4 #c;d4 ,! effects ( ! int]ruptions ( ! sun's rays ?r\gh ! m$ium ( cl\ds4 #d?4 ,purely local vito-magnetic1 or electrical1 actions occupy+ small] or l>g] areas4#ac ,t ! orig9ation1 susp5sion1 & cont9uation ( ^! movem5ts1 9 all _! =ms are due to purely vito-magnetic =ce1 we ?9k demon/rable4 ,?us1 no o!r c act s in/antane\sly1 none ) su* v>i$ exhibitions ( p[]1 & none s widespread 9 _! developm5t4 ,9 ! movem5t ( a body ( air1 ! space previ\sly occupi$ by t body mu/ be resuppli$ by ano!r ( equal volume4 ,?is resupply may n necess>ily be d]iv$ f ! circumambi5t atmosph]e z h]et(ore suppos$4 ,9 "s in/ances ! resupply is d]iv$ 9 b slight degree f t s\rce1 b r f t great res]voir1 ! e>?2 z 9 ! in/ances ( :irlw9ds & tornadoes4 ,philosophical ,consid]ations drawn f ,obs]vation4 ,,flamm>ian says3--,we "k t a :irlw9d is a column ( air :i* turns ^u its own axis1 & :i* advances comp>atively sl[ly1 =1 z a rule1 a p]son c keep up ) x at a walk+ pace4 ,?is :irl+ column ( air is bo? caus$ & set 9 motion by electricity4 ,if :irlw9ds are caus$ & set 9 motion by electricity1 :y may n all o!r =ms ( w9d be productions ( ! same =ce8 ,,pelti] has e/abli%$ bo? by num]\s facts & by a s]ies ( +5i\s exp]im5ts1 t ! wat]sp\ts ( ! l& & sea are electrical ph5om5a4 ,?is _h be5 suspect$ by ,,becc>ia a hundr$ ye>s be=e4 ,! hurricane :i* occurr$ 9 ! ,b>badoes 9 #ahca1 0 ! mo/ rem>kable on record4 ,9 ! actions ( ! hurricane & ! electrical displays1 !re 0 abundant evid5ce ( cause & effect4 ,! lightn+ = h\rs play$ 9 fla%es & =k$ d>ts1 & mov$ frightfully betwe5 ! cl\ds & ! e>?1 ) a mo/ surpris+ action1 & ! e>? 0 felt to tremble4 ,! mom5t ?is s+ul> alt]nation ( ! lightn+ pass+ to & fro ceas$1 ! hurricane bur/ =? ) a viol5ce :i* exce$$ all t _h yet be5 exp]i5c$4 ,! w9ds bl[+ ) appall+ velocity1 *ang$ _! c\rse frequ5tly & almo/ in/antane\sly1 occasionally abat+ b only to return 9 gu/s f ,s4 ,w4-,w4 & ,n4 ,w4 ) accumulat$ fury4 ,^! alt]nations ( w9d & viol5t electrical ph5om5a1 7 some?+ m ?an co9cid5t1 m ?an a casual connection4 ,"h we obs]ve a manife/ int]-dep5d5ce4 ,9 ano!r hurricane1 ! w9d blew ab\t twelve h\rs ) ! utmo/ fury f ! ,n4 ,e4 & !n1 9 an in/ant1 p]fect calm ensu$ = an h\r1 !n1 quick z ?\ght1 ! hurricane sprang up ) trem5d\s =ce f ! ,s4 ,w4 ,no o!r p[] kn[n c susp5d & put 9 motion1 9 opposite directions1 su* m>vell\s velocities & s in/antane\sly4 ,a rem>kable ph5om5on 0 exhibit$ by a hurricane 9 #ahcg1 & describ$ by ,,capt4 ,,seym\r ( ,cork4 ,= ne>ly an h\r we c\ld n see ea* o!r nor any?+ else1 b m]ely ! light1 & mo/ a/oni%+1 e "o ( our f+]-nails turn$ q black & rema9$ s ne>ly five weeks aft]w>ds4 ,?is fact may be class$ among o!r pro(s ( ! ag5cy ( electricity 9 ! production ( hurricanes4 ,! foll[+ facts are entirely inconsi/5t ) usual me?ods ( explanation ( ! cause ( w9ds3 ,! entire atmosph]e1 to ! altitude ( _m ?\s& feet1 is con/antly trav]s$ by num]\s horizontal curr5ts ( air1 fl[+ 9 diff]5t directions & at diff]5t heights4 ,! c\rse ( a ballooni/ 0 alt]$ no less ?an five times 9 ! space ( f\rte5 h\rs4 ,! aronaut ,,gre51 at ! height ( #ad1jjj feet1 enc\nt]$ a curr5t t bore him along at ! rate ( five miles p] h\r1 b ^u desc5d+ to ! altitude ( #ab1jjj feet he met a contr>y w9d bl[+ ) a velocity ( eighty miles an h\r4 ,! vito-magnetic fluid is capable ( becom+ amass$1 cond5s$ & r>efi$4 ,9 ! tornado t happ5$ at ,nat*ez1 9 #ahdj1 ! h\ses explod$ :5ev] ! doors & w9d[s 7 %ut1 ! ro(s %oot+ up into ! air1 & ! walls ev5 ( ! /ronge/ build+s bur/+ outw>d ) great =ce4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,june1 #ahci1 a :irlw9d fell ^u ! village ( ,*at5ay1 ne> ,p>is4 ,9 ! room ( a h\se ov] :i* x pass$1 sev]al articles ( ne$le-"w 7 ly+ ^u a table4 ,! next day "s ( !m 7 f\nd 9 a field at a di/ance f ! h\se1 toge!r ) a pill[-case tak5 f ano!r room4 ,!y mu/ h be5 c>ri$ up ! *imney by ! ru% ( air outw>ds1 z e o!r means ( exit 0 clos$4 ,x is a fact well-kn[n to m9]s t dur+ & be=e viol5t tempe/s1 /rong asc5d+ curr5ts are obs]v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,iv4 ,,manufactur$ ,,w9d4 ,if a metallic rod t]m9at+ 9 a po9t be atta*$ to ! conductor ( an electrical ma*9e1 electricity escapes 9 l>ge quantities f ! po9t4 ,a cont9u\s curr5t is ?us kept up & ! flame ( a tap]1 if plac$ 9 front ( ! curr5t1 is bl[n 9 a horizontal direction4 ,w9d is ?us manufactur$ on a small scale4 ,pl4 ,,iv4 ,at a rec5t meet+ ( a ,meteorological ,society 9 ,engl&1 a pap] 0 read by ! ,,rev4 ,,joseph ,,crompton1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,m4,s4 ,! au?or1 :5 walk+ close to ! ,ca!dral ( ,norwi*1 0 /ruck ) ! unusual flutt]+ ( ! flags on ! top ( ! spire1 :i* 0 #cjj feet high4 ,!y 7 /ream+ ) a /ra9$1 quiv]+ motion p]p5dicul>ly upw>ds4 ,a heavy cl\d 0 pass+ ov]head at ! mom5t & z x pass$1 ! flags foll[$ ! cl\d & !n gradually dropp$ into comp>ative quietness4 ,! same ph5om5on 0 notic$ sev]al times4 ,z ! cl\d approa*$1 ! upp] bann] began to feel its influ5ce & /ream$ t[>ds x1 aga9/ ! direction ( ! w9d1 :i* /ill blew z be=e1 /eadily on all bel[4 ,z ! cl\d came ne>]1 ! vehem5t quiv]+ & /ream+ motion ( ! flags increas$2 !y began to take an upw>d p]p5dicul> direction into ! cl\d & seem$ almo/ te>+ !mselves f ! /aves to :i* !y 7 fa/5$4 ,aga9 z ! cl\d pass$1 !y foll[$ x z !y _h previ\sly /ream$ to meet its approa*1 & !n dropp$ away z be=e1 "o or two actually fold+ ov] _! /aves4 ,all ! o!r flags at ! l[] elevation did n %[ ! lea/ symptom ( di/urbance4 ,9 ?is ph5om5on we obs]ve ! op]ation ( two ( ! w9d-produc+ causes j m5tion$1 viz43--a w9d aris+ f purely local causes1 & ( limit$ ext5t1 occurr+ )9 ! b\nd>ies ( a w9d produc$ by ! action ( m g5]al1 & widespread causes--,a w9d )9 a w9d4 ,! above in/ances pla9ly c>ry a sugge/ion ( magnetic orig9 & p[]4 ,w9ds may n arise f ,presum$ ,causes4 ,if w9ds are due to su* a simple me*anical causation z ! production by ! sun1 ( a r>efi$ atmosph]e1 ! cold] air ru%+ 9 f all sides into ! empty spaces1 we %\ld h>dly expect to f9d any def9ite curr5ts b\nd$ by well-def9$ limits2 mu* less %\ld we look = transv]se & opposite curr5ts go+ l mess5g]s at v>y+ rates ( spe$1 "s sl[1 & o!rs exce$+ly swift4 ,nor may /rong] gales sudd5ly cease1 z ?\gh /opp$ by "s mighty invisible wall4 ,& 9 no wise c !y1 f m]e calorific ag5cies1 leap out ( p]fect calmness into hurricane velocity1 or subside into sil5ce z by magic4 ,on no su* pr9ciple c !y %ift back ^u _! own track1 go+ ei!r way ) t]rific velocity4 ,a ,great ,cosmical ,sy/em4 ,we h se5 ! m>ks ( electrical action 9 ! cases cit$1 & s9ce we "k some?+ ( ! subtlety ( ! ag5t2 t x may be amass$1 cond5s$ & r>efi$1 t x is n loose & w&]+1 & ! m]e play?+ ( =tuit\s =ces1 z ! atmosph]e is suppos$ to be2 b1 on ! contr>y1 has close & mo/ sympa!tic adju/m5t ) ! e>?-=ce2 & t x is ! invisible h& t holds & manages ! gross] atmosph]ic matt]2 s9ce we "k ?is1 we are n[ br\ght to ! /udy ( a great cosmical sy/em4 ,,footnotes3 #ac ,app5dix1 p4 #aje4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,sun-,,spots4 ,grave ,d\bts4 ,,h]b]t ,,sp5c] says3 ,at pres5t none ( ! int]pretations ( ! sun-spots c be reg>d$ z e/abli%$4 ,h[ num]\s & h[ /range h be5 ! !ories promulgat$ z to ! "* ( ! manife/ations call$ sun-spots4 ,! d>k spots 9 ! sun h be5 suppos$ to be solid bodies revolv+ v ne> its surface1 ,smoke ( volcanoes2 ,scum float+ ^u an ocean ( fluid matt]2 ,cl\ds2 ,opaque masses float+ 9 ! fluid matt] ( ! sun1 dipp+ d[n occasionally1 ,fi]y liquid surr\nd+ ! sun :i*1 by its ebb+ & fl[+1 ! highe/ p>ts ( x 7 occasionally uncov]$1 & appe>$ "u ! %ape ( d>k spots1 & by ! return ( ! fi]y liquid1 !y 7 aga9 cov]$1 & 9 a mann] successively assum$ diff]5t phases2 ,int]ruptions ( cont9uity 9 ! bright envelopes imm$iately surr\nd+ ! sun1 ,cavities etc4 ,ov]e/imate ( ! ,degree ( ,spot-%ad[4 ,public s5tim5t 9 reg>d to ! degree ( d>kness :i* is disclos$ 9 sun-spots is exce$+ly errone\s4 ,x is believ$ t ! spots are really d>k4 ,z,,lln]1 h[ev]1 /ates t ,! black umbra ( a spot emits f\r ?\s& times z mu* light z t d]iv$ f an equal area ( ! moon4 ,! blacke/ "p ( ! spot is intr9sically bright4 ,:at ,!y are n1 & :at ,!y are4 ,^! ph5om5a may n arise f disruptions tak+ place on ! sun's surface1 nei!r f viol5t agitations ne> t surface4 ,! ess5tial & intimate "* ( ! s-call$ sun-spots may be f\nd 9 ! int]ruptions ( cont9uity 9 ! fluid occupy+ ! sol> cone-space4 ,?is fluid :i* we call sunlight int]communicates betwe5 ! entire oppos+ surface ( sun & e>?1 unless int]rupt$ by "s tempor>y cause4 ,any cause :i* is capable ( produc+ results ( su* "* & magnitude c only act by m or less completely int]rupt+ ! developm5t or transmission ( ?is fluid4 ,! result ( su* action w\ld be disclos$ to u by a decreas$ brilliancy 9 ! direction ( ! sun4 ,! s-call$ sun-spot w\ld be 9 "*1 magnitude1 =m1 & %ade proportionate to ! ext5t & "* ( ! di/urb+ =ce4 ,! p]man5ce or evanesc5ce ( ! spot w\ld indicate ! sun or e>? z be+ ! locality ( su* d]angem5t4 ,! m p]man5t =m be+ develop$ at ! sun1 & ! m ephem]al at ! e>?4 ,any =ces 9 op]ation at ! e>? :i* might int]f]e ) ! int]communication ( light1 w\ld less5 ! brilliancy ( ! light1 at ! e>?-extremity ( ! cone-space2 & ! defici5cy ?us produc$ w\ld disclose to an obs]v] at ! e>? all ! appe>ances ( a spot ^u ! surface ( ! sun4 ,! s-call$ spot1 ?us produc$1 might !re=e n be reg>d$ z a v]itable spot ^u ! sun's disc1 b r z an optical illusion4 ,!y are ,caus$ by ,magnetic ,p]turbations4 ,:at may be ! =ces 9 op]ation on ! "p ( ! sun1 & e>? alike1 :i* may s int]f]e ) ! developm5t or transmission ( light ?r\gh ! sol> cone-space8 ,! condition ( ! cont5ts conta9$ )9 ! enclosure ( ! sun-cru/ & e>?-cru/1 is presumably "o ( unre/2 its actions v>y+ f repose to ! mo/ viol5t agitation1 ) a t5d5cy to ! cyclonic 9 its motions4 ,al?\gh ! e>?-core may n be presum$ to be an entire mov+ mass1 yet x is kn[n to be 9 a measure inc&esc5t1 & molt54 ,magnetic /orms occur )9 our e>?-cru/ :i* sway ! ne$le )\t1 & almo/ in/antane\sly manife/ _! pres5ce ov] areas ( m ?an half ! globe4 ,! same ph5om5a are und\bt$ly pres5t 9 increas$ developm5t at ! sun4 ,we may !re=e ) reason suppose t p]turbations1 h[ev] produc$1 occur )9 ^? sph]es1 ( su* an ext5t & "* z might be a suffici5t cause ( ! int]ruption ( developm5t1 or ( transmission ( t fluid4 ,inconsi/5cy ( ! ,pres5t ,accept$ ,philosophy4 ,! ephem]al or evanesc5t "* ( _m ( ! s-call$ sun-spots1 removes !m f ! doma9 ( sun-ph5om5a1 o!rwise ?an 9 appe>ance4 ,figures t are ,deceptive4 ,"s ( ^! spots ev5 ( l>ge dim5sions come into ! field ( view almo/ in/antane\sly2 & z sudd5ly disappe>4 ,?us ,,krone obs]v$ a spot ( no inconsid]able dim5sions :i* sprang into exi/5ce 9 less ?an a m9ute ( "t4 ,,dr4 ,,wolla/on says3--,i once saw ) a two-in* reflector a spot :i* bur/ 9 pieces z ,i 0 look+ at x4 ,,biela also notes t spots disappe> sometimes 9 a s+le mom5t4 ,,sir ,,william ,,h]s*el turn$ away 8 eyes f a gr\p ( spots he 0 obs]v+1 & :5 he look$ aga9 ! gr\p _h vani%$4 ,( ^? :o attempt to make an e/imate ( ^! ph5om5a by ma!matical =mul1 we w\ld ask1 ,:at velocities mu/ ^! sudd5 & app>5tly widespread outbur/s repres5t1 if !y take place at ! sun8 ,effects ( ^! ,wond]ful ,ph5om5a4 ,t ?is ph5om5on is a result ( an int]ruption ( ! sol> curr5t is rational to suppose4 ,x is indisputable t ! int]ruptions :i* produce ^! manife/ations h an important be>+ ^u t]re/rial ph5om5a4 ,w9ds1 /orms1 vegetation1 heal?fulness1 are manife/ly influ5c$1 & 9 a measure controll$ by ^! p]turbations4 ,mi/ak5 ,conceptions4 ,! claim ( _m sci5ti/s t spot p]iods may be calculat$1 & classifi$1 possesses no elem5t ev5 ( probability1 mu* less ( fact1 to su/a9 ! supposition4 ,! evanesc5t "* ( _m ( ^! spots places !m beyond ! sph]e ( /ati/ical calculation4 ,may n be ,tabulat$4 ,n ev5 conc]t$ & sy/ematic inve/igation c insure reliable conclusions1 = p]sons sep>at$ by ev5 inconsid]able di/ances w\ld n always obs]ve precisely ! same spot manife/ations4 ,moreov]1 ! spots appe> & vani% s quickly t no correct e/imate c be made at any s+le locality4 ,z well attempt to map & *>t ! aurora borealis4 ,unbiass$ ,e/imate ( _! ,"* & ,location4 ,,s*e9] 0 "o ( ! fir/ :o ev] obs]v$ ^! spots ?r\gh a telescope1 & 0 !re=e uncontroll$ by !ories 9 8 e/imate ( _! "* & location4 ,he held x impossible t !y c\ld be on ! sun itself1 & imag9$ "s ( !m to be z f> f ! sun1 z ! moon1 ,v5us1 or ,m]cury4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,s\nd4 ,ess5tial ,"* & ,m$ium ( ,transmission4 ,s\nds are products ( vito-magnetic conditions & *anges4 ,!y result f action or =ce exp5d$ ^u ! vito-magnetic elem5t ( ! atmosph]e4 ,if su* action or =ce be directly exp5d$ ^u ! air1 or1 m accurately1 ^u ?is vito-magnetic con/itu5t ( ! air1 x is propagat$ 9 accordance ) ! laws t gov]n ! transmission ( ! vito-magnetic or electrical fluid ?r\gh ! air4 ,if x be exp5d$ ^u a l5g!n$ wire1 !n1 z s\nd1 x is transmitt$ accord+ to ! laws ( magnetic transmission ?r\gh wire4 ,! rec5t exp]im5ts 9 connection ) ! telephone h demon/rat$ ! fact t s\nd may be communicat$ ?r\gh hundr$s ( miles ( space )\t occupy+ any appreciable l5g? ( "t--9 ?is respect be+ precisely l ! ord9>y action ( ! magnetic curr5t4 ,x is mo/ philosophical !re=e to conclude t x is ! same elem5t t is conc]n$ 9 bo? in/ances4 ,if we 7 to di/+ui% betwe5 ! actions ( ! telephonic wire & ! telegraphic wire we %\ld say t !re is no diff]5ce 9 ! m$ium ( communication1 :i* is 9 ei!r case ! vito-magnetic fluid2 b t 9 ! =m] ! normal fluid is affect$ simply1 :ile 9 ! latt] an artificial & extraord9>y am\nt ( fluid is induc$ s z to produce /rong magnetic effects4 ,9 ! telephone wire we h an affection ( ! fluid2 9 ! telegraphic wire a pulsation1 s to speak4 ,9 ! production ( s\nd1 vibrations 7errone\sly call$ waves71 h an important ag5cy1 b !y h no act or "p 9 its conveyance4 ,! v>y+ int5sities ( s\nd1 & ! di/ance to :i* x rea*es1 are 9 direct ratio ) ! k9d ( =ce appli$ 9 its production1 ! "* ( ! resi/ance (f]$ & ! m$ium ( communication employ$4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,results ,,( ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,!ories4 ,! !ories ?us ass]t$ may be reg>d$ z exce$+ly radical 9 _! "*4 ,_! influ5ce may n be fully e/imat$4 ,m>vell\s 9 ext5t are ! ramifications :i* proce$ f ^! s\rces1 & few are ! subjects ( human ?\ght & inve/igation :i* w n be1 to a great] or less degree1 affect$ by _! influ5ce4 ,new *annels ( ?\ght & inve/igation w be op5$1 & old !ories :i* n[ h ! confid5ce ( great m9ds & great numb]s1 w quietly s9k into oblivion4 ,! blank a/oni%m5t & incr$ulity ) :i* ^! !ories w be receiv$1 w soon be foll[$ by acceptance1 & ! _w w wond] :y ^! ?+s h be5 s long delay$4 ,if ^! !ories be true1 among ! =emo/ & )al ! mo/ mis*iev\s ( ! old !ories :i* w fall1 w be t figm5t ( ! imag9ation--! ,nebul> ,hypo!sis4#ad ,h[ /rangely1 & h[ /rongly1 has t hypo!sis ma9ta9$ its gr\nd1 ev5 aft] nebul\s masses h be5 resolv$ into clu/]s ( />s4 ,if gravity be ! result ( retro-act+ =ces1 !re c\ld be no elem5t ( attraction 9 ! flimsy gase\s p>ticles :]eby !y might be drawn toge!r4 ,if gravity be ! result ( retro-act+ =ces1 !n mu/ ^? =ces h _! exi/5ce some:]e4 ,b :]e c\ld !re be f\nd 9 flimsy gases any su* special c5tres ( =ce--any nuclei--f :i* attraction might proce$ 9 its "w ( =m+ ! sph]es8 ,a />t+-po9t is lack+4 ,if ^! !ories be true1 ! sun is =m$ l unto ! e>?1 & is cool1 non-lum9\s1 & habitable4 ,inc&esc5ce n be+ ! condition ( ! sun or its surr\nd+s2 exhau/$ worlds1 worn out a/]oids1 & /ray comets & meteors are n requir$ to keep up ext]nal fires4 ,if1 !re=e1 inc&esc5ce be n a condition ( ! sun's surr\nd+s1 !n surely !re may be no gl[+ metallic vapors1 no hydrog51 no iron1 no sodium1 no magnesium1 no oxyg52 ^? con/itu5ts ( ! sun envelope1 s graphically describ$ by ! spectroscopi/s ( ! pres5t day4 ,! orig9 ( cele/ial spectroscopy 0 z vague & unphilosophical z 0 t ( ! nebul> hypo!sis4 ,,frau5h(] & ,,kir*h(f imag9$ c]ta9 ?+s1 & /raightway a great !ory sprang into exi/5ce4#ae ,v]ily ! ,sci5tific use ( ! ,imag9ation too (t5 leads m5 into ! grosse/ errors4 ,if ^! !ories be true1 we may h]eaft] ignore all undulatory processes4 ,"t may no long] be e/imat$ 9 not+ ! transmission ( light & heat1 s9ce1 l gravity1 ea* acts in/antane\sly4 ,if ! mo/ di/ant fix$ /> :i* is visible c\ld be annihilat$ to-night1 its light w\ld be se5 no m =ev]4 ,if ^! !ories be true1 ! rec5t m>vels ( ! age1 ! telephone1 phonograph1 & _! fa/-multiply+ brood f9d a satisfactory & philosophical explanation4 ,if ^! !ories be true1 ! boa/ ( ! ,a!i/1 t ,god is wa/eful & a bungl]1 9 t he wa/efully scatt]s 8 sunlight1 & sun-heat1 9 all directions into space1 is set at naught4 ,nature has be5 mis9t]pret$4 ,no sunlight nor sun-heat is disclos$1 except 9 ! direction ( o!r sph]es4 ,^! !ories ?r[ new light ^u ! "* & ext5t ( ! atmosph]e ( ! moon & planets1 & ! consequ5t availability ( ^? & o!r sph]es = su/a9+ life4 ,! ext5t ( ! atmosph]e ( ea* cele/ial body may be presum$ to be proportionate to our own4 ,analogy w\ld !re=e tea* u t ^? bodies1 also our sun1 & o!r suns1 are ! abodes ( intellig5t be+s4 ,if ^! !ories be true1 heat may no long] be reg>d$ z actual motion among ! p>ticles ( heat$ matt]1 nei!r may we long] imag9e ! exi/5ce ( hypo!tical upp] trade w9ds4 ,if ^! !ories be true1 ! "p :i* has ev] be5 attribut$ to ! sun z orig9ator & disp5s] ( light & heat1 has be5 ov]e/imat$4 ,e sph]e conta9s )9 its enclosure ! s\rce f :i* its own supply is d]iv$2--a v]itable /oreh\se1 :i* at "o & ! same "t yields & gov]ns its requisite supply4 ,! e>? receives :at is due to x1 9 ! int]*ange con/antly tak+ place2 & n an am\nt :i* ! sun may fitfully dole out4 ,9 ! "* ( ! w9ds1 & atmosph]e z disclos$1 :at revelations6 ,:at floods ( light w ?us be ?r[n ^u subjects n[ my/]i\s6 ,,footnotes3 #ad ,app5dix1 p4 #ajf4 #ae ,app5dix1 p4 #ajf4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,direct ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,^! ,,=ces ,,z ,,causation ,,( ,,disease4 ,9 its be>+s ^u ! sy/emic conditions :i* we t]m heal? & disease1 ?is my/]i\s vito-magnetic fluid is ( ! highe/ import4 ,?is great pr9ciple :i* fills ! e>? & all sph]es1 & gov]ns & b9ds !m toge!r--?is great pr9ciple :i* is ! s\rce ( all life1 animate & inanimate--?is pr9ciple dom9ates 9 e vital sy/em1 f man d[n ?r\gh & beyond ! microscopic =ms ( exi/5ce4 ,! normal action ( ?is pr9ciple 9 e "p ( ! human sy/em con/itutes heal?2 its abnormal action1 disease2 its int]ruption1 dea?4 ,! human sy/em is ?us a delicately organiz$ & exce$+ly s5sitive vito-magnetic ma*9e1 & is virtually kept 9 action ?r\gh ! op]ation ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,any condition1 !re=e1 :i* may directly or indirectly influ5ce or di/urb ?is pr9ciple1 may influ5ce or di/urb ! actions ( e human organization4 ,9 ! se>* = causes ( disease ?r\gh\t ! ages1 ?is field1 s fruitful 9 mat]ial1 has be5 left almo/ unexplor$4 ,! disclosures ( ! e>ly future w wond]fully *ange ! s5tim5ts ent]ta9$ 9 reg>d to ! cause ( a l>ge proportion ( our diseases4 ,meteorological influ5ce1 al?\gh n[ comp>atively ignor$ z a disease-produc+ p[]1 w ere long be recogniz$ n only z a p[]1 b z ! p[]1 f> ov]%ad[+ all o!r influ5ces comb9$4 ,! "* & ext5t ( ^! influ5ces are sc>cely imag9$4 ,9 e/imat+ !m ! att5tion ( ! pr(ession is n[ ma9ly direct$ to !rmometric & hygrometric *anges & conditions4 ,^! =m n ! l>ge/ proportion ( ! p]turb+ influ5ces con/antly 9 op]ation ar\nd u4 ,) ! v]ification ( ! meteorological !ory ( causation1 m positive & rational ideas w prevail2--obscurity w1 9 a measure1 give place to cle>] & m exact p]ceptions ( ! "* & relations ( diseases1 & a correspond+ effici5cy 9 treatm5t may be expect$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,artificial ,,production ,,( ,,light1 ,,heat1 ,,& ,,p[]1 ,,& ,,_! ,,utilization4 ,! practical procurem5t ( necess>y light & heat = our dwell+s1 z well z ( necess>y me*anical p[] = ! _w's "w 9 mills & factories1 9 "s less exp5sive & labori\s mann] ?an ?r\gh va/ consumption ( wood1 coal1 & oil1 is believ$ to be n[ s close ^u realization t we may ev5 call x un fait accompli4 ,! conv]sion ( ! mom5tum ( riv]s1 & ( ! p[] ( cat>acts1 tides1 & w9ds1 into vito-magnetic or electrical fluid2 ! transportation ( ?is fluid to any locality ?r\gh wire or cable2 & its f9al transmutation into light1 heat1 or me*anical =ce suffici5t = all "w1 are already demon/rat$ z practicable4 ,!re is no reason !n :y ! ,mississippi %\ld n be made to roll1 & ,niag>a to fall ?r\gh our work%ops1 or ev5 to impel our /reet-c>s4 ,!y may z well "w z to be idle z !y g4 ,b 9 all ?is1 />tl+ z x seems1 man is only imitat+ ,nature 9 h] e-day op]ations ?r\gh sun & e>?4 ,ev5 ! ord] is simil>4 ,! sun is ! riv] giv+ its con/ant impulse ?r\gh ! vito-magnetic cable ( ! sol> cone4 ,! e>? end ( ! cable is adju/$ by means ( ! atmosph]e1 = ! production ( light & heat = ?is e>?ly habitation4 ,x indues ! globe ) magnetic influ5ce :i* we h call$ gravity4 ,& 9 its work%op1 its me*anical & vital =ces are keep+ up all motions 9 animal & plant1 e>?1 ocean1 & air4 ,& ?us light1 heat1 gravity1 me*anical p[]1 electricity1 magnetism1 vital =ce & univ]sal motion1 are b "o pr9ciple v>i\sly express$4 ,?is pr9ciple we h designat$ vito-magnetic fluid4 ,b h we rea*$ a climax & an end8 ,no4 ,?is vito-magnetic riv] or curr5t fl[s on4 ,its flood is nev] /ay$4 ,b yet we f9d no accumulation4 ,light & heat h nei!r be5 pil$ up to ! sky1 nor h !y become annihilat$4 ,_! ess5tial elem5t has only *ang$ =m1 & proce$$ on its busy way1 turn+ e>? into a magnet1 vivify+ & op]at+ all organisms1 travell+ ^u all curr5ts1 ga!r+ up & utiliz+ all ! fragm5ts & wa/e ( its work%op1 transmitt+ & cons]v+ its en]gy en r\te to ! poles4 ,& f9ally1 ! same elem5t t signaliz$ its entrance at ! e>?'s m c5tral regions ,,z ,,heat1 n[ signalizes its dep>ture along e>?'s pol> extremities ,,z ,,cold4,d ,no?+ is lo/4 ,su* a mighty fl[+ curr5t _c be /opp$4 ,if x rolls 9 we may be assur$ t some:]e x w roll out4 ,& ?is is b ,,! ,,gr& ,,cosmical ,,circuit1 already made m5tion (4 ,,footnotes3 ,d ,we w\ld n def9e cold z abs5ce ( heat4 ,cold is r ! opposite electrical condition to heat4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,:y ,,0 ,,n ,,?is ,,discov]y ,,soon] ,,made8 ,x may be ask$1 :y %\ld ! discov]y ( ?is great s\rce ( all ! =ces1 vital & physical1 h be5 delay$ to ! pres5t "t8 ,ma/] m9ds h be5 engag$ = ages 9 ef=ts to solve ! wond]ful problem4 ,,h]s*el1 ,,newton1 ,,humboldt1 ,,f>aday1 ,,mossotti1 & _m o!rs h held ! key almo/ )9 _! control1 & ! consummation has only fail$ ( be+ realiz$ at an e>li] day by reason ( ! t5acity ) :i* ! m9ds ( m5 are held by preconceiv$ & pre-exi/+ op9ions4 ,,sir ,,william ,,h]s*el reg>d$ sol> & /ell> light z ! effects ( an electro-magnetic process4 ,,newton recogniz$ all movem5ts ( ! cosmical bodies to be ! result ( "o & ! same =ce2 ( "s high] & /ill unkn[n p[]1 b lum9if]\s e!r %ad$ 8 m5tal vision1 & he fail$ to disc]n t p[]4 ,9 8 inve/igations ( ^? great subjects he is l$ to ask1 ,are n ! sun1 & fix$ />s1 great e>?s1 vehem5tly hot8 ,,humboldt said3 ,x is inde$ a brilliant ef=t1 wor?y ( ! human m9d1 to comprise 9 "o organic :ole1 ! entire sci5ce ( nature1 f ! laws ( gravity to ! =mative impulse 9 animat$ bodies2 b ! preoccupation ( 8 va/ m9d1 & ! hold ( pre-exi/+ ideas1 (f]$ difficulties to ! solution ( ! problem4 ,b1 note ! approximation ( 8 ideas to ^? h]e9 express$1 he said3 ,! sun1 z ! ma9 s\rce ( light & heat1 mu/ be able to call =? & animate magnetic =ces on our planet4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 he cont9ues ?us3 & m especially 9 ! gase\s /rata ( our atmosph]e4 ,,f>aday1 p]haps ! mo/ di/+ui%$ man1 9 ! :ole ( 8 own field1 :i* ! _w has ev] produc$1 recogniz+ ! p[] ( ?is great ob/acle to true advancem5t 7i4 e41 preconceiv$ & pre-exi/+ ideas71 once said3 ,:5 su* a "o z myself gets out ( ! way1 !n new conditions1 new m51 new views1 new opportunities1 may all[ ( ! developm5t ( o!r l9es ( active op]ation ?an ^? h]et(ore 9 s]vice4 ,he believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( "o great univ]sal pr9ciple1 f :i* gravity1 heat1 light1 electricity1 magnetism1 ev5 life itself might come4 ,he sp5t _m ( 8 late/ ye>s 9 ef=ts to solve ?is great problem1 & on 8 failure he ask$3 ,is x all a dream8 ,he nev]1 h[ev]1 wav]$ 9 8 fai?1 & 8 la/ ef=ts 7 direct$ to t end4 ,) prophetic vision1 almo/ am\nt+ to presci5ce1 he1 9 speak+ ( magnetism1 said3 ,:5 we rememb] t ! e>? itself is a magnet1 p]vad$ 9 e "p by ?is mighty p[]1 univ]sal & /rong z gravity itself1 we _c d\bt t x is ex]t+ an appo9t$ & ess5tial influ5ce ov] e p>ticle ( matt]1 & 9 e place :]e x is pres5t4 ,:at its great purpose is1 seems to be loom+ up 9 ! di/ance be=e u3--! cl\ds :i* obscure our m5tal sight are daily ?9n+1 & ,i _c d\bt t a glori\s discov]y 9 natural k & 9 ! wisdom & p[] ( ,god 9 ! creation is await+ our age4 ,?us did ^? great philosoph]s s ne>ly atta9 to ! goal ( _! highe/ e>?ly aspirations1 & only fail$ 9 ! consummation by reason ( cl++ to ! exi/+ op9ions ( _! age4 ,,app5dix4 #a4 7,page #bb47 ,,bruno1 ab\t ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 guess$ ! fundam5tal fact ( ! ,nebul> ,hypo!sis1 & ,kant reason$ out its f\ndation idea1 & ,,laplace develop$ x4--,,correlation ,,& ,,cons]vation ,,( ,,=ces4 ,we h le>n$ to recognize on h[ v d\btful a basis _m ( ! receiv$ axioms ( physical sci5ce are f\nd$4 ,?is hypo!sis has be5 receiv$ ) mu* unanimity & has firmly held its sway4 ,yet1 ,,bruno guess$ ! fundam5tal fact1 & ?is figm5t ( ! imag9ation has1 = ne>ly a c5tury1 controll$ ! sci5tific m9d4 ,its p>alyz+ influ5ces h affect$ o!r dep>tm5ts ( physical sci5ce1 & true progress has be5 ob/ruct$4 ,! attempt to describe m9utely h[ ! sph]es 7 =m$ millions ( ye>s ago is b presumption4 ,?is hypo!sis1 f su* an orig91 unv]ifi$ & unv]ifiable1 is too weak to support ! sup]/ructure :i* has be5 erect$ ^u x4 ,?is hypo!sis disc>d$1 x may be presum$ t ! e>? 0 nev] 9 a fluid or :olly inc&esc5t /ate4 ,x may be %[n t all nebul are cr[d$ /ell> masses4--,,humboldt4 ,action & ,retro-action4 #b4 7,page #be47 ,consid]+ ! cont9u$ activity ( ! sun ?r\gh c\ntless c5turies1 we may assume1 ) ma!matical c]ta9ty1 ! exi/5ce ( "s comp5sat+ influ5ce to make good its enorm\s loss4--,,cor4 ,,& ,,con4 ,,( ,,=ces4 ,if ! e>? receives ! b5efits ( ?is activity1 surely ! comp5sat+ influ5ce mu/1 9 a l degree1 g =? f ! e>? to ! sun4 ,&1 fur!rmore1 if ?is influ5ce 7:atev] its "*7 may pass 9 ! "o direction ?r\gh space )\t kn[n or visible means ( communication1 retro-action may be affect$ ?r\gh ! same *annel4 ,! ,e>? & all ,sph]es fram$ alike4 #c4 7,page #bf47 ,! e>? belongs to a sy/em ( planets analog\s to itself1 hav+ ! same orig91 ! same de/9y1 situat$ ar\nd ! same c5tre & gov]n$ by ! same motive p[]4--,,flamm>ian4 ,mutual ,relations ( ,e>? & ,sun4 #d4 7,page #bg47 ,a my/]i\s *a9 l9ks toge!r ! cele/ial & t]re/rial =ces4 ,accord+ to ! anci5t signification ( ! ,titanic my?1 ! p[]s ( organic life1 t is to say1 ! great ord] ( nature1 dep5d ^u ! comb9$ action ( heav5 & e>?4--,,humboldt4 ,! ,sun's ,body ,d>k4 #e4 7,page #cj47 ,,h]s*el',s fix$ idea 0 t ! d>kness ( a spot 0 an indication ( a cool habitable globe4 ,a ,new ,!ory ( ! ,nature ( ,wat]4 #f4 7,page #cf47 ,m4 ,,mai*e1 9 ,les ,mondes1 prop\nds ! !ory1 rea*$ aft] num]\s exp]im5ts1 t wat] is simply hydrog5 plus electricity1 or oxyg5 m9us electricity1 or1 9 o!r words1 t normal electrifi$ hydrog5 con/itutes wat]1 & t normal diselectrifi$ oxyg5 produces ! same2 or t hydrog51 oxyg51 & wat] are precisely ! same1 diff]+ only 9 degree ( electrification4 ,sun-heat4 #g4 7,page #da47 ,! sun1 z ! ma9 s\rce ( heat & light1 mu/ be able to call =? & animate magnetic =ces on our planet4--,,humboldt4 ,x is an inconte/able fact t ! sun ex]cises an action ^u ! magnetic ph5om5a :i* are manife/$ ^u our globe4--,,sec*i4 ,:at is c]ta9 is1 t !re ought to be1 betwe5 ! sun & planets1 a means ( communication ( =ce1 & ! transmission ( movem5t4--,ibid4 ,! c5tral body may1 z a p[]ful s\rce ( heat1 excite magnetic activity on our planet4--,,humboldt4 #h4 7,page #db47 ,x _c be d\bt$ t electro-magnetic curr5ts exi/ 9 ! int]ior ( ! globe4--,,amp,,re4 ,! int]nal heat ( our planet is connect$ ) ! g5]ation ( electro-magnetic curr5ts4--,,humboldt4 ,a l>ge proportion ( w9t] heat ( ! poles comes ?r\gh ! equatorial curr5t4--,,y\mans4 ,auror4 #i4 7,page #dd47 ,,hood he>d a noise z ( quickly mov$ musket-balls1 & a slight crackl+ s\nd dur+ an aurora4 ,he also notic$ ! same noise on ! foll[+ day4 ,,fa!r ,,p]ry ( ! ,/onyhur/ ,obs]vatory rem>k$ t ! gre5 spectroscopic l9e *>act]i/ic ( ! aurora1 c\ld be detect$ ev5 :]e ! unassi/$ eye fail$ to notice any trace ( light4 ,! fleecy cl\ds se5 9 ,icel& by ,,?i5emann1 & :i* he consid]$ to be ! nor!rn light1 h be5 se5 9 rec5t times by ,,frankl9 & ,,ri*>dson1 ne> ! ,am]ican nor? pole1 & by ,,admiral ,,wrangel on ! ,sib]ian coa/4 ,all rem>k$ t ! aurora fla%$ =? 9 ! mo/ vivid beams :5 masses ( cirrus /rata 7 hov]+ 9 ! upp] regions ( ! air1 & :5 ^! 7 s ?9 t _! pres5ce c\ld only be recogniz$ by ! =mation ( a halo ar\nd ! moon4 ,^! cl\ds sometimes range !mselves ev5 by day 9 a simil> mann] to ! beams ( ! aurora & !n di/urb ! c\rse ( ! magnetic ne$le 9 ! same mann] z ! latt]4 ,on ! morn+ aft] e di/9ct nocturnal aurora ! same sup]impos$ /rata ( cl\ds h /ill be5 obs]v$1 t _h previ\sly be5 lum9\s4 ,,p>ry ev5 saw ! great ar* ( ! nor!rn light cont9ue ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,,arago 0 ( ! op9ion t ea* obs]v] saw 8 own aurora some:at z ea* obs]v] ( a ra9b[ sees ! lum9\s arc diff]5tly plac$4 ,! ,great ,sun ,batt]y4 #aj4 7,page #dd47 ,if ) a p]cussion cap & a te> we may develop suffici5t p[] to deflect a magnetic ne$le #c1jjj miles di/ant1 :at p[] may n be expect$ ( ! sun1 #a1bej1jjj times l>g] ?an ! e>?2 ! sun ex]cis+ a =ce ( ! same "*8 ,gravity4 #aa4 7,page #ej47 ,,pr(4 ,,mossotti has rec5tly %[n1 by a v able analysis1 t !re are /rong gr\nds = believ+ t n only ! molecul> =ces :i* unite ! p>ticles ( mat]ial bodies dep5d on ! electric fluid1 b t ev5 gravitation itself1 :i* b9ds _w to _w1 & sun to sun1 c no long] be reg>d$ z an ultimate pr9ciple1 b ! residual portion ( a f> m p[]ful =ce1 g5]at$ by t en]getic ag5t :i* p]vades creation4--,,f>aday4 ,if gravitation is made to mean some?+ alli$ to magnetism1 "s poorly expla9$ ph5om5a become easily und]/ood4 ,b :at are ! circum/ances af=d+ pro( ( ! id5tity ( ^! =ces8 ,fir/1 gravitation acts ^u all k9ds ( matt]2 ,,f>aday prov$ ! same ( magnetism4 ,second1 gravitation is attractive2 s is magnetism4 ,?ird1 gravitation is proportionate to ! mass2 ! =ce ( magnets also dep5ds ^u ! mass4 ,f\r?1 gravitation acts 9 an inv]se ratio to ! squ>e ( ! di/ance2 s does magnetism4 ,fif?1 gravitation does n manife/ pol>ity2 magnetism is kn[n n to d s4 ,six?1 gravitation acts indep5d5tly ( bodies af=d+ a resi/ance to light & heat2 s does magnetism4--,,c>twell4 ,,f>aday',s biograph] says3--,he is oppress$ ) ! magnitude & importance ( 8 subject1 yet is /imulat$ by ! fact t ! discov]y :i* he aims = 7! relation%ip betwe5 gravity & electricity7 w\ld h a be>+ 9 importance f> beyond all conception 9 elucidat+ n only ! facts connect$ ) ^! subjects1 b also o!rs ( a high importance4 ,!re be+ sc>cely a limit to ! subjects :i* w\ld be illum9at$ by x4 ,gravity1 surely ?is =ce mu/ be capable ( an exp]im5tal relation to electricity & magnetism & ! o!r =ces1 s z to b9d x up ) !m 9 reciprocal action & equival5t effect4--,,f>aday4 ,,kepl] reg>d$ gravity & heat z be+ probably d]iv$ f "o s+le pr9ciple4 ,!re is e reason = believ+ t ! radiations :i* con/itute heat & light are ess5tially ! same4 ,gravity acts in/antane\sly4 ,/atic ,electricity4 #ab4 7,page #eb47 ,speak+ ( /atic electricity1 ,,f>aday rem>ks3 ,:at an idea ( ! ev]-pres5t & ev]-ready /ate ( ?is p[] is giv5 to u1 :5 we consid] t n only e sub/ance1 b almo/ e mode ( deal+ ) sub/ance manife/s its pres5ce4 ,x is n accid5tal at ^! times1 b active & ess5tially s1 & we may1 9 our endeavors to compreh5d x1 usefully comp>e & contra/ x ) gravity :i* nev] *anges4 ,!re we see t p[] :i* 9 undi/urb$ & solemn gr&eur holds equally ! _w & ! du/ ( :i* worlds are =m$ toge!r1 & c>ries !m on 9 _! c\rse ?r\gh illimitable space ?r\gh illimitable ages2 & 9 ?is o!r p[]1 ev5 9 ?is our fir/ glimpse we see probably ! contra/$ =ce :i* is de/9$ to give all t vivacity & mutual activity to p>ticles t %all fit !m z f> z matt] alone is conc]n$1 = _! wond]ful (fice 9 ! ph5om5a ( nature1 & enable !m to br+ =? ! ev] v>y+ & a/oni%+ *anges :i* e>?1 air1 fire & wat] pres5t to u2 f ! motion ( ! du/ 9 ! :irlw9d up to ! highe/ conditions ( life4 #ac4 7,page #fa47 ,an illu/ration ( ?is =m ( w9d-production may be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ facts relat$ by ,,dr4 ,,gisl]1 :o = a long "t dwelt 9 ! nor? ( ,sw$53 ,! matt] ( ! aurora borealis sometimes desc5ds s l[ t x t\*es ! gr\nd4 ,at ! summit ( high m\nta9s x produces ^u ! face ( ! travell] an effect analog\s to t ( w9d4 ,we %\ld pron\nce ?is effect to be ! production ( a true w9d ( a circumscrib$ or local "*4 ,sol> ,spectrum1 its orig94 #ad4 7,page #hj47 ,,pr(4 ,,kir*h(f 0 l$ to ! /udy ( a co9cid5ce betwe5 ! bright yell[ l9e giv5 9 an inc&esc5t sodium vapor1 & ! sol> l9e ,d1 :i* co9cid5ce _h already be5 notic$ by ,,frau5h(]4 ,^u apply+ a great] disp]sive p[] he notic$ t ! l9e ,d 0 a d\ble "o2 b s also 0 ! sodium l9e "u ^! conditions4 ,moreov]1 ea* l9e ( ! "o co9cid$ ) ea* l9e ( ! o!r4 ,! suspicion became /rong t x 0 ! sodium 9 ! sun :i* caus$ ! ,d l9e4 ,he !n ext5d$ ! comp>isons to o!r elem5ts4 ,he c>efully measur$ sixty bright l9es 9 ! spectrum ( iron2 & f\nd e "o ( ^! sixty l9es to correspond ) a d>k 9 ! sol> spectrum4 ,! ov]:elm+ probability ( a common cause = bo? 0 =c$ ^u him1 & by calculation he asc]ta9$ t ?is probability 0 z "o million million million to "o1 9 its favor4--,,locky]4 ,,add5dum4 ,! great ,sol> ,cone-space1 9 ord] to be cle>ly m>k$ to ! eye1 0 repres5t$ 9 ,plate ,i1 page #cj1 z :ite4 ,?is to "s read]s may be mislead+2 z ?is space :5 view$ transv]sely is n lum9\s1--x is n ev5 visible4 7,pl4 ,v47 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,v4 ,sol> ,cone1 ,or ,cone-,space4 ,outside ( ! atmosph]ic envelope ( all sph]es1 !re is only ! black ( inf9ite space4,e ,retro-action betwe5 ! e>? & visible & invisible sph]es1 gives to ! e>? ! light :i* x possesses dur+ ! night-season4 ,,footnotes3 ,e ,flamm>ian4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,! foll[+ typographical corrections h be5 made3 ,page x3 ,heat )\t combu/ion--,int]-curr5tsorig9al _h no hyph52 *ang$ to mat* page #de1 to :i* x ref]s ,page #fj3 back & =? to ma9ta9 ancomma remov$ equilibrium4 ,page #fd3 quotation m>k remov$,! c\rse ( a ballooni/ ,page #ajb3 quotation m>k add$,^! cl\ds sometimes range !mselves ,page #ajg3 quotation m>k add$,! ov]:elm+ probability ( a common cause ,! foll[+ inconsi/5t hyph5ation is z pr9t$3 ,page #db3 j su* a retro-act+ int]-communication4 ,page #gb3 might int]f]e ) ! int]communication ( light