,transcrib]'s note3 ,page numb]s 9 ?is book are indicat$ by numb]s enclos$ 9 curly braces1 e4g4 #ii4 ,!y h be5 locat$ :]e page breaks occurr$ 9 ! orig9al book4 ,= its ,index1 a page numb] has be5 plac$ only at ! />t ( t section4 ,footnotes h be5 r5umb]$ sequ5tially & mov$ to ! end ( _! respective *apt]s4 ,,fri5dly ,,visit+ ,,among ,,! ,,poor ,a ,h&book = ,*>ity ,work]s by ,,m>y ,e4 ,,ri*mond ,g5]al ,secret>y ( ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society ( ,baltimore ,new ,york ,! ,mac,millan ,company ,london3 ,mac,millan ,co41 ,ltd4 #aijg ,all rights res]v$ ,copyright1 #ahii1 by ,! ,mac,millan ,company4 ,set up & electrotyp$ ,janu>y1 #ahii4 ,repr9t$ ,novemb]1 #ahii2 ,febru>y1 #aijc2 ,febru>y1 #aijf2 ,novemb]1 #aijg4 v ,,preface ,?is little volume is int5d$ z a h&book = ^? :o are beg9n+ to d *>itable "w 9 ! homes ( ! poor1 :e!r z individuals or z repres5tatives ( "s *ur*1 or ( "s religi\s society1 su* z ! ,k+'s ,daught]s1 ! ,epwor? ,league1 or ! ,*ri/ian ,endeavor ,society4 ,! t]m fri5dly visitor does n apply to "o :o aimlessly visits ! poor = a little :ile1 )\t mak+ any ef=t to improve _! condition p]man5tly or to be a real fri5d to !m4 ,fri5dly visit+1 z di/+ui%$ f di/rict visit+1 orig9at$ ) ! *>ity organization societies1 "s ( :i* are indefatigable 9 tra9+ volunte]s to d effective "w 9 ! homes ( ! poor4 ,?\gh ,i %\ld be glad to f9d t my book 0 ( "s s]vice to ^! societies1 x 0 n prep>$ = _! use alone1 & no vi m5tion is made1 !re=e1 ( ! organization ( visitors into di/rict conf]5ces4 ,= inexp]i5c$ work]s1 :o ne$ lead]%ip 9 _! *>ity1 !re c be no bett] tra9+ ?an ! meet+s ( a well-organiz$ conf]5ce "u a capable *airman1 & ev5 ! mo/ exp]i5c$1 by keep+ 9 close t\* ) su* a conf]5ce1 c d m effective "w4 ,! sugge/ions h]e9 conta9$ are n to be tak5 z all applicable to ! "w ( any "o visitor4 ,fri5dly visitors t tri$ to adopt !m all w\ld h to ab&on _! o!r int]e/s1 & _! o!r int]e/s make !m m useful fri5ds to ! poor4 ,l ! words 9 a diction>y1 "s sugge/ions w be ( s]vice to a few work]s1 & o!rs w be f\nd applicable to ! "w ( _m4 ,9 addition to ! /&>d au?orities m5tion$ "u ,g5]al ,ref]5ces1 a li/ = supplem5t>y read+ w be f\nd at ! end ( ea* *apt]4 ,^! li/s are 9 no s5se a bibliography ( ! subject4 ,a h&book su* z ?is is *iefly useful 9 sugge/+ fur!r inquiry1 &1 = beg9n]s1 ,i h ?\ght be/ to include a numb] ( ref]5ces out ( ! vii beat5 track to /ories & magaz9e articles t seem$ illu/rative ( ! matt] 9 h&4 ,x w be se5 t ,i h borr[$ mu* 9 direct quotation 9 ! foll[+ pages f ^? :o h prec$$ me 9 writ+ ab\t ! poor1 b my debt does n end "h4 ,:atev] ,i may be said to "k ab\t *>itable "w--my :ole po9t ( view & inspiration 9 fact--c be trac$ to c]ta9 def9ite s\rces4 ,to "s ( ! lead]s ( ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society ( ,london1 to ,miss ,octavia ,hill1 ,mrs4 ,b]n>d ,bosanquet1 & ,mr4 ,c4 ,s4 ,lo*1 x w be evid5t to my read]s t my obligation is great4 ,x w be evid5t also t ,i h be5 help$ by ,mrs4 ,joseph9e ,%aw ,l[ell & o!r work]s 9 ,new ,york1 :o1 aga9/ su* odds1 are mak+ advances 9 ! re=m ( municipal abuses2 & by t gr\p too :o1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,miss ,jane ,addams1 h giv5 u1 at ,hull ,h\se 9 ,*icago1 s admirable an object lesson 9 ! p[] ( neighborl9ess4 ,b m ?an to any o!r tea*]s1 p]haps1 ,i am indebt$ to ^? memb]s ( ! ,associat$ ,*>ities :o organiz$ ,bo/on's fri5dly visitors n9ete5 ye>s ago1 & h viii l$ !m s9ce to increas+ usefulness4 ,_! reports h be5 my mo/ valuable s\rce ( in=mation4 ,if ,i d n "n also my fri5ds & fell[-work]s "h 9 ,baltimore1 x is n because ,i fail to be> !m individually mo/ gratefully 9 m9d4 ,,baltimore1 ,janu>y1 #ahii4 ix ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,,introduction 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,breadw9n] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ag ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,breadw9n] ,,at ,,home 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dd ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,homemak] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fd ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,*ildr5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gf ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,heal? 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ie ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,sp5d+ ,,& ,,sav+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ajh x ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,recreation 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #abg ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,relief 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #adj ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,*ur* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aff ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,fri5dly ,,visitor 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #agi ,,app5dix 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aig ,,index 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bai xii ,,g5]al ,,ref]5ces ,proce$+s ( ,national ,conf]5ces ( ,*>ities & ,correction1 #be volumes1 especially portions conta9+ reports ( sections on ,*ild-,sav+ & ,organization ( ,*>ities4 ,! ,conf]5ce ,reports con/itute ! be/ ,am]ican au?ority on *>ities4 ,special pap]s 9 ! ,reports are not$ 9 ?is book aft] ! appropriate *apt]s4 ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,congress ( ,*>ities1 ,correction & ,philan?ropy1 ,*icago1 #ahic1 especially volumes on ,c>e ( ,*ildr5 & ,organization ( ,*>ities4 ,publi%$ by ,johns ,hopk9s ,press1 ,baltimore4 ,homes ( ! ,london ,poor1 ,octavia ,hill4 ,= sale by ,new ,york ,/ate ,*>ities ,aid ,association1 #be c5ts4 ,essays1 ,octavia ,hill4 ,= sale by ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities2 price1 #aj c5ts4 ,ri* & ,poor1 ,mrs4 ,b]n>d ,bosanquet4 ,h[ to help ! ,poor1 ,mrs4 ,james ,t4 ,fields4 ,public ,relief & ,private ,*>ity1 ,mrs4 ,joseph9e ,%aw ,l[ell4 ,am]ican ,*>ities1 ,a4 ,g4 ,w>n]4 ,hull ,h\se ,maps & ,pap]s4 #a ,,fri5dly ,,visit+ ,,among ,,! ,,poor ,,*apt] ,i ,,introduction ,!re is a c]ta9 developm5t 9 ! ,engli% novel ( :i* ,i h long seem$ to be vaguely consci\s4 ,at "o "t ,i hop$ to set myself ! task ( trac+ x1 ?\gh ,i h s9ce rel9qui%$ all ?\ght ( ?is z too ambiti\s4 ,! movem5t--if1 inde$1 !re be su* a movem5t--has always pictur$ itself to my m9d z ! m>* ( ! pla9 & common p into ! =egr\nd ( ,engli% fiction4 ,i v5ture to introduce ! idea "h1 ?\gh x may appe> =eign to my subject1 z illu/rat+ ano!r & equally important movem5t 9 ! developm5t ( *>itable "w4 ,%\ld any "o ev] turn ov] ! pages ( our two c5turies' /ock ( novels1 ) a view #b to trac+ ?is gradual developm5t ( int]e/ 9 ! poor & un=tunate1 he w\ld f9d1 ( c\rse1 t facts h a tantaliz+ way ( mov+ 9 zigzags :5ev] "o is anxi\s t !y %\ld move =w>d 9 a /raight l9e2 b he w\ld probably f9d also t1 9 ! e>li] attempts ( ! novel writ] to picture ! poor1 !y 7 drawn z m]e puppets on :i* ! ri*ly end[$ h]oes & h]o9es ex]cis$ _! b5evol5ce4 ,v likely he w\ld discov] t1 :5 at la/ ! poor began to take an important "p 9 ! action ( ! /ory1 we 7 p]mitt$ to see !m at fir/ only ?r\gh a haze ( s5tim5tality1 s t1 all[+ = great advances 9 ! art ( novel writ+ betwe5 ! "t ( ,ri*>dson & ! "t ( ,dick5s1 we /ill %\ld f9d ! a/oni%+ *>act]izations ( ,pamela reflect$ 9 ! impossible virtues & melodramatic vices ( ,dick5s' poor p4 ,to ,miss ,edgewor? & ,scott fir/1 p]haps1 & to ,george ,eliot mo/ ( all1 we %\ld f9d ourselves indebt$ = fai?ful /udies ( pla9 p1--/udies made ) an eye s+le to #c ! object1 & leav+1 !re=e1 no unlovely trait slurr$ ov] or excus$1 yet giv+ u t p]fect und]/&+ ( e-day p :i* is ! only true basis ( sympa?y ) !m4 ,9 ,am]ica we are indebt$ to su* consci5ti\s arti/s z ,miss ,jewett & ,octave ,?anet = a simil> enl>gem5t ( our sympa?ies ?r\gh _! life-l pictures ( ! less sophi/icat$ p ( our own "t4 ,an ev5 m rec5t developm5t w\ld be f\nd 9 :at is call$ ! sociological novel4 ,mon/r\s & mis%ap5 z ?is mu/ seem to u (t51 if consid]$ z a "w ( art1 x w\ld h to be reckon$ ) 9 any inve/igation ( ! treatm5t ( pov]ty 9 fiction4 ,turn+ to ! treatm5t ( pov]ty 9 fact1 x is surely n altoge!r fanciful to ?9k t we c trace a simil> developm5t1--! m>* ( ! pla9 & common p into ! =egr\nd ( ! *>itable consci\sness4 ,"h1 too1 ! facts w n always travel 9 /raight l9es1 & ! great s\ls ( e>li] ages w be f\nd to h anticipat$ our be/ ?9k+2 b usually ! _w has fail$ 9 #d any ef=t to adopt _! high /&>ds4 ,speak+ r\ghly1 sev]al c5turies ( *>itable practice1 9 ! ,engli% _w at lea/1 are fairly well summ$ up 9 ! dogg]el v]ses ( t sixte5?-c5tury div9e1 quot$ by ,hobson1 :o c\nsell$ 8 flock1 ,yet cease n to give ,)\t any reg>d2 ,?\gh ! begg>s be wick$1 ,?\ %alt h ?y rew>d4 ,! _s ( ! m$iaeval *ur*1 too1 enc\rag$ *>itable giv+ 9 ! ma9 z a species ( fire insurance4 ,! poor1 :5 !y 7 ?\ght ( at all1 7 too likely to be reg>d$ z a means ( sav+ ! giv]'s s\l4 ,?is view ( pov]ty is ei!r q dead or dy+1 b ! s5tim5tal view1 :i* succe$$ x1 is /ill v common4 ,we are /ill incl9$ to take a conv5tional attitude t[>d ! poor1 see+ !m ?r\gh ! com=table haze ( our own excell5t int5tions1 & cont5t to "k t we wi% !m well1 )\t be+ at any great pa9s to "k !m z !y really are4 ,9 o!r words1 our int5tions are good1 b !y #e are n always good en\gh to lead u to take our *>itable "w q s]i\sly1 & f\nd x solidly ^u k & exp]i5ce4 ,b ! c5tury draw+ to a close has se5 two v important developm5ts 9 *>itable "w 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica2 developm5ts q z important 9 _! own field z ! advances ( ! c5tury 9 ! art ( fiction4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! wond]ful gr[? ( ! _s ( individual s]vice1 :i* has f\nd "o ( its highe/ expressions 9 ! "w ( fri5dly visitors 9 ! homes ( ! poor4 ,! second is ! new b vigor\s gr[? ( ! _s ( social s]vice1 :i* has f\nd its be/ expression 9 social & college settlem5ts4 ,x might be possible to prove t bo? ^! developm5ts are m]ely revivals1 t at sev]al /ages ( ! _w's hi/ory ! same ideas h be5 put =w>d "u o!r names2 b nev] be=e1 z x seems to me1 h !y f\nd su* g5]al recognition4 ,?is gives u ?ree tol]ably well-def9$ phases ( *>itable progress3 ! phases ( indiscrim9ate relief1 ( individual s]vice1 & #f ( social s]vice4 ,9 ! fir/ phase1 we are *>itable ei!r = ! sake ( our s\ls or else to gratify our own emotions4 ,9 ! second1 we are *>itable = ! sake ( ! individual poor man4 ,9 ! ?ird1 we are *>itable = ! sake ( ! class to :i* he belongs4 ,( ! dang]s ( indiscrim9ate relief1 x %\ld n be necess>y to speak1 = mu* has be5 writt5 on t subject2 b ! dang]s ( individual & social s]vice h n be5 s frequ5tly po9t$ out4 ,^! two =ms ( s]vice are v closely relat$4 ,x is impossible to treat ! individual poor man )\t affect+ ! condition ( 8 fell[s = bett] or worse1 & x is impossible to deal ) social conditions )\t affect+ ! units t compose society4 ,! problems ( pov]ty mu/ be attack$ f bo? sides1 !re=e1 & ?\gh ,i %all dwell p>ticul>ly ^u individual s]vice 9 ^! pages1 we %\ld rememb] t1 unless ?is s]vice is supplem5t$ by ! "w ( good citiz5s1 :o %all /rive to make our cities heal?i] & fre] f temptation1 our s*ool sy/em m #g ?or\gh & practical1 & our public *>ities m effective1 unless ?is public "w also is pu%$ =w>d1 our individual "w 9 ! homes ( ! poor w be l>gely 9 va94 ,i h said t !re 7 dang]s 9 bo? =ms ( s]vice4 ,9 "w ) individual poor families we are likely to =get t ^! are "p ( a neighborhood & community1 & t we h no "r to help !m 9 a way t w "w h>m to ! community4 ,we are always incl9$ to ?9k t ! p>ticul> family 9 :i* we are int]e/$ is an exceptional case1 & ! exceptional treatm5t lavi%$ ^u our exceptional case (t5 r\ses 9 a neighborhood hopes t x is impossible = u to fulfil4 ,!n1 too1 occupi$ z we are ) individuals1 we are likely to exagg]ate ! importance ( ^? causes ( pov]ty t h _! orig9 9 ! individual4 ,we are likely to ov] emphasize ! moral & m5tal lacks %[n 9 bad p]sonal habits1 su* z drunk5ness & lic5ti\sness1 9 ?riftlessness1 laz9ess1 or ineffici5cy2 & "s ( u are ev5 ra% en\gh to attribute all ! ills ( ! poor to dr9k or laz9ess4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^? #h :o are engag$ 9 social s]vice (t5 exagg]ate ! causes ( pov]ty t are ext]nal to ! individual4 ,bad indu/rial conditions & defective legislation seem to !m ! causes ( ne>ly all ! di/ress ar\nd !m4 ,settlem5t work]s are likely to say t ! suff]+s ( ! poor are due to conditions ov] :i* ! poor h no control4 ,! tru? lies some:]e betwe5 ^! two extremes2 ! fact be+ t ! p]sonal & social causes ( pov]ty act & react ^u ea* o!r1 *ang+ places z cause & z effect1 until !y =m a tangle t no ha/y1 impati5t j]k+ c unravel4 ,! *>ity work] & ! settlem5t work] h ne$ ( ea* o!r3 nei!r "o c af=d to ignore ! exp]i5ce ( ! o!r4 ,fri5dly visitors & all :o are try+ to improve conditions 9 poor homes %\ld welcome ! exp]i5ce ( ^? :o are /udy+ trade conditions & o!r m g5]al aspects ( que/ions affect+ ! welf>e ( ! poor4 ,b !y %\ld n p]mit !mselves to be swept away by en?usia/ic advocates ( social re=m f t safe middle gr\nd :i* recognizes t "* is at ! #i v c5tre ( ?is complicat$ problem2 "* 9 ! ri*1 :o owe ! poor ju/ice z well z m]cy1 & "* 9 ! poor1 :o are ma/]s ( _! fate to a great] degree ?an !y w recognize or ?an we w recognize = !m4 ,to ignore ! importance ( "* & ( ! discipl9e t makes "* is a common fault ( mod]n philan?ropy4 ,ri* & poor alike are pictur$ z ! victims ( circum/ances1 ( a wrong social ord]4 ,a political writ] has said t =m]ly1 :5 our =efa!rs became dissatisfi$1 !y pu%$ f>!r into ! wild]ness1 b t n[1 if any?+ goes wrong1 we run h[l+ to ,wa%+ton1 ask+ special legislation = our tr\bles4 ,symptoms are n lack+ ( a heal?y reaction f ?is undemocratic attitude ( m9d4 ,9 s f> z our *>itable "w affects x1 let u see to x t we d our "p 9 re/or+ a tone ( /urdy self-reliance & indep5d5ce to ! ,commonweal?4 ,turn+ f ^! m g5]al consid]ations1 x is propos$1 9 ?is book1 to treat ( v>i\s aspects ( ! home life ( ! poor z #aj affect$ by *>ity4 ,at ! v beg9n+1 h[ev]1 x may be well to inquire1 ,:o are ! poor8 ,if ?is 7 a /udy ( ! ne$s ( ! ri*1 we %\ld realize at once t !y are a difficult class to g5]alize ab\t2 ri* p are und]/ood to diff] widely f ea* o!r 9 ta/es1 aims1 virtues1 & vices4 ,! great1 conglom]ate class ( ! ri*--:i* is really no social class at all--has includ$ human be+s z diff]5t z ,"l ,%aftesbury & ,mr4 ,b>ney ,b>nato4 ,b x is ! v same ) ! poor2 & any ef=t to g among !m = ! purpose ( help+ !m t does n frankly recognize ?is wide div]sity1 mu/ end 9 failure4 ,! *>ity work] mu/ rid himself1 fir/ ( all1 ( ! conv5tional picture ( ! poor z always ei!r v abjectly ne$y1 or else v abjectly grateful4 ,he mu/ und]/& t an attitude ( patronage t[>d ! poor man is likely to put ! patron 9 z ridicul\s a position z ,mr4 ,pullet1 :5 he address$ 8 nephew1 ,tom ,tulliv]1 z ,"y ,sir4 ,^u :i* ,george ,eliot rem>ks3 ,a boy's %eepi%ness is by no means a sign ( ov]ma/]+ rev]5ce2 & :ile y are mak+ #aa enc\rag+ advances to him "u ! idea t he is ov]:elm$ by a s5se ( y\r age & wisdom1 t5 to "o he is ?9k+ y extremely que]4 ,! w\ld-be philan?ropi/1 :o is v consci\s ( himself & only vaguely consci\s ( ! object ( 8 b5evol5ce1 is likely to seem & to be extremely que]4 ,if ,i 7 writ+ ab\t ! ri*1 ,i %\ld be incl9$ to divide !m1 accord+ to _! attitude t[>d life1 into work]s & p>asites1 b ?is classification w s]ve = ! poor z well4 ,! motto ( ! work] is1 ,i owe ! _w a life1 & ! motto ( ! p>asite is1 ,! _w owes me a liv+4 ,:5 ! p>asite happ5s to be poor we call him a paup]2 b !re is a _w ( diff]5ce betwe5 pov]ty & paup]ism4 ,! poor man may become de/itute ?r\gh /ress ( circum/ances1 & be =c$ to accept *>ity1 b y\r true paup]1 be he ri* or poor1 has ! p>asitic habit ( m9d4 ,:5 we ask ourselves !n1 ,:o are ! poor8 we mu/ answ] t !y include widely div]g5t types ( "*1--! selfi% & ! #ab unselfi%1 ! noble & ! mean1 work]s & p>asites--& t1 9 go+ among !m1 we mu/ be prep>$ to meet human be+s diff]+ (t5 f ourselves1 x may be1 9 trivial & ext]nal ?+s1 b l ourselves 9 all else4 ,"s :o are ready en\gh to recognize ^! rudim5t>y facts ab\t ! poor1 "q our "r to g among !m ) ! object ( do+ !m good1 reg>d+ x z an imp]t95t int]f]5ce ) ! rights ( ! individual4 ,b ^? :o hold to ?is view seldom h ! c\rage ( _! convictions4 ,:5 !y see suff]+1 !y are v likely to int]f]e by s5d+ help1 ?\gh ?is well-meant int]f]5ce1 unaccompani$ by p]sonal k ( all ! circum/ances1 (t5 does m h>m ?an good1 & becomes a temptation r ?an a help4 ,we mu/ int]f]e :5 confront$ by human suff]+ & ne$4 ,:y n int]f]e effectively8 ,:y n d our be/ to remove ! causes ( ne$8 ,_m e>ne/ work]s 9 *>ity feel t social conditions c\ld be wond]fully improv$ if1 to e family 9 di/ress1 c\ld #ac be s5t a volunte] visitor1 :o w\ld seek out &1 ) pati5ce & sympa?y1 /rive to remove ! causes ( ne$4 ,su* a visitor mu/ h ! c\rage & self-control to conf9e 8 "w to a few families1 = x is impossible to "k _m well1 to und]/& all _! temptations & difficulties1 & s help !m effectively4 ,to supply e ne$y family ) a fri5d may seem an impossible ideal1 b if all :o are undo+ ea* o!r's "w to-day by do+ x twice ov]1 & if all :o n[ wa/e _! "t 9 unnecess>y *>ities1 7 s]i\sly to put !mselves 9 tra9+1 & conf9e _! "w to ! ?or\gh treatm5t ( a few families1 ! problem ( h[ to help ! poor w\ld be solv$4 ,! introduction to su* "w might come 9 _m ways4 ,x might come ?r\gh our natural relations z employ]s or neighbors or *ur* memb]s1 or x might come ?r\gh ! di/rict (fice ( a *>ity organization society1 = ^! societies usually make a specialty ( tra9+ volunte]s & ( e/abli%+ fri5dly relations betwe5 volunte] #ad visitors & ne$y families4 ,b come z x may1 an introduction c be made = u1 & we ne$ n ent] ! poor man's home z an intrud]4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t ! qualifications necess>y = *>itable "w4 ,x is possible to exagg]ate !m4 ,^? :o are unfamili> ) ! homes ( ! poor are likely to ?9k x unsafe to s5d "y & inexp]i5c$ p into poor neighborhoods4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re are _m good p 9 ! poore/ neighborhoods1 & "y work]s are z safe !re z any:]e4 ,9 an old note-book ,i f9d t ye>s ago ,i set d[n ! necess>y qualifications ( ! fri5dly visitor to be tact & good-w4 ,if we consid] t tact includes k1 ei!r in/9ctive or acquir$1 ?is may /ill /&4 ,we _c be tactful ) ^? ^: po9t ( view we fail to und]/&1 or d n ev5 /rive to und]/&4 ,! be/ helps t[>d su* an und]/&+1 & ! be/ tra9+ = *>itable "w1 mu/ come f life itself4 ,if we take no int]e/ 9 ! joys & sorr[s ( human be+s1 if we %[ #ae nei!r judgm5t nor en]gy 9 ! conduct ( our own affairs1 if life seem to u1 on ! :ole1 a flat & unpr(itable affair1 !n no am\nt ( read+ w trans=m u into good fri5dly visitors4 ,giv5 ! tactful1 k9dly _s1 ) a da% ( en]gy add$1 /udy & exp]i5ce c tea* u h[ to turn ^! to ! be/ acc\nt 9 ! s]vice ( o!rs4 ,our read+ mu/ be supplem5t>y to exp]i5ce1 ( c\rse1 & c 9 no wise take ! place ( x4 ,leav+ all fur!r g5]alization ab\t fri5dly visit+ = ! la/ *apt]1 9 ! foll[+ pages my po9t ( dep>ture w be ! organization ( ! poor man's home r ?an ! organization ( *>ity4 ,! head ( ! family z citiz51 employee1 husb&1 & fa!r2 ! wife z homemak]2 ! *ildr52 ! family heal? & recreations2 ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 sp5d+ & sav+2 ! pr9ciples ( effectual relief2 ! relations ( ! *ur* to ! poor1--^! w be consid]$ 9 turn4 ,necess>ily1 9 a book ( ?is size1 ! attempt mu/ be to sugge/ l9es ( inquiry & po9ts ( view1 #af r ?an to treat adequately any "o "p ( ! subject4 ,collat]al ,read+s3 ,individuality 9 ! ,"w ( ,*>ity1 ,george ,b4 ,buzelle 9 ,proce$+s ( ,?irte5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #ahe sq4 ,sci5tific ,*>ity1 ,mrs4 ,gl5d[] ,evans 9 ,proce$+s ( ,sixte5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #bd sq4 ,*apt]s on ,sci5tific ,*>ity 9 ,problems ( ,am]ican ,society1 ,j4 ,h4 ,crook]4 ,pap]s on ,social ,settlem5ts 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-?ird ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #ajf sq4 ,! ,causes ( ,pov]ty1 ,f4 ,a4 ,walk] 9 ,c5tury1 ,vol4 ,,lv1 pp4 #baj sq4 ,! ,jukes1 ,ri*>d ,dugdale4 ,tribe ( ,i%mael1 ,osc> ,mc,culloch 9 ,proce$+s ( ,fifte5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #aed sq4 ,! ,rooney ,family1 see ,*>les ,boo?'s ,life & ,labor ( ! ,p1 ,vol4 ,,viii1 pp4 #cag sq4 ,life 9 ,new ,york ,t5em5t ,h\ses1 ,william ,t4 ,els+ 9 ,scribn]'s1 ,vol4 ,,xi1 pp4 #fgg sq4 ,an ,exp]im5t 9 ,altruism1 ,miss ,m>g>et ,%]wood4 #ag ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,breadw9n] ,a conf]5ce 0 held 9 "o ( our l>ge cities lately ( half a doz5 *ur* & *>ity work]s1 :o _h be5 call$ toge!r to make "s plan or agree ^u "s common pr9ciple 9 deal+ ) a c]ta9 family1 to :om *>itable relief _h be5 giv5 9 an aimless way = _m ye>s ) no good result4 ,?ree *ur*es 7 repres5t$1 & ! p]sons pres5t _h visit$ & reliev$ ! family = p]iods rang+ f ?ree to t5 ye>s4 ,almo/ imm$iately1 h[ev]1 ! fact 0 br\ght out at ! conf]5ce t n "o ( ^! visitors _h ev] se5 ! man ( ! family1 or _h ev] made any ef=t to see him4 ,by way ( excuse "o visitor said %e _h always und]/ood t ! man 0 v good-=-no?+4 ,b happily !re is no bett] dispell] ( m5tal #ah fog ?an a fri5dly conf]5ce ( ^? :o are 9 e>ne/1 & x did n take long to conv9ce ^! conf]ees t ! man's good-=-no?+ness 01 9 "p at lea/1 _! own fault4 ,i %all h occasion to speak m ?an once1 9 ?is book1 ( ! p[] ( sugge/ion4 ,ev5 "h1 :]e ^! relief visitors _h nev] giv5 ! head ( ! family a ?\ght1 !y _h taught him a lesson4 ,f _! :ole l9e ( conduct he mu/ h receiv$ ! sugge/ion t 8 neglect ( 8 family 0 an affair ( no consequ5ce4 ,9 turn+ to ! details ( family life among ! poor1 ,i take ! breadw9n]1 or ! "o :o ought to be ! breadw9n]1 z my fir/ consid]ation = ! reason t he is s (t5 ignor$ altoge!r by *>ity work]s4 ,especially is ?is true ( *ur* work]s4 ,a *ur* work] came to me ! o!r day1 writes ,mrs4 ,bosanquet1 ab\t a family ( little *ildr51 conc]n+ :om he 0 greatly di/ress$4 ,he _h visit$ !m = mon?s1 & f\nd ! woman hone/1 /riv+1 & clean1 b z usually happ5s he knew v little ( ! man4 ,he assur$ me #ai ov] & ov] aga9 t ! family 0 9 a pitiable /ate ( pov]ty & 9 urg5t ne$ ( help2 & we at once set to "w to asc]ta9 ! real f9ancial position4 ,result3 man e>n+ #ces41 giv+ #bjs4 to 8 wife & keep+ #aes4 = pocket-money4 ,obvi\sly1 if *>ity /eps 9 "h1 x w n necess>ily improve ! /ate ( ! wife & *ildr5 at all2 x w m]ely enable ! man to keep a /ill l>g] proportion ( 8 wages = pocket-money4 #a ,b1 ?\gh ! *>ity work] may ignore ! man ( ! family1 !re are o!rs :o are wis]4 ,9 ! fir/ place he is a vot]1 & ! w>d-work]1 ! policeman1 & ! saloon-keep] nev] =get ?is fact4 ,an illu/ration ( ! policeman's int]e/ 9 ! vot] z an applicant = *>ity may be f\nd :]ev] ! police are all[$ to become di/ributors ( alms4 ,9 ,baltimore ! police h be5 all[$ to di/ribute relief intru/$ to !m by private citiz5s1 & h be5 9 ! habit ( mak+ public appeals = su* contributions to aid ! poor #bj 9 cold wea!r4 ,"o policeman1 :o _h a difficult beat1 :]e !re 7 _m t\ghs & crim9als1 said t ! di/ribution ( police relief made 8 "w easi]1 z t\ghs ^: families _h be5 reliev$ did n tr\ble him s mu*4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t1 dur+ ! h>d times ( #ahic-id1 political clubs vi$ ) ea* o!r ! c\ntry ov] 9 di/ribut+ aid4 ,lead]s ( ,tammany ,hall 7 %rewd en\gh to urge _! foll[]s to organize relief di/ributions 9 e di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,x is well to realize t mu* ( ! political corruption ( our l>ge cities may be trac$ to ! simple fact t ! poor man is l ourselves3 he foll[s ! lead]s p]sonally kn[n to him1 & to :om he is p]sonally kn[n4 ,he is sometimes a v5al vot]1 b m (t5 he is only an ignorant vot]1 :o1 :ile innoc5tly foll[+ ! man t has tak5 ! tr\ble to d him a favor or to be socially agreeable to him1 is h&icapp+ himself & 8 *ildr5 ) dirty /reets1 an unsanit>y home1 an ov]cr[d$ s*ool1 an insuffici5t wat] supply1 #ba blackmail+ (ficials1 & all ^? o!r abuses ( city gov]nm5t :i* press ) peculi> h>d%ip ^u ! poor4 ,! "q ( municipal re=m is inextricably connect$ ) any ef=t to improve ! condition ( ! poor 9 _! homes1 & no *>ity work] c af=d to ignore ?is connection4 ,9 ,problems ( ,mod]n ,democracy1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,l4 ,godk9 says3 ,no?+ is m surpris+ 9 ! attempt to deal ) ! problems ( urban life ?an ! way 9 :i* religi\s & philan?ropic p ignore ! close connection betwe5 municipal politics & ! v>i\s evils ab\t :i* !y are mo/ conc]n$4 ,all ! *ur*es occupy !mselves1 9 a great] or less degree1 ) ! moral condition ( ! poor4 ,*>itable associations sp5d hundr$s ( ?\s&s e ye> 9 try+ to improve _! physical condition4 ,a conf]5ce ( ,prote/ant m9i/]s met 9 ?is city two ye>s ago to consid] ! be/ means ( reviv+ religi\s int]e/ among ! work+ classes & induc+ a l>g] numb] ( !m to att5d *ur* on ,sundays4 ,( c\rse ^! g5tlem5 did n #bb seek an increase 9 ! numb] ( *ur*-go]s z an end 9 itself4 ,! ,prote/ant *ur*es d n1 z ! ,ca?olic *ur* does1 ascribe any s]i\s spiritual efficacy to m]e bodily pres5ce at religi\s wor%ip4 ,prote/ant m9i/]s ask p to g to *ur* 9 ! hope t ! words :i* !y w he> ) _! outw>d e>s may be s graft$ inw>dly 9 _! he>ts t !y may br+ =? ! fruit ( good liv+4 ,:at 0 rem>kable 9 ! debates ( ?is conf]5ce1 !re=e1 0 ! abs5ce ( any m5tion ( ! v successful rivalry ) religion :i*1 z an influ5ce on ! poor & ignorant =eign population1 politics 9 ?is city c>ries on4 ,! same ?+ may be said1 mutatis mut&is1 ( ! *>itable associations4 ,no "o w\ld get f _! spee*es or reports an inkl+ ( ! solemn fact t ! newly arriv$ immigrant :o settles 9 ,new ,york gets t5fold m ( 8 notions ( ,am]ican "r & wrong f city politics ?an he gets f ! city mission>ies1 or ! s*ools1 or ! mission *apels2 & yet su* is ! case4 ,i believe x is q )9 ! tru? to #bc say t1 z a moral influ5ce on ! poor & ignorant1 ! cl]gyman & philan?ropi/ are hopelessly di/anc$ by ! politician4 #b ,x has be5 said t1 9 ! ef=t to e/abli% fri5dly relations ) a poor man1 (t5 ! greate/ lack is a common topic4 ,"h is at lea/ "o topic t ri* & poor h 9 common4 ,"h x w be f\nd too t !y h _m grievances 9 common1 & :at makes a bett] beg9n+ = a fri5dly relation ?an a common grievance8 ,ano!r common topic1 & a relat$ "o1 is ! news ( ! day4 ,m (t5 ?an n1 ev5 ! v poor read ! daily pap]s4 ,beside ! w>d politician1 ! saloon-keep]1 & ! policeman1 !re are o!rs :o take an int]e/ 9 ! breadw9n]4 ,if he is injur$1 or 8 prop]ty is injur$1 !re are ?ird-rate lawy]s ready to br+ suit = half ! proce$s--an unduly exp5sive arrangem5t = ! man t has a good claim4 ,if he w\ld save1 !re are ag5ts ( uns\nd f9ancial s*emes ready to take advantage ( 8 ignorance4 ,if he w\ld borr[1 !re are #bd *attel-mortgage %>ks ready to burd5 him ) a debt at ru9\s int]e/4 ,if he w\ld buy1 !re are in/alm5t deal]s ready to tempt him into buy+ m ?an he c af=d1 & ready to *>ge two prices = _! w>es4 ,:ole indu/ries are creat$ to take advantage ( 8 lack ( %rewdness1 & e ef=t ( 8 to get on1 to get out ( ! old groove1 is resi/$ by su* ag5cies4 ,surely1 if any "o /&s 9 ne$ ( a fri5d1 :o w pati5tly /rive to see ! _w ?r\gh 8 eyes1 & yet w h ! c\rage to tell him ! pla9 tru?1 x is ! breadw9n]4 ,b t picture w\ld be a di/ort$ "o :i* repres5t$ ! poor man z fri5dless save = ! politicians4 ,8 neighbors & companions are 9 no position to protect him f ! foes ,i h m5tion$1 b _! neighborl9ess is none ! less g5u9e4 ,mo/ pati5t & long-suff]+ ( neighbors are ! small l&lords :o sublet4 ,! tradesm5 9 poor neighborhoods are also heavy los]s4 ,:5 a family applies = ! fir/ "t to a *ur* or *>ity1 x (t5 means t !y h be5 aid$ mo/ g5]\sly = a long #be "t by neighbors & small deal]s4 ,sometimes "o happ5s ^u ! v be/ & mo/ ?\ghtful *>ity giv5 9 ?is way4 ,a ,bo/on work] tells ( a /reet-c> conductor1 n only support$ ?r\gh ! w9t] by 8 fell[-conductors1 b fai?fully nurs$ by !m at night1 ea* "o tak+ turns aft] ! long day's "w4 ,su* glimpses z ?is %[ u h[ que] is our usual *>itable p]spective1 9 :i*1 z 9 a picture on a ,*9ese fan1 we see ! *ur* /eeple 9 ! middle di/ance & ! *ur* visitor loom+ l>ge 9 ! =egr\nd1 :ile ! poor little object ( *>ity1 q helpless & alone save = u1 huddles 9 a corn]4 ,! fact is t e life has a backgr\nd1 if we w b take ! tr\ble to see & und]/& x3 all ! b>r5ness is 9 our own imag9ations4 ,:5 ! poor man attempts to be *>itable )\t k1 he is j z clumsy z ! re/ ( u4 ,writ+ ( ,! ,attitude ( ,work+m5 t[>d ,mod]n ,*>ity1 ,miss ,cl>e de ,graff5reid says3 ,a notable in/ance ( reckless giv+ came "u my obs]vation j aft] ! great /rike 9 ! m9+ regions1 #bf :5 a man :o _h lo/ bo? arms w5t begg+ 9 ,georges ,creek ,valley4 ,h[ he 0 maim$1 :e!r he 0 wor?y1 prov$ immat]ial4 ,nor does x appe> t he 0 ev5 a m9]2 b he ask$ alms at all ! m9es4 ,n[ ! m9]s _h _h no money s9ce !y 7 paid (f = ,april1 ! /rike hav+ begun on ! #g? ( ,may & hav+ la/$ until ! #a/ ( ,july1 :ile "s work]s 7 unable to secure employm5t until lat]4 ,aft] two mon?s & m ( idl5ess ! m5 _h ei!r us$ _! sav+s to live on or 7 deeply 9 debt1 or bo?4 ,!y c\ld hope = no money until _! ,july labor 0 paid = 9 ,augu/4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,july came ?is armless /rang]1 :o p]sonally solicit$ ^! big-he>t$ coal digg]s1 & receiv$1 )\t inve/igation on _! "p1 writt5 subscriptions = v>i\s am\nts1 to be )held next pay-day f _! wages4 ,f ! m9es ( "o company alone ! man pres5t$ to ! payma/] ord]s am\nt+ to ?ree hundr$ doll>s2 & ! sup]9t5d5t believes t ?is "o begg> dur+ a %ort /ay 9 ! ,valley obta9$ fully a #bg ?\s& doll>s1 if n m4 ,nor did ! ent]pris+ m5dicant tr\ble himself to rema9 to collect ^! sums 9 p]son4 ,he gave a ,*icago address to :i* *ecks = ! total am\nts subscrib$ 9 ea* m9e 7 s5t2 & he w5t away to '"w' "s o!r field4 #c ,^! facts /& side by side4 ,! poor man is (t5 able to d ! v be/ *>itable "w1 act+1 ) a full k ( ! circum/ances1 ) quick sympa?y1 & entire unselfi%ness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 consid]ations ( public welf>e1 or conditions outside 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce complicate ! situation1 8 *>ity is sometimes reckless & h>mful4 ,ano!r fact to be> 9 m9d is t ! ties ( neighborl9ess & mutual dep5d5ce among ! poor c be weak5$ by a *>ity t leaves su* natural & heal?ful relations out ( acc\nt4 ,! poor 9 ri* neighborhoods1 or 9 neighborhoods :]e alms are lavi%ly giv51 are less k9d to ea* o!r1 & ! :ole tone ( a neighborhood c be l[]$1 #bh mi/ru/ & jeal\sy be+ sub/itut$ = neighborly helpfulness1 by undiscrim9at+ doles f ^? ^: k9dly b condesc5d+ attitude has q bl9d$ !m to ! ev]yday facts ( ! neighborhood life4 ,!re are "s :o ?9k x a pity t1 out ( _! sl5d] /ore1 ! poor %\ld give to ! /ill poor]2 !y feel t ! ri* %\ld relieve ! poor ( ?is burd54 ,b relief giv5 )\t ref]5ce to fri5ds & neighbors is accompani$ by moral loss2 poor neighborhoods are doom$ to gr[ poor] & m sordid1 :5ev] ! natural ties ( neighborl9ess are weak5$ by our well-meant b un9tellig5t int]f]5ce4 ,turn+ to ! breadw9n] z an employee1 we are confront$ ) ! grave/ que/ions n[ occupy+ public att5tion3 ) ! organization ( labor1 ! /rike1 ! lock\t1 ! rights ( capital1 ! problem ( ! unemploy$1 & ( ! unskill$ labor]4 ,! tru? ab\t ^! matt]s1 ev5 if "o 7 s =tunate z to possess ! tru? ab\t !m1 is n to be /at$ 9 a p>agraph or a *apt]4 #bi ,only 9 s f> z !y directly conc]n ! fri5dly visitor to ! families ( ! lea/ =tunate class ( work]s1 c que/ions ( employm5t be ev5 m5tion$ 9 ^! pages4 ,! m ! visitor /udies & ?9ks ( !m1 h[ev]1 ! bett] fri5d he c be to ! poor4 ,p>tly because !y are difficult1 & p>tly because our prejudices are involv$1 ! *>itable are too prone to dodge economic issues4 ,we %\ld ask ourselves fe>lessly ! object ( all our *>itable "w4 ,z ,mrs4 ,bosanquet says3 ,we ne$ to be q sure t we really want to cure pov]ty1 to d away ) x root & bran*4 ,unless we are work+ ) a :ole-he>t$ & g5u9e desire t[>d ?is end1 we %all get little satisfaction f our ef=ts2 b ^? :o %>e unres]v$ly 9 ?is desire are comp>atively few at pres5t4 ,only ! o!r day ,i he>d x said t x 0 a v d\btful policy to aim at cur+ pov]ty1 = t 9 ! abs5ce ( pov]ty ! ri* w\ld h no "o ^u :om to ex]cise _! faculty ( b5evol5ce2 & ,i believe t ?is 0 b an outspok5 #cj expression ( a feel+ :i* is /ill v preval5t1 ! feel+ t !re is some?+ preorda9$ & "r 9 ! social dep5d5ce ( "o class ^u ano!r4 ,!re is ! lurk+ fe>1 also1 t if ! work+ classes get too indep5d5t ! ri* man may suff] = x4 ',x won't d1' said "o wise lady1 'to make !m too indep5d5t2 !y g & jo9 trade-unions1 & a fri5d ( m9e lo/ q a lot ( money because 8 workm5 jo9$ a trade-union4' ,?is is q 9 ! ve9 ( ! old ,qu>t]ly ,review]1 :o summ$ up ! curr5t objections to ! ,ow5ite s*emes ( cop]ation z '! fe> t ! work+ classes might become s indep5d5t t ! unwork+ classes w\ld n h suffici5t control ov] !m1 & w\ld be ultimately oblig$ to "w = !mselves4' #d ,! ability ( ! fri5dly visitor to put beh9d him 8 own p]sonal prejudices & selfi% int]e/s1 & look at all que/ions ( employm5t ) ref]5ce to ! be/ int]e/s ( ! work]s1 is ( ! fir/ importance4 ,su* que/ions are (t5 v complicat$4 #ca ,an inquiry 0 s5t out 9 #ahif to ! *>ity organization societies ( ! c\ntry1 ask+ :e!r ^! societies approv$ ( supply+ work]s to take ! place ( /rik+ employees4 ,! answ]s1 z report$ 9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,tw5ty-?ird ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1#e seem to take x = grant$ t ei!r all /rikes are equally ju/ifiable or else equally unju/ifiable2 ! fact be+1 ( c\rse1 t "s /rikes are entirely ju/ifiable1 t o!rs are q ! rev]se1 & t /ill o!rs1 :i* are ju/ifiable at "o /age1 become unju/ifiable at ano!r /age1 :]e ! gr\nd ( cont5tion has be5 %ift$4 ,x is ab\t su* complicat$ relations z ^! t we mu/ in=m ourselves :5 we d>e to int]f]e1 & *>itable societies _c af=d to adopt any pat5t =mula ) reg>d to !m2 !y mu/ be c\rage\s en\gh & intellig5t en\gh to be> _! "p 9 ! solution ( indu/rial que/ions4 ,! individual fri5dly visitor may be call$ ^u at any "t to advise an unemploy$ #cb workman ^: only imm$iate *ance ( "w is 9 replac+ a /rik]4 ,8 family may be de/itute1 & _! tr\bles may press heavily ^u ! visitor1 :o sees 9 ! (f]$ "w an easy solution ( _! difficulties4 ,b ! visitor's duty t[>d ! family does n end ) _! mat]ial ne$s1 &1 unless ! man :o replaces ! /rik] is sure t ! /rike des]ves to fail1 he w h done an unmanly ?+ 9 betray+ 8 natural allies4 ,all "q ( ! "r ( individual contract aside1 he w h injur$ himself1 he w be a mean] man & a less wor?y head ( a family4 ,*>ity _c af=d to ignore ?is possible result = any tempor>y & mat]ial advantage4 ,nor w x be en\gh = ! fri5dly visitor to believe t ! p>ticul> /rike is an unju/ifiable "o2 ! man himself mu/ believe x4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 a man is /rong] & /eadi] = hav+ a trade t is well organiz$1 "o t has its trade code ( e?ics4 ,x is safe to say1 !re=e1 t a visitor is ju/ifi$ 9 advis+ non-union m5 to jo9 trade-unions1 & t he is n #cc committ+ himself to an endorsem5t ( e act ( e trade-union 9 s do+4 ,b applicants = *>ity are n usually skill$ workm51 & mo/ ( ! "w ( ! fri5dly visitor w be ) ^? ^: occupations are /ill unorganiz$1 ) port]s1 day-labor]s1 /ev$ores1 etc4 ,9 spite ( _m ass]tions to ! contr>y1 x w\ld seem t1 9 ord9>y times1 !re is /ill "w some:]e = ^? :o h ! w & ! skill to d x4 ,! *>ity work] has disc\ragem5ts en\gh )\t all[+ himself to be demoraliz$ by ! wild talk ab\t millions ( skill$ work]s out ( "w4 ,dur+ times ( panic1 ev51 ! numb] ( ! unemploy$ is (t5 grossly exagg]at$4#f ,! fact :i* mo/ directly conc]ns u is t a l>ge majority ( ^? :o are ?r[n ^u *>ity ?r\gh lack ( employm5t are ei!r incapable or are unfit = s]vice ?r\gh bad habits1 bad temp]1 lack ( ref]5ces1 ignorance ( ,engli%1 or ?r\gh "s physical defect4 ,exp]i5ce has prov5 t a c]ta9 proportion ( ^! c be #cd re9/at$ 9 ! labor m>ket if we are c>eful 7#a7 n to make x too easy = !m to live )\t "w1 7#b7 if we w use e p]sonal endeavor to fit !m = "s k9d ( "w1 & 7#c7 help !m to f9d & keep ! "w = :i* !y are fitt$4 ,"* is n cut 9 m>ble2 x is n some?+ solid & unalt]able4 ,x is some?+ liv+ & *ang+1 & may become diseas$ z our bodies d4 #g ,l our bodies1 too1 x may be made :ole aga9 by skilful treatm5t4 ,^? :o are simply incapable1 )\t bad habits or o!r defects1 are (t5 ! victims ( _! p>5ts' necessities or gre$3 !y 7 put to "w too e>ly1 & at "w :]e !re 0 no *ance ( education or promotion4 ,sometimes !y h be5 wilfully c>eless & lazy1 b1 m (t51 ! fault 0 ei!r ) ! p>5ts or ) an economic condition t d5i$ !m prop] tra9+4 ,( all ?is we %all he> 9 connection ) ! *ildr51 b our pres5t conc]n is ) ! breadw9n]4 ,! man :o does n "k h[ is ! football ( #ce indu/ry2 employ$ 9 "w requir+ no?+ b muscle1 promptly dis*>g$ because easily replac$1 he drifts f job to job1 &1 at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>1 be+ unable to adapt himself or easily *ange f "o k9d ( "w to ano!r1 he is almo/ c]ta9 to be unemploy$4 ,miss ,octavia ,hill calls att5tion to ?is 9 ,homes ( ! ,london ,poor4 #h ,! fluctuations ( "w cause to respectable t5ants ! ma9 difficulties 9 pay+ _! r5t4 ,i h tri$ to help !m 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 by induc+ !m to save2 ?is !y h done /eadily1 & ea* autumn has f\nd !m ) a small fund accumulat$1 :i* has enabl$ !m to meet ! difficulties ( ! "t :5 families are out ( t[n4 ,9 ! second place1 ,i h done :at ,i c\ld to employ my t5ants 9 slack seasons4 ,i c>efully set aside any "w !y c d = times ( sc>city1 & ,i try s to equalize 9 ?is small circle ! irregul>ity ( "w1 :i* mu/ be m or less p]nici\s1 & :i* ! *ildi%ness ( ! poor makes d\bly s4 ,!y h #cf /rangely little p[] ( look+ =w>d2 a result is to !m z no?+ if x w n be p]ceptible until next qu>t]6 ,?is plan ( equaliz+ "w by sav+ our odd jobs = dull seasons is "o way ( help+4 ,ano!r is to seek li/s ( unskill$ & seasonal occupations t d n ov]lap4 ,"s "w is naturally w9t] "w1 & "s naturally belongs to ! summ] season4 ,! ice companies 9 ,baltimore employ _! work]s 9 w9t] by comb9+ ! coal bus9ess ) ! ice bus9ess1 &1 on ?is pr9ciple1 a li/ c\ld be drawn up = ea* community ( occupations t d n ov]lap4 ,no li/ c be giv5 "h1 because ! conditions ( "w v>y 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,:5 we furni% "w ourselves we mu/ be c>eful n to conf\nd ! employ] ) ! fri5d4 ,a visitor 0 int]e/$ 9 a woman :o ne$$ "w v mu*1 & h]self employ$ h]1 writes ! secret>y ( ! ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 ,miss ,z4 ,d4 ,smi?4 ,once or twice x happ5$ t ! woman _h to g to c\rt 9 ! morn+1 & came at t5 in/ead ( eight1 or aga9 ! visitor #cg let h] (f e>ly1 b %e always paid h] = ! :ole day4 ,! visitor 0 advis$ t 9 ! long run x 0 unwise n to pay h] by ! h\r1 z 0 ! cu/om1 b %e 0 n conv9c$ until1 hav+ got "w = h] among h] neighbors1 !y compla9$ t %e came at t5 in/ead ( eight1 & expect$ pay = ! :ole day1 & !y w\ld n employ h] long]4 ,! relief ! visitor gave1 disguis$ z pay1 defeat$ h] ef=ts to help ! woman to self-support4 #i ,bad habits z a cause ( unemploym5t w be consid]$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,z to ! man :o loses 8 "w ?r\gh bad temp]1 x is well to be> 9 m9d t !re are _m degrees ( badness ( temp]1 & ! bad temp] t comes f worry or ill heal? mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$ f innate ugl9ess4 ,lack ( ref]5ces1 ano!r cause ( unemploym5t1 does n always mean a bad record4 ,unskill$ work]s are (t5 p]sonally unkn[n to _! employ]s1 & ! k t a visitor c acquire by te/+ a work] may become a great help to him4 ,:5 a #ch man has "s physical defect1 su* z an imp$im5t 9 8 spee*1 or a crippl$ arm1 only "o :o takes a p]sonal int]e/ 9 him c ov]come ! prejudice creat$ by 8 defect4 ,(t5 su* p h qualities t w\ld recomm5d !m1 b !y are awkw>d 9 plead+ _! own cause or 9 f9d+ _! "r ni*e4 ,! foll[+ illu/rations ( timely help 9 f9d+ employm5t are tak5 f ! ,tw5ty-eigh? ,report ( ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society ( ,london4#aj ,"o 0 a quiet1 hone/ "y fell[1 a g>d5]1 :o _h lately come out ( a lunatic asylum1 8 insanity be+ due1 x appe>$1 to e> tr\ble1 involv+ a pa9ful op]ation4 ,he _h be5 "s mon?s 9 ! asylum1 & on com+ out 0 at "s loss to obta9 regul> employm5t4 ,! ,committee1 hav+ ?or\ghly inve/igat$ ! case & satisfi$ !mselves ( ! safety ( recomm5d+ ! "y man1 issu$ a circul> to g>d5]s & nurs]ym51 :i* got him a job )9 a week4 ,! o!r man _h be5 notic$ 9 ! infirm>y--a big1 /rong fell[1 #ci mo/ ( 8 life a seaman1 & "p ( x on bo>d an ,am]ican man-(-w>1 till he met ) an accid5t result+ 9 ! loss ( "o ( 8 legs4 ,!n he _h to come a%ore1 & a re/less1 rov+ disposition l$ him to tramp ab\t ! c\ntry1 & br\ght him on "o occasion be=e a ,london police magi/rate = attempt+ to commit suicide4 ,inquiry %[$ t ! man c\ld "w h>d1 &1 /range to say ( a man ov] six feet high & broad 9 proportion1 0 h&y ) 8 ne$le at embroid]y1 etc4 ,! ,committee kept him a few nights at a common lodg+-h\se--= he 0 homeless s9ce leav+ ! infirm>y--& !n by great good =tune got him "w at a t5t & sail mak]'s1 :]e n[1 "s half a ye> lat]1 he is e>n+ 8 #cs4 #f;d4 a day4 ,x is to be not$ t nei!r ( ^! m5 0 able-bodi$4 ,! ,society does n try to f9d "w = ord9>y1 able-bodi$ m54 ,ignorance ( ,engli% has be5 giv5 z ano!r cause ( lack ( employm5t1 b ?is is n irremovable4 ,aft] _m days' se>*+1 "w 0 f\nd = ,mr4 ,h4 & 8 son1 ^: ignorance ( our language 0 s entire #dj t !y fail$ to get employm5t1 & 7 9 despair4 ,at ! e>ne/ reque/ ( ! visitor1 a furniture deal] cons5t$ to take !m on trial2 & !y prov$ s satisfactory t !y h n[ be5 employ$ a ye>1 & _! pay increas$4 #aa ,a few cautions are necess>y4 ,! *>ities ( a l>ge city (t5 attract f ! c\ntry ^? = :om !re is no economic place4 ,our immigration laws h all[$ _m to come to ,am]ica = :om !re is no place1 & *>ity has kept !m alive "h1 kn[+ ! :ile t !y are =c+ d[n ! /&>d ( liv+ among our poor1 & complicat+ ! problem incalculably at e turn4 ,b1 z conc]ns int]/ate emigration1 & ! migration f c\ntry to city1 *>ity %\ld n be s helpless4 ,x is )9 our p[] to refuse1 by *>itable aid1 to settle ! man :o _c settle himself 9 a community :]e he does n belong4 ,x is (t5 do+ o!r work]s a wrong to e/abli% him & f9d "w = him :]e he has no claim4 ,! attractions ( a l>ge city are great en\gh )\t add+ #da any su* artificial help to ov]cr[d+4 ,our ef=t1 on ! contr>y1 %\ld be to get back into c\ntry life ^? families t are f\nd to be really fitt$ = x4 ,adv]tise 9 c\ntry pap]s1 int]e/ fri5ds 9 ! c\ntry 9 f9d+ places = families1 & d n fail to keep up communication ei!r by lett] or occasional visits ) families s plac$4#ab ,"o m caution4 ,x helps a man to "k t "s "o c>es & w help him to f9d "w2 b x cripples him to let him feel t he c sit idle & let 8 fri5d d all ! se>*+ & worry+4 ,s5d a man to f9d "w1 & g ) him to a special place2 b nev] g f place to place seek+ x = him4 ,develop 8 res\rces1 %[ an int]e/ 9 all 8 ef=ts1 & enc\rage him to r5ew$ ef=t4 ,x has be5 claim$ t only m5 & m5 ( bus9ess exp]i5ce c be successful fri5dly visitors :]e ! head ( ! family is conc]n$2 t1 9 matt]s ( employm5t especially1 a woman visitor is n capable ( giv+ s\nd advice4 ,x is und\bt$ly true #db t su* "w c\ld be bett] done if m m51 in/ead ( cont5t+ !mselves ) s]vice on *>itable bo>ds1 w\ld take ! tr\ble to become p]sonally acqua9t$ ) a few poor families4 ,?is w\ld be bett] = ! bo>ds & bett] = ! m5 t are *>itable tru/ees4 ,b ! woman visitor ne$ n despair4 ,x is true t %e c\ld d h] "w bett]1 z w appe> 9 ?is book1 if %e 7 9 h] own p]son a lawy]1 a sanit>y eng9e]1 a tra9$ cook1 a k9d]g>tn]1 & an exp]t f9anci]2 b %e may be none ( ^! ?+s & /ill be a v good fri5dly visitor4 ,:5 legal complications arise1 %e w g to "s fri5d :o is a lawy]2 :5 ! *ildr5 get into tr\ble1 %e w consult a tea*]1 or an ag5t ( ! *ildr5's aid society1 &1 9 ! same way1 ! matt] ( employm5t w s5d h] to a bus9ess man1 or "s "o :o c advise h]1 :5 h] own /ore ( exp]i5ce is too scant4 ,! poor man (t5 has a mean op9ion ( ! judgm5t ( *>itable ladies1 & ?is op9ion has n always be5 )\t a degree ( ju/ification2 b ! visitor :o #dc takes ! tr\ble to g on ,sunday & get acqua9t$ ) ! m5 folk1 or makes occasion = !m to come to h] h\se f "t to "t1 :o proves h]self1 moreov]1 n )\t res\rce or common s5se z em]g5cies arise1 w soon ov]come ?is prejudice & become ! fri5d ( e memb] ( ! family4 ,collat]al ,read+s3 ,! ,settlem5t & ,municipal ,re=m1 ,james ,b4 ,reynolds 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-?ird ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #ach sq4 ,b5evol5t ,features ( ,trades-,unions1 ,john ,d4 ,flannigan 9 ! same1 pp4 #aed sq4 ,! ,e?ical ,basis ( ,municipal ,corruption1 ,miss ,jane ,addams 9 ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 = ,april1 #ahih4 ,! ,work]s1 ,walt] ,a4 ,wyck(f4 ,work+ ,p & _! ,employ]s1 ,wa%+ton ,gladd54 ,problem ( ! ,unemploy$1 ,hobson4 ,! ,unemploy$1 ,ge(frey ,drage4 ,korbey's ,=tune1 ,william ,t4 ,els+ 9 ,scribn]'s1 ,vol4 ,,xvi1 pp4 #eij sq4 #a ,ri* & ,poor1 p4 #baa4 #b pp4 #ada sq4 #c ,*>ities ,record1 ,baltimore1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #f4 #d ,ri* & ,poor1 pp4 #ach sq4 #e pp4 #bdb sq4 #f ,see ,w>n]'s ,am]ican ,*>ities1 pp4 #agg sq4 #g ,george ,eliot 9 ,daniel ,d]onda4 #h pp4 #bb sq4 #i ,*>ities ,review1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #ed4 #aj p4 #aa4 #aa ,?irte5? ,report ( ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 p4 #db4 #ab ,see ,*>ities ,review1 ,vol4 ,,vi1 pp4 #djb sq4 #dd ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,breadw9n] ,,at ,,home ,we h consid]$ ! breadw9n] z work]1 neighbor1 & citiz52 we n[ turn to ! breadw9n] z husb& & fa!r4 ,x has be5 said t ! home is n only ! true unit ( society1 b t x is ! *>itable unit z well1 & t :5 we deal ) any?+ less ?an a :ole family1 we deal ) fractions4 ,mu* ( our *>itable "w is /ill fractional4 ,x n infrequ5tly happ5s1 = in/ance1 t ! memb]s ( "o poor family w come 9 contact ) doz5s ( *>itable p repres5t+ _m =ms ( *>itable activity1 & t none ( ^! w ev] h consid]$ ! family z a :ole4 ,! ,sunday-s*ool tea*]1 ! k9d]g>tn]1 ! day nurs]y manag]1 ! fre% air *>ity ag5t1 ! di/rict nurse1 ! ob/etric nurse1 ! *ur* almon]1 ! #de city mission>y1 ! relief ag5t1 ! head ( ! mo!rs' meet+1 ! guild tea*]1 ! manag] ( ! boys' brigade or girls' fri5dly1--all ^! w h t\*$ ! family at "s po9t1 b w nev] h tak5 ! tr\ble to make a picture ( ! family life z a :ole1 & ( ! effect ( _! *>ity ^u x4 ,!y may h assum$ important responsibilities n[ & aga91 home responsibilities t belong$ prim>ily to memb]s ( ! family1 & help$ to hold ! family toge!r2 b ! *ances are t !y w none ( !m h work$ cont9u\sly or ?or\ghly en\gh to le>n f _! blund]s or to repair _! mi/akes4 ,i h m5tion$ home responsibilities4 ,let u consid]1 = a mom5t1 :at ^! are4 ,!y h an old-fa%ion$ & cons]vative s\nd1 b ! fundam5tal facts ( life are old-fa%ion$4 ,! man is /ill ! head ( ! normal family1 &1 z ! head1 /ill owes 8 be/ endeavor to secure = ! o!r memb]s ( ! family ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,! wife's "p 9 ! family is to trans=m ! means provid$ into a home4 ,! *ildr51 #df = _! "p1 %\ld be tea*able & ob$i5t2 &1 z _! own /r5g? waxes & _! p>5ts' wanes1 !y %\ld /& ready to provide = fa!r & "m bo? ! means ( subsi/5ce & ! home environm5t4 ,^! are ! prosaic b fundam5tal elem5ts ( home life1 &1 :5 !y are lack+1 nei!r ! m>riage c]emony1 nor ! sanctions ( law & cu/om1 c prev5t ! home f becom+ a %am home1 a bre$+ place ( s9 & social disord]4 ,x is my mis=tune t1 9 attempt+ to meet ! ne$s ( ^? :o visit ! poor1 ,i mu/ dwell m ^u ! difficulties ?an ^u ! enc\ragem5ts ( su* "w4 ,!re are _m poor homes :]e e ess5tial elem5t ( home life exi/s4 ,! home may be ( ! humble/ sort1--x may be 9 "o room1--b1 to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 ! man is /ruggl+ to provide = 8 family2 ! woman is /riv+ to make ! little %elt] homelike2 & ! *ildr5 are le>n+ t1 out ( ! simple/ elem5ts1 a c]ta9 measure ( peace1 ord]l9ess & gr[? may be won4 ,! home relation is "r1 &1 ?\gh sickness1 #dg indu/rial depression1 accid5t1 or "s o!r ( ! mis=tunes t assail u f )\t may h made *>itable relief necess>y = a long "t1 ! elem5ts ( successful *>itable aid are !re1 because ! home life works ) ! visitor to w9 back heal? & indep5d5ce4 ,!re is a deep satisfaction 9 protect+ su* families f ! c>eless1 patroniz+ *>ity ( ! ?\ghtless almsgiv]1 ^: un/eady h& w\ld give !m a fea/ to-day & a fam9e to-morr[4 ,!re is deep satisfaction 9 cop]at+ ) su* families to conqu] difficulties4 ,!re is a deep] satisfaction1 h[ev]1 9 turn+ a %am home into a real "o2 9 tea*+ ! slatt]nly1 irresponsible "m ! pleasure ( a cleanly1 well-ord]$ home2 9 help+ a man :o has lo/ 8 s5se ( responsibility t[>d wife & *ildr5 to rega9 x4 ,ev5 at ! risk ( draw+ a too gloomy picture1 ,i dwell 9 ?is *apt]1 !re=e1 ^u ! husb& & fa!r :o is ei!r lazy or drunk5 or bo?4 ,! m>ri$ vagabond has _m #dh *>act]i/ics ( ! s+le vagabond or tramp1 ?\gh he is usually less ent]pris+4 ,8 is a type peculi> to our l>ge cities1 :]e political1 indu/rial1 & *>itable conditions h help$ to make him :at he is4 ,!re is a s5se 9 :i* he is n responsible = 8 faults2 b !re is a s5se 9 :i* we are none ( u responsible = ours1 & :5 we are once p]man5tly committ$ to ?is view ( ourselves1 !re is no heal? 9 u4 ,to treat ! m>ri$ vagabond z n responsible1 is only to increase 8 irresponsibility4 ,"o man ,i "k :o has done h>dly a /roke ( "w = ye>s1 says ,mrs4 ,bosanquet2 dur+ 8 wife's p]iodical conf9em5ts he goes (f on ! tramp1 leav+ h] to take h] *ance ( *>ity com+ to ! rescue1 & returns :5 %e c get to "w aga94 ,i h kn[n fa!rs :o w\ld s5d _! hungry *ildr5 to beg food f _! neighbors1 & !n take x to eat !mselves2 & "o ,i h kn[n :o w\ld /op 8 *ildr5 9 ! /reet & take _! %oes f _! feet to pawn = dr9k4 ,! negative attitude ( a man to 8 own family is #di an impossible "o2 if responsibility disappe>s1 x w be replac$ by brutality4 #a ,& aga91 f ! same book3 ,take a case :i* is con/antly recurr+4 ,a man has let himself drift into bad ways3 he neglects 8 "w1 sp5ds 8 money = dr9k1 c>es less & less ab\t 8 family2 ! *ildr5 become m & m neglect$ & />v$4 ,at la/ "s *>itable ag5cy /eps 94 ',! man is hopeless1' x says1 '!re is no "q ( reliev+ him ( responsibility1 = he has already lo/ all s5se ( t1 & matt]s _c be made worse by our int]f]5ce4 ,! *ildr5 mu/ n be all[$ to suff] = _! fa!r's s9s2 we w fe$ & clo! & educate !m1 & s give !m a *ance ( do+ bett] ?an _! p>5ts4' ,all v well1 if ?is 7 ! only family2 & we %\ld all ru% joyfully to ! "w ( rescu+ ! little ones4 ,b next door on ei!r side are m5 ) ! same d[nw>d pa? s easy be=e !m1 & to a l>ge ext5t re/ra9$ f ent]+ ^u x by ! ?\ght1 ',:at w become ( ! *ildr58' ,?is re/ra9+ #ej influ5ce w break d[n mu* m rapidly = ! k t ,smi?'s *ildr5 are bett] c>$ = s9ce he gave up ! battle1 & s ! mis*ief spreads d[n ! /reet l an epidemic4 #b ,! me?od to be foll[$ 9 deal+ ) ! family ( ! m>ri$ vagabond mu/ dep5d ^u circum/ances1 b x w usually be necess>y to let him f9d out :at ! *>itable community expects ( him1 & ?is he w h>dly d unless ! *>itable )hold all aid except 9 ! =m ( "w4 ,a visitor w n succe$ 9 br++ ?is ab\t until he has tak5 ! tr\ble to f9d out :at s\rces ( relief are op5 to ! family1 & has p]suad$ ea* s\rce to )hold relief4 ,visitors (t5 hesitate to urge ?is radical measure1 fe>+ t x w br+ suff]+ ^u ! wife & *ildr52 b ! pla9 fact is t ! family ( a lazy man mu/ suff]1 t no am\nt ( mat]ial relief c prev5t _! suff]+4 ,on ?is disput$ po9t ,i v5ture to quote :at ,i h writt5 else:]e3 ,let u #ea consid] ! *ances t a m>ri$ vagabond's *ildr5 h ( escap+ suff]+ 9 a l>ge city4 4 4 4 ,!y are born into a _w :]e ! fa!r is inconsid]ate & abusive ( ! "m2 :]e cleanl9ess1 fre% air1 & good food are n assur$ to !m2 :]e all ! economic laws ( ! civiliz$ _w seem topsy-turvy2 :]e ?+s sometimes come miracul\sly1 )\t any return = !m 9 labor1 & :]e !y sometimes d n come at all4 ,!y are born1 moreov]1 ) diseas$ bodies1 (t5 ) ! ta9t ( alcoholism 9 _! ve9s2 too (t5 ) "s o!r inh]it$ malady1 su* z epilepsy or uns\nd m9d1 z a direct result ( p>5tal excesses4 ,h[ c we say t we 'd n let *ildr5 suff]1' s long z alms keeps toge!r ?\s&s ( ^! s-call$ homes 9 our l>ge cities1 &1 wor/ ( all1 s long z into ^! homes ?\s&s ( helpless1 un=tunate babies are born e ye>8 ,if ,i 7 "o ( ^! same little ones1 & c\ld see :at ! *>itable p 7 ab\t1 ,i %\ld feel incl9$ to say3 ',ladies & g5tlem51 y h suppli$ ! doctor1 & ! nurse1 #eb & ! fuel1 & ! sick diet2 d\btless y mean x k9dly1 b ,i h be5 assi/$ into a _w :]e y don't int5d to give me a fair *ance4 ,y "k t my fa!r won't "w = me1 t my "m has no "t to c>e = me1 & t my bro!rs & si/]s mu/ f>e worse ?an ev]1 n[ t !re's "o m m\? to fe$4 ,moreov]1 my n]ves are none ( ! /ronge/1 & my body none ( ! /\te/4 ,unless y int5d to d a great deal m = me1 ,i'm sorry y didn't d less4 ,frankly1 ,i don't ?ank y4' #c ,(t5 :5 a man f9ds t *>itable p are q 9 e>ne/1 t !y really int5d to place ^u 8 %\ld]s ! responsibility ( 8 own family1 he w be/ir himself & g to "w4 ,he is n likely to /ay & let 8 family />ve4 ,9 fact1 ,i h (t5 f\nd t ! )hold+ ( relief f ! family ( ! m>ri$ vagabond has ! imm$iate effect ( improv+ ! mat]ial condition ( ! family--! man has ei!r f\nd "w or left home4 ,?is me?od ( be+ *>itable requires c\rage1 b if #ec p w\ld only see h[ wret*$ness is p]petuat$ by ! temporiz+ me?od1 x w\ld require c\rage to give small doles4 ,9 _m /ates !re are laws = ! puni%m5t ( ! man t w n support 8 family4 ,"s ( ^! enactm5ts are ( v little use1 b sev]al ( ! ,new ,engl& /ates h effective laws4#d ,:5 a complete cutt+ (f ( *>itable supplies fails to br+ a man to "s s5se ( 8 duty1 ! visitor %\ld try to h him puni%$ by ! c\rts4 ,! evid5ce ( "o :o has fai?fully visit$ a family = a long "t is v valuable 9 su* cases1 ?\gh conviction is (t5 difficult to secure = lack ( ! wife's te/imony4 ,if ! m>ri$ vagabond t has be5 puni%$ is /ill incurably lazy & irresponsible1 ! visitor %\ld n all[ 8 desire to re=m ! man to /& 9 ! way ( ! be/ int]e/s ( ! *ildr51 born & unborn4 ,! wife's duty to h] husb& is a v sacr$ "o1 ,b s is h] duty to h] *ildr54 ,:5 #ed all o!r measures fail1 ! home %\ld be brok5 up4 ,only ^? :o h _h wide *>itable exp]i5ce w be likely to consid] ?is sep>ation ( man & wife ju/ifiable4 ,says ,mrs4 ,joseph9e ,%aw ,l[ell3 ,i h n ! slighte/ d\bt t x is a wrong2 & a great wrong1 to give help to ! family ( a drunk>d or an immoral man :o w n support !m4 ,unless ! woman w remove h] *ildr5 f 8 influ5ce1 x %\ld be und]/ood t no public or private *>ity1 & no *>itable individual1 has ! "r to help p]petuate & ma9ta9 su* families z are br\ght =? by drunk>ds & vici\s m5 & wom54 #e ,x is unnecess>y to say t ! advocates ( sep>ation z a la/ resort d n approve ( divorce1 :i* w\ld only multiply %am homes4 ,!y recognize 9 c]ta9 cases ! sad fact ( incurability1 & are prep>$ to take c\rage\s measures 9 ord] t ! innoc5t may n suff] ) ! guilty4#f #ee ,! foll[+ hi/ory ( a ,baltimore m>ri$ vagabond w illu/rate ! ne$ ( sep>ation 9 c]ta9 cases3 ,sev]al ye>s ago ! ,baltimore ,*>ity ,organization ,society made ! acqua9tance ( ! family ( a good-look+ ,g]man %oemak]1 :o _h m>ri$ a pla91 h>d-work+ woman "s ye>s 8 s5ior4 ,soon aft] _! m>riage he began to neglect 8 "w1 &1 dep5d+ m & m on 8 wife's ex]tions = 8 support1 he took to dr9k4 ,*ild-be>+ (t5 incapacitat$ ! wife = "w1 & *ur* & *>itable fri5ds aid$ at su* times4 ,:5 ! six? *ild 0 a ye> old1 he des]t$ 8 family = a :ile1 b came back aga91 aft] hav+ be5 9 jail = disord]ly conduct4 ,! ,*>ity ,organization ,society1 see+ no *ance ( re=m+ ! man1 sugge/$ t 8 wife leave him1 b ! ,g]man pa/or /rongly object$ to any sep>ation ( man & wife1 & no?+ 0 done4 ,a disc\rag+ aspect ( ! situation 0 t ! man taught 8 *ildr5 to deceive ! h>d-work+ "m4 ,:5 ! sev5? baby 0 born1 & *>ity _h suppli$ a regi/]$ nurse1 baby l951 #ef a doctor1 fuel1 & food1 x 0 discov]$ t ! man _h sold ! fuel suppli$ by ! relief society1 & _h gone on a spree4 ,he 0 a good workman1 & c\ld always h "w :5 sob]1 b ev5 :5 at "w he neglect$ to provide prop]ly = 8 family4 ,/ung at la/ into active resi/ance1 8 wife _h him arre/$ = non-support4 ,:ile ! man await$ trial1 ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society remov$ 8 family1 f\nd "w = ! wife :]e %e c\ld keep ?ree ( h] *ildr51 plac$ "o ) a relative1 & two o!rs tempor>ily 9 in/itutions4 ,:5 he 0 releas$1 he _h no family to attract *>itable aid1 & 0 ?r[n1 = ! fir/ "t 9 _m ye>s1 entirely ^u 8 own res\rces4 ,_m good p may ?9k t to deprive a man ( family ties is to ha/5 8 d[nfall2 b :at d[nfall c\ld be m complete ?an ! d[nfall ( ! man :o n only p]mits 8 wife to support him1 b abuses h] & 8 *ildr58 ,9 mak+ ?is no long] possible we are sometimes do+ ! "o ?+ t c be done to save him f #eg spread+ ! contagion ( 8 brutality1 & s assum+ a /ill heavi] burd5 ( s94 ,!re are _m *>itable visitors to :om ! v ?\ght ( /rong dr9k is s (f5sive1 to :om ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! saloon seems s brutal & degrad$1 t !y are unable to make all[ance = national1 neighborhood1 & family traditions 9 judg+ a man's habits4 ,x sometimes happ5s t a :ole family are condemn$ z frauds because !y dr9k be] = d9n]1 or because ! man ( ! h\se has be5 se5 to ent] a saloon4 ,on no subject1 p]haps1 are *>ity work]s s divid$ z on ! "q ( h[ be/ to deal ) ! dr9k evil4 ,"h1 if any:]e1 fanaticism is excusable1 p]haps2 b "h1 z ev]y:]e1 ! fri5dly visitor mu/ be on gu>d aga9/ p]sonal prejudice & a ha/y jump+ at conclusions4 ,at night all cats are gray1 says ! old prov]b1 & x is only ! b5ight$ social re=m] t ?9ks ( all :o dr9k z drunk>ds1 & ( all places :]e liquor is sold z d5s ( vice4 ,! saloon is /ill ! work+man's #eh club1 &1 until "s satisfactory sub/itute is f\nd = x1 all our d5unciations w fail to bani% x4 ,x is none ! less true t1 ( all p]sonal habits1 ! dr9k habit /&s next to lic5ti\sness z a cause ( pov]ty & deg5]ation4 ,! problem ( intemp]ance meets u 9 less ?an half ! families t we "k1 says ! ,secret>y ( ! ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 b x is t half :i* gives u ! mo/ conc]n4 ,!re are _m ways ( deal+ ) ! drunk>ds & ) _! families1 & ! rem$y mu/ be sep>ately *os5 = ea* case4 ,"s ( our fri5ds are impati5t ) all ^! p>tial rem$ies & w use none ( !m1 wait+ until !y c sweep out ( ! ,/ate ! alcohol :i* seems to !m ! :ole cause ( ! tr\ble4 ,b if x 7 all tak5 away to-morr[1 ,i feel sure we %\ld f9d ?is also only a p>tial rem$y1 & t ! same want ( self-control :i* makes m5 & wom5 drunk>ds w\ld drive "s ( !m to-morr[ to o!r & p]haps worse /imulants4 ,s1 :ile ,i hope & believe t sl[ly & /eadily ! s5tim5t ( individuals #ei is gr[+ t[>d total ab/95ce1 & t 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s1 g5]ations1 p]haps1 x w become ! law ( ! ,/ate1 ,i believe 9 work+ man to man & woman to woman 9 build+ up & /r5g!n+ "* z ! *ief safegu>d aga9/ s great an evil4 #g ,! fir/ ?+1 9 deal+ ) an individual case ( drunk5ness1 is to f9d out its hi/ory4 ,is x ! cause ( pov]ty & mis=tune1 or h pov]ty & mis=tune caus$ x8 ,is !re an inh]it$ t5d5cy to dr9k1 or did ! habit orig9ate 9 "s o!r bad p]sonal habit8 ,is bad heal? ! cause8 ,has unheal?y or dang]\s employm5t any?+ to d ) x8 ,is bad home cook+ "o ( ! causes8 ,"s "o has said t ! be/ temp]ance lectur] is ! prop]ly fill$ d9n]-pail4 ,worry f lack ( "w1 & ! ne$ ( "s w>m /imulant aft] exposure1 are frequ5t causes2 & !y are bo? removable ) fri5dly help4 ,a man :o is hone/ly try+ to break himself ( ! dr9k habit #fj des]ves all ! pati5ce1 sympa?y1 & res\rcefulness at our comm&4 ,:5 a man is s5sitive & pr\d1 ! visitor c (t5 be mo/ helpful by simply %[+ 8 sympa?y4 ,a travell+ salesman :o became addict$ to dr9k lo/ a good situation ?r\gh ?is habit4 ,he _h a wife & sev5 *ildr51 all ! *ildr5 be+ too "y to e>n any?+4 ,! wife 0 v brave & support$ ! family z long z %e 0 able4 ,:5 ! case came to ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society ! r5t 0 9 arre>s & ! l&lord ?reat5+4 ,we s5t a g5tleman z our fri5dly visitor 9 ! case1 & aft] great p]si/5ce & repeat$ failures he succe$$ 9 keep+ ! head ( ! family sob] = a few days4 ,! man 0 pr\d1 & mu* hurt at hav+ to accept *>ity1 b 8 family 0 suff]+1 & !re 0 no alt]native4 ,! aid 0 provid$ 9 s delicate a mann] t ! man's he>t 0 t\*$1 & he became v grateful to ! visitor = 8 unflagg+ & k9dly int]e/4 ,!y sp5t _! ev5+s toge!r frequ5tly4 ,! man began to dr9k less1 at la/ /opp$ altoge!r1 & #fa n[ has secur$ p]man5t "w & is do+ well4 #h ,!re is div]sity ( op9ion z to ! value ( pl$ges4 ,x w\ld seem unwise1 h[ev]1 :5 a man has brok5 a pl$ge1 to enc\rage him to r5ew x4 ,let him try a promise to himself1 & prove t he c be a man )\t artificial props4 ,9 m /ubborn cases ! law mu/ be invok$4 ,sometimes x is well to try sev]al rem$ies at once1 ask+ ! police to ?reat5 arre/1 foll[+ ?is up at once ) an invitation to jo9 "s temp]ance society 7pref]ably "o connect$ ) ! man's *ur*71 & try+ at ! same "t to sub/itute "s new int]e/4 ,mild] measures fail+1 x w sometimes be necess>y to cut (f all supplies ( relief1 &1 ?is aga9 fail+1 to take /eps to protect wife & *ildr5 f ! brutaliz+ influ5ce ( ! man by break+ up ! home4 ,!re are _m causes ( ! dr9k evil1 z ,i h tri$ to %[1 b1 aft] e all[ance has be5 made1 ! *ief cause w (t5 be f\nd 9 ! selfi%ness ( ! human he>t4 #fb ,!re are m5 :o d n c>e to be cur$ ( drunk5ness1 :o feel no %ame = ! mis]y & degradation br\ght ^u _! families4 ,"h aga9 ! sad fact ( incurability mu/ be recogniz$4 ,x is folly to let su* m5 discov] t1 ?r\gh our *>itable int]e/ 9 _! families1 we w ei!r directly or indirectly pay _! :iskey bills1 or w assume ! burd5s t !y delib]ately %irk4 ,a ,committee on ,intemp]ance1 report+ to ! ,w>d ,,viii4 ,conf]5ce ( ! ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities 9 #ahhf1 call$ att5tion to ?is aspect ( ! "q4 ,! committee1 h[ev]1 say t1 9 _! op9ion1 ! "q ( moral responsibility on ! "p ( ! intemp]ate1 & also1 9 its degree1 on ! "p ( ^? :o1 by gifts or o!r aid1 make intemp]ance easy1 is too mu* lo/ sight (2 & !y believe t ! refusal ( all aid to ! families ( drunk>ds1 outside ! alm%\se1 unless 9 exceptional cases1 w\ld br+ ab\t a bett] /ate ( op9ion & a ju/] s5se ( responsibility4 ,! committee add t x w be almo/ impossible to make k9d-he>t$ p believe ?is1 s9ce !y are m mov$ #fc by ! sight ( pres5t suff]+ ?an by ! hope ( future p]man5t improvem5t1 to secure :i* "s measure ( pres5t suff]+ may be necess>y4 #i ,collat]al ,read+s3 ,an ,adv5ture 9 ,philan?ropy1 ,edw9 ,c4 ,m>t9 9 ,scribn]'s1 ,vol4 ,,xi1 pp4 #bcj sq4 ,*>ity & ,home ,mak+1 ! pres5t writ] 9 ,*>ities ,review1 ,vol4 ,,vi1 ,no4 #b4 ,m>ri$ ,vagabonds1 ! same1 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-second ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #ead sq4 ,drunk>ds' ,families1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,f4 ,slocum 9 ,proce$+s ( ,fifte5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #aca sq4 ,! ,social ,value ( ! ,saloon1 ,e4 ,c4 ,moore 9 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 ,no4 #a4 ,sub/itutes = ! ,saloon1 ,f4 ,g4 ,peabody 9 ,=um = ,july1 #ahif4 ,law & ,dr9k1 ,fr$]ick ,h4 ,w9es 9 ,*>ities ,review1 ,vol4 ,,vii1 ,nos4 #c & #d4 #a ,ri* & ,poor1 p4 #aje4 #b pp4 #gb sq4 #c ,*>ities ,review1 ,vol4 ,,vi1 pp4 #aba sq4 #d ,see ,proce$+s ( ! ,tw5ty-second ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,correction1 ,new ,hav51 #ahie1 pp4 #ead sq4 #e ,public ,relief & ,private ,*>ity1 p4 #aje4 #f ,see on ?is subject ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,correction at ,toronto1 #ahig1 pp4 #e sq4 #g ,miss ,z4 ,d4 ,smi? 9 ,report ( ,union ,relief ,association ( ,spr+field1 ,mass41 #ahhg4 #h ,*>ities ,record1 ,baltimore1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #a4 #i ,sev5? ,report ( ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 p4 #ci4 #fd ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,homemak] ,! wife br+s u to ano!r aspect ( ! home1 ?\gh x _c be too (t5 repeat$ t all aspects are s inextricably int]wov5 t !y mu/ be consid]$ toge!r4 ,:5 ! wife takes ! means provid$1 ! raw mat]ial f :i* a home is to be made1 %e engages 9 a v complicat$ =m ( manufacture1 includ+ 9 its processes ! buy+1 prep>ation1 & s]v+ ( food1 ! c>e ( ! h\sehold possessions1 ! buy+1 mak+1 & c>e ( clo?+1 ! tra9+ ( *ildr51 & _m m9or dep>tm5ts4 ,^! are only processes1 h[ev]1 &1 unless ! mak] h an ideal picture 9 h] m9d ( :at a home %\ld be1 nei!r "s nor all ( ^! processes w make a home4 ,9 deal+ ) ! homemak]1 ! fri5dly visitor becomes m directly a tea*]1 ?\gh #fe x is (t5 necess>y t %e %\ld fir/ be a le>n]4 ,! ag5t ( a ,new ,york *>ity tells ( a fri5dly visitor :o 0 consult$ by ! ag5t ab\t a family apply+ = relief4 ,!y 7 f\nd to h an income ( #bj4jj a week4 ,well1 said ! visitor1 t is v little money on :i* to raise a family4 ,! ag5t felt t ?is visitor _h n only a great deal to le>n1 b a great deal to unle>n4 ,n e visitor is skill$ 9 buy+ & prep>+ food1 or 9 arrang+ a h\sehold budget1 & ! visitor t is skilful 9 do+ ?is on "o scale ( exp5diture may be q ignorant & helpless 9 deal+ ) ano!r & mu* small] scale4 ,"o :o is really 9 e>ne/1 h[ev]1 9 ! desire to help ano!r1 w nev] give up because !re are difficulties to ov]come4 ,! visitor may n "k1 b z comp>$ ) ! homemak] 9 a poor family1 has f> m "t & a great] facility1 p]haps1 9 le>n+4 ,! visitor's be/ tea*]s are fri5ds t h _h exp]i5ce1 & ! poor !mselves4 ,"o c le>n a great deal f ! m frugal & indu/ri\s ( ! v poor1 & ^! are pr\d to expla9 #ff _! small economies1 :5 our reasons = wi%+ to le>n are made cle> to !m4 ,lack+ ^! tea*]s1 !re are books1 ?\gh books h ! disadvantage ( nev] meet+ ! ne$s ( any "o locality4 ,v>iations ( climate1 cu/om1 & ! local m>kets make specific sugge/ions ab\t buy+ difficult4 ,= ?is reason ,i %all n attempt to g into detail1 b sugge/ t1 z our relations ) our poor fri5ds %\ld be z natural z possible1 :5 we d n "k any?+1 x is always be/ to frankly say s1 & !n ?9k out ) !m "s way ( le>n+4 ,= in/ance1 x w\ld be natural en\gh = a visitor to say to ! homemak]3 ,we bo? feel t !re is a lot to le>n ab\t ! be/ way ( buy+ & prep>+ food4 ,i h an acqua9tance t has made a /udy ( ! subject1 &1 ) y\r p]mission1 ,i am go+ to br+ h] "h1 to give u bo? "s sugge/ions4 ,sci5tific diet>ies h be5 prep>$ ) a view to tea*+ ! poor to use nutriti\s & economical foods4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,j4 ,atwat]1 ,edw>d ,atk9son1 ,mrs4 ,juliet ,corson1 & ,mrs4 ,m>y ,h9man ,abel are au?orities on ?is #fg subject4 ,! ,bureau ( ,associat$ ,*>ities1 ,orange1 ,n4 ,j41 publi%es a leaflet on foods1 prep>$ by ,mrs4 ,s4 ,e4 ,t5ney ( ,brooklyn4 ,tak+ ,orange prices1 a diet>y is giv5 = a family ( six 7man1 wife1 & f\r *ildr571 at a co/ ( #c4ca p] week4 ,9 urg+ *anges 9 diet ^u poor families1 x is fir/ necess>y to become well acqua9t$ ) ! families1 &1 ev5 !n1 to introduce any innovations sl[ly1 "o ?+ at a "t4 ,a fri5dly visitor 9 ,baltimore has tri$ ! plan ( meet+ h] fri5ds 9 m>ket1 & po9t+ out to !m ! be/ cuts ( meat1 ! be/ place to buy vegetables1 etc4 ,b h] greate/ success 9 introduc+ new di%es has be5 ?r\gh ! *ildr54 ,%e has be5 wise en\gh to secure ! cop]ation ( h] cook1 &1 by invit+ ! *ildr5 into h] own kit*5 on ,saturday morn+s1 has taught !m ! be/ way to prep>e simple di%es4 ,%e f9ds t sci5tific diet>ies too (t5 ignore ! ta/es & prejudices ( ! poor4 ,x is be/ to beg9 by tea*+ !m to prep>e well ! ?+s t !y l4 ,if !y are devot$ to /rong tea1 = in/ance1 we c tea* !m fir/ ( all t x %\ld n boil on ! /ove all day4 #fh ,:5 we are deal+ ) que/ions ( ta/e1 :e!r 9 mann]s1 diet1 clo?+1 or h\sehold decoration1 we _c af=d to take ! attitude ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,honey?und]1 ,come up & be bless$1 or ,i'll knock y d[n6 ,we may f9d a pref]5ce = *eap f9]y v exasp]at+1 b our own example is f> m likely to be foll[$ 9 ! long run if we d n insi/ ^u x too mu* at fir/4 ,beg9 by tea*+ ! homemak] to m5d & keep ! clo?+ 9 good ord]1 & give h] "s ( y\r own exp]i5ce z to :i* mat]ials we> ! be/4 ,"o ( ! important items ( exp5diture is fuel1 & ! fir/ ?+ to f9d out "u ?is head is :e!r k]os5e or any o!r inflammable fluid is ev] us$ to />t ! fire4 ,exp]i5c$ h\sekeep]s say t x is good economy to h /oves ) small grat+s & !n buy a good grade ( pea coal1 :i*1 if c>efully us$1 is *eap] & q z economical z m exp5sive grades4 ,! poor (t5 pref] exp5sive1 free-burn+ coals because !y are little tr\ble4 ,a practical eng9e] says t1 9 burn+ pea coal1 ! fire mu/ be #fi kept clean1 n by viol5t %ak+1 b by a /raight pok] us$ on ! bottom ( ! fire only4 ,remove cl9k]s ?r\gh ! top4 ,add coal 9 small quantities1 &1 :5 n us+ ! fire1 give x a good clean+ at ! bottom1 spread en\gh coal to make ab\t ?ree in*es ( fuel 9 all1 put on ! draught until k9dl$1 add f\r in*es ( fre% coal1 all[+ ! draught to rema9 on until ! gas is burn$ (f1 !n %ut ! bottom draughts1 take ! lids half-way (f1 & op5 ! top slide1 if ! /ove has "o4 ,9 _m ( ! homes into :i* visitors g1 cleanl9ess seems ! greate/ lack4 ,sometimes ! "m has lo/ he>t2 sometimes %e has nev] kn[n :at cleanl9ess 04 ,tact is necess>y "h to avoid hurt+ ! feel+s ( our poor fri5ds1 ?\gh "s are f> m s5sitive ?an o!rs4 ,! ,bo/on woman ^: visitor s5t soap1 scrubb+ bru%es1 mop1 & pail1 ) ! message t %e 0 com+ on ! morr[ to use !m1 took ?is v broad h9t & made ! home tidy = ! fir/ "t 9 _m mon?s1 b x is unnecess>y to say t all poor p #gj c\ld n be dealt ) 9 ?is way4 ,"o visitor w5t1 :5 %e knew ! "m w\ld be abs5t1 & help$ ! *ildr5 to clean ! h\se4 ,ano!r f\nd t1 if ! family knew %e 0 com+1 ! home 0 set 9 ord]2 s %e 0 c>eful = a "t to come at /at$ int]vals1 !n tri$ irregul> visits1 & 0 f9ally rew>d$ by f9d+ ! home pres5table at all times4 ,mr4 ,william ,d4 ,h[ells1 :o dur+ 8 rec5t resid5ce 9 ,bo/on gave mu* ( 8 valuable "t z a visitor = ! ,associat$ ,*>ities1 0 amus$ "o day to be told1 on knock+ at ! door ( a h\se :]e he _h /udi\sly endeavor$ to inspire a s5se ( cleanl9ess1 t he c\ld n come 91 z ! floor _h j be5 wa%$ & he might soil x aga94 #a ,h\seclean+ seasons are n always obs]v$ 9 poor homes4 ,! visitor c call att5tion to ! value ( :itewa% z a clean+ ag5t1 & if once taught to d x1 ! *ildr5 take pleasure 9 putt+ x on4 #ga ,x is n m]ely z ! advis] ab\t h\sehold matt]s t ! visitor c be helpful to ! homemak]4 ,_m wom5 9 poor neighborhoods lead />v$1 sordid lives1 & long = g5u9e fri5dl9ess & sympa?y4 ,a fri5d :o w\ld be helpful to !m mu/ ex]cise ! same self-re/ra9t t our own fri5ds ex]cise ) u4 ,! fri5ds :o enc\rage u to exagg]ate our tr\bles & difficulties are n our be/ fri5ds3 !irs is a fri5d%ip t t5ds to weak5 our moral fibre4 ,b ! sympa?y t ! poor ne$ & all ( u ne$ is ! sympa?y t makes u feel /rong]1 ! sympa?y t is f>!/ remov$ f s5tim5tality4 ,we %\ld be will+ to li/5 pati5tly to ! homemak]'s tr\bles1 & %\ld /rive to see ! _w f h] po9t ( view1 b at ! same "t we %\ld help h] to take a *e]ful & c\rage\s tone4 ,"o unfail+ help1 :5 our poor fri5ds dwell too mu* ^u _! own tr\bles1 is to tell !m ours4 ,"h1 too1 indirect sugge/ion is p[]ful4 ,! wife1 9 h] attitude t[>d husb& & *ildr51 w unconsci\sly imitate our own attitude #gb t[>d !m4 ,z ,miss ,jane ,addams says1 if ! visitor kisses ! baby & makes mu* ( x1 ! "m w d ! same4 ,a ,baltimore visitor has cur$ "o tir$ woman ( scold+ h] husb& 9 season & out ( season by div]t+ h] att5tion to o!r ?+s1 & by seek+ h] cop]ation 9 plans = improv+ ! man's habits4 ,a ,new ,york visitor tells ( a woman liv+ 9 a two-room t5em5t :o is reg>d$ z a m>vel by h] husb&'s fri5ds because %e makes a po9t ( hav+ a specially good meal "o night 9 ! week1 & x is und]/ood t h] husb& c br+ 8 fri5ds home to supp] on t night )\t giv+ h] w>n+4 ,! home is v humble1 b %e has le>n$ ! wisdom ( mak+ x a real home = h] husb&1 & "o t he c be pr\d (4 ,s f>1 ,i h ignor$ ! fact t1 9 ! poor home1 ! woman is (t5 ! breadw9n] z well z ! homemak]4 ,i wi% x 7 possible to ignore ! fur!r fact t *>itable visitors1 f9d+ x difficult to get "w = ! man or f9d+ him dis9cl9$ #gc to take x1 w be/ir !mselves to get "w = ! woman in/ead4 ,"o ( ! few rules :i* x is safe to foll[ bl9dly is ! rule t we %\ld n enc\rage any woman to become ! breadw9n] :o has an able-bodi$1 unemploy$ man 9 ! h\se4 ,only h>m c result1 says ,mrs4 ,l[ell1 if ef=ts are made to induce ! woman to leave h] home daily = "w4 ,:]e ! breadw9n] is disabl$1 or ! woman is a des]t$ wife or wid[1 "w is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y4 ,we mu/ di/+ui%1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! des]t$ wife & ! wife ^: husb& *ronically des]ts h]1 until h] condition attracts ! *>itable help t he returns to %>e4 ,wid[s ) *ildr5 belong to a class ) :i* *>ity has dealt too h>%ly 9 ! pa/4 ,:5 ! woman is incapable ( support+ all h] *ildr51 & ?is is usually ! case1 *>ity has ei!r all[$ h] family to dep5d ^u insuffici5t doles & s drift into begg>y1 or else has put all ! *ildr5 9 orphanages4 ,if ! "m is a good "m1 capable ) help ( re>+ h] *ildr5 to indep5d5ce & #gd self-support1 ?is latt] is n only a cruel b a wa/eful me?od4 ,z *>ity becomes m discrim9at+ & res\rceful1 x w be possible to organize p5sions = wid[s ( ?is class1 ?\gh ^! p5sions w ne$ ! c>eful ov]sight ( a visitor1 :o %\ld see t ! *ildr5 are taught to be> ! family burd5 z !y become old]4 ,!re is great div]sity ( op9ion ab\t ! value ( mo!rs' meet+s = wom5 ^: home duties prev5t !m f att5d+ *ur* on ,sunday4 ,if ^! meet+s conf9$ !mselves to provid+ :at ! *ur* s]vice provides1--a *ance = spiritual uplift+ & refre%m5t1--!re c\ld be no possible objection to !m2 b1 un=tunately1 _m mo!rs' meet+s /rive to attract & hold memb]s by su* small devices z pay+ !m = v bad sew+1 or mak+ small gifts1 or sell+ ?+s bel[ co/4 ,^! attractions1 small z !y are1 lead _m wom5 to neglect _! home duties1 & x is no unusual ?+ = "o woman to belong to ?ree mo!rs' meet+s ( ?ree diff]5t d5om9ations1 :i* take h] away #ge f home ?ree aft]noons 9 ! week4 ,! atmosph]e ( patronage & spr9kl+ *>ity t is s common 9 ^! meet+s1 di/9ctly l[]s ! self-respect ( ! wom52 be=e v long !y le>n to write begg+ notes or s5d begg+ messages to ! ladies 9 *>ge1 & ! place t %\ld be = !m a s\rce ( spiritual /r5g? becomes m]ely a s\rce ( supplies4 ,collat]al ,read+s3 ,! ,lu/ig's & ,cor9na's ,fiametta1 ,mrs4 ,s*uyl] ,van ,r5ssela] 9 ,"o ,man :o 0 ,cont5t & ,o!r ,/ories4 ,practical ,sanit>y & ,economic ,cook+ 7adapt$ to p]sons ( mod]ate & small means71 ,mrs4 ,m>y ,h9man ,abel1 publi%$ by ,am]ican ,public ,heal? ,association1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y4 ,foods3 ,nutritive ,value & ,co/1 by ,w4 ,o4 ,atwat] 9 ,f>m]'s ,bullet9 ,no4 #bc ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,diet>y ,/udies 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ,w4 ,o4 ,atwat] & ,*>les ,d4 ,woods 9 ,bullet9 ,no4 #df ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,! ,heal? ,dep>tm5t ( ,new ,york ,city w soon publi% leaflets prep>$ by exp]ts1 :i* w conta9 simple directions ab\t buy+ & prep>+ food4 ,! ,le ,play ,me?od ( ,social ,obs]vation1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #a4 ,treatm5t ( ,wid[s & ,dep5d5t ,*ildr51 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,wolcott 9 ,proce$+s ( ,fifte5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #acg sq4 ,girls 9 a ,factory ,valley1 ,mrs4 ,lillie ,b4 ,*ace ,wyman 9 ,atlantic1 ,vol4 ,,lxxviii1 pp4 #cia sq4 & #ejf sq4 #a ,mrs4 ,rog] ,wolcott 9 ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,congress ( ,*>ities at ,*icago1 ,volume on ,organization ( ,*>ities1 p4 #aaj4 #gf ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,*ildr5 ,! visitor 9 ! homes ( ! poor ^: *ief conc]n is ) que/ions ( mat]ial relief (t5 ov]looks ! *ildr5 entirely1 unless !y are l>ge en\gh to be =c$ into ! labor m>ket & made to contribute t[>d ! family income4 ,9 *>ity meet+s1 :]e visitors get toge!r to discuss ! difficulties ( individual families1 x w (t5 happ5 t ! *ildr5 are n m5tion$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is a l>ge class ( *>ity work]s :o conc]n !mselves ) ! *ildr5 only1 & a /rongly m>k$ t5d5cy ( mod]n *>ity is to treat ! *ildr5 ( ! poor q ap>t f & )\t any relation to _! home life4 ,we con/antly he> x said1 writes ,mrs4 ,james ,putnam1 t we _c help ! old] ones1 b t we mu/ save ! #gg *ildr54 ,x seems cle> to me t to help "o )\t ! o!r is usually an impossible task4 ,_! int]e/s are too closely b\nd toge!r4 #a ,!re is always dang]1 9 our eag]ness to help ! *ildr51 t we may only enc\rage p>5ts to %irk _! duty4 ,take ! admirable *>ities kn[n z day nurs]ies4 ,if c>e is n tak5 to exclude all except ! *ildr5 ( wid[s1 or ( wom5 ^: husb&s are disabl$1 ^! w only enc\rage laz9ess 9 ! husb&1 & help to br+ ab\t t un:olesome condition 9 :i* ! wife is breadw9n]1 homemak]1 & *ild-be>]4 ,! fir/ ?+ t a visitor %\ld obs]ve 9 a family :]e !re is a baby is :e!r ! *ild is nurs$ too _m mon?s & too (t54 ,a *ild %\ld n be nurs$ dur+ ! night aft] x is six mon?s old4 ,solid food is usually giv5 too soon2 tea & c(fee are (t5 giv5 be=e ! *ild is a ye> old1 & to ^! is add$ any?+ on ! table4 #gh ,= ! *ildr5's sake1 ! visitor %\ld be v obs]vant4 ,x is difficult1 at fir/1 to f9d out h[ !y are f$1 ba!d1 & clo!d1 & :e!r !y g to b$ e>ly1 9 clean b$s & v5tilat$ rooms2 b "o c le>n m by obs]vation ?an by direct que/ions4 ,ask to see ! baby ba!d1 & notice ! condition ( its scalp & sk94 ,if 9 any d\bt1 x is always be/ to consult a doctor2 d n all[ y\r ignorance to make y a non-conductor4 ,le>n h[ to /]ilize milk1 & tea* ! "m2 %[ h] ! importance ( fe$+ at regul> int]vals1 & impress ^u h] t small *ildr5 %\ld nev] h /imulants1 greasy food1 gre5 fruit1 or cakes1 nuts1 & c&ies4 ,9 summ]1 ! baby %\ld h frequ5t air+s 9 ! ne>e/ p>k1 &1 9 case ( sickness1 ! visitor %\ld "k h[ to use ! *ildr5's sanit>iums1 float+ hospitals1 free excursions or o!r *>ities provid$ = sick *ildr54 ,= ! old] *ildr5 x w be possible to procure a c\ntry holiday ?r\gh ! fre% air society or ! *ildr5's c\ntry homes t are provid$ )9 easy #gi di/ance ( all our l>ge cities4 ,or1 bett] /ill1 ! visitor may "k "s "o 9 ! c\ntry1 or may h a summ] home !re1 :]e ! little ones c be ent]ta9$4 ,any "o :o has once realiz$ h[ important x is t e gr[+ *ild %\ld "k & love ! c\ntry1 w gladly put up ) "s p]sonal inconv5i5ce to give ?is k to ! little folk 9 ! family he visits4 ,z soon z ! *ildr5 are old en\gh1 connection %\ld be made ) ! ne>e/ k9d]g>t51 or if1 un=tunately1 !re is no k9d]g>t5 ne> en\gh1 ! visitor %\ld le>n "s ( ! k9d]g>t5 games & occupations1 & tea* ! *ildr54 ,:5 ! *ildr5 g to ! public s*ools1 ! visitor %\ld make ! acqua9tance ( _! tea*]4 ,"o ( our visitors w5t = two ye>s to visit a wid[ & h] *ildr5 )\t feel+ t %e accompli%$ any?+1 ?\gh ! int]c\rse 0 pleasant en\gh 9 itself4 ,!n %e he>d t ! girl ( ?irte5 0 hav+ tr\ble 9 s*ool & 0 9 dang] ( be+ expell$4 ,%e w5t to see ! tea*]4 #hj ,! girl 0 always well dress$1 & ! tea*] _h no idea %e 0 a poor girl4 ,aft] see+ ! visitor ! tea*] t\*$ ! girl at la/ by talk+ ) h] ( ! sacrifices h] "m _h made = h] education1 & urg+ h] to d h] "p1 t h] "m's h>d "w might n be 9 va94 ,9 ?is way %e p]suad$ ! girl to good behavior & kept h] 9 s*ool--all because "s "o _h visit$ ! family = a ye> or two & c\ld speak confid5tly ( _! condition & "*4 #b ,no "o c "w among ! poor 9 _! homes )\t realiz+ ! ne$ ( compulsory education laws4 ,!re are /ill p "h & !re :o talk ab\t ! dang] ( educat+ ! poor above _! /ation1 b ^? :o "k ! poor 9 our l>ge cities f actual contact feel t ov]-education is ! v lea/ ( ! dang]s t beset !m4 ,! lack ( adequate s*ool accommodations1 mak+ x impossible to puni% truancy1 is a mu* great] dang]1 &1 9 "s ,/ates1 ! abs5ce ( any compulsory education law #ha makes ! *ild ! easy victim ( trade conditions & ( p>5tal gre$4 ,! visitor %\ld nev] p]mit ! desire to increase ! family income to bl9d him to ! fact t ! physical1 m5tal1 & moral welf>e ( ! *ild is s]i\sly endang]$ by wage-e>n+4 ,:]e !re is a compulsory education law1 he %\ld cop]ate ) ! truant (fic]s 9 secur+ its en=cem5t2 :]e !re is no su* law1 e influ5ce %\ld be br\ght to be> ^u p>5ts to keep *ildr5 9 s*ool4 ,! ,hebrew ,b5evol5t ,society ( ,detroit refuses aid to families 9 :i* ! *ildr5 are kept f s*ool1 & all our relief ag5cies1 *ur*es includ$1 w\ld d well to adopt ?is rule4 ,"s ( ! mo/ intellig5t & devot$ work]s 9 *ild-sav+ ag5cies h s\nd$ ! note ( w>n+ on ! subject ( *ildr5 wage-e>n]s4 ,! fact1 says ,mrs4 ,anna ,g>l9 ,sp5c]1 t ! _w ( indu/ry has f\nd out & e/abli%$ me?ods ( labor :i* c utilize ! "w ( *ildr5 to pr(it1 gives to t _w ( indu/ry1 z an upp] & a ne!r mill/one1 ! gre$ #hb ( employ]s & ! cupidity & pov]ty ( p>5ts1 betwe5 :i* ! life ( ! *ild is (t5 gr\nd to p[d]4 #c ,& ,mrs4 ,flor5ce ,kelley1 writ+ f h] exp]i5ce z a factory inspector 9 ,ill9ois1 says3 ,i d n mean t e boy is usually ru9$ by 8 "w1 b ,i d mean t1 ! e>li] ! *ild goes to "w1 ! great] ! probability ( ru94 ,i mean1 too1 t !re is to be ga9$1 f a sci5tific /udy ( ! work+ *ild1 an irradiat+ side-light ^u ! tramp "q1 ! unemploy$ "q1 & ! :ole ramify+ "q ( ! juv5ile (f5d]4 4 4 4 ,"o reason t immigrants cl+ s closely to ! great cities is t !y f9d !re f> m opportunity to get money = _! *ildr5's "w4 ,!re is probably no "o means ( disp]s+ ! disa/r\sly gr[+ colonies ( our great cities s simple & effective z ?is "o1 ( depriv+ ! *ildr5 ( _! imm$iate ca% value4 #d #hc ,ano!r h9drance to ! prop] education ( ! *ildr5 is ! habit ( keep+ !m f s*ool to run err&s1 to c>ry _! fa!rs' d9n]s1 or to help ) ! h\sework4 ,! girls are (t5 tak5 away f s*ool v e>ly = trivial reasons4 ,rec5t developm5ts 9 *ild /udy %[ t _m ( ! moral & m5tal obliquities ( *ildr5 may be trac$ to physical defects4 ,9 deal+ ) wayw>d & dull *ildr51 ! visitor %\ld be> ?is fact 9 m9d1 &1 ei!r by obs]vation or by ! help ( a physician1 discov] :]e9 ! *ild is defective4 ,! soon] a defect is discov]$1 ! easi] x w be to cure x1 & = ?is reason ! visitor %\ld le>n to apply simple te/s = defective sight & he>+4 ,9 a v in/ructive article1 :i* e visitor %\ld read1 on ,*ild ,/udy1 #e ,pr(essor ,krohn says t dull *ildr5 suff] f defective he>+ 9 n9ety-n9e out ( "o hundr$ cases4 ,he tells ( "o girl 9 a class :o fail$ to answ] correctly1 & 0 said by ! tea*] to be ! mo/ /upid *ild 9 ! #hd s*ool4 ,aft] ! class 0 dismiss$1 ,i told ! tea*] t ,i did n believe t ! little girl 0 intellectually /upid2 t !re 0 probably "s physical defect clogg+ ! pa?way to h] active little bra92 & ,i reque/$ an opportunity to talk to ! *ild at recess1 :5 ,i f\nd t %e c\ld n he> my /op-wat* tick until x 0 )9 n9e in*es ( h] "r e>1 & elev5 in*es ( h] left e>4 ,! av]age *ild1 "u ! same local conditions1 c he> ! same wat* tick at a di/ance ( tw5ty-"o feet4 ,h[ c\ld ! poor *ild answ] correctly :5 %e c\ld n he> :at 0 ask$8 ,e answ] 0 a m]e guess4 ,aft] a "t any *ild w\ld become /upid "u su* conditions1 believ+ x ( no use to attempt to answ] at all4 ,?is little girl 01 at my sugge/ion1 giv5 a seat n f> f ! tea*]'s desk & especial pa9s 0 aft]w>d tak5 to speak di/9ctly to h]4 4 4 4 ,%e has s9ce manife/$ su* m>k$ improvem5t t1 at ! close ( ! la/ s*ool ye>1 %e rank$ second 9 h] class4 ,9 puzzl+ cases ( wayw>dness1 ! visitor #he %\ld seek ! advice ( ! ag5t ( ! local *ildr5's aid society1 :o is (t5 an exp]t1 & glad to help "o :o is 9 e>ne/ 9 su* "w4 ,! ,report ( ! ,bo/on ,*ildr5's ,aid ,society = #ahif1f cites two cases ( truancy due to physical defects4 ,"o 0 a girl ( t5 ye>s1 ^: eyes 7 f\nd to be defective4 ,aft] fitt+ h] ) prop] glasses1 ! ,society's ag5t _h h] return$ to s*ool4 ,ano!r 0 a boy ( eight1 ) a slight imp$im5t 9 8 spee*4 ,no "o _h notic$ t 8 s*oolmates teas$ ! *ild1 until he told ! ag5t4 ,aft] ! boy's tea*] _h be5 se51 !re 0 no m laugh+ & no m truancy4 ,massa*usetts has an excell5t sy/em ( plac+ juv5ile (f5d]s on probation = a fir/ (f5ce4 ,?is same report conta9s illu/rations ( ! "w ( ! ,*ildr5's ,aid ,society's probation (fic]4 ,a boy1 fifte5 ye>s ( age1 already on in=mal probation1 & app>5tly do+ fairly well1 0 sudd5ly br\ght into c\rt1 *>g$ ) break+ & ent]+ 8 employ]'s %op at night4 ,on #hf acc\nt ( 8 pa/ good "*1 he 0 put on probation by ! c\rt "u our ag5t's c>e4 ,he told ,mr4 ,lawr5ce t he got into ?is crim9al /ate ( m9d by bad read+ & by att5d+ l[ !atrical p]=mances4 ,) ! aid ( ! boy's ,sunday-s*ool tea*] he has be5 enc\rag$ to d 8 be/1 & is n[ work+ regul>ly1 tak+ good books f ! ,public ,libr>y1 & is do+ v well4 ,! *>itable are only beg9n+ to discov] ! importance ( su* p]sonal & prev5tive "w among *ildr51 f\nd$ ^u an intimate k ( _! habits & "*4 ,su* "w mu/ be done 9 l>ge measure by volunte]s1 & ! fri5dly visitor's relations to poor families r5d] him specially fit = ! s]vice4 ,! illu/ration j giv5 emphasizes ! importance ( guid+ a *ild's read+4 ,x is n en\gh to tea* ! *ildr5 to use ! ,public ,libr>y2 we %\ld "k :at !y are read+ & tea* !m to enjoy ! "r books4 ,an admirable sy/em ( l5d+ libr>ies hav+ ?is object 9 view has be5 e/abli%$ by ! ,bo/on ,*ildr5's ,aid ,society4 ,^! little ,home ,libr>ies 9 small #hg hang+ book cases are plac$ 9 c]ta9 homes 9 poor neighborhoods1 & ! visitor 9 *>ge ( a libr>y meets at regul> int]vals a gr\p ( *ildr5 ( ! neighborhood :o =m ! libr>y circle1 expla9+ ! books to !m1 play+ games1 & gett+ well acqua9t$4 ,a fri5dly visitor might easily e/abli% su* a libr>y 9 any poor neighborhood2 ! details ( ! plan may be _h ^u application to ! ,*ildr5's ,aid ,society4 ,tra9+ 9 citiz5%ip mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,our boys & girls %\ld "k m ab\t our c\ntry ?an _! p>5ts c tea* !m4 ,! publications ( ! ,patriotic ,league1 #bcj ,w4 #ac? ,/41 ,new ,york1 w be f\nd v useful4 ,! ,league issues a ,"y ,citiz5s' ,cate*ism & a mon?ly j\rnal1 ,our ,c\ntry4 ,! ,sunday-s*ool is ano!r help to ! visitor1 & x is well to "k n only ! public-s*ool tea*]1 b ! ,sunday-s*ool tea*]1 ^: cop]ation %\ld be s\ght 9 any plans = ! *ildr5's welf>e4 ,"o ,sunday-s*ool is a help1 b two or m ,sunday-s*ools = "o *ild are ?or\ghly demoraliz+1 & we #hh %\ld d our be/ to disc\rage any *ild 9 :om we are int]e/$ f go+ to m ?an "o4 ,x too (t5 happ5s t *ildr5 are s5t by _! p>5ts to sev]al *ur*es ) ! delib]ate purpose ( mak+ pr(itable *>itable connections4 ,?is habit ( ?ru/+ ! *ildr5 =w>d to excite sympa?y1 ( s5d+ !m to ask help ( tea*]s1 cl]gym51 & *>ity ag5ts1 is s obvi\sly bad = ! *ildr5 t "o wond]s h[ ! *>itable c ev] h p]mitt$ x to become s g5]al4 ,*ildr5 %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to deliv] begg+ notes & messages f a family 9 :i* !re is an able-bodi$ adult4 ,( all *>itable practices t help to manufacture mis]y & vice1 ! practice ( giv+ to *ild-begg>s on ! /reet is ! mo/ p]nici\s4 ,"o boy :o has become a skilful begg> tea*es ano!r1 & fir/ ! money goes = c&y & cig>ettes1 !n = gambl+ & l[ !atres4 ,! next /ep is petty ?iev+1 ! next burgl>y1 & !n foll[ commitm5t to a #hi re=matory1 :i* (t5 fails to re=m1 &1 lat]1 a crim9al c>e]4 ,i h se5 *ildr5 travel ?is road s (t5 t x is difficult to speak )\t bitt]ness ( ! un?9k+ alms t l$ !m into temptation4 ,sometimes p>5ts connive at *ild-begg+1 b (t5 !y "k no?+ ( x until ! *ildr5 h gr[n incorrigible4 ,a /rict en=cem5t ( ! laws aga9/ *ild-begg+ is v difficult until e "o is conv9c$ ( ! cruelty ( giv+ money to unkn[n *ildr5 on ! /reet or at ! door4 ,x sometimes becomes ! visitor's pa9ful duty to protect *ildr5 f cruelty1 crim9al neglect1 or immorality by legal removal f _! p>5ts' control4 ,"h a society = ! protection ( *ildr5 w (t5 r5d] valuable assi/ance4 ,su* a society is likely to be hamp]$ 9 its "w by ! unwill+ness ( *>itable visitors to tell :at !y "k 9 c\rt4 ,sometimes ?is is due to timidity1 & sometimes to a fe> ( los+ influ5ce 9 ! neighborhood4 ,cl]gym5 h be5 kn[n to refuse _! te/imony = ?is latt] reason4 ,! fri5dly visitor1 #ij ^: int]e/ is c5tr$ 9 only "o family 9 ! neighborhood1 ne$ n be s cauti\s1 & 8 cont9u\s visit+1 ext5d+ ov] _m mon?s1 makes 8 te/imony v valuable4 ,no fe> ( los+ influ5ce ) o!r memb]s ( ! family %\ld prev5t him f speak+ out :]e a *ild's future is at /ake4 ,j a few mon?s m 9 evil surr\nd+s may mean moral dea? to ! *ild1 & neighbors are notori\sly unwill+ to tell :at !y "k4 ,x is impossible to ent] "h ^u ! vex$ "q ( ! relative m]its ( bo>d+-out dep5d5t *ildr51 ( plac+ !m )\t pay 9 c\ntry homes1 or ( committ+ !m to ! c>e ( in/itutions1 ?\gh ,i _c refra9 f quot+1 9 pass+1 ! op9ion ( ,miss ,mason1 = twelve ye>s an ,engli% gov]nm5t inspector ( bo>d$-out *ildr51 t well c>ri$ out1 bo>d+-out may be ! be/ way ( c>+ = dep5d5t *ildr52 ill c>ri$ out1 x may be ! wor/4 ,!re is a v fooli% say+ t ! wor/ home is bett] ?an ! be/ in/itution1 b no "o :o kn[s h[ bad a home c be #ia or h[ good an in/itution c be w v5ture beyond ! /atem5t t1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 a home is c]ta9ly bett] ?an an in/itution4 ,! fri5dly visitor %\ld make himself famili> ) :at has be5 writt5 on ?is subject1 & %\ld be prep>$1 9 any giv5 case1 to make ! wise/ selection ( a home t local conditions make possible1 always rememb]+1 ( c\rse1 t 8 responsibility does n end "h2 t he %\ld cont9ue to visit ! *ild1 if x be plac$ )9 visit+ di/ance4 ,! visitor %\ld also be famili> ) ! local laws = ! protection ( *ildr54 ,^! usually include laws aga9/ *ild-begg+2 aga9/ sell+ liquor & tobacco to m9ors2 aga9/ ! employm5t ( *ildr5 z p$l]s1 public s+]s1 danc]s1 etc42 aga9/ ! employm5t ( *ildr5 "u a c]ta9 age = m ?an a specifi$ numb] ( h\rs 7or prohibit+ _! employm5t entirely72 & aga9/ ! abduction or h>bor+ ( female m9ors = immoral purposes4 ,:at1 above ! ma/]y ( all ^! details1 #ib %\ld be ! visitor's cle> aim8 ,to see to x t ! *ildr5 are bett] (f ?an _! p>5ts 71 & are sav$ f ! pitfalls into :i* ! latt] h fall52 t ! boys are bett] equipp$ to become breadw9n]s1 & ! girls to become homemak]s4 ,! tra9+ giv5 9 our public s*ools w (t5 seem v inadequate1 & "s ( u look =w>d to ! day :5 e boy & girl betwe5 ! ages ( six & sixte5 %all be tra9$ to use h& & bra91 :5 manual tra9+ %all be "p ( ! daily in/ruction ( e s*ool c\rse4 ,until ?is day comes1 ! visitor mu/ make use ( su* aids z ev5+ classes 9 boys' & girls' clubs1 p's in/itutes1 & ,*ri/ian associations4 ,a *ild's capabilities %\ld be /udi$ & e enc\ragem5t giv5 to 8 small ambitions4 ,b ! be/ help1 aft] all1 is 9 ! p]sonal influ5ce t ! visitor c acquire ov] ! gr[+ *ild4 ,:5 we ?9k :at p]sonal influ5ce has done 9 our own lives1 h[ x has m\ld$ our convictions1 our ta/es1 our v mann] ( spee*1 ev51 we %\ld n despair ( ! *ildr51 if we c #ic atta* !m to u & give !m a new & bett] outlook ^u life4 ,! "t :5 we c be ( ! greate/ help to !m is dur+ ! disorganiz$ p]iod t comes betwe5 ! s*ool days & ! settl+ d[n 9 life4 ,_m a "y life has gone to wreck = lack ( a guid+ h& at ?is "t1 = lack ( a fri5d to make sugge/ions ab\t employm5t1 companions1 amusem5ts1 & home relations4 ,! failure ( philan?ropy to make any adequate provision = ?is critical p]iod acc\nts1 9 "p1 = ! l>ge numb] ( m>ri$ vagabonds 9 our great cities4 ,collat]al ,read+s3 ,on c>e ( infants see leaflets ( local ,bo>ds ( ,heal?4 ,! ,work+ ,*ild1 ,flor5ce ,kelley 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-?ird ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #afa sq4 ,! ,work+ ,boy1 ! same 9 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #c4 ,*ild ,labor1 ,w4 ,f4 ,will\ghby & ,cl>e de ,graff5reid 9 publications ( ,am]ican ,economic ,association4 ,influ5ce ( ,manual ,tra9+ on ,"*1 ,felix ,adl] 9 ,proce$+s ( ,fifte5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #bgb sq4 ,*ildr5 ( ! ,road1 ,josiah ,flynt 9 ,atlantic1 ,janu>y1 #ahif4 ,family ,life = ,dep5d5t & ,wayw>d ,*ildr51 ,hom] ,folks1 volume on ,c>e ( ,*ildr5 9 ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,congress ( ,*>ities at ,*icago1 pp4 #fi sq4 ,/ory ( ,! ,*ild's #id ,"m1 9 ,mrs4 ,m>g>et ,del&'s ,old ,*e/] ,tales4 ,! ,wisdom ( ,fools1 ,mrs4 ,m>g>et ,del& 7see1 = difficulties 9 reclaim+ girls1 ! /ory entitl$ ,! ,law & ! ,gospel74 ,reports ( ,conv5tions ( ,work+ ,girls' ,societies at ,bo/on1 #ahid1 & ,philadelphia1 #ahig4 ,= pamphlets on ,s*ool ,sav+s ,banks apply to ,j4 ,h4 ,?iry1 ,long ,isl& ,city1 ,n4,y4 #a ,proce$+s ( ,fifte5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 #ahhg1 p4 #aeb4 #b ,miss ,z4 ,d4 ,smi?4 #c ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,congress ( ,*>ities1 ,*icago1 #ahic4 ,volume on ,c>e ( ,*ildr51 p4 #g4 #d ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-?ird ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 #ahif1 p4 #afd4 #e ,*>ities ,review1 ,vol4 ,,vi1 pp4 #dcc sq4 #f pp4 #ac sq4 #ie ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,heal? ,ab\t "o-f\r? ( all ! pov]ty t has come )9 ! scope ( *>itable inve/igation is directly caus$ by sickness4 ,9 bo? ,am]ican & ,engli% exp]i5ce1 writes ,w>n]1 ! p]c5tage attributable to ?is cause s9ks b once slightly bel[ fifte5 & nev] q rea*es ?irty4 ,! av]age is betwe5 tw5ty & tw5ty-five4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ significant facts br\ght out by ^! tables ( ! /ati/ical causes ( pov]ty4 ,x is n "o :i* ! au?or anticipat$ :5 ! collection ( /ati/ics began2 & yet x has be5 confirm$ & reconfirm$ 9 s _m ways t ! conclusion seems inevitable t ! figures set =? real & important facts4 ,p]sonal acqua9tance ) ! de/itute classes has fur!r conv9c$ him t mo/ ( ! #if causes ( pov]ty result f or result 9 a weak5$ physical & m5tal con/itution1 (t5 m]g+ into actual disease4 #a ,?is fact gives add$ importance to all ! ef=ts ( mod]n *>ity to secure improv$ dwell+s1 op5 spaces1 *eap ba?s1 & bett] municipal sanitation = ! poor4 ,b improvem5t 9 ^! matt]s _c come entirely f )\t2 ! model t5em5t implies a model t5ant4 ,z a ,london au?ority puts x3 ,! condition ( ! h\se may degrade its occupants4 ,! c>eless life & habits ( ! occupants w spoil ! h\se1 & make x fil?y & unheal?y4 ,! fri5dly visitor %\ld try to make ! family heal?ily discont5t$ ) unsanit>y surr\nd+s1 & s prep>e !m = bett] qu>t]s4 ,remov+ families f unfit t5em5ts is n en\gh1 h[ev]1 if ^! t5em5ts are almo/ imm$iately reoccupi$4 ,_! condition %\ld be report$ to ! ,bo>d ( ,heal?1 &1 if condemn$1 we %\ld see t no "o else is p]mitt$ to move into !m4 ,i h (t5 notic$ t *>ity ag5ts1 #ig :o "w habitually 9 poor neighborhoods1 get s accu/om$ to bad sanit>y conditions t !y h>dly notice !m4 ,volunte] work]s are n s likely to fall into ?is error1 ?\gh x is possible = volunte]s to be v unobs]vant4 ,!y (t5 feel t ?+s are all wrong1 )\t be+ able to /ate ! specific difficulties4 ,an obs]vant visitor w le>n ! condition ( ! cell>1 walls1 y>d1 plumb+1 & ou?\ses2 w le>n to take ! cubic cont5ts ( a room 9 ord] to f9d out ! air space = ea* sleep]2 w le>n ! family me?od ( g>bage disposal2 w see h[ ! rooms are v5tilat$2 & w le>n all ^! ?+s )\t ask+ _m que/ions4 ,dampness is a v common cause ( sickness2 :5 ! *ildr5 c\gh x is a v simple matt] to ask ab\t ! cell>1 & ev5 get p]mission to see x4 ,! prejudice aga9/ fre% air1 especially night air1 is a difficult "o to ov]come4 ,"o "m1 :o kept h] *ildr5 scrupul\sly clean1 c\ld nev] und]/& ! value ( fre% air until a visitor expla9$ to h] h[ air 0 pollut$ by ! soil$ air t we #ih brea!d out1 j z wat] 0 pollut$ :5 we wa%$ our h&s 9 x4 ,:5 ! *ildr5 brea!d ?is soil$ air 9 aga9 x made !m dirty inside2 & ?is homely /atem5t left su* an unpleasant picture 9 ! "m's m9d t h] rooms 7 always well v5tilat$ aft]w>d4 ,x is difficult to v5tilate a small room )\t mak+ a draft1 b1 next to ! *imney1 ! upp] sa% is ! simple/ v5tilator1 & %\ld n be immovable1 z x is 9 _m small h\ses4 ,a bo>d ab\t five in*es wide "u ! l[] sa% w make a curr5t ( air betwe5 ! upp] & l[] sa%es1 &1 bett] /ill1 two pieces ( elb[ pipe ) damp]s1 fix$ 9 ! bo>d1 w ?r[ a good curr5t ( air upw>d into ! room4 ,ano!r v5tilator c be made by tack+ a /rip ( loosely wov5 mat]ial to ! upp] sa% & to ! top ( ! w9d[-frame4 ,:5 ! upp] sa% is dropp$1 ! /uff is drawn taut ov] ! op5+1 &1 :ile p]mitt+ air to pass ?r\gh1 breaks ! curr5t4 ,equal 9 importance ) fre% air inside ! h\se is ex]cise out ( doors4 ,i 0 #ii %ock$ "s ye>s ago to f9d t1 ( six ,sunday-s*ool boys :o w5t ) me on a little trip to our l>ge/ city p>k1 five _h nev] be5 !re be=e4 ,?is _h n be5 due to lack ( "t or money1 ?\gh !y _h v little ( ei!r2 b its sole cause _h be5 lack ( ent]prise4 ,!re is an impati5t & popul> say+ t soap & wat] are *eap2 l _m o!r popul> say+s1 x is only half true4 ,p]sonal cleanl9ess is r exp5sive :5 "o takes into acc\nt ! "t1 en]gy1 & frequ5t *anges ( clo?+ requir$ to keep ! body da9tily clean4 ,visitors %\ld realize ?is 9 any ef=t to introduce a high] /&>d ( p]sonal neatness1 & %\ld n be impati5t :5 !y d n imm$iately succe$4 ,cleanl9ess & heal? are s ne>ly relat$1 h[ev]1 t ! ef=t is v well wor? mak+4 ,a visitor :o hesitat$ to compla9 to a "m ab\t h] little girl's neglect$ condition1 borr[$ ! *ild to sp5d ! day1 & br\ght h] home at night sweet1 clean1 & rosy1 ) h] hair well bru%$ & curl$4 ,! h9t 0 tak54 #ajj ,x w\ld be v un=tunate = ! visitor to be an al>mi/1 = !re are imag9>y invalids among ! poor z well z else:]e1 b m frequ5tly ! poor neglect ! e>li] symptoms ( sickness altoge!r1 or else dose !mselves ) pat5t m$ic9es4 ,! quack doctors :o adv]tise 9 ! daily pap]s draw mu* ( _! cu/om f ! v poor1 :o are also l>ge consum]s ( cure-alls & propriet>y m$ic9es4 ,we h se5 h[ *ildr5's physical defects c pass unnotic$ at home1 & ?is is ! case 9 a less degree ) ! defects & ailm5ts ( adults4 ,! v *eap grade ( m$ical s]vice t is sometimes giv5 by regul> practition]s 9 poor neighborhoods has a t5d5cy to disc\rage ! poor f tak+ sickness 9 "t4 ,! visitor c help !m to procure bett] m$ical s]vice at reasonable *>ges or1 :5 necess>y1 )\t *>ge4 ,! grade ( s]vice 9 disp5s>ies v>ies greatly1 b ! m$ical advice & directions giv5 !re ) ! m$ic9es c be made f> m useful if ! visitor w g ) ! pati5t & see t ! directions are und]/ood & c>ri$ #aja out4 ,(t5 no adult 9 ! family c sp>e ! "t to g ) a sick *ild to ! disp5s>y4 ,"h1 too1 ! visitor's s]vice w be helpful4 ,9 cases ( contagi\s disease1 see t ! ,bo>d ( ,heal? is notifi$ promptly4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 an acute case ( illness c usually be bett] & m economically c>$ = 9 a hospital ?an 9 a poor home4 ,9 fact1 al?\gh hospitals 7 int5d$ orig9ally = ! de/itute sick1 ! practice ( s5d+ well-to-d pati5ts !re is rapidly spread+4 ,! prejudice aga9/ hospitals1 /ill s g5]al among ! poor1 is a survival f a "t :5 hospital c>e 0 f> less humane ?an n[4 ,if ! visitor has ev] be5 a pati5t 9 a hospital1 & c tell 8 own exp]i5ce or ! exp]i5ces ( fri5ds1 or if he happ5s to "k "s ( ! doctors or nurses1 & promises to see !m ab\t 8 poor fri5d1 ! prejudice c (t5 be ov]come4 ,! dread ( ! untri$ & ! unkn[n is natural en\gh1 & yet x w happ5 n[ & !n t hospital c>e is s cle>ly ! be/ ?+ t no?+ c take ! place #ajb ( x1 & suff]+ & loss w be entail$ ^u ! family by _! refusal to let ! sick memb] g4 ,9 su* cases *>itable p may be ju/ifi$ 9 help+ ! family to a "r decision by )hold+ all relief4 ,! prejudice aga9/ hospitals is /rong 9 ! negro race4 ,9 ! fir/ family ,i ev] visit$ ! "m1 a color$ woman1 _h be5 b$ridd5 = ?irte5 mon?s4 ,accord+ to h] own acc\nt %e _h be5 conjur$1 & at fir/ ! m5tion ( a hospital made h] hy/]ical4 ,%e cons5t$ to let a doctor1 :o 0 a fri5d ( m9e1 see h]1 & he pron\nc$ h] disease sciatic rheumatism4 ,he said %e c\ld nev] get well at home ) f\r small1 noisy *ildr51 &1 besides1 ! walls ( h] h\se 7 damp4 ,aft] two mon?s ( p]suad+1 ,i got ! "m into a hospital & ! family mov$ into a dry h\se4 ,among ! argum5ts t won h] 7 my own acqua9tance ) ! hospital nurses1 & my promise to visit h] frequ5tly :ile !re2 & my fur!r promise to see t ! *ildr5 7 well c>$ = :ile %e 0 away4 ,b ! argum5t t tipp$ ! scale 0 ! #ajc promise to take h] away to ! hospital 9 a c>riage ) two horses4 ,among ! cases 9 :i* hospital c>e is n practicable are ^? ( *ronic invalids1 ( pati5ts too sick to be mov$1 & ( pati5ts able to be treat$ z out-pati5ts 9 ! disp5s>ies4 ,conf9em5t cases1 :]e !re are *ildr5 9 ! family :o mu/ be plac$ tempor>ily 9 in/itutions if ! "m leaves home1 are be/ treat$ 9 ! home4 ,!re are societies t provide a nurse & baby-l95 at su* times4 ,"s families are s degrad$ t !y look =w>d to times ( conf9em5t z times ( pl5ty 7see family cit$ on p4 #ee71 & 9 ^! cases no?+ b hospital c>e %\ld be (f]$1 :ile we place ! *ildr5 tempor>ily 9 in/itutions or ) neighbors4 ,= ! de/itute sick outside ( hospitals1 di/rict nurses are n[ provid$ 9 _m cities4 ,:5 ^! nurses are c>eful to in/ruct well memb]s ( ! h\sehold 9 ! c>e ( ! sick1 _! influ5ce is especially helpful1 & !y are (t5 able n only to relieve suff]+1 b to raise ! /&>d ( liv+ 9 ! home4 ,diet kit*5s1 supply+ food specially #ajd prep>$ = ! sick ei!r free or at a nom9al co/1 are also f\nd 9 _m ( our cities4 ,) all ! *>ities provid$ = ! sick1 !re is /ill ne$ ( bett] provision 9 ?is c\ntry = convalesc5ts1 :o are s5t f ! hospitals too weak to resume "w1 & /ill ne$+ re/1 good food1 & pure air to effect a complete cure4 ,two classes ( invalids rema9 to be m5tion$ 9 ?is cond5s$ summ>y4 ,fir/1 accid5t cases1 9 :i* ! visitor mu/ be c>eful to see t legal r$ress is obta9$ :5 ! case is "o = damages1 & mu/1 at ! same "t1 protect ! victim f lawy]s :o are glad to take a sure case = half ! proce$s4 ,second1 incurables1 = :om homes are provid$ requir+ an entrance fee1 or = :om1 m (t51 no?+ rema9s b ! alm%\se4 ,! visitor c sometimes secure ! cop]ation ( fri5ds & *>ities int]e/$1 & s raise en\gh money to provide ! fee = su* an invalid1 :51 )\t cop]ation1 z mu* money & m w\ld be sp5t & ! pati5t rema9 9 ! end unprovid$ =4 ,*>itable p (t5 #aje get tir$2 !y w d a great deal = a :ile1 & w !n get int]e/$ else:]e1 & grudge ! help t is /ill ne$$4 ,9 view ( ?is fail+1 x is mu* bett]1 9 mak+ plans = incurables1 to secure a lump sum t w make adequate provision1 ?an to dep5d ^u ! cont9u$ int]e/ ( a numb] ( p4 ,! migration ( invalids is ! la/ po9t ^u :i* ,i %all attempt to t\* "u ?is head4 ,any "o :o has visit$ ,cali=nia1 ,florida1 ,colorado1 or any o!r "p ( our c\ntry :]e climatic conditions are suppos$ to be favorable = invalids1 w realize ! irresponsible way 9 :i* *>itable p are accu/om$ to s5d ! sick :]e !y d n belong4 ,! wor/ ( x is t ! sudd5 *ange ( climate & ! impossibility ( secur+ prop] c>e1 s f> f effect+ a cure1 9 _m cases ha/5 dea?4 ,! sadde/ ?+ ab\t ! life ( a ,d5v] m9i/]1 writes ,rev4 ,samuel ,a4 ,eliot1 is ! numb] ( lonely fun]als t he is call$ ^u to att5d4 ,(t5 ,i h be5 ha/ily summon$ to say a pray] ov] "s poor body at ! und]tak]'s #ajf %op1 :]e !re w\ld be pres5t j ! und]tak] & ! m9i/]1 ) p]haps ! keep] ( ! bo>d+-h\se :]e ! lad di$ or an (fic] ( ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society4 ,i look at ! y\?ful victim ( ignorant good-w borne to 8 neglect$ grave1 ,i imag9e ! "m & si/]s 9 ! f>mh\se on ! ,new ,engl& hillside1 ^: t5d]ness might h soo!d 8 la/ h\rs1 & ,i ?9k ) bitt]ness ( ! well-meant b misdirect$ *>ity :i* condemn$ him to a mis]able exile & a =lorn dea?4 #b ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t *ange ( climate is helpful only 9 ! e>li] /ages ( disease1 & only !n :5 ! pati5t is able to live 9 comp>ative com=t1 free f worry & anxiety4 ,to s5d invalids to a /range place 9 ! "n ( *>ity1 )\t provid+ !m ) ! means ( subsi/5ce1 is ! ref9em5t ( cruelty4 ,collat]al ,read+s3 ,publications ( local ,bo>d ( ,heal?4 ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,congress ( ,*>ities1 ,*icago1 #ahic1 volume on ,hospitals1 ,disp5s>ies1 #ajg & ,nurs+4 ,in/ructive ,di/rict ,nurs+1 ,m4 ,k4 ,s$gewick 9 ,=um1 ,vol4 ,,xxii1 pp4 #big sq4 ,! ,feeble-m9d$1 ,dr4 ,george ,h4 ,knight 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-second ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #aej sq4 ,see also discussion 9 same volume1 pp4 #dfj sq4 ,! ,c>e ( ,epileptics1 ,william ,p4 ,let*wor? 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-?ird ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #aii sq4 ,indu/rial ,education ( ,epileptics1 ,dr4 ,william ,p4 ,spratl+ 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-f\r? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #fi sq4 ,de/itute ,convalesc5ts3 ,aft] ,c>e ( ! ,insane1 ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,dewey 9 ! same1 pp4 #gf sq4 ,see also discussion on pp4 #dfd sq4 #a ,am]ican ,*>ities1 p4 #dj4 #b ,proce$+s ( ! ,n9ete5? ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 ,d5v]1 #ahib1 pp4 #ia sq4 #ajh ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,sp5d+ ,,& ,,sav+ ,!re is a new s*ool ( philan?ropi/s t are incl9$ to make light ( ?rift1 & to class bo? indu/ry & ?rift among ! m]ely economic virtues4 ,to ?is s*ool mu/ belong ! settlem5t work] :o spoke ( ?rift z ord9>ily r demoraliz+4 #a ,b ano!r objection to ?rift :i* has be5 made by settlem5t work]s is t x 0 only good = ! work+ classes until _! employ]s discov]$ t !re 0 a m>g9 to _! employees' wages4 ,is x true t indu/ry & ?rift are m]ely economic virtues8 ,we in/9ctively feel t !y are some?+ m4 ,"o has only to ?9k ( a lazy man to get an impression ( some?+ ess5tially contemptible & #aji c[>dly4 ,on ! o!r h& ! man t loves "w & ?r[s himself into x ) en]gy is w9n+ m ?an mat]ial rew>ds4 ,! ?riftless & ! extravagant1 :e!r ri* or poor1 are (t5 mean & self-indulg5t1 lack+ ! fir/ quality ( ! unselfi% 9 lack+ self-control4 ,9 tea*+ indu/ry & ?rift1 !re=e1--?\gh ^! virtues1 l o!rs1 h an unlovely side1--we may feel t we are deal+ ) two ( ! elem5ts out ( :i* n only "* b all ! social virtues are built4 ,nor w ! pessimi/ic !ory t ! work] mu/ sp5d z mu* z possible on indiff]5t food & h\s+ 9 ord] to keep up ! rate ( wages1 be> ! light ( common s5se4 ,x is true t ! man :o m]ely ho>ds = ! sake ( ho>d+1 develop+ no new & high] wants1 no cle>ly def9$ aims1 w /ill be almo/ z helpless z ! mo/ ?riftless4 ,b no "o is m helpless aga9/ ! encroa*m5ts ( employ]s ?an ! man :o lives f h& to m\?1 ^: necessities press ev] h>d ^u him1 crippl+ him & crippl+ ^? #aaj ) :om he competes 9 ! op5 m>ket4 ,!n aga91 successful cop]ation is impossible to ! ?riftless4 ,! lack ( self-control1 ! lack ( p[] to def] _! pleasures1 unfits !m = comb9$ ef=t & makes x m difficult = !m to be loyal to _! fell[-workm54 ,visitors c advocate ?rift1 !re=e1 = bo? economic & moral reasons4 ,!re is a use ( ! ^w ?rift t may help u to realize its be/ mean+4 ,g>d5]s call a plant ( vigor\s gr[? a ?rifty plant4 ,let u be> ?is 9 m9d 9 our *>itable "w1 & rememb] t any?+ t h9d]s vigor\s gr[? is ess5tially un?rifty4 ,?rift means some?+ m ?an ! ho>d+ ( small sav+s4 ,9 fact1 sav+ at ! exp5se ( heal?1 or tra9+1 or "s o!r necess>y prep>ation = successful liv+1 is always un?rifty4 ,x is un?rifty to live 9 damp rooms to secure *eap] r5t2 x is un?rifty to put aside money = burial insurance :5 ! *ildr5 are und]f$2 x is un?rifty ei!r to buy pat5t m$ic9es or to neglect e>ly symptoms ( disease 9 ord] to save a doctor's bill2 above all1 x #aaa is un?rifty to take "y *ildr5 away f s*ool & =ce !m to become breadw9n]s4 ,?rift1 !re=e1 includes sp5d+ z well z sav+4 ,*>ity work]s (t5 compla9 t1 9 ! poor families kn[n to !m1 ?rift is impossible1 because !re is no?+ to save4 ,m (t5 ?an n ?is means t _! relations ) ! poor h ceas$ z soon z acute di/ress is pa/1 & t !y h /opp$ visit+ at ! v "t :5 improv$ mat]ial conditions h made ! be/ fri5dly s]vices possible4 ,any attempt to divide ! poor into classes is to be deprecat$1 because human be+s are n easily classifi$4 ,b1 speak+ r\ghly1 & us+ ! classification m]ely z a tempor>y conv5i5ce1 *>ity work]s w f9d t ! ?rift habit divides ! poor into ?ree classes4 ,fir/1 ^? :o are v ?rifty1 & ?is is a l>ge class4 ,mis=tune may ov]take ! mo/ provid5t dur+ long p]iods ( indu/rial depression1 or !y may become tempor>ily dep5d5t ?r\gh sickness or "s un=ese5 accid5t4 ,! second class includes #aab ^? :o are will+ to "w :5 "w is pl5tiful1 b :o h little p]si/5ce or res\rcefulness 9 procur+ "w4 ,9 ! busy season !y sp5d lavi%ly on *eap pleasures & soon become applicants = relief 9 tr\bl$ times4 ,debt has no t]rors = !m1 &1 f _! po9t ( view1 x is useless to save because !y _c save en\gh to make x seem wor? :ile4 ,9 ! ?ird class we f9d ! lazy & vici\s1 :o %irk "w1 &1 liv+ by _! wits1 are bett] (f 9 bad times ?an 9 good4 ,x is ) ! second class t ! *>itable may "w la/+ h>m or la/+ good4 ,to let !m feel t no responsibility re/s ) !m dur+ ! busy season1 & t all ! responsibility re/s ) u to relieve _! ne$s :5 ! busy season is ov]1 rapidly pu%es !m into ! ?ird class4 ,to tea* !m1 on ! o!r h&1 ! p[] & cumulative value ( ! sav+ habit1 & s get !m be=eh& ) ! _w1 is to place !m 9 ! fir/ class & soon r5d] !m indep5d5t ( our mat]ial help4 #b #aac ,a *>act]i/ic ( ! second class is ! habit ( buy+ on cr$it4 ,! book at ! corn] groc]y n only tempts ! pur*as] into buy+ unnecess>y ?+s1 b ! prices are high] ?an ! m>ket rate = inf]ior goods4 ,a /ud5t 9 a univ]sity laboratory1 :o is also a fri5dly visitor1 _h occasion to use "s sug> 9 "o ( 8 exp]im5ts1 &1 be+ hurri$1 pur*as$ x f ! ne>e/ corn] groc]y1 pay+ m ?an ! usual price4 ,x prov$ to be badly adult]at$1 & ! us] has be5 m c>eful s9ce 9 advis+ 8 poor fri5ds ab\t pur*as+ provisions4 ,! cr$it sy/em is ! natural outcome ( unc]ta9 income1 & = t reason is h>d to avoid1 b 9 a numb] ( in/ances x is cont9u$ long aft] ! necessity t caus$ ! buy] to ask cr$it has ceas$ to exi/4 ,ano!r & less excusable =m ( ! cr$it sy/em is buy+ h\sehold goods on ! in/alm5t plan4 ,! poor are (t5 teas$ into ?is by glib ag5ts4 ,an old woman1 ^: income 0 n suffici5t to keep h] alive1 contract$ to buy a clock on ! in/alm5t plan = #h4jj because %e ne$$ "o :5 %e #aad occasionally _h a day's job ( clean+4 ,:5 h] visitor remon/rat$ t a doll> clock w\ld h done q z well1 %e repli$ triumphantly1 ,yes1 b ?is "o is only #be c5ts a week6 ,:5 paym5ts _c be made1 & ! pur*as] is ?reat5$ ) ! loss ( ! goods1 x is possible to be too ha/y 9 ru%+ to ! rescue4 ,! ,fifte5? ,report ( ! ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities records su* an exp]i5ce4 ,a family _h pur*as$ furniture ^u ! in/alm5t plan1 :5 ! husb& 0 sudd5ly depriv$ ( 8 job4 ,! furniture 0 ab\t to be seiz$1 :5 g5]\s sympa?iz]s came to ! rescue1 & r$eem$ ! articles4 ,sc>cely _h ! donors "t to realize :at a f9ancial relief !y _h be5 able to give to ! tr\bl$ family be=e ! same bit ( folly 0 repeat$1 & 'p>lor furniture' 0 add$ to ! inv5tory ( goods & *attels to be paid = by ! week4 #c ,:5 in/alm5t m5 ?reat5 seizure1 x is well to f9d out :e!r !y are act+ )9 ! law4 ,!y h be5 kn[n to take advantage ( ignorant cli5ts4 ,b ! sy/em #aae itself is bad 9 t x enc\rages ! pur*ase ( unnecess>y ?+s1 & at a great advance ^u ca% prices4 ,:5 ! poor man w\ld borr[1 he is (t5 expos$ to ! impositions ( a class ( unscrupul\s money l5d]s1 :o violate ! laws aga9/ usury1 b hope to escape puni%m5t or loss ?r\gh ! ignorance ( _! cu/om]s4 ,! pitiful "p ( x is t ! self-respect+ poor (t5 fall into _! traps4 ,a family 9 pecuni>y /raits = ! fir/ "t is naturally attract$ by ! speci\s adv]tisem5ts ( ! *attel-mortgage companies1 :i* (f] to l5d money on goods t ! borr[] keeps 9 8 possession1 & promise t all negotiations %all be /rictly confid5tial4 ,?is seems an easy way out ( pres5t difficulties )\t loss ( self-respect or any pa9ful publicity4 ,b ! t]ms ( ! contract are f> f easy 9 reality4 ,?r\gh a sy/em ( bonuses1 extra fees1 or mon?ly paym5ts = gu>antee+ ! loan1 int]e/ am\nt+ to f #ajj p] c5t to #bjj p] c5t a ye> is wrung f ! borr[]s4 ,bl$ dry at la/1 & unable to pay #aaf su* extortionate int]e/ & ! pr9cipal too1 _! goods are seiz$1 & ! memb]s ( ! h\sehold become objects ( *>ity4 ,:]eev] ^! *attel-mortgage companies ga9 any foo?old1 _m ( _! victims are applicants = relief4 ,! law usually furni%es ample protection1 b ! companies fl\ri% ?r\gh ! poor man's ignorance ( ! law4 ,z soon z a visitor le>ns t ! goods ( a poor family are mortgag$1 he %\ld1 at once1 :e!r ! company is press+ = paym5t or n1 le>n ! t]ms ( ! contract1 & get an op9ion z to its validity f "s fri5d :o is a lawy]4 ,! usual =m ( contract 9 ,m>yl& is a six mon?s' mortgage1 be>+ #f p] c5t int]e/1 ) ! legal *>ge = record+ d$uct$ f ! am\nt advanc$ to ! borr[]4 ,b1 9 addition to ?is1 notes = f #b4jj upw>d1 accord+ to ! size ( ! loan1 are made payable mon?ly to "s ?ird p>ty :o is suppos$ to gu>antee ! loan4 ,lawy]s advise no paym5ts on ^! notes1 & t pr9cipal & legal int]e/ be (f]$ at ! expiration ( ! mortgage4 ,if ?is (f] #aag is refus$1 ! company r5d]s itself liable to damage proce$+s 9 seiz+ ! furniture4 ,9 ea* case1 h[ev]1 x is bett] to h a lawy]'s advice1 z ! contracts v>y1 & ignorant m51 :o ?\ght !y 7 sign+ a six mon?s' mortgage1 h be5 kn[n to sign a "o mon?'s mortgage in/ead4 ,! law aga9/ usury c protect ^? :o "k en\gh to apply x1 b ! poor man rema9s unprovid$ ) any satisfactory means ( negotiat+ a loan4 ,! legal rate ( int]e/ is too l[ to make loans on *attels pr(itable4 ,! organization1 by public-spirit$ bus9ess m51 ( companies t w be c>eful 9 tak+ risks1 & w secure special legislation enabl+ !m to *>ge n m ?an a reasonable rate ( int]e/1 is ! only rem$y4 ,companies l ^! h be5 organiz$ successfully 9 ,bo/on & ,buffalo by philan?ropi/s :o 7 also bus9ess m5 & wise en\gh to realize ! importance ( plac+ su* loan ag5cies on an equitable bus9ess basis4 ,sev]al advantages are app>5t f ! work+ ( ^! equitable loan companies4 ,^? :o _c #aah prop]ly negotiate a loan are disc\rag$ f apply+1 because ! loans are made ) great c>e4 ,^? :o get ! loans are fairly dealt )1 & are help$ at ! "r "t 9 a way t saves !m f becom+ applicants = *>ity4 ,be/ ( all1 ! o!r loan companies are =c$ to r$uce _! rate ( int]e/1 & (f] fair] t]ms4 ,! habit ( pawn+ goods has nev] become g5]al among our native population1 b among ! =eign poor ( our l>ge cities x is ! common practice2 & "h1 too1 ! philan?ropic pawn%op1 />t$ at ! in/ance ( ! ,new ,york ,*>ity ,organization ,society1 has r$uc$ ! p]c5tage *>g$ by o!r pawn%ops 9 ,new ,york4 ,?is new int]e/ tak5 by philan?ropy 9 ! poor man z borr[] is /ill 9 ! t5tative & exp]im5tal /age1 b !re is an enc\rag+ analogy betwe5 its beg9n+s & ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! sav+s banks4 ,x is seldom rememb]$1 says ,mrs4 ,l[ell1 t ! great s*eme ( sav+s banks 0 orig9ally conceiv$ & put into op]ation z a means ( help+ ! poor4 ,! two fir/ #aai sav+s banks 7 />t$ 9 ,hamburg 9 #aggh1 & 9 ,b]ne 9 #aghg1 & bo? 7 m or less closely re/rict$ to ! use ( dome/ic s]vants1 h&icraftsm5 & ! l4 ,! ,hamburg bank 0 "p ( ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! poor funds4 #d ,:5 ! poor man attempts to save1 :at inducem5ts h greate/ weight ) him8 ,fir/ ( all1 he is likely to save = "s def9ite & imm$iate object1 because he _c sp5d 9 any effective way until he has sav$4 ,9 tea*+ %iftless families to put by small sums1 !re=e1 x is well to keep "s def9ite object 9 view4 ,= in/ance1 p]suade ! *ildr5 to save to buy ne$$ clo?+1 or ! p>5ts to save to buy prop] clo?+1 b$d+1 etc41 = ! *ildr54 ,?is /r5g!ns family affection & leads ! way to a bank acc\nt lat]1 by %[+ :at money c d4#e ,next to su* imm$iate inducem5ts to ?rift comes ! dread ( paup] burial1 :i* is a f> m influ5tial motive ) ! poor ?an ! dread ( ei!r dep5d5ce or privation4 #abj ,respectability is measur$ 9 poor neighborhoods by fun]als1 &1 :e!r ! neighborhood /&>ds ( morality & respectability are ours or n1 we _c af=d1 9 our *>ity "w1 to ignore !m4 ,extravagant fun]als are an evil1 & we %\ld use our influ5ce to disc\rage extravagance1 ev5 :]e x is root$ q z mu* 9 affection z 9 vanity2 b an unsympa!tic attitude on ! "p ( ! *>itable1 an inability to und]/& ! neighborhood po9t ( view1 has help$ to enc\rage an extravagant =m ( sav+1 namely1 burial & *ild insurance4 ,to ent] into a discussion ( ! m]its ( indu/rial insurance1 z furni%$ 9 ?is c\ntry to ! poor1 is outside ! scope ( ?is book1 & ! matt] is treat$ q fully1 moreov]1 9 ano!r volume ( ?is s]ies 7,! ,developm5t ( ,?rift1 by ,m>y ,willcox ,br[n71 b ! mo/ en?usia/ic advocates ( indu/rial insurance c h>dly claim = x t x is an inexp5sive =m ( sav+4 ,a v l>ge p]c5tage ( indu/rial policies lapse1 & x is a common ?+ to f9d t ^? :o h kept up _! paym5ts & h #aba become b5efici>ies1 sp5d ev]y?+ on ! fun]al ( ! insur$4 ,( #bjj4jj insurance receiv$ by "o wid[1 #ahj4jj 0 giv5 to ! und]tak]1 & ! rema9+ #bj4jj 0 exp5d$ = a m\rn+ outfit = h]self4 ,! family 7 be+ aid$ by ! ,em]g5cy ,society at t "t4 #f ,9 ,new ,york1 ! ag5ts ( ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society reg>d ! foll[+ z a typical in/ance3 ,a woman's husb& 0 insur$ = #acf4jj4 ,:5 he di$1 %e call$ ! same und]tak] t _h buri$ a *ild = !m4 ,8 *>ges on ! =m] occasion _h be5 mod]ate4 ,! woman told him t %e want$ a v inexp5sive fun]al ) only "o c>riage4 ,?is 0 ! only in/ruction t %e gave4 ,! und]tak] ask$ :e!r ! deceas$ 0 insur$1 & 0 told t he 01 :]eupon he (f]$ to collect ! insurance & to pay ov] to ! wid[ :at 0 left4 ,8 bill am\nt$ to #ajb4ej4 ,^! in/ances d n indicate any collusion1 ( c\rse1 betwe5 ! und]tak]s & ! insurance companies4 #abb ,we h se5 9 ano!r *apt] t sickness is "o ( ! mo/ p]si/5t causes ( di/ress1 & only 9 r>e in/ances does a dea? occur t has n be5 prec$$ by weeks & (t5 mon?s ( sickness4 ,! poor man ne$s sick b5efits m ?an burial or life insurance1 & ! *ildr5 ( ! poor /& 9 ne$ ( _m o!r ?+s besides dec5t burial4 ,9 fact1 ! money sp5t 9 *ild insurance1 :i* c be ( no possible b5efit to ! *ild1 is (t5 ne$$ to protect ! *ild's heal? or provide = its education4 ,^! %\ld be a p>5t's fir/ c>e f no sordid motive1 & yet x is a legitimate view to reg>d *ildr5 z an inve/m5t4 ,! poor man has a "r to expect support f 8 *ildr5 :5 he is no long] able to "w1 & to neglect _! be/ int]e/s is to cripple 8 own future4 ,! b5eficial societies & frat]nal ord]s furni% a means ( sav+ = sick b5efits1 b !y are ( su* v>y+ degrees ( m]it & tru/wor?9ess t x is impossible to recomm5d !m )\t qualification4 ,!y h n ga9$ ! same position t ! #abc fri5dly societies hold 9 ,engl&1 p>tly1 p]haps1 because !y are n subject 9 ,am]ica to ! same legal re/rictions & (ficial inspection4 ,?\gh ! sav+s banks are op5 to ! objection t money is too easily )drawn f !m1 & is n1 !re=e1 always available at ! "t ( greate/ ne$1 yet1 aft] mak+ e all[ance = ?is1 ! sav+s banks rema9 "o ( ! safe/ & be/ means ( putt+ by small sav+s4 ,ano!r way ( sav+1 :i* is n op5 to ! objection ( too easy )drawals1 is ! pur*ase ( %>es 9 a good build+ & loan association4 ,"s banks provide facilities = small sav+s by sell+ special /amps ( small d5om9ations1 &1 9 sev]al cities1 *>ities h e/abli%$ /amp sav+ societies to promote ! sav+ habit1 especially among *ildr54 ,:5 #e4jj has be5 sav$ 9 ?is way1 a bank acc\nt %\ld be op5$4 ,"o visitor has f\nd t1 9 gett+ *ildr5 to save1 x helps to h a /amp-sav+ c>d ( "o's own1 & %[ x4 ,z a means ( tea*+ *ildr5 to save1 visitors %\ld enc\rage ! #abd introduction ( /amp sav+s into our public s*ools4 ,ano!r way to promote small sav+s is to s5d volunte] collectors among ! poor1 :o w visit c]ta9 families weekly1 & collect ! five & t5 c5t pieces until en\gh has be5 sav$ to op5 a bank acc\nt4 ,?is "w may be comb9$ ) fri5dly visit+1 ?\gh ! collector mu/ visit at regul> int]vals1 & 9 _m cases x is bett] = ! fri5dly visitor to visit at irregul> int]vals4 ,"o visitor always leaves a small bank ) h] family :5 %e goes away 9 summ]1 & ! unlock+ ( ?is on h] return has become a family c]emony4 ,sav+ = fuel becomes an admirable object lesson1 :5 x is us$ to e/abli% ! sav+ habit & n all[$ to /op ) ! m]e pur*ase4 ,dur+ ! summ]1 families c be enc\rag$ to put by small sums weekly1 &1 in/ead ( buy+ coal 9 small quantities at v high prices dur+ ! w9t]1 c save m ?an half ! co/ by buy+ a ton or m e>ly 9 ! season4 ,9 tea*+ ?rift 9 a c>eless & %iftless #abe home1 we c get _m valuable sugge/ions f m ?rifty families 9 ! same neighborhood1 or ) ! same income4 ,to effectively advise ab\t exp5diture1 "o mu/ "k ! family budget ( receipts & exp5ditures1 & (t5 ?is is m ?an ! family kn[s4 ,le>n+ to take note ( ! items is ! fir/ lesson 9 ?rift4 ,! mo/ important ?+1 h[ev]1 is our own attitude ( m9d4 ,we mu/ n get into ! habit ( say+1 ',poor ?+s2 !y c d no?+4' ,we %\ld rid ourselves ( ! habit ( treat+ !m1 n z m5 & wom51 p :o c look aft] !mselves ) /r5g? 9 _! muscles & bra9-p[] 9 _! heads1 b z animals :om we all[ to live 9 society along ) ourselves1 tak+ = grant$ t !y are depriv$ (1 or _c ex]t1 ^? faculties :i* g to make up ! /r5g? & fibre ( m5 & wom54 ,i assure y1 ^? :o are incl9$ to take a s5tim5tal turn h great temptations put be=e !m to treat ! poor z if !y 7 dep5d5t animals4 #g #abf ,collat]al ,read+s3 ,! ,developm5t ( ,?rift1 ,miss ,m>y ,willcox ,br[n4 ,! ,/&>d ( ,life1 ,mrs4 ,b]n>d ,bosanquet1 especially ! essay on ,! ,burd5 ( ,small ,debts4 ,annual ,reports ( ! ,work+m5's ,loan ,association1 ,bo/on2 ! ,provid5t ,loan ,association1 ,new ,york2 & ! ,provid5t ,loan ,company1 ,buffalo4 ,= /amp sav+s1 see reports ( ,new ,york ,*>ity ,organization ,society 7,committee on ,p5ny ,provid5t ,fund74 #a ,see ,report on ! ,que/ions drawn up by ,pres5t ,resid5ts 9 our ,college ,settlem5ts1 p4 #ag4 ,publi%$ by ! ,*ur* ,social ,union1 ,bo/on4 #b ,leaflet on ,summ] ,sav+s1 publi%$ by ! ,baltimore ,*>ity ,organization ,society4 #c p4 #be4 #d ,public ,relief & ,private ,*>ity1 p4 #aji4 #e ,see ,f\r? ,report ( ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 p4 #ch4 #f ,eighte5? ,report ( ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 p4 #bg4 #g ,c4 ,s4 ,lo* 9 ,fifte5? ,report ( ,baltimore ,*>ity ,organization ,society4 #abg ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,recreation ,i h said t ! p[] to def] our pleasures is a m>k ( civilization4 ,!re is ano!r m>k :i*1 9 ?is busy ,am]ica ( ours1 is (t5 d5i$ to ! well-to-d z mu* z to ! poor1 & t is ! p[] to enjoy our pleasures aft] we h e>n$ !m4 ,*>ity work]s /ill und]e/imate ! value ( ! p[] to enjoy4 ,!y are likely to reg>d m]e cont5tm5t z a model virtue 9 ! poor1 :]eas t discont5t :i* has its root 9 m v>i$ & high] wants is a spl5did spur to progress4 ,pr(essor ,f4 ,g4 ,peabody quotes ,lasalle 9 nam+ z "o ( ! greate/ ob/ructions to progress among ! poor1 ,! curs$ habit ( n want+ any?+4 ,! p[] ( enjoym5t seems dead 9 _m a d[n-trodd51 sordid life1 :ile 9 _m o!rs x wa/es itself ^u unwor?y & degrad+ pleasures4 #abh ,!re is a passage 9 "o ( ,miss ,octavia ,hill's essays t ?r[s a flood ( light on ?is "q4 ,%e says t ! love ( adv5ture1 ! re/lessness s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,anglo-,saxon1 makes him1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 ! greate/ ( explor]s & coloniz]s1 & t ?is same en]gy1 "u o!r conditions1 helps to brutalize him4 ,dissatisfi$ ) ! dull r\nd ( duties t pov]ty en=ces ^u him1 he seeks artificial excitem5t 9 ! saloon & ! gambl+ d54 ,x is useless to prea* cont5tm5t to su* a man4 ,we mu/ sub/itute heal?i] excitem5ts1 o!r & bett] wants1 or society w fail to re=m him4 ,9 all ! =ms ( play1 all ! amusem5ts ( ! p1 ?\gh "s ( !m may seem to u co>se & degrad+1 !re is ?is same re/less seek+ to express :at is highe/ & be/ 9 man2 n only to express 8 love ( adv5ture1 b 8 love ( social int]c\rse & 8 love ( beauty4 ,:5 we once realize t c]ta9 vices are m]ely a p]v]sion ( good in/9cts1 we h tak5 ! fir/ /ep t[>d f9d+ _! cure4 #abi ,x has be5 said t a man's pleasures give u 8 true measure1 & t to *ange ! measure is to *ange ! man4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ! subject ( recreation is v ne> ! he>t ( ! fri5dly visitor's relation ) ! poor4 ,we may h made a consci5ti\s /udy ( ! family exp5ses & income1 ( ! sanit>y surr\nd+s1 ( ! "w record & diet1 b we %all n "k ! family until we "k :at gives !m pleasure4 ,"o visitor says t %e nev] feels acqua9t$ ) a poor family until %e has _h a good laugh ) !m4 ,a defective s5se ( humor 9 ! visitor is a great h9drance to successful "w3 poor p are no fond] ( dismal folk ?an ! re/ ( u4 ,:5 we come to recreations1 fri5dly visit+ n only makes l>ge dem&s ^u :at we "k1 b ^u :at we are4 ,our pleasures measure u q z mu* z !y measure our poor fri5ds1 &1 unless we h kept fre% our own p[] ( enjoym5t1 we _c hope to imp>t ?is p[] to ! poor1 or to give !m new & bett] wants4 ,grant+ t we h !m ourselves1 :at #acj are "s ( ! heal?y wants t we %\ld try to pass on to ! poor8 ,tak+ ! simple/ fir/1 we %\ld try to introduce simple games & a love ( pure fun into ! family circle4 ,i am indebt$ to ,miss ,beale ( ! ,bo/on ,*ildr5's ,aid ,society = ! foll[+ li/ ( simple games1 s arrang$ z to include /&+ & sitt+ games = ea* ev5+3 ,,fir/ ,,ev5+4 ,,second ,,ev5+4 #a4 ,hid+ ! ?imble4 #a4 ,/age coa*4 #b4 ,bean bag4 #b4 ,buzz4 #c4 ,dom9oes4 #c4 ,elem5ts4 ,,?ird ,,ev5+4 ,,f\r? ,,ev5+4 #a4 ,hot butt] blue beans4 #a4 ,h[1 :51 & :]e4 #b4 ,jack /raws4 #b4 ,c\nt+ buzz4 #c4 ,fruit basket4 #c4 ,magical spell+4 ,,fif? ,,ev5+4 ,,six? ,,ev5+4 #a4 ,g-bang4 #a4 ,tea-kettle4 #b4 ,spot on ! c>pet4 #b4 ,musical *airs4 #c4 ,?r[+ lights4 #c4 ,logoma*y4 ,,sev5? ,,ev5+4 ,,eigh? ,,ev5+4 #a4 ,tell+ a /ory4 #a4 ,pigs 9 clov]4 #b4 ,bl[+ ! fea!r4 #b4 ,i h a roo/] to sell4 #c4 ,au?ors4 #c4 ,c\rtesy+4 ,9 tea*+ su* games x is be/ to beg9 ) ! *ildr51 b ! p>5ts c #aca sometimes be induc$ to jo9 94 ,/ory-tell+ is also an unfail+ res\rce 9 our ef=ts to amuse ! *ildr54 ,b1 dur+ a good "p ( ! ye>1 !re are _m outdoor games 9 :i* ! *ildr5 c be int]e/$1 &1 n[ t ! trolley c>s h br\ght ! c\ntry s mu* ne>]1 c\ntry trips = ! :ole family %\ld be plann$ at frequ5t int]vals4 ,!re are few ?+s m pa!tic ?an ! dread ) :i* _m ( our city poor ?9k ( ! c\ntry1 & to tea* !m c\ntry pleasures is to re/ore to !m a bir?right ( :i* !y h be5 robb$4 ,a love ( plants & w9d[-g>d5+ is ano!r heal?ful pleasure4 ,mignonette1 g]anium1 w&]+ ,jew1 & saxifrage gr[ well 9 small spaces4 ,to "o family1 liv+ 9 t5em5t rooms :]e !re 0 no sun1 a visitor gave a pot ( g]anium4 ,lat]1 ! woman said3 ,we h tak5 x out on ! ro( e day :5 x 0 pleasant to let ! sun %9e on x ,:5 ,i c\ldn't take x1 ,m>y did2 &1 = fe> x %\ld get /ol51 we /ay & sit by x4 ,i take ! baby ) me too1 #acb & ! baby likes ! sun z well z ! fl[] does4 ,) all ! add$ int]e/ 9 outdoor ex]cise1 & ! fre]1 heal?i] life ( our "t1 we are sl[ to pass su* advantages on to ! poor4 ,! wom5 ( ! family ne$ mu* urg+1 sometimes1 to get !m to take any outdoor ex]cise4 ,bicycles are becom+ *eap]1 & a bicycle w\ld be a good inve/m5t 9 any family :]e all ! adults are work+ at indoor occupations4 ,if ! visitor f9d a gymnasium n too f> away1 ! boys & _! fa!r %\ld be induc$ to g to x4 ,) ^! add$ int]e/s1 a holiday w no long] be a ?+ to be dread$ by ! wife & "m1 = !re w be int]e/+ ?+s to d1 in/ead ( m]e loaf+ on ! corn] or at ! saloon4 ,"o visitor help$ to cure a man ( dr9k+ by gett+ him an accordion--a fact t has a t\* ( pa?os1 z indicat+ ! pov]ty ( int]e/s 9 ! poor fell['s life4 ,! pleasures ( books1 music1 & pictures ought to t\* e life at "s po9t4 ,"s ae/hetic pleasures1 x is true1 are won only #acc aft] long /udy & prep>ation1 b ! be/ art is univ]sal 9 its appeal4 ,s f> z books are conc]n$1 our free libr>ies h made u famili> ) ?is view4 ,! visitor %\ld "k ! rules ( ! ne>e/ libr>y1 & %\ld be ready to g !re ) "s memb] ( ! family1 9 case x is unkn[n to !m4 ,! saloon-keep]s 9 ,w>d #aj1 ,bo/on1 compla9 t ! new bran* ( ! ,public ,libr>y op5$ !re has int]f]$ ) _! bus9ess4 ,beside enc\rag+ ! use ( a l5d+ libr>y1 ! visitor %\ld be ready to l5d books1 newspap]s1 & magaz9es1 & %\ld be glad to borr[ a book f ! family1 :5 ?is w help to /r5g!n fri5dly relations4 ,! ref9+ influ5ce ( good pictures is j beg9n+ to be recogniz$ by ! *>itable4 ,fri5dly visitors _c always organize l>ge loan exhibitions1 su* z are giv5 9 ! poor] neighborhoods ( ,london1 ,new ,york1 & ,bo/on1 b !y c l5d a good photograph or engrav+1 :5 !y are go+ away1 & c replace x1 f "t to "t1 by ano!r picture4 ,su* loans h #acd be5 kn[n1 l ! ,ea/lake scre5 9 ,/ockton's /ory1 to revolutionize ! arrangem5t ( ! h\sehold4 ,!n1 too1 a picture (t5 conveys a lesson m effectively ?an a s]mon c4 ,mrs4 ,b>nett tells1 9 ,practicable ,socialism1 #a ( a loan exhibition 9 ,:ite*apel1 :]e ,ox=d /ud5ts act$ z guides & expla9$ ! pictures4 ,mr4 ,s*malz's picture ( ',=ev]' _h "o ev5+ be5 beautifully expla9$1 ! room be+ cr[d$ by "s ( ! humble/ p1 :o receiv$ ! explanation ) int]e/1 b 9 sil5ce4 ,! picture repres5t$ a dy+ girl to :om h] lov] _h be5 play+ 8 lute1 until1 dropp+ x1 he seem$ to be tell+ h] ) impassion$ words t 8 love is /rong] ?an dea?1 & t1 9 spite ( ! grave & sep>ation1 he w love h] =ev]4 ,i 0 /&+ outside ! exhibition 9 ! half-d>kness1 :5 two girls1 hatless1 ) "o %awl betwe5 !m ?r[n r\nd bo? _! %\ld]s1 came out4 ,!y might n be liv+ ! wor/ life1 b1 if n1 !y 7 l[ d[n en\gh to be famili> ) x1 & to see #ace 9 x only ! relation betwe5 m5 & wom54 ,! idea ( love la/+ beyond ?is life1 mak+ et]nity real1 a spiritual bond betwe5 man & woman1 _h n occurr$ to !m until ! picture ) ! simple /ory 0 %[n !m4 ',real beautiful1 a9't x all8' said "o4 ',ay1 f9e1 b t ,=ev] ,i did take on ) t1' 0 ! answ]4 ,i h liv$ ne>ly all my life 9 a community :]e1 dur+ ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 !re has be5 a great *ange 9 musical ta/e4 ,george ,peabody left money to f\nd a ,cons]vatory ( ,music1 & a few music lov]s sp5t "t & money to keep alive an ,oratorio ,society4 ,lat]1 ! visits ( ,?omas' ,or*e/ra & ( ! ,bo/on ,symphony ,or*e/ra add$ to ! /r5g? ( ^! local musical c5tres2 b = _m ye>s ! ,peabody ,cons]vatory 0 ridicul$ & misund]/ood1 & ! ,oratorio ,society 0 usually 9 f9ancial /raits4 ,i m5tion ^! facts1 because p]sons :o are dep5d5t ^u ! ,cons]vatory & ! visit+ or*e/ras = all ! good music !y "k h said to me t x mu/ be impossible = poor p ev] to appreciate good #acf music4 ,b = ! b5efactions ( ,george ,peabody1 & ( ,mr4 ,higg9son 7:o made ! ,bo/on ,or*e/ra possible71 & ( a few o!rs1 !y !mselves c\ld nev] h kn[n ! pleasure ( enjoy+ great & noble music1 &1 to ?is ext5t1 at lea/1 !y are z dep5d5t z ! poore/2 b !y are q sure t ! great compos]s h no message = ! poor4 ,!re is difficult music1 ( c\rse1 :i* only ! s*ol>ly musician c appreciate2 b mu* ( ! v be/ music1 if we once h a *ance to become famili> ) x1 appeals to all ( u4 ,!n ! arti/ic temp]am5t is n a matt] ( ei!r condition or race1 z "o ( our "y ,am]ican musicians has po9t$ out4 ,lectur+ ) musical illu/rations to audi5ces on ! ,ea/ ,side 9 ,new ,york1 & to audi5ces ( negroes 9 ,philadelphia1 he is conv9c$ t if good music 7 accessible to ! masses1 x w\ld be appreciat$1 & g f> to elevate !m4 ,my boy1 wail$ a poor "m1 0 t fond ( music x took him /raight to ! bad6 ,& no wond]1 = music--ap>t f ! tawdrie/ ( gospel hymn tunes--meant = #acg him ! saloon & ! l[ conc]t hall4 ,we ne$1 to c\nt]act su* influ5ces1 pl5ty ( *eap conc]ts ( good music2 conc]ts foll[+ ! plan ( ,!odore ,?omas ) 8 well-to-d audi5ces1 :o 7 giv5 fir/ ! be/ t !y lik$1 & !n 7 taught gradually to l bett] & bett] selections4 ,all ! high] recreations encroa* ^u ! field ( education1 & ,i am tempt$ to m5tion1 9 pass+1 "s ( ! mo/ promis+ educational ef=ts = enc\rag+ /udy among ! p4 ,! ,am]ican ,society = ! ,ext5sion ( ,univ]sity ,tea*+1 :i* has its headqu>t]s at ,philadelphia1 has conduct$ v successful c\rses ( lectures 9 poor neighborhoods4 ,! enorm\s att5dance ^u ! free ev5+ lectures giv5 by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education 9 ,new ,york s*ool build+s is also significant4 ,! popul>ity ( ! educational classes 9 work+ girls' clubs1 ,*ri/ian associations1 & p's in/itutes is ano!r good sign4 ,b ,i m5tion ^! "h m]ely to emphasize _! importance z tools = ! visitor4 ,9 families :]e an ambition has be5 ar\s$1 ! visitor #ach %\ld fo/] x by mak+ connection ) "s su* educational ag5cies4 ,!re is a v obvi\s =m ( snobb]y t we are quick en\gh to detect1 ! snobb]y t looks d[n on p :o h to "w h>d & we> %abby clo!s4 ,b an ev5 m dang]\s =m ( snobb]y1 because n s obvi\s1 is ! intellectual =m1 :i* claims an exclusive "r to culture1 & looks d[n ^u ! simple & unsophi/icat$4 ,! fact is1 t1 save = a v gift$ few1 we are all ( u dep5d5t ^u ! gifts ( o!rs = :at we "k & :at we enjoy4 ,probably !re nev] 0 a neighborhood s exclusive b _m 7 !re ^u :om education1 ref9em5ts1 & beautiful ?+s 7 q wa/$2 & !re nev] 0 a neighborhood s poor b "s 7 !re :o long$ = beauty1 education1 & a l>g] & full] life4 ,x w be se5 9 ! next *apt] t1 :5 we attempt to supply ! poor ) ! necessities ( life1 our pa? is beset ) difficulties4 ,b :5 we give !m ^? ?+s :i*1 ?\gh n necess>y to life1 yet ref9e #aci & elevate x1 we c d !m only unmix$ good4 ,gifts ( books1 fl[]s1 gr[+ plants1 pictures1 & simple decorations1 or1 z 9 "o in/ance kn[n to me1 ! pres5t ( sev]al rolls ( light-color$ wall-pap] to bright5 a d>k room--^! help to express our fri5dl9ess1 & h an add$ value z com+ f a fri5d4 ,above all1 h[ev]1 we %\ld n hesitate to %>e ) ! poor our delight 9 heal?ful & ref9+ pleasures1 & %\ld f9d x natural to talk freely ) !m ab\t our own int]e/s4 ,collat]al ,read+s3 ,p>lor ,games = ! ,wise & ,o!rwise1 ,h4 ,e4 ,h4 ,faggots = ! ,fireside1 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,p4 ,hale4 ,am]ican ,girls' ,own ,book ( ,"w & ,play1 ,mrs4 ,hel5 ,campbell4 ,gymna/ic ,games1 publi%$ by ,bo/on ,normal ,s*ool ( ,gymna/ics4 ,me?ods ( ,social ,re=m1 ,w4 ,s4 ,jevons4 ,picture ,exhibitions 9 ,l[] ,new ,york1 ,a4 ,c4 ,b]nheim] 9 ,=um1 ,vol4 ,,xix1 pp4 #faj sq4 #a pp4 #aai sq4 #adj ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,relief ,i h be5 v un=tunate if1 9 ! =ego+ *apt]s1 ,i h fail$ to make x cle> t !re are _m ways ( assi/+ ! poor 9 _! homes besides ! "o way usually impli$ by ! ^w assi/ance4 ,to "o :o kn[s ! real ne$s ( ! poor1 ! relief ( suff]+ by gifts ( food & fuel seems only a small "p ( ! "w ( *>ity2 b ! fact rema9s t ! majority ( mank9d are /ill little mov$ by any ne$s t are n closely associat$ ) hung] & cold4 ,_! imag9ations are sluggi%1 & ! :ole problem ( pov]ty appe>s to !m simpl] ?an x really is4 ,x seems to !m no m ?an a sum 9 ari?metic1--"o begg>1 "o loaf2 t5 ?\s& begg>s1 t5 ?\s& loaves2 & ! *>itable loaf is suppos$ to h moral & #ada heal+ qualities t are d5i$ to o!r loaves4 ,! tru? is t *>itable ca% & commodities h no moral qualities 9 !mselves2 n ev5 ! good int5tions ( ! giv] c end[ !m ) peculi> virtues4 ,l all o!r commodities1 h[ev]1 !y may become ag5ts ( ei!r good or evil4 ,! way 9 :i* we h&le commodities te/s u at e turn2 te/s our s9c]ity1 our honor1 our s5se ( spiritual ?+s4 ,mat]ial relief te/s u too4 ,if we give x believ+ t1 9 itself1 x c c>ry any bless+ to ! poor1 we are tak+ a grossly mat]ial view ( human life4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 our k ( ! mis*ief done by reckless giv+ makes u morbidly sceptical ( all mat]ial assi/ance1 we are los+ a valuable tool2 = relief at ! "r "t1 & giv5 9 ! "r way1 may be made an inc5tive to r5ew$ ex]tion1 & a help to a high] /&>d ( liv+4 ,:5 ! visitor's +5uity 9 develop+ res\rces )9 ! family r5d]s mat]ial relief f outside unnecess>y1 ! family is =tunate2 b (t5 relief f outside is a necessity1 & ! "q !n arises1 ,h[ #adb %all x be giv58 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ! h[4 ,fir/ ( all--& ?is is a lesson t visitors are sl[ to le>n--x is v unwise1 especially 9 ! fir/ mon?s ( acqua9tance1 = fri5dly visitors to give money or commodities to ! families !y visit1 ?\gh !y may f9d x necess>y to see t relief is s5t f "s o!r s\rce4 ,if "o ( our visitors f9ds h] family 9 dire di/ress1 & !re is no "t to g to ! (fice & h aid secur$ 9 "s o!r way1 %e ( c\rse1 l any "o else1 furni%es x at once f h] own pocket4 ,b except 9 ^! r>e em]g5cies1 our visitors d n !mselves give relief to ^? !y visit4 ,we believe ?is is a wise rule1 & aft] eight ye>s' exp]i5ce we w\ld n *ange x4 ,if a /rang] (f]$ y a gift1 y w\ld feel insult$ & refuse x ,suppose y 7 con/ra9$ by necessity to accept x--w\ld x n make a c]ta9 b> betwe5 y & t /rang] v difficult to break d[n8 ,imag9e y\rself ( a diff]5t temp]1 t y want$ all y c\ld get4 ,w\ld y #adc n be likely to talk m freely or tru?fully to "o :o y knew w\ld give y no?+ ?an to "o f :om y hop$ a plausible tale w\ld draw a doll>8 ,= ! visitor's sake also ! rule is a good "o4 ,we are apt to ?9k our duty done if we h giv5 money1 & if we _c d t1 we are =c$ to use our +5uity to f9d o!r & bett] ways ( help+4 #a ,x is elev5 ye>s s9ce ! =ego+ passage 0 writt51 b ! exp]i5ce ( almo/ e practical work] 9 *>ity w confirm x4 ,fri5dly visitors are human1 & _! task1 z x has be5 describ$ 9 ?is book1 is n an easy "o4 ,x is s mu* easi] to give4 ,b ! hi/ory ( _m volunte]s 9 *>ity is t1 />t+ out ) excell5t int5tions1 !y 7 tempt$ to give relief to ! families !y visit$4 ,fir/ x 0 clo?+ = ! *ildr51 !n ! r5t1 !n groc]ies1 !n m clo?+1 & ! family's ne$s1 /range to say1 seem$ to increase1 until1 f9d+ _! sugge/ions unhe$$1 & #add ! p no bett] (f1 ! volunte]s des]t$ _! po/1 &1 /ill worse1 c>ri$ away a false1 di/ort$ idea ( :at poor p are l4 ,! poor1 too1 le>n to di/ru/ a *>itable int]e/ t is n cont9u\s4 ,a little self-re/ra9t1 a little m det]m9ation to keep _! purpose cle>ly 9 m9d1 w\ld save ! *>itable & ! poor f an exp]i5ce t is h>d5+ to bo?4 ,:5 ! fri5dly visitor has kn[n a family = ye>s1 & ! fri5d%ip is ?or\ghly e/abli%$1 x is conceivable t he may be ! be/ possible s\rce ( relief2 b ! attitude t we mu/ gu>d aga9/--creep+1 z x does1 into all our relations ) ! poor z an inh]itance1 an outworn tradition--is ! attitude ( ! ,london *ur* visitor1 :o said t %e c\ld n possibly adm9i/] spiritual consolation )\t a groc]y ticket 9 h] bag4 ,x is good = ! poor & good = u to le>n t o!r & m natural relations are possible ?an ! relations ( giv] & receiv]1 ( patron & patroniz$4 ,no?+ t has be5 said1 h[ev]1 aga9/ #ade p]mitt+ ! visitor to become ! s\rce ( supplies %\ld be int]pret$ z mean+ t ! visitor is n to conc]n himself ) ! way 9 :i* relief ent]s ! home1 & its effect ^u ! welf>e ( ! family4 ,ev]y?+ t conc]ns ! welf>e ( its memb]s conc]ns him1 & t _! en]gies %\ld be p>alyz$ by a too pl5tiful supply ( relief1 or t ! lack ( x %\ld cause unnecess>y suff]+1 is a matt] t conc]ns him vitally4 ,to adm9i/] relief wisely "o ne$s special tra9+1 & an inexp]i5c$ visitor %\ld seek ! advice ( "o :o kn[s ! *>itable res\rces ( 8 own p>ticul> community & ! /&>d ( liv+ ( ! family's p>ticul> neighborhood4 ,!re are c]ta9 g5]al relief pr9ciples t common s5se & exp]i5ce h f\nd to be applicable ev]y:]e1 h[ev]1 &1 avoid+ ! te*nical language ( *>itable exp]ts1 ,i %all try to /ate ^! pr9ciples z briefly & cle>ly z possible1 "u six heads4 ,i4 ,:5 relief is ne$$ 9 a poor home1 x %\ld be giv5 9 ! home )\t any #adf publicity1 & aft] conf]5ce ) ! head ( ! family1 :o1 if unable to provide ! means ( subsi/5ce himself1 is /ill responsible = procur+ x4 ,! man ( ! family1 unless disabl$1 %\ld d all ! ask+4 ,?is means1 ( c\rse1 t wives %\ld n be s5t to *>ity (fices & private families to ask assi/ance1 & t e *>itable ag5cy1 public & private1 & e *ur* work] & e tea*] %\ld positively refuse to receive any message or appeal = relief s5t by a *ild1 except 9 ^? r>e cases :]e all ! adult memb]s ( ! family are disabl$4 ,! neglect ( ?is simple precaution has (t5 kept *ildr5 away f s*ool1 & has tempt$ p>5ts to use !m to excite sympa?y4 ,"o s5sational item 9 a ,baltimore daily1 head$ ,b>efoot$ ?r\gh ! ,sn[1 0 ! acc\nt ( ?9ly clad *ildr5 s5t to ! police /ation = relief4 ,_! fa!r1 ^u inve/igation1 0 f\nd to h tak5 _! %oes (f1 & s5t !m out to d ! begg+ = ! family1 aft] refus+ a good (f] ( "w4 #adg ,?is newspap] item illu/rates ! dang] ( giv+ publicity to individual cases ( ne$4 ,! poor read ! pap]s1 & :5 !y f9d t sympa?y is excit$ by s5d+ *ildr5 = relief1 !y are tempt$ to use _! *ildr5 9 ! same way4 ,few worse ?+s c happ5 to a poor family ?an = _! di/ress to excite ! int]e/ ( an ent]pris+ j\rnali/1 :o publi%es an acc\nt ( ! circum/ances ) "n & address4 ,x br+s !m an avalan*e ( relief sometimes1 b ! visits f s5tim5tal /rang]s1 ! envy ( _! wor/ neighbors & ! disapproval ( _! be/1 ! excitem5t & unc]ta9ty1 ! repeat+ ov] & ov] ! tale ( _! tr\ble1 & ! de/ruction ( all ! natural conditions ( family life1 leave beh9d a tra9 ( demoralization t la/s long aft] ! relief has be5 exhau/$4 ,9 a less degree1 ! congregat+ ( ! poor 9 any place = a relief di/ribution is to be deplor$1 :e!r ! relief is giv5 out ^u pres5tation ( an ord] or n4 ,! /&+ 9 l9e1 ! jo/l+ & wait+1 ! greg>i\sness & publicity1 are demoraliz+4 #adh ,missions1 ,i regret to say1 sometimes treat su* free di/ributions z an adv]tis+ spectacle2 b x is ( ! v ess5ce ( *>ity t x %\ld be private1 & adv]tis+1 on ! o!r h&1 presupposes publicity4 ,i h (t5 _h opportunities to give ! poor tickets = ,*ri/mas d9n]s1 free treats1 & g5]al *>itable di/ributions1 b1 z ,i h come to "k ! poor bett]1 & to c>e m = _! welf>e1 ,i h le>n$ to res5t a *>ity t w\ld help !m 9 droves1 z if !y 7 cattle4 ,a =m ( *>itable relief t appeals to _m good p 9 cold wea!r is ! free-s\p kit*51 :]e ! poor come ) _! kettles1 & no que/ions are ask$4 ,! hot1 /eam+ s\p & ! cold1 %iv]+ applicants make a /rik+ contra/1 & ! k9d-he>t$ citiz5 is v likely to ?9k ( su* *>ity z practical1 & d5\nce ! p :o object to x z !ori/s4 ,!re is no?+ practical ab\t a free-s\p kit*54 ,x is ! *eape/ ( *eap *>ity4 ,if ! wea!r is cold1 p mu/ h fires at home to keep !m f freez+1 & ! gift ( cook$ food is #adi unnecess>y4 ,s\p is n ! mo/ n\ri%+ food to give1 moreov]1 & ! no que/ions ask$ means t ^? :o ne$ mo/ w get lea/1 & t ! cr[d ( /urdy begg>s always attract$ by su* di/ributions w drive away ! %r9k+ poor1 :o ne$ help ! mo/4 ,! fir/ relief pr9ciple is t relief %\ld be giv5 individually & privately 9 ! home1 & t ! head ( ! family %\ld be conf]r$ ) on all que/ions ( relief4 ,,ii4 ,a due reg>d = ! self-respect ( ! poor prompts u1 :5 relief is ne$$1 to secure x f ! mo/ natural s\rce or s\rces4 ,a family t /ill has cr$it does n ne$ relief at all1 & x is bett] = !m to run 9 debt to ^? :o /ill consid] !m a fair bus9ess risk ?an to receive *>ity in/ead4 ,next to cr$it1 z a natural res\rce1 come relatives4 ,*>ity weak5s natural ties by /epp+ 91 unless x is c]ta9 t relatives h done all t !y c1 or unless x has br\ght pressure to be>1 at lea/1 to induce !m to d _! "p4 ,sometimes relatives h good reasons1 :i* ! *>itable %\ld #aej "k & he$1 = )hold+ relief4 ,! next s\rce ( relief is fri5ds1 includ+ neighbors & =m] employ]s1 & a visitor :o is seek+ aid = a family may (t5 discov] bett] ways ( help+ by consult+ ) ^!4 ,! t5d5cy ( indiscrim9ate *>ity is to de/roy neighborl9ess4 7,see p4 #bg47 ,! next s\rce is ! *ur* to :i* memb]s ( ! family belong1 or frat]nal societies ( :i* !y may h be5 memb]s4 ,only :5 all ^! s\rces fail1 & x is n possible to get adequate relief f *>itable individuals :om we c int]e/1 %\ld we turn to societies organiz$ = ! purpose ( giv+ relief to ! poor1 &1 ev5 !n1 special societies1 l ! ,/4 ,&rew's ,society = ,scots1 ,/4 ,george's ,society = ,engli%m51 & ,hebrew ,b5evol5t ,society = ,hebrews1 %\ld take prec$5ce ( g5]al relief societies1 :i* 7 n int5d$ to assume o!r p's *>itable burd5s1 b exi/ to c>e = ! unbefri5d$ families t _c be reliev$ f any m natural s\rce4 ,!re rema9s "o m s\rce ( relief = ! poor 9 _! own homes4 ,_m ,am]ican #aea cities /ill give public outdoor relief4 ,?is relief is call$ public because x is vot$ f funds collect$ by taxation1 & x is call$ outdoor to di/+ui% x f indoor or in/itutional relief4 ,!re are sev]al reasons = reg>d+ ?is z ! lea/ desirable =m ( relief4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is (t5 adm9i/]$ by politicians1 & becomes a s\rce ( political corruption4 ,b1 :at is ev5 m important1 x is (ficial & !re=e n easily adaptable to v>y+ ne$s4 ,private *>ities c und]take a l>ge exp5diture = "o family1 :5 a l>ge exp5diture w put ! family beyond ! ne$ ( *>ity2 b (ficial relief mu/ always be hamp]$ by ! fe> ( e/abli%+ a prec$5t1 & inadequate relief is (t5 ! result ( ?is fe>4 ,moreov]1 public relief comes f :at is reg>d$ z a practically inexhau/ible s\rce1 & p :o once receive x are likely to reg>d x z a "r1 z a p]man5t p5sion1 imply+ no obligation on _! "p4 ,ev5 :]e x is well & hone/ly adm9i/]$1 z 9 ,bo/on1 ! mo/ exp]i5c$ *>ity work]s reg>d x z a s\rce ( demoralization bo? to ! poor #aeb & ! *>itable4 ,no public ag5cy c supply ! devot$1 fri5dly1 & int5sely p]sonal relation s necess>y 9 *>ity4 ,x c supply ! gift1 b x _c supply ! giv]1 = ! giv] is a compulsory tax rate4 ,"s ( ! s\rces ( in=mation on ?is subject are not$ at ! end ( ! *apt]4 ,x is impossible to give ! "q any adequate consid]ation "h1 b x w be notic$ t a l>ge majority ( ^? :o h work$ z volunte]s 9 ! homes ( ! poor1 & h wat*$ ! effects ( outdoor relief 9 ^! homes1 are anxi\s to see x aboli%$ 9 all our l>ge cities1 believ+ t private & volunt>y *>ity c m ?an replace x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^? :o "k ! poor 9 ano!r way--9 public (fices & f ! po9t ( view ( ! public (ficial--are (t5 /an* advocates ( outdoor relief4 ,! few] s\rces ( relief = any "o family ! bett]1 ?\gh x is (t5 impossible to get adequate relief f "o s\rce4 ,! difficulty 9 giv+ judici\sly is great1 ev5 :]e "o p]son or society does ! :ole4 ,b :5 ! applicant goes f "o to #aec ano!r1 und]go+ repeat$ temptations to deceive & gett+ f no "o :at is suffici5t to meet ! full ne$1 ea* giv] feel+ b a p>tial responsibility 9 ! matt]1 "o giv+ :5 ano!r has desir$ t relief ought to be )held1 & ?us de/roy+ ! effect ( ! o!r's action1 we believe t ! difficulties 9 ! way ( judici\s aid are greatly increas$4 4 4 4 ,we e>ne/ly hope t ! v>i\s relief-giv+ ag5cies may adopt ! plan1 s f> z possible1 ( a division ( labor1 ea* do+ all ! relief-giv+ ne$$ by ^? )9 its c>e & leav+ o!rs to d ! relief-giv+ 9 o!r cases4 #b ,:51 h[ev]1 relief mu/ come f a numb] ( s\rces1 x does mo/ good if giv5 ?r\gh "o *annel4 ,! second relief pr9ciple is t we %\ld seek ! mo/ natural & lea/ (ficial s\rces ( relief1 be>+ 9 m9d ! ties ( k9%ip1 fri5d%ip1 & neighborl9ess1 & t we %\ld avoid ! multiplication ( s\rces4 ,,iii4 ,9 decid+ to give or to )hold relief1 we %\ld be guid$ by its probable effect ^u ! future ( ! applicant4 ,:5 x is #aed conc$$ t we %\ld discrim9ate at all 9 giv+1 ! popul> notion is t we %\ld give to ! wor?y poor1 & refuse aid to ! unwor?y4 ,! words wor?y & unwor?y mean v little2 !y are m]e cat*words to save u f ?9k+4 ,:5 we say t p are wor?y1 we mean1 ,i suppose1 t !y are wor?y ( mat]ial relief1 b no "o is s wor?y z to be absolutely relief-pro(4 ,if relief is giv5 )\t plan or purpose1 x w injure ! wor?ie/ recipi5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 an intellig5t visitor c (t5 see 8 way cle> to effect v great improvem5t 9 :at are call$ unwor?y cases1 & may f9d mat]ial relief a necess>y means to ?is end4 ,bett] ?an any h>d & fa/ classification1 is ! pr9ciple t our relief %\ld always h a future to x1 %\ld be giv5 z "p ( a c>efully devis$ plan = mak+ ! recipi5t p]man5tly bett] (f4 ,! only excuse = giv+ relief )\t a plan is t x is sometimes necess>y to give :at is call$ int]im relief1 to prev5t pres5t suff]+1 until we c le>n all ! facts & a plan c be devis$4 ,9 ?is1 relief "w is v mu* l doctor+ a sick #aee pati5t4 ,we h v little use = a doctor :o does n alleviate suff]+ promptly1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 we naturally mi/ru/ ! doctor :o does n ask a great _m que/ions1 or :o fails to make a plan = gett+ 8 pati5t beyond ! ne$ ( m$ic9e z soon z possible4 ,our relief "w is (t5 no?+ b aimless dos+4 ,l ! doctor1 too1 we %\ld /& ready to *ange our plan ( treatm5t :5 conditions *ange4 ,9 "o family1 :]e a p5sion 0 giv5 on acc\nt ( ! breadw9n]'s illness1 & cont9u$ = six weeks aft] 8 dea?1 ! daught]s h be5 unwill+ to take "w (f]$ at wages !y ?\ght too l[1 because !y 7 n ?r[n ^u _! own res\rces at once4 #c ,a plan t is n bas$ ^u ! actual facts is1 ( c\rse1 worse ?an useless4 ,sometimes a *>itable p]son w call at a home = ! fir/ "t1 w see mis]able surr\nd+s1 & w feel t ! circum/ances are all made pla9 to him 9 "o visit4 ,call+ at a relief (fice1 he w urge imm$iate relief1 add+1 ,i h inve/igat$ ! case myself4 #aef ,! ^w inve/igation means v diff]5t ?+s to diff]5t p4 ,"h are "s ( ! que/ions t1 accord+ to ! ,london ,*>ity ,organization ,review1 #d an almon] %\ld ask himself ab\t any giv5 case3 #a4 ,c any?+ be done to increase ! family income8 ,c ! numb] ( wage-e>n]s be add$ to8 ,c ^? do+ badly paid "w be taught bett]-paid "w8 ,c !y be put 9 ! way ( gett+ bett] tools or appliances8 #b4 ,c any?+ be done to make ! exi/+ income g f>!r ?an x goes n[8 e4g4 7a7 ,is too mu* money paid away 9 r5t8 ,c\ld z good accommodations be obta9$ 9 ! di/rict else:]e = less8 ,or c\ld ! family d ) less accommodation4 7b7 ,is money wa/$8 e4g4 on m$ic9e1 or 9 habitual pawn+1 or 9 pur*as+ f tallym51 or 9 buy+ ?+s n want$8 ,d husb& & *ildr5 keep back an undue %>e ( _! e>n+s8 7c7 ,is too mu* money sp5t 9 travell+ #aeg backw>ds & =w>ds to place ( employm5t8 ,if s1 c\ld ! family move ne>] to _! "w )\t increas+ _! r5t8 ,^! are b a few ( ! que/ions :i* ! almon] mu/ put if he wi%es to be ?or\gh4 ,9 e case he mu/ ?9k ab\t ! problem ) :i* he is deal+1 & he mu/ try to make ^? :o are apply+ = help ?9k also4 ,! be/ argum5ts = giv+ relief ^u a def9ite plan are ! results ( haphaz>d b5evol5ce t are all ar\nd u--feeble-m9d$ wom5 ) illegitimate (fspr+1 *ildr5 crippl$ by drunk5 fa!rs1 juv5ile (f5d]s :o began z *ild-begg>s1 ag$ p>5ts neglect$ by _! *ildr54 ,e =m ( human weakness & depravity is int5sifi$ by ! *>ity t asks no que/ions4 ,! ?ird relief pr9ciple is t relief %\ld look n only to ! alleviation ( pres5t suff]+1 b to promot+ ! future welf>e ( ! recipi5t4 ,,iv4 ,x foll[s f ! =ego+ t :5 we relieve at all we %\ld relieve adequately4 ,c any "o really approve ( inadequate #aeh relief8 ,c any "o really approve ( giv+ #ej c5ts to a man :o mu/ h #e4jj1 tru/+ t "s "o else w give ! #d4ej1 & kn[+ t1 to get x1 ! p]son 9 di/ress mu/ sp5d n only preci\s /r5g? & "t1 b m preci\s indep5d5ce & self-respect8 4 4 4 ,!re are _m families 9 e city :o get relief 7only a little to be sure1 b en\gh to d h>m7 :o ought nev] to h "o c5t1--families :]e ! man c "w1 b w n "w4 ,! little giv5 out ( pity = 8 poor wife & *ildr5 really int5sifies & prolongs _! suff]+1 & only prev5ts ! man f do+ 8 duty by mak+ him believe t1 if he does n take c>e ( !m1 "s "o else w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are _m families :o ought to h _! :ole support giv5 to !m = a few ye>s1--wid[s1 = in/ance1 :o _c bo? take c>e ( & support _! *ildr51 & yet :o ought n to h to give !m up into ! blight+ c>e ( an in/itution2 & ^! families get no?+1 or get s little t x does !m no good at all1 only s]v+ to #aei keep !m also 9 mis]y & to raise false hopes1 or else to tea* !m to beg to make up :at !y mu/ h4 ,ought n *>itable p to manage 9 "s way to rem$y ^! two opposite evils8--to d m = ^? :o %\ld h m1 & to d no?+ = ^? :o %\ld h no?+1 sav+ money by discrim9at+1 & ?us hav+ en\gh to give adequate relief 9 all cases4 #e ,by adequate relief *>ity work]s d n mean t all app>5t ne$s %\ld be met4 ,!re are (t5 res\rces t are hidd5 f ! inexp]i5c$ eye1 & by ignor+ ^! we de/roy !m4 ,! f\r? relief pr9ciple is t1 in/ead ( try+ to give a little to v _m1 we %\ld help adequately ^? t we help at all4 ,v4 ,we %\ld make ! poor our p>tn]s 9 any ef=t to improve _! condition1 & relief %\ld be made dep5d5t ^u _! do+ :at !y c = !mselves4 ,:e!r we give or d n give1 our reasons %\ld be #afj cle>ly /at$1 & we %\ld avoid driv+ any sordid b>ga9 ) !m4 ,= in/ance1 x may be wise sometimes to make relief conditional1 among o!r ?+s1 ^u att5d+ *ur*1 b to require att5dance ^u a *ur* to :i* !y d n belong because x is our *ur*1 or to let !m reg>d relief z 9 any way associat$ ) mak+ conv]ts to our way ( ?9k+1 is to weak5 our influ5ce & tempt ! poor to deceive u4 ,! fif? relief pr9ciple is t we %\ld help ! poor to und]/& ! "r relations ( ?+s by /at+ cle>ly our reasons = giv+ or )hold+ relief1 & by requir+ _! he>ty cop]ation 9 all ef=ts = _! improvem5t4 ,,vi4 ,! =m ( relief mu/ v>y ) individual circum/ances & ne$s4 ,"w t is real "w is bett]1 ( c\rse1 ?an any relief2 b !re %\ld be a prejudice among *>ity work]s aga9/ %am "w1 = :i* !re is no dem& 9 ! m>ket4 ,unless su* "w is educational1 or is us$ to te/ ! applicant's will+ness to "w1 x is (t5 bett] to give mat]ial relief4 #afa ,a *>itable sup]/ition t we %\ld outgr[ is ! notion t x saves u f paup]iz+ ! poor to call our gifts loans4 ,we may "k t !y _c repay1 & !y may "k t we "k x1 b ?is juggl+ ) words is /ill undes]v$ly popul>4 ,:5 ! *ances ( _! be+ able to repay are reasonably good1 & a loan is made1 we %\ld be z c>eful to collect ! debt z 9 any bus9ess transaction4 ,ano!r *>itable sup]/ition is ! prejudice 9 favor ( relief 9 k9d r ?an 9 money4 ,we ?9k t bundles ( groc]ies & clo!s1 & small all[ances ( fuel1 c d no h>m1 b ! fact is t1 :]e x w\ld be unsafe to give money1 x is usually unsafe to give money's equival5t4 ,l>ge relief societies f9d x m economical to buy commodities 9 quantities1 & s get ! advantage ( :olesale prices2 b1 s f> z ! poor !mselves are conc]n$1 !re is no reason = giv+ goods r ?an ca%4 ,on ! contr>y1 _m poor p c make ! money g f>!r ?an we c4 ,money int5d$ = tempor>y relief %\ld n be us$ #afb = r5t1 h[ev]1 except 9 cases :]e ejectm5t w\ld s]i\sly endang] ! welf>e ( ! family4 ,back r5t is l any o!r back debt2 l&lords %\ld take _! *ances ( loss ) o!r cr$itors4 ,nor %\ld *>itable relief be us$ to enable p to move f place to place 9 ord] to avoid ! paym5t ( r5t4#f ,:5 in/itutional c>e is cle>ly n only ! mo/ economical b ! mo/ adequate =m ( relief1 we are sometimes ju/ifi$ 9 refus+ all o!r =ms4 ,9 cases :]e in/itutional c>e is n practicable1 & relief w be ne$$ = a long p]iod1 x is be/ to organize a private p5sion1 lett+ all ! natural s\rces ( relief comb9e & give ?r\gh "o m$ium an adequate am\nt4 ,! six? relief pr9ciple is t we mu/ f9d t =m ( relief :i* w be/ fit ! p>ticul> ne$4 ,?\gh ! =ego+ six relief pr9ciples c\ld easily be ext5d$ to tw5ty1 yet a #afc bookful ( su* g5]alizations w\ld be ( no value to ! almon] )\t a detail$ k ( ! neighborhood into :i* relief is to g1 & an intimate acqua9tance ) ! lives ( ! poor4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t a beg9n] 9 *>ity %\ld n decide relief que/ions except 9 consultation ) an exp]i5c$ work]4 ,= in/ance1 a new visitor go+ to ! h\se ( a wid[ support+ h] ag$ "m & two *ildr51 may f9d ! woman sick1 & receiv+ only a small pittance 9 sick b5efits f ! society to :i* %e belongs4 ,!re is no app>5t suff]+1 b ! visitor at once concludes t ! income is insuffici5t1 & applies to ! ne>e/ relief ag5cy1 ask+ t coal be s5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! family income is z l>ge z ! av]age income ( ! neighborhood1 & ! woman has nev] ?\ght ( ask+ relief2 if fuel is s5t1 ! neighbors all "k x1 &1 imm$iately1 !re is a c]ta9 expectancy ar\s$1 a c]ta9 _s ( speculation takes ! place ( ! habit ( ?rift4 ,!re seem1 to ! simple imag9ations ( ^! p1 to be exhau/less /ores ( relief1 :i* #afd are someh[ at ! comm& ( visit+ ladies4 ,take ano!r in/ance ( a m difficult k9d4 ,a family has long pass$ ! /age ( receiv+ relief = ! fir/ "t2 ! man is a heavy dr9k]1 ! h\sehold fil?y1 ! *ildr5 neglect$4 ,!y appeal at once = assi/ance4 ,! *ildr5 ne$ %oes to g to ,sunday-s*ool1 ! r5t is ov]due1 ! coal is out4 ,confront$ ) su* mis]y1 ! beg9n] is v likely to give1 & to comp\nd ) 8 consci5ce by giv+ a little4 ,?is is ! v treatm5t t has br\ght !m to _! pres5t pass1 & only an exp]i5c$ & intellig5t almon] c tell h[ f> x is wise to let ! =ces ( nature "w a cure1 & h[ f> x is wise to prev5t extreme suff]+ by int]f]5ce4 ,"o tr\ble 9 ! pa/ has be5 t ! ag5ts employ$ by relief societies h n always be5 intellig5t1 b !re h be5 great advances made 9 ?is reg>d1 & n[1 9 _m communities1 ! ag5ts ( *>itable societies are active1 intellig5t m5 & wom51 :o h receiv$ special tra9+ = ! "w4 ,^! ag5ts are (t5 9 communication ) #afe _m s\rces ( relief1 & c save u f duplicat+ relief to ! same p]sons--f s5d+ x1 t is1 :]e o!rs are meet+ ! same ne$ already4 ,!re are _m reasons1 !re=e1 = do+ our *>itable "w 9 consultation ) an exp]i5c$ almon]1 & fri5dly visit+1 :]e x has fail$1 has usually fail$ ?r\gh ! visitor's unw>rant$ assumption t ! giv+ ( mat]ial relief 0 a simple & easy matt]1 ab\t :i* *>ity work]s made an unnecess>y lot ( tr\ble4 ,collat]al ,read+s3 ,! ,engli% ,poor ,law1 ,rev4 ,t4 ,f[le4 ,! ,begg>s ( ,p>is1 translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,m4 ,paulian by ,lady ,h]s*ell4 ,outdoor ,relief1 see ,w>n]'s ,am]ican ,*>ities1 pp4 #afb sq4 ,economic & ,moral ,effect ( ,outdoor ,relief1 ,mrs4 ,joseph9e ,%aw ,l[ell 9 ,proce$+s ( ,sev5te5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #ha sq4 ,outdoor ,relief3 ,argum5ts = & aga9/1 9 ,proce$+s ( ,eighte5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #bh sq4 ,relief 9 ,"w1 ,p4 ,w4 ,ayres 9 ,proce$+s ( ,n9ete5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #dcf sq4 ,is ,em]g5cy ,relief by ,"w ,wise8 ! same 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-second ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #if sq4 #a ,miss ,z4 ,d4 ,smi? 9 ,report ( ,union ,relief ,association ( ,spr+field1 ,mass41 #ahhg1 p4 #ab4 #b ,fif? ,report ( ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 pp4 #ca sq4 #c ,eigh? ,report ( ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 p4 #be4 #d ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,new ,s]ies1 p4 #bbd4 #e ,mrs4 ,joseph9e ,%aw ,l[ell 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-?ird ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 ,new ,hav51 #ahie1 p4 #di4 #f ,see ,fifte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,new ,york ,*>ity ,organization ,society1 pp4 #dd sq41 & p4 #ee4 #aff ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,*ur* ,relief ag5ts work+ 9 our great cities usually f9d t1 9 answ] to direct que/ions1 ! poor are likely to claim connection ) "s "o ( ! l>ge d5om9ations1 ?\gh fur!r acqua9tance w (t5 reveal ! fact t ?is connection is m]ely nom9al4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m poor p t are active *ur* memb]s1 b 9 spite ( ! wond]ful activity ( all bran*es ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s1 9 spite ( ! multiplication ( missions & ! devotion ( _m good m5 & wom5 to _! upbuild+1 ! fact rema9s t _m ( ! v poor are /ill outside ! *ur*es4 ,9 try+ to expla9 ?is1 we h to take into acc\nt c]ta9 ext]nal conditions1 su* z ! natural %r9k+ ( ! less =tunate f social contact1 & ! migratory habits ( ! poor2 #afg b ano!r v important factor 9 ?is ali5ation is1 ,i believe1 ! preoccupation ( ! *ur* ) mat]ial relief & ) ^? :o clamor = x4 ,"s ( ! v poor are ready en\gh to connect !mselves ) ! *ur*1 b1 att5d+ its s]vices & receiv+ its m9i/rations ) ! "o idea ( gett+ assi/ance1 x is n too mu* to say ( !m t !y are pi\s = rev5ue only4 ,& yet1 9 say+ ?is1 x is necess>y to qualify x at once by ! /atem5t t ! fault re/s n s mu* ) ! ignorant poor z ) ! multipli$ & rival *ur* ag5cies t tempt !m to hypocrisy & deceit4 ,if ! *ur* c\ld only h a good1 :olesome1 t]rify+ vision1 & see itself z ! poor see x6 ,a fri5d ( m9e1 writes a ,london *>ity work]1 he>d two v respectable wom5 talk+4 ,"o said1 ',well1 ,mrs4 ,smi?1 h[ h y f>$ ?is ,*ri/mas8' ',oh1 v badly2 ,i _h v little relief4' ,! o!r repli$3 ',well1 ,mrs4 ,smi?1 x is all y\r own fault2 y w g & sit 9 ! side aisle ( ! *ur*1 :]e nobody ev] sees y4 ,if #afh y w\ld sit 9 front1 y w\ld be help$ z we all are4' ,writ+ ( conditions too common 9 ,am]ica1 ,rev4 ,george ,b4 af=d says3 ,families transf] _! connection f "o *ur* to ano!r1 or1 ) an imp>tiality r>e 9 o!r relations1 di/ribute _! repres5tatives among sev]al ,sunday-s*ools or *ur*es1 ga9+ by pseudo-dev\t arts :at !y c f ea*3 ,me?odi/ clo?+2 ,bapti/ groc]ies2 ,presbyt]ian meat2 ,episcopalian potatoes2 ,roman ,ca?olic r5t2 ,univ]sali/ ca%1 available = 'sundries1'--all are acceptable to ! m5dicant p5sion] ( religi\s *>ity4 ,"o family1 n[ at la/ well adv]tis$1 9 an ea/]n city f\nd its num]\s y\?ful prog5y effective lee*es z appli$ to ! sev]al ,sunday-s*ools among :i* !y 7 di/ribut$4 ,! 'wid[$' "m und]w5t frequ5t conv]sion2 ! *ildr5 enjoy$ ! b5efit ( z frequ5t baptism4 ,on a c]ta9 ga!r+ ( cl]gym5 ( diff]5t *ur*es1 :5 "o aft] ano!r _h told ! /ory ( 8 discomfiture1 all jo9$ to congratulate ! s+le repres5tative ( ! ,bapti/ d5om9ation pres5t on 8 happy escape #afi f ! impo/ure1 "u :i* sev]al o!rs _h 9 turn baptiz$ ! *ildr54 ,b f him came ! sad confession t he _h baptiz$ ! woman h]self4 #a ,9 my own city1 a family made a small *ild n _! own a s\rce ( income by hav+ x baptiz$ frequ5tly 9 diff]5t *ur*es1 s t ?ree *>itable memb]s ( ?ree ,episcopal *ur*es 7 a/oni%$ to f9d1 on comp>+ notes1 t !y %>$ ! responsibility ( be+ ! *ild's godmo!rs4 ,b x is ne$less to multiply illu/rations2 almo/ e *ur* has a collection ( su* exp]i5ces1 & ! bad effects ( successful deception ^u ! deceiv]s are app>5t en\gh4 ,i pass to ! important fact t ?is class ( ! poor1 ?\gh num]ically insignificant by comp>ison ) ! poor 9 g5]al1 are yet s mu* 9 evid5ce z ! objects ( ,*ri/ian zeal1 & ! *ur* wa/es s mu* "t 9 coddl+ !m1 t ! self-respect+ poor (t5 hold alo(4 ,x is a common ?+ to he> a poor man say t he is n go+ to att5d *ur*1 & be suspect$ ( #agj try+ to get some?+4 ,x does n increase 8 respect = ,*ri/ians to f9d !m easily deceiv$1 & x outrages 8 s5se ( ju/ice to see t laz9ess1 drunk5ness1 & vice are rew>d$ by *ur* work]s4 ,ev5 among tramps1 ! v>iety kn[n z ! mission bum is look$ d[n ^u by 8 fell[s1 & !re is a lesson = ! mission work] 9 ?is simple fact4 ,9 writ+ ?us frankly ( home mission>y "w1 ,i am n unm9dful ( all ! difficulties ) :i* ,*ri/ian m9i/]s h to cont5d4 ,_m ( !m are z mu* alive to ! dang]s ( indiscrim9ate relief z any "o c be1 & _m ( !m h risk$ unpopul>ity & misund]/&+ to lift _! *ur*es out ( ! tread-mill ( ineffectual1 dole-disp5s+ *>ities into vital contact ) ! ne$s ( ! poor4 ,! difficulties ( ,*ri/ian m9i/]s are tw(old4 ,_! fir/ duty is to develop ! *>itable in/9cts ( *ur* memb]s1 to ov]come ! selfi%ness & in]tia ( ! natural man4 ,:5 !y h succe$$ 9 ar\s+ a desire to d some?+ = somebody else1 !y mu/ also furni% ample opportunity = #aga ! ex]cise ( ?is newly awak5$ impulse4 ,n[ ! *>itable developm5t ( ! individual foll[s ! developm5t ( ! race2 ! individual outgr[s sl[ly1 if at all1 ! s5tim5tal & patroniz+ view ( pov]ty4 ,to c>ry *ur* memb]s beyond ?is phase & make !m effective work]s1 g5u9e p[]s ( lead]%ip are ne$$1 & x is mu* easi] to let !m foll[ _! own devices4 ,we h se5 9 ! la/ *apt] t relief "w1 if well done1 is ! mo/ difficult ( all *>itable "w1 b n9e inexp]i5c$ work]s out ( e t5 w ?9k x ! be/ & easie/ means ( help+ ! poor--! only means1 9 fact4 ,a difficulty to be reckon$ )1 & yet "o ) :i* x is h>d to h any pati5ce1 is ! rank mat]ialism t reg>ds relief z a legitimate means ( attract+ p to ! *ur*4 ,relief z a gospel ag5cy has done f> m h>m ?an good3 y _c buy a ,*ri/ian )\t gett+ a bad b>ga91 & yet1 competition among rival *ur*es work+ 9 ! same poor neighborhood is s %>p t ev5 n[1 9 ^! days ( cop]ative #agb ef=t1 we f9d t ! sordid appeal is made4 ,i call x wa/e1 wrote ! late ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 :5 money is laid out ^u in/9ct :i* ought to be laid out ^u pr9ciple1 & wa/e ( ! wor/ possible k9d :5 two or ?ree religi\s bodies are work+ ) "o eye to ! improvem5t ( ! condition ( ^? :om !y help1 & ) ano!r eye direct$ to gett+ !m )9 ! circle ( _! own organization4 ,:5 ea* ( ^? religi\s bodies does s "w1 say ^u a s+le l>ge family1 &1 feel+ q sure ( "o memb] ( ! family1 n\ri%es great hopes ( ! re/ ( ! memb]s ( ! family t !y w become true & or?odox memb]s ( _! own community1 ,i call t n only wa/e--,i call x demoralization ( ! wor/ conceivable k9d1 = a reason :i* ! poet puts ?us1 ',:at %all bless :5 holy wat] banes8' ,! demoralization produc$ is ! wor/ possible1 because ! highe/ possible ?\ghts are us$ z m]e in/rum5ts = l[ ends4 #b #agc ,"o result ( us+ relief z a bribe is t ! gift no long] has = its sole object ! relief ( di/ress1 or ! re/oration ( ! receiv] to indep5d5ce1 & is likely1 !re=e1 to be inadequate4 ,"o cl]gyman ) :om ,i remon/rat$ on ! uselessness ( giv+ #as4 :5 #bjs4 0 ne$$1 said x 0 impossible = him to d z we did & give adequate relief1 z x w\ld cause jeal\sy among/ bo? di/rict visitors & p>i%ion]s if he gave m to "o case ?an to ano!r1 s #bs4 #f;d4 0 g5]ally ! limit4 #c ,9 enum]at+ ! natural s\rces ( relief1 ,i h m5tion$ ! *ur* aft] relatives1 fri5ds1 & neighbors4 ,! *ur* is n a natural s\rce ( relief :5 x becomes a g5]al relief ag5cy1 giv+ inadequate doles to l>ge numb]s ( dep5d5ts4 ,x is a natural s\rce ( relief = ^? :o h s\ght its m9i/rations f religi\s motives2 :5 ^! become dep5d5t1 x is ! *ur*'s privilege to aid !m privately1 #agd t5d]ly1 & adequately4 ,ev5 beyond its own memb]%ip1 ! *ur* c safely und]take ! giv+ ( mat]ial relief1 :5 ?is is incid5tal to ! c>ry+ out ( o!r plans = ! b5efit ( ! poor2 incid5tal1 = in/ance1 to ! "w ( fri5dly visit+1 ) a view to fur!r+ a visitor's plans = improv+ a family's condition4 ,b ! gift mu/ be free f ! suspicion ( proselytiz+4 ,prote/ants (t5 criticise ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* = expect+ ! v poor to pay t[>d ! support ( ! *ur*4 ,!y criticise1 9 _! ignorance1 "o ( ! wise/ measures tak5 by ! ,*ur* ( ,rome = /r5g!n+ its hold ^u ! p4 ,poor ,roman ,ca?olics are f> m likely ?an poor ,prote/ants to ?9k ( ! *ur* z belong+ to !m1 z a p[] :i* exi/s n only = !m b ?r\gh !m4 ,:]ev] ! ,prote/ant *ur* has ga9$ an equally /rong hold ^u ! poor1 x has made equal dem&s ^u _! loyalty & self-sacrifice4 ,aft] all has be5 said 9 objection to pa/ #age & pres5t me?ods ( *ur* *>ity1 we mu/ realize t1 if ! poor are to be effectually help$ by *>ity1 ! inspiration mu/ come f ! *ur*4 ,! *ur* has always be5 & w cont9ue to be ! *ief s\rce ( *>itable en]gy2 & ,i believe t1 to an increas+ degree1 ! *ur* w be ! lead] 9 *>itable exp]im5t & 9 ! ext5sion ( ! scope ( *>itable endeavor4 ,9 ! *ur* or n[h]e we mu/ f9d acceptance = ! me?ods advocat$ 9 ?is book4 ,9 ! *ur* or n[h]e we mu/ seek ! organiz$ devotion t %all protect ! *ildr5 ( ! poor f gre$ & neglect1 t %all advance sanit>y & educational re=ms1 t %all supply pur] & high] amusem5ts = ! p1 & %all br+ to !m m & m1 z "t goes on1 ( ! advantages ( mod]n life4 ,! *ur* has already be5 ! pione] 9 su* "w4 ,9 cities :]e k9d]g>t5s are n[ a "p ( ! public s*ool sy/em1 ! fir/ free k9d]g>t5s 7 support$ by ! *ur*es1 & l>ge *>ities1 n[ secul>iz$1 7 support$ by #agf *ur*es until !y _h pass$ ! /age ( exp]im5t4 ,secul> ag5cies are /ill dep5d5t ^u ! *ur*es = work]s t c br+ ! "r _s to *>itable "w4 ,in/ead ( multiply+ ag5cies ne$lessly1 ! city *ur*es w f9d x to ! advantage ( _! spiritual "w to keep up vital connection ) city *>ities4 ,a cl]gyman :o has an active *ur* 9 "o ( our ea/]n cities1 has ab&on$ ! plan ( />t+ sep>ate *ur* s*ools1 societies1 or in/itutions1 realiz+ t _m ( ^! are unnecess>y1 & t _m o!rs1 necess>y 9 !mselves1 are inadequately support$4 ,8 p are s5t in/ead1 accord+ to _! aptitudes1 to hospitals1 *ildr5's *>ities1 societies = visit+ ! ne$y1 alms-h\ses1 & homes = ! ag$4 ,x may be object$ t ! %\ld]-to-%\ld] contact1 ! /r5g? ( conc5tration1 is lack+ 9 su* a plan4 ,b ! *ur* holds frequ5t congregational meet+s1 :]e all :o h be5 detail$ to s]ve z fri5dly visitors1 hospital work]s1 etc41 report to ! *ur* & to ! m9i/]4 ,ea* "o le>ns 9 #agg ?is way f ! "w ( ! o!rs2 weak po9ts 9 ! city's plans = deal+ ) ! poor are made app>5t2 & ! *ur* is able by unit$ ef=t to obta9 ne$$ re=ms4 ,! "w is und]/ood to be a practical application ( ! gospel z taught f ! *ur* pulpit1 & !re is a natural & vital connection betwe5 ! spiritual & social life ( ! *ur* community4 ,two o!r advantages are app>5t4 ,! ela/icity ( ! plan makes x possible to f9d "w adapt$ to _m v>y+ capacities1 & all d5om9ational rivalry1 all petty jeal\sy is avoid$4 ,! fri5dly visitor f su* a *ur* w n visit ! poor ) a view to w9n+ !m away f o!r *ur*es to 8 own4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he w see ! importance ( "s *ur* connection1 & w /rive to re/ore *ur* relations1 if !y h be5 sev]$1 by urg+ att5dance ^u ! s]vices ( ! *ur* & ,sunday-s*ool to :i* ! family naturally belongs4 ,he w seek ! help ( ?is *ur*'s m9i/] 9 any plans he may make = fur!r+ ! family #agh welf>e1 &1 9 ?is way1 a _s ( cop]ation betwe5 *ur*es ( diff]5t d5om9ations w be enc\rag$4 ,i _c leave ?is "p ( my subject )\t m5tion+ "o o!r matt]1 ?\gh x is only indirectly connect$ ) fri5dly visit+4 ,! tra9+ ( m9i/]s 9 our !ological sem9>ies %\ld include a ?or\gh c\rse ( in/ruction 9 *>itable "w4 ,?is w\ld enable m9i/]s to guide ! "w ( _! p 9 ! be/ *annels1 & x w\ld save !m1 moreov]1 f ! disc\ragem5ts ( ! consci5ti\s work] :o is /riv+ to improve social conditions )\t any cle> conception ( ! scope & limitations ( su* s]vice4 ,!re are _m cl]gym5 ^: exp]i5ce & opportunities = /udy fit !m = lead]%ip 9 an attempt to e/abli% sy/ematic tra9+1 9 ! sem9>ies4 ,a dem& f ! laity = m exp]i5c$ direction 9 *ur* *>ity w\ld also help to ha/5 ! introduction ( regul> sem9>y c\rses 9 appli$ philan?ropy4 #a ,*>ities ,review1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #bf sq4 #b ,occasional ,pap]s ( ! ,london ,*>ity ,organization ,society1 p4 #ce4 #c ,miss ,pickton 9 ,london ,*>ity ,organization ,review1 ,vol4 ,x1 p4 #ech4 #agi ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,fri5dly ,,visitor ,i h tri$ to make a numb] ( specific sugge/ions 9 ! =ego+ pages1 b x is ne$less to say t only a few ( ^! are likely to be useful to any "o visitor1 & x w\ld be fatal to apply !m all to "o family4 ,9 ! ef=t to be specific1 ,i fe> t ,i may h be5 z exasp]at+ z ! cook-books1 :i*1 9 a simil> ef=t1 w sugge/1 take a salam&]1 or take a slip ( endive1 :5 nei!r is obta9able4 ,cook-books h _! mode/ uses1 h[ev]1 & ! cooks :o are mo/ skilful 9 skipp+ recipes n int5d$ = !m w turn ! o!rs to ! be/ acc\nt4 ,9 avoid+ ! dang] ( repres5t+ fri5dly visit+ z a pleasant div]sion1 ,i may h gone to ! o!r extreme1 & repres5t$ x r z an ardu\s & #ahj exact+ pr(ession4 ,x is s f> f be+ ?is1 t pr(essional visit+ c nev] be fri5dly4 ,9 fact1 fri5dly visit+ is n any ( ! ?+s already describ$ 9 ?is book4 ,x is n wise measures ( relief2 x is n f9d+ employm5t2 x is n gett+ ! *ildr5 9 s*ool or tra9+ !m = "w2 x is n improv+ sanit>y arrangem5ts & c>+ = ! sick2 x is n tea*+ cleanl9ess or economical cook+ or buy+2 x is n en=c+ habits ( ?rift or enc\rag+ heal?ful recreations4 ,x may be a few ( ^! ?+s1 or all ( !m1 b x is always some?+ m4 ,fri5dly visit+ means intimate & cont9u\s k ( & sympa?y ) a poor family's joys1 sorr[s1 op9ions1 feel+s1 & entire outlook ^u life4 ,! visitor t has ?is is unlikely to blund] ei!r ab\t relief or any detail2 )\t x1 he is almo/ c]ta91 9 any *>itable relations ) memb]s ( ! family1 to blund] s]i\sly4 ,visitors h said to me t !y c\ld n see t !y _h be5 ( any special s]vice1 ?\gh _! fri5dly feel+ = c]ta9 families made x impossible to /op visit+4 ,^! visitors #aha :o h no /ory to tell h (t5 done ! greate/ good4 ,"o ( ! wom5 we _h n se5 s9ce %e fir/ came to u "s f\r ye>s be=e1 writes ,miss ,frances ,smi?1 & we rememb]$ h] di/9ctly z q ord9>y !n4 ,imag9e our surprise 9 f9d+ t a c]ta9 dignity & e>ne/ness1 ak9 to t ( ! visitor1 _h crept into ?is woman's life1 & f\nd expression 9 h] face & be>+4 ,su* transfigurations _c take place 9 a few weeks or mon?s2 !y are ( sl[ gr[?1 b !y are ! be/ rew>ds ( fri5d%ip4 #a ,! rew>ds ( fri5dly visit+ & ! be/ results ( su* "w are obvi\sly n dep5d5t ^u ! sugge/ions ( a h&book4 ,z ,miss ,octavia ,hill has said1 success 9 ?is dep5ds no m on rules ?an does t ( a "y lady :o beg9s h\sekeep+4 ,c]ta9 ?+s %e %\ld inde$ "k2 b :e!r %e manages well or ill dep5ds ma9ly ^u :at %e is4 ,life1 !re=e1 is ! be/ s*ool4 ,m$dlesom5ess1 #ahb lack ( tact1 impati5ce = results1 c>elessness 9 keep+ engagem5ts & promises1 w be z fatal "h z any:]e4 ,:5 we are depress$ by a family's tr\bles & are /riv+ e>ne/ly to f9d a way out1 !irs seem q unlike any o!r tr\bles4 ,9 a s5se1 x is true t !y are unlike2 b !re are c]ta9 resemblances betwe5 human be+s1 ev5 :5 a cont95t divides !m2 &1 unsafe ?\gh x may be to adm9i/] *>ity by rule1 x is m unsafe to adm9i/] x )\t ref]5ce to c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples4 ,_m ( ! sugge/ions ( ?is book are n ( univ]sal application1 b1 9 br++ x to a close1 ,i %all endeavor to /ate a few pr9ciples t apply q univ]sally to fri5dly visit+4 #a4 ,! fri5dly visitor %\ld get well acqua9t$ ) all ! memb]s ( ! family )\t try+ to =ce _! confid5ce4 ,a fault ( beg9n]s is t !y are unwill+ to wait = ! natural developm5t ( tru/ & fri5dl9ess4 ,!y expect to make a half doz5 visits on a poor family inside ( a mon?1 says ,miss ,birtwell1 & see !m #ahc help$4 ,n[1 :i* "o ( u ev] _h our lives /rongly influ5c$ by a fri5d%ip ( a mon?'s /&+8 4 4 4 ,i once he>d a s]mon :i* made an impression on my m9d t has rema9$ ) me = ye>s4 ,"o ( its ma9 ideas 0 to get y\r influ5ce be=e y us$ x4 ,_m p seem to ?9k t if !y c visit a poor family1 by virtue ( _! sup]ior education & culture1 !y mu/ imm$iately h a v /rong influ5ce4 ,!y d n get x t way4 ,!y mu/ get x j z our fri5ds get an influ5ce ov] u1 by long1 pati5t contact1 & by ! sl[1 natural gr[? ( fri5d%ip4 #b ,pati5ce is difficult :]e we see s _m ?+s to be done1 & x is p>ticul>ly difficult :]e !re is actual ne$2 b ! visitor does n g to act z a sub/itute = ! =ces1 *>itable or o!r1 t h kept ! family alive s f>4 ,he mu/ conf] ) s\rces ( relief t are or c be int]e/$1 b beyond ?is he mu/ h ! c\rage to #ahd d no?+ until he kn[s :at is ! "r ?+ to d4 ,x is n possible to visit _m families1 b !re are def9ite advantages 9 visit+ m ?an "o--! usual limit %\ld be n less ?an two nor m ?an f\r4 ,an advantage 9 visit+ two families is t ! visitor is less likely to be fev]i%ly active dur+ ! e>li] /ages ( acqua9tance1 & ! contra/s & resemblances betwe5 ! two give ! visitor a bett] grasp ( pr9ciples4 ,n only is a new visitor liable to err 9 ov]visit+ a family1 b "s families h too _m *>itable visitors4 ,! ,new ,york visitor1 :o refus$ to g to a family on :om ?ree *>ity work]s _h lately call$1 0 wise4 ,!re are families s cle>ly ov]visit$ t all :o are *>itably int]e/$ 9 !m %\ld be p]suad$ to let !m alone = a :ile4 ,x ought to be unnecess>y to add t ! w9t] is n ! only "t = *>itable "w4 ,our poor fri5ds ne$ u q z mu* 9 summ]1 ?\gh _m *>ities are less active !n4 ,:5 we are away 9 summ] we c #ahe write1 & :5 we are 9 t[n = a %ort :ile we c (t5 f9d "t = a visit4 ,*>itable "w suff]s f ! tradition t ! only "t to be *>itable is :5 x is cold4 ,next to un9t]rupt$ visit+ z a means ( gett+ acqua9t$1 comes ! p[] ( tak+ our own int]e/s ) u :5 we visit4 ,9 our contact ) poor p we d n always give ourselves z g5]\sly z we might4 ,int5t ^u f9d+ out ab\t !m1 we =get t !y might be int]e/$ to he> ab\t u4 ,w\ld x n be well if1 in/ead ( always giv+ sympa?y1 we sometimes ask$ x8 ,x is (t5 /rik+1 if we tell !m ab\t ! joys & sorr[s ( our fri5ds1 to note h[ !y respond1 (t5 inquir+ ab\t !m aft]w>d4 ,su* mutual relation%ip broad5s _! meagre lives1 & makes our contact ) !m m human4 ,a visitor1 :o has und]tak5 dur+ ! summ] ! families ( ano!r too f> away to visit1 wrote3 ',i want to tell y :at a matt] ( int]e/ & pleasure x has be5 to me1 9 visit+ y\r families1 to f9d t :at !y #ahf really seem$ to value 0 y\r p]sonal fri5d%ip = !m1 & h[ !y treasur$ any little incid5t y _h told !m ( y\rself & y\r travels4' #c ,"o :o visits 9 ?is _s always w9s m ( pleasure & ( pr(it f ! "w4 ,9 fact1 x is nev] ! visit$ only t are b5efit$4 #b4 ,9 gett+ acqua9t$1 ! visitor has ! def9ite object ( try+ to improve ! condition ( ! family4 ,?is is impossible unless he has a fairly accurate k ( ! ma9 facts ( ! family hi/ory4 ,*>ity work]s (t5 come to me = advice ab\t individual families1 & reveal 9 a few m9utes' conv]sation t !y h no k ( ! condition ( ^? !y w\ld help4 ,! head ( ! family is sick1 x may be1 & !y expect prompt advice z to ! be/ way to help him2 b !y h n tak5 ! tr\ble to see ! disp5s>y doctor :o att5ds him1 or to f9d out 9 "s o!r way ! nature ( 8 disease2 or p]haps ! boy is out ( "w1 b !y h n se5 8 #ahg =m] employ] & "k no?+ ( 8 e>n+ capacity or ref]5ces4 ,*>itable skill is n a sort ( b5evol5t magic2 x is bas$ on common s5se1 & mu/ "w 9 close contact ) ! facts ( life4 ,9 o!r fri5dly relations we recognize ?is1 & 9 our *>ity "w too1 :e!r by inve/igation ( a tra9$ ag5t or by our own inquiries1 we mu/ h ! facts be=e we c f9d out ! be/ way to help4 ,"o advantage ( visit+ "u ! guidance ( a *>ity organization society is t a ?or\gh inve/igation has be5 made ( ! family circum/ances be=e ! visitor is s5t4 ,! foll[+ is a brief outl9e ( ! facts t %\ld be kn[n1 if a plan is to be made = ! family's b5efit3 7a7 ,social ,hi/ory4--,names2 ages2 bir?places2 m>riage2 numb] ( rooms occupi$2 education2 *ildr5's s*ool2 names1 addresses1 & condition ( relatives & fri5ds2 *ur*2 previ\s resid5ces4 7b7 ,physical ,hi/ory4--,heal? ( ea* memb] ( ! family2 "n ( doctor2 habits4 7c7 ,"w ,hi/ory4--,occupations2 names #ahh & addresses ( pres5t & =m] employ]s2 h[ long & at :at seasons usually 9 "w2 h[ long out ( "w n[2 e>n+ capacity ( ea* work]4 7d7 ,f9ancial ,hi/ory4--,r5t2 l&lord2 debts1 includ+ in/alm5t pur*ases2 b5eficial societies2 trade-union2 life insurance2 pawn tickets2 has family ev] sav$ & h[ mu*82 pres5t sav+s2 income2 pres5t means ( subsi/5ce o!r ?an wages2 p5sions2 relief1 s\rces1 & am\nt2 *>ities int]e/$4 ,9 addition to ^! deta*$ facts1 !re is also ne$$ :atev] o!r facts w make a fairly complete brief biography ( ! heads ( ! family1 includ+ a k ( _! hopes & plans4 ,! /atem5ts ( relatives & fri5ds1 _! !ory z to ! be/ me?od ( aid+1 toge!r ) "s def9ite promise z to :at !y !mselves w d2 ! /atem5ts ( pa/or or ,sunday-s*ool tea*]1 ( doctor1 =m] employ]s1 & =m] l&lords2 & ! /atem5ts & exp]i5ces also ( o!rs *>itably int]e/$ may be ne$$ be=e an effective plan c be made4 #ahi ,inquiries ( pres5t employ]s & l&lords %\ld be made ) extreme c>e1 if at all1 z !y might create prejudice aga9/ ^? we w\ld help4 ,! outl9e "h giv5 ( ! facts ne$$ is be/ fill$ 9 by a compet5t tra9$ ag5t1 r ?an by ! fri5dly visitor1 ^: relations ) ! family r5d] se>*+ inquiry difficult & (t5 undesirable4 ,b ! m]cifulness ( a ?or\gh inve/igation is t1 once well done1 x ne$ n be repeat$1 & by sav+ endless blund]+ x also saves a family f mu* *>itable m$dl+4 ,its seem+ly inquisitorial features are ju/ifi$ by ! fact t x is n made ) any purpose ( f9d+ p out1 b ) ! sole purpose ( f9d+ out h[ to help !m4 #c4 ,ga!r+ facts ab\t ! poor )\t mak+ any ef=t to use ^! facts = _! good has be5 comp>$ to h>r[+ ! gr\nd )\t s[+ ! se$4 ,! facts %\ld be made ! basis ( a well-consid]$ plan4 ,x may be necess>y to modify our plans (t51 z circum/ances *ange or new facts are discov]$2 b a plan ( treatm5t #aij is z indisp5sable to ! *>ity work] z to ! physician4 ,our plans mu/ n ignore ! family res\rces = self-help4 ,! be/ *>ity "w develops ^! res\rces4 ,if outside help is ne$$1 x %\ld be made conditional ^u r5ew$ ef=ts at "w or 9 s*ool1 ^u will+ness to receive tra9+1 ^u cleanl9ess1 or ^u "s o!r developm5t )9 ! family t w aid 9 _! uplift+4 ,all ?is is sugge/$1 n ) a view to mak+ ! conditions ( relief difficult1 b ) a view to us+ relief z a lev]2 or1 z "s "o has put x1 we %\ld make our help a ladd] r ?an a crut*1 & e s5sible1 reasonable condition is a r\nd 9 ! ladd]4 ,our plans = ! b5efit ( "o family mu/ n ignore ! possible effects ( our action ^u o!r families4 ,?is is a h>d lesson to le>n1 b a plan t might be k9d & effective1 if !re 7 only "o poor family 9 ! city1 is (t5 unfair & ev5 cruel1 because x r\ses hopes 9 o!rs :i* c nev] be fulfill$4 ,9 o!r words1 we mu/ be j z well z m]ciful4 ,a #aia k ( ! neighborhood & ( ! circum/ances ( o!r poor families is necess>y 9 judg+ ( ! ju/ice ( a plan1 & "h ! criticism & advice ( an exp]i5c$ *>ity work] w be v helpful4 ,x is necess>y also to gu>d aga9/ mak+ our plans ) ref]5ce to no?+ b ! pres5t em]g5cy4 ,we mu/ h a view to ! future ( ! family1 & mu/ ?9k n only ( :at w put !m out ( imm$iate ne$1 b ( :at is mo/ likely to make !m p]man5tly self-support+1 if ?is be possible4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 families t c nev] be made entirely self-support+4 ,^!1 if we consid] only ! cases = :i* x is ?\ght be/ to provide outside ( in/itutions1 w be ! exceptions2 b 9 mak+ plans = ! welf>e ( su* families we mu/ try to organize help t %all be z regul> & sy/ematic z possible4 ,next to hav+ to dep5d ^u *>itable res\rces at all1 ! mo/ demoraliz+ ?+ is to be dep5d5t ^u unc]ta9 & spasmodic *>ity4 #d4 ,9 plans look+ to ! removal ( ! causes ( di/ress1 ! greate/ pati5ce is #aib ne$$1 & we mu/ le>n also1 if we w\ld succe$1 to w9 ! cop]ation ( o!rs *>itably int]e/$4 ,if our plan ) reg>d to a family is likely to prove p]man5tly helpful1 & we are able to p]suade o!rs to "w ) u 9 c>ry+ x out1 we are n only help+ ! family1 b we are educat+ o!rs 9 common-s5se me?ods4 ,9 p]suad+ to an important /ep1 ! value ( cop]ation is illu/rat$ by an in/ance tak5 f ! ,f\rte5? ,report ( ! ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities3#d ,a respectable woman1 :o _h /ruggl$ = a ye> to keep h] insane husb& ) h] & ! little girls1 at great risk to !m & ! neighborhood1 0 p]suad$ 9 b a few days to let him g to ! lunatic hospital4 ,( c\rse1 z /rang]s1 our op9ions 7 entitl$ to little weight2 b by collect+ ! doctor's op9ions & ^? ( h] own fri5ds1 all ( :i* %e _h he>d s+ly1 %e 0 suffici5tly impress$ to take ! long necess>y /ep4 #e4 ,?\gh we mu/ make plans look+ t[>d self-support1 ^! are n ! only plans #aic )9 ! scope ( fri5dly visit+4 ,"s ( ! be/ visit+ c be done aft] families are no long] 9 ne$4 ,! entry dismiss$--self-su/a9+ on *>itable records has a v unsatisfactory s\nd to ^? :o realize ! fur!r possibilities ( fri5dly help4 ,aft] a family has le>n$ to live )\t *>itable aid1 !re is a bett] *ance ( introduc+ its memb]s to ?rifty ways ( sp5d+ & sav+1 to bett] recreations1 & to heal?i] & m cleanly surr\nd+s4 #f4 ,our "w z fri5dly visitors is an int5sely p]sonal "w1 &1 unlike o!r *>ity1 x is be/ done alone4 ,we _c visit 9 companies ( two or ?ree1 nor c we talk v mu* ab\t our poor fri5ds1 except to ^? *>itably int]e/$1 )\t spoil+ our relations ) !m4 ,! di/rict sy/em ( visit+ among ! poor1 :i* is /ill ! sy/em ( ,g]man t[ns & ( ,engli% p>i%es1 assigns a c]ta9 geographical b\nd>y to ea* visitor4 ,x has be5 call$ ! space sy/em 9 contra/ to ! case sy/em ( fri5dly visit+4 ,! ma9 objection to x is t x is n p]sonal en\gh4 #aid ,"o :o is a fri5d to a :ole /reet is n felt by ! memb]s ( any p>ticul> family to belong peculi>ly to !m1 & !re is dang]1 moreov]1 ( m (ficial relations & ( small jeal\sies & neighborhood entanglem5ts t are avoid$ by ! fri5dly visit+ plan4 ,! di/rict visitor is ! ance/or ( ! fri5dly visitor4 ,brew+ a bit ( bro? = an ag$ cottag]1 read+ beside "s sick-b$1 sew+ a w>m g>m5t = ,peggy or ,nancy--x is ?us t our ance/ors lightly skimm$ ! surface ( social conditions4 ,x w\ld ill become u to speak slight+ly ( ! "w ( ^? :o h h&$ d[n to u a preci\s freight ( human sympa?y & t5d]ness4 ,if heavi] burd5s ( responsibility1 m s]i\s problems & m /r5u\s ideals are n[ impos$ ^u u1 we h also _m advantages t 7 undream$ ( a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,n[1 if we w\ld be *>itable1 & possess any p[] ( us+ ! =ces at our comm&1 !re are hundr$s ( av5ues ( usefulness op5 to u :]e =m]ly !re 0 only "o1 & !re are hundr$s ( #aie ag5cies ready to help4 ,we mu/ "k h[ to "w ) o!rs1 & we mu/ "k h[ to "w ) ! =ces t make = progress2 fri5dly visit+1 rightly und]/ood1 turns all ^! =ces to acc\nt1 work+ ) ! democratic _s ( ! age to =w>d ! advance ( ! pla9 & common p into a bett] & l>g] life4 ,collat]al ,read+s3 ,fri5dly or ,volunte] ,visit+1 ,miss ,zilpha ,d4 ,smi? 9 ,proce$+s ( ,elev5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #fi sq4 ,fri5dly ,visit+1 ,mrs4 ,m>ian ,c4 ,putnam 9 ,proce$+s ( ,f\rte5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #adi sq4 ,class = ! ,/udy ( ,fri5dly ,visit+1 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,e4 ,t5ney 9 ,proce$+s ( ,n9ete5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #dee sq4 ,! ,education ( ! ,fri5dly ,visitor1 ,miss ,z4 ,d4 ,smi? 9 ,proce$+s ( ,n9ete5? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #dde sq4 ,fri5dly ,visit+1 ,mrs4 ,rog] ,wolcott 9 ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,congress ( ,*>ities1 #ahic1 volume on ,organization ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #ajh sq4 ,also ,miss ,f4 ,c4 ,prideaux 9 same volume1 pp4 #cfi sq4 & discussion1 pp4 #ae sq4 ,cont9u$ ,c>e ( ,families1 ,frances ,a4 ,smi? 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-second ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #hg sq4 ,fri5dly ,visit+ z a ,social ,=ce1 ,*>les ,f4 ,well] 9 ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-f\r? ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 pp4 #aii sq4 ,company ,mann]s1 ,flor5ce ,conv]se 9 ,atlantic1 ,janu>y1 #ahih4 7,?is /ory is n a fair picture ( associat$ *>ity me?ods1 b po9ts out "o ( ! dang]s ( spasmodic visit+47 #a ,proce$+s ( ,tw5ty-second ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities1 #ahie1 p4 #hh4 #b ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,congress ( ,*>ities1 volume on ,organization ( ,*>ities1 p4 #ba4 #c ,elev5? ,report ( ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 p4 #ca4 #d p4 #bg4 #aig ,,app5dix ,! illu/rations ( fri5dly visit+ 9 ! prec$+ pages h be5 giv5 ) a view to elucidat+ "s p>ticul> "p ( visit+ "w4 ,"s ( ! foll[+ in/ances %[ ! possibilities & disc\ragem5ts ( cont9u\s visit+1 & ! la/ illu/ration emphasizes an important fact 9 ! life ( poor neighborhoods2 namely1 ! unconsci\s b re/ra9+ & uplift+ influ5ce ( good neighbors4 ,on ?is same phase ( ! subject1 see ,*>les ,boo?'s ,life & ,labor ( ! ,p1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #aei4 ,home ,libr>ies & ! ,visitor4--,a visitor reports t a libr>y has be5 e/abli%$ 9 ! room ( ,mrs4 ----1 :]e ! boys ( ! t5em5t h\se meet e ,saturday aft]noon to receive or ex*ange _! books1 discuss ) ! visitor ! books !y h read1 li/5 to /ories z !y are read or n>rat$1 & to play games4 ,?is little ga!r+ seems to h improv$ ! moral & social atmosph]e ( ! entire t5em5t h\se4 ,! woman :o has *>ge ( ! libr>y fir/ became kn[n to ?is same visitor ov] f\r ye>s ago1 #aih :5 %e 0 /ruggl+ ^u ! v]ge ( />vation1 & almo/ giv+ up 9 despair f ! ef=t to support h]self & h] two *ildr54 ,?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! visitor %e is n[ com=table & practically self-support+4 ,%e has be5 made libr>ian = ! t5em5t h\se by ! visitor1 & is pr\d ( ! di/9ction4 ,! foll[+ are ! exact words ( ! visitor3 ,%e welcomes ! *ildr5 into h] room1 made scrupul\sly clean & attractive2 & z %e sits at h] "w & li/5s to _! games & read+s1 9 :i* %e frequ5tly p>ticipates1 h] depress$ spirits rise1 & %e seems to ga9 c\rage1 & to feel t !re is aft] all some?+ bright 9 h] life4--,sixte5? ,report ( ,c9c9nati ,associat$ ,*>ities1 p4 #ac4 ,aft] ,five ,ye>s4--,! ,c4 family--fa!r1 "m1 & eight *ildr5--7 9 a v depress$ condition :5 ,i fir/ made _! acqua9tance1 five ye>s ago4 ,! fa!r1 :o 0 a consumptive1 _h lo/ 8 position ( travell+ po/man2 ! "m 0 ill2 & ! only s\rce ( income 0 a mon?ly p5sion ( #h4jj & ab\t #h4jj a week e>n$ by ! ?ree elde/ girls1 :o 7 saleswom54 ,! r5t 0 #ae4jj a mon?1 & ! family heavily 9 debt4 ,i succe$$ 9 f9d+ !m a h\se = #i4jj a mon?1 & f\nd assi/ance 9 fl\r1 coal1 & clo?+4 ,an unkn[n fri5d und]took to add #a4jj a mon? to #aii ,mr4 ,c4's p5sion1 & ?is paid ! r5t4 ,twice1 :5 ! girls 7 ill1 ! ,gold5 ,book ,fund came to ! rescue & made up ! tempor>y defici5cy4 ,i tri$ to repres5t to !m ! dignity ( keep+ a ro( ov] _! heads by _! own ef=ts4 ,fir/1 x became possible to disp5se ) ! mon?ly gift ( #a4jj4 ,lat]1 :5 ! girls' wages 7 rais$1 ,mrs4 ,c4 told me ,i ne$ n provide fuel1--!y w\ld n[ try to d t !mselves4 ,"o summ]1 :il/ ,i 0 away1 ! y\nge/ *ild di$1 & ! fun]al exp5ses 7 paid by ! family1 ?r\gh mu* self-d5ial4 ,e ye> ! girls h be5 s5t to _! fri5ds 9 ! c\ntry by ! ,fre% ,air ,fund ( ! ,y4,w4,c4,a41 & once ! y\ng] *ildr5 7 s5t to ! ,*ildr5's ,c\ntry ,home4 ,! p>5ts cont9u$ 9 wret*$ heal?2 b z ! girls' wages gradually increas$1 ,i 0 ask$ by ,mrs4 ,c4 n to provide fur!r aid1 except 9 case ( sickness4 ,9 #ahia1 ,mr4 ,c4's p5sion 0 m ?an d\bl$1 b !y cont9u$ 9 _! poor & unattractive neighborhood until e debt 0 paid1 n =gett+ ! doctor4 ,la/ summ] !y mov$ into a l>g] h\se on a pleasant /reet1 & h en\gh lodg]s to pay m ?an half ! r5t4 ,mr4 ,c4's heal? has improv$1 & he has a light position at #be4jj a mon? & 8 meals4 ,! olde/ girl has m>ri$ well1 ! two o!r girls are good work]s1 & my old fri5ds sure n[ well on _! feet4 ,dur+ abs5ce we h #bjj correspond$ regul>ly4 ,mrs4 ,c4 has le>n$ to come to me 9 e difficulty1 & kn[s h[ gladly ,i %>e h] enc\ragem5ts4--,*>ities ,record1 ,baltimore1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #a4 ,p]sev]+ "u ,difficulties4--,we are ea* ye> m /rongly impress$ ) ! importance & value ( pati5t & c>eful visit+1 ev5 9 ! face ( great disc\ragem5t1 believ+ t s9c]e & judici\s fri5dl9ess is inv>iably helpful1 al?\gh x may be long be=e any app>5t result is produc$4 ,pro(s ( ?is are con/antly com+ to u1 z 9 a ,g]man family :i* has be5 = ! la/ six ye>s "u ! c>e ( "o ( our visitors4 ,! family consi/s ( fa!r1 "m1 & five *ildr51 &1 :5 fir/ visit$1 !y 7 f\nd almo/ de/itute1--! woman e>n+ a little by pick+ b]ries 9 ! summ] & sell+ !m1 & ! man by pick+ coal1--?\gh !y 7 well able to "w4 ,! visitor 0 receiv$ v ungraci\sly at fir/1 & x 0 only aft] f9d+ "s "w = ! man1 & %[+ a real int]e/ 9 ! *ildr51 t %e ga9$ any hold ^u !m4 ,no really m>k$ improvem5t took place until ! *ildr5 w5t to ! ,indu/rial ,s*ool4 ,!n ! girls taught _! "m h[ h] "w %\ld be done1 & x 0 ) great pride t !y %[$ ! visitor h[ neat !y _h made _! rooms4 ,"w 0 obta9$ = ! man z #bja night-wat*man at #ab4jj a week1 &1 aft] a :ile1 he 0 able to pay (f all 8 back debts4 ,he is n[ always glad to see ! visitor4 ,?ree ( ! girls are at "w1 & !y seem a happy & prosp]\s family4--,t5? ,report ( ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 p4 #ee4 ,wid[ ) ,*ildr54--,a typical case ( *ronic dep5d5ce is t ( a wid[ ) six *ildr54 ,:5 %e 0 ref]r$ to u1 ne>ly f\r ye>s ago1 h] *ildr5 7 v "y1 & %e1 ?\gh well-mean+1 0 /upid & ineffici5t4 ,! problem 0 n :e!r aid %\ld be giv51--t 0 cle>ly necess>y1 = ! woman c\ld n e>n any?+ ) h] little *ildr5 to c>e =1--b if ! aid c\ld be giv5 9 su* a way z to really b5efit !m4 ,relief 0 procur$ f ! prop] s\rces1--#bj4jj a qu>t] f ! ,%aw ,fund = ,m>9]s' ,*ildr51 #b4jj a mon? 9 groc]ies f ! city1 & at times #a4jj a week f ! ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul ,society4 ,! visitor :o fir/ int]e/$ himself 9 ! family1 & :o has be5 _! fri5d & c\nsellor ev] s9ce1 receiv$ ! qu>t]ly #bj4jj = !m1 paid ! r5t ) #ac4jj ( x1 & gave ! re/ to ! woman1 :o knew j :at %e _h to dep5d ^u1 & le>n$ to use x prop]ly4 ,z ! *ildr5 grew old]1 ! boy w5t into a di/rict telegraph (fice2 & ! girl1 wi%+ to g into a /ore1 ask$ ! visitor to f9d h] a place4 ,he ?\ght1 h[ev]1 #bjb t x 0 wis] to tea* h] h[ to f9d "o1 &1 aft] sugge/+ "s good e/abli%m5ts to :i* to apply1 told h] to get ref]5ces f h] s*ooltea*] & o!rs1 & g h]self to ask = "w4 ,?is %e did ) "s difficulty1 & got a place2 & :51 aft] a "t1 %e gave x up1 %e knew :at to d1 & _h no difficulty 9 f9d+ ano!r4 ,! boy refus$ to be appr5tic$ to a jo9]1 z ! visitor wi%$1 b is work+ h>d 9 a place he f\nd himself4 ,! second boy goes to s*ool1 & sells pap]s4 ,9 summ]1 ! visitor1 ) ! cons5t ( ! ,conf]5ce1 has s5t ! y\ng] *ildr5 into ! c\ntry to bo>d = a mon?4 ,he has tak5 pa9s to h ! family live 9 a heal?y t5em5t1 & 9 _m ways has insur$ _! well-be+4 ,!y are n[ p>tially self-support+2 & ! old] *ildr5 are respectable & indu/ri\s1 :i* we feel is greatly due to ! influ5ce t ! visitor has ex]t$ ov] !m & _! "m = f\r ye>s4--,f\r? ,report ( ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 p4 #dj4 ,a ,failure4--,gamma made 8 fir/ application to ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society sev5 ye>s ago1 at a "t :5 x 0 ev5 m difficult ?an n[ to f9d volunte] visitors :o 7 intellig5t & fai?ful en\gh to make a c>eful /udy ( ! ne$s ( families plac$ "u _! *>ge1 or c\rage\s en\gh to c>ry out any ?or\gh plan ( treatm5t 9 ^! #bjc families4 ,! man 0 a ,g]man cobbl] :o _h m>ri$ an ,am]ican dome/ic1 & at t "t !re 7 ?ree *ildr51 "o ( !m an imbecile ) de/ructive t5d5cies4 ,! man said he 0 disc\rag$1 t he got "w ) difficulty & _h no tools ) :i* to d x4 ,mat]ials 7 furni%$ & memb]s ( ! ,society f\nd "w = him1 b1 ?is =m ( assi/ance n be+ v mu* to 8 m9d1 !y soon lo/ sight ( him1 & x 0 n till sev]al ye>s lat] t ! ,society aga9 enc\nt]$ ! family 9 a diff]5t "p ( ! city1 & a fri5dly visitor 0 secur$ to /udy _! condition & try & improve x4 ,! visitor report$ t ! man 0 disc\rag$1 ! h\se fil?y beyond description1 & t ! life ( ! f\r? *ild1 !n n9e mon?s old1 0 endang]$ by ! imbecile boy1 :o 0 viol5t at times4 ,aid 0 giv51 &1 ! man's own !ory be+ t he c\ld d bett] 9 ano!r neighborhood1 ! family 0 mov$ & o!rwise aid$ by money secur$ f b5evol5t individuals4 ,x soon became app>5t t ! man lack$ en]gy4 ,he 0 giv5 to pi\s phrases1 & 0 a good talk]1 b all ef=ts to inculcate indu/ry or cleanl9ess 7 met bo? by man & wife ) ! excuse t ! imbecile boy int]f]$ ) all _! ef=ts4 ,at ! family's own solicitation1 ! ,society tri$ to f9d a home = ! boy2 aft] mon?s ( negotiations #bjd he 0 plac$ 9 ! ,s*ool = ,feeble-m9d$ at ,ow+'s ,mills4 ,?is burd5 remov$1 ! visitor r$\bl$ h] ef=ts to make ! home a dec5t "o = ! rema9+ *ildr51 b )\t success4 ,! b$s 7 n made until !y 7 to be slept 91 ! di%es n wa%$ until !y mu/ be us$ aga91 & soil$ clo?+ 0 all[$ to /& 9 soak a week at a "t 9 hot wea!r1 until a heavy scum ga!r$ on ! top & ! air 0 poison$ by ! /5*4 ,! rema9+ *ildr5 7 unkempt & untra9$1 & ! woman q indiff]5t ab\t _! condition4 ,! imbecile _h improv$ at ,ow+'s ,mills1 b1 ow+ to a half-express$ wi% ( ! "m's to see ! boy1 ,gamma br\ght him home & refus$ to take him back aga94 ,! man's good int5tions always seem$ to evaporate 9 f9e phrases4 ,he 0 report$ by ! neighbors to be dr9k+1 ?\gh n heavily1 & "o morn+ ! visitor receiv$ a lett] f him say+ t %e mu/ take c>e ( 8 family--he c\ld /& x no long] & _h left !m4 ,"o ?+ greatly h&icapp$ ! visitor at ?is "t & lat]3 ! squalor ( ?is family /rongly appeal$ to *ance *>itable visitors1 :o help$ !m lib]ally because !y look$ mis]able--help$ !m )\t k & )\t plan4 ,x us$ to be said t e ,am]ican ?9ks he c make an aft]-d9n] spee*1 & x might h be5 add$ t e ,am]ican1 or ne>ly e ,am]ican1 ?9ks #bje he c adm9i/] 8 own *>ities judici\sly4 ,:5 we are mi/ak5 9 our spee*-mak+ ability1 we ourselves are ! suff]]s1 b ! sadde/ ?+ ab\t our *>itable blund]s is t n we b ! poor p are ! suff]]s4 ,! fri5dly visitor to ! ,gammas 0 a woman ( unusual intellig5ce & devotion4 ,h] failure may be trac$ to two causes3 to ! fact t %e 0 n call$ 9 e>li]1 & to ! will+ness ( _m good *ur* p to help q indiscrim9ately = ! ask+4 ,!y w5t & look$ at ! home1 saw t x 0 wret*$ inde$1 & call$ ?is an inve/igation4 ,yes1 ,i've help$ ! ,gammas1 !y us$ to say4 ,i've inve/igat$ _! condition myself4 ,! way 9 :i* ,gamma 0 9 ! habit ( talk+ ab\t ! ,bible z 8 be/ fri5d made a great impression on !m4 ,! man's des]tion ( 8 family 0 a m]e ruse4 ,he 0 soon back aga91 & ready to pr(it by ! help !y _h obta9$4 ,mov+ f place to place to avoid r5t1 !y 7 at la/ eject$1 & ! man1 wife1 & *ildr51 includ+ ! imbecile1 f\nd refuge 9 ! /able ( a k9d-he>t$ man :o took pity on !m4 ,! own] 0 al>m$1 h[ev]1 :5 he f\nd ! family mak+ no ef=t to f9d o!r qu>t]s1 & fe>+ ! imbecile might set fire to ! place at any "t1 he appli$ to ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society to "k :at c\ld be done4 ,we (f]$ ! woman & *ildr5 %elt] at ! ,electric ,sew+ #bjf ,ma*9e ,rooms1 until ! boy c\ld be s5t back to ,ow+'s ,mills & ! o!r *ildr5 committ$ to ! ,h5ry ,watson ,*ildr5's ,aid ,society1 & advis$ t ! man saw wood at ! ,fri5dly ,inn until he c\ld get "w4 ,! man refus$ to g1 b ! woman & *ildr5 came to ! ,electric ,rooms1 & ) ! cop]ation ( ! ,society = ! ,protection ( ,*ildr51 ! imbecile 0 return$ to ,ow+'s ,mills4 ,at ?is juncture ! daily pap]s int]f]$ ) our plans = ! *ildr5 by publi%+ a s5sational acc\nt ( ,gamma z a mo/ indu/ri\s %oemak]1 :o _h always support$ 8 family until ! h>d times ( ! la/ ye> _h ?r[n him out ( "w4 ,money 0 s5t to ! pap]s = ! family4 ,gamma1 :o _h cons5t$ to h two ( ! *ildr5 plac$ 9 good c\ntry homes by ! ,h5ry ,watson ,aid ,society1 *ang$ 8 m9d1 & ! old /ory ( indiscrim9ate *>ity & indiscrim9ate fil? & neglect began all ov] aga94 ,! g5tleman :o _h giv5 !m %elt] ?\ght !y ought to h ano!r trial4 ,!y _h _h six ye>s' trial already1 b ?is la/ "o 0 ( %ort duration4 ,9 f\r mon?s _! *ampion return$ to say t ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society 0 "r & he 0 wrong2 t he _h f\nd ,gamma drunk51 lazy1 & insol5t2 & t ! *ildr5 rais$ "u 8 influ5ce mu/ become paup]s & crim9als4 ,aga9 ! family 7 eject$1 & ?is #bjg "t1 be=e public sympa?y c\ld int]f]e1 ! two old] *ildr5 7 committ$ to ! ,h5ry ,watson ,aid ,society1 & only ! baby left ) ,mrs4 ,gamma4 ,our advice to ,mrs4 ,gamma 0 to return to h] "m1 :o (f]$ h] a home4 ,b ! advice 0 n tak54 ,e/abli%$ 9 ano!r "p ( ,baltimore1 ,gamma r5ew$ 8 attack on ! cl]gy1 & told "o m9i/] t he 0 a h>d5$ crim9al :o _h s]v$ a t]m 9 ! ,p5it5ti>y1 b1 aft] he>+ "o ( 8 s]mons1 he desir$ e>ne/ly to re=m4 ,! late/ news ab\t ! ,gammas is a bit ( in=mation 9 :i* ! *>itable public w h to take an int]e/1 h[ev] reluctantly1 be=e v long1--!re is a new baby4--,*>ities ,record1 ,baltimore1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #h4 ,a ,success4--,! second family consi/$ ( a respectable1 middle-ag$ woman :o _h be5 twice m>ri$1 f\r *ildr5 ( ! fir/ m>riage1 & ! second husb&4 ,! elde/ daught] _h m>ri$1 & ) h] husb& occupi$ "p ( ! h\se 9 :i* h] "m liv$4 ,! o!r ?ree *ildr5 7 "y4 ,! second husb& 0 a drunk5 fell[1 :o did little = 8 wife's support & abus$ h] badly4 ,%e _h be5 to ! hospital to h a s]i\s op]ation p]=m$2 &1 al?\gh ! op]ation _h be5 successful1 h] heal? 0 /ill poor4 ,:5 fir/ kn[n by ! ,conf]5ce ! family 7 #bjh 9 great de/itution4 ,! husb& br\ght home v little1 ! wife c\ld n "w1 & "o ( ! *ildr5 e>n$ a m]e trifle4 ,! r5t 0 unpaid1 & almo/ ! only food ! family _h 0 oatmeal4 ,! m>ri$ daught] & h] husb& said ! family _h be5 long en\gh qu>t]$ on !m1 & refus$ to help !m any m4 ,! only "w ! woman ?\ght %e c\ld d 0 sew+1 & "s ( ?is 0 f\nd = h]4 ,diet ,kit*5 ord] 0 obta9$ = "o ( ! *ildr5 :o 0 ill1 & %oes 7 giv5 to ! o!rs4 ,lat]1 ! ,provid5t ,association gave groc]ies4 ,at ?is "t ! fir/ visitor left ! city1 & a new "o took *>ge ( ! family4 ,%e writes3 ,on fir/ call+ on ,mrs4 ,x41 ,i f\nd a tidy1 respectable-look+ woman1 app>5tly 9 delicate heal?4 ,h] face 0 almo/ t ( a lady1 & h] mann]s 7 polite2 b %e did n make me v welcome4 ,%e spoke ) affection ( h] =m] visitor1 :o1 %e said1 _h be5 v k9d2 b %e pres5tly rem>k$ t %e c\ld n see :y 'all ^! o!r p' _h come pry+ into h] affairs4 ,on inquiry x 0 le>n$ t aft] ! =m] visitor _h left t[n repres5tatives ( sev]al *>itable societies _h call$1 & t "o _h hurt ! woman's feel+s by ask+ all k9ds ( que/ions )\t giv+ any explanation ( 8 s do+4 ,! visitor expla9$ t %e knew ! =m] visitor1 & _h be5 ask$ to call 9 h] place2 &1 aft] #bji "s sympa!tic explanation1 ! woman seem$ a little *e]$4 ,h[ev]1 %e res5t$ ! groc]y ord]s %e 0 receiv+1 say+ t %e did n wi% *>ity--t %e 0 will+ to e>n h] liv+ by sew+4 ,:y c\ld %e n h t in/ead ( groc]y ord]s8 ,z to sew+ = ! %ops1 %e said %e c\ld n d t2 = %op-"w 0 too l[ paid1 & %e c\ld n "w on ! ma*9e4 ,pla9 h&-sew+ 0 ! only ?+ %e c\ld d4 ,:5 told t c]ta9 sew+ to :i* %e ref]r$ 0 *>ity sew+1 & 0 only giv5 out 9 w9t]1 %e exclaim$1 ,!n x is n "w at all1 b *>ity1 j l ! groc]y ord]s4 ,:5 ! visitor said good-by1 %e 0 invit$ to call aga94 ,%e did s repeat$ly1 see+ ! family once a week or (t5]4 ,on acc\nt ( ! drunk5 husb&1 "s "q 0 rais$ z to :e!r ! groc]ies %\ld be giv5 regul>ly1 b ,mrs4 ,x4 /at$ t h] husb& nev] %>$ ! food4 ,he 0 away f home mo/ ( ! "t4 ,sometimes he w\ld come home ,saturday night & br+ "s money1 & !n he w\ld take 8 meals at home2 b1 :5 ! money 0 gone1 he w\ld g out = 8 meals1 nev] ask+ h[ 8 wife & *ildr5 f>$ 9 8 abs5ce4 ,x did n appe> t 8 disreg>d 0 due to 8 ?9k+ t o!rs w\ld c>e = ! family4 ,! wife insi/$ t he did n ?9k or c>e h[ !y f>$4 ,he _h sometimes left h] = weeks1 :5 #baj %e 0 ill 9 b$1 & _h nev] ask$ or kn[n h[ %e _h be5 kept alive4 ,he appe>$ to be s utt]ly irresponsible t he c\ld n be made m s4 ,at ! visitor's sugge/ion1 x 0 soon decid$ t ! y\ng] daught] %\ld take a place at s]vice1 :]e %e c\ld e>n some?+ & yet g home e night4 ,su* a place ! visitor f\nd = h]1 & ! girl 0 eag] to save money to buy h]self a coat = ! foll[+ w9t]4 ,! ne$s ( ! family1 h[ev]1 made x necess>y to take ! e>n+s = liv+ exp5ses2 b ! visitor promis$ t someh[ a coat = ! w9t] %\ld be =?com+4 ,:5 ! employ] clos$ h] h\se 9 ,july1 ! visitor f\nd a situation = ! girl = ! summ] 9 "o ( ! c\ntry t[ns4 ,( ?is "t ! visitor writes3 ,all ! "t ,i felt t ! family 7 suff]+ m ?an 0 "r4 ,! *ildr5 7 fa!rless & ) a sick "m1 & little ,a4 0 con/antly ill1 fir/ "o ?+ & !n ano!r1 ! doctors say+ t he 0 "u-n\ri%$4 ,mrs4 ,x4 did jobs ( wa%+ & scrubb+ z %e c\ld get !m or 0 able1 & ! two *ildr5 ( ?irte5 bo? work$4 ,s a b5evol5t p]son cons5t$ to take entire *>ge ( ! family1 giv+ j :at ,i %\ld ?9k prop]4 ,accord+ly1 f t date to ,octob] #aj an av]age ( #b4fe a week 0 giv51 besides #ac4jj = clo!s & o!r ?+s4 ,also1 #baa ,mrs4 ,x4 & ! two boys 7 s5t to ! c\ntry = "o week4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 ,mrs4 ,x4 felt ! summ] a h>d "o4 ,%e 0 n a brisk or *e]ful woman4 ,%e _h suff]$ a great deal f ! heat1 & ,a4 _h diph!ria & o!r illnesses4 ,9 ! fall x 0 arrang$ t ! girl %\ld aga9 g to s*ool2 & ! m>ri$ si/] f9ally (f]$1 9 ord] to make ?is possible1 to bo>d h] & provide h] ) boots until ,*ri/mas4 ,! ,provid5t ,association1 aft] consid]+ ! case c>efully1 (f]$ to give #b4jj a week & coal & clo?+4 ,! fri5d :o _h be5 giv+ all ! help /ood ready to give if m ?an ?is 0 ne$$4 ,two mon?s lat] ,mrs4 ,x4 _h h] husb& arre/$1 & s5t to ! ,isl& = a mon?4 ,9 ! w9t] ,mrs4 ,x4 consult$ h] visitor z to ! possibility ( h] giv+ up ! ,provid5t help & support+ h]self by tak+ bo>d]s4 ,%e _h fri5ds all ready to come1 & c\ld arrange to hire additional rooms4 ,all %e ne$$ 0 extra b$d+4 ,%e felt confid5t ( success4 ,h] heal? 0 bett] ?an x _h be5 = a long "t1 & %e 0 improv$ 9 en]gy & c\rage4 ,by d9t ( great p]suasion1 ! ,provid5t cons5t$ to give ! b$d+4 ,!y also promis$ to cont9ue giv+ coal2 b ! o!r help1 x 0 arrang$1 %\ld /op4 ,!y _h little hope1 h[ev]1 t ! exp]im5t w\ld succe$4 ,b ! exp]im5t did succe$1 & bett] #bab ?an ,i _h anticipat$4 ,mrs4 ,x4 prov$ a good manag]4 ,%e made a com=table home1 clo!d ! *ildr51 & provid$ _m little com=ts ( :i* !y _h long be5 depriv$4 ,%e became *e]ful & hopeful = ! future4 ,%e seem$ l a diff]5t p]son f ! sick1 disc\rag$ woman ,i _h kn[n n9e mon?s be=e4 ,:5 h] husb& came home f ! ,isl&1 ,i fe>$ he might di/urb ?is prosp]ity1 = he act$ worse ?an ev]2 b 9 ,janu>y he attack$ h] ) a knife1 s %e _h him aga9 arre/$1 & s5t to ! ,isl& = f\r mon?s4 ,%e !n told me %e wi%$ to take /eps = a sep>ation4 ,i enc\rag$ h] 9 ?is decision1 b 0 c>eful n to urge h]1 = ,i felt t su* a /ep to be successful mu/ be tak5 by h] own desire4 ,s1 z spr+ approa*$1 ,i hop$ t bett] days _h really come = ?is family4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 9 ,m>* a sad accid5t br\ght ?is prosp]\s /ate ( ?+s to a sudd5 end4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,m>* #aj1 ,n4 br\ght me ^w t 8 "m _h fall5 d[n/airs & brok5 h] arm1 & ask$ me to call z soon z possible4 ,i f\nd ! poor woman 9 b$1 ) h] "r wri/ brok51 & h] face & body badly bruis$4 ,%e 0 9 great pa91 & s disc\rag$ t x 0 pitiful4 ,h] bo>d]s _h gone1 & %e f\nd h]self once m dep5d5t on *>ity2 b ,i felt ,i c\ld say #bac f a full he>t t ! help %e n[ ne$$ w\ld n be grudg$ to h]4 ,=1 surely1 no "o c\ld help respect+ h] endeavor = self-support or c\ld reg>d h] ef=t z a failure2 &1 :5 h] accid5t r$uc$ h] once m to dep5d5ce1 h] r5t 0 paid = ! re/ ( ! mon?1 %e _h a bag ( fl\r & o!r groc]ies 9 ! h\se1 & #h4jj 9 money ) :i* to pay ! doctor = sett+ h] wri/4 ,! visitor adds3 ,i ?9k t dur+ ?is ye>'s visit+ ,mrs4 ,x4 _h really le>n$ to reg>d me z a fri5d4 ,at fir/ ,i d n ?9k %e lik$ me v well1 & ,i also f\nd x h>d cordially to l h]4 ,we 7 n naturally sympa!tic4 ,i am afraid t %e (t5 ?\ght me h>d2 & %e _h a dre>y1 compla9+ way t tri$ me a great deal4 ,b h] good qualities comm&$ my respect & h] mis=tunes my pity2 & on h] my evid5t desire to befri5d h] gradually _h its effect4 ,h] fir/ expression ( real feel+ 0 :5 %e consult$ me ab\t h] plan = tak+ bo>d]s1 & t 0 aft] n9e mon?s ( con/ant visit+4 ,%e !n said t ,i 0 ! only fri5d t %e _h 9 ! _w2 & lat]1 :5 ! plan 0 9 successful op]ation1 %e told me t %e attribut$ all h] prosp]ity to me1 & t %e 0 a /> 9 my cr[n4 ,t %e ow$ all h] prosp]ity to me 0 ( c\rse an exagg]ation4 ,i c\ld n h help$ h] _h %e n be5 ! ess5tially dec5t woman %e 04 ,b1 at ! same #bad "t1 x 0 true t1 _h %e n be5 help$ & enc\rag$ :5 h] de/itution 0 s great1 %e w\ld probably h lack$ bo? ! physical & moral /r5g?1 z well z ! opportunity lat]1 to /& ^u h] own feet4 ,&1 :5 h] bad =tune aga9 ov]took h]1 x 0 mu* = h] t %e _h a fri5dly visitor to turn to4 ,%e felt x s h]self2 &1 z %e lay moan+ ) pa91 %e sobb$ out t ,i 0 ! only com=t %e _h on e>?4 ,aft] ! break+ ( h] wri/1 ,mrs4 ,x4 0 dep5d5t = a long "t1 s9ce ! wri/ did n knit prop]ly1 & h] "r h& 0 almo/ disabl$4 ,x did n seem z if %e c\ld ev] get on h] feet aga94 ,b aft] a "t %e wi%$ to move to "o ( ! c\ntry t[ns :]e %e _h acqua9tances4 ,! visitor w5t to ! place h]self to exam9e ! *ances1 & decid$ t ! plan 0 wor? try+4 ,! ,provid5t ,association gave #aj4jj = mov+ & #aj4jj m = a />t4 ,aft] t ! visitor gave a little f "t to "t2 b1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! family 7 self-support+4 ,! boy work$ 9 a factory1 ! girl 0 employ$ by a neighbor1 & ! "m rais$ h5s & vegetables4 ,at la/ acc\nts ! daught] 0 m>ri$4 ,h] husb& is ( good "* & prosp]\s4 ,bo? ! bro!rs are e>n+ good wages1 ! y\ng] "o hav+ gr[n f a sickly *ild to a /rong & he>ty boy4 ,! "m is successful ) h] p\ltry1 & gets high prices = #bae ! eggs4 ,! husb& comes & goes z =m]ly1 contribut+ no?+ to ! family income1 b do+ no special h>m to any b himself4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! pres5t condition ( ! family is a v happy contra/ to t 9 :i* !y 7 fir/ f\nd2 & c]ta9ly1 also1 ^! *ang$ conditions are 9 no small degree due to ! e>ne/ & devot$ ef=ts ( ! visitor4--,sixte5? ,report ( ,bo/on ,associat$ ,*>ities1 pp4 #de sq4 ,unconsci\s ,influ5ce ( ,good ,neighbors4--,i w\ld v5ture to say t !re is n an immoral man or woman 9 neighborhoods kn[n z disreputable1 h[ev] completely he or %e may h ca/ (f self-re/ra9t & reg>d = "*1 :o has n daily examples ( p]sons1 close to su* homes & haunts ( vice1 liv+ hone/ & morally clean lives1 & :o is n1 to a degree n consci\sly kn[n1 re/ra9$ & influ5c$ by ! contact4 4 4 4 ,space w n p]mit _m in/ances to be /at$1 b1 z illu/rat+ :at ,i am wi%ful to make cle>1 ,i give two4 ,9 a c\rt beh9d a /reet well kn[n z be>+ almo/ ! wor/ "* 9 ,man*e/] lives a man1 p>alyz$1 unable to leave an old s(a :i* has be5 8 b$ = mon?s4 ,he 0 9 ! ,royal ,infirm>y1 & !re pron\nc$ incurable1 b likely to live ye>s ) ord9>y c>e4 ,he c\ld h be5 tak5 to ! workh\se hospital at ,crumpsall1 :]e he w\ld h #baf _h c>eful nurs+ & suitable food4 ,he has no dread ( ! workh\se hospital1 & w\ld gladly g if he _h any hope ( cure4 ,he speaks mo/ gratefully ( 8 treatm5t at ! ,royal ,infirm>y4 ,b !re is no hope ( cure1 & 8 wife & he h det]m9$ to keep toge!r :ile he lives1 & he refuses ! com=ts ( ! hospital1 & %e refuses to let him g f h]4 ,%e has made h] home 9 ?is c\rt1 work+ 9 ! room 9 :i* he lies1 ) only ano!r room = _! f\r *ildr54 ,%e e>ns an av]age ( #es4 weekly2 h] elde/ boy e>ns at a situation #es4 m1 & on :at is left out ( #ajs41 aft] pay+ #bs4 #f;d4 r5t1 & buy+ coal & light1 ! six live4 7,! condition ( ?+s is n[ improv$ by ! gu>dians decid+ to take two ( ! *ildr5 into ,sw9ton ,s*ools47 ,?is is a simple & v ord9>y /ory4 ,b :at is ! effect ( ! woman's "w8 ,%e says little to h] neighbors4 ,h] high purpose & h] complete devotion to h] husb& & *ildr5 h made o!r wom5 a%am$ ( s91 & made m5 wi% !mselves wor?y ( wom5 l h]4 ,%e has no ?\ght t %e is do+ any?+ b giv+ h] life = h] husb& & *ildr51 has no k ( :at ! words unconsci\s influ5ce mean--b none ! less %e is a light %9+ 9 a d>k place4 ,ano!r illu/ration4 ,an old man1 = =ty ye>s a labor]1 nev] e>n+ m ?an a weekly wage ( #bag #bjs41 :o _h br\ght up ?ree sons 7n[ dec5t work+ m51 m>ri$1 ) families71 became unable to "w long]1 & is all[$ #es4 weekly by 8 la/ employ]2 ! r5t is paid by 8 sons1 :o also give an occasional %ill+ :5 !y visit him4 ,?is is ! :ole income = himself & 8 wife4 ,"s "t ago :5 9 ! /reet he met a "y woman :om he recogniz$ z ! daught] ( a man :o us$ to "w ) him4 ,he saw t %e 0 out = immoral purposes & spoke to h]1 tell+ h] h[ sorry he 0 to f9d h] lead+ su* a life4 ,z %e appe>$ sorry & rep5tant1 he took h] home to 8 wife to take c>e ( h] until he c\ld see h] fa!r4 ,he f\nd t ! fa!r _h mov$ to ,bury1 hav+ left 8 "w 9 ,man*e/] f %ame at 8 daught]'s disgrace4 ,on ! ,sunday1 :5 he c\ld expect to f9d ! fa!r at home1 ! old man walk$ ! sev5 miles to ,bury & f\nd 8 =m] mate1 b c\ld n prevail on him to take 8 daught] home4 ,9 fact1 ! fa!r 0 v angry at be+ ask$1 & refus$ to li/54 ,! old man walk$ back & told 8 wife t ! girl mu/ /ay ) !m until ! next ,sunday1 :5 he w\ld try aga94 ,! next ,sunday ! old man walk$ to ,bury & saw ! fa!r1 :o 0 some:at s(t5$1 b /ill refus$ to see 8 daught]4 ,a walk home aga91 & ! old man & 8 wife settl$ t ! girl %\ld rema9 ) !m = ano!r try to be made1 & on ! next ,sunday he set out on ! #bah road1 hopeful to succe$4 ,! fa!r ?is "t gave way1 & on ! foll[+ ,monday ! daught] w5t home1 & has s9ce liv$ at home work+ regul>ly4 ,! old man & 8 wife don't "k t !y h done any?+ out ( common1 or any?+ m ?an ought to be done1 = a poor lass4--,dr9k & ,pov]ty1 by ,c\ncillor ,alex&] ,m',d\gall1 pp4 #g sq4 #bai ,,index ,accid5t1 damages =1 #bc1 #ajd4 ,addams1 ,miss ,jane1 #gb4 ,adequate relief1 #aeg-aei4 ,adult]ation ( food supplies1 #aac4 ,adv]tis+1 philan?ropic1 #adh4 ,am]ican ,society = ! ,ext5sion ( ,univ]sity ,tea*+1 #acg4 ,associat$ *>ities4 ,see ,*>ity organization societies4 ,babies1 c>e (1 #gg-gh4 ,bad temp] z a cause ( unemploym5t1 #cg4 ,b>nato1 ,b>ney1 #aj4 ,b>nett1 ,mrs4 ,samuel1 #acd-ace4 ,ba?s1 *eap1 #if4 ,beale1 ,miss ,j4 ,f41 #acj4 ,begg>s1 #be-bg2 *ild1 #hh-hi2 & free s\p1 #adi4 ,b5eficial & frat]nal societies1 #abb-abc2 z a s\rce ( relief1 #aej4 ,birtwell1 ,miss ,m4 ,l41 #ahb4 ,bo>d+-out dep5d5t *ildr51 #ij4 ,books1 l5d+1 #acc4 ,boo?1 ,*>les1 #aig4 ,bosanquet1 ,mrs4 ,b]n>d1 #ah1 #bi1 #dh1 #di4 ,bo/on ,symphony ,or*e/ra1 #ace4 ,breadw9n]1 !1 z head ( family1 #ag-ai1 #dd-eg2 z citiz51 #ai-bc2 z employee1 #bh-da2 intemp]ate habits (1 #eg-fc2 woman z1 #gb-gd2 *ild z1 #ha-hc4 ,br[n1 ,miss ,m>y ,willcox1 #abj4 ,build+ & loan associations1 #abc4 ,burial insurance1 #aaj1 #aai-aba4 ,cant]bury1 ,ar*bi%op (1 #agb4 ,ca?olic v]sus ,prote/ant attitude t[>d ! poor1 #agd4 ,causes ( pov]ty1 #g-i2 intemp]ance z a cause1 #eh2 sickness1 #ie-if4 ,"*1 #i4 ,*>itable ag5cies1 multiplication (1 #agf-agg4 ,*>ity organization societies1 #ac1 #ca1 #ch1 #ee1 #fj1 #fb1 #ahg1 #ahi1 #bjb4 ,*attel mortgages1 #aae-aah4 ,*ild insurance1 #abb4 ,*ild labor1 #ha-hc1 #aaa4 ,*ildr51 ( immoral p>5ts1 #di-ea2 ( wid[s1 #gc-gd1 #aeh-aei1 #bja-bjb2 diet ( small1 #gg2 z breadw9n]s1 #ha-hc2 wayw>d & dull1 #hc-he2 read+ (1 #hf-hg2 tra9+ 9 citiz5%ip1 #hg2 begg+1 #hh-hi2 protection f cruelty & immorality1 #hi-ij2 bo>d+-out1 plac+-out1 & in/itutional c>e (1 #ij-ia2 cleanl9ess =1 #ii2 sick1 #aja2 insur+1 #abb2 z an inve/m5t1 #abb2 & /amp sav+s1 #abc2 games =1 #acj-aca2 & relief1 #adf4 ,*ildr5's ,aid societies1 #he-hf4 ,*ildr5's *>ities1 #gf-gg4 ,*ur*1 !1 & municipal re=m1 #ba2 & relief1 #afj1 #afg-agd2 & pov]ty1 #aff-afg2 multiply+ relations )1 #afh1 #afi2 *>ities (1 #agj-agh2 competition 91 #aga-agb2 z a natural s\rce ( relief1 #agc-agd2 ! *ief s\rce ( ! *>itable impulse1 #age-agf2 & secul> ag5cies1 #agf-agg4 ,*ur* work]s1 :o ignore ! breadw9n]1 #ah2 ignore neighborhood ties1 #be1 #bg2 ignore ! fundam5tal conditions ( family life1 #dd-de2 ignore ! claims ( *ildr5 to educational advantages1 #ha2 all[ *ildr5 to be s5t ) begg+ messages1 #hh2 pref] to adm9i/] spiritual consolation mix$ ) mat]ial relief1 #add4 ,citiz5%ip1 #ai-bc1 #hg4 ,city life v]sus c\ntry1 #dj1 #hb4 ,cleanl9ess1 h\sehold1 #fi-gj2 p]sonal1 #ii4 ,cl]gym51 difficulties (1 9 guid+ *ur* *>ities1 #agj-aga2 tra9+ (1 = *>itable "w1 #agh4 ,collection ( small sav+s1 #abd4 ,commodities1 relief 91 v]sus relief 9 ca%1 #afa4 ,common s5se1 *>itable skill bas$ ^u1 #ahg4 ,compulsory education1 #hj4 ,conditions1 reasonable1 9 grant+ relief1 #aij4 ,conf9em5t cases1 #dh1 #ajc4 ,consumptives1 *ange ( climate =1 #aje-ajf4 ,contagi\s diseases1 #aja4 ,cont5tm5t n always a virtue1 #abg-abh4 ,convalesc5ts1 #ajd4 ,cop]ation1 betwe5 *ur*es & secul> *>ities1 #agf-agg2 ( ! visitor ) s*ool-tea*]s1 #gi-hj2 ) ,sunday-s*ool tea*]s1 #hg2 ) *ildr5's aid society1 #he2 ) society = protection ( *ildr51 #hi-ij2 ) bo>d ( heal?1 #if-aja2 ) disp5s>ies1 #ajj-aja2 ) hospitals1 #aja-ajc2 ) di/rict nurses1 & diet kit*5s1 #ajc2 ) educational ag5cies1 #acg2 ) relief ag5cies1 #afd1 #bja-bjb2 ) *ur*es1 #agg-agh2 ) *>ity organization society1 #ahg-ahi2 ) o!rs *>itably int]e/$ 9 family1 #aib4 ,correspond5ce ) families1 #ahd-ahe1 #aii4 ,c\ntry life = families1 #da1 #hb4 ,cr$it1 buy+ on1 #aac2 bett] ?an relief1 #adi4 ,damage & accid5t cases1 #bc1 #ajd4 ,dampness1 #ig1 #ajb1 #aaj4 ,day nurs]ies1 #gg4 ,de ,graff5reid1 ,cl>e1 #be4 ,des]t$ wives1 #dh1 #gc-gd4 ,des]t]s1 *ronic1 #dh1 #bje4 ,dick5s1 #b4 ,diet1 #fg2 ( small *ildr51 #gg4 ,diet kit*5s1 #ajc4 ,diet>ies1 sci5tific1 #ff-fg4 ,discont5t1 social value (1 #abg-abh4 ,disp5s>ies1 #ajj-aja4 ,di/rict nurses1 #ajc4 ,di/rict visit+1 #aic-aid4 ,doctor+1 relief "w comp>$ to1 #aed-aee4 ,dress & mann]s1 ta/e 91 #fh4 ,duplication ( relief1 #afe4 ,edgewor?1 ,miss1 #b4 ,education1 #hj-hd1 #ib1 #acg-ach4 ,educational classes1 #acg4 ,eliot1 ,george1 #b1 #aj1 #cd4 ,eliot1 ,rev4 ,samuel ,a41 #aje4 ,employees1 #bh-da4 ,employ]1 z s\rce ( relief1 #aej2 caution 9 mak+ inquiries (1 #ahi4 ,employm5t1 #bh-da2 fluctuat+1 #ce2 equalization (1 #ce-cf1 cautions 9 f9d+1 #dj-da1 #bja-bjb2 facts ne$$ 9 f9d+1 #ahf-ahh4 ,exceptional cases1 #g4 ,ex]cise1 outdoor1 #ih-ii1 #acb4 ,exp]i5ce1 ne$ (1 9 relief "w1 #afc-afd4 ,facts1 necess>y 9 relief1 #aef-aeg2 9 treatm5t1 #ahf-ahh4 ,family1 !1 head (1 #ag-ai1 #dd-eg2 ess5tial elem5ts (1 #de-df2 break+ up1 #ed-eg2 ov]-visit+1 #ahd2 brief biography ( heads (1 #ahh4 ,family budgets1 #abe4 ,f9ancial hi/ory ( family1 facts 91 #ahh4 ,fluctuat+ "w1 #ce4 ,food1 buy+ & prep>+1 #fe-fg2 adult]ation (1 #aac4 ,=ms ( relief1 #afj-afb4 ,frat]nal societies1 #abb-abc2 z a s\rce ( relief1 #aej4 ,fre% air *>ities1 #gh-gi4 ,fre% air1 prejudice aga9/1 #ig-ih4 ,fri5dly visit+1 & social s]vice1 #e2 ne$ (1 #ac2 introduction to1 #ac2 qualifications =1 #ad2 & economic problems1 #bi2 & employm5t1 #cf-da2 m5 & wom5 91 #da-dc2 & h\sehold economy1 #fe-fi2 & s*ool-tea*]s1 #gi2 & home libr>ies1 #hg2 & ! *ildr51 #ia-ic2 & sanitation1 #ig-aja2 & sickness1 #aja-ajf2 & ?rift1 #aaa2 & sav+s1 #abd2 & *attel mortgages1 #aaf2 & recreations1 #abi2 & relief1 #adb-ade1 #ahc2 & relief ag5cies1 #afd-afe2 & *ur*es1 #agg-agh2 :at x is n1 #ahj2 results (1 #aha2 pr9ciples (1 #ahb-aie2 pati5ce 91 #ahb-ahc2 numb] ( families 91 #ahb2 by correspond5ce1 #ahd-ahe2 mutual relations 91 #ahe2 & *>ity organization societies1 #ahg-ahi2 & o!rs *>itably int]e/$1 #aib2 be/ done alone1 #aic2 di/+ui%$ f di/rict visit+1 #aic-aid2 illu/rations ( cont9u\s1 #aig-bae4 ,fuel1 #fh-fi2 sav+ =1 #acd4 ,fun]als1 #aai-aba4 ,games1 #acj-aca4 ,godk91 ,e4 ,l41 #ba4 ,gymnasiums1 #acb4 ,heal?1 #ie-ajf2 sav+ at exp5se (1 #aaj4 ,hill1 ,miss ,octavia1 #ce1 #abh1 #aha4 ,home1 !1 ! unit ( society1 #dd2 relief %\ld be giv5 91 #ade-adf4 ,home libr>ies1 #hf-hg1 #aig-aih4 ,hospital c>e1 #aja2 prejudice aga9/1 #aja-ajc4 ,h[ells1 ,w4 ,d41 #gj4 ,humor1 s5se (1 necess>y 9 *>ity1 #abi4 ,ignorance ( ,engli% z a cause ( unemploym5t1 #ci4 ,impo/ure1 #afh-agj4 ,improvid5t poor1 #aab4 ,inadequate relief1 #aeg-aei1 #agc4 ,incapacity z a cause ( unemploym5t1 #cd4 ,incurables1 #ajd-aje4 ,indiscrim9ate giv+1 #d1 #f2 by ! poor1 #be-bg2 weak5s neighborhood ties1 #bg2 weak5s family ties1 #de-dg2 to *ildr51 #hh-hi2 mat]ialism (1 #ada2 results (1 #aeg1 #bjd-bje4 ,individual s]vice1 & social s]vice1 #e-f2 dang]s (1 #g4 ,indu/rial insurance1 #abj-aba4 ,influ5ce1 p[] ( p]sonal1 #ib-ic2 pati5ce 9 ga9+1 #ahb-ahc2 ( good neighbors1 #aig1 #bae-bah4 ,in/alm5t pur*ases1 #bd1 #aac-aae4 ,in/itutional c>e1 #afb2 ( *ildr51 #ij-ia2 = *ronic cases1 #aia4 ,insurance1 indu/rial1 #abj-aba4 ,intemp]ance1 #g1 #dh-di1 #ed1 #eg-fc2 recreations z a cure (1 #acb-acc4 ,int]f]5ce ) individual rights1 #ab4 ,int]im relief1 #aed4 ,invalids1 *ronic1 #ajc-ajd2 migration (1 #aje-ajf4 ,inve/igation1 #aee-aeg1 #ahf-ahi2 caution conc]n+ inquiries ( l&lords & employ]s1 #ahi4 ,jewett1 ,s>ah ,orne1 #c4 ,juv5ile (f5d]s1 #he1 #hh-hi4 ,kelley1 ,mrs4 ,flor5ce1 #hb4 ,k9d]g>t5s1 #gi2 fir/ support$ by *ur*es1 #age-agf4 ,krohn1 ,pr(essor ,william ,o41 #hc4 ,l&lords :o sub-let1 #bd2 z cr$itors1 #afb2 caution conc]n+ inquiries (1 #ahi4 ,laws = protection ( *ildr51 #ia4 ,lectures1 free1 #acg4 ,legal extortions1 #bc4 ,libr>ies1 free1 #acc4 ,loan companies1 #aae-aah2 philan?ropic1 #aag2 build+ &1 #abc4 ,loan exhibitions1 #acc-ace4 ,loans1 #afa4 ,lo*1 ,c4 ,s41 #abe4 ,l[ell1 ,mrs4 ,joseph9e ,%aw1 #ed1 #gc1 #aah1 #aeg-aei4 ,man ( ! family1 (t5 ov]look$1 #ag2 %\ld apply = relief1 #ade4 ,manual tra9+1 #ib4 ,m>ri$ vagabonds1 #dg-eg1 #ic1 #adf1 #aeh1 #afd1 #bjb-bae4 ,mason1 ,miss1 #ij4 ,mat]ialism ( ! *>itable1 #ada1 #aga4 ,m$ical s]vice1 *eap grade (1 #ajj4 ,m5 z fri5dly visitors1 #da4 ,migration ( invalids1 #aje4 ,money1 relief 91 #afa4 ,mo!rs' meet+s1 #gd-ge4 ,municipal re=m1 #f1 #ba4 ,music1 #ace-acg4 ,negro prejudice aga9/ hospitals1 #ajb-ajc4 ,neighborhood /&>d1 & relief-giv+1 #afc-afd2 & plans = p]man5t improvem5t1 #aia4 ,neighbors1 #bd-be1 #bg2 z a s\rce ( relief1 #aej2 effects ( relief ^u1 #afc1 #aij2 influ5ce ( good1 #bae-bah4 ,newspap] appeals = individual cases ( ne$1 #adg1 #bjf4 ,non-support laws1 #ec4 ,novels1 pov]ty 91 #b2 sociological1 #c4 ,odd jobs1 #cf4 ,op5 spaces1 #if4 ,outdoor relief1 public1 #aea-aeb4 ,out+s1 #gh-gi1 #aca4 ,ov]-visit$ families1 #ahd4 ,p>asites1 #aa4 ,p>tn]%ip1 ) ! poor 9 relief1 #aei2 9 plans = _! welf>e1 #aij4 ,pat5t m$ic9es1 #ajj1 #aaj4 ,patronage1 #aj1 #ge4 ,paup] burial1 #aah-aai4 ,paup]ism n pov]ty1 #aa4 ,pawn+1 #aah4 ,peabody1 ,pr(essor ,f4 ,g41 #abg4 ,peabody1 ,george1 #acc4 ,p5sions1 = wid[s ) *ildr51 #gd2 cont9u$ aft] ne$ has ceas$1 #aee2 to supplem5t natural res\rces1 #afb4 ,physical defects z a cause ( unemploym5t1 #ch2 z a cause ( juv5ile del9qu5cy1 #hc-he4 ,physical hi/ory ( family1 facts 91 #ahg4 ,pickton1 ,miss1 #agc4 ,pictures1 l5d+1 #acc-ace4 ,plac+-out dep5d5t *ildr51 #ij4 ,plans = relief1 #aed-aeg2 *ang$ ) *ang+ conditions1 #aee2 bas$ on facts1 #aee-aef2 = p]man5t improvem5t1 #ahi-aib4 ,pleasures ! measure ( a man1 #abi4 ,pl$ges1 temp]ance1 #fa4 ,policem5 z di/ributors ( relief1 #ai4 ,political corruption1 #ba-bc2 & public relief1 #aea4 ,poor1 !1 n a social class1 #aj-ab2 *>ity (1 #be-bg2 treat$ z dep5d5t animals1 #abe2 p>tn]%ip )1 9 plans ( relief1 #aei-afj4 ,pov]ty1 phases 9 our treatm5t (1 #e2 cure (1 #bi2 problems ( n s simple z !y seem1 #adj4 ,pr9ciples ( relief-giv+1 #ade-afb4 ,probation sy/em = juv5ile (f5d]s1 #he-hf4 ,protection ( *ildr5 f cruelty & immorality1 #hi-ij2 societies =1 #hi2 laws =1 #ia4 ,provid5t poor1 #aaa4 ,public di/ributions ( relief1 #adg4 ,publicity 9 *>ity1 demoralization (1 #adf-adh4 ,putnam1 ,mrs4 ,james1 #gf4 ,quack doctors1 #ajj4 ,read+1 #acc2 ( *ildr51 #hf-hg4 ,recreation1 #abg-aci4 ,ref]5ces1 lack (1 z a cause ( unemploym5t1 #cg4 ,relatives z a s\rce ( relief1 #adi-aej4 ,relief1 policem5 z di/ributors (1 #ai2 ( m>ri$ vagabond's family1 #ej-ed2 ( drunk>d's family1 #fa2 ( *ildr51 #gf-gg2 & hospital c>e1 #ajb2 ( ?riftless families1 #aab2 & recreation1 #ach-aci2 a valuable tool1 #adj-ada2 fri5dly visitors z disp5s]s (1 #adb-ade2 six pr9ciples (1 #ade-afb2 ) a future1 #aec-aed2 societies =1 #aec2 int]im1 #aed2 comp>$ ) doctor+1 #aed-aee2 ) a plan1 #aee-aeg2 adequate1 #aeg-aei2 9 "w1 #afj2 9 k9d1 #afa2 duplication (1 #afe2 *ur*1 #afg-agd2 z a gospel ag5cy1 #aga-agc2 ) conditions1 #aij4 ,relief 9 "w1 #afj4 ,relief societies1 #aec4 ,r5t1 #aef1 #afb4 ,ri*>dson1 #b4 ,saloon1 !1 #eg1 #abh1 #acc4 ,sanitation1 improv$1 #if4 ,sav+1 #ce1 #aaa1 #aai-abe2 un?rifty =ms (1 #aaj-aaa2 sav+s banks1 #aah-aai1 #abc2 beg9n+s (1 #aai2 = burial1 #aai-aba2 = sickness1 #abb2 /amp1 #abc-abd2 collections1 #abd2 = fuel1 #abd4 ,s*ool-tea*]s1 #gi-hj ,scott1 #b4 ,seasonal occupations1 #cf4 ,self-help1 res\rces =1 #aij4 ,self-su/a9+ families1 #aic4 ,s5tim5tal *>ity1 #d4 ,settlem5ts1 #e1 #h1 #ajh4 ,%aftesbury1 ,"l1 #aj4 ,%am homes1 #df4 ,sick b5efits1 #abb4 ,sickness1 z a cause ( pov]ty1 #ie-if2 outside hospitals1 #ajc-ajd2 facts ne$$ 9 help+1 #ahf-ahh4 ,smi?1 ,miss ,frances1 #aha4 ,smi?1 ,miss ,zilpha ,d41 #cf1 #eh1 #gi1 #adb4 ,social classes1 #aj-ab4 ,social hi/ory ( family1 facts ne$$ 91 #ahg4 ,social s]vice1 #e4 ,s\p kit*5s1 #adh-adi4 ,s\rces ( relief1 natural1 #adi-aej2 relief societies1 #aej2 public outdoor relief1 #aea2 multiplication (1 #aeb-aec4 ,spasmodic *>ity1 #aia1 ,sp5c]1 ,mrs4 ,anna ,g>l91 #ha4 ,sp5d+1 #aaa1 #aab1 #abe1 ,/amp sav+s1 #abc-abd4 ,/rikes1 #ca-cb4 ,/udy1 supplem5t>y to exp]i5ce1 #ae2 ( *>ity 9 !ological sem9>ies1 #agh4 ,sugge/ion1 p[] (1 #ah1 #ga-gb4 ,sugge/ions ab\t visit+ n all applicable to "o family1 #agi4 ,summ] visit+1 #ahe4 ,sunday-s*ools1 multiplication (1 #hg-hh1 #afh1 #agg4 ,sympa?y & s5tim5tality1 #ga4 ,tact1 #ad4 ,tammany ,hall's *>ity1 #bj4 ,t5em5ts1 unsanit>y1 #if4 ,?anet1 ,octave1 #c4 ,!ological sem9>ies1 c\rse ( *>itable in/ruction 91 #agh4 ,?omas1 ,!odore1 #ace-acg4 ,?rift1 #ajh-aab2 & wages1 #aji2 includes sp5d+1 #aaj-aaa2 divides ! poor into ?ree classes1 #aaa-aab4 ,?riftless1 !1 #aji-aaj1 #aef4 ,trade-unions1 #cj1 #cb4 ,tra9+ ( *>ity work]s1 life ! be/ s*ool = !1 #ad1 #ade1 #aha-ahb2 common s5se 91 #ahg2 economic que/ions 91 #bi4 ,und]tak]s & indu/rial insurance1 #aba4 ,unemploy$1 9 place ( /rik]s1 #ca-cb2 numb] (1 #cc2 treatm5t (1 #cd4 ,unemploym5t1 causes (1 #cc-dj4 ,univ]sity ext5sion1 #acg4 ,unsanit>y surr\nd+s1 #if-ig2 t5em5ts1 #if4 ,un?rifty =ms ( sav+1 #aaj-aaa4 ,unwor?y n a descriptive t]m z appli$ to ! poor1 #aed4 ,usury1 #aae-aah4 ,vagabonds1 m>ri$1 #dg-eg1 #ic1 #adf1 #aeh1 #afd1 #bjb-bae4 ,v5tilation1 #ig-ih4 ,visit+1 cont9u\s1 #ahb-ahe2 illu/rations ( cont9u\s1 #aig-bae2 pati5ce 91 #ahb-ahc1 #bjj2 illu/rations ( successful1 #aig-bjb1 #bjg-bae2 9 summ]1 #ahe4 ,see also ,fri5dly visit+4 ,wants1 social value ( v>i$1 #abg4 ,w>n]1 ,a4 ,g41 #cc1 #ie4 ,wayw>d *ildr51 #hc-hf2 girls1 #baf-bah4 ,wid[s ) *ildr51 #gc-gd1 #aeh-aei1 #bja-bjb4 ,w9d[-g>d5+1 #aca-acb4 ,w9t] n ! only season = *>itable "w1 #ahd4 ,wolcott1 ,mrs4 ,rog]1 #gj4 ,wom5 z homemak]s1 #fd-ge2 z breadw9n]s1 #gb-gd4 ,"w hi/ory ( family1 facts ne$$ 91 #ahg-ahh4 ,wor?y & unwor?y1 #aed4