,,amateur ,,fi% ,,culture ,,by ,,*>les ,,edw>d ,,walk] ,,au?or ,,( ,,old ,,flies ,,9 ,,new ,,dresses ,,%oot+ ,,on ,a ,,small ,,income1 ,,etc ,,we/m9/] ,,ar*ibald ,,con/able ,,co ,,ltd #b ,,:itehall ,,g>d5s #aija ,butl] ,tann]1 ,! ,selwood ,pr9t+ ,works1 ,frome1 & ,london4 ,,preface ,my aim1 9 ?is little book1 has be5 to give in=mation & h9ts :i* w prove useful to ! amateur4 ,"s ( ! plans & app>atus sugge/$ w\ld n be suitable = fi% culture on a l>ge scale1 b my object has be5 to conf9e myself entirely to op]ations on a small scale4 ,i h to ?ank ! ,editor ( ,l& & ,wat] = p]mission to publi% 9 book =m :at fir/ appe>$ z a s]ies ( articles4 ,,*>les ,,walk]4 ,mayfield1 ,sussex4 ,m>*1 #aija4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i ,introductory #a ,,ii ,/ock+ ,wat]s ) ,food #g ,,iii ,suitable ,fi% & ,suitable ,wat]s #ad ,,iv ,tr\t4 ,prelim9>y ,h9ts & ,advice #bj ,v ,tr\t4 ,re>+ ,ponds1 ,boxes1 & ,hat*+ ,trays #bg ,,vi ,tr\t4 ,managem5t ( ! ,ova & ,alev9s #cd ,,vii ,tr\t4 ,managem5t ( ! ,fry #db ,,viii ,tr\t4 ,! ,managem5t ( ! ,fry 7,cont9u$7 #ea ,,ix ,tr\t4 ,! ,fri5ds & ,enemies ( ! ,fi% ,culturi/ #eh ,x ,tr\t4 ,managem5t1 ,fe$+1 & ,turn+ out ( ,ye>l+s #fg ,,xi ,! ,re>+ ( ! ,ra9b[ ,tr\t1 ,am]ican ,brook ,tr\t1 & ,*> #gb ,,xii ,salmon & ,sea-,tr\t #ha ,,xiii ,co>se ,fi% #hh ,app5dix #ic ,index #ig ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory ,fi% culture ( a c]ta9 k9d dates f v e>ly times1 b its sci5tific developm5t has only come ab\t q rec5tly4 ,mo/ p "k t 9 our own c\ntry ! monks _h /ew ponds1 :]e !y kept fi%1 pr9cipally c>p1 & also t ! ,romans kept fi% 9 ponds4 ,9 ! latt] case we he> m (t5 ( ! eel ?an ( o!r fi%4 ,! bre$+ ( tr\t & salmon1 & ! artificial spawn+ & hat*+ ( ova1 are1 h[ev]1 an innovation ( our own "t4 ,mu* has be5 discov]$ ab\t ! procreation ( fi%1 & 9 no case h sci5ti/s work$ s h>d & discov]$ m ?an 9 ! case ( ,salmonid4 ,fi% culture1 p>ticul>ly tr\t culture1 has become a trade1 & a pay+ "o4 ,to any "o :o has ! lea/ idea ( ! difficulties to be ov]come 9 re>+ ,salmonid1 ?is fact alone proves t fi% culture mu/ h progress$ to a v advanc$ /age z a sci5ce4 ,?is advance has 9 v _m1 if n 9 ! majority ( cases1 be5 made by ! bitt] exp]i5ce ga9$ ?r\gh failures & mi%aps1 = ^! h l$ fi% culturi/s to try _m diff]5t means to prev5t mis*ances1 or to rectify !m if !y h happ5$4 ,"s ( ! mo/ s]i\s difficulties exp]i5c$ by ! e>ly fi% culturi/s :o br$ ,salmonid c n[ be almo/ disreg>d$1 = !y h>dly exi/ = ! mod]n fi% culturi/1 ) ! k he possesses ( ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs4 ,s mu* ( :at has be5 done 9 fi% culture is g5]ally kn[n to ^? :o h /udi$ & practis$ x1 t ! beg9n] c n[adays comm5ce f> ahead ( ! po9t :5ce ! fir/ fi% culturi/s />t$4 ,_m ( 8 difficulties h be5 ov]come = him already1 & ?\gh he w n1 ( c\rse1 meet ) ! success ( ! man ( exp]i5ce1 /ill he ought ) ! ex]cise ( an av]age am\nt ( intellig5ce to avoid su* failures z w\ld completely disgu/ him4 ,!re are _m pieces ( wat] conta9+ no?+ b co>se fi% :i* are v suitable = tr\t ( "s k9d4 ,ponds1 p>ticul>ly ^? :i* h a /ream runn+ ?r\gh !m1 w1 z a rule1 support a good head ( tr\t if prop]ly manag$4 ,aga9 a wat] :i* conta9s tr\t may become m or less deplet$1 & "h x is necess>y to supply ! defici5cy ( tr\t by "s means4 ,! easie/ way is1 ( c\rse1 to buy ye>l+ or two-ye>-old fi% f a piscicultural e/abli%m5t1 ( :i* !re are _m 9 ! k+dom1 b ,i "k t !re are _m fi%]m5 :o w\ld mu* pref] to re> _! own fi% f ! ova1 ?an to buy ready-made fi%4 ,any "o :o has ! "t & opportunity to re> 8 own fi% w be amply repaid by ! amusem5t & int]e/ ga9$1 & x %\ld be ! *eap] me?od ( /ock+ or re-/ock+ a wat]4 ,! same rem>ks apply to a c]ta9 ext5t to wat]s :i* w n support tr\t1 or :]e ! own] wants m co>se fi%4 ,! /ock ( co>se fi% may be improv$ by fi% culture j z mu* z a /ock ( tr\t4 ,9 8 fir/ ye> or two1 x is v possible t ! amateur w n save v mu* by be+ 8 own pisciculturi/4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he is c>eful1 & works ) intellig5ce1 x is q possible t he may succe$ bett] ?an he _h hop$ & re> a good head ( fi% at a less co/ ?an ! pur*ase ( ye>l+s4 ,9 any case he w h _h a great deal ( pleasure & ga9$ exp]i5ce z well z re>$ "s fi%4 ,9 ! pres5t little volume1 ,i propose to try & deal ) fi% culture 9 su* a way z to help ! amateur :o wi%es to re> fi% to /ock 8 own wat]4 ,mu* ( ! exi/+ lit]ature ( ! subject deals ) x on su* a l>ge scale t ! amateur is fright5$ to attempt :at is app>5tly s huge an und]tak+4 ,fi% culture may1 h[ev]1 be c>ri$ out on a small scale ) success1 & ?\gh consid]able att5tion is necess>y1 p>ticul>ly ) "y ,salmonid1 x is n a task :i* involves a v great proportion ( ! "t ( any "o und]tak+ x4 ,x is absolutely necess>y1 h[ev]1 t ! amateur fi% culturi/ %\ld live on ! spot1 or h "s "o :o is intellig5t & p]fectly tru/wor?y :o does4 ,9 e case 9 my exp]i5ce1 tru/+ ! c>e ( "y fi% to a keep] or s]vant has result$ 9 failure1 & 9 e failure ,i h se5 :]e ! fi% h n be5 tru/$ to ! c>e ( a s]vant1 ! cause has be5 v obvi\s1 & c\ld easily h be5 avoid$4 ,! re>+ ( tr\t is ! mo/ important bran* ( fi% culture to ! amateur1 & =tunately b slight modifications are necess>y 9 re>+ o!r fi%4 ,:at is good en\gh = tr\t is good en\gh = mo/ fi%1 !re=e ,i ?9k t ,i %all be "r 9 describ+ tr\t culture at consid]able l5g?1 & deal+ ) o!r fi% 9 a some:at summ>y mann]4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! managem5t1 etc41 ( o!r fi% ,i %all po9t out aft] describ+ h[ to re> tr\t4 ,to beg9 )1 ! amateur mu/ n suppose t because he puts fi% into a /ream or pond he w succe$ 9 /ock+ t wat] or increas+ ! head ( fi%4 ,!re are _m o!r ?+s to be consid]$4 ,! riv]1 /ream1 or pond mu/ be ( a suitable "* = ! fi%1 & !re mu/ be pl5ty ( food4 ,i am sure t x is mu* m important to consid] c>efully :e!r ! wat] is suitable1 & conta9s a prop] supply ( food1 ?an to consid] h[ ! fi% are to be obta9$1 = rec\rse may always be _h to a pr(essional fi% culturi/--fi% ( almo/ any k9d & any age c be b\ght ready made4 ,! po9t ,i w\ld impress ^u ! amateur m =cibly ?an any?+ else1 is t he %\ld be sure t !re is pl5ty = 8 fi% to eat 9 ! wat]1 be=e he ?9ks ( putt+ !m into x4 ,x is = ?is reason t ,i devote my next *apt] *iefly to ! /ock+ ( wat]s ) food & to ! improvem5t ( ! food supply 9 wat]s :]e "s food already exi/s4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,/ock+ ,,wat]s ,,) ,,food ,x may seem some:at sup]flu\s to say t fi% _c live 9 any wat] unless t wat] conta9s ! food supply necess>y = !m to ?rive ^u1 & yet ?is is ! po9t mo/ (t5 ov]look$ 9 /ock+ wat]s ) fi%4 ,small attempts at /ock+ ) creatures suitable = food1 p>ticul>ly aft] ! fi% h be5 already introduc$1 are n at all likely to succe$4 ,su* an important matt] :5 treat$ z a small aft]?\ght is almo/ sure to end 9 failure ( ! :ole bus9ess ( /ock+4 ,b a small am\nt ( ?\ght w conv9ce any "o t 9 ord] t !re may be a suffici5t am\nt ( animal life 9 a wat]1 !re mu/ be an adequate vegetable life1 = we$s are almo/ always necess>y to ! well-be+ ( ! creatures :i* s]ve z food = fi%es4 ,9 ! case ( a pond x is g5]ally fairly easy to introduce a good /ock ( suitable we$s4 ,! be/ me?od is to let ! pond d[n z l[ z possible1 & !n to plant "s we$s r\nd ! m>g92 ! wat] is !n all[$ to gradually fill up ! pond1 & z x rises we$s are plant$ r\nd ! ris+ m>g9 ( ! wat]4 ,9 ponds :i* _c be empti$ at all1 or n suffici5tly to c>ry out ?is plan1 we$s may be plant$ 9 an easy b n q s effectual a mann]4 ,!y may be plant$ 9 %all[ baskets conta9+ "s mud f ! bottom ( ! pond1 & !n l[]$ 9 suitable places f a boat1 or bundles ( ! we$ may be ti$ to /ones & dropp$ into ! wat] 9 a simil> mann]4 ,^! latt] me?ods are1 ( c\rse1 n s good z actually plant+ ! we$s r\nd ! advanc+ m>g9 ( ! wat]1 = success dep5ds to a c]ta9 ext5t ^u *ance4 ,"s ( ! we$s ?us plant$ are1 h[ev]1 sure to take root & gr[4 ,plants ( diff]5t k9ds1 ( c\rse1 are necess>y at diff]5t dep?s & on diff]5t k9ds ( bottoms1 & good k9ds are necess>y at ! m>g9 ( ! wat] z well4 ,i give a li/ ( "s suitable plants ( ea* k9d at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,simil> me?ods are us$ 9 plant+ we$s 9 riv]s & /reams to ^? us$ 9 ponds4 ,if ! we$s are plant$ 9 baskets1 ! baskets mu/1 ( c\rse1 be weight$ :5 put 9 a position :]e ! curr5t c act ^u !m4 ,besides vegetation 9 ! wat]1 vegetation on ! bank is ( consid]able importance4 ,i %all deal ) ?is at a lat] p]iod m fully1 z trees & bu%es1 besides h>b\r+ _m insects :i* s]ve z food = fi%1 h also consid]able importance 9 giv+ cov] to ! fi% & to ! fi%]man :o is pursu+ !m4 ,i ?9k t 9 ! case ( a b>e wat]1 a ye> at lea/ %\ld be devot$ to develop+ a good supply ( vegetation4 ,?is w g5]ally produce a consid]able am\nt ( animal life1 )\t any artificial help1 b judici\s help w be sure to accel]ate matt]s to a consid]able ext5t4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 advise ! amateur n to attempt to introduce a quantity ( creatures into 8 wat]1 until ! vegetable life !re9 is well e/abli%$4 ,= in/ance1 ?\gh fre%-wat] snails are desirable 9 e tr\t wat]1 if introduc$ 9 l>ge numb]s into a wat] 9 :i* ! vegetation is small & n well e/abli%$1 !y w eat d[n ! we$s too mu* & !n die (f f disease caus$ by want ( suffici5t n\ri%m5t4 ,hav+ e/abli%$ ! vegetable life well 9 a wat]1 & develop$ x to a consid]able ext5t1 ! amateur may beg9 to exam9e 8 wat]1 & f9d out h[ mu* animal life exi/s !re1 & to /ock ) creatures suitable = food1 accord+ to :at he f9ds 9 ! wat]4 ,fre%-wat] snails are always desirable4 ,9 /reams1 or 9 ponds ) /reams runn+ into !m1 ! fre%-wat] %rimps 7,gamm>us pulex7 %\ld always be tri$4 ,x does n d 9 "s wat]s1 b :]e x does ?rive x increases v rapidly1 & =ms ab\t ! be/ article ( food t c be giv5 to tr\t4 ,corix1 :i* ?rive 9 ponds & sluggi% wat]s1 %\ld always be introduc$4 ,!y increase rapidly1 & are tak5 by mo/ fi%1 p>ticul>ly by tr\t4 ,! amateur %\ld be c>eful :5 he introduces ^! creatures to make sure t he is putt+ 9 ! "r creature4 ,! wat]-boatman 7,nautonecta glauca7 is a memb] ( ! same family1 b is no use z food = ! fi%4 ,he swims on 8 back1 is long] & n>r[] ?an are ,corix1 :i* d n swim on _! backs1 are small]1 broad]1 & live mu* m "u wat] ?an ! wat]-boatman4 ,x is g5]ally advisable to avoid wat]-beetles1 z mo/ ( !m are m likely to d h>m ?an good1 su* a numb] ( our wat]-beetles be+ c>nivor\s4 ,!y w probably n h>m adult fi%1 b !y w de/roy ova & fry4 ,i h kn[n a ,dytiscus m>g9alis kill a tr\t ( ne>ly a qu>t] ( a p\nd 9 weight4 ,9 ord] to make sure ( n introduc+ c>nivor\s wat]-beetles into a wat]1 ,i ?9k x be/ z a rule n to introduce beetles at all4 ,corix are1 h[ev]1 s l beetles1 t _m p call !m beetles1 & !re=e ,i w give a few po9ts :i* w make !m easily di/+ui%able f ea* o!r4 ,9 beetles1 ! w+-cases 7elytra7 meet exactly 9 ! middle l9e1 9 ,corix & o!r wat]-bugs1 ! ant]ior w+s1 :i* resemble ! elytra ( beetles1 ov]lap1 :i* causes ! l9e on ! back to curve away to "o side at ! l[] end4 ,9 beetles ! w+s :i* lie "u ! w+-cases are fold$ up on !mselves1 & :5 spread out are mu* l>g] ?an ! w+-cases4 ,! w+s are transp>5t & v delicate4 ,9 ,corix ! po/]ior w+s1 :i* lie "u ! h>d & horny ant]ior w+s1 are a little %ort] ?an ! ant]ior w+s2 !y are n fold$ up on !mselves & are n s delicate & transp>5t z ! w+s ( ! beetle4 ,su* small creatures z ,daphnia pulex1 ,cyclops quadricornis & ,rotif]a %\ld be introduc$ into ponds4 ,snails 7,ga/]opoda7 may be r\ghly divid$ into ?ree classes1 accord+ to ! %ape ( _! %ells3 7#a7 ,flat-%ap$ coils 7type ,planorbis corneus72 7#b7 ,oblong-%ap$1 some:at l a trumpet 7type ,limna /agnalis72 & 7#c7 ,e>-%ap$ 7type ,limna auricul>ia74 ,limna auricul>ia is p>ticul>ly suitable = deep wat]s1 & ,l4 p]eg]1 ^: %ell is ( type #b1 is a mo/ valuable addition to ! food supply 9 any fi% pond4 ,x is "o ( ! commone/ ( our fre%-wat] snails4 ,mussels 7,con*if]a7 are ano!r valuable article ( food4 ,!re are a great _m diff]5t k9ds1 & ! l>g] ones %\ld1 z a rule1 be avoid$4 ,sphriid & ,pisidia are probably ! be/4 ,9 _m cases x is advisable to attempt ! introduction ( "s flies :i* are n pres5t4 ,!re are sev]al cases 9 :i* ! ,may-fly has be5 successfully introduc$1 & also ! ,grannom4 ,small ,ephem]id seem to me pref]able to any o!r flies4 ,) reg>d to suitable plants = comp>atively deep wat] 9 ponds or lakes1 lakewort & /onewort gr[ on ! bottom1 & d n1 z a rule1 atta9 any consid]able height4 ,:ite & yell[ wat]-lilies also gr[ 9 fairly deep wat]2 ! wat]-lobelia is also an excell5t plant = ponds4 ,9 /reams "s ( ! be/ plants are wat]-cr[foot1 wat]-/>wort1 & ! great wat] moss4 ,ana*>is %\ld n be introduc$ into any wat]1 ei!r pond or /ream1 unless x c be kept d[n easily4 ,x w o!rwise become an unmitigat$ nuisance4 ,m>g9al plants are a v important consid]ation1 & pl5ty ( !m %\ld be gr[n4 ,wat]-cel]y & wat]-cress are p]haps ! be/ food-produc+ m>g9al plants t c be gr[n4 ,bullru%es & brooklime are also good1 b ! bullru%es mu/ be plant$ judici\sly4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,suitable ,,fi% ,,& ,,suitable ,,wat]s ,hav+ /ock$ 8 wat] ) suitable vegetation & food1 ! next matt] :i* %\ld engage ! att5tion ( ! amateur1 is :at fi% he _h bett] introduce4 ,he %\ld1 :]e !re is a fair *ance ( success1 introduce a tr\t ( "s sort1 z !y give bett] sport ?an co>se fi%4 ,! introduction ( salmon into a riv] is n likely to be attempt$ by ! amateur1 b ! head ( salmon frequ5t+ a riv] is und\bt$ly affect$ 9 ! mo/ m>vell\s mann] by artificial means4 ,9 ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?is is p>ticul>ly rem>kable1 b ! op]ations are conduct$ on a gigantic scale4 ,9 ! case ( a /ream or riv] :]e br[n tr\t already exi/1 or h rec5tly exi/$1 9 fair numb]s1 re-/ock ) ^! fi%1 = !y c h>dly be bett]$ 9 our wat]s4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s sluggi% riv]s :]e br[n tr\t d n ?rive :5 !y are introduc$4 ,9 su* riv]s & 9 _m ponds 9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl& ,i believe t no bett] fi% exi/s ?an ! ra9b[ tr\t4 ,i say p>ticul>ly 9 ! s\?1 because ,i d n ?9k t ! ra9b[ tr\t w ev] really ?rive & bre$ 9 cold wat]s4 ,i h at o!r times giv5 num]\s examples :i* g to %[ t ! ra9b[ w only ?rive 9 w>m wat]s4#a ,i w !re=e only quote ! case ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,! ra9b[ tr\t 0 introduc$ into bo? isl&s1 b :ile x ?riv$ amaz+ly 9 ! w>m wat]s ( ! ,nor? ,isl&1 x has prov$ a comp>ative failure 9 ! cold wat]s ( ! ,s\? ,isl&4 #a ,! ,ra9b[ ,tr\t4 ,lawr5ce ,bull51 ,london4 ,:ile ! common or br[n tr\t 7,salmo f>io7 & ! ra9b[ tr\t 7,salmo irideus7 are1 9 my op9ion1 to be /rongly enc\rag$ 9 ! wat]s suitable to _! respective qualities1 ! ,am]ican brook tr\t 7,salvel9us font9alis7 does n seem to h met ) ! approval ( mo/ ( ! au?orities on pisciculture 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,my exp]i5ce ( ?is fi% is n suffici5t = my hold+ any v /rong views ) reg>d to its suitability to ,briti% wat]s4 ,9 "o case ,i "k t x 0 a great success = two seasons1 b ,i h n _h any opportunity ( foll[+ x up 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance4 ,9 ano!r case x 0 a decid$ failure4 ,i am sure t x %\ld n be introduc$ into /reams :]e br[n tr\t ?rive1 & ,i am d\btful ( its ev] succe$+ 9 wat]s :i* are suitable to ! ra9b[ tr\t4 ,( all ! tr\t1 ! ra9b[ is ! h>die/1 & ! "o ) :i* ! amateur pisciculturi/ is mo/ likely to be successful4 ,x is also ! fi% mo/ likely to supply a want felt by v _m fi%]m51 a good sport+ fi% 9 wat]s :]e ! common tr\t w n ?rive4 ,9 l>ge & deep ponds ) a good /ream1 or 9 lakes1 *> may be tri$ ) a prospect ( success4 ,!y require cold wat]s1 & ,i h nev] he>d ( _! be+ successfully introduc$ 9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl&4 ,!y are a m difficult fi% to re> ?an tr\t4 ,grayl+ h _m viol5t oppon5ts1 b ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t !y d b little if any h>m 9 a tr\t /ream1 & !y supply excell5t fi%+ dur+ "p ( ! close season = tr\t4 ,!y seem to ?rive be/ 9 *alk /reams1 b !re are no d\bt _m wat]s :i* w\ld c>ry a good head ( grayl+ :i* at pres5t conta9 only tr\t4 ,!y probably d mu* less h>m ?an mo/ ( ! co>se fi% con/antly f\nd 9 tr\t /reams4 ,! great crime attribut$ to !m is t !y eat ! spawn ( ! tr\t1 b ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! h>m !y d 9 ?is way is mu* ov] e/imat$4 ,!y spawn at a diff]5t "t & w\ld n be likely to frequ5t ! spawn+ places at ! same "t z ! tr\t4 ,i h no d\bt t an inf9itely great] proportion ( tr\t ova are eat5 by ! tr\t !mselves ?an by grayl+ 9 riv]s :i* conta9 bo? fi%4 ,*alk /reams & ^? riv]s ) gravelly bottoms & ) alt]nate %all[s & pools seem to be ! mo/ suit$ to ! grayl+4 ,among co>se fi% ! rudd is "o ( ! be/ f ! fly-fi%]'s po9t ( view4 ,x takes ! fly readily1 is v prolific & v easy to introduce4 ,x ?rives rem>kably well 9 ponds :i* conta9 a good supply ( food4 ,its fry s]ve z excell5t food = o!r fi%1 p>ticul>ly tr\t1 b ,i h kn[n cases :]e x increas$ rapidly 9 a pond at ! exp5se ( ! tr\t4 ,x c1 h[ev]1 be kept "u by judici\s nett+4 ,! dace is ano!r fi% :i* gives sport to ! fly-fi%]man4 ,x w n ?rive 9 ponds4 ,9 "s riv]s1 h[ev]1 :]e tr\t--br[n tr\t1 at any rate--w n ?rive1 ! dace does v well4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,sussex ,ouse ?is is mo/ rem>kable4 ,little m ?an t5 ye>s ago !re 7 no dace 9 t riv]1 n[ x sw>ms ) !m4 ,_! pres5ce is attribut$ to ! fact t "s dace1 br\ght !re z live-baits = pike1 escap$ de/ruction & e/abli%$ ! pres5t /ock4 ,sluggi% & muddy riv]s seem to produce ! be/ dace4 ,*ubb1 :i* also possess _m po9ts to recomm5d !m to ! fi%]man1 w also d well 9 su* riv]s4 ,to ^? :o enjoy bottom fi%+ & possess a pond1 ev5 a small "o1 ,i c recomm5d no fi% m highly ?an ! k+-c>p4 ,x is a mu* bold]-fe$+ & gam] fi% ?an ! common c>p1 & is j z easy to introduce4 ,:ile deal+ ) c>p ,i may m5tion t ! goldfi%1 :5 introduc$ into a suitable pond1 gr[s to a v l>ge size4 ,i h caught !m ov] a p\nd 9 weight4 ,! p]* is a v prolific fi%1 & w ?rive 9 ponds ) a v small /ream runn+ into !m1 & 9 sluggi% riv]s4 ,o!r co>se fi% are z a rule easy to introduce into a wat]4 ,?\gh p]* fry =m excell5t food = tr\t1 p]*1 & ( c\rse pike1 %\ld be kept out ( a tr\t wat]4 ,! suitability ( a wat] dep5ds to a great ext5t 7z to its capacity ( support+ a heal?y /ock ( fi%7 ^u its hav+ pl5ty ( suitable vegetation ^u ! banks4 ,!re=e if ! banks are b>e ( vegetation1 will[s & ald]s1 z be+ quick gr[+ & easily e/abli%$ trees1 %\ld be freely plant$ ^u ! banks4 ,?is =tunately is v easily done1 = will[ & ald] /icks cut & put into ! gr\nd 9 ! spr+ are pretty sure to d well4 ,x is ne$less to say t ! moi/] spots %\ld be *os5 = ! will[s1 ?\gh !y w d well 9 suitable soil 9 comp>atively dry places4 ,besides giv+ %ade & %elt] to ! fi%1 :i* is always an important consid]ation1 a consid]able quantity ( food is br$ ^u trees & %rubs at ! wat] side4 ,i h f\nd z _m z eighte5 cat]pill>s 9 ! /oma* ( a tr\t :i* ,i caught "u an ov]hang+ oak tree4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,tr\t4 ,,prelim9>y ,,h9ts ,,& ,,advice ,! amateur :o is beg9n+ tr\t culture _h bett] by all means buy ey$ ova f a fi% cultural e/abli%m5t4 ,!re are _m ( ^! 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 & n[adays ey$ ova are pack$ & s5t safely all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,! artificial spawn+ ( tr\t is n an und]tak+ 9 :i* ! beg9n] is likely to a*ieve great success1 & !re=e ,i %\ld advise him to avoid rely+ ^u x :5 he comm5ces 8 op]ations z a fi% culturi/4 ,collect+ ! ova ( wild tr\t is also an op]ation ( "s difficulty1 & lays ! beg9n] op5 to mu* m disappo9tm5t ?an if he deals ) ey$ ova pur*as$ f a reliable e/abli%m5t4 ,in/ead ( hav+ to wat* & c>e = ! ova ?r\gh a critical & dang]\s p]iod1 he receives !m %ortly be=e ! "y fi% hat* out1 :5 ! ova are n 9 ! mo/ delicate /age4 ,x is ( ! greate/ importance t ev]y?+ %\ld be ready = ! ova long be=e !y are expect$1 z hurry & new app>atus are likely to cause failure4 ,any concrete & v>ni%$ or enamell$ woodwork %\ld be expos$ to ! action ( a curr5t ( wat] = at lea/ five or six weeks be=e !y are br\ght into actual use4 ,! *oice ( a suitable spot 9 :i* to make 8 hat*]y is a s]i\s po9t = ! consid]ation ( ! amateur4 ,a spr+ is ! be/ wat] supply z a rule1 = ! wat] is usually ( a fairly ev5 temp]ature1 & does n require filt]+1 b wat] f a /ream :]e tr\t are kn[n to live is q safe4 ,a few ye>s ago x w\ld h be5 necess>y = any "o wi%+ to take up fi% culture1 to erect a build+ 9 :i* to place 8 hat*]y if he int5d$ to hat* any numb] ( eggs1 9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ fro/s4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ! ey$ ova ( ev5 ! br[n tr\t 7,salmo f>io7 c be obta9$ suffici5tly late to be safe aga9/ a fro/ sev]e en\gh to cause any damage1 & z ! ra9b[ tr\t 7,salmo irideus7 spawns 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 ! amateur is1 at ! "t he receives ! ey$ ova1 q safe f fro/4 ,! be/ me?od to pursue is to make long n>r[ ponds1 ) a curr5t runn+ ?r\gh !m1 & to hat* ! eggs out 9 trays & boxes susp5d$ 9 ^! ponds4 ,:5 ! "y fi% hat* out1 ! trays :i* conta9$ ! ova c be remov$1 & ! "y fi% kept 9 ! boxes4 ,lat] on ! "y fi% c be releas$ f ! boxes into ! ponds4 ,i %all subsequ5tly describe h[ ^! ponds1 trays1 & boxes %\ld be made4 ,! re>+ ponds %\ld be made1 if possible1 at a fall 9 ! level ( ! wat] supply1 s t !y may be easily empti$4 ,?is is an important po9t :i* is frequ5tly ov]look$ by amateurs4 ,!re %\ld be an outlet on a level ) ! bottom ( ! pond1 & if ! wat] escapes ?r\gh a pipe1 t pipe %\ld incl9e d[nw>ds4 ,?is1 9 a s]ies ( ponds1 ( c\rse necessitates ! ponds be+ at diff]5t levels1 b ! wat] is ?us "u mu* bett] control ?an if ! outlet is at a high] level1 & ! ponds are easily empti$4 ,ponds may1 h[ev]1 be work$ successfully ) ! outlet 9 mid-wat]1 or ev5 ne> ! surface1 ?\gh ?is does n ensure su* a c]ta9ty ( *ange ( wat] ?r\gh\t ! pond4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 always possible to obta9 su* a diff]5ce 9 level betwe5 ! supply & wa/e4 ,9 su* cases ! ponds %\ld be made %all[] ne> ! outlet4 ,a popul> idea seems to be t a gravel bottom is necess>y = ! well-be+ ( tr\t2 ?is is q a mi/ake4 ,p]sonally1 ,i believe t a good e>? bottom is be/ 9 a re>+ pond1 & ev5 9 a pond l9$ ) concrete ,i %\ld always put a lay] ( m\ld1 pref]ably turf m\ld1 at ! bottom4 ,) ! use ( ?is m\ld dur+ ! subsequ5t op]ations 9 re>+ tr\t ,i %all deal lat] on4 ,! size ( ! ponds1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( tr\t to be re>$4 ,x is bett] to h sev]al m$ium siz$ ponds ?an "o l>ge "o1 z !n accid5t or disease occurr+ 9 a pond w only affect a portion ( ! /ock ( fi%4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,armi/ead 9 ,an ,angl]'s ,p>adise1 & ,h[ to ,obta9 ,x1 says3 ,a pond sixty feet long1 f\r feet wide1 & ab\t ?ree feet deep1 w hold t5 or fifte5 ?\s& fry at fir/1 & give !m pl5ty ( room to gr[1 b by ! end ( ,july ! numb] %\ld be r$uc$ to five ?\s&1 :i* may be left till ,octob]1 :5 !y %\ld aga9 be ?9n$ out1 or1 bett] /ill1 put into l>g] pond4 ,i %\ld advise ! amateur :o is deal+ ) only a few ?\s& fi% to "w on a small] scale 9 ^! proportions1 & to make ^! *anges gradually1 & yet m gradually z ! season advances4 ,t is to say1 "w ) a ?ird ( ! numb] ( fry 9 ponds half ! size & move "s fi% sev]al times be=e ! end ( ,july4 ,z ,octob] approa*es1 make *anges ( small] numb]s ( fi% m frequ5tly4 ,late 9 ! autumn is1 9 my op9ion1 ! be/ "t to put ! "y fi% into ! wat] !y are to inhabit p]man5tly4 ,x mu/ be a mi/ake to re> !m artificially long] ?an is necess>y1 & by ! end ( ,novemb] !y %\ld be fairly capable ( look+ aft] !mselves4 ,tr\t1 :i* are artificially re>$ on *opp$ meat & o!r s(t foods1 suff] f a lack ( developm5t 9 ! /oma* walls1 & also1 probably1 9 ! re/ ( _! dige/ive app>atus4 ,! fir/ case ,i saw ( ! /oma* ( an artificially re>$ tr\t 0 a two-ye>-old tr\t1 ^u :i* ,dr4 ,c4 ,s4 ,patt]son p]=m$ an autopsy4 ,! /oma* walls 7 z ?9 z a %eet ( tissue pap]4 ,at ! "t ,i believ$1 &1 if ,i rememb] rightly1 he also ?\ght t ?is 0 due to atrophy1 b ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ?is idea 0 only p>tially correct4 ,! /oma* walls ( ! autumn ye>l+ tr\t1 :i* is artificially re>$ on s(t food1 d n %[ any m>k$ abnormality 9 ! way ( ?9ness2 b z ! tr\t's age increases1 s does ! ?ickness ( ! /oma* wall decrease 9 proportion to its size4 ,?is leads me to believe t ! developm5t ( ! /oma* wall1 at any rate1 & probably also ( ! gl&s secret+ ! ga/ric juice & ! dige/ive app>atus g5]ally1 gradually ceases :5 at ab\t ! age ( eight or n9e mon?s if ! tr\t is f$ ^u s(t food4 ,probably1 also1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( atrophy & dilatation ( ! /oma* wall is produc$4 ,if my obs]vations are correct1 s also is ! conclusion t a tr\t :i* _c dige/ h>d food1 ( :i* a great "p ( 8 natural food consi/s1 w n h a really fair *ance :5 turn$ out4 ,!re=e1 ,i say1 turn out y\r tr\t 9 ,novemb]1 unless y c fe$ !m on su* food z %rimps1 snails1 bivalves & ,corix2 & if y /ock ) ready made fi%1 /ock ) ye>l+s 9 ! late autumn4 ,! turn+ out ( 8 fi% 9 ,novemb] w also all[ ! amateur pl5ty ( "t to prep>e 8 ponds & app>atus = next ye>'s op]ations4 ,if ! ponds are made on a /ream1 probably ! v be/ place t c be *os5 is :]e !re is a fairly %>p b5d 9 ! /ream j bel[ a fall4 ,an artificial fall c (t5 be made :]e ! banks are high by damm+ up ! /ream sev]al feet4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 h[ev]1 to avoid any risk ( ! ponds be+ flood$4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,tr\t4 ,,re>+ ,,ponds1 ,,boxes1 ,,& ,,hat*+ ,,trays ,hav+ decid$ ^u a suitable spot1 ! amateur mu/ n[ proce$ to make 8 ponds4 ,:e!r he d]ive 8 wat] supply f a spr+ or f a /ream1 ! amateur _h bett] br+ x into 8 ponds ?r\gh a pipe4 ,a ?ree-in* pipe w be l>ge en\gh = a pond ?irty feet long1 ?ree feet wide1 & two feet deep at ! deepe/ "p4 ,x is a good ?+ = ! wat] to fall1 "s in*es at any rate1 ?r\gh ! air be=e x rea*es ! pond1 & 9 a s]ies ( ponds ) only "o supply1 ! wat] %\ld fl[ ?r\gh an op5 tr\gh ) /ones & o!r imp$im5ts 9 x1 betwe5 ! ponds4 ,! ponds may be l9$ entirely ) brickwork fac$ ) cem5t1 & 9 ?is case ! sides %\ld be made p]p5dicul>4 ,! cem5t %\ld1 h[ev]1 be expos$ freely to ! action ( ! runn+ wat] = a c\ple ( mon?s at lea/ be=e any ova or fry are introduc$4 ,ano!r plan1 & a simpl] & less exp5sive "o1 is to face only ! ends ( ! ponds ) brick & cem5t "w1 c>ry+ ! brickwork into ! e>? on ea* side1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,9 ?is case ! sides ( ! ponds %\ld be slightly slop$ z %[n 9 ,figs4 #b & #c4 ,x is advisable if possible to make ! outlet at ! level ( ! bottom ( ! pond1 if ! pond is l9$ ) cem5t1 b if ! pond is only cem5t$ at ! ends1 x is bett] to h "o 9 mid-wat] or ev5 ne> ! surface4 ,z ,i h said be=e h[ev]1 an outlet %\ld be made at ! level l[e/ "p ( ! bottom1 s z to facilitate ! empty+ ( ! pond4 ,! pond %\ld h[ev] be made %all[] at ! l[] end4 ,fig4 #b %[s a section ( ! upp] end1 & ,fig4 #c ( ! l[] end ( su* a pond4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,! op5 tr\gh betwe5 ponds 9 a s]ies %\ld be at lea/ ?ree y>ds 9 l5g?1 b x is bett] if n /raight4 ,/ones & gravel %\ld be put 9 ^! tr\ghs 9 ord] to make ! wat] z r\gh z possible1 & if "s fre%-wat] %rimps c be introduc$ s mu* ! bett]4 ,if ! wat] is tak5 f a /ream1 a leaf scre5 mu/ be plac$ at "s di/ance 9 front ( ! inlet4 ,?is may be made ( a hurdle fa/5$ to /rong /akes sunk into ! b$ ( ! /ream4 ,! op5+ ( ! inlet %\ld be at lea/ d\ble ! size ( ! sectional area ( ! pipe ?r\gh :i* ! wat] is c>ri$ to ! ponds1 & %\ld be "s di/ance1 a c\ple ( feet if possible1 bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,x is a good ?+ to put a wire cage ov] ! inlet1 & "u ?is a p]=at$ z9c scre5 is necess>y4 ,! inlet f ! /ream %\ld be s plac$ t x is easy to get at & clean4 ,! be/ =m ( cov]+ = ! inlet into ! pond ,i h se51 is a z9c cyl9d]1 ! base ( :i* fits ov] ! end ( ! inlet pipe4 ,! "p ( ?is cyl9d]1 :i* projects #ah in*es beyond ! pipe1 is p]=at$1 z is also ! flat end4 ,?is c easily be tak5 (f & clean$1 & breaks up ! wat]1 mak+ x fall into ! pond l a %[] ba?1 caus+ consid]able a]ation4 ,! inlet f ! /ream %\ld h a trap ) :i* ! wat] may be %ut (f1 z also %\ld ! outlet f ! pond4 ,:5 ! cyl9d] on ! inlet into ! pond is tak5 (f = a m9ute or s to be clean$ out1 bo? ^! traps mu/ be clos$4 ,?is less5s ! *ance ( any creatures likely to d h>m gett+ 9 dur+ ! clean+4 ,! p]=at$ z9c scre5 at ! inlet f ! /ream w probably /op any su* creatures1 b too great c>e _c be ex]cis$1 & x is always be/ to be on ! safe side4 ,movable cov]s ( nett+ ov] ! ponds are mo/ c]ta9ly advisable1 p>ticul>ly if ! re>+ ponds are 9 an unfrequ5t$ spot ne> a /ream4 ,on "o occasion ,i caught f\r k+fi%]s dur+ a p]iod ( ?ree weeks1 all ( :i* _h 9 "s way got "u "s h]r+ net1 :i* 0 pegg$ out c>efully ov] a re>+ pond conta9+ tr\t fry4 ,i nev] f\nd out h[ !y got 91 b once 9 !y 7 unable to escape4 ,ponds su* z ,i h describ$ are ( c\rse = ! fry :5 !y h rea*$ a c]ta9 size1 & h already begun to fe$ well4 ,o!r appliances are necess>y = hat*+ out ! ova & = ! "y fi% :5 fir/ hat*$4 ,a v good app>atus may be made f a *ampagne case4 ,?is %\ld h l>ge squ>e holes sawn ?r\gh ea* end1 leav+ en\gh wood to ensure /r5g? & solidity to ! box4 ,! box %\ld !n h two coats ( asphalt v>ni%1 & ! squ>e ap]tures cov]$ ) f9e p]=at$ z9c4 ,a /ill bett] box may be made at a small co/4 ,?is consi/s ( a box ) a wood5 bottom & p]=at$ z9c sides :i* are support$ by a /\t wood5 frame4 ,beyond ^! boxes all t are requir$ are "s p]=at$ z9c hat*+ trays4 ,^! %\ld be #a-a_/b in*es deep4 ,!y are v easily made1 & ! ova hat* out well 9 !m4 ,?\gh ova sometimes hat* out v successfully ev5 :5 pil$ up 9 two or ?ree lay]s1 x is saf] to h !m 9 a s+le lay]4 ,! trays %\ld be susp5d$ 9 ! boxes1 & ! boxes 9 ! ponds close to ! inlets1 s t a good curr5t ( wat] may fl[ ?r\gh !m4 ,! bottom ( ! boxes %\ld be cov]$ ) a ?ick lay] ( gravel1 b ! trays are to be us$ )\t gravel4 ,x is advisable to h z mu* grass z possible r\nd ! ponds1 & su* trees z will[s & ald]s %\ld also be plant$ r\nd !m4 ,will[s & ald] /icks plant$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ye> come into leaf 9 ! same spr+1 & af=d %ade to ! "y fi% 9 ! summ]4 ,"s suitable we$s %\ld also be gr[n 9 ! re>+ ponds4 ,wat]-cress1 wat]-cel]y1 wat]-lobelia1 />wort1 & wat]-milfoil1 are all good4 ,!y %\ld be arrang$1 h[ev]1 s z to prev5t z mu* z possible ! little fi% f9d+ hid+ places1 & x is = ?is reason also t ,i h recomm5d$ slightly slop+ banks :5 ! sides ( ! ponds are n made ( cem5t4 ,! we$s %\ld be plant$ "s "t be=e ! little fi% are turn$ out ( ! boxes4 ,f9ally1 ,i mu/ caution my read]s aga9 on "o or two po9ts be=e ,i leave ! subject ( ! hat*+ trays1 re>+ boxes1 & ponds4 ,enamel1 v>ni%1 or *>r all woodwork ?or\ghly1 leav+ no speck ( wood b>e & no crack op54 ,let ! wat] run ?r\gh & ov] all y\r ponds & app>atus = z long z possible be=e y beg9 op]ations4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,tr\t4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,ova ,,& ,,alev9s ,ev]y?+ %\ld n[ be ready = ! reception ( ! ova4 ,! re>+ boxes are re/+ ^u /ones plac$ at ! bottom ( ! ponds1 ) ! edges "s six in*es above ! level ( ! wat]1 & moor$ to ! sides to prev5t _! be+ mov$ by ! curr5t4 ,! hat*+ trays are susp5d$ 9 ! re>+ boxes1 or plac$ ^u movable re/s 9 ! boxes1 ) _! edges j above ! level ( ! wat]4 ,notice is usually s5t a day or two be=e ! ova are despat*$ f fi% cultural e/abli%m5ts1 s ! amateur has no excuse = n be+ absolutely ready = _! reception4 ,!y are pack$ 9 v>i\s ways1 & n[adays suff] b little 9 ! transit4 ,! ova %\ld always be c>efully wa%$ be=e !y are plac$ 9 ! hat*+ trays4 ,mr4 ,armi/ead1 9 ,a ,h&y ,guide to ,fi% ,culture1 says3--,if j turn$ out ( a pack+ case !re may be small pieces ( moss or o!r mat]ial among/ !m4 ,9 any case a wa% w d !m no h>m1 & ! process is a v simple "o4 ,take a pail1 half-fill$ ) ova1 & !n fill up ) wat]1 & ) a small lad+-c lift "s ( ! wat] out1 & p\r x back aga91 s z to cause a d[nw>d curr5t1 :i* w agitate ! ova4 ,_! specific gravity be+ great] ?an t ( wat]1 !y imm$iately retire aga9 to ! bottom ( ! pail1 & by at once p\r+ (f z mu* wat] z is practicable1 any float+ p>ticles ( moss1 etc41 may be c>ri$ (f4 ,%\ld any be left1 ! process %\ld be repeat$1 & x may ev5 be necess>y to repeat x sev]al times4 ,:5 all is "r take a ladle1 or small vessel ( "s k9d1 say a good-siz$ tea-cup1 & g5tly ladle out ! eggs1 & place !m r\ghly on ! grills1 :]e !y may be r\ghly spread by means ( a fea!r4 ,to ^! in/ructions ,i w\ld add "s = ! amateur1 :o w probably deal ) a comp>atively small numb] ( ova4 ,! ova %\ld be wa%$ 9 "s l>ge vessel full ( wat] 9 ! mann] above describ$4 ,:5 ! wat] is q cle>1 & ! ova clean1 !y may be caught 9 mid-wat] z !y are s9k+ ei!r 9 ! hat*+ trays or 9 a cup4 ,if caught 9 a cup !y %\ld be transf]r$ ) great c>e to ! hat*+ trays1 & spread out 9 a s+le & some:at sp>e lay]4 ,!y mu/ on no acc\nt be p\r$ into ! trays f a height4 ,:ile "u wat] well-ey$ ova w /& a good deal ( g5tle tumbl+ ab\t1 b if dropp$ into ! wat] f ev5 a little height ! concussion is likely to kill !m4 ,mr4 ,armi/ead recomm5ds glass grills r ?an trays su* z ,i h describ$1 b ,i h f\nd ! trays "w v well1 & !y are v simple & clean4 ,glass grills are1 h[ev]1 v excell5t1 ?\gh !y necessitate a some:at great] initial outlay ?an d ! p]=at$ z9c trays4 ,a ,g]man fi% culturi/ has rec5tly recomm5d$ keep+ a /ock ( fre%-wat] %rimps 7,gamm>us pulex7 9 ! hat*+ trays & re>+ boxes4 ,he says t ! %rimps eat only ! dead ova1 & nev] t\* ! liv+ ones4 ,!y also eat any vegetable or animal dbris4 ,i h nev] tri$ ! exp]im5t myself1 & s _c speak f exp]i5ce4 ,dead ova %\ld be always remov$ at once1 & ! hat*+ trays %\ld be gone ov] c>efully once or twice a day to see if any are pres5t 9 !m4 ,dead ova are easily recogniz$ f ! fact t !y become opaque & :ite4 ,!y are be/ remov$ ) a glass tube4 ,! ?umb is plac$ ov] "o end ( ! tube1 & ! o!r end br\ght directly ov] ! dead ovum4 ,:5 ! ?umb is remov$ f ! end ( ! tube held 9 ! h& ! wat] w ru% up into ! tube1 c>ry+ ) x ! dead ovum4 ,! ?umb is !n replac$ ov] ! end ( ! tube1 :i* is lift$ f ! wat] ) ! ovum reta9$ 9 x4 ,?is tube may also be us$ = remov+ any extrane\s bodies :i* may get into ! trays or boxes4 ,a =m ( fungus kn[n z ,byssus gr[s ^u dead ova1 & x is pr9cipally = ?is reason t !y mu/ be remov$4 ,liv+/one ,/one says ( ,byssus3--,) tr\t eggs 9 wat] at #dj or #ej ,fahr5heit1 x g5]ally appe>s )9 =ty-eight h\rs aft] ! egg turns :ite1 & (t5 soon]1 & ! w>m] ! wat] ! quick] x comes4 ,x is nev] q safe to leave ! dead eggs ov] tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 ! hat*+ boxes4 ,! peculi>ity ( ,byssus is t x /ret*es out its long1 sl5d] arms1 :i* gr[ rapidly ov] ev]y?+ )9 its rea*4 ,?is makes x peculi>ly mis*iev\s1 = x w sometimes clasp a doz5 or ev5 tw5ty eggs 9 its ,bri>ean grasp be=e x is discov]$1 & any egg t x has seiz$ has receiv$ its dea? w>rant4 ,mr4 ,armi/ead has kn[n x appe> )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,byssus develops only on dead ova4 ,saprolegnia1 kn[n to fi% culturi/s z fungus1 attacks bo? liv+ or dead ova4 ,if ! woodwork is prop]ly v>ni%$ or *>r$1 & ! ova manag$ ?or\ghly1 !re %\ld1 h[ev]1 be b little risk ( fungus4 ,light is fav\rable to ! gr[? ( fungus1 &1 !re=e1 wood5 lids %\ld be plac$ ov] ! re>+ boxes4 ,^! %\ld be kept p>tially on aft] ! "y fi% h hat*$ out1 & be replac$ by cov]s ( f9e wire nett+ spread on closely-fitt+ frames1 :5 ! fry h begun to fe$4 ,^! obviate ! necessity ( cov]+ up ! ponds dur+ ! fir/ /ages4 ,_m small creatures su* z caddis-worms w eat ! ova1 & !re=e a c>eful wat* %\ld be kept ^u ! hat*+ trays z x is m>vell\s h[ su* creatures f9d _! way 91 9 spite ( all precautions4 ,birds ( sev]al k9ds are also likely to cause great damage unless ! ova & "y fi% are c>efully gu>d$ f _! depr$ations4 ,9 a %ort "t1 probably )9 a few days ( receiv+ ! ova1 ! amateur w f9d t ! "y fi% are beg9n+ to hat* out4 ,!y g5]ally come out tail fir/1 & 9 wriggl+ ?is ab\t 9 _! attempts to get fur!r out1 !y propel ! ovum ab\t ! bottom ( ! tray4 ,:5 ! little fi% attempts to come out head fir/1 he sometimes gets into difficulties & if ?is is obs]v$1 he may be help$ by a g5tle t\* ) a fea!r or a camel's hair bru%4 ,:5 fir/ hat*$ out ! "y fi% h a l>ge transluc5t protub]ance on ! "u-surface4 ,?is is ! umbilical or yolk-sac1 & conta9s ! n\ri%m5t ^u :i* ! little fi% lives dur+ ! fir/ /age ( its life aft] x is hat*$4 ,?is sac is gradually absorb$ b until x is absorb$ ! "y fi% are call$ alev9s4 ,at fir/ ! little fi% d n require any food1 b !y g5]ally beg9 to fe$ 9 ab\t six weeks1 & be=e ! yolk-sac is completely absorb$4 ,! re>+ boxes %\ld be kept p>tly cov]$1 & ! alev9s w cr[d into a pack 9 ! d>k] p>ts at ! bottom ( ! hat*+ tray4 ,! %ells ( ! ova mu/ be remov$ f ! hat*+ trays4 ,z !y are light] ?an ! alev9s1 ! curr5t w g5]ally c>ry !m to ! l[] end ( ! tray1 :5ce !y may be remov$ ) a piece ( gauze spread on a wire r+1 or by rais+ & l[]+ ! tray g5tly 9 ! wat] 9 alt]nately slant+ directions4 ,! alev9 /age is ! /age 9 :i* ! lea/ mortality %\ld be expect$1 & ! little fi% give b little tr\ble4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sev]al diseases besides fungus 7( :i* ,i h spok5 already :5 deal+ ) ! ova7 f :i* ! alev9s may suff]4 ,i 01 ,i believe1 ! fir/ to describe 79 ! ,ra9b[ ,tr\t7 a peculi> disease f :i* alev9s suff]$4 ,:5 hat*$ out & kept 9 wat] conta9+ a v l>ge quantity ( air 9 solution1 ,i f\nd t sometimes alev9s develop$ an air bubble 9 ! yolk-sac4 ,on develop+ ?is bubble !y are unable to /ay at ! bottom z !y usually d1 b swim ab\t on _! backs at ! surface1 ) "p ( ! yolk-sac out ( ! wat]4 ,an effectual cure = ?is is to put ! affect$ alev9s into /ill wat] = ab\t ?irty-six h\rs4 ,i h obs]v$ ?is affection 9 ! alev9s ( ! ra9b[ tr\t 7,salmo irideus71 ! common tr\t 7,s4 f>io7 & ! ,qu9nat or ,cali=nian ,salmon 7,on*oryn*us coni*a74 ,blue ,swell+ ( ! yolk-sac is ano!r disease f :i* alev9s sometimes suff]1 b ,i h nev] he>d ( any cure = ?is4 ,ano!r1 p>alysis1 may be caus$ by lack ( suffici5t curr5t & by insuffici5t a]ation ( ! wat]4 ,sickly alev9s w1 z a rule1 drop out ( ! pack1 & lie on ! bottom or aga9/ ! end ( ! hat*+ tray1 :]e !y are c>ri$ by ! curr5t4 ,dead alev9s %\ld be remov$ at once1 & = ?is reason x is necess>y t ! hat*+ trays %\ld be exam9$ at lea/ once a day4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,tr\t4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,fry ,a greatly v>y+ p]iod ( "t hav+ elaps$ & ! yolk-sacs ( ! alev9s be+ ne>ly absorb$1 ! fi% culturi/ w see t "s ( ! little fi% beg9 to leave ! pack at ! bottom ( ! tray1 & to swim up aga9/ ! curr5t4 ,:5 ?is is obs]v$ "s v f9ely divid$ food %\ld be (f]$ to ^! alev9s4 ,!y w probably d>t at ! m9ute pieces ( food float+ pa/ & a little m may !n be giv5 to !m4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y d n take any notice ( little pieces ( food or any o!r matt] :i* floats pa/ !m1 !y %\ld n be tri$ aga9 till ! next day4 ,9 a few days f ! fir/ ( ! alev9s beg9n+ to fe$1 all ( !m w be work+ up ) _! heads to ! curr5t1 d>t+ at any p>ticles float+ 9 ! wat]4 ,! tray %\ld n[ be l[]$ s t its edge is "s ?ree or f\r in*es bel[ ! surface & ! little fi% all[$ to swim out into ! box4 ,z soon z ! yolk-sacs ( ! alev9s are absorb$ ! little fi% cease to be alev9s1 & are call$ fry4 ,! alev9 /age 0 t 9 :i* ! fi% give lea/ tr\ble1 ! /age ,i am n[ describ+ is t 9 :i* !y give mo/4 ,!y mu/ be f$ frequ5tly--at lea/ f\r times a day4 ,little & (t5 is ! maxim :i* %\ld rule ! actions ( ! fi% culturi/ ) reg>d to fe$+ ! fry4 ,if he c only fe$ 8 fi% f\r times a day1 he mu/ sp5d "s "t on ea* ( ^! f\r occasions4 ,! food mu/ n be ?r[n 9 all at once4 ,if ?is be done ! little fi% w n get half ( x2 ! o!r half w s9k to ! bottom4 ,! food %\ld be introduc$ 9 small quantities at a "t1 & if ! amateur has sev]al boxes he %\ld put a little food into ea* 9 succession1 com+ back to ! fir/ :5 he has put "s into ! la/1 repeat+ ?is op]ation at lea/ half a doz5 times4 ,! less he puts 9 at ea* "t1 & ! (t5] he does x1 ! bett]4 ,! ideal plan w\ld be to put a v small quantity ( food 9 ea* "t1 & to g on do+ ?is at int]vals ( f five to t5 m9utes all day4 ,liv+/one ,/one says1 ,y ne$ n be afraid ( ! "y fry's eat+ too mu*4 ,& aga91 ,i nev] knew any heal?y "y fry ( m9e decl9e eat+ b once1 & !n ,i _h f$ !m incessantly = two h\rs1 at ! end ( :i* "t !y gave up1 beat54 ,p]sonally1 ,i h f\nd no limit to ! "t t ! fry w cont9ue fe$+4 ,i h kept on putt+ small quantities ( food into a re>+ box = a :ole aft]noon1 & ,i 0 tir$ ( fe$+ be=e ! fry 7 tir$ ( eat+4 ,my read] w inf] f ?is t ,i believe t ! fry _c be ov]-f$1 & ?is is to a c]ta9 ext5t true4 ,if f9ely divid$ food is giv5 9 su* small quantities t practically none ( x s9ks to ! bottom )\t _! hav+ a fair *ance at x1 ,i believe t 9 a box conta9+ only a c\ple ( ?\s& fry1 x w\ld be f\nd t !y nev] /opp$ fe$+ dur+ ! :ole day4 ,if1 h[ev]1 too l>ge pieces ( food are (f]$ to ! little fi%1 _m ( !m are likely to be *ok$ & to die1 f try+ to swall[ a piece a little too big = !m4 ,! amateur w obs]ve t %ortly aft] ! fry h be5 let out into ! box & are fe$+ freely1 !y w sep>ate into two m or less di/9ct gr\ps4 ,"o at ! upp] end :]e ! curr5t comes 9 & is /ronge/1 & "o at ! l[] end4 ,! fi% at ! upp] end are ! /ronge/ & l>ge/4 ,?is diff]5ce becomes m m>k$ z "t goes on1 & 9 six or eight weeks aft] !y h begun to fe$ ! l>g] fi% w be almo/ d\ble ! size ( ! small]4 ,9 ! middle ( ,april1 if _m fry are 9 ea* box1 !y %\ld be ?9n$ out1 & o!r boxes br\ght into use4 ,! small] fi% may !n be tak5 f "o or two boxes & put into ano!r by !mselves4 ,9 fe$+ c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! small & weakly fi% get a fair %>e ( ! food4 ,no matt] h[ c>efully ! fe$+ is manag$1 "s ( ! food is sure to escape ! "y fi% & s9k to ! bottom4 ,?is1 if left z x is1 w decay & cause great mis*ief4 ,a v simple & easily appli$ rem$y = ?is evil exi/s 9 ! use ( m\ld dissolv$ 9 ! wat]4 ,liv+/one ,/one recomm5ds ! m\ld "u a sod1 & ,i h always us$ ?is ) ! mo/ b5eficial effect4 ,e>?1 besides cov]+ up & deodoriz+ ! decompos+ food at ! bottom1 also conta9s "s mat]ials :i* are app>5tly necess>y to ! well-be+ ( tr\t4 ,to quote aga9 f ,liv+/one ,/one1 :o 0 ! discov]] ( ?is use ( m\ld3 ,e>? or mud is ! la/ ?+ "o w\ld suppose suitable = a fi% s associat$ 9 our m9ds ) pure1 clean wat]2 yet x is an indisp5sable con/itu5t 9 ! diet ( "y tr\t1 & unless !y get x1 ei!r naturally or artificially1 !y w n ?rive4 ,! effect ( e>? giv5 9 ?is way ^u ! "y fi% is simply m>vell\s4 ,!y become m lively & fe$ m freely4 ,?is is ! effect ( a spate--:i* is1 aft] all1 only a dose ( e>?--^u wild tr\t4 ,! m\ld %\ld be mix$ ) wat] 9 a bucket1 &1 :5 ! wat] is v ?ick & muddy1 p\r$ into ! re>+ boxes4 ,! wat] 9 ! re>+ boxes %\ld be s ?ick t nei!r ! bottom nor ! "y fi%1 except :5 !y come to ! surface to take "s pass+ p>ticle ( food1 c be se54 ,! amateur %\ld n wait till some?+ goes wrong be=e giv+ ?is dose ( e>?2 x is advisable to give x once a week at any rate1 & (t5] if ! fi% seem to be ail+ 9 any way4 ,9 deal+ ) ! subject ( food = ! "y fi%1 ,i w\ld beg9 by impress+ ^u my read] t ! great] v>iety ( food he c give ! bett] x w be = ! fi%4 ,he %\ld also give !m1 at any rate aft] !y h be5 fe$+ "s weeks1 a c]ta9 proportion ( natural food4 ,probably ! be/ ( all food = ! fry is p\nd$ %rimps or o!r cru/aceans4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 difficult 9 ! v e>ly /ages ( ! tr\t's life to p\nd %rimps up small en\gh1 & ! little fi% are mu* giv5 to try+ to swall[ pieces ( food :i* are too l>ge = !m to manage4 ,?is evil proclivity (t5 causes ! dea? ( ! fry1 & !re=e great c>e mu/ be tak5 t no pieces ( food :i* are too l>ge1 get into ! re>+ box4 ,p\nd$ liv] %ak5 up 9 a bottle ) wat]1 & aft] ! l>g] p>ticles h be5 all[$ to settle at ! bottom1 p\r$ into ! re>+ box 9 small quantities1 is a good =m ( food = ! alev9s :5 !y fir/ beg9 to fe$4 ,! yolks ( eggs boil$ = ab\t half an h\r & p\nd$ up1 dog biscuit v f9ely p\nd$1 or ! f9e food suppli$ by sev]al ( ! fi% cultural e/abli%m5ts are also excell5t4 ,9 giv+ moi/ food su* z p\nd$ %rimps1 liv]1 meat1 or ! yolks ( eggs1 a good plan :ile ! fry are v small is to put ! food 9 a small net made ( f9e musl9 m\nt$ on a wire r+1 & dipp+ ! end ( ?is net into ! wat]1 all[ small p>ticles to escape ?r\gh ! musl94 ,?is ensures no l>ge pieces gett+ into ! re>+ boxes4 ,z ! fry gr[ l>g]1 ^! precautions are ( c\rse modifi$1 z ! little fi% are capable ( swall[+ l>g] pieces ( food4 ,) reg>d to natural food1 ! amateur %\ld take c>e to ensure a good /ock = ! "y fi%4 ,_m ( ! creatures suitable = food may be cultivat$ 9 sep>ate ponds at ! same "t z ! fi%1 if a natural supply is n at h&4 ,! ,daphnia pulex 7wat] flea7 & ! ,cyclops quadricornis may be introduc$ into ! boxes v soon aft] ! fi% h began to fe$4 ,daphnia bre$s at ! rate :i* is almo/ inconceivable4 ,! female produces h] fir/ brood ( "y :5 %e is t5 days old1 & goes on bre$+ at an av]age ( ?ree or f\r times a mon?4 ,! female & h] prog5y are r5d]$ f]tile by "o act ( coition1 probably = fifte5 g5]ations at lea/1 )\t any fur!r int]v5tion ( ! male4 ,bo? ,daphnia & ,cyclops are br$ 9 /agnant wat] 9 :i* !re %\ld be a good /ock ( we$s4 ,! fre% wat] %rimp 7,gamm>us pulex7 is an excell5t =m ( food = "y & old tr\t1 & %\ld be giv5 to ! fry z soon z !y are old en\gh to manage !m4 ,corix & o!r small insects %\ld also be giv5 z (t5 z possible4 ,! fre%-wat] %rimp is br$ 9 runn+ wat]1 ,corix 9 /ill or sl[ runn+ wat]4 ,we$s are necess>y to ! well-be+ ( bo?4 ,! boxes mu/ be kept c>efully cov]$1 z ,i h already po9t$ out4 ,a k+fi%] w\ld make %ort "w ( a box ( fry1 & o!r birds & bea/s ( v>i\s k9ds are p>tial to !m4 ,!re are only two c\rses op5 to ! fi% culturi/ 9 deal+ ) ^! enemies--to protect 8 fi% or kill ! enemies4 ,i pref] to protect ! fi% fir/ & kill ! enemies aft]w>ds4 ,! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5 n to introduce1 or all[ to intrude1 any wat] beetles or ! l>g] c>nivor\s aquatic l>v ( insects1 into ! re>+ boxes4 ,i h kn[n cases :]e ! l>v ( ! ,dytiscus m>g9alis1 ! l>ge/ ( our c>nivor\s wat] beetles1 h de/roy$ almo/ all ! fry 9 a re>+ pond4 ,! adult ,d4 m>g9alis itself is n a :it less voraci\s1 & mu* /rong] ?an its l>va4 ,if ! wood5 p>ts ( ! app>atus h be5 prop]ly prep>$1 accord+ to my previ\s in/ructions1 !re %\ld be no risk ( ! fry develop+ fungus4 ,q a small spot ( woodwork1 h[ev]1 left uncov]$ by asphalt-v>ni%1 or enamel1 or un*>r$1 w r5d] ! *ance ( ! developm5t ( ?is disease probable4 ,%\ld by any mis=tune fungus get into ! re>+ boxes1 a dose ( salt may v likely cure x4 ,sea wat] is ! be/1 b if ?is is n obta9able1 a solution ( salt & wat] run ?r\gh ! boxes w probably cure ! disease4 ,consid]able good may also be done to ! "y fi% by occasionally putt+ a lump ( rock salt 9 at ! inlet1 & ! wat] all[$ to run ov] & dissolve x4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,tr\t4 ,,! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,fry 7,cont9u$7 ,9 ! la/ *apt] ,i br\ght my read] up to ! po9t :]e ! fry1 :i* _h be5 fe$+ = "s "t 9 ! re>+ boxes1 _h be5 judici\sly sep>at$1 ! weak] & small] fi% :i* took up _! positions at ! l[] ends ( ! boxes hav+ be5 put into sep>ate boxes & induc$ z mu* z possible to keep at ! head ne> to :]e ! curr5t ent]s4 ,x is difficult to lay d[n any c]ta9 rule z to :at is ! be/ "t at :i* to take ! next /ep--t ( turn+ ! fry out into ! re>+ ponds4 ,:5 ! fry h got into m or less regul> habits1 & %[+ no fe> ( :oev] x is :o fe$s !m1 come up readily & seize ! food boldly1 is probably ! be/ "t to let !m out into ! l>g] space ( ! pond4 ,i d n mean to say t :5 a c]ta9 proportion ( ! fi% h got ov] _! natural %yness1 & fe$ boldly & )\t hesitation1 ! :ole ( !m %\ld be set free4 ,:at ,i mean is1 t :5 ! habit ( associat+ ! appe>ance ( a c]ta9 individual ) a meal has be5 well e/abli%$ among !m = a week or s1 !y %\ld be all[$ to escape f ! box into ! pond4 ,?is is be/ done 9 ! same way t ! alev9s 7 all[$ to escape f ! hat*+ tray into ! box--by l[]+ ! level ( ! box s t its upp] edges are "s two or ?ree in*es bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,! food %\ld n[ be ?r[n into ! pond high] up1 s t ! little fi% may be induc$ to swim up & /ation !mselves z ne> ! inlet z possible4 ,probably "s ( ! little fi% w n leave ! box at all ( _! own free w4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 w h to be turn$ out4 ,! box %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be lift$ out ( ! wat] & ! fi% & wat] toge!r be p\r$ out1 z ?is is v likely to cause !m sev]e injury4 ,! box %\ld be gradually tilt$ ov] & lift$ out ( ! wat] bottom fir/1 s t ! fi% are h>dly di/urb$ at all & c]ta9ly n injur$ 9 any way4 ,an important matt] to consid] be=e turn+ ! little fi% out into ! pond is1 h[ ! ponds are to be protect$ s t _! _m enemies may be kept away f ! fry4 ,k+fi%]s1 h]ons1 & o!r creatures are v p>tial to "y tr\t & w cause enorm\s de/ruction if n prev5t$4 ,k+fi%]s h1 9 my exp]i5ce1 be5 ! wor/ (f5d]s4 ,"s ye>s ago ,i 0 re>+ "s tr\t 9 a "p ( ! c\ntry :]e _m ( ! inhabitants bewail$ ! ext]m9ation ( ! k+fi%]4 ,be=e ,i began re>+ tr\t ,i agre$ ) ^! p1 = a k+fi%] flitt+ along a /ream look+ l a little mass ( jewels is a pleas+ sight1 & "o :i* ,i _h nev] enjoy$ 9 t p>ticul> "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,:5 ! "t came to set my little fi% free 9 ! re>+ ponds1 z a matt] ( pr9ciple ,i cov]$ ! ponds ) h]r+-net1 closely pegg$ d[n on ! banks s t ,i c\ld n ev5 get my h& "u ! edge4 ,i did n ?9k t !re 7 any k+fi%]s or h]ons ab\t1 & s 0 v surpris$ :5 "o morn+1 on go+ d[n to fe$ ! fi%1 ,i f\nd a k+fi%] "u ! net1 fly+ up & d[n ! pond try+ to get out4 ,by c>efully introduc+ a l&+-net "u ! nett+ ov] ! pond1 ,i 0 able to cat* ! intrud]1 & caught f\r m 9 ! same way 9 ab\t ?ree weeks4 ,s9ce t "t ,i h n agre$ ) ! p :o h /at$ t ! k+fi%] is almo/ ext9ct1 at lea/ 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,i may say t !re are b few /reams !re1 & t x is n at all an app>5tly likely place = k+fi%]s4 ,i am q sure t :]ev] any "o beg9s to re> fi% !re he w f9d t k+fi%]s are fairly common4 ,! amateur w probably be also surpris$ at ! way h]ons appe>1 if he conducts 8 fi%-re>+ op]ations1 z he %\ld d1 9 a seclud$ spot4 ,_m ( ! directions ,i gave z to ! managem5t ( ! fry & ! re>+ boxes1 apply also to ! fry aft] !y h be5 turn$ out into ! ponds4 ,! doses ( e>? %\ld /ill be giv5 regul>ly1 & salt may be appli$ also 9 ! way ,i h already describ$4 ,! little fi% w be f\nd to scatt] ov] ! pond or to divide aga9 into two bodies1 "o at ! upp] & "o at ! l[] end ( ! pond1 z !y did 9 ! boxes4 ,! fi% culturi/ %\ld try to induce ^! fi% to come to ! head ( ! pond z mu* z possible4 ,x is a good ?+ to place "s bo>ds across ! head ( ! pond to give %ade & %elt] to ! fry4 ,x w probably be f\nd t if mu* artificial food is giv5 to ! little fi%1 a scum w be =m$ on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,?is scum is compos$ ( grease1 & %\ld be remov$1 z soon z x is obs]v$1 ) a gauze net4 ,all ! "t t ^! op]ations h be5 go+ on ) reg>d to ! little fi% !mselves1 due att5tion %\ld h be5 giv5 to ! vegetation r\nd ! ponds4 ,! ald]s & will[s :i* ,i be=e recomm5d$ to be plant$ r\nd ! ponds %\ld be induc$ z mu* z possible to ov]hang ! wat]4 ,grass & o!r vegetation %\ld be all[$ to gr[ freely r\nd ! m>g9s1 z _m insects are !n likely to fall into ! wat]4 ,?is vegetation w supply ! little fi% ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( natural float+ food1 )\t any int]f]5ce on ! "p ( ! fi% culturi/2 b he %\ld1 h[ev]1 give !m o!r float+ food1 bo? natural & artificial1 z mu* z possible1 = ?is w get !m 9 _! y\? to adopt ! habit ( fe$+ freely at ! surface4 ,:5 ! ald]s & will[s h gr[n suffici5tly & are well cov]$ ) leaves1 !y w probably give en\gh %elt] to ! fi% to make ! bo>ds at ! upp] end ( ! pond unnecess>y4 ,z "t goes on1 & ! little fi% gr[1 !y %\ld be ?9n$ out1 ! small] & weak] be+ remov$ into ano!r pond4 ,despite ! be/ endeav\rs ( ! fi% culturi/1 a c]ta9 numb] ( ^! small fi% are sure to keep to ! l[] end ( ! pond1 & x is ^! :i* %\ld be remov$ fir/4 ,if !y are left1 ! diff]5ce 9 size betwe5 ! small] & ! l>g] w soon become s great t ! l>ge fi% w v likely be tempt$ to eat ! small ones1 ?us develop+ a cannibali/ic habit :i* !y w keep always4 ,at ! end ( ,augu/ or ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb] ! little fi% w h got ov] ! mo/ dang]\s "p ( _! lives4 ,aft] ?is "t !y are call$ ye>l+s1 are mu* m h>dy & n subject to ne>ly z _m risks z up to t "t4 ,! great po9ts to rememb] are3--,t ! food %\ld be v>i$ z mu* z possible2 & z mu* natural food1 ( a h>d description su* z %rimps1 corix1 snails1 bivalves1 etc41 be giv54 ,t ! little fi% %\ld be well protect$ f enemies4 ,t !y %\ld n be ov]-cr[d$1 b ! weakly & small fi% be sep>at$ f ! l>g] fi%4 ,t frequ5t doses ( e>? %\ld be giv5 to keep ! bottom sweet & clean4#b ,t ! inlets & outlets %\ld be frequ5tly clean$ & kept cle>1 to ensure a good fl[ ( wat] ?r\gh ! ponds1 & t a c>eful wat* %\ld be kept = su* mis=tunes z fungus & dead fi%1 9 ord] t !y may be dealt ) at once4 #b ,see two lett]s 9 ,app5dix4--,page #ic ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,tr\t4 ,,! ,,fri5ds ,,& ,,enemies ,,( ,,! ,,fi% ,,culturi/ ,! creatures :i* are sometimes f\nd 9 & ar\nd re>+ ponds conta9+ ova or "y fi% are v num]\s1 & x is advisable t ! fi% culturi/ %\ld h "s k ( !m4 ,x is = ?is reason1 t :ile ,i caution$ my read]s aga9/ ! creatures :i* are dang]\s1 & enum]at$ "s ( ^? mo/ s]viceable z food1 ,i left detail$ descriptions ( ^! enemies & fri5ds ( ! little fi%1 9 ord] t ,i might deal ) !m 9 a sep>ate *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l>va ,,( ,,dytiscus ,,& ,,"y ,,tr\t4 ,among ! wor/ enemies ( bo? ova & fry is ! ,dytiscus m>g9alis1 :e!r ?is insect be 9 ! l>val or adult /age4 ,i ?9k t ,i %\ld h>dly be wrong 9 go+ ev5 fur!r & say+ t ,d4 m>g9alis is v dang]\s to tr\t e>ly 9 _! ye>l+ /age4 ,! accompany+ illu/ration %[s a l>va ( ,dytiscus :i* has caught a "y tr\t4 ,?is illu/ration is tak5 f a photograph ( a specim5 l5t to me by ,mr4 ,f4 ,m4 ,hal=d1 & bo? ! fi% & ! l>va 7 alive :5 !y 7 caught4 ,un=tunately ! tr\t is a little %rivell$1 & ! legs ( ! ,dytiscus h be5 brok54 ,d4 m>g9alis lays its eggs 9 ! /ems ( ru%es4 ,! l>va1 :5 hat*$1 makes its way out1 & proce$s to lead a pr$atory life4 ,! l>va :5 full-gr[n is ab\t two in*es long1 & is q ! mo/ rapaci\s creature :i* lives 9 our wat]s4 ,! adult beetle is also purely c>nivor\s1 b is p]haps n q s rapaci\s4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 probably attack a l>g] fi%4 ,! l>ge/ ( ,engli% wat] beetles is ,hydrophilus piceus4 ,?is beetle is n1 9 ! adult /age at lea/1 c>nivor\s1 b ! l>va1 :i* is ab\t half an in* long] & consid]ably fatt] ?an t ( ,d4 m>g9alis1 is c>nivor\s4 ,x may be told f ! l>va ( ,dytiscus n only by its size1 :i* is h>dly a reliable po9t = discrim9ation1 b by ! small] size ( ! head 9 comp>ison to ! re/ ( ! body4 ,! claws1 ) :i* ,hydrophilus seizes its prey1 are1 too1 consid]ably small] ?an ^? ( ,dytiscus4 ,?is l>va %\ld be kept out ( ! re>+ ponds ) j z mu* c>e z t ( ! m voraci\s ,d4 m>g9alis4 ,) ! k+fi%] ,i h already dealt at "s l5g?1 s t ,i ne$ say b little m ) reg>d to x4 ,"o ( ! wor/ features 9 ?is bird's "* is t x w g on kill+ _m m little fi% ?an x c possibly eat4 ,z ,i h be=e said1 x is surpris+ h[ ^! birds w appe> 9 consid]able numb]s :]e a fi% hat*]y is />t$1 ev5 9 localities :]e !y h be=e be5 consid]$ r>e4 ,i h already describ$ h[ ! ponds %\ld be protect$ f _! ravages4 ,h]ons d a great deal ( h>m to fi% ponds1 ev5 :5 ! fi% h got well into ! ye>l+ /age4 ,i h on "o or two occasions kn[n ( h]ons w\nd+ tr\t ( at lea/ a p\nd 9 weight4 ,besides ! actual damage !y d by kill+ fi%1 !y put all ! o!r fi% 9 ! pond (f _! fe$ ?r\gh fright5+ !m4 ,aft] a h]on or k+fi%] has be5 ab\t a re>+ pond ! little fi% w n fe$ = a consid]able "t1 sometimes ev5 = days4 ,not)/&+ _! v evil proclivities1 bo? h]ons & k+fi%]s are v int]e/+4 ,a k+fi%]1 if he cat*es a fi% :i* is a little too big = him to swall[ :ole1 w knock ! head ( ! fi%1 :i* he always cat*es by ! middle ( ! body1 aga9/ a /one1 9 ord] to kill x1 or at lea/ to /op x /ruggl+2 x might o!rwise 9 its /ruggles escape1 z ! k+fi%] c only swall[ a fi% head fir/4 ,!re are /ories :i* tell h[ h]ons sometimes pluck small fea!rs f _! brea/s &1 float+ ^! fea!rs ^u ! wat]1 cat* ! tr\t z !y rise to x2 x is suppos$ t ! tr\t takes ! fea!r = a fly4 ,p]sonally1 ,i d n ?9k t mu* cr$5ce %\ld be atta*$ to ! latt] /ory4 ,o!r birds1 usually f\nd on or ne> ! wat]1 are also likely to d mu* h>m to ! ova & "y fi%4 ,almo/ e creature :i* is f\nd ne> ! wat] seems to h a great lik+ = ! ova ( fi%es4 ,all ! wad+ & swimm+ birds are to be dread$ by ! fi% culturi/4 ,!y w1 all ( !m1 eat ova 9 enorm\s quantities1 & _m ( !m w also eat ! little fi%4 ,besides birds1 small l>v ( sev]al insects w eat1 or at any rate kill1 ! ova 9 consid]able numb]s4 ,caddis-worms are among ^! l>v :i* eat ova4 ,?is seems to be "o ( ! few cases 9 :i* nature is j1 = caddis-worms are tak5 v readily by ev5 small tr\t4 ,l>ge tr\t w take !m v gre$ily1 cases & all4 ,!re=e1 ,i %\ld advise ! fi% culturi/ to cultivate !m z food = ! fi% he is re>+1 b to be v c>eful t !y d n get into ! re>+ boxes or hat*+ trays :5 he has ova 9 !m4 ,! caddis-worms kill ! ova by mak+ a small hole 9 !m & suck+ "s ( ! cont5ts out2 f ?is hole "s m ( ! cont5ts escapes1 & z x comes into contact ) ! wat] becomes opaque4 ,caddis-worms are ! l>v ( an ord] ( f\r-w+$ flies commonly kn[n z s$ges1 caddis-flies1 or wat]-mo?s4 ,! latt] appellation is ( c\rse a misnom]1 z ^! flies 7,tri*opt]a7 h no?+ :atev] to d ) mo?s4 ,!y resemble mo?s1 h[ev]1 9 t !y h f\r w+s :i* :5 at re/ lie 9 mu* ! same position z d ^? ( mo?s1 & z _m ( !m h _! w+s ?ickly cov]$ ) hairs1 ?is resemblance is sometimes v m>k$4 ,! l>v 7caddis-worms71 be+ eag]ly s\ght z food by _m fi%1 & hav+ v s(t bodies1 make = !mselves cases4 ,"s ( ^! cases are made f small /icks1 "s f little pieces ( /one or s&1 & "s f a mixture ( all ( ^! sub/ances4 ,z ^! cases resemble su* small pieces ( rubbi% z are frequ5tly f\nd 9 /reams1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t !y d n get into ! hat*+ trays conta9+ ova4 ,_m ( ! wat] beetles1 & practically all ( _! l>v1 w attack ! ova2 !y %\ld !re=e be c>efully exclud$ f ! hat*+ trays4 ,z !re are ab\t #aad diff]5t species ( beetles 9 ! family ( ,dytiscid alone1 my read]s w appreciate my reason = n attempt+ to enum]ate !m4 ,x w be a suffici5t w>n+ to /ate ! fact t !y are all c>nivor\s1 & _! relative sizes is ! only ?+ :i* w decide :e!r ! beetle w eat ! fi%1 or ! fi% ! beetle4 ,v simil> to beetles are "s ( ! wat]-bugs4 ,!y may1 h[ev]1 easily be di/+ui%$ f beetles1 z ! out] or ant]ior w+s ( ! bugs cross ea* o!r at _! l[] ends1 :ile ! elytra ( beetles1 :i* mu* resemble ! horny1 ant]ior w+s ( "s ( ! wat]-bugs1 meet exactly 9 ! middle l9e4 ,^! wat]-bugs1 ?\gh "s ( !m are excell5t food = ev5 ! small fi%1 w attack ! ova1 & !re=e !y %\ld be kept out ( ! hat*+ trays4 ,! fi% culturi/ %\ld1 h[ev]1 :5ev] x is possible1 cultivate su* ( ^! wat]-bugs z are good food = ! fry 9 sep>ate ponds1 z ,i h be=e recomm5d$4 ,! be/ ( ^! wat]-bugs are ,corix4 ,o!rs1 su* z ! wat]-boatman1 wat]-scorpions & pond-skat]s1 are n ( any value z food = ! fi%4 ,! l>v ( ,ephem]id are v good food = ! fi%1 & %\ld be cultivat$ 9 sep>ate ponds if possible1 & "s turn$ into ! ponds conta9+ ! little fi% occasionally4 ,a fair proportion %\ld1 h[ev]1 be kept 9 ! ponds & protect$1 s t a good /ock ( ! flies may be available next ye>4 ,! l>v ( ,ephem]id may be obta9$ 9 _m /reams1 & are be/ caught ) a f9e gauze net4 ,"s ( !m swim1 b mo/ are g5]ally captur$ ) su* a net at ! bottom ( ! wat] among ! dbris4 ,eggs ( ,ephem]id may be obta9$ sometimes f ano!r locality if !y _c be got on ! spot4 ,^! %\ld be c>efully pres]v$ = ! fir/ ye> at any rate1 & a good fly may ?us be introduc$ into a wat] :]e x 0 be=e unkn[n4 ,i h already spok5 ( ! fre%-wat] %rimp & ! wat]-flea 7,daphnia pulex74 ,^! valuable articles ( diet %\ld be introduc$ :5ev] x is possible4 ,daphnia mu/ be re>$ 9 a /agnant pond1 ! fre%-wat] %rimp 7,gamm>us pulex7 9 runn+ wat]1 ) pl5ty ( we$s4 ,o!r useful creatures besides ^? snails & mussels :i* ,i describ$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 are ! wat]-l\se 7,asellus aquaticus71 ,cyprid1 & ,cyclops quadricornis4 ,asellus is v simil> 9 size & %ape to ! common g>d5-l\se1 :i* is f\nd 9 decay+ wood4 ,x w live ei!r 9 /agnant or runn+ wat]4 ,cyprid are v mu* small]1 be+ g5]ally only z l>ge z a l>ge p9's head4 ,!y h a bivalve %ell :i* makes !m look some?+ l a small mussel4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 v active1 swimm+ by means ( two pairs ( legs4 ,!y also possess two pairs ( ant5n & "o eye4 7,! species belong+ to ! g5us ,c&ona ( ! family ,cyprid1 d n swim47 ,cyclops is ano!r v small cru/acean1 %ap$ l a l>ge-head$ club4 ,x swims v actively1 &1 l ! ,cyprid1 is an excell5t article ( diet = v "y fi%4 ,bo? ^! cru/acea live 9 /agnant wat]1 & mu/1 !re=e1 be kept 9 a sep>ate pond1 :5ce !y may be tak5 z requir$ to be giv5 to ! fry4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,tr\t4 ,,managem5t1 ,,fe$+1 ,,& ,,turn+ ,,out ,,( ,,ye>l+s ,z ,i po9t$ out to my read]s 9 ,*apt] ,,viii41 ! "y tr\t h aft] ,augu/ pass$ ! critical p]iod ( _! exi/5ce1 & may be consid]$ safe & h>dy4 ,naturally1 z !y get old]1 !y require m food1 b ?is ne$ n be giv5 s frequ5tly z ! fi% gr[ old]4 ,:ile x 0 necess>y to fe$ ! fry at lea/ f\r times a day1 x w be f\nd q suffici5t if ! fi% 9 ,augu/ are f$ only twice dur+ ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,i mu/ "h aga9 impress ^u my read] ! importance ( fe$+ ! tr\t ^u z natural a food z possible4 ,_! future well-be+ dep5ds ^u ?is1 mu* m ?an is g5]ally realiz$ ev5 by fi% culturi/s4 ,( c\rse1 tr\t f$ entirely ^u s(t food may turn out all "r1 p>ticul>ly if !y are turn$ out z v "y ye>l+s1 b x is bett] n to leave any?+ to *ance & make sure ( be+ on ! safe side4 ,z 0 ! case ) ! fry dur+ ! :ole ( ! e>li] "p ( _! lives1 ! ye>l+s w divide into two m or less sep>ate packs1 ?\gh ! fi% may h be5 sep>at$ sev]al times be=e 9 ord] to divide ^? :i* kept at ! head f ^? :i* kept at ! l[] end ( ! pond4 ,^? tr\t at ! l[] end mu/ be coax$ to ! upp] end z mu* z possible1 c>e be+ tak5 :5 fe$+ t all ! fi% get a fair %>e ( food4 ,%\ld any ( ! fi% rema9 ob/9ately at ! l[] end1 & ^? at ! upp] end outgr[ !m to a m>k$ ext5t1 ! small] ones mu/ be aga9 sep>at$ f ! l>g]4 ,:51 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]1 ! little fi% h gr[n active & /rong1 !y may be turn$ out into ! wat] !y are to occupy = ! re/ ( _! lives4 ,!re is really no reason :y1 if !y are well-gr[n & /rong1 !y %\ld n be turn$ out 9 ,augu/ if ! wat] !y h to be tak5 to is q close to ! re>+ ponds1 b if !y h to be c>ri$ any di/ance1 x is bett] to keep !m 9 ! re>+ ponds = a few weeks long]1 till ! wea!r gets cool en\gh to make x q safe to all[ = a possible delay 9 ! transit4 ,! turn+ out ( ! fi% requires "s little c>e4 ,i h se5 fi% :i* _h be5 s5t by rail1 p\r$ out ) ! wat] conta9$ 9 ! cans1 9 z hurri$ a mann] z possible4 ,?\gh ( c\rse x is important to get ! fi% out ( ! cans us$ = transport z soon z is compatible ) safety2 /ill1 undue ha/e 9 ?is op]ation is likely to d mu* h>m4 ,"y fi% ( any k9d require delicate h&l+1 & "y tr\t p>ticul>ly4 ,! cans %\ld1 :5 possible1 be p>tly empti$1 & "s wat] f t into :i* !y are to be turn$ put into ! c4 ,?is is ( c\rse n necess>y if ! re>+ ponds are suppli$ f ! same s\rce z ! wat] into :i* ! fi% are turn$4 ,! cans %\ld !n be p>tially imm]s$ 9 ! wat]1 & ! edges br\ght gradually bel[ ! surface4 ,?is all[s ! fi% to swim out ( ! cans ( _! own accord1 & ! few :i* w n g out may be =c$ to d s by g5tly turn+ ! c upside d[n4 ,x is a v good ?+ to give ea* ( ! fi% a dose ( salt be=e turn+ !m out1 p>ticul>ly if !y h travell$ any di/ance4 ,?is is easily manag$ by cat*+ ! fi%1 a few at a "t1 9 a l&+-net f ! travell+ c1 & !n1 in/ead ( putt+ !m /raight into ! wat]1 putt+ !m into a bucket ( salt & wat] = a %ort "t4 ,sea wat] is ( c\rse bett] if x is available4 ,?is does away ) any risk ( _! develop+ fungus on ! spots :i* h v likely got bruis$ dur+ ! j\rney4 ,! ye>l+s are be/ tak5 f ! re>+ ponds by nett+ !m4 ,a net :i* is m ?an broad en\gh to g across ! re>+ pond is necess>y4 ,too _m %\ld n be tak5 out at a "t 9 ea* haul ( ! net1 z !y are ?us m likely to be injur$ or dropp$ on ! gr\nd4 ,! amateur %\ld n =get1 t ?\gh ! little fi% w /& a good deal ( mov+ ab\t z long z !y are 9 wat]1 !y are likely to be kill$1 or at lea/ sev]ely injur$1 by a %ock1 p>ticul>ly if t %ock is su/a9$ :ile !y are out ( ! wat] = a second or two dur+ _! be+ mov$ f "o place to ano!r4 ,if ! amateur int5ds to keep any ( 8 ye>l+s long] ?an ,decemb]1 he w h to make a l>g] pond4 ,?is pond ne$ n be a long1 n>r[ "o l ^? 9 :i* ! fry 7 kept4 ,?\gh ! fi% ( c\rse /ill require a suffici5t supply ( well-a]at$ wat]1 a l>g] pond )\t ! same m>k$ curr5t ?r\gh x w d p]fectly well4 ,!y mu/ be well f$1 & if any gr[ m>k$ly bigg] ?an ! re/ ^! %\ld be sep>at$4 ,if !y are n well suppli$ ) food !y are v likely to try & eat ea* o!r1 t is to say1 ! l>ge/ w try to eat ! smalle/4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,re>+ ,,( ,,! ,,ra9b[ ,,tr\t1 ,,am]ican ,,brook ,,tr\t1 ,,& ,,*> ,z ! me?ods us$ 9 hat*+ out ! ova & re>+ ! "y fi% are v simil> 9 ! case ( diff]5t species ( tr\t to ^? ,i h already describ$ 9 deal+ ) ! common tr\t 7,salmo f>io71 ,i w conf9e myself to po9t+ out ! mo/ m>k$ diff]5ces 9 ! habits ( su* species z are suitable to our wat]s1 & :i* are likely to be ( use to ! fi% culturi/4 ,! salmon- or sea-tr\t w be dealt ) "u salmon4 ,fir/ & =emo/ among ! tr\t1 exclud+ ( c\rse our own br[n tr\t1 ,i put ! ra9b[ tr\t 7,salmo irideus74 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( ?is species1 b t :i* is n[ be+ s freely introduc$ into _m wat]s 9 ,engl& is ! ,mc,cloud ,riv] ra9b[ 7,s4 irideus1 v>4 %a/a74 ,z ,i h be=e /at$1 ! ra9b[ spawns long aft] ! ,s4 f>io4 ,x !re=e w give ! fly-fi%]m5 good sport aft] ! season = ! common tr\t is ov]4 ,x is a v free fe$]1 & gr[s m rapidly ?an our tr\t2 great c>e mu/ !re=e be tak5 to give x pl5ty ( food4 ,i w\ld draw my read]s' att5tion p>ticul>ly to ?is fact z to ! fe$+ & quick-gr[+ qualities ( ! ra9b[1 = !y make x1 if possible1 ev5 m necess>y t ! wat] into :i* !y are turn$ %\ld conta9 a good supply ( food ?an x 0 9 ! case ( ! common tr\t2 ?\gh ev5 9 ! case ( ! common tr\t1 ?is is q ! mo/ important consid]ation 9 /ock+ a wat] ) fi%4 ,ano!r advantage possess$ by ! ra9b[ is1 t x is less liable to ! attacks ( fungus ?an any o!r ( ! ,salmonid4 ,?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ?is is n su* an important consid]ation n[adays z x w\ld h be5 ev5 a few ye>s ago1 /ill x is "o :i* des]ves "s consid]ation1 p>ticul>ly f ! amateur4 ,?is fre$om f fungus is v m>k$ 9 ! ra9b[1 = ,i "k ( a case :]e "s dace suff]+ f fungus 7 put into a re>+ pond conta9+ a few ra9b[s4 ,?\gh ! dace di$ ( ! disease1 ! ra9b[s rema9$ heal?y & free f x4 ,! amateur w probably receive ! ova ( ! ra9b[ t[>ds ! end ( ,april or dur+ ,may4 ,! ova %\ld hat* out )9 a few days ( _! be+ receiv$4 ,a few ye>s1 ,i might almo/ say mon?s ago1 ! great majority ( dis9t]e/$ p]sons1 ^: op9ion 0 ( any consequ5ce1 7 incl9$ to condemn ! g5]al introduction ( ?is fi% into our wat]s4 ,i 01 un=tunately1 suppos$ to be among a c]ta9 class ( p :o advocat$ ! g5]al introduction ( ?is fi% into all our wat]s indiscrim9ately4 ,?is1 ,i h always said1 0 a v %ort-sight$ policy1 =1 to beg9 )1 ! evid5ce at our disposal seems to %[ t ! ra9b[ w nev] ?rive 9 cold wat]s1 & at ! be/ c only be expect$ to really ?rive & spawn 9 ! w>m wat]s 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&4 ,i nev] advocat$ m = ! ra9b[ ?an t x %\ld h a fair trial 9 wat]s :]e our own tr\t _h be5 tri$ & f\nd n to be a success4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ,i 9 my turn /& a *ance ( be+ conv]t$ by conv]ts f among ! v p :o1 a %ort "t ago1 7 condemn+ me = hold+ too fav\rable an op9ion ( ! fi% 9 "q4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t 9 ! case ( a pond 9 ! s\?1 ev5 :5 x is suppli$ by a good /ream1 ! ra9b[ is ! bett] fi% ) :i* to /ock4 ,i h be5 l$ to believe ?is1 p>tly ?r\gh my own exp]i5ce1 & p>tly on acc\nt ( ! op9ion ( ,mr4 ,s5ior1 = ,i consid] 8 op9ion on su* a matt] ( ! greate/ possible value4 ,ano!r po9t ab\t ! ra9b[1 :i* 9 _m cases w recomm5d x p>ticul>ly to ! amateur1 is t ?\gh ( c\rse an abundant supply ( wat] is an advantage1 x may be re>$ ) a small] supply4 ,a fi% :i* has be5 v freely introduc$ into ,briti% wat]s is ! ,am]ican brook-tr\t 7,salvel9us font9alis74 ,?\gh ?is fi% is n really a tr\t b a *> ,i h includ$ x among tr\t1 because x is s v g5]ally kn[n to fi%]m5 z ! ,am]ican brook-tr\t4 ,! font9alis1 z x is commonly call$ by fi% culturi/s1 is a v satisfactory fi% to re> artificially1 b !re seems to be "s d\bt z to its suitability to ,briti% wat]s4 ,x gr[s to a consid]able size "u fav\rable conditions1 & is "o ( ! be/ ( table fi%es4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 und\bt$ly "o ( ! wor/ ( cannibals among sport+ fi%es1 & does n app>5tly rise freely to ! fly :5 ab\t two ye>s old & old]4 ,! spawn+ season is ext5d$ ov] an ev5 long] p]iod ?an t ( our own br[n tr\t1 beg9n+1 9 its native c\ntry1 9 ,octob]1 & sometimes la/+ till ,m>*4 ,x %[s a v m>k$ t5d5cy1 at any rate 9 ,am]ica1 to g d[n to ! sea1 & 9 "s p>ts ( ,canada is call$ a sea-tr\t4 ,! fi% are easy to re>1 b ,i %\ld recomm5d great caution ) reg>d to _! introduction into any wat]s 9 ,engl&4 ,! rem>ks & in/ructions :i* ,i gave ) reg>d to ! common tr\t1 apply also to ! font9alis1 b ,i w\ld lay p>ticul> /ress ^u ! necessity ( sep>at+ ! fi%1 z soon z "s gr[ l>g] ?an ! re/4 ,! only drawback to ?is fi%1 f ! fi% culturi/'s po9t ( view1 is t ?\gh a v free fe$]1 x is v da9ty1 sometimes refus+ a p>ticul> k9d ( food = no app>5t reason4 ,z ! spawn+ season is ext5d$ ov] su* a consid]able p]iod ( "t1 x is obvi\s t ! amateur w be able to obta9 ! ova1 ready to hat* out1 dur+ a simil>ly l5g?y p]iod4 ,a fi% :i* ,i %\ld v mu* l to see tri$ 9 ,engl&1 is ! cut-?roat tr\t 7,salmo mykiss74 ,x is also kn[n z ! r$-?roat tr\t4 ,i %\ld ?9k1 f ! description giv5 9 ! report ( ! ,commission ( ,fi%]ies1 ,game1 & ,=e/s = ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 t x w\ld d well 9 _m ( our wat]s4 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( ?is species ( tr\t4 ,! common "n ( !m all is ,salmo mykiss1 ! black-spott$ tr\t ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,! cut-?roat tr\t prop]1 s call$ f ! r$ col\r ( its ?roat1 is simply ,s4 mykiss1 b !re are _m v>ieties describ$4 ,among ^! are ! ,columbia ,riv] tr\t 7,s4 mykiss1 v>4 cl>kii71 ! ,lake ,tahoe tr\t 7,s4 mykiss1 v>4 h5%awi71 ! ,rio ,gr&e tr\t 7,s4 mykiss1 v>4 spilurus71 & ! ,colorado ,riv] tr\t 7,s4 mykiss1 v>4 pleuriticus74 ,z ^! names %[1 ! black-spott$ tr\t has a v wide range & is f\nd 9 :at are totally diff]5t climates4 ,i %\ld v mu* l to see ! cut-?roat & ! ,columbia ,riv] v>ieties tri$ 9 our wat]s1 p>ticul>ly ! =m]1 z !y w\ld probably succe$ 9 wat]s :i* are too cold = ! ra9b[1 & might v likely ?rive :]e our own tr\t 7,s4 f>io7 is n a success4 ,z x is f\nd 9 climates :i* v>y s mu* z d ,alaska & ,cali=nia1 x w\ld probably be easy to f9d "o v>iety1 if n two or ?ree1 :i* w\ld ?rive 9 ,engl&4 ,x is a p>ticul>ly f9e tr\t1 & ! ord9>y maximum weight is five or six p\nds1 ?\gh "s ( ! v>ieties gr[ mu* l>g]4 ,*>1 prop]1 are n at all satisfactory fi% to re>4 ,!y are v delicate1 & require mu* m c>e & att5tion ?an d any ( ! fi% ,i h already describ$4 ,f ! v fir/ p]iod ( _! com+ "u ! c>e ( ! amateur fi% culturi/1 t is to say1 f ! ova1 j be=e hat*+ out1 till !y are ye>l+s1 ! mortality among !m w be mu* great] ?an 9 ! case ( any ( ! tr\t4 ,! two k9ds ( *>1 mo/ commonly to be obta9$ by ! amateur1 are ! ,alp9e & ! ,w9d]m]e *>4 ,! ova ( ^! fi% w be receiv$ %ortly be=e !y are ready to hat* out1 z 0 ! case ) ! tr\t ova4 ,! amateur's difficulties w1 h[ev]1 beg9 almo/ at once1 = 9 ! act ( hat*+ out consid]able mortality among ! *> (t5 occurs4 ,tr\t almo/ inv>iably em]ge f ! egg tail fir/4 ,z soon z ! tail is free ! little fi% beg9s to move x rapidly1 us+ x z a propell] ) :i* to swim ab\t & ?us soon works completely out ( ! egg4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 tr\t hat* out head fir/1 & 9 ^! cases ! "y fi% g5]ally dies be=e x c set itself free f ! cov]+s ( ! ovum4 ,buckl& obs]v$ t ! alev9s ( ! *> v frequ5tly hat* out head fir/1 & consequ5tly t _m ( !m die be=e !y c "w !mselves free f ! eggs4 ,if x 7 possible to h "s "o con/antly wat*+ ! ova at ! "t t !y are hat*+ out1 x w\ld be possible to save a v l>ge proportion ( !m1 z !y may be v effectually help$ out ( ! egg ) a fea!r or s(t camel's-hair bru%2 b ?is is1 ( c\rse1 q impracticable1 unless !re is "s "o con/antly wat*+ ! ova1 z ! delay ( ev5 a few m9utes w mean ! dea? ( ! fi%4 ,?is peculi>ity 9 ! hat*+ out ( ! *> has also be5 obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,j4 ,armi/ead1 & ,i h be5 able to v]ify x p]sonally4 ,! mortality :i* occurs 9 ! actual hat*+ out ( ! alev9s does n1 h[ev]1 by any means end ! tr\ble :i* ! fi% culturi/ has to enc\nt] 9 ! re>+ ( *>4 ,!y require mu* m p]suasion & c>e :5 !y beg9 to fe$ & ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! summ]4 ,! p]c5tage ( dea?s is always great] ?an 9 ! case ( ! tr\ts1 n exclud+ ! font9alis1 :i* is1 z ,i h already expla9$1 n really a tr\t b a *>4 ,?\gh !re mu/ be "s d\bt z to its success1 ,i %\ld l to see a really s]i\s attempt at introduc+ *> into "s deep & l>ge ponds 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&4 ,*> h be5 v successfully re>$ 9 %all[ wat]1 :i* 0 c]ta9ly n kept at a p>ticul>ly l[ temp]ature1 s ,i see no reason :y ?is fi% %\ld n d 9 "s ( our m s\!rn wat]s4 ,"o drawback to ! *ance ( ?is attempt be+ made1 h[ev]1 is t ! *> _c be consid]$ z be+ a fi% :i* gives v good sport1 & ,i v mu* d\bt :e!r any "o is likely to try ! exp]im5t simply to f9d out :e!r !y w\ld or w\ld n succe$ 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,salmon ,,& ,,sea-,,tr\t ,9 _m ways nature is app>5tly v wa/eful1 & 9 no?+ is ?is m m>k$ ?an 9 ! case ( ! salmon4 ,probably n m ?an "o egg 9 a ?\s& produces a fi% :i* rea*es ! smolt /age1 & a /ill small] proportion gr[s to ! spawn+ /age4 ,?is great mortality :i* occurs among ! eggs & "y fi% :5 left to nature may be v consid]ably r$uc$ by artificial means1 s t a v fair proportion ( ! eggs deposit$ by ! female fi% w n only be hat*$ out successfully1 b ! little fi% w rea* ! smolt /age safely & h a good *ance ( rea*+ ! sea4 ,h[ successful artificial int]v5tion may be has be5 prov$ ov] & ov] aga9 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ,canada4 ,9 ! case ( m ?an "o riv] 9 ,canada1 ! artificial propagation & protection ( salmon has result$ 9 :at is app>5tly ! actual manufacture ( a salmon riv]1 yield+ an annual haul ( fi% f> beyond any?+ kn[n 9 ,europe1 f a riv] :i* be=e yield$ no salmon1 or h>dly any4 ,^! op]ations1 c>ri$ out by ! ,/ate1 7 ( c\rse f> beyond any?+ :i* c\ld be und]tak5 by ! amateur1 b ,i am sure t if sev]al rip>ian own]s on a salmon riv] c>ri$ on artificial hat*+ & re>+ op]ations = sev]al seasons1 a m>k$ increase 9 ! numb] ( fi% 9 ! riv] w\ld ensue4 ,! objection ( mo/ p to ?is c\rse is t x is un=tunately only too app>5t t !y are b5efit+ *iefly1 n ! rod fi%]man1 b ! netsman at ! m\? ( ! riv]4 ,! diff]5t artificial means us$ to help nature 9 produc+ a good head ( salmon 9 a riv] v>y *iefly 9 ! am\nt ( ! help giv5 by ea*4 ,x w suffice to say t ! be/ is t :i* provides = ! protection & fe$+ ( ! "y fi% till x is ready to take its fir/ j\rney to ! sea4 ,! reason ( ?is is obvi\s1 z e day pass$ 9 safety is a day ga9$1 bo? 9 /r5g? & 9 p[] ( self-pres]vation4 ,?\gh x is possible to pur*ase a c]ta9 numb] ( salmon ova1 ?is is n at all a satisfactory way ( obta9+ !m4 ,to beg9 )1 x is impossible to get !m 9 suffici5t numb]s to c>ry out op]ations on a l>ge en\gh scale4 ,salmon ova are also exp5sive2 & x is no use work+ ) less ?an half a million 9 sev]al /ations if ! riv] is ( any size4 ,x is advisable t ! ova %\ld be obta9$ f ! fi%4 ,?is may be done ei!r by collect+ ! ova deposit$ by ! fi% 9 ! spawn+ b$s or f ! gravid females4 ,! latt] c\rse necessitates ! ripe female & male fi% be+ caught & artificially spawn$4 ,z 9 nature1 at be/ b a comp>atively small p]c5tage ( ! ova are impregnat$1 & by artificial spawn+ ov] n9ety p] c5t4 ( !m may be successfully hat*$ out1 !re c be b little d\bt z to :i* is ! bett] way4 ,x is difficult to make sure ( cat*+ ! fi% j at ! "t !y are ripe1 s x is advisable to imp\nd !m 9 a f5c$-(f portion ( ! riv]1 :]e !y may be got at easily4 ,9 ! ripe female ! ova fl[ out v readily1 & b little pressure is necess>y4 ,h>d pressure on ! abdom5 %\ld nev] be appli$1 z x is sure to injure ! fi%4 ,a ripe female hav+ be5 obta9$1 f :i* ! ova fl[ readily1 ! female is held ov] a p]fectly clean t9 or e>!nw>e di%--wet1 b conta9+ no wat]--& ! ova are caus$ to fl[ into x by g5tly b firmly press+ ! h& on ! abdom51 & /rok+ x d[n t[>ds ! v5t4 ,milt f a ripe male fi% is !n all[$ to run ov] ! ova 9 ! di%1 & is made to run well betwe5 !m by tilt+ ! di% ab\t f side to side4 ,! ova w n[ adh]e toge!r1 & "s wat] %\ld be add$4 ,?is wat] %\ld be p\r$ (f & fre% add$ till ! sup]flu\s milt is wa%$ away1 :5 ! ova %\ld be left 9 ! wat] till !y sep>ate1 :i* w be 9 ab\t tw5ty m9utes or half an h\r4 ,! f]tiliz$ ova ?us obta9$ may ei!r be laid d[n 9 artificially protect$ hat*+ b$s1 or may be transf]r$ to a hat*]y4 ,! latt] proce$+1 ( c\rse1 requires a hat*+ h\se specially built & arrang$1 & z ?is is outside ! scope ( ! pres5t "w1 ,i w\ld ref] my read]s to l>g] works ^u ! subject1 su* z ,an ,angl]'s ,p>adise1 by ,j4 ,j4 ,armi/ead4 ,( c\rse1 by us+ a hat*]y a l>ge numb] ( ! eggs w be sav$1 n9ety p] c5t4 ( !m %\ld hat* out4 ,?is is1 !re=e1 obvi\sly ! be/ way to proce$4 ,a v mu* l>g] numb] ( eggs w1 h[ev]1 be hat*$ out 9 prop]ly-*os5 artificial b$s ?an w\ld be ! case if !y 7 left to nature4 ,! necess>y qualities ( a good artificial b$ are1 a good supply ( clean wat] :i* is n liable if !re is a spate to deposit s$im5t on ! eggs1 protection f light1 & protection f ! _m creatures :i* prey ^u ! ova4 ,! hat*+ b$s may be s arrang$ t ! "y fi% may escape z soon z !y l aft] hat*+ out1 b x is be/ to wat* & protect !m = at any rate ! fir/ few weeks aft] !y h begun to fe$1 & :ile cont9u+ ! fe$+1 to all[ ^? ( ! fi% t wi% to escape4 ,! re>+ ( "y salmon & sea-tr\t is practically ! same z t ( ! common tr\t1 except t !y require m wat]4 ,if kept 9 re>+ ponds !y gr[ m quickly ?an !y d :5 left to f9d food = !mselves4 ,:ile "y1 ! salmon is m>k$ ) transv]se b>s ( a d>k] col\r ?an ! re/ ( ! body4 ,dur+ ! "t x be>s ^! m>ks x is kn[n z a p>r4#c ,9 ab\t fifte5 mon?s x loses ^! m>ks & becomes q silv]y1 be+ n[ kn[n z a smolt4 ,%ortly aft] assum+ ! smolt dress1 ! "y salmon takes its dep>ture to ! sea4 ,9 "s cases ! "y salmon d n appe> to g d[n to ! sea till ov] two ye>s aft] be+ hat*$ out1 b !y %\ld always be set at lib]ty 9 ,m>*1 ,april1 or ,may 9 ! ye> foll[+ t 9 :i* !y 7 hat*$ out1 accord+ to h[ f> !y h develop$ ! smolt or silv] appe>ance4 #c ,all ! tr\ts g ?r\gh ?is /age1 :i* is di/+ui%$ by f+] m>ks ^u ! sides4 ,if spr+ wat] is obta9able1 p>ticul>ly if ! wat]1 z is usually ! case1 is ( an ev5 temp]ature ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 ! tr\bles ( ! fi% culturi/ are consid]ably less5$4 ,)\t a build+ = ! hat*+ tr\ghs x is almo/ impossible 9 _m places to gu>d aga9/ fro/ unless su* a spr+ is available4 ,s$im5t may be avoid$ by putt+ frames cov]$ ) flannel at ! inlets to ! hat*+ b$s1 ^! w1 if kept clean1 prev5t any s$im5t f com+ into ! ponds1 & w all[ pl5ty ( wat] to fl[ 94 ,if hat*+ trays are n us$1 ! bottom ( ! artificial b$ %\ld be cov]$ ) clean gravel4 ,! "t :i* elapses f ! impregnation ( ! eggs to _! hat*+ out v>ies accord+ to ! temp]ature ( ! wat]1 a fairly av]age "t is ab\t n9ety days4 ,! ova %\ld be wat*$ dur+ ?is "t1 & ! dead ones remov$4 ,= a %ort "t aft] !y are impregnat$ !y are fairly h>dy1 b f !n till %ortly be=e !y hat* out ! v slighte/ concussion w kill or s]i\sly injure !m4 ,! managem5t ( sea-tr\t ova is simil> to t ( salmon1 & ! ova are obta9$ 9 ! same way4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! salmon x is be/ to re> ! little fi% artificially1 till !y are ready to g d[n to ! sea2 !y w ?us escape dang]s likely to cause ! loss ( ab\t eighty p] c5t4 ( _! numb]4 ,! same me?ods & ! same precautions z advis$ 9 ! *apt]s on re>+ tr\t %\ld be adopt$ 9 ! case ( salmon & sea-tr\t z f> z is possible1 & if ?is is done a v l>ge p]c5tage ( ! ova %\ld be successfully re>$ to ! smolt /age4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,co>se ,,fi% ,comp>$ to :at is kn[n ab\t ! e>ly "p ( ! life hi/ory ( ! ,salmonid1 our k ( co>se fi% is small4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 su* l5g?y & complicat$ proce$+s z are necess>y to obta9 a good /ock ( tr\t are n necess>y to obta9 a good /ock ( co>se fi%4 ,if ev5 a few rudd1 p]*1 dace1 pike1 or c>p are put into wat] :]e !y h a good supply ( food to beg9 )1 & :i* is suitable o!rwise = _! well-be+1 ! amateur's *ief tr\ble aft] a few ye>s1 if ! wat] is n heavily fi%$1 w be to keep d[n ! /ock ( co>se fi% 9 proportion to ! supply ( food4 ,i h se5 _m cases :]e rudd1 p]*1 dace & c>p h increas$ to an enorm\s ext5t f a few fi% introduc$ into ! wat]4 ,"s f\r ye>s ago we put a few small rudd into a mill-pond at home1 ?9k+ t ! fry !y produc$ w\ld s]ve admirably z food to ! tr\t :i* also inhabit$ ! pond4 ,9 ab\t tw5ty mon?s ! pond 0 full ( small rudd1 & la/ ye> we nett$ out _m hundr$1 z ! wat] 0 t]ribly ov]-/ock$ ) !m4 ,! same ?+ has happ5$ 9 almo/ e case :i* has come to my k2 t is1 ( c\rse1 :]e ! wat]s h be5 /ock$ ) food1 & suitable to ! fi% introduc$4 ,! way 9 :i* dace w increase :5 put into a suitable wat] is1 if possible1 ev5 m rem>kable ?an :at happ5s 9 ! case ( ! rudd4 ,i w quote "o in/ance1 :i* proves ?is v conclusively4 ,a few ye>s ago !re 7 no dace 9 ! ,sussex ,ouse4 ,pike fi%]m51 h[ev]1 us$ to br+ live dace to use z baits4 ,"s ( ^! escap$1 or 7 set free by ! fi%]m5 at ! end ( _! day's fi%+1 & n[ ! ,sussex ,ouse conta9s m dace = its size ?an any o!r riv] ,i h ev] se54 ,:ile rudd ?rive be/ 9 a pond or lake into :i* a /ream fl[s1 dace require a riv] or /ream to d well4 ,!y w1 h[ev]1 ?rive & increase rapidly 9 a riv] :]e tr\t are n a success4 ,a muddy bottom ) occasional quickly runn+ %all[s1 seem to con/itute ! be/ k9d ( wat] = dace4 ,! l>ge/1 & by f> ! be/ condition$ dace ,i h se51 h come f ! tidal p>ts ( riv]s1 :]e ! wat] is bracki% at high wat]4 ,dace f su* a wat] h also ! advantage ( be+ v good eat+1 z !y h1 z a rule1 n got ! unpleasant muddy ta/e usual 9 ?is fi%4 ,p]* & pike w ?rive bo? 9 riv]s & 9 ponds or lakes :i* h a supply ( wat] f a /ream or f spr+s4 ,!y bo? increase 9 numb]s v rapidly1 & :5 protect$1 are m likely to require ?9n+ d[n e few ye>s1 ?an artificial assi/ance f ! amateur4 ,! k+-c>p is ! be/ fi% = ! amateur :o wi%es to obta9 good bottom fi%+ f an absolutely /agnant pond4 ,?is fi% is mu* bold] & a m free fe$] ?an ! common c>p4 ,x increases s rapidly 9 numb]s1 & is a h>d fight+ & lively fi%4 ,mo/ ( ! co>se fi% deposit a mu* l>g] numb] ( eggs ?an d any ( ! ,salmonid--t is to say1 9 proportion to _! size4 ,9 /ock+ a wat] :i* conta9s no fi%1 ! amateur may wi% to hurry on ! process ( nature 9 ! case ( co>se fi%2 &1 =tunately1 ?is is fairly easily manag$4 ,9 ! case ( p]*1 rudd1 pike1 & c>p1 b little *ange ( wat] is requir$ to hat* out ! eggs4 ,! eggs ( ^! fi% take b a %ort "t to hat*2 & if !y are protect$1 & ?is protection is also giv5 to ! little fi% = a few weeks1 x w g5]ally be f\nd t an amply suffici5t result is obta9$4 ,! eggs %\ld be spread out c>efully on wick]-"w or ! lids ( baskets & kept 9 ! light4 ,a trickle ( wat] :i* is suffici5t to *ange ! body ( wat] 9 ! pond 9 :i* ! ova are put w1 z a rule1 be en\gh4 ,! amateur mu/ be c>eful t ! pond 9 :i* he hat*es ! eggs does n conta9 any ( ! _m enemies ,i h describ$ 9 =m] *apt]s4 ,if x is at all possible to protect ! eggs & ! little fi%1 x is be/ to hat* out ! eggs 9 ! pond :i* x is int5d$ to /ock1 = x is exce$+ly difficult to keep ! newly-hat*$ fi% 9 a re>+-pond on acc\nt ( _! v small size4 ,x w be necess>y to use musl9 or flannel scre5s in/ead ( p]=at$ z9c4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t !re is n too great a fl[ ( wat]1 z ?is w cause ! little fi% to be dr[n$ at ! outlet scre54 ,,app5dix ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,e>? ,,9 ,,re>+ ,,ponds ,f a correspond5ce ^u ! subject :i* appe>$ 9 ,l& & ,wat] ,,sir1--,9 y\r la/ issue ,i h read ) pleasure ! em95tly practical notes on fi% culture by ,mr4 ,*>les ,walk]4 ,he is p]fectly "r 9 all he says ) ref]5ce to ! useful & prev5tive results ( ! use ( common g>d5 e>?1 or vegetable m\ld 9 *eck+ any fungoid developm5t1 ,saprolegnia or o!r4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be admitt$ t ! said addition is n an elem5t ( beauty 9 a box2 !re=e x %\ld be avoid$1 or only us$ :5 necessity dictates4 ,h[ev]1 ! fry1 :5 ?or\ghly re/or$ to heal?1 may be transf]r$ by musl9 net to ano!r box free f e>? %\ld x be necess>y to c\nt out c]ta9 numb]s = ! satisfaction ( cu/om]s' ord]s4 ,aga91 ! e>? employ$ may1 & 9 "s wat]s does1 give rise to o!r ill effects on ! heal? ( ! fry or "y fi%es4 ,affection ( ! eye is n unhe>d ( z ! result ( ov]-use ( e>?4 ,p]haps ! be/ way to obviate any tr\ble ( ?is nature w\ld be to p\nd & dry ! e>?1 & keep x 9 a cani/] or o!r clos$ vessel till requir$ = use4 ,spores ( fungi are ne>ly1 if n q1 omnipres5t2 & _! effects are s insidi\s t too _m precautions _c well be tak5 to av]t ! introduction ( tr\ble 9 ! hat*]y4 ,inde$1 7 x n = ! risks aris+ f attacks ( fungi1 pisciculture1 z n[ und]/ood & c>ri$ on1 w\ld be an unalloy$ pleasure & unb\nd$ success4 ,we c practically hat* #iie out ( #a1jjj eggs1 or !reab\ts4 ,x is ! risks ( re>+ t /& 9 our road1 & ^!1 z "t goes on1 & exp]i5ce increases1 mu/ dim9i%4 ,!re w\ld appe>1 !n1 to be a good "t com+ = fi% culture1 & ^? :o e>ne/ly foll[ x4 ,practice is ! only safe guide1 z circum/ances1 geological1 physical1 & meteorological s v>y ! conditions ( works t no def9ite rule ( proc$ure w avail4 ,e>ne/ "w & close obs]vation1 comb9$ ) ready res\rce1 are ! only safe guides to success4 ,tr\bles ( "s sort are sure to sup]v5e2 ! man :o succe$s is he :o c anticipate1 & s rem$y !m4 ,to be always on ! wat* & notice ! fir/ indication is a v safe maxim1 m easy to inculcate ?an to put 9 practice4 ,!re c be no "q b t ! practical removal ( difficulties 9 ! pa? ( fi% culture is "w ( ! highe/ value1 well wor?y ! att5tion & ackn[l$gm5t ( ^? 9 au?ority at ,:itehall & else:]e at home1 z has be5 ! case abroad4 ,c4 ,c4 ,c4 ,,sir1--,y\r correspond5t ,c4 ,c4 ,c4 9 ,l& & ,wat] ( la/ week disagrees ) ! con/ant & free use ( e>?1 :i* ,i _h advocat$ 9 my article on fi% culture :i* appe>$ ! prec$+ week4 ,naturally "o mu/ admit t e>? at ! bottom ( a pond is n s great an elem5t ( beauty z is clean gravel1 b ! advantages are s _m1 t beauty mu/ give way to usefulness4 ,besides ?is1 ,c4 ,c4 ,c4 mu/ "k t x is almo/ impossible to keep ! gravel clean en\gh to look pretty1 :5 ! wat] is inhabit$ by a l>ge numb] ( little fi% :i* are be+ con/antly f$4 ,i _c at all agree ) 8 advice t e>? %\ld be avoid$1 or only us$ :5 necessity dictates4 ,i believe t "o ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( success 9 fi% culture is always to prev5t any disease or mi%ap1 r ?an to wait =1 & !n try to rem$y x4 ,tr\t 9 _! natural surr\nd+s get a dose ( e>? e "t t !re is a spate4 ,x is v evid5t t ! e>? conta9s "s +r$i5ts :i* are n only b5eficial b almo/ a necessity to ! fi%4 ,i h nev] he>d ( e>? z an actual cure = fungus & %\ld h>dly ?9k t x is active en\gh4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no d\bt t x is "o ( ! be/ prev5tatives to fungus1 = if x is prop]ly & freely us$ x /ops all *ance ( any decompos+ mat]ial be+ expos$ to ! action ( ! wat]1 & lay+ ! fi% op5 to ! *ance ( a great _m evils4 ,if suitable e>? is us$ once a week1 & ev5 (t5] on occasions1 x c d no h>m1 & w keep ! fi% safe f a great _m risks besides do+ !m v mat]ial good4 ,i d n ( c\rse mean t ! usual weekly dose %\ld be a l>ge "o1 z ?is w\ld fill up ! pond be=e ! end ( ! season1 b t a small dose %\ld be giv5 g5]ally1 & a l>ge dose occasionally4 ,i am q sure1 too1 t clean e>? ) "s nice we$s gr[+ 9 x1 looks bett] ?an gravel :i* is dirty4 ,gravel %[s ! dirt s mu*1 t x is almo/ impossible to keep x look+ nice :]e !re are _m fi%1 & x also gives ! wat] free access to any decompos+ matt]4 ,i h nev] come across a case ( disease caus$ by ! use ( e>?1 & %\ld l to he> ! details ( ,c4 ,c4 ,c4's exp]i5ces ) reg>d to ?is matt]4 ,,*>les ,,walk]4 ,,index ,advantages ( ra9b[ tr\t1 #gb-e ,air bubble 9 yolk sac1 #dj ,ald]s r\nd re>+ ponds1 #cb at wat] side1 importance (1 #ai ,alev9s1 #ci-da diseases (1 #dj-a ,alp9e *>1 #gh ,am]ican brook tr\t1 #ae re>+ (1 #ge-f spawn+ (1 #gf ,aquatic creatures1 s]v+ z food = fi%1 #aj-b1 #fb-f ,aquatic plants suitable = deep wat]1 #ac suitable = m>g9s1 #ac ,aquatic vegetation1 importance (1 #g developm5t (1 #i ,arrangem5t ( re>+ boxes1 #cd ,artificial spawn+ ( salmon1 #hc-d ,asellus aquaticus1 #fe ,black spott$ tr\t ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 #gf-h ,blue swell+1 #da ,bre$+ *>1 difficulties 91 #gh-hj ,bre$+4 7,see ,re>+47 ,br[n tr\t1 suitable wat] =1 #ad ,bullru%es1 #ac ,byssus1 #cg-h ,caddis-worms1 #fa-c 9 hat*+ trays1 #ch-i ,c>p1 suitable wat] =1 #ah ,*>1 #af1 #gh-hj ,alp9e1 #gh difficulties 9 bre$+1 #gh-hj hat*+ out (1 #gh-i introduction (1 to ! s\?1 #hj k9ds (1 #gh re>+1 #gi-hj suitable wat] =1 #af ,w9d]m]e1 #gh ,*>r+ wood1 importance (1 #cc1 #ej ,*ub1 suitable wat] =1 #ah ,co>se fi%1 #hh-ib ova (1 #ij-a ,colorado ,riv] tr\t1 #gg ,columbia ,riv] tr\t1 #gg ,con*if]a1 #ab ,corix1 #aj1 #di1 #fc ,cov]s = re>+ ponds1 #ca ,creatures1 aquatic1 s]v+ z food = fi%1 #aj-b1 #fa-f ,cr[foot1 wat]1 #ac ,cure = fungus1 #ej ,cut-?roat tr\t1 #gf-h ,cyclops quadricornis1 #ab1 #dh1 #fe-f ,cyprid1 #fe-f ,dace1 #ah1 #hi-ij suitable wat] =1 #ah ,daphnia pulex1 #ab1 #dh1 #fe ,dead alev9s1 removal (1 #da ,dead ova1 removal (1 #cg ,diff]5ce betwe5 beetles & ,corix1 #aa ,diseases ( alev9s1 #dj-a ova1 #cg-i ,dytiscus m>g9alis1 #aa1 #di1 #eh-fj1 #fc ,e>? 9 re>+ boxes1 #df1 #ic-f doses (1 9 re>+ pond1 #ed1 #ic-f ,effects ( s(t food on tr\t1 #bd ,ephem]id1 #ab1 #fd-e l>v (1 #fd-e cat*+ l>v (1 #fd ,fe$+ ( ! fry1 #db-i ,fe$+ ye>l+s1 #fg ,food1 importance (1 9 wat]s1 #e1 #g ,fre%-wat] %rimp1 #aj1 #di1 #fe snails1 #aj-b ,fri5ds & enemies ( ! fi%1 #eh-ff ,fry1 fe$+ (1 #db-i sep>at+ l>ge f small1 #de turn+ out ( re>+ box1 #ea-b ,fungus1 #ch-i cure =1 #ej ,gamm>us pulex1 #aj1 #di1 #fe ,gold-fi%1 suitable wat] =1 #ah ,grannom1 introduction (1 #ab ,grass r\nd re>+ ponds1 #cb ,grayl+1 possible h>m done by1 to tr\t1 #af suitable wat] =1 #ag ,great wat] moss1 #ac ,hat*]y1 suitable spot =1 #ba-f ,hat*+ out *>1 #gh-i ova ( co>se fi%1 #ia-b ,hat*+ trays1 arrangem5t (1 #cd caddis-worms 91 #ch-i con/ruction (1 #cb plac+ ova 91 #cd-f removal (1 #db-c %rimps 91 #cf ,h]ons1 #fj-a ,hydrophilus piceus1 #ei-fj ,important po9ts 9 re>+ "y tr\t1 #ef-g ,inlet to re>+ ponds1 #bi-cj ,k+ c>p1 suitable wat] =1 #ah ,k+fi%]1 #di1 #ec1 #fj ,lake ,tahoe tr\t1 #gg ,lakewort1 #ac ,leaf scre5 to re>+ ponds1 #bi ,lobelia1 wat]1 #ac ,may fly1 introduction (1 #ab ,moss1 great wat]1 #ac ,mussels1 #ab ,nautonecta glauca1 #aj1 #fd ,natural food1 importance (1 #bd natural food = fry1 #dh-i ,nett+ = re>+ ponds1 #ca ,ova b$s1 artificial salmon1 #he ,ova1 c>e (1 #cf-i dead1 removal (1 #cg hat*+ (1 #ci ( co>se fi%1 #ij-a ( sea-tr\t1 #hg plac+ 9 hat*+ trays1 #cd-f ,p]*1 #ai1 #ij-a suitable wat] =1 #ai ,pike1 #ah-i1 #ij-a ,plant+ we$s 9 ponds1 #g 9 /reams1 #h ,ponds = ye>l+s1 #gj-a ,ra9b[ tr\t1 #ad-e1 #gb1 #ge advantage (1 #gb-e fre$om f fungus1 #gc-d re>+ (1 #gb-e suitable wat] =1 #ad spawn+ "t (1 #ba ,re>+1 important po9ts 91 #ef-g ,re>+ box1 arrangem5t (1 #cd con/ruction (1 #ca cov] =1 #ch1 #di ,re>+ *>1 difficulties 91 #gi-hj fry ( salmon1 #he-g fry ( sea-tr\t1 #he-g ra9b[ tr\t1 #gb-e ,re>+ ponds1 ald]s r\nd1 #cb2 grass r\nd1 #cb con/ruction (1 #bb1 #bg-i cov]s =1 #ca gravel 91 #bc importance ( all[+ wat] to run ?r\gh = "s weeks1 #ba inlet to1 #bi-cj nett+ =1 #ca pipes to1 #bb1 #bg removal ( ye>l+s f1 #gj sep>at+ fi% 91 #ed-f size (1 #bc-d use ( e>? 91 #ed1 #ef1 #ic-f vegetation r\nd1 #cc1 #ee will[s r\nd1 #cb1 #ee ,re/ock+1 be/ "t =1 #bd ,rio ,gr&e tr\t1 #gg ,rudd1 #ag1 #hh-i1 #ia suitable wat] =1 #ag ,salmo irideus1 #ad-e1 #gb-e f>io1 #ae mykiss1 #gf-h ,salmon & sea-tr\t1 #ha-g ,salmon1 artificial spawn+ (1 #hc-d artificial ova b$s1 #he mortality among ova & "y fi%1 #ha re>+ fry1 #he-g scale ^u :i* re>+ %\ld be c>ri$ out1 #hc success 9 artificial int]v5tion 9 /ock (1 #ha-b ,salt1 z cure = fungus1 #ej dose (1 = ye>l+s1 #fi-gj ,salvel9us font9alis1 #ae4 7,see ,am]ican brook tr\t47 ,saprolegnia1 #ch-i4 7,see ,fungus47 ,sea-tr\t1 ova (1 #hg re>+ fry (1 #he-g ,sea-wat] z cure = fungus1 #ej ,sep>at+ ye>l+s1 #fh ,%rimp1 fre%-wat]1 #aj1 #di1 #fe ,%rimps 9 hat*+ trays1 #cf ,snails1 fre%-wat]1 #aj-ab ,s(t food1 effects (1 on tr\t1 #bd ,spawn+ "t ( ,am]ican brook tr\t1 #gf ,/ock+ wat]s ) food1 #g ,/onewort1 wat]-1 #ac ,suitable fi% & suitable wat]1 #ad ,tr\t1 collect+ wild ova (1 #bj ova1 managem5t (1 #bj1 #cd-i ,turn+ fry out ( re>+ box1 #ea-b out ye>l+s1 #fh-i ,v>ni%+ wood1 importance (1 #cc1 #ej ,vegetation1 aquatic1 importance (1 #g aquatic1 developm5t (1 #i importance (1 at wat] side1 #ai on banks ( wat]1 #i1 #ai r\nd re>+ ponds1 #cb1 #ee ,wat]-boatman1 #aj1 #fd beetles1 #aa1 #eh-fj1 #fc bugs1 #fc-d cel]y1 #ac cress1 #ac cr[foot1 #ac flea1 #ab1 #dh lilies1 #ac lobelia1 #ac l\se1 #fe scorpion1 #fd />wort1 #ac ,we$s1 importance (1 9 wat]s1 #g plant+ 9 ponds1 #g 9 /reams1 #h ,will[ r\nd re>+ ponds1 #cb1 #ee at wat] side1 #ai ,w9d]m]e *>1 #gh ,ye>l+ tr\t1 #ef ,ye>l+s1 fe$+ (1 #fg removal (1 f re>+ pond1 #gj sep>at+1 #fh turn+ out1 #fh-i ,butl] ,tann]1 ,! ,selwood ,pr9t+ ,works1 ,frome1 & ,london4 ,%oot+ on a ,small ,income ,by ,,*>les ,,walk] ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #es4 ,a pleasant little surprise await$ u :5 we f\nd on our table 444 ',%oot+ on a ,small ,income4' ,! m>k$ individuality ( ?is book lies 9 ! fact t 9 ! c\rse ( #cjj odd pages x gives 9 concise language an enorm\s body ( in=mation fully ju/ify+ ! title *os54444 ,! am\nt ( really useful all-r\nd in=mation pres5t$ 9 su* a readable =m w\ld be almo/ impossible to beat 9 any s+le "w t has come to our notice4--,l& & ,wat]4 ,on ,pla9 & ,peak ,sport 9 ,bohemia & ,tyrol ,by ,,r&olph ,,llewellyn ,,hodgson ,illu/rat$ by ,h4,s4,h4 ,,pr9cess ,,m>y ,,( ,,?urn ,,& ,,taxis1 & f ,photographs ,demy #hvo1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,days 9 ,?ule ) ,rod1 ,gun1 & ,cam]a ,by ,,john ,,bick]dyke ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d42 pap] cov]1 #as4 #f;d4 ,motor ,vehicles & ,motors ,_! ,design1 ,con/ruction1 & ,work+ by ,/eam1 ,oil1 & ,electricity ,by ,w4 ,,worby ,,beaumont ,m4,,in/4,c4,e4 ,m4,,in/4,m4,e4 ,m4,,in/4,e4,e4 ,price #dbs4 net ,ab\t six hundr$ pages & m ?an f\r hundr$ & fifty illu/rations & work+ draw+s4 ,! ,eigh? ,duke ( ,beau=t ,,& ,,! ,,badm9ton ,,hunt ,) a ,sket* ( ! ,rise ( ! ,som]set ,family ,by ,t4 ,f4 ,,dale1 ,m4,a4 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,belvoir ,,hunt1 ,,! ,,game ,,( ,,polo1 ,,etc4 ,demy #hvo1 #bas4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,belvoir ,hunt ,by ,t4 ,f4 ,,dale1 ,m4,a4 ,) #e ,photogravures & #dh ,full-page ,plates1 & #b ,maps ( ! ,c\ntry hunt$1 %[+ all ! pr9cipal meets & hi/oric runs4 ,also ,app5dices giv+ ! ,/ud ,book ,entries f ! ye> #agia to #ahgf1 p$igrees ( celebrat$ h\nds1 & a bibliography4 #a ,vol4 ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 net ,mr4 ,dale's book mu/ be read ?r\gh & ?r\gh--by ! sportsman = pleasure1 ! hi/orian = facts1 & by ! bre$]s ( all animals = ! results ( judici\s mat+4 ,x is ab\t ! be/ "w on a hunt+ subject ev] writt54--,sport+ ,life4 ,he has produc$ a book :i* is mu* m ?an its title promises1 & he has inde$ be5 =tunate 9 8 subject4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,dale's record c5tres ^u ! hunt+ field & k5nel ) scrupul\s c>e = detail t hunt hi/ory dem&s1 he inve/s x ) /rong] claims /ill ^u att5tion4--,bailey's ,magaz9e4 #b ,,:itehall ,,g>d5s1 ,,we/m9/]