,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,trade ,,s*ool ,by ,,m>y ,,s*5ck ,,woolman ,director ( ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool = ,girls ,pr(essor ( ,dome/ic ,art1 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity ,device ,,:itcomb ,,b>r[s #aiaj ,,bo/on ,copyright #aiji ,by ,tea*]s ,college ,?omas ,todd ,co41 ,pr9t]s #ad ,beacon ,/reet ,bo/on ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,,page ,i4 ,,organization ,,& ,,"w #a ,,ii4 ,,repres5tative ,,problems #ch ,,iii4 ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,support #ec ,,iv4 ,,outl9es ,,& ,,detail$ ,,acc\nts ,,( ,,dep>tm5t ,,"w #eh ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,trade ,,s*ool ,,"p ,i ,,organization ,,& ,,"w ,hi/ory ,! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool = ,girls began its "w 9 ,novemb]1 #aijb4 ,! build+ select$ = ! s*ool 0 a l>ge private h\se at #bcc ,we/ #ad? ,/reet1 :i* 0 equipp$ l a factory & c\ld com=tably accommodate #ajj pupils4 ,tra9+ 0 (f]$ 9 a v>iety ( satisfactory trades :i* requir$ ! exp]t use ( ! ne$le1 ! pa/e bru%1 & ! foot & electric p[] sew+ ma*9es4 ,beg9n+ ) tw5ty pupils on its fir/ day1 x 0 b a few mon?s be=e ! full #ajj 7 on roll & o!rs 7 apply+4 ,9 endeavor+ to help all :o desir$ in/ruction ! build+ 0 soon ov]cr[d$4 ,x ?us became evid5t t1 unless increas$ accommodation 0 provid$1 ! numb] already 9 att5dance mu/ be decreas$ & o!rs1 anxi\s = ! tra9+1 mu/ be turn$ away4 ,x 0 decid$ t ev5 ?\gh ! ent]prise 0 "y ! ne$ 0 urg5t1 dem&+ unusual ex]tion4 ,x w\ld !re=e be wise to make e ef=t to pur*ase m commodi\s qu>t]s4 ,9 ,june1 #aijf1 ! s*ool mov$ to a f9e bus9ess build+ at #bji-bac ,ea/ #bc;d ,/reet1 :i* c\ld (f] daily in/ruction to ab\t #ejj girls4 ,! movem5t owes its exi/5ce to ! e>ne/ /udy t a gr\p ( wom5 & m51 int]e/$ 9 philan?ropic1 sociological1 economic1 & educational "w1 gave to ! condition ( ! work+ girl 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,!y 7 all intimately acqua9t$ ) ! difficulties ( ! situation4 ,e>ly 9 ! w9t] ( #aijb ?is committee made a special inve/igation ( ! workrooms ( ,new ,york4 ,!y 7 b ! m conv9c$ t 7#a7 ! wages ( unskill$ labor are decl9+2 7#b7 :ile !re is a good opportunity = highly skill$ labor1 ! supply is inadequate2 7#c7 ! condition ( ! "y1 inexp]t work+ girl mu/ be ameliorat$ by ! spe$y op5+ ( a trade s*ool = ^? :o h rea*$ ! age to obta9 work+ pap]s2 7#d7 if public in/ruction c\ld n imm$iately und]take ! organization ( su* a s*ool1 !n private initiative mu/ d x1 ev5 ?\gh x mu/ dep5d = its support ^u volunt>y contributions4 ,! result 0 t an extreme ef=t 0 put =? & ! foll[+ ,novemb] ! fir/ trade s*ool 9 ,am]ica1 = girls ( f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 0 begun4 ,! fir/ ,bo>d ( ,adm9i/rators1 compos$ l>gely ( memb]s ( ! orig9al committee ( inve/igators1 0 z foll[s3 ,presid5t1 ,miss ,virg9ia ,pott]2 ,vice-,presid5ts1 ,dr4 ,felix ,adl]1 ,mr4 ,john ,graham ,brooks1 ,mrs4 ,!odore ,hellman1 ,mrs4 ,anna ,g>l9 ,sp5c]1 ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,olle%eim]2 ,treasur]1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,phelps ,/okes2 ,secret>y1 ,mr4 ,john ,l4 ,eliot2 ,assi/ant ,secret>y1 ,miss ,l\ise ,b4 ,lockwood2 ,director1 ,pr(essor ,m>y ,s*5ck ,woolman4 ,purpose & ,scope ,! imm$iate purpose ( ! s*ool 0 to tra9 ! y\nge/ & poore/ wage-e>n]s to be self-support+ z quickly z possible4 ,x 0 decid$ to help ! indu/rial work]s r ?an ! comm]cial & pr(essional1 z ! la/ two are already to "s ext5t provid$ = 9 education4 ,! function ( ! s*ool 01 !re=e1 t ( ! ,%ort-,"t ,trade ,s*ool1 :i* w\ld provide ! girl :o mu/ g to "w ! mom5t %e c obta9 h] work+ pap]s 7ab\t f\rte5 ye>s ( age7 ) an enlight5$ appr5tice%ip 9 "s productive occupation4 ,su* tra9+ _c be obta9$ satisfactorily 9 ! m>ket4 ,! immature work]s are pres5t !re 9 su* l>ge numb]s t !y complicate ! indu/rial problem by _! pov]ty & inability1 & ?us t5d to l[] ! wage4 ,jane ,addams1 ( ,hull ,h\se1 ,*icago1 says ^! untra9$ girls ent] indu/ry at its mo/ pa9ful po9t1 :]e ! trades are already s ov]cr[d$ & subdivid$ t !re rema9s 9 !m v little education = ! work]4 ,! s*ool purpos$ to give its help at ?is v po9t4 ,trade1 on its side1 is eag] to h skill$ wom5 directly fitt$ = its workrooms1 b f9ds !m h>d to obta94 ,! s*ool's duty 0 to discov] ! way to meet ?is wi% ( ! employ]s ( labor4 ,x is true t ! utilit>ian & indu/rial education (f]$ by public & private in/ruction has b5efit$ ! home & society1 b su* tra9+ has n met ! problem ( adequately fitt+ = specific employm5ts ! "y work] :o has b a few mon?s to sp>e4 ,! lack 9 ?is in/ruction has be5 9 specific trade application & flexibility z to me?od1 arti/ic ne$s1 & me*anical devices4 ,^! po9ts are ess5tial to place ! girl 9 imm$iate t\* ) h] workroom4 ,!re=e ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool assum$ ! responsibility ( provid+ an economic in/ruction 9 ! practical "w ( v>i\s trades1 ?us supply+ !m ) capable assi/ants4 ,h5ce its purpose diff]$ n only f ! m g5]al in/ruction ( ! usual te*nical in/itution1 b also f ^? s*ools :i* (f]$ specific tra9+ 9 "o trade 7su* z dressmak+71 9 t x 7#a7 (f]$ help to ! y\nge/ wage-e>n]s1 7#b7 gave ! *oice among _m trades1 & 7#c7 held ! firm conviction t ! adequate prep>ation ( successful work]s requires m factors ( in/ruction ?an ! tra9+ = skill alone4 ,! ideals ( ! s*ool 7 ! foll[+3 7#a7 to tra9 a girl t %e may become self-support+2 7#b7 to furni% a tra9+ :i* %all enable ! work] to %ift f "o occupation to ano!r alli$ occupation1 i4 e41 ela/icity2 7#c7 to tra9 a girl to und]/& h] relation to h] employ]1 to h] fell[-work]1 & to h] product2 7#d7 to tra9 a girl to value heal? & to "k h[ to keep & improve x2 7#e7 to tra9 a girl to utilize h] =m] education 9 su* necess>y bus9ess processes z belong to h] workroom2 7#f7 to develop a bett] woman :ile mak+ a successful work]2 7#g7 to tea* ! community at l>ge h[ be/ to accompli% su* tra9+1 i4 e41 to s]ve z a model ^: advice & help w\ld facilitate ! f\nd+ ( ! be/ k9d ( s*ools = ! l[e/ rank ( wom5 work]s4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool aim$ to f9d a way 7#a7 to improve ! work]1 physically1 m5tally1 morally1 & f9ancially2 7#b7 to bett] ! conditions ( labor 9 ! workroom2 7#c7 to raise ! "* ( ! indu/ries & ! conditions ( ! homes1 & 7#d7 to %[ t su* education c\ld be practically und]tak5 by public in/ruction4 ,! f\r aims are really "o1 = ! bett] work]s %\ld improve ! product1 make high] wages1 react advantage\sly on ! indu/rial situation & on ! home1 & ! c\rse ( in/ruction =mulat$ to accompli% ?is end w\ld help 9 ! fur!r introduction ( su* tra9+4 ,x 0 n expect$ t immature girls ( f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s ( age w\ld1 imm$iately on ent]+ ! m>ket1 make l>ge sal>ies or be broad-m9d$ citiz5s4 ,! hope 0 to give !m a f\ndation :i* w\ld enable !m to adapt !mselves to situations be/ fitt$ to _! abilities & to make possible a /eady advance t[>d bett] occupations1 wages1 & liv+4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 ea* girl on ent]+ ! s*ool mu/ be reg>d$ z hav+ capacity = "s special occupation4 ,?is aptitude mu/ be discov]$ t %e may be plac$ :]e %e c atta9 h] highe/ effici5cy z rapidly z possible4 ,%e mu/ be treat$ individually1 n z "o ( a class4 ,h] own ef=ts mu/ be awak5$1 h] h&icaps1 su* z inadequate heal? & unadaptable education1 mu/ be remov$1 & h] tra9+ proce$ 9 a way to give h] possession ( h] p[]s4 ,conditions among ! ,work]s ,! conditions ( life among _m ( ! wage-e>n]s ( ,new ,york ,city are1 briefly /at$1 z foll[s3 ,?\s&s ( families are s poor t ! *ildr5 mu/ g to "w ! mom5t ! compulsory s*ool ye>s are ov]4 ,9 #ahig1 #ad1ijj boys & girls dropp$ f ! fif? s*ool grade1 mo/ ( !m go+ to "w f necessity m or less press+4 ,to rise to important positions 9 factories1 workrooms1 or dep>tm5t /ores w require a practical comb9ation ( any ne$$ craft ) ! ability to utilize _! s*ool education 9 rapid d$uctions1 bus9ess lett]s1 acc\nts1 & trade transactions4 ,! public s*ool (f]s su* *ildr5 a g5]al education :i* w be complet$ 9 ! eigh? grade1 b ! majority leave be=e t "t4 ,= v>y+ reasons1 su* z _! =eign bir?1 irregul> att5dance1 ! impossibility ( mu* p]sonal att5tion 9 ! cr[d$ classes ( a great city1 poor conditions ( heal?1 & ! desire ( ! pupils to escape ! r\t9e ( s*ool z soon z ! law w all[1 ! great] numb] ( !m1 :o g e>ly into trade1 h n _h a satisfactory education = help+ !m 9 _! work+ life4 ,ye> aft] ye> are !y f\nd want+1 & yet "y work]s /ill come f ! s*ools at f\rte5 ) poor heal?1 little available h& skill1 unprep>$ to write bus9ess lett]s or to express !mselves cle>ly ei!r by tongue or p51 un9t]e/$ 9 ! daily news except 9 p]sonal or tragic ev5ts1 unaw>e ( municipal conditions affect+ !m1 ignorant ( ! simple t]ms ( bus9ess life1 & ) _! ari?metic unavailable = use1 ev5 9 ! simple fundam5tal processes :5 complicat$ ) details ( trade4 ,! me*anical processes1 !re=e1 :i* !y d "k are n[ useless unless !y c fir/ ?9k out ! problem4 ,^! boys & girls h no regret at leav+ ! s*ools1 & are1 z a rule1 glad to get to "w4 ,! trag$y ( life1 h[ev]1 beg9s :5 !y become wage-e>n]s1 = !y are only fitt$ = unskill$ & poorly paid positions4 ,a little f\rte5-ye>-old girl f9ds x difficult to obta9 a satisfactory occupation 9 ! teem+ workrooms ( ,new ,york4 ,%e1 or "s memb] ( h] family1 eag]ly se>*es ! adv]tis+ %eet ( "o ( ! daily pap]s4 ,mo/ ( ! ,wants are entirely beyond h] crude p[]s to supply4 ,an unskill$ work] is p]haps desir$ 9 "s bus9ess h\se1 b ! applicant f9ds t hundr$s ( o!r girls are flock+ to obta9 ! same position1 & h] *ance is too remote = hope4 ,or p]haps1 aft] we>y days ( w&]+ ab\t f place to place1 %e is recomm5d$ to ! boss ( "s %op1 & f9ds h]self 9 ! mid/ ( ma*9es :i* ru% =w>d at #d1jjj or m /it*es a m9ute4 ,%e assi/s a busy work] on m5's %irts1 h] duty be+ to p9 p>ts toge!r1 to f9i% (f1 or to run err&s4 ,f e>ly morn+ to late aft]noon1 ) an int]val = lun*1 %e mu/ be ready to l5d a h&4 ,%e c get at be/ b #b4ej or #c4jj p] week4 ,no rise is possible 9 ?is %op unless %e c "w well on a ma*9e4 ,h] fell[-work]s are too busy to tea* h]1 = ea* mom5t's pause means r$uction 9 _! little wage4 ,p]haps %e does p]si/ & f9ally c control a ma*9e4 ,by le>n+ to d "o ?+ rapidly %e c obta9 a bett] wage1 b two or ev5 m ye>s 9 trade (t5 pass be=e %e c e>n five doll>s a week4 ,aft] sev]al seasons sp5t 9 do+ ! same process ?\s&s ( times1 h] desire = new "w becomes dead5$1 & %e is afraid to attempt any?+ diff]5t f h] "o set task4 ,%e usually refuses to try m advanc$ "w1 ev5 if (f]$ a good sal>y :ile %e is le>n+1 = %e has lo/ h] ability to pu% ahead4 ,9 g5]al1 x may be said t ! untra9$ girl has to take ! be/ place %e c f9d1 )\t ref]5ce to h] ability1 h] physical condition1 or h] incl9ation4 ,! mo/ desirable trades are seldom op5 to h]1 = !y require work]s ( exp]i5ce1 or1 at lea/1 ^? :o h _h recogniz$ in/ruction4 ,ev5 if a gre5 girl ent]s a skill$ trade1 %e _c rise easily 9 x1 & is apt to be dropp$ out at ! fir/ slack season4 ,! sort ( positions op5 to h] h usually little future1 z !y are isolat$ occupations t d n lead to m advanc$ "w4 ,illu/rations ( ^! employm5ts are wrapp+ braid1 sort+ silk1 runn+ err&s1 ty+ fr+e1 tak+ out & putt+ 9 buttons 9 a laundry1 dipp+ c&y1 assort+ lamps1 mak+ cig>ettes1 t5d+ a ma*9e1 & ty+ up packages4 ,^! "y1 unskill$ girls w&] f "o ( ^! occupations to ano!r2 _! sal>ies1 nev] runn+ high1 rise & fall accord+ to ! ne$ felt = ! work]1 & n because h] increas+ ability is a factor 9 h] trade life4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s sp5t 9 ! m>ket1 %e is little bett] (f ?an at h] entrance4 ,"s ,difficulties ( ,organization ,x 0 to relieve ?is s]i\s situation t ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool 0 f\nd$4 ,x began its "w 9 ! face ( great disc\ragem5ts4 ,employ]s 7 prejudic$ aga9/ su* in/ruction1 = girls tra9$ 9 =m] te*nical s*ools _h n giv5 satisfaction 9 ! workrooms4 ,! p>5ts ( ! pupils felt t !y c\ld n sacrifice !mselves fur!r ?an ! end ( ! compulsory s*ool ye>s1 b mu/ !n s5d _! *ildr5 into wage-e>n+ positions4 ,x 0 impossible to obta9 /ate or municipal aid1 & x 0 kn[n t ! exp]im5t mu/ be co/ly1 =3 7#a7 ,a trade s*ool mu/ be op5 all ! ye> = day classes1 & = night "w :5 ne$$ 7s*ools usually are op5 f eight to t5 mon?s74 7#b7 ,! "w mu/ be done on correct mat]ials1 :i* are (t5 exp5sive & p]i%able2 b pupils are too poor to provide !m1 !re=e ! s*ool mu/ plan to d s4 7#c7 ,! sup]visors mu/ be well educat$1 ) a broad-m9d$ view ( indu/ry1 capable ( orig9al ?\ght1 & hav+ a practical k ( trade requirem5t 7wom5 ( su* calib] c always comm& ! be/ sal>ies74 ,! tea*]s & =ewom5 also mu/ comb9e tea*+ ability ) compet5ce 9 _! workrooms2 b z ! m>ket wi%es a simil> class ( s]vice & gives excell5t wages to obta9 x1 ! s*ool mu/ (f] a l or ev5 a l>g] am\nt4 7#d7 ,tea*]s ( highly skill$ indu/ries are exp]t1 usually1 9 b ! "o occupation1 su* z /raw hat mak+ by electric ma*9e or jewelry box mak+2 consequ5tly1 ev5 if ! /ud5t body is small1 ! tea*+ =ce c seldom be r$uc$ )\t cutt+ (f an entire dep>tm5t or a trade4 ,a trade s*ool diff]s f ! high s*ool 9 ?is p>ticul>1 = 9 ! latt]1 :5 necess>y1 two or m academic subjects c be taught by ! same in/ructor4 ,ano!r difficulty confront+ ! s*ool at ! beg9n+ 01 t :ile num]\s occupations 9 ,new ,york are op5 to wom51 !re 0 reason to ?9k t "s ( ^! 7 n well adapt$ to !m4 ,little 0 kn[n at t "t ( ! trades (f]+ opportunities = good wages1 /eady rise to bett] positions1 satisfactory sanit>y conditions1 & mod]ate h\rs ( labor2 ( ! physical effect ( _m ( ! popul> occupations2 ( ! specific requirem5ts ( ea* k9d ( employm5t2 ( ! effect ( ! work+ girls 9 _! workrooms & 9 _! homes2 ( _! heal? & h[ to improve x2 ( ! ne$s & wi%es ( ! employ]s2 ( ! relation ( ! ,trade ,union to trade in/ruction1 & ( labor legislation already op]ative or :i* %\ld be fur!r$4 ,be=e decid+ on c\rses ( in/ruction 9 ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool "s accurate k ( ^! facts _h to be obta9$4 ,selection ( ,trades ,! selection ( def9ite trades 0 made aft] five mon?s ( inve/igation 9 ! factories1 workrooms1 & dep>tm5t /ores ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,9 g5]al1 x c be said ( ! occupations *os5 t !y employ l>ge numb]s ( wom52 require exp]t work]s2 tra9+ = !m is difficult to obta92 !re is *ance )9 !m = rise to bett] positions2 ! wages are good1 & favorable conditions1 bo? physical & moral1 prevail 9 ! workrooms4 ,"s trades employ+ wom5 7 reject$1 z !y fail$ to meet necess>y requirem5ts1 :ile o!rs 7 n *os51 z !re 0 little *ance 9 !m to rise on acc\nt ( m5's trades int]v5+4 ,slack seasons occurr+ 9 _m o!rwise good employm5ts 7 consid]$1 & plans 7 made :]eby ! work] c\ld be enabl$ to %ift to ano!r alli$ trade :5 h] own 0 slack4 ,if a girl ga9s complete control ( h] tool %e c adapt h]self to o!r occupations 9 :i* x is us$ ) less difficulty ?an %e c *ange to a trade requir+ ano!r tool4 ,wom5's indu/ries1 to a great ext5t1 c5t] ar\nd ! skill$ use ( a few tools4 ,^! tools 7 select$ z c5t]s ( ! s*ool activities1 & ! connect$ trades 7 radiat$ f !m4 ,! mo/ skill$ occupations 7 f\nd to require ! use ( ! sew+ ma*9e1 foot & electric p[]1 ! pa9t bru%1 ! pa/e bru%1 & ! ne$le4 ,/ati/ics %[ t tea*+ ! use ( ?is la/ tool w affect ov] "o-half ( ! wom5 wage-e>n]s ( ,new ,york1 ( :om !re are at lea/ #cgj1jjj4 ,9 addition to ! g5]al s*eme ( fitt+ a work] s t %e may take up ano!r alli$ occupation 9 slack seasons1 specific tra9+ = ?is purpose is giv5 to ^? /ud5ts :o *oose trades :]e ! busy season is %ort & ( frequ5t recurr5ce4 ,trade ,c\rses ,! curriculum includes in/ruction 9 ! foll[+ trades2 ! c\rses are %ort & ! tea*+ is 9 trade l9es3 ,i4 ,use ( electric p[] sew+ ma*9es4 #a4 ,g5]al ,op]at+--7*eap] v>iety ( "w--seasonal2 fair wages4 ,bett] grade ( "w--ye> r\nd1 fair & good wages1 piece or week "w73 ,%irtwai/s1 *ildr5's dresses 7clo? & cotton71 boys' wai/s1 infants' we>1 *ildr5's clo?+1 wom5's und]we>1 fancy petticoats1 kimonos & dress+ sacques4 #b4 ,special ,ma*9es--7seasonal to ye> r\nd "w1 dep5d+ on k9d & dem&1 wages good73 ,lace /it*1 hem/it*+1 buttonhole1 embroid]y 7h& & ,bonnaz71 & scallop+4 #c4 ,dressmak+ ,op]at+--7ye> r\nd1 wages good73 ,l+]ie1 fancy wai/s & suits4 #d4 ,/raw ,sew+--7excell5t wages = a %ort season1 b ! work] c !n return to good wages 9 g5]al op]at+73 ,wom5's & m5's hats4 ,,ii4 ,use ( ! ne$le & foot p[] sew+ ma*9es4 #a4 ,dress & ,g>m5t ,mak+--7seasons n9e to elev5 mon?s1 & fair to good wages73 ,uni=ms & aprons1 :ite "w & simple :ite embroid]y1 gymnasium & swimm+ suits 7:olesale & cu/om71 l+]ie1 dress embroid]y1 dressmak+ 7pla9 & fancy74 #b4 ,mill9]y--7%ort seasonal "w1 l[ wages1 difficult = ! av]age "y work] to rise73 ,trimm+s & frame mak+4 #c4 ,lamp%ade & ,c&le%ade ,mak+--7seasonal "w1 fair pay74 ,?is trade supplem5ts ! ,mill9]y4 ,,iii4 ,use ( pa/e & glue3 #a4 ,sample m\nt+ 7virtually ye> "w1 fair wages74 #b4 ,sample book cov]s1 label+1 tissue pap] novelties & decorations 7seasonal & ye> r\nd "w1 good wages74 #c4 ,novelty "w 7ye> r\nd "w1 *ang$ )9 workroom to meet dem&1 wages good74 #d4 ,jewelry & silv]w>e case mak+ 7ye> r\nd "w1 wages good74 ,,iv4 ,use ( bru% & p5cil 7ye> r\nd "w1 good wages73 ,special elem5t>y art trades1 p]=at+ & /amp+1 co/ume sket*+1 photograph & slide ret\*+4 ,note4 ,ye> r\nd "w1 9 g5]al1 includes a holiday ( long] or %ort] duration1 usually )\t pay4 ,entrance ,plans ,! s*ool is op5 ?r\gh\t ! ye> 9 ord] to tra9 girls :5ev] !y come--! summ] mon?s be+ slack 9 mo/ trades are especially desirable = in/ruction4 ,! tuition is free1 & 9 cases ( extreme necessity a committee gives ,/ud5ts' ,aid1 9 proportion to ! ne$4 ,entrance to day classes = girls :o are f f\rte5 to sev5te5 ye>s ( age & :o c %[ _! work+ pap]s or be able to produce docum5t>y evid5ce ( age1 if "u sixte51 c occur any week4 ,ea* girl :o ent]s1 aft] select+ h] trade1 is giv5 a typewritt5 pap] %[+ ! possible /eps ( advance 9 h] *os5 c\rse4 ,%e takes ?is home 9 ord] t ! family may "k :at is be=e h]4 ,%e c by special ef=t or by outside /udy less5 ! l5g? ( h] tra9+4 ,! fir/ mon? 9 ! s*ool is a te/ "t4 ,if ! girl %[s ! ne$$ qualities %e is all[$ to cont9ue4 ,dur+ ! mon? ( trial h] in/ructors decide :at %e ne$s & if h] *os5 trade is ! be/ = h]4 ,! "r is res]v$ to make a complete *ange if h] heal? w n /& ! "o %e desires1 if %e has no ability = x1 or if %e gives evid5ce ( special tal5t 9 ano!r direction4 ,indu/rial ,intellig5ce ,e /ud5t has1 z a "p ( h] trade education1 su* academic "w1 art1 & physical tra9+ z seems necess>y2 :5 %e passes c]ta9 /&>ds %e is !n all[$ to devote full "t to h] select$ occupation4 ,x is n possible = a work] :o has skill ) ! h& & no education to back x up to rise f> 9 h] trade4 ,!re is _m a trag$y 9 ! m>ket ( ! woman ^: poor e>ly education prev5t$ h] f gett+ ahead4 ,accurate expression1 :e!r oral or writt51 ! use ( ari?metic 9 simple trade transactions or detail$ acc\nts1 ! ability to grasp ! important factors 9 any situation & !n to g to "w )\t wa/e ( "t or motion1 are requir$ = positions ( tru/ & = sup]vision 9 any workroom4 ,x 0 soon discov]$ t ! girls ent]+ ! s*ool "k ari?metic 9 an ab/ract way1 b are at sea :5 ask$ to meet ! ord9>y trade problems4 ,!y are inaccurate 9 read+ & copy+2 !y _c write a lett] ( application1 conduct correspond5ce1 make out *ecks1 or keep simple acc\nts4 ,!y are ignorant ( ! laws already made :i* conc]n !m & ( _! own relation to future laws4 ,!y h no ideals 9 _! trade life4 ,!y ne$ to see ! relation ( _! *os5 trade to ! c\ntry1 ( _! "w to _! employ]'s success1 ! effect !y may h 9 br++ ab\t a bett] feel+ betwe5 ! employ] & ! wage-e>n]4 ,a practical1 imm$iately available bus9ess education is absolutely ess5tial to make workwom5 ( executive ability4 ,!re=e specific trade in/ruction 9 ari?metic1 ,engli%1 hi/ory1 geography1 & civics 0 plann$ to supplem5t & enri* ! trade c\rses4 ,/eady progress has be5 made 9 det]m9+ ! k9d ( cultural trade in/ruction :i* w be/ assi/ su* "y wage-e>n]s4 ,a new field 9 practical education _h to be op5$1 & subject matt] :i* c\ld be ( s]vice 9 ! workrooms select$ f x4 ,! _m trades ( ! s*ool _h to be /udi$ 9 ord] to "k _! ne$s4 ,! "w has gr[n m valuable ea* ye> & has prov$ itself to be a truly necess>y "p ( ! curriculum4 ,a concrete evid5ce ( its wor? is ! fact t _m ( ! girls 9 slack seasons h tak5 cl]ical positions & h be5 complim5t$ on _! grasp ( ! subject1 _! ord]l9ess1 _! ability to ?9k1 & _! reliability4 ,naturally all dep>tm5ts unite to develop "* 9 ! /ud5ts1 b ! ,academic ,dep>tm5t feels ?is to be a special aim4 ,pleasure 9 ! subject ( in/ruction1 foll[$ by m5tal & moral improvem5t1 has indicat$ cle>ly t ! academic dullness :i* is %[n at entrance comes frequ5tly f lack ( motive 9 =m] /udies4 ,! int]e/ is all ! m enc\rag+ z !re are _m h&icaps 9 ! tea*+1 = ! /ud5ts ent] at any "t1 are grad$ by ! trades !y select1 & are plac$ 9 ! m>ket z quickly z possible2 h5ce ! "w _c be uni=m 9 its advance4 ,nor is ! academic "w a help to ! girls 9 _! bus9ess life only1 = su* subjects z ! keep+ ( acc\nts1 ! consid]ation ( ! co/ ( liv+1 & ! value & price ( mat]ials are ( direct use also 9 home life4 ,trade ,art ,in/ruction ,c\rses 9 ,trade ,art 7 also organiz$ z a fundam5tal "p ( ! in/ruction4 ,ea* trade has its own art1 & ! s*ool has tri$ to adapt ! "w 9 ! /udios to ea* diff]5t occupation4 ,x recognizes t ! art appli$ 9 dressmak+ diff]s f t 9 mill9]y1 & ?is aga9 f t requir$ = decorat+ jewelry boxes & cal5d>s4 ,x consequ5tly (f]s ea* /ud5t ! k9d ( elem5t>y art tra9+ ne$$ 9 h] trade4 ,! "t is too %ort to develop design]s1 b x does help a girl to be m exact1 res\rceful1 & useful 9 h] workroom1 & (t5 enables h] to make a high] wage4 ,a work] :o c place trimm+1 adapt designs to new purposes1 /amp patt]ns1 draw copies ( g>m5ts1 & comb9e color attractively is especially desirable 9 h] *os5 employm5t4 ,heal? ,! "y wage-e>n] ( ,new ,york is mu* h&icapp$ by h] poor physical condition2 h]$ity1 poor habits ( life1 & unsanit>y homes %[ _! effects ^u h]4 ,! girls :o come to ! s*ool are "y en\gh to rem$y _m ( _! defects4 ,9 a few mon?s !y w be 9 positions dem&+ eight or m h\rs a day1 9 :i* !y mu/ /ra9 e n]ve & b5d all ( _! en]gies to meet ! /&>d br\ght ab\t by trade competition4 ,! ,physical ,dep>tm5t ( ! s*ool /udies ! heal? ( ea* girl & tra9s h] to c>e adequately = x4 ,! specific treatm5t ne$$ by "s ( ! /ud5ts takes !m _m h\rs a week f _! dep>tm5t "w4 ,:ile ?is has its disadvantages1 x is felt to be m important to improve ! physical condition ?an to develop skill alone :5 ! heal? is too poor to /& ! /ra9 ( exact+ positions4 ,x is (t5 difficult at fir/ to p]suade p>5ts t su* close att5tion to heal? is necess>y4 ,! results1 h[ev]1 9 ! majority ( cases h prov$ ! wisdom ( ?is proc$ure4 ,imm$iately aft] ent]+ ! s*ool & be+ assign$ to a dep>tm5t ea* girl mu/ report to ! s*ool physician4 ,beg9n+ ) ! family hi/ory1 a complete record ( all ! important ev5ts relat+ to h] physical life is tak54 ,%e is closely que/ion$ z to all bodily functions1 & a c>eful record is kept ( irregul>ities4 ,eyes1 e>s1 tee?1 nose1 ?roat1 & feet are likewise exam9$1 & measurem5ts are tak5 ( height1 weight1 & ! pr9cipal expansions4 ,aft] ! exam9ation1 in/ruction z to treatm5t is giv51 if any is ne$$4 ,! "w 9 ! gymnasium has ?ree purposes3 invigorative1 reactive1 & corrective4 ,e girl :o is n re/rict$ on acc\nt ( physical defects takes ! prescrib$ gymna/ic "w4 ,nor has ?is a physical effect only1 = ?r\gh ! active games su* qualities z judgm5t & accuracy1 self-control1 & ! h>moni\s work+ ) o!rs are develop$4 ,sl[1 unc]ta91 vague movem5ts d5ote lack ( m5tal quickness & /r5g?4 ,motor activity1 rightly direct$1 leads to poise ( m9d z well z ( body4 ,^! girls live mo/ly 9 cr[d$ localities ( ! city1 :]e free ex]cise is unkn[n4 ,! s*ool aims1 z f> z possible1 to supply ! lack ( :olesome outdoor life & give joy\s active ex]cise4 ,talks on hygi5e are a regul> "p ( ! "w & aim3 7#a7 to give ea* girl a k ( h] body & ( its functions :i* w enable h] to c>e = h] heal? 9 an intellig5t mann]2 7#b7 to %[ h] ! relation ( food & its prep>ation to h] physical condition2 7#c7 to e/abli% 9 h] m9d ideals ( correct liv+ :i* c be made practical 9 h] surr\nd+s2 & 7#d71 recogniz+ ! "r & desire ( e girl = amusem5t1 to create a love = :olesome & simple pleasures t w take ! place ( ! too /r5u\s & (t5 unwise recreations :i* t5d to und]m9e ! heal? ( ! girl :o works4 ,! ,lun*room & ! ,cook+ ,classes ,f ! op5+ ( ! s*ool1 hot s\p1 hot *ocolate1 or cold milk _h be5 s]v$ daily1 at two c5ts a cup1 to ^? wi%+ to supplem5t ! cold lun* :i* !y _h br\ght f _! homes4 ,! tea*]s also _h an opportunity ( buy+ a simple1 hot meal :i* 0 prep>$ by "o ( _! numb]1 assi/$ by /ud5ts :o aid$ 9 ! prep>ation1 s]v+1 & cle>+ away4 ,at fir/ ! av]age girl felt %e c\ld n give mu* "t to h] trade tra9+1 consequ5tly su* "t _h to be devot$ to mak+ h] able to comm& a liv+ wage4 ,! hope1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! future ! opportunity w\ld come = (f]+ increas$ dome/ic tra9+ 0 nev] =gott54 ,! op5+ at ! s*ool ( a tempor>y workroom = unemploy$ wom5 dur+ ! f9ancial /ress ( #aijh provid$ !m ) regul> "w & pay4 ,x 0 advisable also to s]ve n\ri%+ lun*es daily to ^! und]f$ work]s4 ,!re 0 already a simple lun*room 9 ! basem5t ( ! s*ool1 conta9+ su* b>e necessities z pla9 tables on horses1 long wood5 b5*es1 a gas /ove ) f\r burn]s1 a few cook+ ut5sils1 & a closet fill$ ) inexp5sive *9a4 ,! complete co/ ( equipm5t _h be5 #cjj4 ,! s*ool 0 n[1 h[ev]1 face to face ) ! ne$ to fe$ daily m ?an #ejj p--tea*]s1 work]s1 & /ud5ts--& yet no additional money c\ld be sp5t = equipm5t4 ,! necessity 0 s great1 h[ev]1 t 9 addition to ! usual lun*es a hot1 n\ri%+ meal 0 giv5 daily to ! hundr$ work]s 9 ! tempor>y workroom1 = :i* !y paid "o-half ( ! price ( mat]ials4 ,) ?is inauguration ( regul> cook+ x seem$ especially desirable to take ! opportunity ( tra9+ at lea/ "s ( ! /ud5ts 9 ! selection1 c>e1 & prep>ation ( food4 ,! majority ( ^! girls w be ! mo!rs ( ! next g5]ation1 & yet !y "k no?+ ( food values or food prep>ation4 ,?is is evid5t f ! daily lun*es !y br+ & f _! discussions 9 ! class on hygi5e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 girls :o c rema9 b a few mon?s 9 ! s*ool h a s]i\s ne$ to face1 t ( self-support1 = ! wage = unskill$ girls 7#c4jj7 is n suffici5t to live on ) dec5cy4 ,! physical1 m5tal1 & moral future ( ^! "y girls dem&s t !y %\ld be able to make m ?an ?is pittance4 ,9 ! few mon?s dur+ :i* ! majority are 9 att5dance bo? a trade tra9+ & a k ( cook+ _c be giv51 !re=e ! =m] mu/ take ! prec$5ce4 ,! s*ool has be5 able to prove1 h[ev]1 t girls educat$ !re c comm& a fair wage 9 trade1 b t a long] "t giv5 to ?is tra9+ w enable !m to obta9 bett] positions & sal>ies4 ,h5ce an increas+ numb] h be5 will+ to rema9 long]1 giv+ ev5 a ye> or m to prep>ation4 ,x 0 ) ?is latt] class t ! "t 0 ripe to (f] "s tra9+ 9 lun*room cook]y :i* c\ld tea* !m :at c\ld be procur$ at l[ prices & yet be n\ri%+2 h[ to prep>e food at home1 & h[ to use ! hot table (t5 f\nd 9 an up-to-date factory4 ,= ?is purpose1 !re=e1 "s simple additional equipm5t 0 in/all$ & a daily m5u 0 (f]$1 compris+ inexp5sive1 attractive1 :olesome di%es1 at ! l[e/ possible co/4 ,_m ( ! /ud5ts c>e = s little v>iety 9 food t all ( ! necess>y elem5ts = build+ /rong1 heal?y bodies are n suppli$1 h5ce !y are "u-n\ri%$4 ,!y require enc\ragem5t to ev5 try ! food :i* is ess5tial = improv+ _! physical condition4 ,! girls h tak5 great int]e/ 9 _! lun*room cook]y4 ,!y appreciate ! inexp5sive m5us & admire ! simple table decorations4 ,gradually !y h giv5 up sp5d+ _! few p5nies = poor fruit1 cake1 or c&y at "s *eap %op1 & n[ pur*ase n\ri%+ di%es cook$ by ! /ud5ts at ! s*ool4 ,! cook+ c\rse connects directly ) ! talks on hygi5e4 ,! plan ( "w is ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,tw5ty girls are *os5 at "o "t4 ,^! "w 9 two gr\ps ( t5 ea*1 & = six weeks h daily "o-h\r lessons4 ,?is gives !m ?irty lessons1 :i* is almo/ equival5t to :at ! public s*ool (f]s 9 a ye>1 b1 be+ conc5trat$ into daily "w & practical use 9 ! lun*room1 is ( equal1 if n great]1 efficacy4 7#b7 ,! /ud5ts set ! tables1 cook a def9ite "p ( ! lun*1 di% ! articles1 prep>e ! c\nt]s1 sell ! v>i\s di%es1 keep & report sales1 & cle> ! c\nt]s aft]w>d4 ,! gr\ps alt]nate 9 ord] t prep>+ food1 wat*+ its progress1 & tak+ x f ! /ove may be done by all ) a m9imum loss ( "t f _! trade in/ruction4 7#c7 ,! selection ( girls to take ! c\rse is made f 7a7 ^? :o c rema9 long en\gh 9 ! s*ool to comb9e trade tra9+ ) ! simple cook+ c\rse1 7b7 ^? :o h su* poor heal? t a k ( :at to eat & h[ to cook x is ! fir/ consid]ation1 & 7c7 ^? :o are already little h\sekeep]s 9 _! homes1 z _! mo!rs are incapacitat$ or dead4 ,aft] sev]al mon?s ( exp]i5ce x 0 felt t ! six weeks ( con/ant practice 0 well wor? :ile4 ,m elaborate c\rses ( cook]y w\ld dem& a m ?or\gh kit*5 equipm5t1 entail+ mu* exp5se1 & w\ld require /ud5ts to rema9 a long] "t 9 s*ool4 ,) ! pres5t arrangem5t !y le>n ! mo/ important cook+ processes 9 a v practical way1 & discuss ! relation ( food to !mselves & to _! families4 ,trade ,ord]s ,! h&work 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts falls into ?ree grades3 #a4 ,practice "w1 :i* n be+ up to ! /&>d is ripp$ up & us$ aga94 #b4 ,seconds2 fair "w1 n q up to ! s*ool /&>d = trade "w4 ,?is is sold at co/ to ! /ud5ts or to ne$y in/itutions4 #c4 ,trade "w2 up to ! /&>d4 ,?is is sold to ! trade or to private cu/om]s at regul> m>ket prices4 ,?is feature ( ! s*ool "w1 entail+1 z x does1 ! tak+ ( _m v>ieties ( ord]s f ! outside factories & workrooms1 has prov$ itself to be an important educational factor4 ,aft] six ye>s ( exp]i5ce 9 utiliz+ ord]s f ! outside workrooms1 x c be said t ?is "p ( ! in/ruction s]ves ! foll[+ purposes3 7#a7 ,x provides ! /ud5ts ) adequate exp]i5ce on classes ( mat]ial us$ 9 ! be/ workrooms2 ^! girls c\ld n pur*ase su* mat]ials & ! s*ool c\ld n af=d to buy !m = practice4 7#b7 ,! ord9>y conditions 9 bo? ! :olesale & ! cu/om trade are ?us made a fundam5tal "p ( ! in/ruction4 ,reality ( ?is k9d helps ! sup]visors to judge ! product f its trade value 7amateur "w w ?us be reject$71 & ! tea*+ f ! k9d ( work]s turn$ out4 ,?r\gh ! bus9ess relation ! /ud5ts quickly feel ! necessity ( good f9i%1 rapid "w1 & responsibility to deliv] on "t4 7#c7 ,! ord]s br+ 9 a money return & ?us aid ! s*ool 9 ! exp5se = mat]ial4 7#d7 ,! bus9esslike appe>ance ( ! %ops at "w on ! ord]s & ! exp]i5ce trade has _h ) ! product h increas$ ! confid5ce ( employ]s ( labor 9 ! ability ( ! s*ool to tra9 practical work]s = ! trades4 ,! s*ool is con/antly urg$ by trade to increase its ord] "w1 b its unfalt]+ policy is to take only ! am\nt ne$$ = educational purposes4 7#e7 ,! bus9ess organization & managem5t requir$ 9 ! adequate conduct ( a l>ge ord] dep>tm5t c itself be utiliz$ = educational purposes1 & has its value = tra9+ /ud5ts :o %[ promise ( becom+ good /ock cl]ks4 ,trade work]s are employ$ 9 ! bus9ess %ops connect$ ) ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts4 ,^! assi/ants h prov$ _! value 9 mak+ ! be/ utilization ( ! ord] "w4 ,!y facilitate ! completion ( ! "w on "t & help tra9 ! girls to feel responsible = _! %>e ( x4 ,z ! /ud5ts "w sl[ly at fir/1 & z _! h\rs 9 ! %ops are int]rupt$ by o!r /udies1 ! trade work]s1 :5 necess>y1 cont9ue ) or complete ! articles :ile ! girls are abs5t4 ,!y make possible ! tradelike organization ( ! %ops1 = ea* "o has ar\nd h] h] own little gr\ps ( assi/ants1 & %e tea*es !m :ile %e also works4 ,con/ant repetition ( ! same process ceases1 aft] a "t1 to be valuable to a /ud5t1 h5ce h] "t mu/ n be wa/$ by too simple "w or by unnecess>y details4 ,x (t5 happ5s also t an article may require exp]t "w 9 its completion :i* ! /ud5ts _c yet d2 ! trade work]s select = ea* girl ! process :i* w be ( value to h]1 & !n d ! "w ! /ud5ts _c d or %\ld n d4 ,! foll[+ li/s w %[ ! class ( ord]s :i* h be5 dem&$ by trade & turn$ out by ! s*ool3 ,op]at+ ,dep>tm5t ,ord]s3 #a4 ,trade ,"w3 ,ribbon run on webb+ = susp5d]s1 infants' dresses--eight diff]5t /yles1 *ildr5's aprons--two diff]5t /yles1 hem/it*+ & embroid]y = yokes1 ruffl+--hem & hem/it*$1 faggot+4 #b4 ,individual ,cu/om ,ord]s3 ,dress+ sacques1 aprons 7kit*51 g+ham1 & "w71 gymnasium suits1 wai/s1 *ildr5's dresses1 corset cov]s1 draw]s1 skirts & *emise1 %eets1 pill[slips1 curta9s1 /raw hats1 fancy petticoats1 kimonos1 h&k]*iefs1 fancy neckwe>1 infants' outfits1 boys' wai/s1 quilt+1 hem/it*+ by y>d1 silk wai/s & dresses hem/it*$1 tuck+ by y>d1 wai/s1 coll>s1 cuffs1 & clo? embroid]$1 initials on l95 & monograms on saddle clo?s1 ruffl+ by y>d4 #c4 ,ord] ,"w = ,o!r ,dep>tm5ts3 ,dressmak+3 ,ma*9e "w on nightg[ns1 corset cov]s1 draw]s1 comb9ation suits1 petticoats1 kimonos1 gymnasium bloom]s1 swimm+ suits1 buttonholes1 hem/it*+ on silk skirts1 dresses1 wai/s2 ,bonnaz embroid]y on dresses1 wai/s4 ,mill9]y3 ,veils hem/it*$4 ,art3 ,p5cil & bru% cases4 ,(fice3 ,coats & ov]alls = janitors employ$ 9 s*ool4 ,dressmak+ ,dep>tm5t ,ord]s3 ,aprons1 petticoats1 maids' dresses2 ma*9e-made und]we>2 coll>s & neckwe>2 nurses' uni=ms2 swimm+1 ba?+1 & gymnasium suits2 *ildr5's & baby clo!s2 f9e h&made und]we>2 pla9 %irtwai/s1 f9e wai/s1 aft]noon g[ns1 /reet suits1 ev5+ g[ns1 clo? suits tailor$4 ,pa/+ & ,novelty ,ord]s3 ,m\nt+ susp5d] webb+1 m\nt+ corset samples1 pa/+ susp5d] tabs & sockets1 case mak+4 ,desk sets1 lamp%ades1 & c&le%ades4 ,art ,dep>tm5t ,ord]s3 #a4 ,trade ,ord] ,"w3 ,/amp+1 p]=at+1 color+ fa%ion plates1 /5cil cutt+4 #b4 ,cu/om ,"w3 ,/5cil+ curta9s1 sc>fs1 table cov]s1 s(a pill[s2 design+ patt]ns = embroid]y = table cov]s1 doilies1 bags1 buttons1 %irtwai/s1 skirts1 p>asols1 & *iffon sc>fs4 #c4 ,ord] ,"w = ,o!r ,dep>tm5ts3 ,decorat+ book cov]s1 desk sets1 boxes1 dress trimm+s--panels1 lapels1 ve/s2 coll>s & cuffs1 ins]tions = h& & ma*9e2 b&+ = hats1 lett]s1 monograms3 designs = doilies1 sc>fs1 curta9s1 "w-bags4 ,,placem5t ,,bureau ,f ! fir/ ! s*ool made "s provision = plac+ its pupils satisfactorily 9 ! trades = :i* !y are tra9$4 ,orig9ally ! heads ( dep>tm5ts att5d$ to x1 ea* = h] own /ud5ts1 b z ! s*ool grew & ! dep>tm5t "w increas$ ?is me?od ceas$ to be practical4 ,an arrangem5t 0 made1 !re=e1 ) ! ,alliance ,employm5t ,bureau to place ! girls ( ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool :5 !y 7 ready to leave ! s*ool or :5ev] !y appli$ = help !reaft]4 ,?is 0 a mo/ helpful connection :5 ! "w 0 beg9n+1 b x 0 und]/ood t :5 ! s*ool rea*$ ! po9t 9 its developm5t :]e ! volume ( bus9ess 0 great en\gh1 & o!r conditions w>rant$ x1 a ,placem5t ,bureau %\ld be op5$ 9 ! s*ool itself4 ,?is long-*]i%$ idea w5t into op]ation 9 ,octob]1 #aijh1 :5 a ,placem5t ,secret>y 0 engag$ & ! s*ool bureau 0 op5$4 ,?is plan has already prov$ advantage\s4 ,9 ! fir/ place a bureau s situat$ c1 by keep+ 9 con/ant t\* ) ! dep>tm5ts1 obta9 intimate & detail$ in=mation ab\t ! "*1 ! "w1 ! special aptitudes1 & ! physique ( ea* girl4 ,su* data are extremely valuable 9 mak+ wise placem5ts1 b are difficult ( access = an outside ag5cy4 ,9 ! second place su* a s*ool bureau1 op5 to graduates1 t5ds to br+ !m occasionally to x1 & ?us /r5g!ns _! int]e/ 9 & loyalty to ! s*ool by giv+ a practical reality to _! connection ) x4 ,aims ,! aims & work+ plans ( ! ,placem5t ,bureau are ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,to secure suitable positions = girls leav+ ! s*ool--^? =c$ out by pov]ty z well z ^? :o h really complet$ _! c\rses4 ,! problem is to get ! squ>e peg into ! squ>e hole1 & x is solv$ by hav+ a v intimate k ( ea* peg1 & by kn[+ ( z l>ge a v>iety ( holes z possible f :i* to *oose4 7#b7 ,to be a means ( connection & communication betwe5 ! s*ool & ! trades1 on ! "o h&1 & ! s*ool & its =m] pupils on ! o!r4 7#c7 ,to ga!r data ab\t trade conditions t %all be helpful to ! sev]al dep>tm5ts1 or 9 decid+ s*ool policies4 7#d7 ,to build up a s]ies ( records t %all be ( g5]al sociological value z well z ( imm$iate use = s*ool purposes4 ,k9ds & ,me?ods ( ,"w ,9 connection ) ! placem5t itself !re are f\r l9es ( activity3 #a4 ,int]views 9 ! (fice1 :5 girls come 9 to apply = positions1 & :5 employ]s ask = work]s4 ,mu* valuable data z to ! exp]i5ces ( ! girls :o h be5 "s "t 9 ! trade h be5 ga!r$ 9 ?is way4 ,9 ! case ( ! employ]1 if he is n already famili> ) ! s*ool1 an ef=t is made to induce him 7or h]7 to g ?r\gh x4 #b4 ,trade ,visits ( inve/igation4 ,x is ! policy ( ! ,bureau n to place a girl 9 any e/abli%m5t until x has be5 visit$1 unless x is "o already well kn[n to ! s*ool1 9 :i* case ! visit may foll[ in/ead ( prec$+ ! placem5t4 ,^! visits are (t5 made ^u ! reque/ ( employ]s or 9 response to adv]tisem5ts1 if1 z sometimes happ5s1 a girl wi%es to be plac$ & ! employ]s already kn[n d n ne$ additional help4 #c4 ,foll[+ up4 ,aft] ! girls are plac$ x is necess>y to keep track ( !m4 ,9 ord] to d ?is satisfactorily1 blanks h be5 pr9t$ 9 two diff]5t =ms1 "o = ! employ] & ! o!r = ! work]4 ,! =m] asks ab\t ! quality ( ! girl's "w 7:e!r x is satisfactory1 & if n1 :y n7 & ab\t h] wages4 ,! latt] asks ! girl to report on h] "w1 wages1 & %op conditions4 ,by ?is sy/em ! ,placem5t ,secret>y is able to keep 9 close t\* ) ! /ud5ts :o h be5 plac$1 & to he> & act ^u compla9ts f ei!r employ] or girl ) a promptness t (t5 has ! result ( e/abli%+ ! work] 9 a good place or1 occasionally1 rescu+ h] f a poor "o4 ,employ]s are almo/ uni=mly prompt & c\rte\s 9 return+ ! reports1 & all b a v small p]c5tage ( ! /ud5ts are equally responsive4 ,9 cases :]e a girl is n he>d f1 ! ,/ud5ts' ,aid ,secret>y makes a p]sonal visit to h] home4 #d4 ,keep+ ( ,records4 ,c>d catalogues are kept1 giv+ ! full data obta9able 9 ea* case3 7#a7 = girls apply+ = positions2 7#b7 = girls plac$2 7#c7 = employ]s visit$2 7#d7 = employ]s apply+ or wor? inve/igat+1 b n yet visit$4 ,all data f employ]s & girls :i* h be5 obta9$ f ! blanks be=e m5tion$ or f o!r s\rces are record$ on ! c>ds4 ,! ,placem5t ,bureau1 9 addition to its specific "w1 p]=ms c]ta9 s]vices = ! g5]al b5efit ( ! s*ool4 ,data are obta9$ z to ! conditions ( "w & wage 9 c]ta9 trades & ! l5g? ( tra9+ advisable 9 o!rs4 ,advice f ! trade is (t5 ne$$ 9 "o or ano!r ( ! dep>tm5ts1 & ?r\gh ! ,bureau's acqua9tance ) employ]s1 manag]s1 or =em5 & =ewom51 x is able to asc]ta9 & report _! exp]t op9ion4 ,x is also possible to induce "s ( ^! busy p to come & view ! problem 9 ! light ( conditions at ! s*ool z well z 9 _! own bus9ess4 ,g5]al ,results ,al?\gh ! ,placem5t ,bureau is /ill 9 its infancy1 "s results may be record$4 ,x is already 9 t\* ) "s #gjj employ]s1 ab\t #eej hav+ be5 p]sonally visit$4 ,! table bel[ gives ! facts z to placem5ts 9 =m] ye>s1 & may be int]e/+ = comp>ison4 ,,girls ,,plac$ ,,& ,,report$ ,,^u ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,by ,self or ,by ,alliance ,s*ool4 ,employm5t ,total4 ,bureau4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #aijb #j #j #j #aijc #ci #g #df #aijd #eb #cf #hh #aije #bi #fa #ij #aijf #bb #ha #ajc #aijg #aj #gg #hg #aijh #aai #ci #aeh #aiji ,by s*ool #aeg #a #aeh ---------------------------------- #dbh #cjb #gcj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,?is ref]s m]ely to ! orig9al or fir/ placem5t ( a girl4 ,! total ( re-placem5ts = #aiji 0 an additional #bcj1 includ+ ^? ( _m =m] pupils :o _h h]et(ore plac$ !mselves or be5 plac$ by ! ,alliance ,employm5t ,bureau4 ,! crucial "q ( wages is "o t is extremely difficult to deal ) 9 brief4 ,! accompany+ table gives a v g5]al /atem5t z to ! range ( wages obta9$ by graduates & ! future possibilities 9 _! trades1 & read 9 ! light ( ! comm5t bel[ x is z specifically accurate z any summ>y c be4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,trade4 ,wages ,:5 ,aft] ,two to ,future ,fir/ ,plac$4 ,five ,ye>s4 ,possibilities4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ #aijc #aiji ,dressmak+ #c to #e #d to #f #f to #ac #be or own e/abli%m5t ,mill9]y #b4ej to #d #d #e to #ae #ab to #be or own e/abli%m5t ,op]at+ #c to #f #d to #aa #f to #be #ae to #dj ,novelty #d to #e #d to #i;,a #f to #aa #ah to #be ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,art s9ce #aijg #e to #h #d to #g #g to #ae #bj to #cj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,! column = #aiji %[s t at la/ a m9imum wage ( #d4jj has be5 e/abli%$ = all ! trades nam$1 ev5 ,mill9]y4 ,!re are exceptions1 b !y are almo/ always due to "s special disability on ! "p ( ! girl1 & d n fairly affect a /atem5t reg>d+ ! wage = girls ( normal capacity1 :o h done satisfactory "w dur+ _! c\rse4 ,! small p]c5tage ( pupils :o fall bel[ #d4jj = _! initial wage are ^? :o ei!r did n complete ! s*ool c\rse1 or :o did poor "w1 or :o are subnormal m5tally or h&icapp$ physically1 or c "w only an eight-h\r day because !y are "u sixte54 ,x is true t :5 !y are oblig$ to />t on piece-"w in/ead ( a week-wage _! e>n+s may fall bel[ our m9imum = a %ort "t1 b ! fir/ week or two is 9 t case n usually a fair te/ ( ! girl's tra9+ or ability4 ,"s little "t is necess>y = ! readju/m5t involv$ 9 ! *ange f s*ool to workroom1 & especially = atta9+ ! spe$ necess>y to e>n a fair wage on trade piece-rates4 ,! comp5sat+ advantage is t :5 %e does beg9 to make good h] improvem5t is usually regi/]$ 9 h] e>n+s m quickly & accurately ?an x w\ld be by ! safe b sl[ly advanc+ week-"w4 ,if aft] two weeks1 h[ev]1 ! girl is e>n+ less ?an #d4jj1 & ?9ks %e nev] c make out !re1 %e is giv5 an opportunity to *ange h] place4 ,b v (t5 !re is a sudd5 jump 9 e>n+s aft] t5 days or s1 z ! girl ga9s confid5ce & spe$4 7,"o pupil e>n$ #c4ig h] fir/ week on buttonholes1 & ov] #g4jj ! second47 ,ano!r po9t to be consid]$ 9 connection ) ! wage is ! l5g? ( ! season & ! duration ( any "o place4 ,! comp>atively /eady "w & regul>1 if small1 advance 9 ! dressmak+1 = in/ance1 w (t5 c\nt]balance ! l>g] week-wage or piece-"w e>n+s ( ! trades :]e ! season is %ort or ! positions ( unc]ta9 duration4 ,on ! rate ( advance 9 wage ! ,bureau is z yet too "y to make any g5]al /atem5ts4 ,/ud5ts' ,aid ,on acc\nt ( ! extreme pov]ty 9 ! families ( _m ( ! /ud5ts1 "s sy/em ( aid has always be5 necess>y4 ,! mann] ( giv+ x has *ang$1 h[ev]1 t x may be free f all t5d5cy to paup]ize or to deprive ! recipi5t ( self-respect+ ef=t4 ,at fir/ x took ! =m ( a s*ol>%ip1 paid at ! s*ool e week1 9 equal am\nts1 to ea* /ud5t4 ,a few mon?s' exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 %[$ t x w\ld be bett] to require a mon?'s appr5tice%ip )\t pay4 ,if aft] t ! girl 0 all[$ to cont9ue h] c\rse1 %e 0 giv5 a doll> a week dur+ h] second mon?4 ,ea* mon? !reaft] ! am\nt 0 increas$ accord+ to ! skill & good _s :i* 7 evid5t 9 h] "w4 ,! maximum am\nt a /ud5t c\ld receive 9 "o ye> 0 #ajj4 ,e>ly 9 ! second ye> x became cle> t a /ill m radical *ange 0 advisable1 & a plan 0 adopt$ :]eby ! ne$ ( ! girl's family became ! only basis ^u :i* money 0 giv54 ,a committee 0 =m$1 ^: memb]%ip 0 compos$ pr9cipally ( work]s f ! lead+ social settlem5ts4 ,ea* applicant = aid 0 ref]r$ to ! memb] ( ! committee liv+ ne>e/ h] home4 ,an inve/igation 0 made by ! settlem5t work]1 & aid 0 giv5 9 proportion to ! necessity1 v>y+ 9 am\nt f c> f>e to ! equival5t ( a small wage4 ,! girl w5t weekly to ! settlem5t = ! money4 ,9 ?is way ! aid 0 sep>at$ z f> z possible f ! s*ool atmosph]e1 & x 0 made cle> to ! girls & _! families t ! money 0 9 no s5se pay = "w4 ,z indicative ( ?is *ange 9 viewpo9t1 ! t]m ,s*ol>%ip 0 replac$ by t ( ,/ud5ts' ,aid4 ,9 addition to its o!r advantages1 ! new me?od r$uc$ ! co/ = aid to less ?an "o-half ( its orig9al proportion4 ,s9ce ?is "t ! aim has be5 always ! same--to aid ! girl h&icapp$ by pov]ty s t %e might prep>e h]self = effici5t wage-e>n+4 ,a memb] ( ! s*ool /aff is secret>y ( ! ,/ud5ts' ,aid ,committee1 & %e kn[s p]sonally e applicant wi%+ aid1 & makes ! initial visits & inve/igations4 ,?is plan has prov$ advantage\s 9 mak+ a clos] connection betwe5 ! s*ool & ! home1 & 9 secur+ a m uni=m /&>d ( relief4 ,! ,/ud5ts' ,aid ,committee consi/s at pres5t ( repres5tatives f sixte5 settlem5ts1 :o meet twice a mon? to discuss & decide ^u ! m]it ( ea* applicant4 ,if aid is grant$1 ! girl is assign$ to ! settlem5t ne>e/ h] home & goes !re weekly = h] money4 ,an envelope %[+ ! am\nt due ! girl is s5t f ! s*ool to ! settlem5t work]1 & on ?is is indicat$ any abs5ce or t>d9ess4 ,x is "o ( ! duties ( ! memb] ( ! committee to inquire ! reasons = any irregul>ity 9 att5dance1 &1 if necess>y1 to report to ! p>5t4 ,9 addition1 ea* settlem5t work] r5d]s valuable s]vice by giv+ fri5dly ov]sight to ! girls & families 9 h] gr\p1 by do+ z mu* = _! welf>e z "t w all[1 & by report+ any unusual conditions to ! ,/ud5ts' ,aid ,secret>y4 ,/ud5ts are at times s5t to ! s*ool = in/ruction ) a reque/ = aid f "s *>itable in/itution1 *ur*1 hospital1 s*ool1 or settlem5t :i* kn[s & is int]e/$ 9 ! family2 b1 9 g5]al1 a girl ne$+ f9ancial help comes )\t su* recomm5dations1 & consequ5tly a m ?or\gh inve/igation ( ! case is necess>y4 ,inquiry is always made at fir/ ( ! ,*>ity ,organization ,society1 9 ord] to le>n :e!r h] family has receiv$ or is receiv+ o!r relief4 ,! trial mon? )\t aid gives "t = ! ga!r+ ( facts ab\t ! family1 & = a te/ ( ! girl's ability & "*4 ,aid is nev] promis$ to a girl be=e h] admission4 ,a useful me?od has be5 work$ out = det]m9+ ! am\nt ( aid :i* may be giv5 9 any "o case4 ,! total am\nt ( ! family income is obta9$1 & f x are d$uct$ ! fix$ exp5ses = r5t1 insurance1 & c> f>e4 ,f ! rema9d] ! p] capita income is f\nd :i* mu/ provide = all o!r exp5ses1 t is1 = ea* p]son's %>e ( food1 clo?+1 light1 fuel1 m$ic9e1 & all incid5tals4 ,x 0 e/imat$ t a family c\ld n ma9ta9 a dec5t /&>d ( liv+ on a p] capita income ( less ?an #a4ej a week4 ,al?\gh ea* case is consid]$ on its m]its1 aid is almo/ always giv5 :5 ! p] capita income is less ?an #a4ej2 9 "s special cases x is grant$ :5 ! income exce$s ?is am\nt4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! income ( ! sev5ty-eight families t 7 be+ aid$ by ! s*ool on ,june #c1 #aiji4 -------------------------------------- ,weekly p] ,capita ,numb] ( ,families4 ,income4 -------------------------------------- 4#jj to 4#di #af 4#ej to 4#ii #bf #a4jj to #a4di #bj #a4ej to #a4ii #aj #b4jj to #b4di #c #b4ej to #b4ii #a #c4jj to #c4di #b -------------------------------------- ,relief giv5 by *>itable in/itutions has n be5 includ$ 9 ?is income4 ,ea* girl receiv+ aid is told ! reason = its be/[al 9 su* a way t %e w nei!r look ^u x z money e>n$ nor feel humiliat$ z a recipi5t ( *>ity1 b w und]/& t x %\ld mean = h] an opportunity to obta9 a good education4 ,x !re=e is incumb5t ^u h] to %[ a realization ( its value by becom+ a responsible & e>ne/ work]4 ,/ud5ts receiv+ su* assi/ance are expect$ to att5d regul>ly1 unless = excell5t reasons1 & ! reports f _! dep>tm5ts mu/ be satisfactory 9 reg>d to _! "w1 attitude1 & ef=t4 ,if a girl v>ies f ?is /&>d &1 aft] talk+ ) h] or ) "o ( h] p>5ts1 no improvem5t foll[s1 ! aid may be susp5d$ or )drawn4 ,improv+ circum/ances 9 a family occasionally make x possible to decrease or ev5 to give up ! aid4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is (t5 f\nd necess>y to ask additional assi/ance f special philan?ropic s\rces :5 ! ne$ is v great4 ,night ,classes ,night cont9uation classes are a "p ( ! aim ( ! s*ool4 ,!y h (f]$ tra9+ 9 exp]t p>ts ( ! ,op]at+1 ,dressmak+1 ,novelty1 ,mill9]y1 & ,art trades4 ,! classes 7 well att5d$1 ! "w successful1 & cont9u$ application = ! r5ewal ( ! in/ruction has be5 receiv$4 ,?is class ( education requires ! mo/ skill$ tea*]s & is consequ5tly exp5sive4 ,lack ( money to conduct bo? ! day & ! night "w adequately has made x necess>y to close ! night classes tempor>ily4 ,!re is e reason to hope1 h[ev]1 t !y w be reop5$ 9 ! ne> future1 ) /ill great] facilities = tea*+ ! advanc$ p>ts ( ! trades4 ,/ud5t ,gov]nm5t ,! ,/ud5t ,c\ncil conc]ns itself ) ! gov]nm5t ( ! s*ool1 ! aim be+ to place x z f> z possible 9 ! h&s ( ! /ud5ts4 ,x also assi/s 9 develop+ _! s5se ( responsibility4 ,! ,c\ncil is compos$ ( repres5tatives elect$ f ea* class1 :o h be5 *os5 = _! executive ability & good "*4 ,!y meet once a week ) "o ( ! sup]visors to discuss que/ions ( g5]al s*ool discipl9e & regulations4 ,ea* memb] is responsible = ma9ta9+ ord] 9 h] class :5 x is n "u o!r sup]vision1 = settl+ disputes among ! girls1 & = report+ disob$i5ce to s*ool laws4 ,graduate & ,dep>tm5t ,clubs ,"s =m ( alumn association has be5 9 exi/5ce s9ce ! end ( ! fir/ s*ool ye>4 ,?is important phase ( ! ,trade ,s*ool "w is n[ ?or\ghly organiz$1 & ga9s = u ! w>m cop]ation ( ^? :o h b5efit$ by ! in/ruction4 ,! ,graduate ,association includes ^? :o h receiv$ ! c]tificate ( ! s*ool2 ! dep>tm5t clubs1 h[ev]1 are m democratic1 & admit to memb]%ip any girl :o has be5 9 att5dance4 ,^! associations "w toge!r = ! b5efit ( ! s*ool4 ,!y hold frequ5t bus9ess z well z social meet+s4 ,!y plan def9ite ways = gett+ 9 t\* ) ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool girls :o are j ent]+ trade1 9 ord] to help !m to adju/ !mselves to _! "w & to increase 9 !m loyalty & responsibility to ! s*ool2 = improv+ !mselves & work+ girls 9 g5]al by discuss+ topics ( int]e/ conc]n+ _! trades1 & by giv+ ent]ta9m5ts :i* are ( real int]e/ & value4 ,!y h c>ri$ out s*emes = add+ to ! g5]al f9ances ( ! s*ool or = obta9+ money = special objects1 su* z %[] ba?s = ! gymnasium4 ,!y h giv5 sev]al supp]s to br+ ! faculty & =m] /ud5ts toge!r1 9 ord] to discuss in=mally trade & s*ool matt]s4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,?is maximum is n 9 pa/e or glue "w1 b 9 ! silk lamp%ade trade4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,repres5tative ,,problems,b ,! organiz+ ( a girls' trade s*ool 9 any giv5 locality necessitates ! meet+ ( _m problems ( a s]i\s nature4 ,"s ( ^! appe> imm$iately & require consid]ation be=e a satisfactory curriculum c be develop$1 b mo/ ( !m are hydra-head$1 & "o phase is no soon] settl$ ?an ano!r arises4 ,att5tion mu/ be giv5 to !m :5ev] !y come if any progress is to be made 9 solv+ ! "q ( ! broade/ & yet mo/ practical education = ! girl :o mu/ e>n h] liv+ 9 trade4 ,^! problems are s connect$ ) ! ke5e/ yet mo/ obscure social & indu/rial que/ions ( ! day on "o h&1 &1 on ! o!r1 ) ! future ( ! race1 t !y are (t5 v puzzl+4 ,"s ( !m c nev] be entirely settl$1 ?\gh !y c be tempor>ily adju/$ to imm$iate ne$s4 ,! foll[+ are select$ z repres5tative4 ,direct ,trade ,tra9+ ,_m s*ools ( a dome/ic or te*nical nature h be5 op5$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ! in/ruction 9 !m is = ! home or = educational purposes r ?an = bus9ess4 ,! trades1 if !y are repres5t$ at all 9 ^! s*ools1 are g5]al 9 "*1 cov]+ (t5 _m bran*es ( an indu/ry 9 a %ort s]ies ( lessons1 & n hav+ ! p>ticul> subdivisions & special equipm5t :i* are f\nd at pres5t 9 ! regul> m>ket4 ,employ]s ( labor h n be5 favorably impress$ ) ! practical usefulness ( ! graduates 9 _! workrooms4 ,z ! sole reason = ! exi/5ce ( ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool is to meet ?is requirem5t ( employ]s1 & !re=e to develop a bett] class ( wage-e>n]s directly adapt$ to trade ne$s1 ! in/ruction mu/ be 9 accord ) me?ods 9 ! %ops & factories ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,su* specific trade education = f\rte5-ye>-old girls 0 new1 & !re=e ! problem ( organization _h to be fac$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,am]ica4 ,c>eful /udy ( ! workrooms & ! indu/rial conditions ( ,new ,york ,city 0 ess5tial be=e ! aims or ! curriculum c\ld be decid$ ^u & ! s*ool c\ld be op5$ = in/ruction4 ,fur!rmore1 if ! tra9+ is to be kept up to date ?is /udy ( trade conditions mu/ n cease1 & readju/m5ts ( ! curriculum mu/ equal ! *anges tak+ place 9 ! outside workrooms4 ,consequ5tly ^! problems mu/ be met repeat$ly4 ,ne$ ( ,prelim9>y ,tra9+ ,on beg9n+ ! trade c\rses at ! s*ool a difficulty 0 discov]$ imm$iately :i* br\ght home ! tru? ( ! compla9t made by trade t "y work]s are utt]ly incompet5t4 ,! /ud5ts com+ to ! s*ool 7 all[$ by law to ent] trade1 z !y _h met all requirem5ts = obta9+ _! work+ pap]s1 b !y 7 n f\nd to h suffici5t f\ndation to beg9 ! fir/ simple /eps at ! s*ool )\t "s prelim9>y tra9+4 ,! defects :i* 7 especially evid5t 73 7#a7 lack ( suffici5t skill ) ! h&2 7#b7 inability to utilize _! public s*ool academic "w 9 practical trade problems2 7#c7 dullness 9 tak+ ord]s & 9 ?9k+ cle>ly ( ! ne$s :i* arise2 7#d7 abs5ce ( ideals2 & 7#e7 ne$ ( k ( ! laws ( heal? & h[ to apply !m4 ,prelim9>y1 elem5t>y in/ruction 9 all ( ^! subjects _h1 !re=e1 to be organiz$ & giv5 to ! ent]+ /ud5ts be=e !y c\ld beg9 ^u _! true trade "w4 ,su* in/ruction is & w cont9ue to be necess>y unless ! public elem5t>y s*ool arranges to give1 betwe5 ! fif? & eigh? grades1 a m satisfactory prep>ation to ^? :o mu/ e>n _! liv+4 ,! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool has be5 oblig$ to give f two to eight mon?s to elem5t>y bran*es ( in/ruction alone4 ,! k9d ( "w ne$$ v>ies con/antly ) ! condition ( ! /ud5ts4 ,e "o requires "s ( x1 b _m mu/ take mon?s ( tutor+4 ,public in/ruction c\ld readily give ! practical academic "w :i* ! s*ool has organiz$4 ,su* in/ruction w\ld n only directly help ! pupils :o mu/ leave e>ly to "w1 b w\ld lay a good f\ndation = ! vocational education :i* is be+ plann$ = ! e>ly ye>s ( ! public second>y s*ools4 ,vocational ,tra9+ ,z ! c\rses at ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool develop$1 an int]m$iate phase betwe5 ! prep>atory "w & ! direct trade tra9+ took def9ite %ape4 ,?is middle gr\nd p>takes 9 _m ways ( trade processes & lays a good f\ndation = %op "w4 ,x utilizes ! e>ly education1 gives po9t to x1 awak5s 9 ! /ud5t en?usiasm = h] *os5 trade1 & %[s h] t x is wor? h] :ile to "w h>d if %e w\ld succe$4 ,x takes f f\r to eight mon?s1 accord+ to ! /ud5t's ability to meet ! requirem5ts4 ,public in/ruction c\ld also develop ?is int]m$iate field to advantage = ^? :o1 n wi%+ to ent] ! regul> high s*ool c\rse1 w\ld be glad to avail !mselves ( fur!r practical education4 ,su* occupations = wom5 z cook+1 sew+1 g>m5t & dressmak+1 mill9]y1 laundry "w1 home nurs+1 h\sehold adm9i/ration1 c>e ( *ildr51 novelty "w1 electric p[] op]at+1 salesman%ip1 & o!r int]e/+ activities c well be (f]$ 9 ,vocational ,education4 ,z ! /ud5t 9 h] *os5 field plans1 consid]s exp5ses1 & contrives to utilize h] mat]ial %e ga9s skill1 adaptability1 judgm5t1 & ! true basis ( criticism4 ,! _w's "w int]e/s h] z its mean+ becomes cle> ?r\gh h] own exp]i5ces1 & %e beg9s to see ways to bett] h] condition & to be a factor 9 ! improvem5t ( h] home4 ,%e appreciates ! value ( h] e>ly education1 & f9ds x wor? :ile to ?9k cle>ly & to act wisely2 %e li/5s to in/ructions1 asks s5sible directions1 & goes to "w )\t wa/e ( "t4 ,! elem5t>y & int]m$iate tra9+ j describ$1 :i* ! s*ool f\nd x mu/ give prep>atory to its real trade in/ruction1 has prov$ advantage\s z an introduction1 = ! /ud5t c n[ quickly adapt h]self to ! "w 9 ! s*ool %ops1 z %e possesses ! f\ndation qualities ne$$ to make ! be/ work]4 ,%e has to beg9 at ! simple/ trade "w1 to be sure1 b c rise z rapidly z %e %[s ability4 ,%e has be5 c>efully wat*$ by h] in/ructors & turn$ gradually 9 ! direction be/ fitt$ to h]4 ,trade ,%ops ,(f]+ c\rses 9 _m v>ieties ( trade "w exactly z !y are f\nd 9 a city l ,new ,york has _m recurr+ difficulties1 z has be5 be=e /at$4 ,! con/ant & rapid adaptations to fa%ion1 ! new me*anical devices introduc$1 & ! labor situations are factors to be consid]$4 ,! managem5t mu/ be ready at a mom5t's notice to *ange1 increase1 or drop "w accord+ to ! dem&s ( a fickle m>ket4 ,x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 t at pres5t ! problems ( ! s*ool trade %ops are ( too s]i\s & unsettl$ a "* = adequate solution by public in/ruction z at pres5t organiz$1 = 7#a7 x w\ld be difficult to p]suade ! mass ( taxpay]s t add$ tax rates are advisable = beg9n+ a cont9ually alt]+ =m ( education :i* has n yet comm5d$ itself to all employ]s or to all wage-e>n]s1 & :i* mu/ be m or less exp5sive2 7#b7 ! usual public s*ool committee man kn[s little ( trade conditions1 & w\ld probably be av]se to all[+ a s*ool ! fre$om to *ange at w its c\rse ( /udy & ev5 ! v trades x tea*es2 yet1 on ! o!r h&1 if ! trade s*ool mu/ wait = bo>d action be=e alt]+ its plans1 x w\ld prejudice ! value ( its in/ruction1 :i* mu/ be flexible if x w\ld tra9 its /ud5ts directly = ! m>ket2 7#c7 ! impossibility ( obta9+ its tea*]s f ! usual wait+ li/ & ! difficulties att5d+ ! selection ( a satisfactory tea*+ =ce4 ,! possibilities = (f]+ highly specializ$1 skill$ "w are great1 b ! pov]ty ( ! /ud5ts limits _! "t at ! day s*ool4 ,to help all girls :o "w1 & :o wi% to get ahead1 night classes h be5 organiz$ f "t to "t1 & dur+ ! day also tempor>y in/ruction is (f]$ to any "o :o has a slack "t 9 h] trade4 ,z ! s*ool is organiz$ into trade %ops1 ) ! same specialization z 9 ! m>ket1 a /ud5t c ent] or be plac$ f almo/ any po9t4 ,?is increases its usefulness b complicates its managem5t4 ,obta9+ & ,tra9+ ,tea*]s ,z trade in/ruction is new 9 education1 ! normal s*ools h n begun tra9+ tea*]s regul>ly = ^! positions1 nor1 inde$1 are !y yet prep>$ to d s4 ,! organiz] ( a trade s*ool faces1 !re=e1 a s]i\s difficulty 9 obta9+ in/ructors :o are adequate to ! task be=e !m4 ,! foll[+ trade tea*+ /aff is ne$$3 sup]visors ( ! v>i\s trades2 =ewom5 to direct ! s*ool %ops2 trade in/ructors to tea* ! v>i\s gr\ps ( /ud5ts ! specializ$ processes2 assi/ants to att5d to m9or matt]s 9 ! workrooms2 art tea*]s1 :o h _h exp]i5ce 9 design+ = ! v>i\s trades repres5t$2 academic in/ructors :o "k ! work+ _w practically & c give ! /ud5ts a tra9+ :i*1 :ile help+ !m 9 _! trades1 w broad5 _! k ( & sympa?y 9 ! _w's "w4 ,all ( ^! tea*]s mu/ n only h _h exp]i5ce 9 trade1 b mu/ cont9ually keep 9 t\* ) ! me?ods ( ! outside m>ket4 ,unsuccessful trade work]s1 :o (t5 wi% to tea*1 or tea*]s :o "k no?+ ( ! ne$s ( trade workrooms1 _c adequately prep>e /ud5ts = specific trade positions4 ,trade kn[s :at x wants1 is a sev]e critic & an unsp>+ judge4 ,! trade s*ool1 !re=e1 _c af=d to rely on in/ructors :o w\ld be !mselves unsuccessful 9 ! m>ket1 = ! result w\ld be c]ta9 failure 9 ! /ud5ts4 ,su* specific tra9+ requires exceptional k 9 its tea*+ =ce4 ,! usual tea*] ( manual tra9+ kn[s too little ( ! ways ( ! workrooms & is too !oretical 9 h] in/ruction to be tru/$ to tra9 work]s :o mu/ satisfy trade dem&s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! trade work]1 good z %e may be 9 h] specialty1 seldom kn[s h[ to tea*4 ,%e c drive h] gr\p ( work]s1 b %e _c tra9 ! gre5 h&s to d m ?an "w quickly at "o ?+4 ,%e c make !m "w1 b %e _c make !m bett] work]s4 ,:5 %e has ord]s to turn out1 h] lifelong tra9+ makes h] ?9k ( ! rapid completion ( ! articles r ?an ! c>eful developm5t ( ! /ud5ts :o are mak+ !m4 ,if %e is n wat*$ %e w *oose ! girl to d a piece ( "w :o c d x well & quickly 7b :o does n ne$ ?is exp]i5ce71 r ?an ! "o :o %\ld d x 9 ord] to h practice 9 x4 ,! problem is to f9d a way to unite ! good tea*] & ! successful work]4 ,su* a comb9ation appe>s at r>e int]vals4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! tea*] :o c adequately prep>e "y work]s = trade has to be taught :ile %e is h]self tea*+4 ,%e may be *os5 f ei!r ! indu/rial or ! educational field1 if %e has c]ta9 qualities ( m9d & _s1 b %e mu/ n[ make up ! po9ts %e lacks1 be x exp]i5ce 9 trade or ability to tea*4 ,sup]visors ne$ special insight & capability1 z !y are call$ ^u to inve/igate a new & difficult field1 to select f x ! subjects ne$$1 & aft] t to organize education ( a mo/ practical k9d4 ,!y comb9e ! duties ( s*ool pr9cipal1 tea*]1 =ewoman1 factory sup]9t5d5t1 & bus9ess manag]4 ,!y mu/ be will+ to give !mselves to ! cause1 z !y are responsible = ! conduct ( _! dep>tm5ts ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 at night z well z dur+ ! day1 at lea/ until !y c tra9 "s "o to :om !y c delegate "s ( _! responsibility4 ,!y ne$ a broad1 cultural education &1 at ! same "t1 int]e/ & k ( ! indu/rial problems ( ! "t1 z well z exp]i5ce 9 _! p>ticul> trade4 ,!y mu/ h sympa?y ) ! work+ p & _! lives4 ,x is evid5t t su* wom5 are h>d to f9d1 & :5 f\nd or :5 tra9$ are 9 dem& by o!r in/itutions or 9 bus9ess life1 9 :i* places !y c comm& high sal>ies4 ,all effici5t trade tea*]s also are equally 9 dem& 9 workrooms1 h5ce ! s*ool mu/ compete ) good bus9ess sal>ies 9 place ( ! usual und]pay ( educational in/itutions4 ,9 addition to ! trade tea*]s1 practical in/ructors 9 heal?ful liv+ & special secret>ies ne$+ social k ( v>i\s k9ds are also ess5tial 9 ! mod]n trade s*ool = girls4 ,_! tra9+ adds to ! director's responsibilities1 = no "o at pres5t has ! k & exp]i5ce necess>y4 ,! _m problems connect$ ) obta9+ an adequate tea*+ /aff seem at pres5t to h b "o solution1 i4 e41 ! s*ool has to be its own tra9+ s*ool = its faculty to a great] or less ext5t4 ,"o s\rce ( assi/ant tea*]s has be5 f\nd 9 /ud5ts :o h made good 9 trade4 ,pupils ( fair education :o %[ skill & executive ability 9 _! dep>tm5t "w & :o lat] succe$ 9 _! trade positions h already prov$ helpful :5 br\ght back to ! s*ool4 ,su* girls "k ! c\rses ( in/ruction1 _! ne$s & difficulties1 & also ! outside workroom dem&s4 ,if !y are giv5 "s h9ts 9 me?ods ( tea*+1 _! success is great]4 ,european trade s*ools = girls h drawn _m ( ! be/ tea*]s f ! /ud5t body & h organiz$ tea*]s' tra9+ classes = !m4 ,a c\rse ( regul> tra9+ = trade pupil tea*]s %\ld be giv5 lat] 9 ,am]ican tra9+ s*ools to meet ?is situation4 ,c\rses ( ,/udy ,z ! *anges ab\t to occur 9 ! m>ket mu/ be recogniz$ & ins]t$ 9 ! curriculum 9 "t = ! /ud5ts to be prep>$ = ! new "w :5 !y are plac$1 set c\rses ( /udy _c be foll[$ )\t endang]+ ! practical value ( ! tea*+4 ,fur!rmore1 ! pupils mu/ be advanc$ z !y %[ ability1 & _! diff]5t *>act]i/ics %\ld h consid]ation2 h5ce ! "w mu/ be suffici5tly flexible & adaptable to all[ = increas+ "o k9d ( tra9+ & decreas+ ano!r1 9 ord] to develop a girl's be/ ability4 ,x is n ! trade c\rses only :i* %\ld be fitt$ to ! ne$1 b ! trade-art1 trade-academic1 & physical education mu/ also %ift & introduce ne$$ mat]ial z quickly z w\ld ! m>ket grasp at new plans = ! workrooms4 ,nor is x suffici5t t ! curriculum %\ld adapt itself m]ely to tra9+ girls = trade positions4 ,x is nev] to be =gott5 t ^! /ud5ts are to be made into high] grade work]s & citiz5s1 & t ! great] numb] ( !m w m>ry4 ,9 g5]al1 x c be said t woman's entrance into indu/ry is m or less tempor>y 9 t x is apt to prec$e or to foll[ m>riage1 &1 z a rule1 is n cont9u\s4 ,good citiz5%ip = ^! "y wage-e>n]s %\ld mean ! bett] home z well z ! broad] views ( indu/rial life4 ,! ins]t+ into an already too brief tra9+ ! important factors = mak+ ! bett] home-keep] requires /udy ( ! e?ics & economics ( home & social life 9 addition to ! /udy ( ! indu/rial situation1 & places cont9u\s problems be=e ! faculty4 ,inve/igations ,9 ord] to be 9 vital t\* ) ! practical ne$s & *anges ( ! m>ket1 special inve/igations ( trade h be5 & are cont9ually conduct$ by ! faculty ( ! s*ool4 ,ef=t is made by !m also to keep 9 close contact ) indu/rial & social organizations ( work]s 9 settlem5ts1 clubs1 societies1 & unions1 t all phases ( ! wage-e>n]'s life1 pleasures1 aims1 & ne$s1 may be appreciat$4 ,! pupils 9 att5dance are /udi$ to "k _! conditions ( heal?1 _! t5d5cies1 _! ne$s1 _! improvem5t4 ,aft] _! entry into trade !y are kept 9 t\* ) ! s*ool ?r\gh ! ,placem5t ,bureau1 clubs1 graduate associations1 & also by visits f ! s*ool's inve/igator1 9 ord] to note ! effect ( _! tra9+ on _! self-support1 _! workrooms1 & _! homes4 ,gr\ps ( tra9$ & untra9$ girls are comp>$1 t diff]5ces & b5efits may be not$ & ! true situation may be cle>ly und]/ood4 ,t ! ess5tials ( ?is class ( education might be grasp$ z f> z possible1 ! director ( ! s*ool made a six mon?s' inve/igation ( ! pr(essional s*ools = girls on ! cont95t ( ,europe4 ,?is /udy 0 made aft] ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool _h be5 organiz$ & 0 runn+ successfully4 ,! problems 7 !n well 9 h&1 & advantage c\ld be tak5 ! bett] ( diff]+ /&po9ts4 ,9 "s ,european c\ntries su* practical in/ruction has be5 e/abli%$ = half a c5tury4 ,ea* c\ntry has organiz$ ! "w accord+ to its own view ( woman's position 9 indu/rial & dome/ic life4 ,_m aspects ( ! problem c !re=e be /udi$ & v>i\s c\rses ( in/ruction consult$4 ,?is inve/igation cov]$ ?ree int]e/+ fields4 ,fir/1 ! organization ( ! s*ools1 includ+ ! equipm5t2 ! tea*]s & _! tra9+2 ! budget2 ! ord] "w2 ! relation ( ! s*ool to employ]s2 ! plac+ ( ! girls 9 positions2 ! wages2 ! s*emes = f9ancial aid1 & ! "w ( ! alumn associations4 ,second1 ! trades taught & ! c\rses ( in/ruction2 ! g5]al education requir$ at entrance & t giv5 z an integral "p ( trade2 ! trade-art c\rses2 ! h\sekeep+ & tra9+ ( s]vants2 ! developm5t ( ideas ( bett] liv+ & ! tra9+ = responsibility 9 home & trade life4 ,?ird1 ! visit+ ( workrooms employ+ wom52 ! obta9+ in=mation on ! effect ( trade s*ools2 ! /ud5ts' usefulness & ability to advance1 & a survey ( ! crafts conduct$ 9 ! homes ( ! p4 ,trade ,ord] ,adm9i/ration ,a trade s*ool mu/ d its skill$ h&work 9 ! fa%ion ( ! day & on correct mat]ials1 yet ! /ud5ts are too poor to "w = !mselves4 ,a s*ool budget _c supply su* l>ge quantities ( valuable mat]ials unless x c get "s return = !m4 ,! s*ool %op 9 ea* dep>tm5t1 :]e ord]s bo? private & cu/om are tak51 has prov$ advantage\s1 b involves great problems ( adm9i/ration3 7#a7 ! actual bus9ess me?ods & managem5t connect$ ) ! invoices1 sales1 & deliv]y ( goods2 7#b7 ! obta9+ ( ord]s ne$$ & ( ! quantity desirable2 7#c7 ! tak+ ( cu/om ord]s1 fitt+ ! cu/om]1 & deliv]y ( ord]s on "t2 7#d7 a satisfactory apportionm5t ( ! ord] "w s t ! /ud5ts may pr(it by x & n be expect$ to cont9ue x aft] !y h _h suffici5t exp]i5ce ( "o k9d1 or if !y are n yet able to d ! elaborate "w involv$2 7#e7 ! f9d+ ( op]atives :o w d :at ! /ud5ts _c or %\ld n d2 7#f7 ! exp5se involv$ 9 employ+ work]s at trade prices & = %ort] h\rs2 7#g7 ! co/ ( articles1 & o!r details :i* are involv$ 9 ent]+ into competition ) trade4 ,x may be /at$ t no trade s*ool %\ld und]bid ! m>ket1 b %\ld *>ge ! full prices & expect to give equival5t returns4 ,a trade s*ool _c af=d to be an amateur support$ by a philan?ropic public1 b mu/ h a recogniz$ bus9ess /&>d4 ,placem5t ,problems ( v>i$ k9ds meet ! s*ool 9 plac+ its /ud5ts4 ,ea* new enactm5t ( *ild labor or indu/rial laws has its influ5ce4 ,ev5 a good law w sometimes h a tempor>y s]i\s effect 9 l[]+ wages or turn+ capable girls out ( satisfactory positions4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ t /ud5ts are n plac$ :]e !re is a possibility ( runn+ c\nt] to ! be/ int]e/s ( labor4 ,! desire to place ea* pupil :]e %e c develop to h] highe/ condition requires cont9ual k ( ! m>ket ne$s & ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! _m girls4 ,records ( /ud5ts ent]+1 /udy+1 & plac$1 ! k9ds ( positions op51 & indu/rial & labor in=mation mu/ be kept up to date1 yet su* data are (t5 h>d to secure4 ,trade ,union ,attitude ,an important "q t is always be=e a trade s*ool is ! effect ! in/ruction may h on ! work+ p4 ,x is difficult = "o n cont9ually 9 ! mid/ ( ! pressure ( ! actual trade to "k ! _m ways t ?\ghtless advance 9 trade tea*+ may react to ! disadvantage ( ! v ones t ! s*ool wi%es to help4 ,injury may be done by prep>+ too _m = c]ta9 occupations1 fill+ places :]e a /rike is on1 replac+ well-paid positions ) trade s*ool girls at a less price1 plac+ ! girls at too small a wage = _! skill1 do+ ord] "w at too l[ a price or :5 a /rike is on1 consid]+ too closely ! fitt+ ( a work] = ! employ]'s b5efit r ?an = ! broad5+ ( h] own life1 & l ?\ghtless actions4 ,! difficulties ( ! situation are great & ! solution frequ5tly obscure1 b a fair-m9d$ s*ool mu/ be 9 t\* ) ! ef=t ! work+ woman h]self has inaugurat$ to bett] h] condition4 ,! app>5tly unnecess>y suspicion ) :i* ! labor+ class reg>ds ! organization ( trade in/ruction w\ld h f\ndation if no ?\ght 7 giv5 to ! trade conditions z ! work+ girl sees !m4 ,a trade s*ool = f\rte5-ye>-old girls ne$ n make a po9t ( _! imm$iate entrance into unions1 b x %\ld consid] ! subject simply & wisely 9 all its be>+s1 t ! /ud5ts may "k ! full aims & advantages ( cop]ation z well z ! po9t ( view & _m difficulties ( ! employ]s4 ,contact ) ,trade ,! faculty ( a trade s*ool ne$s ! cop]ation & assi/ance ( ! work+ p & ! employ]s ( labor4 ,only ?r\gh intimate int]relation ) !m c ! be/ & mo/ practical results be obta9$4 ,auxili>ies & committees ( employ]s & ( wage-e>n]s2 visits ( ! /aff ( ! s*ool to trade1 & ( employ]s1 =ewom51 & work]s to ! s*ool2 ! c>ry+ out ( ord]s = workrooms & assi/+ !m at busy seasons1 are "s ( ! ways by :i* ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool has tri$ to ga9 ! help ( ! busy indu/rial _w4 ,problems ( ,f9ancial ,aid ,! aid giv5 to enable ! poore/ /ud5ts to att5d ! s*ool has br\ght its own que/ions1 su* z3 ! dang] ( paup]iz+ ! recipi5ts2 ! me?ods ( select+ ! b5efici>ies2 ! be/ way to give ! weekly aid2 ! developm5t ( a _s ( e>ne/ "w & regul> att5dance 9 ! girls ?us aid$2 ! /imulation ( a desire to return "s equival5t 9 special helpfulness to ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool or to its /ud5ts1 & ! elim9at+ ( ?is philan?ropic ef=t f any app>5t relation to s*ool "w4 ,,footnotes3 ,b ,9 ord] to expla9 ^! problems1 x w be necess>y to repeat "s ( ! data 9 ,"p ,i4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,equipm5t ,,& ,,support ,h\s+ & ,equipm5t ,! fir/ home ( ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool 0 a l>ge f\r-/ory & basem5t dwell+ h\se1 = :i* a r5tal ( #b1ajj p] annum 0 paid4 ,! initial p]man5t equipm5t & fir/ tempor>y /ock provid$ = "o hundr$ /ud5ts1 & co/ #i1ejj4 ,?is am\nt 0 utiliz$ pr9cipally = ! furni%+ ( special rooms = electric p[] op]at+2 = sew+2 = dressmak+2 = mill9]y2 = pa/+2 & = ! m g5]al equipm5t ( (fices1 academic & art rooms1 a kit*51 & a lun* room4 ,! foll[+ li/s %[ ! range ( exp5ses = furni%+ ! ma9 workrooms ) necess>y equipm5t3 ,,g>m5t ,,or ,,dressmak+ ,,workroom ,sew+ ma*9es1 ea* #ah4jj to #gj4jj ,"w1 cutt+1 & iron+ tables1 ea* #f4jj to #bj4jj upw>d ,electric irons1 ea* #g4ge ,gas /ove 7necess>y :5 electric irons are n us$71 ea* #b4jj upw>d ,*eval glass1 ea* #bj4jj to #ajj4jj upw>d ,*airs1 ea* 4#ej to #c4jj upw>d ,exhibition1 /ock closets1 cab9ets1 & *e/s ( draw]s1 ea* #aj4jj to #ajj4jj upw>d ,fitt+ /&s1 ea* #b4jj to #cj4jj upw>d ,fitt+ room 7a curta9$ alcove71 ea* #aj4jj upw>d ,fitt+ room 7a furni%$ room71 ea* #ajj4jj upw>d ,dress =ms1 p] doz5 #cj4jj upw>d ,wai/ =ms1 p] doz5 #f4jj upw>d ,sleeve =ms1 pair #a4jj to #a4ej upw>d ,lock]s1 p] runn+ foot #c4jj to #h4jj upw>d ,a room = tw5ty work]s may be pla9ly furni%$ at a co/ ( #cjj to #ejj4 ,if a l>ge numb] ( exp5sive sew+ ma*9es are desir$1 ! e/imates mu/ be increas$ by sev]al hundr$ doll>s4 ,! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool has =ty foot-p[] ma*9es ( ! k9ds mo/ 9 use 9 ! workrooms ( ,new ,york4 ,! equipp+ ( a workroom = electric p[] op]at+1 includ+ g5]al & special ma*9es1 motor1 cutt+ & "w tables1 cab9ets & *airs1 w be consid]ably m exp5sive ?an ! "o = g>m5t mak+4 ,9 ! latt]1 "o sew+ ma*9e c be us$ by sev]al work]s1 b 9 electric op]at+ ea* work] mu/ h h] own ma*9e4 ,! electric motor adds also to ! exp5se4 ,! m9imum co/ ( equipp+ a %op = tw5ty work]s w\ld be #a1jjj to #a1ejj4 ,! necess>y equipm5t w\ld be z foll[s3 ,,electric ,,op]at+ ,,workroom ,pla9 sew+ ma*9es 9 r[s1 p] head #bb4ej upw>d ,tr\ghs = "w betwe5 ! r[s & tables = ! ma*9es 7p] e two ma*9es7 #aj4jj ,special ma*9es 7two ne$le1 embroid]y1 lace /it*1 buttonhole1 /raw sew+1 & ! l71 ea* accord+ to k9d #ce4jj to #abe4jj ,motor1 ea* #adj4jj upw>d ,electric cutt]1 ea* #be4jj upw>d ,cab9ets1 tables1 *airs1 & irons1 see above ,! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool has fifty-five pla9 electric sew+ ma*9es & ?irty-two special ma*9es1 z foll[s3 ?ree buttonhole1 "o two-ne$le1 "o b9d+1 "o zigzag1 five hem/it*+1 five tuck]1 f\r ,bonnaz1 "o braid]1 "o h& embroid]y1 "o scallop+1 n9e /raw sew+4 ,9 workrooms conduct+ trades :i* use pa/e1 gum1 & glue1 ! foll[+ special equipm5t is requir$3 ,glue pots1 gas1 ea* #g4ej upw>d ,glue pots1 electric1 ea* #ba4ge upw>d ,h& cutt]1 ea* #ej4jj upw>d ,cab9ets1 tables1 *airs1 see above ,! co/ ( equipp+ a %op w\ld be f #bjj to #djj4 ,special ma*9es = p]=at+ designs or = pleat+ mat]ials are (t5 ne$$ 9 tea*+ ! g>m5t trades4 ,:olesale prices c usually be obta9$ :5 ! ord] is l>ge4 ,deal]s h also %[n !mselves will+ to sell _! ma*9es at l[ prices1 to loan !m1 & ev5 to give !m to a s*ool :i* has prov$ its ability to tra9 good work]s4 ,:5 x 0 appreciat$ t ! orig9al qu>t]s ( ! s*ool 7 too limit$1 ! ,bo>d ( ,adm9i/rators w5t to "w ) great en?usiasm & 9 a few mon?s collect$ ! requisite money & b\ght a l>ge bus9ess l(t build+ at #bji-bac ,ea/ #bc;d ,/reet1 at an exp5se ( #age1jjj4 ,to put x 9 ord] = "w co/ #e1jjj 9 addition4 ,! =m] equipm5t 0 us$ & #e1jjj m 0 sp5t = su* ne$$ items z3 ma*9es1 #c1bjj2 motor1 #ceb2 p]=at+ ma*9e1 #ch2 additional ma/] clocks1 #bcc2 *airs & tables1 #hej4 ,! s*ool is furni%$ 9 a simple1 bus9esslike mann]1 ! equipm5t m]ely reproduc+ good workroom requirem5ts1 i4 e41 ess5tials only4 ,! budget = ! fir/ ye>1 #aijb-aijc1 0 #bb1jid4af1 ( :i* ! sal>ies = tea*]s took ab\t "o-half & ! r5t & ma9t5ance cov]$ ! o!r half4 ,dur+ ?is ye> !re 7 #aac /ud5ts admitt$4 ,9 #aijh-aiji1 aft] six ye>s ( rapid gr[?1 ! educational budget is #di1jjj1 or m ?an d\ble ! orig9al1 ( :i* ! sal>ies are #ch1hjf2 ! supplies1 #a1gaj2 pr9t+ & publi%+1 #fjj2 ma9t5ance1 #i1ijj4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( #aijh !re 7 #bed /ud5ts 9 ! s*ool2 #fhi 7 regi/]$ dur+ ! ye>1 mak+ a total ( #idc girls1 be+ almo/ n9e times ! numb] 9 att5dance dur+ ! fir/ ye>4 ,! ,support ,! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool has dep5d$ = its support entirely ^u volunt>y contributions4 ,!re h be5 few l>ge donations & ! donors repres5t all classes ( ! community--patrons ( & work]s 9 sociological1 economic1 philan?ropic1 & educational fields1 employ]s ( labor1 & auxili>ies ( _m k9ds ( work]s organiz$ = special purposes4 ,! mo/ significant help1 p]haps1 & ! l>ge/ 9 proportion to its income1 has be5 t ( ! wage-e>n]s !mselves--n only ! girl :o has b5efit$ by ! in/ruction1 b ! g5]al mass ( wom5 work]s4 ,^! wom51 kn[+ ! difficulties 9 _! own /ruggle to rise1 h %[n !mselves will+ to set ap>t weekly a small sum to help "y girls to atta9 quickly effici5cy ?r\gh sy/ematic tra9+4 ,! auxili>ies ( wage-e>n]s are a ma9/ay ( ! s*ool on acc\nt ( _! helpful en?usiasm1 _! practical sugge/ions1 _! int]e/ 9 girls tra9$ !re1 & _! regul> subscriptions on :i* ! ,bo>d ( ,adm9i/rators c dep5d4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,outl9es ,,& ,,detail$ ,,acc\nts ,,( ,,dep>tm5t ,,"w ,! ,faculty & ,/aff ,! orig9al /aff ( ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool1 #aijb-aijc1 consi/$ ( a ,director1 an ,executive ,secret>y1 #d sup]visors 7,op]at+1 ,dressmak+1 ,pa/+1 & ,art71 #e in/ructors & =ewom51 #d or #e assi/ants & occasional work]s1 a janitor1 & #b clean]s4 ,! pres5t /aff1 #aiji-aiaj1 consi/s ( 7#a7 ,(fice ,adm9i/ration1 #aa3 ,director1 ,executive ,secret>y1 ,assi/ant ,secret>y1 #b ,/5ograph]s 7(fice & placem5t71 ,placem5t ,secret>y1 ,inve/igator1 ,bus9ess ,cl]k1 ,buy]1 & #b ,assi/ants 7records1 telephone1 etc474 7#b7 ,tea*+ ,=ce1 ,sup]visors1 & ,assi/ant ,sup]visors1 #g3 ,dressmak+1 ,dressmak+ workroom1 ,electric ,op]at+1 ,mill9]y1 ,novelty1 ,physical ,education1 ,art4 ,in/ructors1 ,tea*]s1 & ,=ewom51 #aa3 ,academic1 #b2 ,dressmak+1 #c2 ,op]at+1 #e2 ,art1 #a4 ,assi/ants1 #ad3 ,dressmak+1 #g2 ,novelty1 #c2 ,op]at+1 #a2 ,physical ,education1 #b2 ,art1 #a4 7#c7 ,doctor4 7#d7 ,c>e ( ,build+1 #g3 ,eng9e]1 ,janitor1 ,ma*9i/1 ,clean]s #b1 ,elevator boy1 & ,night wat*man4 ,,adm9i/ration ,admission ,requirem5ts ,i4 ,age3 f\rte5 to sev5te5 ye>s4 ,! law requires a *ild to rema9 9 public s*ool until f\rte54 ,! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool has f\nd t "u f\rte5 a girl is too immature to specialize 9 trade "w1 & t ov] sev5te5 mo/ girls are too mature to fit into ! "w plann$ = ! majority ( ! class4 ,,ii4 ,public ,s*ool ,grade3 #e-;,a or above4 ,! subject matt] ( #e-;,a grade or its equival5t is requir$ by ! /ate be=e a *ild c leave to "w4 ,if = illness or o!r good cause a girl has n made ?is grade1 %e is admitt$ to ! ,trade ,s*ool ) special p]mission ( pr9cipal ( la/ s*ool att5d$1 &1 :ile /udy+ h] trade1 ! necess>y am\nt ( s*ool+ is made up to h] by special classes & coa*+4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,heal? recognizes ?is sub/itute4 ,grade ( girls admitt$ s9ce beg9n+ is %[n 9 foll[+ table3 ,,grade ,,^u ,,leav+ ,,s*ool ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,bel[ ,fif? ,six? ,sev5? ,eigh? ,graduate ,high ,fif? ,grade ,grade ,grade ,grade ,p] ,s*ool ,grade ,p] ,p] ,p] ,p] c5t4 ,p] ,p] c5t4 c5t4 c5t4 c5t4 c5t4 c5t4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijb #h #ai #ce #bf #b #aj #j #aijc #aa #ah #ai #bi #f #ae #b #aijd #f #aa #ae #be #af #be #b #aije #g #ae #ai #ai #ag #ai #d #aijf #h #af #bj #bc #ag #ac #c #aijg #g #aj #be #bc #ae #ah #b #aijh #d #ae #bf #bj #ac #af #f ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,dur+ #aijh1 #adc old] wom5 7 admitt$ to a special workroom op5$ = ! unemploy$4 ,,iii4 ,fil+ ( work+ pap]s is requir$ ( girls "u sixte54 #a4 ,no girl "u sixte5 c "w 9 ,new ,york unless %e has an ,employm5t ,c]tificate issu$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,heal?1 & !n only f #h ,a4,m4 to #e ,p4,m41 or = eight h\rs daily4 #b4 ,! public s*ool la/ att5d$ by ! girl is responsible = h] until %e is sixte51 or has h] work+ pap]s1 or is dismiss$ to ano!r s*ool4 ,if dismiss$ to ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool h] att5dance !re _c be made compulsory1 & %e may att5d a few days & !n leave & "w illegally4 ,our facilities = foll[+ up su* cases are limit$4 ,) h] work+ pap]s on file we "k %e is n evad+ ! law1 & c dismiss h] to "w if %e is n a success 9 trade l9es ( tra9+4 #c4 ,exceptions3 ,lack ( prop] bir? record1 on acc\nt ( =eign bir? or failure to make record ( x by (ficials1 may prev5t ! obta9+ ( an ,employm5t ,c]tificate4 ,a special provision is made by ! ,bo>d ( ,heal? 9 su* cases1 &1 p5d+ adju/m5t1 ! girl is admitt$ ^u notice ( date ( future issuance4 ,,iv4 ,ref]5ce3 ,"s reliable p]son's "n is requir$ ( ea* apply+ /ud5t1 9 ord] to h "s "o to communicate ) 9 case ( difficulty ( any k9d4 ,v4 ,application 9 p]son3 ,ea* girl fills out an application blank giv+ "n1 address1 & bir?place ( self1 fa!r1 & "m1 public s*ool att5dance1 previ\s trade exp]i5ce1 if any1 trade desir$1 ref]5ce4 ,?is mu/ be writt5 at ! s*ool1 = ! mann] 9 :i* x is done is a l>ge "p ( te/ = admission4 ,times ( ,admission ,! s*ool ye> beg9s 9 ,july1 b a girl is admitt$ any ,monday :5 !re is a vacancy 9 ! dep>tm5t %e wi%es to ent]4 ,! foll[+ table gives record ( ye>ly admission3 --------------------------------- ,nov4 #b1 #aijb 7fir/ day7 #bj ,re/ ( #aijb #ic #aijc #aci #aijd #aic #aije #bci #aijf #cbh #aijg #dcc #aijh #fhi #aiji #eag -------- ,total #b1fea --------------------------------- ,"s ( ^! /ud5ts did n rema9 long en\gh to take a ?or\gh tra9+1 = home dem&s made ev5 a small wage imp]ative1 & ! girl _h to jo9 ! ranks ( e>n]s ill prep>$4 ,"s 7 n adapt$ to trade conditions1 & soon fell out by ! way4 ,_m p]si/$ until !y took m ?an ! av]age twelve mon?s' c\rse1 & w5t into bus9ess at a proportionately high] wage4 ,records ,i4 ,att5dance3 #a4 ,daily1 ,monday to ,friday inclusive4 ,! factory me?od ( "t c>ds pun*$ by a clock ^u entrance & leav+ has be5 adopt$ z be+ mo/ exact1 bus9esslike1 & "t sav+4 ,x regi/]s ! exact "t :5 rung1 & s indicates t>d9ess z well z abs5ce4 #b4 ,weekly4 ,a small fil+ c>d rul$ = fifty-two weeks summ>izes ! daily record ( "t c>ds & requires ! m>k+ att5dance only once a week4 ,?is file is subdivid$ into dep>tm5ts & aga9 into classes1 s t ! /ati/ics ( enrollm5t are easily ga!r$4 ,,ii4 ,individual records3 #a4 ,^u admission a record c>d is />t$ = ea* girl1 no matt] h[ long %e may att5d4 ,?is conta9s 7#a7 ! data giv5 ^u ! application blank copi$ 9 detail2 7#b7 ,/ud5t ,aid1 if giv51 am\nt1 date1 & rem>ks4 #b4 ,^u leav+1 entries are made on ! same c>d ( 7#a7 date & cause ( leav+2 7#b7 record 9 diff]5t dep>tm5ts--,art1 ,academic1 ,trade1 & ,heal?2 7#c7 c]tificate--k9d1 record1 date4 ,?is is n grant$ until ! pupil has prov$ satisfactory 9 h] trade bo? 9 ! s*ool & 9 bus9ess2 7#d7 ,trade ,record--^u ! rev]se side ( ! c>d is ! record 9 trade aft] leav+ s*ool1 ) columns = date1 employ]1 k9d ( "w1 wages1 rem>ks4 ,?is is kept up by ! ,placem5t ,secret>y by frequ5t visits & lett]s1 & gives ! basis = _m valuable d$uctions z to ! practical results ( ! tra9+4 ,,iii4 ,o!r records kept 9 dep>tm5ts are 7#a7 ,/ud5t ,aid3 application & in=mation2 7#b7 ,heal?3 exam9ations ^u entrance & future rexam9ations2 7#c7 ,dep>tm5t3 records ( ea* girl z %e passes f class to class1 su* z attitude1 spe$1 & skill4 ,l5g? ( ,ye> ,! s*ool is 9 session =ty-eight weeks ea* ye>1 f\r weeks be+ giv5 up to "o-week vacations at ,*ri/mas1 ,ea/]1 ,f\r? ( ,july1 & ,labor ,day4 ,! summ] session is ! beg9n+ ( ! regul> "w1 & n a unit = summ] tra9+4 ,no "o is admitt$ = ! summ] only1 z ! "t is too %ort = real trade /&>ds to be approa*$4 ,tuition ,! tuition is absolutely free4 ,! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool aims to rea* ! poore/ girl :o has little *ance to advance rapidly unless "s "o gives h] a lift4 ,9 ord] to d ?is mo/ effectively x is sometimes necess>y to assi/ h]4 7,see ! report ( ! ,/ud5t ,aid ,"w47 ,*oice ( ,trade ,a girl ^u application c select ! trade into :i* %e wi%es to g4 ,if aft] a mon?'s trial %e proves compet5t1 %e is all[$ to cont9ue2 if n1 %e is advis$ to *ange to ano!r dep>tm5t or to seek employm5t 9 "w n taught at ! ,trade ,s*ool4 ,if a girl has no *oice ( trade because ( ignorance ( possibilities1 %e is %[n ! k9ds taught & giv5 a *ance to make a selection4 ,if !n %e is undecid$1 %e is advis$ to take :at seems be/ adapt$ to ! "t %e c sp5d & ! type ( girl %e appe>s to be4 ,bus9ess ,managem5t ,h[ev] simple a s*ool is1 "s bookkeep+ is necess>y1 & :5 ) ! runn+ ( ! s*ool is comb9$ ! managem5t ( trade ord] supplies & receipts ! problem becomes v complicat$4 7,see ,trade ,ord] ,"w47 ,i4 ,g5]al3 ,a sy/em ( up-to-date bookkeep+ ( ,g5]al ,l$g]1 ,invoice ,book1 & ,daily ,exhibit1 ) details work$ out 9 ,petty ,ca% & ,ma9t5ance ,books1 has be5 adopt$4 ,^! few simple books s di/ribute acc\nts ( exp5se & receipts t "o c soon see ! /&+ ( ! :ole s*ool or ( a s+le dep>tm5t4 ,all bookkeep+ is c5traliz$ 9 "o (fice1 except ! tak+ ( ord]s & ! details ( fill+ !m1 :i* mu/ be 9 ! h&s ( ! dep>tm5t conc]n$4 ,,ii4 ,dep>tm5tal3 #a4 ,requisition blanks = pur*ases made4 #b4 ,ord] blank & duplicate = ord] giv5 by cu/om]4 #c4 ,"t slips1 :]ev] possible1 to get exact record ( "t value ( "w done4 #d4 ,mat]ial slips1 to keep acc\nt ( :at has gone into any ord]s4 #e4 ,f9al bill+1 to give data = bills s5t out f ma9 (fice & duplicate fil$ !re = f9al records4 ,,! ,,p[] ,,ma*9e ,,op]at+ ,,dep>tm5t ,aim ,to tra9 girls to "w on sew+ ma*9es run by electric p[] & to put a ?9k] beh9d e ma*9e z its op]ator4 ,! dep>tm5t hopes by awak5+ intellig5t int]e/ 9 ! tool1 i4 e41 ! ma*9e1 to k9dle ambition 9 ! work]s4 ,x is only ?r\gh ! intellig5t use ( ! tool & consequ5t love ( "w :i* foll[s t we c look =w>d to supply+ ! skill$ ma*9e work]s ( ! future4 ,?is tra9+ mu/ be giv5 :ile ! girls are 9 ! =mative p]iod1 to develop habits ( ?\ght & action :i* w c\nt]act ! bad effects ^u ! work] t foll[ division & subdivision ( "w1 ) consequ5t subdivision ( ability1 :i* takes place 9 all factories today4 ,:5 a pupil has be5 ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 ! intellig5t use ( h] tool1 :5 %e has le>n$ to con/ruct complete g>m5ts1 if %e is !n1 ?r\gh =ce ( circum/ances su* z mod]n production entails1 compell$ to c>ry out "o process on ! ma*9e indef9itely1 or to make "o "p ( a g>m5t1 %e /ill holds ! balance ( p[] 9 be+ prep>$ to d some?+ else :5 opportunity or necessity dem&s4 ,g5]al ,/eps 9 ,tra9+ ,i4 ,a pupil mu/ be giv5 a %ort "t to adju/ h]self to ! work%op environm5t1 consequ5tly %e is put fir/ at "s simple "w1 su* z ripp+ or cutt+ up old g>m5ts4 ,?is gives h] fre$om :ile us+ h] h&s to look ab\t ! workroom & to get accu/om$ to ! sight z well z to ! s\nd ( ma*9es 9 action4 ,,ii4 ,! pupil is taught to control ! p[] by :i* ! ma*9e is run1 & is !n giv5 an intellig5t und]/&+ ( ! me*anism ( ! ma*9e or ma*9es %e is to op]ate4 ,,iii4 ,! pupil !n beg9s h] regul> c\rse ( "w1 & h] feel+ ( responsibility ( ! value ( "t is awak5$--t is1 h] seconds1 m9utes1 & h\rs1 days1 weeks1 & mon?s are n[ important factors 9 h] life1 & !y may be us$ = good or evil4 ,9 ! language ( ! dep>tm5t1 "t may be sp5t wisely or fooli%ly1 &1 :ile /udy+ at ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool1 sev5 h\rs out ( e day ( ! girl's life is giv5 ov] to productive "w & %\ld be acc\nt$ =4 ,! dep>tm5t has develop$ its own plan ( "t paym5ts1 :i* is mu* l ! piece-"w sy/em employ$ 9 trade4 ,?r\gh its rew>ds = "t well sp5t x makes ! fact real to ! pupils1 z no =m ( puni%m5t c\ld d1 t wa/$ "t is gone =ev]4 ,! dep>tm5t is divid$ into five classes1 ?ree ( :i* mu/ be tak5 to make an all-r\nd op]ator1 namely3 ,elem5t>y1 two mon?s' c\rse2 ,int]m$iate1 f\r mon?s' c\rse2 ,advanc$1 six mon?s' c\rse4 ,9 trade1 sal>ies = su* positions range f #e to #ae4 ,! o!r two classes tra9 speciali/s on ! electric ma*9es1 special ma*9es ( v>i\s k9ds1 /raw-sew+ ma*9es4 ,special ma*9e "w requires f ?ree mon?s to "o ye> 9 addition to ! full c\rse ( all-r\nd op]at+4 ,sal>ies range f #f to #cj4 ,an exp]t trade work] is 9 *>ge ( ea* class4 ,c\rse ( ,"w ,regul> ,op]at+ ,c\rse3 #a4 ,control ( p[]--le>n+ names & uses ( p>ts ( ma*9es4 ,mak+ bags1 clo!s1 & op]ator's equipm5t4 #b4 ,/raight & bias /it*+1 equal di/ance ap>t4 #c4 ,spac$ bias /it*+ f giv5 measurem5ts4 #d4 ,mak+ & turn+ squ>e corn]s1 /it*+ heavy edge = t5sion practice4 #e4 ,ma*9e table apron1 us+ =m] pr9ciples4 ,?is is us$ to protect op]ator f %aft+ & oil4 #f4 ,seams3 ,pla9 seam1 pla9 & b& seam2 ,fr5* seam2 bag seam on w>p2 bag seam1 "o w>p & "o bias2 bag seam1 two biases4 #g4 ,hemm+3 ,diff]5t siz$ hems turn$ by h& = correct measurem5ts2 hems run ?r\gh hemm] to le>n use ( atta*m5t & give spe$2 seams ?r\gh hemm]--bag seam1 flat fell4 #h4 ,quilt+3 ,foll[+ designs made by pupils 9 ,art ,dep>tm5t4 ,practice = control ( p[]1 />t+ & /opp+ ma*9e at giv5 po9t4 #i4 ,b&+3 ,/raight & bias b&s plac$ by measurem5t f design made 9 ,art ,dep>tm5t4 ,practice = edge /it*+1 turn+ corn]s1 accuracy ( measurem5t4 #aj4 ,advanc$ seams on clo? & silk3 ,flannel seam1 slot seam1 umbrella seam4 #aa4 ,yokes made & put on3 ,r\nd yokes--petticoats2 r\nd front & /raight back--draw]s & petticoats2 bias yokes--wai/s2 %ap$ yokes--aprons2 r\nd yokes--*ildr5's dresses2 mit] corn] yoke--dresses4 #ab4 ,tuck+3 ,free h& tuck+ = accuracy 9 measur+ & use ( rule2 special tuck+ on l5g? & wid?s ( diff]5t mat]ials to give spe$ & skill 9 h&l+ diff]5t fabrics4 ,g5]al ,con/ruction3 ,trade ,/ock & ,ord] ,"w 7,see ,ord] ,"w73 ,infants' slips1 *ildr5's und]we>2 *ildr5's romp]s2 *ildr5's dresses2 wom5's und]we>2 %irtwai/s2 aprons2 h\se dresses2 fancy negligees4 ,special ,ma*9e ,"w3 ,buttonholes2 tuck+2 two-ne$le "w2 hem/it*+2 ,bonnaz 7,corneli7 embroid]y2 ma*9e h& embroid]y1 scallop+4 ,/ud5ts ( special ability only are fitt$ to take ?is c\rse4 ,"o girl 9 fifte5 has usually ! requisite application & self-control to op]ate a special ma*9e successfully4 ,ea* ma*9e is specializ$1 i4 e41 does its own p>ticul> "w & no o!r4 ,pati5t att5tion to little ?+s is requir$ on ! "p ( ! op]ator 9 ord] t good results may be produc$4 ,su* ma*9es are suppos$ to ne$ only a h& beh9d !m to guide ! "w4 ,our exp]i5ce has prov$ to u t good results are produc$ only :5 intellig5ce & pati5ce are factors4 ,9 ! factories1 ma*9i/s keep ! special ma*9es 9 ord]1 b ! s*ool aims to tra9 ! op]ator to keep h] own ma*9e 9 good condition1 ?us sav+ h] valuable "t4 ,bonnaz 7,corneli7 embroid]y "w (f]s excell5t opportunities = correlation ) ! ,art ,dep>tm5t4 ,bo? ,bonnaz 7,corneli7 & ma*9e h& embroid]y mu/ be felt 9 ! muscles be=e !y c be c>ri$ out on ! mat]ial1 !re=e ! "w ) ! p5cil 9 mak+ designs :i* are to be c>ri$ out on ! ma*9e is ( fir/ importance4 ,free-h& designs mu/ be made fir/ 9 l>ge1 free movem5ts on ! ma*9e until ! arm muscles are ?or\ghly famili> ) ! curve1 sweep1 & feel+ to be execut$4 ,aft] ma/]y ( movem5t & sweep are acquir$1 ! same designs may be r$uc$ 9 size t5 or tw5ty times & ! pupil w /ill "w !m out 9 p]fect rhy?m4 ,aft] ! ma/]y ( movem5t is acquir$1 ! cord+1 braid+1 & ?ree-?read atta*m5t "w are easily le>n$ by a pupil :o has ! necess>y me*anical s5se4 ,! c\rse ( ,bonnaz 7,corneli7 "w cov]s3 *a9 /it*1 lett]+1 appliqu "w1 cord+1 braid+1 ?ree-?read "w4 ,ma*9e h& embroid]y %\ld be giv5 z a supplem5t>y c\rse to ,bonnaz 7,corneli7 embroid]y4 ,x gives excell5t tra9+ 9 design & color "w4 ,special trade ma*9e /raw sew+ %\ld also be tak5 up aft] ! regul> c\rse 9 op]at+4 ,x gives spl5did ex]cise = quick h&l+ ( mat]ial1 b makes a poor f\ndation ( itself on :i* to build a pa9/ak+1 exp]t1 all-r\nd op]ator4 ,spe$ is ! fir/ requisite 9 gett+ a hat prop]ly %ap$1 z ! /raw braid is fly+ ?r\gh ! ma*9e at ! rate ( f\r ?\s& /it*es a m9ute2 h5ce ! g5]al op]at+ is giv5 fir/ to ! pupil to tra9 h] 9 ! requisite neatness4 ,z /raw-sew+ has long slack seasons1 ! op]ator c dur+ su* times return to ! regul> op]at+4 ,,dressmak+ ,,dep>tm5t ,aim ,! aim ( ! ,dressmak+ ,dep>tm5t is to tra9 girls 9 ! elem5ts ( ! dressmak+ trade1 9 ord] to enable !m to imm$iately secure employm5t z improv]s & f9i%]s or z assi/ants on skirts1 wai/s1 & sleeves1 & to give !m a prep>ation :i* w help !m ev5tually to rise to positions ( skill & responsibility4 ,! tra9+ elim9ates ! err& girl & appr5tice%ip /ages1 & makes possible a liv+ wage at ! />t4 ,! result is accompli%$ 9 f n9e to sev5te5 mon?s1 ! "t dep5d+ entirely ^u ! capability ( ! girl1 h] physical condition1 h] application to h] "w1 h] regul>ity ( att5dance1 & h] previ\s tra9+4 ,classes ,! dep>tm5t is divid$ into ?ree sections3 7#a7 ,! ,elem5t>y1 :i* consi/s ( two classes = ! tea*+ ( simple sew+ & ma*9e "w4 ,?is section is r5d]$ necess>y by ! poor prep>ation ( ! /ud5ts at ! entrance4 ,x w\ld be n only practical b desirable = elem5t>y public & indu/rial s*ools s to tra9 _! /ud5ts t !y c\ld omit ?is "p ( ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool c\rse4 7#b7 ,! ,vocational4 ,?is section also includes two classes4 ,! "w is tradelike 9 "*1 b mu* "t has to be giv5 to develop+ "r habits ( "w z well z to le>n+ specific k9ds ( h&work4 ,! public second>y s*ools c\ld (f] ?is section to advantage1 & ?r\gh x tra9 pupils = a bett] k ( ! home or = future livelihood4 7#c7 ,! ,trade ,section4 ,?is is a bus9ess %op1 :i* reproduces trade conditions z ne>ly z possible & is subdivid$ into ! same progressive divisions4 ,al?\gh ! object is to "w z trade does1 ! educational aim is also prom95t1 & ! c\rse ( tra9+ has be5 plann$ ) bo? ends 9 view4 ,ord] "w plays an important "p 9 ?is section1 = x makes possible ! quantity & v>iety ( mat]ial necess>y to supply ! _m repetitions ( important phases ( dressmak+1 ! new views ( old pr9ciples1 & ! elaborate co/ume manufactur+ :i* are ne$$ 9 ! tra9+4 ,x w\ld be impossible = a s*ool to adequately deal ) ! _m v>ieties ( g>m5ts 9 ?is trade )\t "s equival5t = ! ord] "w4 ,! use ( models or ( practice mat]ial is n satisfactory on acc\nt ( ! great diff]5ce betwe5 !oretical & practical k 9 h&l+ valuable mat]ials4 ,a girl may le>n to run f9e tucks on *eeseclo?1 b ?is w n enable h] to d satisfactory h&-tuck+ on *iffon4 ,nei!r is x a correct educational or economic pr9ciple to cut up quantities ( good mat]ial1 :i* ! /ud5ts w look ^u z rags1 & !n1 aft] work+ on !m1 to ?r[ !m into a receptacle = wa/e or sell !m simply to get rid ( !m4 ,to secure ! be/ results 9 any l9e ( in/ruction !re mu/ be int]e/ & en?usiasm4 ,! aim1 !re=e1 mu/ be def9ite & ! results vital4 ,! "w is plann$ to fo/] ^! high] qualities4 ,! /ud5ts produce articles = a def9ite use2 !y are giv5 a requir$ "t 9 :i* ! "w %\ld be complet$2 trade itself sets ! /&>d ( judgm5t1 & a def9ite relation exi/s betwe5 ! "w ( all ! classes1 s t old pr9ciples may be recogniz$ :5 pres5t$ 9 new =ms4 ,c\rses ( ,"w ,i4 ,elem5t>y ,section4 7#a7 ,beg9n]s' ,class4 ,fir/1 a te/ is giv5 ea* girl :5 %e ent]s :i* enables h] in/ructor to judge ( h] ability 9 sew+4 ,x has be5 f\nd necess>y1 9 ! majority ( cases1 to tea* all or ! great] "p ( ! foll[+ pr9ciples3 ! use ( sew+ ut5sils1 ! mak+ ( ! /it*es1 _! application 9 articles1 & ! runn+ ( ! sew+ ma*9e4 ,h5ce ! second /ep has be5 a c\rse ( "w cov]+ ! use ( ^! ne$$ pr9ciples1 ea* girl beg9n+ at ! po9t :]e %e ne$s tra9+4 ,?ird1 ! f9al te/4 ,on ! satisfactory completion ( ?is v elem5t>y tra9+ a te/ is giv5 to %[ a girl's ability to "w1 to ?9k1 & to utilize ideas4 ,if %e is n yet fully prep>$1 fur!r "t is sp5t 9 emphasiz+ ! po9ts %e /ill requires4 ,! "w 9 ! ,beg9n]s' ,class is done ^u articles :i* h a trade value & :i* are sold to cu/om]s or to ! /ud5ts = ab\t ! co/ ( ! mat]ials4 ,! s*ool furni%es ! mat]ials = all elem5t>y "w1 b ! /ud5ts mu/ provide _! own tools & keep !m 9 good condition4 ,^! include a ?imble1 ne$les1 scissors1 a tape measure1 an em]y1 & a :ite apron4 ,class in/ruction foll[$ by individual criticism is ! me?od ( tea*+ 9 ! ,elem5t>y ,section4 ,emphasis is plac$ ^u ! prop] use ( ! ut5sils1 ! position ( ! body1 & ! h&l+ ( ! "w4 ,individual records are kept ( ! grade ( "w & ( ! "t tak5 to f9i% a problem4 ,! c\rse takes f two to ?ree mon?s to complete1 & ! /ud5ts are at "w f\r & "o-half h\rs p] day4 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,"w ,,9 ,,beg9n]s' ,,class #a4 ,/it*es & special =ms ( sew+3 ,ba/+1 runn+1 ov]h&+1 ov]ca/+1 hemm+1 bl9d /it*+1 sew+ on buttons 7two hole1 f\r hole71 buttonholes1 fea!r/it*+4 #b4 ,seams3 ,pla92 selvage & raw edges2 ,fr5*2 fell$2 /raight & bias edges2 ov]h&$4 #c4 ,ma*9e /it*+3 ,/raight seams & r[s2 hems2 fac+s--po9ts2 use ( tuck]4 #d4 ,pr9ciples3 ,measur+1 seams1 hems1 tucks1 cutt+ by a ?read2 mat*+ /ripes2 turn+ & ba/+ hems2 mak+ cas+ = draw/r+s2 putt+ on b&--by h&1 by ma*9e--"o & two pieces2 sett+ /r+s into b&s2 f9i%+ ends ( hems2 putt+ on pockets--/raight & %ap$2 pla9 placket2 cutt+ bias /rips2 piec+ bias /rips2 fac+ curv$ & /raight edges 7armholes1 neck1 wai/1 po9ts72 jo9+ wai/ & skirt ) bias fac+2 mak+ /raight tuck$ ruffle2 ins]t+ ruffle "u tuck on skirt2 ripp+4 #e4 ,articles us$ 9 ! "w 7?is li/ is *ang$ at w & is m]ely repres5tative73 ,h&work--,p9 cu%ion1 bag1 t[el1 :ite apron ) ruffle4 ,ma*9e "w--,belt1 g+ham apron ov]sleeves1 *ild's dress ) wai/1 uni=m apron4 #f4 ,supplem5t>y "w3 ,%oe bags1 silv] cases1 hold]s1 bibs1 silk bags1 d>n+ bags1 ne$le books1 travel+ cases1 baby caps & "w ( a simil> "*4 #g4 ,mat]ials us$3 ,cotton1 l951 silk4 7#b7 ,int]m$iate ,class4 ,! ,beg9n]s' ,class gives mo/ ( its "t to h& sew+1 ! ,int]m$iate ,class emphasizes ma*9e sew+4 ,! "w is a repetition ( ! pr9ciples taught 9 ! ,beg9n]s' ,class1 b is pres5t$ 9 a diff]5t mann]1 ) new applications4 ,ord]s are tak5 f individuals or bus9ess h\ses = ! g>m5ts :i* are made 9 ?is c\rse4 ,! price is t ( ! trade4 ,^! ord]s furni% a m>ket = ! entire output ( ! class4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( class in/ruction is giv51 b ! girls are expect$ to d indep5d5t "w "u sup]vision4 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,"w ,,9 ,,int]m$iate ,,class #a4 ,review ( =m] pr9ciples on new g>m5ts3 7#a7 ,fr5* seam--/raight edges1 baby slips & nightg[ns4 7#b7 ,hems1 7a7 /raight1 7b7 turn$ by h&1 on pr9cess aprons1 bloom]s1 sleeves1 etc41 7c7 turn$ by ma*9e--hemm] on ruffles1 = draw]s & petticoats4 7#c7 ,ov]ca/+--seams ( skirts4 7#d7 ,buttonholes--all g>m5ts4 7#e7 ,plackets--pla9 hemm$1 on skirts1 baby slips4 7#f7 ,bias b&s--jo9+ & apply+ to /raight & curv$ edges1 on pr9cess aprons1 draw]s1 top ( petticoat4 7#g7 ,ruffle--jo9+1 measur+1 & apply+ "u tuck1 on skirt & draw]s4 7#h7 ,ma*9e in/ruction--?read+1 sett+ ne$les1 w9d+ bobb91 scale ( ?read1 ne$le1 & /it*4 #b4 ,new pr9ciples3 7#a7 ,flat fell--%ap$ & bias edges on pr9cess aprons & draw]s4 7#b7 ,fr5* seam--%ap$ edges 9 petticoat seams4 7#c7 ,loops--on petticoats & dress+ sacques4 7#d7 ,hems--%ap$ edges 9 gor$ skirts1 pr9cess aprons & nightg[ns1 baby slips & *ildr5's dresses4 7#e7 ,ov]h&+--pieces on nightg[ns1 piec+ ruffles & lace on und]we>4 7#f7 ,plackets--fac$ 9 draw]s1 petticoats1 bloom]s1 & dress skirts4 7#g7 ,bias b&--apply+ to top ( ruffle 9 petticoats & draw]s4 7#h7 ,bias b9d+--corset cov] & nightg[n4 7#i7 ,ruffle--f9i%+ ) bias b&s on petticoat & draw]s4 7#aj7 ,cuffs--mak+ & apply+ to nightg[ns1 baby slips1 romp]s1 & h\se dresses4 7#aa7 ,sleeves--ga!r+ on wrong side & putt+ into baby slips1 nightg[ns1 dress+ sacques1 etc4 7#ab7 ,press+4 7#ac7 ,sew+ hooks & eyes on petticoats4 7#ad7 ,ma*9e in/ruction 9 clean+1 oil+1 & atta*m5ts4 #c4 ,li/ ( articles made = /ock & ord]3 ,aprons--pr9cess1 maids'1 fancy4 ,wom5's clo!s--dress+ sacques1 nightg[ns1 kimonos1 l\ng+ robes1 h\se dresses1 *emises1 draw]s1 skirts 7wa%able1 mohair1 silk71 coll>s1 & corset cov]s4 ,*ildr5's clo!s--nightdresses1 night draw]s1 draw]s1 skirts1 romp]s1 dresses1 & aprons4 #d4 ,mat]ials us$3 ,cotton1 silk1 wool51 & wor/$4 ,,ii4 ,vocational ,section4 ,! increas+ dem& = ready-made clo?+ has op5$ a new field = girls oblig$ to ent] ! bus9ess _w z soon z ! law w p]mit !m to leave s*ool4 ,?is requires h& f9i%+ on fancy wai/s & pla9 & fancy g[ns1 :i* are made by ! doz5s on ma*9es run by electric p[]4 ,x is n necess>y to h a k ( actual dressmak+ to be able to d ?is "w4 ,! ability to d good h&work rapidly is ! pr]equisite4 ,9 "s e/abli%m5ts !re are opportunities = girls ( ability to rise f f9i%] to drap]1 :i* latt] position comm&s a high wage4 ,! produc+ ( f9e1 h&made und]we>1 wai/s1 & dresses is ano!r opportunity = girls :o c take b a %ort "t 9 :i* to prep>e to e>n _! liv+4 ,"w ( ?is "* is ( a mu* high] grade ?an t ( ! :olesale f9i%+1 & dem&s ! ability to d extremely good h& & ma*9e "w4 ,! work] mu/ be able to h&le ! f9e/ k9d ( mat]ials & to d ! mo/ intricate "w1 su* z h& tuck+1 sett+ 9 lace1 & trimm+s4 ,al?\gh ! c\rse 9 ! ,vocational ,section tra9s = specific bran*es1 x is v necess>y t all dressmak+ /ud5ts %\ld h exp]i5ce 9 ^! l9es 9 ord] to be bett] prep>$ = ! actual dressmak+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a girl has ! ability to d ! "w ( ^! classes1 %e is all[$ to skip ei!r "o or bo? ( !m4 ,c\rse ( "w 9 ! ,%op = ,gymnasium & ,swimm+ ,suits3 ,! /ud5ts are drill$ = "o or two mon?s 9 putt+ g>m5ts toge!r1 /it*+1 & f9i%+4 ,z b two k9ds ( g>m5ts are made1 spe$ is acquir$ & a c]ta9 am\nt ( accuracy is ga9$ ?r\gh mu* repetition4 ,def9ite arrangem5ts h be5 made ?r\gh :olesale h\ses = ! disposition ( ! product4 ,! mat]ials are furni%$ by ! s*ool4 ,! price is t ( trade4 7#a7 ,articles3 ,swimm+ suits 7pat5t$71 ba?+ suits1 & gymnasium suits4 7#b7 ,mat]ials us$3 ,cotton1 wool1 wor/$4 ,c\rse ( "w 9 ,:ite ,"w ,class3 ,! previ\s tra9+ hav+ be5 a g5]al "o = accuracy1 spe$1 & ! ma/]y ov] m9d & h&1 att5tion is n[ giv5 = two & "o-half or ?ree mon?s to f9e detail "w & ! h&l+ & keep+ fre% & clean ( ! da9tie/ ( cotton goods4 ,! mat]ials are furni%$ by ! s*ool & ! "w is sold to cu/om]s at trade prices4 7#a7 ,pr9ciples3 ,h&-tuck+1 roll+ & :ipp+1 mit]+ corn]s1 ov]h&+ trimm+1 ins]t+ lace & embroid]y by h& & ma*9e1 f9e fea!r/it*+1 & :ite h& embroid]y4 7#b7 ,g>m5ts = /ock & ord]2 f9e und]we>1 wai/s1 & baby clo!s4 7#c7 ,mat]ial us$3 cotton4 ,,iii4 ,trade ,section--,! ,bus9ess ,%op4 ,trade dem&s skill$ work]s1 & pref]5ce is giv5 to ^? :o h _h practical tra9+4 ,! trade section aims to add exp]i5ce to skill by (f]+ ! /ud5ts ! actual "w & conditions dem&$ 9 ! outside m>ket4 ,! g5]al s*eme is ! "o 9 use 9 mod]ate-siz$ dressmak+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,! workroom has its tables devot$ to sep>ate k9ds ( "w1 ! /ud5ts obta9 a def9ite am\nt ( k f ea* exp]i5ce1 & pass f "o to ! o!r z rapidly z _! ability to grasp ! pr9ciples w p]mit4 ,ea* division is 9 *>ge ( an in/ructor ) practical trade exp]i5ce1 :o prep>es & sup]vises ! "w & also does ! skill$ p>ts :i* ! /ud5ts1 on acc\nt ( _! lack ( exp]i5ce1 are unable to d4 ,! girls are n taught cutt+1 fitt+1 & drap+1 z trade w\ld n p]mit a sixte5-ye>-old girl to attempt ?is "w on acc\nt ( h] lack ( judgm5t & exp]i5ce2 b !y h ! opportunity to see & assi/ 9 ! prep>ation ( "w4 ,no girl 9 ! trade %op w make a complete g>m5t1 b %e w h work$ ^u all p>ts _m times4 ,cu/om ord]s supply ! %op ) "w4 ,! cu/om]s are int]view$1 measurem5ts are tak51 e/imates are giv51 & dates = fitt+s are plann$4 ,! in=mation obta9$ is record$ ^u blanks prep>$ = ! purpose4 ,! mat]ials are pur*as$1 ! g>m5ts cut1 & ! diff]5t p>ts 7skirts1 wai/s1 sleeves7 are deliv]$ to ! tables :]e su* "w is done4 ,blanks are provid$ = ! record+ ( all mat]ials us$ = cu/om]s' "w1 & f ^! ! bills are made out 9 ! ma9 (fice4 ,/ock is obta9$ f ! /or]ooms on sign$ requisitions only4 ,! /ock cl]k measures & deliv]s ! mat]ials & notes ! am\nt )drawn on ea* package4 ,c\rse 9 ,dressmak+ ,%op3 #a4 ,l9+s3 ,wai/ 7practice mat]ials73 ba/+1 /it*+1 press+1 b9d+1 bon+ 7:alebone1 fea!rbone72 hooks & eyes2 fac+2 ov]ca/+4 #b4 ,%irtwai/s & nurses' uni=ms3 ,cov]+ r+s2 mak+ %irtwai/ cuff2 mak+ %irtwai/ placket2 putt+ on neckb&s4 #c4 ,skirts3 ,petticoats or drop skirts =2 ba/+1 /it*+1 press+2 seams1 b&s1 plackets2 trimm+1 p9n+1 putt+ on b&4 #d4 ,trimm$ skirts3 ,slip /it*+2 mill9]'s & flat folds2 cov]+ buttonholes2 b9d+1 %irr+1 cord+1 tuck+1 pip+1 fac+1 braid+4 #e4 ,trimm$ wai/s3 ,application ( pr9ciples2 exp]i5ce 9 mak+ & apply+ trimm+ & h&l+ delicate or p]i%able mat]ials4 #f4 ,trimm$ sleeves3 ,application 9 g5]al k & exp]i5ce 9 apply+ trimm+s4 #g4 ,g>m5ts made 9 ! %op3 ,%irtwai/s1 fancy dress+ sacques & wrapp]s2 nurses' & maids' uni=ms2 danc+ dresses2 elaborate wai/s2 /reet1 aft]noon1 & ev5+ g[ns2 tailor$ suits4 #h4 ,mat]ials us$3 ,all v>ieties ( cotton1 l951 silk1 wool51 & wor/$ dress fabrics2 *iffon1 m\ssel9e1 & trimm+s ( all k9ds4 ,,iv4 ,results ( tra9+4 ,a *ange 9 ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! girls is soon app>5t1 = :i* ability to make _! own clo!s & ! ref9+ influ5ce ( ! do+ ( good "w on good mat]ials is probably responsible4 ,! elem5ts ( good ord]1 ob$i5ce1 ?\ghtfulness1 judgm5t1 self-control1 indu/ry1 & ?rift are fo/]$1 & e ef=t is put =? to make intellig5t work]s4 ,! fact t on ent]+ trade ! girls f ! ,trade ,s*ool receive ne>ly d\ble ! sal>y giv5 untra9$ girls indicates t !y are fitt$ = ! outside workrooms4 ,v4 ,dep>tm5tal relations4 ,! emphasis :i* ! ,academic & ,art ,dep>tm5ts h laid ^u accuracy1 c>eful "w1 appreciation ( measurem5ts1 di/ances1 color1 & =m has be5 ( great value to ! /ud5ts 9 ! ,dressmak+ ,dep>tm5t4 ,! ,op]at+ ,dep>tm5t has also be5 ( s]vice 9 tra9+ "s ( ! /ud5ts to "w on special ma*9es1 ?us enabl+ !m to make dress decoration4 ,! use ( ! electric p[] ma*9e 9 cu/om dressmak+ e/abli%m5ts is on ! increase4 ,,vi4 ,trade relation4 ,! dep>tm5t is kept 9 close t\* ) trade conditions ?r\gh p]sonal visits1 ?r\gh ! h\ses :i* pur*ase its output1 & ?r\gh ^? f :om ! /ock is b\ght4 ,_m opportunities to pur*ase mat]ials at r$uc$ rates h be5 secur$ ?r\gh ! k9dly int]e/ ( ! trade4 ,an advisory bo>d1 compos$ ( bus9ess m5 & wom51 has be5 appo9t$ to pass judgm5t ^u ! s*eme ( "w1 ! /&>d & quality ( "w1 & ! co/ & m>ket value ( ! products4 ,,mill9]y ,,dep>tm5t ,aim ,! aim ( ! ,mill9]y ,dep>tm5t is to tra9 assi/ants1 improv]s1 frame mak]s1 & prep>]s = :olesale & cu/om workrooms4 ,%ort ,c\rse ,:5 ?is dep>tm5t 0 fir/ op5$ ! scope ( ! "w = ! day classes 0 mu* m ext5d$ & includ$ tra9+ = copyi/s1 design]s1 & mill9]s4 ,! curtail+ ( ! c\rse to m elem5t>y prep>ation 0 br\ght ab\t by a feel+ ( dissatisfaction ) ?is trade = ! "y1 untra9$1 or p>tly skill$ work]s4 ,close & cont9u$ contact ) mill9]y %ops %[$ t = "y wage-e>n]s a small1 initial wage & a n v rapid rise are usual2 t a %ort1 irregul>1 seasonal engagem5t is almo/ inevitable2 t a long exp]i5ce is ne$$ be=e ev5 ! tra9$ girl c rise to ! high] positions2 t "y work]s become disc\rag$ & are apt to drop ! trade altoge!r1 ev5 = l[] wages1 if !y c obta9 /eady "w 9 ano!r occupation4 ,z x 0 ! f\rte5 or fifte5-ye>-old girl :o came = ! in/ruction1 x 0 bett] = h] to be well tra9$ z an assi/ant ?an to deta9 h] at ! s*ool = a m advanc$ position :i* %e w\ld probably n be all[$ to take on acc\nt ( h] y\? & inexp]i5ce4 ,/ud5ts 9 ?is dep>tm5t ne$ to be wat*$ ) especial c>e to det]m9e :e!r !y are well adapt$ = _! occupation1 & ! m$iocre work] w\ld bett] ent] "s o!r field :]e ! opportunities = h] are m enc\rag+4 ,z ! advance is sl[ ! girl also ^: pov]ty is hurry+ h] into wage-e>n+ w\ld bett] n elect ?is "w4 ,! night classes :i* h be5 (f]$ at ! s*ool gave tra9+ 9 ! m advanc$ l9es ( mill9]y4 ,! day classes are also prep>$ to d s :5ev] old] work]s feel !y c give "t = ! in/ruction4 ,,c\rse ,,( ,,in/ruction ,l5g? ( c\rse3 ,six mon?s4 #a4 ,practice3 ,%irr+1 tuck+1 cord+1 roll$ hem1 pla9 fold1 mill9]'s fold1 & cutt+ & jo9+ bias pieces4 #b4 ,mak+ & cov]+ buckles & buttons2 wir+ ribbons & laces2 mak+ hat l9+s & wir+ hats4 #c4 ,b&eaux3 ,wire1 cap5et1 & buckram4 #d4 ,wire frame con/ruction f dim5sions & models2 mak+ frames ( buckram1 cap5et1 & /iff will[4 #e4 ,cov]+ frames ) cr9ol9e1 cap5et1 mull1 mal9e1 & s(t will[4 #f4 ,fac+s3 ,pla91 %irr$1 & 9 folds4 #g4 ,b9d+s3 ,/ret*1 puff1 & roll$4 #h4 ,plateaux3 ,pla9 & fancy4 #i4 ,mak+ hats ( /raw1 silk1 *iffon1 mal9e1 & velvet4 #aj4 ,sew+ trimm+s on hats & sew+ l9+s 9 hats4 #aa4 ,r5ovat+3 ,ribbon1 velvet1 lace1 fea!rs1 fl[]s4 #ab4 ,ma*9e "w3 ,pla9 /it*+1 tuck+1 %irr+1 bias /rips /it*$ on mat]ial4 ,ord]s are tak5 = a limit$ am\nt ( trimm$ hats 9 ord] to provide ! /ud5ts ) exp]i5ce 9 prep>+1 sew+ on ! trimm+1 & 9 f9i%+ ! hat4 ,z mill9]y is a seasonal trade1 /ud5ts are advis$ to take1 9 addition1 lamp & c&le %ade mak+ 9 ! ,novelty ,dep>tm5t1 or /raw sew+ 9 ! ,op]at+ ,dep>tm5t4 ,!y are ?us provid$ ) good trades dur+ ! mon?s :5 _! own trade is dull4 ,,novelty ,,dep>tm5t ,aim 7#a7 ,to tea* ! use ( pa/e & glue 9 sev]al good trades4 7#b7 ,a %ort c\rse 9 lamp%ade & c&le%ade mak+ = girls :o h a dull season 9 _! regul> trade dur+ ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 & ,janu>y4 ,l9es ( ,"w ,sample m\nt+1 novelty "w1 jewelry & silv]w>e case mak+1 lamp%ade & c&le%ade mak+4 ,trades & ,wages ,sample m\nt+ is pa/+ or glu+ samples ( all k9ds ( mat]ial on c>ds or 9 books to be us$ by salesm5 9 sell+ goods4 ,new ,york is a c5t] = ?is class ( "w4 ,x gives ye>-r\nd employm5t to _m girls1 & (f]s wages f #e to #ae a week4 ,! simpl] l9es ( sample m\nt+ c be le>n$ by almo/ any girl4 ,a bright /ud5t c le>n ?is trade 9 six mon?s4 ,novelty "w is ! cov]+ & l9+ ( cases & boxes ) diff]5t mat]ials4 ,girls c e>n f #e to #ah a week1 & c le>n ! trade 9 f eight mon?s to a ye>4 ,9 jewelry & silv]w>e case mak+ ! girls are taught bo? to cov] & l9e up ! cases2 !y e>n f #e to #ae a week4 ,x takes f eight mon?s to a ye> to le>n ?is trade4 ,lamp%ade & c&le%ade mak+3 ,a %ort c\rse is (f]$ to good sew]s :o wi% to le>n a l9e ( "w t w give !m employm5t dur+ ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 & ,janu>y1 :i* is ! busy season 9 ?is occupation4 ,girls c e>n f #a to #b a day4 ,x is a v good c\rse = mill9]y work]s1 z ! "w is simil> & !re=e easily le>n$1 & ! slack "t 9 mill9]y is ! busy "t 9 ?is trade4 ,c\rse ( ,"w ,all pupils ent]+ ! ,novelty ,dep>tm5t take a %ort c\rse 9 sample m\nt+ to le>n ! use ( pa/e & glue4 ,"s are advanc$ soon to ! novelty "w1 :ile o!rs cont9ue 9 sample m\nt+1 tak+ up a great] v>iety ( "w along t l9e4 ,^? ent]+ = lamp & c&le %ade mak+ d n take ! sample m\nt+1 b come f ! mill9]y or sew+ classes1 :]e !y h _h "s tra9+ ) ! ne$le4 ,int]relation ) ,academic & ,art ,"w ,9 ! academic classes ! girls are drill$ 9 measurem5ts & h problems e/imat+ ! co/ ( mat]ials & labor4 ,_! discussions p]ta9 to actual processes & mat]ials us$ 9 ! classes ( ! ,novelty ,dep>tm5t4 ,9 ! art classes ! girls are tra9$ to draw /raight l9es & squ>e corn]s1 to mit] corn]s1 to fold on a l9e1 to make good lett]s & figures1 & to appreciate good proportions & balance4 ,?is "w enables ! /ud5t to arrange h] samples 9 /raight l9es on ! c>d1 ) prop] m>g9s1 & to pr9t neatly on ! c>d ! "n ( ! mat]ials & /ock numb]s4 ,! discussion ( mat]ials helps h] to cut & place h] mat]ials on ! cases s t ! design w appe> to ! be/ advantage4 ,! color "w aids h] 9 *oos+ ! be/ hues ( ribbons or l9+s to use ) ! figur$ cov]+s4 ,ord]s ,:]e trade ord]s c be us$ )\t keep+ ! girls too long on ! "o problem1 !y prove a great inc5tive & also help !m to acquire spe$4 ,private ord]s give m v>iety 9 ! "w1 & ?us enable ! girls to adju/ !mselves m easily to ea* season's new /yles4 ,! private ord]s1 h[ev]1 be+ small] 9 numb]1 d n help ! /ud5ts to acquire ! spe$ t ! repetition does 9 ! l>ge trade ord]s4 ,ea* k9d ( ord] "w is us$1 z x c be ( advantage to ! developm5t ( ! /ud5t4 ,,art ,,dep>tm5t ,! c\rses ( "w 9 ! ,art ,dep>tm5t are %ap$ accord+ to ! ne$s ( ea* trade dep>tm5t4 ,v>i\s phases ( "w 9 dressmak+1 electric p[] op]at+1 novelty1 & mill9]y are made c5t]s ( int]e/4 ,ea* girl ?us f9ds h] art aid+ h] to be m valuable 9 h] trade4 ,h] en?usiasm is awak5$ & %e is /imulat$ to self-expression directly along ! l9e ( h] *os5 "w4 ,! ent]+ /ud5ts lack 9 ! te*nical skill :i* c be us$ 9 _! trades4 ,! fir/ /ep1 !re=e1 is to give ! elem5t>y ex]cises ne$$ 9 _! dep>tm5ts4 ,?is is foll[$ by m difficult & m arti/ic "w z ! /ud5t %[s ability4 ,aims ,to help ! "w ( ! trade dep>tm5ts1 to improve ! trade select$ by ea* /ud5t1 to give ideals4 ,conditions ,"t ( av]age /ud5t 9 art1 sev5 mon?s1 ?ree h\rs p] week4 ,previ\s art tra9+ little or none4 ,difficulties ,! /ud5ts d n see or e/imate correctly2 !y are n exact1 & !y lack ideals4 ,organization ( ,art ,"w ,i4 ,g5]al c\rse = all /ud5ts1 connect+ ,art ,dep>tm5t ) ,trade ,c\rses4 ,approximate "t1 ?ree mon?s1 ?ree times a week4 #a4 ,pr9ciples ( ,proportion3 ,measurem5ts by rul] & free-h&4 ,relat$ l9es & sizes1 z 9 hems & m>g9s4 #b4 ,g5]al ,use ( ,pr9ciples3 7#a7 ,horizontal1 v]tical1 oblique l9es = ma*9e practice4 7#b7 ,relat$ m>g9s & spots z us$ 9 ! writ+ ( lett]s1 ! ord]ly plac+ ( subject on a page4 #c4 ,specific ,dep>tm5t ,"w3 ,dep>tm5ts express _! ne$s to ,art ,dep>tm5t4 7#a7 ,ma*9e op]at+3 7a7 ,l9es--horizontal1 v]tical1 oblique1 = ma*9e practice4 7b7 ,quilt+1 b&+1 practice = curves & squ>e corn]s4 7#b7 ,sew+3 7a7 ,l9es--horizontal1 v]tical1 oblique1 = ma*9e & h& practice & tailor ba/+4 7b7 ,hems1 tucks z prescrib$ by dep>tm5t & proportion$ to g>m5t4 7c7 ,con/ructive draw+--giv+ diff]5t angles & figures ) a view t[>d an intellig5t use ( patt]ns = wai/s & skirts4 7d7 ,piec+ bias & mit]+ corn]s4 7#c7 ,novelty3 7a7 ,l9es--horizontal1 v]tical1 oblique1 = sample m\nt+4 7b7 ,spac+s = sample m\nt+4 7c7 ,lett]+s & figures = sample m\nt+4 7d7 ,m>g9s = pa/+ diff]5t %ap$ labels & samples4 7e7 ,pap] fold+1 mit]+ corn]s4 7#d7 ,mill9]y3 7a7 ,l9es--horizontal1 v]tical1 oblique1 = h& sew+ practice4 7b7 ,problems = proportions = ! wire frames4 7c7 ,bias fac+s & mit]$ & squ>e corn]s4 7d7 ,color4 ,/ud5ts unable to b5efit fur!r by ! ,art ,"w are dropp$ f c\rse & devote ?is "t to _! trade4 ,,ii4 ,supplem5t>y c\rse = /ud5ts %[+ ability :o h f9i%$ ! prescrib$ dep>tm5tal c\rse4 ,approximate "t1 sev5 to n9e mon?s4 #a4 ,ma*9e ,op]at+3 7#a7 ,fir/ /ep 9 designs1 arrangem5t ( /raight l9es 9 bord]s1 & ord]ly arrangem5t ( spots 9 bord]s4 7#b7 ,squ>$-(f designs1 /5cil+ same1 = cord9ation4 7#c7 ,sample curv$ l9e designs1 cont9u\s 7limitation ( ma*9e & = spe$74 7#d7 ,patt]ns = practice "w = ! special ma*9e4 7#e7 ,special work]s to practice ! ex]cises = ! ,bonnaz ma*9e4 7#f7 ,color--?ree *>ts4 7#g7 ,ex]cises = p]=at+4 #b4 ,sew+3 7#a7 ,simple designs = %irtwai/s & = braid+4 7#b7 ,designs = rev]s1 cuffs1 ve/s1 & yokes4 7#c7 ,proportions ( figure4 7#d7 ,copy+ f magaz9es = trade te*nicalities4 7#e7 ,discussions on dress = trade work]s4 7#f7 ,color h>mony 9 dresses & application4 #c4 ,mill9]y3 7#a7 ,sket*+ diff]5t views ( ! hats4 7#b7 ,sket*+ models4 7#c7 ,color h>monies & application4 7#d7 ,discussions on h[ art pr9ciples c be appli$ to hats ( ! pres5t day4 #d4 ,novelty3 7#a7 ,simple1 squ>$-(f designs /5cil$ = cord9ation = h& & head1 n ga9$ 9 ! trade "w4 7#b7 ,simple illum9ation ( words & phrases4 7#c7 ,! mat]ials & decoration to be us$ = pads1 desk sets1 & boxes discuss$ & c>ri$ out4 ,9 ?is supplem5t>y c\rse emphasis is put on ! ?\ght1 inv5tion1 & appreciation ( ! /ud5t4 ,,iii4 ,special c\rse = /ud5ts :o %[ unusual ability 9 art & c utilize x 9 trade4 #a4 ,co/ume sket*+ = mak+ records 9 dressmak+ workrooms4 #b4 ,/amp+ & p]=at+3 7a7 ,ma*9e practice--p$al+1 guid+ ne$le1 ?read+ ma*9e1 & le>n+ to adju/ ! diff]5t p>ts4 7b7 ,/amp+ on diff]5t mat]ials ) ! diff]5t m$iums2 composition ( ! diff]5t m$iums1 liquid & dry4 7c7 ,copy+ patt]ns = p]=at+2 nature /udy = motifs2 conv5tionaliz+ ^? to apply !m to mat]ials4 7,all designs are su* z c be us$ 9 trade & are made accord+ to trade me?ods47 ,,academic ,,dep>tm5t ,aim ,i4 ,elem5t>y3 ,to supplem5t previ\s s*ool+4 ,girls :o h left ! public s*ool f l[ grades ne$ special tutor+ 9 ! common bran*es4 ,special in/ruction is also ne$$ = newly arriv$ =eign]s4 ,,ii4 ,trade3 ,to quick5 & enri* ! m9d1 t ! girl may become a m effici5t1 intellig5t1 & en?usia/ic trade work]4 ,! "w falls "u ! foll[+ subjects3 ,civics1 ,indu/ries1 ,ari?metic1 ,engli%4 ,civics ,?is c\rse is giv5 z a means ( enabl+ ! pupil to recognize h] place 9 ! family1 ! s*ool1 ! community1 & 9 ! _w's "w4 ,= lack ( a bett] t]m x is call$ ,civics4 ,x is dealt ) "u two heads3 7#a7 ,community ,life 9 ,g5]al1 7#b7 ,community ,life 9 ,new ,york ,city4 #a4 ,"u ! fir/ head ! discussion ( life 9 a giv5 community is foll[$ by ! simple facts t lie at ! f\ndation ( civic life4 ,^! are approa*$ ?r\gh ! int]e/s or desires :i* ! pupil feels 9 common ) all o!r p4 ,build+ /ill fur!r on ! pupil's own exp]i5ce1 %e is l$ to apply ! ideas receiv$ to h] own community1 :i* ev] wid5+ its scope is c>ri$ f ! neighborhood or ! s*ool to ! city1 ! /ate1 & on to ! nation4 ,civics also gives to ! pupils a k ( ! exi/+ laws "u :i* !y w "w1 by :om ^! laws are made1 & ! possible means = improv+ !m4 ,9 ! discussion ( su* subjects z ,t5em5t ,h\se ,laws1 ,*ild ,labor ,laws1 & ,trade-,unions1 !re is opportunity = ! introduction ( home & bus9ess economics :i* h be5 f\nd to be valuable4 ,economics is fur!r taught by ! detail$ discussion ( ! apportionm5t ( an income ( #f a week = fifty work+ weeks1 consid]+ c> f>e1 lun*es1 sav+s1 a portion t[>d family support1 & an all[ance = clo!s4 ,! lit]ature = ?is c\rse is obta9$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce & ,labor1 ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,factory ,legislation1 ! ,consum]s' ,league1 ! ,national & ,/ate ,labor ,committees1 & curr5t magaz9es4 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,m4 ,dunn's1 ,! ,community & ! ,citiz51 especially su* *apt]s z ^? on ! ,mak+ ( ,am]icans1 ,h[ ! ,gov]nm5t ,aids ! ,citiz5 9 ,8 ,bus9ess ,life1 ,wa/e & ,sav+1 ,:at ! ,community ,does = ,^? ,:o ,_c or ,w ,n ,contribute to ,its ,progress1 has giv5 valuable assi/ance 9 lead+ to discussions :i* h direct be>+ ^u daily life & "w4 #b4 ,! foll[+ outl9e %[s ! treatm5t ( ! second division ( ,civics3 ,new ,york ,city3 7#a7 ,city ,gov]nm5t1 7a7 ,(ficials1 ,mayor1 ,commission]1 ,bor\gh ,presid5t1 ,ald]m52 7b7 ,city ,dep>tm5ts4 7#b7 ,citiz5%ip1 7a7 ,:o are citiz5s1 7b7 ,h[ to become a citiz51 7c7 ,duties & privileges ( citiz5s1 7d7 ,ali5s4 7#c7 ,*ild ,labor ,laws1 7a7 ,s*ool att5dance1 7b7 ,work+ pap]s1 h[ obta9$1 7c7 ,h\rs = "w4 7#d7 ,factory ,laws = girls ov] sixte5 ye>s old4 7#e7 ,sweat%op labor4 7#f7 ,t5em5t ,h\se ,laws4 7#g7 ,trade-,unions4 7#h7 ,comm]ce & ,indu/ries ( ,new ,york4 7#i7 ,philan?ropies4 ,indu/ries ,aim3 ,to furni% ! work] ) a backgr\nd = h] trade & to help h] to see h] place 9 ! work+ _w ( today4 #a4 ,a g5]aliz$ view is tak5 ( ! ma9 /eps 9 ! e>ly progress ( ! race4 #b4 ,textile mat]ials are discuss$ z to _! values1 _! uses1 _! co/1 ! processes ( _! manufacture1 ! comp>ison ( =eign & dome/ic goods1 ) reasons = ! diff]5ces1 & ! connect$ problems ( ari?metic :i* ! /ud5ts w meet4 ,^! subjects help ! girl to get next to :at %e is work+ ) e day & to ar\se int]e/ 9 h] p]sonal connection ) ! subject4 ,! ,engli% girl ^: fa!r 0 once employ$ 9 a lace h\se 9 ,london br+s m\nt$ specim5s ( t sort ( h&work to ! class2 ! ,hung>ian br+s h&-spun articles f h] "m's bridal outfit2 ! ,italian pres5ts a ske9 ( raw silk tak5 f ! family's treasure box1 & ! girl f ,r\mania br+s an embroid]$ b$ cov]4 ,! /ud5t ^: "m does n believe cotton ev] grew on bu%es asks t %e may v]ify h] own /atem5t by tak+ home a real cotton ball4 ,a ,labor ,museum is be+ collect$ to give reality to ! in/ruction1 & exhibits f x1 :i* %[ ! /eps 9 ! manufactur+ ( ! fabrics & ( o!r famili> articles1 are put up 9 ! classroom :5 ne$$4 ,a bullet9 bo>d provides = ! num]\s clipp+s br\ght by ! /ud5ts or tea*]s4 ,ari?metic ,aim3 ,! fundam5tal aim ( ari?metic is to give ! pupils work+ me?ods = ! problems t occur 9 trade practice4 ,to make ! correlation cle> to ! girls1 workroom me?ods ( pres5tation & phraseology & ! cu/om>y mat]ials are us$4 ,sew+ & op]at+ /ud5ts make hems1 tucks1 & ruffles to actual measurem5ts2 novelty girls cut & arrange c>ds = samples 9 accordance ) _! workroom dem&s2 & mill9]y /ud5ts "w out ! measurem5ts = hat frames z closely z v>y+ /yles p]mit4 ,) ! fundam5tals ( trade problems e/abli%$1 ari?metic is fur!r develop$ along special l9es ( trade to meet ! dem&s ( ! bus9ess _w4 ,! tra9$ work] %\ld n only be skill$ 9 ! manipulation ( tools & mat]ials1 b %e %\ld be able to compute h] own problems1 su* z e/imates = g>m5ts1 h[ to cut mat]ials economically1 ! co/ ( "o g>m5t or article z relat$ to ! co/ ( _m ( ! same k9d1 ! prices1 & simil> trade que/ions4 ,! ability to deal ) ^! subjects adds mat]ially to ! value ( a skill$ work]4 ,! c5tral s*eme ( ! c\rse is to lead ! pupil to prompt & accurate m5tal calculation4 ,?is is /imulat$ by frequ5t oral drills 9 trade problems & bus9ess problems involv+ %ort me?ods ( computation4 ,! ext5t & progress ( ?is "w are regulat$ by ! ability ( ! class4 ,! foll[+ outl9es %[ ! adaptation ( ari?metic to ! diff]5t trades3 ,op]at+3 7#a7 ,cutt+ ( gauges1 7a7 ,= hems1 7b7 ,= tucks4 7#b7 ,tuck+ problems1 7a7 ,) gauges1 7b7 ,z =mal ari?metic problems4 7#c7 ,ruffl+ problems4 7#d7 ,"t problems1 ,dep>tm5t "t s*$ules z basis = ! "w4 7#e7 ,factory problems4 7#f7 ,income1 exp5diture1 sav+s4 7#g7 ,bills & receipts4 7#h7 ,computation ( quantity ( mat]ial requir$ = g>m5ts1 7a7 ,by measur+ g>m5ts1 7b7 ,by use ( patt]ns on clo?1 7c7 ,economy ( mat]ial4 7#i7 ,problems bas$ on above "w4 7#aj7 ,civic problems4 ,sew+3 7#a7 ,cutt+ ( gauges1 7a7 ,= hems1 7b7 ,= tucks4 7#b7 ,tuck+ problems4 7#c7 ,ruffl+ problems4 7#d7 ,computation ( quantity ( mat]ial requir$ = g>m5ts1 7a7 ,by measur+ g>m5ts1 7b7 ,by use ( patt]ns on clo?1 7c7 ,economy ( mat]ial4 7#e7 ,problems bas$ on above "w4 7#f7 ,/ore problems4 7#g7 ,bills & receipts4 7#h7 ,income1 exp5ditures1 sav+s4 7#i7 ,textile problems4 7#aj7 ,civic problems4 ,novelty3 7#a7 ,sample m\nt+1 7a7 ,c>ds are cut a giv5 size & are divid$ ) ! rul] into spaces = samples1 ) prop] m>g9s1 etc41 accord+ to trade dem&s1 7b7 ,problems involv+ ! v>i\s sizes & %apes ( c>ds & samples1 us+ c>ds & rul]s = ! "w4 7#b7 ,sample cutt+4 7#c7 ,cutt+ mat]ials = boxes1 7a7 ,pulp bo>d1 7b7 ,cov]+ pla91 fl[]$1 7c7 ,economy ( mat]ials4 7#d7 ,problems bas$ on above "w4 7#e7 ,trade problems1 7a7 ,9 sample m\nt+1 accuracy1 spe$1 7b7 ,co/ ( mat]ials4 7#f7 ,bills & receipts4 7#g7 ,income1 exp5diture1 sav+s4 7#h7 ,civic problems4 ,mill9]y3 7#a7 ,measurem5t ( frames4 7#b7 ,trade problems1 7a7 ,quantity ( mat]ial1 7b7 ,price ( mat]ials1 7c7 ,economy ( mat]ial4 7#c7 ,ord]s1 7a7 ,by lett]1 7b7 ,by ord] blanks4 7#d7 ,bills & receipts4 7#e7 ,income1 exp5diture1 sav+s4 7#f7 ,problems on manufacture ( silk4 7#g7 ,civic problems4 ,engli% ,aim3 #a4 ,to facilitate oral & writt5 expression4 #b4 ,to give practice 9 bus9ess =ms3 ,spell+3 7#a7 ,te*nical t]ms ( ea* trade dep>tm5t2 7#b7 ,textiles & o!r trade mat]ials2 7#c7 ,ord9>y bus9ess t]ms4 ,descriptions3 7#a7 ,writt5 "w on mat]ials us$ & articles made 9 ea* dep>tm5t2 7#b7 ,outl9+ & def9+ ( dep>tm5t "w4 ,bus9ess ,=ms3 7#a7 ,lett]s ( application2 7#b7 ,lett]s ord]+ goods2 7#c7 ,telegrams1 po/al c>ds1 etc42 7#d7 ,writ+ ( adv]tisem5ts4 ,9 addition to practice 9 spell+ & 9 ! writ+ ( bus9ess =ms1 ! "w 9 ,engli% aims to be 9 close correlation ) ! o!r subjects taught4 ,z a rule1 ! latt] "p ( ea* recitation p]iod is sp5t by ! pupils 9 writ+ ^u ! subject 9 h&4 ,! purpose is to obta9 f !m fre$om ( expression aft] ar\s+ int]e/ 9 a subject1 r ?an to get long compositions necessitat+ home /udy & probably g5]at+ a dislike = writt5 "w4 ,att5tion is call$ to p>agraph+ & emphasis is laid ^u bo? ! =m & ! mann] ( writ+1 b =m is made subs]vi5t to ?\ght4 ,! int]relation ( ,art ,dep>tm5t helps ! /ud5t to appreciate ! ne$ ( good =m 9 ! appe>ance ( a writt5 page4 ,,physical ,,education ,,dep>tm5t ,! "y wage-e>n] :o goes into trade untra9$ at f\rte5 ye>s ( age is greatly h&icapp$ by h] physical condition4 ,ei!r ?r\gh ignorance or neglect e>ly symptoms ( disease are disreg>d$1 & x is n until %e f9ds h]self out ( employm5t z a result ( physical weakness t %e realizes t good heal? is ! capital ( ! work+ girl4 ,_m ( ! girls :o ent] ! s*ool are f\nd to be suff]+ f poor vision2 enl>g$ gl&s caus$ by decay$ tee?2 poor nasal brea?+ z a result ( ad5oid gr[?s or enl>g$ tonsils2 anmia2 sk9 eruptions2 slight asymmetries & poor po/ure4 ,^! defects produce exagg]at$ n]ve signs & poor nutrition4 ,aim ,! "w ( ! ,physical ,dep>tm5t is to correct z _m ( ^! irregul>ities z possible & also to tra9 ! /ud5t to a k ( h] body & h[ to c>e = x1 t %e may be able to /& ! long h\rs ( conf9+ "w & be able to %[ effici5t results 9 h] trade4 ,! foll[+ exam9ation is requir$ ( ea* ent]+ /ud5t3 ,physical ,exam9ation3 ,beg9n+ ) ! family hi/ory1 a complete record ( all important ev5ts relat+ to a /ud5t's physical life is tak54 ,%e is c>efully exam9$ = asymmetry2 curvature1 incipi5t or well def9$2 traces ( tub]culosis2 weakness ( he>t & lungs2 enl>g$ gl&s2 sk9 diseases1 or signs ( n]v\s disord]s4 ,%e is closely que/ion$ z to all bodily functions & a c>eful record is kept ( irregul>ities4 ,eyes1 e>s1 tee?1 nose1 & ?roat are likewise exam9$4 ,impressions ( ! feet are made 9 ord] to detect weakness ( ! ar* or flatfoot4 ,measurem5ts ( height1 weight1 & ! pr9cipal expansions are tak5 = comp>ison ) lat] records & = ! purpose ( comp>+ ) normal /&>d4 ,prescrib$ ,treatm5t ,aft] ! exam9ation ! girl is in/ruct$ z to treatm5t1 if any is ne$$4 ,if p]fectly normal %e w report = gymna/ics ?ree times a week4 ,if any asymmetry1 curvature ( ! sp9e1 he>t disease1 or n]v\s disord]s are discov]$1 %e mu/ report = special corrective ex]cises at ! s*ool4 ,9 "s cases individual in/ruction is giv5 = supplem5t+ ! "w at home4 ,cases dem&+ special app>atus & individual att5tion h be5 treat$ 9 ! ,physical ,education ,dep>tm5t ( ,tea*]s ,college1 ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ! director1 ,dr4 ,?omas ,d5ison ,wood4 ,! girls s affect$ h ?us ! advantage ( ! late/ me?ods kn[n to sci5ce4 ,if any ( ! num]\s sk9 diseases are pres5t :i* dem& frequ5t & regul> att5tion1 ! /ud5t is assign$ to a gr\p :o g twice a week to a disp5s>y to receive electrical or ,x-ray treatm5t4 ,9 cases ( enl>g$ tonsils or ad5oids1 ! necessity = imm$iate op]ation is expla9$ & e ef=t made to ga9 ! cons5t ( ! p>5ts4 ,:5 p]mission is obta9$ ! girl goes to a neighbor+ hospital on ,sunday ev5+1 is op]at$ ^u on ,monday1 & returns home ,tuesday4 ,ea* /ud5t mu/ h h] eyes ?or\ghly exam9$ by a doctor select$ at ! ,oph?almic ,disp5s>y4 ,if glasses are ne$$ !y are procur$ at ! exp5se ( ! p>5t or donat$ by an optician :o is int]e/$ 9 ! s*ool4 ,disp5s>y treatm5t is also necess>y 9 cases ( cat>rh ( nose & ?roat4 ,tee? are c>efully exam9$ & ! girls direct$ to _! own d5ti/s1 or to ! ,d5tal ,disp5s>y adjo9+ ! s*ool1 :]e we are =tunate en\gh to h a limit$ am\nt ( "w done free ( *>ge4 ,cases ( asymmetry dem&+ braces1 pla/] jackets1 & op]ations h be5 treat$ at ! ,po/-,graduate ,hospital4 ,tub]culosis cases 9 advanc$ /ages h be5 plac$ on ! special boats 9 ,new ,york ,h>bor or are s5t to ,tub]cul> ,camps 9 ! c\ntry4 ,9 s5d+ girls to ! hospitals & disp5s>ies ! aim is to place !m 9 t\* ) in/itutions to :i* !y w h indep5d5t access aft] !y leave ! ,manhattan ,trade ,s*ool4 ,/ati/ics ,! /ati/ics bel[ %[ ! condition ( #bgh girls :5 !y regi/]$ at ! s*ool4 ,! *>ts are divid$ accord+ to ! dep>tm5ts ent]$4 ,f !m c be se5 ! ne$ ( special c>e = ! heal? ( ! work+ girl4 ,dressmak+4 ,art4 ,mill9]y4 ,novelty4 ,op]at+4 ,total4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,nutrition ,good #aja #g #ae #bf #ce #ahd ,fair #ci #b #f #ah #fe ,poor #g #d #aj #h #bi ,m5tality ,good #abb #g #ai #cc #dj #bba ,fair #ba #b #f #ag #df ,poor #d #c #d #aa ,n]ve signs ,pres5t #ci #c #f #ac #af #gg ,abs5t #ajh #d #ae #bi #de #bja ,asymmetry1 slight ,pres5t #ec #d #ab #bc #bi #aba curvatures1 high ,abs5t #id #c #i #ai #cb #aeg hips or %\ld]s1 etc4 ,po/ure ,good #ic #d #h #bi #ca #afe ,fair #ed #c #ac #ac #cj #aac ,sk9 ,good condition #ie #e #ac #cb #dd #ahi ,acne1 com$ones1 #eb #b #h #aj #ag #hi etc4 ,gl&s ,good condition #ff #c #aj #ai #bj #aah ,enl>g$ #ha #d #aa #bc #da #afj ,vision ,ne$ glasses #dd #c #h #ab #ai #hf ,good condition #ajc #d #ac #cj #db #aib ,he>+ ,defective #f #a #d #a #ab ,good #ada #f #ba #ch #fj #bff ,spee* ,good #agj #g #bj #cg #ef #bfj ,defective #g #a #e #e #h ,nasal brea?+ ,good #cb #a #d #aj #ac #fj ,fair #eh #d #aa #ac #bh #aad ,poor #eg #b #f #ai #bj #ajd ,tonsils ,good #dd #a #f #g #ba #gi ,slightly enl>g$ #ge #b #aa #be #bd #acg ,mu* enl>g$ #bh #d #d #aj #af #fb ,tee? ,good #ajc #e #af #cj #dj #aid ,poor #dd #b #e #ab #ba #hd ,ne$ att5tion #ajh #d #ab #ca #dj #aie ,he>ts ,good #abb #d #ba #bc #dd #bad ,weak1 irritable1 #bd #b #ag #ac #ef or ) anmic murmurs ,organic tr\ble #a #a #b #d #h ,lungs ,good #ach #e #bj #cf #eh #beg ,tub]culosis #c #b #e ,suspect$ #f #b #a #d #c #af tub]culosis ,feet ,good #abe #g #af #ch #ec #bci ,weak ar*es #aj #a #d #ae ,brok5 ar*es or #ab #d #d #d #bd flatfoot ,enl>g$ ?yroid #ab #a #b #a #g #bc gl&s ,exoph?almic goit] #b #b #d ,*orea #b #b #a #e ,ne$+ corrective #e #c #d #g #ai ex]cises ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,a second exam9ation ( ! same girls six mon?s lat] %[s ga9 9 weight1 height1 & g5]al heal?2 #abe _h _! tee? put 9 ord]2 six 7 treat$ = defective he>+2 tw5ty _h att5d$ ! ,sk9 ,cl9ic2 all _h _! eyes exam9$2 eighty-six 7 fitt$ ) glasses4 ,9 tw5ty-five cases :]e ! ad5oids & tonsils 7 remov$ ! result 0 increase 9 weight1 bett] brea?+ & he>t action1 al]tness ( m9d1 & a noticeable improvem5t 9 trade "w4 ,:]e ! ob/ructions ( nose & ?roat /ill rema9 !re is loss 9 weight & dim9i%$ *e/ expansion & a g5]ally weak5$ condition4 ,! extraction ( decay$ tee? & ! provid+ ( well-fitt+ glasses h dim9i%$ n]v\s irritability & ! frequ5cy ( heada*es4 ,?ree cases ( tub]culosis 7 s5t to camps4 ,sev5 cases ( organic he>t tr\ble 7 treat$ by speciali/s2 n9ete5 girls 7 giv5 corrective ex]cises at ,tea*]s ,college2 two 7 fitt$ ) %oes & braces2 two 7 put into pla/] jackets1 "o = lat]al rot>y curvature & "o = neuritis2 & "o advanc$ case ( *orea has be5 plac$ 9 ! hospital4 ,( ! girls ^: records are giv5 9 ! li/ x c be said t1 ) ! exception ( ! cripples & a few o!rs ne$+ simple op]ations1 a ye>'s c>e %[s t v few ( !m are 9 any way h&icapp$ by ! effects ( disease4 ,,physical ,,education ,,c\rse ,i4 ,gymna/ics3 #a4 ,elem5t>y3 #c ?irty-m9ute p]iods a week4 7#a7 ,sw$i% floor "w = g5]al po/ure2 7#b7 ,"w 9 control ( brea?+2 7#c7 ,m>*+ tactics = =m & accuracy2 7#d7 ,light app>atus "w3 7a7 ,w&s1 7b7 ,dumb-bells1 7c7 ,indian clubs2 7#e7 ,heavy app>atus = cord9ation2 7#f7 ,simple dances & rhy?m "w = grace & poise2 7#g7 ,simple plays & games4 #b4 ,advanc$3 #b =ty-five-m9ute p]iods a week4 7#a7 ,gymna/ic dances conta9+ m ?an ?ree figures2 7#b7 ,sw$i% & ,dani% weav+ dances 9 correlation ) /udy ( textiles 7,academic ,dep>tm5t72 7#c7 ,folk dances ( ,sw$5 & ,russia = =m2 7#d7 ,mod]n a?letic dances = grace & poise2 7#e7 ,a?letic ,competition3 7a7 ,runn+ & jump+1 7b7 ,relay & ob/acle races1 7c7 ,hockey & basket ball4 #c4 ,special corrective "w = sp9al tr\ble or poor position3 7#a7 ,g5]al floor "w = mobility2 7#b7 ,free-h& "w3 7a7 ,s+le assi/ive & resi/ive ex]cises1 7b7 ,hang+ ex]cises ) & )\t assi/ance1 7c7 ,"w ) iron dumb-bells4 ,,ii4 ,hygi5e3 ,talks on hygi5e are a regul> "p ( ! "w1 & aim to give ea* girl a k ( h] body & ( its functions t w enable h] to c>e = h] heal? 9 an intellig5t mann] & to e/abli% 9 h] m9d ideals ( correct liv+ :i* c be made practical 9 h] surr\nd+s4 #a4 ,p]sonal ,hygi5e3 7#a7 ,brief survey ( ! body z a :ole2 7#b7 ,! use ( ! m\?1 nose1 l>ynx1 tra*ea1 & lungs 9 brea?+2 7#c7 ,c>e ( nose & ?roat3 7a7 ,! nose z a s\rce ( infection1 7b7 ,dang]s ( enl>g$ tonsils & ad5oids1 7c7 ,treatm5t ( colds2 7#d7 ,/ructure & c>e ( ! tee?4 7#e7 ,! ,dige/ive ,sy/em3 7a7 ,organs directly conc]n$1 & 7b7 ,_! c>e1 7c7 ,disord]s ( ! ,dige/ive ,sy/em2 7#f7 ,! ,n]v\s ,sy/em1 ,bra91 & ,sp9al ,cord2 7#g7 ,! ,sk91 7a7 ,/ructure & ,use1 7b7 ,hygi5e ( ,sk92 7#h7 ,he>t & ,blood ,vessels2 7#i7 ,! ,hair2 7#aj7 ,! ,e>s2 7#aa7 ,! ,eyes2 7#ab7 ,! ,feet2 7#ac7 ,! ,hygi5e ( ,clo!s4 #b4 ,dome/ic ,hygi5e3 ,con/ruction & furni%+ ( ,home3 7a7 ,int]nal arrangem5t1 walls1 & cov]+s1 7b7 ,v5tilation1 7c7 ,heat+1 7d7 ,light+1 7e7 ,wat] ,supply1 7f7 ,plumb+ & ,dra9age1 7g7 ,toilet rooms1 7h7 ,disposal ( ,g>bage & ,a%es1 7i7 ,h\se ,clean+1 sweep+1 du/+1 clean+1 & use ( dis9fectants4 #c4 ,foods3 7#a7 ,nutritive value ( foods2 7#b7 ,purity ( food mat]ials2 7#c7 ,cook+--,cook+ ut5sils2 7#d7 ,plann+ ( meals4 #d4 ,diseases3 7#a7 ,causes & ,transmission2 7#b7 ,contagi\s diseases1 c>e1 prev5tion2 7#c7 ,hygi5e ( sick room2 7#d7 ,insects & v]m92 7#e7 ,infecti\s diseases4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,m9or typographical errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4