,,sci5ce ,,& ,,morals ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,morals ,,& ,,o!r ,,essays ,,by ,,sir ,,b]tram ,c4 ,a4 ,,w9dle ,m4,a41 ,m4,d41 ,sc4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,k4,s4,g4 ,,( ,,/4 ,,mi*ael',s ,,college1 ,,toronto1 ,,ont4 ,,london ,,burns ,,oates1 ,,ltd #bh ,,or*>d ,,/reet1 ,w #aiai 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,john ,,rob]t & ,,m>y ,o',,connell ,a ,,tok5 ,,( ,,s9c]e ,,fri5d%ip ,,li/>k9 ,septemb] #aiai 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! ,essays h all 9 "o =m or ano!r appe>$ else:]e2 & ,i h to ?ank ! ,editors ( ! ,dubl9 ,review1 ,ca?olic ,_w1 ,am]ica1 & ,/udies respectively = k9d p]mission to reproduce !m4 ,"s ( !m appe> z !y 7 publi%$1 o!rs h be5 almo/ rewritt54 ,b4 ,c4 ,a4 ,w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,i4 ,sci5ce & ,morals #a #a4 ,! ,gospel ( ,sci5ce #a #b4 ,sci5ce z a ,rule ( ,life #ad ,,ii4 ,!ophobia & ,nemesis #bf #a4 ,!ophobia3 its ,cause #bf #b4 ,!ophobia3 its ,nemesis #dd ,,iii4 ,)9 & ,)\t ! ,sy/em #ef ,,iv4 ,sci5ce 9 ,bondage #gd ,v4 ,sci5ce & ! ,w> #ajf ,,vi4 ,h]$ity & ,arrangem5t #abe ,,vii4 ,special ,creation #adb ,,viii4 ,ca?olic ,writ]s & ,spontane\s ,g5]ation #aeb ,,ix4 ,a ,!ory ( ,life #afj ,index ( ,names #age ,g5]al ,index #agg 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,morals ,i4 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,morals #a4 ,,! ,,gospel ,,( ,,sci5ce ,9 ! days be=e ! w> ! ,annual ,address deliv]$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,association 0 wont to excite at lea/ a mild int]e/ 9 ! brea/s ( ! read+ public4 ,x 0 a k9d ( ,encyclical f ! reign+ pontiff ( sci5ce1 & s9ce t pot5tate *ang$ e ye> !re 0 "s unc]ta9ty z to 8 subject & its treatm5t1 & !re 0 ?is fur!r piquant attraction1 want+ 9 o!r & bett]-kn[n ,encyclicals1 t ! address ( "o ye> might n m]ely contradict b might ev5 exhibit a l(ty contempt = t or = ^? :i* _h imm$iately prec$$ x4 ,dur+ ! ?ree ye>s imm$iately prec$+ ! w> we _h excell5t examples ( all ^! ?+s4 ,9 ! fir/ ( !m we 7 treat$ to a some:at belat$ utt]ance 9 opposition to ,vitalism4 ,its argum5ts 7 mo/ly bas$ ^u :at ev5 to ! tyro 9 *emi/ry seem$ to be r %aky f\ndations4 ,su* inde$ !y prov$ to be1 s9ce ! d$uctions drawn f ! behavi\r ( colloids & f ,l$uc's pretty toys 7 promptly disclaim$ by lead+ *emi/s 9 ! c\rse ( ! few days aft] ! deliv]y ( ! address4 ,fur!r1 ! ,presid5t = ! ye> #aiad 9 8 address 7,melb\rne1 p4 #ah7a told u t ! problem ( ! orig9 ( life1 :i*1 let u rem9d ourselves1 9 ! #aiab address 0 on ! po9t ( solution1 /ill /&s outside ! range ( sci5tific inve/igation1 & t :5 ! spontane\s =mation ( =maldehyde is talk$ ( z a fir/ /ep 9 t direction he is rem9d$ ( no?+ s mu* z ( ,h>ry ,laud]1 9 ! "* ( a s*oolboy1 pull+ 8 treasures f 8 pocket--',t's a was%]--= makk9 motor-c>s6' ,n9ete5 hundr$ & twelve p9n$ its fai? on matt] & no?+ else2 ,n9ete5 hundr$ & ?irte5 assur$ u t occurr5ces n[ reg>d$ z occult c be exam9$ & r$uc$ to ord] by ! me?ods ( sci5ce c>efully & p]si/5tly appli$4#b ,fur!r1 ! exam9ation ( ^? facts _h conv9c$ ! deliv]] ( ! address t memory & affection are n limit$ to t association ) matt] by :i* alone !y c manife/ !mselves "h & n[1 & t p]sonality p]si/s beyond bodily dea?4 ,n9ete5 hundr$ & f\rte5 proclaim$ telepa?y a h>mless toy1 :i*1 ) necromancy1 has tak5 ! place ( es*atology & ! inculcation ( a f]oci\s moral code4 ,& yet x is on telepa?y1 if we are to believe ! daily pap]s1 t ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge l>gely relies = 8 pro(s4 ,"h1 at any rate1 is a pleas+ div]sity ( op9ion :i* fully be>s out :at 0 said at ! beg9n+ ( ?is pap]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ) ! ?ird address1 or r pair ( addresses1 t we are conc]n$2 = ! meet+ ( #aiad1 n only 0 ! fir/ to be held at ! ,antipodes1 b also ! fir/ to be hon\r$ ) two addresses--"o 9 ,melb\rne1 ! o!r 9 ,sydney4 ,_! deliv]] is a v di/+ui%$ & a v indep5d5t man ( ,sci5ce4 ,x 0 he :o insi/$1 at a "t :5 ! dom9ation ( a v rigid =m ( ,d>w9ism 0 mu* /rong] ?an x is to-day1 t ! picture ( ,nature z se5 by u is a ,discont9u\s picture1 ?\gh ,discont9uity does n exi/ 9 ! environm5t4 ,& x 0 he :o ask$ :e!r ! ,discont9uity might n be 9 ! liv+ ?+ itself1 & prefix$ to ! monum5tal "w#c 9 :i* he discuss$ ?is "q ! significant text f ! ,bible3 ,all fle% is n ! same fle%2 b !re is "o k9d ( fle% ( m51 ano!r fle% ( bea/s1 ano!r ( fi%es1 & ano!r ( birds4 ,ne>] to our own times1 he 0 "o ( a small body ( m5 ( sci5ce :o almo/ syn*ron\sly dis9t]r$ ! =gott5 works ( ,abbot ,m5del1 & proclaim$ !m to ! _w1 z conta9+ discov]ies ( ! fir/ value4 ,he 0 ?us always some?+ ( a ,h]ald ( ,revolt1 & ma9ta9s t "* 9 ^! addresses4 ,we g to ,d>w9 = 8 incomp>able collection ( facts4 ,we w\ld fa9 emulate 8 s*ol>%ip1 8 wid? & 8 p[] ( exposition1 b to u he speaks no m ) philosophical au?ority4 ,we read 8 s*eme ( evolution z we w\ld ^? ( ,lucretius or ,lam>ck1 delight+ 9 _! simplicity & _! c\rage 7,m41 p4 #i74 ,naturally1 we turn aside f g5]alities4 ,x is no "t to discuss ! orig9 ( ! ,mollusca or ( ,dicotyl$ons1 :ile we are n ev5 sure h[ x came to pass t ,primula obconica has 9 tw5ty-five ye>s produc$ its abundant new =ms almo/ "u our eyes 7ib41 ib474 ,& s on4 ,to take "o o!r example3 !re is no?+ :i* 0 m insi/$ ^u by ,d>w9ians ?an ! fact t all ! v>i\s races ( dome/ic f[l kn[n to u came f ,gallus bankiva1 ! jungle-f[l ( ,india2 9 fact ,i ?9k ,i h se5 t =m en?ron$ among/ its suppos$ desc5dants 9 m ?an "o museum4 ,s we are taught2 b try to recon/ruct ! /eps 9 _! evolution & y realise y\r hopeless ignorance 7,m41 p4 #aa74 ,if we _c con/ruct a tree = f[ls1 h[ absurd to adv5ture into ! deep] recesses ( ,phylog5y4 ,if all t ,pr(essor ,bateson says is true1 is n ,dries* "r :5 he speaks ( ! phantasy *ri/5$ ,phylog5y8#d ,! addresses1 h[ev]1 7 n solely conc]n$ ) ?r[+ contempt ^u views :i* 7 ye/]day ( great respectability1 & :i* ev5 to-day are z gospel to _m4 ,!y devot$ !mselves *iefly to ! consid]ation ( ! "q ( h]$ity1 view$1 z might be expect$1 f ! ,m5delian /&po9t4 ,n[1 at ?is po9t x may be said t !re are at lea/ two ?+s :i* we %\ld l to "k ab\t h]$ity--! vehicle & ! laws4 ,x is cle> t we might "k some?+1 p]haps ev5 a good deal1 ab\t "o ( ^! )\t kn[+ any?+ ab\t ! o!r4 ,su* 9 fact is ! case2 = we "k1 x may fairly be said1 no?+ ab\t ! vehicle4 ,!re are two v widely di/9ct op9ions on ?is po9t4 ,!re is ! mnemic !ory1 rec5tly br\ght be=e u by ! republication ( ,butl]'s mo/ int]e/+ & sugge/ive "w ) its translations ( ,h]+'s orig9al pap] & ,von ,h>tmann's disc\rse & its v illum9at+ introduction by ,pr(essor ,h>tog4#e ,& !re is ! cont9uity !ory :i* tea*es t 9 "s way or ano!r ! *>act]i/ics ( ! p>5ts & o!r ance/ors are physical p>ts ( ! g]m4 ,an attempt to expla9 ?is 0 made by ,d>w9 9 8 !ory ( ,pang5esis4 ,o!rs h essay$ :at ,yves ,delage calls microm]i/ic int]pretations4 ,z to all ( ^! x may be said t :5 !y are r$uc$ to figures ! explanation becomes ( s complex a "* z utt]ly to break d[n4 ,we %all see t ,pr(essor ,bateson adopts a ?ird v nebul\s explanation4 ,b z reg>ds ! laws ( h]$ity !re is some?+ else to be said2 = "h we really d "k some?+1 & t some?+ we owe 9 l>ge measure to ! innum]able exp]im5ts :i* h be5 made on ,m5delian l9es s9ce ! re-discov]y ( ! me?ods fir/ adopt$ by ! celebrat$ ,abbot ( ,brnn4 ,x is no int5tion ( ! writ] ( ?is pap] to describe ! ,m5delian !ory1#f :i* is well kn[n1 at lea/ to all biological read]s1 ?\gh "o or two po9ts 9 connection ) x may yet h to be t\*$ ^u4 ,! po9t ( c>d9al importance 9 connection ) ,m5delism is t x does reveal a law capable ( be+ num]ically /at$1 & app>5tly applicable to a l>ge numb] ( isolat$ factors 9 liv+ ?+s4 ,inde$ x 0 ?is att5tion to isolat$ factors :i* 0 ! fir/ & ess5tial "p ( ,m5del's me?od4 ,= example1 o!rs _h be5 cont5t to look at ! pea z a :ole4 ,m5del appli$ 8 analytic me?od to su* ?+s z ! col\r ( ! pea1 ! smoo? or wr9kl$ "* ( ! sk9 :i* cov]$ x1 its dw>fness or height1 & s on4 ,n[1 ! behavi\r ( ^! isolat$ factors seems to ?r[ a light ev5 ^u ! vehicle ( h]$ity4 ,we (t5 talk ( blood & mix+ ( blood1 z if blood _h any?+ to d ) ! "q1 :5 really ! ,biblical expression ! se$ ( ,abraham is mu* m to ! po9t4 ,= x is 9 ! se$ t ^! factors mu/ be1 :e!r !y be mnemic or physical4 ,pr(essor ,bateson 7,m41 p4 #e7 ?9ks x obvi\s t !y are transmitt$ by ! sp]matozoon & ! ovum2 b x seems to him unlikely t !y are 9 any simple or lit]al s5se mat]ial p>ticles4 ,& he goes on to say1 & ?is1 ,i ?9k1 is "o ( 8 mo/ important /atem5ts3 ,i suspect r t _! prop]ties dep5d on "s ph5om5on ( arrangem5t4 ,n[1 if !re be a law beh9d ! ph5om5a made cle> to u by ,m5delian exp]im5ts 7z ,m5delians are nev] tir$ ( ass]t+71 !n x becomes 9 no way imp]t95t to ask h[ t law came into exi/5ce1 & :o =mulat$ x4 ,d>w9ism1 accord+ to ,dries*1#g expla9$ h[ by ?r[+ /ones "o c\ld build h\ses ( a typical /yle4 ,9 o!r words1 x claim$ to %[ h[ some?+ purposively con/ruct$ c\ld arise by absolute *ance2 at any rate ?is holds ( ,d>w9ism z codifi$ 9 ! sev5ties & eighties4 ,( c\rse ! ,bl9d ,*ance doctr9e breaks d[n utt]ly :5 x comes to be appli$ to select$ cases1 & no?+ m def9itely disposes ( x ?an ! v def9ite law :i* em]ges z ! result ( ! ,m5delian exp]im5ts4 ,t is obvi\s to ! prophets ( ,m5delism2 b1 :il/ !y admit ?is1 !y w h no?+ to say to ! lawgiv]4 ,t is ! ranke/ metaphysics1 z ,dr4 ,john/one puts x1#h or my/icism1 z o!rs pref] to call x4 ,& yet no?+ is m cle> ?an ! logical sequ5ce t1 if y h a law1 someone mu/ h made x1 & if y look ^u some?+ z a ph5om5on ( arrangem5t1 someone mu/ h arrang$ x4 ,b = reasons n obvi\s nor confess$1 !re is an objection to make any su* admission4 ,p]haps x is ! ta9t ( ! monism ( ! latt] half ( ! la/ c5tury :i* /ill p]si/s4 ,at any rate1 z ,i h else:]e po9t$ out1 !re is a mo/ curi\s passage 9 ano!r pap] by ! same au?or 9 :i* he says3 ,) ! exp]im5tal pro( t v>iation consi/s l>gely 9 ! unpack+ & repack+ ( an orig9al complexity1 x is n s c]ta9 z we might l to ?9k t ! ord] ( ^! ev5ts is n pre-det]m9$4 ,! writ] ha/5s to d5\nce ! horrid h]esy on ! br9k ( :i* he f9ds himself hesitat+1 by add+ t he sees no gr\nd :atev] = hold+ su* a view1 ?\gh 9 ! light ( mod]n rese>* x sc>cely looks s absurdly improbable z be=e4#i ,x is curi\s t ! writ] 9 "q does n seem to h be5 9 any way influ5c$ by ! elim9ative argum5t s pot5t 9 connection ) ! discussion on ,vitalism4 ,we ask = an explanation ( ! occurr5ces--say ( reg5]ation4 ,we f9d t no physical explanation 9 ! lea/ meets ! ne$s ( ! case1 & we are consequ5tly oblig$ to look = x 9 some?+ diff]+ f ! op]ations ( *emi/ry & physics4 ,( ?is argum5t ,dr4 ,john/one#aj says3 ,x is almo/ impossible to ov]e/imate ! appeal :i* x makes to ! inve/igator4 ,n[1 ?is matt] ( arrangem5t or ( pre-det]m9ation1 :5 put =w>d z an explanation1 ev5 t5tatively1 necessitates a /ep fur!r4 ,t /ep might possibly be 9 ! direction ( pan!ism1 ?\gh1 accord+ to ,dries*1#aa pan!ism is ! doctr9e t reality is a some?+ :i* makes itself 7'dieu se fait1' 9 ! words ( ,b]gson71 :il/ !ism w\ld be any !ory accord+ to :i* ! manifoldness ( mat]ial reality is pr$et]m9$ 9 an immat]ial way4 ,& he concludes t ^? :o reg>d ! !sis ( ! !ory ( ord] z necess>y = ev]y?+ t is or c be1 mu/ accept !ism1 & are n all[$ to speak ( 'dieu qui se fait4' ,x is difficult to see h[ anyone :o has /udi$ ! rigid ord] exhibit$ by exp]im5ts on ,m5delian l9es c resi/ ! logic ( ?is argum5t unless inde$ he takes a place on ,plate's plat=m1 :i* admits t a law entails a lawgiv]1 b decl>es t ( ! ,lawgiv] ( ,natural ,laws we c "k no?+4#ab ,!re is a fur!r po9t 9 connection ) ,m5delian !ories :i* is wor? not+ 9 ?is connection4 ,x w\ld appe> t no new factor is ev] br\ght into be+1 t is1 no addition is ev] made by v>iation4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory ! ?+s :i* appe> to be add$--a new col\r or a new sc5t--7 !re all ! "t4 ,!y 7 /opp$ d[n or inhibit$ by "s o!r factor1 :i*1 :5 elim9at$1 all[s !m to come into play1 & ?us to become obvi\s to ! obs]v] f :om !y _h be5 hidd54 ,?us1 ,pr(essor ,bateson 7,m41 p4 #ag7 has confid5ce t ! arti/ic gifts ( mank9d w prove to be due1 n to some?+ add$ to ! make-up ( an ord9>y man1 b to ! abs5ce ( factors :i* 9 ! normal p]son inhibit ! developm5t ( ^! gifts4 ,!y are almo/ beyond d\bt to be look$ ^u z releases ( p[]s normally suppress$4 ,! in/rum5t is !re1 b x is '/opp$ d[n4' ,t all sorts ( ?+s may exi/ 9 a v small compass no d\bt is true4 ,pr(essor ,bateson rem9ds u t ,%akespe>e 0 once a speck ( protoplasm n s big z a small p9's head4 ,! difficulty--insup]able on ord9>y moni/ic l9es--is h[ all ^! ?+s got into ! g]m if no additions ev] take place4 ,x 0 s difficult to acc\nt1 = example1 = arti/ic appreciation on ! "p ( man or = gifts ( an arti/ic "* t ,huxley 0 fa9 to describe !m z gratuit\s2 b on ?is %[+ all *>act]s are gratuit\s 9 ! s5se t !y are n acquir$4 ,we may reasonably inquire n m]ely h[ all ^! *>act]s & factors got !mselves arrang$ or pack$1 b :]e !y came f1 & h[ !y came to be 9 ! g]m at all1 matt]s on :i* we receive no in=mation 9 ^! addresses4 ,no d\bt ! au?or ( ! addresses w\ld say t x 0 no "p ( 8 bus9ess to expla9 ?is matt]2 t he took ?is sy/em ( ,nature z a go+ sy/em & did 8 be/ to expla9 x z su* & )\t attempt+1 p]haps ev5 )\t desir+1 to expla9 h[ x got a-go+4 ,if t be ! case1 & if ignorance on ?is head mu/ be 8 confession1 x is a little difficult to und]/& ! confid5ce ) :i* he sets himself to discuss ! extraord9>y & f>-rea*+ *anges 9 public op9ion :i* are com+ to pass4 ,we %all f9d ^!1 z we pass !m 9 review1 to be extraord9>y en\gh1 ?\gh n v new4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 g5etic rese>* w make x possible = a nation to elect by :at sort ( be+s x w be repres5t$ n v _m g5]ations h5ce1 mu* z a f>m] c decide :e!r 8 byres %all be full ( %or?orns or ,h]e=ds4 ,x w be v surpris+ inde$ if "s nation does n make trial ( ?is new p[]4 ,!y may make awful mi/akes1 b ,i ?9k !y w try 7,s41 p4 #h74 ,x is curi\s h[ ! w>1 :i* _h j comm5c$ :5 ^! addresses 7 be+ deliv]$1 has absolutely dispos$1 or ought to h dispos$1 ( "s ( ! prophecies ( ! ,presid5t4 ,no?+1 at any rate1 seems m c]ta9 ?an t "o result ( ?is mo/ disa/r\s /ruggle w be an urg5t dem& by all ! ,/ates engag$ 9 x = at lea/ z _m male *ildr5 z ! mo!rs ( ea* c\ntry c supply1 )\t special reg>d to _! o!r *>act]s1 bre$able or n bre$able4 ,we are ev5 told t ,g]many is resort+ to exp$i5ts :i* _c be ju/ifi$ on ,*ri/ian pr9ciples to fill h] deplet$ homes4 ,:e!r ?is be true or n ! fact rema9s t no?+ is n[ m to be desir$ by all ! combatant nations ?an :at we call 9 ,irel& long families4 ,b ev5 if !re _h be5 no w>1 !re is "o o!r factor :i* makes x q c]ta9 t no c\ntry ev] w try1 or if x v5tures to try1 w ev] succe$ 9 any su* exp]im5t1 & t factor1 =gott5 by philosoph]s ( ?is k9d1 is human nature4 ,mr4 ,frank=t ,moore ye>s ago wrote a pleasant /ory1 call$ ,! ,m>riage ,lease1 9 :i* doctr9aire legislation ( a some:at simil> k9d 0 describ$1 & its inevitable failure mo/ amus+ly depict$4 ,! w> disposes ( ano!r ( ! ,presid5t's maxims 7,s41 p4 #aj71 t ! decl9e 9 ! bir?-rate ( a c\ntry is no?+ to be griev$ ab\t1 & t ! slighte/ acqua9tance ) biology %[s t ! inf]5ce may be :olly wrong1 :i* ass]ts t a nation 9 :i* population is n rapidly increas+ mu/ be 9 a decl9e 7,s41 p4 #aj74 ,human nature 0 neglect$ 9 ! fir/-m5tion$ case1 & "h x is ! turn ( hi/ory to pass into ! %ade1 hi/ory :i*1 pace ! ,presid5t1 has really a good deal m be>+ ^u a "q ( ?is k9d ?an ! s*ool-boy natural hi/ory :i* he ?9ks capable ( settl+ x4 ,?us we advance f bre$+ to ,mal?usianism4 ,x is p]haps n wond]ful t our next /ep %\ld be ! quiet1 & ( c\rse pa9less1 ext9ction ( ! unfit4 ,?\ %alt n kill1 b ne$s't n /rive ,(fici\sly to keep alive4 ,?us wrote ,cl\gh2 b our au?or1 x appe>s1 w\ld g fur!r ?an ?is4 ,! pres]vation ( an infant s gravely diseas$ t x c nev] be happy or come to any good is some?+ v l wanton cruelty4 ,9 private life few m5 def5d su* int]f]5ce 7,s4 #aj74 ,& s su* un=tunates %\ld be got rid (1 & w be z soon z sci5tific k becomes common prop]ty--:5 views m reasonable1 &1 ,i may add1 m humane are likely to prevail4 ,le/ we %\ld be depress$ by ?is massacre ( ! innoc5ts1 we are told t man is j beg9n+ to "k himself = :at he is--a r long-liv$ animal1 ) great p[]s ( enjoym5t if he does n delib]ately =go !m 7,s41 p4 #i74 ,9 ! pa/1 poor fool t he has be51 he has n avail$ himself ( 8 opportunities3 ,hi!rto sup]/ition & my?ical ideas ( s9 h pr$om9antly controll$ ^! p[]s4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 take he>t3 ,my/icism w n die out2 = ^? /range fancies k is no cure2 b _! =ms may *ange1 & my/icism z a =ce = ! suppression ( joy is happily los+ its hold on ! mod]n _w 7ib41 ib474 ,let u eat & dr9k--&1 x may be add$1 s9--= to-morr[ we die4 ,su* is ! new gospel ( sci5ce1 an old en\gh gospel1 tri$ & f\nd want+ ye>s be=e its late/ prophet arose to proclaim x to ! _w4 ,surely no m ridicul\s utt]ance ev] 0 made2 = its au?or evid5tly did n pause to consid] t ! s9s :i* make life pleasant to "s 7= example1 ,?ugg]y7 are apt to h q ano!r aspect to ^? ?r\gh ^: victimisation ! pleasure is obta9$4 ,!re is also "h su* a ?+ z ! consci5ce1 :i* has to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,ev5 ! biological h$oni/ mu/ orig9ally possess su* a ?+ &1 x may be suppos$1 mu/ deal ) x z he w\ld ) ! gravely diseas$ *ildr51 & z some?+ :i* w\ld pr$om9antly control 8 p[]s ( enjoym5t4 ,s]i\sly1 x may be d\bt$ if a m pagan code ( morals has ev] be5 laid d[n1 & ?is 9 ! ,encyclical ( ,sci5ce = ! ye>1 a code bad en\gh to make poor ,m5del turn 9 8 grave c\ld he--good1 hone/ man--be aw>e ( x1 & imag9e t he 0 9 any way responsible = x1 :i*1 by ! way1 is 9 no way ! case4 #b4 ,,sci5ce ,,z ,a ,,rule ,,( ,,life ,sa9t or s9n]1 "s rule ( life we mu/ h1 ev5 if we are :olly unconsci\s ( ! fact4 ,a spiritual director w help u to map out a c\rse ( action :i* w assi/ u to %ake (f "s little ( ! du/ ( ?is du/y _w2 & a doctor w lay d[n = u a diet>y :i* w help u to elude1 = a "t at lea/1 ! insidi\s onsets ( ! g\t4 ,ev5 if we take no =mal /eps1 spiritual or corporeal1 "s rule ( life we mu/ a*ieve = ourselves4 ,we mu/1 = example1 make up our m9ds :e!r we are to op5 our e>s & our purse to tales ( mis]y1 or are to jo9 ourselves ) ^? ^: rule ( life x is to keep t :i* !y h = !mselves4 ,:at is true ( ea* ( u is none ! less true ( ea* & e race--ev5 m true2 = ea* race mu/ make up its m9d def9itely z to :i* rule x w foll[4 ,& at ! mom5t !re is /ill d\bt & indecision 9 ?is matt]4 ,! moral problem t confronts ,europe to-day is3 ,:at sort ( righte\sness are we1 individually & collectively1 to pursue8 ,is ! new righte\sness to be realis$ 9 a return to ! old brutality8 ,%all ! la/ values be z ! fir/8 ,mu/ e?ical process con=m to natural process z exemplifi$ by ! life ( any animal t secures dom9ancy at ! exp5se ( ! weak] memb]s ( its k9d8#ac ,su* are ! que/ions rais$ by a man ( sci5ce occupy+ ! ,presid5tial ,*air ( an important society & speak+ to t society z its ,presid5t4 ,z to ! ,*ri/ian ideals little ne$ be said1 s9ce we "k v well :at !y are1 & "k ?is mo/ especially1 t practically all ( !m are 9 direct opposition to :at we may call ! ideals ( ,nature1 & ex]cise all _! influ5ce 9 fru/rat+ su* laws z t ( ,natural ,selection4 ,nature's ,insurg5t ,son1 z ,sir ,ray ,lanke/] calls him1#ad is at con/ant w> ) ,nature1 & :5 we come to consid] ! matt] c>efully1 9 t respect mo/ fully diff]5tiates himself f all o!r liv+ ?+s1 none ( :i* make any attempt to control ! =ces ( ,nature = _! own advantage4 ,nature's inexorable discipl9e ( dea? to ^? :o d n rise to h] /&>d--survival & p>5tage = ^? alone :o d--has be5 f ! e>lie/ times m & m def9itely resi/$ by ! w ( man4 ,if we may = ! purpose ( analysis1 z x 71 extract man f ! re/ ( ,nature1 ( :i* he is truly a product & a "p1 !n we may say t man is ,nature's rebel4 ,:]e ,nature says ',die6' man says ',i w live4'#ae ,to ?is x may be add$ t1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 man goes a /ep fur!r & says3 ,i w endeav\r t z _m o!rs z may be %all live1 & live happy1 heal?y lives1 & %all n untimely die4 ,! law ( ,natural ,selection c\ld n be met by m direct opposition4 ,i h said t ?is is "u ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 yet ! impulse seems to be old] ?an t1 to be "p ( t moral law :i* excit$ ,kant's admiration1 :i* he c\pl$ ) ! sight ( ! />ry heav5s1 an impulse1 we c sc>cely d\bt1 implant$ 9 ! he>t ( man by ,god ,himself4 ,x is a rem>kable fact t 9 _m--"s w\ld say mo/--( ! less civilis$ races ( mank9d we f9d ^! social virtues1 :i* "s w\ld h u believe are deg5]ate features foi/$ on to ! race by an en]vat+ sup]/ition4 ,dr4 ,m>ett has c>efully exam9$ into ?is matt]1 & 8 conclusions are ( ! greate/ int]e/4#af ,my own !ory ab\t ! peasant1 z ,i "k him1 & ab\t p ( l[ly culture 9 g5]al s f> z ,i h le>nt to "k ab\t !m1 is t ! e?ics ( amity belong to _! natural & normal mood1 :]eas ! e?ics ( enmity1 be+ b 'z ! %ad[ ( a pass+ fe>1' are relatively accid5tal4 ,?us to ! !sis t human *>ity is a by-product1 ,i retort squ>ely ) ! c\nt]-!sis t human hatr$ is a by-product4 ,! brute t lurks 9 our common human nature w break b\nds sometimes2 b ,i believe t :5ev] man1 be he savage or civilis$1 is at home to himself1 8 pleasure & pride is to play ! good neighb\r4 ,x may be urg$ by way ( objection t ,i ov]e/imate ! am5ities1 :e!r economic or e?ical1 ( ! primitive /ate2 t a h>d life is b\nd to produce a h>d man4 ,i am afraid t ! psy*ological necessity ( ! alleg$ correlation is by no means evid5t to me4 ,surely ! h>d-work+ individual c f9d pl5ty ( scope = 8 en]gies )\t ne$+1 let u say1 to beat 8 wife4 ,nor are ! h>d-work+ peoples ( ! e>? especially notori\s = _! inhumanity4 ,?us ! ,eskimo1 ^: life is "o long fight aga9/ ! cold1 has ! w>me/ ( he>ts4 ,mr4 ,/efanson says ( 8 newly discov]$ ',blonde ,eskimo1' a p /ill liv+ 9 ! /one age3 ',!y are ! equals ( ! be/ ( our own race 9 good bre$+1 k9dness1 & ! sub/antial virtues4'#ag ,or aga91 heat in/ead ( cold may drive man to ! utmo/ limit ( 8 natural affections4 ,9 ! des]ts ( ,c5tral ,au/ralia1 :]e ! native is ev] ?reat5$ by a sc>city ( food1 8 con/ant preoccupation is n h[ to prey on 8 companions4 ,r he unites ) !m 9 guilds & bro!rhoods1 s t !y may fea/ toge!r 9 ! _s1 su/a9+ !mselves ) ! common hope & mutual sugge/ion ( bett] luck to come4 ,b !re is no ne$ to g s f> afield = "o's pro(s4 ,i appeal to ^? :o h made x _! bus9ess to be intimate ) ! folk ( our own c\ntryside4 ,is x n ! fact t unselfi%ness 9 reg>d to ! %>+ ( ! necess>ies ( life is *>act]i/ic ( ^? :o f9d !m mo/ difficult to come by8 ,! poor are by no means ! lea/ 'ri* t[>ds ,god4' ,at any rate1 if pov]ty sometimes h>d5s1 weal?1 especially sudd5 weal?1 c h>d5 too1 caus+ arrogance1 boa/fulness1 & ! bully+ temp]4 ',a pr\d look1 a ly+ tongue1 & ! %$d+ ( innoc5t blood'--^! g toge!r4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 we may p]haps conclude t ! natural bias ( mank9d is t[>ds k9dness to 8 neighb\r1 h[ev] mu* ! brute 9 him may sometimes impel him to un*>itable words or actions4 ,& c]ta9ly ?is natural bias is int5sifi$ & made into a b9d+ law by ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/4 ,b !re is ! o!r po9t ( view set =w>d 9 ! philosophy ( ,nietzs*e--if inde$ su* writ+s are wor?y ( ! "n philosophy4 ,! _w is = ! sup]man4 ,dom9ancy )9 ! human k9d mu/ be secur$ at all co/s4 ,z = ! old values1 !y are all wrong4 ,*ri/ian humility is a slavi% virtue2 s is ,*ri/ian *>ity4 ,su* values h become 'd5aturalis$4' ,!y are ! by-product ( c]ta9 primitive activities1 :i* 7 int5d$ by ,nature to subs]ve /rictly biological ends1 b h someh[ escap$ f ,nature's control & run riot on _! own acc\nt4 ,! prophets ( ?is gr\p ( ideals1 or "s su* gr\p ( ideals1 h no hesitation 9 tell+ u h[ !y w\ld direct ! affairs ( humanity if !y 7 entru/$ ) _! conduct4 ,x w n be )\t int]e/ to consid] _! plans & to endeav\r to =m "s sort ( an idea ( :at k9d ( place ! _w w\ld be if !y _h _! way4 ,we c !n =m our own op9ion z to :e!r a _w conduct$ on su* l9es w\ld be 9 any way a tol]able place = human exi/5ce4 ,fir/ ( all we may dwell briefly on ,natural ,selection z a rule ( life1 s9ce x has be5 put =w>d z su* by q a numb] ( p]sons4 ,nev]1 let x at once be said1 by ! great & g5tle-he>t$ orig9ator ( t !ory1 :o dur+ 8 life _h to prote/ z to ! ignorant & exagg]at$ ideas :i* 7 express$ ab\t x & :o1 7 he n[ alive1 w\ld c]ta9ly be %ock$ at ! tea*+s :i* are suppos$ to foll[ f 8 !ory & ! dire results :i* !y h produc$4#ah ,9 ! fir/ place su* a doctr9e leads directly to ! conclusion t w>1 in/ead ( be+ ! curse & disa/] :i* all reasonable p1 n to say all ,*ri/ians1 feel x to be1 is1 z ,b]nh>di puts x1 a biological necessity1 a regulative elem5t 9 ! life ( mank9d t _c be disp5s$ )4 ,x is ! basis ( all heal?y developm5t4 ,/ruggle is n m]ely ! de/ructive b ! life-giv+ pr9ciple4 ,! law ( ! /rong holds good ev]y:]e4 ,^? =ms survive :i* are able to secure = !mselves ! mo/ fav\rable conditions4 ,! weak] succumb4 ,humanity has _h at times evid5ces ( ! results ( ?is tea*+ :i* are n1 "o may fairly say1 ( a k9d to comm5d !mselves to any p]son possess$ ( a mod]ately k9dly1 n to say ( a ,*ri/ian1 disposition4 ,=tunately1 or un=tunately1 we h ! opportunity ( /udy+ ! exp]im5t 9 actual op]ation 9 a race :i*1 ( c\rse 9 entire ignorance ( ! fact1 is actually putt+ into practice ! tea*+s ( ,natural ,selection1 ?\gh x mu/ be admitt$ t ! practice has n be5 successful1 nor does x look l be+ successful1 9 rais+ t race above ! v l[e/ rung ( ! ladd] ( civilisation4 ,capta9 ,:iff5#ai has giv5 a v complete & a v int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! peoples :om he met ) dur+ 8 w&]+s 9 ! regions indicat$ by ! title ( 8 book4 ,& he tells u t ! survival ( ! mo/ fit is ! v real & ! v /]n rule ( life 9 ! ,amazonian =e/s4 ,f bir? to dea? x rules ! ,indians' life & philosophy4 ,to help to pres]ve ! unfit w\ld (t5 be to prejudice ! *ances ( ! fit4 ,!re are no arm-*air s5tim5tali/s to oppose ?is v practical consid]ation4 ,! ,indian judges x by 8 /&>d ( common s5se3 :y live a life t has ceas$ to be wor? liv+ :5 !re is no bugbe> ( a hell to make "o cl+ to ! mo/ mis]able ( exi/5ces r ?an risk great] mis]y8 ,let u n[ see ! k9d ( life :i* ! au?or1 fre$ himself no d\bt f ! bugbe> ( hell1 consid]s em95tly s5sible--! k9d ( life ( :i* only an arm-*air s5tim5tali/ w\ld disapprove2 a k9d ( life1 x may be add$1 :i* w appe> to mo/ ord9>ily m9d$ p z be+ "o ( selfi%ness rais$ to its highe/ p[]4 ,to beg9 ) ! e>lie/ ev5t 9 life4 ,if a *ild1 on its appe>ance 9 ! _w1 appe>s to be 9 any way defective1 its "m quietly kills x & deposits its body 9 ! =e/4 ,if ! "m dies 9 *ildbir? ! *ild1 unless someone takes pity on x & adopts x1 is kill$ by ! fa!r1 :o1 x may be presum$1 is indispos$ to take ! tr\ble1 p]haps inde$ incapable ( do+ s1 ( re>+ ! mo!rless babe4 ,t ! *ild1 9 any case1 imm$iately aft] bir?1 is plung$ into cold wat]1 is n p]haps a consci\s me?od ( elim9at+ ! weak1 ?\gh x mu/ op]ate 9 t direction4 ,at a lat] p]iod ( life %\ld any disease believ$ to be infecti\s break out 9 a tribe1 ^? attack$ by x are imm$iately left1 ev5 by _! close/ relatives1 ! h\se is ab&on$1 & possibly ev5 burnt4 ,su* d]elict h\ses are no uncommon sight 9 ! =e/1 grimly desolate mem5toes ( possible trag$ies4 ,:5 a p]son becomes insane1 he is fir/ ( all exorcis$ by ! m$ic9e man1 & if t fails is put to dea? by poison by ! same function>y4 ,! sick are dealt ) on simil> l9es1 unless !re is or seems to be a probability ( spe$y recov]y4 ,cases ( *ronic illness meet ) no sympa?y f ! ,indians4 ,a man :o _c hunt or fight is reg>d$ z useless1 he is m]ely a burd5 on ! community4 ,"u ^! circum/ances he is ei!r left at home unt5d$ or hunt$ out into ! bu% to die1 or 8 end is accel]at$ by ! m$ic9e man4 ,! same fate awaits ! ag$1 unless !y seem to be ( value to ! tribe on acc\nt ( _! wisdom & exp]i5ce4 ,all ^! ?+s plac$ toge!r give u a p]fect picture ( life "u ,natural ,selection1 & hav+ /udi$ x we may fairly ask :e!r su* a rule ( life is "o "u :i* any "o ( u w\ld l to live4 ,9 e respect x is ! antipodes ( ! ,*ri/ian rule ( life1 & ( t rule ( life :i* civilis$ c\ntries1 :e!r 9 fact ,*ri/ian or n1 h d]iv$ f ,*ri/ianity & /ill practise4 ,! non-,*ri/ian rule ( ! ,indians is "o "u :i* might is "r & no real individual lib]ty exi/s1 all p]sonal rights be+ sacrific$ to ! suppos$ ne$s & b5efit ( ! community4 ,s mu* f ! po9t ( view ( ,natural ,selection1 b x w\ld appe> t ^? :o h giv5 up t factor z ( any?+ b a v m9or value1 if ev5 t1 h also _! rule ( life f\nd$ on _! int]pretation ( ,nature4 ,?us ,pr(essor ,bateson1 ! great expon5t ( ,m5del's doctr9es1 :o has told u 9 8 ,presid5tial ,address to ! ,briti% ,association t we mu/ ?9k mu* less highly ( ,natural ,selection ?an "s w\ld h u d1 has1 z has be5 set =? 9 ! previ\s section ( ?is essay1 8 op9ion z to ! rule ( life :i* we %\ld foll[4 ,pr(essor ,conklyn1 an ,am]ican en?usia/ = extreme eug5i/ic views1 has also set d[n 9 pr9t 8 ideas z to ! l9es on :i* our lives are to be run "u a sci5tific dom9ation1 & ^! are to be dealt ) 9 ano!r article4#bj ,8 s*eme entails a =cible visit1 n1 x may be suppos$1 to ! ,alt>1 b to ! ,regi/ry ,(fice1 = all p]sons held to be fit to p]petuate ! race1 & =cible re/ra9t1 :e!r by imprisonm5t or by /]ilisation1 = all o!rs4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* all ^! essays t[>ds a sci5tific conduct ( life reveal is a total want ( p]spective1 = !y proce$ on ! hypo!sis--:i* no d\bt _! au?ors w\ld def5d--t ?is _w & its conc]ns are ev]y?+1 & t ! intellectual & physical improvem5t ( ! human race by any measures1 h[ev] h>%1 is ! "o ?+ ne$ful4 ,b beyond ?is ! p]sons :o hold su* views seem to h entirely ov]look$ ! fact t _! propos$ ,/ate w\ld be "o conduct$ on pr9ciples ( ! bitt]e/ & mo/ gall+ slav]y imag9able by ! m9d ( man1 a =m ( slav]y t nev] c\ld p]si/ if = a mom5t x be conc$$ t x c\ld ev] come into op]ation4 ,! fact is t ! :ole ?+ is ludicr\s :5 look$ at f ! po9t ( view ( common s5se1 b h[ few take ! tr\ble to contemplate ^! s*emes z !y w\ld be 9 op]ation6 ,7 !y ?us to contemplate !m1 !y w\ld see t1 ap>t altoge!r f any religi\s consid]ations1 !y are :olly impossible1 ev5 f a purely political po9t ( view4 ,t su* ideas are intol]able to ,ca?olic m9ds1 inde$ to any ,*ri/ian m9d1 goes )\t say+4 ,dries* 7,sci5ce & ,philosophy ( ! ,organism1 vol4 ii41 p4 #ceh7 has po9t$ out v cle>ly t ! me*anical !ory ( life is incompatible ) morality1 & t x is impossible to feel morally t[>ds o!r individuals if "o kn[s t !y are ma*9es & no?+ m4 ,aga91 ,pr(essor ,h5sl[ 79 ,pres5t ,day ,rationalism ,critically ,exam9$1 p4 #bec7 v p]t95tly asks ^? :o disc>d all religi\s consid]ations & claim to rely = guidance on ! lessons ( ,nature1 ,if y h no ta/e = virtue1 :y be virtu\s at all1 s long z y d n violate ! laws ( ! l&8 ,yet1 9 ! face ( ^! surely obvi\s facts1 we f9d p]sons mak+ su* absurd claims z t made 9 a rec5t book by ,rignano1 an ,italian writ] 7,essays 9 ,sci5tific ,syn!sis1 #aiag74 ,x is n (t5 t "o meets a book s full ( philosophical fallacies z ?is4 ,we are c]ta9 ( "o fact1 he says1 t ! only organ actually br\ght into play to fight immorality is ! organ ( ! collective consci5ce & n ! religi\s organ4 ,i suppose no m ludicr\sly inaccurate rem>k ev] 0 set d[n 9 pr9t2 =1 to beg9 )1 ! collective consci5ce1 :atev] t may be1 does n exi/ 9 ,nature1 te/e ! f>my>d & ! f[l-run2 & aga91 :atev] =ce is connot$ by ^? words mu/ h be5 set ago+--by :at8 ,by ,nature8 ,oh1 mo/ emphatically ,no6 ,nature has no law aga9/ immorality2 !re is no ,categorical ,imp]ative 9 ,nature comm&+ u to be *a/e or k9dly or consid]ate or ev5 j4 ,we mu/ g else:]e if we are to look = tea*+ 9 ! virtues4 ,t is ! fact t we mu/ keep cle>ly be=e our m9ds :5 endeav\r+ to e/imate at _! prop] value ! no/rums ( writ]s su* z ^? ) ^: works we h be5 deal+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,two addresses 7 deliv]$ 9 #aiad--"o 9 ,melb\rne1 ! o!r 9 ,sydney4 ,^! w be ref]r$ to 9 ?is article z ,m4 ,s4 ,footnote #b3 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge3 ,cont9uity1 p4 #ij4 ,footnote #c3 ,mat]ials = ! ,/udy ( ,v>iation1 ,london1 #ahid4 ,footnote #d3 ,! ,hi/ory & ,!ory ( ,vitalism1 p4 #adj4 ,footnote #e3 ,unconsci\s ,memory4 ,fifield4 #aiaj4 ,footnote #f3 ,^? :o desire fur!r in=mation may be ref]r$ to ,a ,c5tury ( ,sci5tific ,?\ght1 by ! pres5t writ]4 ,burns ,oates4 ,footnote #g3 ,op4 cit41 pp4 #acg-h4 ,footnote #h3 ,! ,philosophy ( ,biology1 p4 #fd4 ,footnote #i3 ,9 an article 9 ! volume ,d>w9 & ,mod]n ,sci5ce1 p4 #ajj4 ,footnote #aj3 ,op4 cit41 p4 #cai4 ,footnote #aa3 ,op4 cit41 pp4 #bch-i4 ,footnote #ab3 ,see ! discussion on ?is subject 9 ,wasmann's ,! ,problem ( ,evolution4 ,footnote #ac3 ,r4 ,r4 ,m>ett1 ,presid5tial ,address to ,folk-,lore ,society1 #aiae4 ,folk-,lore1 vol4 xxvii41 pp4 #a-ad4 ,footnote #ad3 ,! ,k+dom ( ,man4 ,london3 ,con/able ,co4 #aijg4 ,footnote #ae3 ,lanke/]1 op4 cit41 p4 #bf4 ,footnote #af3 ,op4 cit41 pp4 #ba-bg4 ,footnote #ag3 ,my ,life ) ! ,eskimo 7#aiac71 p4 #ahh4 ,footnote #ah3 ,= a discussion ( ?is "q1 see ,b]nh>di & ,creation1 by ,sir ,james ,cri*ton-,br[ne1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,glasg[3 ,james ,maclehose ,sons4 #aiaf4 ,footnote #ai3 ,! ,nor?we/ ,amazons4 ,london3 ,con/able ,co4 #aiae4 ,footnote #bj3 ,sci5ce & ! ,w>1 p4 #abj4 ,,ii4 ,,!ophobia ,,& ,,nemesis #a4 ,,!ophobia3 ,,its ,,cause ,initium sapi5ti timor ,dom9i2 no d\bt1 b su* fe> is only ! beg9n+1 & is n ! k9d ( fe>--:i* also exi/s--a fe> :i* eng5d]s an actual revulsion aga9/ ! idea ( ,god4 ,x is to ?is k9d ( fe> :i* ! em95t ,jesuit writ] ,wasmann alludes :5 he says t 9 _m sci5tific circles !re is an absolute ,!ophobia1 a dread ( ! ,creator4 ,i c only regret ?is1 he cont9ues1 because ,i believe t x is due *iefly to a defective k ( ,*ri/ian philosophy & !ology4 ,t he is entirely "r z to ! exi/5ce ( ?is feel+ !re c be no d\bt2 no "o c read at all widely 9 sci5tific lit]ature )\t becom+ aw>e ( x4 ,contr>y to all ! t5ets ( sci5ce !re is ev5 a bias aga9/ any su* idea z t ( a ,creator1 ?\gh sci5ce is suppos$ to confront all problems )\t bias ( any k9d4 ,i ne$ n cite in/ances ( ?is feel+2 ,i h dealt ) x else:]e4 ,we may take x = grant$1 & proce$ to look = an explanation = ! ph5om5on4 ,wasmann attributes x to ignorance1 & he is1 ,i feel sure1 "r2 b let u exam9e ! matt] a little m closely4 ,:y %\ld p]sons--ev5 if ignorant--h ! bias :i* "s obvi\sly pres5t aga9/ ! idea ( a ,god8 ,:y %\ld !y wi% to ?9k t !re is no su* ,be+1 no future exi/5ce1 no?+ high] ?an ,nature8 ,"s p]sons ma9ta9 t prec$5t to a d5ial ( ,god !re mu/ be a moral failure4 ,t ,i am sure is q wrong4 ,i %\ld be f> f say+ t 9 "s mat]iali/s !re is n a consid]able weak5+ ( moral fibre1 or p]haps x w\ld be bett] put1 a di/ortion ( moral vision1 z evid5c$ by _m ( ! /atem5ts & proposals ( eug5i/s1 = example1 & by ! political no/rums ( "s :o wre/ sci5ce to a purpose = :i* x 0 n int5d$4 ,?is no d\bt is true1 b x is n q ! argum5t ) :i* ,i am n[ deal+1 & t argum5t1 if x implies moral failure 9 ! p]sons conc]n$1 has little if any g5u9e f\ndation 9 fact4 ,mr4 ,devas1 9 t v rem>kable book1 ,! ,key to ! ,_w's ,progress1 gives u ! useful phrase po/-,*ri/ians4 ,^! p are really pagans liv+ 9 ! ,*ri/ian era1 reta9+ _m ( ! excell5t qualities :i* !y owe nei!r to ,nature nor to paganism1 b to ! inh]itance--p]haps involunt>y & unrecognis$--( ! influ5ces ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,_m ( ^! p are k9d1 b5evol5t1 scrupul\sly moral4 ,!y h n le>n$ to be su* f ,nature1 = ,nature tea*es no su* lessons4 ,nor h !y le>nt !m f paganism1 = ^! are n pagan virtues4 ,!y are an inh]itance f ,*ri/ianity4 ,^?1 !re=e1 :o build argum5ts z to ! ne$lessness ( religion on ! f\ndation t p]sons )\t any belief 9 ,god d exhibit all ! moral virtues1 build on s&4 ,at any rate ! answ] to ! "q :i* we are discuss+ is n to be f\nd 9 ?is direction4 ,o!rs aga9 w p]haps ma9ta9 ! !sis t fa%ion has a great deal to d ) ?is4 ,x is n fa%ionable to believe 9 ,god1 or at lea/ x 0 n4 ,x 0 highly fa%ionable to call oneself an agno/ic2 p]haps x is n q s mu* ! vogue n[ z x 04 ,no d\bt !re is some?+ 9 ?is1 ?\gh n v mu*4 ,x is mu* easi] to g ) ! tide ?an aga9/ x1 & !re are sci5tific tides z truly z !re are tides 9 ! fa%ion ( dress4 ,!re 0 a ,weismann tide1 n[ ne>ly at dead wat]2 !re 0 an anti-vitali/ic tide1 n[ ebb+ fa/4 ,:5 ^! 7 9 full fl[ x 0 a haz>d\s ?+ = a "y man :o _h to make 8 own way 9 ! sci5tific _w to swim aga9/ ei!r or bo? ( !m4 ,fa%ions *ange1 & fa%ion is n s set aga9/ ! idea ( a ,god z x 04 ,! mat]iali/ic tide is go+ out1 & we %all see t !re is "s tru? 9 ! view :i* holds t ! incom+ tide is l>gely t ( occultism1 a ?+ dislik$ & despis$--& inde$ ) "s reason--by ! mat]iali/ic s*ool ev5 m ?an x dislikes & despises !i/ic op9ions4 ,fa%ion1 h[ev]1 is n 9 any way a complete answ] to ! "q we are propos+ to ourselves1 nor is ! unque/ionable fact t sci5tific m5 h a /rong objection to putt+ _! tru/ 9 any?+ :i* _c be subject$ ei!r to sci5tific exam9ation or to exp]im5t4 ,9 ?is attitude !re is m ?an a g]m ( tru?4 ,occam's razor is z valuable an implem5t to-day z x ev] 01 & ev]yone w admit t we mu/ exhau/ all kn[n causes be=e we proce$ to po/ulate a new "o4 ,we h gone beyond ! day ( ! absurd /atem5t t ?\ght 7:i* is ( c\rse unext5d$7 is z mu* a secretion ( ! bra9 z bile 7:i*1 equally ( c\rse1 is ext5d$7 is ( ! liv]4 ,no "o n[adays w\ld commit himself to su* a /atem5t1 & m5 9 g5]al w\ld be *>y ( urg+ t we %\ld n believe any?+ :i* we _c und]/&4 ,i h myself he>d a di/+ui%$ man ( sci5ce ( 8 day--he is dead ?is qu>t] ( a c5tury--make t /atem5t 9 public1 :olly ignor+ ! fact t any bran* ( sci5ce :i* we may pursue w supply u ) a hundr$ problems we c nei!r und]/& nor expla91 yet ! factors ( :i* we are b\nd to admit4 ,b !re is und\bt$ly a dislike to accept+ any?+ :i* _c be prov$ by sci5tific means1 & a t5d5cy to describe z my/icism--a t]rible & damn+ t]m to apply to any?+1 s its employ]s ?9k6--any explanation :i* po/ulates some?+ m 9 ! univ]se ?an op]ations ( a physical & *emical "*4 ,my own op9ion is t ! /ate ( ?+s :i* we are consid]+ f9ds its explanation 9 hi/ory1 & ,i propose to devote a %ort space to develop+ ?is view4 ,( c\rse we might1 & 9 "s ways %\ld1 g back to ! ,re=mation & to ! de/ruction ( religion :i* !n took place4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 pass f t p]iod to a "t "s hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago & comm5ce our inve/igations !re1 & 9 c>ry+ !m out ,i propose to make consid]able use ( ! novels ( diff]5t p]iods4 ,x is a truism t v little b ! dry bones ( hi/ory c be le>nt f hi/ories4 ,n[adays p are sick ( read+ ab\t m or less immoral mon>*s1 & m or less corrupt politicians1 & x may be suspect$ t mo/ ( u h _h our bellyful ( w>s n[ t ! rec5t conte/ has come to an end4 ,:at "o really wants to le>n f hi/ory is h[ ! ord9>y folk1 l ourselves1 7 gett+ on2 :at _! ideas 72 h[ ! _w wagg$ = !m4 ,su* in=mation we are mu* m likely to get f memoirs &1 s9ce su* works h be5 publi%$1 f novels4 ,! noveli/ is n to be suppos$ to be committ$ to acceptance ( all ! rem>ks put into ! m\?s ( 8 *>act]s1 b1 if he is ( ! second1 n to say ! fir/ flight 7&1 if he is n1 he is n wor? quot+71 8 *>act]s & ! g5]al tone ( 8 book w n be out ( t\* ) ! times to :i* !y belong4 ,s9ce ! novel came into exi/5ce z some?+ m ?an an occasional r>ity1 x is ! noveli/s & n ! play]s :o are ! ab/ract & brief *ronicles ( ! times1 & x is to !m t we %all apply = "s ( ! in=mation we desire4 ,to comm5ce ) ! ,georgian p]iod1 x is n too mu* to say t any?+ l real religion 0 sc>cely ev] at a l[] ebb 9 ,engl&4 ,?is is n to say t !re 0 an absolute de>? ( religion4 ,law wrote 8 ,s]i\s ,call dur+ t p]iod1 & !re are few books ( its k9d :i* h _h a great] & m la/+ effect4 ,!re 7 o!rs ( l b less] "* ?an ,law1 b1 on ! :ole1 no "o w d5y t ! cl]gy ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* 7,ca?olics 71 ( c\rse1 9 ! catacombs7 & ! religion :i* !y repres5t$ 7 almo/ b5ea? contempt4 ,look1 = example1 at ,esmond1 ! typical novel ( its p]iod4 ,is !re a s+le cl]gyman 9 x :o is n an object ( contempt1 ) ! sole exception ( ! ,jesuit1 :o1 ?\gh a good deal ( ! /age v>iety1 at lea/ ga9s a measure ( ! read]'s sympa?y & respect8 ,?ack]ay 0 n himself a ,georgian1 x may be urg$4 ,t ( c\rse is true1 b no "o t kn[s ,?ack]ay & kn[s also ,georgian lit]ature w d5y t he 0 saturat$ ) x & und]/ood ! p]iod ) :i* 8 book dealt bett] p]haps ?an ^? :o liv$ 9 x !mselves4 ,b exam9e ! noveli/s ( ! p]iod2 :at ab\t ,field+8 ,p>son ,adams is respectable & lovable1 b ! g5]al av]age ( p>son & religion is c]ta9ly ab\t z l[ z x c be4 ,field+ 0 n a religi\s man4 ,possibly1 b :at !n ( ,ri*>dson8 ,we d n f9d religion at a v high level !re2 c any?+ well be m degrad$ ?an ! figure cut by ,mr4 ,williams 9 ,pamela1 = example--! mis]able curate ^u :om ! h]o9e calls = help 9 h] di/ress8 ,b ap>t f t1 look at ! :ole atmosph]e ( ! book4 ,:y1 ! moral is t if y resi/ ! immoral onslaughts ( y\r ma/] long en\gh he w give 9 & m>ry y1 & y w be applaud$ = y\r successful /rategy by all ! c\ntryside4 ,su* is ! book :i* all agre$ to praise z an example ( all t a book ought to be f ! po9t ( view ( virtue4 ,x w be admitt$ by all conv]sant ) ! facts t religion c\ld h>dly h be5 at a l[] ebb ?an x 0 :5 :at is kn[n z ! ,evangelical ,movem5t came to tr\ble ! placid1 if /agnant & turbid1 pool ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4 ,( c\rse x did n trans=m ! ,*ur* entirely4 ,read ,miss ,au/5's novels3 ! mo/ p]fect pictures ( life ev] writt54 ,!re are1 ,i suppose1 "s half-doz5 cl]gym51 pleasant & unpleasant1 depict$ 9 !m1 & we may be sure t !y fairly well repres5t ! typical av]age c\ntry p>son ( ! p]iod4 ,:atev] !y may o!rwise be1 !y all agree 9 "o po9t1 namely 9 ! complete abs5ce ( any su* ?+ z a trace ( spirituality4 ,b 9 ! e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury ,evangelicanism--specially t t]rible v>iety ,calv9ism--0 ! dom9ant factor :]e religion really prevail$ z a liv+ influ5ce2 & x is to its influ5ce1 ,i firmly believe1 t we may attribute ! g5u9e dete/ation ( religion :i* 0 s m>k$ a feature ( a "p ( ! ,victorian & mo/ ( ! succe$+ "t4 ,i am n1 ( c\rse1 =gett+ ! ,ox=d ,movem5t1 b1 important z t 0 & is1 9 its e>li] ye>s x 0 almo/ entirely conf9$ to cl]ical circles1 ex]cis+ comp>atively little influ5ce on ! laity & practically none at all on t great middle class :i* _h be5 s mu* affect$ by ! ,wesleys1 ,:itefield1 ,scott1 ,newton1 & ! o!r pundits ( ,evangelicanism4 ,take ! *>act]i/ic novel ( ! movem5t1 if novel x %\ld be call$1 ,newman's ,loss & ,ga93 ,i d n rememb] a s+le male "* 9 x :o is n 9 ,holy ,ord]s or on ! way !reto4 ,h5ce1 s f> z religi\s influ5ces are conc]n$1 x is to ! ,evangelical ,movem5t t we h to look4 ,n[1 ?\gh 9 my op9ion x 0 ! p>5t ( _m evils1 !re is no d\bt t !re 0 9 x real f]v\r2 int5se devotion2 a g5u9e desire to "k & d ,god's w2 a burn+ love = our ,"l2 c\pl$ ) all :i* 7 ! mo/ di/ort$ & di/ort+ ideas ( :at 0 & :at 0 n s9 ev] conceiv$ by any bra94 ,( ?is cre$ ,i c speak f p]sonal k1 = ,i 0 br\ght up 9 x & "k x f bitt] exp]i5ce4 ,! expon5ts ( ^! views 7 nev] tir$ ( in/ill+ into _! pupils ! ne$ = conv]sion1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be a sudd5 op]ation4 ,i h he>d p]sons "n ! exact mom5t by ! clock & ! day on :i* !irs took place1 & x 0 (t5 effect$ by a s+le text4 ,i h se5 ! ,bible ( an em95t lead] 9 ?is l9e :i* conta9s a numb] ( texts pa9t$ r\nd ) col\rs1 ea* ( :i* 0 associat$ ) ! conv]sion ( "s p>ticul> individual4 ,! process 0 suppos$ to be effect$ by ! acceptance ( ,*ri/1 & ?\gh x 0 said to be free to all1 x 0 cle> to "s at lea/ ( ^? :o q e>ne/ly & really desir$ x1 t1 h[ev] ard5t _! desires1 !y c\ld n secure _! realisation4 ,"o 0 suppos$ to "k 9 "s my/]i\s mann] t "o 0 conv]t$2 ! op]ation 0 p]man5t 9 its "*2 x c\ld n be repeat$2 once ?or\ghly effect$ ! conv]t$ p]son nei!r wi%$ to s9 nor really did s94 ,if anyone suppos$ to h be5 conv]t$ did relapse into evil ways1 !n he nev] _h really be5 conv]t$1 b only seem$ to h be54 ,i h he>d ?is circul> =m ( argum5t urg$ mo/ /rongly by ^? :o 7 7by con/itution app>5tly7 absolutely unable to see ! illogical position :i* !y 7 tak+ up4 ,a fur!r1 & ! mo/ awful1 "p ( ! tea*+ 0 t h[ev] mu* "o desir$ to be conv]t$1 & h[ev] e>ne/ly "o pray$ = x1 if "o di$ )\t x damnation 0 c]ta94 ,la/ly !re 0 ! enc\rag+ ?\ght t ev]y?+ done prior to conv]sion 0 equally )\t m]it2 9 fact1 "o might almo/ say1 equally evil4 ,^! ?+s 7 d9n$ into ! heads ( ! "y1 9 season & out ( season2 is x any wond] t s _m ( !m grew up to hate religion8 ,i rememb] myself ! positive t]ror ) :i* ,i w5t out ev5 to m9or ent]ta9m5ts1 because ,i knew t 9 all probability close int]rogation w\ld be made z to my spiritual condition4 ,let me be rem9isc5t & recall "o case4 ,i 0 a boy at s*ool & sp5d+ my ,ea/] vacation away f home & ) fri5ds4 ,x 0 my lot to h to d9e "o night ) an old fri5d ( my fa!r's1 a p]son ( "s di/9ction1 :o hav+1 ,i believe1 be5 a viveur 9 8 y\?1 _h 9 lat] ye>s embrac$ ! mo/ f]oci\s type ( ,evangelicanism4 ,:5 ! ladies _h retir$ ,i 0 left alone ) ?is =midable p]son1 :om ,i ey$ mu* z a rabbit eyes a snake into ^: cage he has be5 introduc$4 ,nor 7 my fe>s gr\ndless1 = no soon] 0 ! room empty ?an he p]emptorily dem&$ ( me :e!r ,i 0 sav$4 ,on he>+ my trembl+ b p]fectly tru?ful reply t ,i really did n "k1 he /ruck ! table ) 8 fi/ 7,i c see ! :ole ?+ q pla9ly to-day1 ?\gh x is five-&-=ty ye>s ago71 exclaim+1 ,!n y are a fool1 & if y 7 to die to-night y mo/ c]ta9ly w\ld be damn$4 ,i ask ^? :o 7 br\ght up 9 a m k9dly & m rational s*eme ( ,*ri/ianity :e!r x is any wond] t ^? ^: y\? 0 sp5t 9 ^! gloomy %ades %\ld welcome ! ?\ght t !re 0 no su* be+ z a ,god8 ,associat$ ) ?is gloomy cre$ a new s]ies ( s9s 0 inv5t$1 z if !re 7 n en\gh already 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 s9ful to dance1 ev5 "u ! mo/ dome/ic & prop] circum/ances4 ,x 0 a s9 to play c>ds1 ev5 :5 !re 0 no money on ! game4 ,x 0 a s9 to g to ! !atre1 ev5 to behold ! mo/ inspir+ & in/ructive plays4 ,x 0 ev5 held by "s1 z we %all see1 t ! writ+ ( /ories or works ( imag9ation 0 s9ful4 ,i once he>d a pr(essor ( ?is cre$ express ! d\bt :e!r ,%akespe>e _h n1 on ! :ole1 done mu* m h>m ?an good1 & /ate t he himself w\ld n all[ ! works ( ,dick5s to occupy a place 9 a hospital libr>y1 f :i*1 z a matt] ( fact--= on ?is po9t ! discussion _h aris5--!y _h be5 exclud$ by ! !n *apla9 ( ! in/itution1 a man ( l views4 ,9 fact1 ! idea ( ,god :i* 0 pres5t$ to ! y\? ( t p]iod & br\ght up "u su* influ5ces 0--,i d n say wilfully--t ( a k9d ( sup]-policeman3 a h>d-he>t$ policeman1 ) an exagg]at$ code ( misdo+s1 =ev] wait+ r\nd a corn] to p\nce on evil-do]s1 &1 "o 0 oblig$ to ?9k1 app>5tly almo/ pleas$ at ! opportunity ( cat*+ !m4 ,x ne$ n be said t no disrespect is int5d$ 9 ?is4 ,x is a simple & tru?ful /atem5t ( ! k9d ( impression made ^u "o p]son by ! tea*+s ( t age & s*ool4 ,is x any wond] t p]sons br\ght up 9 su* a cre$ %\ld exp]i5ce a feel+ ( relief on le>n+ t !re 0 no ,god1 no s91 no puni%m5t8 ,add to ?is ! t]rors ( ! exagg]at$ ,sabbat>ianism ( ! p]iod4 ,:at 0 ! ,sunday programme8 ,two l5g?y sessions ( ,family ,pray]s2 two att5dances--ea* la/+ at lea/ an h\r & a qu>t]--on s]vices 9 *ur*2 "o1 sometimes two1 h\rs ( ,sunday ,s*ool2 no books b ^? ( a religi\s "*2 no amusem5ts ( any k9d ev5 = ! v "y1 unless ! putt+ toge!r ( a dissect$ map ( ,pale/9e c\ld be call$ an amusem5t2 :at a me?od ( r5d]+ ,sunday attractive to ! "y6 ,is x any wond] t ^? br\ght up on su* a plan ab&on$1 ) a sigh ( relief1 all religi\s ex]cises :5 at la/ !y 7 able to d s8 ,i notice t ,mr4 ,bel=t ,bax1 9 8 ,rem9isc5ces ( a ,mid & ,late ,victorian1 alludes to ?is matt]1 say+ t1 ,! mo/ cruel ( all ! results ( mid-,victorian religion 01 p]haps1 ! rigid en=cem5t ( ! mo/ dra/ic ,sabbat>ianism4 ,! horror ( ! t$ium ( ,sunday infect$ m or less ! :ole ( ! latt] portion ( ! week4 ,exp]to cr$e6 ,he says fur!r1 deal+ ) ! 'fifties1 t ! intellectual possibilities ( ! ,engli% p 7 !n /unt$ & cramp$ by ! influ5ce ( ! dogmatic ,calv9i/ic !ology :i* 0 ! basis ( its traditional s5tim5t2--x is exactly ! po9t :i* ,i am try+ to make4 ,we may n[ exam9e two in/ances ( ! k9d ( tea*+ ) :i* ,i am deal+ & its results4 ,! fir/ is t ( ! poet ,c[p]1 & anyone :o takes ! tr\ble to read 8 life z writt5 by ,s\!y w f9d ! :ole pite\s tale fully drawn out4 ,s\!y hat$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ( :i*1 by ! way1 he knew absolutely no?+1 b he _h suffici5t s5se to reject ! tea*+s ( ,calv9ism4 ,c[p] 0 at times insane & at o!r times ( any?+ b a well-balanc$ m9d1 & he 0 j ! k9d ( man :o nev] ought to h be5 br\ght "u ! influ5ces to :i* he 0 subject$4 ,8 pr9cipal advis] 0 ! ,rev4 ,john ,newton1 a well-kn[n ,calv9i/ic cl]gyman ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,he mu/ h be5 a man ( compell+ "*1 = he x 0 :o br\ght ! ,rev4 ,?omas ,scott1 ,rector ( ,a/on ,s&=d1 out ( ,soc9ianism1 :i*1 ?\gh a m9i/] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 he pr(ess$1 into ! ,calv9i/ic view ( ?+s1 z ,scott himself tells u 9 8 book ,! ,=ce ( ,tru?2 & x mu/ n be =gott5 t x 0 to ! writ+s ( ?is same ,scott t ,newman tells u 79 8 ,apologia7 t he ow$ 8 v s\l4 ,newton1 l _m ( 8 fell[s1 _h no sort ( d\bt z to 8 "r to act z a director ( s\ls1 nor ( 8 pr(\nd k ( h[ !y %\ld be dealt )4 ,yet x is to be rememb]$ t1 :il/ ! ,ca?olic prie/ is oblig$ to und]go a long & c>eful tra9+ be=e he is p]mitt$ to take up ?is p]il\s task1 ,newton & ^? ( 8 k9d und]took x )\t any tra9+ :atev]4 ,c[p]1 z ev]ybody kn[s1 0 c>efully & k9dly t5d$ by ,mrs4 ,unw91 a woman a good deal old] ?an himself1 aga9/ ^: "* no ^w ( reproa* 0 ev] utt]$1 ! wid[ ( an old fri5d ( ! poet4 ,newton want$ to drive ,mrs4 ,unw9 out ( 8 h\se1 b "h at lea/ ,c[p] rebell$ & %[$ 8 v j annoyance1 ,newton actually urg$ ,c[p] to ab&on ! task ( translat+ ,hom]1 a lab\r und]tak5 to di/ract 8 poor sick m9d f ?9k+ ( itself1 because su* "w1 n be+ ( a religi\s "*1 p>took ( ! nature ( s94 ,x is no wond] t su* a rule ( life _h n infrequ5tly ! mo/ di/ress+ consequ5ces4 ,newton himself admits t 8 prea*+ _h ! reputation ( driv+ p into lunacy4 ,9 a lett] ask+ t /eps may be tak5 to remove "o poor victim to an asylum he says3 ,i hope ! poor girl is n )\t "s conc]n = h] s\l2 &1 inde$1 ,i believe a conc]n ( ?is k9d 0 ! beg9n+ ( h] disord]4 ,i believe1 he cont9ues1 my "n is up ab\t ! c\nty = prea*+ p mad 444 :atev] may be ! imm$iate cause1 ,i suppose we h ne> a doz51 9 diff]5t degrees1 disord]$ 9 _! heads1 & mo/ ( !m ,i believe truly graci\s p4 ,let u turn to ! o!r example :i* ,i propose to select1 t giv5 by ,mr4 ,gosse 9 8 truly rem>kable "w ,fa!r & ,son1 "o ( ! mo/ fai?ful pictures ( life ev] writt54 ,! fir/ in/ance %all be an extract f ! di>y ( ! "m1 obvi\sly a woman ( great p[] & gifts if %e _h be5 giv5 an opportunity ( display+ !m4 ,:5 ,i 0 a v little *ild1 %e writes1 ,i us$ to amuse myself & my bro!rs ) inv5t+ /ories su* z ,i _h read4 ,hav+1 z ,i suppose1 naturally a re/less m9d & busy imag9ation1 ?is soon became ! *ief pleasure ( my life4 ,un=tunately my bro!rs 7 always fond ( enc\rag+ ?is prop5sity1 & ,i f\nd 9 ,taylor1 my maid1 a /ill great] tempt]4 ,i _h n kn[n !re 0 any h>m 9 x1 until ,miss ,%ore 7a ,calv9i/ic gov]ness71 f9d+ x out1 lectur$ me sev]ely1 & told me x 0 wick$4 ,f t "t =? ,i consid]$ t to inv5t a /ory ( any k9d 0 a s94 ,b ! desire to d s 0 too deeply root$ 9 my affections to be resi/$ 9 my own /r5g?1 7%e 0 at ?is "t n9e ye>s ( age71 & un=tunately ,i knew nei!r my corruption nor my weakness1 nor did ,i "k :]e to ga9 /r5g?4 ,! long+ to inv5t /ories grew ) a viol5ce2 ev]y?+ ,i he>d or read became food = my di/emp]4 ,! simplicity ( tru? 0 n suffici5t = me2 ,i mu/ ne$s embroid] imag9ation ^u x1 & ! folly1 vanity & wick$ness :i* disgrac$ my he>t1 are m ?an ,i am able to express4 ,ev5 n[ 7at ! age ( tw5ty-n9e71 ?\gh wat*$1 pray$ & /riv5 aga9/1 ?is is /ill ! s9 :i* mo/ easily besets me4 ,x has h9d]$ my pray]s & prev5t$ my improvem5t1 & !re=e has humbl$ me v mu*4 ,x is n>rat$ ( ! well-kn[n ,fa!r ,healy t a "y lady hav+ consult$ him z to ! s9 ( vanity1 %e feel+ conv9c$1 :5 %e look$ 9 h] glass1 t %e 0 a v pretty girl1 0 answ]$ by him1 ,my *ild1 t is n a s92 x is a mi/ake6 ,x want$ "s wise advis] to make ! same rem>k to ?is poor tortur$ & delud$ woman4 ,illness "u ?is code 0 always a puni%m5t s5t f heav51 z1 inde$1 x may be2 b1 if anyone 0 ill x %[$ t '! ,"l's h& 0 ext5d$ 9 *a/isem5t1' & mu* pray] 0 p\r$ =? 9 ord] t x might be expla9$ to ! suff]]1 or to 8 relations1 9 :at he or !y _h s9n$4 ,p w\ld1 = in/ance1 g on liv+ ov] a cesspool1 work+ !mselves up into an agony to discov] h[ !y _h incurr$ ! displeasure ( ! ,"l1 b nev] mov+ away4 ,"o la/ in/ance1 ! mo/ rem>kable ( all1 & we may leave ?is book4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t a fa!r ( ! k9d depict$ 9 ?is book w\ld h a holy horror ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & he _h4 ,he welcom$ any social disord] 9 any "p ( ,italy1 z likely to be annoy+ to ! ,papacy4 ,he celebrat$ ! ann\ncem5t 9 ! newspap]s ( a consid]able emigration f ! ,papal dom9ions1 by rejoic+ at ?is outcr[d+ ( _m1 ?r\gh\t ! h>lot's doma91 f h] s9 & h] plagues1 & he ev5 c>ri$ 8 hatr$ s f> z to d5\nce ! keep+ ( ,*ri/mas1 :i* to him 0 no?+ less ?an an act ( idolatry4 ,on a c]ta9 ,*ri/mas ,day1 ! s]vants1 greatly d>+1 disobey$ ! ord] ( _! ma/] & actually _h ! audacity to make a small plum-pudd+ = !mselves4 ,actuat$ by pity1 no d\bt1 & by a feel+ ( k9dness t[>ds a small boy depriv$ ( all ! joys ( ! season1 !y press$ a slice ( ?is pudd+ ^u ! son1 :o succumb$--v naturally--to ! temptation4 ,%ortly aft]1 h[ev]1 be+ afflict$ by a /oma*-a*e1 remorse came ^u him & he ru%$ to 8 fa!r1 exclaim+3 ,oh6 papa1 papa1 ,i h eat5 ( fle% (f]$ to idols6 ,:5 ! fa!r le>n$ :at _h happ5$1 he /]nly said1 ,:]e is ! accurs$ ?+8 ,hav+ he>d t x 0 on ! kit*5 table1 he took me by ! h&1 & ran ) me into ! mid/ ( ! />tl$ s]vants1 seiz$ :at rema9$ ( ! pudd+1 & ) ! plate 9 "o h& & me /ill tight 9 ! o!r1 ran till we rea*$ ! du/-heap1 :]e he flung ! idolatr\s confection]y on to ! middle ( ! a%es1 & !n rak$ x deep d[n into ! mass4 ,! sudd5ness1 ! velocity ( ?is extraord9>y act1 made an impression on my memory :i* no?+ w ev] efface4 ,su* is a pla9 unv>ni%$ acc\nt ( ! k9d ( way 9 :i* numb]s ( p 7 br\ght up 9 ! 'fifties & 'sixties ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,c x be wond]$ t ^? :o _h su* a *ildhood %\ld gr[ up ) an absolute horror ( ! ,p]son 9 ,^: "n su* ?+s--absurdities :5 n positive crimes--7 p]petrat$8 ,i firmly believe t ^! :olly false ideas ( ,god & ( s9 h _h m to d ) ! spread ( mat]ialism ?an _m w p]haps be dispos$ to admit4 ,educat$ p1 especially ^? tra9$ 9 sci5tific me?ods1 dem& a c]ta9 common s5se & sobriety 9 _! beliefs4 ,if !y are br\ght up to believe t a griev\s s9 is committ$ :5 !y inv5t an innoc5t /ory2 :5 !y g to a !atre or to a dance1 or play a game ( c>ds2 if !y h nev] kn[n ! dem&s ( real ,*ri/ianity z put =w>d by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 is x likely t !y w cleave to a fai? :i* app>5tly eng5d]s su* absurdities z ! ,*ri/mas pudd+ episode8 ,x is1 inde$1 z ,fa!r ,wasmann says1 a ?\s& pities t ! reasonabl5ess1 ! logic1 ! dignity ( ! ,ca?olic religion %\ld rema9 = ev] hidd5 f ! eyes & m9ds ( _m :o s (t5 are z !y are1 because !y 7 br\ght up z !y 74 ,9 all ^! ?+s we f9d ! key to ano!r problem4 ,9 ano!r essay 9 ?is volume ,i h call$ att5tion to ! glad intellig5ce1 z x seems to a c]ta9 s*ool ( writ]s1 t we are fre$ f ! bugbe> ( s91 z "o ( !m puts x2 able to enjoy ourselves )\t any ?\ghts ( t k9d4 ,n[ ,i _c b believe t su* writ]s are ?9k+ ( ! bugbe> ( artificial s9s inv5t$ by ! pr(essors ( a gloomy cre$ ( religion4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t any s]i\s writ]--& ^? to :om ,i allude are em95tly su*--w\ld speak or write ) pleasure & satisfaction ( escap+ f ! bugbe> ( s9s aga9/ morality or aga9/ "o's neighb\r2 f ! bugbe> ( di%one/y or !ft2 ( tak+ away a p]son's "*2 ( runn+ away ) 8 wife4 ,i am conv9c$ t x is ! inv5t$ crimes ( c>d-play+1 !atre-go+1 & ! l to :i* !y are allud+3 x c\ld n surely be o!rwise2 & t makes x all ! m un=tunate t be=e misus+ a te*nical t]m l ! ^w s91 & ?us p]haps mislead+ "s "y & ard5t m9d1 su* writ]s c\ld n foll[ ,fa!r ,wasmann's advice & /udy "s simple manual ( ,ca?olic e?ics1 f :i* !y w\ld le>n ! real doctr9e ( ,*ri/ianity & w\ld discov] h[ v diff]5t a ?+ x is & h[ v mu* m reasonable ?an ! di/ort$ c>icature :i* we h be5 /udy+4 #b4 ,,!ophobia3 ,,its ,,nemesis ,:e!r my view z to ! cause1 or "o ( ! causes1 is "r or n1 ! fact rema9s t by ! mid-,victorian p]iod ,engl& _h fall5 to a v l>ge ext5t a prey to mat]ialism4 ,_m p attribute ! sudd5 onslaught ( ?is to ! publication ( ,! ,orig9 ( ,species & ! controv]sies ( ! fooli% :i* foll[$ !reon4 ,samuel ,butl]1 t brilliant writ] :o has n ev5 yet come into 8 own1 sums up 9 8 novel ,! ,way ( ,all ,fle% 7& x may incid5tally be rem>k$1 9 himself7 mo/ ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! day4 ,_m a p>sonage home l t ( ! ,rev4 ,!obald ,pontifex exi/$ 9 ^? days1 & m ?an "o ,erne/ ,pontifex em]g$ f !m4 ,n[ 9 ?is book ,butl] /ates t ! ye> #aheh 0 ! la/ ( a t]m dur+ :i* ! peace ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 0 s+ul>ly unbrok51 & !re no d\bt he is "r2 ,! ,evangelical ,movem5t 444 _h become almo/ a matt] ( anci5t hi/ory4 ,tract>ianism _h subsid$ into a t5?-day's wond]2 x 0 at "w1 b x 0 n noisy4 ,!n he says ! calm 0 brok5 by ! publication ( ?ree books3 ,essays & ,reviews1 ,! ,orig9 ( ,species1 ,criticisms on ! ,p5tateu* by ,col5so4 ,few p]sons probably n[ rememb] ! fir/ & ! la/ ( ^! books2 ! fame ( ! second is likely to la/ long4 ,:e!r aga9 ,butl] is "r 9 8 idea z to ! causes or n1 z to ! fact !re c be no d\bt4 ,we h arriv$ at a p]iod :5 ! preval5t op9ion among/ ! intellectual classes 0 t religion--belief 9 any?+ :i* c\ld n be fully und]/ood--0 impossible once "o began to ?9k s]i\sly ab\t x4 ,^? :o did n really look into su* que/ions might g on consid]+ !mselves to believe 9 revelation1 b ! mom5t t a man s]i\sly tackl$ ! subject1 8 religion 0 b\nd to g1 j z t ( ,erne/ ,pontifex did at ! end ( five m9utes' conv]sation ) an a!i/ic %oemak]4#ba ,agno/icism & mat]ialism 7 9 ! air1 & rema9$ ! dom9ant features = q a numb] ( ye>s4 ,!re 7 ^? :o deplor$ ! loss ( _! fai? su* z x _h be54 ,huxley obvi\sly did2 & ,romanes1 :o aft]w>ds return$ to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 confess$ly did4 ,su* p]sons1 & !re 7 _m ( !m1 hone/ly 7 unable to believe1 & said s4 ,a great deal ( ?is 0 due to ! attitude ( popul> sci5ce at t "t4 ,x 0 9 a hot fit1 & 0 go+ to expla9 ev]y?+1 if n to-day1 at lea/ to-morr[4 ,n[1 z ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge told u be=e ! w>1 9 8 book ,cont9uity1 we are 9 a cold fit & we seem only to "k t no?+ c be kn[n4 ,sir ,ar?ur ,conan ,doyle1 be/ kn[n z ! creator ( ,%]lock ,holmes1 tells u 9 a rec5t book f :i* ,i %all h fur!r to quote 7,! ,new ,revelation1 ,hodd] & ,/\ghton1 #aiah73 ,:5 ,i _h f9i%$ my m$ical education 9 #ahhb1 ,i f\nd myself1 l _m "y m$ical m51 a conv9c$ mat]iali/ z reg>ds our p]sonal de/9y4 ,) ! facts conta9$ 9 ?is /atem5t ,i fully agree4 ,! date 9 "q is almo/ exactly t at :i* ,i also became a qualifi$ m$ical man1 & ,i1 & ,i fancy mo/ ( my g5]ation1 believ$ ourselves to be agno/ics if n a!i/s4 ,x 0 ! atmosph]e ( ! "t1 & s /rong z ) difficulty to be resi/$ by ^? :o resort$ to ! ,univ]sities4 ,! po9t :i* ,i want to make is t dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! ,victorian p]iod we _h come to a g5]ation ( intellectuals practically devoid ( religion & foll[$ 9 t respect by t always l>g] portion ( any g5]ation :i*1 n hav+ bra9s to ?9k = itself1 yet desir+ to foll[ ! intellectual motif ( ! day1 adopts :atev] is ! fa%ionable attitude = ! mom5t t[>ds unse5 ?+s4 ,ye/]day x 0 blank negation2 to-day x t5ds1 z we %all see1 to be spiritualism2 to-morr[ x might be e>ne/ fai?3 let u hope s4 ,& z to ,calv9ism1 all ?is 0 po/ hoc ( c\rse2 propt] hoc also z ,i ?9k4 ,:at foll[$8 ,t is :at we n[ h to consid]4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* happ5$ 0 ! v natural discov]y t sci5ce _c expla9 ev]y?+2 has 9 fact a /rictly limit$ range ( c\ntry to deal )4 ,?is discov]y began to sap ! f\ndations ( mat]ialism4 ,!n !re came ! fur!r discov]y t all 0 n well1 z s _m suppos$ t x w\ld be1 "u a s*eme ( life divorc$ f all connection ) religion4 ,mr4 ,lucas1 :o has giv5 ! _w _m pleasant books1 none ( !m ) any obvi\s bias 9 fav\r ( religion1 9 ,ov] ,bem]tons 7"o ( ! mo/ pleasant7 makes "o ( 8 *>act]s1 ,mr4 ,dabney1 deplore ! loss ( ! s]i\sness ( ! ,victorian era3 ,we believe only 9 pleasure & success2 our "o ideal is gett+ weal?4 ,p>5!tically1 is n t j :at might be expect$8 ,if !re is really no?+ b ?is _w1 :at bett] c we seek ?an z mu* pleasure z we c get out ( x8 ,ov] ,bem]tons 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #aijh1 & ! rem$y :i* ,mr4 ,dabney !n sugge/$1 ) a really curi\s prophetical insight1 has j be5 vigor\sly appli$4 ,t rem$y 0 ,w>1 no?+ m or less4 ,a bloody w>--n a punitive exp$ition or 'a sort ( a w>' 7he quot$ ^! words ) :ite fury7 't might get u "r aga94' ',at great co/1' ,i said4 ',a surgical op]ation1' he repli$1 'if ! only means ( sav+ life1 _c be call$ exp5sive4' ,f9ally ! discov]y 0 made t mank9d w n = long be cont5t to d altoge!r )\t religion2 a ne$ = some?+ m ?an bread alone be+ +ra9$ 9 8 nature4 ,?us ev5 ! pr(ess$ly mat]iali/ic societies try to af=d some?+ 9 ! way ( religi\s ex]cises4 ,i h rec5tly se5 a notice ( "o ( ! s-call$ ,e?ical ,societies 9 :i* ! memb]s 7at _! meet+s1 ,i take x7 are reque/$ to sil5tly m$itate = five m9utes on ! good life4#bb ,x w\ld seem to be q z b5eficial & m practical to m$itate on split inf9itives4 ,a sub/itute = religion has to be f\nd2 :at is x to be8 ,9 ! ye>s be=e ! w> ,mr4 ,masefield publi%$ a v int]e/+ book call$ ,multitude & ,solitude1 :i* n>rates ! trials & tr\bles ( two "y ,engli%m5 :o make a p]il\s j\rney to ,africa 9 se>* ( ! secret ( ! sleep+-sickness4 ,9 all _! trials !y nev] seem to h ?\ght ( pray]1 9 :i* x may be assum$ !y did n believe1 b :5 !y return$ to ,engl& x occurr$ to "o ( !m t !re 0 some?+ want+ 9 _! life1 & he prop\nd$ to 8 fri5d ! view t ! _w is j com+ to see t sci5ce is n a sub/itute = religion1 :i* is "o ( ! ?+s urg$ 9 ?is pap]4 ,he !n proce$$ to ! r />tl+ conclusion t sci5ce is religion ( a v deep & au/]e k9d4 ,"o is rem9d$ ( a well-kn[n passage 9 ! ,bible3 ,inv5i et aram 9 qua scriptum erat ,,ignoto ,,deo4 ,to set up sci5ce z an unkn[n ,god seems a curi\s *oice1 ev5 m curi\s ?an ! *oice ( humanity1 :i*--pitiable object z x is--0 at lea/ made 9 ! image ( ,god4 ,n to pile up in/ance ^u in/ance1 let u cont5t ourselves ) rememb]+ t ,mr4 ,wells1 :o 9 8 e>li] novels _h c]ta9ly n display$ any m>k$ affection = religion1 9 ! la/ publi%$ be=e ! w> 7,m>riage7 br+s 8 h]o face to face ) ! great realities1 & makes him exclaim to 8 wife t he may die a ,*ri/ian yet1 & urge ^u h] ! ne$ = pray]1 if only out into ! d>kness4 ,( c\rse1 z all ! read+ _w kn[s1 s9ce ! w> comm5c$1 ,mr4 ,wells has set up 8 own alt> ,,ignoto ,,deo1 n ) mu* m satisfactory results ?an ^? atta9$ by ,mr4 ,masefield4 ,x is an hi/orical fact t times ( w> h also be5 times ( religi\s awak5+1 & x is natural t !y %\ld be s1 = ev5 ! mo/ c>eless mu/ be br\ght to contemplate some?+ m ?an ! day's enjoym5t4 ,x is n !n wond]ful t ! t]rible w> :i* has rag$ ) ,europe z ! cockpit1 & practically all ! nations ( ! _w z p>ticipants1 %\ld turn ! m9ds ( ^? :o are 9 ! right+ l9e t[>ds ?\ghts :i* 9 times ( peace may nev] h f\nd entrance !re4 ,f all sides "o he>s t ?is is s1 yet "h aga9 x is too (t5 ! case t an unkn[n ,god is s\ght1 & f want ( prop] direction n always f\nd4 ,9 a rec5tly publi%$ memoir ( "o ( ! _m spl5did "y fell[s by ^: dea? ! _w has be5 made poor] dur+ ?is calamit\s w>1 !re is ?is mov+ passage3 ,i "k t _m he>ts are turn+ t[>ds some?+1 b _c f9d satisfaction 9 :at ! ,*ri/ian sects (f]4 ,& _m1 fail+ to f9d :at !y ne$1 fall back sadly into vague unc]ta9ties & disbelief1 z ,i (t5 d myself4 ,we badly ne$ a ,/4 ,paul :o w say to ^! & o!r anxi\s he>ts1 ,quod ergo ignorantes colitis1 hoc ego annuntio vobis4 ,h[ev]1 x is mu* m ) ^? :o only /& & wait ?an ) ^? :o 7 actually 9 ! tr5*es t we are conc]n$2 :at ab\t ! lam5table army ( wives & mo!rs1 wid[s & orphans1 p b]eft ( ^? !y lov$ or ris+ e morn+ 9 dread ( ! news :i* ! day might br+ =?2 :at ab\t ^! & _! attitude t[>ds ! ?+s unse58 ,t _m su* h turn$ to "s g5u9e =m ( religion is happily beyond dispute1 b x is also unque/ionably true t ?\s&s h turn$ aside to ! attractions ( spiritualism4 ,a rec5t article 9 ! ,lit]>y ,supplem5t ( ! ,times comm5c$ ) ! /atem5t t ,among ! /range1 dismay+ ?+s ca/ up by ! tide ( w> are ^? traces ( primitive fatalism1 primitive magic1 & equivocal div9ation :i* are )9 g5]al k4 ,! writ] ( ! article 9 "q ?9ks t z we h tak5 a huge & lam5table /ep backw>ds 9 civilisation1 we ne$ n be surpris$ t we %\ld also h rec$$ 9 ! direction ( ^? primitive in/9cts to :i* he calls att5tion4 ,?is process _h1 h[ev]1 begun long be=e ! w>4 ,! late ,dr4 ,ryd]1 ,provo/ ( ! ,birm+ham ,oratory1 0 a v %rewd obs]v] ( public affairs & a v close & de> fri5d ( ! pres5t writ]4 ,x mu/ be m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago s9ce he rem>k$ to me t he ?\ght t mat]ialism _h %ot its bolt & t ! com+ dang] to religion 0 spiritualism1 a subject on :i*1 if ,i rememb] "r1 he _h writt5 m ?an "o pap]4 ,i ask$ him :at l$ him to t conclusion1 & 8 reply 0 to ask me :e!r ,i _h n notic$ ! great increase 9 numb] ( ! items 9 second-h& book catalogues--a =m ( lit]ature to :i* we 7 bo? mu* addict$--"u ! head+ ,,occult4 ,s9ce ! w>1 h[ev]1 !re c be no d\bt ab\t ! fact t spiritualism has made great /rides4 ,a ?\s& pieces ( evid5ce prove x4 ,look1 = example1 at ! enorm\s vogue ( ,raymond1 a book ( :i* ,i say no?+1 out ( p]sonal reg>d = its au?or & g5u9e respect = 8 hone/y & fe>lessness4 ,b ,i return to ,sir ,ar?ur ,doyle's book1 & we f9d him assur+ u t he is p]sonally 9 t\* ) ?irte5 mo!rs :o are 9 correspond5ce ) _! dead sons1 & adds t 9 only "o ( ^! cases 0 ! individual conc]n$ ) psy*ic matt]s be=e ! w>4 ,fur!r1 he expla9s t x 0 ! w> :i* induc$ him to take an active int]e/ 9 a subject :i* _h be5 be=e no m ?an "o ( pass+ curiosity4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( an agonis$ _w1 he writes1 he>+ e day ( ! dea?s ( ! fl[] ( our race 9 ! fir/ promise ( _! unfulfill$ y\?1 see+ ar\nd "o ! wives & mo!rs :o _h no cle> conception :i!r _! lov$ "o _h gone to1 ,i seem$ sudd5ly to see t ?is subject ) :i* ,i _h s long dalli$ 0 n m]ely a /udy ( a =ce outside ! rules ( sci5ce1 b t x really 0 some?+ trem5d\s1 a break+ d[n ( ! walls betwe5 ! two worlds1 a direct und5iable message f beyond1 a call ( hope & ( guidance to ! human race at ! "t ( its deepe/ affliction4 ,p]haps x is n wond]ful t spiritualism %\ld h won ! success :i* x has1 = x (f]s a good deal to ^? :o c believe 9 x4 ,x (f]s def9ite int]c\rse ) ! dep>t$2 positive k z to ! exi/5ce ( a future /ate1 & ev5 z to its nature--! la/-nam$ intellig5ce n always v attractive4 ,fur!r1 x requires no p>ticul> cre$ &1 x w\ld appe>1 no special code ( morals2 = "o ( its tea*+s1 ,i ga!r1 is t x does n greatly matt] :at a man ?9ks or ev5 does1 s f> z 8 future welf>e is conc]n$4 ,sir ,a4 ,doyle's book is ! lea/ conv9c+ exposition ( spiritualism ,i h yet read--& ,i h /udi$ _m ( !m--b x may be tak5 to include ! late/ views on ! subject4 ,among/ ! revelations :i* he gives1 !re is "o purport+ to come f a _s :o _h be5 a ,ca?olic & 0 /ill a ,ca?olic1 b _h n f>$ bett] ?an ! ,prote/ants2 !re 7 ,buddhi/s & ,mahomm$ans 9 h] sph]e1 b all f>$ alike4 ,ano!r _s in=m$ ,sir ,a4 ,doyle t he _h be5 a free?9k]1 b _h n suff]$ 9 ! next life = t reason4 ,?is is n ! occasion1 & 9 no way am ,i ! man1 to tackle ! subject ( spiritualism1 b ?is at lea/ ,i ?9k may be said1 t ! p]son :o argues t ! :ole ?+ is a fraud & deception does n "k :at he is talk+ ab\t4 ,look at ! hi/ory ( ! _w--,quod semp]1 quod ubique1 almo/ quod ab omnibus4 ,! records ( e>ly mission>ies--,jesuits especially--teem ) acc\nts ( ! same k9d ( ph5om5a z we read ( 9 connection ) sances to-day1 occurr+ 9 all sorts ( places & among/ widely sep>at$ races ( mank9d4 ,we h x 9 ! ,odyssey2 we h x 9 ,cic]o & 9 ,pl9y2 we h x 9 ! ,bible4 ,all ?is is n a m]e matt] ( imposition4 ,9 a v curi\s book rec5tly publi%$ 7,"s ,revelations z to ,raymond1 by a ,pla9 ,citiz52 ,london1 ,kegan ,paul71 to :i* "s att5tion may n[ be devot$1 ! writ]1 himself a firm believ] 9 spiritualism & "o obvi\sly 9 a position to write ab\t x1 po9ts out t ! old t]m magic has be5 relegat$ to ! p]=mances ( conjur]s1 & ! t]m9ology s alt]$ z to make spiritualism appe> to be a new gospel1 :]eas ! contr>y is ! case4 ,! impression prevail$ t civilis$ p 7 9 pres5ce ( a new ord] ( ph5om5a1 & 7 acquir+ a new outlook into ! regions ( ! ,unkn[n2 :]eas ! tru? 0 t !y 7 m]ely repeat+1 "u new social conditions & 9 a new environm5t1 ! same exp]i5ces t _h happ5$ to _! ance/ors dur+ "s ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,"h ,i may int]ject ! rem>k t z f> z my read+ & k g1 no _s has ev] _h a good ^w to say = ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,:at t ,*ur* ?9ks ab\t spiritualism has be5 made q cle>1 & t is en\gh = ,ca?olics4 ,be=e leav+ ! ,pla9 ,citiz51 we mu/ n omit to notice "o /range hypo!sis ( 81 all ! /rang] z com+ f a pr(ess$ spirituali/4 ,he ma9ta9s--p]haps x w\ld be fair] to say t he lays d[n z a work+ hypo!sis--! foll[+ !sis3 ,spiritualism involves ! exi/5ce ( m$iums1 & m$iums = ! mo/ "p h to make _! liv+ by _! op]ations4 ,!y w n be av]se to mak+ _! incomes z l>ge z possible4 ,= ! purpose ( acquir+ in=mation z to ! affairs ( possible cli5ts1 !y h1 s he ass]ts1 an almo/ ,freemasonic ,association by :i* all sorts ( pieces ( intellig5ce conc]n+ p]sons ( importance are collect$ & dissem9at$ among/ ! bro!rhood4 ,x did n require mu* imag9ation to suppose t ! w> w\ld add to ! numb] ( _! cli5ts1 :e!r _! claims _h real f\ndation or n2 :at !y want$ above all ?+s 0 "s "o ( und\bt$ position :o w\ld boom ! movem5t1 9 ! slang ( ! day4 ,!y laid all _! plans to get _! man 9 ! au?or ( ,raymond1 & !y got him4 ,su* is 8 !sis = :at x is wor?4 ,h[ev]1 x is "t to conclude4 ,:at ,i want$ to %[ 0 t ,!ophobia 0 ! ,nemesis ( a dreadful type ( ,prote/antism1 & t spiritualism 0 ! ,nemesis ( ! mat]ialism associat$ ) t ,!ophobia4 ,!re is no ne$ to po9t out to ,ca?olic read]s :]e ! rem$y lies1 & :]e ! real ,communion ( ! sa9ts is to be f\nd4 ,!y are n likely to be drawn aside by ! ,lo "h6 ( ! false ,*ri/s :om we 7 promis$ & :om we are gett+4 ,x is = ^? :o h !mselves exp]i5c$ ! consolations ( ! ,ca?olic religion to d _! be/1 ea* 9 8 own way1 to make kn[n to o!rs outside our body :at ?+s may be f\nd )94 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ba3 ,an excell5t example may be f\nd 9 ,butl]'s own c>e]4 ,de/9$ = ! m9i/ry ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 7) 8 own full cons5t71 he 0 set to tea* a class 9 a ,sunday s*ool4 ,f9d+ t "s ( 8 pupils 7 unbaptiz$1 yet no worse-behav$ ?an ! o!rs1 & obvi\sly q ignorant ( :at baptism meant1 he ab&on$ all belief4 ,8 biograph]1 equally ignorant1 9 n>rat+1 ) approval1 ?is *ange ( op9ion1 says1 ,paley _h produc$ evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 b none s unmi/akable z ?is to ! contr>y4 ,footnote #bb3 ,dr4 ,johnson once rem>k$ t to f9d a sub/itution = violat$ morality 0 ! lead+ feature 9 all p]v]sions ( religion4 ,,iii4 ,,)9 ,,& ,,)\t ,,! ,,sy/em ,exclusive & long-cont9u$ devotion to any special l9e ( /udy is liable to lead to =getfulness ( o!r1 ev5 k9dr$1 l9es--almo/1 9 extreme cases1 to a k9d ( atrophy ( o!r p>ts ( ! m9d4 ,!re is ! example ( ,d>w9 & 8 self-confess$ loss ( ! /hetic ta/es he once possess$4 ,nor are sci5tific /udies ! only ones to produce su* an effect4 ,! amus+ satire 9 ,! ,new ,republic has1 p]haps1 lo/ "s ( its tang n[ t ! prototype ( its ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory is almo/ =gott51 b x has n lo/ its po9t4 ,lady ,ambrose tells ! tale3 ,he said to me 9 a v solemn voice1 ',:at a t]rible defeat t 0 :i* we _h at ,b\v9es6' ,i answ]$ timidly--n ?9k+ we 7 at w> ) anyone--t ,i _h se5 no?+ ab\t x 9 ! pap]s4 ',h'm6' he said1 giv+ a sort ( grunt t made me feel dreadfully ignorant1 ':y1 ,i _h an excursus on x myself 9 ! ,ar*ological ,gazette only la/ week4' ,&1 d y "k1 x turn$ out t ! ,battle ( ,b\v9es 0 f\ght 9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury1 & _h1 z f> z ,i c\ld make out1 some?+ to d ) ,magna ,*>ta4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 among writ]s on biological subjects t we f9d ! mo/ sali5t in/ances ( ?is contraction4 ,) extraord9>y self-abnegation !y seem1 9 ! contemplation ( ! problem ) :i* !y are conc]n$1 to =get t !y !mselves are liv+ ?+s1 &1 m ?an t1 ! liv+ ?+s ( :om !y ought to "k & c\ld "k mo/1 h[ev] little t mo/ may be4 ,:5 ! biologi/ beg9s to philosophise z1 aft] ! mann] ( 8 k9d1 he (t5 does1 he %\ld leave 8 microscope & look ar\nd him2 :]eas he (t5 =gets ev5 to *ange ! high = ! l[ p[]4 ,?us he limits 8 field ( vision & =gets1 :5 attempt+ 8 explanation1 t x is only )9 a sy/em t he is work+4 ,pr(essor ,w>d1 9 ,naturalism & ,agno/icism1 says3 ,f ! /rict premisses ( ,positivism we c nev] prove ! exi/5ce ( o!r m9ds or f9d a place = su* conceptions z cause & sub/ance2 = into ^! premisses ! exi/5ce ( our own m9d & its self-activity h n ent]$4 ,& accord+ly we h se5 ,naturalism l$ on 9 p]fect consi/5cy to resolve man into an automaton t goes ( itself z "p ( a /ill va/] automaton1 ,nature z me*anically conceiv$1 :i* goes ( itself4 ,true1 ?is me*anism goes ( itself because x is go+1 & be+ altoge!r in]t1 _c /op or *ange4 ,h[ x ev] />t$ is inde$ a "q :i* sci5ce _c answ]1 b :i*1 on ! o!r h&1 x has no occasion to ask3 "t1 its "o indep5d5t v>iable1 ext5ds indef9itely )\t h9t ( ei!r beg9n+ or end4 ,su* a sy/em ( k1 once we are inside x1 s to say1 is entirely self-conta9$ & complete4 ,once we are inside x6 :at s _m writ]s =get or ignore is t !y are inside x1 & t _! explanations d n expla9 ! sy/em or h[ x came to be !re or to be 9 op]ation4 ,ev]ybody is famili> ) ,paley's example ( ! wat* f\nd on ! hea?4 ,let u c>ry x a little fur!r4 ,suppose "s /ud5t1 aft] devot+ ye>s ( pati5t exam9ation to ! wat*1 7 to come =w>d & say3 ,i h discov]$ ! secret ( ?is wat*4 ,!re is a spr+ 9 x :i* possesses resili5cy1 & x is t :i* drives ! :eels4 ,i ?9k ,i h he>d p say t !re mu/ h be5 a wat*mak] to design & con/ruct ?is piece ( ma*9]y1 b1 9 face ( my discov]ies1 any su* explanation is :olly unnecess>y & may be altoge!r ab&on$4 ,p]haps ?is analogy may be reg>d$ z exagg]at$2 b1 be=e ?us condemn+ x1 let ! foll[+ passage be /udi$4 ,x is f a v important book rec5tly publi%$1 :i* claims 7& has _h its claim support$ by _m p]iodicals7 to h done away ) any ne$ = an explanation ( life beyond t :i* c be giv5 by *emi/ry & physics1 ,jacques ,loeb's ,organism z a ,:ole1 f a ,physico-,*emical ,viewpo9t4 ,x w\ld be h>d to f9d a worse example ( confus$ ?9k+ ?an t ( ! foll[+ passage3 ,! idea t ! organism z a :ole _c be expla9$ f a physico-*emical viewpo9t re/s mo/ /rongly on ! exi/5ce ( animal in/9cts & w4 ,_m ( ! in/9ctive actions are 'purposeful1' i4e4 assi/+ to pres]ve ! individual & ! race4 ,?is aga9 sugge/s 'design' & a design+ '=ce1' :i* we d n f9d 9 ! realm ( physics4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 a "t :5 ! same 'purposefulness' 0 believ$ to exi/ 9 ! cosmos :]e ev]y?+ seem$ to turn lit]ally & metaphorically ar\nd ! e>?1 ! abode ( man4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! an?ropo- or geo-c5tric view came to an end :5 x 0 %[n t ! motions ( ! planets 7 regulat$ by ,newton's law1 & t !re 0 no room left = ! activities ( a guid+ p[]4 ,likewise1 9 ! realm ( in/9cts1 :5 x c be %[n t ^! in/9cts may be r$uc$ to elem5t>y physico-*emical laws1 ! assumption ( design becomes sup]flu\s4 7,italics m9e47 ,9 ! fir/ place ! purposefulness ( ! movem5ts ( ! planets is n affect$ 9 ! v lea/ by ! "q ( helioc5tricism4 ,:at ! au?or is probably ?9k+ ( is an exagg]at$ & obsolete teleology1 b t is n :at seems to be ! purport ( ! passage4 ,let t pass4 ,! ma9 confusion lies 9 ! application ( ! t]m ,law4 ,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 & our famili> fri5d ,d4,o4,r4,a41 are laws we mu/ obey or take ! consequ5ces ( our disob$i5ce4 ,! laws :i* ! writ] is deal+ ) are n any?+ ( ?is k9d4 ,newton's ,law is n a ?+ made by ,newton1 b an ord]ly sy/em ( ev5ts :i* 0 9 exi/5ce long be=e ,newton's "t1 b 0 fir/ demon/rat$ by him4 ,x tells u h[ a c]ta9 "p ( ! sy/em works--:5 we are inside x4 ,x does n 9 ! lea/ expla9 ! sy/em any m ?an ! discov]y ( ! resili5cy ( ! spr+ ( ! wat* expla9s ! wat* itself4 ,s f> f disp5s+ ) ! activities ( a guid+ p[]1 ,newton's law is positively clamant = a f9al explanation1 s9ce x does n tell u1 nor does x pret5d to tell u1 h[ ! law came into exi/5ce1 /ill less h[ ! planets came to be !re1 or h[ !y happ5 to be 9 a /ate ( motion at all4 ,writ]s ( ?is k9d nev] seem to h grasp$ ! significance ( su* simple matt]s z ! diff]5t k9ds ( causes1 or to be aw>e t a =mal cause is n an effici5t cause1 & t nei!r ( !m is a f9al cause4 ,com+ to ! latt] "p ( ! p>agraph1 x is 9 no way prov$ t in/9cts c be r$uc$ to physico-*emical laws1 &1 suppose x 7 prov$1 ! assumption ( design w\ld be exactly :]e x is at ?is mom5t4 ,x is ! old /ory ( ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as & ,avic5na & _! discussion on abiog5esis1 & surely biologi/s might be expect$ to h he>d ( t4 ,! same confusion ( ?\ght is to be met ) else:]e 9 ?is book1 & 9 o!r simil> books1 & a few in/ances may n[ be exam9$4 ,samuel ,butl]1 9 ,life & ,habit1 w>ns 8 read]s aga9/ ! dicta ( sci5tific m51 & m p>ticul>ly aga9/ 8 own dicta1 ?\gh he made no claim to be a sci5ti/4 ,if 8 read] mu/ believe 9 some?+1 let him believe 9 ! music ( ,h&el1 ! pa9t+ ( ,giovanni ,bell9i1 & 9 ! ?irte5? *apt] ( ,/4 ,paul's fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,& he exclaims3 ,let u h no m ',lo1 "h6' ) ! pr(essor2 he v r>ely kn[s :at he says he kn[s2 no soon] has he misl$ ! _w = a suffici5t "t ) a great fl\ri% ( trumpets ?an he is toppl$ ov] by "o m plausible ?an himself4 ,t is a some:at unk9d way ( putt+ x2 b und\bt$ly !ory aft] !ory is put =w>d1 & (t5 claim$ to be f9al1 only to disappe> :5 ano!r explanation takes its place4 ,?us at ! mom5t we are 9 ! full flood ( ! *emical !ory :i* is employ$ to expla9 inh]itance4 ,t h]$ity exi/s we all "k1 b s f> we "k no?+ ab\t its me*anism4 ,d>w91 ) ,pang5esis1 & o!rs1 us+ o!r titles1 argu$ 9 fav\r ( a p>ticulate explanation1 b ! numb] ( p>ticles :i* w\ld be necess>y to acc\nt = ! ph5om5a involv$1 ?is & o!r difficulties1 h practically put ?is explanation out ( c\rt4 ,!n we _h ! ,mnemic !ory ( ,h]+1 ,butl]1 & o!rs1 by :i* ! unconsci\s memory ( ! embryo--ev5 ! g]m--is ! explanation4 ,q lately ! mnemic !ory has be5 claim$ by ,rignano 9 8 ,sci5tific ,syn!sis z a complete explanation1 9 =getfulness ( ! fact t ev5 ! all-p[]ful protozoon c only rememb] :at has pass$ & c\ld c]ta9ly n rememb] t x 0 "s day go+ to bre$ a man4 ,at ! mom5t1 ?+s are expla9$ on a *emical basis1 ?\gh t basis is f> f firm2 is ( a %ift+ nature1 & a little hazy 9 details4 ,"s "t ago1 colloids 7 ! cry4 ,a ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,association almo/ l$ "o to imag9e t ! homunculus 9 ! retort might be expect$ 9 a few weeks4 ,b ! *emi/s w\ld h none ( ?is1 & d5i$ t ! colloids1 ab\t :i* !y ought to "k m ?an d ! biologi/s1 _h t promise 9 !m :i* _h be5 claim$4 ,we _h ,l$uc & 8 fairy fl[]s1 z n[ we h ,loeb & o!rs ) _! metabolites & hormones4 ,z to ^! la/1 !re seems to be no k9d ( d\bt t ! int]nal secretions ( _m organs & /ructures h effects :i* 71 ev5 a few ye>s ago1 q unsuspect$4 ,^? ( ! ?yroid & adr5als are excell5t examples4 ,x seems to be ! fate1 h[ev]1 ( all support]s ( new !ories to run into extravagances4 ,d>w9 _h to rem9d 8 en?usia/ic disciples t ,natural ,selection c\ld n create v>iations1 & we may feel "s confid5ce t ,h]+1 7 he alive1 w\ld urge 8 foll[]s to be> 9 m9d t memory _c create a /ate ( affairs :i* nev] exi/$4 ,s f> we may c]ta9ly say t ^! int]nal secretions d produce c]ta9 physical effects1 "s ( !m effects n to be suspect$ by ! un9=m$ read]4 ,!re seems to be v good evid5ce t ! gr[? ( antl]s 9 de] dep5ds ^u an int]nal secretion f ! sex-gl& & f ! int]/itial tissue ( t gl&2 = x is app>5tly ^u ! secretions ( ?is portion ( ! gl& t ! second>y sexual *>act]s dep5d1 & n m]ely ^!1 b also ! normal sexual in/9cts4 ,& ?is takes u a /age fur!r4 ,! extreme claim is t all in/9cts1 9 fact all ?\ghts & op]ations1 are 9 ! la/ analysis *emical or *emico-physical4 ,let u exam9e ?is claim = a mom5t4 ,! adr5als are two inconspicu\s ductless bodies situat$ imm$iately above ! kidneys4 ,n _m ye>s ago1 :5 ! pres5t writ] 0 a m$ical /ud5t1 all t 0 kn[n ab\t ^! organs 0 t :5 /rick5 ) a c]ta9 disease1 kn[n z ,addison's disease f ! "n ( its fir/ describ]1 ! un=tunate possessor ( ! diseas$ gl&s became ( a m or less ri* *ocolate col\r4 ,to-day we "k t ! int]nal secretion ( ^! organs is a v p[]ful /yptic1 & !re is good reason to believe t a copi\s dis*>ge accompanies an unusual exhibition ( rage4 ,:5 we are told ?+s ( ?is k9d we mu/ fir/ ( all rememb] t ! adr5al9 does n cause ! rage1 ?\gh x may produce its concomitant ph5om5a4 ,if a man flies into a viol5t passion because someone has trodd5 ^u 8 corns1 & !re is a copi\s fl[ ( adr5al9 f ! gl&s1 x is n t fl[ :i* has caus$ 8 rage4 ,x may be ! fl[ f ! int]/itial tissue ( ! sex-gl&s :i* eng5d]s sexual feel+s1 b !n ^? are almo/ :olly physical1 & only 9 a v m9or s5se--if ev5 if any true s5se--psy*ical4 ,p]sons :o take ! extreme view h nev] yet sugge/$ t !re is a *>act]i/ic hormone connect$ ) ^? psy*ical attributes allud$ to 9 ! *apt] ( ! ,cor9?ians recomm5d$ to our notice by ,butl]4 ,9 fact !y seem to ignore all b ! l[] or vegetable *>act]s :5 deal+ ) psy*ology f ! *emico-physical po9t ( view4 ,f9ally1 we come aga9 to ! fatal & fundam5tal defect ( ?is z ( o!r explanations2 x is an explanation )9 ! sy/em1 & !re=e unphilosophical 9 s f> z x fails to expla9 ! facts ?r\gh _! ultimate or deepe/ reasons4 ,a l>ge "p ( ,loeb's book is devot$ to a description ( ! au?or's rem>kable exp]im5ts 9 artificial p>!nog5esis1 & an attempt to %[ t !y (f] a complete explanation4 ,sir ,william ,tild51 "o ( ! greate/ liv+ au?orities on organic *emi/ry1 tells u t too mu* has be5 made ( ! curi\s obs]vations ( ,j4 ,loeb & o!rs2 & he def9itely /ates t :5 we consid] ! propagation ( ! animal races by ! sexual process 444 !re c be no fe> ( contradiction 9 ! /atem5t t 9 ! :ole range ( physical & *emical ph5om5a !re is no gr\nd = ev5 a sugge/ion ( an explanation4 ,beh9d ?is pron\ncem5t ( an exp]t1 "o might well %elt] oneself2 b ! "q "u consid]ation m]its a little fur!r treatm5t4 ,! reproduction ( k9d1 ?\gh usually a bi-sexual process1 may1 h[ev]1 normally 9 r>e cases be uni-sexual1 & ?is process is kn[n z ,p>!nog5esis4 ,ev5 9 human be+s c]ta9 tum\rs ( ! sex-gl&s1 kn[n z t]atomata1 v r>e 9 wom5 & ev5 r>]1 if ev] exi/5t1 9 m51 h be5 claim$ z examples ( attempts at p>!nog5esis1 & s f> no bett] explanation is available4 ,n[ ,loeb & o!rs h succe$$ 9 c]ta9 =ms--ev5 9 a v]tebrate l ! frog--9 induc+ developm5t 9 unimpregnat$ ova4 ,! evid5ce = all ^! ?+s is /ill sl5d]2 b we w cont5t ourselves ) not+ t po9t & pass+ on to ! consid]ation ( ! ph5om5a & ! claims put =w>d 9 connection ) !m4 ,we f9d ! task ( unravell+ ! writ]'s mean+ r5d]$ m difficult by a c]ta9 confusion 9 8 use ( t]ms1 s9ce f]tilisation1 i4e4 syngamy--! union ( ! diff]5t sex products--seems to be confus$ ) segm5tation1 i4e4 g]m9ation2 & ?is confusion is acc5tuat$ by ! claim t ! ma9 effect ( ! sp]matozoon 9 induc+ ! developm5t ( ! egg consi/s 9 an alt]ation 9 ! surface ( ! latt] :i* is app>5tly ( ! nature ( a cytolysis ( ! cortical lay]4 ,any?+ t causes ?is alt]ation )\t endang]+ ! re/ ( ! egg may induce its developm5t4 ,:5 ! sp]matozoon ent]s ! ovum x causes "s alt]ation 9 ! surface membrane ( ! latt] :i*1 among/ o!r ?+s1 prev5ts ! entrance ( fur!r sp]matozoa4 ,loeb ?9ks t 9 caus+ ?is alt]ation x sets up ! segm5tation ( ! ovum4 ,t !re is a close connection betwe5 ! two ev5ts seems und\bt$2 t !y are 9 relation ( cause & effect seems likely4 ,x is q evid5t t an artificial /imulus c 9 c]ta9 cases set up segm5tation1 b nev] c x cause ! f]tilisation ( ! ovum4 ,x may v likely produce ! same *ange 9 ! membrane t is caus$ by ! entrance ( ! sp]matozoon "u normal circum/ances--membrane =mation may be necess>ily co9cid5t ) ! lib]ation 9 ! egg ( "s zymose :i* arises f a pre-exi/5t zymog54 ,b we are /ill "s way (f any assurance t ! ma9 object ( ! sp]matozoon 9 induc+ ! developm5t ( ! egg is ?is surface alt]ation4 ,x may be ! initial effect2 v probably x is2 b s9ce ! ma9 function ( ! sp]matozoon mu/ be ! introduction ( g]mplasm f ! male p>5t1 x is too mu* = anyone to ask u to believe t its ma9 function is conc]n$ ) surface alt]ation4 ,loeb argues t ! *ange 9 ! surface membrane is ( a *emical "*1 & t no d\bt may be correct2 b ev5 if we all[ him e sci5tific fact1 or surmise1 he is /ill1 z 9 ! o!r cases ) :i* we h dealt1 miles away f any real explanation4 ,he is /ill inside 8 *emico-physical explanation to beg9 )2 &1 ev5 )9 t1 he /ill leaves u anxi\s = ! explanation ( a numb] ( po9ts--= example1 z to ! nature ( ! *emical process :i* accompanies1 or is ! cause (1 segm5tation4 ,we 9 no way press ^! que/ions2 = simil> dem&s c\ld be made 9 s _m cases2 we only indicate t !y are !re4 ,:at we d press is ?is--t :5 an au?ority comes =w>d to assure u t all ! processes ( life1 includ+ man's highe/ z well z 8 l[e/ attributes1 c be expla9$ on *emico-physical l9es1 we are entitl$ to ask = a m cog5t pro( ( x ?an ! demon/ration1 h[ev] complete1 ( ! g]m9ation ( an egg1 caus$ by artificial /imulus & n by ! ord9>y me?od ( syngamy1 ev5 ?\gh t g]m9ation may lead to ! production ( a p]fect adult =m4 ,we are entitl$ to ask him to make cle> to u n only :at is happ5+ )9 8 sy/em1 b--:i* is f> m important--:at t sy/em is1 & h[ x came into exi/5ce4 ,we are entitl$ to ask :y ! artificial /imulus1 or ! entry ( ! sp]matozoon1 produces ! effects :i* x is claim$ to produce in/ead ( any "o ( "s score ( o!r effects :i* x might conceivably h produc$4 ,above all we are entitl$ to ask :y !re are any effects1 or ev5 :y !re is any ovum or any sp]matozoon or curi\s physiological inve/igator1 to give ! artificial /imulus4 ,until "s light is ?r[n ^u ^! ?+s we are /ill )9 ! sy/em1 or m]ely hov]+ r\nd its conf9es1 & are f> away f any f9al or philosophical explanation su* z w\ld satisfy ! m9d ( ! man :o wants to get a real & n a p>tial k ( ! ?+s ar\nd him4 ,we may n[ turn to ! "q ( ,vitalism4 ,x 0 long ! regnant !ory2 !n tempor>ily ! ,c9d]ella ( biology2 x is n[ return+ to its e>ly position1 ?\gh /ill d5i$ by ^? ( ! old] s*ool ( ?\ght :o _c imag9e ! kit*5 w5* ( ye/]day ! rul] ( to-day4 ,"o ( ! objections to ,vitalism is t ?is explanation ( liv+ ?+s is ?\ght by ignorant writ]s to be s inextricably mix$ up ) !ological consid]ations z to furni% a case ( /antis aut cad5tis ecclesiae4 ,t is1 ( c\rse1 absurd2 b x creates an und\bt$ bias aga9/ ! !ory4 ,h5ce x is ! fa%ion among/ its oppon5ts to write ( x z my/ical or1 z ,loeb does1 z sup]natural1 probably ! mo/ illogical t]m t c\ld possibly be us$4 ,:at is ,vitalism8 ,x is ! !ory t !re is "s o!r elem5t--call x entele*y ) ,dries*1 or call x :at y l--9 liv+ ?+s ?an ^? elem5ts kn[n to *emi/ry & physics4 ,if x is n !re1 cadit quae/io2 if x is !re x is n sup]natural4 ,x might ) reason be call$ sup]-me*anical1 or sup]-*emical1 or sup]-physical2 b if x is 9 ,nature1 z x is held to be1 x is n sup]natural 9 any true s5se ( t ^w--no diction>y conf9es ! t]m ,nature to ! op]ations ( *emi/ry & physics4 ,a good deal ( ! misconception exi/+ on ?is po9t comes f pure ignorance ( philosophy1 a subject ) :i* writ]s ( ?is s*ool seldom h ev5 a nodd+ acqua9tance4 ,! idea ( a quasi-sup]human intellig5ce presid+ ov] ! =ces ( ! liv+ is met ) 9 ! field ( reg5]ation4 ,e*oes ( ! ,c>tesian idea ( ! s\l seem to r+ 9 ?is /atem5t2 b x c\ld n h be5 writt5 by anyone :o _h ma/]$ ! ,ari/otelian or ! ,s*ola/ic explanation ( matt] & =m4 ,b let u take ?is "q ( ,reg5]ation2 ! p[] :i* all liv+ ?+s h1 9 "s measure1 ?\gh 9 v diff]5t measure1 ( recon/ruct+ !mselves :5 injur$4 ,x has be5 dealt ) 9 a ma/]ly mann] by ,dries*2 & we may at once say t we d n ?9k t ,loeb has 9 any way contrav]t$ 8 argum5t1 nor ev5 ent]$ ! fir/ l9e ( def5ce ( t :i* is built up ar\nd :at he calls by ! some:at =bidd+ "n ( ,h>moni\s-,equipot5tial ,sy/em4 ,let u take "o p>ticul> example1 a v rem>kable "o1 :i* has be5 cit$ by bo? writ]s--,wolff's exp]im5t on ! l5s ( ! eye4 ,! l5s is j beh9d ! pupil or c5tral ap]ture 9 ! iris or col\r$ r+ at ! front ( ! eye1 & beh9d ! cornea :i* is to ! eye :at a wat*-glass is to a wat*4 ,if ! l5s ( ! eye be remov$ f a newt1 z x is f human be+s 9 ! op]ation = cat>act1 ! animal w gr[ ano!r "o4 ,h[ does x d x8 ,9 c]ta9 cases a t9y fragm5t ( ! l5s has be5 left beh9d aft] ! op]ation1 & ! new "o gr[s f t4 ,?is is suffici5tly wond]ful1 b by no means s wond]ful z :at happ5s 9 o!r cases 9 :i* ! entire l5s has be5 remov$ & ! new l5s gr[s f ! out] pigm5t$ lay] ( ! m>g9 ( ! iris4 ,to ! unbiological read] "o s\rce ( orig9 w n seem m wond]ful ?an ! o!r1 b !re is really a va/ di/9ction betwe5 !m4 ,at an e>ly /age 9 ! developm5t ( ! embryo1 ! cells compos+ x become divisible into ?ree lay]s4 ,x is ev5 possible1 z ,loeb ma9ta9s1 t ?is diff]5tiation is pres5t 9 ! unsegm5t$ ovum1 9 :i* case ! facts to be detail$ become /ill m rem>kable & significant4 ,^! lay]s are kn[n z epi-1 meso-1 & hypo-bla/2 & f ea* "o ( !m arise c]ta9 portions ( ! body1 & c]ta9 portions only4 ,x w\ld be z rem>kable to a biologi/ to f9d ^! lay]s n bre$+ true z x w\ld to a f[l-fanci] to discov] t ! eggs ( 8 ,buff ,orp+tons 7 produc+ "y turkeys or ducks4 ,n[ ! l5s is an epibla/ic /ructure1 & ! iris is mesobla/ic4 ,h5ce ! wond] ) :i* we are fill$ :5 we f9d ! iris gr[+ a l5s4 ,loeb attempts to expla9 ?is 9 ! fir/ in/ance by tell+ u t ! cells ( ! iris _c gr[ & develop z long z !y are pigm5t$2 t ! op]ation w\nds ! iris1 all[s pigm5t to escape1 & ?us p]mits ( prolif]ation4 ,we may accept ?is1 & yet ask :y x takes on a =m ( gr[? famili> to u only 9 connection ) epibla/8 ,! reply is3 ,"y cells :5 put into ! optic cup always become transp>5t1 no matt] :at _! orig92 x looks z if ?is 7 due to a *emical influ5ce1 ex]cis$ by ! optic cup or by ! liquid x conta9s4 ,lewis has %[n t :5 ! optic cup is transplant$ into any o!r place "u ! epi!lium ( a l>va ( a frog ! epi!lium w always gr[ into ! cup :]e ! latt] comes 9 contact ) ! epi!lium2 & t ! +r[+ "p w always become transp>5t4 ,a mo/ rem>kable & int]e/+ exp]im5t2 x has ?is v important limitation--t x is always epi!lium ) :i* x has to d1 :]eas 9 ,wolff's exp]im5t ! reg5]ation takes place f mesobla/ic tissue4 ,! cause ( ! transp>5cy may be a *emical reaction--x dep5ds a good deal ^u our def9ition ( t phrase4 ,is protoplasm a *emical comp\nd8 ,"s h consid]$ x s1 & spok5 ( its m>vell\sly complicat$ molecule4 ,( c\rse x is made up ( c>bon1 hydrog51 & o!r sub/ances )9 ! doma9 ( *emi/ry4 ,b is x1 !re=e1 m]ely a *emical comp\nd8 ,! reply involves ! :ole riddle ( ,vitalism4 ,! au?or w\ld say t x1 z well z all ! liv+ ?+s to :i* x belongs1 is purely & solely a *emical comp\nd2 & he mu/ take ! consequ5ces ( 8 belief4 ,"o ( ^! consequ5ces1 f :i* d\btless he w\ld n %r9k1 w\ld be t a sup]-*emi/ 7s to speak7 c\ld write him & 8 exp]im5ts & 8 book d[n 9 a s]ies ( *emical =mul--a consequ5ce :i* takes a good deal ( believ+4 ,b x also involves him 9 a belief 9 ! rigidity ( *emical reactions2 & we are entitl$ to ask = an explanation ( ! id5tical behavi\r ( ! *emical reaction 9 connection ) epibla/ic & mesobla/ic cells--bo? pure *emical comp\nds ex hypo!si &1 z f> z we c tell f _! normal behavi\r1 widely diff]+ f "o ano!r4 ,! optic cup1 or its conta9$ fluid1 is "o *emical comp\nd2 epi!lium is ano!r2 mesobla/ is a ?ird4 ,we want an explanation ( ! id5tical behavi\r ( ! fir/ ) ei!r ( ! two latt]2 & ?is %\ld be borne 9 m9d--t ! reaction is n a m]e matt] ( cle>+ ( a tissue z ! hi/ologi/ w\ld cle> 8 section by oil-(-cloves or o!r reag5t1 b ( ! con/ruction ( a diff]5t type ( cell--epi!lial1 n connective tissue4 ,x c]ta9ly foll[s t !re mu/ be "s sup]ior1 at lea/ widely diff]5t1 ag5cy at "w ?an "o ( a purely *emical "*--some?+ :i* transc5ds *emical op]ations4 ,?is is precisely :at ! ,vitali/ claims4 ,no "o w fail to aw>d praise to any attempts to expla9 ! ph5om5a ( ,nature1 :e!r )9 or )\t any sy/em4 ,loeb's book sets out to d a great deal m--to expla9 :at x does n expla9--! ,organism z a ,:ole1 & ?us to give a philosophical explanation ( man4 ,x ev5 claims to af=d h9ts = a rule = 8 life1 at lea/ s we ga!r f ! ,preface1 :]e1 allud+ to t gr\p ( free?9k]s1 includ+ d',alemb]t1 ,did]ot1 ,holba* & ,voltaire1 ! au?or tells u t !y fir/ d>$ to foll[ ! consequ5ces ( a me*ani/ic sci5ce--incomplete z x !n 0--to ! rules ( human conduct1 & !reby laid ! f\ndation ( t _s ( tol]ance1 ju/ice1 & g5tl5ess :i* 0 ! hope ( our civilisation until x 0 buri$ "u ! wave ( homicidal emotion :i* has swept ?r\gh ! _w4 ,on :i* x is surely reasonable to ask h[ a *emical reaction c le>n s to alt] itself z to exhibit tol]ance1 ju/ice1 & g5tl5ess1 attributes :i* x _h n previ\sly possess$8 ,su* claims ( ?is & o!r writ]s1 :o w\ld f9d 9 ! laws ( ,nature z =mulat$ to-day 7=getful t _! =mul may to-morr[ be ca/ into ! furnace7 a rule ( life z well z a full explanation ( ! cosmos1 resemble 9 _! lack ( base an inv]t$ pyramid4 ,,iv4 ,,sci5ce ,,9 ,,bondage ,among/ ! num]\s taunts :i* are ca/ at ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* !re is none m frequ5tly employ$1 nor1 x may be add$1 m g5]ally believ$1 nor m injuri\s to h] reputation among/ outsid]s--ev5 ) h] own less-in/ruct$ *ildr5 !mselves at times--?an ! allegation :i* decl>es t :]e ! ,*ur* has full sway1 sci5ce _c fl\ri%1 c sc>cely 9 fact exi/1 & t ! ,*ur* w only p]mit m5 ( sci5ce to /udy & to tea* z & :ile %e p]mits4 ,to give b "o example ( ?is attitude t[>ds ! ,*ur*1 read]s may be rem9d$ t ,huxley#bc call$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ! vigor\s enemy ( ! highe/ life ( mank9d1 & rejoic$ t evolution1 9 addition to its tru?1 has ! great m]it ( be+ 9 a position ( irreconcilable antagonism to x4 ,an utt]ly incorrect1 ev5 ignorant /atem5t1 by ! way--b let t pass4 ,! same writ]1 9 a numb] ( places1 9 season & out ( season1 z we may fairly say1#bd proclaims 8 :olly errone\s view t !re is a necess>y antagonism betwe5 sci5ce & ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e4 ,we ne$ n lab\r ?is po9t4 ,x is suffici5tly obvi\s1 nor does x ne$ any cat5a ( au?orities to e/abli% ! fact1 t outside ! ,*ur*1 & ev51 z we h h9t$ above1 among/ ! less-in/ruct$ ( h] own *ildr51 !re is a preval5t idea t ! allegation ) :i* ?is pap] proposes to deal is a true bill4 ,^? :o give cr$it to ! allegation mu/ ( c\rse ignore c]ta9 v pat5t facts :i* are1 x w be all[$1 a little difficult to get ov]4 ,!y mu/ comm5ce by ignor+ ! hi/orical fact t ! great] numb]--almo/ all inde$--( ! old] ,univ]sities1 places specially int5d$ to fo/] & increase k & rese>*1 owe _! orig9 to ,papal bulls4 ,!y mu/ ignore ! fact t va/ numb]s ( sci5tific rese>*es1 (t5 ( fundam5tal importance1 especially p]haps 9 ! subjects ( anatomy & physiology1 emanat$ f le>n$ m5 atta*$ to seats ( le>n+ 9 ,rome1 & ?is dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 & t ! le>n$ m5 :o 7 _! au?ors q frequ5tly held (ficial positions 9 ! ,papal ,c\rt4 ,!y mu/ f9ally ignore ! fact t a l>ge numb] ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ sci5tific work]s & discov]]s 9 ! pa/ 7 also dev\t *ildr5 ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,/5s51 ! ,fa!r ( ,geology & a great anatomical discov]] z well1 0 a bi%op2 ,m5del1 ^: "n is s (t5 he>d n[adays 9 biological controv]sies1 0 an abbot4 ,& :at ab\t ,galvani1 ,volta1 ,pa/eur1 ,s*wann 7! orig9ator ( ! ,cell ,!ory71 van ,b5$51 ,johannes ,mll]1 admitt$ by ,huxley to be ! greate/ anatomi/ & physiologi/ among my contempor>ies8#be ,:at ab\t ,kir*]1 ,spallanzani1 ,sec*i1 de ,lapp>5t1 to take ! names ( p]sons ( diff]5t hi/orical p]iods1 & connect$ ) diff]5t subjects1 yet all unit$ 9 ! bond ( ! ,fai?8 ,to po9t to ^! m5--& a ho/ ( o!r names might be cit$--is to ov]?r[ at once & f9ally ! edifice ( falsehood re>$ by enemies ( ! ,*ur*1 :o1 be=e erect+ x1 might reasonably h be5 ask$ to look to ! security ( _! f\ndations4 ,/ill !re is ! edifice1 & z e edifice mu/ re/ on "s k9d ( f\ndation or ano!r1 ev5 if t f\ndation be no?+ b s&1 x may be useful & int]e/+ to inquire1 z ,i n[ propose to d1 :at f\ndation !re is--if 9 fact !re is any--= ?is p>ticul> allegation4 ,we might comm5ce by int]rogat+ ! p]sons :o make x4 ,! probability is t ! reply :i* w\ld at once be drawn f mo/ ( !m w\ld am\nt to ?is3 ,ev]ybody kn[s x to be true4 ,if ! int]rogat$ p]son is among/ ^? less imp]fectly in=m$ we %all probably be ref]r$ to ,huxley or to "s o!r writ]4 ,or we may ev5 f9d ourselves confront$ ) t great] k--or less inspissat$ ignorance--:i* babbles ab\t ,galileo1 ! ,inquisition1 ! ,index1 & ! imprimatur4 ,galileo & 8 case we %all consid] lat] on1 = he & x are really g]mane to ! "q ) :i* we are deal+4 ,! ,inquisition has really no?+ to d ) ! matt]4 ,! ,index we also res]ve = a lat] "p ( ?is essay4 ,) ! imprimatur we may n[ deal1 s9ce !re is no d\bt t !re is a g5u9e misund]/&+ on ?is subject on ! "p ( "s p :o are misl$ p]haps ?r\gh ignorance ( ,lat9 & q c]ta9ly ?r\gh ignorance ( :at ! :ole matt] am\nts to4 ,let u beg9 by rem9d+ ourselves t1 ?\gh ! un*ang+ ,*ur* is n[1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ! only body :i* issues an imprimatur1 !re 7 o!r in/ances ( ! ex]cise ( su* a privilege ev5 9 rec5t or comp>atively rec5t days4 ,!re 7 ,royal lic5ces to pr9t ) :i* we ne$ n conc]n ourselves4 ,b1 :at is important1 !re 0 a "t :5 ! sci5tific au?ority ( ! day assum$ ! "r ( issu+ an imprimatur4 ,i take ! fir/ book :i* occurs to me1 ,tyson's ,anatomie ( a ,pygmie1 & = ! sake ( ^? :o are n acqua9t$ ) x1 ,i may add t ?is book is n only ! f\ndation-/one ( ,comp>ative ,anatomy1 b also1 ?r\gh its app5dix ,a ,philological ,essay ,conc]n+ ! ,pygmies1 ! ,cynocephali1 ! ,satyrs1 & ,sph+es ( ! ,anci5ts1 ! f\ndation-/one ( all folk-lore /udy4 ,on ! page front+ ! title ( ?is "w ! foll[+ appe>s3 #ag ,die ,maij1 #afii4 ,imprimatur ,lib] cui ,titulus1 ,orang-,outang sive ,homo ,sylve/ris1 etc4 ,au?ore ,edv>do ,tyson1 ,m4,d41 ,r4,s4,s4 ,john ,hosk9s1 ,v4,p4,r4,s4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,9 ! fir/ place x %[s1 :at all in/ruct$ p]sons "k1 t ! ,royal ,society did !n ex]cise ! privilege ( giv+ an imprimatur at any rate to books writt5 by its own ,fell[s4 ,x _c be suppos$ t su* imprimatur gu>ante$ ! accuracy ( all ! /atem5ts made by ,tyson1 = we may feel sure t ,john ,hosk9s 0 q unable to give any su* assurance4 ,we mu/ assume t x meant t !re 0 no?+ 9 ! book :i* w\ld reflect discr$it ^u ! ,society ( :i* ,tyson 0 a ,fell[ & f :i* ! imprimatur 0 obta9$4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! sway ov] its ,fell[s' publications 0 ex]cis$1 & inde$ v excell5t argum5ts might be adduc$ = ! reassumption ( su* a sway ev5 to-day4#bf ,?\gh ! imprimatur 9 "q has fall5 into desuetude1 x is1 z we all "k1 ! commone/ ( ?+s = ! introductions to works ( sci5ce to occupy "s (t5 consid]able "p ( _! space ) ackn[l$gm5ts ( assi/ance giv5 by le>n$ fri5ds :o h read ! manuscript or ! pro(s & made sugge/ions ) ! object ( improv+ ! book or add+ to its accuracy4 ,any p]son :o has writt5 a book c feel no?+ b gratitude t[>ds ^? :o h help$ him to avoid ! errors & slips to :i* ev5 ! mo/ c>eful are subject4 ,s t su* ackn[l$gm5ts ( assi/ance h come to be almo/ :at ! lawy]s call common =m4 ,:at !y really am\nt to is a proclamation on ! "p ( ! au?or t he has done 8 be/ to ensure t 8 book is free f mi/akes4 ,n[ ! imprimatur really am\nts to ! same ?+1 = x is1 ( c\rse1 conf9$ to books or p>ts ( books :]e !ology or philosophy tr5*+ ^u !ology is conc]n$4 ,?us a book may deal l>gely1 p]haps ma9ly1 ) sci5tific po9ts1 yet necess>ily include allusions to !ological dogmas4 ,! imprimatur to su* a book w\ld relate solely & entirely to ! !ological p>ts1 j z ! advice ( an ar*itectural au?ority on a po9t connect$ ) t subject 9 a "w 9 :i* x 0 m5tion$ only 9 an incid5tal mann]1 w\ld ref] to t po9t1 & to no?+ else4 ,p]haps x %\ld be add$1 t no au?or is oblig$ to obta9 an imprimatur any m ?an he is compell$ to seek advice on any o!r po9t 9 connection ) 8 book4 ,nihil ,ob/at1 says ! skill$ ref]ee3 ,i see no reason to suppose t !re is any?+ 9 all ?is :i* contrav5es !ological pr9ciples4 ,to :i* ! au?ority appeal$ to adds imprimatur3 ,!n by all means let x be pr9t$4 ,! proc$ure is no d\bt some:at m /ately & =mal ?an ! mod]n sy/em ( ackn[l$gm5ts1 yet 9 actual practice !re is b little to diff]5tiate ! two me?ods ( ensur+1 s f> z is possible1 t ! "w is free f mi/akes4 ,t nei!r ! assi/ance ( fri5ds nor ! imprimatur ( au?orities is infallible is prov$ by ! facts t mi/akes d creep into works ( sci5ce1 h[ev] c>efully exam9$1 & t m ?an "o book ) an imprimatur has1 none ! less1 f\nd its way on to ! ,index4 ,be=e leav+ ?is bran* ( ! subject "o _c refra9 f call+ att5tion to ano!r po9t4 ,h[ (t5 9 adv]tisem5ts ( books d we n see quotations f reviews 9 au?oritative j\rnals--a m$ical "w f ! ,lancet1 a physical or *emical f ,nature8 ,frequ5tly too we see ,mr4 ,s-&-,s1 ! well-kn[n au?ority on ! subject1 says ( ?is book1 etc41 etc4 ,:at are all ^! au?oritative comm5dations b an imprimatur up to date8 ,pass+ f ! imprimatur to a clos] consid]ation ( our subject1 x is above all ?+s necess>y to take ! advice ( ,samuel ,johnson & cle> our m9ds ( cant4 ,e p]son 9 ?is _w--save p]haps a ,rob9son ,crusoe on an o!rwise un9habit$ isl&1 & he only because ( 8 solit>y condition--is 9 bondage m or less to o!rs2 t is to say1 has 8 fre$om m or less int]f]$ )4 ,t ?is int]f]5ce is 9 ! int]e/s ( ! community & s1 9 ! la/ analysis1 9 ! int]e/s ( ! p]son int]f]$ ) himself1 9 no way weak5s ! argum5t2 x is r a pot5t adjuvant to x4 ,h[ev] mu* ,i may dislike him & h[ev] anxi\s ,i may be to injure him1 ,i may n g out & set fire to my neighb\r's h\se nor to 8 rick-y>d1 unless ,i am prep>$ to risk ! s]i\s legal p5alties :i* w be my lot if ,i am detect$ 9 ! act4 ,i may n1 if ,i am a small & active boy1 make a slide 9 ! public /reet 9 fro/y wea!r1 unless ,i am prep>$--z ! small boy usually is--to run ! gauntlet ( ! police4 ,9 a ?\s& ways my fre$om1 or :at ,i call my fre$om1 is int]f]$ )3 x is ! price :i* ,i pay = be+ "o item ( a social organism & = be+ 9 turn protect$ aga9/ o!rs1 :o1 9 virtue ( t protection1 are 9 _! turn depriv$ ( :at !y might call _! lib]ty4 ,no "o c h fail$ to obs]ve t ?is int]f]5ce ) p]sonal lib]ty becomes great] day by day4 ,x is a t5d5cy ( mod]n gov]nm5ts1 bas$ presumably ^u increas$ exp]i5ce1 to increase ^! protective regulations4 ,?us we h laws aga9/ adult]ation ( food1 aga9/ ! plac+ ( build+s conc]n$ ) obnoxi\s trades 9 positions :]e p w be inconv5i5c$ by !m4 ,we make p]sons suff]+ f infecti\s diseases isolate !mselves1 & if !y _c d ?is at home1 we make !m g to ! fev] hospital4 ,fur!r1 we insi/ ^u ! doctor1 ^: position resembles t ( a confessor1 break+ 8 obligation ( pr(essional secrecy & in=m+ ! au?orities z to ! illness ( 8 pati5t4 ,we int]f]e ) ! lib]ty ( m5 & wom5 to "w z long z !y l or to make _! *ildr5 lab\r = excessive h\rs4 ,we insi/ ^u dang]\s ma*9]y be+ f5c$ 94 ,9 a ?\s& ways we--! ,/ate--int]f]e ) ! lib]ty ( our fell[s4 ,f9ally1 :5 ! ne$s ( ! community are mo/ press+ we int]f]e mo/ ) ! fre$om ( ! subject4 ,?us1 9 ^! isl&s1 we 7 rec5tly liv+ "u a ,def5ce ( ! ,realm ,act--) :i* no reasonable p]son qu>rell$4 ,yet x =bad _m ?+s n only h>mless 9 !mselves b habitually p]mitt$ 9 times ( peace4 ,we 7 subject to p5alties if we %[$ light$ w9d[s3 !y mu/ be %utt]$ or provid$ ) heavy curta9s4 ,we might n travel 9 railway c>riages at night ) ! bl9ds undrawn4 ,! pap]s might n publi%1 nor we say 9 public1 ?+s :i* 9 "t ( peace w\ld g unnotic$4 ,!re 7 a ho/ ( o!r matt]s to :i* allusion ne$ n be made4 ,en\gh has be5 said to %[ t ! ,/ate has & ex]ts ! "r to control ! actions ( ^? :o belong to x1 & t 9 "t ( /ress x c & does v greatly int5sify t control & does s )\t ar\s+ any real or widespread discont5t4 ,( c\rse we all grumble1 b !n ev]ybody1 except its own memb]s1 always does m or less grumble at any?+ done by any gov]nm5t3 t is ! ord9>y /ate ( affairs4 ,b at any rate we submit ourselves1 m or less gracefully1 to ?is re/ra9t because we p]suade ourselves or are p]suad$ t x is = ! good ( ! ,/ate & ?us = ! good ( ourselves1 bo? z private individuals & z memb]s ( ! ,/ate4 ,& _m ( u1 at any rate1 com=t ourselves ) ! ?\ght t a great _m ( ! regulations :i* appe> to be mo/ tyrannical & mo/ to int]f]e ) ! natural lib]ty ( mank9d are devis$ n ) t end 9 view b ) ! righte\s int5tion ( protect+ ^? weak] memb]s ( ! body :o are unable to protect !mselves4 ,if ! ,/ate does n /& by su* memb]s & (f] itself z _! %ield & support1 x has no claim to our ob$i5ce1 no real "r to exi/1 & s we put up ) ! inconv5i5ce1 %\ld su* arise1 on acc\nt ( ! protection giv5 to ! weak] memb]s & (t5 ext5d$ to ^? :o w\ld by no means feel pleas$ if !y he>d !mselves ?us describ$4 ,let u sub/itute ! ,*ur* = ! ,/ate & let u rememb] t !re are times :5 %e is at clos] grips ) ! p[]s ( evil ?an may be ! case at o!r times4 ,! p>allel is surely suffici5tly close4 ,s f> z e>?ly laws c control "o1 no "o is oblig$ to be a memb] ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* nor a citiz5 ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,i c1 if ,i *oose1 emigrate to ,am]ica1 9 process ( "t naturalise myself !re & jo9 ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce organisation or any o!r body to :i* ,i f9d myself attract$4 ,b z long z ,i rema9 a ,ca?olic & a ,briti% citiz5 ,i mu/ submit myself to ! re/rictions impos$ by ! bodies ) :i* ,i h elect$ to connect myself4 ,we arrive at ! conclusion !n t ! ord9>y citiz51 ev5 if he nev] adv]ts to ! fact1 is 9 reality controll$ & 8 lib]ty limit$ 9 all sorts ( directions4 ,n[ ! sci5tific man1 9 8 own "w1 is subject to all sorts ( limitations1 ap>t altoge!r f ! limitations to :i*1 z an ord9>y memb] ( ! ,/ate1 he has to submit himself4 ,he is re/rict$ by sci5ce3 he is n completely free b is b\nd by k--! k :i* he or o!rs h acquir$4 ,to say he is limit$ by x is n to say t he is imprison$ by x or 9 bondage to x4 ,"o does n lose "o's intellectual lib]ty :5 "o le>ns ma!matics1 says ! late ,monsignor ,b5son 9 "o ( 8 lett]s1 ?\gh "o c]ta9ly loses ! lib]ty ( do+ sums wrong or do+ !m by labori\s me?ods6 ,be=e sett+ out ^u any rese>*1 ! c>eful man ( sci5ce sets himself to /udy ! lit]ature ( ! subject z he calls x4 ,he delves into all sorts ( out-(-!-way p]iodicals to asc]ta9 :at su* a man has writt5 ^u su* a po9t4 ,all ?is he does 9 ord] t he may avoid do+ a piece ( "w ov] aga9 unnecess>ily3 unnecess>ily1 = x maybe actually necess>y to repeat x1 if x is ( v great importance & if x has n be5 repeat$ & v]ifi$ by o!r obs]v]s4 ,fur!r1 he delves into ?is lit]ature because x is ?us t he hopes to avoid ! _m bl9d alleys :i* bran* (f f e pa? ( rese>*1 delude _! explor] ) va9 hopes & f9ally br+ him face to face ) a blank wall4 ,9 a ^w ! inquir] consults 8 au?orities & :5 he f9ds !m wor?y ( reliance1 he limits 8 fre$om by pay+ att5tion to !m4 ,he does n say3 ,h[ am ,i held 9 bondage by ?is ass]tion t ! e>? goes r\nd ! sun1 b accept+ t fact1 he rejects su* ( 8 conclusions z are obvi\sly irreconcilable ) x4 ,surely ?is is pla9 common s5se & ! man :o act$ o!rwise w\ld be sett+ himself a q impossible task4 ,x is ! weakness ( ! heuri/ic me?od t x sets its pupils to f9d out ?+s :i* _m abl] m5 h sp5t ye>s 9 inve/igat+4 ,! man :o sets out to make a rese>*1 )\t fir/ asc]ta9+ :at o!rs h done 9 t direction1 proposes to accumulate 9 himself ! abilities & ! life-"w ( all previ\s g5]ations ( lab\r]s 9 t corn] ( ! sci5tific v9ey>d4 ,!re is a some:at amus+ & c]ta9ly int]e/+ in/ance ( ?is :i* w be> quotation4 ,! late ,mr4 ,grant ,all51 :o knew some?+ ( q a numb] ( subjects ?\gh p]haps n v mu* ab\t any ( !m1 devot$ mo/ ( 8 "t & en]gies 7outside 8 /ories1 "s ( :i* are q ent]ta9+7 to n always v accurate essays 9 natural hi/ory4 ,"o day1 h[ev]1 8 evil g5ius prompt$ him to write &1 worse /ill1 to publi% a book entitl$ ,=ce & ,en]gy3 ,a ,!ory ( ,dynamics1 9 :i* he purport$ to deal ) a matt] ( :i* he knew f> less ev5 ?an he did ab\t animat$ nature4 ,m>k ! inevitable result6 ,a copy ( ! book 0 =w>d$ to ! j\rnal ,nature1 & s5t by its editor to be dealt ) by ! compet5t h&s ( ,sir ,oliv] 7!n ,pr(essor7 ,lodge4#bg ,?is is h[ t em95t au?ority dealt ) x4 ,!re exi/s a c]ta9 class ( m9d1 he comm5ces1 alli$ p]haps to ! ,greek sophi/ v>iety1 to :i* ignorance ( a subject (f]s no suffici5t ob/acle to ! composition ( a treatise ^u x4 ,x may be ra% to sugge/ t ?is type ( m9d is well develop$ 9 philosoph]s ( ! ,sp5c]ian s*ool1 ?\gh x w\ld be possible to adduce "s evid5ce 9 support ( su* a sugge/ion4 ,9 ! volume be=e u1 he cont9ues1 ,mr4 ,grant ,all5 sets to "w to recon/ruct ! fundam5tal sci5ce ( dynamics1 an edifice :i*1 s9ce ! "t ( ,galileo & ,newton1 has be5 /&+ on :at has seem$ a fairly secure & sub/antial basis1 b :i* he seems to ?9k x is n[ "t to demoli% 9 ord] to make room = a newly excogitat$ !ory4 ,! attempt is audaci\s & ! result--:at might h be5 expect$4 ,! p]=mance l5ds itself inde$ to ! mo/ sca?+ criticism2 blund]s & mis/atem5ts ab\nd on ne>ly e page1 & ! :ole ?+ is simply an emanation ( m5tal fog4 ,x w\ld occupy too mu* space to reproduce ?is criticism ) any fullness1 b "o or two po9ts exce$+ly g]mane to our subject c h>dly g )\t notice4 ,allud+ to a c]ta9 "q1 :i* seems to h greatly bo!r$ ,mr4 ,all5 & likewise ,mr4 ,clodd1 :o1 x w\ld appe>1 0 associat$ ) him 9 ?is p]=mance1 ! review] says3 ,! puzzle 0 solv$ completely long ago1 9 ! cle>e/ possible mann]1 & ! ',pr9cipia' is ! witness to x2 b x is /ill felt to be a difficulty by beg9n]s1 & ,i suppose !re is no (f5ce 9 apply+ ?is h>mless epi!t to bo? ,mr4 ,grant ,all5 & ,mr4 ,clodd1 s f> z ! tru?s ( dynamics & physics are conc]n$4 ,"o la/ quotation3 ,! ?+ :i* /rikes "o mo/ =cibly ab\t ! physics ( ^! pap] philosoph]s is ! extraord9>y contempt :i*1 if !y are consi/5t1 !y mu/ or ought to feel = m5 ( sci5ce4 ,if ,newton1 ,lagrange1 ,gauss1 & ,?ompson1 to say no?+ ( small] m51 h muddl$ away _! bra9s 9 concoct+ a s*eme ( dynamics :]e9 ! v def9itions are all wrong2 if !y h arriv$ at a law ( cons]vation ( en]gy )\t kn[+ :at ! ^w en]gy means1 or h[ to def9e x2 if !y h to be set "r by an amateur :o has devot$ a few weeks or mon?s to ! subject & acquir$ a rude smatt]+ ( "s ( its t]ms1 ':at intol]able fools !y mu/ all be6' ,su* is ! result ( ass]t+ "o's fre$om by escap+ ! limitations ( k6 ,we see :at happ5s :5 a p]son sets out to deal ) sci5ce untrammell$ by any consid]ations z to :at o!rs h ?\ght & e/abli%$4 ,! necess>y result is t he plunges head=emo/ into all or mo/ ( ! errors :i* 7 pitfalls to ! fir/ lab\r]s 9 ! field4 ,or1 aga91 he pa9fully & uselessly pursues ! bl9d alleys :i* !y _h w&]$ 91 & f :i* a p]usal ( _! works w\ld h w>n$ (f lat] com]s4 ,oh1 irony ( fate6 ! same ?+ precisely happ5s :5 m5 ( sci5tific em95ce indulge 9 religi\s diss]tations1 = ( c\rse1 ?\gh x is n q s obvi\s to su* writ]s1 ! same blund] is q possible 9 non-sci5tific fields ( k4 ,i once ask$ "o v]s$ 9 !ology :at he ?\ght ( ! religi\s articles ( a di/+ui%$ man1 unfamili> himself ) !ology1 yet1 none ! less1 !n spla%+ freely & to ! great admiration ( ! ignorant1 9 ! !ological pool4 ,8 reply 0 t 9 s f> z !y 7 at all con/ructive1 !y consi/$ mo/ly ( explod$ h]esies ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,is n ?is precisely :at "o w\ld h expect$ a priori8 ,a man comm5c+ to write on sci5ce or religion :o neglects ! "w ( e>li] writ]s places himself 9 ! position ( ! fir/ /ud5ts ( ! subject & v naturally w make ! same mi/akes z !y made4 ,he refuses to be hamp]$ & bias$ by k1 & ! result foll[s q inevitably4 ,a sci5ti/1 says ,monsignor ,b5son1 is hamp]$ & bias$ by kn[+ ! e>? goes r\nd ! sun4 ,! fact ( ! matt] is t ! man ( sci5ce is n a solit>y figure1 a *imra bomb9ans 9 vacuo4 ,9 :atev] direction he looks he is fac$ by ! figures ( o!r work]s & he is limit$ & hamp]$ by _! "w4 ,nor are ^! work]s all ( !m 9 8 own area ( c\ntry1 = ! biologi/1 = example1 _c af=d to neglect ! do+s ( ! *emi/2 if he does he is b\nd to f9d himself l$ into mi/akes4 ,no d\bt ! sci5tific man is at times ne$lessly hamp]$ by !ories :i* he & o!rs at ! "t take to be fairly well e/abli%$ facts1 b :i* aft] all turn out to be no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,?is 9 no way weak5s ! argum5t1 b r by giv+ an additional reason = caution1 /r5g!ns x4 ,if we c>efully consid] ! matt] we %all be unable to come to any o!r conclusion ?an t e writ]1 ev5 ( ! wilde/ =m ( fiction1 is 9 "s way & to "s ext5t hamp]$ & limit$ by k1 by facts1 by ?+s z !y are or z !y appe> to be4 ,t w be admitt$2 b x w be urg$ t ! hamp]+ & limit+ ) :i* we h be5 deal+ is n m]ely legitimate b inevitable1 :]eas ! hamp]+ & limit+--%\ld su* !re be--on ! "p ( ! ,*ur* is :olly illegitimate & indef5sible4 ,all t y say is no d\bt true1 our antagoni/ w urge1 b y h /ill to %[ t y\r ,*ur* has any "r or title to int]f]e 9 ^! matt]s4 ,& ev5 if y c make "s sort ( case = h] int]f]5ce1 y h /ill to disprove :at s _m p believe1 namely1 t ! "r1 real or assum$1 has n be5 arbitr>ily us$ to ! damage1 or at lea/ to ! delay ( sci5tific progress4 ,*emi/ry1 we may suppose our antagoni/ cont9u+1 no d\bt has a legitimate "r to h its say1 ev5 to int]f]e & t imp]atively1 :]e *emical consid]ations invade ! field ( biology1 = example4 ,b :at simil> "r does religion possess8 ,= in/ance1 he might proce$1 "s few ye>s ago a di/+ui%$ physiologi/1 !n occupy+ ! ,*air ( ! ,briti% ,association1 invok$ ! behavi\r ( c]ta9 *emical sub/ances kn[n z colloids 9 fav\r ( 8 anti-vitali/ic conclusions4 ,at once he 0 answ]$ by a numb] ( equally em95t *emi/s t ! attitude he _h adopt$ 0 q incompatible ) facts z kn[n to !m2 9 a ^w1 t *emi/ry disagre$ ) 8 ideas z to colloids4 ,ev]ybody admitt$ t ! *emi/s mu/ h ! f9al ^w on ?is subject3 are y n[ claim+ t religion or !ology1 or :atev] y *oose to call x1 is also entitl$ to a say 9 a matt] ( t k9d8 ,?is supposititi\s conv]sation illu/rates ! confusion :i* exi/s 9 _m m9ds z to ! po9t at issue4 ,"o sci5ce is entitl$ to contradict ano!r1 j z "o sci5tific man is entitl$ to contradict ano!r on a "q ( fact4 ,b on a "q ( fact a !ologian is n entitl$--qu !ologian--nor w\ld he be expect$ to claim to be entitl$1 to contradict a man ( sci5ce4 ,x ought to be widely kn[n1 ?\gh x is n1 t ! idea t !ologians c or wi% to intrude--aga9 qu !ologians--9 sci5tific disputes z to *emical1 biological1 or o!r facts1 is a fanta/ic idea )\t real f\ndation save t ( ! "o mi/ake ( ! k9d made 9 ! case ( ,galileo & nev] repeat$--a mi/ake1 let u ha/5 to add1 made by a discipl9>y au?ority &--z all p>ties admit--9 no way involv+ que/ions ( infallibility4 ,to ?is case we w rev]t %ortly4 ,mean:ile x may be briefly /at$ t ! claim made by ! ,*ur* is 9 connection ) "s few--"s v few--( ! !ories :i* m5 ( sci5ce build up ^u ! facts :i* !y h br\ght to light4 ,"s ( ^! !ories d appe> to contradict !ological dogmas1 or at lea/ may seem to simple p to be incompatible ) su* dogmas1 j z ! p ( 8 "t--,prote/ants by ! way1 no less ?an ,ca?olics--did really ?9k t ,galileo's !ory conflict$ ) ,holy ,writ4 ,9 su* cases1 & 9 su* cases alone1 ! ,*ur* holds t %e has at lea/ ! "r to say t su* a !ory %\ld n be proclaim$ to be true until !re is suffici5t pro( = x to satisfy ! sci5tific _w t ! po9t has be5 demon/rat$4 ,?is is really :at is meant by ! tyranny ( ! ,*ur*2 & x may n[ be useful to consid] briefly :at c be said = h] position4 ,we mu/ beg9 by look+ at ! matt] f ! ,*ur*'s /&po9t4 ,x is a good rule to endeav\r to und]/& y\r oppon5t's position be=e y try to confute him2 an excell5t rule seldom compli$ ) by anti-,ca?olic controv]siali/s4 ,n[ ! ,*ur* />ts ) ! proposition t man has an immortal s\l de/9$ to et]nal happ9ess or et]nal mis]y1 & %e proce$s to claim t %e has be5 div9ely con/itut$ to help man to enjoy a future ( happ9ess4 ,( c\rse ^! are op9ions :i* all d n %>e1 & ) ! argum5ts = & aga9/ :i* we _c "h deal4 ,if a man is q sure t he has no s\l & t !re is no h]eaft] !re is no?+ m to be said ?an3 ,let u eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die4 ,no?+ v mu* matt]s 9 ?is _w except t we %\ld make ourselves z com=table z we c dur+ ! few ye>s we h to sp5d 9 x4 ,aga91 !re are o!rs :o1 :il/ believ+ ! fir/ doctr9e set d[n above1 w h none ( ! o!r4 ,) !m we ent] into no argum5t "h1 & only say t to h a guide is bett] ?an to h no guide4 ,ca?olics1 :o accept gratefully h] guidance1 d believe t ! ,*ur* c help a man to save 8 s\l1 & t %e is entru/$1 to t end1 ) c]ta9 p[]s4 ,h] duty is to pres]ve & gu>d ! ,*ri/ian ,revelation--! s*eme ( doctr9e reg>d+ belief & conduct by :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ taught t s\ls 7 to be sav$4 ,%e is n an arbitr>y rul]4 ,h] (fice is prim>ily t ( ,judge & ,int]pret] ( ! deposit ( doctr9e entru/$ to h]4 ,9 ?is %e claims to be safegu>d$ aga9/ error1 ?\gh h] infallible utt]ances w\ld seem incr$ibly few1 if summ$ up & pres5t$ to ! m ignorant ( h] critics4 ,%e also claims to d]ive f h] ,f\nd] legislative p[] by :i* %e c make decrees1 unmake !m or modify & v>y !m to suit diff]5t times & circum/ances4 ,%e rightfully claims ! ob$i5ce ( h] *ildr5 to ?is ex]cise ( h] au?ority1 b su* discipl9>y enactm5ts1 by _! v nature v>iable & modifiable1 d n & _c come )9 ! prov9ce ( h] infallibility1 & admitt$ly !y ne$ n be always p]fectly wise or judici\s4 ,su* discipl9>y utt]ances1 x may be add$1 at lea/ 9 ! field ( :i* we are treat+1 inde$ 9 any field1 are also incr$ibly few :5 due reg>d is _h to ! enorm\s numb] ( cases pass+ "u ! ,*ur*'s obs]vation4 ,we saw j n[ t ! ,/ate ex]cis$ a v l>ge jurisdiction = ! purpose ( protect+ ! weak :o 7 unable or little able to protect !mselves4 ,x is really important to rememb]1 :5 we are consid]+ ! p[]s ( ! ,*ur* & h] ex]cise ( !m1 t ^! discipl9>y p[]s are put 9 op]ation1 n f m]e arrogance or an arbitr>y love ( dom9ation--z too _m suppose--b ) ! prim>y int5tion ( protect+ & help+ ! weak] memb]s ( ! flock4 ,if ! ,*ur* consi/$ entirely ( !ological exp]ts a good deal ( ?is ex]cise ( discipl9>y p[] might v likely be reg>d$ z :olly unnecess>y4 ,?us ! ,*ur* freely conc$es n only to prie/s & !ologians1 b to o!r p]sons adequately in/ruct$ 9 h] tea*+1 full p]mission to read books :i* %e has plac$ on h] black li/ or ,index--f :i*1 9 o!r words1 %e has w>n$ (f ! weak] memb]s ( ! flock4 ,! net ( ,pet]1 h[ev]1 z all v well "k1 conta9s a v great v>iety ( fi%1 &--to v>y ! metaphor--to ! fi%]man 0 giv5 *>ge n only ( ! %eep--fooli% en\gh1 heav5 kn[s6--b also ( ! /ill m helpless lambs4 ,?us x becomes ! duty & ! privilege ( ! successors ( ! fi%]man to protect ! %eep & ! lambs1 & n m]ely to protect !m f wild bea/s :o may try to d h>m f )\t1 b q z mu* f ! wild rams ( ! flock :o are capable ( do+ a great deal ( injury f )94 ,9 "o ( 8 lett]s1 f :i* quotation has already be5 made1 ! late ,monsignor ,b5son sums up1 9 homely1 b vivid language1 ! po9t ) :i* we h j be5 deal+4 ,"h are ! lambs ( ,*ri/'s flock1 he writes3 ,is a /\t old ram to upset & confuse !m :5 he ne$n't 444 ev5 ?\gh he is "r8 ,! flock mu/ be l$ g5tly & turn$ 9 a great curve4 ,we c't all :ip r\nd 9 an in/ant4 ,we are tir$ & disc\rag$ & "s ( u are exce$+ly /upid & ob/9ate4 ,v well2 !n ! rams c't be all[$ to make brilliant excursions 9 all directions & upset u all4 ,we %all get !re "s day1 if we are treat$ pati5tly4 ,we are ,*ri/'s lambs aft] all4 ,! protection ( ! weak3 surely1 if x be deem$ bo? j & wise on ! "p ( ! civil gov]nm5t to protect its subjects by legislation 9 reg>d to adult]at$ goods1 contagi\s diseases1 unheal?y work%ops & dang]\s ma*9]y1 :y may n ! ,*ur* safegu>d h] *ildr51 especially h] weak] *ildr51 ! special object ( h] c>e & solicitude1 f noxi\s intellectual foods8 ,x is j "h t ! "q ( ! ,index arises4 ,put briefly1 ?is is a li/ ( books :i* are n to be read by ,ca?olics unless !y h p]mission to read !m--a p]mission :i*1 z we h j se51 is nev] refus$ :5 any good reason c be giv5 = ! reque/4 ,i c und]/& ! k9d ( p]son :o says3 ,exactly1 lock+ up ! tru?2 :y n let ev]ybody read j :at !y l8 ,to :i* ,i w\ld reply t e c>eful p>5t has an ,index ,prohibitorius = 8 h\sehold2 or ought to h "o if he has n4 ,i once knew a woman :o all[$ h] daught] to plunge into ,nana & o!r works ( t "* z soon z %e c\ld summon up en\gh k ( ,fr5* to fa?om _! mean+4 ,! daught] grew up & ! result has n be5 enc\rag+ to educationi/s ?9k+ ( proce$+ on simil> l9es4 ,! ,/ate also has its ,index ,prohibitorius & w n p]mit indec5t books nor indec5t pictures to be sold4 ,en\gh3 let u aga9 cle> our m9ds ( cant4 ,!re is a limit ) reg>d to publications 9 e dec5t ,/ate & e dec5t h\se3 x is only a "q :]e ! l9e is drawn4 ,x is obvi\s t ! ,*ur* mu/ be p]mitt$ at lea/ z mu* privilege 9 ?is matt] z is claim$ by e respectable fa!r ( a family4 ,we ne$ n pursue ! "q ( ! ,index any fur!r1 b be=e we leave x let u = a mom5t turn to ano!r accusation levell$ aga9/ ,ca?olic m5 ( sci5ce by anti-,ca?olic writ]s1 t ( conceal+ _! real op9ions on sci5tific matt]s1 & ev5 ( pr(ess+ views :i* !y d n really hold1 out ( a crav5 fe> ( ecclesia/ical d5unciations4 ,! attitude :i* p]mits ( su* an accusation is h>dly c\rte\s1 b1 /ripp$ ( its v]biage1 t is ! accusation z x is made4 ,n[1 z !re are usually at lea/ "s sm\ld]+ emb]s ( fire :]e !re is smoke1 !re is j "o small item ( tru? beh9d all ?is po!r4 ,no ,ca?olic1 sci5tific man or o!rwise1 :o really hon\rs 8 ,fai? w\ld desire wilfully to advance !ories app>5tly ho/ile to its tea*+4 ,fur!r1 ev5 if he 7 conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( facts :i* might appe>--x c\ld only be appe>--to conflict ) t tea*+1 he w\ld1 9 exp\nd+ !m1 ei!r %[ h[ !y c\ld be h>monis$ ) 8 religion1 or1 if he 7 wise1 w\ld treat 8 facts f a sev]ely sci5tific po9t ( view & leave o!r consid]ations to ! !ologians tra9$ 9 directions almo/ inv>iably unexplor$ by sci5tific m54 ,p]haps ! memory ( old1 f>-(f1 unhappy ev5ts %\ld n be recall$1 b x is p]t95t to rem>k t ! tr\bles 9 connection ) a man ^: "n once /ood = all t 0 /alw>t 9 ,ca?olicism1 did n orig9ate 91 nor 7 !y connect$ )1 any ( ! sci5tific books & pap]s ( :i* ! late ,pr(essor ,miv>t 0 ! au?or1 b ) ^? !ological essays :i* all 8 fri5ds mu/ regret t he %\ld ev] h writt54 ,x may n be wa/e ( "t briefly to consid] two ( ! in/ances commonly br\ght up z examples :5 ! allegation ) :i* we are deal+ is "u consid]ation4 ,fir/ ( all let u consid] ! case ( ,gabriel ,fallopius1 :o liv$--x is v important to note ! date--#aebc-aefb2 a ,ca?olic & a *ur*man4 ,n[ x is gravely ass]t$ t ,fallopius committ$ himself to mislead+ views1 views :i* he knew to be mislead+1 because he ?\ght t he 0 !reby s]v+ ! int]e/ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:at he said conc]n$ fossils1 !n beg9n+ to puzzle ! sci5tific _w ( ! day4 ,confront$ ) ^! objects & liv+1 z he did1 9 an unsci5tific age1 :5 ! sev5 days ( creation 7 int]pret$ z p]iods ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs ea* & ! univ]sality ( ! ,noa*ian deluge 0 accept$ by ev]ybody1 x w\ld h be5 some?+ l a miracle if he _h at once fa?om$ ! true mean+ ( ! %>k's tee?1 elephant's bones1 & o!r fossil rema9s :i* came "u 8 notice4 ,8 idea 0 t all ^! ?+s 7 m]e concretions g5]at$ by f]m5tation 9 ! spots :]e !y 7 f\nd1 z he v qua9tly & ev5 absurdly put x4 ,! accusation1 h[ev]1 is n t ,fallopius made a mi/ake--z _m ano!r man has done--b t he delib]ately express$ an op9ion :i* he did n hold & did s f religi\s motives4 ,( c\rse1 ?is includes ! idea t he knew :at ! real explanation 01 = _h he n kn[n x1 he c\ld n h be5 guilty ( mak+ a false /atem5t4 ,!re is no evid5ce :atev] t ,fallopius ev] _h s mu* z a suspicion ( ! real explanation1 nor1 x may be add$1 _h any o!r man ( sci5ce = ! c5tury :i* foll[$ 8 dea?4 ,!n !re arose ano!r ,ca?olic *ur*man1 ,nicolaus ,/5s5 7#afca-afhf71 :o1 by ! way1 end$ 8 days z a bi%op1 :o did solve ! riddle1 giv+ ! answ] :i* we accept to-day z correct1 & on :om 0 conf]r$ by 8 bre?r5 two hundr$ ye>s lat] ! title ( ,! ,fa!r ( ,geology4 ,x is a little difficult to und]/& h[ ! un*ang+ ,*ur* %\ld h welcom$1 or at lea/ 9 no way object$ to1 ,/5s5's views :5 ! m]e ent]ta9m5t ( !m by ,fallopius is suppos$ to h t]rifi$ him into sil5ce4 ,b :5 ! /ory ( ,fallopius is mi/old1 z indicat$ above1 x ne$ h>dly be said t ! /ory ( ,/5s5 is nev] s mu* z allud$ to4 ,! real facts ( ! case are ^!3 ,fallopius 0 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 ( sci5ce ( 8 day4 ,e m$ical /ud5t becomes acqua9t$ ) 8 "n because x is atta*$ to two p>ts ( ! human body :i* he fir/ describ$4 ,he made a mi/ake ab\t fossils1 & t is ! pla9 tru?--z we n[ "k1 a mo/ absurd mi/ake1 b t is all4 ,z we h9t$ above1 he is v f> f be+ ! only sci5tific man :o has made a mi/ake4 ,huxley _h a v bad fall ov] ,ba?ybius & 0 man en\gh to admit t he 0 wrong4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 :at ,huxley ?\ght a liv+ ?+ really 0 a concretion1 j z :at ,fallopius ?\ght a concretion _h be5 a liv+ ?+4 ,ano!r extremely curi\s fact is t ano!r di/+ui%$ man ( sci5ce1 :o liv$ ?ree hundr$ ye>s lat] ?an ,fallopius & _h all ! k :i* _h accumulat$ dur+ t prolific p]iod to assi/ him1 ! late ,philip ,gosse1 fell into ! same pit z ,fallopius4 ,z 8 son tells u1 he wrote a book to prove t :5 ! sudd5 act ( creation took place ! _w came into exi/5ce s con/ruct$ z to be> ! appe>ance ( a place :i* _h = ons be5 inhabit$ by liv+ ?+s1 or1 z "s ( 8 critics unk9dly put x1 t ,god hid ! fossils 9 ! rocks 9 ord] to tempt geologi/s into infidelity4 ,gosse _h ! real answ] "u 8 eyes :i* ,fallopius _h n1 = ! riddle 0 unread 9 ! latt]'s days4 ,yet ,gosse's really unp>donable mi/ake 0 attribut$ to himself alone1 & ,plym\? ,bre?r5ism1 :i* 0 ! sect to :i* he belong$1 0 n saddl$ ) x1 nor h ! ,bre?r5 be5 call$ obscuranti/s because ( x4 ,( c\rse !re is a second /r+ to ! accusation we are deal+ )4 ,if ! sci5tific man did really express new & p]haps />tl+ op9ions1 !y w\ld h be5 mu* new] & mu* m />tl+ _h he n held himself 9 = fe> ( ! ,*ur* & said only ab\t half ( :at he might h said4 ,x is ! half in/ead ( ! :ole loaf ( ! =m] accusation4 ,?us1 9 its notice ( ,/5s51 ! curr5t issue ( ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica says3 ,cauti\sly at fir/1 = fe> ( (f5d+ or?odox op9ion1 b aft]w>ds m boldly1 he proclaim$ 8 op9ion t ^! objects 7viz4 fossils7 _h once be5 p>ts ( liv+ animals4 ,"o may feel q c]ta9 t if ,/5s5 _h n be5 a ,ca?olic ecclesia/ic ?is notice w\ld h run--& f> m tru?fully--,cauti\sly at fir/1 until he felt t ! facts at 8 disposal made 8 position q secure1 & !n m boldly1 etc4 etc4 ,:at 9 ! ord9>y man ( sci5ce is caution1 becomes c[>dice 9 ! ,ca?olic4 ,we %all f9d ano!r example ( ?is 9 ! case ( ,buffon 7#agjg-aghh7 (t5 cit$ z t ( a man :o believ$ all t ,d>w9 believ$ & "o hundr$ ye>s be=e ,d>w91 & :o yet 0 afraid to say x because ( ! ,*ur* to :i* he belong$4 ,?is mi/ake is p>tly due to t lam5table ignorance ( ,ca?olic tea*+1 n to say t lam5table incapacity = cle> ?9k+1 on ^! matt]s1 :i* afflicts "s non-,ca?olic writ]s4 ,let u take an example f an em95tly fairly writt5 book1 9 :i*1 deal+ ) ,buffon1 ! au?or says3 ,i _c agree ) ^? :o ?9k t ,buffon 0 an out-&-out evolutioni/1 :o conceal$ 8 op9ions = fe> ( ! ,*ur*4 ,no d\bt he did trim 8 sails--! palpably ins9c]e ,mais non1 il e/ c]ta9 p> la rvlation que t\s les animaux ont galem5t p>ticip la grce de la cration1 foll[+ h>d ^u ! too bold hypo!sis ( ! orig9 ( all species f a s+le "o1 is pro( ( x4 ,( c\rse x is no?+ ( ! k9d1 =1 :atev] ,buffon may h meant1 & none b himself c\ld tell u1 x is p]fectly cle> t :e!r creation 0 m$iate 7z "u trans=mism consid]$ f a ,*ri/ian po9t ( view x w\ld be7 or imm$iate1 e creat$ ?+ w\ld p>ticipate 9 ! grace ( creation1 :i* is j ! po9t :i* ! writ] f :om ! quotation has be5 made has miss$4 ,! same writ] furni%es u ) ! real explanation ( ,buffon's attitude :5 he says t ,buffon 0 too sane & matt]-(-fact a ?9k] to g mu* beyond 8 facts1 & 8 evolution doctr9e rema9$ always t5tative4 ,buffon1 l _m ano!r man1 f ,/4 ,augu/9e d[n to 8 own times1 consid]$ ! trans=mi/ explanation ( liv+ nature4 ,he saw t x unifi$ & simplifi$ ! conceptions ( species & t !re 7 c]ta9 facts :i* seem$ /rongly to support x4 ,b he does n seem to h ?\ght t !y 7 suffici5t to e/abli% x & he puts =w>d 8 views 9 ! t5tative mann] :i* has j be5 sugge/$4 ,! fact is t ^? :o fa!r ! accusations ) :i* we h be5 deal+ ei!r d n "k1 or scrupul\sly conceal _! k1 t :at !y proclaim to be sci5tific c[>dice is really sci5tific caution1 a ?+ to be laud$ & n to be decri$4 ,let u turn to apply ! consid]ations ) :i* we h be5 conc]n$ to ! case ( ,galileo1 to :i* g5]ally misund]/ood affair we mu/ v briefly allude1 s9ce x is ! /&by ( anti-,ca?olic controv]siali/s4 ,monsignor ,b5son1 9 connection ) ! quotation rec5tly cit$1 proclaim$ himself a viol5t def5d] ( ! ,c>d9als aga9/ ,galileo4 ,p]haps no "o w be surpris$ at 8 attitude1 b ^? :o are n famili> ) 8 ,life & ,lett]s w c]ta9ly be surpris$ to le>n t ,huxley1 aft] exam9+ into ! "q1 arriv$ at ! conclusion t ! ,pope & ! ,college ( ,c>d9als _h r ! be/ ( x4#bh ,none ! less x is ! /ock argum5t4 ,fa!r ,hull1 ,s4 ,j41 ^: admirable1 outspok51 & imp>tial /udy ( ! case#bi %\ld be on ev]ybody's book%elves1 freely admits t ! ,roman ,congregations made a mi/ake 9 ?is matt] & ?us takes up a less fav\rable position t[>ds !m ?an ev5 ! viol5tly anti-,ca?olic ,huxley4 ,no "o w d5y t ! action ( ! ,congregation 0 due to a desire to prev5t simple p]sons f hav+ _! fai? upset by a !ory :i* seem$ at ! "t to contradict ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible4 ,rememb] t x 0 only a !ory & t1 :5 x 0 put =w>d1 & inde$ = _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 x 0 n only a !ory1 b "o support$ by no suffici5t evid5ce4 ,x 0 n 9 fact until _m ye>s aft] ,galileo's dea? t f9al & conv9c+ evid5ce z to ! accuracy ( 8 views 0 laid be=e ! sci5tific _w4 ,!re c be b little d\bt t if ,galileo _h be5 cont5t to discuss 8 !ory ) o!r m5 ( sci5ce1 & n to lay x d[n z a matt] ( prov$ fact--:i*1 z we h se51 x 0 n--he w\ld nev] h be5 condemn$4 ,:il/ we may admit1 ) ,fa!r ,hull1 t a mi/ake 0 made 9 ?is case1 we may urge1 ) ,c>d9al ,newman1 t x is ! only case 9 :i* su* a ?+ has happ5$--surely a rem>kable fact4 ,x is n = want ( opportunities4 ,fa!r ,hull v prop]ly cites v>i\s cases :]e a l difficulty might possibly h aris51 b :]e1 z a matt] ( fact1 x has n4 ,= example1 ! geographical univ]sality ( ! ,deluge 0 at "o "t1 & t n s v long ago1 believ$ to be ass]t$ by ! ,bible2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 geologi/s seem$ to be able to %[1 & 9 ! ev5t did %[1 t su* a view 0 sci5tifically unt5able4 ,! att5tion ( !ologians hav+ be5 call$ to ?is matt]1 & a fur!r /udy made ( passages :i* until !n _h probably attract$ b little notice1 & q c]ta9ly _h nev] be5 consid]$ f ! new po9t ( view1 x became obvi\s t ! mean+ :i* _h be5 atta*$ to ! passages 9 "q 0 n ! necess>y mean+1 b on ! contr>y1 a /ra9$ int]pretation ( ! words4 ,no public fuss hav+ aris5 ab\t ?is p>ticul> difficulty1 ! :ole matt] 0 gradually & quietly dispos$ (4 ,z ,fa!r ,hull says1 ! new view gradually filt]$ d[n f le>n$ circles to ! man 9 ! /reet1 s t n[adays ! p>tiality ( ! ,deluge is a matt] ( commonplace k among all educat$ ,*ri/ians1 & is ev5 taught to ! ris+ g5]ation 9 elem5t>y s*ools4 ,9 accordance ) ! wise provisions ( ! ,encyclical ,provid5tissimus ,deus1 ) :i* all educat$ ,ca?olics %\ld make !mselves famili>1 conflicts h be5 avoid$ on ?is1 & on o!r po9ts1 su* z ! g5]al !ory ( evolution & ! v>i\s problems connect$ ) x2 ! antiquity ( man ^u ! e>? & o!r matt]s z to :i* sci5ce is /ill unc]ta94 ,"s ( ^! po9ts might seem to conflict ) ! ,bible & ! tea*+s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z ,ca?olics we c re/ assur$ t ! true explanation1 :5ev] x em]ges1 _c be oppos$ to ! consid]$ tea*+ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:at ! ,*ur* does--& surely x mu/ be cle> t f h] /&po9t %e c\ld n d less--is to in/ruct ,ca?olic m5 ( sci5ce n to proclaim z prov$ facts su* mod]n !ories--& !re are _m ( !m--z /ill rema9 :olly unprov$1 :5 ^! !ories are su* z might seem to conflict ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is is v f> f say+ t ,ca?olics are =bidd5 to /udy su* !ories4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y are enc\rag$ to d s1 & t1 ne$ x be said1 ) ! "o idea ( asc]ta9+ ! tru?8 ,m5 ( sci5ce1 ,ca?olic & o!rwise1 h1 z a m]e matt] ( fact1 be5 "t & aga9 enc\rag$ by ,popes & o!r ecclesia/ical au?orities to g on se>*+ = ! tru?1 nev]1 h[ev]1 neglect+ ! wise maxim t all ?+s mu/ be prov$4 ,s long z a !ory is unprov$1 x mu/ be c&idly admitt$ t x is a crime aga9/ sci5ce to proclaim x to be incontrov]tible tru?1 yet ?is crime is be+ committ$ e day4 ,x is really aga9/ x t ! magi/]ium ( ! ,*ur* is ex]cis$4 ,! :olesome discipl9e :i* %e ex]cises might also be ex]cis$ to ! great b5efit ( ! ord9>y read+ public by "s c5tral sci5tific au?ority1 c su* be imag9$1 end[$ ) ! "r to say 7& 9 any way likely to be li/5$ to73 ,su* & su* a /atem5t is int]e/+--ev5 extremely int]e/+--b s f> "o mu/ admit t no suffici5t pro( is =?com+ to e/abli% x z a fact3 x ought n1 !re=e1 to be spok5 ( z o!r ?an a !ory1 nor proclaim$ z fact4 ,su* con/ra9t :5 rightly reg>d$ is n or w\ld n be a %ackl+ ( ! human intellect1 b a k9dly & intellig5t guidance ( ^? unable to =m a prop] conclusion !mselves4 ,su* is ! idea ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! matt] ) :i* we h be5 deal+4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bc3 ,d>w9iana1 p4 #adg4 ,footnote #bd3 ,see1 = example1 8 ,life & ,lett]s1 i41 #cjg4 ,footnote #be3 ,hume1 ,engli% ,m5 ( ,lett]s ,s]ies1 p4 #ace4 ,footnote #bf3 ,( c\rse1 x may be argu$1 no ,fell[ ne$ h appli$ = an imprimatur2 he did x ex majori cantel z ! lawy]s say4 ,?is may be s1 b ! same applies to ! ecclesia/ical imprimatur4 ,footnote #bg3 ,! review f :i* ! foll[+ quotations are made appe>$ 9 ,nature on ,janu>y #bd1 #ahhi4 ,footnote #bh3 ,vol4 ii41 p4 #aac4 ,footnote #bi3 ,galileo & ,8 ,condemnation1 ,ca?olic ,tru? ,society ( ,engl&4 ,v4 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,! ,,w> ,among/ v>i\s important matt]s n[ br\ght to a %>p] focus 9 ! public eye1 few1 if any1 require m c>eful att5tion ?an t :i* is conc]n$ ) sci5ce1 its value1 its position1 its tea*+s1 & h[ x %\ld be taught4 ,no "o :o has foll[$ ! dome/ic difficulties due to our neglect ( ! w>n+s ( sci5tific m5 c fail to see h[ we h _h to suff] because ( ! lax conduct ( ^? responsible = ^! ?+s 9 ! pa/4 ,)9 ! fir/ few weeks aft] ! w> broke out--to take "o example--e m$ical man 0 ! recipi5t ( a docum5t tell+ him ( ! expect$ %ortage 9 a numb] ( important drugs & sugge/+ ! sub/itutes :i* he might employ4 ,x 0 a timely w>n+2 b x ne$ nev] h be5 issu$ if we _h n all[$ ! manufacture ( drugs1 & especially ^? ( ! s-call$ syn!tic gr\p1 to drift almo/ entirely into ! h&s ( ! ,badis*e ,anil9e ,fabrik1 & k9dr$ firms 9 ,g]many4 ,?is difficulty1 n[ p>tly ov]come1 is "o :i* nev] w\ld h aris5 b = ! deaf e> turn$ to ! w>n+s ( ! sci5tific *emi/s4 ,briti% ph>maceutical *emi/s1 ) "o or two exceptions1 _h be5 rely+ ^u =eign s\rces n only = syn!tic drugs b actually = ! raw mat]ials ( _m ( _! prep>ations--su*1 = example1 z aconite1 belladonna1 h5bane1 all ( :i* c be freely gr[n--:i* ev5 gr[ wild--9 ^! isl&s2 ev51 incr$ible z x may seem1 = foxglove leaves4 ,^! ?+s ) _m o!rs 7 import$ f ,g]many & ,au/ria4 ,"h aga9 leeway has _h to be made up2 b x ought nev] to h be5 necess>y1 & n[ t ! w> is ov] /eps %\ld be tak5 to see t x nev] ne$ be necess>y aga94 ,! enc\ragem5t ( ,briti% h]b-g>d5s & ( sci5tific exp]im5t !re9 on ! be/ me?od ( culture = ! raw mat]ial ( our organic m$ic9es mu/ c]ta9ly be matt]s e>ly tak5 9 h&4 ,! classical example ( ! mortal injury done to ,briti% manufacture by ! ,briti% manufactur]'s =m] contempt = ! sci5tific man is t ( ! anil9e dyes1 :i* are s closely associat$ ) ! syn!tic drugs z to =m "o subject ( discussion4 ,q e>ly 9 ! w> dye-/uffs ran %ort1 & !re 0 no means ( repl5i%+ ! /ock 9 ,brita91 nor ev5 9 ,am]ica1 ^! products hav+ =m$ ! /aple ( a colossal manufacture1 ) an enorm\s f9ancial turnov]1 9 ,g]many4 ,let u look at ! hi/ory ( ^! dyes4 ,! fir/ anil9e dye 0 discov]$ q by accid5t1 9 #ahef1 by ! late ,pr(essor ,w4 ,h4 ,p]k94 ,he call$ x mauve1 f ! ,fr5* ^w = ! mall[1 ! col\r ( ^: fl[] x some:at resembl$4 ,9 #ahfb !re 0 an ,int]national ,exhibition 9 ,london2 & ^? :o rememb]$ x & its pr$ecessor ( #ahea h decl>$ t ! case ( anil9e dye-/uffs--= by t "t q a numb] ( new pigm5ts _h be5 discov]$--excit$ at ! lat] ! same att5tion z t giv5 to ! ,koh-i-noor at ! e>li]4 ,! inv5tion1 out ( :i* grew ! enorm\s ,g]man bus9ess already allud$ to1 & ) :i* has be5 associat$ ! discov]y & manufacture ( ! syn!tic drugs1 0 entirely ,briti% 9 its inception & 9 its e>ly /ages4 ,moreov] ! raw mat]ials on :i* x dep5d$1 namely1 gas-t> products1 7 to be _h 9 great] abundance 9 ,engl& ?an any:]e else4 ,yet1 at ! "t :5 ! w> broke out1 ?is indu/ry _h be5 all[$ almo/ entirely to drift into ,g]man h&s4 ,h[ 0 ?is8 ,let an exp]t reply4 ,x 0 due1 he tells u1 to ! neglect ( ! repeat$ w>n+s :i* h be5 issu$ s9ce t "t 7viz4 #ahhj1 by :i* date ! ,g]mans _h succe$$ 9 captur+ ! trade 9 "q7 9 no unc]ta9 voice by ,meldola1 ,gre51 ! ,p]k9s 7fa!r & son71 & _m o!r ,engli% *emi/s4 ,fur!r1 he cont9ues1 two causes h inv>iably be5 indicat$ = ! transf] ( ?is indu/ry to ,g]many--fir/ ! neglect ( organic *emi/ry 9 ! ,univ]sities & colleges ( ?is c\ntry 7a neglect :i* has long ceas$71 & !n ! disreg>d by manufactur]s ( sci5tific me?ods & assi/ance & total indiff]5ce to ! practice ( rese>* 9 connection ) _! processes & products4 ,i rememb] talk+ "s tw5ty-five ye>s ago to a highly educat$ "y /ud5t ( ,birm+ham :o 0 ( ,g]man p>5tage ?\gh ( ,engli% bir?4 ,he _h j tak5 ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,sci5ce 9 ,london ,univ]sity1 & 0 on ! eve ( ab&on+ ! adopt$ c\ntry ( 8 p>5ts = a position 9 ! rese>* laboratories ( ! ,badis*e company1 :]e he w\ld be "o among a numb] ( *emi/s1 runn+ into hundr$s1 all engag$ 9 rese>* on gas-t> products4 ,at t mom5t ! great ,birm+ham gas-company 0 employ+ ! s]vices ( "o tra9$ *emi/4 ,su* 0 & is ! neglect ( sci5ce by bus9ess m54 ,c\ld x h be5 o!rwise1 consid]+ _! br++ up8 ,let me aga9 be rem9isc5t4 ,i suppose ! public s*ool 9 ,engl& 7n a ,ca?olic s*ool1 = ,i 0 !n a ,prote/ant7 at :i* ,i pursu$ :at 7 describ$ z /udies did n 9 any v m>k$ degree diff] f its si/] s*ools ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,h[ 0 sci5ce enc\rag$ !re8 ,"o h\r p] week1 exactly "o-fif? ( ! "t devot$ weekly1 n to ,greek & ,lat9 7t w\ld h be5 almo/ sacrilegi\s71 b to ! writ+ ( ,greek & ,lat9 prose & alleg$ ,greek & ,lat9 v]se--t 0 ! am\nt ( "t :i* 0 devot$ to :at 0 call$ sci5ce4 ,i suppose ,i _h an +ra9$ vocation = sci5ce1 = x 0 ! only subject1 except ,engli% composition1 9 :i* ,i ev] felt int]e/ at s*ool4 ,if ! vocation _h n be5 !re1 any int]e/ 9 ! subject mu/ necess>ily h be5 sla9 once = all 9 me1 z ,i am sure x 0 9 scores ( o!rs1 by ! way x 0 taught2 = ! in/ruction 0 confid$ to ! ord9>y =m-ma/]1 :o dol$ out 8 que/ions f a text-book p]functorily us$ & probably he>tily despis$ by a man br\ght up on /rict classical or ma!matical l9es4 ,our manufactur] is br\ght up 9 a s*ool ( ?is k9d1 & x w\ld be a miracle if he em]g$ f x ) any respect = sci5ce4 ,?+s h *ang$ n[1 & = ! bett]1 z !y h at mo/ ( ! ,univ]sities2 b we are deal+ ) ! g5]ation ( manufactur]s ( my age :o 7 l>gely responsible = ! neglects n[ 9 "q4 ,well1 ! boy left 8 s*ool & w5t to ,ox=d or ,cambridge1 nei!r ( :i* !n greatly enc\rag$ sci5ce4 ,its foll[]s 71 ,i believe1 kn[n z ,/9ks ,m54 ,at any rate x is only comp>atively rec5tly t we h se5 ! spl5did developm5ts ( to-day 9 ^? anci5t in/itutions4 ,"o relic ( ! anci5t days gives u an illum9at+ idea ( h[ ?+s us$ to be1 j z a fossil %[s u ! environm5t ( its day4#cj ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 has f9e provision = sci5tific tea*+1 & a highly compet5t /aff to tea*4 ,b 9 its con/itution x %[s ! attitude t[>ds sci5ce :i* till lately in=m$ ! old] ,univ]sities4 ,tr9ity ,college has 9 its ,fell[%ip sy/em "o ( ! mo/ important s]ies ( pecuni>y rew>ds p]haps 9 ,europe1 ( an educational "*4 ,a man has only once to pass an exam9ation1 admitt$ly "o ( great sev]ity & competitive 9 "*1 & !nce=w>d to g on liv+ respectably & do+ su* duties z are committ$ to him1 to be ensur$ an excell5t & increas+ income = life4 ,h[ great ! rew>ds are w be ga!r$ f ! fact t a di/+ui%$ occupant ( "o ( ^! positions "s ye>s ago endeav\r$--) complete success--to en=ce on me ! importance ( ! ,fell[%ip exam9ation by tell+ me t he _h already receiv$ ov] #ej1jjj 9 emolum5ts z a result ( 8 success4 ,he has receiv$ a good deal m s9ce1 & ,i hope w cont9ue to be ! recipi5t ( ?is %[] ( gold = _m ye>s to come4#ca ,no d\bt mu* might be urg$ = ?is sy/em1 :i* 0 = a long "t popul> 9 ,*9a = ! selection ( ,m&>9s1 & ,i am n criticis+ x "h4 ,:at ,i want to emphasise is t ! exam9ation = ^! valuable positions is ei!r classical or ma!matical1 & !re x ends4 ,! greate/ biologi/ 9 ! _w w\ld h z mu* *ance ( a ,fell[%ip z ! ragg$ ur*9 9 ! /reet unless he c\ld settle ,hoti's bus9ess or elucidate ,greek3 ,p or d o!r ?+s ( t k9d4 ,x is a lum9\s example ( :at 0--mu/ we say is8--?\ght ( sci5ce 9 c]ta9 academic circles4 ,( c\rse x may be urg$--,i h actually he>d x urg$--t no?+ is sci5ce save t :i* is treatable by ma!matical me?ods4 ,x 0 a k9d ( inv]t$ ,m4 ,j\rda9 :o us$ ?is argum5t1 a g5tleman :o imag9$ himself to h be5 tea*+ sci5ce dur+ a long life )\t ev] hav+ effect$ :at he suppos$ to be 8 object4 ,!n1 aga91 our manufactur]1 ^: object 9 life is to make money1 is naturally1 p]haps ev5 necess>ily1 affect$ by ! k9d ( sal>ies :i* highly tra9$ & highly em95t m5 ( sci5ce receive by way ( rew>d = _! "w4 ,few1 if any1 receive any?+ l ! emolum5ts atta*+ to ! position ( ,c\nty ,c\rt ,judge1 & ,i "k ( only "o case 9 :i* a ,pr(essor's income1 to ! delight & envy ( all ! tea*+ pr(ession1 actually1 = a few ye>s1 so>$ some:at ne> ! empyrean ( a ,puisne ,judge's rew>d4 ,p]haps ?is is n to be wond]$ at2 = ,p>liam5t always conta9s _m lawy]s1 & at ! mom5t1 ,i ?9k1 n a s+le sci5tific exp]t1 at lea/ among ! ,commons4 ,?is is n really a sordid argum5t1 ?\gh x may appe> s4 ,! lab\r]1 aft] all1 is wor?y ( 8 hire2 b 9 ! sci5tific _w x v1 v seldom happ5s t ! hire is wor?y ( ! lab\r]4 ,ev5 to ?is day !re is pl5ty ( tru? 9 ! description ( ! attitude ( ,mr4 ,meagles t[>ds ,mr4 ,doyce z detail$ by ! au?or ( ,little ,dorrit4 ,p]haps t is p>tly because x is g5]ally ! man ( bus9ess1 & n ! unhappy man ( sci5ce1 :o ga9s ! money produc$ by sci5tific discov]ies4 ,^! are (t51 if n usually1 made by accid5t1 & by a man on ! track ( some?+ else1 on ! elucidation ( :i* he is probably s int5t t he _c sp>e "t = side-issues1 v likely nev] ev5 ?9ks ( !m4 ,sir ,james ,dew> discov]$ ! pr9ciple ( ! ,!rmos flask :il/ he 0 work+ at ! exce$+ly difficult subject ( ! liquefaction ( air4 ,i hope ,sir ,james _h ! presci5ce to pat5t 8 discov]y1 & reap ! rew>d :i* 0 due to him2 b1 if he did1 he is "o among/ a ?\s& :o nev] took ?is tr\ble & ( :om ,sic vos non vobis might well be said4 ,:5 ,sabati] _h %[n ! importance ( comb9ations ( hydrog5 effect$ by :at is kn[n z a cataly/1 num]\s pat5ts 7 tak5 out--by o!r p1 ( c\rse--on :i* 7 f\nd$ v fl\ri%+ bus9esses4 ,sabati] pr(it$ by none ( ^!--s ,i und]/&4 ,he receiv$ a ,nobel prize = 8 discov]ies2 b ano!r ha? 8 h]itage4 ,?\gh sci5ce has n receiv$ any great enc\ragem5t1 yet 9 spite ( t--! cynic might say because ( t--x has made amaz+ progress dur+ ! pa/ half-c5tury4 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton some:]e notes t a "t may easily come :5 we %all see ! great outbur/ ( sci5ce 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury z some?+ q z spl5did1 brief1 unique1 & ultimately ab&on$ z ! outbur/ ( art at ! ,r5aissance4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 may be s1 b z to ! outbur/ !re c be no "q1 nor ( its p]si/5ce to ! pres5t day4 ,t also is surely a curi\s ph5om5on2 =1 z reg>ds mo/ o!r ?+s1 we seem to be 9 ! tr\gh ( ! wave1 & n m]ely 9 ^! isl&s b all ov] ! civilis$ _w4 ,9 ,art1 9 ,music1 9 ,lit]ature1 9 ! ,drama1 x w\ld be difficult to argue 9 fav\r ( a pre-em95ce1 or ev5 ( an equality ( ! pres5t age1 comp>+ x ) its pr$ecessors4 ,take ! politicians ( ! _w2 x is p]haps difficult1 ev5 fooli%1 = u :o are liv+ ) !m to prophesy ) any approximation ( accuracy :at ! hi/orian ( a future day may say ab\t !m4 ,he may sum !m up z respectable1 hone/ m$iocrities try+ to d _! be/ "u exceptionally difficult circum/ances2 he may put !m l[]2 he may put !m high]2 he may diff]5tiate betwe5 ^? ( diff]5t nations2 b !re is little d\bt t1 ) ! exception ( ! ,am]ican ,presid5t1 he w n be able to po9t to any "o ( ! calibre ( ,pitt or ( ,bism>ck or ( ! less sev]ely tri$ ,disraeli or ,glad/one4 ,b j ! rev]se is ! case 9 sci5ce1 :i* has m5 ( ! v fir/ rank liv+1 work+1 & discov]+ to-day4 ,!re are inde$ signs t ev5 our ,gov]nm5t is cognizant ( ?is4 ,! creation ( a ,dep>tm5t ( ,indu/rial ,sci5tific ,rese>*1 ! provision ( a sub/antial income = ! same1 ! increase ( rese>*-grants to le>n$ societies1 ^! & o!r ?+s %[ t "s attempt w be made to recognise ! value ( sci5ce to ! ,/ate4 ,fur!r1 ! lesson seems to h gone home to "s few at lea/ t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 :at h be5 absurdly call$ ,pure & ,appli$ ,sci5ce1 s9ce s v _m ,appli$ discov]ies--su* z ! ,!rmos--arose 9 ! c\rse ( :at c]ta9ly w\ld h be5 describ$ z ,pure rese>*es4 ,x is to ! public advantage t e educat$ p]son %\ld "k some?+ ab\t sci5ce2 nor is ?is by any means z big or difficult an a*ievem5t z "s may imag9e4 ,x is n necess>y to tea* any v l>ge numb] ( p]sons v mu* ab\t any p>ticul> sci5ce or gr\p ( sci5ces4 ,:at is really important is t p %\ld imbibe "s k ( sci5tific me?ods--( ! mean+ ( sci5ce4 ,?is c be done f ! /udy ( q a few fundam5tal propositions ( any "o sci5ce "u a good tea*]--a fir/ ess5tial4 ,any p]son ?us educat$ w1 = ! rema9d] ( 8 life1 be able at lea/ to und]/& :at is meant by sci5ce & ! sci5tific me?od ( approa*+ a problem4 ,he w n1 l an educational troglodyte at a rec5t ,conf]5ce1 refuse to describe any?+ z sci5ce :i* is n capable ( ma!matical treatm5t1 nor allude comp5di\sly to physiological /udy z ! cutt+ up ( frogs4 ,9 a ^w1 he w be an educat$ man1 :i* c no m be said ( "o ignorant ( sci5ce ?an x c be ( "o ^: m9d has nev] exp]i5c$ ! s(t5+ influ5ce ( lett]s4 ,s f>1 ev]ybody ^: op9ion c\nts seems to be agre$2 b 9 any plea = an ext5d$ & improv$ tea*+ ( sci5ce1 c]ta9 po9ts ought n to be left out ( c\nt4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 sci5ce is n ! key to all locks2 !re are _m important ?+s--"s ( ! mo/ important ?+s 9 life--) :i* x has no?+ :atev] to d4 ,x w be well to recall ,mr4 ,balf\r's words at ! op5+ ( ! ,national ,physical ,laboratory3 ,sci5ce dep5ds on measurem5t1 & ?+s n measurable are !re=e exclud$1 or t5d to be exclud$1 f its att5tion4 ,b ,life & ,beauty & ,happ9ess are n measurable4 ,if !re c\ld be a unit ( happ9ess1 politics might beg9 to be sci5tific4 ,x foll[s t !re are a numb] ( subjects on :i* ! sci5tific man is j z fit1 or z unfit1 to express an op9ion z any o!r man4 ,! int5se preoccupation :i* s]i\s sci5tific /udies dem&1 may r5d] ! man :o is engag$ !re9 ev5 less compet5t to express an op9ion on ali5 subjects ?an "o ^: att5tion1 less conc5trat$1 has "t to range ov] div]se fields ( /udy4 ,read]s ( ,d>w9's ,life w rememb] 8 confession t he _h lo/ all ta/e = music1 art1 & lit]ature2 t he c\ld n endure to read a l9e ( poetry & f\nd ,%akespe>e s intol]ably dull t x nauseat$ him2 & f9ally1 t 8 m9d seem$ to h become a k9d ( ma*9e = gr9d+ g5]al laws out ( a l>ge collection ( facts4 ,despite ?is w>n+ z to ! limits ( sci5ce1 we h no lack ( in/ances ( sci5tific m5 pos+ z au?orities on subjects on :i* !y _h no real "r to be he>d1 &1 :at is worse1 be+ accept$ z su* by ! un9/ruct$ cr[d4 ,?us ,pr(essor ,huxley1 :o1 z "s "o once said1 made sci5ce respectable1 0 wont to utt] pontifical pron\ncem5ts on ! subject ( ,home ,rule = ,irel&4 ,8 k ( t c\ntry 0 q rudim5t>y1 & 8 visits to x _h be5 z few & z brief z if he _h be5 its ,sov]eign2 b t did n prev5t him f deliv]+ judgm5t1 nor un=tunately det] _m f foll[+ t judgm5t z if x _h be5 inspir$4 ,i am n n[ argu+ z to ! rights & wrongs ( ,huxley's view on ! matt] 9 "q3 ,i h my own op9ion on t4 ,:at ,i am urg+ is t 8 position1 :e!r z a zoologi/ or1 incid5tally1 z a great ma/] ( ! ,engli% language1 9 no way entitl$ him to express an op9ion or r5d]$ him a bett] au?ority on su* a "q ?an any casual fell[-travell] 9 a railway c>riage might easily be4 ,?is is bad en\gh2 b :at is f> worse is :5 sci5tific exp]ts on ! /r5g? ( _! /udy ( ,nature assume ! "r ( utt]+ judicial pron\ncem5ts on moral & sociological que/ions1 judgm5ts "s at lea/ ( :i* are subv]sive ( bo? dec5cy & lib]ty4 ,?us we h lately be5 told t x is wanton cruelty to keep a weak or sickly *ild alive2 & ! m$ical man1 "u a re=m$ sy/em ( m$ical e?ics1 is to h leave & lic5ce to put an end to its life 9 a pa9less mann]4 ,to :at enormities & da/>dly agreem5ts ?is might lead ne$ h>dly be sugge/$2 & ,i am q confid5t t ! memb]s ( ! hon\rable pr(ession ( physic1 to :i* ,i am pr\d to belong1 h no desire :atev] = su* a re=m ( ! law or ( _! e?ics4 ,!n we are told 9 ! same address 7,bateson1 ,briti% ,association ,addresses 9 ,au/ralia1 #aiad7 t on ! :ole a decl9e 9 ! bir?-rate is r a good ?+1 & t families av]ag+ f\r *ildr5 are q en\gh to keep ! _w go+ com=tably4 ,! date ( ?is address w be not$2 & ! fact t ! w>1 :i* 0 !n j beg9n+1 has probably caus$ its au?or & has caus$ ev]ybody else to see ! utt] futility ( su* ass]tions4 ,h[ev]1 if we are to re> only f\r *ildr5 p] m>riage1 & if we are to give ! m$ical man lib]ty to we$ out ! weakl+s1 x behoves u to see t ! *ildr5 :om we produce are ( ! be/ quality4 ,let u1 !re=e1 hie to ! /ud-f>m1 obs]ve its me?ods & proce$ to apply !m to ! human race4 ,we mu/ def9itely prev5t feeble-m9d$ p]sons f propagat+ _! species4 ,)9 limits1 t is a proposition ) :i* all in/ruct$ p]sons w\ld agree1 ?\gh few1 we imag9e1 w\ld put _! op9ions s un*>itably z ! lectur] did3 ,! union ( su* social v]m9 we %\ld no m p]mit ?an we w\ld all[ p>asites to bre$ on our own bodies4 ,b we mu/ g f>!r ?an ?is1 & introduce all sorts ( re/rictions on matrimony1 until f9ally x comes to be a matt] to be arrang$ "u rigid laws by a jury ( eld]ly p]sons--all1 we may feel p]fectly sure1 cranks ( ! fir/ wat]4 ,9 :at milieu are _! f9d+s to take effect8 ,x is v important to consid] t4 ,! au?or f :om ,i h be5 quot+ tells u :at we want to "k4 ,man1 he tells u1 is a r long-liv$ animal1 ) great p[]s ( enjoym5t1 if he does n delib]ately =go !m4 ,9 ! pa/1 we are told1 sup]/iti\s & my?ical ideas ( s9 h pr$om9antly controll$ ^! p[]s4 ,we h *ang$ all t n[2 z ! p>5t 9 ,pun* says to ! cry+ *ild by ! sea%ore1 ,y've come out to enjoy y\rself1 & enjoy y\rself y %all6 ,s we are to plunge into ! :irlpool ( eug5ic delights )\t any fe> ( t bugbe> ( a hell :i* ano!r writ] congratulates u on gett+ rid (4 ,we c1 x appe>s1 ent] ^u our eug5ic exp]im5t )\t a s+le moral scruple to re/ra9 u or a s+le religi\s re/riction to int]f]e ) u4 ,9 ?is soil is ! plant to be gr[n1 & ! fir/ we$ to be eradicat$ is t ( ! "r ( p]sonal *oice ( a p>tn] = life1 or = su* o!r t]m z ! law "u ! new rgime may require4 ,jack is to be torn f weep+ ,jill1 & h&$ ov] to reluctant ,joan1 to :om he is p]sonally displeas+ & = :om he has n ! slighte/ desire1 & h&$ ov] because ! ,bre$+ ,committee ?9k x is likely to prove advantage\s = ! ,com+ ,race4 ,all t may be possible--or may n--b :at !n8 ,:5 y are c>ry+ out ,m5delian exp]im5ts on peas1 y c enclose y\r fl[]s 9 musl9 bags & prev5t any?+ int]f]+ ) y\r obs]vations4 ,& 9 ! /ud-f>m y c keep ! occupants %ut up4 ,b :at are y go+ to d ) ,jack8 & ) ,jill8 ,& /ill m ) ,joan8 ,!y _c be p]man5tly isolat$1 nei!r are !y re/ra9$ by any my?ical ideas ( s94 ,!y h be5 educat$ to ! idea t _! highe/ duty is to enjoy !mselves4 ,:y %\ld !y n d :at !y l8 ,& consequ5tly1 z any reason+ p]son c see1 ,! ,inevitable mu/ happ52 & :]e is y\r exp]im5t & :]e ! ,com+ ,race8 ,x is p]fectly useless = doctr9aires to argue1 z doctr9aires w1 ab\t e?ical re/ra9ts4 ,nature has no e?ical re/ra9ts2 & any e?ical re/ra9ts :i* man has come f t high] nature ( 8 :i* he does n %>e ) ! l[] creation4 ,:at ^? :om ! late ,mr4 ,devas s aptly call$ aft]-,*ri/ians always =get is t ! humane1 ! ,*ri/ian side ( life1 :i* !y z well z o!rs exhibit1 is due to ! influ5ce1 l+]+ if y l1 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y ignore or =get ! pit out ( :i* !y 7 digg$4 ,by ano!r ,eug5i/ we are told t willy-nilly e s\nd1 heal?y p]son ( ei!r sex mu/ get m>ri$ or at lea/ betake him or h]self to ! bus9ess ( propagat+ ! race4 ,t at lea/ is ! ess5ce ( 8 s+ul>ly (f5sive dictum t s9ce ! celibacy ( ! ,ca?olic cl]gy & ( memb]s ( ,religi\s ,ord]s deprives ! ,/ate ( a numb] ( presumably excell5t p>5ts1 if mona/ic ord]s & in/itutions are to cont9ue1 !y %\ld be op5 only to ! eug5ically unfit4#cb ,if ! religi\s call is n to be p]mitt$ to disp5se a man or woman f ent]+ ! e/ate ( matrimony1 x may be assum$ t no?+ else1 except an unfav\rable report f ! committee ( selection1 w d s4 ,&1 fur!r1 z ! "o object ( all ?is is to br+ sup]-*ildr5 into ! _w1 we mu/ also assume t ^? :o fail 9 ?is duty w f9d !mselves 9 p]il ( ! law4 ,surely :at has be5 set d[n %[s t :atev] sci5tific reputation ! writ]s 9 "q possess1 & x is und5iably great1 x has n equipp$ !m1 "o w n m]ely say ) moral or religi\s ideas1 b ) an ord9>y k ( human nature4 ,x has n equipp$ !m ) any conception app>5tly ( political possibilities2 & x has left !m )\t any ( t sav+ salt1 a s5se ( hum\r4 ,l ,huxley1 !y h />t$ out to give op9ions )\t fir/ hav+ made !mselves famili> ) ! subject on :i* !y 7 to deliv] judgm5t4 ,x is p]haps little to be wond]$ at t ! int5se preoccupation :i* ! /udy ( sci5ce entails %\ld t5d to induce ^? ^: att5tion is con/antly fix$ on ,nature to imag9e t f ,nature c be drawn n only lessons ( physical life b lessons also ( conduct4 ,( c\rse ?is is q wrong2 = ,nature has no moral lesson to tea* u4 ,we are told to g to ! ant--at lea/ ! slugg>d is--b = :at8 ,to am5d 8 slugg>dl9ess4 ,no "o has ev] sugge/$ t we %\ld g to ,nature to le>n to be humble1 k9dly1 unselfi%1 tol]ant1 & ,*ri/ian1 9 our deal+s ) o!rs2 & = ?is excell5t reason1 t none ( ^! ?+s c be le>nt f ,nature4 ,sci5ce is nei!r moral nor immoral1 b non-moral2 &1 z we h se5 a ?\s& times 9 ?is pres5t w>1 its k9de/ gifts to man c be us$1 & are us$1 = 8 cruel de/ruction4 ,9 ?is w>1 pre-em95tly among/ all w>s1 we h ! application ( pure natural pr9ciples unameliorat$ by ! influ5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 or ( *ivalry1 ,*ri/ianity's (fspr+4 ,z ,sir ,rob]t ,bord5 has summ$ x up1 ,g]man kultur is an attempt to impose ^u u ! law ( ! jungle4 ,natural ,selection1 "s w\ld h u believe1 is ! dom9ant law ( liv+ nature1 & all w\ld agree t x is an important law4 ,let u !n1 if we are to foll[ ,nature1 put x into practice4 ,b ,natural ,selection means ! ,survival ( ! ,fitte/ 9 ! ,/ruggle = ,life4 ,x consequ5tly means ! ,ext]m9ation ( ! ,less ,fit1 a little fact (t5 left out ( c\nt4 ,x means 9 ?ree words ,might is ,"r1 & 0 n t exactly ! proposition by :i* we 7 confront$ 9 ?is w>8 ,if ,natural ,selection be our only guide1 let u s9k hospital %ips1 de/roy innoc5t villages & t[ns1 ext]m9ate our weak] oppon5ts 9 any way t seems be/ to u4 ,x 0 all summ$ up c5turies ago by ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,wisdom3 ,let u oppress ! poor j man1 & n sp>e ! wid[1 nor hon\r ! anci5t grey hairs ( ! ag$4 ,b let y\r /r5g? be ! law ( ju/ice3 = t :i* is feeble is f\nd to be no?+ wor?4 ,t is ,natural ,selection 9 op]ation 9 human life :5 human be+s h be5 /ripp$ ( all my?ical ideas ( ,s93 n a pretty picture nor a condition ( affairs "u :i* we %\ld l long to exi/4 ,"s ( ! o!r resemblances are less dreadful1 b none ! less in/ructive4 ,let u take ! matt] ( ,mimicry4 ,!re is a =m ( protective mimicry :]eby ! liv+ ?+ is l unto its surr\nd+s1 & ?us escapes its enemy4 ,we f9d x 9 w>f>e 9 ! use ( khaki dress1 9 :ite ov]alls 9 sn[-"t1 9 o!r su* exp$i5ts4 ,b !re is also a =m ( ,aggressive ,mimicry 9 :i* a deadly ?+ makes itself look l some?+ innoc5t1 z ! wolf tri$ to look 9 ,little ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood4 ,! ,g]mans 7 beg9n+ _! attack on ,haumont4 ,_! front-l9e skirmi%]s1 to ?r[ u into confusion1 _h donn$ caps :i* 7 a fa9t imitation ( our own1 & also provid$ !mselves ) ,r$ ,cross brass>ds 7,! ,battle ( ,v]dun4 ,h4 ,dug>d74 ,n to be t$i\s on ?is po9t1 :i* really does n require to be lab\r$1 let me f9i% ) "o quotation f a vivid s]ies ( w>-pictures4 ,boyd ,cable is writ+ ( m5 9 ! tr5*es3 ,civilis$ ,man1 9 8 late/ art ( w>1 has gone back to be taught "o m simple lesson by ! bea/ ( ! field & ! birds ( ! air2 ! arm$ ho/s are hu%$ & /ill$ by ! pass+ air-ma*9e1 exactly z ! f9*es & field-mice ( h$g][ & dit* & field are froz5 to /illness by ! %ad[ ( a hov]+ hawk1 ! beat ( its pass+ w+4 ,no2 an exi/5ce pass$ "u conditions ( ?is k9d & z ! normal /ate ( affairs is n an exi/5ce to be contemplat$ ) equanimity4 ,we are anxi\s t sci5ce & sci5tific tea*+ %\ld be assi/$ 9 e possible way4 ,b let u be q cle> t :ile sci5ce has mu* to tea* u & we mu* to le>n f h]1 !re are ?+s z to :i* %e has no message to ! _w4 ,! ,m9or ,prophets ( sci5ce are nev] tir$ ( advis+ !ologians to keep _! h&s (f sci5ce4 ,! ,major ,prophets are too busy to occupy !mselves ) su* polemics4 ,b ! !ologian is abundantly 9 8 "r 9 say+ to ! sci5tific writ] ,h&s (f morals6 = ) morality sci5ce has no?+ to d4 ,let u at any rate avoid t =m ( kultur :i* consi/s 9 b5d+ ,natural ,hi/ory to ! tea*+ ( conduct1 uncorrect$ by any ,*ri/ian injunctions to s(t5 its b>b>ities4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #cj3 ,s9ce ^! l9es 7 writt51 ?is /ate ( affairs has come to an end & ! fir/ ,fell[ has be5 elect$ = 8 purely sci5tific atta9m5ts1 9 ! p]son ( ! di/+ui%$ geologi/1 ,pr(essor ,joly1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,footnote #ca3 ,x 0 ! late di/+ui%$ ,provo/1 ,sir ,john ,mahaffy1 at ^: in/ance ! *ange 9 ! ,fell[%ip sy/em 0 introduc$4 ,footnote #cb3 ,conklyn1 ,h]$ity & ,environm5t 9 ! ,developm5t ( ,m54 ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiae4 ,,vi4 ,,h]$ity ,,& ,,arrangem5t ,"s ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 0 deliv]+ a lecture at ! ,ca!dral ,hall ( ,we/m9/]1 9 ! c\rse ( ! que/ion+ :i* took place at ! t]m9ation ( ! disc\rse1 :i* 0 on vitalism1 ,i 0 ask$ by "o :o sign$ 8 pap]1 ,s & ,s1 ,a!i/1 ,:at w\ld y say if y saw a duck come out ( a h5's egg8 ,i recognis$ at once ! idea at ! back ( ! "q & appreciat$ ! fact t x _h be5 ask$ by "o :o1 z "s "o has said1 call$ himself an advanc$ free-?9k]1 b 0 really a v ignorant & vulg> p]son :o 0 suff]+ f a surfeit ( ! ideas ( c]ta9 p clev]] ?an himself4 ,b1 z a full discussion ( ! matt] w\ld h tak5 at lea/ z long z ! lecture :i* ,i _h j conclud$1 my reply 0 t be=e ,i attempt$ to expla9 x ,i w\ld wait to see ! duck come out ( ! h5's egg1 s9ce no man _h z yet witness$ su* an ev5t4 ,i d n "k :e!r my a!i/ical que/ion] 0 satisfi$ or n1 b ,i he>d no m ( him4 ,b1 aft] all1 is x n a m>vell\s ?+ t a duck nev] does come out ( a h5's egg8 ,if ev]y?+ happ5s by *ance1 z "s w\ld h u believe1 :y is x t a duck does n occasionally em]ge f a h5's egg8 ,surely ?is is a miraculum1 a ?+ to be wond]$ at1 yet s common t x goes unnotic$1 l _m o!r wond]ful ?+s :i* are also matt]s ( common ev]yday occurr5ce1 su* z ! sp9n+ ( ! e>? on its own axis & its c\rse r\nd ! sun & ?r\gh ! heav5s4 ,if we pursue ?is "q fur!r we %all beg9 to rememb] t creatures m ne>ly relat$ to "o ano!r also bre$ true4 ,! h5 & ! duck are bo? birds1 b !y are n s ne>ly alli$ to "o ano!r z ! lion & ! tig]1 bo? ( :i* are ,felid1 or cats4 ,yet no "o ev] expects t a tig] w be born ( a lioness1 or vice v]sa4 ,fur!r1 ! pug & ! greyh\nd are bo? ( !m dogs3 ! "n canis dome/icus applies to bo?1 & "o w\ld be di/+ui%$ f ! o!r 9 a sci5tific li/ z ,v>4 7i4e4 v>iety7 'pug1' or ,v>4 'greyh\nd4' ,yet "o c imag9e ! surprise ( a bre$] if a greyh\nd 0 born 9 8 c>efully select$ & gu>d$ k5nel ( pugs4 ,9 a ^w1 n only species1 b v>ieties d t5d to bre$ true2 ! *ild does resemble its p>5t or p>5ts4 ,no d\bt ! resemblance is n absolute3 !re is v>iation z well z inh]itance4 ,sometimes ! v>iation may be recognis$ z a feature possess$ by a gr&p>5t or ev5 by "s collat]al relative su* z an uncle or great-uncle2 sometimes ?is may n be ! case1 ?\gh ! non-recognition ( ! lik5ess does n 9 any way preclude ! possibility t ! peculi>ity may h be5 also possess$ by "s o!r memb] ( ! family4 ,b on ! :ole ! (fspr+ does closely resemble its p>5ts2 t is to say1 n only ! species & ! v>iety b ! individual bre$s true4 ,look l dey are ble$z$ to take att] d] pa1 z ,uncle ,remus said :5 he 0 expla9+ h[ ! rabbit comes to h a bobtail4 ,moreov] ?is resemblance is n m]ely 9 ! great g5]al features4 ,ap>t f mon/rosities1 ! *ildr5 ( human be+s are human be+s2 ! *ildr5 ( :ite p>5ts h :ite sk9s1 ^? ( black prog5itors are black4 ,commonly1 ?\gh n always by any means1 ! *ildr5 ( d>k-hair$ p>5ts are !mselves d>k-hair$1 & s on4 ,b small] features are also transmitt$1 & transmitt$ too = _m g5]ations2 = example1 ! well-kn[n case ( ! ,hapsburg lip1 visible 9 s _m portraits ( ,spani% mon>*s & _! ne> relatives1 & visible 9 life to-day4 ,aga91 !re are families 9 :i* ! inn] "p ( "o eyebr[ has ! hairs gr[+ upw>ds in/ead ( 9 ! ord9>y way1 a feature :i* is h&$ on f "o g5]ation to ano!r4 ,ev5 m m9ute features ?an ?is h be5 kn[n to be transmissible & transmitt$1 su* z a t9y pit 9 ! sk9 on ! e> or on ! face4 ,9 fact1 !re is h>dly any feature1 no matt] h[ small1 :i* may n become a h]$it>y possession4 ,if 9-&-9 bre$+ occur1 z x may d among/ human be+s 9 a locality mu* remov$ f o!r places ( habitation1 x may ev5 happ5 t :at may be look$ ^u z a v>iety ( ! human race may arise1 ?\gh :5 x arises x is always easy to wipe x out & re/ore ?+s to ! normal by ! introduction ( fre% blood1 to use ! mislead+ t]m commonly employ$1 :]e ! ,biblical ^w se$ comes mu* ne>] to ! facts4 ,?us !re is a well-au!nticat$ case 9 ,france 79 ,brittany if ,i rememb] "r7 ( a six-f+]$ race :i* exi/$ = a numb] ( g5]ations 9 a v isolat$ place & 0 re/or$ to five-f+]$ness :5 an increase 9 ! popul\sness ( ! di/rict p]mitt$ a wid] selection 9 ! matt] ( m>riages4 ,& simil>ly1 n long ago an acc\nt 0 publi%$ ( an alb9o race some:]e 9 ,canada :i* _h acquir$ a special "n4 ,p]haps x has be5 wip$ out by ?is "t by wid] m>riages1 ?\gh ^! might be effect$ ) great] difficulty by alb9os ?an by six-f+]$ p]sons4 ,at any rate no "o c d\bt t x might at any "t be wip$ out by su* m>riages1 ?\gh ev5 :5 app>5tly wip$ out1 sporadic cases might be expect$ to occur3 :at ! bre$]s call ?r[s-back1 :5 !y see an animal :i* resembles "s ance/or fur!r back 9 ! l9e ( desc5t ?an its actual prog5itors4 ,c]ta9ly ! mo/ rem>kable in/ance ( ! reliance :i* we h come to feel respect+ ?is matt] ( inh]itance is t :i* 0 af=d$ by a rec5t case ( disput$ pat]nity int]e/+ on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic1 s9ce ! ev5ts 9 dispute occurr$ 9 ,am]ica & ! prop]ty & ! dispute conc]n+ x 7 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 obvi\sly a mo/ difficult & disputable case1 b ! judge1 a %rewd obs]v]1 notic$1 :5 ! putative fa!r 0 9 ! box1 a feature 9 8 c\nt5ance :i* seem$ closely to resemble :at 0 to be se5 9 ! *ild :i* he claim$ to be 8 own4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( ! p>5ts & ( ! *ild 0 made by an em95t sculptor1 accu/om$ to m9ute obs]vation ( small features ( v>iety 9 ^? sitt+ to him z models4 ,he report$ & %[$ to ! c\rt t !re 7 rem>kable features 9 ! head ( ! *ild :i* resembl$1 on ! "o h& an unusual configuration 9 ! "m--or ! woman :o claim$ to be ! "m--& on ! o!r a well-m>k$ feature 9 h] husb&4 ,& z a result ! fa!r & "m won _! case1 & 7 proclaim$ ! p>5ts ( ! *ild because ( ! resemblance ( ^! features2 &1 if we ?9k = a mom5t1 we %all see1 because also ( ! reliance :i* ! human race has come to place 9 ! fidelity ( inh]itance1 ( its p]fect c]ta9ty1 s to speak1 t a duck w n come out ( a h5's egg1 & ! fact ( ?is reliance on a g5]ally receiv$ tru? rema9s1 :atev] may be said z to ! legal aspect ( su* evid5ce4 ,inh]itance is a fact recognis$ by ev]ybody1 & ! only reason :y we refuse to wond] at x is because1 l o!r wond]ful yet ev]yday facts1 su* z ! gr[? ( a great tree f a t9y se$1 x is s ev]yday t we h ceas$ to wond] at x4 ,x is !re3 we "k t4 ,b h we any k9d ( idea h[ x comes ab\t8 ,! duck does n1 z a matt] ( common exp]i5ce1 come out ( a h5's egg4 ,:y does x come out ( a duck's egg8 ,:y doesn't x come out1 if only r>ely1 f a h5's egg8 ,9 o!r words1 d we "k :at x is t expla9s inh]itance or h[ x is t !re is su* a ?+ z inh]itance8 ,well1 c&\r obliges me to say t we d n4 ,9 spite ( all ! "w :i* has be5 exp5d$ ^u ?is "q we are totally ignorant ( ! me*anism ( h]$ity4 ,nev]!less x w be in/ructive to glance at ! !ories :i* h be5 put =w>d to expla9 ?is matt]4 ,all liv+ ?+s spr+ f a small g]m1 & 9 ! va/ majority ( cases ?is g]m is ! product 9 "p ( ! male & 9 "p ( ! female p>5t4 ,x is !re=e natural t we %\ld 9 ! fir/ place turn our att5tion to ?is g]m & ask ourselves :e!r !re is any?+ 9 its con/ruction :i* w give u ! key ( ! my/]y4 ,!re is n1 at lea/ !re is no?+ def9ite z %[n by our mo/ p[]ful microscopes4 ,to be sure !re is a rem>kable sub/ance1 call$ *romat9 because ( its capacity = tak+ up c]ta9 dyes1 :i* evid5tly plays "s pr(\ndly important "p 9 ! processes ( developm5t4 ,we may suspect t ?is is ! ?+ :i* c>ries ! physical *>act]i/ics f "o g5]ation to ano!r1 b we _c prove x2 & ?\gh "s au?orities ?9k t x is1 o!rs d5y x4 ,ev5 if x be1 x c h>dly be suppos$ t microscopic rese>* w ev] be able to e/abli% ! fact1 & t = reasons :i* mu/ n[ be expla9$4 ,let u suppose t we visit a va/ botanic g>d51 & 9 ! se$-"t ( ea* ( ! plants !re9 conta9$ select f ea* plant a s+le ripe se$4 ,x is cle> t1 if we take home t collection ( se$s1 we %all h 9 !m a m9iature picture ( ! g>d5 f :i* !y 7 cull$1 or at lea/ we %all be 9 possession ( ! pot5tiality ( su* a g>d51 =1 if we s[ ^! se$s & h ! good =tune to see !m all develop1 take root & gr[1 we %all actually possess a replica ( ! g>d5 f :i* !y came4 ,n exactly1 x may be urg$1 = ! di/ribution or arrangem5t ( ! se$s mu/ h be5 c>efully look$ to1 if ! g>d5s are to resemble ea* o!r o!rwise ?an 9 ! m]e possession ( id5tical plants4 ,i admit ! tru? ( ?is1 b _c = ! mom5t discuss x4 ,at any rate we %\ld h ! same plants 9 bo? g>d5s4 ,on ?is analogy1 _m h sugge/$ t e organ 9 ! body--we mu/ g fur!r1 & say t e m>k$ feature 9 e organ 9 ! body--is repres5t$ 9 ! g]m by a se$ :i* c gr[1 "u fav\rable circum/ances1 into j su* ano!r organ or feature ( an organ4 ,?is 0 ! !ory put =w>d by ,d>w9 "u ! "n ( pang5esis1 & by o!rs "u o!r titles ) :i* x is unnecess>y to burd5 ^! pages4 ,all ^! !ories h be5 summ$ toge!r "u ! "n microm]i/ic1 t is small-fragm5t$1 or aga91 p>ticulate1 s9ce !y all po/ulate ! exi/5ce 9 ! g]m ( innum]able small fragm5ts--se$s--:i* are capable ( gr[+ into complete plants or organs "u fav\rable circum/ances4 ,aga91 ?is1 ev5 if true1 does n by any means exhau/ ! matt]1 = x does n expla9 :y ! se$ ( ! eye implants itself & gr[s 9 ! "r place 9 ! head in/ead ( mak+ a home = itself1 let u say1 9 ! sole ( ! foot4 ,b aga9 we mu/ pass ov] t matt]4 ,!re is no?+ inh]5tly impossible 9 ?is !ory2 inde$1 if we all[ t ! transmission ( inh]itable *>act]i/ics is purely mat]ial1 & x may be1 !re is only "o o!r conceivable way 9 :i* x c occur4 ,x is true t ! se$s mu/ be almo/ innum]able1 b ! g]m1 ?\gh small1 is capable ( accommodat+ an almo/ innum]able numb] ( indep5d5t factors1 if ! preval5t views z to ! con/itution ( matt] are to be believ$4 ,&1 z x is q inconceivable t we c ev] h microscopes :i* c\ld detect su* m9ute objects z ! ultimate bricks ( :i* ! atom--no1 n ev5 ! atoms !mselves :i* compose ! g]m--consi/s1 x is impossible t we %\ld be able to say t ! se$-!ory is untrue4 ,ev5 if we c\ld see ^! ultimate con/itu5ts x is 9 ! la/ degree unlikely t !y w\ld h any resemblance to ! ?+s :i* are1 on ?is !ory to gr[ f !m1 any m ?an ! acorn resembles ! oak :i* is to spr+ f x4 ,b obs]ve6 ! g]m on ?is view mu/ conta9 n only se$s f ! imm$iate p>5ts b f _m1 p]haps all1 ( ! old] g5]ations ( ! family1 o!rwise h[ are we to acc\nt = ! appe>ance ( ance/ral peculi>ities :i* ! fa!r & "m d n %[8 ,moreov]1 s9ce v m9ute ?+s1 l ! inn] angle ( ! eyebr[1 may indep5d5tly v>y1 !re mu/ be an enorm\s numb] ( se$s ap>t altoge!r f ! consid]ations allud$ to 9 ! la/ p>agraph4 ,& _m au?orities :o h closely consid]$ ! "q h come to ! conclusion t ! complexities introduc$ w\ld be s great t x is impossible to believe 9 any microm]i/ic !ory4 ,!n1 ( c\rse1 we mu/ look out = "s o!r explanation1 & "s h sugge/$ t x is to be f\nd 9 memory--! memory ( ! g]m ( :at x 0 once "p & ! anticipation ( :at x may once m be4 ,?is aga9 is an explanation n susceptible ( pro( along ! l9es ( a *emical exp]im5t1 b n necess>ily1 !re=e1 untrue4 ,( c\rse !re are two ideas z to memory4 ,if we are pure mat]iali/s & imag9e e memory 9 our possession z some?+ /amp$1 9 "s :olly incompreh5sible mann]1 on "s cell ( our bra9 & look$ at !re1 by "s :olly inconceivable ag5cy1 :5 we sit d[n to ?9k ( pa/ days1 !n we mu/ look on ! g]m1 "u ! mnemic or memory !ory z consi/+ ( fragm5ts ea* ( !m impress$ ) ! memory ( "s p>ticul> organ or feature ( ! body1 & lo6 we f9d ourselves back aga9 9 microm]ism4 ,if we are to take a non-mat]iali/ic view ( memory we are plung$ into a metaphysical discussion :i* _c "h be pursu$4 ,a ?ird explanation1 :i* by ! way expla9s no?+1 is t ! :ole matt] is "o ( arrangem5t1 to :i* we %all return at ! close ( ?is pap]4 ,! me*anism ( inh]itance mu/ ei!r be physical#cc or x mu/ be non-physical2 t is1 immat]ial4 ,?is is :at em]ges f our discussion1 & s f> z sci5ce goes to-day x mu/ be admitt$ t nei!r ( ^! explanations c be said to be accept$ g5]ally by m5 ( sci5ce or prov$--p]haps ev5 capable ( pro(--by sci5tific me?ods4 ,if we "k little or no?+ ab\t ! me*anism ( inh]itance1 c we & d we "k any?+ ab\t ! laws "u :i* x works1 or has x any laws8 ,or are its op]ations a m]e *ance-m$ley8 ,x is h>dly necess>y to ask ! latt] "q1 = *ance-m$ley c\ld n lead to regul> op]ations--op]ations s regul> t a c\rt ( law may act ^u _! evid5ce4 ,yes3 we answ] to ! fir/ "q v lightly b )\t p]haps always ?9k+ :at t affirmative answ] implies1 a po9t to be consid]$ 9 a mom5t4 ,x may at once be said t we d n[ "k a good deal ab\t ! laws "u :i* inh]itance works itself out1 & t k1 z mo/ p are n[ aw>e1 is due to ! quiet & = a "t =gott5 lab\rs ( ,johann ,gregor ,m5del1 once ,abbot ( ! ,augu/9ian ,abbey ( ,brnn1 a prelate ( t ,*ur* :i* l\d-voic$ ignoramuses are nev] tir$ ( proclaim+ to h be5 f ! beg9n+ ev5 d[n to ! pres5t day ! impassion$ & deadly enemy ( all sci5tific progress4 ,m5del saw t =m] work]s at inh]itance _h be5 direct+ _! att5tion to ! t\t ensemble ( an individual or natural object2 8 idea 0 analytical 9 its nature1 = he direct$ 8 att5tion to individual *>act]i/ics1 su* z /ature or col\r1 or ! l4 ,& hav+ ?us direct$ 8 att5tion & conf9$ 8 lab\rs ma9ly to plants1 s9ce ! /udy ( g5]ations ( mo/ animals is too l5g?y a process = "o man to c>ry out1 he did 9 fact discov] t !re are v def9ite laws1 capable ev5 ( num]ical /atem5t1 "u :i* inh]itance acts4 ,!re is no ne$ to expla9 or discuss !m "h3 suffice x to say t !re are su* laws1#cd z is n[ admitt$ by an ov]:elm+ majority ( ! biologi/s ( to-day4 ,m5del's facts 7 hidd5 9 a some:at obscure j\rnal2 !y lay dormant1 mu* to 8 annoyance1 dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,ye>s aft] 8 dea? 8 pap]s 7 une>!d1 & 8 discov]ies h be5 proclaim$ z be+ z fundam5tal to biology z ^? ( ,newton & ,dalton to o!r sci5ces4 ,!re are1 !n1 laws4 ,t means "o ( two ?+s3 ei!r t ^! laws arose by *ance-m$ley1 or t "s "o enact$ !m4 ,x seems impossible1 :5 "o surveys ! ord]ly op]ations ( ,nature1 among :i* are ^? conduct$ "u ! laws kn[n by ! "n ( _! discov]]1 ,m5del--x seems :olly impossible t ^! op]ations arose by *ance-m$ley4 ,to me1 at any rate1 any su* explanation is :olly un?9kable4 ,b if x be an impossible explanation1 z ,i & _m ?\s&s1 n to say millions1 ( o!r p]sons believe1 !n !re is no o!r way out ( x ?an t ^! op]ations mu/ h be5 plann$ by "s "o2 9 o!r words1 t !re mu/ h be5 a ,creator & ,devis] ( ! _w4 ,p hide f ?is explanation1 & "o ( ! fav\rite s&banks 9 :i* ?is p>ticul> k9d ( human o/ri* plunges its head is ,nature4 ,nature does ?is1 & ,nature does t1 =gett+ entirely ! fact t ,nature is a m]e p]sonification & means ei!r *ance-m$ley or a ,creator1 accord+ to ! old dilemma4 ,!re is a v curi\s example ( ?is inability or unwill+ness to admit--p]haps ev5 to und]/&--! =ce ( ?is argum5t exhibit$ by ^? to :om "o w\ld suppose t x w\ld come home ) ov]p[]+ =ce3 ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 ! ,m5delians4 ,! mo/ le>n$ ( ^!1 & "o ( ! mo/ op5-m9d$ ( m51 h9ts 9 "o place t ?\gh he does n ?9k x necess>y himself to believe x1 yet x might at lea/ be sugge/$ t1 if 9 a c]ta9 organism we f9d ?+s s plac$ t a c]ta9 comb9ation is b\nd to em]ge 9 a c]ta9 g5]ation1 su* a /ate ( affairs might h be5 pre>rang$4 ,n[1 if x 0 pre>rang$1 ! awful fact em]ges t !re mu/ h be5 an arrang]2 9 o!r words1 a creative p[]4 ,?is explanation is taboo 9 c]ta9 circles4 ,b "o may reasonably ask1 ,:at !n8 ,is x really sugge/$ t ^! ord]ly sets ( occurr5ces may occur n once or twice only b ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( times1 & ?is may all happ5 by *ance8 ,a v di/ant acqua9tance ) ! ma!matics ( probability w %[ t ?is is a :olly unt5able !ory4 ,we are g5]ally answ]$ by "s purely v]bal explanation1 l ! p]sonification ( ,nature already allud$ to4 ,?us1 9 a rec5t discussion on inh]itance 9 a ,presid5tial ,address to ! ,briti% ,association1 to :i* ,i h already allud$1 ! writ] ) ^: explanation ,i h j be5 deal+ /ates t he ?9ks x unlikely t ! factors ( inh]itance are 9 any simple or lit]al s5se mat]ial p>ticles1 & proce$s ?us3 ,i suspect r t _! prop]ties dep5d on "s ph5om5on ( arrangem5t4 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 ?is is no explanation at all1 = ! me*anism ( inh]itance mu/ be ei!r mat]ial or immat]ial4 ,if !re is a ph5om5on ( arrangem5t !re mu/ be some?+ to be arrang$1 & ?is some?+ c h>dly be o!r ?an mat]ial if x is to be arrang$ at all4 ,b let t pass4 ,:at is f> m important is to rememb] t if a ?+ is to be arrang$ !re mu/ be somebody to arrange x1 = *ance-m$ley _c arrange any?+ 9 an ord]ly mann]2 or if x c\ld d s once1 _c be suppos$ capable ( do+ x a second "t 9 a precisely simil> mann]1 n to say capable ( do+ x c\ntless ?\s&s ( times4 ,if we g into a great museum our fir/ idea1 p]haps our la/1 conc]ns ! arrangem5t f\nd !re94 ,b x may safely be said t no sane p]son ev] ent]ta9$ t idea )\t be+ p]fectly aw>e t ! arrangem5t 0 made by human h&s1 controll$1 9 ! la/ resort1 by ! bra9 ( ! curator ( ! museum4 ,n[1 9 a s5se1 ! liv+ body is a museum conta9+ specim5s ( diff]5t k9ds ( cells4 ,!re are bra9-cells1 liv]-cells1 bone-cells1 scores ( diff]5t v>ieties ( cells1 & all ( !m1 s to speak1 are arrang$ 9 _! appropriate cases4 ,if we g to ! bra9-case we c se>* x ?r\gh & ?r\gh )\t f9d+ a liv]-cell1 any m ?an we %\ld f9d a typical bra9-cell emb$d$ 9 ! m>r[ ( "o ( ! bones4 ,! diff]5t specim5s all occupy _! appropriate positions4 ,h[ did !y get !re8 ,! future animal1 l animals ( all k9ds1 includ+ man1 comm5ces z a s+le cell4 ,all save a few int]e/+ b at pres5t negligible cases are compos$ ( elem5ts drawn f male & female p>5ts4 ,?is cell divides up into a multitude ( o!rs4 ,at fir/ ^! are to all appe>ances id5tical1 b lat] !y beg9 to diff]5tiate1 at fir/ into ?ree classes & aft]w>ds into ! multitude ( diff]5t cells ( :i* ! body is compos$4 ,fur!r1 ^! gr\ps ( cells become aggregat$ 9 appropriate gr\ps1 cells ( "o k9d unit+ ) cells ( ! same k9d & ) no o!rs4 ,"h we h to d ) arrangem5t1 consummately skilful arrangem5t1 an arrangem5t :i* practically nev] fails1 =1 leav+ aside ! case ( mon/rosity1 a consid]ation ( :i* w\ld deta9 u too long1 n m]ely are ! v>i\s cells all plac$ 9 _! prop] positions1 z we h se51 b _! aggregation1 ! individual1 is s =m$ z to belong to ! prop] comp>tm5t ( t l>ge museum1 ! _w--! same comp>tm5t z t occupi$ by 8 prog5itors4 ,nei!r ! p>ticulate nor ! *emical !ories help u "h4 ,! mnemic w\ld1 b x has its initial & insup]able difficulty1 po9t$ out 9 ano!r article 9 ?is volume1 t1 z y mu/ h an exp]i5ce be=e y c rememb] x1 x 9 no way acc\nts = ! fir/ op]ation ( arrangem5t4 ,z to ! mat]ial explanations1 p>ticulate or *emical1 !y am\nt to some?+ l ?is3 y h half a c>t-load ( bricks f "o y>d & half a c>t-load f ano!r1 & :5 ! bricks are dump$ d[n 9 an appropriate place !y =m a little h\se1 j l ^? occupi$ by ! manag]s ( ! bricky>ds4 ,s !y may1 b no "o 9 8 s5se supposes t !y w ?us arrange !mselves ( _! own p[]4 ,"s "o mu/ arrange !m4 ,:o arranges ! t9y bricks ( :i* ! animal body consi/s1 or :at arranges !m8 ,to rev]t to our previ\s example ( ! g>d52 suppose t we br+ back f t :i* we desire to copy a bag ( se$s repres5t+ all ! plants :i* x conta9s4 ,we h a plot ( l& ( ! same size z our example2 we dig x & we dung x & !n we scatt] our se$s p]fectly haphaz>d ov] its surface4 ,:at are ! odds z to _! com+ up 9 an exactly simil> patt]n to ^? 9 ! o!r g>d54 ,ma!maticians1 ,i suppose1 c\ld calculate ! probabilities1 b !y mu/ be inf9itesimally small4 ,yet 9 ! case ( ! animal ! patt]n is always obs]v$4 ,x is q useless = any "o1 h[ev] em95t an au?ority he may be1 to dismiss ! matt] by say+ ,x is a ph5om5on ( arrangem5t1 = t begs ! :ole "q4 ,a ,m>tian visitor tak5 to ,we/m9/] ,abbey & told t its con/ruction 0 a ph5om5on ( arrangem5t might be expect$ to turn a scornful eye ^u 8 cic]one & reply1 ,any fool c see t1 b :o arrang$ x8 ,h5ce1 ?\gh wild horses w\ld n drag su* an admission f _m1 we are irresi/ibly compell$ to adopt ! !ory ( a ,creator & a ,ma9ta9] also ( nature & its op]ations--s-call$--if we are to escape f ! absurdities involv$ 9 any o!r explanation4 ,?us !re are v important & fundam5tal matt]s to be d$uc$ f ! v little :i* we "k ab\t inh]itance1 j z !re are f a hundr$ & "o o!r l9es ( consid]ation relat$ to ?is _w & its cont5ts4 ,we d n "k v mu*--x may fairly be said we "k no?+ z to ! vehicle ( inh]itance4 ,we "k a little1 b x is /ill a v little ev5 9 comp>ison ) :at we may yet come to "k z ! result ( c>eful & long-cont9u$ exp]im5t1 ab\t ! laws ( inh]itance4 ,:at we d le>n f our k1 su* z x is1 is ! fact t we c give no intellig5t or intelligible explanation ( ! facts br\ght be=e u except on ! hypo!sis ( a ,creator & ,ma9ta9] ( all ?+s4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #cc3 ,a ?ird explanation1 t ! me*anism ( inh]itance is ( a *emical "*1 is n[ be+ put =w>d1 & "s m5tion ( ?is view1 :i* is by no means "o ( g5]al acceptance1 w be f\nd 9 ano!r article 9 ?is volume4 ,footnote #cd3 ,an acc\nt ( !m w be f\nd 9 ,a ,c5tury ( ,sci5tific ,?\ght1 by ! pres5t writ]1 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,burns ,oates4 ,,vii4 ,,special ,,creation ,pr(essor ,scott1 ( ,pr9ceton1 has rec5tly giv5 to ! public 9 8 ,we/brook ,lectures#ce an exce$+ly imp>tial1 conv9c+1 & lucid /atem5t ( ! evid5ce = ! !ory ( evolution or trans=mism4 ,on "o po9t ( t]m9ology a few obs]vations may n be amiss1 s9ce !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( confusion /ill exi/+ 9 ! m9ds ( _m p]sons :i* c be & ought to be cle>$ up4 ,?r\gh\t 8 book ,pr(essor ,scott contra/s evolution ) :at he calls special creation4 ,9 s do+ he is evid5tly 9 no way anxi\s to d5y ! fact t !re is a ,creator1 & t evolution may fairly be reg>d$ z ,8 me?od ( creation4 ,9 "o passage he expressly /ates t acceptance ( ! !ory ( evolution by no means excludes belief 9 a creative plan4 ,& aga91 :5 deal+ ) ! palontological evid5ce 9 fav\r ( evolution1 he po9ts out t ,cuvi] & ,agassiz1 exam9+ x z x 0 kn[n 9 _! day1 int]pret$ ! facts z ! c>ry+ out ( a sy/ematic creative plan1 an int]pretation :i* ! au?or claims is n at all invalidat$ by ! acceptance ( ! evolution>y !ory4 ,he is n1 we ne$ h>dly say1 9 any way s+ul> 9 tak+ up ?is attitude1 s9ce x 0 held by ,d>w91 by ,wallace1 by ,huxley1 & by o!r /urdy def5d]s ( ! doctr9e ( evolution4 ,yet1 j z at ! "t t ,d>w9's views 7 fir/ made public1 _m ?\ght t !y 7 subv]sive ( ,*ri/ianity1 s1 ev5 n[1 "s ^: acqua9tance ) ! problem & its hi/ory is ( a sup]ficial "*1 are incl9$ :5 !y see ! ^w creation1 ev5 ) ! qualify+ adjective special prefix$ to x1 us$ 9 contradi/9ction to evolution1 to imag9e t ! !ory ( creation1 & ( c\rse ( a ,creator1 mu/ fall to ! gr\nd if evolution %\ld be prov$ to be ! true explanation ( liv+ ?+s & _! div]sities4 ,x is m ?an a little difficult = u1 liv+ at ! pres5t day1 to und]/& ?is curi\s frame ( m9d2 yet x c]ta9ly exi/$1 & exi/$ :]e x might lea/ h be5 expect$ to exi/4 ,nor is x q ext9ct to-day1 ?\gh x only l+]s 9 ! less in/ruct$ class ( p]sons4 ,! misconception arose f a confusion betwe5 ! fact & ! me?od ( creation4 ,z to ! =m]1 no ,ca?olic1 no ,*ri/ian1 no !i/ has any k9d ( d\bt2 inde$ !re are ^? :o c\ld n be classifi$ "u any ( ^? categories :o /ill w\ld be prep>$ to admit t !re mu/ be a ,fir/ ,cause z ! explanation ( ! univ]se4 ,"s ( !m1 ^: reason+ is a little difficult to foll[1 seem to be cont5t ) an imman5t1 bl9d god1 a m]e ma9spr+ to ! clock1 mak+ x move1 no d\bt1 b o!rwise p[]less4 ,if we neglect--9 a ma!matical s5se--^? :o adopt ! agno/ic attitude2 cont5t !mselves ) ! =mula ignoramus et ignorabimus ( ,du ,bois ,reymond1 & conf9e _! inve/igations to ! ma*9e z a go+ ma*9e )\t inquir+ h[ x came to be a ma*9e or :at set x to "w1 we %all1 ,i ?9k1 f9d t mo/ p :o h really ?\ght out ! "q admit t ! only reasonable explanation ( ?+s z !y are1 is ! po/ulation ( a ,free ,fir/ ,cause2 9 o!r words1 an ,omnipot5t ,creator ( ! univ]se4 ,su*1 ( c\rse1 is ! tea*+ ( ! ,scriptures & ( ! ,*ur*1 & x mu/ be admitt$ t nei!r ( !m c>ries u v mu* fur!r 9 ?is matt]4 ,9 fact1 :il/ bo? are p]fectly cle> & def9ite ab\t ! fact ( creation1 nei!r ( !m has mu* to say ab\t ! me?od4 ,yet1 z all admit1 evolution conc]ns only ! me?od & tells u absolutely no?+ ab\t ! cause4 ,be+ omnipot5t1 x is obvi\s t its ,mak] might h creat$ ! univ]se 9 any way :i* seem$ good to ,him--= example1 all at once out ( no?+ j z x /&s at ?is mom5t4 ,su* a ?+ w\ld n be impossible to ,omnipot5ce2 &1 z we "k1 ,fallopius1 sudd5ly confront$ by ! problems ( fossils 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 did sugge/ t !y 7 creat$ j z !y 71 & t !y _h nev] be5 any?+ else4 ,s did ,philip ,gosse "s two & a half c5turies lat]4 ,!re is no?+ m sure ?an t ! _w 0 n creat$ j z x is4 ,reason & ,scripture bo? tea* u t1 & geology makes x q cle> t ! appe>ance ( liv+ ?+s ^u ! e>? has be5 successive2 t gr\ps ( liv+ ?+s1 l ! giant saurians1 :i* 7 once ! dom9ant zoological objects1 _h _! day & h gone1 z we may suppose1 = ev]4 ,a few v l[ly =ms1 l ! lamp-%ells1 h p]si/$ almo/ ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( life on ! e>?1 b on ! :ole ! picture :i* we see is "o ( appe>ances1 culm9ations1 & disappe>ances ( successive races ( liv+ ?+s4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ,trilobites1 cru/aceans ^: ne>e/ liv+ repres5tatives are ! ,k+-,crabs1 fir/ became features ( ! fauna ( ! e>?4 ,!n !y increas$ to su* an ext5t z to become ! mo/ prom95t feature4 ,!n !y decl9$ 9 importance1 disappe>$1 & = unc\nt$ ages h exi/$ only z fossils4 ,?us we conclude t ! creation ( species 0 a progressive affair1 j z ! creation ( individuals is a successive affair1 = e liv+ ?+1 com+ z x does into exi/5ce by ! p[] ( ! ,creator1 is ,8 creation & 9 a v real s5se a special creation4 ,n[ we "k v well h[ liv+ ?+s come into exi/5ce to-day2 c we =m any idea z to h[ !y orig9at$ 9 ! beg9n+8 ,milton1 9 8 crude description 9 ,p>adise ,lo/1 pictur$ liv+ ?+s z gradually ris+ out ( & extricat+ !mselves f ! soil4 ,! grassy clods n[ calv$1 n[ half appe>$ ,! tawny lion1 paw+ to get free ,8 h9d] p>ts1 !n spr+s z broke f bonds1 ,& rampant %akes 8 br9dl$ mane2 ! ounce1 ,! libb>d1 & ! tig]1 z ! mole ,ris+1 ! crumbl$ e>? above !m ?rew ,9 hillocks3 ! swift /ag f und]gr\nd ,bore up 8 bran*+ head3 sc>ce f 8 m\ld ,behemo?1 bigge/ born ( e>?1 up heav$ ,8 va/ness4 ,9 ?is description ,milton probably repres5t$ ! ideas ( 8 day--a day p5etrat$ ) lit]al int]pretation ( ! ,scripture1 ?\gh x is well to recall to our m9ds ! fact t n "o ^w or idea ( ! above is conta9$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,! only sugge/ion is t ! body ( ,adam 0 fa%ion$ f ! slime ( ! e>?1 ! precise mean+ ( :i* phrase has nev] be5 def9$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,aga91 we h to say t ! ,miltonic s*eme is n impossible1 any m ?an any o!r s*eme is impossible1 b we may fur!r say t x is m ?an improbable1 & ) e rev]5ce we may add t to u x does n seem to be specially consonant ) ! greatness & wisdom ( ,god4 ,!re rema9s ! d]ivative =m ( creation1 comp5di\sly /yl$ evolution4 ,t ?is also is a possible me?od ( creation no "o w d5y1 & x has be5 discuss$ z su* by _m ( ! greate/ ?9k]s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we c consid] x1 !re=e1 f ! po9t ( fact or ( k z we n[ possess x1 & we c d s )\t imag9+ t1 9 s do+1 we are contemplat+ a me?od :i* is any?+ else b ! c>ry+ out ( a creative plan1 exi/+ p]fect & complete & f all et]nity 9 ! m9d ( ! ,be+ ,^: conception x 0 & by ^: fiat x came to pass4 ,moreov]1 ea* =m produc$ is a special creation1 s9ce x 0 specially design$ to be z x is & to appe> :5 x did1 j z ! clockmak] int5ds 8 clock to /rike twelve at noon1 ?\gh he c h>dly be said to make x /rike at t mom5t4 ,h5ce to place special creation 9 antagonism to evolution is really to use an ambigu\s phraseology4 ,no d\bt x is n easy to f9d ! prop] phraseology4 ,"s h employ$ ! t]ms imm$iate & m$iate1 to :i* also a c]ta9 am\nt ( ambiguity is atta*$4 ,p]haps direct & d]ivative might convey m accurate ideas2 b :atev] t]m9ology we adopt1 we are /ill safe 9 say+ t :e!r ,god makes ?+s or makes !m make !mselves ,he is creat+ !m & specially creat+ !m4 ,?is is n ! place to ent] into any elaborate discussion z to ! tru? ( ! !ory ( evolution4 ,few w be f\nd to d5y ! /atem5t t x is a !ory :i* does expla9 ,nature z we see x & z we le>n its hi/ory 9 ! pa/1 b t does n necess>ily prove t x is true4 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 deal+ ) ! movem5ts ( ! planets1 makes a v important /atem5t :5 he tells u1 9 s _m words1 t1 ?\gh ! hypo!sis ) :i* he is deal+ w\ld expla9 ! appe>ances :i* he 0 seek+ to expla91 t does n prove t x is ! true explanation1 s9ce ! real answ] to ! riddle may be "o !n unkn[n to him4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "o or two po9ts x may be useful to consid] be=e we leave ! "q4 ,t evolution may occur )9 a class seems to be q c]ta94 ,! case ( ! ,porto ,santo rabbits1 "o ( _m cit$ by ,d>w9 or br\ght to k s9ce 8 "t1 w make cle> :at is meant4 ,porto ,santo is a small isl&1 n f> f ,madeira1 on :i* a ,portuguese navigator1 nam$ ,z>co1 let loose1 some:]e ab\t ! ye> #adbj1 a doe & a rec5tly born litt] ( rabbits1 :i* we may feel q sure belong$ to "o ( ^? dome/ic bre$s :i* h all be5 d]iv$ f ! wild rabbit ( ,europe kn[n to zoologi/s z ,lepus ,cuniculus4 ,! isl& 0 a fav\rable spot = ! rabbits1 = !re d n appe> to h be5 any c>nivor\s bea/s or birds to h>ry !m1 nor 7 !re o!r l& mammals compet+ ) !m = food2 &1 z a result1 we are told t !y _h s f> increas$ & multipli$ 9 =ty ye>s z to be describ$ z innum]able4 ,9 f\r & a half c5turies ^! rabbits _h become s diff]5t f any ,european rabbits t ,haeckel describ$ !m z a species ap>t1 & nam$ x ,lepus ,huxlei4 ,?is rabbit is mu* small] ?an ! ,european =m1 be+ describ$ z m l a l>ge rat ?an a rabbit4 ,its col\r is v diff]5t f its ,european relatives2 x has curi\s nocturnal habits2 x is exce$+ly wild & untamable4 ,mo/ rem>kable ( all1 & mo/ conclusive z to specific diff]5ce1 ,mr4 ,b>tlett1 ! highly skill$ head keep] ( ! ,london ,zoological ,g>d5s1 utt]ly fail$ to induce ! two males :i* 7 br\ght ov] to ^? g>d5s to associate ) or to bre$ ) ! females ( v>i\s o!r bre$s ( rabbits :i* 7 repeat$ly plac$ ) !m4 ,if ! hi/ory ( ^! ,porto ,santo rabbits _h be5 unkn[n to u1 in/ead ( be+ a matt] z to :i* !re c be no d\bt1 e naturali/ w\ld at once h accept$ !m z a sep>ate species4 ,we ne$ n hesitate1 x appe>s1 to d s & to admit t x is a new species :i* has be5 produc$ )9 hi/oric times & "u conditions ) :i* we are fully acqua9t$4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be argu$1 & q fairly argu$1 t su* a process ( evolution1 ?\gh def9itely prov$1 is a v diff]5t ?+ f su* an evolution z w\ld p]mit ( a common ance/ry = animals s f> ap>t1 = example1 z a :ale & a rabbit1 or p]haps ev5 ne>] 9 relation%ip1 z betwe5 a lion & a seal4 ,to discuss ?is fur!r w\ld require a diss]tation on ! highly involv$ "q ( species & v>ieties1 & t is n n[ to be attempt$4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 may be said is t ! difficulties pres5t$ by :at is call$ phylog5y--t is1 ! relation%ips ( diff]5t classes to "o ano!r--are s great z to h l$ m ?an "o man ( sci5ce to proclaim 8 belief t evolution has be5 poly--& n mono--phyletic4 ,su* is ! view :i* has be5 enunciat$ by ,fa!r ,wasmann1 ,s4,j41 ^: au?ority on a po9t ( ?is k9d is p>am\nt4 ,x has also be5 upheld by ,pr(essor ,bateson1 a man widely sep>at$ f ! ,jesuit 9 all b atta*m5t to sci5ce4 ,pr(essor ,bateson summ$ up 8 belief 9 ! text :i* he plac$ on ! title-page ( 8 fir/ great "w on ,v>iation3 ! text :i* proclaims t !re is a fle% ( m51 ano!r ( bea/s1 ano!r ( birds1 ano!r ( fi%es4 ,d>w9 rema9$ to ! end ( 8 life undecid$ betwe5 ! two views1 = he all[$ 8 orig9al /atem5t z to life hav+ be5 brea!d into "o or m =ms by ! ,creator1 to pass f edition to edition ( ! ,orig9 ( ,species4 ,if ! polyphyletic !ory be adopt$1 x mu/ be said t ! position ( ! mat]iali/ is made f> m difficult ?an x is at pres5t4 ,let u see :at x means4 ,on ! mat]iali/ic hypo!sis1 & ! same may be said ( ! pan!i/ic or any o!r hypo!sis n !i/ic 9 nature1 a c]ta9 cell came by *ance to acquire ! attributes ( life4 ,f ?is desc5d$ plants & animals ( all k9ds 9 div]g5t s]ies till ! edifice 0 cr[n$ by man4 ,i h else:]e endeav\r$ to po9t out all t is involv$ 9 ?is assumption1 :i*1 x mu/ be confess$1 is a v l>ge m\?ful to swall[4 ,let u n[ consid] :at ! polyphyletic hypo!sis involves4 ,accord+ to ?is view "o cell accid5tally develop$ ! attributes ( vegetable life2 a fur!r accid5t leads ano!r cell to initiate ! l9e ( inv]tebrates2 ano!r t ( fi%es1 let u say2 ano!r ( mammals3 ! numb] v>y+ accord+ to ! views ( ! !ori/ on phylog5y4 ,let u n =get t ! cell or cells :i* accid5tally acquir$ ! attributes ( life1 _h accid5tally to %ape !mselves f dead mat]ials into some?+ ( a "* :olly unkn[n 9 ! inorganic _w4 ,if "o s]i\sly consid]s ! matt] x is--s x seems to me--utt]ly impossible to subscribe to ! accid5tal !ory ( :i* ! imman5t god--! bl9d god ( ,b]gson--is a m]e v>iant4 ,"o mu/ agree ) ! late ,"l ,kelv9 t sci5ce positively affirms creative p[] 444 :i* 7%e7 compels u to accept z an article ( belief4 ,b :at are we to say ) reg>d to ! s]ies ( repeat$ accid5ts :i* ! polyphyletic hypo!sis w\ld seem to dem&8 ,is x really possible t any man c\ld br+ himself to place cr$5ce 9 su* a m>vell\s s]ies ( occurr5ces8 ,monophyletic or polyphyletic evolution1 :i*ev]1 if ei!r1 x may h be51 pres5ts no difficulty on ! creation hypo!sis4 ,! ,div9e plan might h embrac$ ei!r me?od4 ,x is n m]ely revelation b ord9>y reason :i* %[s u t ! wond]ful ?+s :i* we "k1 n to speak ( ! f> m wond]ful ?+s at :i* we c only guess1 _c possibly be expla9$ on any o!r hypo!sis ?an t ( a ,free ,fir/ ,cause--a ,creator4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ce3 ,! ,!ory ( ,evolution4 ,by ,william ,b]ryman ,scott4 ,new ,york3 ,! ,macmillan ,co4 ,,viii4 ,,ca?olic ,,writ]s ,,& ,,spontane\s ,,g5]ation ,! names ( great ,ca?olic m5 ( sci5ce1 laym5 l ,pa/eur & ,mll]1 or ecclesia/ics l ,/5s5 & ,m5del1 are famili> to all educat$ p]sons4 ,b ev5 educat$ p]sons1 or at lea/ a great majority ( !m1 are q ignorant ( ! goodly b& ( work]s 9 sci5ce :o 7 dev\t *ildr5 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,no?+ p]haps m fully exemplifies ?is ?an ! hi/ory ( ! controv]sy respect+ ! subject ^: "n is set d[n z ! title ( ?is pap]4 ,= c5turies a controv]sy rag$ at int]vals ar\nd ! "q ( spontane\s g5]ation4 ,did liv+ ?+s orig9ate1 n m]ely 9 ! pa/ b e day1 f non-liv+ matt]8 ,:5 we consid] su* ?+s z ! once my/]i\s appe>ance ( maggots 9 meat x is n wond]ful t 9 ! days be=e ! microscope ! answ] 0 9 ! affirmative4 ,to-day ! "q may be consid]$ almo/ clos$4 ,true1 ! negative proposition _c be prov$1 h5ce x is impossible to say t spontane\s g5]ation does n take place4 ,h[ev]1 ! sci5tific _w is at "o 9 ! belief t s f> all attempts to prove x h fail$ utt]ly4 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as _h a celebrat$ & sometimes misund]/ood controv]sy ) ,avic5na1 a v fam\s ,arabian philosoph]4 ,x 0 a philosophical1 b n /rictly sci5tific1 controv]sy1 = bo? p]sons accept$ or assum$ ! exi/5ce ( spontane\s g5]ation4 ,avic5na claim$ t x took place by ! p[]s ( ,nature alone1 :il/ ,/4 ,?omas adopt$ ! attitude :i* we %\ld adopt to-day1 7 spontane\s g5]ation %[n to be a fact1 namely1 t if ,nature possess$ ?is p[]1 x 0 because ! ,creator _h will$ x s4 ,we come to close qu>t]s ) ! "q itself 9 #affh1 :5 ,francesco ,r$i 7#afbf-afig7 publi%$ 8 book on ! g5]ation ( insects & %[$ t meat protect$ f flies by wire gauze or p>*m5t did n develop maggots1 :il/ meat left unprotect$ did4 ,f ?is & f o!r exp]im5ts he 0 l$ to =mulate ! !ory t 9 all cases ( app>5t production ( life f dead matt] ! real explanation 0 t liv+ g]ms f outside _h be5 introduc$ into x4 ,= a long "t ?is view held ! field4 ,r$i 01 z 8 "n indicates1 an ,italian1 an inhabitant ( ,aret9o1 a poet z well z a physician & sci5tific work]4 ,he 0 physician to two ( ! ,gr& ,dukes ( ,tuscany & an academician ( ! celebrat$ ,accademia della ,crusca4 ,^? works :i* ,i h be5 able to consult on ! subject say no?+ ab\t 8 religion1 b !re c sc>cely be any d\bt t he 0 a ,ca?olic4 ,at any rate !re is no d\bt :atev] z to ! o!r p]sons n[ to be m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! controv]sy1 :i* aga9 became active ab\t a c5tury aft] ,r$i _h publi%$ 8 book4 ,! antagoni/s on ?is occasion 7 bo? ( !m ,ca?olic prie/s1 & bo? ( !m des]ve "s brief notice4 ,john ,turb]ville ,ne$ham 7#agac-agha7 0 born 9 ,london & belong$ on bo? sides to old ,ca?olic families4 ,he 0 educat$ at ,d\ay & orda9$ prie/ at ,cambray 9 #agch4 ,aft] tea*+ 9 t place = "s "t he j\rney$ to ,engl& & became head-ma/] ( ! once celebrat$ s*ool = ,ca?olic boys at ,twy=d1 ne> ,w9*e/]4 ,f !re he w5t = a %ort "t to ,lisbon z pr(essor ( philosophy 9 ! ,engli% ,college4 ,subsequ5tly he travell$ ) v>i\s ,pe]s mak+ ! gr& t\r4 ,aft] t he retir$ to ,p>is1 :]e he 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,acadmie des ,sci5ces4 ,he 0 ! fir/ director ( ! ,imp]ial ,academy 9 ,brussels2 a canon1 fir/ ( ,d5d]monde & aft]w>d ( ,soignies4 ,he di$ 9 ,brussels & 0 buri$ 9 ! ,abbey ( ,cond5b]g4 ,ne$ham 0 a man ( really great sci5tific atta9m5ts1 & p]haps no?+ proves ! e/imation 9 :i* he 0 held m ?an ! fact t 9 #agdf he 0 elect$ a ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society1 be+ ! fir/ ,ca?olic prie/ to become a memb] ( t di/+ui%$ body4 ,:5 "o rememb]s ! attitude at t "t1 & mu* lat]1 ( ,engli%m5 t[>ds ,ca?olics x is cle> t ,ne$ham's claims to di/9ction mu/ h be5 m ?an ord9>ily great4 ,8 cle>1 firm signature is /ill to be se5 9 ! *>t]-book ( ! society1 & x is int]e/+ to note t he signs 8 "n ,turb]ville ,ne$ham4 ,ne$ham did n conf9e 8 att5tion to sci5ce1 = he 0 an ard5t antiqu>y1 & 9 #agfa 0 elect$ a ,fell[ ( t o!r anci5t & exclusive body1 ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,london4 ,9 ?is connection x may be m5tion$ t ,ne$ham publi%$1 9 #agfa1 a book :i* caus$ a great s5sation1 = he endeav\r$ to %[ t he c\ld translate an ,egyptian inscription by means ( ,*9ese *>act]s2 9 o!r words1 t ! =ms ( writ+ 7 g]mane to "o ano!r4 ,he 0 %[n to be q wrong by "s ( ! le>n$ ,jesuits ( ! day1 :o1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,*9ese m5 ( lett]s1 prov$ t ! resemblances to :i* ,ne$ham _h call$ att5tion 7 m]ely sup]ficial4 ,b our int]e/ n[ is 9 8 controv]sy ) ,spallanzani4 ,laz>o ,spallanzani 7#agbi-agii7 0 born at ,sc&iano 9 ,mod5a & educat$ at ! ,jesuit ,college at ,reggio di ,mod5a4 ,!re 0 "s "q z to 8 ent]+ ! ,society2 he did n d s1 h[ev]1 b repair$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,bologna1 :]e 8 k9swoman1 ,laura ,bassi1 0 !n pr(essor ( physics4 ,he became a prie/1 b devot$ 8 life to tea*+ & exp]im5t+4 ,he mu/ h be5 some?+ ( :at we 9 ,irel& us$ to call a polyma?1 = he pr(ess$ at "o "t or ano!r1 9 v>i\s univ]sities1 logic1 metaphysics1 ,greek1 & f9ally natural hi/ory4 ,he fir/ expla9$ ! physics ( :at *ildr5 call ducks & drakes made by flat pebbles on wat]2 laid ! f\ndations ( meteorology & vulcanology1 & is p]haps be/ ( all kn[n 9 connection ) :at is t]m$ reg5]ation 9 ! e>?worm & above all 9 ! salam&]4 ,8 exp]im5ts /ill hold ! field 9 a region ( /udy :i* has va/ly ext5d$ itself 9 rec5t ye>s1 becom+ ( prime importance 9 ! vitali/ic controv]sy4 ,9 ! dispute1 h[ev]1 ) :i* we are conc]n$ ,ne$ham & ,spallanzani def5d$ opposite positions4 ,! =m]1 z ! result ( 8 obs]vations1 ass]t$ t1 9 spite ( ! boil+ & seal+ up ( organic fluids1 life did appe> 9 !m4 ,8 oppon5t claim$ t ,ne$ham's exp]im5ts _h n be5 suffici5tly precise4 ,! latt] _h enclos$ 8 fluids 9 bottles fitt$ ) ord9>y corks1 cov]$ ) ma/ic v>ni%1 :il/ ,spallanzani1 employ+ flasks ) long necks :i* he c\ld & did seal by heat :5 ! cont5ts 7 boil+1 %[$ t 9 t case no life 0 produc$4 ,he decl>$1 & correctly too1 z we n[ "k1 t ,ne$ham's me?ods did p]mit ( ! introduction ( some?+ f )\t4 ,! controv]sy w5t to sleep aga9 until ! discov]y ( oxyg5 by ,prie/ley 9 #aggd4 ,:5 x _h be5 %[n t oxyg5 0 ess5tial to ! exi/5ce ( all =ms ( life1 ! "q arose z to :e!r ! boil+ ( ! organic fluids 9 ! e>li] exp]im5ts _h n expell$ all ! oxyg5 & ?us prev5t$ ! exi/5ce & developm5t ( any life4 ,9 ! fur!r exp]im5ts :i* ?is qu]y gave rise to1 we meet ) ano!r illu/ri\s ,ca?olic "n1 t ( ,!odor ,s*wann1 bett] kn[n z ! orig9ator ( t fundam5tal piece ( sci5tific k1 ! cell-!ory4 ,!odor ,s*wann 7#ahaj-ahhb7 0 born at ,neuss & educat$ by ! ,jesuits1 fir/ at ,cologne1 aft]w>d at ,bonn4 ,aft] /udy+ at ! ,univ]sities ( ,wrzburg & ,b]l9 he became pr(essor 9 ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity ( ,l\va91 :]e 8 "n 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal glories ( ?is n[ wreck$ seat ( le>n+4 ,!nce he w5t z pr(essor to ,lige1 :]e he di$4 ,he 01 says 8 biography 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 ( a peculi>ly g5tle & amiable "* & rema9$ a dev\t ,ca?olic ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,s*wann's exp]im5ts t5d$ to %[ t ! introduction ( air--( c\rse conta9+ oxyg5--did n lead to ! production ( life1 if ! air _h fir/ be5 ?or\ghly /]ilis$4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ?is "q _h be5 f9ally answ]$1 :5 x 0 reop5$ by ,p\*et1 9 #ahei4 ,he 0 a ,fr5*man1 ! director ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum ( ,r\51 b z to 8 religi\s views ,i h no in=mation4 ,x is q probable1 h[ev]1 t he 0 a ,ca?olic4 ,p\*et & all on 8 side 7 f9ally--s f> z !re c be f9ality 9 su* a matt]--dispos$ ( by ,pa/eur1 ( ^: di/9ction z a man ( sci5ce & dev\tness z a ,ca?olic no?+ ne$ be said4 ,x is q unnecess>y to devote any consid]ation "h to ! "* ( ,pa/eur's exp]im5ts1 = !y h become a matt] ( common k to all educat$ p]sons4 ,let x suffice to say t !y 7 on ! l9es fir/ laid d[n by ,r$i & greatly elaborat$ by ,spallanzani1 namely ! exclusion f ! fluids or o!r sub/ances "u exam9ation ( all possible contam9ation by m9ute organisms 9 ! air4 ,spallanzani knew no?+ ( ^! organisms2 !y 7 n discov]$ until _m ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,b he surmis$ t !re 0 some?+ :i* br\ght corruption into ! fluids2 he exclud$ t some?+1 ) ! result t ! fluids rema9$ unta9t$4 ,f our po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 !re are sev]al ?+s to be le>nt4 ,9 ! fir/ place q a numb] ( ignorant p]sons h ?\ght t ! discov]y ( spontane\s g5]ation w\ld upset religi\s dogmata4 ,t ( c\rse is q absurd4 ,f :at has be5 said above x w be se5 t ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as--9 common ) all ! m5 ( le>n+ ( 8 day--fully believ$ 9 x1 z did ,ne$ham1 ano!r ecclesia/ic z to ^: or?odoxy !re is no d\bt4 ,fur!r1 ! entire controv]sy is a complete confutation ( ! false allegation t betwe5 ,ca?olicism & sci5ce !re is a great gulf set4 ,!re h be5 few long] & m rem>kable controv]sies 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce1 & sc>ce any o!r--if inde$ any o!r--:i* has su* important be>+s ^u heal? & indu/ry ?an t :i* relates to bio- or abio-g5esis4 ,x is significant to f9d t ! names ( s _m ( ! protagoni/s 9 ?is controv]sy 7 ^? ( m5 :o 7 also conv9c$ adh]5ts ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,,ix4 ,a ,,!ory ,,( ,,life#cf ,( ! mak+ ( books on ! "q ( ,vitalism !re w\ld seem to be no end2 &1 foll[+ ^u q a numb] ( o!rs comes ?is h&some1 well-illu/rat$1 int5sely int]e/+ book1 by "o ^: writ+s are always wor? /udy4 ,x purports to deal ) ! ,orig9 & ,evolution ( ,life2 b1 z to ! fir/1 x leaves u 9 no way advanc$ t[>ds any real explanation ( t problem on mat]iali/ic l9es4 ,z to ! second1 ?\gh !re is a va/ am\nt ( valuable in=mation1 (t5 illum9at+ & sugge/ive1 aga9 we confess t we fail to discov] any real philosophy ( t process ( evolution :i* ! au?or po/ulates4 ,^! propositions we mu/ n[ proce$ to ju/ify4 ,we c consid] !m f ! mo/ rigidly sci5tific /&po9t1 s9ce1 if e ^w or almo/ e ^w 9 ! book 7 prov$ tru?1 x w\ld n make ! slighte/ diff]5ce to ,ca?olic ,philosophy1 nor1 inde$1 to ,!i/ic tea*+s1 s9ce 9 ! imp]i%able words ( ,paley3 ,!re may be _m second causes1 & _m c\rses ( second causes1 "o beh9d ano!r1 betwe5 :at we obs]ve ( nature & ! ,deity2 b !re mu/ be intellig5ce some:]e2 !re mu/ be m 9 nature ?an :at we see2 &1 among/ ! ?+s unse51 !re mu/ be an intellig5t design+ ,au?or4 ,! sci5tific writ] has to rememb] t :il/ he may expla9 _m ?+s1 8 "w is a torso unless & until he has ei!r accept$ ! ,creator z ! fir/ ,cause1 :i* he is too (t5 dis9cl9$ to d1 or has suppli$ an equally satisfactory explanation1 :i* he is p]man5tly unable to d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 at lea/ "s def5d]s ( ,!ism 9 ! pa/ might well h borne 9 m9d t1 :il/ we are assur$ ( ! fact ( ,creation1 we "k absolutely no?+ ( its me*anism save t x came ab\t by ! comm& ( ,god4 ,!re is no?+ 9 :i* cle> ?9k+ & cle> writ+ are m necess>y ?an 9 discussions ( ?is k9d2 & too _m ( !m are vitiat$ by an obvi\s lack ( philosophical tra9+ on ! "p ( ! p>ticipants4 ,ev5 9 ?is c>efully writt5 book !re are in/ances ( ?is k9d ( ?+ to :i* we mu/ allude be=e consid]+ its ma9 argum5ts4 ,we "k1 = example1 t !re has exi/$ a m or less complete *a9 ( be+s f monad to man1 t ! "o-to$ horse _h a f\r-to$ ance/or1 t man has desc5d$ f an unkn[n ape-l =m some:]e 9 ! ,t]ti>y4 ,we "k--t is exactly ! opposite ( ! tru?4 ,we "k a ?+ :5 x is susceptible ( pro( accord+ to ! rigid rules ( =mal logic2 :51 to d\bt x1 w\ld be to give rise to a suspicion z to our sanity2 !n we "k a ?+1 b n until !n4 ,n[1 z to ! s5t5ce quot$1 we may all[ ! fir/ "p to pass un*all5g$ ) "s possible demur at ! use ( ! ^w *a94 ,! second s-call$ piece ( k 0 d\bt$ by no less an au?ority ?an ! late ,adam ,s$gwick4 ,! ?ird ass]tion pla9ly & di/9ctly is n ! case2 = ,sci5ce kn[s no?+ :atsoev] ab\t ! orig9 ( man's body4 ,9 #aija ,branco1 a di/+ui%$ palontologi/1 ) no ,!i/ic lean+s z f> z we "k1 told ! _w t man appe>s on our planet z a g5u9e homo novus1 & t palontology kn[s no ance/ors ( man4 ,nor has any discov]y s9ce t date necessitat$ ! modification ( t op9ion4 ,:at ! writ] means by say+ ,we "k is ,i am conv9c$2 b1 ) ! deepe/ respect = 8 und\bt$ position1 ! two ?+s are n q id5tical4 ,biology1 l !ology1 has its dogmas4 ,lead]s h _! disciples & bl9d foll[]s4 ,wise words6 ,!y are ^? ( ! au?or ) :om we are deal+4 ,to say we "k :5 really we only surmise is a misuse ( language1 j z x is also a misuse to ask ! "q ,does nature make a dep>ture f its previ\sly ord]$ proc$ure & sub/itute *ance = law8 s9ce ! ord9>y read] is all too apt to =get t ,nature is a m]e ab/raction1 & t to speak ( ,nature do+ su* or su* a ?+ helps u 9 no way along ! road t[>ds an explanation ( ?+s4 ,or aga93 ,s f> z ! creative p[] ( en]gy is conc]n$1 we are on sure gr\nd4 ,! au?or has a c>eful note on ! ^w creation 7p4 #e71 ! production ( some?+ new out ( no?+1 "u :i* def9ition x is abundantly cle> t en]gy1 :il/ x may be productive1 _c be creative4 ,9 fact1 no?+ c be creative 9 any def9ite & rigid s5se1 save a ,creator ,:o exi/$ f all et]nity & f ,:om all ?+s arose4 ,"o m in/ance ( loose argum5tation1 & we c turn to ! ma9 purport ( ! book4 ,x is a l9k 9 ! au?or's *a9 :i* _c be pass$ )\t exam9ation4 ,ev]ybody is famili> ) ! me?od ( pro( by elim9ation4 ,we set d[n e possible explanation ( a c]ta9 occurr5ce2 we rule out "o aft] ! o!r until b "o is left4 ,if we really h set d[n all ! possible explanations1 & if we are q cle> z to ! fact t all ^? :i* h be5 exclud$ are legitimately put out ( c\rt1 !n ! "o rema9+ explanation mu/ be ! true "o4 ,x is a me?od ( pro( :i* has frequ5tly be5 appli$ to ! vitali/ic problem1 & ) ! greate/ effect1 z x is admitt$ by "s ( ^? :o w\ld greatly l to f9d a mat]iali/ic explanation = t problem 7cf4 ,! ,philosophy ( ,biology1 ,john/one1 p4 #cai74 ,let u see h[ our au?or employs x4 ,:at1 he asks1 is ! int]nal mov+ pr9ciple 9 liv+ sub/ance8 ,& he replies3 ,we may fir/ exclude ! possibility t x acts ei!r ?r\gh sup]natural or teleological int]position ?r\gh an ext]nally creative p[]4 ,v well6 ,philosoph]s tell u t we c assume any position we *oose = ! purposes ( our argum5t1 b t ultimately we mu/ prove t assumption or admit ourselves beat54 ,we look anxi\sly = ! pro( ( ! assumption made by our au?or1 b absolutely no attempt is made to give "o4 ,we mu/ be p>don$1 !re=e1 if we hesitate to accept su* an important /atem5t on 8 m]e ipse dixit4 ,we pass on to ! next elim9ation3 ,al?\gh its visible results are 9 a high degree purposeful1 we may also exclude z unsci5tific ! vitali/ic !ory ( an entele*y#cg or any o!r =m ( int]nal p]fect+ ag5cy di/9ct f kn[n or unkn[n physio-*emical en]gies4 ,:y unsci5tific8 ,numb]s ( high au?orities h n ?\ght x s2 & 9 q rec5t ye>s su* em95t writ]s z ,dries* & ,mc,dougal h writt5 erudite works to prove ?is unsci5tific hypo!sis4 ,is !re any pro( br\ght =w>d = ?is ass]tion & its correspond+ elim9ation8 ,let u cont9ue ! quotation3 ,s9ce c]ta9 =ms ( adaptation :i* 7 =m]ly my/]i\s c n[ be expla9$ )\t ! assumption ( an entele*y we are enc\rag$ to hope t all =ms may be ?us expla9$4 ,! au?or does n tell u :at ! my/]i\s adaptations are1 nor does he (f] u ! explanations :i*1 9 8 op9ion1 expla9 !m4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 criticise 8 views1 & c only rem9d 8 read]s t1 because an explanation plausibly expla9s an occurr5ce1 x is by no means always !re=e c]ta9 to be ! true explanation2 x may1 inde$1 be :olly false4 ,fur!r1 ^? :o h be5 w&]+ = ! pa/ half-c5tury 9 ! fields ( sci5ce h become a little we>i$ ( explanations1 vaunt$1 = p]iods ( five or t5 ye>s1 z ! key to op5 all locks1 & !n ca/ into ! furnace4 ,:at ! au?or w\ld seem to mean by 8 /atem5t is ?is3 ,i am conv9c$ myself t we c d )\t a 'sup]natural' explanation1 & ,i reg>d z 'unsci5tific' any explanation :i* _c be put to ! te/ ( *emi/ry & physics2 h5ce ,i mu/ %ut ! door on any?+ l an entele*y1 &1 t be+ s1 x behoves me to look = "s o!r explanation4 ,( c\rse1 we are putt+ ^! words into ! m\? ( our au?or2 if we 7 deal+ ) ! matt] ourselves we %\ld be incl9$ to argue t1 by ! elim9atory me?od1 *emi/ry & physics d prove1 or d help to prove1 ! exi/5ce ( an entele*y4 ,) ^! expo/ulations we may turn to ! writ]'s pron\ncem5ts on ! vitali/ic "q :i* seem to u to be wor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation4 ,ev]ybody kn[s t !re are two v div]se op9ions on ?is topic2 ! "o t !re is1 ! o!r t !re is n some?+ m--a plus--9 liv+ ?an !re is 9 n-liv+ objects4 ,9 o!r words1 t !re is a diff]5ce ( k9d1 & n m]ely ( degree1 betwe5 a /one & a sp>r[4 ,h5ce ! s*ools ( ?\ght call$ vitali/ic & me*ani/ic4 ,to mo/ p]sons x has up to n[ seem$ impossible t !re c\ld be a ?ird s*ool2 we appe>$ to be confront$ ) :at ! logicians call a ,di*otomy4 ,pr(essor ,osborn seems to u to ?9k o!rwise1 ?\gh he is n :olly cle> on ?is matt]4 ,if we are to reject ! vitali/ic hypo!ses ( ! anci5t ,greeks1 & ! mod]n vitalism ( ,dries*1 ( ,b]gson1 & ( o!rs1 & if1 on ! o!r h&1 we are to view1 z he ?9ks we mu/1 ! cosmos z "o ( limitless & ord]$ en]gy--we h emphasis$ ! ^w ord]$ = reasons :i* w %ortly appe>--we mu/ cle>ly look out = "s middle way4 ,ord]$1 a purely me*ani/ic & mat]iali/ically realis$ cosmos _c be4 ,ord]$ conditions are det]m9$ by :at we agree to call ,laws2 & ^!1 z all mu/ admit1 entail a ,lawgiv]4 ,! alt]native is ,bl9d ,*ance2 & ! au?or1 aft] consid]+ ! "q1 agrees1 z aga9 mo/ reasonable p]sons w agree1 t ,bl9d ,*ance is no explanation ( ?+s z !y are4 ,he quotes a mod]n *emi/ :o1 discuss+ ! probability ( ! environm5tal fitness ( ! e>? = life be+ a m]e *ance process1 rem>ks3 ,!re is1 9 tru?1 n "o *ance 9 c\ntless millions ( millions t ! _m unique prop]ties ( c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg51 & especially ( _! /able comp\nds1 wat] & c>bonic acid1 :i* *iefly make up ! atmosph]e ( a new planet1 %\ld simultane\sly occur 9 ! ?ree elem5ts o!rwise ?an ?r\gh ! op]ation ( a natural law :i* someh[ connects !m toge!r4 ,!re is no great] probability t ^! unique prop]ties %\ld be )\t due cause uniquely fav\rable to ! organic me*anism 7,j4 ,j4 ,h5d]son1 #aiac74 ,if nei!r ( ! classic po9ts ( view is t5able1 :at !n is ! explanation1 if1 inde$1 any be possible8 ,! au?or ca/s "o brief glance d[n t bl9d-alley m>k$ ,elem5t ,way4 ,does "s kn[n elem5t or "s unkn[n elem5t1 to :i* ! "n ,bion might be giv51 exi/ & =m ! s\rce ( ! en]gy 9 liv+ ?+s8 ,radium has only be5 kn[n to u = a few ye>s2 c we say t !re is no su* ?+ z ,bion8 ,( c\rse we _c2 b ?is we c say1 t1 if !re is su* an elem5t & if x is really responsible = all ! protean manife/ations ( life1 wond]ful z radium & its do+s are1 !y mu/ s9k into no?+ness beside ^? ( ?is new & unsuspect$ entity4 ,! au?or evid5tly does n ?9k t ?is pa? is a pr(itable "o to pursue1 & we agree ) him2 s he turns 8 att5tion to ! "q ( en]gy4 ,en]gy is ! capacity = do+ "w4 ,x is (t51 ( c\rse1 lat5t1 z1 = example1 9 a cordite c>tridge1 :i* is a peaceful1 h>mless ?+ until ! en]gy /or$ up 9 x is realis$ ) ! accompany+ explosion & "w is done4 ,x is ! same ) a b5t spr+2 a clock-weight :5 ! clock is n go+1 & s on4 ,we ne$ n develop ?is matt] fur!r2 b "o po9t mu/ be allud$ to1 namely1 ! gradual exhau/ion ( ! available en]gy 9 ! *anges f "o manife/ation to ano!r4 ,9 all physical processes heat is evolv$1 :i* heat is di/ribut$ by conduction & radiation & t5ds to become univ]sally diffus$ ?r\gh\t space4 ,:5 complete uni=mity has be5 atta9$1 all physical ph5om5a w come to an end2 9 o!r words1 our sol> sy/em mu/ come to an end1 & x mu/ h _h a beg9n+4 ,x is a well-kn[n argum5t4 ,is !re any?+ to rew9d ! clock :i* is runn+ d[n be=e our v eyes8 ,x 0 once urg$ t /ell> collisions1 & su*-l ?+s1 might p]mit u to po/ulate a cyclical arrangem5t 7& ?us re>rangem5t7 ( univ]sal ph5om5a2 b t hypo!sis does n seem to f9d any support]s to-day4 ,9 8 int]e/+ book1 already m5tion$1 ,dr4 ,john/one call$ att5tion to ! p[] possess$ by liv+ matt] ( rev]s+ ! process2 b no rev]sal ( ?is k9d & ext5t c make up = ! con/ant degradation ( en]gy :i* is tak+ place all r\nd u4 ,we m5tion ?is because x %[s t en]gy _c1 9 any case1 af=d an et]nal solution1 b only a temporal & !re=e a limit$ "o4 ,no "o d\bts t !re is en]gy 9 ! liv+ ?+1 nor t !re are :at ! au?or calls complexes ( en]gies4 ,no "o1 aga91 w qu>rel ) ! /atem5t t en]gy is fir/ se5 9 ! sun1 9 ! e>?1 9 ! air1 & 9 ! wat]2 t ) life some?+ new appe>s 9 ! univ]se1 namely1 a union ( ! int]nal & ext]nal adju/m5t ( en]gy :i* we appropriately call an ,organism4 ,t ! g]m is an en]gy complex is no d\bt an unprov$ hypo!sis1 z he admits1 b is q likely4 ,) all ^! ass]tions we may agree1 ?\gh we _c ) t :i* foll[s1 namely1 t en]gy is creative1 = t su* is impossible 9 any true s5se ( t ^w we h already tri$ to %[4 ,we h n[ to ask ourselves 9 :at way ?is en]gy conception ( life diff]s f1 or goes beyond1 ! two !ories ( life--me*ani/ic & vitali/ic1 :i* h hi!rto be5 suppos$ to h exhau/$ ! possibilities ( explanation4 ,9 ord] to d ?is we mu/ analyse ! au?or's idea ( en]gy & its relation%ip to biological processes a little m closely4 ,he beg9s 8 /udy ( life & its evolution by consid]+ h[ nutrition & ! d]ivation ( en]gy c h tak5 place be=e *lorophyl _h come into exi/5ce2 & he v p]t95tly po9ts to ! prototrophic bact]ia z probably repres5t+ ! survival ( a primordial /age ( life *emi/ry4 ,?us a primitive fe$]1 ! bact]ium ,nitrosomonas1 = combu/ion 444 takes 9 oxyg5 directly ?r\gh ! int]m$iate action ( iron1 phosphorus or manganese1 ea* ( ! s+le cells be+ a p[]ful little *emical laboratory :i* conta9s oxidis+ catalys]s1 ! activity ( :i* is accel]at$ by ! pres5ce ( iron & manganese4 ,/ill1 9 ! primordial /age1 ,nitrosomonas lives on ammonium sulphate1 tak+ its en]gy 7food7 f ! nitrog5 ( ammonium & =m+ nitrates4 ,liv+ symbiotically ) x is ,nitrobact]1 :i* takes its en]gy 7food7 f ! nitrates =m$ by ,nitrosomonas1 oxidis+ !m into nitrates4 ,?us ^! two species illu/rate 9 its simple/ =m our law ( ! int]action ( an organism 7,nitrobact]7 ) its life environm5t 7,nitrosomonas7 7p4 #hb1 au?or's italics74 ,once "o has got to ?is /age1 x is ex hypo!si easy to asc5d ?r\gh ! vegetable & animal worlds & to =mulate ! v>i\s laws :i* appe> to h %ap$ ! evolution ( life & ( species4 ,we are !n )9 ! sy/em1 b to arrive at any?+ wor?y ( ! "n ( an explanation we h fir/ to get )9 ! sy/em4 ,ev5 !n !re rema9s ov] ! task ( expla9+ h[ ! sy/em comes to be !re to get inside (4 ,! writ] talks ( 8 example z ! simple/ =m4 ,yet1 9 8 own words1 x is a p[]ful little *emical laboratory1 well /ock$ ) catalys]s & o!r pot5t means = c>ry+ on its "w4 ,simple6 ,well1 no d\bt comp>atively simple1 b 9 reality complex almo/ beyond ! p[] ( words to describe4 ,a *emical laboratory6 ,yes2 & "o :i* p]=ms mo/ delicate op]ations4 ,well /ock$ ) catalys]s6 ,& :at are !y8 ,mo/ wond]ful ?+s :i* induce *ange )\t !mselves und]go+ any2 discov]ies ( q rec5t date z to :i* we /ill "k b little4 ,simple seems h>dly ! ^w to apply1 save 9 /rict relation to o!r & high] =ms4 ,h[ did ?is laboratory come into exi/5ce8 ,9 :at way did x le>n to d its "w8 ,h[ did catalys]s come to be8 ,0 all ?is m]e *ance-m$ley8 ,x is ,paley's example ( ! wat* f\nd on ! hea? once m4 ,does x help u 9 any way to talk ab\t en]gy & complexes ( en]gy & ! creative =ce ( en]gy8 ,to u x does n seem to advance matt]s "o little bit4 ,ei!r ^! op]ations ( ,nitrosomonas are det]m9$ or !y are n2 ei!r !y are ! result ( a law or !y are ! result ( bl9d *ance2 9 ei!r case ! en]gy :i* is involv$ mu/ act accord+ to ! conditions ord]$ or n ord]$4 ,9 o!r words3 if x is ! dom9ant factor1 z ! writ] w\ld lead u to suppose2 if !re is direction1 !n ! action ( en]gy mu/ be directive2 &1 if x is directive1 9 :at possible way does x diff]1 save 9 "n1 f ! old entele*y or vital pr9ciple1 or :atev] else "o may *oose to call x8 ,on ! o!r h&1 if !re is no su* a ?+ z direction1 if ev]y?+ happ5s by *ance1 if ! me*ani/ic !ory is "r1 h[ does en]gy save u f complete surr5d] to t !ory8 ,f all ?is x w\ld appe> t :il/ en]gy is con/antly be+ exhibit$ 7& 9 all sorts ( manife/ations7 by ! liv+ object1 t does n expla9 any?+1 s9ce x does n expla9 h[ en]gy orig9ally came to be1 nor h[ x came to "w "u ! laws :i* seem to gov]n x4 ,x is "o m add$ to ! long li/ ( explanations1 :i* hopelessly break d[n because ^? :o h put !m =w>d h nev] app>5tly appli$ !mselves to ! task ( grasp+ ! important diff]5ce betwe5 a f9al & an int]m$iate cause4 ,let u sum up ?is "p ( our au?or's tea*+ 9 ! light ( ?is di/9ction4 ,! organism is a mat]ial complex1 & all sorts ( actions & reactions take place 9 x4 ,!y are subject to ! laws ( physics1 & notably to ^? relat+ to en]gy & its trans=mations4 ,x has int]nal en]gies :i* mu/ be adju/$ to "o ano!r & n less to ^? ar\nd x2 t is to say1 x mu/ be m or less 9 h>mony ) its environm5t4 ,!re are ! problems ( g]m-plasm1 & its transmission2 ! effect on x1 if any1 ( ! body1 & ! reaction ( ! body to its environm5t4 ,!re are also ! catalys]s ( :i* we h spok51 ) _m problems associat$ ) !m1 & ?r[+ a possible & unexpect$ light on ! vex$ "q ( ,vitalism & ! ,cons]vation ( ,en]gy4 ,!re are all ^! ?+s1 manife/ations ( en]gy2 !re is ! wat*1 & x is go+4 ,b1 z we rem>k$ else:]e1 ! fact t we h le>n$ t ! resili5cy ( ! spr+ 9 ! wat* makes x g does n exhau/ ! explanation ( ! wat* any m ?an ! fact t we "k some?+ ( ! actions & reactions ( en]gy 9 ! organism exhau/s its explanation4 ,! wat* is go+2 s is ! organism4 ,ea* ( !m1 9 a s5se1 is a wond]ful little laboratory 9 :i* manife/ations ( en]gy are con/antly tak+ place4 ,! wat*mak] con/ruct$ ! wat* = t purpose2 :o or :at con/ruct$ ! organism8 ,d>w9 & ! ,d>w9ians w\ld h said--,natural ,selection4 ,9 fact1 ,d>w9 r lam5t$ t ! old argum5t f design 9 nature1 z giv5 by ,paley1 :i* =m]ly seem$ to me to be s conclusive1 fails n[ t ! law ( ,natural ,selection has be5 discov]$4 ,we c no long] argue t1 = in/ance1 ! beautiful h+e ( a bivalve %ell mu/ h be5 made by an intellig5t be+1 l ! h+e ( a door by man4 ,!re seems to be no m design 9 ! v>iability ( organic be+s1 & 9 ! action ( ,natural ,selection1 ?an 9 ! c\rse :i* ! w9d bl[s4 ,!re aga9 ,d>w9 fell into a mi/ake1 because he confus$ an int]m$iate ) a f9al cause4 ,ev5 if ,natural ,selection 7 all t ! mo/ ultra-,d>w9ian c\ld claim x to be1 x c\ld n1 z ,dries* & o!rs h %[n1 exhau/ ! explanation ( ! organism4 ,z a matt] ( fact ! _w ( sci5ce is v f> f ?9k+ ( ,natural ,selection z any?+ m ?an a factor1 p]haps ev5 a m9or factor1 9 evolution4 ,! au?or ( ! "w ) :i* we are deal+ tells u t ,d>w9's law ( selection z a natural explanation ( ! orig9 ( all fitness 9 =m & function has lo/ its pre/ige at ! pres5t "t1 & all ( ,d>w9ism :i* n[ meets ) univ]sal acceptance is ! law ( ! survival ( ! fitte/1 a limit$ application ( ,d>w9's great idea z express$ by ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,b let t pass4 ,9 ano!r place ! au?or makes x cle> t ! explanations ( to-day1 includ+ 8 own1 d n exhau/ ! subject1 = he says x is incumb5t on u to discov] ! cause ( ! ord]ly orig9 ( e "*4 ,! nature ( su* a law we _c ev5 dream ( at pres5t1 = ! causes ( ! majority ( v]tebrate adaptations rema9 :olly unkn[n4 ,9 any case we mu/ acc\nt = ,natural ,selection2 = if x is a ,law--z "s d\bt--x mu/ h _h a ,lawgiv]4 ,! wat* mu/ h be5 an ,idea 9 "s "o's m9d be=e x became an accompli%$ fact1 & ,natural ,selection or any o!r ,law ( ,nature mu/--unless all reason is nons5se & all nons5se reason--also h be5 an ,idea be=e x became a factor4 ,^: ,idea8 ,our au?or does n help u to answ] ?is "q4 ,on ! contr>y--he tries to set an unclimbable f5ce 9 ! way ( any answ] by tell+ u1 ?\gh )\t any conv9c+ argum5t to support 8 /atem5t1 t we may exclude ! possibility t x ! int]nal mov+ pr9ciple acts ei!r ?r\gh sup]natural or teleological int]position ?r\gh an ext]nally creative p[]4 ,b ?\gh he refuses to all[ u to look 9 ?is direction = a solution ( our difficulties1 x mu/ be confess$ t he does n help u ) any o!r answ] satisfy+ ! "q ( ! orig9 & evolution ( ,life4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #cf3 ,! ,orig9 & ,evolution ( ,life2 or1 ! ,!ory ( ,action1 ,reaction1 & ,int]action ( ,en]gy4 ,by ,f4 ,h4 ,osborn4 7,g4 ,bell ,sons47 ,footnote #cg3 ,by entele*y--an ,ari/otelian t]m re-introduc$ by ,dries*--is meant an ag5cy o!r ?an "o ( a purely *emico-physical "*1 :i* diff]5tiates liv+ f n-liv+ sub/ance1 & is responsible = ! ph5om5on ( life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,index ,,( ,,names ,agassiz1 #adb ,all51 ,grant1 #he ,aqu9as1 ,/4 ,?omas1 #fj1 #adg1 #aec ,au/51 ,miss1 #cb ,avic5na1 #aec ,balf\r1 ,rt4 ,hon4 ,a4 ,j41 #aaf ,bassi1 ,laura1 #aee ,bateson1 ,w41 ,f4,r4,s41 #d1 #g1 #aa1 #aah1 #aej ,bax1 ,bel=t1 #cg ,b5son1 ,mgr41 #hd1 #hh1 #id1 #aja ,b]gson1 #aea1 #aff ,b]nh>di1 #bj ,bord51 ,sir ,rob]t1 #abb ,branco1 #afb ,buffon1 #ajj ,butl]1 ,samuel #dd1 #fa ,*e/]ton1 ,g4 ,k41 #aac ,clodd1 ,e41 #hf ,conklyn1 #bc ,c[p]1 #cg ,cri*ton-,br[ne1 #bj ,cuvi]1 #adb ,d>w91 #aaf1 #aca1 #aej1 #agc ,devas1 ,mr4 #bg1 #abj ,dew>1 ,pr(4 ,sir ,j41 ,f4,r4,s41 #aac ,doyle1 ,sir ,a4 ,c41 #df1 #ea ,dries*1 #d1 #g1 #bd1 #fi1 #afd1 #aff1 #agc ,fallopius1 #if1 #add ,field+1 #ca ,gosse1 ,e41 #ci ,gosse1 ,philip1 #ih ,grant ,all51 #he ,healy1 ,fa!r--,tale (1 #dj ,h5d]son1 ,j4 ,j41 #afg ,h5sl[1 #bd ,hull1 ,fr4 ,e41 ,s4,j41 #ajc ,huxley1 #gd1 #ih1 #aja1 #aag ,johnson1 ,dr4 #dh1 #afa1 #afh ,joly1 ,pr(41 ,f4,r4,s41 #aaj ,kelv91 ,"l1 #aea ,lanke/]1 #ae ,laud]1 ,h>ry1 #b ,l$uc1 #b1 #fb ,lodge1 ,sir ,o41 #c1 #he ,loeb1 ,j14 #eh1 #fb ,lucas1 ,e4 ,v41 on ! ,w>1 #dg ,mcd\gal1 #afd ,mahaffy1 ,sir ,john1 #aaa ,m>ett1 #ae1 #af ,masefield1 #dh ,m5del1 #ge1 #ace ,milton1 #ade ,miv>t1 ,pr(41 #if ,ne$ham1 ,john ,turb]ville1 #aed ,newman1 #cc1 #ch ,newton1 ,! ,rev4 ,j41 #ch ,nietzs*e1 #ai ,osborne1 ,pr(41 #afj ,paley1 #afj ,pa/eur1 #aeg ,p]k91 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h41 #ajg ,p\*et1 #aeg ,prie/ley1 #aef ,r$i1 ,francisco1 #aec ,ri*>dson1 #ca ,rignano1 #be1 #fb ,ryd]1 ,dr41 #ea ,sabati]1 #aac ,s*wann1 ,!odor1 #aeg ,scott1 ,pr(41 #adb ,scott1 ,! ,rev4 ,?omas1 #ch ,s$gwick1 ,adam1 #afb ,spallanzani1 ,laz>o1 #aee ,/5s51 ,nicolaus1 #ge1 #ig1 #ii ,tild51 ,sir ,william1 #fd ,tyson1 ,edw>d1 #gg ,wasmann1 #bf1 #aej ,wells1 ,h4 ,g41 #di ,:iff51 #bj ,,g5]al ,,index ,adam1 #adf ,adr5als1 #fc ,aft]-,*ri/ians1 #abj ,aggressive mimicry1 #abc ,alb9o race1 ,an1 #abh ,amazonian ,indians1 #bj ,anatomie ( a ,pygmie1 #gg ,ance/ral peculi>ities1 #acc ,anil9e dyes1 #ajg ,arrangem5t1 #h1 #acg ,bact]ia1 ,prototrophic1 #afi ,badis*e ,anil9e ,fabrik1 #ajf1 #aji ,ba?ybius1 #ih ,bion1 #afg ,bl9d ,*ance1 #aff ,bondage ( ,k1 ,!1 #hd ,botanic ,g>d51 #aca ,bre$+ ,committees1 #aai ,bre$+ ,true1 #abf ,bricks & ,build]s1 #aci ,bugbe> ( ,hell1 #ba1 #aai ,calv9ism1 #cb ,c>tesian idea ( ! s\l1 #fi ,cataly/s1 #aac1 #agj ,celibacy1 #abj ,cell-,!ory1 ,!1 #aeg ,*ance-,m$ley1 #acd ,*romat91 #acj ,colloids1 #fb ,cont9uity1 #df ,conv]sion1 #cd ,c[>dice1 ,alleg$1 ( ,ca?olic ,sci5ti/s1 #ii ,creation1 #afc2 a me?od (1 #add ,criticisms on ! ,p5tateu*1 #de ,cutt+ up ( ,frogs1 #aae ,cytolysis1 #fe ,dabney1 ,mr41 #dg ,def5ce ( ! ,realm ,act1 #hb ,degradation ( ,en]gy1 #afh ,d]ivative ,creation1 #adf ,discont9uity1 #c ,ducks & ,drakes1 #aef ,duck's ,egg1 #abe1 #acj ,dye-/uffs1 #ajg ,elim9ation1 ,pro( by1 #afc ,en]gy1 #af ,en]gy1 ,degradation (1 #afi ,entele*y1 #afd1 #aga ,eskimo1 #ai ,esmond1 #ca ,essays & ,reviews1 #de ,eug5ics1 #aag ,evangelicanism1 #cb1 #cc1 #dd ,exhibitions1 ,int]national1 ( #ahea & #ahfb1 #aj ,ext]m9ation ( ! ,less ,fit1 #abb ,families1 ,re/rict$1 #aah ,fa!r & ,son1 #ci ,=ce & ,en]gy1 a ,!ory ( ,dynamics1 #he ,=ce ( ,tru?1 ,!1 #ch ,=maldehyde1 #b ,fossils1 ,explanation (1 #ig ,free ,fir/ ,cause1 #add1 #aea ,free?9k]s & tol]ance1 ju/ice1 & g5tl5ess1 #gc ,g]m9ation1 #fe ,guide1 ! ,*ur* a1 #ib ,hapsburg lip1 ,!1 #abg ,h>moni\s-,equipot5tial ,sy/em1 #fi ,h]$ity 9 ! ,law ,c\rts1 #bi ,hormones1 #fc ,horse1 ,p$igree ( !1 #afa ,imprimatur1 ,!1 #gg ,9-&-9 bre$+1 #abg ,index ,prohibitorius1 #ie ,indu/rial ,sci5tific ,rese>*1 ,dep>tm5t (1 #aad ,inh]itance3 ,*emical !ory1 #acd2 ,mnemic !ory1 #e1 #fa1 #acc2 ,p>ticulate !ories1 #fa1 #acb ,jack1 ,jill1 & ,joan1 #aai ,jungle1 ,! law (1 #abb ,k+-crabs1 #ade ,lamp-%ells1 #ade ,law & ,h]$ity1 ,!1 #abi ,law & ,lawgiv]1 #i ,law ( ,nature1 #agd ,law's ,s]i\s ,call1 #ca ,lib]ty1 p]sonal1 #hg ,life & ,habit1 #fa ,life1 ,orig9 (1 #afj ,little ,dorrit1 #aab ,loss & ,ga91 #cc ,maggots 9 meat1 #aec ,man's p$igree1 #afa ,m>riage1 #di ,mauve1 #ajg ,m$iate ,creation1 #adg ,memory1 unconsci\s1 #e ,m5delism1 #f ,me?od ( ,creation1 #add1 #afa ,microm]i/ic !ories1 #e ,mimicry1 #abc ,mnemic ,!ory ( ,inh]itance1 ,!1 #e1 #fa1 #acc ,mona/ic ,ord]s1 #aba ,monophyletic evolution1 #aea ,multitude & ,solitude1 #dh ,naturalism & ,agno/icism1 #eg ,natural ,selection1 #ai1 #abb1 #agc ,nature does ?is1 #acf1 #afb ,nature's insurg5t son1 #ae ,new ,republic1 ,!1 #ef ,new ,revelation1 ,!1 #df1 #ea ,nitrobact]1 #agj ,novels & ,noveli/s1 #cj ,occam's razor1 #bi ,occultism1 #bh1 #ea ,ord]$ en]gy1 #aff ,organism z a :ole1 #ch ,orig9 ( ,species1 #aej ,ov] ,bem]tons1 #dg ,ox=d ,movem5t1 #cc ,pamela1 #cb ,pang5esis1 #fa1 #aca ,pan!ism1 #i ,p>adise ,lo/1 #ade ,p>son ,adams1 #ca ,p>ticulate ,!ories ( ,inh]itance1 #fa1 #acb ,p]sonal ,lib]ty1 #ha ,philosophy ( ,biology1 ,!1 #afc ,phylog5y1 #d1 #adi ,plym\? ,bre?r51 #ii ,political lead]s ( ! day1 #aad ,polyphyletic hypo!sis1 ,!1 #aej ,porto ,santo rabbits1 #adh ,po/-,*ri/ians1 #bg ,prototrophic bact]ia1 #afi ,provid5tissimus ,deus1 #ajc ,pugs & ,greyh\nds1 #abf ,purposefulness3 a /range confession z to1 #ei ,raymond1 #ea ,resili5cy1 #agb ,re/rict$ families1 #aah ,sabbat>ianism1 #cf ,sal>ies ( ,sci5tific ,tea*]s1 #aab ,saurians1 #ade ,sci5ce1 ,ca?olic ,m5 (1 #ge-f ,sci5ce1 ,neglect (1 at ,s*ools1 #aji ,s91 ,my?ical ,ideas (1 #abc ,six-f+]$ race1 ,a1 #abh ,slav]y 9 ! ,/ate1 #bd ,slime ( ! ,e>?1 #adf ,social ,v]m91 #aah ,"s ,revelations z to ',raymond1' #ec ,special ,creation1 #adb ,sp]matozoon1 #fe ,spiritualism & ! ,w>1 #ej ,spontane\s ,g5]ation1 #aeb ,spr+s 9 ! wat*1 ,!1 #agb ,/9ks ,m51 #aaj ,survival ( ! ,fitte/1 #abb ,syngamy1 #fe ,syn!tic drugs1 #ajg ,telepa?y1 #b ,t]atomata1 #fe ,!ophobia1 #bf ,!rmos flask1 ,!1 #aac ,?r[s back1 #abh ,trilobites1 #ade ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 #aaj ,tyranny ( ! ,*ur*1 #ia ,uncle ,remus & ! rabbit's tail1 #abg ,unconsci\s ,memory1 #e1 #fa ,univ]sities1 ,m$ival1 #ge ,vitalism & ,anti-,vitalism1 #fh1 #afe ,way ( ,all ,fle%1 ,!1 #dd ,wisdom1 ,book (1 #abc ,wolff's ,exp]im5t1 #fi 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,hazell1 ,,watson ,,& ,,v9ey1 ,,ld41 ,,london ,,& ,,aylesbury4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note3 ,e ef=t has be5 made to replicate ?is text z fai?fully z possible1 includ+ obsolete & v>iant spell+s4 ,obvi\s typographical errors 9 punctuation 7misplac$ quotes & ! l7 h be5 fix$4 ,corrections 9 brackets 9 ! text are not$ bel[3 page #he ye>s 9 inve/igat+4 ,! man :o sets out to make a rese>*1 )\t fir/ ac]ta9+asc]ta9+ :at o!rs h done 9 t direction1 proposes to page #aba 7,footnote #cb7 ,conklyn1 ,h]$ity & ,environm5t 9 ! ,developm5t ( ,m54 ,pr9cet[n,pr9ceton ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiae4 page #acf m]e p]sonification & means ei!r *ance-m$ley or a ,creator1 accord+ to ! old dilemna4dilemma ,!re is a v curi\s example ( ?is inability page #aec3 ,we come to close qu>t]s ) ! "q itself 9 #affh1 :5 ,franceso,francesco ,r$i 7#afbf-afig7 publi%$ 8 book on ! g5]ation ( insects