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,,c>ol9a ,%ankl91 ,pr(4 ,a4 ,g41 ,clemson ,college ,,texas ,burkett1 ,j4 ,h41 ,nut ,speciali/1 ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,clyde ,trumbull1 ,r4 ,s41 ,agricultural ,ag5t1 ,el ,paso ,s4 ,w4 ,sy/em ,mor5ci ,s\!rn ,r4 ,r4 ,co41 ,el ,paso ,,v]mont ,holbrook1 ,f4 ,c41 ,brattleboro ,,virg9ia ,p>i%1 ,john ,s41 ,univ]sity ,,wa%+ton ,ba9es1 ,william1 ,okanogan ,,we/ ,,virg9ia ,brooks1 ,fr$ ,e41 ,fr5* ,creek ,cannaday1 ,dr4 ,john ,eg]ton1 ,*>le/on1 ,box #fic ,h>tzell1 ,b4 ,f41 ,%eph]d/[n ,mi%1 ,a4 ,f41 ,inwood ,,wiscons9 ,lang1 ,rob]t ,b41 ,rac9e1 ,box #ajc ,pat*51 ,dr4 ,g4 ,w41 ,manit[oc 99 ,life memb]4 ,honor>y memb]4 ,,con/itution ,,article ,i ,"n4 ,?is society %all be kn[n z ! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association4 ,,article ,,ii ,object4 ,its object %all be ! promotion ( int]e/ 9 nutbe>+ plants1 _! products & _! culture4 ,,article ,,iii ,memb]%ip4 ,memb]%ip 9 ! society %all be op5 to all p]sons :o desire to fur!r nut culture1 )\t ref]5ce to place ( resid5ce or nationality1 subject to ! rules & regulations ( ! committee on memb]%ip4 ,,article ,,iv ,(fic]s4 ,!re %all be a presid5t1 a vice-presid5t1 a secret>y & a treasur]1 :o %all be elect$ by ballot at ! annual meet+2 & an executive committee ( six p]sons1 ( :i* ! presid5t1 ! two la/ retir+ presid5ts1 ! vice-presid5t1 ! secret>y & ! treasur] %all be memb]s4 ,!re %all be a /ate vice-presid5t f ea* /ate1 dep5d5cy1 or c\ntry repres5t$ 9 ! memb]%ip ( ! association1 :o %all be appo9t$ by ! presid5t4 ,,article ,v ,election ( ,(fic]s4 ,a committee ( five memb]s %all be elect$ at ! annual meet+ = ! purpose ( nom9at+ (fic]s = ! foll[+ ye>4 ,,article ,,vi ,meet+s4 ,! place & "t ( ! annual meet+ %all be select$ by ! memb]%ip 9 session or1 9 ! ev5t ( no selection be+ made at ?is "t1 ! executive committee %all *oose ! place & "t = ! hold+ ( ! annual conv5tion4 ,su* o!r meet+s z may seem desirable may be call$ by ! presid5t & executive committee4 ,,article ,,vii ,quorum4 ,t5 memb]s ( ! association %all con/itute a quorum1 b mu/ include two ( ! f\r elect$ (fic]s4 ,,article ,,viii ,am5dm5ts4 ,?is con/itution may be am5d$ by a two-?irds vote ( ! memb]s pres5t at any annual meet+1 notice ( su* am5dm5t hav+ be5 read at ! previ\s annual meet+1 or a copy ( ! propos$ am5dm5t hav+ be5 mail$ by any memb] to ea* memb] ?irty days be=e ! date ( ! annual meet+4 ,,by-,,laws ,,article ,i ,committees4 ,! association %all appo9t /&+ committees z foll[s3 ,on memb]%ip1 on f9ance1 on programme1 on press & publication1 on nom5clature1 on promis+ se$l+s1 on hybrids1 & an audit+ committee4 ,! committee on memb]%ip may make recomm5dations to ! association z to ! discipl9e or expulsion ( any memb]4 ,,article ,,ii ,fees4 ,! fees %all be ( two k9ds1 annual & life4 ,! =m] %all be two doll>s1 ! latt] tw5ty doll>s4 ,,article ,,iii ,memb]%ip4 ,all annual memb]%ips %all beg9 ei!r ) ! fir/ day ( ! cal5d> qu>t] foll[+ ! date ( jo9+ ! ,association1 or ) ! fir/ day ( ! cal5d> qu>t] prec$+ t date z may be arrang$ betwe5 ! new memb] & ! ,treasur]4 ,,article ,,iv ,am5dm5ts4 ,by-laws may be am5d$ by a two-?irds vote ( memb]s pres5t at any annual meet+4 ,,proce$+s ,,at ,,! ,,elev5? ,,annual ,,conv5tion ,,( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,wa%+ton ,d4 ,c4 ,octob] #g & #h #aibj ,! ,association 0 call$ to ord] at #aj a4 m4 ,?ursday ,octob] #g? by ! ,presid5t1 ,hon4 ,william ,s4 ,l9ton1 ( ,sag9aw1 ,mi*igan1 9 ! auditorium ( ! ,new ,national ,museum4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,x has be5 some?+ ( an ef=t = me to rea* "h at t5 o'clock 9 ord] to meet ! obligations ( ! program z x 0 only a few days ago t ,i 0 9 l[] ,cali=nia v ne> ! ,pacific ,ocean 9 old ,mexico4 ,z ,i turn$ ab\t to come back t[>d ! ,ea/ ! ?\ght came into my m9d t ,i mu/ be 9 ,wa%+ton ,d4 ,c4 at ! annual meet+ ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association at t5 o'clock on ,?ursday morn+ ,octob] #g4 ,travel+ ov] ?ree ?\s& miles ,i 0 =tunate en\gh to get "h j two m9utes be=e ! t5 o'clock h\r s ! connections y w see 7 close4 ,! pap] t y\r presid5t is to pres5t comes at a lat] place on ! program s we w proce$ ) ! bus9ess session at once4 ,! fir/ ?+ on ! program is ! report ( ! ,secret>y & ,treasur]4 ,,receipts ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,dec4 #a1aiai;,jan4 #a1aibj to to ,total ,balance ,dec4#ca1aiai,sep4#cj1aibj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,balance on h& date ( la/ report1 ,dec4 #a1 #aiai3 ,special hickory prize #be4jj1 ,life memb]%ip #be4jj1 ,= regul> exp5ses #ajf4ec #aef4ec ,f annual memb]s includ+ jo9t subscription to ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal #be4be #cfh4aj #cic4ce #i4jj #i4jj ,reports #be4jj #be4jj ,contributions = prizes3 ,contribution = special hickory prize #be4jj #be4jj ,bullet9 ,no4 #e #eg4fj #eg4fj ----------------------------- #be4be #dhd4gj #eji4ie #eji4ie ------- #fff4dh ,,exp5ditures ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal1 _! portion ( jo9t subscriptions #bb4jj #ih4jj #abj4jj #aiai ,conv5tion #h4ge #acg4fh #adf4dc ,pr9t+ ,bullet9 ,no4 #e #fc4ej #fc4ej ,clasp envelopes = ,bullet9 ,no4 #e & = reports #cj4bj #cj4bj ,/ation]y1 pr9t+ & supplies #aaf4de #aaf4de ,po/age1 express1 etc4 #df4jd #df4jd ,prizes #aiai conte/ 7n all s5t out be=e ,oct4 #a7 #ac4jj #ac4jj ,special hickory prize ,eug5e ,j4 ,cl>k1 ,ludl[1 ,mass4 #be4jj #be4jj ,adv]tis+ #aibj ,nut ,conte/ 7n all paid be=e ,oct4 #a7 #cj4fj #cj4fj -------------------------------- #cj4ge #efj4dg #eia4bb #eia4bb #cj4ge #efj4dg #eia4bb ,balance on h& ,oct4 #a1 #aibj #eia4bb ,special hickory prize #be4jj ,life memb]%ip #be4jj ,= regul> exp5ses #be4bf -------- #fff4dh ,v]ifi$ by ,c4 ,p4 ,,close1 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,audit+ ,committee4 ,! above are records ( receipts & exp5ditures = #aj mon?s & are ab\t #hb ( ^? = ! p]iod cov]$ by ! previ\s report1 #b ye>s #c mon?s4 ,!re has be5 an e>ne/ attempt to c>ry on ! "w ( ! ,secret>y-,treasur] 9 a m aggressive mann] ?an be=e4 ,a bullet9 aim+ to give up to date in=mation on nut gr[+1 ,bullet9 ,no4 #e1 has be5 issu$ & has gone well4 ,:ile x has be5 sold1 no attempt has be5 made to make money on x b simply to make x pay its way & app>5tly x is go+ to d t & assi/ 9 spread+ in=mation ab\t ! "w ( ! ,association4 ,sixty-six new memb]s h jo9$ ! ,association s9ce ! date ( ! la/ meet+1 mak+ #dgf s9ce organization1 ( :i* we h #aii1 & ( :om #bgg h dropp$ out4 ,a few =m] memb]s h jo9$ s9ce ! date ( ! la/ report :i* app>5tly acc\nts = ! /range fact t increase 9 memb]%ip 7#abh to #aii7 is great] ?an ! numb] ( new memb]s4 ,foll[+ out ! plan outl9$ at ! ,battle ,creek ,conv5tion1 ! "w ( ! ,secret>y-,treasur] has begun to be divid$1 ! und]sign$ tak+ ! duties ( ,treasur] & ! ,nut ,conte/s & ,dr4 ,dem+ tak+ ! ,conv5tions & ! "w ( ! ,secret>y prop] until ! expect$ action ( ! pres5t conv5tion %all =mally divide ! "w ( ! ,secret>y-,treasur] & create ! (fices ( ,secret>y & ,treasur]4 ,respectfully submitt$1 ,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby4 ,secret>y-,treasur]4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,?is is a v good report1 complete 9 e detail1 & unless o!r action is desir$1 x w be receiv$ & record$ 9 ! m9utes ( ! meet+4 ,mr4 ,re$1 y are *airman ( ! committee t _h 9 *>ge ! tree-plant+ bill 9 ord] t x might be made uni=m ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,h y a report to make8 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ! committee memb]s h be5 ov] t individually b h n _h an opportunity to discuss x toge!r4 ,if a full report c be _h a little lat] ,i ?9k t w\ld be m satisfactory4 ,s f> z ,i h be5 able to g into x ! law seems to ab\t cov] ! gr\nd4 ,i c\ld n make any sugge/ions z to h[ x c\ld be improv$4 ,i happ5 to "k t ! au?or ( ! bill1 :o is our presid5t1 has be5 call$ ^u by sev]al o!r /ates to discuss su* a law = ^? /ates1 & ,i ?9k he is 9 ! be/ position to tell u if !re are any holes 9 x4 ,if we c h ! cons5t ( ! h\se we w def] a full report until we c discuss ! matt] ) our presid5t & ) our committee z a :ole4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,we w take t c\rse unless !re are objections4 ,! communications receiv$ by ! act+ secret>y w be fil$ & pr9t$ 9 ! proce$+s4 ,if !re are no vice-presid5ts pres5t :o are prep>$ to make reports t ord] w be pass$4 ,at ?is "t %\ld come ! appo9tm5t ( committees b ,i ?9k x w\ld be well to def] t bus9ess until we c consult z to ! memb]%ip ( ! committees4 ,! next 9 ord] w be "s rem>ks by ,mr4 ,littlepage ab\t ! propos$ aft]noon excursion4 ,,! ,,act+ ,,secret>y3 ,! speak]s are ,dr4 ,van ,fleet1 ,mr4 ,littlepage & ,pr(essor ,close4 ,i h "h ! resume ( ,dr4 ,van ,fleet & ,i ?9k t x w\ld be bett] p]haps to read ! report ( ,dr4 ,van ,fleet at once z x may h "s be>+ on ! rem>ks ( ,mr4 ,littlepage & ,pr(essor ,close4 ,,*e/nut ,,"w ,,at ,,bell ,,exp]im5t ,,plot ,,dr4 ,,walt] ,,van ,,fleet1 ,,gl5dale1 ,,m>yl& ,our bre$+ "w ) *e/nuts began z f> back z #ahid :5 pi/illate blooms ( ! ,p>agon v>iety1 !n a novelty j com+ into use1 7 du/$ ) poll5 f a native sweet *e/nut be>+ good-siz$ nuts4 ,! ,p>agon /igma 7 protect$ f ! influ5ce ( o!r poll5 by bagg+ & gave a good set ( fruits4 ,! idea 0 to improve ! quality ( ! ,p>agon nuts ev5 at ! exp5se ( size4 ,! result+ se$l+s 7 gr[n at ,little ,silv]1 ,new ,j]sey1 & rapidly ran up into good-siz$ trees1 com+ into be>+ twelve ye>s lat]4 ,9 fruit & tree *>act]s !y prov$ a complete bl5d ( ! p>5t species1 ! nuts be+ d\ble ! size ( ! wild p>5t & ( sweet1 ri* quality4 ,! trees 7 v %apely & bid fair to become extremely productive b a ye> or two lat] 7 all attack$ by ! dread$ blight or b>k disease1 !n spread+ f its orig9al />t+ po9t 9 ,long ,isl&4 ,! "w ( de/ruction 0 v rapid & by ! ?ird ye> all 7 hopelessly crippl$1 b a few individuals cont9u$ to s5d up suck]s z late z #aiaf4 ,! success ( ?is poll9ation exp]im5t enc\rag$ ! writ] to attempt bre$+ ! dw>f e>ly-be>+ *9quap9 ) ! l>ge-fruit$ =eign v>ieties 9 ! hope ( secur+ hybrids ) nuts ( fair size & good quality t might come quickly into be>+4 ,z ! *9quap9 does n naturally gr[ 9 ,nor!rn ,new ,j]sey1 & plants 7 r>ely (f]$ by nurs]ym51 rec\rse 0 _h to gr[+ !m f se$ & a quantity ( newly collect$ nuts 7 furni%$ by a fri5d 9 ,wa%+ton 9 #ahii4 ,x requir$ ?ree ye>s "t to br+ ! se$l+s into fruit & x 0 n until #aijc t a />t 0 actually made 9 ! "w ( hybridization4 ,a selection 0 made ( a compact dw>f bu% t bore v sweet nuts ( a good size = ! species & gave promise1 :i* 0 lat] fulfill$1 ( becom+ v prolific4 ,! male1 or /am9ate tassels 7 c>efully remov$ ea* day be=e maturity &1 to w>d (f undesir$ =eign poll51 a clo? t5t 0 us$ to cov] ! bu% 9 addition to bagg+ _m ( ! fl[]+ bran*es4 ,poll5 = cross+ 0 secur$ f ,p>agon & ,numbo1 ( ! ,european species1 & ( sev]al nam$ v>ieties ( ,japan *e/nut includ+ ,p>ry's ,giant1 ,kill5 & ,hale1 & 9 addition a few blooms 7 int5tionally f]tiliz$ ) poll5 f local sweet *e/nut trees4 ,ne>ly "o hundr$ hybrid se$l+s result$ f ! "w 9 two succe$+ seasons1 "s ( :i* came into be>+ 9 #aijh1 j z ! ,endo?ia blight began to invade ,new ,j]sey4 ,! hybrids betwe5 ! *9quap9s & native & ,european *e/nuts 7 quickly infect$1 b ^? ) ,japan v>ieties appe>$ f> m resi/ant4 ,all "w ) ! susceptible native & ,europeans ceas$1 b crosses ) ,japans & ! ,*9ese *e/nut1 ,ca/anea ,molissima1 h be5 cont9u$ until n[ !re are ov] eight hundr$ 9 exi/5ce4 ,9 late ye>s we h us$ ! ,s\!rn creep+ *9quap91 ,c4 alnifolia1 z a se$ p>5t to "s ext5t1 z x appe>s m resi/ant ?an ! common species1 ,c4 pumila1 ?\gh x _c be consid]$ immune4 ,! s\!rn *9quap9 is h>dy 9 ! ,nor?1 be>s good-siz$1 sweet nuts = its type1 b is v late 9 rip5+4 ,! ,ru% *9quap91 & o!r l>ge-fruit$1 tall gr[+ v>ieties h also be5 us$ to "s ext5t4 ,! result+ hybrids make h&some trees ( rapid gr[? & be> pr(use crops ( v attractive nuts1 b are greatly injur$ by blight4 ,z exp]i5ce accumulat$ x 0 f\nd t ! extreme caution us$ 9 ! e>li] trials to keep out =eign poll5 7 sc>cely ne$$ & t m]ely cov]+ ! pi/illate blooms z soon z !y c\ld be di/+ui%$ ) cotton batt+ is all t is necess>y1 & also t hybrids may be produc$ ) consid]able c]ta9ty 9 op5 poll9ation if ! tree or bran* is kept entirely free f /am9ate tassels & ! select$ poll5 is promptly appli$ z soon z ! /igmas become receptive4 ,q a numb] ( *ance or self-poll9at$ se$l+s f *oice hybrids h be5 rais$ 9 ! hope t _! good qualities might be p]petuat$ & ! tr\ble & exp5se ( graft+ l>gely obviat$ b1 z ) mo/ o!r hybrids betwe5 di/9ct species1 ! se$l+s lack$ suffici5t uni=mity to be ( especial value4 ,a few individuals turn$ out sup]ior to ! p>5t b on ! :ole deg5]acy1 f ! nut-produc]s /&po9t1 appe>s among se$l+s ( hybrid *e/nuts4 ,9 #aiji ! unfruit$ *9quap9 hybrids1 #fh 9 numb]1 7 transf]r$ to ,arl+ton ,f>m1 ,virg9ia1 & two ye>s lat] ,bell ,exp]im5t ,plot 0 e/abli%$ ne> ,gl5dale1 ,m>yl&1 l>gely = ! purpose ( develop+ blight-resi/ant v>ieties ( *e/nuts z f> z ?is c be done by bre$+ & te/+ ( wild =ms4 ,!re are n[ ov] #bjjj hybrids & se$l+s ( species at ,bell rang+ f "o to t5 ye>s ( age4 ,( ! orig9al trees plant$ at ,arl+ton ab\t #bj rema94 ,!y h =m$ h&some trees tw5ty feet high ) tops almo/ z wide 9 diamet] & h borne _m pr(use crops ( nuts mo/ly ( good quality & f ?ree to six times z l>ge & heavy z ^? ( ! p>5t *9quap94 ,all h be5 attack$ by blight1 ! mo/ promis+ "o only ?is spr+1 aft] ?irte5 ye>s ( resi/ance to ?is virul5t disease4 ,all ! hybrids c>ry+ blood ( native or ,european *e/nuts 7 quickly kill$1 b ^? ) ! ,japanese species z a poll5 p>5t are /ill gr[+ vigor\sly & be>+ well1 ?\gh consid]ably disfigur$ by blight4 ,( ! v>i\s species us$ ! native sweet *e/nut1 ,ca/anea ,am]icana1 & ! ,european1 ,c4 vesca1 appe> entirely useless 9 bre$+ = disease resi/ance1 z ! hybrids are de/roy$ by ! blight fungus z soon z1 or ev5 be=e1 !y rea* be>+ age4 ,! tall1 or tree1 =ms ( native *9quap91 sometimes gr\p$ "u ! botanical "n ( ,ca/anea arborea b :i* appe> to be only natural hybrids betwe5 ! sweet *e/nut & ! bu% *9quap91 may also be reg>d$ z useless = ! purpose4 ,! hybrid prog5y %[ slight p[]s ( recup]ation b1 9 our plant+s1 d n suffici5tly recov] to make useful trees4 ,! ,ru% *9quap9 sometimes resi/s infection "u natural conditions = sev]al ye>s b quickly succumbs :5 attack$1 b its hybrid se$l+s develop practically no resi/ance4 ,! common bu% or dw>f *9quap91 ,ca/anea pumila1 widely di/ribut$ ov] ! ,atlantic ,/ates1 is n z readily infect$ by blight z ! *e/nut1 _m individuals "u cultivation & 9 ! wild resi/+ attack = an indef9ite "t1 :ile ! creep+ species ( ,florida & ,s\? ,georgia1 ,c4 alnifolia1 appe> practically immune 9 nature b succumb to artificial inoculation ) ! blight virus ,! smoo? b>k & %rubby =ms ( ^! dw>f *9quap9s probably acc\nt to a v great ext5t = ! limit$ damage caus$ by blight "u natural conditions4 ,next 9 degree ( resi/ance comes ! wooly-twigg$ ,*9ese *e/nut1 ,c4 molissima4 ,!re are e/abli%$ at ,bell ,exp]im5t ,plot ov] n9e hundr$ ,molissima trees gr[n f nuts collect$ ne> ,ti5-,ts91 ,*9a1 9 #aiaa4 ,^! trees 9 _! eigh? ye> ( gr[? h borne excell5t nuts1 r l>g] ?an ^? ( our native species1 9 "s quantity = ?ree successive ye>s ?\gh1 ow+ to ext5sive locu/ injury la/ season1 !re is practically no crop ?is ye>4 ,! trees av]age twelve or m feet high & are ?rifty gr[]s :5 n too greatly afflict$ by blight4 ,no summ>y ( disease injury has be5 tak51 b probably ov] #hj p] c5t ( ! trees %[ infection _m ( :i* are mak+ attempts to heal :i* are (t5 v successful4 ,?is species is native to ,ea/]n ,*9a & has long be5 accu/om$ to ! ,endo?ia fungus1 develop+ 9 ! c\rse ( "t a v consid]able degree ( resi/ance to x4 ,f pres5t appe>ances ! ,*9ese *e/nut may be gr[n 9 or*>d =m ) no great] loss f disease ?an ! pe> f its p>ticul> =m ( blight4 ,x hybridizes well ) ! ,japan *e/nut & bo? ( ! dw>f *9quap9s1 b ?is prog5y is n yet suffici5tly develop$ to w>rant judgm5t4 ,ca/anea cr5ata1 ! famili> ,japan *e/nut1 appe>s ev]y:]e to %[ great] blight resi/ance ?an any o!r species t has be5 tri$ out & is !re=e ! mo/ hopeful p>5t to be us$ = develop+ a useful race ( disease-resi/ant hybrids & cross-bre$s4 ,x has ! fur!r m]it ( be>+ v pr(use crops ( l>ge nuts at an e>ly age1 b !y are (t5 lack+ 9 quality1 be+ usually h>% to ! ta/e 9 ! raw /ate ?\gh palatable :5 cook$4 ,a few v>ieties be> well-flavor$ nuts1 b ^! appe> to be hybrids ) our native species & are notably less resi/ant to blight4 ,pure ,japan v>ieties gr[n f import$ nuts are r>ely injur$ by blight1 & by _m are reg>d$ z immune1 b ^? gr[n f nuts produc$ 9 situations expos$ to ! effects ( native poll5 are occasionally attack$ & ev5 kill$ outright by ! ,endo?ia fungus4 ,x has consid]able p[] to transmit its resi/+ qualities to its hybrids ) ! *9quap9s1 & a few individuals among ! latt] appe> to reta9 resi/ance to su* a degree t we may yet f9d among !m "s ( ! be/ nut-produc+ *e/nut v>ieties ( ! future4 ,f ! purely horticultural /&po9t ^! hybrids betwe5 *9quap9s & *e/nut species mu/ be consid]$ z mo/ /rik+ successes4 ,if ?is t]ribly de/ructive disease1 probably ! mo/ virul5t t afflicts any tree 9 ! temp]ate climate1 c\ld be controll$ !re w\ld be little ne$ to look fur!r = v>ieties suit$ = comm]cial & home culture1 "s ( :i* c be z readily gr[n z pea* trees & come into be>+ z "y4 ,z ! situation /&s we mu/ se>* fur!r = individuals t comb9e good cropp+ capacity ) practical disease-resi/ance4 ,at ?is writ+ ! mo/ promis+ outlook appe>s among select$ se$l+s ( pure ,cr5ata blood1 or hybrids ( ?is species t h aga9 be5 poll9at$ ) resi/ant ,japan v>ieties4 ,!re are at ,bell _m se$l+s ( bo? ^! types ( great attractiv5ess & promise4 ,five successive g5]ations ( select$ ,cr5ata se$l+s h be5 gr[n s9ce #aijd1 q a numb] produc+ _! fir/ nuts ! ye> succe$+ g]m9ation4 ,?is unusual precocity is no indication ( m]it1 z x t5ds to /unt ! trees4 ,! mo/ promis+ individuals seldom be> until ?ree or f\r ye>s old by :i* "t ! trees h atta9$ fair size4 ,no high quality has yet be5 atta9$ among ! nuts ( ! pure /ra9s1 b x is q evid5t :]e !re is a da% ( *9quap9 blood4 ,! nuts are1 h[ev]1 l>ge1 attractive & excell5t = cook+ or roa/+1 & moreov]1 rip5 uni=mly 9 ,septemb] & e>ly ,octob]1 practically )\t ! aid ( fro/4 ,z opportunities = natural infection less5 f ! dy+ out ( our /&s ( native *e/nut ! ,ori5tal *e/nuts & _! hybrids w be m ext5sively plant$ & may exp]i5ce little difficulty 9 combat+ disease4 ,ow+ to ! read9ess ) :i* se$l+s c be gr[n abundant new v>ieties w arise 9 "t1 ev5 ?\gh !y d n n[ exi/1 t w meet all reasonable requirem5ts ( ! plant] & x is to be anticipat$ t ! production ( edible *e/nuts w at no di/ant day be plac$ on a /able basis4 ,aside f its usefulness z a nut tree ! value ( our /& ( native *e/nuts1 ?\gh already half de/roy$1 c sc>cely be e/imat$4 ,e "o kn[s ! ease ) :i* a heal?y *e/nut woodl& reproduces itself by spr\ts & ! extreme value ( its timb] = po/s1 telegraph & telephone poles1 = furniture & = tann+ extracts1 n[ made f bo? b>k & wood4 ,we sc>cely h a =e/ tree z useful1 b if "s natural h&icap1 n yet 9 sight1 does n /ay ! spread ( ! blight fungus1 our mu* valu$ *e/nuts appe> to be doom$4 ,a few small colonies ( diseas$1 b liv+ sweet *e/nut trees1 numb]+ sc>cely fifty1 h be5 locat$ 9 ,new ,york ,city p>ks & neighbor+ localities 9 ,long ,isl&1 c>ry+ infection at lea/ eighte5 ye>s old1 :]e ! accompany+ /&s h completely vani%$4 ,?is af=ds ! s+le ray ( hope amid ! o!rwise complete de/ruction m>k+ ! spread ( blight4 ,9 ! hope t ! m>k$ resi/ance %[n by ^! sc>r$ vet]ans c be transmitt$ se$l+s h be5 rais$ & scions e/abli%$ at ,bell f ! mo/ promis+ individuals1 & on ?is sl5d] *ance = p]petuat+ ?is priz$ species 9 its native habitat we mu/1 = ! pres5t1 re/ cont5t4 ,rec5tly !re has be5 br\ght to light 9 ! int]ior ( ,*9a a *e/nut species t may re/ore our timb] production ( ?is mo/ desirable wood if x %\ld prove immune to disease4 ,unlike o!r ,old ,_w *e/nuts1 :i* =m relatively small trees1 ?is species1 kn[n z ,ca/anea ,vilmor9iana1 gr[s eighty to "o hundr$ feet high ) a /raight1 symmetrical trunk well adapt$ = all timb] uses4 ,! nuts1 accord+ to ! scant h]b>ium mat]ial t has rea*$ ?is c\ntry1 are ( little consequ5ce1 except = propagation z !y are only slightly l>g] ?an ^? ( our wild *9quap9s4 ,?is species is n[ e/abli%$ at ! ,arnold ,arboretum ne> ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 & scions work$ on ,c4 ,molissima /ocks are n[ vigor\sly gr[+ at ,bell ,exp]im5t ,plot1 mak+ f9e upright %oots4 ,! reaction ( ,c4 ,vilmor9iana to blight has n be5 te/$ ow+ to ! sc>city ( mat]ial 9 ?is c\ntry1 b x is f]v5tly to be hop$ t ! species w resi/ ! disease4 ,no infections h occurr$ 9 sev]al ye>s exposure ei!r at ,bo/on or at ,bell4 ,%\ld ! mu* desir$ resi/ance be e/abli%$ rapid propagation ( ! species by se$ & scions1 & an ext5d$ te/ = =e/ry purposes1 w\ld be 9 ord]4 ,! bre$+ exp]im5ts at ,bell mu/ be reg>d$ z ab\t ! only con/ructive attempt 9 exi/5ce to replace a mo/ highly priz$ nut & timb] t is be+ swept f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,unless un=se5 natural conditions %\ld /ay ! ravages ( blight our *e/nut /&s w vani%1 mo/ likely )9 ! view ( ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,al?\gh our progress 9 f9d+ & develop+ blight-resi/ants is n z /rik+ z might be hop$ some?+ has be5 accompli%$1 & ! idea ( salvag+ useful nut & timb] *e/nuts f available mat]ial & develop+ bett] ones ?an n[ exi/ %\ld n be ab&on$4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,unless o!r action is desir$ ?is int]e/+ pap] w be receiv$ & record$ 9 ! proce$+s4 ,,mr4 ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,memb]s ( ! ,association4 ,i w attempt 9 a few words to give y "s sugge/ions ab\t y\r aft]noon rambles4 ,!re w be a special c> assign$ exclusively to ! nut gr[]s on ! tracks at #ad? ,/4 & ,new ,york ,av5ue at #ab3de1 :i* w take y to ,bell ,/ation :]e y w see ,dr4 ,van ,fleet's roses & *e/nut or*>d4 ,a %ort walk f !re is ! old place ( ,judge ,gabriel ,duvall1 a =m] ,associate ,ju/ice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 memb] ( ,congress & a great fri5d ( ,?omas ,jeff]son4 ,! unpubli%$ manuscripts ( ,jeff]son %[ t he took to ,judge ,duvall a bundle ( paccan trees1 z he call$ !m4 ,jeff]son 0 "o ( our great horticulturi/s & gave ! fir/ complete botanical classification ( ! pecan4 ,^? ?ree big trees t ,jeff]son gave ,judge ,duvall are gr[+ out !re today & f !m are scores ( o!r small trees4 ,i 0 v mu* surpris$ :5 ,i read ^! notes ( ,jeff]son & 9 look+ ?r\gh ,wa%+ton's dairy ab\t ! same "t ,i read :]e he said t ,?omas ,jeff]son gave him a bundle ( paccan trees4 ,n[ ^? ( y :o are to visit ,m\nt ,v]non on ?is trip look & y w f9d t ?ree ( ! mo/ beautiful trees !re are pecan trees4 ,two ( !m ?is ye> h nuts on !m "o ) a r full crop & "o ) a light crop4 ,!y are und\bt$ly ! we/]n or nor!rn pecan4 ,!y %[ t 9 ! "* ( ! nuts & b>k4 ,:5 ,jeff]son 0 ov] 9 ,p>is he wrote to 8 fri5d ,hopk9s to s5d him a box ( pecans & told him to s5d !m 9 s&4 ,^? ( y :o are go+ to ,p>is next summ] look ar\nd & y may f9d "s ( ,?omas ,jeff]son's pecan trees4 ,x 0 p]fectly app>5t t he want$ ^? nuts = plant+4 ,aft] visit+ at ,bell ,/ation we w take ! c> up to my place :]e !re really is n mu* to see4 ,i h ?irty acres !re ( nor!rn pecan trees1 twelve acres two ye>s old & !y run all ! way up to six ye>s ( age4 ,mo/ ( ! six-ye> old trees ?is ye> set pecans :i* dropp$ (f ab\t ! middle ( ! summ]4 ,!y 7 all full ( catk9s4 ,"o ,buss]on tree _h fifty pecans on x & a numb] ( ,major & ,butt]ick trees _h pecans b ,i d n believe !y /uck4 ,i _h a ,/u>t :i* _h a spr9kl+ ( pecans on x & !y also fell (f4 ,i c %[ y h[ n to gr[ trees4 ,"s ( !m _h no c>e :atev] & "s _h pretty fair c>e4 ,y c see dead *e/nut trees up !re %[+ t ! blight is z bad z ,dr4 ,van ,fleet says4 ,we f9d :]e !y /& 9 ! woods = t5 ye>s surr\nd$ by trees ) ! blight & d n blight & ! next ye> die4 ,s ! fact t a tree /&s 9 a nurs]y r[ & does n blight does n indicate any?+4 ,! only hope we h is ! "w ,dr4 ,van ,fleet is do+4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,^u ! same subject we w be glad to he> f ,pr(essor ,close4 ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,i w j take a few m9utes 9 tell+ "s ( ! ?+s ,i h be5 try+ to d at home4 ,my "w is necess>ily on a v small scale4 ,i am away f home s mu* ( ! "t t "s ?+s ,i />t ,i _c foll[ ?r\gh prop]ly4 ,9 graft+1 = in/ance1 ,i get ! graft+ done z ,i c d x f "t to "t 9 ! spr+ & !n ,i h to leave on a ,gov]nm5t trip & am n at home to take c>e ( ! gr[+ grafts z ,i w\ld l to be4 ,:ile my ext5sion "w = ! ,gov]nm5t is prim>ily connect$ ) fruit ,i look into nut "w z mu* z possible4 ,dr4 ,van ,fleet has giv5 me a numb] ( hybrid *9kap9s & ?is ye> ?ree ( !m h fruit$ = ! fir/ "t1 "o be+ ( fairly good size4 ,i h a c\ple ( ,japan walnut trees & ! surpris+ ?+ is t al?\gh !y 7 plant$ 9 #aiaj !y are fruit+ ?is ye> = ! fir/ "t4 ,usually ^? trees beg9 be>+ v e>ly4 ,!y h gr[n rapidly1 are probably tw5ty feet high & h a bread? ( equal di/ance b h be5 disappo9t+ 9 t !y h be5 s late 9 fruit+4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage4 ,d !y w9t]-kill any8 ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,no1 !y h n w9t]-kill$ at all4 ,"o 0 suppos$ to be a he>t nut b bo? are ,sieboldianas4 ,i ?9k ! mo/ satisfactory & int]e/+ ?+ ,i h is "o ( ^! l>ge filb]ts or hazel nuts4 ,x is a pretty good size = an ea/]n-gr[n nut4 ,?is is a se$l+ f ,new ,j]sey4 ,i receiv$ ! scions f\r ye>s ago & 0 successful 9 hav+ ?ree or f\r ( !m live & la/ ye> !y produc$ = ! fir/ "t1 ?ree ye>s f ! graft4 ,!y are well fill$ & ( pretty good quality4 ,i h !m graft$ on "s bu%es ( ,european type secur$ f a nurs]y ab\t #aiaj1 & :i* until graft$ did n fruit at all4 ,aft] ! grafts began bloom+ la/ ye> ^! bu%es h be5 produc+ nuts ( small size4 ,:ile ! nuts are small !y are "r int]e/+4 ,9 connection ) ! blight resi/ant *e/nuts ,i w say t la/ ,friday ,i visit$ ,mr4 ,john ,kill5 ( ,felton1 ,delaw>e4 ,"s ( y "k t ,mr4 ,kill5 has be5 work+ ) nuts = a good _m ye>s & has _m v int]e/+ ?+s !re4 ,he f9ds t ! blight has tak5 ev]y?+ except 8 ,japanese se$l+s & "h 7%[+ specim5s7 are specim5s ( two ( ! ,japanese se$l+s4 ,?is y see is a v l>ge nut4 ,i presume ! tree mu/ be tw5ty ye>s old or m4 ,x is productive & he says x is comm]cially successful1 :i* means t x blights a little b n v s]i\sly4 ,he has ano!r se$l+1 a small] "o1 t is up to ! pres5t "t absolutely blight pro(4 ,he has plant$ tw5ty-five or ?irty p\nds ( ^! nuts = gr[+ trees = sale & he believes t ! se$l+ f ?is p>5t tree w be absolutely free f blight4 ,y w be int]e/$ to "k t up to ! "t ,i 0 !re la/ ,friday he _h %ipp$ sev5 hundr$ p\nds ( *e/nuts & 0 receiv+ tw5ty-five c5ts a p\nd :olesale4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,:at is ! v>iety8 ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,!y are all se$l+s4 ,9 fact all ( 8 v>ieties are dead4 ,he has no?+ b se$l+s4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,has t be5 call$ to ,dr4 ,van ,fleet's att5tion8 ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,n t ,i "k (4 ,i d\bt if ,dr4 ,van ,fleet has se5 ?is blight pro( "o4 ,i w be glad to tell him ab\t !m :5 ,i h an opportunity4 ,mr4 ,kill5 has "o ,japan walnut tree t is int]e/+4 ,x mu/ be #be or #cj ye>s old4 ,i d n "k :]e he got x4 ,"o limb we measur$ ext5ds out #cf feet4 ,! limbs on ! o!r side ( ! tree are n q s long b ! tree is ne>ly #gj feet 9 diamet]4 ,two ye>s ago he sold ! crop = #ed4jj1 & he ?9ks he w get m ?is ye>4 ,he has contract$ ! crop to a nurs]yman4 ,mr4 ,kill5 has q a numb] ( se$l+ ,p]sian walnuts & "s ( !m1 p]haps all1 blight m or less4 ,he is v mu* ex]cis$ ov] ! blight4 ,he worries m ov] ?is ?an he does ov] ! *e/nut blight4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,does ! blight attack ! nuts or ! twigs8 ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,bo? b mo/ly x attacks ! nuts4 ,at ,beltsville #d miles nor? ( ,college ,p>k !re is "o ( ! be/ se$l+ walnuts ,i h run across4 ,x fruits e ye> & sometimes a "p ( ! crop is injur$ by blight4 ,,mr4 ,,pom]oy3 ,! husks turn black8 ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,yes4 ,,mr4 ,,pom]oy3 ,t is n blight2 t is a fly injury ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,mr4 ,kill5 ?9ks t ?is ye> he p>tially controll$ walnut blight ) ,bordeaux spray4 ,"o p>ticul> tree /&s ne> :]e ! spray tank 0 fill$ & "o side ( x 0 spray$ e "t ! spray rig pass$ x4 ,! nuts f ! spray$ side 7 really bett] ?an ^? f ! o!r side4 ,j bel[ ,dov]1 ,delaw>e1 at ,woodside1 ,i 0 at ,mr4 ,sam ,d]by's place la/ ,saturday & f\nd some?+ v valuable 9 ! l9e ( ,p]sian walnuts1 ,i ?9k "o ( ! be/ ,i h se5 at all 9 ! ,ea/4 ,"o p>ticul> tree 0 pur*as$ = a ,franquette b x is n4 ,x probably is a ,mayette se$l+4 ,"s ( ! m5 :o te/$ ! samples ?9k ?is 0 "o ( ! mo/ desirable !y _h se5 9 ! ,ea/4 ,mr4 ,d]by b\ght ab\t a doz5 trees eight or n9e ye>s ago f "s nurs]yman4 ,! trees are n alike 9 %ape & size ( nuts4 ,!y evid5tly are f ! same bun* ( se$l+s b 7 sold = ,franquette & ,mayette4 ,!y are probably all ,mayette se$l+s4 ,n[1 com+ back to ,college ,p>k1 f\r ye>s ago ,mr4 ,littlepage 0 good en\gh to give me "s pecan scions :i* ,i graft$ into a se$l+ tree 9 a neighbor's *ick5 y>d4 ,! grafts practically all liv$ & la/ ye>1 ?ree ye>s f ! graft1 ab\t a doz5 ,major nuts 7 produc$4 ,^! are probably ! fir/ ,major pecans produc$ 9 ,m>yl&4 ,?is ye> ! ,buss]on & ,major grafts bloom$ b we _h s _m late fro/s t ! blossoms 7 kill$ & n[ !re are only two ,major nuts on ! tree4 ,my own trees are n old en\gh to bloom except "o ,mantura :i* bloom$ ?is ye> b did n set fruit4 ,i presume x 0 l>gely due to ! late fro/s4 ,9 ! fall ( #aiaj ,pr(essor ,lake gave me "s buds ( ,p]sian walnut & ,i put ?ree buds into a "y black walnut tree4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ ,febru>y we _h a drop 9 temp]ature to #be bel[ z]o1 some?+ almo/ unkn[n 9 ?is section ( ! c\ntry1 b two ( ! buds liv$ ?r\gh x4 ,aft] gr[? />t$ 9 ! spr+ ,i cut "o out & ! o!r grew into a tree :i* produc$ ?ree nuts 9 #aiae4 ,my area = nut trees is small s ,i am plant+ pecans1 black & ,p]sian walnuts1 & hickory tw5ty feet ap>t ) ! idea ( keep+ !m prun$4 ,i h t5 v>ieties ( pecans & sev]al ( walnuts4 ,betwe5 ^! ,i h *9kap9s & hazelnuts4 ,!re are eight or t5 v>ieties ( hazels & ab\t sixty se$l+s = graft+ lat] on4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,did ! "y pecan trees bloom4 ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,only ! ,mantura & x mu/ be ab\t t5 ye>s old4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,:at k9d ( bloom8 ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,bo? k9ds4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,:i* hazels are ^!8 ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,!y 7 und\bt$ly ,european4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i ?9k t is a v important po9t4 ,"s "t ago ,i said t our wild hazel drove ! c[s out ( ! pa/ure4 ,x is a wor?less we$ ) u 9 ,connecticut & x is an important ?+ = u to trans=m our hazel pa/ure l&s t are full ( ?ickets ( ?is we$ ov] into good be>+ propositions4 ,i graft$ a lot ( hazelnut bu%es ) ,european scions4 ,!re are ,*9ese hazelnut trees t gr[ to be m ?an a hundr$ feet 9 height & six feet 9 trunk diamet]4 ,! ,jacquemont goes to "o hundr$ feet1 & ! ,colurna frequ5tly gr[s to fifty feet4 ,i believe x is go+ to be a v important matt] to top "w ^! l>ge k9ds ( hazel trees :i* d n s5d runn]s out f ! root & :i* are n incl9$ to s5d l>ge suck]s up f ! /ock4 ,s ! k9d ( /ock ^u :i* hazels are to be graft$ is a v important matt] = nurs]ym54 ,b we c also use ! wor?less pa/ure bu%es pr(itably4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,9 ord] t we may keep ! bus9ess ( our program up to ! m9ute we %\ld complete ! nam+ ( ! ,nom9at+ ,committee4 ,9 ord] to quickly br+ x ab\t & 9 ord] t all may h a voice 9 ! matt] ,i w\ld sugge/ t five be nom9at$ f ! floor = ! positions1 t ! nom9ations !n close & t ! ,secret>y ca/ ! ballot = ! memb]s ( ! nom9at+ committee4 ,! names sugge/$ 73 ,mr4 ,olcott1 ,mr4 ,littlepage1 ,dr4 ,morris1 ,mr4 ,re$ & ,pr(essor ,close4 ,! nom9ations clos$ & ! ,secret>y ca/ ! ballot = ! above nam$ p]sons4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,we /ill h a few m9utes & might take up ! propos$ *anges 9 ! con/itution t 7 sugge/$ at ! ,battle ,creek meet+ almo/ "o ye> ago4 ,i w reque/ ,mr4 ,bixby to /ate to y :at ! propos$ *anges are4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,at ! meet+ at ,battle ,creek la/ ,novemb] notice 0 giv5 = propos$ *anges 9 ! con/itution1 z foll[s4 ,at ?is meet+ x 0 vot$ t ,article ,,iv1 ,,(fic]s1 be pres5t$ to ! memb]s at ! next meet+ = ! purpose ( vot+ on a *ange to read3 ,!re %all be a ,presid5t1 a ,vice-,presid5t1 a ,treasur] & a ,secret>y1 :o %all be elect$ at ! annual meet+2 an ,executive ,committee ( six p]sons ( :i* ! ,presid5t1 ! la/ two retir+ ,presid5ts1 ,vice-,presid5t1 ,treasur] & ,secret>y %all be memb]s4 ,!re %all be a /ate ,vice-,presid5t f ea* /ate1 dep5d5cy or c\ntry repres5t$ 9 ! memb]%ip ( ! ,association :o %all be appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,article ,,vii4 ,,quorum1 to be *ang$ to read3 ,t5 memb]s %all con/itute a quorum b mu/ include two ( ! f\r elect$ (fic]s4 ,by ,laws3 ,article ,,iii4 ,,memb]%ip--,all annual memb]%ips %all beg9 ei!r ) ! fir/ day ( ! cal5d> qu>t] foll[+ ! date ( jo9+ ! ,association1 or ) ! fir/ day ( ! cal5d> qu>t] prec$+ t date z may be arrang$ betwe5 ! new memb] & ! ,treasur]4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,i make a motion t ! *anges 9 ! con/itution z read be act$ ^u n[4 ,,pr(essor ,,close3 ,i second ! motion4 ,,mr4 ,,fo/]3 ,may ,i (f] a sugge/ion 9 connection ) ! propos$ *ange4 ,x is relatively an immat]ial "o & ,i presume w be includ$4 ,z a memb] "h f ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,i ?9k ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia %\ld be includ$ ) ! /ates4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,i ?9k t has be5 done4 ,gr\p$ among ! /ates appe>s ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,,! ,,act+ ,,secret>y3 ,t is1 y w\ld h ! words ,di/rict ( ,columbia ins]t$ 9 connection ) /ate1 dep5d5cy or c\ntry8 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,i accept t4 ,! *ange 9 ! con/itution1 z recomm5d$1 0 c>ri$4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,z we h ano!r m9ute or two !re is "o matt] t we might dispose (4 ,!re 0 a committee appo9t$ once ^u a "t on incorporation4 ,x 0 ?\ght by "s ( ! memb]s t if ?is association 7 incorporat$1 mak+ x !reby a p]petual1 tangible organization1 x might be to its advantage4 ,!re might be "s man :o w\ld be good en\gh to bequea? "s funds to ! ,association = inve/igational "w4 ,z we are j a volunt>y organization )\t any p>ticul> responsibility1 x 0 ?\ght by "s t an incorporation w\ld be desirable4 ,i 0 appo9t$ z a memb] ( ! corporative committee4 ,! committee consi/$ ( ,mr4 ,webb] ( ,ohio1 & ,i d n recall ! o!r memb] b ,mr4 ,webb] & ,i _h sev]al conf]5ces4 ,x seems to me t p]haps ! be/ & mo/ feasible way w\ld be to incorporate "u ! laws ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,! code ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia provides = incorporations ( ?is k9d = educational1 sci5tific & b5evol5t purposes at a v nom9al exp5se4 ,= comm]cial corporations !y mu/1 ( c\rse1 h a capital /ock & t5 p] c5t ( x mu/ be paid 9 9 ca%1 b !re is no su* requirem5t "u ! code ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia = sci5tific & b5evol5t corporations4 ,!re is a provision 9 ! code = an incorporation ( ?is k9d by hav+ ! prop] articles drawn up1 sett+ =? ! purpose ( ! organization1 its l9e ( "w & its memb]%ip1 nam+ = ! "t be+ ?ree tru/ees1 two ( :i* at t p>ticul> "t mu/ be resid5ts ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & fil+ ^? articles ) ! ,record] ( ,de$s4 ,x is approv$ & t becomes ! *>t]4 ,! ,association is !n a body corporate ) all ( ! rights & privileges ( any o!r organization ( t k9d4 ,a great _m organizations h be5 =m$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia "u t provision ( ! code4 ,x seems to me ab\t z simple & z compreh5sive z any ( ! laws ( any ( ! /ates1 & ab\t z free f any burd5s or obligations ( reports or matt]s ( t k9d4 ,if x is ! s5se ( ?is meet+1 & ,i ?9k y h q a repres5tative memb]%ip "h1 t ?is organization be s incorporat$ ,i %all take pleasure1 aft] ?is meet+1 9 draft+ prop] pap]s1 pres5t+ !m to "s ( ! memb]s = signature & p]fect+ a corporation4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,t seems to be an excell5t sugge/ion4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i move t ?is recomm5dation be adopt$4 ,,mr4 ,,fo/]3 ,i second ! motion4 ,! motion 0 c>ri$4 ,! conv5tion adj\rn$ at #ab o'clock4 ,,aft]noon ,,excursion ,,( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s' ,,association ,,octob] #g1 #aibj1 #ab3de ,! memb]s ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association1 9 conv5tion at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,octob] #g1 #aibj1 made an excursion :i* includ$ visits to ! ?irty-acre be>+ nor!rn pecan plantation ( ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage2 ,dr4 ,walt] ,van ,fleet's ,gov]nm5t ,/ation = ! production ( blight-resi/+ *e/nuts & *ickap9s & o!r new hybrids1 at ,bell ,exp]im5t ,plot1 ,gl5dale1 ,m>yl&2 & ! old ,jeff]son pecan trees at ,m>ietta4 ,! foll[+ notes 7 tak5 at po9ts along ! r\te3 ,,dr4 ,,van ,,fleet3 ,^! are hybrids betwe5 ! *9kap9 & ! ,japan *e/nut %[+ ! blight ev5 aft] ?irte5 ye>s immunity4 ,we d n d any?+ to *eck ! disease at all4 ,!re is a ,japan v>iety said n to take x b y see h[ x affects x4 ,x girdles x & ! new wood builds x up4 ,! tree is doom$4 ,x is gone n[ b x has made a trem5d\s attempt to recov]y4 ,y see ! new gr[? t has tri$ to come out !re try+ to bridge x & make x up4 ,( c\rse ev5 t is hopeful4 ,9 view ( t we feel ju/ifi$ 9 bre$+4 ,! ,*9ese resi/ x mu* bett]4 ,!y take x m readily b !y resi/ x f> bett]4 ,! ef=ts at self-bridg+ are q successful4 ,?is is "o ( ! hybrids we h at ,arl+ton4 ,! p>5t tree got along = ?irte5 ye>s )\t a sign ( blight4 ,by artificial inoculation we h giv5 x ! disease b x does n get x 9 ! trunk4 ,?is is a ,*9ese *e/nut sev5 ye>s old & has _h ?ree crops4 ,we took ! mo/ virul5t virus & made a few inoculations & ) absolutely no c>e ! w\nd is clos+ up4 ,! tree is app>5tly q heal?y4 ,?is is ! ,*9ese ,molissima1 n ( real good quality4 ,^! are only sev5 ye>s old & h already borne ?ree v good crops4 ,! nuts are some:at l>g] ?an ! wild native & rip5 ab\t six weeks e>li]4 ,!re are #a1ajj trees "h & ,i ?9k ab\t a hundr$ h be5 kill$ outright & probably #ge p] c5t ( !m %[ infections b !re are a few individuals t d n seem to get x4 ,x seems almo/ impossible to inoculate !m4 ,we are lett+ ! disease run its way purely ?r\gh elim9ation4 ,x is only ^? t c /& x ?r\gh a s]ies ( ye>s t are suppos$ to be wor? any?+ at all4 ,probably no species is immune f x2 ,i d n ?9k we c use ! ^w immunity 9 connection ) x4 ,! p>ty !n visit$ ! old ,jeff]son place at ,m>ietta1 & view$ ! imm5se pecan trees :i* 7 giv5 to ,judge ,duval by ,?omas ,jeff]son4 ,!nce to ,mr ,littlepage's plantation4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,^! trees are set #ajj by #abj4 ,! ,butt]ick is a good gr[]4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! gr[? ( ! cultivat$ & ! uncultivat$ ones4 ,i w\ld quit work+ ab\t ! fir/ ( ,augu/4 ,! fir/ ( ,augu/ "h !y are gr[+ actively4 ,"q3 ,is t ! habit ( ! pecan to set a crop & !n drop (f8 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,yes1 "y trees w d t4 ,?is is a typical ,buss]on4 ,!y 7 all spr9kl$ ) nuts2 ?is tree _h fifty nuts on ?is spr+4 ,!re are "s cat]pill>s on ! ,/u>t4 ,?is is ! "w ( ! cat]pill>s on ! ,/u>t4 ,x set a numb] ( nuts4 ,?is ,gre5riv] is a little l>g] ?an ! ,major4 ,x is "o ( ! prettie/ nuts1 "o ( our m$ium siz$ nor!rn pecans4 ,! ,gre5riv] gr[s 9 a =e/ 9 ! ,gre5 ,riv] di/rict 9 ,k5tucky4 ,?is is ! fir/ transplant$ pecan tree ?is f> nor? t has gr[n nuts4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,9 two or ?ree ye>s y w h a crop on !m4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,t is a ,major1 !y gr[ l ! ,c$>s ( ,lebanon4 ,y don't see a w9t]-kill$ twig on a tree4 ,!y 7 full ( nuts ?is spr+4 ,,mr4 ,,morris3 ,t is s ?rifty & s h>dy t x might h "s species ( hickory 9 x4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,! ,/abl] black walnut is mu* bett] ?an ! ,?omas4 ,all black walnuts are reasonably easy to propagate4 ,i h !m all ar\nd ov] ! f>m2 ,i /ick pecans ar\nd ! f5ces1 or :]ev] ,i h a space4 ,?is *e/nut is a ,european v>iety4 ,x be>s a big /rip$ nut4 ,x ta/es a little bett] ?an ! sweet potato4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,x is good = cook+4 ,x is ! same z ! ,m>ron4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,!y are ! ,indiana hazels1 & ?is is an ,european filb]t4 ,,ev5+ ,,session ,,?ursday ,,octob] #g #aibj #h ,p4 ,m4 ,! conv5tion 0 call$ to ord] by ! ,presid5t1 ,mr4 ,l9ton1 at #h o'clock4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,! pres5tation ( ! next speak] w be made by ,mr4 ,littlepage4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i want to take j "o or two m9utes 9 introduc+ ,mr4 ,re$1 ! next speak] on ! program4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 z we all "k1 is an aggregation ( _m ( ! v brighte/ m5 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,^? ( u :o are "h 9 ,wa%+ton "k t at times x is sadly 9 ne$ ( organization4 ,x is p]fectly app>5t to anybody :o has judgm5t en\gh to make obs]vations t !re is a great deal ( v valuable mat]ial d[n !re go+ to wa/e = ! lack ( organization4 ,p]haps x w always be s4 ,i d n "k4 ,in/itutions are n p]fect because ! individuals con/itut+ ^! in/itutions are n p]fect4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture is1 tak5 z a :ole1 a mo/ wond]ful in/itution4 ,i d wi%1 h[ev]1 t ! ,dep>tm5t (ficials w\ld n always wait until !y ?9k !y "k exactly all ! facts ab\t a ?+ be=e !y publi% x4 ,i sometimes wi% !y _h en\gh n]ve to say3 ,n[1 ?is is :at we f\nd out today4 ,we may *ange our m9ds tomorr[ & if we d we w tell y s1 ! same z any o!r hone/ citiz54 ,:y 9 ! _w !y collect all ! data !y d1 file x away day aft] day1 mon? aft] mon? & ye> aft] ye>1 & publi% x aft] x is ( no use to anyone on ?is e>?1 ,i nev] c\ld figure out6 ,i "k x is a difficult problem because if ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture %\ld say today t ,w9esap apples gr[ beautifully on ,m>yl& hills "s fell[ w\ld promptly capitalize t & g to sell+ ! ,m>yl& hills1 ! wat] und]nea?1 ! air above !m & ev]y?+ ar\nd !m = ! mode/ sum ( t5 times :at x 0 wor?4 ,s t is ! o!r side ( x4 ,x makes x necess>y = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ( c\rse1 to be cauti\s4 ,i "k1 h[ev]1 t y all ?9k z ,i d because y h said s to me b y d n all h ! n]ve to get up "h & say z ,i d t ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ought to give u m ( ^! data2 t !y ought to give x to u = :at x is wor? today & 9 ?is lifetime1 leav+ x to u to h a little common s5se to "k t :at !y say mu/ be tak5 z !y say x4 ,h[ev]1 ,i did n get up "h to say all ( ^? ?+s4 ,my purpose is to introduce ! speak]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[1 ,i happ5 to "k a great deal ab\t ,mr4 ,re$'s "w4 ,i "k t he is "o ( ! mo/ active m5 9 ! ,dep>tm5t & "o ( ! m5 :o has1 z mu* z anybody 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ! confid5ce ( ^? ( u :o "k ab\t ! project t he is work+ on4 ,mr4 ,re$ has m "w 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ?an he c d & ,i h be5 try+ to lay out "s additional "w = him4 ,= example1 we h f\nd 9 ,s\?we/]n ,ill9ois a l>g] pecan ?an any propagat$ 9 ! ,nor?4 ,i saw x 9 a bun* ( ,s*leys :i* is ! premi] pecan ( ! ,s\?4 ,x 0 l>g] ?an _m ( ! ,s*leys4 ,we don't "k any?+ m ab\t ! pecan b ,i w\ld l to "k ab\t ?is & sev]al o!rs4 ,t is "o little job t comes "u ,mr4 ,re$'s sup]vision & he ought to h m "t & m help4 ,z a matt] ( fact ev]ybody 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ?9ks he %\ld h m money = 8 p>ticul> project4 ,^? ( u :o are int]e/$ 9 nut "w ?9k ! nut p %\ld h m money4 ,! ,dep>tm5t 0 v =tunate 9 receiv+ ,mr4 ,re$ :o came f ,mi*igan4 ,i h talk$ to him _m times & ,i h nev] f\nd him yet to make a /atem5t ab\t any?+ 9 ! nut _w t he c\ld n back up4 ,9 an illu/rat$ lecture ( ?is k9d y h ! good =tune to get a great _m data t y _c get 9 any o!r way4 ,i wi% ! :ole c\ntry t has an int]e/ 9 ^! matt]s c\ld he> x4 ,if ,i c\ld ?9k ( any?+ else good to say ab\t ,mr4 ,re$ ,i w\ld say x4 ,he is entitl$ to x4 7,applause47 ,,nut ,,culture ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,we are annually import+ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates f #cj1jjj1jjj to m ?an #eb1jjj1jjj wor? ( nuts4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 production is ( lead+ importance ) b ?ree species1--! ,p]sian 7,engli%7 walnut1 ! pecan1 & ! almond4 ,( ^! toge!r1 we are produc+ 9 ! neighborhood ( #bf1jjj1jjj wor? ( nuts4 ,9 addition to ^! ?ree species1 two o!rs n[ bid fair to become ( consid]able importance )9 ! next decade4 ,^! are ! filb]t ( ! ,nor?we/ & ! ,ea/]n black walnut4 ,9 ! ,nor?we/1 ! filb]t is receiv+ int5sive att5tion at ! h&s ( a consid]able numb] ( skill$ horticulturi/s4 ,! species is mak+ rapid /rides & 9 a %ort :ile w probably rank f\r? 9 importance ) ref]5ce to ! ext5t to :i* x has be5 develop$ horticulturally4 ,possibly because ( ! ext5t to :i* x is common ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! black walnut might prop]ly n[ be rat$ z f\r? z t nut has z great1 if n a great]1 range & is ( int]e/ to m p 9 ?is c\ntry ?an is any o!r "o species ( nut4 ,x rema9s1 h[ev]1 to be se5 h[ rapidly x w be develop$ by ! pomologi/s4 ,! view be=e y is "o :i* "s ( y h se5 be=e4 ,x 0 tak5 9 ! fam\s ,vrooman or*>d ( ,p]sian walnut trees at ,santa ,rosa1 ,cali=nia4 ,?is is ! l>ge/ & mo/ not$ or*>d ( ,franquette v>iety 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x is f ?is or*>d t scions h be5 obta9$ = ! propagation ( a great "p ( ! ,franquette or*>ds 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ! ,willamette ,valley ( ,we/]n ,oregon1 ! walnut has receiv$ a l>ge am\nt ( att5tion dur+ rec5t ye>s2 its developm5t !re has made rapid /rides1 & 9 ! bett] soils1 ! trees gr[ rapidly & ord9>ily be> v well4 ,! photograph be=e y 0 tak5 9 ,febru>y1 #aibj1 9 an or*>d ne> ,hillsboro4 ,x 0 situat$ on l[ b ri* l& & ,i regret to say t x 0 practically wip$ out ( exi/5ce by an unusual cold spell occurr+ f ! #ab? to ! #ae? ( ,decemb] 9 #aiai4 ,dur+ t spell1 ! temp]atures w5t d[n 9 "s po9ts ( ! ,willamette ,valley to #bd degrees bel[ z]o4 ,z ne>ly z c\ld be told at ! "t ! picture 0 tak5 ! trees 7 all kill$ to ! sn[l9e :i* 0 f a foot & a half to two feet above gr\nd4 ,! own] has s9ce report$ t he cut ! trees d[n to t l9e4 ,to "s ext5t1 ! ,p]sian walnut is gr[n 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x 0 introduc$ "h long be=e x 0 on ! ,atlantic ,coa/1 b ?is side ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 x has n[h]e become ( great comm]cial importance4 ,! photograph be=e y 0 tak5 9 #aiaa4 ,x %[s a se$l+ or*>d ( tw5ty-?ree ,p]sian walnut trees 9 ,bucks ,c\nty 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! or*>d !n appe>$ to be 9 fir/-class condition ) no sign ( w9t]-injury1 b s f> z we h be5 able to asc]ta91 ! trees h nev] borne important crops ( nuts4 ,?is tree be=e u is ! p>5t1 or orig9al tree ( ! ,nebo v>iety f ,s\!rn ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 a v>iety fir/ propagat$ by ,messrs4 ,ru% & ,jones4 ,x is "o ( ! old hi/orical trees ( t section1 & :ile ! nut x produces is v good 9 _m respects1 = v>i\s reasons1 ! v>iety is no long] be+ propagat$ to great ext5t4 ,?is is ! p>5t ,ru% tree1 ano!r v>iety n[ n propagat$ z mu* z =m]ly1 b "o :i*1 nev]!less1 is a good sort & reg>d$ z be+ well wor?y ( plant+ ab\t ! home gr\nds 9 sections ( ! ea/]n "p ( ! c\ntry to :i* ! species is adapt$4 ,! ,p]sian walnut is evid5tly q at home f ! ea/]n %ore ( ,m>yl& up ?r\gh ,delaw>e & ,new ,j]sey to ,long ,isl& & l[] ,connecticut4 ,f ?is /rip we/ inl& to well t[>d ,york & ,h>risburg 9 ,s\!rn ,p5nsylvania1 x is by no means uncommon4 ,to "s ext5t1 x is gr[n 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york & close to ,lake ,erie 9 ,nor!rn ,ohio4 ,!re are "s trees 9 ,ea/]n ,mi*igan & a v few 9 :at is kn[n z ! ,niag>a ,p59sula ( ,ont>io1 b ) few exceptions1 ! crops !y be> are unc]ta94 ,! tree be=e u is ! p>5t ( ! ,aur& v>iety nam$ 9 honor ( ,mr4 ,geo4 ,d4 ,aur& ( ,lewi/[n1 ,miffl9 ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! g5tleman 9 ! =egr\nd is ,mr4 ,aur& 9 ! act ( exam9+ a split 9 ! b>k caus$ by w9t]-injury4 ,?is tr\ble is fairly preval5t ov] a great "p ( ! ea/4 ,leav+ ! walnut indu/ry = ! "t be+1 we w take a fleet+ glance at ! pecan indu/ry4 ,! great] "p ( our pecan crop comes f wild trees 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,! view be=e u is typical ( ,texas sc5es especially 9 su* t[ns z ,san ,saba1 ,br[nwood & o!rs :]e nuts are br\ght f ! c\ntry 9 wagon loads mu* ! same z are c]eals 9 ! nor!rn /ates4 ,pecan or*>d developm5t has tak5 place almo/ :olly 9 /ates ea/ ( ! limits ( ! native range4 ,9 sections to :i* ! pecan has be5 indig5\s developm5t has be5 v sl[4 ,! greate/ & mo/ ext5sive developm5t ( any section happ5s to be 9 ,s\?we/]n ,georgia4 ,! view be=e u 0 tak5 9 an or*>d ( ,frots*] trees 9 ,?omasville "s #bj miles nor? ( ! ,georgia-,florida /ate l9e4 ,! trees 7 plant$ 9 #aije1 set fifty feet ap>t1 & la/ spr+1 because ( cr[d+1 ! alt]nate trees 7 remov$4 ,! l[] limbs _h begun to die & ! nuts f ! l[] bran*es _h1 = sev]al ye>s1 be5 inf]ior 9 bo? size & fill+ quality4 ,! trees 9 ! or*>d be=e y 7 ?ree ye>s plant$ :5 photograph$4 ,?is is an or*>d 9 ! ,albany di/rict ( s\?we/]n ,georgia4 ,x is 9 ! imm$iate ,albany di/rict t m pecan plant+ has tak5 place ?an 9 any o!r "o di/rict ( ! :ole ,s\?4 ,x is possible to g f ,albany 9 mo/ any direction & to pass ?r\gh or*>ds on bo? sides ( ! road ) r[s ( pecan trees ext5d+ z f> z ! eye c see 9 ea* direction4 ,!re is m or less1 ( a prevail+ idea t ! pecan is a ,cali=nia product b x is ! exception r ?an ! rule to f9d ?rifty & productive trees 9 t /ate4 ,! tree be=e y is "o :i* bore en\gh nuts dur+ a rec5t ye> to br+ #abe 9 ! m>ket1 at #bj c5ts a p\nd4 ,com+ consid]ably ne>] home1 we f9d ! p>5t tree ( ! ,butt]ick v>iety situat$ on ! ,ill9ois side ( ! ,waba% ,riv] a %ort di/ance bel[ ,v9c5nes1 ,indiana4 ,! range ( ! pecan1 z ! mo/ ( y probably "k1 ext5ds well up into ,i[a along ! bank ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] & also into ,c5tral ,ill9ois along ! ,ill9ois & o!r riv]s & nor? to ,t]re ,haute1 ,indiana1 along ! ,waba%4 ,! ,butt]ick has be5 reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ promis+ nor!rn v>ieties4 ,reports :i* seem to be fairly well au!nticat$ are to ! effect t ?is f9e tree has s9ce p>tially di$ because ( hav+ its roots cut 9 ! digg+ ( a dit*4 ,two ye>s ago1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,curtis 7:o is pres5t 9 ! audi5ce7 & myself sp5t a week's vacation 9 ,ea/]n ,m>yl&4 ,at ,ea/on we 7 greatly surpris$ to f9d :at we agre$ 0 ! l>ge/ plant$ pecan tree we _h ev] se54 ,dur+ ! pa/ summ]1 ?is tree has be5 photograph$ & its measurem5ts tak53 ,x has a gir? measurem5t at brea/ height ( #ae feet4 ,its spread is #abi by #ach feet4 ,its height 0 e/imat$ at approximately #ace feet4 ,x is n "o ( ! l>ge/ pecan trees ( ! c\ntry z l>g] trees are n uncommon 9 _m sections f ,s\!rn ,indiana1 s\? & we/ to ,texas b !y are native & n plant$ trees4 ,we "k ?is to be a plant$ tree z !re are no native pecans 9 ! /ate ( ,m>yl&4 ,?is tree be>s ) a fair degree ( regul>ity4 ,we are told t 9 #aiag x yield$ approximately twelve bu%els ( nuts :i*1 al?\gh small1 7 exce$+ly good & a delight to ! *ildr5 ( ! :ole neighborhood4 ,tak+ up ! almond indu/ry1 ! view be=e y is ( int]e/ because ( hi/orical reasons r ?an o!rwise4 ,x is "o ( ! few rema9+ l>ge or*>ds plant$ by ! late ,mr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,hat* kn[n z fa!r ( ! pr9cipal v>ieties ( ,cali=nia today4 ,mr4 ,hat* plant$ sev]al hundr$ acres ( almonds 9 ! vic9ity ( ,suisun ab\t midway betwe5 ,sacram5to & ,san ,francisco b cold w9ds f ,san ,francisco ,bay prev5t almond trees 9 t section f be+ comm]cially productive1 & z result1 ! section has be5 ab&on$ z an almond c5t]4 ,nev]!less1 ?is picture is ( int]e/ because x 0 9 ^! v or*>ds t 7 orig9at$ ! fam\s ,hat* v>ieties1 ! ,ne ,plus ,ultra1 ,nonp>eil1 ,i4 ,x4 ,l4 & ! ,drake4 ,a great "p ( ?is or*>d has s9ce be5 topwork$ ) prunes4 ,almond or*>ds 9 bloom af=d "s ( ,cali=nia's mo/ beautiful sights dur+ ,febru>y4 ,! two trees 9 ! =egr\nd are typical specim5s ( ,i4 ,x4 ,l4 :ile 9 full bloom4 ,! almond beg9s be>+ at ab\t ! same age z does ! pea*2 at #e or #f ye>s f ! "t ! trees are plant$1 !y beg9 to pay a little m ?an ! co/ ( up-keep1 & at #h ye>s1 !y are reg>d$ z be+ 9 full be>+4 ,?is sc5e 0 tak5 9 "o ( ! olde/ or*>ds 9 ! /ate ( ,cali=nia4 ,! trees 7 plant$ 9 ab\t #ahgj4 ,! picture af=ds a typical illu/ration ( "o ( ! me?ods ( h>ve/+4 ,! nuts are be+ ?ra%$ or knock$ f ! trees to heavy canvas %eets spread ^u ! gr\nd :i* are drawn f tree to tree by horse p[]4 ,! nuts are load$ loose 9 wagons or 9 sacks & tak5 to "s c5tral plant :]e !y are run ?r\gh hull+ ma*9es & ! nuts sep>at$ f ! hulls aft] :i* !y are spread out 9 trays & left 9 ! sun to dry4 ,at t season ( ! ye>1 !re is practically no dang] ( dew or ra9 &1 aft] be+ expos$ = sev]al days & nights dur+ :i* !y are frequ5tly /irr$1 !y are tak5 to ! ne>e/ ex*ange po9t1 blea*$ & put =? into f9al %ape = ! m>ket4 ,a v important factor 9 ! success ( almond production is ! honey-bee4 ,bee keep]s %ift _! hives f or*>d to or*>d dur+ ! blossom+ p]iod mak+ a pr(it out ( ! honey & at ! same "t *>g+ a r5tal to ! or*>d own]s4 ,! bees1 ( c\rse1 att5d to ! matt] ( int]poll9ation4 ,9 "s sections1 x is necess>y to equip ! or*>ds ) smudge or fire pots :i* are kept fill$ ) crude oil & fir$ at ! mom5t ! temp]ature goes d[n to bel[ ! freez+ po9t dur+ ! blossom+ p]iod4 ,9 "o di/rict ^! pots 7 ?is la/ ye> fir$ aga9 & aga9 b aft] all ! temp]ature w5t d[n to a po9t su* t a great "p ( ! crop 0 lo/4 ,we are told t x is possible to raise ! temp]ature #bf to #cd degrees4 ,x is t$i\s "w & a dirty job4 ,! oil is plac$ 9 ! pots 9 ! daytime & ! fir+ usually takes place 9 ! latt] "p ( ! night1 v (t5 aft] #e o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,we come n[ to ! filb]t indu/ry4 ,"o ( ! reasons :y filb]ts 7 plant$ 9 ! nor?we/ 0 because ! native hazels gr[ !re ) great vigor4 ,?is picture %[s a typical /ool ( ! native hazel z x is commonly se5 9 ! we/]n p>ts ( ,oregon & ,wa%+ton4 ,n infrequ5tly x atta9s a height ( #cj or #ce feet & :5 tra9$ to s+le /ems1 ! trees n infrequ5tly develop trunk diamet]s ( f #f to #h in*es4 ,! ,mr4 ,voll]ts5 ( ! ,nor?we/ is ,mr4 ,a4 ,a4 ,qu>nb]g ( ,vanc\v]1 ,wa%+ton4 ,9 #ahic ,mr4 ,qu>nb]g read an article by ! late ,pr(essor ,h4 ,e4 ,van ,deman 9 :i* ! latt] urg$ ! exp]im5tal plant+ ( ! filb]t 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,mr4 ,qu>nb]g ord]$ two trees ( ! ,du ,*illy v>iety f ,mr4 ,felix ,gillett1 a ,fr5*man & !n proprietor ( ! ,b>r5 ,hill ,nurs]ies1 ,nevada ,city1 ,cali=nia4 ,^! 7 plant$ 9 ,febru>y ( #ahid & are believ$ to h be5 ! fir/ trees ( t v>iety %ipp$ to ! ,nor?we/4 ,!y are s close toge!r t !y are consid]ably cr[d$ b /ill !y h done fairly well1 be>+ 9 "s ye>s z mu* z #de p\nds toge!r4 ,?is is a view ( ! fir/ filb]t or*>d plant$ 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,x consi/s ( ?ree hundr$ trees ma9ly ( ! ,b>celona & ,du ,*illy v>ieties obta9$ f ,mr4 ,gillett 9 ,janu>y ( #aija by ,mr4 ,qu>nb]g & plant$ by him = a neighbor1 ,mr4 ,john ,e4 ,norelius4 ,9 ?is connection1 x is int]e/+ to note t ! ,b>celona v>iety _h already become fairly well e/abli%$ 9 ! ,nor?we/ :5 ,mr4 ,qu>nb]g fir/ introduc$ ! ,du ,*illy to t section4 ,! picture be=e y is ( "o ( ! olde/ ,b>celona trees t has come to my p]sonal att5tion4 ,x %[s a tree 9 ,portl& measur+ #de in*es 9 circumf]5ce "o foot above gr\nd4 ,x is p]haps ! l>ge/ filb]t tree 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:5 visit$ dur+ ! pa/ ,septemb]1 ! limbs 7 b5d+ d[n ) nuts & an e/imate 0 made t x w\ld h f #ej to #gj p\nds ( mature nuts4 ,! tree be=e u 0 ano!r ,b>celona ( good size4 ,9 #aiai x matur$ a crop ( #de p\nds ( nuts4 ,h[ev]1 un=tunately x 0 caught by ! cold spell already ref]r$ to & ! tree ab\t half kill$4 ,x /&s 9 a l[ place 9 an or*>d ( "s fifty trees & 0 "o ( ! mo/ s]i\sly affect$4 ,return+ to ! ,ea/1 we h be=e u a picture ( an ,italian ,r$ filb]t tree 9 ! or*>d ( ,messrs4 ,voll]ts5 & ,mc,glennon nor? ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,x is a "y tree n ov] two ye>s old4 ,ea* t]m9al has a clu/] ( nuts4 ,mr4 ,voll]ts5 is obs]v+ x closely & ?us f> reg>ds x favorably4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,ru% ( ,we/ ,will[1 ,p5nsylvania has br\ght out a native hazel :i* (f]s consid]able promise to nut plant]s4 ,x is a rem>kably prolific v>iety & ! nuts are bo? l>ge & ?9-%ell$4 ,?is picture illu/rates some?+ ( its heavy be>+ t5d5cy4 ,we come n[ to ! black walnut4 ,"o ( ! fir/ v>ieties propagat$ 0 ! ,?omas4 ,?is picture is "o ( sev]al hundr$ graft$ trees ( t v>iety own$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl ( ,godfrey1 ,ill9ois4 ,z "h %[n1 !y are v prolific & ^! hundr$ trees gr[n ma9ly on hillsides & untillable l&s are furni%+ ,mr4 ,riehl ) a v fair income4 ,on ! :ole1 ! ,?omas is a good v>iety4 ,x cracks mu* bett] ?an does ! av]age black walnut b /ill !re are "s o!rs :i* are a %ade bett] 9 ! matt] ( crack+ quality4 ,! picture be=e y %[s ! p>5t tree ( ! v>iety fir/ kn[n z ,ru% b lat] *ang$ to ,h]man 9 ord] to avoid confusion ( names ) ! ,ru% ,p]sian walnut4 ,?is v>iety has be5 propagat$ to "s ext5t b accord+ to rec5t acc\nts1 ! p>5t tree has be5 cut d[n4 ,! tree n[ be=e y is ! p>5t ( a well kn[n v>iety1 ! ,/abl]4 ,x is situat$ 9 ,montgom]y ,c\nty1 ,m>yl&1 "s #bj miles f ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,reports h x t ?is tree bore #cj bu%els ( nuts 9 "o my?ical ye>1 b ! pres5t own] /ates t ! maximum yield ( any ye> s9ce he has kn[n ! tree has be5 #aj or #aa bu%els ( hull$ nuts4 ,! v>iety is be+ propagat$ by sev]al nurs]ym5 & trees are available = plant+4 ,ano!r v>iety n[ be+ propagat$ by ! nurs]ym5 is ! ,ohio1 ! p>5t tree ( :i* is "s #bj or #cj miles out ( ,tol$o 9 ! /ate aft] :i* x 0 nam$4 ,?is picture1 7%[+ sev5 nuts7 illu/rates a rem>kable t5d5cy on ! "p ( "y graft$ trees to be> at an e>ly age4 ,?is tree 9 ! nurs]y ( ,mr4 ,jones ( ,lanca/]1 ,pa41 0 graft$ 9 ,may & photograph$ 9 ,septemb] "o ye> foll[+4 ,( c\rse e>ly be>+ is n :olly desirable b 9 a way x w refute ! common belief t black walnuts are necess>ily t>dy 9 com+ into be>+4 ,col4 ,j4 ,c4 ,coop]1 ,mc,minnville1 ,oregon1 ,presid5t ( ! ,we/]n ,walnut ,gr[]s ,association has on 8 home gr\nds two black walnut trees gr[n f nuts obta9$ 9 ! ,ea/ :i* 7 #f ye>s old :5 ?is picture 0 tak54 ,ea* ( ^! trees :i* y w notice are f #bj to #cj feet high bore approximately a peck ( nuts dur+ ! ye> :5 photograph$4 ,! native butt]nut is a species :i* has be5 q neglect$ by our horticulturi/s b ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ,mr4 ,bixby1 a few v>ieties h be5 br\ght out & are n[ be+ propagat$ by ! nurs]ym54 ,9 spite ( its ?ick %ell1 ! flavor ( ! butt]nut is pref]r$ by _m p to t ( any o!r nut on ! m>ket4 ,x is our mo/ h>dy species ( nut tree4 ,x gr[s z f> nor? z ,ma9e & ,nova ,scotia4 ,two or ?ree recogniz$ v>ieties are be+ propagat$4 ,probably ^? :i* w soone/ be available = dissem9ation to ! public are ! ,aik5 f ,new ,hamp%ire & ! ,dem+ f ,connecticut4 ,"o ( our mo/ decorative native trees is ! ,am]ican bee*4 ,z f9e a specim5 z is (t5 se5 is ?is "o n f> f ,ea/on1 ,m>yl& photograph$ dur+ ! pa/ summ]4 ,x is an enorm\s tree & v productive4 ,x is "o ( =ty or fifty trees on ! gr\nds ( "o ( ! num]\s l>ge e/ates ( ,ea/]n ,m>yl& & 0 plant$1 s we are told1 9 #ahcj4 ,! lady giv+ ?is in=mation said t h] "m _h ! trees dug up 9 ! =e/ by slaves & haul$ to _! pres5t location 9 ox c>ts4 ,n[1 n9ety ye>s lat]1 !y =m a magnific5t av5ue ( trees4 ,f9e crops ( nuts are borne ea* ye>4 ,! nuts are small & mo/ too t$i\s to extract f ! %ell to be useful = human consumption1 b !y g a long way 9 ! f9i%+ (f ( ! turkeys & o!r p\ltry 9 ! fall4 ,ano!r species ( nut :i* is q neglect$ is ! ,japanese walnut4 ,x has be5 on trial 9 ?is c\ntry = p]haps fifty or sev5ty-five ye>s4 ,x has indicat$ its adaptability to a wide range ( ! c\ntry2 x succe$s on a great v>iety ( soils & x is bo? h>dy & e>ly to come into be>+4 ,x has ?is disadvantage1 h[ev]1--! nuts are small2 b 9 flavor ! k]nals c h>dly be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! butt]nut4 ,v (t5 x =ms a mo/ attractive tree & x %\ld be us$ to a mu* great] ext5t ?an x is on home lawns4 ,9 ,mi*igan1 hickory & black walnut trees h be5 us$ along ! highways z av5ue trees = a consid]able p]iod4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania occasionally ! ,p]sian walnut is us$ z an av5ue tree4 ,"o ( ! beauty spots along ! roadway ( ,lanca/] ,c\nty is ?is /ret* ( roadway "u ! spread+ bran*es ( ,p]sian walnut trees4 ,s5ator ,mc,nary ( ,oregon ?\ght s well ( ! beauty ( ! filb]t t he induc$ 8 bro!r to plant sev]al trees on 8 lawn 9 ! city ( ,salem4 ,x is no exag]ation to say t !re are no pretti] trees 9 ! city !n are ^! be=e y4 ,to a consid]able ext5t1 nut rais+ is be+ comb9$ ) ! p\ltry indu/ry 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,! p\ltry rais]s claim t "s k9d ( trees are ess5tial to furni% %ade 9 ! p\ltry y>ds4 ,!y say t fruit trees are n desirable = ! reason t at h>ve/ "t ! *ick5s n only pick & ru9 ! fruit b !mselves get int]nal disord]s4 ,nut trees1 !y argue1 fit 9 v well1 z ! *ick5s _c hurt ! nuts nor ! nuts ! *ick5s4 ,fur!rmore1 ! trees 9 *ick5 p>ks salvage a great deal f ! *ick5 manure :i* w\ld o!rwise be lo/4 ,! use ( nut trees 9 ?is way is a practice :i* x w\ld seem c\ld well be introduc$ to good advantage 9 ! ea/]n /ates4 ,among ! ornam5tals1 x is difficult to imag9e a species :i* c\ld m effectively be us$ ?an ! pecan4 ,! picture be=e y 0 tak5 ( a comp>atively "y tree p]haps #cj or #dj ye>s old on ! home gr\nds ( a private citiz5 ne> ,ea/on1 ,m>yl& at practically our own latitude4 ,x is a mo/ beautiful tree4 ,rightly us$1 ! black walnut is also "o ( our mo/ effective species 9 ! l&scape4 ,! picture be=e y is ( a tree #ea ye>s old4 ,x /&s 9 front ( ! home resid5ce ( a si/] to ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator ,*>les ,l4 ,mc,nary ( ,salem1 ,oregon4 ,:5 photograph$1 ?is tree measur$ #aj feet1 #f in*es 9 gir? at brea/ height4 ,x w\ld be h>d to imag9e a m noble & graceful nut4 ,along ! roadways ( ,cali=nia1 we n uncommonly f9d ! native black walnut us$ z an av5ue tree4 ,x is v refre%+ & cool+ on a hot day to drive "u trees ( ! sort illu/rat$ 9 ! picture be=e y4 ,?is av5ue ( trees is along ! ,l9coln ,highway less ?an a mile we/ ( ! ,univ]sity gr\nds at ,davis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,! next speak] on ! program w be pres5t$ by ,dr4 ,morris4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,!y say t a biograph] unconsci\sly writes 8 autobiography4 ,t is n tautology4 ,"s "o writ+ ( ! late ,frank ,n4 ,may] said3 ,! plant hunt] & explor] is ! unsung ,columbus ( horticulture4 ,our next speak] 0 ! "o :o wrote t 9 ,mr4 ,mey]'s biography4 ,we all recognize x z autobiography4 ,em]son tells u t e successful in/itution is ! l5g!n$ %ad[ ( "o man4 ,!re 7 h]oes be=e ,agamemnon & botani/s be=e ,dr4 ,fair*ild1 b ) ! beg9n+ ( ! new c5tury !re came into exi/5ce ! developm5t ( a new idea1 t ( exploration 9 =eign c\ntries = ! purpose ( br++ to u _! valuable plant products4 ,x 0 "o ( ^? ?+s :i* we may say makes ! :ole _w k9 because ! economi/s tell u t basically ! food supply is fundam5tal to all subsequ5t human activities4 ,dr4 ,fair*ild organiz$ ! ma*9]y ( exploration = purposes ( introduction into ?is c\ntry ( valuable plants f =eign l&s4 ,!re is p]haps at ! pres5t "t no "o :o s]ves bett] z peace mak] ?an does ! "o :o gives ! _w m food4 ,f ! economi/'s /&po9t ! food supply subt5ds all advances 9 civilization4 ,n[ ! h\r is late & we all "k :at ,dr4 ,fair*ild has done4 ,any rem>ks on my "p are made because !y belongs to ! =m ( polite proc$ure r ?an because ( ne$ = tell+ ( ?+s :i* ,dr4 ,fair*ild has accompli%$4 ,,dr4 ,,fair*ild3 ,ladies & ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association4 ,:5 ,i face m5 & wom5 :o are do+ ?+s 9 agriculture ,i feel a peculi> degree ( emb>rassm5t4 ,i d n "k :y b ,i suppose x is because :at ,i h done1 :at little ,i h done 9 br++ 9 ^! new ?+s1 has nev] enabl$ me to get to ! bottom ( any ( ! ?+s t ,i h br\ght 94 ,9 o!r words ,i feel t ,i am 9 ! pres5ce ( a numb] ( m5 :o "k d[n to ! v smalle/ m9utiae ! bus9ess t !y are engag$ 94 ,n[ ,i d n "k ^! m9utiae ab\t plants4 ,i wi% ,i did4 ,!re is no?+ m fasc9at+ 9 ! _w ?an to take "o crop & le>n to "k x d[n to ! gr\nd4 ,x is com+ to be "o ( ! greate/ ?+s 9 ! imag9ation ( man1 ?is grappl+ ) ! fundam5tal problems ( agriculture :i* are wrapp$ up 9 ! v>ieties ( ! plants t we gr[4 ,i h _h a v sev]e education 9 t matt] ( v>ieties & ,i want to congratulate y z a body ( m5 & wom5 :o are individually go+ to f9d out :at ^! be/ v>ieties are4 ,i suppose t ! talk t ,mr4 ,re$ & ,i _h 9 a bamboo grove out 9 ,*ico41 ,cali=nia1 :5 we 7 try+ to f9d out uses = ! bamboo & ,re$ said3 ,well1 ! pecan & almond gr[]s want to knock ! nuts (f _! trees ) ^! bamboo poles1 is :at l$ up to ?is talk1 & ,i want to ?ank ,mr4 ,re$ = ! opportunity to %[ slides ( a few ( ! new plants :i* we are work+ on 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,we br\ght 9 s _m ( !m1 7#dg1jjj diff]5t k9ds7 9 ^! #bb ye>s t ! (fice ( ,plant ,introduction has be5 9 op]ation t ,mr4 ,re$ sugge/$ t ! nut gr[]s w\ld l to h ?r[n on ! scre5 pictures ( ! nuts ( =eign c\ntries4 ,i said t we did n h any4 ,!n ,i began to dig into our own lit]ature1 project reports1 exp]im5t]s c>ds1 correspond5ce & ! o!r record+ ma*9]y t we h & ,i f\nd t we _h a good _m4 ,i want to make x p]fectly pla9 to y t :at ,i am go+ to d tonight is simply to op5 a door & %[ y ! possibilities ( "s ( ^! =eign nuts4 ,!re are a great _m m t we h n succe$$ 9 l&+ on ! %ores ( ,am]ica1 & if any "o ( y w come to my (fice on #ac? & ,f /reets ,i w ?r[ all ! correspond5ce & photographs on ! table & let y look ?r\gh x4 ,x has be5 said t ! ,dep>tm5t's "w is badly organiz$4 ,yes1 x is badly organiz$4 ,b ,i d n "k h[ y are go+ to v well organize ) a small body ( m5 a gr\p ( projects e "o ( :i* is a life job = a man1 especially :5 y _c get ! m51 & :5 y d get !m !y d n /ay on ! job = life4 ,s !re is ! great difficulty4 ,mr4 ,littlepage has hit ! nail on ! head4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture is n well organiz$ b x is n an easy ?+ to organize exp]im5tal "w on at lea/ #aej diff]5t k9ds ( indu/ries ) ! money & ! m5 we h4 ,! fact t ! inve/igations require ! m5 to be on ! l& close to _! "w & t we are all 9 city build+s1 is a great h&icap4 ,we h sc>cely a tree or %rub or plant ( any k9d t be>s on our "w )9 two or ?ree miles ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture build+4 ,we ne$ ! l&4 ,we ne$ a great _m m m51 & we ne$ m money4 ,i l&$ 9 ,greece 9 #aija4 ,9 ,a!ns ,i saw !m sell+ on ! /reets ^! pi/a*e nuts :i* ,i op5$ ) my f+]s4 ,! k]nels are a brilliant gre54 ,i _h nev] seem !m be=e4 ,i _h he>d ( !m4 ,!y 7 sold ar\nd ! /reets by ! ,greek p$dl]s & call$ pi/a*ios4 ,! pi/a*e or pi/a*io indu/ry is "o :i* ,i wi% "s "y1 en]getic man ( sev5ty w\ld take up4 ,i say #gj because x requires a "y man ( sev5ty to take up "o ( ^! nut indu/ries1 ! boys ( #bf are too old4 ,"s "y fell[ ( sev5ty %\ld g into ! pi/a*e indu/ry & f9d out :at !re is 9 x & develop x into a great indu/ry4 ,! ,am]ican ,consul 9 ,pale/9e told me six or eight ye>s ago t !re 0 no plant culture 9 all ,pale/9e t paid s well z a pi/a*e or*>d4 ,trees h be5 kn[n to yield z mu* z #dj to #ej doll>s apiece4 ,! ,grecian pi/a*es are diff]5t f ^? ( ,tunis & ,alg]ia & o!rs ( ! ,m$it]ranean c\ntries4 ,!re are a good _m diff]5t v>ieties4 ,?is picture %[s a piece ( pral9e made ( pi/a*es4 ,?is is sold on ! /reets ( ,a!ns & comp>es v favorably ) our pral9es made 9 ,new ,orleans f ! k]nel ( ! pecan4 ,mr4 ,*i%olm1 :o 0 connect$ ) ! ,consulate 9 ,a!ns & :o spoke ,greek v well1 took me out & %[$ me :at ^! pi/a*e trees look$ l & :5 ,i f\nd ?is miscellane\s lot ( graft$ pi/a*e trees ,i made an arrangem5t to pur*ase ! :ole collection & s5d x to ?is c\ntry4 ,i _h great difficulty 9 gett+ ! ,am]ican ,consul 9 ,piraeus to help me %ip !m4 ,i c\ld n wait indef9itely & x took a good :ile to h !m dug & pack$4 ,i ask$ him if he w\ld s5d !m & he said he 0 v busy4 ,i told him ?is 0 a matt] :i* conc]n$ ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & if he did n h "t to d x ,i w\ld telegraph to ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture & tell him t ! ,consul 9 ,a!ns 0 too busy to %ip ^! plants4 ,f9ally he cons5t$ to %ip !m & ?is 0 ! fir/ %ipm5t ( graft$ pi/a*e trees to arrive 9 ,am]ica4 ,!y 7 badly graft$1 badly pack$ & badly prep>$ & ,i ?9k only "o ( ?is :ole collection surviv$ & is n[ gr[+ 9 ! ,gallespie gr\nds at ,montecito1 ,cali=nia4 ,mr4 ,ke>ney ought to be "h tonight & ,mr4 ,sw+le & ,dr4 ,rix=d4 ,^! ?ree m5 h giv5 m att5tion to ! pi/a*e ?an ,i h4 ,mr4 ,ke>ney 0 /udy+ ! date palm indu/ry ( ,s\!rn ,tunis & 9 connection ) x he made a /udy ( ! pi/a*e indu/ry ( ! des]t region ( ! coa/ ( ,tunis4 ,?is picture repres5ts an ,arab /&+ beside an old pi/a*e tree t probably is =ty or fifty ye>s ( age4 ,x repres5ts ! pi/a*e 9 its w9t] dress4 ,!y are decidu\s trees4 ,!y plant "o male tree to ab\t tw5ty females4 ,we h _h a great real ( difficulty 9 propagat+ ^! pi/a*e trees4 ,we h five diff]5t species ( /ock on :i* to gr[ !m1 & we ought to le>n all ! be/ v>ieties 9 ! _w4 ,b un=tunately "s ( ! be/ v>ieties 9 ,sicily are infe/$ ) a mo? :i* lays its eggs 9 ! twigs j bel[ ! leaf sc> & x is impossible = ! entomologi/ to detect ^! eggs )\t de/roy+ ! buds4 ,t app>5tly trivial circum/ance has made x impossible = u to get ^! cutt+s 9 f ,sicily )\t s5d+ a tra9$ horticulturi/ !re = !m4 ,we nev] h _h ! money to s5d a man !re :o c\ld d x1 a man :o _h _h ! necess>y exp]i5ce4 ,z a consequ5ce we h n z big a collection ( ^! pi/a*e v>ieties z we ought to h4 ,^! m5 9 ! photograph are gett+ ! scions = ,mr4 ,ke>ney1 & ,i am glad to say t ^! p>ticul> scions :i* !y cut are n[ gr[+ 9 ,cali=nia4 ,mr4 ,ke>ney also on ?is same trip visit$ ! ,duke de ,bronte e/ate on ! slopes ( ,m\nt ,etna4 ,x 0 an e/ate bequea!d by ! ,k+ ( ,italy to ,"l ,nelson1 :o 0 made ! ,duke de ,bronte & x is /ill ! prop]ty ( ! ,nelson family4 ,mr4 ,beck1 :o 0 ! manag] = ?is e/ate & ) :om we h _h correspond5ce = ne>ly #ah ye>s1 gave u p]haps m in=mation ?an we h gott5 f any o!r =eign s\rce on ! cultivation ( ! pi/a*e4 ,! ,trabonella1 :i* 0 "o ( ! be/ comm]cial v>ieties1 came f ! ,bronte e/ate on ! slopes ( ,m\nt ,etna1 :]e pi/a*e gr[+ is a pay+ indu/ry4 ,9 ,europe ! nuts are v l>gely us$1 outside ( ! ,m$it]ranean region = mak+ ! pi/a*e ice cream because ( ! gre5 color 9 ! se$ itself1 & 9 ! ,m$it]ranean region bo? ! yell[ & gre5 v>ieties z we are com+ to use !m 9 ?is c\ntry1 z table nuts4 ,! highe/ price is paid = ! gre5 pi/a*e nuts :i* are us$ 9 ice creams & confection]ies4 ,"h are two ,sicilian horticulturi/s1 "o ( !m hold+ a bundle ( bud /icks4 ,?is ,trabonella v>iety is n[ gr[+ 9 ,am]ica4 ,we h collect$ pi/a*e nuts f _m p>ts ( ! _w4 ,a v int]e/+ man by ! "n ( ,jewett :o became acqua9t$ ) ! late ,ame] ( ,afghani/an procur$ = u ! ,afghani/an pi/a*e4 ,i got 9 correspond5ce ) him ?r\gh ! ,consul 9 ,calcutta4 ,?r\gh a mi/ake made 9 s5d+ "s ( ?is correspond5ce direct in/ead ( to ,calcutta x ne>ly co/ him 8 life4 ,i did n "k ! conditions !re & ask$ ,jewett 9 my lett] :at ! possibilities 7 ( s5d+ an ,agricultural explor] !re4 ,! lett] fell into ! h&s ( ! ,ame] & ar\s$ 8 suspicions4 ,jewett 0 "o ( ! two ,engli% speak+ p]sons at t "t 9 ! c\ntry4 ,"o ,sunday morn+ my door bell rang1 & ,jewett came to my h\se 9 ,connecticut ,av5ue ) two big saddle bags fill$ ) se$ s5t by ! ,ame]4 ,?is collection ( pi/a*e se$s ) its ,afghani/an label compos$ "p ( ! collection ( se$s4 ,v few ( ! se$s grew h[ev] & ! se$l+s1 :i* l _m nut trees d n come true to se$1 h n produc$ any v>ieties ( p>ticul> value4 ,a ye> ago ,i _h ! pleasure ( mak+ a motor t\r ?r\gh ,cali=nia4 ,i w5t to see ,leon>d ,coats1 "o ( ^? real pione]s ( #fe or #gj ye>s ( age1 :o has p]haps done z mu* = ,cali=nia horticulture z any o!r "o nurs]yman1 & he took me up into 8 or*>d on ! hill side ov]look+ 8 nurs]y :]e no drops ( ra9 _h fall5 betwe5 ! mon?s ( ,m>* & ,octob] :5 ,i 0 !re & :]e !y only h #bb in*es ( ra9fall anyway1 & ,i f\nd gr[+ !re ?is collection ( pi/a*e trees :i* we _h s5t him ab\t t5 ye>s ago4 ,! nuts are borne t[>ds ! ends ( ! bran*es4 ,! tree is able to )/& any am\nt ( dr\ght & z ,i sat !re & he told me h[ prohibition _h wip$ out ! v9ey>ds ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 h[ ! ,italians _h des]t$ !m & gone back to ,italy1 ,i c\ld n help feel+ t 9 ?is beg9n+ on 8 hillsides we _h ! possibility ( cov]+ ^? ?\s&s ( acres ( hillsides :i* exi/ 9 ,cali=nia today1 f :i* ! grape v9es h be5 tak5 out1 ) a nut crop ( ! v fir/ importance4 ,^! little beg9n+s are really ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+s 9 life4 ,i read 9 ! pap] today t ?is is ! n9ety-f\r? anniv]s>y ( ! fir/ railroad 9 ,am]ica & my m9d w5t back to a conv]sation ,i _h ) ,edw>d ,ev]ett ,hale :5 he told me t 8 fa!r 0 ! fir/ man to br+ ov] an ,engli% locomotive to ,am]ica4 ,:at d y suppose 0 ! pr9cipal objection t ! p _h to railway exploitation 9 ?is c\ntry8 ,!y c\ld n see h[ two tra9s c\ld pass ea* o!r on ! same track4 ,s 8 fa!r br\ght ov] f ,engl& a little model swit* & put x d[n 9 8 p>lor & took p 9 !re & %[$ !m t two tra9s c\ld pass if "o ran (f on a sid+4 ,t /ory ( ,edw>d ,ev]ett ,hale has help$ me to und]/& :y x is t mo/ p hesitate to g ahead into any new indu/ry always see+ "s impossibility 9 its developm5t4 ,i c\ld probably prove to y beyond a %ad[ ( a d\bt t n a s+le "o ( ^! nut trees ,i am %[+ y tonight c\ld ev] be made a success4 ,not)/&+ t !y are successful4 ,?is is "o ( ! ,sfax v>ieties f ,tunis gr[+ 9 our plant introduction g>d5s at ,*ico4 ,we _h to e/abli% g>d5s :]e we c\ld gr[ ^! trees & s5d out ! "y plants to gr[]s & 9 ^! g>d5s we h te/ nurs]ies or te/ or*>ds z we call !m :]e we gr[ ^! fruits4 ,?is is an ,assyrian v>iety br\ght 9 by old ,dr4 ,full] :o sp5t "s "t z a mission>y 9 ,asia ,m9or & became conv9c$ ( ! importance ( ! pi/a*e indu/ry1 & has be5 "o ( ! pione]s 9 ^! small beg9n+s4 ,?is is a six ye>s old tree4 ,?is is #ae ye>s old a se$l+ tree ne> ,fresno4 ,x has borne a good _m crops ( fair siz$ pi/a*e nuts z l>ge z ! ,trabonella1 ! ,sfax1 ! ,tunis & ! ,alleppo & ^? =ms :i* are go+ to be ! real pi/a*es ( ! future 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! pi/a*e 9 fruit is a mo/ int]e/+ sight4 ,! nuts are p9ki%4 ,!y h ! p9kness ( ! pea*1 almo/1 )\t ! fuz & !y are cov]$ ) a ?9 sk9 :i* is tak5 (f usually ) ! f+]s4 ,! nut inside has a texture t makes x v attractive4 ,:5 !y are fir/ ga!r$ x is v difficult to crack !m ) ! f+]s b if !y are put 9 ! ov5 & roa/$ !y op5 up & leave a little suture into :i* y put y\r ?umb nails & pry ! ends op54 ,?is picture gives y "s idea ( ! yield ( ! pi/a*e4 ,x is a fair yield]1 z mu* z fifty p\nds ( nuts hav+ be5 borne by eight or n9e ye> old trees4 ,ours h n done z well z t4 ,! price ( c\rse ranges l ! price ( all o!r nuts4 ,!y sold la/ ye> = #ge c5ts a p\nd "h 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,! k]nels sell = #a4ej4 ,?is gives y a good idea ( ! pi/a*e fruit ) its out] %ell1 ! nut & ! gre5 int]ior4 ,if any ( y are go+ to ,cali=nia & d n l ! idea ( tak+ up hazel nuts1 walnuts & pecans1 if y w take up ?is indu/ry we w help y all we c4 ,x w gr[ 9 ,arizona1 ,new ,mexico1 & we h records ( !m gr[+ 9 ,arkansas4 ,!y w /& a temp]ature bel[ z]o4 ,trees h be5 kn[n to live ?r\gh sev]al w9t]s ev5 9 ,s\!rn ,kansas4 ,9 all ^! inve/igations we h f\nd ! /ock problem is v important4 ,"h we h ! ,pi/a*ia atlantica :i* has mu* small] se$s4 ,x is ?is t we are us+ mo/ commonly z a /ock = ! pi/a*es t are be+ gr[n 9 ,cali=nia4 ,frank ,n4 ,mey] br\ght back f ,*9a ! se$s ( ! ,*9ese pi/a*e1 ! h>die/ ( all pi/a*es1 a tree :i* has be5 almo/ h>dy ev5 z f> nor? z ,wa%+ton & c5tral ,kansas4 ,x is n only a nut tree b a magnific5t ornam5tal tree & gr[s to a v l>ge size4 ,we h us$ x z an av5ue tree lead+ to our plant introduction g>d5s 9 ,*ico because x colors up s beautifully 9 ! autumn & ! spr+4 ,9 ! spr+ ! tips ( ^! leaves & bran*es are a brilliant p9k & 9 ! autumn x turns a gorge\s sc>let4 ,x is de/9$ to be "o ( ! be/ l&scape trees ( ,cali=nia 9 our op9ion4 ,x gr[s to be c5turies old4 ,frank ,mey] /&+ beside a tree :i* has /ood ?ree c5turies at lea/4 ,imag9e :at pleasure he w\ld h _h _h he only liv$ to walk "u ?is great av5ue 9 8 old age4 ,! "q ( cong5iality betwe5 ! true pi/a*e & ! ,*9ese pi/a*e is %[n "h4 ,we r jump$ to ! conclusion1 :5 we f\nd t ! ord9>y pi/a*e ov]grew ! ,*9ese pi/a*e1 t p]haps x 0 n s good a /ock z we fir/ ?\ght1 b ,i notice1 look+ back at my photograph tak5 9 ,greece 9 #aija1 t ! regul> /ocks us$ by ! ,greeks = ! pi/a*e are ov]gr[n 9 ! same way by ! true pi/a*e4 ,we h mu* l>g] trees ?an ^! n[ 9 ,*ico & z ! ,*9ese pi/a*es are v old & l>ge trees we h come to ! conclusion t 9 all probability ! pi/a*e w be successful on ?is ,*9ese /ock4 ,i 0 walk+ ?r\gh a m>ket 9 ,hong ,kong 9 #aijb & ,i saw a few bu%els ( nuts t ,i _h nev] he>d ( or se5 be=e4 ,! nuts look$ l acorns b :5 ,i pick$ !m up ,i f\nd !m z h>d z hickory nuts4 ,i crack$ "o ( !m ) a brick & x 0 almo/ z h>d to crack z a hickory nut4 ,x 0 unmi/akably an acorn1 ,i ?\ght1 & ,i b\ght a bu%el ( ! nuts & s5t !m to ?is c\ntry4 ,x is call$ ,pisania by botani/s & x has _m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( an acorn4 ,! k]nel ( ?is nut comes out :ole & = t reason x w\ld be v easily crack$ by me*anical means4 ,x has a sweetness :i* does n sugge/ an acorn4 ,x does n rem9d y ( ! acorn4 ,x is a comm]cial product 9 ,s\!rn ,*9a %ipp$ d[n ! ,we/ riv] & x seem$ to me well wor? :ile try+ to gr[ x 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h _h a great deal ( tr\ble ) x4 ,we did n f9d ! "r place = x at fir/4 ,x 0 h>dy "h 9 ,wa%+ton1 ev51 = a few seasons b ! temp]ature at sev5te51 eighte5 & tw5ty bel[ z]o f9ally kill$ x out4 ,x is n[ gr[+ d[n 9 ,mississippi4 ,"h is a photograph s5t me f ,honkong1 ! only "o ,i h ( ! tree z x appe>s on ! hills ( ,honkong4 ,?is tree :i* is n[ #aa feet tall on ! place ( ,mr4 ,joe ,williams at ,langdon1 ,mississippi1 is "o ( ! few t is n[ gr[+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re is "o 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,x probably w\ld be p]fectly h>dy along ! ,gulf coa/4 ,j h[ good a be>] x is go+ to prove ,i d n "k b x is v int]e/+ ev5 to regi/] ! fact t ! plant is e/abli%$ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! ,macadamia t]nifolia1 or ,que5sl& nut1 is n q s well kn[n 9 ,que5sl& z ,i ?\ght x 04 ,a v brilliant "y man f ,au/ralia1 by ! "n ( ,john/on1 pass$ ?r\gh my (fice ! o!r day & ,i %[$ him ! photograph ( ! ,macadamia & to my *agr9 he did n "k mu* ab\t x1 al?\gh he 0 a v good botani/ & a v ke5 man4 ,he said ,we d n pay mu* att5tion to ^! ?+s ov] !re4 ,t is really *>act]i/ic ( _m ( ! =eign plants t we h br\ght 94 ,!y are n develop$ 9 _! own c\ntries any m ?an "s ( ! fruits :i* we h 9 ?is c\ntry are n develop$ by u4 ,mr4 ,littlepage & ,i are go+ out 9 a day or two to see if we c f9d "s l>g] papaws4 ,n[ ! papaw has be5 j z badly neglect$ by ! ,am]icans z ! ,macadamia by ! ,au/ralians & x may be t ! only way to get ! papaw develop$ is to s5d x to "s o!r c\ntry & get !m to develop x4 ,we d n always develop our own possibilities4 ,?is is a tree gr[n 9 ,avon ,p>k1 ,florida4 ,x int]e/s me v mu* because x looks z if x w\ld be a good be>]1 is suit$ to ! s&y l&s ( s\!rn & c5tral ,florida1 seems to be q h>dy & is a beautiful nut4 ,x w vie ) any o!r edible nut t ,i "k (4 ,?is tree is 9 ! ,royal ,palm ,g>d5s 9 ,palm ,bea*4 ,! trees 7 br\ght 9 by u ab\t #aije or #aijf4 ,?is is a tree 9 ,cuba :]e x is p]fectly at home4 ,?is gives y an idea ( ! "* ( ! nut 9 a bun*4 ,?is is ! nut4 ,! %ells :5 op5$ are z attractive z any?+ ,i "k (4 ,?is is a v ?ick wall$ v>iety4 ,we h mu* ?9n] wall$ =ms t h come f ,hawaii :]e x is n[ be+ gr[n4 ,! d>k "p is a m>oon br[n & ! light] "p is a brilliant creamy yell[4 ,altoge!r x is an extremely attractive nut1 an excell5t eat+ nut & has v good food qualities4 ,we h _h !m analyz$1 & all ! data are at ! disposal ( y g5tlem5 at any "t y wi% to consult our files4 ,"o ( ! fir/ pieces ( =eign "w ,i 0 ask$ to d = ! gov]nm5t 0 to get & import ! h>d-%ell$ almonds ( ,spa94 ,mo/ ( y h eat5 ! ,jordan almond & ,i imag9e mo/ ( y ?9k x comes f ,cali=nia1 b !re are v few ,jordans gr[n 9 ,cali=nia &1 s f> z ! inve/igations g :i* ,i h be5 able to make 9 ,cali=nia 9 co-op]ation ) ! c&y manufactur]s1 ,i h discov]$ t ! ,cali=nia gr[]s are n gr[+ ! be/ almond 9 ! _w4 ,t ! ,,ixl & ! ,nonp>eil & o!r almonds are n consid]$ suffici5tly good = su* m5 z ,l[ney to use 9 ! manufacture ( _! almond c&ies 0 a surprise to me4 ,& ! reason8 ,9 ! fir/ place ! sk9 ( ! k]nel itself is too ?ick1 ! nut is too brittle & x has n ! flavor ( ! import$ nut4 ,i 0 %ock$ ! o!r day to read f cov] to cov] a bullet9 on ! subject ( ,almonds1 & to f9d t n "o ^w 0 said ( flavor4 ,x _h to be a good crack]2 b ! m>ketable qualities did n take into consid]ation ! "q ( ! flavor ( ! k]nel1 its h>dness or ! ?ickness ( sk94 ,?is picture on ! scre5 0 tak5 9 s\!a/]n ,spa94 ,^! are ! almond crack]s ( ,spa9 & a poor] lot ( p ,i h nev] visit$ 9 my life4 ,! little *ildr51 n ov] f\r ye>s old1 in/ead ( play+ z ours play1 c>ry ar\nd ) !m 9 _! h&s little bundles ( :eat /raw :i* !y braid ) _! h&s z !y play1 mak+ sombr]os :i* are %ipp$ to ! ,arg5t9e4 ,x is a v poor c\ntry :]e ^! gr[4 ,! soil ,is v ?9 & v dry & ^! almond trees gr[ on ! hillsides4 ,x 0 ) an unpleasant feel+ t ,i took ^! cutt+s f s\!a/]n ,spa91 & br\ght !m to ,am]ica4 ,i got !m f ! trees t 7 be>+ ^! almonds1 !y 7 budd$ 9 ,cali=nia & we "k :]e ! trees are gr[+ 9 ,cali=nia f ^! buds4 ,?is is a view 9 "o ( ^! hillside plantations ( s\!a/]n ,spa9 ) two ( ! almond gr[]s4 ,?is is a view 9 ! pla9s region ne> ,val5cia %[+ bo? ! h>d %ell$ almonds & ! s(t %ell$ ones4 ,! s(t %ell$ are ^? :i* are easily crack$ ) ! f+]s :ile ! h>d %ell$ h to be brok5 ) a hamm] or an in/rum5t4 ,x is ^! h>d %ell$ almonds t we h be5 int]e/$ 9 gett+4 ,i h n kept 9 t\* ) ?is almond situation z ,i w\ld h if ,i _h be5 a speciali/ on almonds in/ead ( spread+ my en]gies out ov] ! :ole field & x is "t someone really got into ! almond bus9ess4 ,i once travel$ fifty miles f ,bobadilla1 ,spa9 to ! next railway /ation betwe5 solid walls ( se$l+ almonds 9 bloom4 ,no ,am]ican has ev] be5 to ^! se$l+ or*>ds to see :at !y are4 ,x %\ld be possible to f9d 9 ^? r[s t are n[ #be ye>s old late fl[]+ v>ieties :i* w\ld be adapt$ to ! conditions 9 ,cali=nia or e>ly fl[]+ v>ieties :i* w\ld cross poll9ate ! ,jordan almond4 ,b we h n _h ! extra man ) :i* to d ?is & c>ry out ! o!r ?+s we h be5 oblig$ to d4 ,! int]e/+ ?+ ab\t ?is ,jordan almond is t x behaves diff]5tly 9 our c\ntry ?an x does ov] 9 ,spa94 ,y notice h[ smoo? ea* "o ( ^! almonds is4 ,!re is no %>p keel on ! ,spani% gr[n ,jordan almond at all4 ,x is smoo? all ar\nd4 ,"h are ! almonds gr[n 9 ,cali=nia f ! scions :i* ,i br\ght 94 ,y see h[ ^! keels are develop$ & ! nut has also become m po9t$4 ,we h n _h an opportunity to inve/igate ?is ?+ ?or\ghly1 b ,i am conv9c$ t ?is is an environm5tal effect4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,taylor has sugge/$ t ! fact t ! ,jordan fl[]s be=e any o!r v>iety comes out may mean t ! ,cali=nia nuts are ! result ( self f]tilization & ?is self f]tilization may be ! cause ( _! diff]5t %ape & texture4 ,ei!r t or ! bud wood :i* ,i br\ght ov] f ,spa9 0 n repres5tative ( ! ,jordan v>iety al?\gh ,i pick$ x f trees t 7 be>+ ^! nuts & ,i saw ! nuts & !y 7 typical4 ,( c\rse x is possible t on ! bud /ocks :i* ,i br\ght ov] !re 0 ?is h]$it>y t5d5cy to produce ^! keels4 ,h[ev]1 we h made importations ( ! ,jordan almond s9ce !n ) ! same result4 ,"o ( ^! 0 gr[n 9 ,cali=nia 9 ! des]t region & "o 9 ,niles :]e ,john ,rock1 ! great pione] horticulturi/ ( ,cali=nia1 _h 8 or*>ds4 ,bo? ( !m behav$ 9 ! same way4 ,i s5t "s ( ! be/ k]nels f ^! import$ ,jordan almonds to ,mr4 ,l[ney1 ! c&y manufactur] :o imports l>ge quantities ( ,jordan almonds f ,spa91 & he report$ t he c\ld n use !m = 8 c&y manufacture because !y 7 too h>d & ! sk9 too t\gh4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ exp]i5ces ( my life 0 9 #aijc :5 ,i visit$ a ,fr5* b>b] 9 a little t[n call$ ,nevada ,city1 ,cali=nia1 9 ! foo?ills ( ! ,si]ras4 ,he _h come ov] to ?is c\ntry )\t a p5ny & _h set up a b>b] %op 9 ?is little m9+ village ( ,nevada ,city4 ,he _h sav$ f 8 fees = cutt+ p's hair & %av+ !m1 #c1jjj4 ,he _h b\ght a piece ( b>r5 hillside :i* ev]ybody laugh$ at him = buy+2 & he s5t an ord] = #b1ejj wor? ( nut trees & fruit trees to a nurs]y firm 9 8 old home 9 ,france4 ,he did ?is )\t ev5 hav+ an irrigat+ sy/em ) :i* to irrigate ^? plants :5 !y arriv$4 ,he told me ) te>s 9 8 eyes h[ he _h work$ night & day1 c>ry+ buckets ( wat] to save ?is collection ( plants :5 x arriv$ f ,france4 ,:5 ,i visit$ ,felix ,gillett 9 8 plantation !re1 :i* he call$ ! ,b>r5 ,hill ,nurs]y1 ,i felt t ,i _h nev] se5 a m delightful spot 9 my life4 ,x 0 a k9d ( a p>adise :i* he _h built up by 8 love = plants & 8 wond]ful k ( ! v>ieties :i* he h&l$4 ,he c]ta9ly 0 "o ( ! great exp]ts ( ?is c\ntry 9 ! nut & fruit indu/ry1 p>ticul>ly ! nut indu/ry4 ,x is 8 collection ( hazelnuts :i* ,mr4 ,re$ spoke ( z hav+ f\nd its way into ,mr4 ,qu>nburg's h&s4 ,9 fact ,i 0 at ,mr4 ,qu>nburg's place a ye> ago la/ summ] & le>n$ t he got 8 fir/ />t f ?is little ,fr5* b>b] 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,nevada4 ,?is is ,felix ,gillett /&+ beside ! fir/ ,jordan almond tree 9 ,am]ica4 ,! difficulty ) ! ,jordan tree 9 ?is section 0 t x fl[]$ too e>ly & too few crops 7 produc$4 ,we h tri$ a good _m sections = ! almond & "o ( ! problems1 9 my op9ion1 is ! developm5t ( /ocks = x4 ,"h is ! ,,ixl on "o ( ,mey]'s ,*9ese /ocks 7,amygdalus davidiana74 ,x does v well on ?is /ock 9 ! region ( ,san ,antonio1 ,texas4 ,b ! future ( ?is almond bus9ess ought to h be5 told y by ,mey] aft] he came back f 8 trip 9 ,we/]n ,*9a4 ,^! bu%es are ( ! ,tangutian almond1 a little bu% almond2 gr[+ occasionally #ae or #ah or #bj feet 9 height & h>dy4 ,x 0 ,mey]'s plan1 _h he liv$1 to f9d "s place 9 ,s\?we/ ,colorado 9 :i* to bre$ h>dy almonds t w\ld cov] ^? hillsides ) a food produc+ plant4 ,i believe _h he liv$ he w\ld h done t = we h gott5 toge!r already = ! bre$]s a numb] ( =ms ( great promise4 ,mr4 ,wight ( ! ,(fice ( ,pomological ,inve/igations is n[ 9 ,cali=nia do+ bre$+ "w1 & ,i hope 8 life w be sp>$ s t he c produce a practical bu% almond4 ,my object 9 ?r[+ ?is photograph on ! scre5 is to %[ y a hillside cov]$ ) a food produc+ plant :i* has nev] yet receiv$ ! att5tion ( human be+s1 & yet if /udi$ might lead to ! production ( an entirely new type ( almond :i* w probably gr[ z f> nor? z ! ,dakotas4 ,jump+ f ! ,dakotas to ,florida ,i want to introduce to y ! ,c&le ,nut or ,kukui nut ( ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s :i* is gr[+ 9 ! s&y regions ( ! tropical belt ( ,florida4 ,if y w read ! lit]ature y w f9d t x is ref]r$ to z a ca?>tic1 resembl+ 9 ?is respect ! ca/or bean4 ,! problem is :e!r ! c&le nut z gr[n 9 ,florida is poison\s or n4 ,pr(4 ,simpson is gr[+ 9 8 y>d 9 ,florida a tree ( ?is ,kukui nut & has eat5 ^! nuts = ye>s1 & he j s5t me a c\ple qu>ts ( !m f 8 tree & ,i h tri$ !m on my fri5ds ) no injuri\s results :atev]4 ,! ?+ to look out = is ?is feti%1 ?is sup]/ition ( poison4 ,?is is a v h>d-%ell$ nut1 v oily & resembles some:at ! ,brazil nut4 ,if a m>ket c be made = x1 & !re does n seem to be any reason :y !re _c1 !re is no reason t !y _c be gr[n & !y w be gr[n 9 s\!rn ,florida4 ,t c\ntry :i* 9 #ahih 0 a wild]ness is n[ develop+ v rapidly z a region ( homes & :at !y want is plants t !y c gr[ d[n !re t !y c live ^u4 ,on ! left is "o ( ^! trees :i* has a good _m nuts on x4 ,x is 9 ,miami1 ,florida4 ,?is is a bran* ( "o ( ^! ,kukui nuts 9 ,miami4 ,?is is probably ! lea/ kn[n ( any ( ! nuts4 ,x is ! ,yeheb nut4 ,x belongs to ! ord] ( ,legum9osae & !y tell u x is s sweet1 hav+ betwe5 #ba & #bb p] c5t ( sug>1 t ! native ,arab w des]t 8 dates & ri* diet1 :i* is ! ord9>y diet ( t region1 & take to ! ,yeheb :5ev] x comes into fruit4 ,?is ,yeheb %rub gr[s 9 ! des]ts ( ,italian ,somalil& & ought to succe$ 9 our s\?we/]n c\ntry4 ,dur+ ! w> !re 0 atta*$ to ! ,italian ,embassy ! ,italian ,explor] ,capta9 ,vanutelli1 :o _h ! di/9ction ( hav+ be5 captur$ by a savage *ief 9 ,abyss9ia & b\nd = ov] two mon?s to a black ,abyss9ian slave4 ,:5 ,i spoke to him ab\t ?is ,yeheb nut he said1 ,yes1 ,i h eat5 x4 ,x is a wond]ful nut4 ,"s day ,i w get y "s ( x4 ,:5 ! %ipm5t came !re 7 two tons ( nuts & ,i 0 a little surpris$ to say ! lea/4 ,!y 7 br\ght on camel back ov] ! des]ts4 ,dur+ ! w> !y took eight or n9e mon?s to get to ,wa%+ton & :5 !y arriv$ !y 7 all dead4 ,not)/&+ _m attempts ?is nut is n gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates b we w h x4 ,x is v ?9-%ell$1 ! k]nels come out :ole & h a v sweet1 delicate flavor4 ,y h j come f ,dr4 ,van ,fleet's *e/nuts4 ,y "k t ?is is ! ,*9ese *e/nut 7,ca/anea mollissima7 :i* ,mey] f\nd 9 ,*9a4 ,dr4 ,van ,fleet w\ld probably tell y ?is is n ! way to prune !m if y want to increase ! *ances ( ^! ,*9ese *e/nuts )/&+ ! b>k disease4 ,y are probably famili> ) ! fact t ,mey] discov]$ ov] 9 ,*9a on ?is species ! orig9al *e/nut b>k disease :i* has de/roy$ our *e/nuts 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he f\nd t ?is v>iety 0 highly resi/ant b n entirely immune to ! disease4 ,dr4 ,gall[ay1 :o is h&l+ ! propagation & di/ribution ( ^! ,*9ese *e/nuts1 = our (fice1 wi%es to h x und]/ood t 9 ! di/ribution ( ^! :i* we w make 9 ! spr+ we desire to h !m s5t out 9 blocks2 we w\ld r n di/ribute ^! ,*9ese *e/nuts 9 s+le specim5s b w\ld be v glad to consid] (f]s f p :o h a qu>t] or a half ( an acre t !y want to plant4 ,we want to get "s idea ( ! behavior ( ?is species z an or*>d crop4 ,?is illu/rates ! way1 z ,i und]/& x1 t ,dr4 ,van ,fleet ?9ks ! trees %\ld be treat$1 on ! left2 ! way !y %\ld n be treat$ on ! "r4 ,!y seem to be mu* m susceptible to ! disease :5 prun$ up 9 ?is neat or*>d fa%ion4 ,"o ( ,mey]'s photographs tak5 at ,fan%an1 nor!a/ ( ,pek91 :]e he f\nd ! *e/nut b>k disease4 ,?is is ! way ! trees appe>$4 ,?is gives y "s idea ( ! size ( ,*9ese *e/nuts :i* he got4 ,^? back on ! hills are all ,*9ese *e/nuts on r poor soil z he expla9s 9 8 description ( ! photographs4 ,?is is an or*>d ( ,*9ese *e/nuts z plant$ by ! ,*9ese on ! ri*] soils ( ! l[ l&s :i* %[ l>g] trees4 ,ev5 :5 full siz$ !y d n comp>e ) our ,am]ican *e/nut b are old en\gh to %[ y t !y h n be5 kill$ by ?is b>k disease4 ,^! trees %[ signs ( ! disease b t !y h a high degree ( resi/ance is app>5tly beyond dispute4 ,?is %[s ! black sc> ne> ! top :i* ,mey] diagnoses z ! rema9s ( ! *e/nut b>k disease4 ,! sc> !re 9 ! crot* ( ?is *e/nut tree indicates ! degree ( resi/ance ( ?is species4 ,j h[ x is go+ to behave "h 9 ,am]ica no "o c tell b t x w\ld be possible to gr[ or*>ds ( ^! ,*9ese *e/nuts ) ! c>e :i* y ex]cise 9 gr[+ pe>s or ev5 pea*es ,i ?9k is a pretty safe guess4 ,mey] rem>ks t ?is tree is probably a c5tury old & ) signs ( ?is disease on x4 ,"h is "o t he m>ks z betwe5 two & ?ree c5turies old4 ,?is1 g5tlem51 is ! newe/ arrival 9 ?is c\ntry com+ f ,ea/ ,africa ne> ,zanzib>4 ,9 ,curtis's magaz9e !re is publi%$ an acc\nt ( ?is nut aft] ,mr4 ,playfair a ,briti% subject :o _h liv$ on ! isl& ( ,zanzib>4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ curi\s & mo/ int]e/+ nuts t has be5 br\ght to our att5tion4 ,x is borne by a climb+ v9e ! /em ( :i* sometimes rea*es six or sev5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! fruit is betwe5 two & "o-half & ?ree feet long & eight in*es 9 diamet]1 & be>s betwe5 #bej & #bfd ( ^! l>ge se$s ab\t ! size ( *e/nuts & ) a delicate flavor$4 ,9 #ahhd ?is ,mr4 ,playfair s5t "s ( ^! nuts to ,engl&1 b we h j discov]$ !m s to speak4 ,!y w probably gr[ 9 our tropical possessions & we mu/ n ov]look ! fact t aft] all !re is a di/9ct drift 9 our agriculture t[>ds ! developm5t ( t "p ( ! globe :i* has be5 s ov]look$ by horticulturi/s 9 ! pa/4 ,x is n at all impossible t "s ( y :o are "h 9 ?is audi5ce today w buy t ,playfairia on ! m>kets4 ,i ?ank y v mu* inde$ = y\r att5tion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,! h\r is late4 ,:at ,dr4 ,kellogg may h to say ,i "k w int]e/ y all greatly b x might bett] be said tomorr[ :5 we are fre% & ! att5dance w probably be l>g] ?an x is ?is ev5+4 ,if !re is no?+ fur!r to come be=e ! meet+ tonight we w take a recess until #i3cj 9 ! morn+4 ,! conv5tion adj\rn$ until #i3cj a4 m4 ,friday1 ,octob] #h4 ,,morn+ ,,session ,,friday ,,octob] #h1 #aibj ,! session 0 call$ to ord] by ,presid5t ,l9ton at #aj o'clock4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i wi% fir/ to beg ! p>don ( ! memb]%ip ( ! ,association = ! little "t t ,i h be5 able to give to ! prep>ation ( ?is p>ticul> pap]4 ,to illu/rate h[ limit$ t "t has be51 />t+ f ,mi*igan prior to our meet+ ye/]day ,i _h less ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs to get to ,wa%+ton4 ,x 0 necess>y t ,i %\ld call a meet+ toge!r at a little t[n 9 ,mi*igan :]e ! regul> tra9 did n /op4 ,9 ord] to get t tra9 x 0 necess>y to s5d a man to buy a ticket to t p>ticul> po9t & z he climb$ (f t tra9 ,i climb$ on4 ,! conductor ?\ght we %\ld be held up = a conspiracy = /opp+ a tra9 ( t "*4 ,on rea*+ ,detroit !re 7 a few m9utes betwe5 tra9s4 ,aft] l&+ 9 ,buffalo ,i f\nd t !re 7 fifte5 m9utes to make connections1 & aft] gett+ on t tra9 ,i f\nd our good ,bro!r ,pom]oy abo>d & he _h "s f9e dr9ks & o!r ?+s f 8 home f>m s t x 0 really ! midnight h\r be=e ,i c\ld comm5ce on ?is docum5t4 ,,presid5t',s ,,address ,,honorable ,,william ,s4 ,,l9ton1 ,,sag9aw1 ,,mi*igan ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem53 ,i well realize t x is an extreme honor t has come to me 9 hav+ be5 nam$ z y\r ,presid5t1 conf]r+ ! privilege also ( presid+ at ?is important meet+1 y\r ,t5? ,annual ,session4 ,x has be5 my lot = almo/ ?ree score ye>s to m+le l>gely 9 civic affairs ?r\gh organiz$ ef=ts1 = man's bett]m5t along _m l9es4 ,b ) all ?is exp]i5ce ,i d n recall any s+le gr\p1 or und]tak+ ( great] possible & probable value to ! p ( ?is c\ntry & especially ! next & all future g5]ations ?an ! purpose = :i* we ga!r today4 ,x is ( su* va/ importance t e>ne/ly & en?usia/ically we f9d =emo/ 9 ! "w1 ! be/ equipp$1 mo/ intellig5t1 progressive & successful ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t ( any gov]nm5t on e>?4 ,we are signally honor$ by ! co-op]ation ( "o ( ! mo/ important memb]s ( ! ,presid5t's ,cab9et1 ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 assi/+ 9 our program by ! pres5ce ( lead+ (ficials ( 8 /aff1 all endeavor+ 9 e possible way to supply excell5t su/a9+ foods to mank9d1 & to add f _m *oice products ( field or ( =e/1 to ! joy & com=ts ( liv+4 ,! p>ticul> l9e ( ef=t 9 :i* ?is organization is enli/$ is wor?y ( at lea/ "s "t & ?\ght ^u ! "p ( all p]sons int]e/$ 9 promot+ ! welf>e ( ! community1 /ate or c\nty 9 :i* !y live4 ,^? :o w d _! %>e1 & !re are ?\s&s ( !m if ! subject c be prop]ly pres5t$1 c add l>gely to ! food supply ( ! nation1 & provide real delicacies = e table 9 ! homes ( ! poor z well z 9 ! mansions ( ! ri*4 ,x w\ld be b a few ye>s be=e we w\ld h 9 size1 & quality ! ari/ocrats ( ! nut family1 9 walnuts1 hickory nuts1 butt]nuts1 ev5 bee* nuts1 ! same z 9 fruits we h ! ,b>tlett pe>1 ! ,nor!rn ,spy apple1 ! ,naval orange1 ! ,craw=d pea*1 or ! ,brighton grape4 ,"w ( ine/imable value is be+ done by our memb]%ip 9 propagat+ improv$ v>ieties t w be ri* & la/+ 9 results4 ,we _c1 h[ev]1 af=d to halt = ?is developm5t ( species z our own "t is too %ort1 b we c cause to be plant$ millions ( se$l+s out ( :i* w come _m *oice v>ieties ( ! future4 ,we w\ld h _h !m n[ _h our =efa!rs realiz$ :at c\ld be accompli%$ along ?is l9e & ! necessity = do+ x4 ,!re=e ,i w\ld urge ) all e>ne/ness t ! "w be n fur!r po/pon$1 b t we b5d e en]gy to br+ ab\t an awak5+ 9 ?is matt] t w cause g5]al activity ?r\gh\t ! entire ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re are sev]al ways ( do+ ?is1 any "o ( :i* %\ld br+ results4 ,! only "q ab\t any ( !m be+1 :o c sp>e ! "t necess>y = ?is "w4 ,my pleasant acqua9tance ) ! memb]s ( ?is ,association proves y all to be "o hundr$ p] c5t ,am]icans1 /&+ well up 9 y\r bus9ess & pr(essions1 & lead]s 9 ! civic life ( y\r communities4 ,^! excell5t po9ts to y\r cr$it1 really det] ea* & all f giv+ "t ?r\gh\t ! ye> to ! ,association's "w & p]mit only ! annual ga!r+ & ! ev5ts connect$ !re) t are l>gely spasmodic only 9 action & ef=t4 ,! ,association %\ld be made l>ge en\gh & /rong en\gh f9ancially to provide a ,secret>y ) prop] cl]ical assi/ance & fair comp5sation = "w well done4 ,f fifty to two hundr$ memb]s c be easily secur$ 9 e /ate 9 :i* ! ,nor!rn nuts gr[4 ,(ficials ( gov]nm5t1 ,/ates1 c\nties & cities are ready to jo9 9 ! movem5t4 ,road build]s1 own]s ( cut-ov] & o!r l&s only ne$ to h _! att5tion call$ to :at c be accompli%$ & ! great majority w unite ) u4 ,! "w ( ! ,am]ican ,=e/ry ,association has promot$ our cause also1 & ! e/abli%+1 & nam+ ( hi/oric trees ?r\gh\t ! l& c well be made a feature ( our plans4 ,only a day or two ago a ,mi*igan pap] c>ri$ ! foll[+ item3 ,,m\nt ,,v]non ,,walnut ,,ts ,,?riv+ ,,9 ,,+ham ,mason4 ,sept4 #bf4--,summit ,r4 ,k+1 a pione] ( ,mason1 :o 0 pres5t :5 ! ,republican p>ty 0 born "u ! oaks 9 ,jackson c\nty1 has evolv$ a plan = rais+ hi/oric trees 9 ,+ham c\nty4 ,9 #aijf he visit$ ! tomb ( ,wa%+ton at ,m\nt ,v]non & :ile !re ga!r$ "s black walnuts f a tree on ! gr\nds4 ,he plant$ ^? & 8 trees are n[ 9 be>+4 ,he has plac$ a quantity ( ! nuts 9 ! h&s ( ! c\nty s*ool commission]1 ,miss ,daisy ,call1 to be giv5 to ! rural s*ools t ! gr\nds may be beautifi$ ) trees plant$ 9 memory ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,:y n h ,m\nt ,v]non walnuts ?us di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! ,union4 ,e s*ool boy & girl 9 ! l& w\ld be delight$ to get !m = plant+4 ,! supply w\ld n equal "o hundr$? "p ( "o p] c5t ( ! dem& = !m4 ,!n select ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry o!r special or hi/oric trees ( v>i\s k9ds or v>ieties ( nuts & /ill ,i am sure ! supply w\ld n beg9 to equal ! dem&4 ,long ago ,i began to arrange = nut crops f "s ( ^! hi/oric trees1 plant$ by ,wa%+ton at 8 beautiful ,m\nt ,v]non home1 n[ ! ,mecca = pr9ce or paup] & all ^? millions :o love ! fre$om ( glori\s ,am]ica4 ,^? nuts w be plant$ 9 ! p>ks & on ! gr\nds ( ! p ( my home city ?is v ye> by ! *ildr5 ( our s*ools :o are n[ 9 _! m\ld+ be+ taught to rev]e ! "n ( ! fa!r ( our c\ntry4 ,?is v act ( patriotism w cause ?\s&s ( boys & girls to h fix$ 9 _! m9ds = y\? or age ! value ( plant+ ! useful trees t w 9 lat] ye>s produce food ( ! v be/ "* = ! human race4 ,c>ry ?is message into e city1 village & s*ool di/rict & ! good "w w be duplicat$ ?\s&s ( times & !n ! movem5t 9 :i* we h s e>ne/ly engag$ w h br\ght =? fruit 9 great abundance s t ev5 ! great majority ( ^? liv+ today1 & c]ta9ly ! g5]ations to come mu/ give ?is organization & its f\nd]s great cr$it = real & la/+ b5efits t w prevail = c5turies to come4 ,we all desire at ?is v important p]iod 9 our exi/5ce z an ,association1 to /r5g!n our =ces & enl>ge ! scope ( our "w4 ,to d x at once let me sugge/ ! e>ly *oos+ & nam+ ( live vice-presid5ts 9 e /ate t may be unit$ ) u 9 memb]%ip2 also a g5]al committee on legislation4 ,?is committee c d mu* ! com+ ye> :5 legislatures ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry w be 9 _! regul> session1 to cause ! adoption ( laws simil> to ! ,mi*igan ,/atute kn[n z ! ,p5ney ,act1 :i* provides = ! plant+ ( nut & o!r food be>+ trees along ! public highways4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ progressive enactm5ts 9 rec5t ye>s & its good features %\ld be adopt$ by e ,/ate1 & ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t z well1 by apply+ its provisions to ,national highways also4 ,9 conclusion ,i wi% to ?ank ea* & e (fic] & memb] = uni=m c\rtesies & favors ext5d$ to me ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,my only regret be+ t (ficial duties1 ext5d$ travel+1 & o!r un=ese5 dem&s ^u my "t h prev5t$ me f giv+ ! close p]sonal att5tion to e detail ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association bus9ess t x o!rwise w\ld h be5 my great pleasure to h done4 ,my gratitude is cordially ext5d$ to ea* & e memb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,b4 ,g4 ,,fo/]3 ,mr4 ,presid5t & ,fell[ ,memb]s3 ,i realize t *ildr5 %\ld be se5 & n he>d & ,i am m]ely a *ild 9 ?is organization4 ,at ! same "t ,i believe "u mod]n conditions *ildr5 are be+ m & m he>d & ! old] p are be+ put m & m 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,s ,i am go+ to take ! lib]ty ( mak+ a few rem>ks p>ticul>ly ) ref]5ce to ! presid5t's address4 ,?is is my fir/ att5dance at a meet+ ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association & ,i h pr(it$ v greatly by x4 ,i h become v mu* int]e/$ 9 nut culture4 ,9 a small way ,i am /umbl+ along & le>n+ some?+ ( ! "w & ! developm5t ( ?is indu/ry4 ,at pres5t x is m]ely a fad ) me b ,i d n "k b :at x may become some?+ m z ,i get into x4 ,i h be5 p>ticul>ly impress$ ?is morn+ ) ! address ( ! presid5t4 ,!re 7 "o or two sugge/ions t he makes t ,i wi% to ref] to4 ,i ?9k x is an excell5t sugge/ion to get ! *ildr5 int]e/$ 9 nut culture ?r\gh hi/orical nut trees if nuts c be secur$ f su* trees & deliv]$ to diff]5t s*ool au?orities4 ,ano!r is ! "q ( hav+ a repres5tative f e /ate4 ,i w\ld l to inquire f ! secret>y if "s su* provision has be5 adopt$4 ,,! ,,act+ ,,secret>y3 ,we h always _h a li/ ( /ate vice-presid5ts :i* y w f9d 9 ea* "o ( ! reports4 ,^? /ate vice-presid5ts h be5 select$ because ( _! be+ ! mo/ active memb]s 9 ea* p>ticul> /ate b !y h nev] be5 especially active m ?an to turn 9 "s communication ab\t _! "w4 ,i h nev] be5 able to get any ( !m to make any special campaign = new memb]s4 ,,mr4 ,,fo/]3 ,!n1 z ,i und]/& x1 ! presid5t's idea is to urge ^! vice-presid5ts to take a m active int]e/ 9 ! affairs ( ! association4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,t is ! po9t ,i desire to make4 ,,mr4 ,,morris3 ,:5 ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 drawn up x 0 said to be insanely ideal4 ,we d n h to /ret* our imag9ations ?is morn+ to ! po9t ( a "q ( our sanity :5 our presid5t's compositions are put be=e u4 ,8 pap] seems sanely ideal4 ,!re is only "o ?+ t int]e/s a *ild m ?an hi/ory1 7unless x is ,sunday s*ool71 & t is a doll> bill4 ,n[ if we are go+ to approa* ! *ildr5 let u introduce ! pragmatic side ( giv+ ! *ild an object lesson %[+ :]e ! plant+ ( a nut tree w br+ a return 9 doll> bills t w rip5 along ) ! leaves e autumn in/ead ( j leaves alone4 ,we %\ld h 9 connection ) v>i\s educational in/itutions a few object lesson trees4 ,x seems to me t ?is is a responsibility ( ! /ate4 ,a numb] ( responsibilities h be5 put ^u ! /ate 9 ! pa/ & a numb] ( responsibilities h be5 put ^u ! educational dep>tm5t 9 e /ate4 ,s _m ( !m1 9 fact1 t h>dly any legislature w /& )\t hit*+ :5 !re is a "q ( div]sion ( pork b>rel funds away f riv] & h>bor appropriations t[>d education4 ,we c %[ t v mu* l>g] riv] & h>bor requirem5ts w foll[ if our *ildr5 raise s mu* ( ?is great new fe$ supply t we h m ?+s to transport4 ,! "q may be tak5 almo/ s]i\sly f t po9t4 ,9 fact if y give fur!r consid]ation to ! matt] x seems to me t ?is /atem5t ( m9e1 made some:at 9 ! _s ( levity1 is l _m o!r /atem5ts made 9 ! _s ( levity4 ,x has a basis 9 real fact4 ,! developm5t ( t basis ,i w leave to y\r imag9ation4 ,,mr4 ,,mcgl5non3 ,9 reg>d to ,dr4 ,morris' rem>ks relative to ! f9ancial consid]ation1 t appeals to me ) peculi> =ce & ,i ?9k we c v mat]ially provide = x 9 an enl>g$ memb]%ip4 ,= "s "t ,i h be5 giv+ v s]i\s ?\ght to ! subject ( enl>g+ ! memb]%ip ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association4 ,i ?9k q a sub/antial ga9 0 made la/ ye> & ,i believe t a v l>ge ga9 c be made ?is ye>4 ,i ?9k we ought to h a memb]%ip 9 ! neighborhood ( a ?\s& anyway4 ,i believe we c increase x ?is ye> to at lea/ #ejj4 ,probably ,i am p>ticul>ly =tunate 9 hav+ a s\rce ( supply ( memb]%ip t p]haps ! re/ ( ! memb]s h n1 ?r\gh ! ,l4 ,w4 ,hall ,company4 ,?is company is h&l+ our improv$ filb]ts & is gett+ a l>ge numb] ( ord]s & ! p :o h receiv$ plants dur+ ! pa/ c\ple ( ye>s seem to be v mu* pleas$ ) !m4 ,9 _m in/ances !y h already borne fruit4 ,! ,hall company has receiv$ spl5did lett]s 9 reg>d to !m4 ,9 ! fall & 9 ! spr+ ! ,hall company s5ds out a l>ge numb] ( catalogues4 ,?is fall !y w s5d some?+ l a ?\s&1 9 ! spr+ f five to sev5 ?\s& & 9 ea* ( ^! catalogues ! lit]ature ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association c be includ$4 ,we exp]im5t$ a little la/ ye> along ?is l9e & ,i believe ,mr4 ,bixby w be> me out 9 say+ t !re 0 q a tangible response4 ,i got a few memb]s 9 & ab\t ,ro*e/] ?r\gh fri5ds b ,i believe t ,i c almo/ gu>antee at lea/ a hundr$ memb]s myself ?is ye> & probably m1 p>ticul>ly ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,hall ag5cy4 ,b1 z ,dr4 ,morris says1 or practically said1 !re is no?+ 9 ?is _w t talks l\d] ?an a doll> s ,i ?\ght ,i w\ld come "h prep>$ to back up my position & to gu>antee at lea/ #be memb]s = ?is ye>4 ,!re is ano!r matt] to :i* ,i ?9k we ought to give s]i\s consid]ation & t is ! matt] ( ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal4 ,x is ! only nut j\rnal1 z ,i und]/&1 9 ! c\ntry & ,i believe !re is an ine/imable future = x if we seize our opportunity or enable ,mr4 ,olcott to seize 84 ,at ?is "t1 ,i believe1 he is n gett+ ! support t he ought to h f ?is ,association & ! o!r nut associations ( ! c\ntry4 ,he is a v able man1 at "o "t ! editor ( ! ,po/ ,express 9 ,ro*e/]1 ! classie/ pap] 9 ,ro*e/]1 & we h "s classy ones !re1 he is an educat$ man ( l>ge exp]i5ce & v v]satile & x seems to me he ought to h sub/antial support4 ,s ,i came "h ) a c]tifi$ *eck = #be memb]%ips to ! association & #be subscriptions to ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal z a gu>antee ( good fai?4 ,i believe ,i c add #ge m4 ,!re are "s o!r ?+s t ,i ?9k we ought to give consid]ation to & t is ! "w t is be+ done by ,dr4 ,dem+ & ,mr4 ,bixby4 ,i ?9k ^! m5 %\ld h special & sub/antial support1 real support1 money support1 s t !y c d ?+s z !y ought to be done at ! "t !y ought to be done4 ,i ?9k we are selfi% 9 ask+ ^! m5 to give s mu* ( _! "t & att5tion & money to ! affairs ( ?is association )\t giv+ !m bett] support4 ,if we h m memb]s we w h m money & m memb]s w br+ m memb]s4 ,?is propag&a w be spread f> & wide4 ,! int]e/ 9 nut culture is gr[+ by leaps & b\nds4 ,i ?9k ?is is ! "t to /rike z a sci5tific organization4 ,i ?9k ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association is ! mo/ sci5tific ( all ( ! nut gr[+ associations4 ,t is some?+ ( a guess1 ( c\rse1 b if !y 7 put to ! te/ ,i believe x w\ld come out on top4 ,anyway put me d[n = ! v be/ ef=ts t ,i c r5d] to ! end ( build+ up memb]%ip & f9ancial support ( ?is association4 ,x seems to me t ) m5 l ,dem+1 ,bixby1 ,morris1 ,littlepage1 & o!rs :om ,i c\ld m5tion1 ! sci5tific & practical ends ( ?is association are be+ pretty well tak5 c>e (4 ,we meet "h 9 association & x is v lovely1 some?+ ( a mutual admiration society2 we g away & are likely to =get until x is ab\t "t to get busy ) ano!r meet+4 ,n[ x seems to me we ought to be busy all ! ye> do+ some?+ s t :5 we come to ! meet+ l ?is we h some?+ to report 9 ! way ( memb]%ip & money4 ,t w make possible ^! plans t ,dr4 ,morris sugge/$4 ,i 0 unable to he> ! presid5t's address b x seems to me t m att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ! matt] ( f9ances ( ?is association & ! memb]%ip4 ,i j want to add a rem>k or two 9 reg>d to ,mr4 ,voll]ts5 :o is go+ to read a pap] on ! filb]t4 ,we h f\nd1 & we c]ta9ly believe1 he & ,i1--& he kn[s m ?an ,i d because he is on ! gr\nd all ! "t--,i look aft] ! sales end ( x1--we h f\nd t sev]al ( our small] v>ieties ( nuts are1 9 our e/imation1 decid$ly sup]ior to "s ( ! l>g] v>ieties4 ,:ile we believe t ! consum] is go+ to give fir/ ?\ght to size he w be mak+ a mi/ake if he passes by "s ( our small] v>ieties :i* are spl5didly fill$1 fill$ to capacity1 v ri*1 & ?9-%ell$4 ,i d n want ! small] v>ieties pass$ by4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i ?9k ! nurs]ies w\ld be glad to co-op]ate 9 ! gett+ ( new memb]s & x has occurr$ to me t !y might l to donate trees to new memb]s or plants or some?+ t w\ld attract !m4 ,t might be work$ up ) ! secret>y if x w\ld be any great attraction = gett+ new memb]s4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i ?9k t is a v good sugge/ion4 ,,! ,,secret>y-,,treasur]3 ,mr4 ,mc,glennon spoke ( ! am\nt ( "t t ! secret>y _h to give to ! "w4 ,i c speak f exp]i5ce & ,i c speak frankly because ! secret>y & ! treasur] are diff]5t p]sons1 al?\gh ! (fice ( ! secret>y treasur] has n yet be5 (ficially divid$4 ,! treasur] is suppos$ to h n mu* to d & ! secret>y to get ! bulk ( ! "w4 ,:ile ! f9ances ( ! association at ! pres5t "t are n su* t we c recomm5d ! pay+ ( a sal>y to ! secret>y1 yet !re %\ld be a sal>y paid to ! secret>y suffici5t s t he c\ld employ someone to relieve him ( a good portion ( ! detail :i* comes on him4 ,i "k by exp]i5ce :at t is4 ,i w\ld l to ask ! association to au?orize ! treasur] to pay ! secret>y a sal>y n exce$+ #ejj a ye>4 ,t is :at x ought to be or :atev] portion ( t ! f9ances w p]mit = ?is purpose4 ,9 (f]+ t ,i d n want ! secret>y to ?9k t he mu/ beg9 to sp5d ! money "r away1 because x is n 9 ! treasury1 b ,i h a lot ( fai? t we w get m money & w be enabl$ to pay t4 ,s ,i want to ask y\r au?ority to d x4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i w\ld l to second t motion & also to endorse :at ,mr4 ,mc,glennon said1 & ,mr4 ,jones1 9 reg>d to new memb]s4 ,i ?9k t is "o ( ! ?+s we ne$ z mu* z any?+ "r n[ & t we c get !m if we g aft] !m4 ,i "k t our secret>ies1 bo? ,mr4 ,bixby & ,dr4 ,dem+1 h done a great deal ( "w & t x takes a great deal ( "w to get new memb]s4 ,!re are a good _m o!r ?+s on ! s*$ule = ! treasur] & secret>y to d besides t4 ,we h a sy/em ( vice-presid5ts = ea* /ate & "o ( my rec5t ideas has be5 t he might =m ! c5t] = an increase ( memb]%ip 9 8 p>ticul> /ate ?r\gh co-op]ation ) ! secret>y ( ?is association4 ,if we d n keep aft] ?is matt] aft] we adj\rn we %all be j ab\t :]e we are n[ a ye> f n[4 ,x is activity t c\nts4 ,i am sure t if we provide = a sal>y = ! secret>y we w get busy & provide = t sal>y1 s ,i make ! motion t ! treasur] be au?oris$ to pay #ejj1 or any portion ( t am\nt t ! association c af=d1 to ! secret>y4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i second ! motion4 ,! motion 0 c>ri$ unanim\sly4 ,,! ,,act+ ,,secret>y3 ,y w notice t1 9 ! "q box1 "q numb] #ab is 9 relation to roadside plant+ ( nut trees4 ,m p1 x seems to me1 are int]e/$ 9 ! roadside plant+ ( nut trees ?an 9 any o!r "o phase ( nut plant+4 ,i get _m que/ions ab\t :at is desirable to plant on ! roadsides & _m sugge/ions t ! ,association p>ticul>ly int]e/ itself 9 enc\rag+ roadside nut plant+4 ,!re=e x seems to me t x w\ld be advisable t ?is association %\ld appo9t a committee :i* %\ld consid] all ! factors conc]n$ 9 roadside plant+ ( nut trees1 & %\ld draw up a bullet9 :i* c be s5t out to (ficials & p :o make inquiry & to all p :o are int]e/$1 giv+ !m exact & specific in=mation on ! subject ( road plant+ 9 ea* /ate1 consid]+ ea* /ate sep>ately & sugge/+ :at nut trees _h be/ be plant$ 9 t p>ticul> /ate4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i ?9k ,dr4 ,dem+'s sugge/ion is a good "o b ,i d n l ! idea ( wait+ ano!r ye>4 ,i ?9k we ought to d t "r n[4 ,!re is a big opportunity = produc+ new v>ieties4 ,= in/ance1 get ea* /ate to take up plant+ ( ! v be/ nuts !y c get & !n plant ! se$l+s on ! roadside & we w get new v>ieties t w be bett] ?an any?+ we h n[4 ,if y plant common nuts y w get common nuts b if y plant f9e nuts :ile y w /ill get a l>ge numb] ( ord9>y nuts y w get "s t w be f9e & "s t w be bett] ?an any?+ y plant1 if y plant en\gh ( !m4 ,i ?9k t is ! greate/ opportunity we h 9 roadside plant+4 ,,! ,,act+ ,,secret>y3 ,i ?9k ?is is ! prop] c\rse to foll[1 t ! committee appo9t$ %\ld h p[] to issue a bullet9 )\t wait+ = ! next conv5tion4 ,i w\ld l to see our presid5t at ! head ( ! committee4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i w\ld l to see !m get ! nuts ?is ye>4 ,!re is a good crop ( nuts ?is ye>1 black walnuts1 hickory & o!r nuts4 ,,! ,,act+ ,,secret>y3 ,i move t a committee be appo9t$ by ! presid5t1 ! numb] to be det]m9$ by ! presid5t1 & our presid5t1 ,mr4 ,l9ton1 to be ! *airman ( ! committee1 to consid] ! compilation & issue ( a bullet9 on roadside plant+ ( nut trees4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i second ! motion4 ,! motion 0 c>ri$ unanim\sly4 ,,mr4 ,,pom]oy3 ,y w f9d ?is argum5t probably w be us$ by "s t ! trees w be de/roy$ by automobile p>ties & *ildr5 hamm]+ ! nuts (f ) /icks & /ones4 ,i h a few nut trees plant$ along ! roadside n[ t are 9 be>+4 ,!y h be5 9 be>+1 "s ( !m1 six or eight ye>s & !y are )9 =ty feet ( a s*ool h\se ) a l>ge att5dance ( *ildr54 ,i h _h no tr\ble at all ) ! *ildr5 ga!r+ ! nuts or tamp]+ ) ! trees4 ,( c\rse !y take a few--,i w\ld take !m if ,i 7 9 _! place1--b none ( any consequ5ce4 ,automobile p>ties pass+ along !re seldom bo!r !m--al?\gh !y are worse ?an ! *ildr5 to tell ! tru?4 ,y w he> t argum5t1 t a food produc+ tree along ! roadside w be injur$ by travel]s4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,mr4 ,pom]oy's rem>k relates ei!r to "o ( two ?+s1 to bad nuts or good *ildr54 ,we w n h t feature ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry at l>ge4 ,x is an important po9t1 h[ev]1 b if ?is is to be committee "w x seems to me t p]haps ,mr4 ,pom]oy & o!rs might (f] _! te/imony at ! "t !re is a committee meet+ = bullet9 purposes & we ought n to g on ) ?is discussion at ?is "t4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,! next ?+ on ! program is an address by ,dr4 ,william ,a4 ,taylor1 ,*ief ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 on ,! ,place ( ,nut ,trees 9 our ,nor!rn ,horticulture4 ,,! ,,place ,,( ,,nut ,,trees ,,9 ,,our ,,nor!rn ,,horticulture ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,taylor1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,we are some:at incl9$ 9 ,am]ica to consid] none b ! big ?+s wor? :ile4 ,we l to d ! big ?+s & ! quick ones4 ,to organize billion doll> corporations2 gr[ billion bu%el :eat crops2 to h ! swifte/ motor boat or auto2 to receive ! l>ge/ income p] man1 p] ye>1 or p] acre4 ,conc5trat+ our att5tion on cap %eaves & sup]latives r g5]ally we v easily lose sight ( features less conspicu\s ?\gh highly important4 ,su* an "o is ! rational developm5t ( nut culture 9 our ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,s9ce ! sc\r+ ( our *e/nut =e/s by ! ,asiatic *e/nut blight has practically elim9at$ t nut f consid]ation = or*>d plant+ 9 ! infect$ t]ritory until resi/ant v>ieties yield+ good crops ( nuts ( acceptable quality are obta9$ or develop$1 we c h>dly say ) assurance t we h any nut ( prov$ adaptability 9 sight :i* is wor?y ( plant+ on an ext5sive scale = its crop alone1 on productive agricultural l& 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,along ! s\!rn fr+e ( ! ,nor? z 9 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 s\!rn ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 & ,miss\ri exception 9 favor ( ! h>dy v>ieties ( pecans %\ld probably be not$ b 9 ! light ( pres5t k or*>d plant+ ( ! comm]cially important almond1 ,p]sian walnut1 & pecan mu/ be left to ! ,pacific ,coa/ & 9 ! ,s\?4 ,?is fact has be5 s g5]ally recogniz$ t we h be5 incl9$ to give up all ?\ght ( attempt+ nut production 9 ! ,nor? m]ely because l>ge scale op]ation is n attractive4 ,!re is mu* gr\nd = belief t ?is view is errone\s & t !re is ne$ = localiz$ plant+4 ,if ! _w w> taught any economic lesson to civiliz$ m5 :i* !y %\ld rememb] & act on1 x is t l[ co/ food res]ves %\ld be provid$ aga9/ possible exig5cies4 ,!y are n ne$$ e ye> b :5 ne$$ _! value c h>dly be e/imat$4 ,only to a limit$ ext5t c su* res]ves be accumulat$ out ( ! production ( our ord9>y c]eals & commonly cultivat$ crops4 ,pot5tial res]ves 9 ! =m ( fruitful nut trees c be e/abli%$ at relative light initial inve/m5t or ( cont9u+ c>e & labor on almo/ e f>m & by _m a roadside 9 mu* ( our f>m+ t]ritory4 ,black walnut1 butt]nut1 %ag b>k1 %ell b>k1 bee* & o!r h>dy1 long-liv$ native trees c be e/abli%$ at l[ co/ 9 l>ge numb]s = beauty1 %ade1 & food production4 ,nor %\ld ! possibilities ( ,p]sian walnut1 ,japanese walnut1 & native hazel be disreg>d$ 9 favor$ sections4 ,:ile none ( ^! are entirely free f plant diseases or insect pe/s1 !y are1 :5 once e/abli%$1 capable ( ma9ta9+ !mselves fairly clean & s\nd ) little exp5diture = spray+ or o!r att5tion dur+ ! gr[+ season :5 ! peak load activities ( ! f>m are on4 ,:y %\ld n _! plant+ receive m att5tion & enc\ragem5t f our horticultural & o!r rural societies8 ,= r\gh l& & roadside plant+ !y are decid$ly m practical 9 mo/ sections ?an any ( our fruit trees1 sub/antially all ( :i* require spray+ & tillage to ma9ta9 productiv5ess1 or 9 fact to avoid becom+ nuisances by h>bor+ pe/s to contam9ate ! comm]cial or*>ds ( ! neighborhoods4 ,:ile mu* has be5 said 9 ,am]ica 9 comm5dation ( ! roadside plant+ ( fruit trees s common 9 portions ( ,europe1 & :ile !re are possibilities ( useful developm5t along ?is l9e1 mo/ ,am]ican ef=ts 9 ?is direction h prov$ disappo9t+ because ( ! impracticability ( giv+ ! trees ! c>e & att5tion !y require4 ,:ile (t5 promis+ at ! />t !y h quickly become infe/$ ) ,san ,jose & o!r scales1 bor]s1 blights & rots :i* c only be prev5t$ or controll$ by sy/ematic & ?or\gh rem$ial measures1 r>ely possible on r\gh l&s1 9 f5ce r[s & on roadsides4 ,if ?is type ( nut culture is suffici5tly promis+ to be wor? :ile1 d we n ne$ to attack its problems f a some:at diff]5t angle ?an has become our cu/om ) ! trees :i* are to be gr[n "u int5sive cultural conditions at high ma9t5ance co/1 su* z m & m *>act]izes our or*>d+8 ,x has seem$ to me = "s "t t 9 ?is field we ne$ to return 9 our /udy ( v>ieties & /ra9s ( nut trees to ! /&>ds & ideals ( ! e>li] & rud] p]iod ( ,am]ican ,pomology :5 ru/icity ( tree1 includ+ /orm endurance1 fre$om f tr\blesome diseases & insect pe/s1 z well z productiv5ess & dess]t quality 7 ! prim>y consid]ation next aft] satisfactory productiv5ess & quality ( crop4 ,?is & o!r l societies might well devote mu* ef=t to ! secur+ ( p]=mance records ( promis+ individual nut trees1 :e!r wild or gr[n by man1 ) a view to locat+ ^? :i*1 :e!r be>+ nuts ( ! l>ge/ size & f9e/ quality or n1 possess ! inh]5t ability to be> regul> crops ( fair quality "u ! r\gh & humble conditions ( ! av]age f5ce r[ or roadside ( ! region to :i* !y are adapt$4 ,c a m allur+ & fasc9at+ field = se>* ?r\gh\t ! gr[+ season be sugge/$ or "o m likely to int]e/ ! gr[+ army ( nature lov]s1 :e!r dwell]s 9 c\ntry or t[n8 ,once locat$ & prov$ wor? :ile ?r\gh a suffici5t p]iod ( cropp+ su* trees1 especially ( black walnut1 c\ld be made available ?r\gh nurs]y propagation = rapid dissem9ation = exp]im5tal plant+ ?r\gh\t ! areas ( _! probable adaptability4 ,d n und]/& me z 9 any s5se disc\rag+ ! cont9uance ( pa9/ak+ exp]im5tation ) a view to f9d+ or develop+ v>ieties suit$ to or*>d plant+ 9 ^? scatt]$1 favor$ spots :]e conditions make success reasonably probable4 ,my po9t is r t 9 our nor!rn /ates by f> ! l>ge/ pot5tial production ( nuts is ?r\gh wa/e l& utilization & dual or triple purpose plant+1 su* z nuts & %ade & 9 "s cases ultimate yield ( highly valuable timb]4 ,9 %ort1 widespread recognition ( ! importance ( nut-tree plant+ z a side l9e4 ,?is des]ves att5tion dur+ ! next few ye>s because ( ! practical c]ta9ty t z our nationwide developm5t ( p]man5t highways proce$s1 roadside trees plant+ on a l>ge scale is sure to foll[4 ,:5 und]tak5 x %\ld be on a solid f\ndation ( exp]i5ce especially ) reg>d to ! climatic adaptation1 soil & dra9age requirem5ts1 v>ietal *>act]i/ics1 su* z habit1 vigor1 pe/ resi/ance1 & productiv5ess1 all ( :i* are fundam5tally important :]e ! use ( ! l& = a c5tury or m is involv$4 ,:at has be5 said ) reg>d to highway plant+ is /ill m important ) reg>d to ! plant+ ( ! f>m/ead :]e ill-suit$ trees become a s\rce ( grief r ?an ( satisfaction4 ,side-l9e plant+ ( nut trees 9 our nor!rn /ates is practically sure to develop on a l>ge scale dur+ ! next tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,h[ c ! ess5tials to its rational developm5t be mo/ promptly & accurately det]m9$ & mo/ effectively dissem9at$ among ! p8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,apropos ( side l9e plant+1 ,mr4 ,jones "s ?ree or f\r ye>s ago gave me a v h&y little or*>d saw4 ,he said t :5 ,i w5t ar\nd ! or*>d on ,sunday morn+ be=e *ur* "t if ,i _h ?is saw ) me ,i w\ld f9d some?+ to d4 ,well :5 ,i h ?is saw 9 my h& be=e *ur* ,i f9d s mu* to d t ,i _c g to *ur*4 ,n[ if we take up tree plant+ z a side l9e x is go+ to be ! little cap t w fire (f ! big gun4 ,i ?9k we may safely urge side l9e plant+ ( nut trees believ+ t m5 :o take up ! side l9e w be drawn into putt+ !m out on ! v be/ l& !y h4 ,,! ,,secret>y ,,treasur]3 ,dr4 ,taylor said if ! trees 7 suit$ to ! climatic conditions4 ,i w\ld l to ask him ab\t t4 ,i get _m reque/s f p f v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry z to :at trees w\ld succe$ 9 _! sections4 ,z a matt] ( assi/ance 9 ! future ,i w\ld l to ask ,dr4 ,taylor h[ he w\ld g ab\t f9d+ t out4 ,,dr4 ,,taylor3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 my fir/ /ep ,i ?9k w\ld be to put t "q to my neighbor :o _h be5 !re long] ?an ,i1 :o _h _h 8 eyes op5 & :o _h _h opportunity to obs]ve4 ,!re is great risk 9 und]tak+ to project into inve/m5t propositions !oretical consid]ations ) respect to p>ticul> v>ieties ( trees4 ,our guide1 our only guide1 mu/ be actual1 obs]v$ behavior ( ! trees t we h "u consid]ation4 ,( c\rse we c draw "s broadly g5]al l9es4 ,we d well 9 a matt] ( ?is "* to draw ^? l9es r cons]vatively & make cle> t he :o passes beyond ! l9e does s at 8 own risk4 ,he does x delib]ately exp]im5tally r ?an ^u :at y might call an inve/m5t basis4 ,! important ?+1 x seems to me at ?is /age is to obs]ve & record ! facts ) respect to ! trees n[ gr[+4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 is p>ticul>ly true ) reg>d to ! native trees :i*1 )\t d\bt1 mu/ take ! lead 9 side l9e plant+ ?r\gh\t ! nor!rn /ates4 ,t is to my m9d ! important ?+4 ,trees exi/ 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,!y ne$ to be locat$ & /udi$ n m]ely obs]v$ on "o bright sunny aft]noon :5 ev]y?+ t5ds t[>ds satisfaction & optimism1 b ?r\gh ! eyes 9 a way t w make available n only to ! obs]v] b to ! re/ ( u ! facts 9 reg>d to ^? trees4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,! next numb] on our program is ,tree ,plant+ = ,def9ite ,purposes1 by ,*>les ,la?rop ,pack1 ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,=e/ry ,association4 ,mr4 ,pack has notifi$ u t he is unable to be pres5t1 b has =w>d$ 8 pap]4 ,,greate/ ,,p[] ,,produc+ ,,eng9e ,,is ,,! ,,nut ,,tree--,,make ,,nut ,,trees ,,y\r ,,middle ,,man ,,9 ,,fight+ ,,food ,,co/ ,,*>les ,,la?rop ,,pack1 ,,presid5t1 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,=e/ry ,,association ,on e h& we he> ! call = p[] & m p[]4 ,e sci5tific g5ius 9 ! _w directs 8 att5tion to increas+ p[] units 9 ! /ruggle = _w trade on :i* we are ent]+ foll[+ a ,_w ,w>4 ,bus9ess calls = quick] transportation & ! motor _w answ]s ) ma/] motors2 railroads are be+ or h be5 electrifi$2 wat] p[] developm5ts are be+ pu%$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! bus9ess _w calls = m p[] & ! a]oplanes answ] ) ! deliv]y ( mail & soon we are told x w ent] ! /rictly comm]cial field4 ,b :at ( man8 ,:at is be+ done to make him /& up "u ?is t]rific /ra92 ?is ke5] competition8 ,:at ( ! food t mu/ keep him go+8 ,:at ( products t mu/ be put be=e him ) ! middle man /&+ betwe58 ,a nut be>+ tree is ! mo/ p[]ful eng9e 9 ! _w if its fruits be prop]ly us$4 ,if ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\ld h nut be>+ trees = _! middlem5 9 ! fight to br+ d[n ! ,high ,co/ ( ,liv+ x w\ld come d[n quickly4 ,nuts are ! mo/ important ( all tree crops because !y are ! ri*e/ natural food sub/ance kn[n4 ,a nut is ,nature's supreme ef=t to pack z mu* n\ri%m5t z %e c into ! smalle/ possible space = ! n\ri%m5t ( ! future "y plant4 ,t "s p are aw>e ( ^! food values is evid5c$ 9 ! nationwide tree ballot+ n[ be+ conduct$ by ! ,am]ican ,=e/ry ,association = ! selection ( a national tree4 ,9 ?is vot+ nut be>+ trees are 9 ! lead4 ,_m nuts conta9 z mu* musclebuild+ food z ri* *eese1 a ?ird m ?an beef /eak1 twice z mu* fat z *eese1 five times z mu* z eggs4 ,*e/nuts conta9 #gj p] c5t ( />*1 ne>ly z mu* z ! be/ :eat fl\r & f\r times z mu* z potatoes4 ,peanuts & hickory nuts are ?ree times z n\ri%+ z beef/eak4 ,:5 y ?9k ( x t way x h>dly seems to be ! ?+ to casually mun* triple extract ( beef/eak f a /reet nut /& or aft] a he>ty d9n]4 ,say a fifty-p\nd bu%el ( black walnuts co/s two doll>s4 ,x yields #ab-a_/b p\nds ( meats ^: fuel1 or food value is #cg1ejj calories4 ,! same numb] ( calories 9 beef/eak at fifty c5ts a p\nd w\ld co/ m ?an fifte5 doll>s4 ,a bu%el ( hickory nuts at ?ree doll>s yields z _m calories z sixte5 doll>s' wor? ( r\nd /eak4 ,out 9 ,kansas ! o!r day a s+le walnut tree /ump1 grubb$ out on ! banks ( a creek 9 ,ge>y ,c\nty br\ght ! f>m] #bej4 ,:5 ! call ( w> came we f\nd we _h to hunt = black walnut to make gun /ocks & a]oplane propell]s4 ,9 "s t[ns 9 ,ohio1 citiz5s cut ! walnut f _! /reets s high 0 ! price (f]$ = ?is wood4 ,s let u make trees1 p>ticul>ly nut be>+ trees1 ! memorials or ! prop] sett+ = memorials to ! m5 :o (f]$ _! lives to _! c\ntry 9 ! ,_w ,w>4 ,let u l9e our highways ) trees & make !m ,roads ( ,remembrance4 ,9 ?is way ! trees w impress _! value ^u millions ( our p4 ,put ^! trees :]e !y c spread ! message ( production & beautification comb9$4 ,take _! se$s & pass !m on to o!r places :]e ! message w be spread /ill fur!r4 ,mi*igan is plant+ apple trees along a ,victory ,highway4 ,t\ri/s w pick ^? apples "s day4 ,t is j :at ,mi*igan wants !m to d4 ,mi*igan wants ! t\ri/s to c>ry ! fame ( ,mi*igan's apples to ! s\!rn tip ( ,florida & to ! nor!rn tip ( ,montana4 ,:y d n y\r memb]s ( ?is ,association ( nut gr[]s foll[ ! example ( ,mi*igan by plant+ nut trees along ! highways ( ! /ate !y repres5t4 ,! ,am]ican ,=e/ry ,association is glad to co-op]ate ) anyone :o wants to spread ! message ( ! tree4 ,! p ( ?is c\ntry h a responsive e> to campaigns ( education4 ,! ,am]ican ,=e/ry ,association's call = memorial tree plant+ has demon/rat$ ?is4 ,trees are be+ plant$ by ! ,am]ican ,legion1 ! ,s]vice ,/> ,legion1 s*ools1 *ur* congregations1 all sorts ( organizations & individuals ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! tree is ! "o ?+ ) its ev] r5ew+ life symbol t meets ! requirem5ts ( a memorial4 ,! tree is ! memorial ! individual c erect1 c>e = & protect4 ,!n j consid] :at ! tree gives ! plant] 9 return--an affection t only comes f ! bosom ( ! e>?1 to :i* ! lov$ "o = :om ! tree 0 plant$1 has return$4 ,y g5tlem5 are miss+ a great opportunity if y d n get squ>ely beh9d ! ,am]ican ,=e/ry ,association & help x spread ! message ( ! tree1 ,nature's ma/]piece & greate/ gift to man1 & 9 do+ s urge ! value ( plant+ trees t produce food :]ev] su* trees c give bett] s]vice ?an ^? :i* d n produce food4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,! next numb] on our program is ,a ,nurs]y ( ,improv$ ,filb]ts1 by ,conrad ,voll]ts51 ( ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,a ,,nurs]y ,,( ,,improv$ ,,filb]ts ,,conrad ,,voll]ts51 ,,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,aga9 ,i h prep>$ a pap] on ! gr[+ ( ,improv$ ,european hazelnuts1 b ?r\gh practical exp]i5ce p]haps a little m positive 9 my /atem5ts4 ,x is well kn[n1 a well e/abli%$ fact1 t our common native ,am]ican hazelnuts bo? ,corylus ro/rata ! beak$ hazel1 & ,corylus ,am]icana ! ,am]ican hazel 9 _! pres5t /ate ( appe>ance are = v>i\s reasons n v well adapt$ nor desirable = cultivation1 p>ticul>ly ,corylus ro/rata1 a v sl[ gr[+ v>iety ) unusual small & h>d %ell$ nuts1 s small & h>d t ev5 ! rod5ts ( field & =e/ refuse to ga!r & eat !m4 ,! only value ,i c see 9 ?is v>iety is t x may prove to be a good poll5iz]4 ,corylus ,am]icana is a bett] gr[] ) nuts a little long] ?an ! prec$+ v>iety1 b a %ort life plant & !re=e n ev5 fit to use = /ock to graft on & %\ld nev] be us$ = t purpose4 ,!re is 9 fact by bo? v>ieties lots ( room = improvem5t1 :i* only c\ld be ga9$ ?r\gh sci5tific hybridization & :i* we hope w be realiz$ to a c]ta9 ext5t at lea/ 9 a comp>ative few ye>s4 ,x is true a few bett] v>ieties ( ! ,am]ican type l ! ,ru% hazel & "o or two o!rs h be5 discov]$ or produc$1 b ev5 !y d n favorably comp>e ) ! bett] ,european v>ieties & ! consequ5ces are3 ,if we want to gr[ hazel-nuts1 we are at ! pres5t "t & until su* "t has arriv$1 :5 ?r\gh sci5tific hybridization sub/antial improvem5ts ov] ! pres5t /ate & condition ( our native hazel-nuts has be5 ga9$1 actually compell$ to rely on "s ( ! ,european v>ieties1 compell$ to gr[ & cultivate a l>ge assortm5t1 f :i* to select ! prop] v>ieties = ! diff]5t sections ( our c\ntry4 ,i !re=e h *os5 z a title to my pap] ,! ,gr[+ ( ,improv$ ,european ,hazel-nuts 9 ,nurs]y & ,or*>ds 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york & o!r ,ea/]n & ,nor!a/]n ,/ates4 ,i h *os5 ?is title1 because x indicates t a nurs]y ( ,european hazel-plants is 9 exi/5ce & t or*>ds are plant$1 :i* is really equival5t ) gr[+ ( ,european hazel-nuts = comm]cial purposes1 o!rwise !re w\ld be no ne$ ( su* nurs]ies & no ne$ ( hazel-or*>ds4 ,i h allud$ to ?is v subject 9 an e>li] pap]1 b 0 at t "t n z conv9c$ ( ! f9al success z ,i am today4 ,we h s9ce n only exp]i5c$ a v sev]e & con/ant w9t] b a w9t] 9 a great _m ways r peculi> & unusual ) e>ly & heavy sn[fall1 :i* prev5t$ 9 "s sections ( ! ea/]n /ates ! freez+ ( ! gr\nd 9 spite ( ! bitt] cold4 ,we h s9ce se5 ano!r season ( buds & blossoms & balmy breezes pass+ away nev] to return & a season ( h>ve/+ our fruit is rapidly approa*+ its end1 b1 ladies & g5tlem51 dur+ ?is n[ vani%+ & = "s sections ( our c\ntry r peculi> season1 great opportunities 7 (f]$ ! close obs]v] to /udy & inve/igate ! diff]5t problems conc]n+ ! gr[+ ( ,european hazel-nuts 9 ! nor!a/]n /ates ( our c\ntry4 ,let u hope t n all ( ^! opportunities & *ances (f]$ u h pass$ unobs]v$1 b t "s ( ^? p]plex$ que/ions ( filb]t or hazel-nut gr[+ 9 ! ea/ h be5 solv$4 ,to me ?is pa/ season1 ?\gh some:at unusual1 0 v int]e/+ & above all v in/ructive to gr[]s ( hazel-nuts4 ,x is my op9ion t ! peculi>ity ( ?is season has wond]fully aid$ to solve _m ( ^? unansw]$ que/ions ab\t ! gr[+ ( ,european hazel-nuts = comm]cial purposes 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates4 ,?r\gh practical exp]i5ce & close obs]vation ?r\gh\t ! :ole season x c]ta9ly has conv9c$ me beyond ! slighte/ d\bt 9 my m9d t "s v>ieties ( ,european improv$ hazel-nuts prop]ly select$ = ! diff]5t /ates or p>ts ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates c be pr(itably gr[n = comm]cial purposes4 ,x w ( c\rse require "t & "w to f9d out ! "r & prop] v>ieties = ! diff]5t sections ( our c\ntry4 ,= ,we/]n ,new ,york ,i c\ld select eight or t5 v>ieties f my nurs]y t w\ld prove ,a ,no4 #a = t "p ( ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 probably a numb] ( ! same v>ieties w\ld d equally z well 9 p>ts ( adjac5t /ates1 b ( t we are n sure until actual plant+ has be5 done & ?or\ghly tri$ out4 ,! "q n[ is h[ & :]e c we obta9 ! necess>y v>ieties ( hazel-plants1 z ! importation ( mo/ k9ds ( nurs]y /ock1 includ+ all nutbe>+ trees f =eign c\ntries is at ! pres5t "t v mu* re/rict$1 practically prohibit$4 ,to my judgm5t !re is b "o way out ( ?is1 if we want to gr[ hazel-nuts ( =eign orig94 ,we are "u ! exi/+ circum/ances1 z /at$ be=e1 simply compell$ to gr[ our own plants4 ,& ?is is be+ done4 ,& to prove t x c be successfully done ,i w try to describe & demon/rate ! me?od ,i am us+ or employ+ 9 my nurs]y = propagat+ ! hazel- or filb]t-plants4 ,i /ill adh]e to lay]+ z ! be/ me?od ( propagat+ ! hazel1 l>ge numb]s c be produc$ 9 a comp>ative %ort "t1 if suffici5t /ock-plants are at h&2 & plants on _! own roots h _m advantages ov] graft$ or budd$ /ock1 z !re is no wild gr[? to combat )1 s deceiv+ & aggravat+ to ! p :o plant hazel-nuts & liable to *oke or kill ! gr[? or bud1 t ev5tually no?+ b ! wild /ock w rema94 ,! g5]al ass]tion or claim1 t graft$ or budd$ hazel-plants are m productive1 m prolific1 ?an plants on _! own roots does n hold good to all v>ieties1 z ,i h bo? graft$ plants1 z well z plants on _! own roots ( be>+ age & h s f> n be5 able to see any diff]5ce 9 be>+1 n[ 9 ! size ( ! fruit or nuts1 b w\ld l to h x /rictly und]/ood t ?is op9ion ( m9e1 ga9$ ?r\gh exp]i5ce & obs]vation 9 my nurs]y only %\ld n be tak5 z f9al1 z ,i only h a few graft$ v>ieties to wat* & to comp>e4 ,9 fact ,i h e reason to believe t graft$ hazel-plants ( "s v>ieties1 w be m prolific & be> m regul>1 b h _h s f> no pro( ( x1 b w d m graft+ ( o!r v>ieties to e/abli% ! fact m positive & report ! result lat]4 ,= ! buy+ public at ! pres5t "t1 plants rais$ f lay]s on _! own roots %\ld be pref]able & lay]+ z a me?od ( propagat+ ! hazel-plants resort$ to until ! g5]al public gets m & bett] acqua9t$ & famili> ) ! gr[+ ( hazel-plants4 ,! lay]+ ( hazel-plants 9 my nurs]y is done f import$ /ock or p>5t-plants plant$ on ord9>y f>m l& ?or\ghly work$ & well manur$ #ab feet ap>t ea* way4 ,two ye> old plants are select$ = su* plant+1 !y are all[$ to gr[ ab\t two seasons be=e we lay] !m1 :i* w\ld be ab\t 9 ! autumn ( ! second ye>1 at t "t !re %\ld be besides ! ord9>y gr[? ( ! orig9al plant1 "s f9e "y %oots gr[+ f ! root1 :i* c\ld be1 if g desir$1 lay]$ toge!r ) o!r bran*es ( ! plant1 b is n always advisable1 nei!r is x necess>y1 z ! plants select$ = p>5t /ock %\ld be well bran*$ & well able to furni% wood en\gh = ! fir/ lay]+ )\t ^? "o ye> old %oots4 ,i w n[ try to %[ to y1 z an illu/ration & at ! same "t try to expla9 ! reason :y !y %\ld n be lay]$1 simply because !y are !re4 ,x is all well & good to lay] !m1 if ! sc>city ( wood ( a *oice v>iety dem&s e bran* obta9able & !y w gr[ all "r1 b w nev] produce z nice a root z lay]s f a two ye> gr[?4 ,^! are ! "y s-call$ "o-ye>-old %oots ,i h ref]r$ to1 really j ?is season's gr[?1 p]fectly /raight )\t any lat]als4 ,n[ 9 lay]+ !m a little op5+ long en\gh = ! bran* & ab\t #c to #d in*es deep1 ! same z = lay]+ o!r bran*es %\ld be made 9 ! gr\nd & ! "y %oot or bran* c>efully b5t & plac$ 9 ! op5+ & well an*or$ or fa/5$ be=e ! gr\nd is fill$ 9 aga91 o!rwise our *angeable w9t]s may heave & loos5 !m1 we w !n at ! be/ ( x ev5tually gr[ b "o plant f ea* ( su* %oots & g5]ally poorly root$ at t1 t is a root r long & crook$ n v easy to plant & /ill h>d] to dig1 v mu* l ?is specim5 a lay]$ "o ye> old %oot1 j tak5 f a p>5t plant4 ,we _c improve mu* on ?is awkw>d root z x is impossible to %ort5 ! b5d 9 lay]+ !m1 b we c improve on !m1 if we all[ ! "o ye> %oot or gr[? ano!r season to gr[1 we w !n at ! end ( ! second season h an altoge!r diff]5t bran* be=e u1 a bran* 9 appe>ance ab\t l ! "o ,i h "h4 ,y w notice ! t]m9al bud ( ! la/ ye>'s gr[? has made a gr[? ( ab\t #ab to #ae in*es dur+ ?is second season1 besides t1 y w see f #d to #g f9e lat]als all ( !m includ+ ! gr[? f ! t]m9al bud fit = lay]+ & all ( !m w b5d easily & c be plac$ almo/ p]fectly /raight 9 ! gr\nd1 :i* w inv>iably insure f9] & bett] root$ plants & m ( !m1 ?an a "o ye> gr[? c produce1 z is %[n 9 ?is specim5 f a-two-ye>-old bran* ,i h br\ght ) me1 ?is demon/ration pla9ly %[s t !re is no?+ lo/ 9 wait+ two ye>s ) ! lay]+ ( "y bran*es1 z our rew>d w be m & bett] plants possibly a little small]1 b bett] gr[+ plants ?an ! long] lay]s f a "o-ye> gr[?1 besides t1 a bran* ) #d to #g lat]als c be lay]$ ab\t z quick1 z a "o-ye> gr[?1 z ! same op5+ 9 ! gr\nd made = "o lay] is fully suffici5t = #f or #g on a two-ye> old bran*4 ,all lay]$ bran*es or little %oots %\ld be cut back to ab\t #c-d eyes above ! gr\nd & rema9 9 ! gr\nd ab\t "o ye>1 ! e>? ar\nd ! p>5t plants & betwe5 ! lay]s mu/ be well work$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole season & if necess>y mul*$ ) half rott5 manure4 ,aft] ! lay]s are well root$1 !y %\ld be tak5 up1 cut ap>t & prop]ly trimm$ & plant$ 9 ! nurs]y r[1 :]e !y rema9 until l>ge en\gh = m>ket or or*>d plant+4 ,!re is b v little prun+ ( ! "y hazel-plants necess>y until !y are plant$ 9 ! or*>d4 ,i w !re=e n dwell on ! subject ( prun+ j n[1 b w leave ! propagat+ & gr[+ ( ! hazel or filb]t-plants 9 ! nurs]y & try to make a few rem>ks ab\t ! hazel or filb]t or*>d4 ,i %\ld p]haps h m5tion$ ! gr[+ ( se$l+s = /ock to graft or bud ^u be=e ,i beg9 my talk on ! hazel-or*>d1 b z !re is b v little to be said ab\t x1 ,i may z well ref] to x "r n[4 ,x is v difficult at ! pres5t "t to import ! ord9>y wild hazel 7,corylus avellana7 f ,europe = graft+ purposes4 ,we !re=e are oblig$ to raise our own /ock4 ,?is c well be done by s[+ ! se$ or nuts or by lay]+ ( ,european v>ieties1 we are 9 possession (4 ,i h among my import$ v>ieties sev]al ( :i* ! fruit or nuts are too small & n at all satisfactory = comm]cial purposes1 ^? v>ieties ,i am lay]+ ) t po9t 9 view to use !m = /ock to graft ^u only4 ,su* /ock c also easily be gr[n f se$ or nuts4 ,x has = me s f> n be5 necess>y to gr[ se$l+s1 z ,i _h /ock en\gh f lay]s to graft ^u1 b h f\nd any numb] ( se$l+s on my gr\nd f nuts dropp$ f ! plants & n ga!r$ or de/roy$ by mice or squirrels s ,i "k ! se$ or nuts w readily gr[4 ,nuts c be s[n 9 ! fall q successfully provid+ !y are safe f mice1 o!rwise !y %\ld be /ratifi$ & kept f freez+ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,i w leave ?is subject n[ & call att5tion to ! hazel or filb]t or*>d4 ,if ! plant+ ( su* an or*>d is plann$1 ! soil & location %\ld be well consid]$4 ,ord9>y f>m l& well work$ & fairly well manur$ & n too wet w answ] ! purpose1 provid+ x is an op5 piece ( l& well expos$ to sun & air1 z ! hazel-nut requires bo? & a good deal ( x 9 ord] to p]fectly mature its' fruit4 ,9 plant+ ! or*>d1 ?ree or f\r v>ieties %\ld be us$ on acc\nt ( bett] poll5ization & plants ab\t ?ree to f\r ye>s old plant$4 ,v>ieties t naturally gr[ m conical or pyramidal %ap$ c\ld be plant$ ab\t #ab feet ap>t ea* way1 b ! m spread+ v>ieties l ! ,lamb]ts & o!rs ,i w\ld advise to plant #ae feet ap>t ea* way1 z "p ( ! l& betwe5 ! r[s c well be utiliz$ = l[ gr[+ crops = sev]al ye>s to come & !reby prev5t ! wa/e ( l&4 ,x is n necess>y to plant an equal numb] ( ea* k9d1 if ?ree or f\r v>ieties are *os5 = ! or*>d1 we may select say two v prolific k9ds & add a few plants ( o!r v>ieties to mix 9 = poll5ization1 :i* w fully answ] ! purpose4 ,be=e go+ any fur!r ) my talk on hazel or filb]t or*>ds1 ,i %\ld emphatically recomm5d ! ?or\ghly work+ & prep>+ ( ! gr\nd1 z x is a v ess5tial "p ( ! op]ation & a necessity to ! f9al success4 ,x is a mi/ak5 idea t a hazel or*>d w take c>e ( itself1 ! gr\nd %\ld be well cultivat$ & kept free ( grass & we$s4 ,b>ny>d manure or o!r f]tiliz]s %\ld be resort$ to :5ev] ! gr\nd %[s a necessity !re(1 nei!r trees or fruit c be gr[n successfully on poor & exhau/$ soil4 ,all filb]ts or hazel plants are naturally incl9$ to produce a numb] ( suck]s or "y %oots gr[n f ! root1 !y %\ld be remov$ z soon z !y appe>1 x w /op :5 ! plants gr[ old]4 ,/&>d trees ) a %ort /em say #aj to #ae in*es %\ld be plant$ 9 ! or*>d1 if su* plants c\ld be _h4 ,x %\ld be our aim to try to gr[ & prune !m ) t po9t 9 view to raise su* plants1 z !y are !n easily tak5 c>e (4 ,?is actually br+s u to ! op]ation ( prun+ our hazel plants1 :i* is 9 e way q an important "p ( ! gr[+ ( hazel nuts4 ,at ! "t ( plant+ all plants %\ld be cut back1 ! same z is done to any %rub or tree :5 newly plant$1 b aft] t ! hazel be+ m a %rub ?an a tree %\ld be prun$ e ye> ) ! c5t] well kept op5 all ! "t1 all weak & unnecess>y wood or bran*es 9 ! middle ( ! plant %\ld n be cut back b entirely remov$1 also ! "y gr[? ( mo/ ( ! bran*es %\ld be remov$ to j bel[ ! t]m9al bud ( ! previ\s ye>s gr[?1 z ,i w %[ y on a bran* ,i h br\ght ) me4 ,if we w treat ! plants 9 our hazel or*>ds z h]e9 describ$ we %\ld n exp]i5ce any difficulty 9 rais+ a fairly good crop ( nuts1 if ! prop] v>ieties are select$4 ,insects h s f> n tr\bl$ 9 ! lea/1 a few t5t cat]pill>s appe>$ 9 its season1 b 7 soon de/roy$ by birds4 ,we %\ld n all[ our hazel plants to gr[ too tall1 #ab to #ae feet %\ld be ! maximum height1 aft] t ! tall gr[+ bran*es %\ld be greatly r$uc$1 or gradually remov$1 z !re is g5]ally "y gr[? en\gh to take _! places4 ,dur+ ! sev]e w9t] ( #aiai & '#bj mo/ all catk9s or /am9ate blossoms above ! sn[l9e 9 our nurs]y 7 froz51 also "p ( ! wood ( a few v>ieties 7 m or less froz51 ( :i* due notice has be5 tak54 ,!y w be closely obs]v$ dur+ ! com+ w9t]4 ,only a few ( ! /am9ate blossoms t 7 well cov]$ "u sn[ develop$ p]fectly & ! result 0 a v small crop ( nuts on mo/ ( ! v>ieties1 b all ! v>ieties _h "s1 ev5 ^? m or less froz5 plants4 ,x pla9ly %[s t b a v few catk9s are necess>y = poll5ization1 ev5 ov] a wide area4 ,!re w be failures caus$ by climatic or atmosph]ic di/urbances 9 our hazel or*>ds z well z 9 all o!r or*>ds :i* we _c control nor prev5t1 b t %\ld n disc\rage u z long z ! prospects ( fair crops are o!rwise all "r1 ! select+ ( v>ieties1 ! prop] prun+ ( our plants1 ! control ( insects & ! location ( our hazel or*>d is all 9 our p[] & %\ld1 if prop]ly ex]cis$1 almo/ gu>antee a fair crop & insure a fair pr(it f ea* acre s plant$1 provid+ ! prop] v>ieties are select$4 ,be=e com+ to a close ) my pap] x seems to me ju/ice is n q done to ! hazel proposition if ,i w\ld n m5tion ! beauty & pleasure !re(1 ! beautiful appe>ance ( an hazel or*>d & ! pleasure & enjoym5t x af=ds u1 n f a f9ancial po9t ( view only 9 ga!r+ ! nuts1 etc41 b f o!r s\rces z well4 ,no o!r or*>d w 9 a comp>atively %ort "t appe> m l a natural grove ?an ! hazel on acc\nt ( its *>act]i/ic compact gr[? & d5se foliage1 s attractive & invit+ to our song & o!r insectivor\s birds = hat*+ & re>+ _! "y1 ! con/ant w>bl+ ( ! diff]5t birds f e>ly spr+ until late 9 summ]1 ! build+ ( _! ne/s1 ! fe$+ ( ! "y1 all af=ds endless pleasure & enjoym5t to ! close obs]v]4 ,n[ ,octob] is "h1 quietness reigns 9 field & =e/1 also 9 ! hazel or*>ds birds are sil5t1 a numb] ( !m dep>t$ = w>m] climates1 o!rs ready to leave u1 butt]flies & o!r insects h disappe>$1 nuts h be5 ga!r$1 & ! leaves are fall+1 dea?1 decay+ & de/ruction seems to be dom9at+ all ar\nd u1 b our hazel or*>d1 ?\gh rem>kably *ang$1 /ill reta9s a c]ta9 "p ( its =m] beauty z ! little catk9s ! /am9ate blossoms n[ become m conspicu\s1 an ornam5t to any catk9 be>+ tree ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 & a pleasure to look ^u4 ,!re is no reason = disc\ragem5t1 nature is n dead1 only at re/1 :]e we see dea? & de/ruction1 nature 9 reality celebrates a new beg9n+4 ,! close exam9ation ( our hazel or*>d at ?is "t w fully conv9ce u t vegetation is /ill alive & active4 ,exam9e ! leafless limbs1 notice ! beautiful /am9ate blossoms1 notice back ( ! fall+ leaves ! life1 ! ?rifty little bud1 a sure & positive promise ( a com+ spr+ ) ! e>ly pi/illate hazel blossoms1 a great consolation & a great s\rce ( pleasure & enjoym5t to all4 ,:y n comb9e pr(it1 beauty & pleasure8 ,:y n plant a hazel or filb]t or*>d8 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i w\ld l to ask ,mr4 ,voll]ts5 if he has tri$ lay]+ ! two ye>s gr[? & root+ ! "o ye> bran*es !reon in/ead ( lay]+ ! "o ye> gr[?4 ,! "o ye> %oots w\ld no d\bt make l>g] plants at "o ye> b y get a l>g] numb] ( plants by lay]+ ! two ye>s gr[? & root+ ! bran*es4 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,i h f\nd t ^! small] plants w be bett] plants4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,:at ,ab\t root+ ^! & !n transplant+4 ,don't y suppose y ga9 by root+ ^? & transplant+ 9 a ye>4 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,if ^! 7 all ap>t ea* & e "o w\ld make a good plant4 ,i "k f exp]i5ce t !y w gr[ fa/] a great deal fa/] ?an ^! long roots4 ,!re is a plant t has be5 plant$ "o ye> f a lay]4 ,x is a "o ye> gr[?4 ,?is is a two-ye>4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,i w\ld l to ask ,mr4 ,voll]ts5 if ! soil makes a diff]5ce 9 ! way 9 :i* !y gr[4 ,t is if a s&y soil or a clay soil is bett] adapt$4 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,well ,i mu/ say if we _h s&y loam ! plant w\ld gr[ bett] & x is m easily work$4 ,too heavy a soil is n s good4 ,,pr(4 ,,close3 ,i w\ld l to ask ,mr4 ,voll]ts5 :at me?od ( graft+ he pref]s & j :5 he w\ld l to d x2 if he has any *oice ( "t & also ! me?od ( budd+ & ! me?od ( treat+ ! bud4 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,we really %\ld h ! common ,european v>iety to graft on4 ,?\gh ^! are a little small we d graft on !m & !y d gr[ well4 ,,pr(4 ,,close3 ,d y :ip graft or cleft graft8 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,ei!r way !y gr[ easily4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i w\ld l to make "o rem>k4 ,i h graft$ hazels us+ ! p>aff9e me?od f ,april until ,septemb]1 e mon? betwe5 ,april & ,septemb] & h _h !m gr[4 ,! ones ,i graft$ 9 ,septemb] 7 w9t] kill$ b up to ! six? ( ,septemb] we h _h !m pull ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i d n desire to be plac$ 9 ! bragg+ class b z a ,mi*ig&] sev]al ?+s h be5 br\ght to my notice v rec5tly t cause me to take pride 9 ,mi*igan4 ,z ,i l&$ 9 ! f9e c5tral /ation 9 ,wa%+ton x occurr$ to me t a s5ator f ,mi*igan1 ,james ,mc,millan1 _h caus$ ! old railroad /ations 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia to be clean$ out & ! f9e new depot e/abli%$ 9 place ( !m4 ,= 8 good "w "o ( ,wa%+ton's p>ks be>s 8 "n4 ,! plans = ! new ,union ,/ation 7 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 an eng9e] f ,mi*igan4 ,pass+ ! ,s5ate ,(fice build+ ,i realiz$ t ano!r ,mi*igan ,s5ator1 ,s5ator ,*>les ,e4 ,t[ns5d1 0 at ! head ( ! national road movem5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 be+ *airman ( ! ,committee on ,po/ ,(fices & ,po/ ,roads1 fully 9 accord ) ! tree plant+ plan t we h mapp$ out to be c>ri$ on on ! public highways ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,pick+ up ! program %[+ :at our "w might be at ?is conv5tion1 ,i f9d five ,mi*ig&]s not$ !reon1 a fair proportion ( ! program4 ,pick+ up ! morn+ pap]1 if y please1 y w f9d t ,mi*igan has be5 advanc$ 9 population beyond ! o!r /ates4 ,y w f9d t our city ( ,detroit has pass$ a numb] ( o!r great cities1 go+ f t5? place to f\r?1 becom+ "o ( ! f\r cities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) a million inhabitants4 ,s y see we h a prosp]\s /ate4 ,& we h good m5 9 ,mi*igan t h help$ to make x s4 ,go+ into a railroad /ation 9 a ,we/]n city )9 ! pa/ two or ?ree weeks ?is occurr$4 ,! morn+ pap] _h /at$ t ! c&idate ( a great political p>ty to ! presid5cy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 on a tra9 t _h be5 dit*$1 t ! eng9e] _h be5 sev]ely injur$ & a numb] ( o!rs on ! tra92 t ! di/+ui%$ c&idate himself _h be5 badly j>r$ & might possibly h be5 injur$4 ,an h\r or two aft] ?is fir/ report came f ?is accid5t ! news boys 7 call+ on ! /reets3 ,extra1 extra4 ,naturally we ?\ght x w\ld be a cont9uation ( news relative to ?is railroad accid5t & imm$iately ,i pur*as$ a pap]4 ,:at d y suppose its head+ 08 ,9 great type ?ree in*es high3 ,h5ry ,=d has r$uc$ ! price ( automobiles4 ,h5ry ,=d p]haps is ! be/ kn[n ,mi*igan citiz5 today & :5 we get ! riv] & h>bor appropriation t my good fri5d ,dr4 ,morris ref]r$ to n long ago y w see ! ,wa%+ton /eam]s go+ up ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv] & load+ at ! seaport ( ,detroit1 c>ry+ out ! products ( ,mi*igan1 we w hope ! c>goes ( nuts to :i* he ref]r$4 ,b next to ,h5ry ,=d ,i am sure t ! be/-kn[n citiz5 ( ,mi*igan today is ! next speak] ^u ! program4 ,he ne$s no introduction to y4 ,he is "o ( ! pione]s ( ?is movem5t & 9 my op9ion has done m ?an any o!r man 9 ?is day & age to promote heal?1 to promote good morals & to b5efit ! race 9 _m ways along ! l9es t he has *os54 ,i take great pleasure 9 pres5t+ ,dr4 ,kellogg ( ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*igan4 7,applause74 ,,dr4 ,,kellogg3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,ladies & g5tlem51 ,i fe> ,i _c qualify 9 all ( ! good ?+s :i* y\r *airman has said ab\t me4 ,i am glad to be f ,mi*igan4 ,i assure y ,i am greatly int]e/$ 9 ! "w ( ?is association4 ,i admire imm5sely ! p]sev]ance ( ! memb]s ( ?is association4 ,i am n to any ext5t a nut gr[] al?\gh ,i h nuts plant$ 9 my g>d5 & hope t my heirs w reap ! fruit ( my trees4 ,i w5t into ! bus9ess r too late4 ,i h be5 s busy all my life t ,i did n h "t to d "s ?+s4 ,b ,i am v greatly int]e/$ 9 increas+ ! consumption ( nuts4 ,i h be5 popul>iz+ ! idea ( nut consumption & mak+ x a /aple article ( food = almo/ fifty ye>s1 & ,i h be5 cont9ually fac$ ) ?is objection t if we get all ! p eat+ nuts !re w\ld n be en\gh nuts = !m to eat4 ,t is really ! situation4 ,!re is n mu* use to increase ! dem& = a ?+ unless we c supply ! dem&4 ,s ,i am v mu* int]e/$ 9 ! production ( nuts4 ,,nuts ,,ne$$ ,,z ,,supplem5t>y ,,foods ,,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,kellogg1 ,,battle ,,creek1 ,,mi*igan ,! nut is ! olde/ & be/ ( ,nature's products int5d$ z food = man4 ,! paleontologi/s tell u t e>ly man 0 a nut eat] z are ! gorilla1 ! orang-ou-tang1 & ! *impanzee1 8 mod]n prototypes4 ,elliot1 an em95t ,engli% an?ropologi/1 tells u 9 8 int]e/+ volume1 ,prehi/oric ,man1 t !re 0 n1 s f> z we are aw>e1 any c>nivor\s creature 9 ! ,eoc5e p]iod4 ,elliot also tells u t walnuts1 almonds & palm nuts 7 produc$ 9 great quantities 9 ! =e/s ( ! anci5t _w contemporane\sly ) ! lemur-monkey man1 :o _h !n made 8 appe>ance 9 :at is n[ nor!a/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 ! fir/ l& to rise out ( ! anci5t ocean4 ,f ! facts set =? by ,elliot %[+ t all ! high] mammals 7 orig9ally vegetable fe$]s1 z well z f 8 biological aff9ities ) ! an?ropoids ) :i* man =ms ! family ( primates1 x is evid5t t man is s con/itut$ t he may if he *ooses1 select 8 entire bill ( f>e f ! vegetable k+dom4 ,t ?is may be done successfully1 t is1 t a man may live on a diet1 no "p ( :i* is drawn f ! animal k+dom1 has be5 abundantly prov54 ,! exp]i5ce ( _m millions ( human be+s 9 ,india & o!r ,ori5tal c\ntries :o ab/a9 f ! use ( fle% on religi\s gr\nds1 & to :om c['s milk is almo/ a novelty1 is a practical demon/ration ( ! fact t ! vegetable k+dom is able to supply to human be+s ev]y?+ requir$ = complete nutrition4 ,x is true t "s ye>s ago ,slonak]1 ( ,lel& ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 9 an animal fe$+ exp]im5t 9 :i* "o gr\p ( rats 0 f$ a mix$ diet & ! o!r exclusively on food /uffs ( vegetable orig91 f\nd t 8 vegetable fe$+ rats1 al?\gh = a few weeks %[+ !mselves sup]ior to ! mix$ fe$]s lat] develop$ unmi/akable evid5ce ( malnutrition & physical inf]iority4 ,"s ye>s lat]1 h[ev]1 ,mc,collum ( ,johns ,hopk9s1 !n ( ,wiscons9 ,univ]sity1 demon/rat$ conclusively t by mak+ a prop] selection ( vegetable food/uffs1 rats may live & ?rive indef9itely on a diet :olly d]iv$ f ! vegetable k+dom4 ,9 connection ) ?is & o!r simil> exp]im5ts1 ,mc,collum made ! int]e/+ discov]y t :5 an animal's bill ( f>e is to be :olly drawn f ! products ( plant life x is necess>y1 9 ord] t ! animal %all be fully n\ri%$1 t all p>ts ( ! plant %\ld be eat54 ,8 exp]im5ts demon/rat$ t if animals are f$ ^u se$s1 alone !y und]go physical depreciation1 d n obta9 full gr[?1 are unable to reproduce or n\ri% _! k9d1 & ultimately p]i%4 ,9 l mann]1 roots are f\nd to be incapable ( br++ an animal to full developm5t & su/a9+ its life indef9itely4 ,x 0 f\nd t to be well n\ri%$ ! animal mu/ eat 9 suitable proportions1 v>iable )9 consid]able limits1 se$s or fruits & leaves4 ,! great importance ( ! gre5 leaf z a complem5t ( o!r foods has be5 cle>ly %[n4 ,exp]im5ts by ,mc,collum1 z well z ^? ( ,osborne1 ,m5del1 & num]\s o!r inve/igators 9 ! same l9e ( rese>*1 h made cle> sev]al new & highly important facts 9 ! physiology ( fe$+4 ,!y f9d t foods conta9 c]ta9 subtle elem5ts kn[n z vitam9es :i* are absolutely ess5tial to ! full developm5t & prolong$ life ( an animal4 ,^! elem5ts are n f\nd equally di/ribut$ 9 ! p>ts ( plants & animals4 ,9 se$s !y are f\nd *iefly 9 ! out] lay]s or envelope :i* is commonly reject$ z bran4 ,a c]ta9 vitam9e especially conc]n$ ) gr[? & developm5t1 ! fat soluble ,b1 is f\nd 9 ! gre5 leaf along ) lime & iron1 all ( :i* are defici5t 9 se$s4 ,roots especially supply an abundance ( alkal9e salts :i* are highly necess>y to balance up an excess ( m9]al acids f\nd 9 se$s4 ,ignorance respect+ ^! highly important facts has be5 responsible = a great numb] ( failures 9 attempts to adopt a non-fle% diet>y4 ,a diet consi/+ ( c]eals & fruits1 z = example a bread & fruit diet1 :ile app>5tly satisfactory = a brief p]iod1 mu/ inevitably result 9 failure because ( lack ( lime1 iron & special vitam9es f\nd 9 ! gre5 leaf4 ,! same defici5cy exi/s 9 fle% foods4 ,! s(t p>ts ( an animal1 fat & lean meat1 are almo/ :olly lack+ 9 lime & vitam9es4 ,!y conta9 a great excess ( m9]al acids4 ,ev5 a c>nivor\s animal f$ on su* a diet soon %[s evid5ce ( failure4 ,! lime 9 ! animal body is f\nd almo/ :olly 9 ! bones1 & ! vitam9es are conc5trat$ 9 ! liv] & o!r gl&s1 s t 9 ! case ( fle% foods1 z well z vegetable foods1 = complete nutrition x is necess>y t ! :ole animal or its ess5tial p>ts %\ld be eat54 ,wild c>nivor\s animals d ?is z d also wild m5 :o live l>gely ^u fle% foods4 ,! cave m5 cru%$ & ate ! bones ( ! animals ^u :i* !y f$1 & ! ,indian tribes ( ,texas & ! ,nor?we/ h long practic$ ! gr9d+ up ( ! bones ( fi%es to eat ) _! food4 ,dr4 ,treves1 "o ( ,london's mo/ em95t surgeons 0 call$ ^u by ! head keep] ( ! animals ( ! ,london ,zoological g>d5 = advice respect+ ! condition ( ! lions4 ,x 0 not$ t ! cubs br$ 9 captivity 7 club-foot$ & v>i\sly de=m$1 & 9 _m cases 7 ei!r born dead or surviv$ b a few weeks4 ,8 inve/igation %[$ t ! fault 0 :olly 9 ! diet4 ,! lions receiv$ only ! s(t p>ts1 lean & fat1 ( animals4 ,:5 giv5 bones & bone meal ! difficulty spe$ily disappe>$4 ,/efansson reports t1 :5 liv+ ^u an ,eskimo diet x is necess>y to take ! :ole bill ( f>e1 includ+ ! raw froz5 liv] ( ! seal1 o!rwise s]i\s illness int]v5es4 ,h9dh$e1 by arrang+ a diet>y bas$ ^u ^! pr9ciples1 has demon/rat$ t a man may be p]fectly su/a9$ on a diet :i* conta9s no animal product ( any sort4 ,9 a lett] receiv$ by ! writ] f ?is able ,dani% physiologi/1 ! /atem5t is made t a /rong labor+ man 0 ma9ta9$ = #bc mon?s 9 p]fect heal? & vigor on a diet into :i* no animal products ent]$4 ,ano!r important fact develop$ by ,rubn]1 ,m5del1 ,mc,collum & o!r inve/igators :i* is ( fundam5tal importance 9 animal nutrition1 is t prote9s diff] 9 _! value z tissue build]s4 ,prote9s diff] f ! />*es & fats 9 ! great complexity ( _! composition4 ,in/ead ( be+ simple comp\nds or mixtures ( a few simple comp\nds1 prote9s1 z f\nd 9 nature1 consi/ ( sev]al sorts ( highly complex molecules :i* v>y greatly 9 _! composition4 ,! prote9 molecule is made up ( a numb] ( organic units kn[n z am9o acids4 ,!re are #cj or #dj diff]5t k9ds ( am9o acids ( :i* less ?an #bj ent] into ! =mation ( ! prote9s ( ! human body4 ,^! #ah or #bj diff]5t am9o acids are absolutely ess5tial = ! =mation ( body prote9s1 & are produc$ by plants1 h5ce if !y are n f\nd 9 ! food ! body _c produce !m & ! mat]ial necess>y = tissue build+ or repair w be lack+4 ,prote9s :i* conta9 all ! am9o acids ess5tial = tissue build+ are kn[n z complete prote9s4 ,o!r prote9s1 lack+ 9 c]ta9 ess5tial con/itu5ts1 are designat$ z incomplete3 ,fle% foods necess>ily furni% complete prote9s4 ,! prote9s ( milk & eggs are also complete prote9s4 ,! prote9s met 9 ! vegetable _w are exce$+ly v>i$ 9 "*4 ,ea* species ( plant produces its own k9d ( prote9s4 ,vegetable prote9s diff] greatly among !mselves4 ,complete prote9s are comp>atively r>e4 ,! prote9s ( c]eals1 = example1 h be5 %[n to be defici5t 9 "s ( ! ess5tial am9o acids4 ,! defici5cy is /ill great] 9 ! prote9s ( beans4 ,9 fact1 ! prote9s ( vegetable foods 9 g5]al may be said to be defici5t4 ,! necessity = provid+ ! body ) complete prote9s 0 d\btless ! orig9al cause :i* l$ m5 "u circum/ances ( privation & em]g5cy to resort to ! use ( animal fle% = food4 ,! c[s ( ,nantucket1 ! ponies ( ,alaska1 & ,i h rec5tly be5 in=m$ by ,mr4 ,godd>d1 curator ( an?ropology 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ! rabbits ( nor!rn ,canada1 9 times ( great sc>city ( food1 also resort to ! eat+ ( fle%4 ,! necessity = complete prote9 to ma9ta9 physical fitness is s great t animals by nature ! f>!/ remov$ f ! c>nivor\s class resort to fle% eat+ :5 ?is is ! only s\rce ( ! ne$$ elem5t4 ,b :at be>+ has all ?is ^u ! dietetic use ( nuts8 ,! relation is v direct & v important4 ,! situation develop$ z a result ( ! ,_w ,w> made v cle> to ev]ybody h[ close ! _w has arriv$ to ! po9t :]e ! c>eful economiz+ ( our food res\rces w be absolutely necess>y4 ,! rapid increase ( ! _w's population :i* has occurr$1 especially )9 ! la/ two c5turies1 is a hew _w exp]i5ce4 ,two hundr$ ye>s ago ! av]age l5g? ( human life 0 less ?an #bj ye>s1 z x /ill is 9 ,mexico & "s o!r p>ts ( ! _w :]e ! life-sav+ influ5ce ( mod]n sanitation & heal? cons]vation h n _h an opportunity to ex]cise _! influ5ce4 ,9 =m] times great epidemics deva/at$ :ole cont95ts s frequ5tly t ! _w's population b>ely held its own f c5tury to c5tury4 ,9 _m in/ances :ole tribes 7 wip$ out4 ,su* cata/rophes are n[ almo/ unkn[n1 al?\gh we /ill h ) u ! plagues ( influ5za1 tub]culosis1 syphilis1 & pneumonia4 ,ev5 ^!1 h[ev]1 are be+ conqu]$1 s t _! de/ructive influ5ce is be+ /ay$4 ,at ! pres5t rate at :i* ! population ( ! _w is increas+1 ! "t is c]ta9ly n f> di/ant :5 x w be necess>y to utilize 9 ! mo/ economical mann] possible e acre ( soil capable ( produc+ food4 ,dur+ ! w> ! att5tion ( agriculturi/s 0 v =cibly call$ to ! enorm\s wa/e involv$ 9 our s-call$ animal indu/ry4 ,! fir/ measure ( food economy adopt$ 9 ,g]many at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> 0 ! slaught] ( a l>ge "p ( live/ock4 ,! same measure 0 adopt$ 9 ,sc&9avian c\ntries & 9 all p>ts ( c5tral ,europe4 ,?is 0 absolutely necess>y1 z ,lusk & num]\s o!r au?orities h %[n1 = ! reason t to produce "o p\nd ( wat]-free food 9 ! =m ( beef or mutton requires ! consumption m ?an #cj p\nds ( dige/ible food mat]ial4 ,! c[ is a mu* m economical means ( food trans=mation1 requir+ ! consumption ( only a little m ?an #e p\nds ( food = ea* p\nd produc$1 s t ! wa/e ( food 9 ! production ( milk is less ?an "o-fif? z mu* z 9 ! production ( meat4 ,?is has l$ ! food economi/s to recomm5d ! r$uc$ use ( meat & ! increas$ use ( milk z a s\rce ( ! complete prote9 requir$ = s\nd nutrition4 ,mc,collum & o!r au?orities1 includ+ repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 h )9 ! la/ f\r ye>s p]si/5tly urg$ ^u ! public ! importance ( us+ m milk & less meat1 & n simply z a matt] ( economy b z a matt] ( heal? z well1 = x has be5 %[n t ! prote9 ( milk is ev5 sup]ior to t ( meat4 ,x 0 f\nd1 inde$1 t by ! use ( a few ounces ( milk daily1 a p9t & a half1 9 connection ) a diet>y o!rwise consi/+ :olly ( foods d]iv$ f ! vegetable k+dom1 ! body w be amply suppli$ ) complete prote9s1 ! milk n only furni%+ prote9 ( a sup]ior "* b s]v+ also to supplem5t ! prote9s ( ! c]eals1 roots & o!r vegetable foods1 supply+ ! am9o-acids :i* !y lack s z to r5d] !m also available = tissue gr[? & recon/ruction4 ,?is discov]y respect+ ! important place :i* milk is capable ( fill+ 9 ! solution ( ! great & press+ problem ( human nutrition is a highly important "o1 & its value has l$ to v active ef=ts on ! "p ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture to enl>ge ! dairy int]e/s & increase ! milk production ( ! c\ntry z "o ( ! be/ means ( food economy :i* c\ld be adopt$4 ,b ev5 ?is is n a complete solution ( ! difficulty1 = ! keep+ ( mil* cattle involves /ill a v l>ge wa/e ( food mat]ial1 five p\nds be+ consum$ by ! c[ = ea* p\nd produc$4 ,! evid5t reason = ?is is ! fact t ! c[ requires ! l>ge "p ( ! foods %e eats = h] own use 9 ma9ta9+ heat production1 supply+ en]gy = ex]cise1 support+ ! "w ( ! he>t1 lungs1 dige/ive organs1 etc4 ,! food value ( ! milk produc$ repres5ts simply :at is left ov] aft] ! c[ has made use ( :at %e ne$s = h]self4 ,!re c be no d\bt t z meat production dim9i%es1 z x is c]ta9 to d1 milk production w likewise decrease4 ,!re is ev5 at ! pres5t "t a notable %ortage ( dairy products1 & ! av]age p] capita production w und\bt$ly cont9ue to decrease = ! same causes :i* inevitably lead to a less5$ meat production4 ,"s o!r s\rce = ! complete prote9s ne$$ to supplem5t ! incomplete prote9s ( c]eals & roots mu/ be provid$4 ,=tunately1 ,nature has suppli$ u ) ?is all-ess5tial food/uff 9 t *oice/ ( all our products1 ! nut4 ,?is is a vitally important fact :i* sometime w save ! race f prote9 />vation4 ,a /udy ( ! relative prote9 cont5t ( nuts1 milk1 & meat %[s t1 p\nd = p\nd1 ! almond1 bee* nut & walnut conta9 on an av]age z mu* prote9 z does meat & five times z mu* z is f\nd 9 milk1 & prote9 :i* f rat fe$+ exp]im5ts appe>s to be ( equal value4 ,! *e/nut1 ! *9quap91 ! filb]t1 ! hickory1 pecan & p9e nut conta9 on an av]age z mu* prote9 z is f\nd 9 fi%1 :ile ! butt]nut1 ! peanut & ! pignolia conta9 twice z mu* or #ej p] c5t m ?an is f\nd 9 ! be/ ( meat4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! numb] ( p9ts ( milk equal$ by "o p\nd ea* ( ! sev]al nuts m5tion$1 toge!r ) ! calory value ( ! nuts p] p\nd & ( ! am\nt ( milk conta9+ an equival5t am\nt ( prote9 & ! am\nt ( ea* k9d ( nuts ne$$ to supply supplem5t>y prote9s = "o day3 ,p9ts ( ,milk conta9+ z ,calories ,calories ,amt4 ne$$ mu* prote9 ,milk ,nuts = "o day z "o p\nd ,acorn #b4d #ghj #bfbj #h4c ,almond #f4a #bjhj #cjcj #c4b ,bee* nut #f4f #bade #cjge #c4j ,butt]nut #h4e #bgfb #cafe #b4d ,*e/nut #c4b #ajdj #ahgf #f4d ,*9quap9 #c4h #ajgb #ahjj #f4d ,filb]t or ,hazelnut #e4j #afbe #cbij #d4j ,hickory nut #d4f #adie #ccde #d4h ,pecan #c4f #aagj #cdee #e4f ,peanut #i4b #bjij #bfjj #b4b ,p9on #d4d #adcj #cbje #d4h ,engli% walnut #e4d #aeee #ccjj #c4g ,black walnut #h4e #bgfb #caje #b4d ,f animal fe$+ exp]im5ts x has be5 det]m9$ t ab\t #bj oz4 ( milk w furni% suffici5t complete prote9 to supplem5t a vegetable diet o!rwise defici5t 9 complete prote9s4 ,?is am\nt ( milk w supply "o-?ird to "o-half ! total daily prote9 requirem5t = ! av]age p]son4 ,nuts are s ri* 9 ^! preci\s prote9s1 practically id5tical ) ^? ( milk1 t ! prote9 f\nd 9 #bj ounces ( milk may be furni%$ by #b ounces ( peanuts1 #b-a_/b ounces ( butt]nuts1 #c ounces ( almonds or bee*nuts1 #d ounces ( ,engli% walnuts1 or filb]ts1 #e ounces ( p95uts 7p9ons7 or hickory nuts1 #e-a_/b ounces ( pecans1 #f-a_/b ounces ( *e/nuts or *9quap9s1 or half a p\nd ( acorns4 ,! nut is "o ( ! mo/ important & int]e/+ ( all food/uffs = ! reason t x pres5ts 9 conc5trat$ =m ! mo/ valuable & easily dige/ible ( prote9s4 ,x is = ?is reason t ! f>m]s ( ,nor!rn ,italy are able to ?rive on a diet ( :i* ! *e/nut is ! /aple4 ,= ! same reason #cjj1jjj ,pacific ,coa/ ,indians prosp]$ = c5turies on a diet consi/+ *iefly ( acorns & p95uts4 ,9 rec5t times1 "o ( ^! ,indians 0 kn[n to be liv+ at ! age ( ne>ly #adj ye>s1 & ! f>m]s ( ! ,we/ & ,s\? be=e !y _h de/roy$ ) axe & fire ! spl5did oak =e/s ( pione] days1 dep5d$ *iefly on ma/ to fatt5 _! hogs4 ,! acorn 0 _! *ief s\rce ( prote91 :i* is z necess>y = a hog z = a college pr(essor4 ,f ! /&po9t ( co/1 nuts1 ev5 at ! pres5t extraord9>y prices1 comp>e favorably ) milk z a s\rce ( prote91 because ( ! small quantity requir$ to furni% ! ne$$ supplem5t ( complete prote9s4 ,= example1 %ell$ almonds1 at a co/ ( #a4jj a p\nd 7retail7 supply = #ai4b c5ts ! same am\nt ( supplem5t>y prote9 furni%$ by milk at a co/ ( #bd c5ts4 ,black walnuts supply ! same am\nt = #ae c5ts1 p9e nuts 7p9ons7 = #bj c5ts1 hickory nuts #ae c5ts1 & peanuts #d c5ts4 ,! late ,dr4 ,au/9 ,fl9t m ?an fifty ye>s ago prep>$ f almonds a milk = use by c]ta9 classes ( pati5ts4 ,! writ]1 ab\t ?irty ye>s ago1 prep>$ f ! peanut & o!r nuts a prep>ation kn[n z malt$ nuts :i* mu* resembles malt$ milk 9 appe>ance & flavor1 & :i* has be5 successfully us$ 9 place ( milk by p]sons s5sitiz$ to c['s milk 9 hundr$s ( cases4 ,! prep>ation ( milk sub/itutes f vegetable s\rces is n a new idea4 ,:5 9 ,russia a few ye>s ago1 ,i f\nd on sale 9 delicatess5 %ops a pa/e prep>$ f honey & almonds :i* ) ! addition ( wat] made a v palatable emulsion mu* resembl+ milk 9 appe>ance z well z 9 flavor4 ,i h be5 in=m$ t ! natives ( ! ,philipp9es prep>e f ! lit*i nut a vegetable milk = fe$+ infants depriv$ ( _! natural n\ri%m5t4 ,^! natural products h ! advantage ov] ! infant foods ( comm]ce mo/ ( :i* are bett] fitt$ to de/roy ?an to pres]ve life4 ,!y are complete foods1 supply+ ! ess5tial vitam9es z well z o!r necess>y elem5ts4 ,! nut is n only ! mo/ conc5trat$ =m ( n\ri%m5t kn[n1 b1 contr>y to ! g5]al view1 is "o ( ! mo/ easily dige/ible4 ,! suppos$ indige/ibility ( ! nut is due to two ?+s1 eat+ :5 already satiat$ ) food2 t is1 tak+ ! nut z a surplus food1 & second1 neglect+ to ma/icate ! nuts ?or\ghly4 ,wat* a monkey eat+ nuts & see h[ ?or\ghly he ma/icates ea* p>ticle4 ,any p>ticle n well cru%$ & emulsifi$ is pass$ ?r\gh ! inte/9al canal undige/$ & ( c\rse unabsorb$4 ,b :5 cru%$ & conv]t$ into a smoo? cream1 ! nut is "o ( ! mo/ easily dige/ible ( all foods4 ,mo/ nuts consi/ almo/ exclusively ( two food pr9ciples1 prote9s & fats4 ,! prote9 is "o ( ! f9e/ sort & m easily dige/ible 9 ! raw /ate ?an is cook$ prote9 ( any k9d4 ,! fat is f9ely emulsifi$1 & ?us prep>$ = prompt dige/ion & absorption4 ,exp]im5ts on human subjects conduct$ at ! ,battle ,creek ,sanit>ius by an exp]t f ! laboratory ( ,yale ,univ]sity1 %[$ t ! prote9s ( nuts are z easily dige/$ & z fully utiliz$ z ! prote9s ( o!r food/uffs4 ,! peanut produces an av]age crop ( at lea/ #dj bu%els1 or #ijj p\nds ( %ell$ nuts to ! acre1 equival5t to #h1bhj p\nds ( c['s milk1 to produce :i* w\ld require #d4f acres4 ,a grove ( black walnuts1 #dj trees to ! acre1 produc+ "o hundr$ p\nds ( nuts to ! tree1 or "o ?\s& to ! acre1 w\ld af=d z mu* prote9 z #h1ejj p\nds ( milk1 to produce :i* w\ld require #e4c acres4 ,x is to be not$1 also1 t "o p\nd ( peanuts has a nutritive value ne>ly "o-?ird great] ?an t ( ! #i4b p9ts ( milk conta9+ an equival5t am\nt ( prote91 :ile ! calory cont5t ( ! "o p\nd ( nuts is m ?an t5 p] c5t great] ?an t ( ! milk furni%+ ! same am\nt ( prote94 ,9 ! case ( _m nuts ! disproportion is great]4 ,= example1 "o p\nd ( filb]ts has a food value d\ble t ( an am\nt ( milk conta9+ ! same am\nt ( prote94 ,! nut is evid5tly sup]ior to milk z a s\rce ( prote94 ,l milk1 nuts are ri* 9 lime1 d\btless due to ! high prote9 cont5t ) :i* ! lime is associat$ 9 vegetable products4 ,nuts1 l milk1 are defici5t 9 iron1 al?\gh 9 ?is respect !y are consid]ably sup]ior to milk4 ,h5ce :5 nuts are freely us$ z a s\rce ( prote9 c>e %\ld be tak5 to supplem5t !m by a lib]al quantity ( gre5s1 :i* are ri* 9 iron & lime z well z 9 ! fat soluble vitam9e :i* is also f\nd 9 abundance 9 milk b 9 :i* nuts are r defici5t4 ,x ?us appe>s t nuts1 because ( ! sup]ior quality ( _! prote91 may n only take ! place ( meat 9 ! diet>y1 b :5 prop]ly comb9$ ) o!r vegetable foods1 may to a l>ge ext5t1 at lea/1 take ! place ( milk4 ,9 ?is respect !y con/itute a unique class ( food/uffs4 ,! soy bean1 :i* l ! peanut is a legume r ?an a true nut1 resembles ! peanut 9 composition & l x af=ds a prote9 ( a quality s closely resembl+ t ( milk t a v excell5t milk has be5 prep>$ f x4 ,its prote9 is also complete 9 "* & may replace ! prote9 ( meat4 ,! soy bean has1 9 fact1 = _m ?\s&s ( ye>s be5 ! *ief s\rce ( complete prote9s = ! ,*9ese & ! ,japanese4 ,aside f ! soy bean & ! peanut1 nuts h no rivals 9 ! vegetable k+dom4 ,!y are real plant ari/ocrats1 ! value ( :i* w be m & m appreciat$ z sci5tific rese>* & practical dietetic exp]i5ce make cle> _! num]\s po9ts ( sup]iority4 ,! meat indu/ry & ! milk supply are s closely relat$ t bo? are influ5c$ by ! same causes4 ,bo? meat & milk are c]ta9 to become sc>c] & m co/ly4 ,& :ile x is mo/ desirable t milk %\ld cont9ue to con/itute a "p ( ! human bill ( f>e & t its use %\ld be enc\rag$ & if possible increas$1 x is c]ta9 vegetable sub/itutes = bo? meat & milk w be increas+ly 9 dem& z pa/ure l&s %r9k 9 area & ! _w's population & consequ5t dem& = food c]eals increase4 ,x is c]ta9ly greatly to be desir$ t su* ef=ts %\ld be put =w>d to conv9ce memb]s ( congress & ( /ate legislatures ( ! importance ( nut culture z w induce !m to in/itute effici5t measures = enc\rag+ ! wide spread culture ( nut trees & ?us make provision 9 "t = ! press+ ne$ ( ! sup]f9e mat]ial af=d$ by !m :i* com+ ye>s w c]ta9ly develop1 = x _c be d\bt$ t z ! e>?'s population increases & z ! sci5ce ( nutrition is p]fect$1 we %all return m & m to ! diet>y ( primitive man1 9 :i* nuts 7 ! *ief /aple1 ) fruits1 succul5t roots & t5d] %oots z supplem5t>y foods = bulk1 vitam9es & food salts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,secret>y-,,treasur]3 ,i h be5 ask$ to prep>e a pap] on ! ,propagat$ ,hickories4 ,i h pass$ ar\nd a pr9t$ slip giv+ ! results ( te/s ( "s hickory nuts :i* w be useful 9 connection ) ! pap]4 ,,propagat$ ,,hickories ,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby1 ,,baldw91 ,,nassau ,,co41 ,n1 ,y4 ,! title ( ?is pap] is a little mislead+4 ,9 ! nut conte/s ! ^w propagat$ is re/rict$ to ^? nuts :i* any nurs]yman li/s 9 8 catalog & ( :i* he is prep>$ to furni% graft$1 budd$ or o!rwise asexually multipli$ trees4 ,!re are few hickories :i* are propagat$ 9 ?is s5se & p]haps a bett] title w\ld be ,:at ,we ,"k ,ab\t ! ,hickories ,t ,are ,propagat$ ,exp]im5tally4 ,9 a pap] :i* ,dr4 ,morris is to deliv] he w tell u ab\t top work+ hickory trees4 ,?is is a matt] ( great int]e/ = top work+ exi/+ trees is ! me?od :i* at ! pres5t "t promises to be ! means ( gett+ our fir/ or*>ds ( f9e hickories 9 be>+ condition4 ,! e>lie/ in/ance ( :i* we "k any?+ ( graft$ hickories is t ( ! ,elliot hickory own$ by ! late ,:itney ,eliot1 ( ,nor? ,hav51 ,conn4 ,?is 0 aw>d$ a prize (f]$ by ! late ,a4 ,j4 ,coe (4 ,m]id5 ,conn41 = ! be/ hickory nut exhibit$ at ! ,decemb] meet+ ( ! ,connecticut ,agricultural ,society 9 #ahib4 ,accord+ to ! ,bullet9 ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture on ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,u4 ,s41 #ahif1 ?is 0 ! product ( a graft$ tree4 ,i h nev] se5 a specim5 ( ! nut al?\gh ,i und]/& t ! tree is /ill /&+4 ,i h be5 unable to get any def9ite in=mation z to :5 ! graft+ 0 done1 me?ods us$1 etc4 ,! next in/ance ( successful hickory graft+ & ! "o :i* is be/ kn[n is ! "w ( ! late ,h5ry ,hales ( ,ridgewood1 ,n4 ,j4 ,:5 he pur*as$ 8 place "s fifty ye>s ago1 he f\nd on x a f9e %agb>k hickory tree4 ,?is _h be5 /&+ long] ?an ! olde/ inhabitant c\ld rememb] & x is suppos$ to h be5 "o ( ! orig9al =e/ trees ( t section & sp>$ on acc\nt ( ! excell5t nuts x bore4 ,x came to ! att5tion ( ! late ,&rew ,s4 ,full]1 au?or ( ! ,nut ,culturi/ publi%$ 9 #ahif1 & 0 describ$ by him 9 #ahgj 9 ! ,rural ,new ,york]4 ,%ortly aft] ?is description1 ,mr4 ,hales receiv$ _m reque/s = scions to :i* he g5]\sly respond$ & any propagator :o ?\ght he c\ld propagate ?is hickory 0 giv5 a *ance to try1 ! conditions be+ t "o-half ( ! successfully graft$ trees %\ld belong to ,mr4 ,hales 9 paym5t = ! scions s5t4 ,dur+ ! next t5 ye>s ord]s = scions 7 s num]\s t ! old tree 0 kept pretty well prun$4 ,mr4 ,hales receiv$ dur+ ! p]iod only ab\t two doz5 trees f ! ?\s&s ( scions :i* he s5t out4 ,accord+ to ,full]'s ,nut ,culturi/ ^! 7 l>gely graft$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,trumpey ( ,flu%+1 ,n4 ,y41 n[ a "p ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,in=mation :i* ,i receiv$ at ! ,hales place 0 t ! trees gr[+ !re 7 graft$ by ,jackson ,dawson ( ! ,arnold ,arboretum ab\t #ahia4 ,inasmu* z !re appe> to be trees ( two diff]5t ages !re x is probable t "s trees 7 f "o propagator & "s f ! o!r4 ,! trees graft$ by ,jackson ,dawson we "k 7 on bitt]nut root & x seems likely t ! o!rs 7 also = "o tree is n l ! o!rs & ,i 0 in=m$ t t 0 a graft$ tree1 b ! graft di$ & a %oot came out at ! base ( ! graft :i* 0 ?\ght to be f ! graft b1 aft] ! tree _h gr[n x became evid5t t x 0 n4 ,! buds ( ?is tree %[ evid5ce ( ! bitt]nut4 ,! nuts1 h[ev] are n pure bitt]nut & ! tree is seem+ly a bitt]nut x %agb>k hybrid4 ,all ( ! trees graft$ by ,jackson ,dawson 7 b5* graft$ 9 ! gre5h\se on especially gr[n /ocks4 ,i h two trees on my place f ,?omas ,meehan ,sons1 ,g]mant[n1 ,pa41 propagat$ 9 ! same way &1 :5 receiv$1 ! long tap roots 7 coil$ up l spr+s %[+ t ! trees _h be5 gr[n 9 pots4 ,^! trees1 h[ev]1 h gr[n well s9ce ,i plant$ !m out ?\gh !y 7 v small & feeble :5 set out4 ,^! graft$ ,hales trees at ! ,hales place bore nuts 9 eighte5 to tw5ty ye>s aft] graft+4 ,!y bore = ab\t five ye>s & !n ceas$ be>+4 ,i w5t to see !m = ! reason t ,i 0 in=m$ by ,miss ,hales t ! trees 7 n look+ satisfactorily & %e 0 afraid !re 0 "s disease on !m4 ,i reque/$ ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture to all[ ,mr4 ,s4 ,m4 ,mc,murran1 :o has made a /udy ( pecan rosette1 to come & look at ! trees = x seem$ to me t !y 7 simil>ly affect$4 ,he took specim5s ( ! leaves & report$ t he c\ld f9d no evid5ce ( insect or fungus tr\ble4 ,he also made a c>eful exam9ation ( ! soil1 & ! f>m 0 gone ov] c>efully look+ at ! pecan & hickory trees gr[+ !re ( :i* !re are a l>ge numb]4 ,mo/ ( ^! did n seem to be 9 good condition al?\gh a few did4 ,te/s made ( ! soil seem$ to %[ t x 0 n ! k9d ( soil 9 :i* hickories & pecans d _! be/4 ,x 0 also asc]ta9$ t :ile ,mr4 ,hales s5ior 0 liv+ ! trees _h receiv$ an application ( manure e ye>4 ,s9ce 8 dea? !y h n4 ,?is1 9 connection ) ! poorness ( ! soil = hickories1 seems possible may be ! reason = ! cessation ( be>+4 ,x also seems likely t bitt]nut root is n a good /ock = ! %agb>k4 ,i h on my place two graft$ ,c$>apids trees1 ea* ( :i* :5 receiv$ 0 f\r ye>s f ! graft & f\r feet 9 height above ! graft4 ,"o 0 on bitt]nut /ock & "o on %agb>k4 ,! "o on %agb>k /ock _h made ab\t six in*es ! fir/ ye>1 a foot ! second ye>1 a foot & a half ! ?ird & two feet ! f\r? :ile 9 ! case ( ! "o on bitt]nut root ! gr[?s 7 rev]s$1 two feet ! fir/1 a foot & a half ! second ye>1 a foot ! ?ird ye> & six in*es ! f\r? ye>4 ,mr4 ,jones has also _h ! exp]i5ce ( graft+ ! ,ve/ hickory on ! bitt]nut1 _h x be> 9 two ye>s1 & !n die4 ,:ile ! evid5ce we h on ?is subject is n conclusive z !re may h be5 o!r factors :i* might h caus$ ! tr\ble outside ( ! /ock1 x %[s t ! /ock on :i* ! diff]5t hickories are to be graft$ is a matt] ( importance4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,hicks ( ,we/bury1 ,l4 ,i41 :o a numb] ( ye>s ago became en?usia/ic on ! ,hales hickory1 has f\r graft$ trees or ^? :i* he pur*as$ = graft$ on 8 place4 ,"o he has _h tw5ty-sev5 ye>s & x has n borne4 ,x has be5 twice transplant$4 ,he has two or ?ree o!rs :i* h n yet borne4 ,inasmu* z ! buds ( ^! trees are n all alike1 x is v evid5t t !y _c all nave be5 graft$ f ! orig9al ,hales tree4 ,! f9e/ look+ ,hales hickory ( :i* ,i "k is on ! place ( ,fr$]ick ,e4 ,willets1 ,gl5 ,cove1 ,l4 ,i4 ,mr4 ,willets c\ld n tell me h[ _m ye>s x _h be5 set out b x 0 q a good _m4 ,x be>s a few nuts b ! tree has be5 disappo9t+ 9 its p]=mance4 ,i exam9$ x dur+ ! pa/ summ] & ! nuts1 ( :i* !re 7 n _m on ! tree1 7 dropp+ (f4 ,x 0 evid5t t "s insect 0 attack+ ! husks :i* may acc\nt = ! r unsatisfactory be>+ record4 ,9 di/9ction f ?is r unsatisfactory record ( ,hales trees we h great promise ( some?+ wor? :ile 9 ! only o!r be>+ graft$ transplant$ hickory ( :i* ,i c give in=mation1 ,mr4 ,ru%'s ,weik] tree4 ,?is 0 produc$ by4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones :5 he 0 liv+ 9 ,monticello1 ,fla4 ,a s\!rn pecan nut 0 plant$ 9 #aijb4 ,x 0 root-graft$ bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd 9 #aijc1 s5t to ,mr4 ,ru% 9 ! spr+ ( #aijd & plant$ out at t "t4 ,mr4 ,jones says t ! tree 0 n ov] eight in*es high :5 s5t4 ,x bore its fir/ nuts 9 #aiag & has borne a few e ye> s9ce4 ,?is ye> ! tree set full & _h a good crop :5 ,i saw x la/4 ,! nuts borne by ?is tree are consid]ably l>g] ?an ^? ( ! p>5t ,weik] tree4 ,inasmu* z ! orig9al ,weik] tree has giv5 u our be/ hickory be>+ record1 x seems n unlikely t ?is graft$ ,weik] tree may also be an unusually good be>]4 ,aga9/ ?is sl[ record ( graft$ transplant$ hickory trees1 we h "s rem>kably quick results ) top work$ hickory trees4 ,mr4 ,jones has a bitt]nut tree n[ ab\t five in*es 9 diamet] :i* 0 top work$ 9 ! ,spr+ ( #aiaf to ,fairbanks v>iety1 t5 grafts be+ put 91 two ( :i* blew out t summ] or fall & 7 replac$ ! next spr+4 ,9 #aiai all ! grafts1 ! two ye> ones z well z ! ?ree ye> ones bore nuts1 ab\t #abj matur+4 ,! tree set full ( nuts 9 #aibj1 b cat]pill]s got on x1 unnot$1 & practically ! entire crop dropp$ (f4 ,mr4 ,jones also has a small] bitt]nut tree top work$ at ! same "t to ,si]s4 ,x bore two nuts 9 #aiai4 ,he also has a mock]nut tree top work$ at ! same "t ) ,kirtl& & :i* set "s nuts 9 #aiai b :i* dropp$ (f be=e maturity4 ,x set q a numb] 9 #aibj4 ,mr4 ,d4 ,c4 ,snyd]1 ,c5t] ,po9t1 ,i[a1 has a %agb>k hickory "s tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s old :i* 0 top work$ %ortly aft] x _h begun to be>4 ,9 #aiac ! f\r top limbs 7 top work$ to ,fairbanks hickory1 ! re/ ( ! tree be+ undi/urb$4 ,9 #aiae ^! grafts bore nuts & h borne e ye> s9ce4 ,9 #aiai !y bore two qu>ts4 ,inasmu* z ?is 0 a ye> :5 ! hickory crop 9 t section 0 a failure x 0 ?\ght to speak well = ! be>+ ( ! ,fairbanks hickory4 ,9 #aiaf f\r grafts ( ,d5nis hickory 7 put 9 & ?ree ( ,c$> ,rapids4 ,! ,d5nis grafts bore f\r nuts 9 #aiah & ov] a doz5 9 #aiai4 ,! ,c$>apids bore "o doz5 9 #aiai besides a numb] m :i* a squirrel got be=e ,mr4 ,snyd] did4 ,mr4 ,william ,a4 ,bak] ( ,wolcott1 ,n4 ,y41 top work$ a bitt]nut tree to ,fairbanks 9 #aiag & ! tree bore t5 nuts 9 #aiai4 ,mr4 ,h>vey ,losee1 ,upp] ,r$ ,hook1 ,n4 ,y41 graft$ ! "y %oots ( cut back hickories & out ( ?ree %oots s graft$ _h !m be> 9 ?ree1 f\r & five ye>s respectively4 ,dr4 ,morris has graft$ a ,taylor hickory on a small tree :i* bore five ye>s aft] graft+4 ,dr4 ,dem+ on 8 place at ,georget[n1 ,conn41 has probably a great] collection ( top work$ hickories ( v>i\s v>ieties ?an anybody else4 ,^! trees are gr[+ f9ely & give promise ( be>+ e>ly4 ,a ,taylor hickory on /ock #a-a_/d diamet] graft$1 ,april #bf1 #aiah _h t5 nuts on x on ,june #bg1 #aibj4 ,a ,griff9 hickory graft$ 9 #aiae :i* is n[ #b-a_/b 9 diamet] _h #ha nuts on x on ! same date4 ,!re seems to be no "q b t anyone :o has l& ) hickory trees "o to f\r in*es 9 diamet] c easily & quickly *ange !m into or*>ds ( hickories be>+ f9e nuts by top work+4 ,we next come to ! relative m]it ( ! v>i\s hickories ( :i* we "k4 ,i 0 =tunate 9 secur+ = ! #aiai conte/ en\gh specim5s ( ! great] portion ( ^? hickories :i* h be5 propagat$ exp]im5tally to a consid]able ext5t s t "s in=mation on ?is po9t c be giv54 ,! pr9t$ slip :i* ,i w pass ar\nd gives ! results ( ^! te/s & w give a bett] idea ( ! diff]5t nuts ?an c be done 9 any way except by pass+ ar\nd samples4 ,x w be not$ f ! slip t ! nuts run v close inde$ & x is v probable t ano!r ye> ^! nuts w\ld n %[ exactly ! same results = x has be5 cle>ly %[n t nuts v>y greatly f ye> to ye>4 ,!re are o!r *>act]i/ics ( hickory nuts :i* are ( great importance :i* are n %[n 9 ! annual conte/s4 ,^! are ! be>+ records ( ! tree1 its ability to /& v>i\s diseases & mo/ ( all h[ x w "w out :5 gr[n 9 or*>d =m4 ,?is c only be told by exp]i5ce4 ,f ! fact t1 9 ! #aiai conte/1 ( ! t5 v>ieties ( ! exp]im5tally propagat$ hickories !re 0 only a diff]5ce ( five po9ts betwe5 ! highe/ & ! l[e/1 x %[s t ! m]it ( ea* nut is suffici5t s t all ( ^! %\ld be te/$ out 9 or*>d =m4 ,9 o!r words we %\ld n = example select ! ,ve/ & ,manahan z ! be/ t we h & propagate !m to ! exclusion ( ! o!rs4 ,x is probable t !re w be great diff]5ces 9 ! or*>d behavior ( ^! v>i\s hickories %[n z ?is is done & t !n we %all be able to select ! mo/ desirable v>ieties4 ,"s te/s made rec5tly on n9e /&>d s\!rn pecans ! ,s*ley1 ,burkett1 ,moore1 ,alley1 ,delmas1 ,moneymak]1 ,pab/1 ,/u>t & ,v&eman %[ a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! highe/ & l[e/ 9 ! numb] ( po9ts aw>d$1 ?is diff]5ce be+ #aj po9ts z aga9/ #e 9 ! ca/ ( ! hickories4 ,! ,hat* bitt]nut & ,/anley %ellb>k not$ on ?is slip are "h n because x is believ$ t1 z m>ket nuts1 !y w comp>e ) ! fir/ t5 m5tion$ b because !y are ! be/ nuts we n[ h :i* are n %agb>ks or ( :i* ! %agb>k is n "o p>5t4 ,x is believ$ t ^? nuts w be valuable = hybridiz+ purposes4 ,!re is "o matt] sugge/$ by ! slip on :i* ,i w t\* al?\gh x is n prop]ly )9 ! scope ( ! subject set = ?is pap] & t is ! possibilities ( hickory bre$+4 ,( ! t5 hickories not$ on ! slip z receiv+ #gj to #ge po9ts1 f\r1 x is agre$1 are hybrids4 ,! exam9ation :i* ,i h made ( ! o!rs leads me to believe t m ( !m are1 b f\r out ( t5 ) ! possibility ( m is suffici5t to cause u to take notice4 ,!re are "s n9e hickory species native 9 ! nor? ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates & !y hybridize to a consid]able ext5t4 ,"s ( ^! species %[ mo/ rem>kable diff]5ces 9 *>act]i/ics4 ,! %agb>k is unexcell$ = quality ( k]nel4 ,! %ellb>k be>s nuts z l>ge z ! l>ge/ black walnut4 ,! bitt]nut be>s nuts ) a ?9n] %ell ?an any ( ! f9e/ s\!rn pecans & ) a l>g] proportion ( k]nel4 ,:at we "k ab\t practical plant hybridization leads u to believe t we c comb9e ! good qualities ( ^! v>i\s species ( hickories4 ,?9k ( :at x w\ld mean to h hickories equal 9 quality ( k]nel to ! be/ %agb>k1 ( ! size ( ! l>ge/ black walnut ) a %ell ?9n] ?an ! ?9ne/ %ell$ pecan we h ev5 se51 & ) a l>g] proportion ( k]nel4 ,:ile ! hickory is ! nut :i* has giv5 z ! mo/ tr\ble 9 propagation & gives u ! mo/ tr\ble 9 transplant+ & gr[s ! sl[e/1 x is c]ta9ly difficult to f9d "o :i* gives m promise ei!r 9 gr[+ ! f9e hickories we n[ h or 9 bre$+ up bett] ones4 ,i am conv9c$ t z soon z we c furni% ! f9e hickories we n[ h 9 comm]cial quantities !y w comm& prices equal to ^? paid = ! f9e/ pecans4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i w call ^u ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ( ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania1 :o has ! subject ( ,select+ & ,h&l+ ,scions4 ,,select+ ,,& ,,h&l+ ,,scions ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones1 ,,nut ,,speciali/1 ,,lanca/]1 ,,p5nsylvania ,9 ! selection ( scions ( nut trees = graft+ ! propagator %\ld keep 9 m9d ! fact t ! wood select$ mu/ be full ( vitality & mu/ be ( solid1 well matur$ gr[?1 t w /& ! maximum am\nt ( exposure & h>d%ip aft] be+ graft$1 z ! grafts & /ocks ( nut trees call\s or heal v sl[ly 9 comp>ison to fruit trees1 & ! scions mu/ be ( solid1 well matur$ gr[? if good results are to be obta9$4 ,^! requirem5ts usually g toge!r h[ev] & if we select scions ( solid1 well matur$ gr[?1 we usually get scions 9 :i* ! tree has /or$ ! maximum am\nt ( />* or vitality4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,judge ,,scions ,! exp]i5c$ propagator ( nut trees c quickly di/+ui% betwe5 good & poor scions = graft+1 b ! beg9n]1 n kn[+ ! e> m>ks ( good scions1 (t5 fails to select ! be/ scions = graft+4 ,! common mi/ake made by ! beg9n] 9 ! selection ( scions ( nut trees1 is 9 select+ ! small] gr[?4 ,! small] gr[? is usually m pi?y & lack+ 9 vitality & gives poor results 9 graft+4 ,poor scions are usually *>act]iz$ by pi?y wood & a light color$1 ?9 b>k4 ,! buds are usually f>!r ap>t ?an !y are on good scion wood1 ?\gh ?is is n always true1 z good scions sometimes h ! buds set well ap>t1 except ne> ! t]m9als4 ,! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( good scions are solid1 well matur$ gr[?1 & a ?ick1 d>k color$ b>k4 ,! buds are also l>g] & usually set clos] toge!r4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,cut ,,scions ,scions mu/ be cut :ile ! tree is /ill dormant &1 9 ! case ( trees t ! w\nds ble$ :5 ! tree is cut1 z d ! ,engli% & ,japan walnuts1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 we mu/ gu>d aga9/ cutt+ scions soon aft] sev]e freez+ wea!r & be=e ! tree has fully recup]at$4 ,?is semi-sappy condition ( ! trees foll[+ l[ temp]atures t freeze ! wood1 seems to be a provision ( nature to re/ore ! moi/ure or sap lo/ f evaporation1 & al?\gh m noticeable 9 "s species ( trees1 notably ! ,engli% walnut1 ?is condition und\bt$ly exi/s 9 o!r species ( trees to a great] or less ext5t & we always try to avoid cutt+ scions ( any k9d soon aft] h>d1 freez+ wea!r4 ,i h f\nd scions ( ! ,engli% & ,japan walnuts1 cut f trees 9 ?is condition1 to be practically wor?less = propagation1 al?\gh ! scions may h be5 cut 9 late w9t]1 long be=e ! sap gets up 9 ! tree1 naturally4 ,,h&l+ ,,& ,,keep+ ,,scions ,scions ( nut trees = graft+ %\ld be h&l$ c>efully to avoid rubb+ (f ! buds1 al?\gh ?is is n s important ) nut trees z ) fruit trees1 = ! reason t ! m important nut trees su* z ! v>i\s walnuts1 pecan & hickories h comp\nd buds & if ! l>g] buds %\ld be de/roy$ ! second>y buds may be c\nt$ ^u to gr[4 ,! scions %\ld be ti$ 9 bun*es ( a conv5i5t size to h&le &1 aft] be+ well ti$ & c>efully label$1 %\ld be pack$ 9 pap] l9$ boxes t w prev5t evaporation ( moi/ure 9 ! p>k+ mat]ial4 ,any mat]ial t w absorb & hold moi/ure & t w n heat :5 bulk$1 w answ] ! purpose = pack+ scions1 b we h f\nd sphagnum moss to be ! be/ mat]ial = ?is purpose4 ,?is mat]ial c be obta9$ f ! local flori/s or deal]s 9 cut fl[]s usually4 ,sphagnum w absorb a good deal ( moi/ure )\t actually becom+ wet & w also hold ?is moi/ure & give x (f m sl[ly ?an any o!r pack+ mat]ial ) :i* ,i am famili>4 ,?is is especially important 9 keep+ scions ( nut trees 9 good condition = graft+1 because1 if pack$ too damp1 ! scions are soon spoil$ = graft+1 ev5 if kept at a l[ temp]ature4 ,z a precaution aga9/ fungi1 we usually use bordeaux mixture1 two ?irds /&>d /r5g?1 to damp5 moss = pack+ scions1 especially if !y are to rema9 9 /orage sev]al mon?s4 ,our rule is to use moss only slightly damp to ! t\* & if us$ 9 suffici5t quantity1 say two or ?ree times z mu* bulk z we h ( scions1 we f9d no tr\ble 9 keep+ scions 9 p]fect condition = mon?s4 ,9 fact1 z an exp]im5t1 we h c>ri$ pecan scions 9 cold /orage & )\t re-pack+ = fifte5 mon?s & !n get a fair /& ( grafts to gr[4 ,we usually advise putt+ scions 9 cold /orage :]e conv5i5t1 especially if !y are = use 9 late ,may or ,june1 b ?is is n at all necess>y if ! scions are pack$ 9 moss only slightly damp4 ,9 fact scions kept 9 an ord9>y cell> at a temp]ature ar\nd #ej degrees h giv5 u bett] results on ! av]age ! pa/ two ye>s ?an h ^? f cold /orage4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! association adj\rn$ until #b p4 m4 ,,aft]noon ,,session1 ,,friday1 ,,octob] #h1 #aibj1 #b ,p4 ,m4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,we v =tunately h ) u a g5tleman f ! ,bureau ( ,entomology1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,e4 ,brooks1 :o w talk to u ab\t nut insects = a "t & we w be v glad to li/5 to him4 ,,mr4 ,,brooks3 ,i believe y\r program is full = ?is aft]noon & ,i %all keep y b a few m9utes4 ,a little m ?an a ye> ago ! problem ( insects affect+ ! nut crop ( ,nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates 0 assign$ to me by ! ,bureau ( ,entomology4 ,i wi% to say ! "w has be5 v delightful to me f sev]al /&po9ts4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x has br\ght me into association ) a delightful gr\p ( work]s4 ,i want to express to y ! pleasure ,i h _h 9 meet+ ! v>i\s nut gr[]s ( ! nor!rn "p ( ?is c\ntry & not+ ! he>ty way 9 :i* !y are ready to co-op]ate 9 solv+ ! nut insect problems4 ,! field ( "w is int]e/+ because !re appe> to be 9 sight no insect pe/s t promise to emb>rass or ov]:elm ! nut gr[]4 ,we h a few q s]i\s insect problems1 p]haps none m s]i\s ?an t occasion$ by our old acqua9tance1 ! *e/nut worm4 ,t problem1 h[ev]1 is be+ solv$ rapidly 9 _m localities by ! *e/nut blight4 ,?us f> 9 ! "w1 ,i h devot$ mo/ ( my "t to a /udy ( ! species attack+ ! fruit ( nut trees1 & ,i may m5tion ?ree gr\ps t h be5 giv5 special consid]ation4 ,fir/1 ! gr\p to :i* ! *e/nut worm1 or *e/nut weevil1 belongs4 ,!re are two v simil> species ( ^! weevils :i* attack *e/nuts1 "o :i* attacks hickory nuts & pecans1 "o :i* attacks hazel nuts & num]\s species :i* attack acorns4 ,! adults ( ^! weevils are m$ium-siz$ beetles1 yell[1 br[n or gray 9 color1 & all h enorm\sly long sn\ts4 ,! m\? is locat$ at ! po9t ( ! sn\t & ! beetles use ^! sn\ts to bore ?r\gh ! cov]+ ( ! nuts aft] ! k]nel is p>tially or fully =m$4 ,:5 ! puncture into ! nut is complet$ "o or m eggs are ins]t$ by means ( an ext5sile1 ?read-l tube1 or ovipositor1 ( ! same l5g? z ! sn\t4 ,! eggs hat* into ! famili> worms f\nd 9 ripe *e/nuts1 hickory-nuts & hazel nuts4 ,! l>ge hole 9 ! %ell ( ! nut is made by ! full gr[n worm z x escapes to ent] ! gr\nd1 :]e x completes its trans=mation into a beetle4 ,an int]e/+ ?+ 9 connection ) ^! weevils is t ea* species conf9e its attacks to "o p>ticul> k9d ( nut4 ,ev5 ^? species t attack acorns %[ a decid$ t5d5cy to di/+ui% betwe5 oak species & conf9e !mselves z gr\ps v l>gely to p>ticul> species or botanical gr\ps ( oaks4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no dang] t any ( ^! weevils w multiply1 = example 9 an oak =e/1 & !n migrate into ne>by plantations ( *e/nut1 hickory or hazel4 ,hazels might be us$ = int]plant+ among *e/nut or hickory trees ) no dang] t ! hazel nuts w\ld become infe/$ by ! weevils t develop 9 ! *e/nuts or hickory nuts4 ,?is habit ( ! weevils is greatly to ! advantage ( ! p]son :o w\ld plant a p>ticul> k9d ( nut outside its natural range1 or at a consid]able di/ance f any o!r trees ( its k9d4 ,he c\ld d s ) reasonable assurance t ! weevil attack+ 8 species ( nut w\ld n occur ^u 8 trees until br\ght into ! locality by artificial means4 ,!re is ano!r gr\p ( weevils1 ne>ly relat$ to ! common plum curculio1 ! species ( :i* attack immature nuts4 ,9 ?is gr\p ! sn\t is mu* %ort] ?an 9 ! gr\p j describ$1 & ! insects are consid]ably small]4 ,!re is "o species1 ,conotra*elus jugl&is1 t conf9es its attacks to ! "y fruits & %oots ( walnuts ( ! butt]nut gr\p1 ano!r1 ,conotra*elus ret5tus1 t seems to attack exclusively ! black walnut fruits f ! "t !y set until !y are half gr[n1 /ill ano!r1 ,conotra*elus aff9is1 t appe>s to attack only half-gr[n hickory nuts4 ,ano!r species1 ,conotra*elus aratus1 fe$s abundantly 9 "s localities )9 ! leaf petioles ( hickory4 ,at lea/ two o!r species ( ! gr\p commonly attack acorns4 ,^? injur+ walnuts lay _! eggs on ! concave side ( cresc5t-%ap$ punctures :i* !y eat 9 ! husks ( ! "y nuts4 ,! l>vae develop+ f ! eggs cause ! nuts to drop )9 a few weeks & ! l>vae ent] ! gr\nd to complete _! trans=mation4 ,!re is a divid$ t5d5cy ) "s ( ^! species to attack ! "y wood & leaf /ems ( ! introduc$ species ( walnut4 ,dr4 ,morris /ates t he has _h "y ,japanese walnut trees kill$ by ,c4 jugl&is fe$+ 9 ! grub /age )9 ! bran*es4 ,he has1 h[ev]1 f\nd t ! pe/ succumbs to an ars5ate ( lead spray4 ,species ( ?is gr\p are apt to h alt]nat+ p]iods ( increase & decrease & a ye> ( great abundance may be foll[$ by a ye> ( comp>ative sc>city4 ,?is v>iation is due1 at lea/ 9 "p1 to ! fact t ! l>vae1 z !y fe$ )9 ! tissues ( _! ho/ plants1 (t5 become r heavily p>asitiz$ by c]ta9 two-w+$ & f\r-w+$ flies1 ! p>asitiz$ l>vae dy+ be=e !y rea* ! adult /age4 ,nature 9 ?is way does consid]able t[>d hold+ ! pe/s 9 *eck1 b artificial means ( control w (t5 ne$ to be consid]$4 ,! ?ird gr\p ref]r$ to is repres5t$ by a two-w+$ fly1 ab\t ! size ( ! common h\se fly1 kn[n te*nically z ,rhagoletis suavis1 & commonly z ! walnut husk-maggot4 ,! fly is light br[n 9 color1 ) broad1 irregul>1 d>k br[n b&s on ! w+s4 ,x appe>s :5 walnuts are ne>ly gr[n & deposits clu/]s ( small1 :ite eggs )9 punctures 9 ! husks4 ,maggots hat* f ! eggs & at ! "t ! walnuts drop ^! maggots are (t5 f\nd conv]t+ ! inn] p>ts ( ! husk into a black5$1 pulpy mass4 ,infe/$ nuts are disagreeable to h&le & ! husk does n "p readily f ! %ell4 ,i h f\nd ! fly attack+ black walnuts1 butt]nuts1 ,p]sian walnuts & ,japanese walnuts1 )9 ! /ates ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 ,new ,york1 ,connecticut & ,massa*usetts4 ,x probably occurs ov] ! natural range ( ! black walnut & butt]nut4 ,x is prov+ to be a r s]i\s pe/1 especially ( ! ,p]sian walnut4 ,"s ( ! infe/$ walnuts appe> to drop prematurely & o!rs adh]e to ! bran*es beyond ! regul> h>ve/ "t4 ,! %ell ( infe/$ ,p]sian walnuts p>ts poorly f ! husk & ! nut is discolor$1 soil$ & unm>ketable4 ,! fly has r int]e/+ habits4 ,i f\nd t by prick+ a ne>ly mature black walnut ) a p91 ! w\nds w\ld almo/ inv>iably be us$ 9 a little :ile by ! female flies = deposit+ _! eggs4 ,9 "o su* w\nd1 #ahj eggs 7 laid )9 #bd h\rs4 ,:5 ! husk 0 prick$ a slight fl[ ( juice w\ld take place & ! male flies w\ld soon f9d ! spot1 &1 recogniz+1 ,i suppose1 a suitable place = ! females to come to oviposit1 !y w\ld /& gu>d at ! puncture await+ ! com+ ( ! female4 ,on "o occasion ,i made m9ute punctures 9 ! husk ( eight black walnuts & 9 a little :ile a male fly 0 locat$ at ea* puncture4 ,pair+ took place usually z soon z ! female came & began to lay eggs4 ,sometimes a male w\ld be f\nd at a puncture 9 ! e>ly morn+ & w\ld hold its position aga9/ all com+ males ?r\gh\t ! entire day4 ,:5 ano!r male w\ld come to ! nut ! two flies w\ld re> up fac+ ea* o!r & engage 9 a brief sp>r+ b\t ) _! front legs4 ,usually1 ! orig9al occupant ( ! nut w\ld be ! victor4 ,9 "s exp]im5tal spray+ ( ,p]sian walnut trees 9 ,m>yl& & ,p5nsylvania ! pa/ season ) a sweet5$ ars5ate ( lead spray app>5tly good results 7 obta9$4 ,9 "o case x seem$ t ! spray+ 0 ab\t #ge p] c5t effici5t 9 controll+ ! pe/4 ,9 9 ano!r case1 :]eas la/ ye> #ge nuts 9 #ajj 7 infe/$1 ?is ye>1 aft] spray+ only f\r nuts 9 #ajj conta9$ ! maggots at h>ve/ "t4 ,i desire to /ate to ! nut gr[]s t ,i am int]e/$ 9 any nut insect problems t y may enc\nt] & %all always be glad to receive reports & specim5s4 ,y\r co-op]ation 9 ?is "w is greatly appreciat$ & ,i hope we may cont9ue to "w toge!r & t be=e long we may h m def9ite k ( ! means ( prev5t+1 to "s ext5t at lea/1 ! v>i\s =ms ( injury by insects to ! nut crop4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,ru%3 ,i _c help b express a ^w ( gratitude & appreciation to my fri5d ,mr4 ,brooks 9 help+ me out ( a s]i\s difficulty t ,i _h 9 connection ) walnut culture at ,lanca/]4 ,a ye> ago ,i 0 ready to ?r[ up ! sponge4 ,9 fact ,i might say t my :ole crop la/ ye> 0 de/roy$ by ?is husk-maggot4 ,?is ye> ,i h a v f9e crop4 ,la/ ye> x 0 practically wor?less4 ,?is ye> ,i h v few walnuts t 7 affect$ by ! maggots1 l>gely ow+ to ! successful spray+ t he gave ! trees at ! prop] "t4 ,i ?9k ! future has a bright prospect = mak+ walnut culture m pr(itable4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,we are c]ta9ly "u obligations = ! v int]e/+ talk & glad t ,mr4 ,brooks c\ld be ) u4 ,! fir/ ?+ on ! program = ! aft]noon session1 accord+ to ! publi%$ program1 ,i "k w be ( a mo/ int]e/+ "*1 ,top-,work+ ,hickories1 by ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris4 ,,top ,,work+ ,,hickories ,,rob]t ,t4 ,,morris1 ,,new ,,york ,at ! pres5t "t :5 our views on ! subject ( top work+ trees are bas$ ^u incomplete k & exp]i5ce p]haps x is unwise to pres5t a pap] ^u ! subject :i* might be tak5 z au?oritative4 ,on ! o!r h& my exp]i5ce to date is wor? record+ = its face value1 subject to *ange ( view subsequ5tly4 ,diff]5t species ( hickory act diff]5tly :5 subject$ to top work+ me?ods4 ,! bitt]nut may be cut back sev]ely )\t giv+ evid5ce ( any great degree ( %ock4 ,! %agb>k on ! contr>y makes sl[ recov]y & _m ye>s are requir$ = a cut-back %agb>k hickory to rega9 normal equilibrium betwe5 top & root4 ,! pignut & mock]nut app>5tly /& midway betwe5 ! bitt]nut & ! %agb>k 9 respect to ! trimm+ ( ! top4 ,my exp]i5ce ) %agb>k includes ! top work+ ( trees rang+ f a few in*es 9 diamet] up to fifte5 or tw5ty in*es 9 diamet]1 & ! cutt+ back has includ$ all /ages f actual fell+ ( ! tree to cutt+ (f half ( ! top or less ?an half ( ! top4 ,! idea ( fell+ trees completely 0 to graft /ump spr\ts or to ins]t ! slot b>k graft into ! /ump ne> ! gr\nd4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done ! l>g] hickories d n s5d up /ump spr\ts at all & ! root dies except+ 9 cases 9 :i* a slot b>k graft has be5 introduc$4 ,! graft gr[s sl[ly )\t a great degree ( vigor & requires s _m ye>s = balanc+ ! root t ! me?od has n be5 practical up to ! pres5t "t4 ,! same /atem5t is true ( ! %agb>k hickory :i* has be5 trimm$ back v sev]ely leav+ no?+ b ! /ubs ( l>ge bran*es to be graft$ imm$iately or = ! purpose ( graft+ spr\ts 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! b>k ( ! %agb>k hickory is s h>d t new %oots are *ok$ sev]ely & _m ye>s are requir$ be=e !y h a secure hold ^u ! /ock4 ,my f9al conclusion is t we may cut %agb>k limbs hav+ a diamet] ( ?ree in*es or less = ! purpose ( leav+ graft+ /ubs4 ,if a l>ge numb] ( grafts are ins]t$ 9 su* a topwork$ tree or 9 /ock spr\ts :i* />t & are graft$ 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! "w is successful4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! labor ( topwork+ a l>ge %agb>k tree 9 its entirety we may graft only "o or two limbs & all[ /ock spr\ts to gr[ on o!r limbs until bo? /ock spr\ts & graft spr\ts h become well bran*$4 ,bran*es c>ry+ /ock spr\ts may !n be remov$ a few at a "t ye> aft] ye>1 leav+ ! graft spr\ts 9 *>ge f9ally4 ,by means ( ! b>k slot me?od ( graft+ grafts may be ins]t$ 9 any "p ( a hickory tree4 ,! b>k slot me?od consi/s 9 us+ a *isel & mallet = cutt+ p>allel l9es ! wid? ( ! scion 9 ! b>k ( ! /ock4 ,! tongue ( b>k betwe5 ! p>allel l9es is pri$ outw>d ) ! po9t ( ! *isel until ! scion has be5 ins]t$ next ! wood & ! tongue ( b>k is !n all[$ to return to place1 leav+ ! scion int]pos$ betwe5 ! tongue ( b>k & ! wood4 ,rules :i* apply to ! %agb>k may be appli$ to all ( ! hickories ) :i* ,i h exp]im5t$4 ,:5 cutt+ back ! limbs 9 prep>ation = topwork+ x is well to leave z _m z possible ( /ubs or bran*es ( small diamet]4 ,bran*es ( small diamet] may be graft$ by ord9>y cleft graft+ me?ods b bran*es ( l>g] diamet] %\ld be treat$ by ! b>k slot me?od4 ,at ! pres5t "t & 9 ! locality ( my c\ntry place at ,/am=d1 ,connecticut1 melt$ p>aff9 suffices 9 place ( graft+ wax & melt$ p>aff9 is bru%$ ov] ! entire scion1 buds & all1 z well z ov] ! w\nd 9 ! /ock4 ,! "t = cutt+ back hickories 9 prep>ation = topwork+ is probably important & 9 my exp]i5ce to date1 autumn cutt+ is pref]able4 ,! reason is t a good deal ( activity is go+ on 9 ! tree be=e x ent]s into a /ate ( w9t] re/ & w\nds are pretty well repair$4 ,9 w9t] cutt+ !re is "s dang] ( incomplete repair & 9 ! spr+time ! free fl[ ( sap invites ! entrance ( v>i\s enemies1 bact]ial & fung\s4 ,summ] cutt+ accord+ to ! laws ( plant physiology w\ld cause m %ock to ! tree ?an cutt+ at any o!r "t1 al?\gh practically ,i h done ?is successfully4 ,)\t reg>d to season = cutt+ 9 prep>ation = topwork+ x is v important to trim cut ends v smoo?ly ) a %>p knife 9 ord] to remove ragg$ tissue left by ! saw4 ,x is difficult to p]suade employees to d ?is & x w n be done z a rule unless ! own] looks aft] ! matt] p]sonally4 ,! smoo?ly trimm$ end ( ! cut bran* %\ld imm$iately be protect$ ) :ite pa9t1 melt$ p>aff91 or "s o!r protective cov]+4 ,:at are ! disadvantages ( ! slot b>k me?od ( topwork+ hickories8 ,! scion does n h su* a secure hold ^u ! /ock z x does 9 cleft graft+ & x w bl[ out 9 a high w9d unless x is protect$ by braces4 ,i h f\nd x n h>mful to a tree to fa/5 la?s to ! /ock = hold+ ! gr[+ scion1 driv+ galvaniz$ iron nails ?r\gh ! la? directly into ! /ock4 ,unless gr[+ grafts are well brac$ by "s me?od ! entire season's "w may be lo/ 9 two m9utes ( a gale prec$+ a ?und]/orm 9 summ]4 ,by ! slot b>k me?od1 9 o!r words1 we may cat* m grafts & lose m grafts ?an by any o!r me?od ) :i* ,i am famili>1 b ! loss may be avoid$ by prop] att5tion4 ,! be/ "t = graft+ v>ies ) ! locality4 ,at ,/am=d ,i h graft$ hickories f ,febru>y until ,septemb]4 ,v e>ly graft+ is l>gely a failure because ( incomplete repair ( ! w\nd 9 ! /ock & scion4 ,late summ] graft+ is n practical because ! scions :i* make a />t d n lignify _! new %oots suffici5tly to )/& ! w9t] cold4 ,9 late ,april or e>ly ,may :5 ! sap is runn+ v freely we also h a consid]able loss ( scions because an excess ( wat] causes ! scion %oots to gr[ too rapidly be=e w\nd repair has tak5 place to ! po9t necess>y = conduct+ nutrition = ! gr[+ %oots4 ,graft+ aft] ! leaves are pretty well out on ! tree has giv5 me be/ success4 ,graft+ f !n up to ! la/ week 9 ,july has be5 f\nd to be practical4 ,scions = topwork+ hickories h be5 employ$ = :at ,i call m$iate & imm$iate graft+4 ,by m$iate graft+ is meant ! employm5t ( scions :i* h be5 cut :ile !y 7 dormant & :i* h be5 /or$ 9 any appropriate way4 ,imm$iate graft+ means ! transf]5ce ( scions cut f "o tree & us$ ^u ano!r 9 ! same h\r or day4 ,m$iate graft+ is ! sort :i* belongs to all hi/ory ( ! subject & imm$iate graft+ relates m p>ticul>ly to my rec5t exp]im5tal "w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,be*tel3 ,:at k9d ( wax did y use if any besides p>aff98 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i h giv5 up ev]y?+ b t4 ,! p>aff9 has a numb] ( special advantages4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x seals any w\nd aga9/ infection f bact]ia or fungi4 ,x prev5ts moi/ure f ra9 c>ry+ bact]ia into ! w\nd4 ,x prev5ts evaporation f ! cut surfaces4 ,,mr4 ,,be*tel3 ,doesn't x melt too mu* 9 ! sun8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,x might ) y & y might ne$ to use a h>d] p>aff94 ,!re are a great _m k9ds ( p>aff94 ,! p>aff9 s]ies is a l>ge "o 9 *emi/ry4 ,! "o ,i f9d be/ = our locality is ! common p>[ax t y c f9d 9 any groc]y /ore4 ,i use j ! pure /raight ?+ b 9 y\r c\ntry y are fur!r s\? & may ne$ a diff]5t "o4 ,x does melt "s 9 ! middle ( a hot day & w be ne>ly fluid sometimes b x h>d5s up :5 ! sun goes d[n4 ,,mr4 ,,fo/]3 ,7 ! grafts kept 9 cold /orage8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i h us$ two ways ( keep+ grafts = top work+4 ,"s h be5 kept 9 cold /orage1 o!rs h be5 kept 9 ! ice h\se4 ,i h be5 9 ! habit ( kick+ up ! sawdu/ & dropp+ scions 9 ! hole n v f> above ! ice4 ,la/ ye> ,i c\ld n get any ice & two ye>s ago ,i c\ld n get any b ! scions kept j z well 9 ! sawdu/ ne> ! gr\nd4 ,!n ,i h kept !m pack$ 9 leaves ) two feet ( leaves on top ( ! scions4 ,i h also kept "s z ,mr4 ,jones has b ! difficulty is 9 keep+ !m at ! "r degree ( moi/ure4 ,! enzymes g to "w ! m9ute ! cells ( ! scion h a full *>ge ( wat] despite l[ temp]ature unless x is actually bel[ freez+4 ,scions ( ano!r k9d are ! ones t ,i cut (f f "o tree & put on ! next tree ! same h\r or day4 ,t has only be5 possible by ?is me?od t ,i n[ employ4 ,almo/ any "t 9 ! summ] we c d t )\t keep+ ! scions 9 /orage at all4 ,i gave "s ( !m a re/+ p]iod exp]im5tally = a day or two b to no advantage4 ,,pr(4 ,,close3 ,don't y h to be pretty c>eful ) ! melt$ p>aff9 s z n to injure ! tissue8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,yes we ne$ special app>atus4 ,i took a lant]n1 cut out ! top & sunk a spun cup d[n 9 ! lant]n4 ,on a cold day ,i turn ! alcohol flame high] ?an 9 a w>m day4 ,i h be5 try+ to h ?is lant]n made s t x c\ld be got on ! m>ket4 ,!re is no?+ else to my k t w all[ ! graft] to regulate ! temp]ature ( melt$ wax accord+ to ! wea!r4 ,i am go+ to get x manufactur$ s y c ea* h "o4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,!re is a s]ies ( p>aff9es pure p>aff9es :i* are kn[n only 9 *emical laboratories & also a numb] :i* c be obta9$ )\t mu* difficulty4 ,! common p>[ax ,i ?9k is ! grade t is kn[n 9 ! trade z #abj4 ,t is x melts at #abj degrees ,f4 b p>aff9 c be obta9$ )\t mu* difficulty t melts at #abe1 #abh & #acj1 s if ! p>[ax is too s(t = ,mr4 ,be*tel's di/rict ,i am sure he c get some?+ t w be all "r4 ,he might h to s5d to ,new ,york to get x b x is readily obta9$ !re4 ,,mr4 ,,be*tel3 ,i h us$ bees wax & f9d t t melts at a high] temp]ature4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i want complete transp>5cy4 ,,mr4 ,,fo/]3 ,w\ld x be out ( ord] = a beg9n] to ask :at type ( graft+ ,dr4 ,morris uses 9 8 "w on ^! trees4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i ?9k t somebody :o 0 n a beg9n] might ask t q z well4 ,i h tri$ almo/ all ! me?ods employ$ by ! exp]ts & h gott5 d[n to v simple pr9ciples4 ,if ,i am go+ to get fifty1 sixty1 eighty or n9ety p] c5t ( cat*es 9 hickory z we sometimes d ,i h to use me?ods t are v simple4 ,= limbs t are small n l>g] ?an "o's f+] ! pla9 cleft graft is good en\gh & ,i l z f> z possible to *oose a bran* t is ab\t ! diamet] ( ! scion4 ,if ! limb is l>g] 9 diamet] ?an ! scion ,i make my cleft to "o side s t ! cambium l9e ( /ock & scion w correspond4 ,x is important to h cambium lay]s toge!r4 ,by all means ! be/ feature ( all 9 my graft+ "w is :at ,i call ! b>k slot4 ,?is b>k slot consi/s 9 mak+ two p>allel l9es 9 ! /ock b>k ! wid? ( ! scion4 ,i turn d[n t tongue ( b>k & /ick 9 ! scion4 ,i turn back ! b>k aga9 & b9d all ) raffia4 ,t is ! b>k slot graft4 ,! b>k slot is by all means ! mo/ successful me?od t ,i h ev] employ$4 ,:at are ! objections to x8 ,n s firm a hold on ! /ock z y w get 9 a cleft4 ,:at are y go+ to d ab\t x8 ,put on good /rong braces = ! gr[+ /ock4 ,i f9d x does n d mu* h>m to drive galvaniz$ nails "r into ! tree to hold ! brace1 ?ree or f\r nails "r into ! limb1 & !n tie ! rapidly gr[+ %oot to ! brace4 ,if ,i d n d t ! new %oot bl[s out v readily :5 ,i use ! b>k slot4 ,9 o!r words y w cat* m by ?is me?od & lose m unless y give ! grafts a good deal ( att5tion4 ,,pr(4 ,,close3 ,h[ d y trim ! scion8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i trim x mo/ly ) "o good long cut on "o side & sometimes turn x ov] & make a little nick on ! o!r1 b "o good long cut is usually all t x ne$s4 ,,pr(4 ,,close3 ,suppos+ ! b>k does n peel8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,if x does n ,i ?9k ! *ances are aga9/ its cat*+ y\r graft4 ,i h done all my graft+ until ?is ye> at times :5 ! b>k peel$ b ?is ye> ,i c>ri$ x up into ,septemb] aft] ! b>k _h set & ,i am try+ to see if ,i c get a cat* !n4 ,9 t case ,i take a *isel & *isel (f ! b>k :]e x is hide-b\nd4 ,! exp]im5t may be a failure b ,i h _h s _m failures t !y are sort ( a pleasant exp]i5ce4 ,,mr4 ,,fo/]3 ,9 ! cutt+ back ,i und]/& t y pref] to d s :5 ! tree is dormant4 ,!n 9 ! spr+ :5 y />t y\r graft+ d y leave t cut j z x is or d y cut x (f aga98 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,^! are v important que/ions t are com+ out4 ,:5 y h saw$ (f ! limb trim ! end neatly ) a %>p knife4 ,an employee w almo/ always leave ! cut end ragg$ b if y d x y\rself & h smoo? ends & cov] !m ) p>aff9 y c graft "r squ>ely on t end4 ,turn d[n y\r b>k = a slot & /ick 9 ! scion at any "t4 ,if ! cut end 0 made by someone :o 0 n c>eful make a cut d[n ?r\gh any liv+ b>k ) a *isel or a knife until y get d[n to ! wood1 !n make p>allel l9es f t po9t & turn d[n ! tongue ( b>k4 ,i h put 9 scions :]e ,i _h to use a heavy *isel & mallet to turn d[n ! tongue4 ,x 0 n necess>y to put on any b9d+ !re :]e ! tongue ( b>k 0 s ?ick4 ,,pr(4 ,,close3 ,i und]/& y to say t if ! end has become dri$ y g d[n bel[ ! dri$ "p8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,:5 ,i f9d ! end ( ! /ub dry ,i g bel[ t po9t to get live b>k = graft+ purposes4 ,aft] my scion is well "u way a ye> or s !n ,i saw (f any project+ /ub beyond ! graft & put p>aff9 ov] ! cut end4 ,t =m ( graft works v well except t x makes m "w4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i h be5 v mu* int]e/$ 9 :at ,dr4 ,morris said4 ,i f\nd x no tr\ble :atev] to get a hickory f f\r to six or eight in*es to gr[ a great big graft1 b ,i h nev] se5 "o live ?ree ye>s4 ,i h my woods full ( dead ones4 ,i h "o 9 front ( my h\se n[ :i* ,i slip-b>k graft$ ab\t ! diamet] ( two in*es & x is /ill gr[+ b ,i expect an invitation to its fun]al next spr+4 ,i h nev] se5 a hickory tree successfully graft$ ov] five in*es 9 diamet]4 ,i f\nd 9 my woods t ! trees w\ld sometimes die d[n to ! gr\nd4 ,if !y liv$ !y w\ld drag along = two or ?ree ye>s4 ,if ^? ( y :o 7 out !re ye/]day _h _h a little m "t ,i c\ld h %[n y ^? dead hickories4 ,i w\ld l to "k :at y\r exp]i5ce is 9 graft+ hickories ov] an in* 9 diamet]4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,t is an important po9t & x relates to ! matt] ( cutt+ back to su* an ext5t t x causes too mu* %ock to ! tree4 ,9 v l>ge hickories ,i h cut !m hack to %ort /ubs & h _h a numb] ( !m die4 ,on ! o!r h& :]e ,i h cut back s t ! l>ge/ limbs cut 7 n m ?an ?ree in*es 9 diamet] ^? trees w\ld d v well4 ,i h liv+ %ag b>k grafts n[ on trees t are f five in*es to m ?an fifte5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,d y cut ^! back 9 ! w9t] or spr+8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i d n rememb] ab\t all4 ,"s1 7 cut back 9 bo? seasons4 ,w9t] is probably bett]4 ,autumn bett] yet4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i cut m9e 9 ! spr+4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,t has a lot to d ) x if ! trees ble$ too mu*4 ,,mr4 ,,fo/]3 ,are y\r pignuts native8 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i ?9k mo/ ( !m are worse ?an t4 ,,mr4 ,,fo/]3 ,!y are famili>ly kn[n 9 my /ate z pig nuts4 ,,pr(4 ,,close3 ,y c\ld top-"w !m4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,we w proce$ ) ! next numb]4 ,we are honor$ 9 hav+ ) u ! ,presid5t ( ! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s ,association :o has come to u all ! way f ! s\?l& to tell u ab\t selection & propagation = ! improvem5t ( ! pecan4 ,i n[ h ! honor ( pres5t+ to y ,mr4 ,!odore ,be*tel1 ,presid5t ( ! ,national ,association4 ,,mr4 ,,be*tel3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,ladies & ,g5tlem53 ,aft] hav+ li/5$ to s _m good pap]s & addresses x seems to me t z f> z imp>t+ any k to ?is audi5ce my trip may h be5 9 va94 ,h[ev] ,i assure y z ?is is my fir/ visit to ,wa%+ton x lacks a :ole lot ( be+ 9 va9 f :at ,i h already se5 & enjoy$4 ,i may be able to add a few po9ts to :at has already be5 said4 ,,selection ,,& ,,propagation ,,= ,,improvem5t ,,( ,,pecans ,,!odore ,,be*tel1 ,,ocean ,,spr+s1 ,,mississippi ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,ladies & ,g5tlem53 ,x is inde$ a great pleasure to meet y all "h 9 ! int]e/ ( ,horticulture1 "o ( ! greate/1 &1 by ! way1 ! olde/ indu/ries ( :i* we h any record1 s9ce ,adam & ,eve 7 engag$ 9 x1 & 9 ! int]e/ ( "o ( ! greate/ bran*es ( t indu/ry1 ,nut ,culture1 & ?is 9 ! greate/ city on ,e>?1 because x is ! seat ( ,gov]nm5t ( ! greate/ nation on ,e>?4 ,we are all "h1 prim>ily1 9 ! int]e/ ( ,nut ,culture & ,i v5ture to say t ^! meet+s w n be 9 va91 z a congregation ( su* intellig5ce1 int]e/ & det]m9ation z ,i see display$ "h is c]ta9 to accompli% mu* 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,! v fact t !re are _m problems 9 ,nut ,culture to be work$ out makes ! indu/ry ! m int]e/+ = ^? :o are n look+ = an easy get-ri*-quick s*eme4 ,we h accompli%$ "s ?+s 9 ! l9e ( propagation ( pecans :i* 7 said to be impossible only a few ye>s ago1 & !y n[ seem easy4 ,! problems y w h to "w out 9 ! ,nor!rn pecan section1 z x appe>s to me1 are selection & developm5t ( suitable v>ieties = y\r climate4 ,?is w no d\bt be done by us+ ! be/ h>dy v>ieties y already h1 "s ( :i* are %[+ good results1 & cross+ ^! j z is be+ done 9 ! ,s\? n[ by our ,gov]nm5t (ficials & by sev]al private individuals4 ,?is great ,gov]nm5t ( ours has an ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t :i* is capable ( p]=m+ tasks 9 ! way ( exp]im5tal "w 9 ?is l9e on an ext5sive scale1 :i* w\ld be too great an und]tak+ = an individual1 & we %\ld use e ef=t to induce ?is "w to be ext5d$ to ! ,nor!rn sections1 if x has n already be5 begun4 ,! results obta9$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,=k]t1 ( ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,mississippi1 :o 0 "o ( ! fir/ to take up ! "w1 are highly int]e/+ & give satisfactory evid5ce ( :at c be done by way ( comb9+ ! good qualities ( two v>ieties by a sy/ematic sci5tific me?od ( cross poll5iz+ & ! "w ( ,dr4 ,van ,fleet1 ^: place we visit$ ye/]day c]ta9ly 0 conv9c+ ( ! great possibilities along ?is l9e ( "w4 ,! fact t y h n ! be/ n[ does n indicate t y w n 9 "t surpass 9 results "s ( ! sections :]e pecans n[ ab\nd4 ,jackson ,c\nty1 ,mississippi1 _h no native pecan =e/ to />t ) & yet we n[ h "s ( ! be/ & mo/ pr(itable or*>ds 9 ! _w1 & x is ! place :]e mo/ ( ! /&>d high class v>ieties h orig9at$4 ,9 ! selection ( v>ieties ^u :i* to build up y\r pecan indu/ry be c>eful to *oose v>ieties %[+ z _m ( ! foll[+ qualities z possible3 ,productiv5ess1 h>d9ess1 e>ly maturity1 plumpness ( k]nel1 good flavor & crack+ qualities4 ,! v>ieties select$ = cross poll5ization %\ld comb9e z _m ( ! desirable qualities z possible4 ,by graft+ f ! "y hybrids into ! top ( old be>+ trees y may h samples ( nuts 9 a v few ye>s4 ,! propagation ( pecans 9 ! ,nor!rn nurs]ies seems to be well "u way & w no d\bt be /imulat$ z or*>d plant+ increases4 ,i might add z a sugge/ion t se$l+s to graft ^u be rais$ f se$ obta9$ z ne> by & z ne>ly 9 ! same latitude z possible z ^! w usually be f\nd be/ adapt$ to local conditions ( t section4 ,:e!r graft+ or budd+ is ! be/ me?od ( propagation w likely dep5d ^u local conditions4 ,we f9d 9 ! f> ,s\? t budd+ succe$s be/ 9 "s localities :ile graft+ is be/ 9 o!rs4 ,ultimate results ( ! two me?ods 9 ! or*>ds are equal4 ,9 sections :]e !re are native pecans gr[+ 9 suitable places ^! %\ld be top work$ to ! be/ h>dy v>ieties possible = quick results4 ,! be/ me?od to d ?is "w w also dep5d ^u local conditions & seasons4 ,! slip m>k me?od ( graft+ z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z ! b>k w slip1 w no d\bt be "o ( ! mo/ exp$iti\s1 z x is quickly done1 & 9 _m sections is v successful1 provid+ ! scions are kept p]fectly dormant & ! wax+ & ty+ are c>efully done4 ,z comm]cial or*>d+ is /ill 9 ! exp]im5tal /age 9 ! ,nor!rn section ( our c\ntry x w be well to s\nd a note ( w>n+ to prospective plant]s t !y may avoid "s ( ! mi/akes t we 9 ! ,s\!rn pecan belt made at "o "t4 ,next to ! neglect1 :i* "s ( ! plant]s all[$ _! or*>ds to und]go1 probably ! selection ( ! wrong k9d ( l& has be5 ! cause ( m disappo9tm5t ?an any o!r "o s\rce4 ,a f]tile soil deep1 mell[1 well dra9$ s&y or gravelly clay subsoil %\ld be ideal = pecans any:]e 9 ! latitude 9 :i* !y are h>dy4 ,h[ev]1 _m o!r types ( soil are produc+ pecans1 & if y\r home happ5s to be locat$ :]e ! soil is n ideal1 y c /ill gr[ !m by furni%+ ! elem5ts :i* nature has fail$ to provide1 if y\r soil is well dra9$ & free f h>d pan4 ,! plant+ & cultivation1 to be sure1 mu/ be c>efully & ?or\ghly done to insure success any:]e4 ,i w say 9 conclusion t ,i believe !re are wond]ful possibilities 9 ,nut ,culture 9 ?is c\ntry ( ours4 ,we "k x is an e/abli%$ fact t nuts are ent]$ into ! diet>y ( our upw>ds ( "o hundr$ & t5 million inhabitants ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica m & m f day to day4 ,we h evid5ce ( ?is 9 our importations ( nuts1 :i* h increas$ f ye> to ye> until !y h ne>ly rea*$ ! enorm\s value ( #eg1jjj1jjj = ! ye> #aiai z /at$ by ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal4 ,!n1 too1 !re c]ta9ly c be no m fasc9at+ bran* ( horticulture comb9$ at ! same "t ) f9ancial rew>d4 ,n[1 let me ?ank y = y\r att5tion & say t ,i only wi% t e "o ( y might jo9 u 9 our big meet+ ( ! ,national ,association at ,au/91 ,texas1 next week4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,fo/]3 ,a ?\ght occurs to me 9 connection ) ,dr4 ,morris' idea ( p>aff9 = use 9 w>m climates4 ,i happ5 to "k z a pat5t attorney t 9 ! manufacture ( c&les 9 ord] to give p>aff9 heat resi/+ qualities !y introduce /e>ic acid4 ,i h no d\bt t x w\ld be j z successfully employ$ 9 p>aff9 = ! purpose ( graft+4 ,i ?9k 9 c&le mak+ !y add some?+ l t5 or fifte5 p] c5t to ! ord9>y p>aff94 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i ?9k we are v =tunate to h ) u ,mr4 ,be*tel & ,mr4 ,p]ry f d[n ,s\? :o are really 9 ! nut bus9ess4 ,! problem be=e u is v>ieties4 ,if y want to plant black walnuts :at walnut d y want to plant8 ,j because ,i happ5 to say t ,/abl] is a fir/-class walnut does n make x s4 ,if y want to plant ,engli% walnuts :at v>iety8 ,i said to ,dr4 ,van ,dazce a few ye>s ago1 ,i wi% ,i knew m ab\t t v>iety4 ,he said3 ,don't bo!r ab\t t4 ,y w be top work+ !m all 9 a few ye>s4 7,applause47 ,i h f\nd a bigg] pecan d[n 9 ,indiana ?an ! ,major4 ,x is a big type & ,i wi% we knew m ab\t x4 ,i wi% ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture w\ld make an inve/igation & f9d out4 ,:at nuts to plant & :at soil to plant !m on & :at v>ieties to plant x seems to me ought to be ! tr5d ( our talk "h at ^! meet+s1 & ,i am glad t ,mr4 ,be*tel has tak5 up t "q4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,i ?9k ! memb]s ( ! association w\ld be int]e/$ 9 he>+ a brief acc\nt f ,mr4 ,bixby ( ! only comm]cial nut plant+ proposition 9 ! ,nor? at pres5t1--a v successful "o4 ,he has visit$ x )9 a week & ,i ?9k he c\ld tell u :at v>ieties !y h plant$4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,ab\t a week ago ,i 0 at ,alton1 ,ill9ois1 at ! place ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl4 ,he has be5 a pione] 9 _m ?+s1 9 fruit culture & :at int]e/s u m today 9 nut culture4 ,he is outside ! native *e/nut belt & _m ye>s ago he plant$ "s native ,am]ican *e/nuts4 ,:5 ! ,ro*e/] *e/nut came out he plant$ x & he obta9$ f ! late ,j4 ,r4 ,p>ry ( ,p>ry1 ,n4 ,j41 8 be/ ,japan *e/nuts includ+ ! ,reliance4 ,he also obta9$ ,boone trees f ! orig9ator ! late ,geo4 ,w4 ,endicott1 ,villa ,ridge1 ,ill4 ,he has rais$ _m se$l+ trees f ! above v>ieties & plant$ a small hillside to !m4 ,out ( ^? he has select$ ! be/ & is propagat+ f !m4 ,he has *e/nuts !re t ,i wi% ,i might %[ "h1 "s t are fifty p] c5t l>g] ?an ,p>agon & ) a bett] flavor4 ,fur!rmore !y w drop out ( ! husks s t x is n necess>y to pick up an unop5$ burr & heat x or p\nd x to get ! nuts out4 ,he has n[ betwe5 "o & two ?\s& *e/nut trees4 ,mo/ ( 8 *e/nut trees h[ev] are se$l+ trees :i* d n be> ne>ly z well z 8 be/ trees4 ,! great] "p ( 8 trees are 9 l& t has nev] be5 cultivat$4 ,_m ( 8 trees are n yet 9 be>+4 ,"s ( 8 trees h[ev] are n[ #be to #bh feet spread & be>+ heavily4 ,he is c]ta9 t ! yield ( 8 or*>d c\ld be greatly increas$ by top work+ ! poor be>]s & t he is do+4 ,/ill he told me be obta9$ n less ?an #ce p] p\nd = any ( ! crop & = "s z high z #dj & #ej :olesale4 ,9 #aibj he produc$ ov] #djjj p\nds4 ,9 ?is connection a %ort hi/ory ( ! ,boone tree w be ( int]e/4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahie ,mr4 ,endicott f]tiliz$ blossoms ( ,p>ry's ,japan ,giant *e/nut ) poll5 ( a native ,am]ican *e/nut & plant$ ! nuts4 ,?is cross 0 made ) difficulty = ! ,am]ican & ,japan *e/nuts d n bloom at ! same "t & x 0 sev]al ye>s aft] he _h made up 8 m9d to make ! cross be=e he 0 able to d x4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahig "o ( ! trees produc$ six burrs fill$ ) nuts & 0 nam$ ! ,boone4 ,s9ce !n x has borne z foll[s3 #ahih1 #a lb42 #ahii1 #c lbs42 #aijj1 #e lbs42 #aija1 #f lbs42 #aijb1 #h lbs42 #aijc1 #ab lbs42 #aijd1 #ag lbs42 #aije1 #be lbs42 #aijf1 #ca lbs42 #aijg1 #dc lbs42 #aijh1 #ej lbs42 #aiji1 #ef lbs42 #aiaj1 #e lbs4 7small crop due to h>d freeze 9 ,april72 #aiaa1 #hj lbs42 #aiab1 #gf lbs42 #aiac1 #adj lbs42 #aibj1 #aec lbs4 ,i am n in=m$ z to ! crops 9 #aiad to #aiai inclusive4 ,two o!r trees ( ! same p>5tage plant$ at ! same "t bore #abh lbs4 & #afh lbs4 respectively 9 #aibj4 ,if we consid] t *e/nut trees are set #dj feet ap>t ea* way1 :i* means #bg trees to ! acre1 & e/imat$ ! crop at a fraction ( t borne by ! ,boone tree we %all /ill h figures suffici5t to %[ ! wond]ful possibilities ( ! *e/nut 9 ^? sections outside ( ! native *e/nut area ( ! c\ntry :]e x w succe$4 ,mr4 ,riehl also has black ,walnuts4 ,he procur$ a ,?omas black walnut f ,joseph ,w4 ,?omas ,son1 ,k+ ( ,prussia1 ,pa41 fifte5 or sixte5 ye>s ago4 ,f t orig9al ,?omas tree he has top work$ a lot ( se$l+ black walnut trees & he has ,i %\ld ?9k betwe5 "o & two hundr$ 9 be>+ at ! pres5t "t _m ( !m be>+ heavy crops4 ,x is v evid5t t ,mr4 ,riehl has 9 8 *e/nuts & 9 8 black walnuts gott5 nor!rn nut culture d[n to ! po9t :]e x pays4 ,i want$ to get ,mr4 ,olcott to g !re on 8 trip & get "s facts f ,mr4 ,riehl to pres5t at ?is meet+4 ,:5 ,i 0 !re ,i _h ano!r mission 9 m9d & ,i sp5t ! "t 9 gett+ :at ,i w5t =4 ,consequ5tly ,i did n get all ! practical details & results 9 doll>s & c5ts :i* we ought to h to demon/rate t x has be5 a comm]cial success4 ,b ,i am satisfi$ t x is because he is con/antly increas+ 8 plant+s4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,two ye>s ago he favor$ black walnuts4 ,,mr4 ,,be*tel3 ,:at has he done ) pecans8 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,! pecan is native ) him b he is probably pretty ne> its nor!rn limit ev5 ?\gh ,i h f\nd x be>+ good crops fur!r nor?4 ,! pecans ,i h se5 at ,alton d n seem to be be>+ mu*4 ,he has "o or two nor!rn v>ieties top work$ on native pecans "o eight ye>s old & ano!r "o five nei!r "o ( :i* is be>+4 ,,mr4 ,,be*tel3 ,he _h a v small *oice nut t he priz$ v highly & s5t me "s scions to propagate = him ,i ?9k ab\t #ab or #ad ye>s ago4 ,i grew !m on our native /ock %ipp$ !m to him4 ,i nev] foll[$ x up to see :at results he _h4 ,i ?9k probably ^? roots may h froz5 out if he _h sev]e w9t]s4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,:at he %[$ me 7 two ( ! /&>d nor!rn v>ieties1 ,i ?9k ,buss]on & ,indiana1 :i* he _h graft$ on "y trees4 ,9 s\!rn ,indiana !y are do+ mu* bett]4 ,graft$ v>ieties are be>+ b ) ,mr4 ,riehl x is ! black walnut & ! *e/nut ) :i* he is mak+ a success4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,! next speak] has = 8 subject ! s\!rn pecan & h[ its comm]cial developm5t came ab\t4 ,he comes f ! "o /ate 9 ! ,union ( :i* ,i may be some:at jeal\s4 ,x is ! only /ate ea/ ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] ) a l>g] area ?an ,mi*igan4 7,applause74 ,i take pleasure 9 pres5t+ ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,p]ry1 ( ,cu?b]t1 ,georgia1 ,secret>y ( ! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association4 ,,georgia',s ,,pecan ,,indu/ry ,a4 ,s4 ,,p]ry1 ,,cu?b]t1 ,,georgia ,my he>t ?rills ) pride & pleasure z ,i /& 9 ! ,capital ,city ( our great nation & br+ greet+s to ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association f ! f]tile fields ( ! f> ,s\?4 ,i am a s\!rn] to ! mann] born4 ,= six g5]ations my p sleep 9 ,georgia soil & = an hundr$ ye>s my family h liv$ 9 ! ,albany di/rict ! que5lie/ section ( ! f> s\? t re/s respl5dant z a jewel ^u ! sn[y bosom ( h] royal "m ,georgia & z beautiful z a clu/] ( fragrant fl[]s t ne/les 9 ! girdle ( a lovely woman4 ,my imp]ial "m ,georgia is a l& ( surpass+ lovel9ess & ?us has = ages be5 ! inspiration ( poets & pa9t]s too4 ,! s\!rn]s dream ( beauty is ! magnolia & :o c t9t h] roses or pa9t ! morn+ glory t po9ts its purple bugle t[>ds ! sky z ?\gh to s\nd ! revelie = a wak+ _w4 ,no prima donna has ev] yet ent]ta9$ ! cr[n$ heads ( ,europe ) su* music z t div9e melody ) :i* ! mock+ bird greets ! com+ dawn4 ,ours is a l& :]e skies b5d blue & all nature seems to smile2 :]e mosses veil ! infirmities ( decrepit oaks & v9es spr+ unbidd5 f ! gr\nd to hide ! sc>s ( grey old walls2 :]e ! grape-v9e /agg]s f tree to tree z ?\gh drunk ) ! purple juice ( its own lusci\s fruit2 :]e fl[]s lie at y\r plate on a w9t]'s day & ! humble/ labor] c>ries 9 8 dusky h& fl[]s fit to grace a ,may que5's cr[n4 ,z pr\d z ,i am ( ! beauties ( ,georgia ,i am pr\d] /ill ( h] mat]ial & natural res\rces4 ,we h a va/ undevelop$ empire )9 ^: bord]s !re awaits ! prospector su* pot5tial treasure z w\ld make ! fabl$ weal? ( ,lydia's anci5t k+ seem b a begg>'s trifle1 & ! consum+ ambition ( my life is to see ^! res\rces develop$ to ! fulle/ degree & !n %all my imp]ial "m ,georgia %9e z ! brighte/ /> t gleams 9 ,columbia's diadem4 ,b ( all ! natural res\rces ( ,georgia !re are none to be comp>$ to ! possibilities 9 ! developm5t ( our ,,national ,,nut ! ,pap] ,%ell ,pecan4 ,! hi/ory ( ! pap] %ell pecan is b ano!r example t a prophet is n )\t honor save 9 8 own c\ntry1 = native ,georgians fail$ to avail !mselves ( ! opportunity at _! door & ! cr$it = ! developm5t ( ,georgia's pecan indu/ry belongs to ! f> sight$ m5 & wom5 ( ! ,nor?4 ,!n :y %\ld ,i n feel grateful to su* m5 & wom5 z y believ+ z ,i d t ! pap] %ell pecan indu/ry is de/9$ to lead ,dixie out ( h] indu/rial bondage & re/ore h] to h] rightful place among ! si/]hood ( /ates4 ,hi/ory repeats itself says ! soldi] & !re is pictur$ 9 8 m9d vision ( o!r ,%5&oah ,valleys swept by ! fi]y broom ( w> & o!r ,atlantas & ,savannahs giv5 to ! flames on "s o!r ,%]man's ,m>* to ! ,sea4 ,b hi/ory has repeat$ itself2 ! ,nor? has aga9 invad$ ! ,s\? b n ) drum & fife & arm$ ho/s & has be5 met n ) %ot & %ell b ) a g5u9e s\!rn welcome & f ?is comm+l+ ( nor!rn capital & en]gy ) s\!rn soil & sun%9e has sprung a new indu/ry ( su* roseate promise z to almo/ make ! /ory ( ,aladd9's ,wond]ful ,lamp fade into insignificance & ,dixie's imp]ial product1 ! cultivat$ pap] %ell pecan makes h] b[ to ! _w4 ,fr5* explor]s z e>ly z #agdj left au!ntic records ( pecans 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley & ! _m giant pecan trees scatt]$ f ,m>yl& to ,texas :i* ! sci5ti/s tell u are hundr$s ( ye>s old seem to indicate t ! pecan is a native ( ,am]ica ^: orig9 is lo/ 9 prehi/oric times4 ,! e>lie/ f9ancial transaction 9 pecans t has come to my notice 0 9 #aggb :5 ,william ,pr9ce ( ,flu%+1 ,new ,york1 sold 9 ,engl& eight pecan trees = t5 gu9eas ea*4 ,^! trees 7 gr[n f se$ plant$ by himself4 ,prior to #ahij !re _h be5 little if any attempt to plant pecans 9 or*>ds b ab\t ?is "t a few scatt]+ se$l+ or*>ds began to appe>4 ,9 ,octob] #aijb ab\t ?irty own]s ( small pecan or*>ds met 9 ,macon1 ,georgia1 & organiz$ ! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s ,association4 ,( ^? pione] gr[]s only ?ree rema9 today z active memb]s ( ! ,association1 ,!o4 ,be*tel1 ,h4 ,c4 ,:ite1 & ,o4 ,p4 ,me>s4 ,by ?is "t ! art ( budd+ & graft+ hav+ become reasonably well kn[n sev]al pecan nurs]ies came into be>+ & or*>ds ( budd$ trees began to appe> & ! f\ndations ( a real indu/ry 7 laid4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! nurs]y crook began to appe> & sold ?\s&s ( wor?less trees b despite ?is h&icap pecan culture cont9u$ to spread & %ortly !reaft] attract$ ! att5tion ( ,pr(4 ,john ,craig ( ,cornell :o aft] inve/igation pron\nc$ x safe sane & pr(itable4 ,he also made a /udy ( ! v>i\s sections & decid$ t ! ,albany di/rict 0 ! ideal section = pr(itable pecan culture4 ,?is ann\ncem5t by ,pr(4 ,craig 0 suffici5t to induce nor!rn capitali/s to beg9 develop+ ! ,albany di/rict on a comm]cial scale & sev]al companies ent]$ ! field plant+ _m ?\s& acres to be sold 9 units4 ,z an evid5ce ( ! lack ( fai? on ! "p ( local l& own]s let me say t a few weeks ago ,i read ! orig9al contract betwe5 "o ( ! pione] developm5t companies & ! g5tleman f :om !y b\ght _! l&4 ,?is contract 0 dat$ e>ly 9 #aijh & provid$ = ! sale on "t paym5ts ( sev]al ?\s& acres ( l& clos+ ) ! limitation t unless z mu* u #ajj acres ( ?is l& 7 plant$ 9 pecans & sold 9 #aibj ! contract 0 to be null & void4 ,z a matt] ( fact ?is company develop$ & sold ab\t #dejj acres 9 less ?an five ye>s4 ,!y h long s9ce retir$ z develop]s & give _! entire "t to ! c>e ( _! imm5se or*>ds & ! sale ( _! nuts :i* annually run ar\nd two hundr$ ?\s& p\nds4 ,m ?an "o ( ^! pione] developm5t companies f\nd !mselves 9 f9ancial difficulties due to ! fact t !y _h sold _! or*>ds too *eaply4 ,pecan gr[+ is exp5sive1 mu* m s ?an ! av]age man ?9ks & ! pecan or*>ds 9 ! ,albany di/rict today t d n meet ! expectations ( _! own]s are mo/ly ^? t suff]$ = lack ( money4 ,^? companies ) f9ancial res\rces & intellig5t horticulturi/s h develop$ or*>ds t are a s\rce ( p]5nial pleasure & pr(it to _! own]s4 ,! cultivat$ pap] %ell pecan is z sup]ior to ! wild se$l+ z is ,am]ican gold to ,mexico's money4 ,^! wild se$l+s are small 9 size artificially color$ a bright r$ & h a %>p1 a/r+5t ta/e & h a comm]cial value only because !y are us$ to l[] ! price ( mix$ nuts4 ,:5 ! av]age man he>s ! ^w pecan be in/antly ?9ks ( ! bitt] r$ little nut :i* is ev] pres5t 9 ! supply ( ,*ri/mas goodies b :i* is religi\sly cull$ & f$ to ! gl[+ grate4 ,mr4 ,av]age ,man nev] ev5 he>d ( ! s\!rn pap] %ell pecan4 ,9 fact1 up to ! pres5t "t1 ! dem& has f> exce$$ ! supply & b little if any ef=t has be5 made to develop new m>kets4 ,i ?9k x a cons]vative e/imate t n t5 p] c5t ( our population h ev] ta/$ a pap] %ell pecan4 ,! pap] %ell pecan is our national nut & its only competition 9 ! m>kets ( ! _w is ! ignorance ( ! public4 ,acqua9t ! public ) its m]its & !re w be a dem& = a million times our pres5t supply4 ,away ) ! ?\ght ( ov]production4 ,! avalan* ( nuts is an old wife's fable4 ,d n talk to u ab\t ov]production1 :5 ! food problem is giv+ ! grave/ conc]n to ! ma/] m9ds ( ! _w4 ,) population increas+ & food supply dim9i%+ ! gaunt spect] ( fam9e is creep+ clos] & clos] to ! homes ( m5 ev5 9 our own favor$ l&4 ,hung] kn[s no armi/ice4 ,x conqu]s amid ! sn[drifts ( ! ,nor?1 :]e ! gr& army ( ,napoleon f\nd its w9d+ %eet4 ,x conqu]s amid ! burn+ s&s ( ! s\? :]e ! phalanx ( ,alex&] halt$ 9 mut9y4 ,away ) su* nons5se z ov]production 9 discuss+ ?is ! *oice/ food product ev] giv5 by a graci\s ,god to a hungry _w4 ,! ideas ( ye/]day d n fit ! ideals ( today4 ,:5 conditions %ift op9ions mu/ be adju/$ accord+ly & ! pione] gr[]s are ab\t to realize _! gold5 dreams & reap _! rew>d1 = _! or*>ds are com+ into be>+ & yield+ tons ( beautiful br[n nuts = :i* !y f9d a ready sale at prices rang+ f #ej c5ts to #ge c5ts p] p\nd & at ev5 high] prices = extra fancy /ock4 ,no d\bt _m extravagant /atem5ts h be5 made ab\t ! pecan indu/ry b :y exagg]ate :5 ! pla9 tru? /agg]s ! reason8 ,:y draw on ! imag9ation :5 reputable gr[]s 9 ! ,albany ,di/rict c]tify to returns to non-resid5t own]s ( #cjj p] acre 9 a s+le season4 ,?is is "o infant indu/ry t w n cry = a protective t>iff4 ,nev] w ,capitol ,hill res\nd ) ! eloqu5t plea ( "s /atesman urg+ t ! s\!rn pap] %ell pecan indu/ry be protect$ by a t>iff wall4 ,! pap] %ell pecan is ! horticultural triumph ( ! ages ! gift ( a graci\s ,god :o no d\bt c\ld b nev] did produce a f9] nut & :o 9 8 inscrutable wisdom gave a natural monopoly 9 its culture to ! l[] cotton belt = no :]e else on ! habitable globe does x rea* ! p]fection atta9$ !re4 ,! ,mississippi ,valley has be5 call$ ! cradle ( ! pecan indu/ry & ,georgia its nurs]y4 ,almo/ all ! /&>d v>ieties ( pecans h come f ! l[] ,mississippi ,valley1 ,jackson c\nty1 ,miss41 p]haps lead+ ! procession z %e is ! "m ( no less ?an twelve ( ! /&>d v>ieties n[ fruit+ 9 ?\s&s ( or*>ds mak+ heavy ! pockets & light ! he>ts ( z _m own]s4 ,s\?we/ ,georgia has monopoliz$ ! pecan nurs]y bus9ess4 ,giv5 ,albany1 ,georgia z a c5t] & scribe a circle ) a sixty mile radius & y h inclos$ ! area f :i* #ij ( all pecan nurs]y /ock has come4 ,?is circle includes ,monticello1 ,florida1 :i* probably is entitl$ to ! honor ( hav+ gr[n a great] am\nt ( pecan nurs]y /ock ?an any o!r "o community4 ,texas produces ! bulk ( ! pecan crop well in=m$ m5 /at+ t n9e-t5?s ( ! pecans come f ! ,lone ,/> ,/ate4 ,?is may be correct b practically all ,texas pecans are se$l+s & :ile "s are ( real m]it ! bulk ( ! ,texas crop goes to ! crack]ies4 ,! pecan belt r\ghly speak+ is ! l[] cotton belt & includes 9 a g5]al way ! s\!rn "p ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 nor? ,florida1 ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 ,l\isiana & p>ts ( ,texas & ,oklahoma4 ,! pap] %ell pecan gr[s to p]fection 9 ?is limit$ area & n[h]e else b all v>ieties d n ?rive alike 9 ! diff]5t sections & ! gr[]s h long s9ce le>n$ ?is & h elim9at$ ! cumb]]s ( ! gr\nd & replant$ ) ^? v>ieties adapt$ to t t]ritory4 ,to successfully develop a pecan or*>d requires money1 bra9s & ev]la/+ bull-dog det]m9ation = ! lean ye>s ) all go+ out & no?+ com+ 9 try ! pati5ce & te/ ! n]ve ( ! /\te/ man4 ,9 pecan gr[+ ev5 z 9 love-mak+ fa9t he>t ne'er won fair lady4 ,:ile ! k+dom ( ! pecan /ret*es f ,*>le/on to ! ,rio ,gr&e1 ! seat ( gov]nm5t ! capital city is ,albany1 ,georgia1 = 9 ! *>m$ circle kn[n z ! ,albany di/rict is to be f\nd a great] numb] ( cultivat$ pap] %ell pecan trees ?an 9 all ! _w besides4 ,"h x is t abundant nor!rn capital appli$ to s\!rn soil & sun%9e has made ! des]t to blossom l ! rose4 ,"h x is t ab&on$ f>ms sc>r$ ) gullies & ov] gr[n ) bri> h be5 t\*$ z ) a magic w& & trans=m$ into a v]itable fairyl& ( fl[] g>d5s & f]tile fields dott$ ) hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( beautiful pecan trees t lift _! maje/ic heads t[>ds ! sky z ?\gh pr\d ( _! royal l9eage4 ,"h x is t ! ,mexican boll weevil be=e ^: blight+ brea? our sn[y fields ( cotton melt$ ov] night br\ght no t]ror = ,k+ ,cotton no long] reigns supreme4 ,! k+ is dead b ! p rejoice z ! scept] falls f 8 n]veless h& & a new mon>* asc5ds ! ?rone4 ,millions ( royal bann]s flutt] 9 ! breeze gli/5+ gre5 ) promise = ! future & hope is high1 & ! he>ts ( ! p light z !y ga!r to pay homage to ! new mon>*1 ,h] ,imp]ial ,maje/y ! ,pap] ,%ell ,pecan4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,we n[ h arriv$ at ! "t :5 we %\ld g ahead ) "s ( our bus9ess "w & probably ! fir/ ?+ we %\ld take up is ! report ( ! committee on nom9ations4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,y\r nom9at+ committee reg>ds x z especially =tunate t ! association has a bo>d ( (fic]s s well equipp$ z is ! "o "u :i* ! organization has j complet$ ano!r ye>4 ,= t reason & also because 9 a s+le ye> (fic]s c sc>cely put into effect plans !y may h 9 view1 ! presid5t especially be+ ( necessity engag$ l>gely 9 becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! field & ! memb]%ip2 y\r committee recomm5ds ! re-election ( ! pres5t (fic]s3 ,presid5t1 ,wm4 ,s4 ,l9ton1 ,mi*igan2 ,vice-,presid5t1 ,james ,s4 ,mc,glennon1 ,new ,york2 ,treasur]1 ,will>d ,g4 ,bixby1 ,n4 ,y42 ,secret>y1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+1 ,connecticut1 & ! executive committee z at pres5t compos$4 ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association has rea*$ ! /age ( advocat+ /rongly ! plant+ ( nut trees ( ! k9ds ! ,association has inve/igat$4 ,roadside plant+ appe>s to (f] an imm$iate field = activity & ,presid5t ,l9ton's lead]%ip by reason ( 8 special int]e/ & activity 9 ?is field is p>ticul>ly ne$$ dur+ ! com+ ye> :5 ?r\gh ! urg+ ( ?is & o!r societies x is expect$ _m /ates w foll[ ,mi*igan 9 ! matt] ( roadside tree plant+4 ,we believe x w\ld be a matt] ( p>ticul> satisfaction to any nom9at+ committee ( ?is association 7z x is ( ?is committee7 to recomm5d cont9uation 9 (fice ( ,treasur] ,bixby & ,secret>y ,dem+4 7,sign$7 ,,ralph ,t4 ,,olcott ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage ,,rob]t ,t4 ,,morris ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$ ,c4 ,p4 ,,close ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i move ! adoption ( ! report & t ! secret>y be in/ruct$ to ca/ ! entire vote ( ! association 9 support ( ! report ( ! committee4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i second ! motion4 ,! motion 0 c>ri$4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,ladies & g5tlem54 ,:5 ,i />t$ = ,wa%+ton x 0 ) ! det]m9ation t ano!r %\ld succe$ me z presid5t ( ! association ! "o reason be+ t my "t _h be5 s occupi$ dur+ ! pa/ ye> t x seem$ impossible = me to g ahead ) ! "w z x %\ld be done z presid5t ( ?is organization4 ,n[ ,i am go+ to accept ! election :i* y h s k9dly conf]r$ & ,i am do+ x = two reasons4 ,i l ! association & ! memb]%ip ( ?is organization4 ,i feel = ! o!r reason t my "w has n be5 complet$ & ,i desire to f9i% x4 ,n[ !n y %\ld h y\r memb]%ip d\bl$4 ,e la/ memb] ( ! organization %\ld put =? ef=ts ?is ye> t[>ds t end4 ,"h is "o plan t ,i h "u way4 ,i ask$ ! faculty ( our agricultural college at ,lans+ if !y w\ld und]take to supply me ) ! names ( ^? :o h nut trees 9 ,mi*igan n ! ord9>y k9d b ^? produc+ good nuts & 9 pl5ty4 ,i h ! names ( f fifty to "o hundr$ ( ^? m5 own+ p]haps a ?\s& good nut trees4 ,i d n believe t !re is "o ( ^? m5 b w\ld become a memb] ( ?is association if ! matt] 7 prop]ly pres5t$ to him4 ,we h 9 ,mi*igan #a1ejj t[n%ips or m4 ,n[ we h a way ( rea*+ ! sup]visors ( ^? t[n%ips ?r\gh "s ( our dep>tm5ts & we c practically take a c5sus ( ! nut be>+ trees 9 ,mi*igan s t in/ead ( hav+ f fifty to "o hundr$ names "h we %\ld h sev]al hundr$4 ,really #ge p] c5t ( ^? m5 %\ld be memb]s ( ?is association4 ,n[ :at we hope to d ?is ye> 9 ,mi*igan ,i feel c be done 9 e o!r /ate t is int]e/$ 9 our p>ticul> "w4 ,i want to ask y\r co-op]ation y :o live 9 o!r /ates to assi/ 9 do+ x4 ,!n :5 we meet a ye> h5ce ,i hope x may be some:]e 9 ! c5tral ,we/4 ,y honor$ our /ate la/ ye> ) ! annual meet+4 ,( c\rse we w\ld l to h y !re aga94 ,y are welcome4 ,we w\ld be glad to receive y b ,mi*igan has be5 ?us honor$ & ,i imag9e t x w\ld add to our =ce 9 o!r sections to hold ! meet+ else:]e1 9 ,ill9ois or ,i[a or p]haps ev5 a little fur!r we/4 ,"s associations are n[ meet+ 9 ,yell[/one ,p>k & if we %\ld g !re we w\ld h ! /ates ( ,idaho1 ,montana1 ,utah & ,wyom+4 ,we %\ld get memb]%ip 9 all ( ^? /ates4 ,! place ( ! next meet+ ,i ?9k is v important4 ,n[ ,i ?9k ,i h pla9ly /at$ my position 9 ! matt] & ,i am go+ to try to s]ve y ano!r ye>4 ,i hope t at ! end ( t ye> we w h our memb]%ip at lea/ d\bl$4 ,let u try & treble x4 ,i ?ank y4 7,applause74 ,! next subject "u discussion !n w be ! place ( meet+4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,! by-laws say t ! place = ! next meet+ %all be select$ by ! conv5tion assembl$ or 9 ! ev5t ( failure 9 t by ! executive committee4 ,sometimes we h done x "o way & sometimes ! o!r4 ,! prop] ?+ to d ,i ?9k is = ! advocates ( ! diff]5t localities to n[ pres5t _! attractions4 ,,mr4 ,,pom]oy3 ,our vice-presid5t :5 he left ask$ me to sugge/ ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,:ile at ,ro*e/] ,niag>a c\nty is only a %ort automobile or trolley ride away4 ,9 ,niag>a c\nty are q a good _m walnut trees 9 be>+4 ,,mr4 ,,ru%3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i invite ?is association to conv5e next ye> 9 ,lanca/] ,city1 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,we c %[ y a v prosp]\s nut nurs]y & "s "y be>+ walnut trees & ,h>risburg & o!r places ( int]e/4 ,i am satisfi$ t y c n meet at a m conv5i5t place ?an ,lanca/] ,city4 ,!re=e ,i ext5d ! association a he>ty invitation4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,i w\ld l to he> f ,mr4 ,re$ z to ! attractions ( ! ea/]n %ore ( ,m>yl&4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,!re are sev]al places1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 :]e ,i wi% y might g next ye>4 ,"o ( ^? places is ! ea/]n %ore ( ,m>yl&4 ,z ,i told y la/ ye> ,i reg>d ! ea/]n %ore ( ,m>yl& z "o ( ! promis+ places ( ! :ole ,ea/ = ! developm5t ( nut or*>d+ & ,i f9d !re a great deal ( lat5t int]e/ & a great deal to see4 ,i am a little disappo9t$ t we h n "s repres5tatives "h at ?is meet+ f ! ea/]n %ore4 ,i am sure t if we %\ld decide to g !re we w\ld be receiv$ ) en?usiasm & we w\ld be %[n some?+ t w\ld be q a surprise to mo/ ( u4 ,!n ano!r place t ,i w\ld l to h consid]$ = "s meet+ 9 ! ne> future is ! middle ,we/4 ,! ,pr(essor ( ,horticulture 9 ,miss\ri is a w>m p]sonal fri5d ( m9e a classmate ( m9e 9 college1 & he is v en?usia/ic ab\t ! possibilities ( nut culture 9 t /ate4 ,he is wait+ to be told or %[n h[ to g ahead1 & if we 7 to g out !re ,i am sure he w\ld foll[ ! lead if we set ! pace4 ,he w\ld take hold & pu% ! nut indu/ry 9 t section4 ,9 t same neighborhood is ! or*>d t ,mr4 ,bixby told u ab\t ! *e/nut or*>d ( ,mr4 ,riehl ( "o or two ?\s& *e/nut trees plant$ on hillsides t h nev] be5 pl[$ & :i* are giv+ ,mr4 ,riehl a v lucrative income4 ,mr4 ,riehl is #hc ye>s old & is n go+ to live always4 ,we c]ta9ly ought to see t place :ile he is !re4 ,we h no invitation out !re & none f ! ea/]n %ore & ,i am always 9 favor ( go+ :]e we h an invitation4 ,x w\ld be my feel+ 9 view ( ! pres5t situation t we accept "o ( ! invitations t h already be5 giv5 to u4 ,,mr4 ,,ru%3 ,we met once 9 ,lanca/] ab\t eight ye>s ago b at t "t we _h little to %[4 ,we _h no nut nurs]y ( any consequ5ce at all & no be>+ walnut trees at t "t4 ,n[ we h !m 9 _! prime4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i w\ld l v mu* to g to bo? places1 ! ones describ$ by ,mr4 ,pom]oy & by ,mr4 ,ru%4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i w\ld l to say t we 7 at ,ro*e/] ?ree ye>s aft] ,lanca/] & ,i ?9k ,lanca/] is entitl$ to x if y take "t into consid]ation4 ,i ?9k ,lanca/] is entitl$ to ! meet+ n[4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i move t we accept ! invitation ( ,mr4 ,ru% & ,mr4 ,jones to meet 9 ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania next ye>4 ,i am go+ to c\ple ) t ano!r motion :i* y c consid] if y desire & t is t we fix ! "t ( meet+4 ,i ?9k t r important4 ,i ?9k !re are _m reasons = x4 ,^! meet+s are att5d$ by _m p :o mu/ "k z f> 9 advance z possible4 ,q a good _m p take t\r+ trips ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates & if !y "k :5 ^! meet+s are go+ to be held !y w\ld be v glad to "t !mselves to be at t po9t at t p>ticul> "t4 ,= example a few ye>s ago :5 we _h a meet+ "h ,mr4 ,gron] t\r$ "h f ,oregon & tim$ 8 trip to be "h4 ,lat] he tim$ 8 trip to be at ! national meet+ at ,mobile1 ,alabama4 ,x is v important because we all take vacations & we h to make our vacation arrangem5ts 9 advance4 ,x seems to me t ! "t w\ld be fix$ n[ in/ead ( lett+ x lie ov] & f9ally select ! wrong "t4 ,i !re=e move t we accept ! invitation ( ! g5tlem5 f ,lanca/] & !n t we fix ! "t4 ,,pr(4 ,,close3 ,i second ! motion4 ,! motion 0 unanim\sly c>ri$4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i w\ld l to make a sugge/ion 9 reg>d to ! date4 ,!re are two purposes t we h 9 m9d4 ,"o to see ?+s gr[+ & ano!r to see ! product4 ,we c h>dly d bo? ! same ye>4 ,?is ye> we h se5 ?+s gr[+4 ,we h _h almo/ a summ] meet+ & x seems to me t unless ! local folks :o h invit$ u to ,lanca/] %\ld disagree we might well af=d to h our next meet+ a ,decemb] meet+4 ,!n we c see nuts4 ,we c discuss nuts !mselves4 ,i w\ld make t motion t our meet+ be ! second week 9 ,decemb] ! ,w$nesday & ,?ursday ( ! second week 9 ,decemb]1 #aiba4 ,,! ,,treasur]3 ,w\ld n ! prime object 9 go+ to ,lanca/] be to see ?+s gr[8 ,w\ldn't x be difficult if n impossible to really accompli% t by a ,decemb] meet+8 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i ?9k a w9t] meet+ might j u well be held 9 ,new ,york or ,baltimore or ,wa%+ton4 ,i d n agree ) ,mr4 ,re$4 ,if ,i g to ,lanca/] ,i w\ld g to see ?+s4 ,i w5t up !re "o ,decemb] & ne>ly froze4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,we c\ld split ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two4 ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,jones & ,mr4 ,ru% %\ld be consult$ 9 ! matt]4 ,,mr4 ,,ru%3 ,i ?9k x w\ld be important to h x ! same week z ! ,york ,fair z !y h ! reputation ( nev] hav+ any ra9 & ?is is a v good "t ( ! ye> to h an exhibition4 ,y see ! f9e crops & ev]y?+ :i* is agricultural & horticultural4 ,& ano!r ?+ 9 connection ) ?is we c see ! hazels on ! bu%es at ?is "t ( ! ye>4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i move t we meet ab\t ?is "t next ye>4 ,,mr4 ,,ru%3 ,i ?9k ?is week 9 #aiba4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,9 ord] to get ! matt] be=e ! meet+ ,i move t ! conv5tion next ye> meet at ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania on ! ,?ursday & ,friday ( ! fir/ week 9 ,octob]4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i second ! motion4 ,! motion 0 unanim\sly c>ri$4 ,,presid5t ,,l9ton3 ,be=e clos+ ,i want to call to y\r recognition a k9dly act t ,i "k w please y all4 ,ye/]day :ile we 7 hav+ our pictur$ tak5 ,i lo/ ?is package ( pap]s4 ,today x has be5 return$ to me by two boy sc\ts4 ,f :at ,i "k ( t organization ,i d n believe t !re is any?+ do+ ! boy any m good ?an _! tra9+4 ,i am int]e/$ 9 a =ty-acre piece ( l& on ,lawton ,lake1 ,mi*igan1 on :i* ?is ye> we p]mitt$ ! boy sc\ts to camp4 ,i foll[$ _! tra9+ some:at to asc]ta9 :at x 04 ,i 0 9 camp ) !m two or ?ree days & le>n$ t x is a tra9+ t is do+ ! boys ( ! c\ntry a lot ( good4 ,_! motto z ,i und]/& x is to d good or to be ( s]vice to o!rs4 ,^! two lads t br\ght ?is package to me refus$ to receive any comp5sation :atev]4 ,!y are ! two :o h tramp$ f ,new ,york ,city to ,san ,francisco & are n[ on _! way back4 ,if ^! boys or _! organization ev] get int]e/$ 9 our movem5t 9 ! plant+ ( nuts ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry we w be glad to help !m4 ,,pr(4 ,,close3 ,!re is "o committee ^: report has n be5 call$ = & = ! sake ( ! record ,i presume x might bett] be (f]$4 ,t is ! audit+ committee4 ,! committee 0 compos$ ( ,messrs4 ,re$ & ,close & we desire to say t ! report ( ! treasur] has be5 scrut9iz$ v c>efully & we are n able to detect any mi/akes4 ,! balance 9 ! treasury is #ge4bf2 total receipts includ+ ! am\nt on h& at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #fff4dh2 total exp5ditures #eia4bb1 leav+ a balance 9 ! treasury ( #ge4bf4 ,,! ,,treasur]3 ,i want to (f] a resolution t ,article ,,iii ( ! by-laws on ,memb]%ip :i* n[ reads1 ,all annual memb]%ips %all beg9 ) ! fir/ day ( ! cal5d> qu>t] foll[+ ! date ( ! association be am5d$ to read1 ,t all annual memb]%ips %all beg9 ) ! fir/ day ( su* cal5d> mon? z %all be agre$ ^u4 ,n[ ,i w tell y :y ,i ask t4 ,mo/ ( ! memb]%ips are comb9$ ) ! subscription to ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal4 ,9 _m in/ances ! new memb]s h reque/$ t _! subscription to ! j\rnal be dat$ back "o or two mon?s = ! sake ( gett+ "o or twp numb]s ( ! j\rnal4 ,9 "s in/ances !y are already subscrib]s to ! j\rnal & !y want to *ange x to make x come ! same "t4 ,i (f] t am5dm5t to ! by-laws4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,i move t ! *ange be made4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i second ! motion4 ,! motion 0 c>ri$4 ,,! ,,treasur]3 ,"h is ano!r ?+ ,i ?9k is a matt] ( a good deal ( importance4 ,!re has be5 spok5 ( two or ?ree times dur+ ! day ! great progress :i* is likely to be made 9 sy/ematic hybridization ( nuts4 ,x has come to my k rec5tly t ! ,arnold ,arboretum is seek+ to e/abli% a regul> plant bre$+ dep>tm5t4 ,!y h gr[+ on _! gr\nds ! greate/ collection ( trees & %rubs t w gr[ 9 t section t c be f\nd any:]e 9 ! c\ntry4 ,i want to (f] a resolution z foll[s3 ,,:]eas x is ! firm belief ( ! ,association t "o ( ! mo/ hopeful s\rces ( obta9+ nuts bett] ?an we n[ h is by c>efully plann$ & execut$ "w ( hybridization1 & ,,:]eas su* "w1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( ! sl[] develop+ nuts1 su* = example z ! hickories1 w require ! un9t]rupt$ c>ry+ out ( c>efully plann$ "w = a long s]ies ( ye>s1 & ,,:]eas ! ,arnold ,arboretum1 ( ,jamaica ,pla91 ,mass41 has on its gr\nds a great] collection ( ! trees & %rubs f all p>ts ( ! _w t w gr[ 9 t location ?an c be f\nd any:]e else 9 ! c\ntry1 includ+ a l>ge numb] ( hickories ( v>i\s species 9 be>+1 & ,,:]eas ! ,arnold ,arboretum is n[ assembl+ on its gr\nds ! v>i\s propagat$ nut trees1 & has express$ its int5tion ( cont9u+ ?is "w & ( includ+ all v>ieties t x may be able to obta9 ( ^? hickory trees notable = any "o quality & :i* may promise to be valuable = hybridiz+ purposes1 & ,,:]eas ! ,arnold ,arboretum is desir\s ( e/abli%+ a regul> plant bre$+ dep>tm5t :]e nut trees1 p>ticul>ly hickories1 z well z trees valuable = timb] purposes1 fl[]s1 etc41 may be br$1 &1 9 ord] to provide = ! un9t]rupt$ c>ry+ out ( ?is "w is seek+ to raise an end[m5t1 be x h]eby ,,resolv$3 ,t ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association assembl$ 9 ! ,city ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ?is #h? day ( ,octob] 9 ! ye> #aibj he>tily endorses ?is purpose ( ! ,arnold ,arboretum z "o likely to promote ! acquisition ( f9] nuts ?an we n[ h1 & urges all p]sons able to d s to aid 9 any way possible4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i move t we adopt t resolution4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,i second ! motion4 ,! motion 0 c>ri$ unanim\sly4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,if !re is no?+ be=e ! body at ?is "t ,i w decl>e ! elev5? annual session clos$4 ,,app5dix ,f ,c4 ,k4 ,sob]1 ,lewisburg1 ,pa43 ,my be>+ *e/nut trees1 mo/ ( !m1 h gone out b 9 ! #dj acres ( *e/nut nurs]y /ock ,i f9d !re are ?\s&s ( trees t seem to be immune f ! blight up to ?is "t4 ,:ile !y /& "r beside trees 9 ! nurs]y t h di$ f blight yet !re is n a spot on !m4 ,f ,w4 ,o4 ,pott]1 ,m>ion1 ,ill9ois3 ,i am putt+ =? e ef=t to develop a nut or*>d "h 9 s\!rn ,ill9ois ! l ( :i* w n be excell$ 9 ?is /ate4 ,my pecans are do+ nicely4 ,i h five acres already set to budd$ trees & fifte5 acres plant$ to se$l+s :i* ,i hope to bud next ye>4 ,i h budd$ *e/nuts1 black walnuts & almo/ all v>ieties ( nuts t w gr[ "h 9 ! ,nor?4 ,i am us+ filb]ts = fill]s among my pecans4 ,i h j h>ve/$ my fir/ crop ( filb]ts f my exp]im5tal g>d5 "h 9 t[n & my bu%es at ,halcyon ,frunut ,g>d5s 7?is is ! "n ( my nut f>m7 are gr[+ nicely & "s h catk9s = next ye>'s crop4 ,! filb]ts t ,i h j h>ve/$ 7 borne f ?ree ,cos=d bu%es ( ! ,fr5* /ra94 ,i h "s ,g]man /ra9 t ,i receiv$ f ,mr4 ,mc,glennon t are full ( catk9s = next ye>4 ,i _h "s pecans to bloom la/ spr+1 b !y fail$ to set any nuts4 ,i h ab\t a peck f two budd$ ,?omas black walnut trees t are f\r & five ye>s old4 ,i h "o ,/abl] t has two nuts on x n[ only ?ree ye>s f transplant4 ,my ,ru% se$l+ *9quap9 t bore la/ ye> has only ab\t six nuts on x ?is ye> b !y h n yet matur$4 ,i hope "s day to h a nut or*>d t w be ! %[ place ( s\!rn ,ill9ois & !n ,i w invite ! association to h an annual meet+ "h & at my f>m4 ,f ,g4 ,h4 ,corsan1 ,toronto1 ,canada3 ,?is "t ,i c say t my trees nev] look$ s well4 ,all pass$ ?r\gh la/ w9t] & ! t]rible w9t] ( ?ree ye>s ago4 ,my li/ consi/s ( ! foll[+3 ,con/ant9ople hazelnuts1 ,k5t filb]ts1 ,man*urian juglans regia1 ,jap he>t nuts1 ,pom]oy juglans regia1 ,canadian se$ juglans regia1 common native *e/nuts1 ,col4 ,sob]'s p>agon *e/nuts1 ca/anea cr5ata4 ,! *e/nuts gr[ a foot m f all t]m9al bran*es1 n a twig w9t]-kill$4 ,con/ant9ople hazelnuts grew two feet f all t]m9al bran*es & n a bud w9t]-kill$4 ,k5t filb]ts kill$ back "s bran*es1 o!rs did n1 grew well ?is summ] f #a-a_/b feet to a y>d4 ,!re is a huge crop ( ,pom]oy p>agon *e/nuts on my trees ?is ye>4 ,no blight ne> me1 z ?ank heav5 ! f>m]s ar\nd me are too /upid to plant *e/nut trees & 9 fact no f>m] ev] plant$ a nut tree ) two exceptions )9 #bj miles ( me4 ,b "o f>m] by "n ( ,&]son plant$ a mile ( black walnuts along ! roadside #ge ye>s ago4 ,^! trees are load$ ) nuts & boys j n[ & !y rea* away up high] ?an ! talle/ phone wire 7t is ! l[e/ bran*es d74 ,all juglans regias grew a y>d f ea* t]m9al bud4 ,my ,pom]oys aft] kill+ back = sev]al ye>s h at la/ got a real good />t & are go+ to live & be>4 ,:5 ,i see a blui% t+e to ! leaf ( juglans regia1 toge!r ) a smoo? glossy leaf1 n too long--hav+ #g & n #ag leaves to ! /alk--& hav+ a v :ite grey b>k1 !n ,i "k t ! nut w be ,,extra good1 & ?\gh t type ( tree is a bit t5d] & requires wat] 9 ! e>ly & mid-dry summ]1 z well z h>d wood a%es1 lime & *ick5 manure 9 ! late fall1 ?is is ! tree t on ! nor? aide ( ,lake ,ont>io :]e ,i am n[ "s day w be> & rip5 real nuts4 ,my grapes & pea*es rip5 well ?is fall1 ?\gh we z all o!rs _h a late spr+ & my ,indiana & ,i[a pecans actually grew #b feet f t]m9al buds4 ,7 ,i an old man ( #hj ,i w\ld plant nut trees to ! exclusion ( e o!r "w4 ,fir/1 ,i w\ld be gr[+ a crop ( food #aej ye>s aft] my dea?4 ,second1 ,i believe t e man :o has vitality to live ov] #hj has be5 a bad man 9 8 y\? & he owes x to ! _w4 ,?ird1 x is a heal?y occupation1 /oop+ d[n & digg+ & takes ! ru/ & poisons out ( ! sy/em4 ,f\r?1 !re is a joy see+ ! leaves & bran*es gr[ ! next summ] & 9 old age "o mu/ fe$ & take joy f ! eye & e> m & m & less & less f ! m\? & /oma*4 ,fif?1 x is n at all an unreasonable supposition t z a boy aga9 ,i may be climb+ ! same trees t ,i plant$4 ,& if ,i "k = c]ta9 t ,i w\ld n be !n "s o!r boy w take my place4 ,! salvation ( ! future is m & m food f trees & less & less f animal s\rces4 ,! day is fa/ pass+ :5 ! f>m consi/s ( a tobacco b>n1 a pig p51 a c[ /able & a h5n]y4 ,f liv+ ^u a badly select$ type ( food we fe> ! flu & o!r diseases4 ,no disease w ev] come out ( a nut tree4 ,b we are a lot ( fools & blame ! absolutely innoc5t cucumb] = :at a vile mixture ( salt & v9eg> does to u & ?us ^! same asses w say1 t nuts are unheal?y & we pay a billion doll>s out e ?ree mon?s to h ! d5ti/s fix our tee? t nev] receive any nut gr9d+ ex]cise6 ,f ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,lanca/]1 ,pa43 ,i expect z y d t !re w be no ne$ ( mu* room = ! conv5tion4 ,! fact is t )\t any comm]cial nut plant+ 9 ! t]ritory cov]$ by ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association x is rem>kable t !re has be5 z mu* int]e/ z !re is4 ,i happ5 to "k t ! s\!rn pecan 7,national7 ,association 0 kept go+ by ! nurs]ies d[n !re = a good _m ye>s1 or l>gely by !m1 & )\t ! comm]cial plant+ ( ! pecan !re ,i d n ?9k ! ,association w\ld h kept go+ v long ev5 if x _h be5 f\nd$4 ,i believe ev5tually !re w be "s int]e/ 9 comm]cial plant+ nor? b x w g pretty sl[ & be aft] our "t ,i judge4 ,9 comm]cial plant+ ,i mean plant+s ( n less ?an t5 acres4 ,i occasionally sell ord]s ( #ej & ev5 #ajj trees1 b !y are usually scatt]$ z to k9ds & v>ieties ( nuts & evid5tly design$ to te/ out on a fair scale ! m]its ( ! diff]5t nuts4 ,a man 0 "h a few days ago & gave me an ord] = ne>ly a hundr$ black walnut trees4 ,he has be5 plant+ = sev]al ye>s1 />t+ ) a half doz5 trees ?ree or f\r ye>s ago & reports ! trees do+ f9e4 ,i presume y c\ld call 8 plant+ ?is ye> a small comm]cial plant+ z t is :at he has 9 m9d4 ,! boom 9 plant+ fruit trees has tak5 "s int]e/ away f nut plant+ & ?is w cont9ue z long z fruit is sell+ well4 ,f ,t4 ,c4 ,tuck]1 ,sail ,francisco1 ,ca43 ,y\r program = ! approa*+ meet+ ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 :i* has j rea*$ me1 is a mo/ int]e/+ "o4 ,x is ) regret t ,i f9d ,i %all n be able to be ) y4 ,?is is %ipp+ season = ! ,cali=nia ,almond ,indu/ry & my pres5ce "h at ?is "t is imp]ative4 ,:ile ?r\gh ! ,cali=nia ,almond ,gr[]s ,ex*ange ,i h = "s "t be5 a memb] ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 ,i h n z yet _h ! pleasure ( meet+ ) y1 b ,i want to ext5d y a cordial invitation to visit ,cali=nia & ,i hope t at "s future date a conv5tion ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association w be held 9 ?is /ate4 ,"h1 z nut gr[]s1 y w f9d mu* ( int]e/4 ,?is is ! only /ate 9 ! ,union produc+ almonds comm]cially4 ,our #aiai crop 0 wor? approximately #d1jjj1jjj4jj & repres5t$ #gjjj tons ( nuts4 ,"h 9 ?is /ate we also produce ! ,cali=nia ,walnuts :i* 9 #aiai br\ght a return ( approximately #bj1jjj1jjj4jj4 ,bo? ( ^! indu/ries are 9 _! infancy1 p>ticul>ly is ?is true ( ! almond4 ,x is e/imat$ t !re are #ajj1jjj acres 9 ,cali=nia plant$ to almonds1 ! major portion ( :i* is non-be>+4 ,we are n[ prep>+ = ! future ?r\gh an en]getic sales campaign & by mak+ plans = manufactur+ by us+ almonds 9 new & attractive prep>ations4 ,9 #aiai1 ! ,cali=nia ,almond ,gr[]s ,ex*ange1 a non-pr(it association ( #chjj f>m]s1 sp5t approximately #bjh1jjj4jj = ,national ,adv]tis+ & ! exp5diture 9 #aiaj w exce$ a qu>t] ( a million doll>s4 ,?is is done n only to sell ! crops ( #aiai & #aibj advantage\sly1 b to educate ! consum] up to ! high food value ( ! almond & incid5tally to lay a sub/antial f\ndation = future bus9ess4 ,we believe t ! outlook = ! ,cali=nia ,almond is promis+1 b x is only z promis+ z ! gr[]s co-op]ate to t end4 ,we believe t by a /rong association ( gr[]s1 quality & grades c be improv$1 di/ribution wid5$ & ! public made acqua9t$ ) ! value ( our product ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our adv]tis+4 ,we are also tak+ up at ?is "t ! cultural "q endeavor+ to elim9ate ! undesirable v>ieties & improve ^? :i* are comm]cially pr(itable4 ,we h "s eighty odd v>ieties ( almonds 9 ?is /ate1 _m ( :i* are n kn[n comm]cially4 ,y w ?us see t we h q a problem 9 cultural l9es4 ,! pr9cipal object ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 ,i believe1 is ! diffusion ( k on cultural que/ions1 b a ^w ( co-op]ative m>ket+ may n be amiss4 ,our inve/igations h %[n t = tw5ty-five ye>s be=e ! w> ,nonp>eil ,almonds 7our highe/ pric$ v>iety7 retail$ at ab\t #cj;c p] p\nd4 ,! gr[] receiv$ f #g;c to #aj;c p] p\nd1 ! av]age be+ close to #h;c4 ,?is 0 be=e ! association 0 =m$4 ,aft] ! association 0 organiz$1 ! gr[] receiv$1 ?r\gh co-op]ative m>ket+ & by ! elim9ation ( speculation & wa/e 9 di/ribution1 a range ( f #ad;c to #bj;c = ,nonp>eils ) an av]age ( approximately #af;c :ile ! price to ! consum] rema9$ ab\t #ce;c4 ,dur+ ! pa/ two ye>s1 ! price to ! consum] has ( c\rse advanc$ to meet ! increase 9 co/ ( transportation1 co/ ( do+ bus9ess & ( production4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! increase 9 price to ! consum] has n kept pace ) ! big increase 9 ! co/ ( production4 ,! po9t ,i wi% to make1 h[ev]1 is t co-op]ative m>ket+ has on ! av]age1 by ! elim9ation ( speculation &1 z be=e said1 by m9imiz+ wa/e 9 di/ribution1 secur$ = ! almond gr[] a liv+ price4 ,we d n believe t ! m>ket+ problems ( ! f>m] w ev] be satisfactorily solv$ until he takes !m up ?r\gh co-op]ative me?ods & solves !m himself4 ,my "w = ! pa/ elev5 ye>s has be5 9 connection ) ! sale ( almonds & ,i am happy to say t :ile our c\ntry is go+ ?r\gh a p]iod ( try+ re-adju/m5t at ! pres5t "t1 ! association has meant to ! almond gr[]s ( ,cali=nia a wond]ful insurance aga9/ loss4 ,! consum]1 too1 has be5 b5efit$ z ?is association has be5 able to lay d[n almonds 9 ! m>kets ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates at a l[] di/ribution co/ ?an w\ld o!rwise h be5 possible4 ,h[ev]1 assum+ t ?is conv5tion is int]e/$ mo/ly 9 cultural que/ions1 ,i %all refra9 f fur!r discuss+ ! m>ket+ problem4 ,let u n h[ev]1 lose sight ( ! fact t x matt]s n :at may be ! quality ( our product if we _c dispose ( x at a pr(it4 ,a satisfactory m>g9 ( pr(it means improv$ v>ieties1 bett] culture1 increas$ yields & bett] satisfi$ produc]s4 ,sci5tific yields & bett] satisfi$ produc]s4 ,sci5tific cultural ef=t1 to a*ieve its highe/ possibilities mu/ inevitably be l9k$ ) comm]cial success4 ,,att5dance ,dr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,cannaday1 ,*>le/on1 ,w4 ,va4 ,conrad ,voll]ts51 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,j4 ,p4 ,beck1 ,sag9aw1 ,mi*igan ,pr(4 ,c4 ,p4 ,close1 ,m>yl& ,b4 ,c4 ,fo/]1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,j4 ,w4 ,rit*it1 ,yonk]s1 ,n4 ,y4 ,dr4 ,g4 ,j4 ,bui/1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$ ,william ,s4 ,l9ton1 ,sag9aw1 ,mi*igan ,w4 ,c4 ,bixby1 ,baldw91 ,n4 ,y4 ,mrs4 ,bixby ,a4 ,s4 ,p]ry1 ,cu?b]t1 ,ga4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+1 ,wilton1 ,conn4 ,r4 ,t4 ,olcott1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,w4 ,r4 ,fickes1 ,woo/]1 ,ohio ,a4 ,c4 ,pom]oy1 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,elam ,g4 ,hess1 ,mannheim1 ,pa4 ,f4 ,e4 ,brooks1 ,fr5* ,creek1 ,w4 ,va4 ,w4 ,n4 ,rop]1 ,pet]sburg1 ,va4 ,mrs4 ,rop] ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,kellogg1 ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*igan ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,miss ,jones ,dr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,curtis1 ,orange ,heights1 ,fla4 ,mrs4 ,curtis ,dr4 ,john ,f4 ,ke551 ,br5twood1 ,m>yl&4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mc,glennon1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,h4 ,c4 ,be/1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,j4 ,e4 ,br[n1 ,elm]1 ,n4 ,j4 ,e4 ,e4 ,reynolds1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,j4 ,g4 ,ru%1 ,we/ ,will[1 ,pa4 ,d4 ,f4 ,cl>k1 ,h>risburg1 ,pa4 ,!odore ,be*tel1 ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss4 ,mrs4 ,be*tel ,miss ,w4 ,m4 ,dai%1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,exhibits ,morris hybrid *9quap9 ,no4 #a--;,f graft set spr+ #aiaj on bu% *9quap9 /ock4 ,a sci5tific cross or hybrid made by ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris ,new ,york ,city4 ,v resi/ant to blight is n blight pro(4 ,has ! fruit+ habit ( ! *e/nut & be>s on v small bu%es or trees4 ,gr[n by ,j4 ,p4 ,jones1 ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,morris hybrid *9quap9 ,no4 #b--;,f grafts set on /ocks ( ! bu% *9quap9 spr+ #aiai4 ,simil> to ,no4 #a4 ,*9ese p9e nuts1 ,p9us arm&i1 f ! m\nta9s ( ,nor? ,*9a4 ,! ,*9ese p9e nuts1 ,p4 arm&i & ,p4 bungeana1 al?\gh n equal to "s ( our own p9e nuts f ! s\!a/]n /ates1 are consid]$ ! be/ & mo/ reliable = ea/]n & nor!rn plant+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,s5t 9 by ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,bu% *9quap9 ,ca/anea pumila1 gr[n by ,j4 ,f4 ,jones4 ,bran*es ( ord9>y wild nuts4 #bd plates hazels or filb]ts gr[n by ,c>l ,voll]ts51 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,n9e v>ieties ,j4 regia1 peanuts1 hazels & ,weick] %ellb>ks1 gr[n by ,j4 ,g4 ,ru%1 ,we/ ,will[1 ,pa4 #bc plates & v>ieties ( ! s\!rn pecan1 s5t by ,a4 ,s4 ,p]ry1 ,cu?b]t1 ,ga4 ,also collection ( photographs4 ,specim5s ( ! ,beam1 ,beav]1 ,cl>k1 ,manahan1 ,/anley1 ,swaim & ,weick] hickories by ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby1 ,new ,york4 ,miscellane\s nuts by ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+1 ,wilton1 ,conn4 ,l>ge table map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) ! diff]5t nuts gr[n !re9 s plac$ z to %[ _! native habitats4 ,by ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,nut ,culturi/1 ,dept1 ( ,agriculture4 ,specim5s ( ,corylus avellana1 ,montebello ,bysance & o!r nuts by ,dr4 ,david ,fair*ild1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,by ,pr(4 ,c4 ,p4 ,close1 ,college ,p>k1 ,md41 plates ( se$l+ ,j4 regia f ,j4 ,w4 ,smi?1 ,c5t]ville1 ,md4 ,five se$l+ ,j4 regia probably ,mayette f ,s4 ,h4 ,d]by1 ,woodside1 ,del4 ,japanese se$l+ *e/nut f ,j4 ,w4 ,kill51 ,felton1 ,del4 ,! tree on :i* !y grew has nev] blight$4 ,j4 ,sieboldiana f tree set by ,pr(4 ,close 9 #aiaj1 fir/ crop #aibj4 ,native *9quap9s & two v>ieties ( ,dr4 ,van ,fleet's hybrid *9quap9s4 ,major pecans borne 9 #aiai on ?ree ye> graft set by ,pr(4 ,close at ,college ,p>k4 ,a hazel se$l+ f ,new ,j]sey gr[n on f\r ye> old graft4 ,l>ge & good4 ,by ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ( ,new ,york1 plate ( pi/a*e nuts1 #f v>ieties ( hazels1 #a ( black walnuts & "o ( butt]nuts4 ,nut crack] = pecans ( diff]5t sizes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pecans4 ,,engli% ,,walnuts ,,& ,,*e/nut ,,trees ,all v>ieties ( budd$ or graft$1 h>dy nut trees = plant+ 9 nor!rn localities4 ,9 ! s\!rn ,unit$ /ates1 on ! ,pacific ,coa/ & 9 ,europe or*>ds ( nut trees give ! l& a great] value ?an :5 us$ = any o!r crop4 ,nut trees 9 _m sections are ! moat pr(itable crop t c be rais$4 ,plant n[1 be=e ev]yone is do+ x & reap ! success ! pione] nut plant]s 9 o!r sections h done4 ,l>ge/ h>dy nut nurs]ies 9 ,am]ica4 ,s5d = catalog4 ,mc,c,o,y ,,nut ,,nurs]ies #gda ,old ,/ate ,bank ,bldg41 ,,evansville1 ,indiana 99 99 99 99 99 ,,budd$ ,,& ,,graft$ ,,*e/nuts ( be/ v>ieties4 ,no ,blight4 ,also ,,?omas ,,walnut ,e4 ,a4 ,,riehl1 ,,godfrey1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,arr[field ,,nurs]ies ,,pet]sburg1 ,,virg9ia ,pecan trees ( ! h>dy nor!rn v>ieties4 ,unque/ionably w fl\ri% & be> ov] a mu* l>g] area ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an :]e !y are n[ native 9 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 ,ohio1 ,i[a & o!r /ates4 ,s5d = price li/4 ,illu/ration