,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan's ,mak+ ( ,am]ica 
collection47      ,transcrib]'s         
,note4--,italics 9 ! orig9al are r5d]$ z
 und]scores4 ,! lett] 'a' ) a macron is 
%[n z a4 ,greek *>act]s 9 ! orig9al h   
be5 translit]at$ & appe> z ^w4          
,translit]at$ ,hebrew words appe> z     
,,^w1 us+ ! au?or's own translit]ation  
?r\gh\t4 7,= m on ! ,hebrew1 & a li/ (  
errata1 see ! end ( ?is docum5t47       
,no4 #de4                        ,,is   
,,slav]y ,,sanction$ ,,by               
,,! ,,bible8   ,if !re is "o subject    
:i*1 above all o!rs1 may be reg>d$ z (  
national int]e/ at ! pres5t "t1 x is !  
subject ( ,slav]y4 ,:]ev] we g1 nor? or 
s\?1 ea/ or we/1 at ! fireside1 9 !     
factory1 ! rail-c> or ! /eamboat1 9 !   
/ate legislatures or ! national         
,congress1 ?is gho/ t w n d[n obtrudes  
itself4 ,! /rife has involv$ press1     
pulpit1 & =um alike1 & 9 spite ( all    
compromises by political p>ties1 & !    
desp]ate attempts at non-committal by   
religi\s bodies1 x only gr[s wid] &     

deep]4  ,b ! di/9ctive feature ( ?is1 z 
comp>$ ) o!r que/ions ( national import1
 is1 t "h bo? p>ties draw _! pr9cipal   
argum5ts f ! ,bible z a common armory ( 
weapons = attack & def5se4 ,on ! "o     
side1 x is claim$ t slav]y1 z x exi/s 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is n a moral evil2 t x 
is an innoc5t & lawful relation1 z mu* z
 t ( p>5t & *ild1 husb& & wife1 or any  
o!r 9 society2 t ! "r to buy1 sell1 &   
hold m5 = purposes ( ga91 0 giv5 by     
express p]mission ( ,god1 & sanction$ by
 ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les2 t ?is "r is f\nd$ on
 ! gold5 rule2 & says ,dr4 ,%annon (    
,bacon ,college1 ,ky41 ,i h>dly "k :i*  
is mo/ unacc\ntable1 ! pr(\nd ignorance 
( ! ,bible1 or ! sublimity ( cool       
impud5ce & infidelity manife/$ by ^? :o 
pr(ess to be ,*ri/ians2 & yet d>e affirm
 t ! ,book ( ,god gives no sanction to  
slavehold+4 ,all ^! affirmations are    
fairly summ$ up ?us3 ,z slav]y 0        
practic$ by ! patri>*s1 receiv$ sanction
 & legality f ,god 9 ! ,mosaic law1 & 0 
n d5\nc$ by ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les1 x mu/ h  

be5 "r4 ,if "r !n1 x is s /ill2 !re=e   
,s\!rn slav]y is "r4  ,on ! o!r h&1 x is
 cont5d$ t *attel slav]y is n[h]e       
w>rant$ or sanction$ by ! ,bible1 b is  
totally oppos$ bo? to its _s & tea*+s4  
,x w be ! object ( ! pres5t discussion  
to det]m9e :i* ( ^! op9ions is correct4 
,,slav]y ,,def9$4  ,:at1 !n1 is *attel  
slav]y z und]/ood 9 ,am]ican law8  #a4  
,x is n ! relation ( wife or *ild4 ,9 "o
 s5se a man may be said to possess ^!2 b
 he c n buy or sell !m4 ,^! are natural 
relations2 & he :o violates !m = ! sake 
( ga9 is br&$ by all z b>b>\s & crim9al4
  #b4 ,n ! relation ( appr5tice or m9or4
 ,?is is tempor>y1 hav+ = its prim>y    
object1 n ! good ( ! ma/] or gu>dian1 b 
t ( ! appr5tice or m9or1 8 education &  
prep>ation = act+ 8 "p z a free &       
indep5d5t memb] ( society2 b *attelism  
is life bondage1 = ! sole good ( ! ma/]4
  #c4 ,n ! relation ( s]vice by         
contract4 ,"h a bond or agreem5t is     
impli$1 & !re=e reciprocal rights1 & !  
mutual p[] ( dissolution on failure (   

ei!r 9 ! t]ms ( mutual agreem5t2 b      
*attelism ignores & d5ies ! ability ( ! 
slave to make a contract4  #d4 ,n s]fdom
 or ville9age4 ,! s]f or ville9 0 atta*$
 to ! glebe or soil1 & c\ld n be sev]$ f
 x1 depriv$ ( 8 family1 or sold to ano!r
 z a *attel2 be+ reta9$ z "p ( !        
indivisible feudal community4 ,b !      
*attel slave is a ?+ incapable ( family 
relations1 & may be sold :51 :]e1 or h[ 
! ma/] pleases4  ,*attelism is none ( ^!
 relations2 its pr9ciple is prop]ty 9   
man4 ,its def9ition is ?us giv5 9 ! law 
( ,l\isiana1 7,civil ,code1 art4 #ce37  
,a slave is "o :o is 9 ! p[] ( 8 ma/]1  
to :om he belongs4 ,! ma/] may sell him1
 dispose ( 8 p]son1 8 indu/ry1 8 labor2 
he c d no?+1 possess no?+1 acquire no?+1
 b :at mu/ belong to 8 ma/]4  ,s\?      
,c>ol9a says1 7,pr9ce's ,dige/1 #ddf17  
,slaves %all be deem$1 sold1 tak51      
reput$1 & adjudg$ 9 law1 to be *attels  
p]sonal 9 ! h&s ( _! own]s & possessors1
 & _! executors1 adm9i/rators1 &        
assigns1 to all int5ts1 purposes1 &     

con/ructions :atsoev]4  ,judge ,ruff91  
giv+ ! op9ion ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,nor?
 ,c>ol9a1 7case ( ,/ate v4 ,mann17 says 
a slave is "o doom$ 9 8 own p]son & 8   
po/]ity to live )\t k1 & )\t ! capacity 
to make any ?+ 8 own1 & to toil t ano!r 
may reap ! fruits4  ,we n[ come to !    
po9t at issue3 ,does ! ,bible sanction  
?is sy/em8                              
,,old ,,te/am5t4                        
#a4 ,hebrew ,t]ms4  ,! ,hebrew t]ms us$ 
9 ref]5ce to ?is subject are ,,auvadh1  
auvadh1 to s]ve2 ! n\n1 ,,ev$h1 ev$h1   
s]vant or bondman1 "o contract+ s]vice =
 a t]m ( ye>s2 ,,saukir1 saukir1 a hir$ 
s]vant daily or weekly2 ,,aumau1 aumau1 
& ,,%iphe*au1 %iphe*au1 maid-s]vant or  
h&maid2 b !re is no t]m 9 ,hebrew       
synonym\s ) our ^w slave1 = all ! t]ms  
appli$ to s]vants are1 z we %all %[1    
equally applicable & appli$ to free     
p]sons4  ,! v]b ,,auvadh1 auvadh1       
accord+ to ,ges5ius1 signifies prim>ily1
 to labor2 !n1 to labor = "o's self1 =  
hire1 or compulsory labor z a captive or

 prison] ( w>4 ,g54 #b3e1 #ae2 #c3bc2   
#bi3ae4 ,ex4 #bj3i2 #ba3b4 ,next1       
national s]vitude z tribut>y to o!rs2 z 
,sodom & ! cities ( ! pla9 to           
,*$orlaom]1 ,g54 #ad3d2 ,esau to ,jacob1
 ,g54 #be3bc2 ! ,israelites 9 ,canaan to
 surr\nd+ nations1 ,moabites1           
,phili/9es1 & o!rs1 ,judg4 #c3h2 ,j]4   
#bg3g1 #i4 ,next1 national & p]sonal    
s]vitude or s]fdom1 z ( ! ,israelites 9 
,egypt4 ,la/ly1 ! s]vice ( ,god or      
idols1 ,judg4 #c3g1 c4 ,f ^! & simil>   
passages we see t nei!r ! g5]ic nor     
specific mean+ ( ! t]m1 tak5 9 its      
connections1 implies *attel slav]y1 b   
labor1 volunt>y1 hir$1 or compulsory1 z 
( tribut>y nations or prison]s ( w>1 ^: 
claim to rega91 if possible1 _! fre$om &
 rights1 is ev] admitt$ & act$ on2 %[+ t
 fre$om is ! normal /ate ( man1         
subjection & compulsory s]vitude !      
abnormal & unnatural4  ,b x is object$  
t1 ?\gh ! prop] mean+ ( ! v]b to s]ve   
does n imply *attel slav]y1 x is c]ta9 t
 ! d]iv$ n\n ,,ev$h1 ev$h1 translat$    

s]vant & bondman 9 our v]sion1 is       
frequ5tly us$ to designate involunt>y   
s]vitude1 ! s]vice ( "o b\ght ) money1 &
 !re=e a *attel slave4 ,we reply1 ,by f>
 ! mo/ frequ5t use ( ?is t]m1 z is well 
kn[n1 repres5ts ei!r ! common def]5tial 
mode ( address ( inf]iors to sup]iors1  
or equals to equals1 us$ !n & to-day 9 !
 ,ea/1 or ! political subord9ation (    
inf]ior to sup]ior rank inv>iably exi/+ 
9 ,ea/]n gov]nm5ts4 ,o!rwise we h ,jacob
 say+ to ,esau1 ,! *ildr5 :i* ,god ha?  
graci\sly giv5 ?y slave2 & ,joseph's    
bre?r5 say+ to him1 ,?\ said/ to ?y     
slaves1 ,br+ him d[n to me4 ,:5 we came 
up to ?y slave my fa!r4 ,saul's (fic]s &
 soldi]s are 8 slaves1 ,david is        
,jona?an's1 & vice v]sa2 ,abigail1      
,david's wife1 is 8 slave2 8 p1 (fic]s1 
& ev5 embassadors are all 8 slaves2 all 
are slaves to ea* o!r1 & none are ma/]s1
 unless x be ! k+4  ,h[1 !n1 c we       
prop]ly def9e ! mean+ & /atus ( ! t]m   
s]vant 9 any p>ticul> passage8 ,we      
answ]1 only by ! context & ! usage ( !  

p>ticul> "t & place1 s f> z kn[n4       
#b4 ,! ,curse ( ,canaan4  ,we fir/ meet 
) ! t]m s]vant 9 ! (t-disput$ passage1  
,g54 #i3be-bg3 ,curs$ be ,canaan2 a     
s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8      
bre?r54444 ,bless$ be ! ,"l ,god ( ,%em1
 & ,canaan %all be 8 s]vant4 444 ,n[1 z 
we h no /ate ( s]vitude 9 ! context or !
 usage ( ! times ) :i* to comp>e ?is1 & 
z only ,canaan & 8 desc5dants are       
includ$ 9 ! curse1 we mu/ look to _!    
subsequ5t hi/ory = ! fulfillm5t ( !     
prophecy1 & ! k9d ( s]vitude !re impli$4
  ,we f9d ! desc5dants ( ,canaan & _! l&
 def9$ 9 ,g54 #aj3ae-bj4 ,!y 7 n !      
,africans1 z "s ignorantly ass]t1 b !   
,canaanites1 :o dwelt 9 ,canaan1 & 7 !re
 de/roy$ by ! ,israelites1 or r5d]$     
tribut>ies1 except ! ,gibeonites1 :o 7  
doom$ to be hew]s ( wood & draw]s (     
wat]1 ! s]fs ( ! temple s]vice4 ,jo%4   
#i3bc1 #bg4 ,!re is n "o ^w ( buy+ &    
sell+ individuals--no *attelism1 or any 
sanction ( x2 !re is a p]=m+ ( ! s]vice 
( ! temple1 or pay+ tribute1 b nev]     

slaves or *attels4 ,canaan ?us became ! 
s]vant 7n slave7 ( ,%em2 & :5 aft]w>d   
,israel 0 oppress$ & r5d]$ tribut>y to  
o!r nations1 ! ,canaanites became ?us n 
only s]vants1 b s]vants ( s]vants4      
#c4 ,patri>*al ,s]vitude4  ,! next      
example ( ! ^w s]vant br+s u to t epo* 9
 relation to :i* ! ,h>mony ,presbyt]y ( 
,s\? ,c>ol9a says1 ,slav]y has exi/$ f !
 days ( ^? good old slavehold]s         
,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 7:o are n[ 9
 ! k+dom ( heav517 to ! "t :5 ! apo/le  
,paul s5t a runaway home to 8 ma/]      
,philemon1 & wrote a ,*ri/ian & pat]nal 
lett] to ?is slavehold]1 :i* we f9d /ill
 /&s 9 ! canon ( ! ,scriptures4  ,!     
acc\nt we h ( ,abraham's s]vants is     
briefly z foll[s3 ,t he _h m5-s]vants & 
maid-s]vants1 ,g54 #ab3af2 #ad3ad2      
#ag3bg1 7n slaves1 = we h %[n above by  
num]\s passages t to give su* a         
def9ition to ! t]m s]vant is false &    
absurd1 unless su/a9$ by ! context or ! 
usage ( ! times27 t !y numb]$ "s two    
?\s& p]sons1 7reckon+ by ! numb] (      

fight+ m5 among !m1 g5]ally "o 9 five ( 
! population17 7 tra9$ & accu/om$ to    
arms1 ,g54 #ad3ad2 c\ld inh]it prop]ty1 
,g54 #ae3c1 #d2 9 religi\s ord9ances 7  
p]fectly equal ) ! ma/]1 ,g54 #ag3aj-ad2
 _h entire control n only ov] ! prop]ty1
 b also ! heirs ( ! h\sehold1 ,g54      
#bd3b-aj2 la/ly1 !y 7 inv>iably consid]$
 z m51 n slaves or *attels4 ,g54 #bd3cj1
 #cb4 ,& ! man 7s]vant ( ,abraham7 came 
into ! h\se1 & he ungird$ 8 camels1 &   
gave /raw & prov5d] = ! camels1 & wat]  
to wa% 8 feet & ! m5's feet t 7 ) him4  
,b1 x is object$1 "s ( ^! s]vants 7     
'b\ght ) money2' !re=e !y mu/ h be5     
possess$ z '*attel slaves4' ,?is        
conclusion dep5ds p>tly on ! mean+ ( !  
,hebrew v]b ,,kaunau kaunau1 to buy2 &  
ass]ts t :5ev] ?is t]m is appli$ to     
p]sons1 x implies ! relation ( *attel   
slav]y4 ,! prim>y def9ition ( ! v]b1    
giv5 by ,ges5ius1 is1 to erect2 !n1 #a4 
,to f\nd or create2 #b4 ,to get1 ga91   
obta91 acquire1 possess2 #c4 ,to get by 
pur*ase1 to buy4  ,let u see ! mean+ (  

?is t]m1 appli$ to p]sons 9 o!r         
passages4 ,9 ,g54 #ca3ae1 ,ra*el & ,leah
 say ( _! fa!r1 ,he ha? sold u1 & q     
dev\r$ also our money1 ref]r+ to        
,jacob's long s]vice = !m2 7 !y *attels8
 ,g54 #dg3bc1 ,joseph b\ght !           
,egyptians2 7 !y *attels8 ,ex4 #ba3b1   
,if ?\ buy a ,hebrew s]vant1 six ye>s   
%all he s]ve1 & 9 ! sev5? he %all g out 
free1 = no?+2 0 he a *attel8 ,ru? #d3aj1
 ,ru? ! ,moabitess h ,i pur*as$ ?is day 
to be my wife2 0 %e a *attel8 ,^!       
passages cle>ly %[ t ! simple           
application ( ! t]m b\ght ) money does n
 imply prop]ty & possession z a *attel4 
,! phrase b\ght ) money relates1 9 !    
case ( wives1 to ! d[ry usual 9 ,ea/]n  
c\ntries2 9 ! case ( s]vants1 to !      
ransom paid = captives 9 w>1 & paid by !
 individual on adoption into ! tribe2 or
 to an equival5t paid z hire ( "t &     
labor = a limit$ p]iod1 ei!r to p>5ts = 
_! *ildr5 z appr5tices1 c41 or to !     
individual himself1 z ,jacob to ,laban4 
,g54 #ca3da1 ,?us h ,i be5 tw5ty ye>s 9 

?y h\se2 ,i s]v$ !e f\rte5 ye>s = ?y two
 daught]s1 & six ye>s = ?y cattle1 & ?\ 
ha/ *ang$ my wages t5 times4 ,?us       
,abraham c\ld acquire a claim on !      
s]vice ( a man dur+ life by pur*ase f   
himself2 c\ld acquire ! allegiance ( a  
man & 8 family1 & all born 9 x1 by      
contract1 n to be brok5 b by mutual     
agreem5t2 & 9 a few ye>s h a va/        
h\sehold "u 8 au?ority1 born 9 8 h\se1 &
 b\ght ) money1 yet n "o ( !m a slave4  
,ano!r g5]al pro( already allud$ to is1 
t ! t]ms ,,ev$h1 s]vant1 & ,,na>1 na>1  
"y man1 are appli$ synonym\sly & equally
 to s]vants & free p]sons4 ,g54 #ad3bd1 
,abraham calls 8 s]vants "y m51 & aga9 9
 ,g54 #ag3bc1 #bg4 ,s 9 ,job #a3ae-ai1 !
 t]m ,,na> is appli$ alike to ,job's    
s]vants & sons4 ,also 9 ,judg4 #g3aj2   
#ai3c1 #aa1 #ai2 #a ,sam4 #i3c1 #e1 #aj1
 #bb1 & num]\s o!r places1 ^! t]ms are  
appli$ indiscrim9ately to s]vants1 %[+ t
 !y 7 always reg>d$ z m51 nev] z        
*attels4  ,b we are n left to conjecture
 9 reg>d to ! /atus or condition (      

,abraham's s]vants2 we w br+ pro(s %[+ t
 x c\ld n h be5 *attel slav]y4  ,two ( !
 fundam5tal *>act]i/ics ( *attelism are1
 ,! /atus ( ! "m decides t ( ! *ild1 &  
,! slave1 be+ prop]ty1 c n inh]it or    
possess prop]ty4 ,0 ?is ! condition (   
s]vants 9 patri>*al society8 ,if s1 !n  
^! *>act]i/ics br& !m z *attels2 b on ! 
contr>y1 if no record is f\nd ( _! be+  
sold1 7! buy+ we h already reasonably   
acc\nt$ =27 if ! *ildr5 ( ^! s]vants 7  
reckon$ free1 if !y & _! *ildr5 c\ld    
inh]it prop]ty1 !n ev5 ,am]ican slave   
law & cu/om decl>e !m free p]sons1 & n  
*attels p]sonal4  ,take ! case ( ,hag>4 
,we read1 ,g54 #af3a1 %e 0 an ,egyptian 
h&maid1 maid-s]vant1 p]haps "o ( ^?     
ref]r$ to 9 ,g54 #ab3af4 ,abraham1 at   
,s>ah's in/igation1 makes h] 8 concub9e4
 ,! usual bick]+ ( ,ea/]n h>ems ensues4 
,hag> leaves ! tribe1 is s5t back by !  
angel1 ,i%mael is born1 & ?is son ( a   
slave 787 is reg>d$ n only z free1 b    
heir ( ! h\se ( ,abraham4 ,ye>s pass1 & 
! wild1 reckless ,i%mael is se5 ridicul+

 ,isaac1 8 puny bro!r & coheir4 ,at !   
sight1 all ! "m & ! ari/ocrat aga9 rise 
up 9 ,s>ah1 & %e cries out to ,abraham1 
,ca/ out ?is bondwoman & h] son1 = he   
%all n be heir ) my son1 ev5 ,isaac2 &  
,abraham1 s f> f reg>d+ !m z *attels    
p]sonal1 & sell+ !m s\?1 s5ds (f ! wild 
boy to be ! wild1 free ,arab1 ^: h& w be
 aga9/ e man1 & e man's h& aga9/ 84     
,take ! case ( ,bilhah & ,zilpah1 giv5  
by ,laban 7,g54 #bi3bd1 #bi17 z h&maids 
7,,aumau7 to 8 daught]s ,leah & ,ra*el4 
,g54 #cj3d-ad4 ,!y become ,jacob's      
concub9es1 & be> him f\r sons--,dan1    
,naphtali1 ,gad1 & ,a%]4 ,"h ! case is  
pla92 ! mo!rs are s]vants1 !y h *ildr51 
& ^!1 in/ead ( be+ 7z 9 simil> cases    
daily at ! ,s\?7 reput$ & adjudg$ 9 law 
to be *attels p]sonal1 are recogniz$ z  
free & equal ) ! o!r sons1 ,reub51      
,judah1 c41 & become1 l !m1 heads (     
tribes 9 ,israel4 ,9 ^! cases1--& !y are
 all :i* relate to ! po9t at            
issue1--ei!r ! /atus ( ^! s]vants did or
 did n decide t ( _! *ildr54 ,if x did1 

!n1 by ! laws ( *attelism1 ! *ildr5 be+ 
free prove ! "m 7?\gh s]vant7 to be     
free2 if x did n1 !n ! "m 0 held only by
 feudal allegiance1 :ile ! *ildr5 7     
always free4 ,9 ei!r case ! conditions (
 *attelism did n exi/2 !y 7 n slaves1 b 
free p]sons 9 ! same condition z memb]s 
( w&]+ ,arab & ,t>t> tribes to ?is day4 
,did ! second fundam5tal condition (    
*attelism m5tion$ above exi/8 ,! slave1 
be+ prop]ty1 c n possess or inh]it      
prop]ty4 ,9 ,g54 #ae3c we f9d ,abraham  
compla9+ to ! ,"l1 ,behold1 to me ?\ ha/
 giv5 no se$1 & lo1 "o born 9 my h\se is
 my heir6 ,! same t]m is us$ "h z 9     
speak+ ( ,abraham's o!r s]vants2 & yet  
?is s]vant is decl>$ by ,abraham 8      
ackn[l$g$ heir4 ,"h !re is a manife/    
contradiction ( ! conditions ( a *attel 
slave4 ,!y c n inh]it prop]ty2 ?is man  
c\ld2 !re=e he 0 n a slave4 ,x is an    
entirely gratuit\s assumption to ass]t t
 ,abraham's dep5d5ts 7 slaves2 = simil> 
cases occur daily 9 nomadic tribes1 z   
=m]ly !y did 9 ,scotti% clans4 ,if !    

*ief has no *ild capable ( succe$+ him 9
 (fice1 he *ooses f 8 dep5d5ts "s tri$ &
 tru/y w>rior1 & adopts him z lieut5ant 
or h5*man1 to succe$ him z heir or *ief4
 ,j s ,abraham1 !n ne>ly eighty ye>s    
old1 despair+ ( a son to take 8 place z 
*ief ( ! tribe1 adopt$ "s "y w>rior     
7p]haps a lead] 9 ! battle ( ,hobah7 z 8
 heir1 ) ! proviso ( resign+ 9 favor ( a
 son if any be born4 ,b 9 ! case (      
,jacob's f\r sons ! conclusion is       
self-evid5t--*ildr5 ( s]vants or        
h&maids1 yet recogniz$ z free l ! o!r   
sons1 %>+ ! prop]ty ( ! fa!r equally )  
!m2--! conditions ( a /ate ( *attelism  
did n exi/4  ,^! ?+s prove conclusively 
t ! t]m s]vant nev] meant slave 9       
patri>*al families2 t ! t]m b\ght )     
money ref]r$ only to feudal allegiance  
or s]vice = a "t agre$ on by bo? p>ties4
 ,^! s]vants c\ld possess & inh]it      
prop]ty2 _! *ildr5 7 free2 !y 7 tra9$ to
 ! use ( arms2 9 religi\s matt]s ma/] & 
s]vant 7 alike & equal2 & !y 7 always   
consid]$ & call$ m51 nev] slaves or     

*attels1--all :i* are directly contr>y  
to ! pr9ciples & express enactm5ts (    
,am]ican slave law1 & are ! *>act]i/ics 
( free p]sons ev5 at ! ,s\?4 ,add to ?is
 ! significant fact t n "o ^w is said 9 
! patri>*al records ( sell+ any ( ^!    
s]vants1 7! only act m5tion$ ( sell+ a  
human be+ is t ( ,joseph by 8 bre?r51 s 
bitt]ly reprobat$ & rep5t$ ( by !m soon 
aft]17 ?\gh frequ5tly b\ght2 t no       
fugitive law exi/$1 9 fact c\ld n exi/ 9
 a w&]+ tribe1--& ! natural conclusion  
is1 t !y 7 n slaves1 b free m5 & wom52 &
 !re=e ! records ( patri>*al society    
conclusively d5y ! exi/5ce ( *attel     
slaves or slav]y z "o ( its in/itutions4
  ,ye>s pass1 & we f9d ! ,israelites    
r$uc$ to a s]vile condition z ! s]fs ( !
 ,egyptians4 ,god1 9 8 purposes1 all[$  
!m to rema9 ?us = a "t1 & !n1 in/ead (  
sanction+ ev5 ?is modifi$ =m ( slav]y1  
dem&$ _! in/ant release2 & on refusal1 )
 t]rible judgm5ts on _! oppressors1 he  
l$ =? t army ( fugitive slaves1 & dr[n$ 
_! pursu]s 9 ! ,r$ ,sea4                

#d4 ,mosaic ,laws4  ,we come next to !  
sanction & au?ority ( *attel slav]y     
claim$ to exi/ 9 ! laws & economy ( ^! p
 j escap$ f bondage1 & fram$ by him :o  
_h %[n 8 displeasure aga9/ slav]y by    
ne>ly de/roy+ a nation ( slavehold]s =  
hold+ & cat*+ slaves4 ,! argum5ts = ?is 
claim are--#a4 ,t ! t]m s]vant or       
bondman us$ 9 ! ,mosaic law means *attel
 slav]y2 #b4 ,t 9 c]ta9 cases ! ,hebrews
 might hold _! bre?r5 z slaves = ev]2   
#c4 ,!y might buy slaves f ! hea!n      
ar\nd1 & hold !m = ev]4 ,^! positions1  
we admit1 h "s plausibility1 & h        
d\btless _h great weight 9 produc+ !    
op9ion t *attelism is sanction$ by !    
,bible4 ,we propose to consid] !        
condition ( ! classes ( s]vants ref]r$  
to 9 _! ord]4  #a4 ,hebrew s]vants4 ,^! 
7 ( f\r k9ds--s]vants "u contract or    
ind5ture = six ye>s1 probably f "o      
sabbatic ye> to ano!r3 s]vants held till
 ! ye> ( jubilee1 or = ev]3 *ildr5 born 
9 ! h\se1 or hir$ out by _! p>5ts3      
convict$ ?ieves2 & aft]w>d1 ?\gh        

sanction$ by no law1 debtors4  ,9       
respect to ! fir/ ( ^! classes1 ! law is
 f\nd 9 ,ex4 #ba3b-f2 ,deut4 #ae3ab-ah4 
,if ?\ buy a ,hebrew s]vant1 six ye>s   
%all he s]ve1 & 9 ! sev5? he %all g out 
free1 = no?+4 ,"h ! t]m buy c only be   
appli$ to ! s]vice1 sold by ! s]vant =  
six ye>s1 7or p]haps to ! sabbatic sev5?
 ye>1 z daily or weekly s]vice end$ ) ! 
,sabba?17 = x is appli$ to a /ate :i* no
 +5uity :atev] c con/rue z *attelism4   
,! second class ( ,hebrew s]vants is    
m5tion$ ,ex4 #ba3e1 #f4 ,if ! s]vant    
%all pla9ly say1 ,i love my ma/]1 my    
wife1 & my *ildr52 ,i w n g out free2 !n
 8 ma/] %all br+ him to ! judges3 he    
%all also br+ him to ! door or to !     
door-po/1 & he %all bore 8 e> ?r\gh ) an
 awl1 & he %all s]ve him = ev]4 ,deut4  
#ae3ag1 ! same law adds1 ,& also to ?y  
maid-s]vant %alt ?\ d likewise4 ,b 9    
,lev4 #be3ci1 #dj1 #ec1 x is expressly  
enact$ t "o :o s]v$ long] ?an six ye>s 0
 n to be treat$ or consid]$ z an ,,ev$h1
 ev$h1 "o contract+ = a t]m ( ye>s1 b z 

a ,,saukir1 saukir1 a hir$ s]vant1 to be
 well treat$ & comp5sat$ = 8 s]vices4   
,?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a       
bond-s]vant1 b z a hir$ s]vant & z a    
soj\rn] he %all be ) !e4 ,! s]vant mu/  
pla9ly say1 ,i w n g out2 x mu/ be      
volunt>y s]vice2 b *attelism is         
involunt>y1 =c$1 & directly contr>y to !
 case be=e u4 ,he %all s]ve him = ev]1 n
 8 sons aft] him1 n giv+ ! "r ( transf] 
or sale ( s]vice to a ?ird p]son1 ,he   
%all s]ve1 n 8 wife or *ildr51 b        
himself1 till dea?1 or 8 ma/]'s dea?1 or
 ! jubilee4 ,?is1 !n1 0 n *attelism1 = x
 0 volunt>y1 )\t pur*ase or sale1 end+ )
 ! life ( ! s]vant1 ! ma/]1 or ! ye> (  
release--! jubilee4  ,! ?ird class (    
s]vants--*ildr5--appe> dur+ m9ority to h
 be51 z n[ 9 all ,ea/]n c\ntries1       
entirely at ! s]vice or control ( _!    
p>5ts1 & might by !m be hir$ out1 ,neh4 
#e3b-f1 b1 :5 ( age1 7 ( c\rse indep5d5t
 ( p>5tal acts & control4 ,john #i3ba4  
,t ! (fspr+ ( s]vants 9 patri>*al times 
7 free we h already prov$2 t !y 7 s     

among ! ,israelites is %[n by ! case (  
,abimele*1 ! son ( a maid-s]vant1 ,judg4
 #i3ah1 yet free z 8 bre?r51 & aft]w>d  
k+ ( ,israel2 also ( ,%e%an4 #a ,*r4    
#b3cd1 #ce4 ,no s]vice1 inde$1 c\ld be  
recogniz$ or dem&$1 9 ,jewi% law1 ( gr[n
 p]sons1 except z ! result ( contract or
 crime4  ,9 respect to ! f\r? class1 x  
is pla9 f ! language us$ t only         
suffici5t s]vice c\ld be requir$ ( !m to
 cancel ! obligation ( re/itution4 ,ex4 
#bb3c4 ,he %\ld make full re/itution2 if
 he h no?+1 !n he %all be sold = 8 !ft2 
9 case ( debt1 ,matt4 #ah3cd1 till he   
%\ld pay all t 0 due to him4  #b4       
,s]vants obta9$ f ! hea!n4 ,^! 71 fir/1 
captives4 ,f ! acc\nt ( ! fir/ tak+ (   
captives by ! ,israelites1 ,num4        
#ca3g-dg1 we le>n1 v]se #g1 t !y m>*$   
into ,midian1 slew all ! males1 & seiz$ 
! wom51 *ildr51 flocks1 & h]ds4 ,on _!  
return ,moses reprim&$ !m = disobey+    
,god's comm& by pres]v+ ! gr[n wom52 &  
!reupon !y kill$ all b ! virg9s &       
*ildr51 res]v+ !m = adoption into !     

families ( ! nation4 ,9 ,deut4 #bj3ad & 
#ba3aj-ad1 we h ^! comm&s & regulations 
giv51 ) an express prohibition ( !      
enslavem5t ( ^! captives1 9 case (      
repudiation by ! captors4 ,x %all be1 if
 ?\ h no delight 9 h]1 !n ?\ %alt let h]
 g :i!r %e w2 b ?\ %alt n sell h] at all
 = money2 ?\ %alt n make m]*&ise ( h]1  
because ?\ ha/ humbl$ h]4 ,n[1 all      
slavehold+ tribes & nations1 :5 !y seize
 captives = slaves1 aim to obta9 z _m   
/rong & vigor\s m5 z possible2 mu/ x n1 
!re=e1 fairly be inf]r$ f ?is regulation
 t ,god1 by prohibit+ in/ead ( sanction+
 ! mo/ productive mode ( slave-mak+1--! 
enslavem5t ( prison]s ( w>1--did n      
int5d1 b positively prohibit$1 !        
,israelites f becom+ a slavehold+       
nation8  ,secondly1 b\ght ) money4 ,!   
law ref]r+ to ^! is ,lev4 #be3dd1 #df4  
,bo? ?y bondm5 & ?y bondmaids :i* ?\    
%alt h %all be ( ! hea!n r\nd ab\t y2 ( 
!m %all ye buy bondm5 & bondmaids4444 ,&
 ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r  
*ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a         

possession2 !y %all be y\r bondm5 = ev]4
 ,z we h already /at$1 ! ,hebrews _h b  
two t]ms = s]vant--! g5]ic t]m ev$h1 "o 
"u contract = a t]m ( ye>s1 & saukir1 "o
 hir$ by ! day1 week1 or ye>4 ,n[1 ! t]m
 "h translat$ bondman is ! g5]ic ,,ev$h1
 ev$h1 else:]e translat$ s]vant1 & !re=e
 %\ld h be5 ?us translat$ "h1 unless a  
diff]5t r5d]+ is requir$ by ! context4  
,! m lit]al read+ ( ! ,hebrew is1 ,& ?y 
m5-s]vants & ?y maid-s]vants :i* %all be
 to !e f ! nations ar\nd y1 ( !m %all ye
 procure ! man-s]vant & maid-s]vant4    
,:at1 !n1 0 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,hebrew 
& hea!n ev$h8  ,?is4 ,! ,hebrew c\ld    
only be an ev$h1 a s]vant by contract1 =
 six ye>s1 ,ex4 #ba3b--,six ye>s %all he
 s]ve1 b 9 ! sev5? he %all g out free2  
7long] s]vice c\ld n be contract$ =1 b  
mu/ be volunt>y1 ,ex4 #ba3e27 or z a    
hir$ s]vant or soj\rn] till ! jubilee1 b
 nev] beyond4 ,lev4 #be3aj1 #ci-da4 ,b a
 hea!n c\ld b9d himself z an ev$h =     
long] ?an six ye>s2 & ?us 8 s]vice1     
unlike ! ,hebrew1 c\ld be b\ght z an    

inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 b1 l !  
,hebrew volunt>y = ev] s]vants1 !y 7    
bondm5 = ! longe/ "t kn[n by ! law--till
 dea? or ! jubilee4  ,is x object$ t !  
t]ms buy1 possession1 = ev]1 are us$1 & 
indicate *attelism8 ,we answ]1 ,all     
admit ! ,hebrew 0 n a *attel2 = 8 s]vice
 expir$ at ! sev5? ye>1 ! dea? ( himself
 or 8 ma/]4 ,he %all s]ve him = ev]2 b1 
if bo? liv$ on1 ?is s]vice1 ?\gh        
volunt>y1 z has be5 %[n1 expir$ ) all   
su* claims at ! jubilee4 ,s9ce ! same   
t]ms1 &1 z we %all %[ directly1 !       
jubilee1 appli$ equally to bo?1 if x    
does n prove ! "o a *attel1 x does n !  
o!r2 !re=e bo? are equally volunt>y     
contractors4 ,! s]vice1 & n ! bodies1 7 
b\ght2 & bo? 7 equally free at !        
jubilee4  ,two objects 7 accompli%$ by  
?is law4 #a/4 ,to p]mit ! ,hebrews to   
obta9 t assi/ance 9 till+ ! l&1 :i*     
o!rwise !y w\ld n h be5 all[$ to d4     
#b;d4 ,to increase ! numb]s ( !         
commonweal?1 s9ce ! ,hebrews1 9 ob$i5ce 
to ! ,abrahamic cov5ant1 ,g54 #ag3aj-ad2

 ,ex4 #ab3dd-di1 7 b\nd to circumcise ^!
 ind5t$ s]vants b\ght ) money1 ?us mak+ 
!m "p ( ! h\sehold dur+ _! p]iod (      
s]vice1 & also naturaliz$ citiz5s ( !   
/ate1 memb]s ( ! congregation1 p>tak]s (
 all ! rites & privileges common to !   
mass ( ! p4 ,ex4 #ab3dd-i4 ,num4        
#ae3ae-cj1 ,"o ord9ance %all be bo? = y 
( ! congregation1 & also = ! /rang] t   
soj\rne? ) y1 an ord9ance = ev] 9 y\r   
g5]ations2 z ye are1 s %all ! /rang] be 
be=e ! ,"l4 ,lev4 #ai3cd1 ,! /rang] t   
dwelle? among y %all be z "o born among 
y1 & ?\ %alt love him z ?yself4 ,9      
accordance ) ! frequ5tly-repeat$        
injunction ( ?is law ( equality1 !y 7   
inv>iably recogniz$ z citiz5s1 & alike )
 ,hebrew s]vants1 7 am5able to1 &       
receiv$ protection f1 ! laws ( ! /ate4  
,9 fur!r pro( ( ?is1 & 9 direct         
opposition to *attelism1 is ! fact1 t ! 
laws regulat+ ! relation ( ma/] & s]vant
 are ea* & all enact$ = ! b5efit &      
protection ( ! s]vant1 & n "o = t ( !   
ma/]4 ,aga91 :5 prop]ty is spok5 (1 ox51

 %eep1 c41 ! t]m own] is always us$1    
ma/] nev]2 :5 s]vants & ma/]s are spok5 
(1 ma/] is always us$1 own] nev]4 ,ex4  
#ba3bi1 ,! ox %all be /on$1 & 8 own]    
also %all be put to dea?1 ,ex4 #ba3cd1  
,if an ox or ass fall into a pit left   
uncov]$1 ! own] ( ! pit %all make x     
good1 & give money to ! own] ( !m4 ,b1  
,deut4 #be3ae1 ,?\ %all n deliv] to 8   
ma/] ! s]vant :i* is escap$ f 8 ma/]    
unto !e4  ,! inf]5ce f all ?is is pla94 
,no su* ?+ z prop]ty 9 man is recogniz$ 
9 ! ,mosaic law2 b ,god1 f9d+ polygamy &
 ! law ( s]fdom exi/+ among !           
,israelites1 did n see fit to aboli% !m 
at once1 b s hamp]$ & h$g$ !m ab\t by   
re/rictive /atutes z gradually & f9ally 
to aboli% !m altoge!r4                  
#e4 ,re/rictive ,laws4  ,b le/          
oppression %\ld trample ^u ! rights ( ! 
labor+ classes1 & aim at _!             
enslavem5t1--:i* actually happ5$        
aft]w>d1 & 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal items (    
,god's indictm5t 7,j]4 #bb3c2 #cd3h-bb7 
aga9/ ! ,jews prior to _! de/ruction by 

,nebu*adnezz>1--?ree special enactm5ts 7
 made to prev5t su* iniquity1 & break up
 any attempt at *attel slav]y 9 !       
nation4  ,fir/4 ,! law aga9/            
kidnap+4--,ex4 #ba3af1 ,he t /eale? a   
man & selle? him1 or if he be f\nd 9 8  
h&1 he %all surely be put to dea?4 ,?us 
! "o great means ( obta9+ slaves is     
=bidd54 ,he :o 7no matt] :]e7 seizes a  
human be+1 7no matt] :om17 & r$uces him 
to involunt>y s]vitude1 %all die2 = he  
seeks to take away ! rights & privileges
 ( fre$om1 all t goes to make up life2  
seeks to make prop]ty ( man1 to ext+ui% 
! man 9 ! *attel4  ,b1 x is said1 ?is   
only ref]s to /eal+ slaves4 ,m>k !      
logic3 a man c\ld seize & enslave ano!r 
) impunity2 b if1 aft]w>d1 ! fa!r1      
bro!r1 or fri5d ( ! enslav$ %\ld attempt
 to rescue him1 he mu/ die6 ,glori\s    
argum5t = slavehold]s & slave-cat*]s6 ,x
 is also said ?is ref]s to ,hebrews1 n  
/rang]s4 ,let ,god answ]4 ,lev4 #bd3bb1 
,ye %all h "o mann] ( law1 z well = !   
/rang] z = "o ( y\r own c\ntry2 = ,i am 

! ,"l y\r ,god4 ,?is is 8 int]pretation 
( ! bread? ( ! law giv5 9 ! prec$+ v]se1
 ,he t kille? a man1 he %all be put to  
dea?4 ,! law1 !re=e1 is unre/rict$ &    
univ]sal2 ,hebrew or hea!n1 he t kille? 
a man & he t /eale? a man %all alike    
die2 ?us putt+ slav]y & murd] on ! same 
foot+1 z equally crim9al4 ,n[1 if ,god  
sanction$ slav]y1 :y did he make su* an 
inconsi/5t law z ?is =bidd+ x8  ,second4
 ,! law conc]n+ fugitives4--,deut4      
#bc3ae1 #af1 ,?\ %alt n deliv] to 8 ma/]
 ! s]vant :i* is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto   
!e2 he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y 9 t 
place :i* he %all *oose 9 "o ( ?y gates 
:]e x like? him be/2 ?\ %alt n oppress  
him4  ,!re is no equivocation "h2 ?\    
%alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/]4 ,x is        
imp]ative2 !y 7 to receive him among !m 
z a citiz51 &1 if ne$ be1 protect him f 
8 ma/]2 m>k1 n a hea!n or ,hebrew1      
s]vant1 b ! s]vant1 hea!n or ,hebrew1   
:oev] %\ld fly f ! ill treatm5t or      
inju/ice ( a h>d ma/]4 ,comp>e = a mom5t
 ! ,hebrew & ,am]ican fugitive laws4 ,! 

,hebrew says1 ,?\ %alt n deliv] to 8    
ma/] ! s]vant t is escap$4 ,! ,am]ican  
says1 ,?\ %alt deliv] him up to 8 ma/]1 
or be f9$ "o ?\s& doll>s1 & suff] six   
mon?s' imprisonm5t4 ,! ,hebrew says1 ,he
 %all dwell ) !e 444 ?\ %alt n oppress  
him4 ,! ,am]ican law says1 ,!           
commission] :o tries ! case %all get    
five doll>s if he fails1 & t5 if he     
succe$s 9 'deliv]+ to 8 ma/]' !         
fugitive1 on ! simple affidavit ( ! =m] 
t he is 8 slave4  ,:at are ! d$uctions f
 ?is law ( ,moses8 ,! return ( /ray     
prop]ty is expressly comm&$ 9 ,deut4    
#bb3a-c2 ! return ( s]vants is expressly
 =bidd5 "h2 ! s]vant c\ld leave a h>d   
ma/] at any "t1 & ! /ate c\ld n compel  
him to return3 x did n recognize !      
condition ( =c$1 b only volunt>y        
s]vitude1 & ?us r5d]$ ! exi/5ce (       
*attelism impossible4  ,! ?ird great    
protective law 0 t ( ! ,jubilee4--,lev4 
#be3aj-ee1 ,& ye %all hall[ ! fiftie?   
ye>1 & proclaim ,,lib]ty ?r\gh\t all !  
l& unto all ! inhabitants !re(2 x %all  

be a jubilee unto y1 & ye %all return e 
man unto 8 possession1 & ye %all return 
e man to 8 family4 444 ,"h ! expression 
is emphatic1 no res]vations are made1 no
 re/rictions all[$4 ,z ! s\nd ( ,,yoval1
 ,,yoval1 ,yoval1 ,yoval1 s\nd$ ?r\gh ! 
l&1 & 0 e*o$ back f hill & village1 f   
hamlet & t[n1 ! cry 0 tak5 up1 & borne  
along by ! labor+ ?\s&s ( ,israel1 _m ( 
:om _h be5 toil+ "u contract = ye>s1 by 
! un=tunate debtor1 & ^? :om pov]ty _h  
compell$ to "p ) ! old h\se at home1 all
 return$1 all 7 free4 ,lib]ty1 lib]ty6  
,x is va9 to assume t ! b5efits ( !     
,jubilee 7 re/rict$ to a p>ticul> class4
 ,to :at class8 ,n ! six ye>s' s]vants2 
!y 7 fre$ 9 ! sev5?4 ,n to debtors2 !re 
0 no law compell+ !m to s]ve at all2    
!re=e !y c\ld only s]ve volunt>ily to   
pay _! debts4 ,n to ?ieves2 !y c\ld only
 be compell$ to make re/itution ( ! ?+  
/ol51 or its value2 t paid1 !y 7 free4  
,! only o!r classes to :om ! law c\ld   
apply 7 all ! inhabitants ( ! l& :o s]v$
 ! longe/ "t1 ! ,hebrew = ev] s]vants1 &

 ! hea!n s]vants1 ?us prev5t+ !         
possibility ( ! rise & gr[? ( a s]vile  
class1 ! curse ( any c\ntry4 ,9 ?is way 
only c we acc\nt = ! fact t ,jewi%      
hi/ory nev] m5tions ! exi/5ce ( a l>ge  
s]vile class1 or a s]vile insurrection 9
 ,israel1 s common & disa/r\s an        
occurr5ce 9 ! hi/ory ( anci5t slavehold+
 communities4  ,"s object "h1 t ! t]m   
inhabitants implies all ! ,hebrews1 &   
excludes ! /rang]s1 ,canaanites1 c42 b  
by admitt+ t all ! ,hebrews 7 fre$ at ! 
,jubilee1 !y admit t ^? :o1 9 ,ex4      
#ba3f1 are s]vants = ev]1 are also fre$1
 & ?us to s]ve = ev] only implies till !
 ,jubilee4 ,if1 !n1 = ev] means only    
till ! ,jubilee 9 "o case1 x means no m 
9 ! o!r4 ,& if we %[ t ! /rang]s &      
,canaanites 7 consid]$ inhabitants ( !  
l&1 !n ! ,jubilee ref]r$ to ,hebrew &   
/rang] alike1 & bo? 7 free4 ,9 ,ex4     
#cd3ab1 #ae1 ,take he$ to ?yself1 le/ ?\
 make a cov5ant ) ! inhabitants ( ! l&  
:i!r ?\ goe/2 & ,lev4 #ah3be2 ,num4     
#cc3eb-ee1 ,moses calls ! hea!n !       

inhabitants ( ! l&2 & z he 0 likely to  
und]/& ! mean+ ( ! t]m pretty well1 he  
ei!r ref]s 9 ! ,jubilee law to ,hebrews1
 ,canaanites1 & all1 or he meant        
,canaanites & hea!n alone1 :i* is /ill m
 decisive4 ,aga91 9 #b ,sam4 #aa3b-bg2  
#bc3ci1 we f9d "o ( ^! /rang]s1 ,uriah !
 ,hittite1 n only an inhabitant (       
,j]usalem1 b "o ( ,david's be/ (fic]s1 &
 8 wife becom+ que5 ( ,israel & "m (    
,solomon2 & 9 #b ,sam4 #bd3ah-be1 ano!r1
 ,araunah ! ,jebusite is a h\sehold]1 & 
m1 is prais$ z act+ l a k+ t[>d k+      
,david1 :o b\ght prop]ty ( him :]eon to 
build an alt>2 & yet1 =soo?1 !y 7 n     
inhabitants6  ,b1 z if to prev5t        
equivocation1 ,moses def9es ! phrase all
 ! inhabitants2 ,ye %all return e man to
 8 possession1 & ye %all return e man to
 8 family4 ,n e ,hebrew1 b e man1 ! same
 g5]ic t]m z 9 ! law aga9/ kill+ or     
/eal+ a man2 x is unqualifi$ & univ]sal4
 ,?us ) "o bl[ ?is noble law /rikes d[n 
! two pr9cipal s\rces ( social          
oppression--monopoly ( l& & monopoly (  

labor4 ,all :o _h by pov]ty be5 compell$
 to "p ) ! old f>m & home/ead receiv$ x 
back2 all claims ( s]vice aga9/ any     
p]son1 h[ev] mean & humble1 7 cancel$2 &
 ! l& & its inhabitants 7 aga9 free z   
,god _h made !m4  ,^! accumulat$        
argum5ts1 ea* sep>ately weighty &       
=cible1 b collectively insurm\ntable1 we
 ?9k prove conclusively t ! =m (        
s]vitude among ! ,israelites 0 n *attel 
slav]y1 & t !re is no sanction or       
au?ority = x 9 ! ,mosaic laws &         
regulations4  ,?us 9 ,jewi% hi/ory we   
see ! ,israelites groan+ "u ,egyptian   
bondage1 & ,god's arm out/ret*$ to      
rescue !m :5 fugitives1 & puni% _!      
pursu]s--a w>n+ to all su* !reaft]2 we  
see laws enact$ to prev5t ! exi/5ce (   
*attelism among !m1 by re/rict+ ! ma/]'s
 p[]1 & secur+ ! s]vant's fre$om at     
regul> int]vals1 & ! opposite doctr9e ( 
equality among m5 ass]t$2 we see !      
,israelites disobey+ ^! comm&s1 &       
adopt+1 ) ! idolatry ( _! neighbors1 _! 
slav]y also1 & ,god's fi]y wra? d5\nc$  

on !m = x by ,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 &       
,ezekiel1 & fulfill$ by ,nebu*adnezz> 9 
! de/ruction & captivity ( ! /ate4      
,,new ,,te/am5t4                        
,tea*+s ( ,*ri/4  ,ages pass1 ! ,jews   
are re/or$ to _! l&1 b ! ,roman eagle   
ov]%ad[s x & all ! civiliz$ _w4         
,despotism is en?ron$2 & ! idea t ! _w &
 its p are ! prop]ty ( ,rome & its      
citiz5s is que/ion$ only 9 murmur+      
:isp]s4 ,all ! relations ( ,roman life  
p>take ( ?is idea ( absolutism2 slav]y  
is e :]e1 lib]ty n[h]e4 ,!n ! glad tid+s
 ( ,messiah's com+ is ann\nc$ to an     
expectant _w4 ,:om w he side )--! cru%$ 
& despair+ millions1 or ! ari/ocratic & 
haughty few8 ,w he adopt & develop !    
idea ( equality f\nd 9 ,jewi% law1 or ! 
pr9ciple n[ asc5dant1--,might makes     
"r1--! ,roman slave law8 ,let him answ]4
  ,/&+ 9 ! synagogue at ,naz>e?1 ! home 
( 8 boyhood1 amid 8 expectant fri5ds &  
relations1 he reads 7,luke #d3af-ba7 f  
,isaiah1 ,! _s ( ! ,"l is ^u me1 because
 he ha? ano9t$ me to prea* ! gospel to !

 poor2 he ha? s5t me to heal !          
brok5-he>t$1 to prea* deliv]ance to !   
captives1 & recov]+ ( sight to ! bl9d1  
to set at lib]ty !m t are bruis$1 to    
prea* ! acceptable ye> ( ! ,"l4 ,& he   
clos$ ! book & sat d[n1 444 & began to  
say to !m1 ,?is day is ?is scripture    
fulfill$ 9 y\r e>s4 ,!re is 8 commission
 & ! con/itution ( 8 k+dom4 ,c any ?+ be
 m explicit8  ,*ri/ himself comes ) glad
 tid+s = ! poor1 to de/roy slav]y &     
oppression1 & e/abli% lib]ty4 ,rejoice1 
ye poor1 taught hi!rto t ye 7 made only 
= ! s]vice ( ! ri*2 !re is glad tid+s = 
y4 ,rejoice1 captives & slaves1 bruis$ )
 ! la% & fett]2 ,god comes to prea*     
deliv]ance to ! captives1 lib]ty to !m t
 are bruis$1 & ! acceptable ye> 7!      
,jubilee7 ( ! ,"l4  ,h[ did he fulfill  
?is commission & pl$ge8 ,no code ( laws 
& dogmas1 t]se & dry1 7 issu$ by him = !
 gov]nm5t ( 8 k+dom2 b ! great pr9ciple 
0 proclaim$ ( a common bro!rhood z      
*ildr5 ( ,god our ,fa!r1 & ( love to him
 z su*4 ,9 8 s]mon on ! m\nt1 ! p>ables 

( ! lo/ %eep & silv] piece1 ! good      
,sam>itan1 ! prodigal son1 ! ,ph>isee & 
! publican2 9 8 private tea*+s to 8     
disciples2 &1 above all1 by 8 daily     
example he taught & illu/rat$1 z ! lead+
 *>act]i/ics ( 8 k+dom1 love to ,god1 ! 
bro!rhood ( man1 ! rights ( all1 h[ev]  
poor1 degrad$1 or despis$4 ,m1 he makes 
?is idea ( bro!rhood & equality ev5 )   
himself1 ! great te/ 9 ! judgm5t4 ,matt4
 #be3dj1 #de3 ,& ! k+ %all answ]1 & say 
unto !m1 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,inasmu* 
z ye h done x unto ! lea/ ( ^! my       
bre?r51 ye h done x unto me4 ,:at w ^?  
:o n[ boa/ ( _! l>ge *ur*es1 compos$    
almo/ entirely ( slaves1 ,*ri/ian       
m9i/]s1 & *ur* memb]s1 b\ght1 sold1     
la%$1 & treat$ l cattle1 answ] ! ,k+ 9 t
 great day8  ,b to return3 ! result (   
su* tea*+s 0 soon evid5t4 ,! common p   
he>d him gladly1 hung on 8 /eps & words 
by ?\s&s1 & hail$ him z deliv]]2 :ile   
,scribes & ,ph>isees1 prie/s & rul]s1   
d5\nc$ him z a fri5d ( publicans &      
s9n]s1 only seek+ popul>ity among !     

masses1 to di/urb ! public peace1 &     
revolutionize ! gov]nm5t4 ,m>k1 x 0 n   
simply religi\s1 b political int]f]5ce &
 tea*+ !y *>g$ him )1 & on ?is *>ge !y  
f9ally compass$ 8 dea?4  ,9 8 private   
tea*+s to 8 disciples he /rongly        
inculcat$ ?is tru?4 ,/riv+ among        
!mselves = ! supremacy1 he *>ges !m1    
,matt4 #bj3bf-bh1 & _m o!r places1 ,x   
%all n be s among y2 b :osoev] w be *ief
 among y1 let him be y\r s]vant2 ev5 z !
 ,son ( man came n to be m9i/]$ to1 b to
 m9i/]1 & to give 8 life a ransom = _m4 
,! law ?us explicitly laid d[n1 & 9     
,john #ac en=c$ by 8 example1 is ! v    
opposite ( *attelism4 ,9 8 *ur*1 none 7 
to claim supremacy ov] o!rs1 mu* less   
enslave !m2 none to despise labor & !   
labor]1 mu* less condemn o!rs to x :ile 
!mselves liv$ 9 idl5ess4  ,?us ,*ri/1 s 
f> f sanction+ *attelism or prop]ty 9   
man 9 any %ape or =m1 by precept &      
example taught ! opposite1 ! dignity (  
labor & ! labor]1 ! common bro!rhood (  
man1 & consequ5t equality1 political &  

religi\s4 ,did 8 apo/les indorse ?is    
doctr9e1 or1 fe>+ ! result1 did !y side 
) ! all preval5t sy/em ( class          
legislation & slav]y8                   
,tea*+s ( ! ,apo/les4  ,! result ( _!   
tea*+ 9 ,judea is giv5 9 ,acts          
#d3cb-ce--;,& ! multitude ( !m t believ$
 7 ( "o he>t & "o s\l2 nei!r said any ( 
!m t aught ( ! ?+s he possess$ 0 8 own2 
b !y _h all ?+s common4 ,nei!r 0 !re any
 among !m t lack$2 = z _m z 7 possessors
 ( l&s or h\ses sold !m1 & br\ght !     
prices ( ! ?+s t 7 sold & laid !m d[n at
 ! apo/les' feet1 & di/ribution 0 made  
to e man accord+ z he _h ne$4 ,!y n only
 believ$ 9 lib]ty1 equality1 &          
frat]nity1 b practis$ its extreme--n    
only equality ( rights1 b equality (    
prop]ty1 among ! bro!rhood4  ,b ?is 0   
comp>atively easy 9 ,judea1 :]e !       
pr9ciple ( equality 0 already p>tly     
recogniz$1 & ! exi/5ce ( *attelism      
prev5t$ by ! action ( ! ,mosaic code4 ,!
 apo/les only fairly came 9 conflict ) !
 _s ( ca/e & slav]y :51 fill$ ) love & !

 ,_s1 !y ent]$ hea!n c\ntries1 prea*+ ! 
glad tid+s ( ! k+dom1 & e/abli%+ e :]e !
 glori\s bro!rhood ( humanity1 ^: prim>y
 law is1 ,a new comm&m5t ,i give unto y1
 ,t ye love "o ano!r z ,i h lov$ y4 ,by 
?is %all m5 "k t ye are my disciples1 if
 ye h love "o to ano!r4 ,john #ac3cd-e4 
,& ,paul exp\nds x to ! ,g5tiles1 #a    
,cor4 #ab3ac--;,= by "o ,_s are we all  
baptiz$ into "o body1 :e!r we be ,jews  
or ,g5tiles1 :e!r we be bond or free1 & 
h be5 all made to dr9k into "o ,_s4     
,gal4 #c3bf-bh3 ,ye are all ! *ildr5 (  
,god by fai? 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus2 = z _m ( y 
z h be5 baptiz$ into ,*ri/ h put on     
,*ri/4 ,!re is nei!r ,jew nor ,greek1   
!re is nei!r bond nor free1 !re is nei!r
 male nor female2 = ye are all "o 9     
,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,aga91 ,col4 #c3aa1 ,!re  
is nei!r ,greek nor ,jew1 circumcision  
nor uncircumcision1 b>b>ian nor         
,scy?ian1 bond nor free2 b ,*ri/ is all 
& 9 all4  ,c language be m express &    
conclusive ?an ?is8 ,! di/9ctions "h    
dissolv$ by ! wat]s ( baptism1 & bl5d$  

into "o 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 are n1 z our    
s\!rn bre?r5 ass]t1 simply religi\s1 b  
,,national1 ,,political1 ,,&            
,,social--slav]y1 & ! _s ( ca/e & clan  
:i* upholds x1 alike =bidd51 & lib]ty1  
equality1 & frat]nity1 social1          
political1 & religi\s1 proclaim$ z !    
rule ( ,*ri/'s k+dom4  ,pr9ciples l ^!  
came ^u ! _w l ! morn+ sunlight1 scatt]+
 ! mi/s ( sup]/iti\s ignorance1 melt+ ! 
icy pride & selfi%ness ( ! mighty1      
p]meat+ all classes & relations (       
society ) _! secret influ5ce1 & bl5d+   
all into "o h>moni\s bro!rhood ( love & 
peace4 ,app>5tly !y 7 subject z o!rs to 
! laws ( ! /ate1 b 9 secret 7 b\nd by   
/rong] ties1 & gov]n$ by high]1 nobl]   
laws1 ?an ! _w outside dream$ (4        
,in/ead ( ! ,roman law ( m>riage1 reg>d+
 ! wife z ! husb&'s slave1 he mu/ love  
h] z himself2 m1 z ,*ri/ lov$ ! *ur*4   
,in/ead ( ! tyranny on "o side1 & !     
retaliat+ disob$i5ce on ! o!r1 ( !      
,roman p>5tal relation1 x became ! image
 ( our heav5ly ,fa!r's love1 & our tru/+

 ob$i5ce to him4 ,! relation ( slave1   
pro nullo1 pro quadrup$o1 pro mortuo1 7z
 a nobody1 a quadrup$1 a dead man17 to 8
 ma/]1 became ! relation ( bre?r51 ! "o 
to r5d] true & fai?ful s]vice1 ,eph4    
#f3e1 ! o!r nev] to ?reat51 ,eph4 #f3i1 
mu* less puni%2 n to reg>d !m z *attels1
 z "u ! ,roman law1 b to give !m j &    
equal comp5sation = _! s]vice1 ,eph4    
#f3i2 ,col4 #d3a1 kn[+ t ye also h a    
,ma/] 9 heav51 nei!r is !re respect (   
p]sons ) him4 ,! legal de$ ( manumission
 0 unnecess>y2 = z1 :5 ma/] & slave l& 9
 ,engl&1 !y may rema9 connect$ z ma/] & 
free s]vant1 nev] z ma/] & slave1 s1 on 
admission into ! bro!rhood ( ! *ur*1 !  
wat]s ( baptism1 z %[n above1 dissolv$ !
 relation ( slav]y1 & sub/itut$ t (     
freem5 & bre?r54  ,aga91 believ]s 7     
memb]s ( ,*ri/'s body4 ,he dwelt 9 !m2 &
 !re=e e indignity & injury done to !m 0
 done to him 9 _! p]son4 ,to enslave1   
buy1 & sell !m 0 to enslave1 buy1 & sell
 ,*ri/ himself4 ,inasmu* z ye h done x  
unto ! lea/ ( ^! my bre?r51 ye h done x 

unto me4 ,:o1 !n1 w\ld d>e hold a bro!r 
,*ri/ian z a slave8 ,:at6 make m]*&ise (
 ! p]son ( ,*ri/8 ,nev]6 ! cry ( ,judas 
w\ld r+ ar\nd !m z !y 7 driv5           
ignom9i\sly f ! *ur*4  ,:y1 x is        
object$1 did n ! apo/les prea* imm$iate 
emancipation1 in/ead ( indors+ slav]y by
 def9+ its duties--',s]vants1 obey y\r  
ma/]s1' c48 & ,paul ev5 s5t back a      
slave4 #a4 ,! prim>y object ( ! apo/les 
0 n simply to prea* lib]ty to !         
captives2 ?is 0 b a bran* ( ! tree      
plant$ = ! heal+ ( ! nations4 ,_! object
 0 to s[ ! pr9ciples ( fai?1 love1      
ju/ice1 & equality1 well kn[+ t1 :5 ^!  
took root & fl\ri%$1 among ! fir/ fruit 
w\ld be lib]ty to all ! inhabitants ( ! 
l&4 #b4 ,_h ?is be5 _! great object1 !y 
took ! be/ & spe$ie/ plan = its         
accompli%m5t4 ,attack+ ! sy/em directly1
 ! appe>ance ( ! ,*ri/ian mission>y w\ld
 h be5 ! signal = s]vile w> & untold    
blood%$1 ! slave aga9/ ! ma/]1 ! poor   
aga9/ ! ri*2 & ! hea!n rul]s1 eag] = a  
pretext to cru% !m1 w\ld h d5\nc$ !m z  

light+ ! tor* ( rebellion & w>2 & !     
fur!r spread ( ! gospel w\ld h be5 dr[n$
 9 ! blood ( its f\nd]s4 ,b !y took ! v 
c\rse :i* ,god adopt$ among !           
,israelites 9 reg>d to s]vitude1 n      
directly prohibit+ x1 b inculcat+       
pr9ciples ( social equality & progress1 
re/rict+ ! ma/]'s p[]1 & protect+ !     
s]vant's rights1 till1 ma/] & slave     
bl5d$ 9 "o1 ! "n ( slave 0 lo/ 9 t (    
,*ri/ian4 #c4 ,! relation & duties (    
ma/] & s]vant are def9$ by ! apo/les    
exactly z !y might be to-day 9 ,engl& or
 ! free /ates--z ^? ( m51 nev] z own] & 
prop]ty2 on ! contr>y1 all own]%ip ( man
 by o!r ?an ,god is expressly d5i$4 #a  
,cor4 #f3ai1 #bj1 ,:at6 "k ye n t y\r   
body is ! temple ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 y1   
:i* ye h ( ,god1 & ye are n y\r own8 ,= 
ye are b\ght ) a price2 !re=e glorify   
,god 9 y\r body & y\r _s1 :i* are       
,god's4 ,!re ! own]%ip is cle>ly ass]t$2
 h[ c man claim x8 ,r5d] to ,ces> ! ?+s 
t are ,ces>'s1 & to ,god ! ?+s t are    
,god's1 le/ y be f\nd robb+ ,god        

himself4 ,aga91 #a ,cor4 #g3ba1 #bc1    
,art ?\ call$1 be+ a s]vant8 c>e n = x2 
b1 if ?\ may/ be made free1 7dynasai    
g5e/hai1 can/ become free17 use x r4    
,:at c be m explicit ?an ?is8 ,fir/1    
own]%ip ( man is d5i$ ev5 to himself1   
mu* m to ano!r4 ,next1 ! exhortation to 
slaves is1 if !y c n get free f ?is     
great wrong1 to be> x z su*1 b1 if !y c1
 use x r2 & ! reason giv5 is foll[$ by a
 rule ( action to be adopt$ :]ev]       
possible4 ,v]se #bc1 ,ye are b\ght ) a  
price2 ,,be ,,n ,,ye ,,! ,,s]vants ,,(  
,,m54 ,if ?is be n express prohibition (
 *attelism1 & comm& to slaves to free   
!mselves f x1 !n ! language is totally  
contradictory & un9telligible4  ,contra/
 ^! laws ( ,paul ) ! laws ( mo/ ( !     
s\!rn /ates1 =bidd+ ev5 ! ma/] to free 8
 slaves1 :ile /ates & ,congress unite 9 
h\nd+ back to :ip & task ! poor slave :o
 d>es obey t comm&2 nay1 (f] l>ge rew>ds
 = m51 ev5 ,*ri/ian m9i/]s1 :5 attempt+ 
to obey x4 ,b ,paul s5t back ,onesimus  
to 8 ma/]1 & !re=e sanction$ ! s5d+ back

 ( fugitives4 ,we answ]1 !re 0 no s5d+  
back at all4 ,paul1 a prison]1 c\ld n   
s5d him back3 a ,jew1 he 0 =bidd5 by 8  
religion to d s4 ,deut4 #bc3ae4 ,x 0    
simply a recomm5datory lett] s5t )      
,onesimus1 return+ volunt>ily to        
,colosse & 8 ma/]4 ,let u look at !     
lett]4 ,v]se #h beg9s1 ,:]e=e1 ?\gh ,i  
might be mu* bold 9 ,*ri/ to enjo9 !e t 
:i* is conv5i5t1 yet1 = love's sake1 ,i 
r besee* !e4 ,i besee* !e = my son      
,onesimus1 444 :i* 9 "t pa/ 0 to !e     
unpr(itable1 b n[ pr(itable to !e & to  
me2 :om ,i h s5t aga91 444 n n[ z a     
s]vant1 b above a s]vant1 a bro!r       
belov$1 c4 ,"h ,onesimus is describ$ z  
hav+ be51 :ile hea!n1 an unpr(itable    
tr\ble to 8 ma/]1 & _h ei!r run away or 
be5 s5t away by him4 ,conv]t$ at ,rome1 
,paul he>d 8 /ory1 & 9 8 lett]1 in/ead (
 ?9k+ he is do+ ,philemon a favor1 has  
to e>ne/ly besee*1 almo/ comm&1 8       
reception z a favor to himself4 ,n "o ^w
 ( prop]ty or "r 9 him1 save ! "r ( love
 z "o ( ! bro!rhood4 ,,n ,,n[ ,,z ,a    

,,s]vant1 b above a s]vant1 a bro!r     
belov$1 especially to me1 b h[ mu* m to 
!e6 ,onesimus _h left ! slave 9 8       
hea!nism2 9 ,*ri/ he became ! bro!r (   
,philemon & ,paul4 ,in/ead ( sanction+  
*attelism1 x positively d5ies x by      
affirm+ volunt>y s]vice1 ! equality ( m5
 z bre?r51 to be lov$ z ,*ri/ himself4  
,?us ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les1 s f> f uphold+  
*attelism 9 _! tea*+s1 d5\nc$ ! own]%ip 
( man by any b ,god1 & inculcat$ its    
opposite--love1 lib]ty1 equality1 &     
frat]nity--by precept & example4 ,&     
subsequ5t hi/ory %[$ ! result4  ,*ri/   
said ( ! tea*+s ( ! ,ph>isees1 ,by _!   
fruits ye %all "k !m4 ,apply ?is te/ to 
! tea*+s ( ! apo/les & ! primitive      
*ur*es 9 reg>d to slav]y4 ,:5 !y w5t =?1
 d>kness cov]$ ! e>?1 & gross d>kness ! 
p2 slav]y sat en?ron$ 9 might ov]       
,europe2 & ! cries ( ! oppress$ millions
 _h only _h a he>+ on ! battle or be=e !
 ?rone ( ,god4  ,:5 ! ,re=mation came   
slav]y _h disappe>$ 9 ,europe2 & ! voice
 ( ! p 0 he>d ass]t+ _! rights1 feebly1 

inde$1 at fir/1 b ev] s9ce gr[+ /rong] &
 /rong] z ! voice ( _m wat]s4 ,:at has  
caus$ ?is *ange8  ,hi/orians1 ,prote/ant
 & ,ca?olic1 ascribe x to ! influ5ce ( !
 *ur*1 n by direct emancipatory decrees1
 b1 foll[+ ! example ( ,god ?r\gh       
,moses1 by gradually re/rict+ ! ma/]'s  
p[]1 & protect+ ! slave2 by girdl+ !    
poison tree till x )]$ & fell1 ?\gh1 sad
 to say1 ! ru9s /ill disfigure too mu*  
field1 ( ! fair fields ( ,europe &      
,am]ica4  ,no fact is m pat5t 9 hi/ory  
?an ! tru? express$ by ,paul to !       
,cor9?ians3 ,:]e ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is1 !re  
is ,,lib]ty4 ,! :ole t5d5cy ( ! ,bible &
 true ,*ri/ianity1 direct & indirect1 is
 to ! lib]ty & advancem5t1 nev] ! slav]y
 & degradation1 ( man2 & ^? :o h        
attempt$ to %ield ! mon/] curse ( our   
c\ntry & age ) ! g>b ( ! gospel may f9d 
too late1 :5 t awful voice %all r+ 9 _! 
e>s1 ,inasmu* z ye h done x unto "o ( ! 
lea/ ( ^! my bre?r51 ye h done x unto   
me1 t ,*ri/ came n only to prea*        
deliv]ance to ! captives & to set at    

lib]ty !m t are bruis$1 b also ! day (  
v5geance ( our ,god4                    
99       99       99       99       99  
,,am]ican ,,tract ,,society1            
#bh ,cornhill1 ,bo/on4                  
99       99       99       99       99  
,,extract ,,f ,,mr4 ,o',,conor',s       
,,argum5t            ,be=e ! ,new ,york 
,c\rt ( ,appeals1 on ! ,lemmon          
,slave ,case4   ,i submit mo/           
respectfully t ! only desire ,i h       
manife/$ "h or else:]e1 9 ref]5ce to !  
"q1 has be5 to draw ! m9d ( ! c\rt & !  
intellig5t m9d ( ! ,am]ican p1 to ! true
 "q :i* und]lies ! :ole conflict1 & t is
 ! "q to :i* my fri5d 7,w4 ,w4 ,ev>ts1  
,esq47 has address$ ! be/1 &1 9 my      
judgm5t1 ! f9e/ "p ( 8 v able argum5t4  
99 99 99 ,my fri5d d5\nces ! in/itution 
( slav]y z a mon/r\s inju/ice1 z a s91 z
 a violation ( ! law ( ,god & ( ! law ( 
man1 ( natural law or natural ju/ice2 & 
9 8 argum5t 9 ano!r place1 he call$ y\r 
att5tion to ! enormity ( ! result claim$
 9 ?is case1 t ^! eight p]sons--& n only

 !y1 b _! po/]ity to ! remote/ "t--71 by
 y\r ,honors' judgm5t1 to be consign$ to
 ?is %ock+ condition ( abject bondage & 
slav]y4 ,:y1 h[ v small & m9ute 0 t     
pres5tation ( ! subject6 ,my fri5d mu/  
c]ta9ly h us$ ! microscope or rev]s$ !  
telescope1 :51 9 seek+ to pres5t ?is "q 
9 a /rik+ mann] to y\r ,honors' m9ds1 he
 call$ y\r att5tion to ^! few p]sons &  
_! po/]ity4 ,:y1 if y\r ,honors please1 
our t]ritory embraces at ! lea/ e/imate 
?ree millions ( ^! human be+s1 :o1 by   
our laws & in/itutions1 z n[ exi/+ 9 ^! 
/ates1 99 99 99 are n only consign$ to  
hopeless bondage ?r\gh\t _! :ole lives1 
b to a l condition is _! po/]ity        
consign$ to ! remote/ times4 99 99 99 ,x
 is a "q ( ! mightie/ magnitude4 ,b !   
reason :y ,i call y\r ,honors' att5tion 
to its magnitude is ?is3 t y may        
contemplate x 9 ! connection 9 :i* my   
le>n$ fri5d has pres5t$ x2 t x is a     
,,s9--a violation ( natural ju/ice & !  
law ( ,god2 t x is a mon/r\s s*eme (    
iniquity = defraud+ ! labor] ( 8        

wages--"o ( ^? s9s t crie? al\d to heav5
 = v5geance2 t x is a c\rse ( unbridl$  
rap9e1 fraud1 & plund]1 by :i* ?ree     
millions & _! po/]ity are to be oppress$
 ?r\gh\t all "t4 ,n[1 is x a s98 ,is ?is
 an outrage aga9/ div9e law & natural   
ju/ice8 ,if x be su* an outrage1 !n ,i  
say x is a s9 ( ! greate/ magnitude1 ( !
 mo/ enorm\s & flagiti\s "* t 0 ev]     
pres5t$ to ! human m9d4 ,! man :o does n
 %r9k f x ) horror is utt]ly unwor?y !  
"n ( a man4 ,x is no trivial (f5ce1 t   
may be tol]at$ ) limitations &          
qualifications2 t we c excuse ourselves 
= support+ because we h made "s k9d ( a 
b>ga9 to support x4 ,! tongue ( no human
 be+ is capable ( depict+ its enormity2 
x is n 9 ! p[] ( ! human he>t to =m a j 
conception ( its wick$ness & cruelty4 ,&
 :at1 ,i ask1 is ! rational & necess>y  
consequ5ce1 if we reg>d x to be ?us     
s9ful1 ?us unju/1 ?us outrage\s8        
99       99       99  ,dr4 ,hopk9s1 (   
,newport1 be+ mu* engag$ 9 urg+ !       
s9fulness ( slav]y1 call$ "o day at !   

h\se ( ,dr4 ,bellamy 9 ,be?lem1         
,connecticut1 & :ile !re press$ ^u him !
 duty ( lib]at+ 8 only slave4 ,dr4 ,b41 
:o 0 an acute & +5i\s reason]1 def5d$   
slavehold+ by a v>iety ( argum5ts1 to   
:i* ,dr4 ,h4 z ably repli$4 ,at l5g?    
,dr4 ,hopk9s propos$ to ,dr4 ,bellamy   
practical ob$i5ce to ! gold5 rule4 ,w y 
give y\r slave 8 fre$om if he desires x8
 ,dr4 ,b4 repli$ t ! slave 0 fai?ful1   
judici\s1 tru/$ ) e ?+1 & w\ld n accept 
fre$om if (f]$4 ,w y free him if he     
desires x8 repeat$ ,dr4 ,h4 ,yes1 answ]$
 ,dr4 ,bellamy1 ,i w4 ,call him !n4 ,!  
man appe>$4 ,h y a good1 k9d ma/]8 ask$ 
,dr4 ,hopk9s4 ,oh6 yes1 v1 v good4 ,&   
are y happy8 ,yes1 ma/]1 v happy4 ,w\ld 
y be m happy if y 7 free8 ,8 face       
bright5$4 ,oh6 yes1 ma/]1 a great deal m
 happy4 ,f ?is mom5t1 said ,dr4         
,bellamy1 y are free4     ,transcrib]'s 
,note1 ,cont9u$4--,! foll[+ m9or errors 
h be5 correct$3 ! ^w 9 miss+ be=e spite 
on p4 #a 7& spite ( all compromises     
44471 a sup]flu\s quotation m>k on p4 #e

 7,t he _h m5-s]vants 44471 a miss+ d 9 
prais$ on p4 #ag 7is praise z act+71 is 
us$ = 9 on p4 #be 7n[ exi/+ is ^! /ates 
44471 & on p4 #f1 :]e ! fir/ two *>act]s
 ( ,,na> 7 transpos$4 ,also note t !    
au?or us$ ,a%k5azic pronunciation = 8   
translit]ation1 & t x w\ld n be consid]$
 accurate by mod]n /&>ds4 ,alt]native   
translit]ations are3    #a4 auvadh--avad
   #b4 ev$h--ev$   #c4 saukir--sakhir   
#d4 aumau--ama   #e4 %iphe*au--%if*a    
#f4 kaunau--kana   #g4 na>--na'ar   #h4 
,yoval--,yovel