,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture 7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity7 ,illu/ration3 ,s "w ! ,honey ,bees4 ,creatures t by a rule 9 ,nature1 tea* ,! art ( ord] to a peopl$ k+dom4--,%akspe>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,work]4 ,drone4 ,que54 ,! above are a v accurate repres5tations ( ! ,,que51 ! ,,work] & ! ,,drone4 ,! gr\p ( bees 9 ! title page1 repres5ts ! attitude 9 :i* ! bees surr\nd _! ,que5 or ,"m z %e re/s ^u ! comb4 ,,lang/ro? ,,on ,,! ,,hive ,,& ,,! ,,honey-,,bee1 ,a ,bee ,keep]'s ,manual1 ,,by ,,rev4 ,l4 ,l4 ,,lang/ro?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e ,,good ,,"m ,,%\ld ,,be ,,! ,,honor$ ,,que5 ,,( ,a ,,happy ,,family4 ,,nor?ampton3 ,,hopk9s1 ,,bridgman ,,company4 #ahec4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahec1 by ,l4 ,l4 ,,lang/ro?1 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ,massa*usetts4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,mirick1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,gre5field4 ,,preface4 ,?is ,treatise on ! ,hive & ! ,honey-,bee1 is respectfully submitt$ by ! ,au?or1 to ! c&id consid]ation ( ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! culture ( ! mo/ useful z well z wond]ful ,insect1 9 all ! range ( ,animat$ ,nature4 ,! in=mation :i* x conta9s w be f\nd to be greatly 9 advance ( any?+ :i* has yet be5 pres5t$ to ! ,engli% ,read]2 &1 z f> z facilities = practical managem5t are conc]n$1 x is believ$ to be a v mat]ial advance ov] any?+ :i* has hi!rto be5 communicat$ to ! ,api>ian ,public4 ,deb>r$1 by ! /ate ( 8 heal?1 f ! m appropriate duties ( 8 ,(fice1 & compell$ to seek an employm5t :i* w\ld call him1 z mu* z possible1 into ! op5 air1 ! ,au?or indulges ! hope t ! result ( 8 /udies & obs]vations1 9 an important bran* ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 w be f\nd ( s]vice to ! ,community z well z to himself4 ,! satisfaction :i* he has tak5 9 8 rese>*es1 has be5 su* t he has felt exce$+ly desir\s ( int]e/+ o!rs1 9 a pursuit :i*1 7)\t any ref]5ce to its pecuni>y pr(its17 is capable ( excit+ ! delight & en?usiasm ( all intellig5t obs]v]s4 ,! ,creator may be se5 9 all ! works ( 8 h&s2 b 9 few m directly ?an 9 ! wise economy ( ! ,honey-,bee4 ,:at well appo9t$ commonweal?s6 :]e ea* ,adds to ! /ock ( happ9ess = all2 ,wisdom's own =ums6 ^: pr(essors tea* ,eloqu5t lessons 9 _! vault$ hall6 ,gall]ies ( art6 & s*ools ( indu/ry6 ,/ores ( ri* fragrance6 ,or*e/ras ( song6 ,:at m>vel\s seats ( hidd5 al*emy6 ,h[ (t1 :5 w&]+ f> & err+ long1 ,man might le>n tru? & virtue f ! ,,bee6 ,b[r+4 ,! att5tion ( ,cl]gym5 is p>ticul>ly solicit$ to ! /udy ( ?is bran* ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,an intimate acqua9tance ) ! wond]s ( ! ,bee-,hive1 :ile x w\ld b5efit !m 9 v>i\s ways1 might lead !m to draw _! illu/rations1 m f natural objects & ! _w ar\nd !m1 & 9 ?is way to adapt !m bett] to ! compreh5sion & sympa?ies ( _! he>]s4 ,x 01 we "k1 ! con/ant practice ( our ,"l & ,ma/]1 to illu/rate 8 tea*+s f ! birds ( ! air1 ! lilies ( ! field1 & ! common walks ( life & pursuits ( m54 ,common ,s5se1 ,exp]i5ce & ,religion alike dictate t we %\ld foll[ 8 example4 ,l4 ,l4 ,,lang/ro?4 ,gre5field1 ,mass41 ,may #be1 #ahec4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction--,,*apt] ,i4 ,deplorable /ate ( bee-keep+4 ,new era anticipat$1 #ac4 ,hub]'s discov]ies & hives4 ,d\ble hives = protection aga9/ extremes ( temp]ature1 #ad4 ,necess>y to obta9 complete control ( ! combs4 ,tam+ bees4 ,hives ) movable b>s4 ,_! results important1 #ae4 ,bee-keep+ made pr(itable & c]ta94 ,movable frames = comb4 ,bees w "w 9 glass hives expos$ to ! light4 ,dzi]zon's discov]ies1 #af4 ,wagn]'s lett] on ! m]its ( ,dzi]zon's hive & ! movable comb hive1 #ag4 ,sup]iority ( movable comb hive1 #ai4 ,sup]iority ( ,dzi]zon's ov] ! old mode1 #bj4 ,success att5d+ x1 #bb4 ,bee-,j\rnal to be e/abli%$4 ,two ( !m 9 ,g]many4 ,important facts connect$ ) bees h]et(ore discr$it$1 #bc4 ,e ?+ se5 9 obs]v+ hives1 #bd4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,bees ,,capable ,,( ,,dome/ication4 ,a/oni%m5t ( p]sons at _! tam5ess1 #be4 ,bees int5d$ = ! com=t ( man4 ,prop]ties fitt+ !m = dome/ication4 ,bees nev] attack :5 fill$ ) honey1 #bf4 ,sw>m+ bees fill _! honey bags & are peaceable4 ,hiv+ ( bees safe1 #bg4 ,bees _c resi/ ! temptation to fill !mselves ) sweets4 ,manageable by means ( sug>$ wat]1 #bh4 ,special av]sion to c]ta9 p]sons4 ,tobacco smoke to subdue bees %\ld n be us$4 ,motions ab\t a hive %\ld be sl[ & g5tle1 #bi4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,bee4 ,,! ,,drone4 ,,! ,,work]1 #cj4 ,k ( facts relat+ to !m1 necess>y to re> !m ) pr(it4 ,difficult to reason ) "s bee-keep]s4 ,que5 bee ! "m ( ! colony--describ$1 #ca4 ,importance ( que5 to ! colony4 ,respect %[n h] by ! o!r bees4 ,di/urbance occasion$ by h] loss1 #cb4 ,bee-keep]s _c fail to be int]e/$ 9 ! habits ( bees1 #cc4 ,:oev] is fond ( 8 bees is fond ( 8 home4 ,f]tility ( que5 bees "u-e/imat$4 ,fecundation ( eggs ( ! que5 bees1 #cd-cf4 ,hub] v9dicat$4 ,francis ,burn5s4 ,hub] ! pr9ce ( ,api>ians1 #ce4 ,dr4 ,leidy's curi\s dissections1 #cg4 ,wasps & hornets f]tiliz$ l que5 bees4 ,hui%'s inconsi/5cy1 #ch4 ,ret>d$ fecundation productive ( drones only4 ,f]tile work]s produce only drones1 #ci4 ,dzi]zon's op9ions on ?is subject1 #dj4 ,wagn]'s !ory4 ,s+ul> fact 9 ref]5ce to a drone-re>+ colony4 ,drone-lay+ que5 on dissection1 unimpregnat$4 ,dzi]zon's !ory su/a9$1 #da4 ,dead drone = que51 mi/ake ( bees1 #dc4 ,eggs unfecundat$ produce drones4 ,fecundat$ produce work]s2 !ory !re=1 #dd4 ,aphides b once impregnat$ = a s]ies ( g5]ations4 ,k necess>y = success1 ,que5 bee1 process ( lay+1 #de4 ,eggs describ$4 ,hat*+1 #df4 ,l>va1 its food1 its nurs+4 ,caps ( bre$+ & honey cells diff]5t1 #dg4 ,nymph or pupa1 work+4 ,"t ( ge/ation4 ,cells contract$ by cocoons sometimes become too small4 ,que5 bee1 h] mode ( developm5t1 #dh4 ,drone's developm5t4 ,developm5t ( "y bees sl[ 9 cool wea!r or weak sw>ms4 ,temp]ature above #gj deg4 = ! production ( "y4 ,?9 hives1 _! insuffici5cy4 ,brood combs1 dang] ( exposure to l[ temp]ature1 #di4 ,cocoons ( drones & work]s p]fect4 ,cocoons ( que5s imp]fect1 ! cause1 #ej4 ,numb] ( eggs dep5d5t on ! wea!r1 c4 ,sup]num]>y eggs1 h[ dispos$ (1 #ea4 ,que5 bee1 f]tility dim9i%es aft] h] ?ird ye>4 ,dies 9 h] f\r? ye>1 #eb4 ,drones1 description (4 ,_! prop] (fice4 ,de/roy$ by ! bees4 ,:5 fir/ appe>1 #ec4 ,none 9 weak hives4 ,great numb] ( !m4 ,rapid increase ( bees 9 tropical climates1 #ed4 ,h[ to prev5t _! ov] production4 ,expell$ f ! hive1 #ee4 ,if n expell$1 hive %\ld be exam9$4 ,provision to avoid 9 & 9 bre$+1 #ef4 ,close bre$+ enfeebles colonies4 ,work+ bees1 acc\nt (4 ,numb] 9 a hive1 #eh4 ,all females ) imp]fect ov>ies4 ,f]tile work]s n tol]at$ :]e !re are que5s1 #ei4 ,honey receptacle4 ,poll5 basket4 ,! /+4 ,/+ ( bees1 #fj4 ,(t5 lo/ 9 us+4 ,p5alty ( its loss4 ,/+ n lo/ by o!r insects4 ,labors ( work]s1 #fa4 ,age ( bees1 #fb4 ,bees useful to ! la/1 #fc4 ,cocoons n remov$ by ! bees4 ,bre$+ cells becom+ too small are recon/ruct$4 ,old comb %\ld be remov$4 ,brood comb n to be *ang$ e ye>1 #fd4 ,inv5tors ( hives too (t5 m5 ( "o idea4 ,folly ( l>ge closets = bees1 #fe4 ,reason ( limit$ colonies4 ,"m wasps & hornets only survive ,w9t]4 ,que51 process ( re>+1 #ff4 ,royal cells1 #fg4 ,royal ,jelly1 #fh4 ,its effect on ! l>v1 #fi4 ,swamm]dam1 #gj4 ,que5 dep>ts :5 successors are provid$ =4 ,que5s1 artificial re>+1 #ga4 ,int]e/+ exp]im5t1 #gb4 ,objections aga9/ ! ,bible illu/rat$1 #gc4 ,hui% aga9/ ,hub]1 #gd4 ,8 objections pu]ile4 ,objections to ! ,bible ditto1 #ge4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,comb4 ,wax1 h[ made4 ,=m$ ( any sac*>9e sub/ance4 ,hub]'s exp]im5ts1 #gf4 ,high temp]ature necess>y to its composition1 #gg4 ,heat g5]at$ 9 =m+4 ,tw5ty p\nds ( honey to =m "o ( wax4 ,value ( empty comb 9 ! new hive4 ,h[ to free comb f eggs ( ! mo?1 #gh4 ,combs hav+ bee-bread ( great value4 ,h[ to empty comb & replace x 9 ! hive1 #gi4 ,artificial comb4 ,exp]im5t ) wax propos$1 #hj4 ,its results1 if successful4 ,comb made *iefly 9 ! night4 #ha4 ,honey & comb made simultane\sly4 ,wax a non-conductor ( heat4 ,"s ( ! brood cells uni=m 9 size1 o!rs v>y1 #hb4 ,=m ( cells ma!matically p]fect1 #hc4 ,honey comb a demon/ration ( a ,great ,fir/ ,cause1 #hd4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,propolis ,,or ,,bee ,,glue4 ,:5ce x is obta9$4 ,hub]'s exp]im5t1 #he4 ,its use4 ,comb v>ni%$ ) x4 ,! mo? deposits h] eggs 9 x1 #he4 ,propolis difficult = bees to "w4 ,curi\s use ( x by bees1 #hg4 ,+5uity ( bees admirable1 #hh4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,poll5 ,,or ,,bee-,,bread4 ,:5ce obta9$4 ,its use4 ,brood _c be rais$ )\t x4 ,poll5 nitrog5\s4 ,its use discov]$ by ,hub]1 #hi4 ,its collection by bees indicates a heal?y que54 ,exp]im5t %[+ ! importance ( bee-bread to a colony1 #ij4 ,n us$ 9 mak+ comb4 ,bees pref] x fre%4 ,surplus 9 old hives to be us$ to supply its want to "y hives4 ,poll5 & honey bo? secur$ at ! same "t by bees4 ,mode ( ga!r+ poll51 #ia4 ,pack+ d[n4 ,bees ga!r "o k9d ( poll5 at a "t4 ,!y aid 9 ! impregnation ( plants4 ,hi/ory ( ! bee pla9 pro( ( ! wisdom ( ! ,creator4 ,bees made = man1 #ib4 ,virgil's op9ion ( bees4 ,rye meal a sub/itute = poll54 ,quantity us$ by ea* colony1 #ic4 ,:eat fl\r a sub/itute4 ,! improv$ hive facilitates fe$+ bees ) meal4 ,! discov]y ( a sub/itute = poll5 removes an ob/acle to ! cultivation ( honey bees1 #id4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,fifty-f\r ,advantages :i* ought to be f\nd 9 an improv$ hive1 #ie-aaj4 ,"s desirable qualities ! movable comb hive does n pret5d to6 ,is ! result ( ye>s ( /udy & obs]vation4 ,x has be5 te/$ by exp]i5ce1 #aaa4 ,n claim$ z a p]fect hive4 ,old-fa%ion$ bee-keep]s f\nd mo/ pr(it1 c4 ,simple/ =m ( hive1 #aab4 ,bee culture :]e x 0 fifty ye>s ago4 ,be/ hives4 ,new hive is submitt$ to ! judgm5t ( c&id bee-keep]s1 #aac4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,protection ,,aga9/ ,,extremes ,,( ,,heat1 ,,cold ,,& ,,dampness4 ,_m colonies de/roy$ by extremes ( wea!r4 ,evils ( ?9 hives4 ,bees n torpid 9 ,w9t]4 ,:5 froz5 are kill$1 #aad4 ,take ex]cise to keep w>m4 ,p]i% if unable to pres]ve suitable degree ( w>m?4 ,are (t5 />v$ 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty4 ,eat an extra quantity ( food 9 ?91 cold hives1 #aae4 ,muscul> ex]tion occasions wa/e ( muscul> fib]4 ,bees ne$ less food :5 quiet ?an :5 excit$4 ,exp]im5t1 w9t]+ bees 9 a dry cell>1 #aaf4 ,protection mu/ g5]ally be giv5 9 op5 air4 ,none b diseas$ bees dis*>ge fces 9 ! hive4 ,moi/ure1 its injuri\s effects4 ,free air ne$ful 9 cold wea!r1 ) ! common hive1 #aag4 ,loss by _! fly+ out 9 cold wea!r4 ,protection aga9/ extremes ( wea!r ( ! v fir/ importance4 ,honey1 our c\ntry favorable to its production4 ,colonies 9 =e/s /rong4 ,reasons = ?is1 #aah4 ,russian & ,poli% bee-keep]s successful4 ,_! mode ( managem5t1 #aai4 ,objection ( want ( air answ]$1 #abj4 ,bees ne$ b little air 9 ,w9t] if protect$4 ,protection 9 ref]5ce to ! con/ruction ( hives4 ,d\ble hives1 pref]able to plank4 ,made w>m 9 ,w9t] by pack+4 ,d\ble hives1 inside may be ( glass1 #aba4 ,advantages ( glass ov] wood1 #abb4 ,advantages ( d\ble glass4 ,disadvantages ( d\ble hives 9 ,spr+4 ,avoid$ by ! improv$ hive1 #abc4 ,cov]$ ,api>ies exclude ! sun 9 ,spr+4 ,reason = disc>d+ !m4 ,sun1 its effect 9 produc+ e>ly sw>ms 9 ?9 hives4 ,protect$ hives fall = want ( sun4 ,enclos$ ,api>ies1 nuisances4 ,?9 hives ought to be giv5 up1 !y are exp5sive 9 wa/e ( honey & bees1 #abd4 ,comp>ative *eapness ( new & old hives1 #abe4 ,protector aga9/ injuri\s wea!r4 ,prop] location ( bees4 ,prep>ations = sett+ hives1 #abf4 ,protector %\ld be op5 9 ,summ] & bank$ 9 ,w9t]4 ,*eap] ?an an ,api>y4 ,summ] air ( ,protector l =e/ air4 ,9 ,w9t] uni=m & mild1 #abg4 ,bees w n be entic$ out 9 improp] wea!r4 ,secures _! natural heat4 ,dead bees1 c41 to be remov$ 9 ,w9t]4 ,temp]ature ( ! ,protector1 #abh4 ,importance ( ! ,protector4 ,its economy 9 food1 #abi4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,v5tilation4 ,artificial v5tilation produc$ by bees4 ,purity ( air 9 ! hive1 #acj4 ,bad air fatal to bees1 eggs & l>v1 #aca4 ,bees :5 di/urb$ ne$ mu* air4 ,dys5t]y1 h[ produc$4 ,po/ mortem condition ( suffocat$ bees1 #acb4 ,great annoyance ( excessive heat4 ,bees leave ! hive to save ! comb4 ,v5tilat+ in/9ct wond]ful1 #acc4 ,%\ld %ame man = 8 neglect ( v5tilation4 ,comp>ative exp5se ( v5tilation to man & bees1 #acd4 ,importance ( v5tilation to man4 ,its neglect induces disease1 #ace4 ,plants _c ?rive )\t free air4 ,! union ( w>m? & v5tilation 9 ,w9t] an important "q4 ,h\se-build] & /ove-mak] comb9e aga9/ fre% air1 #acf4 ,run-away slave box$ up4 ,evil qualities ( bad air aggravat$ by heat4 ,dwell+s & public build+s g5]ally defici5t 9 v5tilation4 ,deg5]acy w ensue1 #acg4 ,wom5 ! greate/ suff]]s4 ,necessity ( re=m1 #ach4 ,public build+s %\ld be requir$ to h pl5ty ( air4 ,improv$ hive1 its adapt$ness to secure v5tilation1 #aci4 ,nutt's hive too complicat$4 ,v5tilation indep5d5t ( ! entrance1 #adj4 ,hive may be entirely clos$ )\t incommod+ ! bees4 ,v5tilators %\ld be easily removable to be cleans$4 ,v5tilation f above injuri\s except :5 bees are to be mov$1 #ada4 ,v>iable size ( ! entrance adapts x to all seasons4 ,v5tilators %\ld be clos$ 9 ,spr+4 ,d[n+ on v5tilation1 7note17 #adb4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,sw>m+ ,,& ,,hiv+4 ,bees sw>m+ a beautiful sight4 ,poetic description by ,evans4 ,design ( sw>m+1 #adc4 ,! honey bee unlike o!r insects 9 its coloniz+ habits4 ,x is *ill$ by a temp]ature bel[ #ej deg4 ,w\ld p]i% 9 ,w9t] if n congregat$ 9 masses4 ,admirable adaptation1 #add4 ,sw>m+ necess>y4 ,circum/ances 9 :i* x takes place4 ,june ! sw>m+ mon?4 ,prep>ations = sw>m+4 ,old que5 accompanies ! fir/ sw>m4 ,no infallible signs ( #a/ sw>m+1 #ade4 ,fickl5ess ( bees ab\t sw>m+4 ,indications ( sw>m+4 ,h\rs ( sw>m+1 #adf4 ,proce$+s )9 ! hive be=e sw>m+4 ,int]e/+ sc5e4 ,bells & fry+-pans useless1 #adg4 ,neglect$ bees apt to fly away 9 sw>m+4 ,bees prop]ly c>$ = seldom d x4 ,me?ods ( arre/+ _! flight :5 />t$1 #adh4 ,conduct ( bees 9 disagreeable hives1 #adi4 ,:y bees sw>m be=e select+ a new home4 ,!y r>ely clu/] )\t ! que54 ,int]e/+ exp]im5t1 #aej4 ,sc\ts to se>* = new abodes4 ,sc\ts s5t out be=e & aft] sw>m+1 #aea4 ,bees rema9 a:ile aft] alight+4 ,curi\s incid5t /at$ by ,mr4 ,zollick(f]4 ,necessity ( sc\ts4 ,consid]ations confirm$1 #aeb4 ,re-population ( ! hive1 #aec4 ,inability ( bees to f9d _! hive :5 x has be5 remov$4 ,aft] sw>ms1 #aed4 ,diff]5t treatm5t to ! cells ( dead & liv+ que5s4 ,royal l>v sometimes protect$ aga9/ ! que5s4 ,ang] ( ! que5 at su* int]f]5ce1 #aee4 ,second sw>m+1 its indications4 ,"t1 #aef4 ,d\ble sw>ms4 ,?ird sw>m4 ,aft] sw>ms s]i\sly r$uce ! /r5g? ( ! hive4 ,wise arrangem5t1 #aeg4 ,aft]-sw>m+ avoid$ by ! improv$ hive4 ,impregnation ( que5s4 ,dang]\s = que5s to mi/ake _! own hives1 #aeh4 ,precautions aga9/ ?is4 ,prop] color = hives4 ,"t ( lay+ eggs4 ,none b work] eggs1 ! fir/ season1 #aei4 ,directions = hiv+4 ,hives %\ld be pa9t$ & well dri$4 ,bees reluctant to ent] ?9 w>m hives 9 ! sun1 #afj4 ,managem5t ) ! improv$ hives1 #afa4 ,drone combs %\ld nev] be us$ z guide comb4 ,pleasure ( bees 9 f9d+ comb 9 _! new qu>t]s4 ,bees nev] volunt>ily ent] empty hives4 ,rubb+ ! hive ) h]bs useless1 #afb4 ,small trees or bu%es 9 front ( hives4 ,inexp]i5c$ ,api>ian %\ld we> a bee-dress4 ,mod]ate dispat* 9 hiv+ ne$ful1 #afc4 ,process ( hiv+ p>ticul>ly describ$1 #afd4 ,old me?od ( hiv+ %\ld be ab&on$1 #aff4 ,importance ( spe$y hiv+4 ,%\ld be mov$ z soon z hiv$4 ,curi\s fact /at$ by ,dr4 ,scudamore1 7note71 #afg4 ,h[ to secure ! que54 ,%e does n /+4 ,hiv+ be=e ! hives are ready1 #afh4 ,ano!r me?od ( hiv+4 ,natural sw>m+ pr(itable4 ,objections to natural sw>m+4 ,common hive gives inadequate w9t] protection1 #afi4 ,) x1 ! bees (t5 sw>m too mu*4 ,) ! improv$ hive ?is is avoid$4 ,disadvantages ( return+ aft]-sw>ms4 ,?ird objection1 inability to /r5g!n small late sw>ms1 #agj4 ,evils ( feeble /ocks4 ,f\r? objection1 loss ( que5 irrep>able4 ,by ! new hive h] loss is easily suppli$1 #aga4 ,fif?1 common hives inconv5i5t :5 bees d n sw>m4 ,?is objection remov$ by ! new hive4 ,six?1 ! ravages ( ! mo? easily prev5t$ by ! improv$ hive4 ,sev5?1 ! old que51 :5 inf]tile1 _c be remov$ or replac$4 ,bo? c be done by ! new hive1 #agb4 ,,*apt] ,x4 7,two ,*apt]s numb]$ x1 by error ( ! ,press47 ,,artificial ,,sw>m+4 ,num]\s ef=ts to disp5se ) natural sw>m+4 ,difficulties ( natural sw>m+4 ,fir/1 _m sw>ms are lo/1 #agc4 ,second1 "t & labor requir$4 ,sabba? labor1 #agd4 ,p]plexities to f>m]s4 ,?ird1 l>ge ,api>ies _c be e/abli%$1 #age4 ,f\r?1 unc]ta9ty ( sw>m+4 ,disappo9tm5ts f ?is s\rce1 #agf4 ,ef=ts to devise a sur] me?od1 #agh4 ,columellas's mode ( obta9+ sw>ms4 ,hyg9us4 ,small success :i* att5d$1 ^? ef=ts1 ,s*ira*'s discov]y1 #agi4 ,hub]'s directions4 ,n adapt$ to g5]al use4 ,divid+ hives 9 ?is c\ntry unsuitable4 ,bees )\t mature que5s make no prep>ation to re> work]s1 #ahj4 ,divid+ hives to multiply colonies w n answ]1 #aha4 ,hub]'s hive ev51 inadequate4 ,common divid+ hives unsuccessful4 ,multiply+ by brood comb 9 an empty hive1 va91 #ahb4 ,multiply+ by removal & sub/itution useless4 ,mortality ( bees 9 work+ season1 #ahc4 ,connect+ ap>tm5ts a failure1 #ahd4 ,_m pref] non-sw>m+ hives1 #ahe4 ,pr(itable 9 honey b calculat$ to ext]m9ate ! insect4 ,improv$ hive good non-sw>m]1 if desir$4 ,disadvantages ( non-sw>m+4 ,que5 bee becomes inf]tile4 ,rem$i$ by ! use ( ! improv$ hive1 #ahf4 ,practicable mode ( artificial sw>m+1 #ahg4 ,bees w welcome to _! hives /range bees t come load$4 ,w de/roy su* z come empty1 #ahh4 ,=c$ sw>m+ requires k ( ! economy ( ! bee-hive4 ,common hives give no facility = le>n+ ! bee's habits4 ,equaliz+ a divid$ sw>m1 #aij4 ,bees 9 p>5t hive1 if remov$1 to be conf9$ & wat]$1 #aia4 ,bees remov$ w return to _! old place4 ,supply+ bees ) wat] by a /raw4 ,wat] necess>y to prep>e food = ! l>v1 #aib4 ,new =c$ sw>ms to be return$ to ! place ( ! old "o1 or remov$ to a di/ance4 ,treatm5t to wont !m to new place 9 ! ,api>y1 #aic4 ,bees =get _! new locations4 ,objection to =c$ sw>m+ 9 common hives1 #aid4 ,=c$ sw>m+ by ! new hives removes ! objection4 ,mode ( =c+ sw>ms by ! new hives1 #aie4 ,que5 to be se>*$ =4 ,important t %e %\ld be 9 ! "r hive1 #aif4 ,conv5i5ce ( =c$ sw>m+ 9 supply+ extra que5s4 ,mode ( supply+ !m4 ,%\ld be done by day light & 9 pleasant wea!r1 #aig4 ,honey-wat] n to be us$4 ,safety to ! op]ator4 ,=c$ sw>m+ may be p]=m$ at mid-day4 ,advantages ( ! %ape ( ! new hive1 #aih4 ,hub]'s obs]vation on ! effect ( sudd5 light 9 ! hive4 ,true solution ( ! ph5om5on4 ,bees at ! top ( ! hive1 less bellig]5t ?an ^? at ! bottom1 #aii4 ,sudd5 j>s to be avoid$4 ,removal ( honey-bo>d4 ,spr9kl+ ) sug>-wat]1 #bjj4 ,loos5+ ! frames4 ,remov+ ! comb4 ,bees w adh]e to _! comb1 #bja4 ,natural sw>m+ imitat$4 ,h[ to cat* ! que54 ,frames protect$ f cold & robb]y by bees4 ,frames return$ to ! hive4 ,honey-cov]1 h[ manag$4 ,motions ( bee-keep] to be g5tle4 ,bees mu/ n be brea!d on4 ,success 9 ! op]ation c]ta91 #bjb4 ,new colonies may be ?us =m$ 9 t5 m9utes4 ,natural sw>m+ :olly prev5t$4 ,if attempt$ by ! bees _c succe$4 ,h[ to remove ! w+s ( ! que5s1 #bjc4 ,precaution aga9/ loss ( que5 by old age4 ,advantages ( ?is1 #bjd4 ,c]ta9ty & ease ( artificial sw>m+ ) ! new hive4 ,aft]-sw>ms prev5t$ if desir$1 #bje4 ,l>ge h>ve/s ( honey & aft]-sw>m+ impracticable4 ,dang] ( too rapid increase ( /ocks4 ,importance ( und]/&+ 8 object1 by ! bee-keep]1 #bjf4 ,! matt] made pla91 #bjg4 ,api>ians dissuad$ f m ?an tripl+ _! /ocks 9 a ye>4 ,t5fold increase ( /ocks atta9able1 #bji4 ,c]ta9 increase1 n rapid1 mo/ ne$$4 ,cautions conc]n+ exp]im5ts1 #baj4 ,honey1 l>ge/ yield obta9$ by d\bl+ colonies4 ,! process1 #baa4 ,may be done at sw>m+ "t4 ,bees recognize ea* o!r by smell1 #bac4 ,importance ( foll[+ ^! directions illu/rat$4 ,process ( unit+ sw>ms simplifi$ by ! new hive1 #bad4 ,v rapid increase ( colonies prec>i\s4 ,mode ( effect+ ! mo/ rapid increase1 #bae4 ,nucleus sy/em1 #bag4 ,c a que5 be rais$ f any egg8 ,two sorts ( work]s1 wax work]s & nurses1 #bah4 ,probable explication ( a difficulty1 #bai4 ,exp]im5t+ difficult "w4 ,sw>m+ season be/ "t = artificial sw>m+4 ,amus+ p]plexity ( bees on f9d+ _! hive *ang$1 #bbj4 ,p]sev]ance ( bees4 ,int]e/+ incid5t illu/rat+ x1 #bba4 ,novel & successful mode ( =m+ nuclei1 #bbc4 ,mode ( manag+ nuclei1 #bbe4 ,dang] ( ov]-fe$+4 ,increas+ /ocks by d\bl+ hives1 #bbi4 ,important rule = multiply+ /ocks4 ,h[ to direct ! /r5g? ( a colony to ! re>+ ( "y bees1 #bcj4 ,prop] dim5sions ( hives4 ,reasons !re=1 #bca4 ,easy con/ruction ( ! improv$ hive4 ,precaution ( que5 bees 9 _! combats1 #bcd4 ,reluctance ( bees to receive a new que54 ,exp$i5t to ov]come ?is4 ,que5 nurs]y1 #bce4 ,mode ( re>+ num]\s que5s1 #bcg4 ,control ( ! comb ! s\l ( good bee-culture4 ,objection aga9/ bee-keep+ answ]$1 #bcc4 ,no royal road to bee-keep+4 ,a pr$iction1 #bci4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,enemies ,,( ,,bees4 ,bee-mo?1 its ravages4 ,defiance aga9/ x1 #bdj4 ,its habits4 ,kn[n to ,virgil4 ,"t ( appe>ance4 ,nocturnal 9 habits1 #bda4 ,_! agility4 ,vigilance ( ! bees aga9/ ! mo?4 ,havoc ( s9 9 ! he>t1 #bdb4 ,disgu/+ effects ( ! mo? worm 9 a hive4 ,wax ! food ( ! mo? l>v4 ,mak+ _! cocoons1 #bdc4 ,devices to escape ! bees4 ,"t ( developm5t1 #bdd4 ,habits ( ! female :5 lay+ eggs4 ,( ! worm :5 hat*$1 #bde4 ,our climate favorable to ! increase ( ! mo?4 ,mo? n a native ( ,am]ica1 #bdf4 ,honey1 its =m] pl5ty4 ,pres5t depressure ( its culture4 ,old mode ( culture describ$1 #bdg4 ,depr$ations ( ! mo? increas$ by pat5t hives4 ,aim ( pat5t hives4 ,sulphur or />vation1 #bdi4 ,feeble sw>ms a nuisance1 #bej4 ,notion prevail+ 9 relation to break+ up /ocks4 ,improv$ hives valueless )\t improv$ sy/em ( treatm5t1 #bea4 ,pret5d$ secrets 9 ! managem5t ( bees4 ,/rong /ocks ?rive "u almo/ any circum/ances1 #beb4 ,/ocks 9 co/ly hives4 ,circum/ances "u :i* ! mo? succe$s 9 a hive1 #bec4 ,signs ( worms 9 a hive1 #bed4 ,:5 entr5*$ difficult to remove4 ,me?od ( avoid+ _! ravages1 #bee4 ,combs hav+ mo? eggs to be remov$ & smok$1 #beg4 ,uncov]$ comb to be remov$1 #beh4 ,loss ( ! que5 ! mo/ fruitful occasion ( ravages by ! mo?4 ,exp]im5ts on ?is po9t1 #bei4 ,attempts to def5d a que5less sw>m aga9/ ! mo? useless1 #bfj4 ,/rong que5less colonies de/roy$ :5 feeble ones ) que5s are unt\*$4 ,common hives furni% no rem$y = ! loss ( ! que54 ,colonies )\t que5s w p]i%1 if n de/roy$ by ! mo?1 #bfa4 ,/rong /ocks rob que5less ones4 ,pr9cipal reasons ( protection1 #bfb4 ,small /ocks %\ld h small space4 ,ineffici5cy ( v>i\s contrivances1 #bfc4 ,useful precautions :5 us+ common hives4 ,de/roy ! l>v ( ! mo? e>ly4 ,decoy ( a wool5 rag1 #bfd4 ,holl[ or split /icks = traps4 ,if ! que5 be lo/1 & worms infe/ ! colony1 break x up4 ,provision ( ! improv$ hives aga9/ mo?s1 #bfe4 ,mo?-traps no help to c>eless bee-keep]s4 ,incorrigibly c>eless p]sons %\ld h no?+ to d ) bees1 #bff4 ,worms1 h[ remov$ f an improv$ hive4 ,sweet solutions useful to cat* ! mo?s4 ,int]e/+ rem>ks ( ,h4 ,k4 ,oliv]1 on ! bee-mo?1 #bfg4 ,ravages ( mice4 ,birds4 ,obs]vations on ! k+-bird1 #bfi4 ,inhumanity & injuri\s effects ( de/roy+ birds1 #bgj4 ,o!r enemies ( ! bee4 ,precautions aga9/ dys5t]y4 ,bees n to be f$ on liquid honey late 9 ! season4 ,f\l brood ( ! ,g]mans1 #bga4 ,produc$ by ,am]ican ,honey4 ,peculi> k9d ( dys5t]y1 #bgb4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,loss ,,( ,,! ,,que54 ,que5 (t5 lo/4 ,que5s ( /rong hives seldom p]i% )\t provid+ = successors4 ,_! dea? commonly occurs "u favorable circum/ances1 #bgc4 ,"y que5 sometimes matur$ be=e ! dea? ( ! old "o4 ,sup]annuat$ que5s incapable ( lay+ work] eggs4 ,case ( precoci\s sup]annuation1 #bgd4 ,signs t !re is no que5 9 a hive4 ,signs ( que5less hives1 #bge4 ,exhortation to wives1 #bgf4 ,difficult 9 common hives1 to decide on ! condition ( ! /ock4 ,always easy ) ! movable comb hive1 #bgg4 ,bees sometimes refuse to accept ( aid 9 _! que5less /ate4 ,p>allel 9 human conduct4 ,"y bees 9 su* hives w at once provide = a que54 ,an appeal to ! "y1 #bgh4 ,hives %\ld be exam9$ e>ly 9 ,spr+4 ,de/itute /ocks %\ld be unit$ to o!rs hav+ que5s4 ,reasons !re=4 ,g5]al treatm5t 9 e>ly ,spr+1 #bgi4 ,hives %\ld be cleans$ 9 ,spr+4 ,durability & *eapness ( hives1 #bhj4 ,undue reg>d to m]e *eapness4 ,v>i\s causes de/ructive ( que5s1 #bha4 ,agitation ( ! bees on miss+ _! que51 #bhb4 ,treatm5t ( sw>ms t h lo/ _! que5s1 #bhc4 ,exam9ation ( ! hive ne$ful1 #bhd4 ,exam9ation & treatm5t 9 ! ,fall4 ,p]sons :o _c att5d to _! bees !mselves1 may safely entru/ _! c>e to o!rs1 #bhe4 ,bus9ess ( ! ,api>ian unit$ ) t ( ! g>dn]4 ,exp]im5ts ) que5 bees1 #bhf4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,union ,,( ,,/ocks4 ,,transf]r+ ,,bees4 ,,/>t+ ,,an ,,api>y4 ,que5less colonies %\ld be brok5 up1 ,spr+ & ,fall4 ,small colonies %\ld be unit$4 ,animal heat necess>y 9 a hive4 ,small sw>ms 9 ,w9t] consume mu* honey1 #bhg4 ,colonies to be unit$1 %\ld /& side by side4 ,h[ to effect ?is4 ,removal ( an ,api>y 9 ! work+ season1 #bhh4 ,to secure ! l>ge/ quantity ( honey f a giv5 numb] ( /ocks1 #bhi4 ,non-sw>m+ plan4 ,mod]ate increase be/1 #bij4 ,transf]r+ bees f common1 to ! movable comb hive1 #bia4 ,successful exp]im5t4 ,%\ld n be attempt$ 9 cold wea!r4 ,! process ( transf]1 #bib4 ,be/ "t4 ,may be done at any season :5 ! wea!r is w>m1 #bid4 ,precaution aga9/ robb+1 #bie4 ,combs %\ld be transf]r$ ) ! bees1 #bif4 ,caution on try+ new hives1 #big4 ,?rifty old sw>ms4 ,conditions ( _! ?rift1 #bih4 ,procur+ bees to />t an ,api>y4 ,new e>ly sw>ms be/4 ,signs to guide ! inexp]i5c$ buy]1 #bii4 ,directions = remov+ old colonies4 ,= remov+ new sw>ms1 #cjj4 ,to procure honey ! fir/ season4 ,novices %\ld beg9 9 a small way4 ,neglect$ ,api>y1 #cjc4 ,sup]/itions ab\t bees4 ,cautions to ! inexp]i5c$1 aga9/ transf]r+1 r5ew$4 ,p>allel betwe5 bees & covet\s m51 #cjd4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,robb+4 ,idl5ess a great cause ( x1 #cje4 ,colonies %\ld be exam9$ & suppli$ ) food 9 ,spr+4 ,appe>ance ( robb] bees1 #cjf4 ,_! suspici\s actions4 ,are real ,j]ry ,sneaks1 #cjh4 ,highway robb]s1 #cji4 ,bee battles4 ,subject$ bees unite ) ! conqu]ors4 ,cautions aga9/ robb]y4 ,importance ( gu>d+ aga9/ robb]y1 #caj4 ,effici5cy ( ! movable blocks to ?is end4 ,comb ) honey n to be expos$1 #caa4 ,curi\s case ( robb]y1 #cad4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,directions ,,= ,,fe$+ ,,bees4 ,fe$+ greatly mismanag$4 ,condition ( ! bees %\ld be asc]ta9$ 9 ! ,spr+4 ,!y %\ld be suppli$ if ne$y1 #cae4 ,_m p]i% f want4 ,connection betwe5 fe$+ & bre$+ 9 ! hive1 #caf4 ,caution 9 fe$+ necess>y4 ,results ( ov] fe$+1 #cag4 ,necess>y to fe$ l>gely 9 multiply+ /ocks4 ,h[ to fe$ weak sw>ms 9 ,spr+1 #cai4 ,consid]ations gov]n+ ! quantity ( food1 #cbj4 ,ma9 object to produce bees4 ,prop] condition ( an ,api>y at close ( honey season1 #cba4 ,fe$+ = ,w9t] att5d$ to 9 ,augu/4 ,unseal$ honey s\rs4 ,s\r food is un:olesome to bees4 ,/rik+ in/ance1 #cbb4 ,sp>e honey to be apportion$ among ! /ocks4 ,sw>ms ) ov]/ocks ( honey d n bre$ s well4 ,surplus honey 9 ,spr+ to be remov$1 #cbc4 ,full frames ex*ang$ = empty ones4 ,feeble /ocks 9 ,fall1 to be brok5 up4 ,pr(its all come f /rong sw>ms4 ,composition ( a good bee-fe$1 #cbd4 ,directions = fe$+ ) ! improv$ hive1 #cbe4 ,fe$+ useless :5 b little comb 9 ! hive1 #cbf4 ,top fe$+4 ,fe$] describ$4 ,importance ( wat] to bees1 #cbh4 ,sug> c&y a valuable sub/itute = honey4 ,summ] fe$+1 #ccj4 ,bees ) prop] c>e ne$ b little fe$+4 ,quantity ( honey necess>y to w9t] a /ock1 #cca4 ,fe$+ z a s\rce ( pr(it4 ,sell+ ,w4 ,i4 honey a *eat1 #ccb4 ,honey n a secretion ( ! bee4 ,evaporation ( its wat] ! pr9cipal *ange x und]goes1 #ccd4 ,folly ( dilut+ ! fe$ ( bees too mu*4 ,fe$]s ( *eap honey = m>ket1 deceiv]s or deceiv$1 #cce4 ,artificial liquid honey1 #ccf4 ,improv$ ,maple sug>1 #ccg4 ,fe$+ bees on artificial honey n pr(itable1 #ccg4 ,dang]\s fe$+ bees )\t floats4 ,_! infatuation = liquid sweets1 #cci4 ,l t ( ! inebriate = 8 cups1 #cdj4 ,av>ice 9 bees & m51 #cda4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,honey4 ,,pa/urage4 ,,ov]/ock+4 ,honey ! product ( fl[]s1 #cdb4 ,honey dew4 ,aphides1 #cdc4 ,qualities ( honey1 #cde4 ,poison\s honey4 ,innoxi\s by boil+4 ,pres]v+ honey1 #cdf4 ,modes ( tak+ honey f ! hive4 ,objections to glass vessels1 #cdg4 ,pa/ebo>d boxes pref]r$4 ,honey %\ld be h&l$ c>efully4 ,patt]n comb to be us$ 9 ! boxes4 ,honey safely remov$1 #cdh4 ,%\ld n be tak5 f ! bees 9 l>ge quantities dur+ honey h>ve/4 ,pa/urage1 #cdi4 ,! ,will[4 ,sug> ,maple & o!r honey-yield+ trees1 #cej4 ,l9d5 tree z an ornam5t4 ,:ite clov]1 #cea4 ,recomm5d$ by ,hon4 ,fr$]ick ,holbrook z a grass crop1 #ceb4 ,sweet-sc5t$ clov]1 #cfc4 ,hybrid clov] front ,sw$51 #ced4 ,buck:eat4 ,raspb]ry1 #cee4 ,g>d5 fl[]s4 ,ov]/ock+1 #cef4 ,little dang] ( x4 ,bee-keep]s & ,napoleon4 ,no ov]/ock+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,lett] f ,mr4 ,wagn] on ! subject1 #ceg4 ,flight ( bees = food1 #cfa4 ,advantages ( a good hive 9 sav+ "t & honey4 ,en]gies ( bees limit$4 ,bees injur$ by w9ds1 #cfb4 ,protector saves !m f h>m4 ,e/imat$ pr(its ( bee-culture4 ,advice to ! c>eless1 #cfc4 ,value ( ,dzi]zon's sy/em4 ,adopt$ by ! gov]nm5t ( ,norway4 ,want ( ,national enc\ragem5t to agriculture1 7note71 #cfd4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,ang] ,,( ,,bees4 ,,rem$y ,,= ,,_! ,,/+4 ,,bee-,,dress4 ,,in/9cts ,,( ,,bees4 ,g5tl5ess ( ! bee1 #cfe4 ,feats ( ,wildman4 ,int]e/+ incid5t1 #cff4 ,discov]y ( a univ]sal law4 ,its importance & results1 #cfg4 ,cross bees diseas$4 ,nev] necess>y to provoke a :ole colony ( bees1 #cfh4 ,dang] f bees :5 provok$4 ,a ^w to females1 #cfi4 ,k9dness ( bees to "o ano!r4 ,contra/ ) "s *ildr51 #cgj4 ,effects ( a /+4 ,! poison1 #cga4 ,peculi> odors (f5sive to bees4 ,precautions aga9/ animals & human robb]s1 #cgb4 ,s5se ( smell 9 ! bee1 #cgc4 ,by ?is !y di/+ui% _! hive companions4 ,robb]s repell$ by odors1 #cgd4 ,/ocks unit$ by !m1 #cge4 ,w>n+ giv5 by bees be=e /++4 ,h[ to act :5 assault$ by bees1 #cgf4 ,rem$ies = ! /+1 #cgg4 ,bee-dress1 #chj4 ,in/9cts ( bees1 #cha4 ,di/9ction betwe5 in/9ct 9 animals & reason 9 m54 ,rem>kable in/ance ( sagacity 9 bees1 #chc4 ,facilities af=d$ by ! ,au?or's ,improv$ ,obs]v+ ,hive4 ,indebt$ness ( ! au?or to ,s4 ,wagn]1 ,esq41 #chd4 ,,adv]tisem5t ,l4 ,l4 ,,lang/ro?',s ,,movable ,,comb ,,hive4 ,pat5t$ ,octob] #e1 #ahfb4 ,ea* comb 9 ?is hive is atta*$ to a sep>ate1 movable frame1 & 9 less ?an five m9utes !y may all be tak5 out1 )\t cutt+ or injur+ !m1 or at all enrag+ ! bees4 ,weak /ocks may be quickly /r5g!n$ by help+ !m to honey & matur+ brood f /rong] ones2 que5less colonies may be rescu$ f c]ta9 ru9 by supply+ !m ) ! means ( obta9+ ano!r que52 & ! ravages ( ! mo? effectually prev5t$1 z at any "t ! hive may be readily exam9$ & all ! worms1 c41 remov$ f ! combs4 ,new colonies may be =m$ 9 less "t ?an is usually requir$ to hive a natural sw>m2 or ! hive may be us$ z a non-sw>m]1 or manag$ on ! common sw>m+ plan4 ,! surplus honey may be tak5 f ! int]ior ( ! hive on ! frames or 9 upp] boxes or glasses1 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t1 beautiful & saleable =ms4 ,colonies may be safely transf]r$ f any o!r hive to ?is1 at any season ( ! ye>1 f ,april to ,octob]1 z ! brood1 combs1 honey & all ! cont5ts ( ! hive are transf]r$ ) !m1 & securely fa/5$ 9 ! frames4 ,t ! combs c always be remov$ f ?is hive ) ease & safety1 & t ! new sy/em1 by giv+ ! p]fect control ov] all ! combs1 effects a complete revolution 9 practical bee-keep+1 ! subscrib] pref]s to prove r ?an ass]t4 ,practical ,api>ians & all :o wi% to pur*ase rights & hives1 are invit$ to visit 8 ,api>y1 :]e combs1 honey & bees w be tak5 f ! hives2 colonies :i* may be br\ght to him = t purpose1 transf]r$ f any old hive2 que5s1 & ! :ole process ( re>+ !m con/antly exhibit$2 new colonies =m$1 & all processes connect$ ) ! practical managem5t ( an ,api>y fully illu/rat$ & expla9$4 ,^? :o h any consid]able numb] ( bees1 w f9d x to _! int]e/ to h at lea/ "o movable comb-hive 9 _! ,api>y1 f :i* !y may1 9 a few m9utes1 supply any colony :i* has lo/ its que51 ) ! means ( re>+ ano!r4 ,! hive & "r w be furni%$ on ! foll[+ t]ms4 ,= an individual or f>m "r1 five doll>s4 ,?is w entitle ! pur*as] to use & con/ruct = 8 own use on 8 own premises1 z _m hives z he *ooses4 ,! hives are manufactur$ by ma*9]y1 & c probably be deliv]$1 freight includ$1 at any ,railroad ,/ation 9 ,new ,engl&1 or ,new ,york1 *eap] ?an !y c\ld be made 9 small quantities on ! spot4 ,on receipt ( a hive1 ! pur*as] c decide = himself1 :e!r he pref]s to make !m1 or to ord] !m ( ! ,pat5tee4 ,= "o doll>1 po/age paid1 ! book w be s5t free by mail4 ,on receipt ( t5 doll>s1 a beautiful hive %[+ all ! combs1 7) glass on f\r sides17 w be s5t ) "r1 freight paid to any railroad /ation 9 ,new ,engl& or ,new ,york3 a "r & hive :i* w accommodate two colonies1 ) glass on ea* side1 = twelve doll>s2 = sev5 doll>s1 a "r & a well made hive t any "o c con/ruct :o c h&le ! simple/ tools4 ,9 all cases :]e ! hives are s5t out ( ,new ,engl& or ,new ,york1 z ! freight w n be prepaid1 a doll> w be d$uct$ f ! above prices4 ,address ,l4 ,l4 ,,lang/ro?1 ,gre5field1 ,mass4 ,,introduction ,,*apt] ,i4 ,! pres5t condition ( practical bee-keep+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 is kn[n to be deplorably l[4 ,f ! great mass ( agriculturi/s1 & o!rs favorably situat$ = obta9+ honey1 x receives n ! slighte/ att5tion4 ,not)/&+ ! l>ge numb] ( pat5t hives :i* h be5 introduc$1 ! ravages ( ! bee-mo? h increas$1 & success is becom+ m & m prec>i\s4 ,multitudes h ab&on$ ! pursuit 9 disgu/1 :ile _m ( ! mo/ exp]i5c$1 are fa/ settl+ d[n into ! conviction t all ! s-call$ ,improv$ ,hives are delusions1 & t !y mu/ return to ! simple box or holl[ log1 & take up _! bees ) sulphur1 9 ! old-fa%ion$ way4 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( public op9ion1 x requires no little c\rage to v5ture ^u ! introduction ( a new hive & sy/em ( managem5t2 b ,i feel confid5t t a new era 9 bee-keep+ has arriv$1 & invite ! att5tion ( all int]e/$1 to ! reasons = ?is belief4 ,a p]usal ( ?is ,manual1 w1 ,i tru/1 conv9ce !m t !re is a bett] way ?an any ) :i* !y h yet be5 acqua9t$4 ,!y w "h f9d _m hi!rto my/]i\s po9ts 9 ! physiology ( ! honey-bee1 cle>ly expla9$1 & mu* valuable in=mation nev] be=e communicat$ to ! public4 ,x is n[ ne>ly fifte5 ye>s s9ce ,i fir/ turn$ my att5tion to ! cultivation ( bees4 ,! /ate ( my heal? hav+ compell$ me to live m & m 9 ! op5 air1 ,i h devot$ a l>ge portion ( my "t1 ( late ye>s1 to a c>eful inve/igation ( _! habits1 & to a s]ies ( m9ute & ?or\gh exp]im5ts 9 ! con/ruction ( hives1 & ! be/ me?ods ( manag+ !m1 s z to secure ! l>ge/ practical results4 ,v e>ly 9 my ,api>ian /udies1 ,i procur$ an import$ copy ( ! "w ( ! celebrat$ ,hub]1 & con/ruct$ a hive on 8 plan1 :i* furni%$ me ) favorable opportunities ( v]ify+ "s ( 8 mo/ valuable discov]ies2 & ,i soon f\nd t ! prejudices exi/+ aga9/ him1 7 entirely unf\nd$4 ,believ+ t 8 discov]ies laid ! f\ndation = a m ext5d$ & pr(itable sy/em ( bee-keep+1 ,i began to exp]im5t ) hives ( v>i\s con/ruction4 ,! result ( all ^! inve/igations fell f> %ort ( my expectations4 ,i became1 h[ev]1 mo/ ?or\ghly conv9c$ t no hives 7 fit to be us$1 unless !y furni%$ uncommon protection aga9/ extremes ( heat & m especially ( ,,cold4 ,i accord+ly disc>d$ all ?9 hives made ( in* /uff1 & con/ruct$ my hives ( d\bl$ mat]ials1 enclos+ a dead air space all ar\nd4 ,^! hives1 al?\gh m exp5sive 9 ! fir/ co/1 prov$ to be mu* *eap] 9 ! end1 ?an ^? ,i _h previ\sly us$4 ,! bees w9t]$ rem>kably well 9 !m1 & sw>m$ e>ly & ) unusual regul>ity4 ,my next /ep 9 advance1 01 :ile ,i secur$ my surplus honey 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t1 beautiful & salable =ms1 s to facilitate ! entrance ( ! bees into ! honey receptacles1 z to secure ! l>ge/ fruits f _! labors4 ,al?\gh ,i felt confid5t t my hive possess$ "s valuable peculi>ities1 ,i /ill f\nd myself unable to rem$y _m ( ! casualties to :i* bee-keep+ is liable4 ,i n[ p]ceiv$ t no hive c\ld be made to answ] my expectations unless x gave me ! complete control ( ! combs1 s t ,i might remove any1 or all ( !m at pleasure4 ,! use ( ! ,hub] hive _h conv9c$ me t ) prop] precautions1 ! combs might be remov$ )\t enrag+ ! bees1 & t ^! insects 7 capable ( be+ dome/icat$ or tam$1 to a mo/ surpris+ degree4 ,a k ( ^! facts 0 absolutely necess>y to ! fur!r progress ( my inv5tion1 = )\t x1 ,i %\ld h reg>d$ a hive design$ to all[ ( ! removal ( ! combs1 z too dang]\s 9 use1 to be ( any practical value4 ,at fir/1 ,i us$ movable slats or b>s plac$ on rabbets 9 ! front & back ( ! hive4 ,! bees 7 induc$ to build _! combs ^u ^! b>s1 & 9 c>ry+ !m d[n1 to fa/5 !m to ! sides ( ! hive4 ,by sev]+ ! atta*m5ts to ! sides1 ,i 0 able1 at any "t1 to remove ! combs susp5d$ f ! b>s4 ,!re 0 no?+ new 9 ! use ( movable b>s2 ! inv5tion be+ probably1 at lea/1 a hundr$ ye>s old2 & ,i _h myself us$ su* hives on ,bevan's plan1 v e>ly 9 ! comm5cem5t ( my exp]im5ts4 ,! *ief peculi>ity 9 my hives1 z n[ con/ruct$1 0 ! facility ) :i* ^! b>s c\ld be remov$ )\t enrag+ ! bees1 & _! comb9ation ) my new mode ( obta9+ ! surplus honey4 ,) hives ( ?is con/ruction ,i comm5c$ exp]im5t+ on a l>g] scale ?an ev]1 & soon arriv$ at results :i* prov$ to be ( ! v fir/ importance4 ,i f\nd myself able1 if ,i wi%$ x1 to disp5se entirely ) natural sw>m+1 & yet to multiply colonies ) mu* great] rapidity & c]ta9ty ?an by ! common me?ods4 ,i c\ld1 9 a %ort "t1 /r5g!n my feeble colonies1 & furni% ^? :i* _h lo/ _! ,que5 ) ! means ( obta9+ ano!r4 ,if ,i suspect$ t any ?+ 0 ! matt] ) a hive1 ,i c\ld asc]ta9 its true condition1 by mak+ a ?or\gh exam9ation ( e "p1 & if ! worms _h ga9$ a lodgm5t1 ,i c\ld quickly dispossess !m4 ,9 %ort1 ,i c\ld p]=m all ! op]ations :i* w be expla9$ 9 ?is treatise1 & ,i n[ believ$ t bee-keep+ c\ld be made highly pr(itable1 & z mu* a matt] ( c]ta9ty1 z any o!r bran* ( rural economy4 ,i p]ceiv$1 h[ev]1 t "o ?+ 0 yet want+4 ,! cutt+ ( ! combs f _! atta*m5ts to ! sides ( ! hive1 9 ord] to remove !m1 0 att5d$ ) mu* loss ( "t to myself & to ! bees1 & 9 ord] to facilitate ?is op]ation1 ! con/ruction ( my hive 0 necess>ily complicat$4 ,?is l$ me to inv5t a me?od by :i* ! combs 7 atta*$ to ,,movable ,,frames1 & susp5d$ 9 ! hives1 s z to t\* nei!r ! top1 bottom1 nor sides4 ,by ?is device1 ,i 0 able to remove ! combs at pleasure1 & if desir$1 ,i c\ld spe$ily transf] !m1 bees & all1 )\t any cutt+1 to ano!r hive4 ,i h exp]im5t$ l>gely ) hives ( ?is con/ruction1 & f9d t !y answ] mo/ admirably1 all ! ends propos$ 9 _! inv5tion4 ,:ile exp]im5t+ 9 ! summ] ( #ahea1 ) "s obs]v+ hives ( a peculi> con/ruction1 ,i discov]$ t bees c\ld be made to "w 9 glass hives1 expos$ to ! full light ( day4 ,! notice1 9 a ,philadelphia newspap]1 ( ?is discov]y1 procur$ me ! pleasure ( an acqua9tance ) ,rev4 ,dr4 ,b]g1 pa/or ( a ,dut* ,re=m$ *ur* 9 t city4 ,f him1 ,i fir/ le>n$ t a ,prussian cl]gyman1 ( ! "n ( ,dzi]zon1 7pron\nc$ ,tse]tsone17 _h attract$ ! att5tion ( cr[n$ heads1 by 8 important discov]ies 9 ! managem5t ( bees4 ,be=e he communicat$ ! p>ticul>s ( ^! discov]ies1 ,i expla9$ to ,dr4 ,b]g1 my sy/em ( managem5t1 & %[$ him my hive4 ,he express$ ! greate/ a/oni%m5t at ! wond]ful simil>ity 9 our me?ods ( managem5t1 bo? ( u hav+ c>ri$ on our inve/igations )\t ! slighte/ k ( ea* o!r's labors4 ,our hives1 he f\nd to diff] 9 "s v important respects4 ,9 ! ,dzi]zon hive1 ! combs are n atta*$ to movable frames1 b to b>s1 s t !y _c1 )\t cutt+1 be remov$ f ! hive4 ,9 my hive1 :i* is op5$ f ! top1 any comb may be tak5 out1 )\t at all di/urb+ ! o!rs2 :]eas1 9 ! ,dzi]zon hive1 :i* is op5$ f "o ( ! ends1 x is (t5 necess>y to cut & remove _m combs1 9 ord] to get access to a p>ticul> "o2 ?us1 if ! t5? comb f ! end is to be remov$1 n9e combs mu/ be fir/ cut & tak5 out4 ,all ?is consumes a l>ge am\nt ( "t4 ,! ,g]man hive does n furni% ! surplus honey 9 a =m :i* w\ld be f\nd mo/ salable 9 our m>kets1 or :i* w\ld admit ( safe transportation 9 ! comb4 ,not)/&+ ^! disadvantages1 x has a*iev$ a great triumph 9 ,g]many1 & giv5 a new impulse to ! cultivation ( bees4 ,! foll[+ lett] f ,samuel ,wagn]1 ,esq41 ca%i] ( ! bank 9 ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 w %[ ! results :i* h be5 obta9$ 9 ,g]many1 by ! new sy/em ( managem5t1 & 8 e/imate ( ! sup]ior value ( my hive to ^? 9 use !re4 ,,york1 ,,pa41 ,,dec4 #bd1 #aheb4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,! ,dzi]zon !ory & ! sy/em ( bee-managem5t bas$ !reon1 7 orig9ally promulgat$1 hypo!tically1 9 ! ,ei*/adt ,bi55zeitung or ,bee-j\rnal1 9 #ahde1 & at once arre/$ my att5tion4 ,subsequ5tly1 :5 9 #ahdh1 at ! in/ance ( ! ,prussian gov]nm5t1 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,dzi]zon publi%$ 8 ,!ory & ,practice ( ,bee ,culture1 ,i import$ a copy1 :i* rea*$ me 9 #ahdi1 & :i* ,i translat$ prior to ,janu>y #ahej4 ,be=e ! translation 0 complet$1 ,i receiv$ a visit f my fri5d1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,b]g1 ( ,philadelphia1 & 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation on bee-keep+1 m5tion$ to him ! ,dzi]zon !ory & sy/em1 z "o :i* ,i reg>d$ z new & v sup]ior1 ?\gh ,i _h _h no opportunity = te/+ x practically4 ,9 ,febru>y foll[+1 :5 9 ,philadelphia1 ,i left ) him ! translation 9 manuscript--up to :i* p]iod1 ,i d\bt :e!r any o!r p]son 9 ?is c\ntry _h any k ( ! ,dzi]zon !ory2 except to ,dr4 ,b]g ,i _h nev] m5tion$ x to any "o1 save 9 v g5]al t]ms4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahea1 ,dr4 ,b]g aga9 visit$ ,york1 & /at$ to me y\r inve/igations1 discov]ies & inv5tions4 ,f ! acc\nt ,dr4 ,b]g gave me1 ,i felt assur$ t y _h devis$ sub/antially ! same sy/em z t s successfully pursu$ by ,mr4 ,dzi]zon2 b h[ f> y\r hive resembl$ 8 ,i 0 unable to judge f description alone4 ,i inf]r$1 h[ev]1 sev]al po9ts ( diff]5ce4 ,! co9cid5ce z to sy/em1 & ! pr9ciples on :i* x 0 evid5tly f\nd$1 /ruck me z exce$+ly s+ul> & int]e/+1 because ,i felt confid5t t y _h no m k ( ,mr4 ,dzi]zon & 8 labors1 be=e ,dr4 ,b]g m5tion$ him & 8 book to y1 ?an ,mr4 ,dzi]zon _h ( y4 ,^! circum/ances made me v anxi\s to exam9e y\r hives1 & induc$ me to visit y\r ,api>y 9 ! village ( ,we/ ,philadelphia1 la/ ,augu/4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ! keep]1 z ,i in=m$ y1 ,i took ! lib]ty to explore ! premises ?or\ghly1 op5+ & inspect+ a numb] ( ! hives1 & notic+ ! int]nal arrangem5t ( ! p>ts4 ,! result 01 t ,i came away conv9c$ t ?\gh y\r sy/em 0 bas$ on ! same pr9ciples z ,dzi]zon's1 yet t y\r hive 0 almo/ totally diff]5t f 81 9 con/ruction & arrangem5t2 t :ile ! same objects sub/antially are atta9$ by ea*1 y\r hive is m simple1 m conv5i5t1 & mu* bett] adapt$ = g5]al introduction & use1 s9ce ! mode ( us+ x c be m easily taught4 ,( its ultimate & triumphant success ,i h no d\bt4 ,i s9c]ely believe t :5 x comes "u ! notice ( ,mr4 ,dzi]zon1 he w himself pref] x to 8 own4 ,x 9 fact comb9es all ! good prop]ties :i* a hive ought to possess1 :ile x is free f ! complication1 clums9ess1 va9 :ims1 & decid$ly objectionable features1 :i* *>act]ize mo/ ( ! inv5tions :i* pr(ess to be at all sup]ior to ! simple box1 or ! common *amb] hive4 ,y may c]ta9ly claim equal cr$it ) ,dzi]zon = orig9ality 9 obs]vation & discov]y 9 ! natural hi/ory ( ! honey bee1 & = success 9 d$uc+ pr9ciples & devis+ a mo/ valuable sy/em ( managem5t f obs]v$ facts4 ,b 9 inv5tion1 z f> z neatness1 compactness1 & adaptation ( means to ends are conc]n$1 ! /urdy ,g]man mu/ yield ! palm to y4 ,y w f9d a case ( simil> co9cid5ce detail$ 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,review = ,octob]1 #aheb1 page #bfg1 et seq4 ,i s5d y h]e) "s int]e/+ /atem5ts respect+ ,dzi]zon1 & ! e/imate 9 :i* 8 sy/em is held 9 ,g]many4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,samuel ,,wagn]4 ,,rev4 ,l4 ,l4 ,,lang/ro?4 ,! foll[+ are ! /atem5ts to :i* ,mr4 ,wagn] ref]s4-- ,z ! be/ te/ ( ! value ( ,mr4 ,dzi]zon's sy/em1 is ! results :i* h be5 made to fl[ f x1 a brief acc\nt ( its rise & progress maybe f\nd int]e/+4 ,9 #ahce he comm5c$ bee-keep+ 9 ! common way1 ) #ab colonies--& aft] v>i\s mi%aps1 :i* taught him ! defects ( ! common hives & ! old mode ( managem5t1 8 /ock 0 s r$uc$ t 9 #ahch he _h virtually to beg9 anew4 ,at ?is p]iod he contriv$ 8 improv$ hive 9 its rud] =m1 :i* gave him ! comm& ov] all ! combs1 & he began to exp]im5t on ! !ory :i* obs]vation & /udy _h enabl$ him to devise4 ,!nce=w>d 8 progress 0 z rapid z 8 success 0 complete & triumphant4 ,?\gh he met ) frequ5t rev]ses--ab\t #gj colonies hav+ be5 /ol5 f him1 sixty de/roy$ by fire1 & #bd by a flood--yet 9 #ahdf 8 /ock _h increas$ to #cfj colonies1 & he realiz$ f !m t ye> six ?\s& p\nds ( honey1 besides sev]al hundr$ weight ( wax4 ,at ! same "t mo/ ( ! cultivators 9 8 vic9ity :o pursu$ ! common me?ods1 _h few] hives ?an !y _h :5 he comm5c$4 ,9 ! ye> #ahdh1 a fatal pe/il5ce1 kn[n by ! "n ( f\l brood1 prevail$ among 8 bees1 & de/roy$ ne>ly all 8 colonies be=e x c\ld be subdu$--only ab\t t5 hav+ escap$ ! malady1 :i* attack$ alike ! old /ocks & 8 artificial sw>ms4 ,he e/imates 8 entire loss t ye> at ov] #ejj colonies4 ,nev]!less he succe$$ s well 9 multiply+ by artificial sw>ms1 ! few t rema9$ heal?y1 t 9 ! fall ( #ahea 8 /ock consi/$ ( ne>ly #djj colonies4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 h multipli$ 8 /ocks m ?an ?ree fold ea* ye>4 ,! highly prosp]\s condition ( 8 colonies is atte/$ by ! ,report ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,annual ,api>ian ,conv5tion :i* met 9 8 vic9ity la/ spr+4 ,?is ,conv5tion1 ! f\r? :i* has be5 held1 consi/$ ( #aab exp]i5c$ & en?usia/ic bee-keep]s f v>i\s di/ricts ( ,g]many & neighbor+ c\ntries1 & among !m 7 "s :o :5 !y assembl$ 7 /rong oppos]s ( 8 sy/em4 ,!y visit$ & p]sonally exam9$ ! ,api>ies ( ,mr4 ,dzi]zon4 ,! report speaks 9 ! v highe/ t]ms ( 8 success1 & ( ! manife/ sup]iority ( 8 sy/em ( managem5t4 ,he exhibit$ & satisfactorily expla9$ to 8 visitors 8 practice & pr9ciples2 & !y rem>k$1 ) a/oni%m5t1 ! s+ul> docility ( 8 bees1 & ! ?or\gh control to :i* !y 7 subject$4 ,aft] a full detail ( ! proce$+s1 ! ,secret>y goes on to say3-- ,n[ t ,i h se5 ,dzi]zon's me?od practically demon/rat$1 ,i mu/ admit t x is att5d$ ) few] difficulties ?an ,i _h suppos$4 ,) 8 hive & sy/em ( managem5t x w\ld seem t bees become at once m docile ?an !y are 9 o!r cases4 ,i consid] 8 sy/em ! simple/ & be/ means ( elevat+ bee-culture to a pr(itable pursuit1 & ( spread+ x f> & wide ov] ! l&--especially z x is peculi>ly adapt$ to di/ricts 9 :i* ! bees d n readily & regul>ly sw>m4 ,8 em95t success 9 re-e/abli%+ 8 /ock aft] suff]+ s heavily f ! deva/at+ pe/il5ce--9 %ort ! recup]ative p[] ( ! sy/em demon/rates conclusively1 t x furni%es ! be/1 p]haps ! only means ( re9/at+ bee-culture lo a pr(itable bran* ( rural economy4 ,dzi]zon mode/ly disclaim$ ! idea ( hav+ atta9$ p]fection 9 8 hive4 ,he dwelt r ^u ! tru? & importance ( 8 !ory & sy/em ( managem5t4 ,f ! ,leipzig ,illu/rat$ ,almanac--,report on ,agriculture = #ahdf4 ,bee culture is no long] reg>d$ z ( any importance 9 rural economy4 ,f ! same = #ahea1 & #ahec4 ,s9ce ,dzi]zon's sy/em has be5 made kn[n an entire revolution 9 bee culture has be5 produc$4 ,a new era has be5 creat$ = x1 & bee-keep]s are turn+ _! att5tion to x ) r5ew$ zeal4 ,! m]its ( 8 discov]ies are appreciat$ by ! gov]nm5t1 & !y recomm5d 8 sy/em z wor?y ! att5tion ( ! tea*]s ( common s*ools4 ,mr4 ,dzi]zon resides 9 a poor s&y di/rict ( ,middle ,silesia1 :i*1 accord+ to ! common notions ( ,api>ians1 is unfavorable to bee-culture4 ,yet despite ( ?is & ( v>i\s mi%aps1 he has succe$$ 9 realiz+ #ijj doll>s z ! product ( 8 bees 9 "o season6 ,by 8 mode ( managem5t1 8 bees yield1 ev5 9 ! poore/ ye>s1 f #aj to #ae p] c5t on ! capital inve/$1 & :]e ! colonies are produc$ by ! ,api>ian's own skill & labor !y co/ him only ab\t "o-f\r? ! price at :i* !y are usually valu$4 ,9 ord9>y seasons ! pr(it am\nts to f #cj to #ej p] c5t1 & 9 v favorable seasons f #hj to #ajj p] c5t4 ,9 communicat+ ^! facts to ! public1 ,i h sev]al objects 9 view4 ,i freely ackn[l$ge t ,i take an hone/ pride 9 e/abli%+ my claims z an indep5d5t obs]v]2 & z hav+ matur$ by my own discov]ies1 ! same sy/em ( bee-culture1 z t :i* has excit$ s mu* int]e/ 9 ,g]many2 ,i desire also to h ! te/imony ( ! translator ( ,dzi]zon to ! sup]ior m]its ( my hive4 ,mr4 ,wagn] is ext5sively kn[n z an able ,g]man s*ol>4 ,he has tak5 all ! numb]s ( ! ,bee ,j\rnal1 a mon?ly p]iodical :i* has be5 publi%$ = m ?an fifte5 ye>s 9 ,g]many1 & is probably m famili> ) ! /ate ( ,api>ian culture abroad1 ?an any man 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i am anxi\s fur!r to %[ t ! great importance :i* ,i atta* to my sy/em ( managem5t1 is amply ju/ifi$ by ! success ( ^? :o :ile pursu+ ! same sy/em ) inf]ior hives1 h atta9$ results1 :i* to common bee-keep]s1 seem almo/ incr$ible4 ,inv5tors are v prone to =m exagg]at$ e/imates ( ! value ( _! labors2 & ! ,am]ican public has be5 s (t5 delud$ ) pat5t hives1 devis$ by p]sons ignorant ( ! mo/ important pr9ciples 9 ! natural hi/ory ( ! bee1 & :i* h utt]ly fail$ to answ] _! pr(ess$ objects1 t !y are sc>cely to be blam$ = reject+ e new hive z unwor?y ( confid5ce4 ,!re is n[ a prospect t a ,bee ,j\rnal w be=e long1 be e/abli%$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,su* a publication has long be5 ne$$4 ,prop]ly conduct$1 x w h a mo/ p[]ful influ5ce 9 dissem9at+ in=mation1 awak5+ en?usiasm1 & gu>d+ ! public aga9/ ! mis]able impositions to :i* x has s long be5 subject$4 ,two su* j\rnals are n[ publi%$ mon?ly 9 ,g]many1 "o ( :i* has be5 9 exi/5ce = m ?an #ae ye>s--& _! wide circulation has made ?\s&s well acqua9t$ ) ^? pr9ciples1 :i* mu/ con/itute ! f\ndation ( any enlight5$ & pr(itable sy/em ( culture4 ,! tru? is t :ile _m ( ! pr9cipal facts 9 ! physiology ( ! honey bee h long be5 famili> to sci5tific obs]v]s1 x has un=tunately happ5$ t "s ( ! mo/ important h be5 widely discr$it$4 ,9 !mselves !y are s wond]ful1 & to ^? :o h n witness$ !m1 (t5 s incr$ible1 t x is n at all /range t !y h be5 reject$ z fanciful conceits1 or b>e-fac$ inv5tions4 ,_m p]sons h n ! slighte/ idea t e ?+ may be se5 t takes place 9 a bee-hive4 ,b hives h = _m ye>s1 be5 9 use1 conta9+ only "o l>ge comb1 enclos$ on bo? sides1 by glass4 ,^! hives are d>k5$ by %utt]s1 & :5 op5$1 ! que5 is expos$ to obs]vation1 z well z all ! o!r bees4 ,)9 ! la/ two ye>s1 ,i h discov]$ t ) prop] precautions1 colonies c be made to "w 9 obs]v+ hives1 )\t %utt]s1 & expos$ cont9ually to ! full light ( day2 s t obs]vations may be made at all times1 )\t 9 ! lea/ int]rupt+ ! ord9>y op]ations ( ! bees4 ,by ! aid ( su* hives1 "s ( ! mo/ intellig5t citiz5s ( ,philadelphia h se5 9 my ,api>y1 ! que5 bee deposit+ h] eggs 9 ! cells1 & con/antly surr\nd$ by an affectionate circle ( h] devot$ *ildr54 ,!y h also witness$1 ) a/oni%m5t & delight1 all ! /eps 9 ! my/]i\s process ( rais+ que5s f eggs :i* ) ! ord9>y developm5t1 w\ld h produc$ only ! common bees4 ,= m ?an ?ree mon?s1 !re 0 n a day 9 :i* "s ( my colonies 7 n engag$ 9 mak+ new que5s to supply ! place ( ^? tak5 f !m1 & ,i _h ! pleasure ( exhibit+ all ! facts to bee-keep]s :o nev] be=e felt will+ to cr$it !m4 ,z all my hives are s made t ea* comb c be tak5 out1 & exam9$ at pleasure1 ^? :o use !m1 c obta9 f !m all ! in=mation :i* !y ne$1 &1 are no long] =c$ to take any ?+ ^u tru/4 ,may ,i be p]mitt$ to express ! hope t ! "t is n[ at h&1 :5 ! numb] ( practical obs]v]s w be s multipli$1 t ignorant & design+ m5 w nei!r be able to impose _! conceits & falsehoods ^u ! public1 nor be su/a9$ 9 _! attempts to depreciate ! valuable discov]ies ( ^? :o h devot$ ye>s ( obs]vation & exp]im5t to promote ! advancem5t ( ,api>ian k4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,honey ,,bee ,,capable ,,( ,,be+ ,,tam$ ,,or ,,dome/icat$ ,,to ,a ,,mo/ ,,surpris+ ,,degree4 ,if ! bee _h n su* a necess>y & yet =midable weapon bo? ( (f5ce & def5ce1 multitudes w\ld be induc$ to ent] ^u its cultivation1 :o are n[ afraid to h any ?+ to d ) x4 ,z ! new sy/em ( managem5t :i* ,i h devis$1 seems to add to ?is inh]5t difficulty1 by tak+ ! greate/ possible lib]ties ) s irascible an insect1 ,i deem x important to %[ cle>ly1 9 ! v outset1 h[ bees may be manag$1 s t all necess>y op]ations may be p]=m$ 9 an ,api>y1 )\t incurr+ any s]i\s risk ( excit+ _! ang]4 ,_m p]sons h be5 unable to control _! expressions ( wond] & a/oni%m5t1 on see+ me op5 hive aft] hive1 9 my exp]im5tal ,api>y1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,philadelphia1 remov+ ! combs cov]$ ) bees1 & %ak+ !m (f 9 front ( ! hives2 exhibit+ ! que51 transf]r+ ! bees to ano!r hive1 &1 9 %ort1 deal+ ) !m z if !y 7 z h>mless z s _m flies4 ,i h sometimes be5 ask$ if ! bees ) :i* ,i 0 exp]im5t+1 _h n be5 subject$ to a long c\rse ( in/ruction1 to prep>e !m = public exhibition2 :5 9 "s cases1 ! v hives :i* ,i 0 op5+1 conta9$ sw>ms :i* _h be5 br\ght only ! day be=e1 to my e/abli%m5t4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u ! natural hi/ory ( ! bee1 ,i %all anticipate "s pr9ciples 9 its managem5t1 9 ord] to prep>e my read]s to receive1 )\t ! d\bts :i* w\ld o!rwise be v natural1 ! /atem5ts 9 my book1 & to conv9ce !m t almo/ any "o favorably situat$1 may safely enjoy ! pleasure & pr(it ( a pursuit1 :i* has be5 mo/ appropriately /yl$1 ! poetry ( rural economy2 & t1 )\t be+ made too famili> ) a %>p little weapon1 :i* c mo/ spe$ily & effectually conv]t all ! poetry into v sorry prose4 ,! ,creator int5d$ ! bee = ! com=t ( man1 z truly z he did ! horse or ! c[4 ,9 ! e>ly ages ( ! _w1 inde$ until v rec5tly1 honey 0 almo/ ! only natural sweet2 & ! promise ( a l& fl[+ ) milk & honey1 _h !n a significance1 ! full =ce ( :i* x is difficult = u to realize4 ,! honey bee 01 !re=e1 creat$ n m]ely ) ! ability to /ore up its delici\s nect> = its own use1 b ) c]ta9 prop]ties :i* fitt$ x to be dome/icat$1 & to labor = man1 & )\t :i*1 he w\ld no m h be5 able to subject x to 8 control1 ?an to make a useful bea/ ( burd5 ( a lion or a tig]4 ,"o ( ! peculi>ities :i* con/itutes ! v f\ndation1 n m]ely ( my sy/em ( managem5t1 b ( ! ability ( man to dome/icate at all s irascible an insect1 has nev]1 to my k1 be5 cle>ly /at$ z a great & controll+ pr9ciple4 ,x may be ?us express$4 ,a ,,honey ,,bee ,,nev] ,,volunte]s ,,an ,,attack1 ,,or ,,acts ,,on ,,! ,,(f5sive1 ,,:5 ,,x ,,is ,,gorg$ ,,or ,,fill$ ,,) ,,honey4 ,! man :o fir/ attempt$ to lodge a sw>m ( bees 9 an artificial hive1 0 d\btless agreeably surpris$ at ! ease ) :i* he 0 able to accompli% x4 ,= :5 ! bees are int5d+ to sw>m1 !y fill _! honey-bags to _! utmo/ capacity4 ,?is is wisely ord]$1 t !y may h mat]ials = comm5c+ op]ations imm$iately 9 _! new habitation2 t !y may n />ve if sev]al /ormy days %\ld foll[ _! emigration2 & t :5 !y leave _! hives1 !y may be 9 a suitable condition to be secur$ by man4 ,!y issue f _! hives 9 ! mo/ peaceable mood t c well be imag9$2 & unless !y are abus$1 all[ !mselves to be treat$ ) great famili>ity4 ,! hiv+ ( bees by ^? :o und]/& _! nature1 c\ld almo/ always be conduct$ )\t ! risk ( any annoyance1 if x 7 n ! case t "s improvid5t or un=tunate ones occasionally come =? )\t ! soo?+ supply2 & n be+ /or$ ) honey1 are fill$ ) ! gall ( ! bitt]e/ hate aga9/ all mank9d & animal k9d 9 g5]al1 & any "o :o d>es to m$dle ) !m 9 p>ticul>4 ,su* radicals are always to be dread$1 = !y mu/ v5t _! sple5 on some?+1 ev5 ?\gh !y lose _! life 9 ! act4 ,suppose ! :ole colony1 on sally+ =?1 to possess su* a f]oci\s _s2 no "o w\ld ev] d>e to hive !m1 unless clad 9 a coat ( mail1 at lea/ bee-pro(1 & n ev5 !n1 until all ! w9d[s ( 8 h\se 7 clos$1 8 dome/ic animals be/[$ 9 "s safe place1 & s5t9els po/$ at suitable /ations1 to w>n all com]s to look out = some?+ almo/ z mu* to be dread$1 z a fi]y locomotive 9 full spe$4 ,9 %ort1 if ! prop5sity to be exce$+ly good-natur$ aft] a he>ty meal1 _h n be5 giv5 to ! bee1 x c\ld nev] h be5 dome/icat$1 & our honey w\ld /ill be procur$ f ! clefts ( rocks1 or ! holl[s ( trees4 ,a second peculi>ity 9 ! nature ( ! bee1 & "o ( :i* ,i cont9ually avail myself ) ! greate/ success1 may be ?us /at$4 ,,bees ,,_c1 ,,"u ,,any ,,circum/ances1 ,,resi/ ,,! ,,temptation ,,to ,,fill ,,!mselves ,,) ,,liquid ,,sweets4 ,x w\ld be q z easy = an invet]ate mis] to look ) indiff]5ce ^u a gold5 %[] ( d\ble eagles1 fall+ at 8 feet & solicit+ 8 appropriation4 ,if !n we c contrive a way to call _! att5tion to a treat ( runn+ sweets1 :5 we wi% to p]=m any op]ation :i* might provoke !m1 we may be sure !y w accept x1 & "u its g5ial influ5ce1 all[ u )\t mole/ation1 to d :at we please4 ,we mu/ always be p>ticul>ly c>eful n to h&le !m r\ghly1 = !y w nev] all[ !mselves to be p9*$ or hurt )\t ?ru/+ out _! /+ to res5t su* an indignity4 ,i always keep a small wat]+-pot or spr9kl]1 9 my ,api>y1 & :5ev] ,i wi% to op]ate ^u a hive1 z soon z ! cov] is tak5 (f1 & ! bees expos$1 ,i spr9kle !m g5tly ) wat] sweet5$ ) sug>4 ,!y help !mselves ) ! greate/ eag]ness1 & 9 a few mom5ts1 are 9 a p]fectly manageable /ate4 ,! tru? is1 t bees manag$ on ?is plan are always glad to see visitors1 & y _c look 9 ^u !m too (t51 = !y expect at e call1 to receive a sug>$ treat by way ( a peace-(f]+4 ,i c sup]9t5d a l>ge numb] ( hives1 p]=m+ e op]ation t is necess>y = pleasure or pr(it1 & yet n run ! risks ( be+ /ung1 :i* mu/ frequ5tly be incurr$ 9 attempt+ to manage1 9 ! simple/ way1 ! common hives4 ,^? :o are timid may1 at fir/1 use a bee-dress2 ?\gh !y w soon disc>d e ?+ ( ! k9d1 unless !y are ( ! numb] ( ^? to :om ! bees h a special av]sion4 ,su* un=tunates are sure to be /ung :5ev] !y %[ !mselves 9 ! vic9ity ( a bee-hive1 & !y w d well to give ! bees a v wide b]?4 ,api>ians h1 = _m ye>s1 employ$ ! smoke ( tobacco = subdu+ _! bees4 ,x deprives !m1 at once1 ( all disposition to /+1 b x ought nev] to be us$ = su* a purpose4 ,if ! con/ruction ( ! hives w n p]mit ! bees to be spr9kl$ ) sug> wat]1 ! smoke ( burn+ pap] or rags w answ] e purpose1 & ! bees w n be likely to res5t x2 :]eas :5 !y recov] f ! effect ( ! tobacco1 !y n unfrequ5tly rememb]1 & 9 no v g5tle way1 ! op]ator :o adm9i/]$ ! nause\s dose4 ,let all y\r motions ab\t y\r hives be g5tle & sl[4 ,accu/om y\r bees to y\r pres5ce2 nev] cru% or injure !m 9 any op]ation2 acqua9t y\rself fully ) ! pr9ciples ( managem5t detail$ 9 ?is treatise1 & y w f9d t y h b little m reason to dread ! /+ ( a bee1 ?an ! horns ( y\r favorite c[1 or ! heels ( y\r fai?ful horse4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,or ,,"m-,,bee1 ,,! ,,drones1 ,,& ,,! ,,work]s2 ,,) ,,v>i\s ,,highly ,,important ,,facts ,,9 ,,_! ,,natural ,,hi/ory4 ,bees c fl\ri% only :5 associat$ 9 l>ge numb]s1 z a colony4 ,9 a solit>y /ate1 a s+le bee is almo/ z helpless z a new-born *ild2 x is unable to endure ev5 ! ord9>y *ill ( a cool summ] night4 ,if a /rong colony ( bees is exam9$1 a %ort "t be=e x sw>ms1 ?ree diff]5t k9ds ( bees w be f\nd 9 ! hive4 #a/4 ,a bee ( peculi> %ape1 commonly call$ ! ,que5 ,bee4 #b;d4 ,"s hundr$s1 m or less1 ( l>ge bees call$ ,drones4 #c;d4 ,_m ?\s&s ( a small] k9d1 call$ ,work]s or common bees1 & simil> to ^? :i* are se5 on ! blossoms4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! cells w be f\nd fill$ ) honey & bee-bread2 :ile va/ numb]s conta9 eggs1 & immature work]s & drones4 ,a few cells ( unusual size1 are devot$ to ! re>+ ( "y que5s1 & are ord9>ily to be f\nd 9 a p]fect condition1 only 9 ! sw>m+ season4 ,! ,que5-,bee is ! only p]fect female 9 ! hive1 & all ! eggs are laid by h]4 ,! ,drones are ! males1 & ! ,work]s are females1 ^: ov>ies or egg-bags are s imp]fectly develop$ t !y are incapable ( bre$+1 & :i* reta9 ! in/9ct ( females1 only s f> z to give ! mo/ devot$ att5tion to fe$+ & re>+ ! brood4 ,^! facts h all be5 demon/rat$ repeat$ly1 & are z well e/abli%$ z ! mo/ common facts 9 ! bre$+ ( our dome/ic animals4 ,! k ( !m 9 _! mo/ important be>+s1 is absolutely ess5tial to all :o expect to realize l>ge pr(its f an improv$ me?od ( re>+ bees4 ,^? :o w n acquire ! necess>y in=mation1 if !y keep bees at all1 %\ld manage !m 9 ! old-fa%ion$ way1 :i* requires ! smalle/ am\nt ei!r ( k or skill4 ,i am p]fectly aw>e h[ difficult x is to reason ) a l>ge class ( bee-keep]s1 "s ( :om h be5 s (t5 impos$ ^u1 t !y h lo/ all fai? 9 ! tru? ( any /atem5ts :i* may be made by any "o int]e/$ 9 a pat5t hive1 :ile o!rs /igmatize all k :i* does n squ>e ) _! own1 z book-k1 & unwor?y ! att5tion ( practical m54 ,if any su* read ?is book1 let me rem9d !m aga91 t all my ass]tions may be put to ! te/4 ,s long z ! int]ior ( a hive1 0 to common obs]v]s1 a pr(\nd my/]y1 ignorant & design+ m5 might ass]t :at !y pleas$1 ab\t :at pass$ 9 its d>k recesses2 b n[1 :5 all t takes place 9 x1 c1 9 a few mom5ts1 be expos$ to ! full light ( day1 & e "o :o keeps bees1 c see & exam9e = himself1 ! man :o attempts to palm ^u ! community1 8 own conceits = facts1 w spe$ily e>n = himself1 ! "* bo? ( a fool & an impo/or4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,bee1 or z %e may m prop]ly be call$ ,,! ,,"m ,,bee1 is ! common "m ( ! :ole colony4 ,%e reigns !re=e1 mo/ unque/ionably1 by a div9e "r1 z e "m is1 or ought to be1 a que5 9 h] own family4 ,h] %ape is entirely diff]5t f t ( ! o!r bees4 ,:ile %e is n ne> s bulky z a drone1 h] body is long]1 & ( a m tap]+1 or sug>-loaf =m ?an t ( a work]1 s t %e has some:at ( a wasp-l appe>ance4 ,h] w+s are mu* %ort]1 9 proportion1 ?an ^? ( ! drone1 or work]2 ! "u "p ( h] body is ( a gold5 color1 & ! upp] "p d>k] ?an t ( ! o!r bees4 ,h] motions are usually sl[ & matronly1 al?\gh %e c1 :5 %e pleases1 move ) a/oni%+ quickness4 ,no colony c long exi/ )\t ! pres5ce ( ?is all-important insect4 ,%e is j z necess>y to its welf>e1 z ! s\l is to ! body1 = a colony )\t a que5 mu/ z c]ta9ly p]i%1 z a body )\t ! _s ha/5 to inevitable decay4 ,%e is treat$ by ! bees1 z e "m ought to be1 by h] *ildr51 ) ! mo/ unb\nd$ respect & affection4 ,a circle ( h] lov+ (fspr+ con/antly surr\nd h]1 te/ify+1 9 v>i\s ways1 _! dutiful reg>d2 (f]+ h] honey1 f "t to "t1 & always1 mo/ politely gett+ out ( h] way1 to give h] a cle> pa? :5 %e wi%es to move ov] ! combs4 ,if %e is tak5 f !m1 z soon z !y h asc]ta9$ _! loss1 ! :ole colony is ?r[n into a /ate ( ! mo/ int5se agitation2 all ! labors ( ! hive are at once ab&on$2 ! bees run wildly ov] ! combs1 & frequ5tly1 ! :ole ( !m ru% =? f ! hive1 & exhibit all ! appe>ance ( anxi\s se>* = _! belov$ "m4 ,n be+ able any:]e to f9d h]1 !y return to _! desolate home1 & by _! m\rnful tones1 reveal _! deep s5se ( s deplorable a calamity4 ,_! note1 at su* times1 m especially :5 !y fir/ realize h] loss1 is ( a peculi>ly m\rnful "*2 x s\nds some?+ l a succession ( wails on ! m9or key1 & c no m be mi/ak5 by ! exp]i5c$ bee-keep]1 = _! ord9>y1 happy hum1 ?an ! pite\s moan+s ( a sick *ild c be conf\nd$1 by an anxi\s "m1 ) its joy\s cr[+s1 :5 ov]fl[+ ) heal? & happ9ess4 ,i am p]fectly aw>e t all ?is w s\nd to _m1 mu* m l romance ?an sob] reality2 b ,i h det]m9$1 9 writ+ ?is book1 to /ate facts1 h[ev] wond]ful1 j z !y are2 confid5t t !y w1 be=e long1 be univ]sally receiv$1 & hop+ t ! _m wond]s 9 ! economy ( ! honey bee w n only excite a wid] int]e/ 9 its culture1 b w lead ^? :o obs]ve !m1 to adore ! wisdom ( ,him :o gave !m su* admirable in/9cts4 ,i _c refra9 f quot+ "h1 ! =cible rem>ks ( an ,engli% cl]gyman1 :o appe>s to be a v great en?usia/ 9 bee-culture4 ,e bee-keep]1 if he h only a s\l to appreciate ! works ( ,god1 & an intellig5ce ( an inquisitive ord]1 _c fail to become deeply int]e/$ 9 obs]v+ ! wond]ful in/9cts1 7in/9cts ak9 to reason17 ( ^! admirable creatures2 at ! same "t t he w le>n _m lessons ( practical wisdom f _! example4 ,hav+ acquir$ a k ( _! habits1 n a bee w buzz 9 8 e>1 )\t recall+ to him "s ( ^! lessons1 & help+ to make him a wis] & a bett] man4 ,x is c]ta9 t 9 all my exp]i5ce1 ,i nev] yet met ) a keep] ( bees1 :o 0 n a respectable1 well-conduct$ memb] ( society1 & a moral1 if n a religi\s man4#a ,x is evid5t1 on reflection1 t ?is pursuit1 if well att5d$ to1 mu/ occupy "s consid]able %>e ( a man's "t & ?\ghts4 ,he mu/ be (t5 ab\t 8 bees1 :i* w help to c\nt]act ! baneful effect ( ! village inn4 ,:oev] is fond ( 8 bees is fond ( 8 home1 is an axiom ( irrefragable tru?1 & "o :i* ought to k9dle 9 e "o's brea/1 a favorable reg>d = a pursuit :i* has ! p[] to produce s happy an influ5ce4 ,! love ( home is ! companion ( _m o!r virtues1 :i*1 if n yet develop$ into actual ex]cise1 are /ill only dormant1 & may be r\s$ into wakeful en]gy at any mom5t4 ,! f]tility ( ! que5 bee has be5 mu* "u-e/imat$ by mo/ writ]s4 ,x is truly a/oni%+4 ,dur+ ! height ( ! bre$+ season1 %e w (t51 "u favorable circum/ances1 lay f two to ?ree ?\s& eggs1 a day6 ,9 my obs]v+ hives1 ,i h se5 h] lay1 at ! rate ( six eggs a m9ute6 ,! fecundity ( ! female ( ! :ite ant1 is mu* great] ?an ?is1 z %e w lay z _m z sixty eggs a m9ute6 b !n h] eggs are simply extrud$ f h] body1 to be c>ri$ by ! work]s into suitable nurs]ies1 :ile ! que5 bee h]self deposits h] eggs 9 _! appropriate cells4 ,,on ,,! ,,way ,,9 ,,:i* ,,! ,,eggs ,,( ,,! ,,que5 ,,bee ,,are ,,fecundat$4 ,i come n[ to a subject ( great practical importance1 & "o :i*1 until q rec5tly1 has be5 att5d$ ) app>5tly insup]able difficulties4 ,x has be5 notic$ t ! que5 bee comm5ces lay+ 9 ! latt] "p ( w9t]1 or e>ly 9 spr+1 & long be=e !re are any drones or males 9 ! hive4 7,see rem>ks on ,drones47 ,9 :at way are ^! eggs impregnat$8 ,hub]1 by a long c\rse ( ! mo/ indefatigable obs]vations1 ?rew mu* light ^u ?is subject4 ,be=e /at+ 8 discov]ies1 ,i mu/ pay my humble tribute ( gratitude & admiration1 to ?is wond]ful man4 ,x is mortify+ to e sci5tific naturali/1 & ,i might add1 to e hone/ man acqua9t$ ) ! facts1 to he> su* a man z ,hub] abus$ by ! v]ie/ quacks & impo/]s2 :ile o!rs :o h appropriat$ f 8 labors1 ne>ly all t is ( any value 9 _! works1 to use ! words ( ,pope1 ,damn ) fa9t praise1 ass5t ) civil le]1 ,& )\t sne]+1 tea* ! re/ to sne]4 ,hub]1 9 e>ly manhood1 lo/ ! use ( 8 eyes4 ,8 oppon5ts imag9e t 9 /at+ ?is fact1 !y h ?r[n m]it$ discr$it on all 8 pret5d$ discov]ies4 ,b to make _! case /ill /rong]1 !y delight to ass]t t he saw e ?+ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 s]vant ,francis ,burn5s1 an ignorant peasant4 ,n[ ?is ignorant peasant 0 a man ( /rong native intellect1 possess+ t indefatigable en]gy & en?usiasm :i* are s indisp5sable to make a good obs]v]4 ,he 0 a noble specim5 ( a self-made man1 & aft]w>ds rose to be ! *ief magi/rate 9 ! village :]e he resid$4 ,hub] has paid ! mo/ admirable tribute to 8 intellig5ce1 fidelity & indomitable pati5ce1 en]gy & skill4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d1 9 any language1 a bett] specim5 ( ! true ,baconian or inductive sy/em ( reason+1 ?an ,hub]'s "w ^u bees1 & x might be /udi$ z a model ( ! only true way ( inve/igat+ nature1 s z to arrive at reliable results4 ,hub] 0 assi/$ 9 8 inve/igations1 n only by ,burn5s1 b by 8 own wife1 to :om he 0 engag$ be=e ! loss ( 8 sight1 & :o nobly p]si/$ 9 m>ry+ him1 not)/&+ 8 mis=tune1 & ! /r5u\s dissuasions ( h] fri5ds4 ,!y liv$ = m ?an ! ord9>y t]m ( human life1 9 ! enjoym5t ( un9t]rupt$ dome/ic happ9ess1 & ! amiable naturali/ sc>cely felt1 9 h] assidu\s att5tions1 ! loss ( 8 sight4 ,milton is believ$ by _m1 to h be5 a bett] poet1 = 8 bl9dness2 & x is highly probable t ,hub] 0 a bett] ,api>ian1 = ! same cause4 ,8 active & yet reflective m9d dem&$ con/ant employm5t2 & he f\nd 9 ! /udy ( ! habits ( ! honey bee1 full scope = all 8 p[]s4 ,all ! facts obs]v$1 & exp]im5ts tri$ by 8 fai?ful assi/ants1 7 daily report$ to him1 & _m inquiries 7 /at$ & sugge/ions made by him1 :i* w\ld probably h escap$ 8 notice1 if he _h possess$ ! use ( 8 eyes4 ,few h su* a comm& ( bo? "t & money z to enable !m to c>ry on1 = a s]ies ( ye>s1 on a gr& scale1 ! mo/ co/ly exp]im5ts4 ,api>ians owe m to ,hub] ?an to any o!r p]son4 ,i h repeat$ly v]ifi$ ! mo/ important ( 8 obs]vations1 & ,i take ! greate/ delight 9 ackn[l$g+ my obligations to him1 & 9 hold+ him up to my c\ntrym51 z ! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,api>ians4 ,my ,read]s w p>don ?is digression4 ,x w\ld h be5 morally impossible = me to write a "w on bees1 )\t say+ at lea/ z mu* z ?is1 9 v9dication ( ,hub]4 ,i return to 8 discov]ies on ! impregnation ( ! ,que5 ,bee4 ,by a long c\rse ( exp]im5ts mo/ c>efully conduct$1 he asc]ta9$ t l _m o!r insects1 %e is fecundat$ 9 ! op5 air1 & on ! w+1 & t ! influ5ce ( ?is la/s = sev]al ye>s1 & probably = life4 ,he c\ld n =m any satisfactory conjecture1 z to ! way 9 :i* ! eggs :i* 7 n yet develop$ 9 h] ov>ies1 c\ld be f]tiliz$4 ,ye>s ago1 ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,john ,hunt]1 & o!rs1 suppos$ t !re mu/ be a p]man5t receptacle = ! male sp]m1 op5+ into ! passage = ! eggs call$ ! oviduct4 ,dzi]zon1 :o mu/ be reg>d$ z "o ( ! able/ contributors ( mod]n times1 to ,api>ian sci5ce1 ma9ta9s ?is op9ion1 & /ates t he has f\nd su* a receptacle fill$ ) a fluid1 resembl+ ! sem5 ( ! drones4 ,he n[h]e1 to my k1 /ates t he ev] made microscopic exam9ations1 s z to put ! matt] on ! foot+ ( demon/ration4 ,9 ,janu>y & ,febru>y ( #aheb1 ,i submitt$ sev]al ,que5 ,bees to ,dr4 ,joseph ,leidy ( ,philadelphia1 = a sci5tific exam9ation4 ,i ne$ h>dly say to any ,naturali/ 9 ?is c\ntry1 t ,dr4 ,leidy has obta9$ ! v highe/ reputation1 bo? at home & abroad1 z a skillful naturali/ & microscopic anatomi/4 ,no man 9 ?is c\ntry or ,europe1 0 m compet5t to make ! inve/igations t ,i desir$4 ,he f\nd 9 mak+ 8 dissections1 a small globul> sac1 n l>g] ?an a gra9 ( mu/>d se$1 7ab\t #a_/cc ( an in* 9 diamet]17 communicat+ ) ! oviduct1 & fill$ ) a :iti% fluid1 :i* :5 exam9$ "u ! microscope1 0 f\nd to ab\nd 9 sp]matozoa1 or ! animalcul1 :i* are ! unmi/akable *>act]i/ics ( ! sem9al fluid4 ,lat] 9 ! season1 ! same sub/ance 0 comp>$ ) "s tak5 f ! drones1 & f\nd to be exactly simil> to x4 ,^! exam9ations h settl$1 on ! impregnable basis ( demon/ration1 ! mode 9 :i* ! eggs ( ! ,que5 are vivifi$4 ,9 desc5d+ ! oviduct to be deposit$ 9 ! cells1 !y pass by ! m\? ( ?is sem9al sac or sp]ma!ca1 & receive a portion ( its f]tiliz+ cont5ts4 ,small z x is1 its cont5ts are suffici5t to impregnate hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( eggs4 ,9 precisely ! same way1 ! "m wasps & hornets are fecundat$4 ,! females alone ( ^! insects survive ! w9t]1 & !y beg91 s+le-h&$1 ! con/ruction ( a ne/1 9 :i*1 at fir/1 only a few eggs are deposit$4 ,h[ c\ld ^! eggs hat*1 if ! females :i* laid !m1 _h n be5 impregnat$1 ! previ\s season8 ,dissection proves !m to h a sp]ma!ca1 simil> to t ( ! ,que5 ,bee4 ,( all :o h writt5 aga9/ ,hub]1 no "o has treat$ him ) m unfairness1 misrepres5tation1 & ,i might almo/ add1 malignity1 ?an ,hui%4 ,he ma9ta9s t ! eggs ( ! ,que5 are impregnat$ by ! drones1 aft] %e has deposit$ !m 9 ! cells1 & acc\nts = ! fact t brood is produc$ 9 ! ,spr+1 long be=e ! exi/5ce ( any drones 9 ! hive1 by ass]t+ t ^! eggs 7 deposit$ & impregnat$ late 9 ! previ\s season1 & h rema9$ dormant1 all w9t]1 9 ! hive3 & yet ! same writ]1 :ile ridicul+ ! discov]ies ( ,hub]1 advises t all ! "m wasps %\ld be kill$ 9 ! ,spr+1 to prev5t !m f f\nd+ families to commit depr$ations ^u ! bees6 ,x nev] seems to h occurr$ to him1 t ! exi/5ce ( a p]man5tly impregnat$ "m wasp1 0 j z difficult to be acc\nt$ =1 z ! exi/5ce ( a simil>ly impregnat$ ,que5 ,bee4 ,,effect ,,( ,,ret>d$ ,,impregnation ,,on ,,! ,,que5 ,,bee4 ,i %all n[ m5tion a fact 9 ! physiology ( ! ,que5 ,bee1 m s+ul> ?an any :i* has yet be5 relat$4 ,hub]1 :ile exp]im5t+ to asc]ta9 h[ ! ,que5 0 fecundat$1 conf9$ "s ( 8 "y ,que5s to _! hives1 by contract+ ! entrances1 s t !y 7 n able to g 9 se>* ( ! drones1 until ?ree weeks aft] _! bir?4 ,to 8 amazem5t1 ^! ,que5s ^: impregnation 0 ?us unnaturally ret>d$1 nev] laid any eggs b su* z produc$ drones66 ,he tri$ ! exp]im5t aga9 & aga91 b always ) ! same result4 ,"s ,bee-,keep]s1 long be=e 8 "t1 _h obs]v$ t all ! brood 9 a hive 7 occasionally drones1 & ( c\rse1 t su* colonies rapidly w5t to ru94 ,be=e attempt+ any explanation ( ?is a/oni%+ fact1 ,i mu/ call ! att5tion ( ! read]1 to ano!r ( ! my/]ies ( ! ,bee-,hive1 ,,f]tile ,,work]s4 ,x has already be5 rem>k$1 t ! work]s are prov$ by dissection to be females1 all ( :i*1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 are b>r54 ,occasionally1 "s ( !m appe> to be m fully develop$ ?an common1 s z to be capable ( lay+ eggs3 ^! eggs1 l ^? ( ,que5s ^: impregnation has be5 ret>d$1 always produce drones6 ,sometimes1 :5 a colony has lo/ its ,que51 ^! drone-lay+ work]s are exalt$ to h] place1 & treat$ ) equal respect & affection1 by ! bees4 ,hub] asc]ta9$ t ^! f]tile work]s 7 g5]ally re>$ 9 ! neighborhood ( ! "y ,que5s1 & he ?\ght t !y receiv$ "s p>ticles ( ! peculi> food or jelly on :i* ! ,que5s are re>$4 7,see ,royal ,jelly47 ,he did n pret5d to acc\nt = ! effect ( ret>d$ impregnation2 & made no exp]im5ts to det]m9e ! facts1 z to ! fecundation ( ^! f]tile work]s4 ,s9ce ! publication ( ,hub]'s "w1 ne>ly #ej ye>s ago1 no light has be5 %$ ^u ! my/]ies ( drone-lay+ ,que5s & work]s1 until q rec5tly4 ,dzi]zon appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ to asc]ta9 ! tru? on ?is subject2 & 8 discov]y mu/ c]ta9ly be rank$ z unfold+ "o ( ! mo/ a/oni%+ facts 9 all ! range ( animat$ nature4 ,?is fact seems1 at fir/ view1 s absolutely incr$ible1 t ,i %\ld n d>e to m5tion x1 if x 7 n support$ by ! mo/ indubitable evid5ce1 & if ,i _h n1 7z ,i h already obs]v$17 det]m9$ to /ate all important & well asc]ta9$ facts1 )\t seek+1 by any concealm5ts1 to p&] to ! prejudices ( conceit$1 & (t51 v ignorant ,bee-,keep]s4 ,dzi]zon advances ! op9ion t impregnation is n ne$$ 9 ord] t ! eggs ( ! ,que5 may produce drones2 b1 t all impregnat$ eggs produce females1 ei!r work]s or ,que5s2 & all unimpregnat$ ones1 males or drones6 ,he /ates t he f\nd drone-lay+ ,que5s 9 sev]al ( 8 hives1 ^: w+s 7 s imp]fect t !y c\ld n fly1 & t on exam9ation1 !y prov$ to be unfecundat$4 ,h5ce he conclud$ t ! eggs ( ! ,que5 ,bee or f]tile work]1 _h f ! previ\s impregnation ( ! egg :i* produc$ !m1 suffici5t vitality to produce ! drone1 :i* is a less highly organiz$ insect1 & "o inf]ior to ! ,que5 or work]s4 ,x _h long be5 kn[n1 t ! ,que5 deposits drone eggs 9 ! l>ge or drone cells1 & work] eggs 9 ! small or work] cells1 & t %e makes no mi/akes4 ,dzi]zon inf]r$1 !re=e1 t !re 0 "s way 9 :i* %e 0 able to decide z to ! sex ( ! egg be=e x 0 laid1 & t %e mu/ h a control ov] ! m\? ( ! sem9al sac1 s z to be able to extrude h] eggs1 all[+ !m to receive or n1 j z %e pleas$1 a portion ( its f]tiliz+ cont5ts4 ,9 ?is way he ?\ght %e det]m9$ ! sex1 accord+ to ! size ( ! cells 9 :i* %e laid !m4 ,mr4 ,samuel ,wagn] ( ,york1 ,pa41 has rec5tly communicat$ to me a v orig9al & exce$+ly +5i\s !ory ( 8 own1 :i* he ?9ks w acc\nt = all ! facts )\t admitt+ t ! ,que5 ,bee has any special k or w on ! subject4 ,he supposes t :5 %e deposits h] eggs 9 ! work] cells1 h] body is slightly compress$ by ! size ( ! cells1 & t ! eggs1 z !y pass ! sp]ma!ca1 receive 9 ?is mann]1 its vivify+ influ5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 %e is egg-lay+ 9 drone cells1 ?is compression _c take place1 ! m\? ( ! sp]ma!ca is kept clos$1 & ! eggs are1 necess>ily1 unfecundat$4 ,?is !ory may prove to be true1 b at pres5t1 x is encumb]$ ) "s difficulties & requires fur!r inve/igation1 be=e x c be consid]$ z fully e/abli%$4 ,leav+ !n ! "q :e!r ! ,que5 ex]cises any volition 9 ?is matt]1 = ! pres5t undecid$1 ,i %all /ate "s facts :i* occurr$ 9 ! summ] ( #aheb1 9 my own ,api>y1 & %all !n endeavor to relieve1 z f> z possible1 ?is intricate subject f "s ( ! difficulties :i* emb>rass x4 ,9 ! ,autumn ( #aheb1 my assi/ant f\nd1 9 "o ( my hives1 a "y ,que51 ! :ole ( ^: prog5y 0 drones4 ,! colony _h be5 =m$ by remov+ "p ( ! combs conta9+ bees1 brood & eggs f ano!r hive4 ,x _h only a few combs1 & b a small numb] ( bees4 ,!y rais$ a new ,que5 9 ! mann] :i* w h]eaft] be p>ticul>ly describ$4 ,?is ,que5 _h laid a numb] ( eggs 9 "o ( ! combs1 & ! "y bees f "s ( !m 7 already em]g+ f ! cells4 ,i p]ceiv$1 at ! fir/ glance1 t !y 7 drones4 ,z !re 7 none b work] cells 9 ! hive1 !y 7 re>$ 9 !m1 & n hav+ space = full developm5t1 !y 7 dw>f$ 9 size1 al?\gh ! bees1 9 ord] to give !m m room1 _h piec$ out ! cells s z to make !m l>g] ?an usual6 ,size except$1 !y appe>$ z p]fect z any o!r drones4 ,i 0 n only /ruck ) ! s+ul>ity ( f9d+ drones re>$ 9 work] cells1 b ) ! equally s+ul> fact t a "y ,que51 :o at fir/ lays only ! eggs ( work]s1 %\ld be lay+ drone eggs at all2 & at once conjectur$ t ?is 0 a case ( a drone-lay+1 unimpregnat$ ,que51 z suffici5t "t _h n elaps$ = h] impregnation to be unnaturally ret>d$4 ,i saw ! great importance ( tak+ all necess>y precautions to det]m9e ?is po9t4 ,! ,que5 0 remov$ f ! hive1 & c>efully exam9$4 ,h] w+s1 al?\gh !y appe>$ to be p]fect1 7 s p>aliz$ t %e c\ld n fly4 ,x seem$ probable1 !re=e1 t %e _h nev] be5 able to leave ! hive = impregnation4 ,to settle ! "q beyond ! possibility ( d\bt1 ,i submitt$ ?is ,que5 to ,dr4 ,joseph ,leidy = microscopic exam9ation4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f 8 report3 ,! ov>ies 7 fill$ ) eggs2 ! poison sac 0 full ( fluid1 & ,i took ! :ole ( x into my m\?2 ! poison produc$ a /rong metallic ta/e1 la/+ = a consid]able "t1 & at fir/1 x 0 pung5t to ! tip ( ! tongue4 ,! sp]ma!ca 0 di/5d$ ) a p]fectly colorless1 transp>5t1 viscid liquid1 )\t a trace ( sp]matozoa4 ,?is exam9ation seems p]fectly to su/a9 ! !ory ( ,dzi]zon1 & to demon/rate t ,que5s d n ne$ to be impregnat$1 9 ord] to lay ! eggs ( males4 ,i mu/ confess t v consid]able d\bts re/$ on my m9d1 z to ! accuracy ( ,dzi]zon's /atem5ts on ?is subject1 & *iefly because ( 8 hav+ haz>d$ ! un=tunate conjecture t ! place ( ! poison bag 9 ! work]1 is occupi$ 9 ! ,que51 by ! sp]ma!ca4 ,n[ ?is is s completely contr>y to fact1 t x 0 a v natural inf]5ce t ?is acute & ?or\ghly hone/ obs]v]1 made no microscopic dissections ( ! insects :i* he exam9$4 ,i consid] myself peculi>ly =tunate 9 hav+ enjoy$ ! b5efit ( ! labors ( a ,naturali/1 s celebrat$ z ,dr4 ,leidy1 = microscopic dissections4 ,! exce$+ m9ut5ess ( "s ( ! insects :i* he has completely figur$ & describ$1 almo/ passes belief4 ,on exam9+ ?is same colony a few days lat]1 ,i obta9$ ! mo/ satisfactory evid5ce t ^! drone eggs 7 laid by ! ,que5 :i* _h be5 remov$4 ,no fre% eggs _h be5 deposit$ 9 ! cells1 & ! bees1 on miss+ h]1 _h comm5c$ ! con/ruction ( royal cells1 to re> if possible1 ano!r ,que51 a ?+ :i* !y w\ld n h done1 if a f]tile work] _h be5 pres5t1 by :i* ! drone eggs _h be5 laid4 ,ano!r v int]e/+ fact proves t all ! eggs laid by ?is ,que51 7 drone eggs4 ,two ( ! royal cells 71 9 a %ort "t1 discont9u$1 & 7 f\nd to be empty1 :ile a ?ird conta9$ a worm1 :i* 0 seal$ ov] ! usual way1 to und]go its *anges f a worm to a p]fect ,que54 ,i 0 completely at a loss to acc\nt = ?is1 z ! bees hav+ an unimpregnat$ drone-lay+ ,que51 ought n to h _h a s+le female egg f :i* !y c\ld re> a ,que54 ,at fir/ ,i imag9$ t !y might h /ol5 x f ano!r hive1 b :5 ,i op5$ ?is cell1 x conta9$1 in/ead ( a que51 a dead drone6 ,i !n rememb]$ t ,hub] has describ$ ! same mi/ake on ! "p ( "s ( 8 bees4 ,at ! base ( ?is cell1 0 an extraord9>y quantity ( ! peculi> jelly or pa/e1 :i* is f$ to ! "y t are to be trans=m$ into que5s4 ,! poor bees 9 _! desp]ation1 appe> to h dos$ ! un=tunate drone to dea?3 z ?\gh !y expect$ by su* lib]al fe$+1 to produce "s hopeful *ange 9 8 sexual organization6 ,x appe>s to me t ^! facts con/itute all ! l9ks 9 a p]fect *a91 & demon/rate beyond ! possibility ( d\bt1 t unfecundat$ que5s are n only capable ( lay+ eggs1 7?is w\ld be no m rem>kable ?an ! same occurr5ce 9 a h517 b t ^! eggs are possess$ ( suffici5t vitality to produce drones4 ,ari/otle1 :o fl\ri%$ be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 _h notic$ t !re 0 no diff]5ce 9 appe>ance1 betwe5 ! eggs produc+ drones & ^? produc+ work]s2 & he /ates t drones only are produc$ 9 hives :i* h no que52 ( c\rse ! eggs produc+ !m1 7 laid by f]tile work]s4 ,hav+ n[ ! aid ( p[]ful microscopes1 we are /ill unable to detect ! slighte/ diff]5ce 9 size or appe>ance 9 ! eggs1 & ?is is precisely :at we %\ld expect if ! same egg w produce ei!r a work] or a drone1 accord+ z x is or is n impregnat$4 ,! !ory :i* ,i propose1 w1 ,i ?9k1 p]fectly h>monize ) all ! obs]v$ facts on ?is subject4 ,i believe t aft] fecundation has be5 delay$ = ab\t ?ree weeks1 ! m\? ( ! sp]ma!ca becomes p]man5tly clos$1 s t impregnation c no long] be effect$2 j z ! p>ts ( a fl[]1 aft] a c]ta9 "t1 )] & %ut up1 & ! plant is incapable ( fructification4 ,! f]tile drone-lay+ work]s1 are 9 my op9ion1 physically incapable ( be+ impregnat$4 ,h[ev] /range x may appe>1 or ev5 improbable1 t an unimpregnat$ egg c give bir? to a liv+ be+1 or t ! sex c be dep5d5t on impregnation1 we are n at lib]ty to reject facts1 because we _c compreh5d ! reasons ( !m4 ,he :o all[s himself to be guilty ( su* folly1 if he seeks to ma9ta9 8 consi/5cy1 w be plung$1 soon] or lat]1 into ! dre>y gulf ( a!ism4 ,common s5se1 philosophy & religion alike tea* u to receive all und\bt$ facts 9 ! natural & ! spiritual _w1 ) becom+ rev]5ce2 assur$ t h[ev] my/]i\s to u1 !y are all mo/ beautifully h>moni\s & consi/5t 9 ! sight ( ,him ^: und]/&+ is inf9ite4 ,!re is some?+ analog\s to ^! wond]s 9 ! bee1 9 :at takes place 9 ! aphides or gre5 lice :i* infe/ our rose bu%es & o!r plants4 ,we h ! mo/ und\bt$ evid5ce t a fecundat$ female gives bir? to o!r females1 & !y 9 turn to o!rs /ill1 all ( :i*1 )\t impregnation1 are able to br+ =? "y1 until at l5g?1 aft] a numb] ( g5]ations1 p]fect males & females are produc$1 & ! s]ies />ts anew6 ,! unequal$ facilities1 furni%$ by my hives1 h seem$ to r5d] x peculi>ly incumb5t on me1 to d all 9 my p[] to cle> up ! difficulties 9 ?is intricate & yet highly important bran* ( ,api>ian k4 ,all ! lead+ facts 9 ! bre$+ ( bees ought to be z well kn[n to ! bee keep]1 z ! same class ( facts 9 ! re>+ ( 8 dome/ic animals4 ,a few crude & ha/y notions1 b half und]/ood & half dige/$1 w answ] only = ! old fa%ion$ bee keep]1 :o deals 9 ! brim/one mat*es4 ,he :o expects to conduct bee keep+ on a safe & pr(itable sy/em1 mu/ le>n t on ?is1 z on all o!r subjects1 k is p[]4 ,! extraord9>y f]tility ( ! que5 bee has already be5 notic$4 ,! process ( lay+ has be5 well describ$ by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,dunb>1 a ,scot* ,api>ian4 ,:5 ! que5 is ab\t to lay1 %e puts h] head into a cell1 & rema9s 9 t position = a second or two1 to asc]ta9 its fitness = ! deposit :i* %e is ab\t to make4 ,%e !n )draws h] head1 & curv+ h] body d[nw>ds1#b ins]ts ! l[] "p ( x into ! cell3 9 a few seconds %e turns half r\nd ^u h]self & )draws1 leav+ an egg beh9d h]4 ,:5 %e lays a consid]able numb]1 %e does x equally on ea* side ( ! comb1 ^? on ! "o side be+ z exactly opposite to ^? on ! o!r z ! relative position ( ! cells w admit4 ,! effect ( ?is is to produce ! utmo/ possible conc5tration & economy ( heat = develop+ ! v>i\s *anges ( ! brood6 ,"h z at e /ep 9 ! economy ( ! bee our m9ds are fill$ ) admiration z we witness ! p]fect adaptation ( means to ends4 ,:o c blame ! w>me/ en?usiasm ( ! ,api>ian 9 view ( a sagacity :i* seems sc>cely inf]ior to t ( man4 ,! eggs ( bees1 ,i quote f ! admirable treatise ( ,bevan1 are ( a l5g!n$ oval %ape1 ) a slight curvature1 & ( a blui% :ite color3 be+ besme>$ at ! "t ( lay+1 ) a glut9\s sub/ance1#c !y adh]e to ! bases ( ! cells1 & rema9 un*ang$ 9 figure or situation = ?ree or f\r days2 !y are !n hat*$1 ! bottom ( ea* cell pres5t+ to view a small :ite worm4 ,on its gr[+ s z to t\* ! opposite angle ( ! cell1 x coils itself up1 to use ! language ( ,swamm]dam1 l a dog :5 go+ to sleep2 & floats 9 a :iti% transp>5t fluid1 :i* is deposit$ 9 ! cells by ! nurs+-bees1 & by :i* x is probably n\ri%$2 x becomes gradually enl>g$ 9 its dim5sions1 till ! two extremities t\* "o ano!r & =m a r+4 ,9 ?is /ate x is call$ a l>va or worm4 ,s nicely d ! bees calculate ! quantity ( food :i* w be requir$1 t none rema9s 9 ! cell :5 x is trans=m$ to a nymph4 ,x is ! op9ion ( _m em95t naturali/s t f>9a does n con/itute ! sole food ( ! l>va1 b t x consi/s ( a mixture ( f>9a1 honey & wat]1 p>tly dige/$ 9 ! /oma*s ( ! nurs+-bees4 ,! l>va hav+ d]iv$ its support1 9 ! mann] above describ$1 = f\r1 five or six days1 accord+ to ! season1 7! developm5t be+ ret>d$ 9 cool wea!r1 & badly protect$ hives17 cont9ues to increase dur+ t p]iod1 till x occupies ! :ole bread? & ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! cell4 ,! nurs+ bees n[ seal ov] ! cell1 ) a light br[n cov]1 ext]nally m or less convex1 7! cap ( a drone cell is m convex ?an t ( a work]17 & ?us diff]+ f t ( a honey cell :i* is pal] & some:at concave4 ,! cap ( ! brood cell appe>s to be made ( a mixture ( bee-bread & wax2 x is n air tight z x w\ld be if made ( wax alone2 b :5 exam9$ ) a microscope x appe>s to be reticulat$1 or full ( f9e holes ?r\gh :i* ! enclos$ insect c h air = all necess>y purposes4 ,f its texture & %ape x is easily ?ru/ (f by ! bee :5 mature1 :]eas1 if x consi/$ :olly ( wax1 ! "y bee w\ld ei!r p]i% = lack ( air1 or be unable to =ce its way into ! _w6 ,bo? ! mat]ial & %ape ( ! lids :i* seal up ! honey cells are diff]5t1 because an entirely diff]5t object 0 aim$ at2 !y are ( pure wax to make !m air tight & ?us to prev5t ! honey f s\r+ or c&y+ 9 ! cells6 ,!y are concave or holl[$ inw>ds to give !m great] /r5g? to resi/ ! pressure ( _! cont5ts6 ,to return to ,bevan4 ,! l>va is no soon] p]fectly inclos$ ?an x beg9s to l9e ! cell by sp9n+ r\nd itself1 aft] ! mann] ( ! silk worm1 a :iti% silky film or cocoon1 by :i* x is encas$1 z x 71 9 a pod4 ,:5 x has und]gone ?is *ange1 x has usually borne ! "n ( nymph or pupa4 ,! insect has n[ atta9$ its full gr[?1 & ! l>ge am\nt ( nutrim5t :i* x has tak5 s]ves z a /ore = develop+ ! p]fect insect4 ,! work+ bee nymph sp9s its cocoon 9 ?irty-six h\rs4 ,aft] pass+ ab\t ?ree days 9 ?is /ate ( prep>ation = a new exi/5ce1 x gradually und]goes s great a *ange z n to we> a ve/ige ( its previ\s =m1 b becomes arm$ ) a firm] mail1 & ) scales ( a d>k br[n hue4 ,on its belly six r+s become di/+ui%able1 :i* by slipp+ "o ov] ano!r enables ! bee to %ort5 its body :5ev] x has occasion to d s4 ,:5 x has rea*$ ! tw5ty-fir/ day ( its exi/5ce1 c\nt+ f ! mom5t ! egg is laid1 x comes =? a p]fect w+$ insect4 ,! cocoon is left beh9d1 & =ms a closely atta*$ & exact l9+ to ! cell 9 :i* x 0 spun2 by ?is means ! bre$+ cells become small] & _! p>titions /rong]1 ! (t5] !y *ange _! t5ants2 & may become s mu* dim9i%$ 9 size z n to admit ( ! p]fect developm5t ( full siz$ bees4 ,su* are ! respective /ages ( ! work+ bee3 ^? ( ! royal bee are z foll[s3 %e passes ?ree days 9 ! egg & is five a worm2 ! work]s !n close h] cell1 & %e imm$iately beg9s sp9n+ h] cocoon1 :i* occupies h] tw5ty f\r h\rs4 ,on ! t5? & elev5? days & a "p ( ! twelf?1 z if exhau/$ by h] labor1 %e rema9s 9 complete repose4 ,!n %e passes f\r days & a "p ( ! fif? z a nymph4 ,x is on ! sixte5? day !re=e t ! p]fect /ate ( que5 is atta9$4 ,! drone passes ?ree days 9 ! egg1 six & a half z a worm1 & *anges into a p]fect insect on ! tw5ty-f\r? or tw5ty-fif? day aft] ! egg is laid4 ,! developm5t ( ea* species likewise proce$s m sl[ly :5 ! colonies are weak or ! air cool1 & :5 ! wea!r is v cold x is entirely susp5d$4 ,dr4 ,hunt] has obs]v$ t ! eggs1 worms & nymphs all require a heat above #gj ( ,fahr5heit = _! evolution4 ,9 ! *apt] on protection aga9/ extremes ( heat & cold1 ,i h dwelt1 at "s l5g?1 ^u ! importance ( con/ruct+ ! hives 9 su* a mann] z to enable ! bees to pres]ve1 z f> z possible1 a uni=m temp]ature 9 _! t5em5t4 ,9 ?9 hives expos$ to ! sun1 ! heat is sometimes s great z to de/roy ! eggs & ! l>v1 ev5 :5 ! combs escape f be+ melt$2 & ! cold is (t5 s sev]e z to *eck ! developm5t ( ! brood1 & sometimes to kill x outright4 ,9 su* hives1 :5 ! temp]ature out ( doors falls sudd5ly & sev]ely1 ! bees at once feel ! unfavorable *ange2 !y are oblig$ 9 self def5ce to huddle toge!r to keep w>m1 & ?us l>ge portions ( ! brood comb are (t5 ab&on$1 & ! brood ei!r de/roy$ at once by ! cold1 or s enfeebl$ t !y nev] recov] f ! %ock4 ,let e bee keep]1 9 all 8 op]ations1 rememb] t brood comb mu/ nev] be expos$ to a l[ temp]ature s z to become *ill$3 ! disa/r\s effects are almo/ z c]ta91 z :5 ! eggs ( a sett+ h5 are left1 = too long a "t1 by ! c>eless "m4 ,! brood combs are nev] safe :5 tak5 = any consid]able "t f ! bees1 unless ! temp]ature is fully up to summ] heat4 #d,! "y bees break _! envelope ) _! tee?1 & assi/$1 z soon z !y come =?1 by ! old] ones1 proce$ to cleanse !mselves f ! moi/ure & exuvi ) :i* !y 7 surr\nd$4 ,bo? drones & work]s on em]g+ f ! cell are1 at fir/ grey1 s(t & comp>atively helpless s t "s "t elapses be=e !y take w+4 ,) respect to ! cocoons spun by ! diff]5t l>v1 bo? work]s & drones sp9 complete cocoons1 or inclose !mselves on e side2 royal l>v con/ruct only imp]fect cocoons1 op5 beh9d1 & envelop+ only ! head1 ?orax1 & fir/ r+ ( ! abdom52 & ,hub] concludes1 )\t any hesitation1 t ! f9al cause ( _! =m+ only incomplete cocoons is1 t !y may ?us be expos$ to ! mortal /+ ( ! fir/ hat*$ que51 ^: in/9ct leads h] in/antly to seek ! de/ruction ( ^? :o w\ld soon become h] rivals4 ,if ! royal l>v spun complete cocoons1 ! /+s ( ! que5s seek+ to de/roy _! rivals might be s entangl$ 9 _! me%es t !y c\ld n be dis5gag$4 ',su*1' says ,hub]1 'is ! in/9ctive enmity ( "y que5s to ea* o!r1 t ,i h se5 "o ( !m1 imm$iately on its em]g5ce f ! cell1 ru% to ^? ( its si/]s1 & te> to pieces ev5 ! imp]fect l>v4 ,hi!rto philosoph]s h claim$ our admiration ( nature = h] c>e 9 pres]v+ & multiply+ ! species4 ,b f ^! facts we mu/ n[ admire h] precautions 9 expos+ c]ta9 individuals to a mortal haz>d4' ,! cocoon ( ! royal l>va is v mu* /rong] & co>s] ?an t spun by ! drone or work]1 its texture consid]ably resembl+ t ( ! silk worm's4 ,! "y que5 does n come =? f h] cell until %e is q mature2 & z its great size gives h] abundant room to ex]cise h] w+s %e is capable ( fly+ z soon z %e quits x4 ,:ile /ill 9 h] cell %e makes ! flutt]+ & pip+ noises ) :i* e obs]vant bee keep] is s well acqua9t$4 ,"s ,api>ians h suppos$ t ! que5 bee has ! p[] to regulate ! developm5t ( eggs 9 h] ov>ies1 s t few or _m are produc$1 accord+ to ! necessities ( ! colony4 ,?is is evid5tly a mi/ake4 ,h] eggs1 l ^? ( ! dome/ic h51 are =m$ )\t any volition ( h] own1 & :5 fully develop$1 mu/ be extrud$4 ,if ! wea!r is unfavorable1 or if ! colony is too feeble to ma9ta9 suffici5t heat1 a small] numb] ( eggs are develop$ 9 h] ov>ies1 j z unfavorable circum/ances dim9i% ! numb] ( eggs laid by ! h52 if ! wea!r is v cold1 egg-lay+ usually ceases altoge!r4 ,9 ! latitude ( ,philadelphia1 ,i op5$ "o ( my hives on ! #e? day ( ,febru>y1 & f\nd an abundance ( eggs & brood1 al?\gh ! w9t] _h be5 an unusually cold "o1 & ! temp]ature ( ! prec$+ mon? v l[4 ,! fall ( #aheb 0 a w>m "o1 & eggs & brood 7 f\nd 9 a hive :i* ,i exam9$ on ! #ba/ ( ,octob]4 ,p[]ful /ocks 9 well protect$ hives conta9 "s brood1 at lea/ t5 mon?s 9 ! ye>2 9 w>m c\ntries1 bees probably bre$1 e mon? 9 ! ye>4 ,x is highly int]e/+ to see 9 :at way ! sup]num]>y eggs ( ! que5 are dispos$ (4 ,:5 ! numb] ( work]s is too small to take *>ge ( all h] eggs1 or :5 !re is a defici5cy ( bee bread to n\ri% ! "y1 7,see *apt] on ,poll517 or :51 = any reason1 %e judges x n be/ to deposit !m 9 cells1 %e /&s ^u a comb1 & simply extrudes !m f h] oviduct1 & ! work]s dev\r !m z fa/ z !y are laid6 ,?is ,i h repeat$ly witness$ 9 my obs]v+ hives1 & admir$ ! sagacity ( ! que5 9 economiz+ h] necess>y "w aft] ?is fa%ion1 in/ead ( labori\sly deposit+ ! eggs 9 cells :]e !y are n want$4 ,:at a diff]5ce betwe5 h] wise managem5t & ! /upidity ( a h5 ob/9ately p]si/+ to set ^u addl$ eggs1 or pieces ( *alk1 & (t5 ^u no?+ at all4 ,! work]s eat up also all ! eggs :i* are dropp$1 or deposit$ out ( place by ! que52 9 ?is way1 no?+ goes to wa/e1 & ev5 a t9y egg is turn$ to "s acc\nt4 ,0 !re ev] a bett] comm5t ^u ! maxim8 ,take c>e ( ! p5ce1 & ! p\nds w take c>e ( !mselves4 ,d ! work]s :o appe> to be s fond ( a tit-bit 9 ! %ape ( a new laid egg1 ev] exp]i5ce a /ruggle betwe5 _! appetites & ! claims ( duty1 & does x co/ !m "s self d5ial to refra9 f mak+ a breakfa/ on a fre% laid egg8 ,x is really v difficult = "o :o has c>efully wat*$ ! habits ( bees1 to speak ( 8 little favorites 9 any o!r way ?an z ?\gh !y possess$ an intellig5ce almo/1 if n q1 ak9 to reason4 ,x is well kn[n to e bre$] ( p\ltry1 t ! f]tility ( a h5 decreases ) age1 until at l5g?1 %e becomes entirely b>r52 x is equally c]ta9 t ! f]tility ( ! que5 bee ord9>ily dim9i%es aft] %e has ent]$ ^u h] ?ird ye>4 ,%e sometimes ceases to lay ,work] eggs1 a consid]able "t be=e %e dies ( old age2 ! cont5ts ( ! sp]ma!ca are exhau/$2 ! eggs c no long] be impregnat$ & mu/ !re=e produce drones4 ,! que5 bee usually dies ( old age1 "s "t 9 h] f\r? ye>1 al?\gh in/ances are on record ( "s hav+ surviv$ a ye> long]4 ,x is highly important to ! bee keep] :o w\ld receive ! l>ge/ returns f 8 bees1 to be able1 z 9 my hives1 to cat* ! que5 & remove h]1 :5 %e has pass$ ! p]iod ( h] greate/ f]tility4 ,9 ! sequel1 full directions w be giv51 z to ! prop] "t & mode ( effect+ x4 ,be=e proce$+ f>!r 9 ! natural hi/ory ( ! que5 bee1 ,i %all describe m p>ticul>ly1 ! o!r inmates ( ! hive4 ,,! ,,drones ,,or ,,male ,,bees4 ,! drones are1 unque/ionably1 ! male bees4 ,dissection proves t !y h ! appropriate organs ( g5]ation4 ,!y are mu* l>g] & /\t] ?an ei!r ! que5 or work]s2 al?\gh _! bodies are n q s long z t ( ! que54 ,!y h no /+ ) :i* to def5d !mselves2 no proboscis :i* is suitable = ga!r+ honey f ! fl[]s1 & no baskets on _! ?ighs = hold+ ! bee-bread4 ,!y are ?us physically disqualifi$ = "w1 ev5 if !y 7 ev] s well dispos$ to x4 ,_! prop] (fice is to impregnate ! "y que5s1 & !y are usually de/roy$ by ! bees1 soon aft] ?is is complet$4 ,dr4 ,evans ! au?or ( a beautiful poem on bees ?us appropriately describes !m3-- ,_! %ort proboscis sips ,no lusci\s nect> f ! wild ?yme's lips1 ,f ! lime's leaf no amb] drops !y /eal1 ,nor be> _! grooveless ?ighs ! foodful meal3 ,on o!r's toils 9 pamp]'d leisure ?rive ,! lazy fa!rs ( ! indu/ri\s hive4 ,! drones beg9 to make _! appe>ance 9 ,april or ,may2 e>li] or lat]1 accord+ to climate & ! =w>dness ( ! season1 & /r5g? ( ! /ock4 ,!y require ab\t tw5ty-f\r days = _! full developm5t f ! egg4 ,9 colonies :i* are too weak to sw>m1 none1 z a g5]al rule1 are re>$3 !y are n ne$$1 = 9 su* hives1 z no "y que5s are rais$1 !y w\ld be only useless consum]s4 ,! numb] ( drones 9 a hive is (t5 v great1 am\nt+1 n m]ely to hundr$s1 b sometimes to ?\s&s4 ,x seems1 at fir/1 v difficult to und]/& :y !re %\ld be s _m1 especially s9ce x has be5 asc]ta9$ t a s+le "o w impregnate a que5 = life4 ,b z int]c\rse always takes place high 9 ! air1 ! "y que5s are oblig$ to leave ! hive = ?is purpose2 & x is exce$+ly important to _! safety1 t !y %\ld be sure ( f9d+ "o1 )\t be+ compell$ to make frequ5t excursions4 ,be+ l>g] ?an a work]1 & less quick on ! w+1 !y are m expos$ to be caught by birds1 or bl[n d[n & de/roy$ by sudd5 gu/s ( w9d4 ,9 a l>ge ,api>y1 a few drones 9 ea* hive1 or ! numb] usually f\nd 9 "o1 might be amply suffici5t4 ,b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 t "u ^! circum/ances1 bees are n 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,be=e !y 7 dome/icat$1 a colony liv+ 9 a =e/1 (t5 _h no neighbors = miles4 ,n[ a good /ock 9 our climate1 sometimes s5ds out ?ree or m sw>ms1 & 9 ! tropical climates1 ( :i* ! bee is a native1 !y increase ) a/oni%+ rapidity4 ,at ,sydney1 9 ,au/ralia1 a s+le colony is /at$ to h multipli$ to #cjj 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,all ! new sw>ms except ! fir/1 are l$ (f by a "y que51 & z %e is nev] impregnat$ until aft] %e has be5 e/abli%$ z ! head ( a sep>ate family1 x is important t !y %\ld all be accompani$ by a goodly numb] ( drones2 & ?is r5d]s x necess>y t a l>ge numb] %\ld be produc$ 9 ! p>5t hive4 ,z ?is necessity no long] exi/s1 :5 ! bee is dome/icat$1 ! production ( s _m drones %\ld be disc\rag$4 ,traps h be5 inv5t$ to de/roy !m1 b x is mu* bett] to save ! bees ! labor & exp5se ( re>+ su* a ho/ ( useless consum]s4 ,?is c readily be done by ! use ( my hives4 ,! cells 9 :i* ! drones are re>$1 are mu* l>g] ?an ^? appropriat$ to ! rais+ ( work]s4 ,! combs conta9+ !m may be tak5 out1 to h _! places suppli$ ) work]'s cells1 & ?us ! ov] production ( drones may easily be prev5t$4 ,"s colonies conta9 s mu* drone comb z to be ne>ly wor?less4 ,i h no d\bt t "s ( my read]s w object to ?is mode ( managem5t z int]f]+ ) nature3 b let !m rememb] t ! bee is n 9 a /ate ( nature1 & t ! same objection might be urg$ aga9/ kill+ (f ! sup]-num]>y males ( our dome/ic animals4 ,9 ,july or ,augu/1 soon aft] ! sw>m+ season is ov]1 ! bees expel ! drones f ! hive4 ,!y sometimes /+ !m1 & sometimes gnaw ! roots ( _! w+s1 s t :5 driv5 f ! hive1 !y _c return4 ,if n treat$ 9 ei!r ( ^! summ>y ways1 !y are s p]secut$ & />v$1 t !y soon p]i%4 ,! hatr$ ( ! bees ext5ds ev5 to ! "y :i* are /ill unhat*$3 !y are m]cilessly pull$ f ! cells1 & de/roy$ ) ! re/4 ,h[ wond]ful t in/9ct :i* tea*es ! bees t !re is no long] any occasion = ! s]vices ( ! drones1 & :i* impels !m to de/roy ^? memb]s ( ! colony1 :i*1 a %ort "t be=e1 !y re>$ ) su* devot$ att5tion6 ,a colony :i* neglects to expel its drones at ! usual season1 ought always to be exam9$4 ,! que5 is probably ei!r diseas$ or dead4 ,9 my hives1 su* an exam9ation may be easily made1 ! true /ate ( ! case asc]ta9$1 & ! prop] rem$ies at once appli$4 7,see ,*apt] on ! ,loss ( ! ,que547 ,,! ,,production ,,( ,,s ,,_m ,,drones ,,necess>y1 ,,9 ,a ,,/ate ,,( ,,nature1 ,,to ,,prev5t ,,deg5]acy ,,f ,,9 ,,& ,,9 ,,bre$+4 ,i h (t5 be5 able1 by ! reasons previ\sly assign$1 to acc\nt = ! necessity ( su* a l>ge numb] ( drones 9 a /ate ( nature1 to ! satisfaction ( o!rs1 b nev] fully to my own4 ,i h repeat$ly qu]i$1 :y impregnation might n j z well h be5 effect$ 9 ! hive1 z on ! w+1 9 ! op5 air4 ,two v obvi\s & highly important advantages w\ld h result$ f su* an arrangem5t4 #a/4 ,a few doz5 drones w\ld h amply suffic$ = ! wants ( any colony1 ev5 if1 7z 9 tropical climates17 x sw>m$ half a doz5 times or (t5]1 9 ! same season4 #b;d4 ,! "y que5s w\ld h be5 expos$ to none ( ^? risks :i* !y n[ incur1 9 leav+ ! hive = fecundation4 ,i 0 unable to %[ h[ ! exi/+ arrangem5t is be/2 al?\gh ,i nev] d\bt$ t !re mu/ be a satisfactory reason = ?is seem+ imp]fection4 ,to suppose o!rwise1 w\ld be highly unphilosophical1 s9ce we con/antly see1 z ! circle ( our k is enl>g$1 _m my/]ies 9 nature hi!rto inexplicable1 fully cle>$ up4 ,let me "h ask if ! disposition :i* too _m /ud5ts ( nature *]i%1 to reject "s ( ! doctr9es ( reveal$ religion1 is n equally unphilosophical4 ,nei!r our ignorance ( all ! facts necess>y to _! full elucidation1 nor our inability to h>monize ^! facts 9 _! mutual relations & dep5d5cies1 w ju/ify u 9 reject+ any tru? :i* ,god has se5 fit to reveal1 ei!r 9 ! book ( nature1 or 9 ,8 holy ^w4 ,! man :o w\ld sub/itute 8 own speculations = ! div9e tea*+s1 has emb>k$1 )\t rudd] or *>t1 pilot or compass1 ^u ! unc]ta9 ocean ( !ory & conjecture2 unless he turns 8 pr[ f its fatal c\rse1 no ,sun ( ,righte\sness w ev] bright5 = him ! dre>y expanse ( wat]s2 /orms & :irlw9ds w ?ick5 9 gloom1 on 8 voyage ( life1 & no favor+ gales w ev] waft 8 %att]$ b>k to a peaceful hav54 ,! ?\ghtful read] w require no apology = ! moraliz+ /ra9 ( _m ( my rem>ks1 nor blame a cl]gyman1 if =gett+ sometimes to speak z ! m]e naturali/1 he endeavors to f9d1 ,tongues 9 trees1 books 9 ! runn+ brooks1 ,s]mons 9 'bees1' & ',,god' 9 e ?+4 ,to return to ! po9t f :i* ,i h digress$2 a new attempt to acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( s _m drones4 ,if a f>m] p]si/s 9 :at is call$ bre$+ 9 & 91 t is1 f ! same /ock )\t *ang+ ! blood1 x is well kn[n t a rapid deg5]acy is ! inevitable consequ5ce4 ,?is law ext5ds1 z f> z we "k1 to all animal life1 & ev5 man is n exempt f its influ5ce4 ,h we any reason to suppose t ! bee is an exception8 or t ultimate deg5]acy w\ld n ensue1 unless "s provision 0 made to c\nt]act ! t5d5cy to 9 & 9 bre$+8 ,if fecundation _h tak5 place 9 ! hive1 ! que5 bee mu/ ( necessity1 h be5 impregnat$ by drones f a common p>5t1 & ! same result mu/ h tak5 place 9 ea* successive g5]ation1 until ! :ole species w\ld ev5tually h run out4 ,by ! pres5t arrangem5t1 ! "y females1 :5 !y leave ! hive1 (t5 f9d ! air sw>m+ ) drones1 _m ( :i* belong to o!r colonies1 & ?us by cross+ ! bre$1 a provision is con/antly made to prev5t det]ioration4 ,exp]i5ce has prov$ n only t x is unnecess>y to impregnation t !re %\ld be drones 9 ! colony ( ! "y que51 b t ?is may be effect$ ev5 :5 !re are no drones 9 ! ,api>y1 & none except at "s consid]able di/ance4 ,int]c\rse takes place v high 9 ! air1 7p]haps t less risk may be incurr$ f birds17 & ?is is ! m favorable to ! cont9ual cross+ ( /ocks4 ,i am /rongly p]suad$ t ! decay ( _m fl\ri%+ /ocks1 ev5 :5 manag$ ) great c>e1 is to be attribut$ to ! fact t !y h become enfeebl$ by close bre$+1 & are ?us unable to resi/ ! injuri\s influ5ces :i* 7 comp>atively h>mless :5 ! bees 7 9 a /ate ( high physical vigor4 ,i %all1 9 ! *apt] on ,artificial ,sw>m+1 expla9 9 :at way1 by ! use ( my hives1 ! /ock ( bees may be easily cross$1 :5 a cultivator is too remote f o!r ,api>ies1 to dep5d ^u its be+ naturally effect$4 ,,! ,,work]s ,,or ,,common ,,bees4 ,! numb] ( work]s 9 a hive v>ies v mu*4 ,a good sw>m ought to conta9 #ae1jjj or #bj1jjj2 & 9 l>ge hives1 /rong colonies :i* are n r$uc$ by sw>m+1 frequ5tly numb] two or ?ree times z _m1 dur+ ! height ( ! bre$+ season4 ,we h well-au!nticat$ in/ances ( /ocks mu* m popul\s ?an ?is4 ,! ,poli% hives w hold sev]al bu%els1 & yet we are in=m$ by ,mr4 ,dohiogo/1 t !y sw>m regul>ly1 & t ! sw>ms are s p[]ful t !y resemble a little cl\d 9 ! air4 ,i %all h]eaft] consid] h[ ! size ( ! hive affects ! numb] ( bees t x may be expect$ to produce4 ,! work]s1 7z has be5 already /at$17 are all females ^: ov>ies are too imp]fectly develop$ to admit ( _! lay+ eggs4 ,= a long "t1 !y 7 reg>d$ z nei!r males nor females1 & 7 call$ ,neut]s2 b m c>eful microscopic exam9ations h enabl$ u to detect ! rudim5ts ( _! ov>ies1 & ?us to det]m9e _! sex4 ,! accuracy ( ^! exam9ations has be5 v]ifi$ by ! well-kn[n facts respect+ f]tile work]s4 ,riem1 a ,g]man ,api>ian1 fir/ discov]$ t work]s sometimes lay eggs4 ,hub]1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 inve/igations on ?is subject1 asc]ta9$ t su* work]s 7 rais$ 9 hives t _h lo/ _! que51 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ! royal cells 9 :i* "y que5s 7 be+ re>$4 ,he conjectur$ t !y receiv$ accid5tally1 a small portion ( ! peculi> food ( ^! infant que5s1 & 9 ?is way1 he acc\nt$ = _! reproductive organs be+ m develop$ ?an ^? ( o!r work]s4 ,work]s re>$ 9 su* hives1 are 9 close proximity to ! "y que5s1 & !re is c]ta9ly mu* probability t "s ( ! royal jelly may be accid5tally dropp$ into _! cells2 z1 9 ^! hives1 ! que5 cells :5 fir/ comm5c$ are p>allel to ! horizon1 in/ead ( be+ p]p5dicul> to x1 z !y are 9 o!r hives4 ,i d n feel confid5t1 h[ev]1 t !y are n sometimes br$ 9 hives :i* h n lo/ _! que54 ,! k9d ( eggs laid by ^! f]tile work]s1 has already be5 notic$4 ,su* work]s are seldom tol]at$ 9 hives conta9+ a f]tile1 heal?y que51 ?\gh in/ances ( ?is k9d h be5 kn[n to occur4 ,! work] is mu* small] ?an ei!r ! que5 or ! drone4#e ,x is furni%$ ) a tongue or proboscis1 ( ! mo/ curi\s & complicat$ /ructure1 :i*1 :5 n 9 use1 is nicely fold$ "u its abdom52 ) ?is1 x licks or bru%es up ! honey1 :i* is !nce convey$ to its honey-bag4 ,?is receptacle is n l>g] ?an a v small pea1 & is s p]fectly transp>5t1 z to appe> :5 fill$1 ( ! same color ) its cont5ts2 x is prop]ly ! fir/ /oma* ( ! bee1 & is surr\nd$ by muscles :i* enable ! bee to compress x1 & empty its cont5ts ?r\gh h] proboscis into ! cells4 7,see ,*apt] on ,honey47 ,! h9d] legs ( ! work] are furni%$ ) a spoon-%ap$ holl[ or basket1 to receive ! poll5 or bee bread :i* %e ga!rs f ! fl[]s4 7,see ,*apt] on ,poll547 ,e work] is arm$ ) a =midable /+1 & :5 provok$1 makes in/ant & effectual use ( h] natural weapon4 ,! /+1 :5 subject$ to microscopic exam9ation1 exhibits a v curi\s & complicat$ me*anism4 ,x is mov$#f by muscles :i*1 ?\gh invisible to ! eye1 are yet /rong en\gh to =ce ! /+1 to ! dep? ( "o twelf? ( an in*1 ?r\gh ! ?ick sk9 ( a man's h&4 ,at its root are situat$ two gl&s by :i* ! poison is secret$3 ^! gl&s unit+ 9 "o duct1 eject ! v5em\s liquid along ! groove1 =m$ by ! junction ( ! two pi]c]s4 ,!re are f\r b>bs on ! outside ( ea* pi]c]3 :5 ! insect is prep>$ to /+1 "o ( ^! pi]c]s1 hav+ its po9t a little long] ?an ! o!r1 fir/ d>ts into ! fle%1 & be+ fix$ by its =emo/ be>d1 ! o!r /rikes 9 also1 & !y alt]nately p5etrate deep] & deep]1 till !y acquire a firm hold ( ! fle% ) _! b>b$ hooks1 & !n foll[s ! %ea?1 convey+ ! poison into ! w\nd4 ,! action ( ! /+1 says ,paley1 af=ds an example ( ! union ( *emi/ry & me*anism2 ( *emi/ry 9 respect to ! v5om1 :i* c produce su* p[]ful effects2 ( me*anism z ! /+ is a comp\nd in/rum5t4 ,! ma*9]y w\ld h be5 comp>atively useless _h x n be5 = ! *emical process1 by :i* 9 ! insect's body honey is conv]t$ into poison2 & on ! o!r h&1 ! poison w\ld h be5 ineffectual1 )\t an in/rum5t to w\nd1 & a syr+e to inject x4 ,^u exam9+ ! edge ( a v ke5 razor by ! microscope1 x appe>s z broad z ! back ( a pretty ?ick knife1 r\gh1 unev51 & full ( not*es & furr[s1 & s f> f any?+ l %>pness1 t an in/rum5t1 z blunt z ?is seem$ to be1 w\ld n s]ve ev5 to cleave wood4 ,an exce$+ly small ne$le be+ also exam9$1 x resembl$ a r\gh iron b> out ( a smi?'s =ge4 ,! /+ ( a bee view$ ?r\gh ! same in/rum5t1 %[$ ev]y:]e a poli% amaz+ly beautiful1 )\t ! lea/ flaw1 blemi%1 or inequality1 & end$ 9 a po9t too f9e to be disc]n$4 ,! extremity ( ! /+ be+ b>b$ l an arr[1 ! bee c seldom )draw x1 if ! sub/ance into :i* %e d>ts x is at all t5aci\s4 ,9 los+ h] /+ %e p>ts ) a portion ( h] inte/9es1 & ( necessity1 soon p]i%es4 ,z ! loss ( ! /+ is always fatal to ! bees1 !y pay a de> p5alty = ! ex]cise ( _! patriotic in/9cts2 b !y always seem ready1 7except :5 !y h tak5 a drop too mu*1 & are gorg$ ) honey17 to die 9 def5ce ( _! home & treasures2 or z ! poet has express$ x1 !y ,deem life itself to v5geance well resign'd1 ,die on ! w\nd1 & leave _! /+ beh9d4 ,hornets1 wasps & o!r /++ insects are able to )draw _! /+s f ! w\nd4 ,i h nev] se5 any attempt to acc\nt = ! exception 9 ! case ( ! honey bee4 ,b if ! ,creator int5d$ ! bee = ! use ( man1 z ,he mo/ c]ta9ly did1 has ,he n giv5 x ?is peculi>ity1 to make x less =midable1 & !re=e m completely subject to human control8 ,)\t a /+1 x w\ld h /ood no *ance ( def5d+ its tempt+ sweets aga9/ a ho/ ( gre$y depr$ators2 b if x c\ld /+ a numb] ( times1 x w\ld be mu* m difficult to br+ x into a /ate ( ?or\gh dome/ication4 ,a quiv] full ( arr[s 9 ! h& ( a skilful m>ksman1 is f> m to be dread$ ?an a s+le %aft4 ,! def5ce ( ! colony aga9/ enemies1 ! con/ruction ( ! cells1 ! /or+ ( !m ) honey & bee-bread1 ! re>+ ( ! "y1 9 %ort1 ! :ole "w ( ! hive1 ! lay+ ( eggs except$1 is c>ri$ on by ! indu/ri\s little work]s4 ,!re may be g5tlem5 ( leisure 9 ! commonweal? ( bees1 b mo/ assur$ly !re are no su* ladies1 :e!r ( high or l[ degree4 ,! que5 h]self1 has h] full %>e ( duties1 = x mu/ be admitt$ t ! royal (fice is no s9ecure1 :5 ! "m :o fills x1 mu/ sup]9t5d daily ! prop] deposition ( sev]al ?\s& eggs6 ,,age ,,( ,,bees4 ,! que5 bee1 7z has be5 already /at$17 w live f\r1 & sometimes1 ?\gh v r>ely1 five ye>s4 ,z ! life ( ! drones is usually cut %ort by viol5ce1 x is n easy to asc]ta9 its precise limit4 ,bevan1 9 "s int]e/+ /atem5ts on ! longevity ( bees1 e/imates x n to exce$ f\r mon?s4 ,! work]s are suppos$ by him1 to live six or sev5 mon?s4 ,_! age dep5ds1 h[ev]1 v mu* ^u _! great] or less exposure to injuri\s influ5ces & sev]e labors4 ,^? re>$ 9 ! spr+ & e>ly "p ( summ]1 & on :om ! heavie/ labors ( ! hive mu/ necess>ily devolve1 d n appe> to live m ?an two or ?ree mon?s1 :ile ^? :i* are br$ at ! close ( summ]1 & e>ly 9 autumn1 be+ able to sp5d a l>ge "p ( _! "t 9 repose1 atta9 a mu* great] age4 ,x is v evid5t t ! bee1 7to use ! words ( a qua9t old writ]17 is a summ] bird1 & t ) ! exception ( ! que51 none live to be a ye> old4 ,not*$ & ragg$ w+s1 in/ead ( gray hairs & wr9kl$ faces1 are ! signs ( old age 9 ! bee1 & indicate t its season ( toil w soon be ov]4 ,!y appe> to die r sudd5ly1 & (t5 sp5d _! la/ days1 & sometimes ev5 _! la/ h\rs1 9 useful labors4 ,place y\rself be=e a hive1 & see ! indefatigable en]gy ( ^! ag$ vet]ans1 toil+ along ) _! heavy burd5s1 side by side ) _! m y\?ful compe]s1 & !n say if y c1 t y h done "w en\gh1 & t y w give y\rself up to slo?ful indulg5ce1 :ile ! ability = useful labor /ill rema9s4 ,let ! *e]ful hum ( _! indu/ri\s old age inspire y ) bett] resolutions1 & tea* y h[ mu* nobl] x is to meet dea? 9 ! pa? ( duty1 /riv+ /ill1 z y h opportunity1 to d good unto all m54 ,! age :i* individual memb]s ( ! community may atta91 mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) t ( ! colony4 ,bees h be5 kn[n to occupy ! same domicile = a great numb] ( ye>s4 ,i h se5 fl\ri%+ colonies :i* 7 tw5ty ye>s old1 & ! ,abbe ,della ,rocca speaks ( "s ov] =ty ye>s old6 ,su* cases h l$ to ! errone\s op9ion t bees are a long-liv$ race4 ,b ?is1 z ,dr4 ,evans has obs]v$1 is j z wise z if a /rang]1 contemplat+ a popul\s city1 & p]sonally unacqua9t$ ) its inhabitants1 %\ld on pay+ x a second visit1 _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 & f9d+ x equally popul\s1 imag9e t x 0 peopl$ by ! same individuals1 n "o ( :om might !n be liv+4 ,l leaves on trees1 ! race ( bees is f\nd1 ,n[ gre5 9 y\?1 n[ )]+ on ! gr\nd2 ,ano!r race ! ,spr+ or ,fall supplies1 ,!y droop successive1 & successive rise4 ,! cocoons spun by ! l>v1 are nev] remov$ by ! bees2 !y /ick s closely to ! sides ( ! cells1 t ! kn[+ bee well und]/&s t ! labor ( removal w\ld co/ m ?an x w\ld be wor?4 ,9 process ( "t1 ! bre$+ cells become too small = ! prop] developm5t ( ! "y4 ,9 "s cases1 ! bees mu/ take d[n & recon/ruct ! old combs1 = if !y did n1 ! "y issu+ f !m w\ld always be dw>fs2 :]eas ,i once comp>$ ) o!r bees1 ^? ( a colony m ?an fifte5 ye>s old1 & f\nd no p]ceptible diff]5ce4 ,t !y d n always r5ew ! old combs1 mu/ be admitt$1 z ! "y f "s old hives are (t5 consid]ably bel[ ! av]age size4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 x is v desirable to be able to remove ! old combs occasionally1 t _! place may be suppli$ ) new ones4 ,x is a great mi/ake to imag9e t ! brood combs ought to be *ang$ e ye>4 ,9 my hives1 !y might1 if x 7 desirable1 be easily *ang$ sev]al times 9 a ye>3 b once 9 five or six ye>s is (t5 en\gh2 (t5] ?an ?is requires a ne$less consumption ( honey to replace !m1 besides be+ = o!r reasons undesirable1 z ! bees are always 9 w9t]1 cold] 9 new comb ?an 9 old4 ,inv5tors ( hives h too (t5 be51 mo/ emphatically m5 ( "o idea3 & t "o1 in/ead ( be+ a well e/abli%$ & important fact 9 ! physiology ( ! bee1 has frequ5tly1 7l ! necessity = a ye>ly *ange ( ! brood combs17 be5 m]ely a conceit1 exi/+ n[h]e b 9 ! bra9 ( a vision>y projector4 ,?is is all h>mless en\gh1 until an ef=t is made to impose su* mis]able crudities ^u an ignorant public1 ei!r 9 ! %ape ( a pat5t$ hive1 or worse /ill1 ( an ,,unpat5t$ hive1 ! pret5d$ ,,"r to use :i*1 is ,,fraudul5tly sold to ! *eat$ pur*as]66 ,= want ( prop] k ) reg>d to ! age ( bees1 huge bee palaces1 & l>ge closets 9 g>rets or attics1 h be5 con/ruct$1 & _! proprietors h va9ly imag9$ t ! bees w\ld fill !m1 h[ev] roomy2 = !y c see no reason :y a colony %\ld n cont9ue to increase indef9itely1 until at l5g? x numb]s its inhabitants by millions or billions6 ,z ! bees c nev] at "o "t equal1 /ill less exce$ ! numb] :i* ! que5 is capable ( produc+ 9 "o season1 ^! spaci\s dwell+s h always an abundance ( sp>e rooms4 ,x seems /range t m5 c be ?us deceiv$1 :5 (t5 9 _! own ,api>y1 !y h heal?y /ocks :i* h n sw>m$ = a ye> or m1 & :i* yet 9 ! spr+ are n a :it m popul\s ?an ^? :i* h regul>ly p>t$ ) vigor\s sw>ms4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,creator1 has = "s wise reason1 set a limit to ! increase ( numb]s 9 a s+le colony2 & ,i %all v5ture to assign :at appe>s to me to h be5 "o reason = ,8 s do+4 ,suppose t ,he _h giv5 to ! bee1 a l5g? ( life z great z t ( ! horse or ! c[1 or _h made ea* que5 capable ( lay+ daily1 "s hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( eggs1 or _h giv5 sev]al hundr$ que5s to ea* hive1 !n f ! ,v nature ( ! case1 a colony mu/ h gone on increas+1 until x became a sc\rge r ?an a b5efit to man4 ,9 ! w>m climates ( :i* ! bee is a native1 !y w\ld h e/abli%$ !mselves 9 "s cav]n or capaci\s cleft 9 ! rocks1 & w\ld !re h quickly become s p[]ful z to bid defiance to all attempts to appropriate ! avails ( _! labors4 ,x has already be5 /at$1 t none1 except ! "m wasps & hornets1 survive ! w9t]4 ,if ^! insects _h be5 able1 l ! bee1 to comm5ce ! season ) ! accumulat$ /r5g? ( a l>ge colony1 long be=e its close1 !y w\ld h prov$ a mo/ intol]able nuisance4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! que5 bee _h be5 compell$1 solit>y & alone1 to lay ! f\ndations ( a new commonweal?1 ! honey-h>ve/ w\ld h disappe>$ be=e %e c\ld h become ! p>5t ( a num]\s family4 ,9 ! laws :i* regulate ! increase ( bees z well z 9 all o!r p>ts ( _! economy1 we h ! pla9e/ pro(s t ! insect 0 =m$ = ! special s]vice ( ! human race4 ,,! ,,process ,,( ,,re>+ ,,! ,,que5 ,,m ,,p>ticul>ly ,,describ$4 ,if 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! season1 ! population ( a hive becomes uncom=tably cr[d$1 ! bees usually make prep>ations = sw>m+4 ,a numb] ( royal cells are comm5c$1 & !y are plac$ almo/ always ^u ^? edges ( ! combs :i* are n atta*$ to ! sides ( ! hive4 ,^! cells some:at resemble a small gr\nd-nut or pea-nut1 & are ab\t an in* deep1 & "o-?ird ( an in* 9 diamet]3 !y are v ?ick1 & require a l>ge quantity ( mat]ial = _! con/ruction4 ,!y are seldom se5 9 a p]fect /ate1 z ! bees nibble !m away aft] ! que5 has hat*$1 leav+ only _! rema9s1 9 ! %ape ( a v small acorn-cup4 ,:ile ! o!r cells op5 sideways1 ^! always hang ) _! m\? d[nw>ds4 ,mu* speculation has aris5 z to ! reason = ?is deviation3 "s h conjectur$ t _! peculi> position ex]t$ an influ5ce ^u ! developm5t ( ! royal l>v2 :ile o!rs1 hav+ asc]ta9$ t no injuri\s effect 0 produc$ by turn+ !m upw>ds1 or plac+ !m 9 any o!r position1 h consid]$ ?is deviation z among ! inscrutable my/]ies ( ! bee-hive4 ,s x always seem$ to me1 until m c>eful reflection enabl$ me to solve ! problem4 ,! que5 cells op5 d[nw>ds1 simply to save room6 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! p>allel ranges ( comb be+ usually less ?an half an in*1 ! bees c\ld n h made ! royal cells to op5 sideways1 )\t sacrific+ ! cells opposite to !m4 ,9 ord] to economize space1 to ! v utmo/1 !y put !m ^u ! unoccupi$ edges ( ! comb1 z ! only place :]e !re is always pl5ty ( room = su* v l>ge cells4 ,! numb] ( royal cells v>ies greatly2 sometimes !re are only two or ?ree1 ord9>ily !re are five or six1 & ,i h occasionally se5 m ?an a doz54 ,!y are n all comm5c$ at once1 = ! bees d n int5d t ! "y que5s %all all arrive at maturity1 at ! same "t4 ,i d n consid] x z fully settl$1 h[ ! eggs are deposit$ 9 ^! cells4 ,9 "s few in/ances1 ,i h kn[n ! bees to transf] ! eggs f common to que5 cells1 & ?is may be _! g5]al me?od ( proc$ure4 ,i %all haz>d ! conjecture t ! que5 deposits h] eggs 9 cells on ! edges ( ! comb1 9 a cr[d$ /ate ( ! hive1 & t "s ( ^! are aft]w>ds enl>g$ & *ang$ into royal cells by ! work]s4 ,su* is ! in/9ctive hatr$ ( ! que5 to h] own k9d1 t x does n seem to me probable1 t %e is intru/$ ) ev5 ! initiatory /eps = secur+ a race ( successors4 ,t ! eggs f :i* ! "y que5s are produc$1 are ( ! same k9d ) ^? produc+ work]s1 has be5 repeat$ly demon/rat$4 ,on exam9+ ! que5 cells :ile !y are 9 progress1 "o ( ! fir/ ?+s :i* excites our notice1 is ! v unusual am\nt ( att5tion be/[$ ^u !m by ! work]s4 ,!re is sc>cely a second 9 :i* a bee is n peep+ into !m1 & j z fa/ z "o is satisfi$1 ano!r pops its head 91 to exam9e if n to report1 progress4 ,! importance ( _! inmates to ! bee-community1 might easily be inf]r$ f _! be+ ! c5t] ( s mu* attraction4 ,,royal ,,jelly4 ,! "y que5s are suppli$ ) a mu* l>g] quantity ( food ?an is allott$ to ! o!r l>v1 s t !y seem almo/ to float 9 a ?ick b$ ( jelly1 & !re is usually a portion ( x left unconsum$ at ! base ( ! cells1 aft] ! insects h arriv$ at maturity4 ,x is diff]5t f ! food ( ei!r drones or work]s1 & 9 appe>ance1 resembles a light qu9ce jelly1 hav+ a slightly acid ta/e4 ,i submitt$ a portion ( ! royal jelly = analysis1 to ,dr4 ,*>les ,m4 ,we!rill1 ( ,philadelphia2 a v int]e/+ acc\nt ( 8 exam9ation may be f\nd 9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,phila4 ,academy ( ,nat4 ,sci5ces = ,july1 #aheb4 ,he speaks ( ! sub/ance z truly a bread-conta9+1 album9\s comp\nd4 ,i hope 9 ! c\rse ( ! com+ summ] to obta9 f ?is able analytical *emi/1 an analysis ( ! food ( ! "y drones & work]s4 ,a comp>ison ( its elem5ts ) ^? ( ! royal jelly1 may ?r[ "s light on subjects z yet involv$ 9 obscurity4 ,! effects produc$ ^u ! l>v by ?is peculi> food & me?od ( treatm5t1 are v rem>kable4 ,= "o1 ,i h nev] consid]$ x /range t su* effects %\ld be reject$ z idle :ims1 by ne>ly all except ^? :o h ei!r be5 eye-witnesses to !m1 or h be5 well acqua9t$ ) ! "* & opportunities = accurate obs]vation1 ( ^? on ^: te/imony !y h receiv$ !m4 ,!y are n only 9 !mselves mo/ m>vel\sly /range1 b on ! face ( !m s entirely oppos$ to all common analogies1 & s v improbable1 t _m m5 :5 ask$ to believe !m1 feel almo/ z ?\gh an insult 7 (f]$ to _! common s5se4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! effects1 ,i %all n[ proce$ to enum]ate4 #a/4 ,! peculi> mode 9 :i* ! worm design$ to be re>$ z a que51 is treat$1 causes x to arrive at maturity1 ab\t "o-?ird e>li] ?an if x _h be5 br$ a work]4 ,& yet x is to be mu* m fully develop$1 & accord+ to ord9>y analogy1 ought to h _h a sl[] gr[?6 #b;d4 ,its organs ( reproduction are completely develop$1 s t x is capable ( fulfill+ ! (fice ( a "m4 #c;d4 ,its size1 %ape & color are all greatly *ang$4 7,see p4 #cb47 ,its l[] jaws are %ort]1 its head r\nd]1 & its legs h nei!r bru%es nor baskets1 :ile its /+ is m curv$1 & "o-?ird long] ?an t ( a work]4 #d?4 ,its in/9cts are entirely *ang$4 ,re>$ z a work]1 x w\ld h be5 ready to ?ru/ out its /+1 ^u ! lea/ provocation2 :]eas n[1 x may be pull$ limb f limb1 )\t attempt+ to /+4 ,z a work] x w\ld h treat$ a que5 ) ! greate/ consid]ation2 :]eas n[1 if plac$ "u a glass ) ano!r que51 x ru%es =?) to mortal combat ) its rival4 ,z a work]1 x w\ld frequ5tly h left ! hive1 ei!r = labor or ex]cise3 z a que51 aft] impregnation1 x nev] leaves ! hive except to accompany a new sw>m4 #e?4 ,! t]m ( its life is rem>kably l5g!n$4 ,z a work]1 x w\ld h liv$ n m ?an six or sev5 mon?s at f>!/2 z a que5 x may live sev5 or eight times z long6 ,all ^! wond]s re/ on ! impregnable basis ( complete demon/ration1 & in/ead ( be+ witness$ by only a select few1 may n[1 by ! use ( my hive1 be famili> sights to any bee keep]1 :o pref]s to acqua9t himself ) facts1 r ?an to cavil & sne] at ! labors ( o!rs4#g ,:5 provision has be5 made1 9 ! mann] describ$1 = a new race ( que5s1 ! old "m always dep>ts ) ! fir/ sw>m1 be=e h] successors h arriv$ at maturity4#h ,,artificial ,,re>+ ,,( ,,que5s4 ,! di/ress ( ! bees :5 !y lose _! que51 has already be5 describ$4 ,if !y h ! means ( supply+ h] loss1 !y soon calm d[n1 & comm5ce =?)1 ! necess>y /eps = re>+ ano!r4 ,! process ( re>+ que5s artificially1 to meet "s special em]g5cy1 is ev5 m wond]ful ?an ! natural "o1 :i* has already be5 describ$4 ,its success dep5ds on ! bees hav+ work]-eggs or worms n m ?an ?ree days old2 7if old]1 ! l>va has be5 too f> develop$ z a work] to admit ( any *ange37 ! bees nibble away ! p>titions ( two cells adjo9+ a ?ird1 s z to make "o l>ge cell out ( ! ?ree4 ,!y de/roy ! eggs or worms 9 two ( ^! cells1 :ile !y place be=e ! occupant ( ! ?ird1 ! usual food ( ! "y que5s1 & build out its cell1 s z to give x ample space = developm5t4 ,!y d n conf9e !mselves to ! attempt to re> a s+le que51 b to gu>d aga9/ failure1 />t a consid]able numb]1 al?\gh ! "w on all except a few1 is usually soon discont9u$4 ,9 twelve or f\rte5 days1 !y are 9 possession ( a new que51 precisely simil> to "o re>$ 9 ! natural way1 :ile ! eggs :i* 7 laid at ! same "t 9 ! adjo9+ cells1 & :i* h be5 develop$ 9 ! usual way1 are ne>ly a week long] 9 com+ to maturity4 ,i w give 9 ?is connection a description ( an int]e/+ exp]im5t3 ,a l>ge hive :i* /ood at a di/ance f any o!r colony1 0 remov$ 9 ! morn+ ( a v pleasant day1 to a new place1 & ano!r hive conta9+ only empty comb1 0 put ^u its /&4 ,?\s&s ( work]s :i* 7 out 9 ! fields1 or :i* left ! old hive aft] its removal1 return$ to ! famili> spot4 ,x 0 affect+ to witness _! grief & despair3 !y flew 9 re/less circles ab\t ! place :i* once conta9$ _! happy home1 ent]$ & left ! new hive cont9ually1 express+1 9 v>i\s ways1 _! lam5tations ov] _! cruel b]eavem5t4 ,t[>ds ev5+1 !y ceas$ to take w+1 & roam$ 9 re/less platoons1 9 & out ( ! hive1 & ov] its surface1 act+ all ! "t1 z ?\gh 9 se>* ( "s lo/ treasure4 ,i n[ gave !m a piece ( brood comb1 conta9+ work] eggs & worms1 tak5 f a second sw>m :i* be+ j e/abli%$ ) its "y que51 9 a new hive1 c\ld h no int5tion ( re>+ "y que5s t season2 !re=e1 x _c be cont5d$ t ?is piece ( comb conta9$ :at "s are pleas$ to call royal eggs4 ,:at foll[$ ! introduction ( ?is brood comb1 took place mu* quick] ?an x c be describ$4 ,! bees :i* fir/ t\*$ x1 rais$ a peculi> note1 & 9 a mom5t1 ! comb 0 cov]$ ) a d5se mass2 _! re/less motions & m\rnful noises ceas$1 & a *e]ful hum at once atte/$ _! delight6 ,despair gave place to hope1 z !y recogniz$ 9 ?is small piece ( comb1 ! means ( deliv]ance4 ,suppose a l>ge build+ fill$ ) ?\s&s ( p]sons1 te>+ _! hair1 beat+ _! brea/s1 & by pite\s cries1 z well z frantic ge/ures1 giv+ v5t to _! despair2 if n[ "s "o %\ld ent] ?is h\se ( m\rn+1 & by a s+le ^w1 cause all ^! demon/rations ( agony to give place to smiles & congratulations1 ! *ange c\ld n be m wond]ful & in/antane\s1 ?an t produc$ :5 ! bees receiv$ ! brood comb6 ,! ,ori5tals call ! honey bee1 ,deburrah1 ,%e t speake?4 ,w\ld t ?is little insect might speak1 & 9 words m eloqu5t ?an ^? ( man's device1 to ! multitudes :o all[ !mselves to reject ! doctr9es ( reveal$ religion1 because1 z !y ass]t1 !y are1 on _! face s utt]ly improbable1 t !y labor "u an a priori objection /rong en\gh to be fatal to _! cr$ibility4 ,d n ne>ly all ! /eps 9 ! developm5t ( a que5 f a work]-egg1 labor "u precisely ! same objection8 & h !y n1 = ?is v reason1 always be5 reg>d$ by great numb]s ( bee keep]s1 z unwor?y ( cr$5ce8 ,if ! favorite argum5t ( infidels & errori/s w n /& ! te/ :5 appli$ to ! wond]s ( ! bee-hive1 c x be reg>d$ z entitl$ to any s]i\s weight1 :5 employ$ 9 fram+ objections aga9/ religi\s tru?s1 & arrogantly tak+ to task ! inf9ite ,jehovah1 = :at ,he has be5 pleas$ to d or to tea*8 ,give me ! same latitude claim$ by su* objectors1 & ,i c easily prove t a man is "u no obligation to receive any ( ! wond]s 9 ! economy ( ! bee-hive1 al?\gh he is himself an intellig5t eye-witness t !y are all sub/antial v]ities4 ,i %all quote1 9 ?is connection1 f ,hui%1 an ,engli% ,api>ian ( :om ,i h already spok51 because 8 objections to ! discov]ies ( ,hub]1 rem9d me s =cibly ( bo? ! _s & pr9ciples ( ! great majority ( ^? :o object to ! doctr9es ( reveal$ religion4 ,if an individual1 ) ! view ( acquir+ "s k ( ! natural hi/ory ( ! bee1 or ( its managem5t1 consult ! works ( ,bag/]1 ,bevan1 or any ( ! p]iodicals :i* casually treat ^u ! subject1 w he n rise f ! /udy ( !m ) 8 m9d sur*>g$ ) falsities & my/ification8 ,w he n discov] ?r\gh ! :ole ( !m a s]vile acquiesc5ce 9 ! op9ions & discov]ies ( "o man1 h[ev] at v>iance !y may be ) tru? or probability2 & if he ent] ^u ! discussion ) 8 m9d free f prejudice1 w he n exp]i5ce t an outrage has be5 committ$ ^u 8 reason1 9 call+ ^u him to give ass5t to positions & pr9ciples :i* at be/ are m]ely assum$1 b to :i* he is call$ ^u dogmatically to subscribe 8 acquiesc5ce z ! indubitable results ( exp]i5ce1 skill & ability8 ,! editors ( ! works above allud$ to1 %\ld boldly & indignantly h decl>$1 t f _! own exp]i5ce 9 ! natural economy ( ! insect1 !y 7 able to pron\nce ! circum/ances z relat$ by ,hub] to be directly impossible1 & ! :ole ( !m bas$ on fiction & imposition4 ,let ! read] *ange only a few words 9 ?is extract3 = ! natural hi/ory ( ! bee or its managem5t1 let him write1 ! subject ( religion2 =1 ! works ( ,bag/]1 ,bevan1 c41 let him put1 ! works ( ,moses1 ,paul1 c42 =1 _! own exp]i5ce 9 ! natural economy ( ! insect1 let him sub/itute1 _! own exp]i5ce 9 ! nature ( man2 & =1 circum/ances z relat$ by ,hub]1 let him ins]t1 z relat$ by ,luke or ,john1 & x w s\nd almo/ precisely l a passage f "s infidel au?or4 ,i resume ! quotation f ,hui%2 ,if we exam9e ! acc\nt :i* ,hub] gives ( 8 inv5tion 767 ( ! royal jelly1 ! exi/5ce & efficacy ( :i* are fully acquiesc$ 9 by ! a=esaid editors1 to :at o!r conclusions are we necess>ily driv51 ?an t !y are ! dupes ( a vision>y en?usia/1 ^: greate/ m]it consi/s 9 8 inv5tive p[]s1 no matt] h[ de/itute ^? p[]s may be ( all aff9ity ) tru? or probability8 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 ^! editors be/[$ _! unqualifi$ ass5t on ! exi/5ce ( ?is royal jelly1 did !y /op to put to !mselves ! foll[+ que/ions8 ,by :at k9d ( bee is x made8#i ,:5ce is x procur$8 ,is x a natural or an elaborat$ sub/ance8 ,if natural1 f :at s\rce is x d]iv$8 ,if elaborat$1 9 :at /oma* ( ! bee is x to be f\nd8 ,h[ is x adm9i/]$8 ,:at are its con/itu5t pr9ciples8 ,is its exi/5ce optional or def9ite8 ,:5ce does x d]ive its miracul\s p[] ( conv]t+ a common egg into a royal "o8 ,w any ( ! a=esaid editors publicly answ] ^! que/ions8 & ought !y n to h be5 able to answ] !m1 be=e !y s unequivocally express$ _! belief 9 its exi/5ce1 its p[]s & adm9i/ration8 ,h[ pu]ile does all ?is s\nd to "o :o has se5 & ta/$ ! royal jelly6 ,& p]mit me to add1 h[ equally unmean+ d ! objections ( infidels seem1 to ^? :o h an exp]im5tal acqua9tance ) ! div9e hopes & consolations ( ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! au?or ( ?is "w regrets t 8 exp]i5ce does n enable him to speak ) su* absolute confid5ce z to ! "* ( all ! bee keep]s :om he has kn[n4 #b ,9 ?is way %e is sure to deposit ! egg 9 ! cell %e has select$4 #c ,if ev] !re liv$ a g5u9e naturali/1 ,swamm]dam 0 ! man4 ,9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,insects1 publi%$ 9 #agcg1 he has giv5 a mo/ beautiful draw+ ( ! ov>ies ( ! que5 bee4 ,! sac :i* he suppos$ secret$ a fluid = /ick+ ! eggs to ! base ( ! cells is ! sem9al res]voir or sp]ma!ca4 #d ,bevan4 #e ,?is "w be+ int5d$ *iefly = practical purposes1 ,i h ?\ght be/ to use1 z little z possible1 ! te*nical t]ms & m9ute anatomical descriptions ( ! sci5tific entomologi/4 #f ,bevan4 #g ,hav+ already spok5 ( ,swamm]dam1 ,i %all give a brief extract f ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,bo]haave's memoir ( ?is wond]ful naturali/1 :i* %\ld put to ! blu%1 if any ?+ c1 ! arrogance ( ^? sup]ficial obs]v]s :o are too wise 9 _! own conceit1 to avail !mselves ( ! k ( o!rs4 ,?is treatise on ,bees prov$ s fatigu+ a p]=mance1 t ,swamm]dam nev] aft]w>ds recov]$ ev5 ! appe>ance ( 8 =m] heal? & vigor4 ,he 0 almo/ cont9ually engag$ by day 9 mak+ obs]vations1 & z con/antly engag$ by night 9 record+ !m by draw+s & suitable explanations4 ,?is be+ summ] "w1 8 daily labor began at six 9 ! morn+1 :5 ! sun af=d$ him light en\gh to survey su* m9ute objects2 & f t h\r till twelve1 he cont9u$ )\t int]ruption1 all ! :ile expos$ 9 ! op5 air to ! scor*+ heat ( ! sun1 b>ehead$ = fe> ( int]cept+ 8 sight1 & 8 head 9 a mann] dissolv+ into sweat "u ! irresi/ible ardors ( t p[]ful lum9>y4 ,& if he desi/$ at noon1 x 0 only because ! /r5g? ( 8 eyes 0 too mu* weak5$1 by ! extraord9>y afflux ( light & ! use ( microscopes1 to cont9ue any long] ^u su* small objects1 ?\gh z disc]nible 9 ! aft]noon1 z !y _h be5 9 ! =5oon4 ,our au?or1 ! bett] to accompli% 8 va/1 unlimit$ views1 (t5 wi%$ = a ye> ( p]petual heat & light to p]fect 8 inquiries1 ) a pol> night to reap all ! advantages ( !m by prop] draw+s & descriptions4 #h ,! =mation ( sw>ms w be p>ticul>ly describ$ 9 ano!r *apt]4 #i ,suppose t we are unable to give a satisfactory answ] to any ( ^! que/ions1 does our ignorance on ^! po9ts disprove ! fact ( ! exi/5ce ( su* a jelly8 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,comb4 ,wax is a natural secretion ( ! bees2 x may be call$ _! oil or fat4 ,if !y are gorg$ ) honey1 or any liquid sweet1 & rema9 quietly clu/]$ toge!r1 x is =m$ 9 small wax p\*es on _! abdom51 & comes out 9 ! %ape ( v delicate scales4 ,soon aft] a sw>m is hiv$1 ! bottom bo>d w be cov]$ ) ^! scales4 ,?us1 filt]$ ?r\gh yon flutt]]'s fold$ mail1 ,cl+s ! cool$ wax1 & h>d5s to a scale4 ,swift1 at ! well kn[n call1 ! ready tra91 7,= n a buz boon ,nature brea!s 9 va917 ,spr+ to ea* fall+ flake1 & be> along ,_! glossy burd5s to ! build] ?rong4 ,^! ) %>p sickle or ) %>p] too?1 ,p>e ea* excresc5ce1 & ea* angle smoo?1 ,till n[1 9 f9i%'d pride1 two radiant r[s ,( sn[ :ite cells "o mutual base disclose4 ,six %9+ panels gird ea* poli%'d r\nd1 ,! door's f9e rim1 ) wax5 fillet b\nd1 ,:ile walls s ?91 ) si/] walls comb9$1 ,weak 9 !mselves1 a sure dep5d5ce f9d4 ,evans4 ,hub] 0 ! fir/ to demon/rate t wax is a natural secretion ( ! bee1 :5 f$ on honey or any sac*>9e sub/ance4 ,mo/ ,api>ians be=e 8 "t1 suppos$ t x 0 made f poll5 or bee-bread1 ei!r 9 a crude or dige/$ /ate4 ,he conf9$ a new sw>m ( bees 9 a hive plac$ 9 a d>k & cool room1 & on exam9+ !m1 at ! end ( five days1 f\nd sev]al beautiful :ite combs 9 _! t5em5t3 ^! 7 tak5 f !m1 & !y 7 aga9 conf9$ & suppli$ ) honey & wat]1 & a second "t new combs 7 con/ruct$4 ,five times 9 succession _! combs 7 remov$1 & 7 9 ea* in/ance replac$1 ! bees be+ all ! "t prev5t$ f rang+ ! fields1 to supply !mselves ) bee-bread4 ,by subsequ5t exp]im5ts he prov$ t sug> answ]$ ! same end ) honey4 ,he !n conf9$ a sw>m1 giv+ !m no honey1 b an abundance ( fruit & poll54 ,!y subsi/$ on ! fruit1 b refus$ to t\* ! poll52 & no combs 7 con/ruct$1 nor any wax scales =m$ 9 _! p\*es4 ,^! exp]im5ts are conclusive2 & are int]e/+1 n m]ely z prov+ t wax is secret$ f honey or sac*>9e sub/ances1 b because !y %[ 9 :at a ?or\gh mann] ! exp]im5ts ( ,hub] 7 conduct$4 ,confid5t ass]tions are easily made1 requir+ only a little brea? or a drop ( ink2 & ! m5 :o deal mo/ 9 !m1 h (t5 a pr(\nd contempt = obs]vation & exp]im5t4 ,to e/abli% ev5 a simple tru?1 on ! solid f\ndation ( demon/rat$ facts1 (t5 requires ! mo/ pati5t & protract$ toil4 ,a high temp]ature is necess>y = comb-build+1 9 ord] t ! wax may be s(t en\gh to be m\ld$ into %ape4 ,! v process ( its secretion helps to furni% ! am\nt ( heat :i* is requir$ to "w x4 ,?is is a v int]e/+ fact :i* seems nev] be=e to h be5 notic$4 ,honey or sug> is f\nd to conta9 by weight1 ab\t eight p\nds ( oxyg5 to "o ( c>bon & hydrog54 ,:5 *ang$ into wax1 ! proportions are entirely rev]s$3 ! wax conta9s only "o p\nd ( oxyg5 to m ?an sixte5 p\nds ( hydrog5 & c>bon4 ,n[ z oxyg5 is ! gr& support] ( animal heat1 ! consumption ( s l>ge a quantity ( x1 aids 9 produc+ ! extraord9>y heat :i* always accompanies comb-build+1 & :i* is necess>y to keep ! wax 9 ! s(t & pla/ic /ate requisite to enable ! bees to m\ld x into su* exquisitely delicate & beautiful %apes6 ,:o c fail to admire ! wisdom ( ! ,creator 9 ?is beautiful in/ance ( adaptation8 ,! mo/ c>eful exp]im5ts h cle>ly e/abli%$ ! fact1 t at lea/ tw5ty p\nds ( honey are consum$ 9 mak+ a s+le p\nd ( wax4 ,if any ?9k t ?is is incr$ible1 let !m be> 9 m9d t wax is an animal oil secret$ f honey1 & let !m consid] h[ _m p\nds ( corn or hay !y mu/ fe$ to _! /ock1 9 ord] to h !m ga9 a s+le p\nd ( fat4 ,_m ,api>ians are entirely ignorant ( ! great value ( empty comb4 ,suppose ! honey to be wor? only #ae cts4 p] lb41 & ! comb :5 r5d]$ into wax1 to be wor? #cj cts4 p] lb41 ! bee-ma/] :o melts a p\nd ( comb1 loses ne>ly ?ree doll>s by ! op]ation1 & ?is1 )\t e/imat+ ! "t :i* ! bees h consum$ 9 build+ ! comb4 ,un=tunately1 9 ! ord9>y hives1 b little use c be made ( empty comb1 unless x is new1 & c be put into ! surplus honey-boxes3 b by ! use ( my movable frames1 e piece ( good work]-comb may be us$ to ! be/ advantage1 z x c be giv5 to ! bees1 to aid !m 9 _! labors4 ,x has be5 f\nd v difficult to pres]ve comb f ! bee-mo?1 :5 x is tak5 f ! bees4 ,if x conta9s only a few ( ! eggs ( ?is de/roy]1 ^!1 9 due "t1 w produce a prog5y suffici5t to dev\r x4 ,! comb1 if x is atta*$ to my frames1 may be susp5d$ 9 a box or empty hive1 & ?or\ghly smok$ ) sulphur2 ?is w kill any worms :i* x may conta94 ,:5 ! wea!r is w>m en\gh to hat* ! eggs ( ! mo?1 ?is process mu/ be repeat$ a few times1 at int]vals ( ab\t a week1 s z to insure ! de/ruction ( ! worms z !y hat*1 = ! sulphur does n seem always to de/roy ! vitality ( ! eggs4 ,! combs may n[ be kept 9 a tight box or hive1 ) p]fect safety4 ,combs conta9+ bee-bread1 are ( great value1 & if giv5 to "y colonies1 :i* 9 spr+ are frequ5tly de/itute ( ?is article1 !y w mat]ially assi/ !m 9 e>ly bre$+4 ,honey may be tak5 f my hives 9 ! frames1 & ! cov]s ( ! cells slic$ (f ) a %>p knife2 ! honey c !n be dra9$ out1 & ! empty combs return$ to be fill$ aga94 ,a /rong /ock ( bees1 9 ! height ( ! honey h>ve/1 w fill empty combs ) wond]ful rapidity4 ,i lay x d[n1 z "o ( my fir/ pr9ciples 9 bee culture1 t no good comb %\ld ev] be melt$2 x %\ld all be c>efully pres]v$ & giv5 to ! bees4 ,if x is new1 x may be easily atta*$ to ! frames1 or ! honey-receptacles1 by dipp+ ! edge into melt$ wax1 press+ x g5tly until x /iff5s1 & !n all[+ x to cool4 ,if ! comb is old1 or ! pieces l>ge & full ( bee-bread1 x w be be/ to dip !m into melt$ ros91 :i*1 besides co/+ mu* less ?an wax1 w secure a mu* firm] adhesion4 ,:5 comb is put into tumbl]s or o!r small vessels1 ! bees w beg9 to "w ^u x ! soon]1 if x is simply cr[d$ 91 s z to be held 9 place by be+ support$ aga9/ ! sides4 ,x w\ld seem z ?\gh !y 7 disgu/$ ) su* unworkmanlike proce$+s1 & t !y _c re/ until !y h tak5 x into h&1 & endeavor$ to make a job ( x4 ,if ! bee-keep] 9 us+ 8 *oice/ honey w be satisfi$ to disp5se ) looks1 & w c>efully dra9 x f ! beautiful comb1 he may use all su* comb aga9 to great advantage2 n only sav+ its intr9sic value1 b greatly enc\rag+ 8 bees to occupy & fill all receptacles 9 :i* a portion ( x is put4 ,bees seem to fancy a good />t 9 life1 ab\t z well z _! m intellig5t own]s4 ,to ?is use all suitable drone comb %\ld be put1 z soon z x is remov$ f ! ma9 hive4 7,see rem>ks on ,drones47 ,+5i\s ef=ts h be5 made1 ( late ye>s1 to con/ruct artificial honey combs ( porcela91 to be us$ = fe$+ bees4 ,no "o1 to my k1 has ev] attempt$ to imitate ! delicate me*anism ( ! bee s closely1 z to con/ruct artificial combs = ! ord9>y uses ( ! hive2 al?\gh = a long "t ,i h ent]ta9$ ! idea z v desirable1 & yet z b>ely possible4 ,i am at pres5t engag$ 9 a c\rse ( exp]im5ts on ?is subject1 ! results ( :i*1 9 due "t1 ,i %all communicate to ! public4 ,:ile writ+ ?is treatise1 x has occurr$ to me t bees might be induc$ to use old wax = ! con/ruction ( _! combs4 ,v f9e p>+s may be %av$ (f ) glass1 & if giv5 to ! bees1 "u favorable circum/ances1 x seems to me v probable t !y w\ld use !m1 j z !y d ! scales :i* are =m$ 9 _! wax p\*es4 ,let /rong colonies be depriv$ ( "s ( _! combs1 aft] ! honey h>ve/ is ov]1 & suppli$ abundantly ) ^! p>+s ( wax4 ,:e!r nature abhors a vacuum1 or n1 bees c]ta9ly d1 :5 x occurs among ! combs ( _! ma9 hive4 ,!y w n use ! honey /or$ up = w9t] use to replace ! combs tak5 f !m2 !y c ga!r none f ! fl[]s2 & ,i h /rong hopes t necessity w ) bees z well z m51 prove ! "m ( inv5tion1 & lead !m to use ! wax1 z readily z !y d ! sub/itutes (f]$ !m = poll54 7,see ,*apt] on ,poll547 ,if ?is conjecture %\ld be v]ifi$ by actual results1 x w\ld ex]t a mo/ p[]ful influ5ce 9 ! *eap & rapid multiplication ( colonies1 & w\ld enable ! bees to /ore up mo/ prodigi\s quantities ( honey4 ,a p\nd ( bees wax might !n be made to /ore up tw5ty p\nds ( honey1 & ! ga9 to ! bee keep] w\ld be ! diff]5ce 9 price betwe5 ! p\nd ( wax1 & ! tw5ty p\nds ( honey1 :i* ! bees w\ld h consum$ 9 mak+ ! same am\nt ( comb4 ,/rong /ocks might ?us dur+ ! dull season1 :5 no honey c be procur$1 be mo/ pr(itably employ$ 9 build+ sp>e comb1 to be us$ 9 /r5g!n+ feeble /ocks1 & = a great v>iety ( purposes4 ,give me ! means ( *eaply obta9+ l>ge am\nts ( comb1 & ,i h almo/ f\nd ! philosoph]'s /one 9 bee keep+4 ,! build+ ( comb is c>ri$ on ) ! greate/ activity 9 ! night1 :ile ! honey is ga!r$ by day4 ,?us no "t is lo/4 ,if ! wea!r is too =bidd+ to all[ ! bees to g abroad1 ! combs are v rapidly con/ruct$1 z ! labor is c>ri$ on bo? by day & by night4 ,on ! return ( a fair day1 ! bees ga!r unusual quantities ( honey1 z !y h pl5ty ( room = its /orage4 ,?us x (t5 happ5s1 t by _! wise economy ( "t1 !y actually lose no?+1 ev5 if conf9$1 = sev]al days1 to _! hive4 ,h[ do? ! little busy bee1 improve ea* %9+ h\r6 ,! poet might ) equal tru? h describ$ h]1 z improv+ ! gloomy days1 & ! d>k nights1 9 h] useful labors4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact1 :i* ,i d n rememb] ev] to h se5 p>ticul>ly notic$ by any writ]1 t honey ga!r+1 & comb build+1 g on simultane\sly2 s t :5 "o /ops1 ! o!r ceases also4 ,i h repeat$ly obs]v$1 t z soon z ! honey h>ve/ fails1 ! bees int]mit _! labors 9 build+ new comb1 ev5 :5 l>ge portions ( _! hive are unfill$4 ,!y might enl>ge _! combs by us+ "s ( _! /ores2 b !n !y w\ld incur ! risk ( p]i%+ 9 ! w9t]1 by />vation4 ,:5 honey no long] ab\nds 9 ! fields1 x is wisely ord]$1 t !y %\ld n consume _! ho>d$ treasures1 9 expectation ( fur!r supplies1 :i* may nev] come4 ,i d n believe1 t any o!r safe rule c\ld h be5 giv5 !m2 & if honey ga!r+ 0 our bus9ess1 ) all our boa/$ reason1 we %\ld be oblig$ to adopt ! v same c\rse4 ,wax is "o ( ! be/ non-conductors ( heat1 s t :5 x is w>m$ by ! animal heat ( ! bees1 x c m easily be work$1 ?an if x p>t$ ) its heat too readily4 ,by ?is prop]ty1 ! combs s]ve also to keep ! bees w>m1 & !re is n s mu* risk ( ! honey c&y+ 9 ! cells1 or ! combs crack+ ) fro/4 ,if wax 0 a good conductor ( heat1 ! combs w\ld (t5 be icy cold1 moi/ure w\ld cond5se & freeze ^u !m1 & !y w\ld fail to answ] ! ends = :i* !y are int5d$4 ,! size ( ! cells1 9 :i* work]s are re>$1 nev] v>ies3 ! same may sub/antially be said ( ! drone cells :i* are v consid]ably l>g]2 ! cells 9 :i* honey is /or$1 (t5 v>y exce$+ly 9 dep?1 :ile 9 diamet]1 !y are ( all sizes f t ( ! work] cells to t ( ! drones4 ,! cells ( ! bees are f\nd p]fectly to answ] all ! mo/ ref9$ conditions ( a v intricate ma!matical problem6 ,let x be requir$ to f9d :at %ape a giv5 quantity ( matt] mu/ take1 9 ord] to h ! greate/ capacity1 & ! greate/ /r5g?1 requir+ at ! same "t1 ! lea/ space1 & ! lea/ labor 9 its con/ruction4 ,?is problem has be5 solv$ by ! mo/ ref9$ processes ( ! high] ma!matics1 & ! result is ! hexagonal or six-sid$ cell ( ! honey bee1 ) its ?ree f\r-sid$ figures at ! base6 ,! %ape ( ^! figures _c be alt]$1 ev] s little1 except = ! worse4 ,besides possess+ ! desirable qualities already describ$1 !y answ] z nurs]ies = ! re>+ ( ! "y1 & z small air-tight vessels 9 :i* ! honey is pres]v$ f s\r+ or c&y+4 ,e prud5t h\sewife :o puts up h] pres]ves 9 tumbl]s1 or small glass j>s1 & c>efully pa/es !m ov]1 to keep out ! air1 w und]/& ! value ( su* an arrangem5t4 ,!re are only ?ree possible figures ( ! cells1 says ,dr4 ,reid1 :i* c make !m all equal & simil>1 )\t any useless spaces betwe5 !m4 ,^! are ! equilat]al triangle1 ! squ>e & ! regul> hexagon4 ,x is well kn[n to ma!maticians t !re is n a f\r? way possible1 9 :i* a plane may be cut into little spaces t %all be equal1 simil> & regul>1 )\t leav+ any int]/ices4 ,an equilat]al triangle w\ld h made an uncom=table t5em5t = an insect ) a r\nd body2 & a squ>e w\ld n h be5 mu* bett]4 ,at fir/ sight a circle w\ld seem to be ! be/ %ape = ! developm5t ( ! l>v3 b su* a figure w\ld h caus$ a ne$less sacrifice ( space1 mat]ials & /r5g?2 :ile ! honey :i* n[ adh]es s admirably to ! _m angles or corn]s ( ! six-sid$ cell1 w\ld h be5 mu* m liable to run out6 ,i w v5ture to assign a new reason = ! hexagonal =m4 ,! body ( ! immature insect z x und]goes its *anges1 is *>g$ ) a sup]-abundance ( moi/ure :i* passes (f ?r\gh ! reticulat$ cov] :i* ! bees build ov] its cell3 a hexagon :ile x approa*es s ne>ly ! %ape ( a circle z n to incommode ! "y bee1 furni%es 9 its six corn]s ! necess>y vacancies = its m ?or\gh v5tilation6 ,s inv>iably uni=m 9 size1 z well z p]fect 9 o!r respects1 are ! cells 9 :i* ! work]s are br$1 t "s ma!maticians h propos$ _! adoption1 z ! be/ unit = measures ( capacity to s]ve = univ]sal use4 ,c we believe t ^! little insects unite s _m requisites 9 ! con/ruction ( _! cells1 ei!r by *ance1 or because !y are pr(\ndly v]s$ 9 ! mo/ intricate ma!matics8 ,are we n compell$ to ackn[l$ge t ! ma!matics mu/ be ref]r$ to ! ,creator1 & n to ,8 puny creature8 ,to an intellig5t1 c&id m9d1 a piece ( honey comb is a complete demon/ration t !re is a ,,great ,,fir/ ,,cause3 = on no o!r supposition c we acc\nt = s complicat$ a %ape1 & yet ! only "o :i* c possibly unite s _m desirable requisites4 ,on books deep por+1 ye pale sons ( toil1 ,:o wa/e 9 /udi\s trance ! midnight oil1 ,say1 c ye emulate ) all y\r rules1 ,drawn or f ,grecian or f ,go?ic s*ools1 ,?is artless frame8 ,in/9ct h] simple guide1 ,a heav5-taught ,insect baffles all y\r pride4 ,n all yon m>%all'd orbs1 t ride s high1 ,proclaim m l\d a pres5t ,deity1 ,?an ! nice symmetry ( ^! small cells1 ,:]e on ea* angle g5u9e sci5ce dwells4 ,evans4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,propolis1 ,,or ,,bee-,,glue4 ,?is sub/ance is obta9$ by ! bees f ! res9\s buds & limbs ( trees2 & :5 fir/ ga!r$1 x is usually ( a bright gold5 color1 & is exce$+ly /icky4 ,! diff]5t k9ds ( popl>s furni% a ri* supply4 ,! bees br+ x on _! ?ighs j z !y d bee bread2 & ,i h caught !m z !y 7 ent]+ ) a load1 & tak5 x f !m4 ,x adh]es s firmly t x is difficult to remove x4 ,hub] plant$ 9 ,spr+ "s bran*es ( ! wild popl>1 be=e ! leaves 7 develop$1 & plac$ !m 9 pots ne> 8 ,api>y2 ! bees alight+ on !m1 sep>at$ ! folds ( ! l>ge/ buds ) _! =ceps1 extract$ ! v>ni% 9 ?reads1 & load$ ) x1 fir/ "o ?igh & !n ! o!r2 = !y convey x l poll51 transf]r+ x by ! fir/ pair ( legs to ! second1 by :i* x is lodg$ 9 ! holl[ ( ! ?ird4 ,! smell ( ! propolis is (t5 precisely simil> to t ( ! res9 f ! popl>1 & *emical analysis proves ! id5tity ( ! two sub/ances4 ,x is frequ5tly ga!r$ f ! ald]1 horse-*e/nut1 bir*1 & will[2 & z "s ?9k1 f p9es & o!r trees ( ! fir k9d4 ,i h (t5 kn[n bees to ent] ! %ops :]e v>ni%+ 0 be+ c>ri$ on1 attract$ evid5tly by ! smell3 & ,bevan m5tions ! fact ( _! c>ry+ (f a composition ( wax & turp5t9e1 f trees to :i* x _h be5 appli$4 ,dr4 ,evans says t he has se5 !m collect ! balsamic v>ni% :i* coats ! "y blossom buds ( ! hollyhock1 & has kn[n !m to re/ at lea/ t5 m9utes on ! same bud1 m\ld+ ! balsam ) _! =e feet1 & transf]r+ x to ! h9d] legs1 z describ$ by ,hub]4 ,) m]ry hum ! ,will['s copse !y scale1 ,! ,fir's d>k pyramid1 or ,popl> pale1 ,scoop f ! ,aid]'s leaf its oozy flood1 ,or /rip ! ,*e/nut's res9-coat$ bud1 ,skim ! light te> t tips ,n>cissus' ray1 ,or r\nd ! ,hollyhock's ho> fragrance play4 ,soon temp]'d to _! w ?r\gh eve's l[ beam1 ,& l9k'd 9 airy b&s ! visc\s /ream1 ,!y waft _! nut-br[n loads exult+ home1 ,t =m a fret-"w = ! future comb2 ,caulk e *9k :]e ru%+ w9ds may ro>1 ,& seal _! circl+ ramp>ts to ! floor4 ,evans4 ,a mixture ( wax & propolis is us$ by ! bees to /r5g!n ! atta*m5ts ( ! combs to ! top & sides ( ! hive1 & s]ves mo/ admirably = ?is purpose1 z x is mu* m adhesive ?an wax alone4 ,if ! combs1 z soon z !y are built1 are n fill$ ) honey or brood1 !y are beautifully v>ni%$ ) a mo/ delicate coat+ ( ?is mat]ial1 :i* adds exce$+ly to _! /r5g?3 b z ?is natural v>ni% impairs _! delicate :it5ess1 !y ought n to be all[$ to rema9 9 ! surplus honey receptacles1 accessible to ! bees1 unless :5 !y are actively engag$ 9 /or+ !m ) honey4 ,! bees make a v lib]al use ( ?is sub/ance to fill up all ! crevices ab\t _! premises3 & z ! natural summ] heat ( ! hive keeps x s(t1 ! bee mo? selects x z a prop] place ( deposit = h] eggs4 ,= ?is reason1 ! hive %\ld be made ( s\nd lumb]1 entirely free f cracks1 & ?or\ghly pa9t$ on ! inside z well z outside4 ,:5 glass is us$1 !re is no risk t ! b$ mo? w f9d a place 9 :i* %e c ins]t h] ovi-positor & lay h] eggs4 ,! corn]s ( ! hive1 :i* ! bees always fill ) propolis1 %\ld h a melt$ mixture ( ?ree p>ts ros91 & "o "p bees-wax run into !m1 :i* rema9s h>d dur+ ! hotte/ wea!r1 & bids defiance to ! mo?4 ,! inside ( ! hive may be coat$ ) ! same mixture1 put on hot ) a bru%4 ,! bees f9d x difficult to ga!r ! propolis1 & equally s to remove f _! ?ighs1 & to "w s /icky a mat]ial4 ,= ?is reason1 x is d\bly important to save !m all unnecess>y labor 9 amass+ x4 ,to m51 "t is money2 to bees1 x is honey2 & all ! arrangem5ts ( ! hive %\ld be su* z to economize x to ! v utmo/4 ,propolis is sometimes put to a v curi\s use by ! bees4 ,a snail#aj hav+ crept into "o ( ,m4 ,reaumur's hives e>ly 9 ! morn+1 aft] crawl+ ab\t = "s "t1 adh]$ by means ( its own slime to "o ( ! glass panes4 ,! bees hav+ discov]$ ! snail1 surr\nd$ x & =m$ a bord] ( propolis r\nd ! v]ge ( its %ell1 & fa/5$ x s securely to ! glass t x became immovable4 ,=ev] clos$ ! imp5etrable door1 ,x naught avails t 9 8 torpid ve9s ,ye> aft] ye>1 life's loit]+ sp>k rema9s4#aa ,evans4 ,m>aldi1 ano!r em95t ,api>ian1 has relat$ a some:at simil> in/ance4 ,he /ates t a snail )\t a %ell1 or slug1 z x is call$1 _h ent]$ "o ( 8 hives2 & t ! bees1 z soon z !y obs]v$ x1 /ung x to dea?3 aft] :i* be+ unable to dislodge x1 !y cov]$ x all ov] ) an imp]vi\s coat ( propolis4 ,= soon 9 fe>less ire1 _! wond] lo/1 ,spr+ fi]cely f ! comb ! indignant ho/1 ,lay ! pi]c$ mon/] brea?less on ! gr\nd1 ,& clap 9 joy _! victor p9ions r\nd3 ,:ile all 9 va9 concurr5t numb]s /rive1 ,to heave ! slime-girt giant f ! hive-- ,sure n alone by =ce ,in/9ctive sway$1 ,b ble/ ) reason's s\l direct+ aid1 ,alike 9 man or bee1 !y ha/e to p\r1 ,?ick h>d'n+ z x falls1 ! flaky %[]2 ,embalm$ 9 %r\d ( glue ! mummy lies1 ,no worms invade1 no f\l miasmas rise4 ,evans4 ,9 ^! cases :o c )hold 8 admiration ( ! +5uity & judgm5t ( ! bees8 ,9 ! fir/ case a tr\blesome creature ga9$ admission to ! hive1 :i*1 f its unwield9ess1 !y c\ld n remove1 & :i*1 f ! imp5etrability ( its %ell1 !y c\ld n de/roy3 "h !n _! only res\rce 0 to deprive x ( locomotion1 & to obviate putrefaction2 bo? :i* objects !y accompli%$ mo/ skilfully & securely--& z is usual ) ^! sagaci\s creatures1 at ! lea/ possible exp5se ( labor & mat]ials4 ,!y appli$ _! cem5t :]e alone x 0 requir$1 r\nd ! v]ge ( ! %ell4 ,9 ! latt] case1 to obviate ! evil ( decay1 by ! total exclusion ( air1 !y 7 oblig$ to be m lavi% 9 ! use ( _! embalm+ mat]ial1 & to case ov] ! slime girt giant s z to gu>d !mselves f 8 noisome smell4 ,:at means m effectual c\ld human wisdom h devis$ "u simil> circum/ances8 ,if 9 ! insect1 ,season's twilight ray ,%$s on ! d>kl+ m9d a d\btful day1 ,pla9 is ! /eady light h] ,in/9cts yield1 ,to po9t ! road o'er life's unv>i$ field2 ,if few ^! in/9cts1 to ! de/9$ goal1 ,) sur] co>se1 _! /rait5'd curr5ts roll4 ,evans4 ,,footnotes3 #aj ,bevan4 #aa ,"s v extraord9>y in/ances are relat$ ( ! protraction ( life 9 snails4 ,aft] !y _h la9 9 a cab9et above fifte5 ye>s1 imm]s+ !m 9 wat] caus$ !m to revive & crawl out ( _! %ells4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,poll51 ,,or ,,bee-,,bread4 ,?is sub/ance is ga!r$ by ! bees f ! fl[]s1 or blossoms1 & is us$ = ! n\ri%m5t ( _! "y4 ,repeat$ exp]im5ts h prov$ t no brood c be rais$ 9 a hive1 unless ! bees are suppli$ ) x4 ,x conta9s none ( ! elem5ts ( wax1 b is ri* 9 :at *emi/s call nitrog5\s sub/ances1 :i* are n conta9$ 9 honey1 & :i* furni% ample n\ri%m5t = ! developm5t ( ! gr[+ bee4 ,dr4 ,hunt] dissect$ "s immature bees1 & f\nd _! /oma*s to conta9 f>9a1 b n a p>ticle ( honey4 ,we are indebt$ to ,hub] = ! discov]y ( ! use made by ! bees ( poll54 ,t x did n s]ve z food = ! mature bees1 0 evid5t f ! fact t l>ge supplies are (t5 f\nd 9 hives ^: inmates h />v$ to dea?4 ,x 0 ?is fact :i* l$ ! old obs]v]s to conclude t x 0 ga!r$ = ! purpose ( build+ comb4 ,aft] ,hub] _h demon/rat$ t wax is secret$ f an entirely diff]5t sub/ance1 he 0 soon l$ to conjecture t ! bee-bread mu/ be us$ = ! n\ri%m5t ( ! embryo bees4 ,by rigid exp]im5ts he prov$ ! tru? ( ?is supposition4 ,bees 7 conf9$ to _! hive )\t any poll51 aft] be+ suppli$ ) honey1 eggs & l>v4 ,9 a %ort "t ! "y all p]i%$4 ,a fre% supply ( brood 0 giv5 to !m1 ) an ample all[ance ( poll51 & ! developm5t ( ! l>v !n proce$$ 9 ! natural way4 ,:5 a colony is actively engag$ 9 c>ry+ 9 ?is article1 x may be tak5 = grant$ t !y h a f]tile que51 & are busy 9 bre$+4 ,on ! contr>y1 if any colony is n ga!r+ poll5 :5 o!rs are1 ! que5 is ei!r dead1 or diseas$1 & ! hive %\ld at once be exam9$4 ,9 ! backw>d spr+ ( #aheb1 ,i _h an excell5t opportunity ( te/+ ! value ( ?is sub/ance4 ,9 "o ( my hives1 0 an artificial sw>m ( ! previ\s ye>4 ,! hive 0 well protect$1 be+ d\ble1 & ! situation 0 w>m4 ,i op5$ x on ! #e? ( ,febru>y1 & al?\gh ! wea!r1 until )9 a week ( t "t1 _h be5 unusually cold1 ,i f\nd _m ( ! cells fill$ ) brood4 ,on ! #bc;d1 ! combs 7 aga9 exam9$1 & f\nd to conta91 nei!r eggs1 brood1 nor bee bread4 ,! bees 7 !n suppli$ ) bee bread tak5 f ano!r hive3 ! next day1 ?is 0 f\nd to h be5 us$ by !m1 & a l>ge numb] ( eggs _h be5 deposit$ 9 ! cells4 ,:5 ?is supply 0 exhau/$1 egg-lay+ ceas$1 & 0 aga9 r5ew$ :5 m 0 furni%$ !m4 ,dur+ all ! "t ( ^! exp]im5ts1 ! wea!r 0 unpromis+1 & z ! bees 7 unable to g out = wat]1 !y 7 suppli$ at home ) ?is important article4 ,dzi]zon is ( op9ion t ! bees are able to furni% food = ! "y1 )\t ! pres5ce ( poll5 9 ! hive2 al?\gh he admits t !y c d ?is only = a %ort "t1 & at a great exp5se ( vital en]gy2 j z ! /r5g? ( an animal nurs+ its "y is rapidly r$uc$1 :5 = want ( prop] food1 ! v sub/ance ( its own body z x 71 is conv]t$ into milk4 ,my exp]im5ts d n corroborate ?is !ory1 b t5d to confirm ! views ( ,hub]1 & to %[ ! absolute necessity ( poll5 to ! developm5t ( brood4 ,! same able contributor to ,api>ian sci5ce1 ?9ks t poll5 is us$ by ! bees :5 !y are engag$ 9 comb-build+2 & t unless !y are well suppli$ ) x1 !y _c rapidly secrete wax1 )\t v sev]ely tax+ _! /r5g?4 ,b z all ! elem5ts ( wax are f\nd 9 honey1 & none ( !m 9 poll51 ?is op9ion does n seem to me1 to be entitl$ to mu* weight4 ,t bees _c live ^u poll5 )\t any honey1 is prov$ by ! fact1 t l>ge /ores ( x are (t5 f\nd1 9 hives ^: occupants h di$ ( />vation2 t !y c live )\t x1 is equally well kn[n2 b t ! full gr[n bees make "s use ( x 9 connection ) honey1 = _! own n\ri%m5t1 ,i believe to be highly probable4 ,! bees pref] to ga!r fre% bee-bread1 ev5 :5 !re are l>ge accumulations ( old /ores 9 ! cells4 ,h5ce1 ! great importance ( be+ able to make ! surplus ( old colonies supply ! defici5cy ( "y ones4 7,see ,no4 #bh1 9 ! ,*apt] ,on ! advantages :i* ought to be f\nd 9 an ,improv$ ,hive47 ,if bo? honey & poll5 c be obta9$ f ! same fl[]1 !n a load ( ea* w be secur$ by ! indu/ri\s insect4 ,( ?is1 any "o may conv9ce himself1 :o w dissect a few poll5 ga!r]s at ! "t :5 honey is pl5ty3 he w g5]ally f9d _! honey-bags full4 ,! mode ( ga!r+ is v int]e/+4 ,! body ( ! bee appe>s1 to ! nak$ eye1 to be cov]$ ) f9e hairs2 to ^!1 :5 ! bee alights on a fl[]1 ! f>9a adh]es4 ,) h] legs1 %e bru%es x (f f h] body1 & packs x 9 two holl[s or baskets1 "o on ea* ( h] ?ighs3 ^! baskets are surr\nd$ by /\t] hairs :i* hold ! load 9 its place4 ,:5 ! bee returns ) poll51 %e (t5 makes a s+ul>1 danc+ or vibratory motion1 :i* attracts ! att5tion ( ! o!r bees1 :o at once nibble away f h] ?ighs :at !y want = imm$iate use2 ! re/ %e deposits 9 a cell = future ne$1 :]e x is c>efully pack$ d[n1 & (t5 seal$ ov] ) wax4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t a bee1 9 ga!r+ poll51 always conf9es h]self to ! same k9d ( fl[] on :i* %e beg9s1 ev5 :5 t is n s abundant z "s o!rs4 ,?us if y exam9e a ball ( ?is sub/ance tak5 f h] ?igh1 x is f\nd to be ( "o uni=m color ?r\gh\t3 ! load ( "o w be yell[1 ano!r r$1 & a ?ird br[n2 ! color v>y+ accord+ to t ( ! plant f :i* x 0 obta9$4 ,x is probable t ! poll5 ( diff]5t k9ds ( fl[]s w\ld n pack s well toge!r4 ,x is c]ta9 t if !y flew f "o species to ano!r1 !re w\ld be a mu* great] mixture ( diff]5t v>ieties ?an !re n[ is1 = !y c>ry on _! bodies ! poll5 or f]tiliz+ pr9ciple1 & ?us aid mo/ p[]fully 9 ! impregnation ( plants4 ,?is is "o reason :y x is s difficult to pres]ve pure1 ! diff]5t v>ieties ( ! same vegetables ^: fl[]s are s\ght by ! bee4 ,he mu/ be bl9d inde$1 :o w n see1 at e /ep 9 ! natural hi/ory ( ?is insect1 ! pla9e/ pro(s ( ! wisdom ( its ,creator4 ,i _c resi/ ! impression t ! honey bee 0 made = ! especial s]vice & in/ruction ( man4 ,at fir/ ! importance ( its products1 :5 honey 0 ! only natural sweet1 s]v$ mo/ p[]fully to attract 8 att5tion to its curi\s habits2 & n[ s9ce ! cultivation ( ! sug> cane has dim9i%$ ! relative value ( its lusci\s sweets1 ! sup]ior k :i* has be5 obta9$ ( its in/9cts1 is awak5+ an increas+ en?usiasm 9 its cultivation4 ,virgil 9 ! f\r? book ( 8 ,georgics1 :i* is entirely devot$ to bees1 speaks ( !m z hav+ receiv$ a direct emanation f ! ,div9e ,intellig5ce4 ,& _m mod]n ,api>ians are almo/ dispos$ to rank ! bee = sagacity1 z next 9 ! scale ( creation to man4 ,! importance ( poll5 to ! n\ri%m5t ( ! brood1 has long be5 kn[n1 & ( late1 successful attempts h be5 made to furni% a sub/itute4 ,! bees 9 ,dzi]zon's ,api>y 7 obs]v$ by him1 e>ly 9 ! spr+ be=e ! "t = procur+ poll51 to br+ rye meal to _! hives f a neighbor+ mill4 ,x is n[ a common practice on ! cont95t ( ,europe1 :]e bee keep+ is ext5sively c>ri$ on1 to supply ! bees1 9 e>ly spr+1 ) ?is article4 ,%all[ tr\ghs are set 9 front ( ! ,api>ies1 :i* are fill$1 ab\t two in*es deep1 ) f9ely gr\nd1 dry1 unbolt$ rye meal4 ,?\s&s ( bees resort eag]ly to !m :5 ! wea!r is favorable1 roll !mselves 9 ! meal1 & return heavily lad5 to _! hives4 ,9 f9e1 mild wea!r1 !y labor at ?is "w ) a/oni%+ indu/ry2 & seem decid$ly to pref] ! meal to ! old poll5 /or$ 9 _! combs4 ,by ?is means1 ! bees are induc$ to comm5ce bre$+ e>ly1 & rapidly recruit _! numb]s4 ,! fe$+ is cont9u$ till ! bees cease to c>ry away ! meal2 t is1 until ! natural supplies furni% !m ) a pref]able article4 ,! av]age consumption ( ea* colony is ab\t two p\nds ( meal6 ,at ! la/ annual ,api>ian ,conv5tion 9 ,g]many1 a cultivator recomm5d$ :eat fl\r z an excell5t sub/itute = poll54 ,he says t 9 ,febru>y1 #aheb1 he us$ x ) ! be/ results4 ,! bees =sook ! honey :i* _h be5 set out = !m1 & engag$ actively 9 c>ry+ 9 l>ge quantities ( ! :eat fl\r1 :i* 0 plac$ ab\t tw5ty paces 9 front ( ! hives4 ,! con/ruction ( my hives1 p]mits ! fl\r to be plac$1 at once1 :]e ! bees c take x1 )\t be+ compell$ to wa/e _! "t 9 go+ out = x1 or to suff] = ! want ( x1 :5 ! wea!r conf9es !m at home4 ,! discov]y ( ?is sub/itute1 removes a s]i\s ob/acle to ! successful culture ( bees4 ,9 _m di/ricts1 !re is a great abundance ( honey = a few weeks 9 ! season2 & almo/ any numb] ( colonies1 :i* are /rong :5 ! honey h>ve/ comm5ces1 w1 9 a good season1 lay up suffici5t /ores = !mselves1 & a l>ge surplus = _! own]s4 ,9 _m ( ^! di/ricts1 h[ev]1 ! supply ( poll5 is (t5 s insuffici5t1 t ! new colonies ( ! previ\s ye> are f\nd de/itute ( ?is article 9 ! spr+2 & unless ! season is e>ly1 & ! wea!r unusually favorable1 ! production ( brood is mo/ s]i\sly int]f]$ )2 ?us ! colony becomes /rong too late to avail itself to ! be/ advantage ( ! sup]abundant h>ve/ ( honey4 7,see rem>ks on ! importance ( hav+ /rong /ocks e>ly 9 ! ,spr+47 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,on ,,! ,,advantages ,,:i* ,,ought ,,to ,,be ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,an ,,improv$ ,,hive4 ,9 ?is *apt]1 ,i %all enum]ate c]ta9 v desirable1 if n necess>y1 qualities ( a good hive4 ,i h nei!r ! ta/e nor ! "t = ! invidi\s "w ( disp>ag+ o!r hives4 ,i pref] invit+ ! att5tion ( bee-keep]s to ! importance ( ^! requisites2 "s ( :i*1 z ,i believe1 are conta9$ 9 no hive b my own4 ,let !m be mo/ c>efully exam9$1 & if !y comm5d !mselves to ! enlight5$ judgm5t & good common s5se ( cultivators1 let !m be employ$ to te/ ! comp>ative m]its ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( hives 9 common use4 #a4 ,a good hive %\ld give ! ,api>ian a p]fect control ov] all ! combs3 s t any ( !m may be tak5 out at pleasure2 & ?is1 )\t cutt+ !m1 or enrag+ ! bees4 ,?is advantage is possess$ by no hive 9 use1 except my own2 & x =ms ! v f\ndation ( an improv$ & pr(itable sy/em ( bee-culture4 ,unless ! combs are at ! entire comm& ( ! ,api>ian1 he c h no effectual control ov] 8 bees4 ,!y sw>m too mu* or too little1 j z suits !mselves1 & _! own] is almo/ entirely dep5d5t ^u _! caprice4 #b4 ,x ought to af=d suitable protection aga9/ extremes ( heat & cold1 sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature1 & ! injuri\s effects ( dampness4 ,9 w9t]1 ! int]ior ( ! hive %\ld be dry1 & n a p>ticle ( fro/ %\ld ev] f9d admission2 & 9 summ]1 ! bees %\ld n be =c$ to "w to disadvantage 9 a p5t & almo/ suffocat+ heat4 7,see ^! po9ts discuss$ 9 ! ,*apt] on ,protection47 #c4 ,x %\ld p]mit all necess>y op]ations to be p]=m$ )\t hurt+ or kill+ a s+le bee4 ,mo/ hives are s con/ruct$ t x is impossible to manage !m1 )\t at times injur+ or de/roy+ "s ( ! bees4 ,! m]e de/ruction ( a few bees1 w\ld n1 except on ! score ( humanity1 be ( mu* consequ5ce1 if x did n v mat]ially increase ! difficulty ( manag+ !m4 ,bees rememb] injuries done to any ( _! numb]1 = "s "t1 & g5]ally f9d an opportunity to av5ge !m4 #d4 ,x %\ld all[ e ?+ to be done t is necess>y 9 ! mo/ ext5sive managem5t ( bees1 )\t incurr+ any s]i\s risk ( excit+ _! ang]4 7,see ,*apt] on ! ,ang] ( ,bees47 #e4 ,n a s+le unnecess>y /ep or motion ought to be requir$ ( a s+le bee4 ,! honey h>ve/1 9 mo/ locations1 is ( %ort cont9uance2 & all ! arrangem5ts ( ! hive %\ld facilitate1 to ! utmo/1 ! "w ( ! busy ga!r]s4 ,tall hives1 !re=e1 & all su* z compel !m to travel ) _! heavy burd5s ?r\gh d5sely cr[d$ combs1 are v objectionable4 ,! bees 9 my hive1 in/ead ( =c+ _! way ?r\gh ?ick clu/]s1 c easily pass into ! surplus honey boxes1 n only f any comb 9 ! hive1 b )\t travel+ ov] ! combs at all4 #f4 ,x %\ld af=d suitable facilities = inspect+1 at all times1 ! condition ( ! bees4 ,:5 ! sides ( my hive are ( glass1 z soon z ! out] cov] is elevat$1 ! ,api>ian has a view ( ! int]ior1 & c (t5 at a glance1 det]m9e its condition4 ,if ! hive is ( wood1 or if he wi%es to make a m ?or\gh exam9ation1 9 a few m9utes e comb may be tak5 out1 & sep>ately inspect$4 ,9 ?is way1 ! exact condition ( e colony may always be easily asc]ta9$1 & no?+ left1 z 9 ! common hives1 to m]e conjecture4 ,?is is an advantage1 ! importance ( :i* x w\ld be difficult to ov] e/imate4 7,see ,*apt]s on ! loss ( ! que51 & on ! ,bee ,mo?47 #g4 ,:ile ! hive is ( a size adapt$ to ! natural in/9cts ( ! bee1 x %\ld be capable ( be+ readily adju/$ to ! wants ( small colonies4 ,if a small sw>m is put into a l>ge hive1 !y w be unable to conc5trate _! animal heat1 s z to "w to ! be/ advantage1 & w (t5 become disc\rag$1 & ab&on _! hive4 ,if !y are put into a small hive1 its limit$ dim5sions w n af=d !m suitable accommodations = increase4 ,by means ( my movable p>tition1 my hive c1 9 a few mom5ts1 be adapt$ to ! wants ( any colony h[ev] small1 & c1 ) equal facility1 be enl>g$ f "t to "t1 or at once re/or$ to its full dim5sions4 #h4 ,x %\ld all[ ! combs to be remov$ )\t any j>r+4 ,bees manife/ ! utmo/ av]sion to any sudd5 j>2 = x is 9 ?is way1 t _! combs are loos5$ & deta*$4 ,h[ev] firmly fa/5$ ! frames may be 9 my hive1 !y c all be loos5$ 9 a few mom5ts1 )\t injur+ or excit+ ! bees4 #i4 ,x %\ld all[ e good piece ( comb to be giv5 to ! bees1 in/ead ( be+ melt$ into wax4 7,see ,*apt] on ,comb47 #aj4 ,! con/ruction ( ! hive %\ld induce ! bees to build _! combs ) great regul>ity4 ,a hive :i* conta9s a l>ge proportion ( irregul> comb1 c nev] be expect$ to prosp]4 ,su* comb is only suitable = /or+ honey1 or rais+ drones4 ,?is is "o reason :y s _m colonies nev] fl\ri%4 ,a glance w (t5 %[ t a hive conta9s s mu* drone comb1 z to be unfit = ! purposes ( a /ock hive4 #aa4 ,x %\ld furni% ! means ( procur+ comb to be us$ z a guide to ! bees1 9 build+ regul> combs 9 empty hives2 & to induce !m m readily to take possession ( ! surplus honey receptacles4 ,x is well kn[n t ! pres5ce ( comb w induce bees to beg9 "w mu* m readily ?an !y o!rwise ,w\ld3 ?is is especially ! case 9 glass vessels4 #ab4 ,x %\ld all[ ! removal ( drone combs f ! hive1 to prev5t ! bre$+ ( too _m drones4 7,see rem>ks on ,drones47 #ac4 ,x %\ld enable ! ,api>ian1 :5 ! combs become too old1 to remove !m1 & supply _! place ) new ones4 ,no hive c1 9 ?is respect1 equal "o 9 :i*1 9 a few mom5ts1 any comb c be remov$1 & ! "p :i* is too old1 be cut (f4 ,! upp] "p ( a comb1 :i* is g5]ally us$ = /or+ honey1 w la/ )\t r5ewal = _m ye>s4 #ad4 ,x ought to furni% ! greate/ possible security aga9/ ! ravages ( ! ,bee-,mo?4 ,nei!r be=e nor aft] x is occupi$1 ought !re to be any cracks or crevices 9 ! int]ior4 ,all su* places w be fill$ by ! bees ) propolis or bee-glue2 a sub/ance1 :i* is always s(t 9 ! summ] heat ( ! hive1 & :i* =ms a mo/ cong5ial place ( deposit = ! eggs ( ! mo?4 ,if ! sides ( ! hive are ( glass1 & ! corn]s are run ) a melt$ mixture1 ?ree p>ts ros91 & "o "p bees-wax1 ! bees w wa/e b little "t 9 ga!r+ propolis1 & ! bee-mo? w f9d b little *ance = lay+ h] eggs1 ev5 if %e %\ld succe$ 9 ent]+ ! hive4 ,my hives are s con/ruct$1 t if made ( wood1 !y may be ?or\ghly pa9t$ inside & outside1 )\t be+ s smoo? z to annoy ! bees2 = !y travel ov] ! frames to :i* ! combs are atta*$2 & ?us :e!r ! inside surface is glass or wood1 x is n liable to crack1 or w>p1 or absorb moi/ure1 aft] ! hive is occupi$ by ! bees4 ,if ! hives are pa9t$ inside1 x %\ld be done sometime be=e !y are us$4 ,if ! int]ior ( ! wood5 hive is bru%$ ) a v hot mixture ( ! ros9 & bees-wax1 ! hives may be us$ imm$iately4 #ae4 ,x %\ld furni% "s place accessible to ! ,api>ian1 :]e ! bee-mo? c be tempt$ to deposit h] eggs1 & ! worms1 :5 full gr[n1 to w9d !mselves 9 _! cocoons4 7,see rem>ks on ! ,bee-,mo?47 #af4 ,x %\ld enable ! ,api>ian1 if ! bee-mo? ev] ga9s ! upp] h& ( ! bees1 to remove ! combs1 & expel ! worms4 7,see ,bee-,mo?47 #ag4 ,! bottom bo>d %\ld be p]man5tly atta*$ to ! hive2 = if ?is is n done1 x w be inconv5i5t to move ! hive :5 bees are 9 x1 & next to impossible to prev5t ! depr$ations ( mo?s & worms4 ,soon] or lat]1 !re w be crevices betwe5 ! bottom bo>d & ! sides ( ! hive1 ?r\gh :i* ! mo?s w ga9 admission1 & "u :i* ! worms1 :5 fully gr[n1 w retreat to sp9 _! webs1 & to be *ang$ into mo?s1 to ent] 9 _! turn1 & lay _! eggs4 ,movable bottom ho>ds are a great nuisance 9 ! ,api>y1 & ! con/ruction ( my hive1 :i* enables me entirely to disp5se ) !m1 w furni% a v great protection aga9/ ! bee-mo?4 ,!re is no place :]e !y c get 91 except at ! entrance = ! bees1 & ?is may be contract$ or enl>g$1 to suit ! /r5g? ( ! colony2 & f its peculi> %ape1 ! bees are enabl$ to def5d x aga9/ intrud]s1 ) ! greate/ advantage4 #ah4 ,! bottom-bo>d %\ld slant t[>ds ! entrance1 to assi/ ! bees 9 c>ry+ out ! dead1 & o!r useless sub/ances2 to aid !m 9 def5d+ !mselves aga9/ robb]s2 to c>ry (f all moi/ure2 & to prev5t ! ra9 & sn[ f beat+ into ! hive4 ,z a f>!r precaution aga9/ ?is la/ evil1 ! entrance ought to be "u a cov]$ way1 :i* %\ld n1 at once lead into ! int]ior4 #ai4 ,! bottom-bo>d %\ld be s con/ruct$ t x may be readily cle>$ ( dead bees 9 cold wea!r1 :5 ! bees are unable to att5d to ?is bus9ess !mselves4 ,if suff]$ to rema91 !y (t5 become m\ldy1 & injure ! heal? ( ! colony4 ,if ! bees drag !m out1 z !y w d1 if ! wea!r mod]ates1 !y (t5 fall ) !m on ! sn[1 & are s *ill$ t !y nev] rise aga92 = a bee g5]ally reta9s its hold 9 fly+ away ) ! dead1 until bo? fall to ! gr\nd4 #bj4 ,no "p ( ! int]ior ( ! hive %\ld be bel[ ! level ( ! place ( exit4 ,if ?is pr9ciple is violat$1 ! bees mu/1 at great disadvantage1 drag _! dead1 & all ! refuse ( ! hive1 up hill4 ,su* hives w (t5 h _! bottom bo>ds cov]$ ) small pieces ( comb1 bee-bread1 & o!r impurities1 9 :i* ! mo? delights to lay h] eggs2 & :i* furni%$ h] prog5y ) a mo/ cong5ial n\ri%m5t1 until !y are able to get access to ! combs4 #ba4 ,x %\ld af=d facilities = fe$+ ! bees bo? 9 w>m & cold wea!r4 ,9 ?is respect1 my hive has v unusual advantages4 ,sixty colonies 9 w>m wea!r may1 9 an h\r1 be f$ a qu>t ea*1 & yet no fe$] be us$1 & no risk incurr$ f robb+ bees4 7,see ,*apt] on ,fe$+47 #bb4 ,x %\ld all[ ( ! easy hiv+ ( a sw>m1 )\t injur+ any ( ! bees1 or risk+ ! de/ruction ( ! que54 7,see ,*apt] on ,natural ,sw>m+1 & ,hiv+47 #bc4 ,x %\ld admit ( ! safe transportation ( ! bees to any di/ance :atev]4 ,! p]man5t bottom-bo>d1 ! firm atta*m5t ( ! combs1 ea* to a sep>ate frame1 & ! facility ) :i*1 9 my hive1 any am\nt ( air c be giv5 to ! bees :5 %ut up1 mo/ admirably adapt x to ?is purpose4 #bd4 ,x %\ld furni% ! bees ) air :5 ! entrance is %ut2 & ! v5tilation = ?is purpose ought to be unob/ruct$1 ev5 if ! hives %\ld be buri$ 9 two or ?ree feet ( sn[4 7,see ,*apt] on ,protection47 #be4 ,a good hive %\ld furni% facilities = enl>g+1 contract+1 & clos+ ! entrance2 s z to protect ! bees aga9/ robb]s1 & ! bee-mo?2 & :5 ! entrance is alt]$1 ! bees ought n to lose valuable "t 9 se>*+ = x1 z !y mu/ d 9 mo/ hives4 7,see ,*apt]s on ,v5tilation1 & on ,robb+47 #bf4 ,x %\ld give ! bees ! means ( v5tilat+ _! hives1 )\t enl>g+ ! entrance too mu*1 s z to expose !m to mo?s & robb]s1 & to ! risk ( los+ _! brood by a *ill 9 sudd5 *anges ( wea!r4 7,see ,*apt] on ,v5tilation47 ,to secure ?is end1 ! v5tilators mu/ n only be indep5d5t ( ! entrance1 b !y mu/ owe _! effici5cy ma9ly to ! co-op]ation ( ! bees !mselves1 :o ?us h a free admission ( air only :5 !y want x4 ,to dep5d on ! op5+ & %utt+ ( ! v5tilators by ! bee-keep]1 is entirely out ( ! "q4 #bg4 ,x %\ld furni% facilities = admitt+ at once1 a l>ge body ( air2 s t 9 w9t]1 or e>ly spr+1 :5 ! wea!r is at any "t unusually mild1 ! bees may be tempt$ to fly out & dis*>ge _! fces4 7,see ,*apt] on ,protection47 ,if su* a free admission ( air _c be giv5 to hives :i* are ?or\ghly protect$ aga9/ ! cold1 ! bees may lose a favorable opportunity ( empty+ !mselves2 & ?us be m expos$ ?an !y o!rwise w\ld1 to suff] f diseases result+ f too long conf9em5t4 ,a v free admission ( air is also desirable :5 ! wea!r is exce$+ly hot4 #bh4 ,x %\ld enable ! ,api>ian to remove ! excess ( bee-bread f old /ocks4 ,?is article always accumulates 9 old hives1 s t 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 _m ( ! combs are fill$ ) x1 ?us unfitt+ !m = ! re>+ ( brood1 & ! reception ( honey4 ,"y /ocks1 on ! o!r h&1 w (t5 be s defici5t 9 ?is important article1 t 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! season1 bre$+ w be s]i\sly int]f]$ )4 ,by means ( my movable frames1 ! excess ( old colonies may be made to supply ! defici5cy ( "y ones1 to ! mutual b5efit ( bo?4 7,see ,*apt] on ,poll547 #bi4 ,x %\ld enable ! ,api>ian1 :5 he has remov$ ! combs f a common hive1 to place !m ) ! bees1 brood1 honey & bee-bread1 9 ! improv$ hive1 s t ! bees may be able to atta* !m 9 _! natural positions4 7,see directions = transf]r+ bees f an old hive47 #cj4 ,x %\ld all[ ( ! easy & safe dislodgem5t ( ! bees f ! hive4 ,?is requisite is especially important to secure ! union ( colonies1 :5 x becomes necess>y to break up "s ( ! /ocks4 7,see rem>ks on ! ,union ( ,/ocks47 #ca4 ,x %\ld all[ ! heat & odor ( ! ma9 hive1 z well z ! bees !mselves1 to pass 9 ! free/ mann]1 to ! surplus honey receptacles4 ,9 ?is respect1 all ! hives ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 are m or less defici5t3 ! bees are =c$ to "w 9 receptacles difficult ( access1 & 9 :i*1 especially 9 cool nights1 !y f9d x impossible to keep up ! animal heat necess>y = comb-build+4 ,bees _c1 9 su* hives1 "w to advantage 9 glass tumbl]s1 or o!r small vessels4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important arrangem5ts ( my hive1 is t by :i* ! heat asc5ds into all ! receptacles = /or+ honey1 z naturally & almo/ z easily z ! w>me/ air asc5ds to ! top ( a heat$ room4 #cb4 ,x %\ld p]mit ! surplus honey to be tak5 away1 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t1 beautiful & salable =ms1 at any "t1 & )\t any risk ( annoyance f ! bees4 ,9 my hives1 x may be tak5 9 tumbl]s1 glass boxes1 wood5 boxes small or l>ge1 e>!n j>s1 fl[]-pots2 9 %ort1 9 any k9d ( receptacle :i* may suit ! fancy1 or ! conv5i5ce ( ! bee-keep]4 ,or all ^! may be disp5s$ )1 & ! honey may be tak5 f ! int]ior ( ! ma9 hive1 by remov+ ! frames ) load$ combs1 & supply+ _! place ) empty ones4 #cc4 ,x %\ld admit ( ! easy removal ( all ! good honey f ! ma9 hive1 t its place may be suppli$ ) an inf]ior article4 ,bee-,keep]s :o h b few colonies1 & :o wi% to secure ! l>ge/ yield1 may remove ! load$ combs f my hive1 slice (f ! cov]s ( ! cells1 dra9 out ! honey1 & re/ore ! empty combs1 into :i*1 if ! season ( ga!r+ is ov]1 !y c fir/ p\r ! *eap =eign honey = ! use ( ! bees4 #cd4 ,x %\ld all[1 :5 quantity n quality is ! object1 ! l>ge/ am\nt ( honey to be ga!r$2 s t ! surplus ( /rong colonies may1 9 ! ,fall1 be giv5 to ^? :i* h n a suffici5t supply4 ,by surm\nt+ my hive ) a box ( ! same dim5sions1 ! combs may all be transf]r$ to ?is box1 & ! bees1 :5 !y comm5ce build+1 w desc5d & fill ! l[] frames1 gradually us+ ! upp] box1 z ! brood is hat*$ out1 = /or+ honey4 ,9 ?is way1 ! l>ge/ possible yield ( honey may be secur$1 z ! bees always pref] to cont9ue _! "w bel[1 r ?an above ! ma9 hive1 & w nev] sw>m1 :5 all[$ 9 season1 ample room 9 ?is direction4 ,! combs 9 ! upp] box1 conta9+ a l>ge am\nt ( bee-bread & be+ ( a size adapt$ to ! bre$+ ( work]s1 w be all ! bett] = aid+ weak colonies4 #ce4 ,x %\ld compel1 :5 desir$1 ! =ce ( ! colony to be ma9ly direct$ to rais+ "y bees2 s t brood may be on h& to =m new colonies1 & /r5g!n feeble /ocks4 7,see ,*apt] on ,artificial ,sw>m+47 #cf4 ,x ought1 :ile well protect$ f ! wea!r1 to be s con/ruct$1 t 9 w>m1 sunny days 9 e>ly spr+1 ! influ5ce ( ! sun may be all[$ to p5etrate & w>m up ! hive1 s z to enc\rage e>ly bre$+4 7,see ,*apt] on ,protection47 #cg4 ,! hive %\ld be equally well adapt$ to be us$ z a sw>m]1 or non-sw>m]4 ,9 my hives bees may be all[$1 if _! own] *ooses1 to sw>m j z !y d 9 common hives1 & be manag$ 9 ! usual way4 ,ev5 on ?is plan1 ! great protection aga9/ ! wea!r :i* x af=ds1 & ! comm& ov] all ! combs1 w be f\nd to af=d great advantages4 7,see ,natural ,sw>m+47 ,non-sw>m+ hives manag$ 9 ! ord9>y way are liable1 9 spite ( all precautions1 to sw>m v unexpect$ly1 & if n closely wat*$1 ! sw>m is lo/1 & ) x ! pr(it ( t season4 ,by hav+ ! comm& ( ! combs1 ! que5 9 my hives c always be caught & depriv$ ( h] w+s2 ?us %e _c g (f ) a sw>m1 & !y w n leave )\t h]4 #ch4 ,x %\ld enable ! ,api>ian1 if he all[s 8 bees to sw>m1 & wi%es to secure surplus honey1 to prev5t !m f ?r[+ m ?an "o sw>m 9 a season4 ,second & ?ird sw>ms mu/ be return$ to ! old /ock1 if ! l>ge/ quantities ( surplus honey are to be realiz$4 ,x is tr\blesome to wat* !m1 deprive !m ( _! que5s1 & re/ore !m to ! p>5t hive4 ,!y (t5 issue ) new que5s aga9 & aga92 & wa/e1 9 ?is way1 bo? _! own "t1 & t ( _! keep]4 ,an ounce ( prev5tion is wor? a p\nd ( cure4 ,9 my hives1 z soon z ! fir/ sw>m has issu$1 & be5 hiv$1 all ! que5 cells except "o1 9 ! hive f :i* x came1 may be cut out1 & ?us all aft]-sw>m+ w v easily & effectually be prev5t$4 7,see ,*apt] on ,artificial ,sw>m+1 = ! use to :i* ^! sup]num]>y que5s may be put47 ,:5 ! old /ock is left ) b "o que51 %e runs no risk ( be+ kill$ or crippl$ 9 a conte/ ) rivals4 ,by su* conte/s1 a colony is (t5 left )\t a que51 or 9 possession ( "o :i* is too mu* maim$ to be ( any s]vice4 7,see ,*apt] on ! ,loss ( ! ,que547 #ci4 ,a good hive %\ld enable ! ,api>ian1 if he relies on natural sw>m+1 & wi%es to multiply 8 colonies z fa/ z possible1 to make vigor\s /ocks ( all 8 small aft]-sw>ms4 ,su* sw>ms conta9 a "y que51 & if !y c be judici\sly /r5g!n$1 usually make ! be/ /ock hives4 ,if hiv$ 9 a common hive1 & left to !mselves1 unless v e>ly1 or 9 v favorable seasons1 !y seldom ?rive4 ,!y g5]ally des]t _! hives1 or p]i% 9 ! w9t]4 ,if !y are small1 !y _c be made p[]ful1 ev5 by ! mo/ g5]\s fe$+4 ,!re are too few bees to build comb1 & take c>e ( ! eggs :i* a heal?y que5 c lay2 & :5 f$1 !y are apt to fill ) honey1 ! cells 9 :i* "y bees ought to be rais$2 ?us mak+ ! k9dness ( _! own] s]ve only to ha/5 _! de/ruction4 ,my hives enable me to supply all su* sw>ms at once ) combs conta9+ bee-bread1 honey & brood almo/ mature4 ,!y are ?us made /rong1 & fl\ri% z well1 nay1 (t5 bett] ?an ! fir/ sw>ms :i* h an old que51 ^: f]tility is g5]ally n s great z t ( a "y "o4 #dj4 ,x %\ld enable ! ,api>ian to multiply 8 colonies ) a c]ta9ty & rapidity :i* are entirely out ( ! "q1 if he dep5ds ^u natural sw>m+4 7,see ,*apt] on ,artificial ,sw>m+47 #da4 ,x %\ld enable ! ,api>ian to supply de/itute colonies ) ! means ( obta9+ a new que54 ,e ,api>ian w\ld f9d x1 = ?is reason1 if = no o!r1 to 8 advantage to possess1 at lea/1 "o su* hive4 7,see ,*apt]s on ,physiology1 & loss ( ,que547 #db4 ,x %\ld enable him to cat* ! que51 = any purpose2 especially to remove an old "o ^: f]tility is impair$ by age1 t h] place may be suppli$ ) a "y "o4 7,see ,*apt] on ,artificial ,sw>m+47 #dc4 ,:ile a good hive is adapt$ to ! wants ( ^? :o desire to ent] ^u bee-keep+ on a l>ge scale1 or at lea/ to manage _! colonies on ! mo/ improv$ plans1 x ought to be suit$ to ! wants ( ^? :o are too timid1 too ignorant1 or = any reason indispos$1 to manage !m 9 any o!r ?an ! common way4 #dd4 ,x %\ld enable a s+le individual to sup]9t5d ! colonies ( _m diff]5t p]sons4 ,_m w\ld l to keep bees1 if !y c\ld h !m tak5 c>e (1 by ^? :o w\ld und]take _! managem5t1 j z a g>d5] does ! g>d5s & gr\nds ( 8 employ]s4 ,no p]son c agree to d ?is ) ! common hives4 ,if ! bees are all[$ to sw>m1 he may be call$ 9 a doz5 diff]5t directions1 & if any accid5t1 su* z ! loss ( a que51 happ5s to ! colonies ( 8 cu/om]s1 he c apply no rem$y4 ,if ! bees are 9 non-sw>m+ hives1 he _c multiply ! /ocks :5 ?is is desir$4 ,on my plan1 g5tlem5 :o desire x1 may h ! pleasure ( witness+ ! indu/ry & sagacity ( ?is wond]ful insect1 & ( gratify+ _! palates ) its delici\s /ores1 h>ve/$ on _! own premises1 )\t incurr+ ei!r tr\ble or risk ( injury4 #de4 ,all ! jo9ts ( ! hive %\ld be wat]-tight1 & !re %\ld be no doors or slides :i* are liable to %r9k1 swell1 or get out ( ord]4 ,! importance ( ?is w be suffici5tly obvi\s to any "o :o has _h ! ord9>y %>e ( vexati\s exp]i5ce 9 ! use ( su* fixtures4 #df4 ,x %\ld enable ! bee-keep] entirely to disp5se ) %$s1 & co/ly ,api>ies2 z ea* hive :5 prop]ly plac$1 %\ld alike defy1 heat or cold1 ra9 or sn[4 7,see ,*apt] on ,protection47 #dg4 ,x %\ld all[ ! cont5ts ( a hive1 bees1 combs & all1 to be tak5 out2 s t any necess>y repairs may be made4 ,?is may be done1 ) my hives1 9 a few m9utes4 ,a /it* 9 "t saves n9e4 ,hives :i* c be ?or\ghly ov]haul$ & repair$1 f "t to "t1 if prop]ly att5d$ to1 w la/ = g5]ations4 #dh4 ,! hive & fixtures %\ld pres5t a neat & attractive appe>ance1 & %\ld admit1 :5 desir$1 ( be+ made highly ornam5tal4 #di4 ,! hives ought n to be liable to be bl[n d[n 9 high w9ds4 ,my hives1 be+ v l[ 9 proportion to _! o!r dim5sions1 x w\ld require almo/ a hurricane to upset !m4 #ej4 ,x %\ld enable an ,api>ian :o lives 9 ! neighborhood ( human pilf]]s1 to lock up ! preci\s cont5ts ( 8 hives1 9 "s *eap1 simple & conv5i5t way4 ,a c\ple ( padlocks ) "s *eap fixtures1 w suffice to secure a long range ( hives4 #ea4 ,a good hive %\ld be protect$ aga9/ ! de/ructive ravages ( mice 9 w9t]4 ,x seems almo/ incr$ible t s puny an animal %\ld d>e to invade a hive ( bees2 & yet n unfrequ5tly !y slip 9 :5 ! bees are compell$ by ! cold to retreat f ! entrance4 ,hav+ once f\nd admission1 !y build !mselves a ne/ 9 _! com=table abode1 eat up ! honey1 & su* bees z are too mu* *ill$ to make any resi/ance2 & fill ! premises ) su* an abom9able /5*1 t on ! approa* ( w>m wea!r1 ! bees (t5 9 a body ab&on _! desecrat$ home4 ,z soon z ! cold wea!r approa*es1 all my hives may h _! entrances ei!r entirely clos$1 or s contract$ t a m\se _c ga9 admission4 #eb4 ,a good hive %\ld h its alight+ bo>d con/ruct$ s z to %elt] ! bees aga9/ w9d & wet1 & ?us to facilitate to ! utmo/ _! entrance :5 !y come home ) _! heavy burd5s4 ,if ?is precaution is neglect$1 mu* valuable "t & _m lives w be sacrific$1 z ! colony _c be enc\rag$ to use to ! be/ advantage ! unpromis+ days :i* s (t5 occur 9 ! work+ season4 ,i h succe$$ 9 arrang+ my alight+ bo>d 9 su* a mann] t ! bees are %elt]$ aga9/ w9d & wet1 & are able to ent] ! hive ) ! lea/ possible loss ( "t4 #ec4 ,a well con/ruct$ hive ought to admit ( be+ %ut up 9 w9t]1 s z to consign ! bees to d>kness & repose4 ,no?+ c be m haz>d\s ?an to %ut up closely an ill protect$ hive4 ,ev5 if ! bees h an abundance ( air1 x w n answ] to prev5t !m f fly+ out1 if !y are s dispos$4 ,z soon z ! w>m? p5etrat+ _! ?9 hives tempts !m to fly1 !y cr[d to ! entrance1 & if x is %ut1 multitudes worry !mselves to dea? 9 try+ to get out1 & ! :ole colony is liable to become diseas$4 ,9 my hives z soon z ! bees are %ut up = ,w9t]1 !y are mo/ effectually protect$ aga9/ all atmosph]ic *anges1 & nev] desire to leave _! hives until ! entrances are aga9 op5$1 on ! return ( suitable wea!r4 ,?us !y pass ! ,w9t] 9 a /ate ( almo/ absolute repose2 !y eat mu* less honey#ab ?an :5 w9t]$ on ! ord9>y plan2 a mu* small] numb] die 9 ! hives2 none are lo/ ^u ! sn[1 & !y are m heal?y1 & comm5ce bre$+ mu* e>li] ?an !y d 9 ! common hives4 ,z "s ( ! holes into ! ,protector are left op5 9 ,w9t]1 any bee t is diseas$ & wi%es to leave ! hive c d s4 ,bees :5 diseas$ h a /range prop5sity to leave _! hives1 j z animals :5 sick seek to retreat f _! companions2 & 9 ,summ] su* bees may (t5 be se5 =sak+ _! home to p]i% on ! gr\nd4 ,if all egress f ! hive 9 ,w9t] is prev5t$1 ! diseas$ bees w n be able to comply ) an in/9ct :i* urges !m ,to leave _! c\ntry = _! c\ntry's good4 #ed4 ,x %\ld possess all ^! requisites )\t be+ too co/ly = common bee-keep]s1 or too complicat$ to be con/ruct$ by any "o :o c h&le simple tools3 & !y %\ld be s comb9$ t ! result is a simple hive1 :i* any "o c manage :o has ord9>y intellig5ce on ! subject ( bees4 ,i suppose t ! v natural conclusion f read+ ?is long li/ ( desirables1 w\ld be t no s+le hive c comb9e !m all1 )\t be+ exce$+ly complicat$ & exp5sive4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! simplicity & *eapness ) :i* my hive secures all ^! results1 is "o ( its mo/ /rik+ peculi>ities1 ! atta9m5t ( :i* has co/ me m /udy ?an all ! o!r po9ts besides4 ,z f> z ! bees are conc]n$1 !y c "w 9 ?is hive ) ev5 great] facility ?an 9 ! simple old-fa%ion$ box1 z ! frames are left r\gh by ! saw1 & ?us give an admirable support to ! bees :5 build+ _! combs2 & !y c ent] ! sp>e honey boxes1 ) ev5 m ease ?an if !y 7 m]ely cont9uations ( ! ma9 hive4 ,!re are a few desirables to :i* my hive makes n ! slighte/ pret5sions6 ,x promises no spl5did results to ^? :o pur*ase x1 & yet are too ignorant1 or too c>eless to be entru/$ ) ! managem5t ( bees4 ,9 bee-keep+1 z 9 o!r ?+s1 a man mu/ fir/ und]/& 8 bus9ess1 & !n proce$ on ! good old maxim1 t ! h& ( ! dilig5t make? ri*4 ,x possesses no talismanic influ5ce by :i* x c conv]t a bad situation = honey1 into a good "o2 or give ! ,api>ian an abundant h>ve/ :e!r ! season is productive or o!rwise4 ,x _c enable ! cultivator rapidly to multiply 8 /ocks1 & yet to secure1 ! same season1 surplus honey f 8 bees4 ,z well might ! bre$] ( p\ltry pret5d t he c1 9 ! same ye>1 bo? raise ! greate/ numb] ( *ick5s1 & sell ! l>ge/ numb] ( eggs4 ,worse ?an all1 x _c furni% ! _m advantages enum]at$1 & yet be made 9 z little "t1 or q z *eap z a hive :i* proves1 9 ! end1 to be a v de> b>ga94 ,i h n con/ruct$ my hive 9 accordance ) crude !ories1 or m]e conjectures1 & !n insi/$ t ! bees mu/ fl\ri% 9 su* a fanciful contrivance2 b ,i h /udi$1 = _m ye>s1 mo/ c>efully1 ! nature ( ! honey-bee2 & h dilig5tly comp>$ my obs]vations ) ^? ( writ]s & practical cultivators1 :o h sp5t _! lives 9 ext5d+ ! sph]e ( ,api>ian k2 & z ! result1 h endeavor$ to adapt my hive to ! actual wants & habits ( ! bee2 & to rem$y ! _m difficulties ) :i* ,i h f\nd its successful culture to be beset4 ,& m ?an ?is1 ,i h actually te/$ by exp]im5ts long cont9u$ & on a l>ge scale1 ! m]its ( ?is hive1 t ,i might n deceive bo? myself & o!rs1 & add ano!r to ! _m useless contrivances :i* h delud$ & disgu/$ a cr$ul\s public4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 mo/ e>ne/ly repudiate all claims to hav+ devis$ a p]fect bee-hive4 ,p]fection c belong only to ! works ( ! great ,creator1 to ^: ,omnisci5t eye1 all causes & effects ) all _! relations1 7 pres5t1 :5 he spake1 & f no?+ =m$ ! univ]se & all its glori\s wond]s4 ,= man to /amp ^u any ( 8 own works1 ! label ( p]fection1 is to %[ bo? 8 folly & presumption4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t ! culture ( bees is at a v l[ ebb 9 our c\ntry1 :5 ?\s&s c be induc$ to pur*ase hives :i* are 9 mo/ gl>+ opposition n only to ! true pr9ciples ( ,api>ian k1 b (t51 to ! pla9e/ dictates ( simple common s5se4 ,su* h be5 ! losses & disappo9tm5ts ( delud$ pur*as]s1 t x is no wond] t !y turn f ev]y?+ (f]$ 9 ! %ape ( a pat5t bee-hive1 z a mis]able humbug1 if n a mo/ b>e-fac$ *eat4 ,i d n hesitate to say t ^? old-fa%ion$ bee-keep]s1 :o h mo/ /eadily refus$ to m$dle ) any novelties1 & :o h us$ hives ( ! v simple/ con/ruction1 or at lea/ su* z are only "o remove f ! old /raw hive1 or wood5 box1 h1 z a g5]al ?+1 realiz$ by f> ! l>ge/ pr(its 9 ! managem5t ( bees4 ,!y h lo/ nei!r "t1 money nor bees1 9 ! va9 hope ( obta9+ any unusual results f hives1 :i*1 9 ! v nature ( ! case1 c secure no?+ really 9 advance ( :at c be accompli%$ by a simple box-hive ) an upp] *amb]4 ,a hive ( ! simple/ possible con/ruction1 is only a close imitation ( ! abode ( bees 9 a /ate ( nature2 be+ a m]e holl[ receptacle 9 :i* !y are protect$ f ! wea!r1 & :]e !y c lay up _! /ores4 ,an improv$ hive is "o :i* conta9s1 9 addition1 a sep>ate ap>tm5t 9 :i* ! bees c be induc$ to lay up ! surplus portion ( _! /ores1 = ! use ( _! own]4 ,all ! v>i\s hives 9 common use1 are only modifications ( ?is latt] hive1 &1 z a g5]al rule1 !y are bad1 exactly 9 proportion z !y dep>t f x4 ,n "o ( !m (f]s any rem$y = ! loss ( ! que51 or inde$ = mo/ ( ! casualties to :i* bees are expos$3 !y =m no reliable basis = any new sy/em ( managem5t2 & h5ce ! cultivation ( bees1 is sub/antially :]e x 01 fifty ye>s ago1 & ! ,api>ian z entirely dep5d5t z ev]1 ^u all ! :ims & caprices ( an insect :i* may be made completely subject to 8 control4 ,no hive :i* does n furni% a ?or\gh control ov] e comb1 c be consid]$ z any sub/antial advance on ! simple improv$ or *amb] hive4 ,( all su* hives1 ! "o :i* ) ! lea/ exp5se1 gives ! greate/ am\nt ( protection1 & ! readie/ access to ! sp>e honey boxes1 is ! be/4 ,hav+ ?us enum]at$ ! te/s to :i* all hives ought to be subject$1 & by :i* !y %\ld /& or fall1 ,i submit !m to ! c&id exam9ation ( practical1 common s5se bee-keep]s1 :o h _h ! l>ge/ exp]i5ce 9 ! managem5t ( bees1 & are mo/ conv]sant ) ! evils ( ! pres5t sy/em2 & :o are !re=e be/ fitt$ to apply !m to an inv5tion1 :i*1 if ,i may be p>don$ = us+ ! en?usia/ic language ( an exp]i5c$ ,api>ian on exam9+ its practical work+s1 introduces1 n simply an improvem5t1 b a revolution 9 bee-keep+4 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,a writ] 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,f>m] = ,m>*1 #ahec1 e/imates t ! mild w9t] has be5 wor? 9 ! sav+ ( fodd] to ! f>m]s ( ,new ,hamp%ire alone1 two & a half millions ( doll>s6 ,by suitable arrangem5ts1 bees ev5 9 ! v colde/ climates c h all ! advantages ( a mild w9t]4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,protection ,,aga9/ ,,extremes ,,( ,,heat ,,& ,,cold1 ,,sudd5 ,,& ,,sev]e ,,*anges ,,( ,,temp]ature1 ,,& ,,dampness ,,9 ,,! ,,hives4 ,i specially invite a c>eful p]usal ( ?is *apt]1 z ! subject1 ?\gh ( ! v fir/ importance 9 ! managem5t ( bees1 is "o to :i* b little att5tion has be5 giv5 by ! majority ( cultivators4 ,9 our climate ( great & sudd5 extremes1 _m colonies are annually injur$ or de/roy$ by undue exposure to heat or cold4 ,9 ,summ]1 ?9 hives are (t5 expos$ to ! direct heat ( ! sun1 s t ! combs melt1 & ! bees are dr[n$ 9 _! own sweets4 ,ev5 if !y escape utt] ru91 !y _c "w to advantage 9 ! almo/ suffocat+ heat ( _! hives4 ,b 9 ^? places :]e ! ,w9t]s are bo? long & sev]e1 x is mu* m difficult to protect ! bees f ! cold ?an f ! heat4 ,bees are n1 z "s suppose1 9 a dormant1 or torpid condition 9 ,w9t]4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t !y 7 int5d$ to live 9 colonies1 9 ,w9t]1 z well z ,summ]4 ,! wasp1 hornet1 & o!r insects :i* d n live 9 families 9 ! ,w9t]1 lay up no /ores = cold wea!r1 & are s organiz$ z to be able to endure 9 a torpid /ate1 a v l[ temp]ature2 s l[ t x w\ld be c]ta9 dea? to a honey-bee1 :i* :5 froz51 is z surely kill$ z a froz5 man4 ,z soon z ! temp]ature ( ! hives falls too l[ = _! com=t1 ! bees ga!r !mselves into a m compact body1 to pres]ve to ! utmo/1 _! animal heat2 & if ! cold becomes s great t ?is w n suffice1 !y keep up an incessant1 tremul\s motion1 accompani$ by a l\d humm+ noise2 9 o!r words1 !y take active ex]cise 9 ord] to keep w>m6 ,if a !rmomet] is pu%$ up among !m1 x w indicate a high temp]ature1 ev5 :5 ! ext]nal atmosph]e is _m degrees bel[ z]o4 ,:5 ! bees are unable to ma9ta9 ! necess>y am\nt ( animal heat1 an occurr5ce :i* is v common ) small colonies 9 badly protect$ hives1 !n1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 !y mu/ p]i%4 ,extreme cold1 :5 ( long cont9uance1 v frequ5tly de/roys colonies 9 ?9 hives1 ev5 :5 !y are /rong bo? 9 bees & honey4 ,! inside ( su* hives1 is (t5 fill$ ) fro/1 & ! bees1 aft] eat+ all ! food 9 ! combs 9 :i* !y are clu/]$1 are unable to ent] ! fro/y combs1 & ?us />ve 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty4 ,! unskilfull bee-keep] :o f9ds an abundance ( honey 9 ! hives1 _c conjecture ! cause ( _! dea?4 ,if ! cold m]ely de/roy$ feeble colonies1 or /rong ones only n[ & !n1 x w\ld n be s =midable an enemy2 b e ye>1 x causes _m ( ! mo/ fl\ri%+ /ocks to p]i% by />vation4 ,! extra quantity ( food :i* !y are compell$ to eat1 9 ord] to keep up _! heat 9 _! mis]able hives1 is (t5 ! turn+ po9t ) !m1 betwe5 life & dea?4 ,!y />ve1 :5 ) prop] protection1 !y w\ld h _h food en\gh & to sp>e4 ,b "s "o may say1 ,:at possible diff]5ce c ! k9d ( hives 9 :i* bees are kept make 9 ! quantity ( food :i* !y w consume8 ,en\gh1 ,i w\ld reply1 9 "s s+le w9t]s1 to pay ! diff]5ce betwe5 a good hive & a bad "o6 ,i _c move my f+]1 or w9k my eye-lids )\t "s wa/e ( muscle1 h[ev] small2 = x is a well-asc]ta9$ law 9 our animal economy1 t all muscul> ex]tion is att5d$ ) a correspond+ wa/e ( muscul> fibre4 ,n[ ?is wa/e mu/ be suppli$ by ! consumption ( food1 & x w\ld be z unreasonable to expect con/ant heat f a /ove )\t fre% supplies ( fuel1 z incessant muscul> activity f an insect1 )\t a supply ( food proportion$ to t activity4 ,if !n we c contrive any way to keep our bees 9 almo/ p]fect quiet dur+ ! ,w9t]1 we may be c]ta9 t !y w ne$ mu* less food ?an :5 !y are con/antly excit$4 ,9 ! cold ,w9t] ( #ahea-b1 ,i kept two sw>ms 9 a p]fectly dry & d>k cell>1 :]e ! temp]ature 0 rem>kably uni=m1 seldom v>y+ two degrees f #ej ( ,fahr5heit2 & ,i f\nd t ! bees ate v little honey4 ,! hives 7 ( glass1 & ! bees1 :5 exam9$ f "t to "t1 7 f\nd clu/]$ 9 almo/ dea?-l repose4 ,if ^! bees _h be5 expos$ 9 ?9 hives 9 ! op5 air1 !y w\ld1 9 all probability1 h eat5 f\r times z mu*2 = :5ev] ! sun %one ^u !m1 or ! atmosph]e 0 unusually w>m1 !y w\ld h be5 r\s$ to injuri\s activity1 & ! same w\ld h be5 ! case1 :5 ! cold 0 sev]e4 ,expos$ to sudd5 *anges & sev]e cold1 !y w\ld h be5 9 almo/ p]petual motion1 & mu/ h be5 compell$ to consume a l>gely increas$ quantity ( food4 ,9 ?is way1 _m colonies are annually />v$ to dea?1 :i* if !y _h be5 bett] protect$1 w\ld h surviv$ to gladd5 _! own] ) an abundant h>ve/4 ,?is protection1 z a g5]al ?+1 mu/ be giv5 to !m 9 ! op5 air1 = x is a v r>e ?+1 to meet ) a cell> :i* is dry en\gh to prev5t ! combs f m\ld+1 & ! bees f becom+ diseas$4 ,bees nev]1 unless diseas$1 dis*>ge _! fces 9 ! hive2 & ! want ( suitable protection1 by excit+ undue activity1 & compell+ !m to eat m freely1 causes _! bodies to be greatly di/5d$ ) accumulat$ fces4 ,on ! return ( w>m wea!r1 bees 9 ?is condition be+ (t5 too feeble to fly1 crawl f _! hives1 & mis]ably p]i%4 ,i mu/ notice ano!r exce$+ly injuri\s effect ( insuffici5t protection1 9 caus+ ! moi/ure to settle ^u ! cold top & sides ( ! int]ior ( ! hive1 f :5ce x drips ^u ! bees4 ,9 ?is way1 _m ( _! numb] are *ill$ & de/roy$1 & (t5 ! :ole colony is infect$ ) dys5t]y4 ,n unfrequ5tly1 l>ge portions ( ! comb are cov]$ ) m\ld1 & ! :ole hive is r5d]$ v (f5sive4 ,?is dampness :i* causes :at may be call$ a rot among ! bees1 is "o ( ! wor/ enemies ) :i* ! ,api>ian 9 a cold climate1 has to cont5d1 z x weak5s or de/roys _m ( 8 be/ colonies4 ,no extreme ( cold ev] exp]i5c$ 9 latitudes :]e bees fl\ri%1 c de/roy a /rong colony well suppli$ ) honey1 except indirectly1 by conf9+ !m to empty combs4 ,!y w survive our colde/ w9t]s1 9 ?9 hives rais$ on blocks to give a fre] admission ( air1 or ev5 9 susp5d$ hives1 )\t any bottom-bo>d at all4 ,inde$1 9 cold wea!r1 a v free admission ( air is necess>y 9 su* hives1 to prev5t ! o!rwise ru9\s effects ( froz5 moi/ure2 & h5ce ! common rem>k t bees require z mu* or m air 9 ,w9t] ?an 9 ,summ]4 ,:5 bees1 9 unsuitable hives1 are expos$ to all ! v>iations ( ! ext]nal atmosph]e1 !y are frequ5tly tempt$ to fly abroad if ! wea!r becomes unseasonably w>m1 & multitudes are lo/ on ! sn[1 at a season :5 no "y are br$ to repl5i% _! numb]1 & :5 ! loss is mo/ injuri\s to ! colony4 ,f ^! rem>ks1 x w be obvi\s to ! intellig5t cultivator1 t protection aga9/ extremes ( heat & cold1 is a po9t ( ! ,,v ,,fir/ ,,importance2 & yet ?is is ! v po9t1 :i*1 9 proportion to its importance1 has be5 mo/ ov]look$4 ,we h disc>d$1 & v wisely1 ! /raw hives ( our ance/ors2 b su* hives1 ) all _! faults1 7 comp>atively w>m 9 ,w9t]1 & cool 9 ,summ]4 ,we h und]tak5 to keep bees1 :]e ! cold ( ,w9t]1 & ! heat ( ,summ] are alike int5se2 & :]e sudd5 & sev]e *anges are (t5 fatal to ! brood3 & yet we bl9dly p]si/ 9 expect+ success "u circum/ances 9 :i* any m>k$ success is well nigh impossible4 ,t our c\ntry is em95tly favorable to ! production ( honey1 _c be d\bt$4 ,_m ( our =e/s ab\nd ,) colonies :i* are n only able to protect !mselves aga9/ all _! enemies1 ! dread$ bee-mo? n except$1 b :i* (t5 amass prodigi\s quantities ( honey4 ,nor are su* colonies f\nd m]ely 9 new c\ntries4 ,!y exi/ frequ5tly 9 ! v neighborhood ( cultivators ^: hives are weak & impov]i%$1 & :o impute to a decay ( ! honey res\rces ( ! c\ntry1 ! inevitable consequ5ces ( _! own irrational sy/em ( managem5t4 ,x w n be )\t pr(it1 to consid] briefly "u :at circum/ances ^! wild colonies fl\ri%1 & h[ !y are protect$ aga9/ sudd5 & extreme *anges ( temp]ature4 ,snugly h\s$ 9 ! holl[ ( a tree ^: ?ickness & decay$ int]ior are su* admirable mat]ials = exclud+ atmosph]ic *anges1 ! bees 9 ,w9t] are 9 a /ate ( almo/ absolute repose4 ,! entrance to _! abode is g5]ally v small 9 proportion to ! space )92 & let ! wea!r out ( doors v>y z x may1 ! inside temp]ature is v uni=m4 ,^! natural hives are dry1 because ! moi/ure f9ds no cold or icy top1 or sides1 on :i* to cond5se1 & f :i* x mu/ drip ^u ! bees1 de/roy+ _! lives1 or enfeebl+ _! heal?1 by fill+ ! int]ior ( _! dwell+ ) m\ld & dampness4 ,z !y are v quiet1 !y eat b little1 & h5ce _! bodies are n di/5d$ & diseas$ by accumulat$ fces4 ,(t5 !y d n /ir f _! holl[s1 f ,novemb] until ,m>* or ,april2 & yet !y come =? 9 ! ,spr+1 /rong 9 numb]s1 & vigor\s 9 heal?4 ,if at any "t 9 ! w9t] season1 ! w>m? is s great z to p5etrate _! com=table abodes1 & to tempt !m to fly1 :5 !y v5ture out1 !y f9d a balmy atmosph]e 9 :i* !y may disport ) impunity4 ,9 ! ,summ]1 !y are protect$ f ! heat1 n m]ely by ! ?ickness ( ! holl[ tree1 b by ! leafy %ade ( ov]>*+ bran*es1 & ! refre%+ coolness ( a =e/ home4 ,! ,russian & ,poli% bee-keep]s1 liv+ 9 a climate ^: w9t]s are mu* m sev]e ?an our own1 are among ! l>ge/ & mo/ successful cultivators ( bees1 _m ( !m numb]+ _! colonies by hundr$s1 & "s ev5 by ?\s&s6 ,!y h1 ) great practical sagacity1 imitat$ z closely z possible1 ! conditions "u :i* bees are f\nd to fl\ri% s admirably 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,we are in=m$ by ,mr4 ,dohiogo/1 a ,poli% writ]1 t 8 c\ntrym5 make _! hives ( ! be/ plank1 & nev] less ?an an in* & a half 9 ?ickness4 ,! %ape is t ( an old-fa%ion$ *urn1 & ! hive is cov]$ on ! outside1 halfway d[n1 ) twi/$ rope cordage1 to give x great] protection aga9/ extremes ( heat & cold4 ,! hives are plac$ 9 a dry situation1 directly ^u ! h>d e>?1 :i* is fir/ cov]$ ) an in* or two ( clean1 dry s&4 ,*ips are !n heap$ up all ar\nd !m1 & cov]$ ) e>? bank$ up 9 a slop+ direction to c>ry (f ! ra94 ,! entrance is at "s di/ance above ! bottom1 & is a triangle1 ^: sides are only "o in* long4 ,9 ! w9t] season1 ?is entrance is contract$ s t only "o bee c pass at a "t4 ,su* a hive1 ) u1 z x does n furni% ! honey 9 conv5i5t1 beautiful & salable =ms1 w\ld n meet ! dem&s ( our cultivators4 ,/ill1 !re are "s v important lessons to be le>n$ f x1 by all :o keep bees 9 regions ( cold w9t]s1 & hot summ]s4 ,x %[s ! importance :i* "s ( ! l>ge/ ,api>ians 9 ! _w1 atta* to protection2 practical1 common s5se m51 ^: heads h n be5 turn$1 z "s w\ld express x1 by mod]n !ories & fanciful inv5tions4 ,!y cultivate _! bees almo/ 9 a /ate ( nature1 & _! exp]i5ce on :at we w\ld t]m a gigantic scale1 ought to conv9ce ev5 ! mo/ incr$ul\s1 ( ! folly ( pret5d+ to keep bees1 9 ! mis]ably ?9 & unprotect$ hives to :i* we h be5 accu/om$4 ,b h[1 x w be ask$1 c bees live 9 ,w9t]1 9 a hive s closely %ut up z ! ,poli% hive8 ,!y d live 9 su* hives1 & prosp]1 j z !y d 9 holl[ trees1 ) only "o small entrance4 ,x is well kn[n t bees h fl\ri%$ :5 _! hives 7 buri$ 9 ,w9t]1 & "u circum/ances 9 :i* b a v small am\nt ( air c\ld possibly ga9 admission to !m4 ,bees1 :5 kept 9 a dry place1 9 prop]ly protect$ hives & 9 a /ate ( almo/ p]fect repose1 ne$ only a small supply ( air2 & ! objection t ^? cultivators among u1 :o %ut up _! colonies v closely 9 ,w9t]1 are almo/ sure to lose !m1 is ( no weight2 because ! majority ( our hives are s defici5t 9 protection1 t if !y are too closely %ut up1 ! brea? ( ! bees1 cond5s+ & freez+ ^u ! inside1 & aft]w>ds ?aw+1 causes ! combs to m\ld1 & ! bees to become diseas$2 j z _m sub/ances m\ld & p]i% :5 kept 9 a close1 damp cell>4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to discuss ! "q ( protection 9 its relations to ! con/ruction ( hives4 ,we h se5 h[ x is furni%$ to ! bees 9 ! ,poli% hives1 & 9 ! decay$ holl[s ( trees4 ,if ! ,api>ian *ooses1 he c imitate ?is plan by con/ruct+ 8 hives ( v ?ick plank3 b su* hives w\ld be clumsy1 & ) u1 exp5sive4 ,or he may mu* m effectually rea* ! same end1 by mak+ 8 hives d\ble1 s z to enclose an air space all ar\nd1 :i* 9 ,w9t] may be fill$ ) *>coal1 pla/] ( ,p>is1 /raw1 or any good non-conductor1 to enable ! bees to pres]ve ) ! lea/ wa/e1 _! animal heat4 ,i pref] to pack ! air-space ) pla/] ( ,p>is1 z x is "o ( ! v be/ non-conductors ( heat1 be+ us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! celebrat$ ,salam&] fire-pro( safes4 ,hives may be con/ruct$ 9 ?is way1 :i* )\t great exp5se1 may be mu* bett] protect$ ?an if !y 7 made ( six-in* plank4 ,z ! price ( glass is v l[1 ,i pref] to con/ruct ! inside ( my d\bl$ hives ( ?is mat]ial4 ,:5 a numb] ( hives are to be made1 z ! l[e/ price glass w answ] e purpose1 ,i c furni% a giv5 am\nt ( protection *eap] ) glass ?an wood1 :ile ! glass possesses "s mo/ decid$ advantages ov] any o!r mat]ial4 ,! hives are light] & m compact1 ?an :5 made ( d\bl$ wood1 & c be m easily mov$1 :ile ! ,api>ian c gratify 8 rational curiosity1 & inspect at all times1 ! condition ( 8 /ocks4 ,! v int]e/ inspir$ by be+ able to see :at !y are do+1 w g f> to protect !m f t indiff]5ce & neglect1 :i* is s (t5 fatal to _! prosp]ity4 ,! way 9 :i* ,i make my hives1 n only protects ! bees aga9/ extremes ( heat & cold1 b x gu>ds !m v effectually1 aga9/ ! injuri\s & (t5 fatal effects ( cond5s$ moi/ure4 ,by means ( my movable frames1 ! combs are prev5t$ f be+ atta*$ to ! sides1 top or bottom ( ! hive2 !y are 9 fact1 susp5d$ 9 ! air4 ,if n[ ! dampness c be prev5t$ f cond5s+ any :]e1 ov] ! bees1 s t x may n drip ^u _! combs1 & if x c be easily dis*>g$ f ! hive :]ev] x may collect1 x _c1 "u any circum/ances1 s]i\sly annoy !m4 ,su* are ! arrangem5ts 9 my hives1 t b v little moi/ure =ms 9 !m1 & all t does1 is deposit$ on ! sides 9 pref]5ce to any o!r "p ( ! int]ior2 j z x is ^u ! cold] walls or w9d[s1 r ?an ! ceil+ ( a room4 ,b z ! combs are kept away f ! sides1 ?is moi/ure _c annoy ! bees2 nor c x p5etrate ! glass z x does unpa9t$ wood or /raw1 ?us caus+ a m protract$ dampness2 x mu/ run d[n _! smoo? surfaces1 & fall ^u ! bottom-bo>d1 f :5ce x c be easily dis*>g$ f ! hive4 ,by pack+ 9 w9t]1 ! necess>y am\nt ( protection is secur$ = ! top & sides ( ! hive1 & ! v wor/ prop]ty ( glass1 7its p>t+ s rapidly ) heat17 is *ang$ into "o ( ! v be/ = ! purposes ( a bee-hive4 ,i pref] n only to make ! sides ( my hive ( glass1 b ( d\ble glass1 ) an air space ( ab\t an in* betwe5 ! two panes ( glass4 ,! extra co/#ac ( ?is con/ruction w be amply repaid by ! additional protection giv5 to ! bees4 ,x w be absolutely impossible = any fro/ ev] to p5etrate ?r\gh ?is air space1 & ! pack+ betwe5 ! outside case & ! ma9 hive4 ,! combs 9 su* a hive _c be melt$ d[n1 ev5 if ! hive is expos$ to ! reflect$ & conc5trat$ heat ( a blaz+ sun3 ! same con/ruction :i* secures !m aga9/ ! cold ( ,w9t]1 equally protect+ !m f ! heat ( ,summ]4 ,!re is "o disadvantage to :i* all well protect$ hives ( ! ord9>y con/ruction1 are expos$4 ,9 ! ,spr+ ( ! ye>1 x is exce$+ly desirable t ! w>m? ( ! sun %\ld p5etrate ! hives1 to enc\rage ! bees 9 e>ly bre$+2 b ! v arrangem5t :i* protects !m f cold1 (t5 int]f]es ) ?is4 ,a bee-hive is ?us l a cell>1 w>m 9 ,w9t]1 & cool 9 ,summ]2 b (t5 unpleasantly cool 9 ! e>ly ,spr+1 :5 ! atmosph]e out ( doors is w>m & delightful4 ,9 my hive1 ?is difficulty is easily rem$i$4 ,9 ! ,spr+1 z soon z ! bees beg9 to fly1 on w>m1 sun-%9y days1 ! upp] "p ( ! outside case is remov$1 s t ! g5ial heat ( ! sun c p5etrate to e "p ( ! hive4 ,! cov] mu/ be replac$ :ile ! sun is /ill %9+1 s t ! hives may be %ut up :ile !y are w>m4 ,! labor ( do+ ?is1 ne$ occupy only a few m9utes daily1 & z soon z w>m wea!r fairly sets 91 x may be disp5s$ )4 ,x may be p]=m$ )\t any risk1 by a woman or a boy4 ,if ! hive is ( glass1 x w w>m up all ! bett]1 & z ! combs are on frames1 !y _c be melt$ or injur$ by ! heat4 ,x is a s]i\s objection to mo/ cov]$ ,api>ies1 t !y d n p]mit ! hives to receive ! g5ial heat ( ! sun at a p]iod ( ! ye> :5 in/ead ( injur+ ! bees1 x ex]ts a mo/ p[]ful influ5ce 9 develop+ _! brood4 ,?is is "o among _m reasons :y ,i h disc>d$ !m1 & :y ,i pref] to con/ruct my hives 9 su* a mann] t !y ne$ no extra cov]+1 b /& expos$ to ! full influ5ce ( ! sun4 ,i h kn[n /rong colonies :i* h surviv$ ! ,w9t] 9 ?9 hives1 to increase rapidly & sw>m e>ly1 because ( ! /imulat+ effect ( ! sun2 :ile o!rs1 depriv$ ( ?is influ5ce1 9 d>k bee h\ses & well protect$ hives1 h sometimes disappo9t$ ! hopes ( _! own]s4 ,al?\gh my glass hives are v beautiful1 & mo/ admirably protect$1 /ill hives ( d\bl$ wood may (t5 be built to bett] advantage by ^? :o con/ruct _! own hives1 & !y c be made to furni% any desirable am\nt ( protection4 ,enclos$ ,api>ies are at be/ b nuisances3 !y soon become lurk+-places = spid]s & mo?s2 & aft] all ! exp5se wa/$ on _! con/ruction1 af=d1 b little protection aga9/ extreme cold4 ,i h be5 ?us p>ticul> on ! subject ( protection1 9 ord] to conv9ce e bee keep] :o ex]cises common s5se1 t ?9 hives ought to be giv5 up1 if ei!r pleasure or pr(it is s\ght f 8 bees4 ,su* hives an enlight5$ ,api>ian c\ld n be p]suad$ to pur*ase1 & he w\ld consid] !m too exp5sive 9 _! wa/e ( honey & bees1 to be wor? accept+1 ev5 z a gift4 ,_m /rong colonies :i* are lodg$ 9 badly protect$ hives1 (t5 consume 9 extra food1 9 a s+le h>d w9t]1 m ?an en\gh to pay ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! fir/ co/ ( a good hive ov] a bad "o4 ,9 ! sev]e w9t] ( #ahea-b1 _m cultivators lo/ ne>ly all _! /ocks1 & a l>ge "p ( ^? :i* surviv$1 7 too mu* weak5$ to be able to sw>m4 ,& yet ^! same mis]able hives1 aft] accompli%+ ! "w ( de/ruction on "o g5]ation ( bees1 are res]v$ to p]=m ! same (fice = ano!r4 ,& ?is "s call economy6 ,i am well aw>e ( ! "q :i* _m ( my read]s h = "s "t be5 ready to ask ( me4 ,c y make "o ( y\r well protect$ hives z *eaply z we con/ruct our common hives8 ,i w\ld rem9d su* que/ion]s1 t x is h>dly possible to build a well protect$ h\se z *eaply z a b>n4 ,& yet by build+ my hives 9 solid /ructures1 ?ree toge!r1 ,i am able to make !m = a v mod]ate price1 & /ill to give !m ev5 bett] protection ?an :5 !y are con/ruct$ s+ly4 ,if !y are n built ( d\bl$ mat]ials !y c be made = z little money z any o!r pat5t hive1 & yet af=d mu* great] protection2 z ! combs t\* nei!r ! top1 bottom nor sides ( ! hive4 ,i recomm5d h[ev] a con/ruction1 :i* al?\gh some:at m co/ly at fir/1 is yet mu* *eap] 9 ! end4 ,su* is ! passion ( ! ,am]ican p = *eapness 9 ! fir/ co/ ( an article1 ev5 at ! evid5t exp5se ( de>ness 9 ! end1 t _m1 ,i d\bt n1 w cont9ue to lodge _! bees 9 ?9 hives1 9 spite ( _! conviction ( ! folly ( s do+2 j z _m ( our %rewde/ ,yankees build ?9 wood5 h\ses1 9 ! cold climate ( ,new ,engl&1 or pla/] _! /one or brick ones directly on ! wall1 :5 ! extra co/ ( fuel to w>m !m1 f> exce$s ! int]e/ on ! additional exp5se :i* w\ld be necess>y to give !m ! requisite protection2 to say no?+ ( ! doctors' bills1 & fatal diseases :i* c be trac$ (t5 to ! dre>y b>ns or damp vaults :i* !y build1 & call h\ses6 ,,protector4 ,i atta* v great importance to ! way 9 :i* ,i give ! bees effectual protection aga9/ extremes ( heat & cold1 & sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature1 )\t remov+ !m f _! /&s1 or incurr+ ! exp5se & disadvantages ( a cov]$ ,bee-,h\se4 ,?is ,i accompli% by means ( :at ,i %all call a ,protector :i* is con/ruct$ sub/antially z foll[s4 ,select a dry & suitable location = ! bees1 :]e !y w n be di/urb$1 or prove an annoyance to o!rs4 ,if possible1 let x be 9 full sight ( ! sitt+ room1 s t !y may be se5 9 case ( sw>m+2 & let x face ! ,s\?-,ea/1 & be well protect$ f ! =ce ( /rong w9ds4 ,dig a tr5*1 ab\t two feet deep2 its l5g? %\ld dep5d ^u ! numb] ( hives to be accommodat$2 & its bread? %\ld be su* t :5 x is prop]ly wall$ up1 x %\ld measure f ! outside top ( "o wall to ano!r1 j suffici5t to receive ! bottom ( ! hive4 ,! walls1 may be built ( refuse brick or /ones1 & %\ld be ab\t f\r feet high f ! f\ndation2 ! upp] six in*es be+ built ( good brick1 & ! back wall ab\t two in*es high] ?an ! front "o1 s z to give ! bottom-bo>d ( ! hives1 ! prop] slant t[>ds ! entrance4 ,at "o end ( ?is ,protector1 a wood5 *imney %\ld be built1 & if ! numb] ( hives is great1 !re %\ld be "o at ea* end1 admitt+ air 9 ,w9t]1 & yet exclud+ ra9 & sn[4 ,! e>? :i* is ?r[n out 9 digg+1 %\ld be bank$ up aga9/ ! walls z high z ! good brick1 & 9 a slope :i*1 :5 grass$ ov]1 may be easily m[$ ) a common scy!4 ,! slope on ! back %\ld be m p]p5dicul> ?an 9 front s z n to be 9 ! way :5 op]at+ ^u ! hives4 ,! bottom may be cov]$ ) an in* or two ( clean s& & 9 w9t] ) /raw4 ,9 ,summ]1 ! ends are left op51 s t a free curr5t ( air may pass ?r\gh1 :ile 9 ,w9t]1 !y are prop]ly bank$ up2 & /raw1 ev]gre5 b\ghs1 or any o!r mat]ial1 suitable = exclud+ fro/1 may if necess>y1 be plac$ all ar\nd ! outside ( ! ,protector4 ,su* an arrangem5t w be f\nd v *eap1 :5 comp>$ ) a ,bee-,h\se or cov]$ ,api>y1 & may be made bo? neat & highly ornam5tal4 ,x may be con/ruct$ ( wood by ^? :o desire some?+ /ill *eap]1 & any "o :o c h&le a spade1 hamm]1 plane & saw1 c make = himself a /ructure on :i* a hundr$ hives may /&1 at less exp5se ?an w\ld be necess>y to build a cov]$ ,api>y = t54 ,z ! v5tilators ( ! hive op5 into ?is ,protector1 ! bees are1 9 ,summ]1 suppli$ ) a cool & refre%+ atmosph]e1 z closely z possible resembl+ t :i* !y f9d 9 a =e/ home2 :ile 9 ,w9t]1 ! ext]nal entrances ( ! hives may be safely clos$1 & !y w receive a supply ( air rem>kably uni=m & nev] mu* bel[ ! freez+ po9t4 ,z ! hives !mselves are d\ble1 no fro/ c p5etrate ?r\gh !m1 & ?us _! int]ior w almo/ always be p]fectly dry4 ,:5 ! wea!r sudd5ly mod]ates1 & bees 9 ! common hives fly out1 & are lo/ on ! sn[1 ^? arrang$ 9 ! mann] describ$1 w n "k t any *ange has tak5 place1 b w rema9 quiet 9 _! w9t] qu>t]s1 unless ! wea!r is s w>m t _! own] judges x safe to op5 ! entrances1 s t ! w>m? may p5etrate _! hives1 & tempt !m to fly1 & dis*>ge _! fces4 ,let x be rememb]$ t ! object ( ?is arrangem5t is n to w>m up ! hives by artificial heat2 b m]ely to enable ! bees to reta9 to ! utmo/ _! own animal heat1 to secure ! advantages set =? 9 ?is ,*apt] on ,protection4 ,once or twice dur+ ! ,w9t]1 ! blocks :i* regulate ! entrances to my hives %\ld be remov$1 & z ! frames are kept ab\t half an in* f ! bottom-bo>d1 by means ( a /ick or wire1 all ! dead bees & fil? may1 9 a few mom5ts1 be remov$3 or z ! entrance ( ! hives by remov+ ! blocks1 may be s enl>g$ z to (f] no ob/ruction to its introduction or removal1 an old newspap] c be kept on ! bottom-bo>d1 & drawn out f "t to "t1 ) all its cont5ts4 ,a movable bo>d ( ! same ?ickness & l5g? ) ! bottom-bo>ds ( ! hive & ab\t six in*es wide1 sep>ates ! hives f ea* o!r1 z !y /& ^u ! ,protector4 ,i h made num]\s obs]vations ^u ! temp]ature ( a ,protector made sub/antially on ! plan describ$1 & f9d t x is wond]fully uni=m4 ,! l[e/ range ( ! !rmomet] dur+ ! mon?s ( ,janu>y & ,febru>y1 #ahec1 9 ! ,protector1 0 #bh2 9 ! op5 air1 #ad bel[ z]o2 ! highe/ 9 ! ,protector #cb2 9 ! op5 air #ef4 ,x w ?us be se5 t :ile ! !rmomet] out ( doors _h a range ( #gj1 9 ! ,protector x _h a range ( only #d4 ,:ile bees 9 common hives dur+ "s w>m days flew out & p]i%$ 9 l>ge numb]s on ! sn[2 ! bees ov] ! ,protector 7 p]fectly quiet4 ,to ?is arrangem5t ,i atta* an importance second only to my movable frames1 & believe t comb9$ ) d\bl$ hives1 x removes ! *ief ob/acle to ! successful cultivation ( bees 9 cold latitudes4#ad ,9 ! colde/ regions :]e bees c f9d supplies 9 ,summ]1 !y may dur+ a ,w9t] t la/s f ,novemb] to ,may1 & dur+ :i* ! m]cury congeals1 be kept z com=table z 9 climates :i* seem mu* m propiti\s = _! cultivation4 ,! m sn[ ! bett]1 z x s]ves m ! effectually to exclude ! cold f ! ,protector4 ,h[ev] long & dre>y ! ,w9t]1 ! bees 9 _! com=table qu>t]s feel none ( its injuri\s influ5ces2 & actually consume less1 ?an ^? :i* are kept :]e ! w9t]s are %ort1 & s mild t ! bees are (t5 tempt$ to fly1 & are 9 a /ate ( almo/ cont9ual excitem5t4 ,x is 9 precisely su* latitudes1 9 ,pol& & ,russia1 t bees are kept 9 ! l>ge/ numb]s1 & ) ! mo/ extraord9>y success4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,pa/urage1 ,i %all %[ t "s ( ! colde/ places 9 ,new ,engl&1 & ! ,middle ,/ates1 are among ! mo/ favor$ spots = obta9+ ! l>ge/ supplies ( ! v pure/ honey4 ,hav+ ?or\ghly te/$ ! practicability ( af=d+ ! bees by my ,protector1 complete protection aga9/ heat & cold1 at a v small exp5se1 & 9 a way :i* may be made highly ornam5tal1 ! prop] /eps w be tak5 to secure a pat5t "r = ! same2 al?\gh no extra *>ge w be made = ?is1 or = any o!r subsequ5t improvem5t1 to ^? :o pur*ase ! "r to use my hive4 ,,footnotes3 #ac ,! co/ ( ! glass = "o hive s z to give ! air space all ar\nd1 if pur*as$ at ! :olesale prices w n exce$ #be cts4 ,:]e ?ree hives are made 9 "o /ructure1 ! glass = ! ?ree w co/ less ?an #ej c5ts2 if d\ble glass is n us$1 ! exp5se w\ld be less by "o half4 #ad ,! obs]vations to te/ ! temp]ature ( ! ,protector 7 made 9 ,gre5field1 ,massa*usetts1 9 latitude #db deg4 #cf m94 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,v5tilation ,,( ,,! ,,hive4 ,if a popul\s hive is exam9$ on a w>m ,summ] day1 a consid]able numb] ( bees w be f\nd /&+ on ! alight+ bo>d1 ) _! heads turn$ t[>ds ! entrance1 ! extremity ( _! bodies slightly elevat$1 & _! w+s 9 su* rapid motion t !y are almo/ z indi/9ct z ! spokes ( a :eel1 9 swift rotation on its axis4 ,a brisk curr5t ( air may be felt proce$+ f ! hive1 & if a small piece ( d[n be susp5d$ by a ?read1 x w be bl[n out f "o "p ( ! entrance1 & drawn 9 at ano!r4 ,:at are ^! bees expect+ to accompli%1 t !y appe> s deeply absorb$ 9 _! fann+ occupation1 :ile busy numb]s are con/antly cr[d+ 9 & out ( ! hive8 & :at is ! mean+ ( ?is d\ble curr5t ( air8 ,to ,hub]1 we owe ! fir/ satisfactory explanation ( ^! curi\s ph5om5a4 ,^! bees ply+ _! rapid w+s 9 su* a s+ul> attitude1 are p]=m+ ! important bus9ess ( v5tilat+ ! hive2 & ?is d\ble curr5t is compos$ ( pure air ru%+ 9 at "o "p1 to supply ! place ( ! f\l air =c$ out at ano!r4 ,by a s]ies ( ! mo/ c>eful & beautiful exp]im5ts1 ,hub] asc]ta9$ t ! air ( a cr[d$ hive is almo/1 if n q1 z pure z ! atmosph]e by :i* x is surr\nd$4 ,n[1 z ! entrance to su* a hive1 is (t51 7m especially 9 a /ate ( nature17 v small1 ! int]ior air _c be r5ew$ )\t resort to "s artificial means4 ,if a lamp is put into a close vessel ) only "o small orifice1 x w soon exhau/ all ! oxyg51 & g out4 ,if ano!r small orifice is made1 ! same result w foll[2 b if by "s device a curr5t ( air is drawn out f "o1 an equal curr5t w =ce its way into ! o!r1 & ! lamp w burn until ! oil is exhau/$4 ,x is precisely on ?is pr9ciple1 ( ma9ta9+ a d\ble curr5t by artificial means1 t ! bees v5tilate _! cr[d$ habitations4 ,a body ( active v5tilators /&s inside ( ! hive1 z well z outside1 all ) _! heads turn$ t[>ds ! entrance1 & by ! rapid fann+ ( _! w+s1 a curr5t ( air is bl[n briskly out ( ! hive1 & an equal curr5t drawn 94 ,?is important (fice is "o :i* requires great physical ex]tion on ! "p ( ^? to :om x is entru/$2 & if _! proce$+s are c>efully wat*$1 x w be f\nd t ! exhau/$ v5tilators1 are1 f "t to "t1 reliev$ by fre% deta*m5ts4 ,if ! int]ior ( ! hive w admit ( inspection1 9 v hot wea!r1 l>ge numb]s ( ^! v5tilators w be f\nd 9 regul> files1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! hive1 all busily engag$ 9 _! labori\s employm5t4 ,if ! entrance at any "t is contract$1 a spe$y accession w be made to ! numb]s1 bo? inside & outside2 & if x is clos$ entirely1 ! heat ( ! hive w quickly increase1 ! :ole colony w comm5ce a rapid vibration ( _! w+s1 & 9 a few mom5ts w drop lifeless f ! combs1 = want ( air4 ,x has be5 prov$ by c>eful exp]im5ts t pure air is necess>y n only = ! respiration ( ! mature bees1 b t )\t x1 nei!r ! eggs c be hat*$1 nor ! l>v develop$4 ,a f9e nett+ ( air-vessels cov]s ! eggs2 & ! cells ( ! l>v are seal$ ov] ) a cov]+ :i* is full ( air holes4 ,9 ,w9t]1 z has be5 /at$ 9 ! ,*apt] on ,protection1 bees1 if kept 9 ! d>k1 & nei!r too w>m nor too cold1 are almo/ dormant1 & seem to require b a small all[ance ( air2 b ev5 "u su* circum/ances1 !y _c live entirely )\t air2 & if !y are excit$ by be+ expos$ to atmosph]ic *anges1 or by be+ di/urb$1 a v l\d humm+ may be he>d 9 ! int]ior ( _! hives1 & !y ne$ q z mu* air z 9 w>m wea!r4 ,if at any "t1 by mov+ _! hives1 or 9 any o!r way1 bees are greatly di/urb$1 x w be unsafe to conf9e !m1 especially 9 w>m wea!r1 unless a v free admission ( air is giv5 to !m1 & ev5 !n1 ! air ought to be admitt$ above1 z well z bel[ ! mass ( bees1 or ! v5tilators may become clogg$ ) dead bees1 & ! sw>m may p]i%4 ,"u close conf9em5t1 ! bees become excessively heat$1 & ! combs are (t5 melt$ d[n4 ,:5 bees are conf9$ to a close atmosph]e1 especially if dampness is add$ to its injuri\s influ5ces1 !y are sure to become diseas$2 & l>ge numb]s1 if n ! :ole colony1 p]i% f dys5t]y4 ,is x n "u circum/ances precisely simil>1 t *ol]a & dys5t]y prove mo/ fatal to human be+s8 ,h[ (t5 d ! fil?y1 damp & unv5tilat$ abodes ( ! abject poor1 become p]fect laz>-h\ses to _! wret*$ inmates8 ,i exam9$1 la/ ,summ]1 ! bees ( a new sw>m :i* _h be5 suffocat$ = want ( air1 & f\nd _! bodies di/5d$ ) a yell[ & noisome sub/ance1 j z ?\gh !y _h p]i%$ f dys5t]y4 ,a few 7 /ill alive1 & in/ead ( honey1 _! bodies 7 fill$ ) ?is same disgu/+ fluid2 ?\gh ! bees _h n be5 %ut up1 m ?an two h\rs4 ,9 a m$ical po9t ( view1 ,i consid] ^! facts z highly int]e/+2 %[+ z !y d1 "u :at circum/ances1 & h[ spe$ily1 disease may be produc$4 ,9 v hot wea!r1 if ?9 hives are expos$ to ! sun's rays1 ! bees are excessively annoy$ by ! int5se heat1 & h rec\rse to ! mo/ p[]ful v5tilation1 n m]ely to keep ! air ( ! hive pure1 b to c>ry (f1 z mu* z possible1 its int]nal w>m?4 ,!y (t5 leave ! int]ior ( ! hive1 almo/ 9 a body1 & 9 ?ick masses1 clu/] on ! outside1 n simply to escape ! close heat )91 b to gu>d _! combs aga9/ ! dang] ( be+ dissolv$4 ,at su* times !y are p>ticul>ly c>eful n to clu/] on ! combs conta9+ seal$ honey2 = z mo/ ( ^! combs h n be5 l9$ ) ! cocoons ( ! l>v1 !y are1 = ?is reason1 z well z on acc\nt ( ! extra am\nt ( wax us$ = _! cov]s1 mu* m liable to be melt$1 ?an ! bre$+ cells4 ,api>ians h (t5 notic$ ! fact1 t z a g5]al ?+1 ! bees leave ! honey cells almo/ entirely b>e1 z soon z !y h seal$ !m ov]2 b x seems to h escap$ _! obs]vation1 t 9 hot wea!r1 !re is (t5 an absolute necessity = su* a c\rse4 ,9 cool wea!r1 on ! contr>y1 ! bees may (t5 be f\nd clu/]$ among ! seal$ honey-combs1 because !re is !n no dang] ( _! melt+ d[n4 ,few ?+s 9 ! range ( _! wond]ful in/9cts1 are s well fitt$ to impress ! m9d ) _! admirable sagacity1 z ! truly sci5tific device1 by :i* ^! wise little insects v5tilate _! dwell+s4 ,i 0 on ! po9t ( say+ t x 0 almo/ l human-reason1 :5 ! pa9ful & mortify+ reflection pres5t$ itself to my m9d t 9 respect to v5tilation1 ! bee is imm5sely 9 advance ( ! great mass ( ^? :o consid] !mselves z rational be+s4 ,x has1 to be sure1 no ability to make an elaborate analysis ( ! *emical con/itu5ts ( ! atmosph]e1 & to decide h[ l>ge a proportion ( oxyg5 is ess5tial to ! support ( life1 & h[ rapidly ! process ( brea?+ conv]ts ?is important elem5t into a deadly poison4 ,x has n1 l ,leibig1 be5 able to demon/rate t ,god has set ! animal & vegetable _w1 ! "o ov] aga9/ ! o!r2 s t ! c>bonic acid produc$ by ! brea?+ ( ! "o1 furni%es ! alim5t ( ! o!r2 :i*1 9 turn1 gives out its oxyg5 = ! support ( animal life2 & t1 9 ?is wond]ful mann]1 ,god has provid$ t ! atmosph]e %all1 ?r\gh all ages1 be z pure z :5 x fir/ came f ,8 creat+ h&4 ,b %ame ^u u6 t ) all our intellig5ce1 ! mo/ ( u live z ?\gh pure air 0 ( little or no importance2 :ile ! bee v5tilates ) a sci5tific precision & ?or\ghness1 t puts to ! blu% our crim9al neglect4 ,to ?is x may be repli$ t v5tilation 9 our case1 _c be _h1 )\t consid]able exp5se4 ,c x be _h = no?+1 by ! indu/ri\s bees8 ,^? busy insects1 :i* are s indefatigably ply+ _! w+s1 are n engag$ 9 idle amusem5t2 nor might !y1 z "s w\ld-be utilit>ian may imag9e1 be bett] employ$ 9 ga!r+ honey1 or 9 sup]9t5d+ "s o!r dep>tm5t 9 ! economy ( ! hive4 ,!y are at great exp5se ( "t & labor1 supply+ ! re/ ( ! colony ) pure air1 s conducive 9 e way1 to _! heal? & prosp]ity4 ,i tru/ t ,i %all be p]mitt$ to digress1 = a %ort "t1 f bees to m51 & t ! rem>ks :i* ,i %all (f] on ! subject ( v5tilation 9 human dwell+s1 may make a deep] impression1 9 connection ) ! wise arrangem5ts ( ! bee1 ?an !y w\ld1 if pres5t$ 9 ! %ape ( a m]e sci5tific discussion2 & t "s :o h be5 9 ! habit ( consid]+ all air1 except 9 ! p>ticul> ( temp]ature1 z ab\t alike1 may be ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( _! mi/ake4 ,rec5t /ati/ics prove t consumption & its k9dr$ diseases are mo/ fe>fully on ! increase1 9 ! ,nor!rn1 & m especially 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates2 & t ! g5]al mortality ( ,massa*usetts exce$s t ( almo/ e o!r /ate 9 ! ,union4 ,9 ^! ,/ates1 ! t5d5cy ( increas+ att5tion to manufactur+ & me*anical pursuits1 is to compel a l>g] & l>g] proportion ( ! population to lead an 9-door life1 & to brea! an atmosph]e m or less vitiat$1 & ?us unfit = ! full developm5t ( vigor\s heal?4 ,! importance ( pure air c h>dly be ov]-e/imat$2 inde$1 ! quality ( ! air we brea?1 seems to ex]t an influ5ce mu* m p[]ful1 & h>dly less direct1 ?an ! m]e quality ( our food4 ,^? :o1 by active ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 keep _! lungs saturat$ z x 71 ) ! pure elem5t1 c eat almo/ any?+ ) impunity2 :ile ^? :o brea? ! sorry apology = air :i* is to be f\nd 9 s _m habitations1 al?\gh !y may live ^u ! mo/ nutriti\s diet1 & avoid ! lea/ excess1 are incessantly tr\bl$ ) head-a*e1 dyspepsia1 & v>i\s m5tal z well z physical suff]+s4 ,well may su* p]sons1 z !y witness ! heal?y =ms & happy faces ( s _m ( ! h>dy sons ( toil1 exclaim ) ! old ,lat9 poet1 ,oh dura messorum illia6 ,x is ) ! human family v mu* z x is ) ! vegetable k+dom4 ,take a plant or tree1 & %ut x out f ! pure air1 & ! invigorat+ light1 & ?\gh y may supply x ) an abundance ( wat] & ! v soil1 :i* by ! /ricte/ *emical analysis1 is f\nd to conta9 all ! elem5ts t are ess5tial to its vigor\s gr[?1 x w /ill be a puny ?+1 ready to droop1 if expos$ to a summ]'s sun1 or to be pro/rat$ by ! fir/ visitation ( a w9t]'s bla/4 ,comp>e n[1 ?is wret*$ abortion1 ) an oak or maple :i* has gr[n ^u ! comp>atively /]ile m\nta9 pa/ure1 & ^: bran*es1 9 ,summ] are ! pleasant resort ( ! happy song/]s1 :ile1 "u its mighty %ade1 ! pant+ h]ds dr9k 9 a refre%+ coolness4 ,9 ,w9t] x laughs at ! mighty /orms1 :i* wildly toss its giant bran*es 9 ! air1 & :i* s]ve only to ex]cise ! limbs ( ! /urdy tree1 ^: roots deep int]tw9$ among its native rocks1 enable x to bid defiance to any?+ %ort ( a :irlw9d or tornado4 ,to a population1 :o1 = m ?an two-?irds ( ! ye>1 are compell$ to brea! an atmosph]e heat$ by artificial means1 ! "q h[ c ?is air be made1 at a mod]ate exp5se1 to resemble1 z f> z possible1 ! pure/ e!r ( ! skies is1 7or z ,i %\ld r say ought to be17 a "q ( ! utmo/ int]e/4 ,:5 op5 fires 7 us$1 !re 0 no lack ( pure air1 :atev] else might h be5 defici5t4 ,a capaci\s *imney c>ri$ up ?r\gh its insatiable ?roat1 imm5se volumes ( air1 to be replac$ by ! pure elem5t1 :i/l+ 9 glee1 ?r\gh e crack1 crevice & keyhole4 ,n[ ! h\se-build] & /ove-mak] ) b few exceptions#ae seem to h jo9$ h&s 9 wag+ a mo/ effectual w>f>e aga9/ ! unwelcome intrud]4 ,by labor-sav+ ma*9]y1 !y contrive to make ! "o1 ! jo9ts ( 8 wood-"w1 & ! o!r1 ^? ( 8 iron-"w1 tight] & tight]1 & if x 7 possible = !m to accompli% fully _! manife/ design1 !y w\ld be able to furni% rooms almo/ z fatal to life z ! black hole ( ,calcutta4 ,b 9 spite ( all t !y c d1 ! mat]ials w %r9k1 & no fuel has yet be5 f\nd1 :i* w burn )\t any air1 s t suffici5t v5tilation is kept up1 to prev5t su* deadly occurr5ces4 ,/ill !y are tol]ably successful 9 keep+ out ! unfri5dly elem5t2 & by ! use ( huge cook+-/oves ) t[]+ ov5s1 & o!r salam&] contrivances1 ! little air t c f9d its way 91 is almo/ z ?or\ghly cook$1 z are ! v>i\s delicacies de/9$ = ! table4 ,on read+ an acc\nt ( a run-away slave1 :o 0 = a consid]able "t1 closely box$ up1 a g5tleman rem>k$ t if ! poor fell[ _h only kn[n t a r5ewal ( ! air 0 necess>y to ! support ( life1 he c\ld n h liv$ !re an h\r )\t suffocation3 ,i h frequ5tly ?\ght t if ! occupants ( ! rooms ,i h be5 describ+1 c\ld only "k z mu*1 !y w\ld be 9 almo/ simil> dang]4 ,bad air1 "o w\ld ?9k1 is bad en\gh3 b :5 x is heat$ & dri$ to an excessive degree1 all its orig9al vil5ess is /imulat$ to great] activity1 & ?us made d\bly injuri\s by ?is new elem5t ( evil4 ,n only our private h\ses1 b our *ur*es & s*ool-rooms1 our railroad c>s1 & all our places ( public assemblage1 are1 to a mo/ lam5table degree1 ei!r unprovid$ ) any means ( v5tilation1 or1 to a great ext5t1 suppli$ ) ^? :i* are s wret*$ly defici5t t !y ,keep ! ^w ( promise to our e>1 ,& break x to our hope4 ,t ultimate deg5]acy mu/ surely foll[ su* entire disreg>d ( ! laws ( heal?1 _c be d\bt$2 & ^? :o imag9e t ! physical /am9a ( a p c be und]m9$1 & yet t _! intellectual1 moral & religi\s heal? w suff] no eclipse or decay1 "k v little ( ! intimate connection betwe5 body & m9d1 :i* ! ,creator has se5 fit to e/abli%4 ,! m5 may1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 resi/ ! injuri\s influ5ces ( f\l air2 z _! employm5ts usually compel !m to live mu* m out ( doors3 b alas1 alas6 = ! poor wom56 ,9 ! v l& :]e wom5 are treat$ ) m univ]sal def]5ce & respect ?an 9 any o!r1 & :]e !y s well des]ve x1 !re (t51 no provision is made to furni% !m ) t great elem5t ( heal?1 *e]fulness & beauty1 heav5's pure1 fre% air4 ,9 ,s\!rn climes1 :]e doors & w9d[s may be safely kept op5 = a l>ge "p ( ! ye>1 pure air is *eap en\gh1 & c be obta9$ )\t any special ef=t3 b 9 ,nor!rn latitudes1 :]e heat$ air mu/ be us$ = ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! ye>1 ! neglect ( v5tilation is fa/ caus+ ! heal? & beauty ( our wom5 to disappe>4 ,! pallid *eek1 or ! hectic flu%1 ! angul> =m & di/ort$ sp9e1 ! debilitat$ appe>ance ( a l>ge portion ( our females1 :i* to a /rang]1 w\ld seem to indicate t !y 7 j recov]+ f a long illness1 all ^! indications ( ! lam5table abs5ce ( physical heal?1 to say no?+ ( ! anxi\s1 c>e-worn faces & premature wr9kles1 proclaim 9 sorr[ful voices1 our violation ( ,god's physical laws1 & ! dreadful p5alty ) :i* ,he visits our transgressions4 ,our p mu/1 & ,i h no d\bt t ev5tually !y w be mo/ ?or\ghly ar\s$ to ! necessity ( a vital re=m on ?is important subject4 ,op5 /oves1 & *e]ful grates & fire-places w aga9 be 9 vogue ) ! mass ( ! p1 unless "s bett] mode ( w>m+ %all be devis$1 :i*1 at less exp5se1 %all make /ill m ample provision = ! con/ant introduction ( fre% air4 ,h\ses w be con/ruct$1 :i*1 al?\gh m exp5sive 9 ! fir/ co/1 w be f> *eap] 9 ! end1 & by requir+ a mu* small] quantity ( fuel to w>m ! air1 w enable u to enjoy ! luxury ( brea?+ air :i* may be duly temp]$1 & yet be pure & invigorat+4 ,air-tight & all o!r lung-tight /oves w be explod$1 z economiz+ 9 fuel only :5 !y all[ ! smalle/ possible *ange ( air1 & ?us squ&]+ heal? & endang]+ life4 ,! laws v wisely =bid ! erection ( wood5 build+s 9 l>ge cities1 & 9 v>i\s ways1 prescribe su* regulations = ! con/ruction ( edifices z are deem$ to be ess5tial to ! public welf>e2 & ! "t _c1 ,i tru/1 be v f> di/ant1 :5 all public build+s erect$ = ! accommodation ( l>ge numb]s1 w be requir$ by law1 to furni% a supply ( fre% air1 9 "s reasonable degree adequate to ! necessities ( ^? :o are to occupy !m4 ,i %all ask no excuse = ! hone/ w>m? ( language :i* w appe> extravagant only to ^? :o _c1 or r w n1 see ! imm5se importance ( pure air to ! highe/ enjoym5t1 n only ( physical1 b ( m5tal & moral heal?4 ,! man :o %all succe$ 9 conv9c+ ! mass ( ! p1 ( ! tru? ( ! views ?us imp]fectly pres5t$1 & ^: inv5tive m9d %all devise a *eap & efficaci\s way ( furni%+ a copi\s supply ( pure air = our dwell+s & public build+s1 our /eamboats & railroad c>s1 w be ev5 m ( a b5efactor ?an a ,j5n]1 or a ,watt1 a ,fulton1 or a ,morse4 ,to return f ?is l5g?y & yet ,i tru/ n unpr(itable digression4 ,9 ! v5tilation ( my hive1 ,i h endeavor$1 z f> z possible1 to meet all ! necessities ( ! bees1 "u ! v>y+ circum/ances to :i* !y are expos$1 9 our unc]ta9 climate1 ^: sev]e extremes ( temp]ature impress mo/ =cibly ^u ! bee-keep]1 ! maxim ( ! ,mantuan ,b>d1 ,utraque vis p>it] apibus metu5da4 ,extremes ( heat or cold1 alike are hurtful to ! bees4 ,9 ord] to make artificial v5tilation ( any use to ! great majority ( bee-keep]s1 x mu/ be simple1 & n z 9 ,nutt's hive1 & _m o!r labor$ contrivances1 s complicat$ z to require almo/ z con/ant sup]vision z a hot-b$ or a gre5-h\se4 ,! v f\ndation ( any sy/em ( v5tilation %\ld be su* a con/ruction ( ! hive t ! bees %all ne$ a *ange ( air only = brea?+4 ,9 ! ,*apt] on ,protection1 ,i h expla9$ ! con/ruction ( my hives1 & ( ! ,protector by :i* ! bees be+ kept w>m 9 ,w9t]1 & cool 9 ,summ]1 d n require1 z 9 ?9 hives1 a v free introduction ( air1 9 hot wea!r1 to keep ! combs f s(t5+2 or a /ill l>g] supply 9 ,w9t]1 to prev5t !m f m\ld+1 & to dry up ! moi/ure :i* runs f _! icy tops & sides2 & :i*1 if suff]$ to rema91 w (t5 affect ! bees ) dys5t]y1 or z x is sometimes call$1 ! rot4 ,! intellig5t ,api>ian w p]ceive t ,i ?us imitate ! natural habitation ( ! bees 9 ! recesses ( a holl[ tree 9 ! =e/1 :]e !y feel nei!r ! extremes ( heat nor cold1 & :]e ?r\gh ! efficacy ( _! v5tilat+ p[]s1 a v small op5+ admits all ! air :i* is necess>y = respiration4 ,9 ! ,*apt] on ! ,requisites ( a good hive1 ,i h spok5 ( ! importance ( furni%+ v5tilation1 indep5d5tly ( ! entrance4 ,by su* an arrangem5t1 ,i am able to improve ^u ! me?od :i* ! bees are compell$ to adopt 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,z !y h no means ( admitt+ air by wire-clo?1 & at ! same "t1 ( effectually exclud+ all intrud]s1 !y are oblig$ 9 v hot wea!r1 & 9 a v cr[d$ /ate ( _! dwell+s1 to employ a l>g] =ce 9 ! labori\s bus9ess ( v5tilation1 ?an w\ld o!rwise be necess>y2 :ile 9 ,w9t]1 !y h no means ( admitt+ air :i* is only mod]ately cool4 ,i c keep ! entrance s small1 t only a s+le bee c g 9 at once1 or ,i c1 if circum/ances require1 entirely close x1 & yet ! bees ne$ n suff] = ! want ( air4 ,9 all ord9>y cases1 ! v5tilators w admit a suffici5t supply ( duly temp]$ air f ! ,protector1 & ! bees c1 at any "t1 increase _! effici5cy by _! own direct ag5cy1 :ile yet !y w1 at no "t1 admit a /rong curr5t ( *illy air1 s z to endang] ! life ( ! brood4 ,z bees are1 at all times1 prone to close ! v5tilators ) propolis1 !y mu/ be plac$ :]e !y c easily be remov$1 & cleans$1 by soak+ !m 9 boil+ wat]4 ,z respects v5tilation f above1 z well z f bel[1 s z to all[ a free curr5t ( air to pass ?r\gh ! hive1 ,i am decid$ly oppos$ to x1 z 9 cool & w9dy wea!r1 su* a curr5t (t5 compels ! bees to retire f ! brood1 :i* 9 ?is way is de/roy$ by a fatal *ill4 ,9 ?9 hives1 v5tilation f above may be desirable 9 ,w9t]1 to c>ry (f ! sup]flu\s moi/ure1 b 9 prop]ly con/ruct$ hives1 /&+ ov] a ,protector1 !re is1 z has already be5 rem>k$1 little or no dampness to be c>ri$ (f4 ,! con/ruction ( my hives w all[1 if at all desirable1 ( v5tilation f above2 & ,i always make use ( x1 :5 ! bees are to be %ut up = any l5g? ( "t1 9 ord] to be mov$2 z 9 ?is case1 !re is always a risk t ! v5tilators on ! bottom-bo>d may be clogg$ by dead bees1 & ! colony suffocat$4 ,z ! entrance ( ! hive1 may 9 a mom5t1 be enl>g$ to any desirable ext5t1 )\t 9 ! lea/ p]plex+ ! bees1 any quantity ( air may be admitt$1 :i* ! necessities ( ! bees1 "u any possible circum/ances1 may require4 ,x may be made full #ah in*es 9 l5g?1 b z a g5]al rule1 9 ,summ]1 9 a l>ge colony1 x ne$ n exce$ six in*es3 :ile 9 ,spr+ & ,fall1 two or ?ree in*es w suffice4 ,9 ,w9t]1 x %\ld be entirely clos$2 unless 9 latitudes s w>m1 t ev5 ) ! ,protector1 ! bees _c be kept quiet4 ,! bee-keep] %\ld nev] =get t x is almo/ c]ta9 de/ruction to a colony1 to conf9e !m :5 !y wi% to fly out4 ,! precautions requisite to prev5t robb+1 w be subsequ5tly describ$4 ,9 ,nor!rn latitudes1 9 ! mon?s ( ,april & ,may1 ,i pref] to keep ! v5tilators entirely clos$2 z ! air ( ! ,protector1 at su* times1 l ! air ( a cell> 9 ,spr+1 is uncom=tably cool1 & has a t5d5cy to int]f]e ) bre$+4 ,,note4--,s9ce ! rem>ks on ! neglect ( v5tilation 7 put 9 type1 my att5tion has be5 call$ by ,hon4 ,m4 ,p4 ,wild]1 ( ,dor*e/]1 to an article on ! same subject1 9 ! ,nov4 numb] ( ! ,horticulturi/1 = #ahej1 f ! p5 ( ! lam5t$ ,d[n+4 ,x seems to h be5 writt5 %ortly aft] 8 return f ,europe1 & :5 he mu/ h be5 mo/ deeply impress$ by ! w(ul contra/1 9 po9t ( physical heal? betwe5 ! wom5 ( ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,:ile he speaks 9 j & !re=e gl[+ t]ms ( ! virtues ( our c\ntrywom51 he says3 ,b 9 ! signs ( physical heal? & all t con/itutes ! outw>d aspect ( ! m5 & wom5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 our c\ntrym5 & especially c\ntrywom51 comp>e mo/ unfavorably ) all b ! absolutely />v+ classes on ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,close /oves he has mo/ appropriately /yl$ little demons1 & impure air ,! favorite poison ( ,am]ica4 ,8 article concludes z foll[s3 ,pale c\ntrym5 & c\ntrywom5 r\se y\rselves6 ,consid] t ,god has giv5 u an atmosph]e ( pure heal?-giv+ air #de miles high1 & v5tilate y\r h\ses4 ,,footnotes3 #ae ,! beautiful op5 or ,frankl9 /oves1 manufactur$ by ,messrs4 ,jagg]1 ,treadwell & ,p]ry1 ( ,albany1 des]ve ! highe/ comm5dation3 !y economize fuel z well z life & heal?4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,natural ,,sw>m+1 ,,& ,,hiv+ ,,( ,,sw>ms4 ,! sw>m+ ( bees has be5 ju/ly reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ beautiful sights 9 ! :ole compass ( rural economy4 ,al?\gh1 = reasons :i* w h]eaft] be assign$1 ,i pref] to rely *iefly on artificial means = ! multiplication ( colonies1 ,i %\ld be v unwill+ to pass a season )\t p>ticipat+1 to "s ext5t1 9 ! pleas+ excitem5t ( natural sw>m+4 ,up m\nts ! *ief1 & to ! *eat$ eye ,t5 ?\s& %uttles d>t along ! sky2 ,z swift ?r\gh !r rise ! ru%+ sw>ms1 ,gay danc+ to ! beam _! sun-bright =ms2 ,& ea* ?9 =m1 /ill l+'r+ on ! sight1 ,trails1 z x %oots1 a l9e ( silv] light4 ,high pois'd on buoyant w+1 ! ?\ghtful que51 ,9 gaze att5tive1 views ! v>i$ sc5e1 ,& soon h] f>-fet*'d k5 disc]ns bel[ ,! light laburnum lift h] poli%'d br[1 ,wave h] gre5 leafy r+lets o'er ! glade1 ,& seem to beckon to h] fri5dly %ade4 ,swift z ! falcon's sweep1 ! mon>* b5ds ,h] flight abrupt2 ! foll[+ ho/ desc5ds4 ,r\nd ! f9e twig1 l clu/]'d grapes1 !y close ,9 ?ick5+ wrea?s1 & c\rt a %ort repose4 ,evans4 ,! sw>m+ ( bees1 by mak+ provision = ! con/ant multiplication ( colonies1 0 und\bt$ly int5d$ bo? to gu>d ! insect aga9/ ! possibility ( ext9ction1 & to make its labors 9 ! highe/ degree useful to man4 ,! laws ( reproduction 9 ^? insects :i* d n live 9 regul> colonies1 are su* z to secure an ample increase ( numb]s4 ,! same is true 9 ! case ( hornets1 wasps & humble-bees :i* live 9 colonies only dur+ ! w>m wea!r4 ,9 ! ,fall ( ! ye>1 all ! males p]i%1 :ile ! impregnat$ females retreat into w9t] qu>t]s & rema9 dormant1 until ! w>m wea!r re/ores !m to activity1 & ea* "o becomes ! "m ( a new family4 ,! honey bee diff]s f all ^! insects1 9 be+ compell$1 by ! laws ( its physical organization1 to live 9 communities1 dur+ ! entire ye>4 ,! balmy breezes ( ,spr+ w quickly ?aw out ! froz5 ve9s ( a torpid ,wasp2 b ! bee is incapable ( endur+ ev5 a mod]ate degree ( cold3 a temp]ature z l[ z #ej spe$ily *ills x1 & x w\ld be q z easy to recall to life ! /iff5$ corpses 9 ! *>nel h\se ( ! ,conv5t ( ! ,great ,/4 ,b]n>d1 z to re/ore to animation1 a froz5 bee4 ,9 cool wea!r1 !y mu/ !re=e associate 9 l>ge numb]s1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! animal heat :i* is necess>y to _! pres]vation2 & ! =mation ( new colonies1 aft] ! mann] ( wasps & hornets1 is cle>ly impossible4 ,if ! "y que5s left ! p>5t /ock 9 ,summ]1 & 7 able1 l ! "m-wasps1 to lay ! f\ndations ( a new colony1 !y c\ld n ma9ta9 ! w>m? requisite = ! developm5t ( _! "y1 ev5 if !y 7 able1 )\t any baskets on _! ?ighs1 to ga!r bee-bread = _! support4 ,if all ^! difficulties 7 surm\nt$1 !y w\ld /ill be unable to amass any treasures = our use1 or ev5 to lay up ! /ores requisite = _! own pres]vation4 ,h[ admirably are all ^! difficulties obviat$ by ! pres5t arrangem5t6 ,_! domicile is well suppli$ ) all ! mat]ials = ! re>+ ( brood1 & long be=e any ( ! insects :i* dep5d ^u ! heat ( ! sun1 are able to comm5ce bre$+1 ! bees h add$ ?\s&s 9 ! full vigor ( y\? to _! already num]\s population4 ,!y are ?us able to s5d (f 9 season1 colonies suffici5tly p[]ful to take advantage ( ! honey-h>ve/1 & provision ! new hive aga9/ ! approa* ( ,w9t]4 ,f ^! consid]ations1 x is v evid5t t sw>m+1 s f> f be+1 z "s ,api>ians h consid]$ x1 a =c$ or unnatural ev5t1 is "o1 :i* 9 a /ate ( nature1 c\ld n possibly be disp5s$ )4 ,let u n[ inquire "u :at circum/ances x ord9>ily takes place4 ,! "t :5 sw>ms may be expect$1 dep5ds ( c\rse1 ^u climate1 season1 & ! /r5g? ( ! /ocks4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn & ,middle ,/ates1 bees seldom sw>m be=e ! latt] "p ( ,may2 & ,june may be consid]$ z ! great sw>m+ mon?4 ,! importance ( hav+ p[]ful sw>ms e>ly 9 ! season1 w be discuss$ 9 ano!r place4 ,9 ! ,spr+1 z soon z a hive well fill$ ) comb & bees1 becomes too mu* cr[d$ to accommodate its teem+ population1 ! bees beg9 ! necess>y prep>ations = emigration4 ,a numb] ( royal cells are comm5c$ ab\t ! "t t ! drones fir/ make _! appe>ance2 & by ! "t t ! "y que5s arrive at maturity1 ! drones are always f\nd 9 ! greate/ abundance4 ,! fir/ sw>m is inv>iably l$ (f by ! old que51 unless %e has previ\sly di$ f accid5t or disease1 9 :i* case1 x is accompani$ by "o ( ! "y que5s re>$ to supply h] loss4 ,! old "m leaves soon aft] ! royal cells are seal$ ov]1 unless delay$ by unfavorable wea!r4 ,!re are no signs f :i* ! ,api>ian c1 ) c]ta9ty1 pr$ict ! issue ( a fir/ sw>m4 ,i devot$ annually1 mu* att5tion to ?is po9t1 va9ly hop+ to discov] "s infallible indications ( fir/ sw>m+2 until taught by fur!r reflection t1 f ! v nature ( ! case1 !re c be no su* indications4 ,! bees1 f an unfavorable /ate ( ! wea!r1 or ! failure ( ! blossoms to yield an abundant supply ( honey1 (t5 *ange _! m9ds1 & refuse to sw>m1 ev5 aft] all _! prep>ations h be5 complet$4 ,nay m1 !y sometimes s5d out no new colonies t season1 :5 a sudd5 *ange ( wea!r has int]rupt$ !m on ! v day :5 !y 7 int5d+ to emigrate1 & aft] !y _h tak5 a full supply ( honey = _! j\rney4 ,if on a fair1 w>m day 9 ! sw>m+ season1 b few bees leave a /rong hive1 :ile o!r colonies are busily at "w1 we may1 unless ! wea!r sudd5ly prove unfavorable1 look ) great confid5ce = a sw>m4 ,z ! old que5s1 :i* accompany ! fir/ sw>m1 are heavy ) eggs1 & fly ) consid]able difficulty1 !y are %y ( v5tur+ out1 except on fair1 /ill days4 ,if ! wea!r is v sultry1 a sw>m w sometimes issue z e>ly z #g o'clock 9 ! morn+2 b f #aj to #b1 is ! usual "t1 & ! majority ( sw>ms come (f f #aa to #a4 ,occasionally1 a sw>m w v5ture out z late z #e ,p4 ,m4 ,an old que5 is seldom guilty ( su* a piece ( indiscretion4 ,i h 9 repeat$ in/ances witness$ ! :ole process ( sw>m+1 9 my obs]v+ hives4 ,on ! day fix$ = _! dep>ture1 ! que5 appe>s to be v re/less1 & in/ead ( deposit+ h] eggs 9 ! cells1 %e travels ov] ! combs1 & communicates h] agitation to ! :ole colony4 ,! emigrat+ bees fill !mselves ) honey1 "s "t be=e _! dep>ture3 9 "o in/ance1 ,i notic$ !m lay+ 9 _! supplies1 m ?an two h\rs be=e !y left4 ,a %ort "t be=e ! sw>m rises1 a few bees may g5]ally be se51 sport+ 9 ! air1 ) _! heads turn$ always to ! hive1 occasionally fly+ 9 & out1 z ?\gh !y 7 impati5t = ! important ev5t to take place4 ,at l5g?1 a v viol5t agitation comm5ces 9 ! hive3 ! bees appe> almo/ frantic1 :irl+ ar\nd 9 a circle1 :i* cont9ually enl>ges1 l ! circles made by a /one ?r[n into /ill wat]1 until at la/ ! :ole hive is 9 a /ate ( ! greate/ f]m5t1 & ! bees ru% impetu\sly to ! entrance1 & p\r =? 9 "o /eady /ream4 ,n a bee looks beh9d1 b ea* "o pu%es /raight ahead1 z ?\gh fly+ = de> life1 or urg$ on by "s invisible p[]1 9 its headlong c>e]4 ,! que5 (t5 does n come out1 until a l>ge numb] h left1 & %e is frequ5tly s heavy1 f ! l>ge numb] ( eggs 9 h] ov>ies1 t %e falls to ! gr\nd1 incapable ( ris+ ) ! colony into ! air4 ,! bees are v soon aw>e ( h] abs5ce1 & a mo/ int]e/+ sc5e may n[ be witness$4 ,a dilig5t se>* is imm$iately made = _! miss+ "m2 ! sw>m scatt]s 9 all directions1 & ,i h frequ5tly se5 ! leaves ( ! adjo9+ trees & bu%es1 almo/ z ?ickly cov]$ ) ! anxi\s explor]s1 z !y are ) drops ( ra9 aft] a copi\s %[]4 ,if %e _c be f\nd1 !y return to ! old hive1 ?\gh occasionally !y attempt to ent] "s o!r hive1 or jo9 !mselves to ano!r sw>m if any is /ill unhiv$4 ,! r++ ( bells1 & beat+ ( kettles & fry+-pans1 is "o ( ! good old ways m honor$ by ! brea* ?an ! obs]vance2 x may answ] a v good purpose 9 amus+ ! *ildr51 b ,i believe t z f> z ! bees are conc]n$1 x is all "t ?r[n away2 & t x is n a :it m efficaci\s ?an ! cu/om practic$ by "s savage tribes1 :o1 :5 ! sun is eclips$1 imag9+ t x has be5 swall[$ by an enorm\s dragon1 resort to ! mo/ frightful noises1 to compel 8 snake-%ip to disgorge _! favorite lum9>y4 ,if a sw>m has select$ a new home previ\s to _! dep>ture1 no am\nt ( noise w ev] compel !m to alight1 b z soon z all ! bees :i* compose ! emigrat+ colony h left ! hive1 !y fly 9 a direct c\rse1 or bee-l9e1 to ! *os5 spot4 ,i h notic$ t :5 bees are mu* neglect$ by ^? :o pret5d to take c>e ( !m1 su* unc]emoni\s leave-tak+ is q common2 on ! contr>y1 :5 prop] att5tion is be/[$ on !m1 x seldom occurs4 ,x c seldom if ev] occur to ^? :o manage _! bees accord+ to my sy/em2 z ,i %all %[ 9 ! ,*apt] on ,artificial ,sw>m+4 ,if ! ,api>ian p]ceives t 8 sw>m in/ead ( clu/]+ beg9s to rise high] & high] 9 ! air1 & evid5tly means to dep>t1 n a mom5t is to be lo/3 in/ead ( empty noises1 he mu/ resort to means mu* m effective to /ay _! vagrant prop5sities4 ,h&fulls ( dirt ca/ into ! air1 or wat] ?r[n among !m1 w (t5 s disorganize !m z to compel !m to alight4 ,( all devices = /opp+ !m1 ! mo/ orig9al "o t ,i h ev] he>d (1 is to fla% ! sun's rays among !m1 by ! use ( a look+ glass6 ,i h nev] _h occasion to try x1 b ! anonym\s writ] :o recomm5ds x1 says t he nev] knew x to fail4 ,if !y are =cibly prev5t$ f elop+1 !n special c>e mu/ be tak5 or !y w be almo/ sure soon aft] hiv+1 to leave = _! select$ home4 ,! que5 %\ld be caught & conf9$ = sev]al days 9 a way :i* w be subsequ5tly describ$4 ,! same caution mu/ be ex]cis$1 :5 new sw>ms ab&on _! hive4 ,if ! que5 _c be caught1 & !re is reason to dread a des]tion1 ! bees may be c>ri$ into ! cell>1 & conf9$ 9 total d>kness1 until t[>ds sun-set ( ! ?ird day aft] !y sw>m$1 be+ suppli$ 9 ! mean "t ) wat] & honey to build _! combs4 ,if a colony decides to g1 !y look ^u ! hive 9 :i* !y are put z only a tempor>y /opp+ place1 & seldom tr\ble !mselves to build any comb 9 x4 ,if ! hive is s con/ruct$ z to p]mit inspection1 ,i c tell by a glance :e!r bees are disgu/$ ) _! new resid5ce1 & mean be=e long to cle> out4 ,!y n only refuse to "w ) t en]gy s *>act]i/ic ( a new sw>m1 b !y h a peculi> look :i* to ! exp]i5c$ eye at once proclaims ! fact t !y are /ay+ only ^u suff]ance4 ,_! v attitude1 hang+ z !y d ) a sort ( dogg$ or sup]cili\s air1 z ?\gh !y hat$ ev5 s mu* z to t\* _! dete/$ abode1 is equival5t to an op5 proclamation t !y mean to be (f4 ,my num]\s exp]im5ts 9 attempt+ f ! mom5t ( hiv+1 to make ! bees "w 9 obs]v+ hives expos$ to ! full light ( day1 in/ead ( keep+ !m z ,i n[ d 9 d>kness = sev]al days1 h made me q famili> ) all _! graceless1 d-no?+ proce$+s be=e _! dep>ture4 ,bees sometimes ab&on _! hives v e>ly 9 ! ,spr+1 or late 9 ,summ] or ,fall4 ,!y exhibit all ! appe>ance ( natural sw>m+2 b !y leave1 n because ! population is cr[d$1 b because x is ei!r s small1 or ! hive s de/itute ( supplies1 t !y are disc\rag$ or driv5 to desp]ation4 ,i once knew a colony to leave ! hive "u su* circum/ances1 on a spr+like day 9 ,decemb]6 ,!y seem to h a pres5tim5t t !y mu/ p]i% if !y /ay1 & in/ead ( await+ ! sure approa* ( fam9e1 !y sally out to see if some?+ _c be done to bett] _! condition4 ,at fir/ sight1 x seems /range t s provid5t an insect %\ld n always select a suitable domicile be=e v5tur+ on s important a /ep z to ab&on ! old home4 ,(t5 be=e !y are safely h\s$ aga91 !y are expos$ to p[]ful w9ds & dr5*+ ra9s1 :i* beat d[n & de/roy _m ( _! numb]4 ,i solve ?is problem 9 ! economy ( ! bee1 9 ! same mann] t ,i h solv$ s _m o!rs1 by consid]+ 9 :at way1 ?is arrangem5t conduces to ! advantage ( man4 ,! honey-bee w\ld h be5 ( comp>atively little s]vice to him1 if in/ead ( t>ry+ until he _h suffici5t "t to e/abli% !m 9 a hive 9 :i* to labor = him1 _! in/9ct impell$ !m to decamp1 )\t any delay1 f ! re/ra9ts ( dome/ication4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r ?+s1 we see t :at on a sup]ficial view1 appe>$ to be a v obvi\s imp]fection1 proves1 on clos] exam9ation1 to be a special contrivance to answ] important ends4 ,to return to our new sw>m4 ,! que5 sometimes alights fir/1 & sometimes jo9s ! clu/] aft] x has comm5c$ =m+4 ,x is a v r>e ?+ = ! bees ev] to clu/]1 unless ! que5 is ) !m2 & :5 !y d1 & yet aft]w>ds disp]se1 ,i believe t usually ! que51 aft] fir/ ris+ ) !m1 has be5 lo/ by fall+ into "s spot :]e %e is unnotic$ by ! bees4 ,9 two in/ances1 ,i p]=m$ ! foll[+ int]e/+ exp]im5t4 ,p]ceiv+ a hive 9 ! v act ( sw>m+1 ,i contract$ ! entrance s z to secure ! que5 :5 %e made h] appe>ance4 ,9 ea* case1 at lea/ "o ?ird ( ! bees came out1 be=e ! que5 pres5t$ h]self to jo9 !m4 ,:5 ,i p]ceiv$ t ! sw>m _h giv5 up _! se>* = h]1 & 7 beg9n+ to return to ! p>5t hive1 ,i plac$ h]1 ) h] w+s clipp$1 on ! limb ( a small ev]gre5 tree3 %e crawl$ to ! v top ( ! limb1 z if = ! purpose ( mak+ h]self z conspicu\s z possible4 ,a few bees notic$ h]1 & in/ead ( alight+1 d>t$ rapidly away2 9 a few seconds1 ! :ole colony 7 appris$ ( h] pres5ce1 flew 9 a d5se cl\d to ! spot1 & comm5c$ quietly clu/]+ ar\nd h]4 ,i h (t5 notic$ ! surpris+ rapidity ) :i* bees communicate ) ea* o!r1 :ile on ! w+4 ,telegraphic signals are h>dly m in/antane\s4 7,see ,*apt] on ! ,loss ( ! ,que547 ,t bees s5d out sc\ts to seek a suitable abode1 x seems to me1 c admit ( no s]i\s "q4 ,sw>ms h be5 trac$ to _! new home1 ei!r 9 _! flight directly f _! hive1 or f ! place :]e !y h clu/]$2 & x is evid5t1 t 9 su* in/ances1 !y h pursu$ ! mo/ direct c\rse4 ,n[ su* a precision ( flight to a t]ra incognita1 an unkn[n home1 w\ld pla9ly be impossible1 if "s ( _! numb] _h n previ\sly select$ ! spot1 s z to be compet5t to act z guides to ! re/4 ,! sight ( ! bees = di/ant objects1 is wond]fully acute1 & aft] ris+ to a suffici5t elevation1 !y c see ! prom95t objects 9 ! vic9ity ( _! int5d$ abode1 ev5 al?\gh !y may be sev]al miles di/ant4 ,:e!r ! bees s5d out _! sc\ts be=e or aft] sw>m+1 may admit ( m "q4 ,9 cases :]e ! colony flies )\t alight+1 to its new home1 !y are unque/ionably dispat*$ be=e sw>m+4 ,if ?is 7 _! usual c\rse1 !n we %\ld naturally expect all ! colonies to take ! same spe$y dep>ture4 ,or if1 = ! conv5i5ce ( ! que5 ov] fatigu$ by ! excitem5t ( sw>m+1 or = any o!r reason1 !y %\ld see fit to clu/]1 !n we %\ld expect t only a transi5t t>ry+ w\ld be all[$4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 !y (t5 rema9 until ! next day1 & in/ances ( a m protract$ delay are n unfrequ5t4 ,! cases :i* occur1 ( bees /opp+ 9 _! flight1 & clu/]+ aga9 on any conv5i5t object1 are n inconsi/5t ) ?is view ( ! subject2 = if ! wea!r is hot1 & ! sun %9es directly ^u !m1 !y w (t5 leave be=e !y h f\nd a suitable habitation2 & ev5 :5 !y are on ! way to _! new home1 ! que5 be+ heavy ) eggs1 & unaccu/om$ to fly1 is sometimes f we>9ess1 compell$ to alight1 & h] colony clu/]s ar\nd h]4 ,que5s1 "u su* circum/ances1 sometimes seem unwill+ to entru/ !mselves aga9 to _! w+s1 & ! poor bees attempt to lay ! f\ndations ( _! colony1 on f5ce rails1 hay-/acks1 or o!r mo/ unsuitable places4 ,i h be5 in=m$ by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,m4 ,zollick(f] ( ,philadelphia1 a v intellig5t & reliable obs]v]1 t he knew a sw>m to settle on a will[ tree 9 t city1 9 a lot own$ by ! ,p5nsylvania ,hospital2 x rema9$ !re = sometime1 & ! boys pelt$ x ) /ones1 to get possession ( its comb & honey4 ,! absolute necessity = sc\ts or explor]s1 is evid5t f all ! facts 9 ! case1 unless we admit t bees h ! faculty ( fly+ 9 an air-l9e to a holl[ tree1 or "s suitable abode :i* !y h nev] se51 ?\gh !y _c f9d _! hive1 if1 9 _! abs5ce1 x is mov$ only a few rods f its =m] position4 ,^! obvi\s consid]ations are abundantly confirm$ by ! repeat$ in/ances 9 :i* a few bees h be5 notic$ pry+ v inquisitively into a hole 9 a holl[ tree or ! cornice ( a build+1 & h be5 succe$$1 be=e long1 by a :ole colony4 ,! importance ( ^! rem>ks w be m obvi\s1 :5 ,i come to discuss ! prop] mode ( hiv+ bees4 ,hav+ describ$ ! common me?od ( proc$ure pursu$ by ! new sw>m1 :5 left )\t int]f]5ce to _! natural in/9cts1 x is "t to return to ! p>5t /ock f :i* !y emigrat$4 ,9 witness+ ! imm5se numb] :i* h ab&on$ x1 we might naturally suppose t x mu/ be almo/ entirely depopulat$4 ,x is sometimes ass]t$ t z bees sw>m 9 ! pleasante/ "p ( ! day1 ! population is repl5i%$ by ! return ( l>ge numb]s ( work]s t 7 abs5t 9 ! fields2 ?is1 h[ev]1 c seldom be ! case1 z x is r>e = _m bees to be abs5t f ! hive at ! "t ( sw>m+4 ,to ^? :o limit ! f]tility ( ! que5 to #bjj1 or at mo/ #djj eggs p] day1 ! rapid repl5i%+ ( ! hive aft] sw>m+1 mu/ ev] be a problem incapable ( solution2 b to ^? :o h ocul> demon/ration t %e c lay f "o to ?ree ?\s& eggs a day1 x is no my/]y at all4 ,a suffici5t numb] ( bees is always left beh9d1 to c>ry on ! dome/ic op]ations ( ! hive1 & z ! old que5 dep>ts only :5 ! population ( ! hive is sup]-abundant2 & :5 ?\s&s ( "y bees are hat*+ daily1 & (t5 #cj1jjj or m1 are rapidly matur+1 9 a %ort "t ! hive is almo/ z popul\s z x 0 be=e sw>m+4 ,^? :o ass]t t ! new colony is compos$ ( "y bees :i* h be5 =c$ to emigrate by ! old] ones1 h c]ta9ly fail$ to use _! eyes to mu* advantage1 or !y w\ld h se51 9 hiv+ a new sw>m1 t x is compos$ ( bo? "y & old2 "s1 hav+ w+s ragg$ f h>d "w1 :ile o!rs are evid5tly q "y4 ,aft] ! tumult ( sw>m+ is entirely ov]1 n a bee t did n p>ticipate 9 x1 seeks aft]w>ds to jo9 ! new colony1 & n "o t did1 seeks to return4 ,:at det]m9es "s to g1 & o!rs to /ay1 we h no c]ta9 means ( kn[+4 ,h[ wond]fully abid+ ! impression made ^u an insect1 :i* 9 a mom5t causes x to lose all its /rong affection = ! old home 9 :i* x 0 br$1 & :i* x has ent]$1 p]haps hundr$s ( times2 s t :5 e/abli%$ 9 ano!r hive1 ?\gh only a few feet di/ant1 x nev] aft]w>ds pays ! slighte/ att5tion to its =m] abode6 ,(t51 :5 ! hive into :i* ! new sw>m is put1 is n remov$ f ! place :]e ! bees 7 hiv$1 until "s h gone to ! fields1 on _! return1 !y fly = h\rs1 9 ceaseless circles ab\t ! spot :]e ! miss+ hive /ood4 ,i h (t5 kn[n !m to cont9ue ! va9 se>* = _! companions until !y h1 at l5g?1 dropp$ d[n f utt] exhau/ion1 & p]i%$ 9 close proximity to _! old homes6 ,x has be5 already /at$ t ! old que51 if ! wea!r is favorable1 g5]ally leaves ab\t ! "t t ! "y que5s are seal$ ov]1 to be *ang$ into nymphs4 ,9 ab\t eight days m1 "o ( ^! que5s hat*es1 & ! "q mu/ n[ be decid$ :e!r any m colonies are to be s5t out t season1 or n4 ,if ! hive is well fill$ ) bees1 & ! season 9 all respects promis+1 ?is "q is g5]ally decid$ 9 ! affirmative2 al?\gh colonies (t5 refuse to sw>m m ?an once :5 !y are v /rong1 & :5 we c assign no reason = su* a c\rse2 & !y sometimes sw>m repeat$ly1 to ! utt] ru9 ( bo? ! old /ock1 & ! aft]-sw>ms4 ,if ! bees decide to sw>m aga91 ! fir/ hat*$ que5 is all[$ to h h] own way4 ,%e ru%es imm$iately to ! cells ( h] si/]s1 &1 7z 0 describ$ 9 ! ,*apt] on ,physiology17 /+s !m to dea?4 ,f "s obs]vations t ,i h made1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! o!r bees aid h] 9 ?is murd]\s transaction3 !y c]ta9ly te> op5 ! cradles ( ! slaught]$ innoc5ts1 & remove !m f ! cells4 ,_! dead bodies may (t5 be f\nd on ! gr\nd 9 front ( ! hive4 ,:5 a que5 has em]g$ 9 ! natural way f h] cell1 ! bees usually nibble away ! n[ useless abode1 until only a small acorn cup rema9s2 b :5 by viol5ce %e has met ) an untimely end1 !y take d[n entirely ! :ole ( ! cell4 ,by c\nt+ ^! acorn-cups1 x c always be asc]ta9$ h[ _m "y que5s h hat*$ 9 a hive4 ,be=e ! que5s em]ge f _! cells1 a flutt]+ s\nd is frequ5tly he>d1 :i* is caus$ by ! rapid motion ( _! w+s1 & :i* mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! pip+ notes :i* w soon be describ$4 ,if ! bees ( ! p>5t /ock decide to sw>m aga91 ! fir/ hat*$ que5 is prev5t$ f kill+ ! o!rs4 ,a /rong gu>d is kept ov] _! cells1 & z (t5 z %e approa*es !m ) murd]\s int5t1 %e is bitt51 or o!rwise rudely treat$1 & giv5 to und]/& by ! mo/ unc\rti]-l demon/rations1 t %e _c1 9 all ?+s1 d j z %e pleases4 ,:5 ?us repuls$1 l m5 & wom5 :o _c h _! own way1 %e is highly (f5d$ & utt]s an angry s\nd1 giv5 =? 9 a quick succession ( notes1 & :i* s\nds n unlike ! rapid utt]ance ( ! words1 peep1 peep4 ,i h frequ5tly1 by hold+ a que5 9 ! clos$ h&1 caus$ h] to make ! same noise4 ,to ?is angry note1 "o or m ( ! que5s /ill unhat*$1 w respond1 9 a some:at ho>s] key1 j z *ick5-cocks1 by cr[+1 bid defiance to ea* o!r4 ,^! s\nds are entirely unlike ! usual /eady hum ( ! bees1 & :5 he>d1 are ! almo/ infallible indications t a second sw>m w soon issue4 ,!y are occasionally s l\d t !y may be he>d at "s di/ance f ! hive4 ,ab\t a week aft] fir/ sw>m+1 ! ,api>ian %\ld1 e>ly 9 ! morn+ or at ev5+1 :5 ! bees are /ill1 place 8 e> aga9/ ! hive1 & he w1 if ! que5s are pip+1 readily recognize _! peculi> s\nds4 ,if _! notes are n he>d1 at ! v late/1 sixte5 days aft] ! dep>ture ( ! fir/ sw>m1 by :i* "t ! "y que5s are mature1 ev5 if ! fir/ colony left z soon z ! eggs 7 deposit$ 9 ! royal cells1 x is an infallible indication t ! fir/ hat*$ que5 is )\t rivals 9 ! hive1 & t sw>m+ is ov]1 9 t /ock1 = ! season4 ,! second sw>m usually issues on ! second or ?ird day aft] ?is s\nd is he>d3 al?\gh ,i h kn[n !m to delay com+ out1 until ! fif? day1 9 consequ5ce ( a v unfavorable /ate ( ! wea!r4 ,occasionally1 ! wea!r is s unfavorable1 t ! bees p]mit ! olde/ que5 to kill ! o!rs1 & refuse to sw>m aga94 ,?is is a r>e occurr5ce1 z ! "y que5s1 unlike ! old ones1 d n appe> to be v p>ticul> ab\t ! wea!r1 & sometimes v5ture out1 n m]ely :5 x is cl\dy1 b ev5 :5 ra9 is fall+4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 if a v close wat* is n kept1 !y are (t5 lo/4 ,z pip+ ord9>ily comm5ces ab\t eight or n9e days aft] fir/ sw>m+1 ! second sw>m g5]ally issues t5 or twelve days aft] ! fir/4 ,x has be5 kn[n to issue z e>ly z ! ?ird day aft] ! fir/1 & z late z ! sev5te5?4 ,su* cases1 h[ev]1 are ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s 9 ! agitation ( sw>m+1 t sev]al ( ! "y que5s em]ge f _! cells at ! same "t1 & accompany ! colony3 :5 ?is is ! case1 ! bees (t5 alight 9 two or m sep>ate clu/]s4 ,"y que5s n hav+ _! ov>ies burd5$ ) eggs1 are mu* m quick on ! w+1 ?an old ones1 & fly frequ5tly mu* f>!r f ! p>5t /ock1 be=e !y alight2 ?\gh ,i nev] knew a second sw>m to dep>t to ! woods )\t clu/]+ at all4 ,aft] ! dep>ture ( a second sw>m1 ! olde/ ( ! rema9+ que5s leaves h] cell2 & if ano!r sw>m is to be s5t =?1 pip+ w /ill be he>d1 & s be=e ! issue ( ea* sw>m aft] ! fir/4 ,i once _h five /ocks issue f "o sw>m1 & !y all came out 9 ab\t two weeks4 ,9 w>m latitudes m ?an twice ?is numb] ( sw>ms h be5 kn[n to issue 9 "o season f a s+le /ock4 ,! ?ird sw>m commonly makes its appe>ance on ! second or ?ird day aft] ! second sw>m1 & ! o!rs1 at int]vals ( ab\t a day4 ,aft]-sw>ms1 or ca/s1 7^! names are giv5 to all sw>ms aft] ! fir/17 r$uce v s]i\sly ! /r5g? ( ! p>5t /ock2 = aft] ! dep>ture ( ! old que51 no m eggs are deposit$ 9 ! cells1 until all sw>m+ is ov]4 ,x is a v wise arrangem5t t ! second sw>m does n ord9>ily issue until all ! eggs left by ! fir/ que5 are hat*$1 & ! "y f$ & seal$ ov]1 s z to require no fur!r c>e4 ,! dep>ture ( ! second sw>m e>li] ?an ?is1 w\ld leave too few labor]s to att5d to ! wants ( ! "y bees4 ,z x is1 if ! wea!r aft] sw>m+1 sudd5ly becomes *illy1 & ! hives are ?9 & admit too mu* air1 ! bees are too mu* r$uc$ 9 numb]s1 to ma9ta9 ! heat requisite = ! prop] developm5t ( ! brood1 & numb]s are de/roy$4 ,9 ! ,*apt] on ,artificial ,sw>m+1 ,i %all discuss ! effect ( too frequ5t sw>m+1 on ! pr(its ( ! ,api>y4 ,if ! bee-keep] desires to h no ca/s1 he c1 by ! use ( my hives1 v easily1 prev5t _! issue4 ,z soon z ! fir/ sw>m is hiv$1 ! p>5t /ock may be op5$1 & all ! que5 cells except "o remov$4 ,h[ mu* bett] ?is is1 ?an to attempt to return ! aft]-sw>ms to ! p>5t hive1 c only be appreciat$ by "o :o has ?or\ghly tri$ bo? plans4 ,if ! ,api>ian desires ! mo/ rapid multiplication ( colonies possible1 :]e natural sw>m+ is reli$ on1 full directions w be furni%$1 9 ! sequel1 = build+ up all aft]-sw>ms1 h[ev] small1 into vigor\s /ocks4 ,x w be rememb]$ t bo? ! p>5t /ock f :i* ! sw>m issues1 & all ! colonies except ! fir/1 h a "y que54 ,^! que5s nev] leave ! hive = impregnation1 until aft] !y h be5 e/abli%$ z ! ackn[l$g$ heads ( indep5d5t families4 ,!y g5]ally g out = ?is purpose1 ! fir/ pleasant day aft] !y are ?us ackn[l$g$1 e>ly 9 ! aft]noon1 at :i* h\r ! drones are fly+ 9 ! greate/ numb]s4 ,on fir/ leav+ _! hive1 !y always fly ) _! heads turn$ t[>ds x1 & ent] & dep>t (t5 sev]al times be=e !y f9ally so> up into ! air4 ,su* precautions on ! "p ( a "y que51 are highly necess>y t %e may n mi/ake h] own hive on h] return1 & lose h] life by attempt+ to ent] t ( ano!r colony4 ,mi/akes ( ?is k9d are frequ5tly made :5 ! hives /& ne>1 & closely resemble ea* o!r1 & are fatal1 n only to ! que51 b to h] :ole colony4 ,9 ! new hive !re is no brood at all1 & 9 ! old "o x is too f> advanc$ t[>ds maturity to answ] = rais+ new que5s4 ,su* calamities1 9 my hive1 admit ( a v easy rem$y1 z ,i %all %[ 9 ! ,*apt] on ! ,loss ( ! ,que54 ,to gu>d ! "y que5 aga9/ su* frequ5t mi/akes1 ,i pa9t ! cov]$ fronts ( my hives1 ) ! alight+ bo>ds1 & blocks gu>d+ ! entrance1 ( diff]5t colors4 ,?is answ]s ! same purpose z to pa9t ! :ole surface ( ! boxes1 "s ( "o color1 & "s ( ano!r4 ,! only prop] color = a hive :5 expos$ to ! wea!r1 is a p]fect :ite2 any %ade ( color w absorb ! heat ( ! sun1 s z to w>p ! wood-"w ( ! hive1 besides expos+ ! bees to a p5t & suffocat+ heat4 ,:5 a "y que5 leaves ! hive = ! purpose above m5tion$1 ! bees1 on miss+ h]1 are (t5 fill$ ) al>m1 & ru% f ! hive1 j z ?\gh !y 7 int5d+ to sw>m4 ,_! agitation soon calms d[n1 if %e returns to !m 9 safety4 ,i %all give ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,lat9 tongue1 "s /atem5ts :i* are important only to ! sci5tific naturali/1 & entomologi/4 ,po/ coitum fucus /atim p]it4 ,p5is ejectio1 ut ego comp]i1 l5em compressionem fuci v5tris1 consequitur2 et fucus extemplo similis fulm9e tacto1 moritur4 ,dom9us ,hub] spe videbat fuci organum po/ congressum1 9 corpore fem9 hsisse4 ,vidi semel tam firme inhr5s1 ut nisi disruptione reg9 v5tris1 non possim divell]e4 ,! que5 comm5ces lay+ eggs1 ab\t two days aft] impregnation1 & = ! fir/ season1 lays none b ! eggs ( work]s2 no males be+ ne$$ 9 colonies :i* w ?r[ no sw>m till ano!r season4 ,x is seldom until aft] %e has comm5c$ repl5i%+ ! cells ) eggs1 t %e is treat$ ) any special att5tion by ! bees2 al?\gh if depriv$ ( h] be=e ?is "t1 !y %[1 by _! despair1 t !y ?or\ghly compreh5d$ h] va/ importance to _! welf>e4 ,i %all n[ give su* practical directions = ! easy hiv+ ( sw>ms1 z w1 ,i tru/1 greatly facilitate ! :ole op]ation1 n m]ely to ! novice1 b ev5 to _m exp]i5c$ bee-keep]s2 & ,i %all try to make ^! directions suffici5tly m9ute1 to guide ^? :o hav+ nev] se5 a sw>m hiv$1 are v apt to imag9e t ! process mu/ be a =midable "o1 in/ead ( be+1 z x usually is to ^? :o are fond ( bees1 a mo/ delightful ent]ta9m5t4 ,exp]i5ce 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r ?+s1 w spe$ily give ! requisite skill & confid5ce2 & ! cry ( ! bees are sw>m+1 w soon be hail$ ) great] pleasure ?an an invitation to ! mo/ sumptu\s banquet4 ,! hives = ! new sw>ms %\ld all be 9 read9ess be=e ! sw>m+ season beg9s1 & %\ld be pa9t$ long en\gh be=eh&1 to h ! pa9t mo/ ?or\ghly dri$4 ,! smell ( fre% pa9t is well kn[n to be exce$+ly injuri\s to human be+s1 & is su* an abom9ation to ! bees1 t !y w (t5 des]t a new hive soon] ?an put up ) x4 ,if ! hives _c be pa9t$ 9 ample season1 !n su* pa9ts %\ld be us$1 z conta9 no :ite lead1 & !y %\ld be mix$ 9 su* a mann] z to dry z quickly z possible4 ,?9 hives ought nev] to /& 9 ! sun1 & !n1 :5 heat$ to an insuff]able degree1 be us$ = a new sw>m4 ,bees (t5 refuse to ent] su* hives at all1 & at be/1 are v sl[ 9 tak+ possession ( !m4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 t bees1 :5 !y sw>m1 are greatly excit$1 & unnaturally heat$4 ,! temp]ature ( ! hive1 at ! mom5t ( sw>m+1 rises v sudd5ly1 & _m ( ! bees are (t5 dr5*$ ) su* a pr(use p]spiration t !y are unable to take w+ & jo9 ! dep>t+ colony4 ,! attempt to make bees ent] a heat$ hive 9 a blaz+ sun1 is z irrational z x w\ld be to try to =ce a pant+ cr[d ( human be+s into ! suffocat+ atmosph]e ( a close g>ret4 ,if bees are to be put 9 hives ?r\gh :i* ! heat ( ! sun c p5etrate1 ! process %\ld be accompli%$ 9 ! %ade1 or if ?is _c conv5i5tly be done1 ! hive %\ld be cov]$ ) a %eet1 or %ad$ ) leafy b\ghs4 ,if a hive ) my movable frames is us$1 ^! %\ld all be furni%$1 or at lea/1 e o!r "o1 ) a small piece ( work]-comb1 atta*$ to ! c5t] ( ! frame1 ) melt$ wax or ros94 ,)\t su* a guide comb1 ! bees w almo/ always "w "s ( ! combs out ( ! true direction1 & ?is w int]f]e ) _! easy removal4 ,a %eet ( comb1 n l>g] ?an five in*es squ>e1 w answ] = all ! frames ( "o hive4 ,if ev5 s small a piece ( comb z ?is _c be procur$1 let a ?9 l9e ( melt$ wax be drawn1 l5g?wise1 ov] ! middle ( ea* frame1 & let ! colony be exam9$1 on ! second day aft] hiv+1 & all ! frames :i* conta9 irregul> comb1 be remov$4 ,?is comb may be cut (f1 & atta*$ s z to s]ve z a prop] guide to ! bees4 ,! possession ( six frames conta9+ good work] comb1 & wr\ght ) p]fect accuracy1 may be made by ! foll[+ device1 to answ] a mo/ admirable end4 ,put !m into a hive ) six empty frames2 fir/ a frame ) comb1 !n an empty "o1 c4 ,aft] ! bees h _h possession ( ?is hive two or ?ree days1 visit !m1 & v politely in=m !m t ! full frames 7 int5d$ z a loan1 & n z a gift2 & t hav+ s]v$ to set !m an example h[ !y %\ld "w1 y mu/ n[ h !m to tea* o!r "y sw>ms ! same useful lesson2 & t ! new combs :i* !y h built ) su* admirable regul>ity1 are beautiful patt]ns = ! empty ones :i* y mu/ give !m4 ,9 ?is way1 ! same combs may be made to answ] = _m successive sw>ms4 ,drone combs %\ld nev] be atta*$ to ! frames z a guide1 unless x is desir$ to h ! bees foll[ ! patt]n1 & build l>ge ranges ( drone comb1 to bre$ a va/ horde ( useless consum]s4 ,su* comb1 if :ite1 may be us$ to great advantage 9 ! surplus honey-boxes2 if old & discolor$1 x %\ld be melt$ = wax4 ,i am n[ engag$ 9 a c\rse ( exp]im5ts1 :i* ,i hope1 w enable me to disp5se ) ! necessity ( guide-combs = my frames1 z !y are sometimes difficult to be procur$ by ^? :o h j comm5c$ bee-keep+4 ,z a g5]al ?+1 h[ev]1 e "o1 aft] a few weeks' exp]i5ce1 may h en\gh & to sp>e1 = su* purposes4 ,e piece ( good work]-comb1 if l>ge en\gh to be atta*$ to a frame1 %\ld be us$ bo? = its intr9sic value1 & because bees are s wond]fully pleas$ :5 !y f9d su* unexpect$ treasures 9 a hive1 t !y w seldom des]t x4 ,a new sw>m has be5 kn[n to take possession ( an old hive )\t any occupants1 b well /or$ ) comb4 ,?\gh doz5s ( empty hives may be 9 ! ,api>y1 !y nev] unless "u su* circum/ances1 ent] a hive1 ( _! own accord4 ,x might seem z ?\gh an in/9ct impell+ !m to d s1 w\ld h be5 a mo/ admirable "o1 & s d\btless1 x may seem to "s t x w\ld h be5 mu* bett] = man1 if ! e>? _h only br\ght =? spontane\sly all ?+s requisite = ! support ( man & bea/1 )\t any necessity = ! sweat ( ! br[4 ,! fir/ & la/ frames 9 my hive1 are plac$ ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* f ! ends1 & ! o!rs j half an in* ap>t4 ,:5 fir/ put 91 x w be advisable to atta* !m slightly ) a v little glue or melt$ wax1 to keep !m 9 _! places1 until !y are fa/5$ ) propolis1 by ! bees4 ,! rubb+ ( hives ) v>i\s k9ds ( h]bs or wa%es1 has always seem$ to me1 useless1 & (t5 positively injuri\s4 ,!re ought always to be "s small trees ne> ! hives1 on :i* ! sw>ms c clu/]1 & f :i* !y c be easily ga!r$4 ,if !re are none1 limbs ( trees ab\t six feet high1 7ev]gre5s are be/17 may be fa/5$ into ! gr\nd1 a few rods 9 front ( ! hives1 & !y w answ] a v good tempor>y purpose4 ,x w inspire ! inexp]i5c$ ,api>ian ) mu* great] confid5ce1 to rememb] t almo/ all ! bees 9 a sw>m1 h fill$ !mselves ) honey1 be=e leav+ ! p>5t /ock1 & are !re=e 9 a v peaceable mood4 ,if he is at all timid1 or liable1 z "s are1 to suff] sev]ely f ! /+ ( a s+le bee1 he %\ld1 by all means1 furni% himself ) ! protection ( a bee-dress4 7,see ,bee-,dress47 ,i %all1 9 ano!r place1 give ! be/ rem$ies = ! relief ( a /+4 ,z soon z ! bees h quietly clu/]$ ar\nd _! que51 prep>ation %\ld be made to hive !m )\t any unnecess>y delay4 ,! headlong ha/e ( "s ,api>ians1 :i*1 by ?r[+ !m into a pr(use p]spiration1 r5d]s !m v liable to be /ung1 is altoge!r unnecess>y4 ,! v fact t ! bees h clu/]$1 aft] leav+ ! p>5t /ock1 is almo/ equival5t to a c]ta9ty t !y w n leave1 = at lea/ "o or two h\rs4 ,all conv5i5t despat* %\ld be us$1 h[ev]1 le/ o!r colonies issue be=e ! fir/ "o is hiv$1 & attempt to add !mselves1 z !y frequ5tly d1 to ! fir/ sw>m4 ,! prop] c\rse to be pursu$1 9 su* a case1 w be subsequ5tly expla9$4 ,if my hives are us$1 ! entrance on ! :ole front mu/ be op5$1 s t ! bees may h e *ance to ent] z rapidly z possible2 & a %eet mu/ be fa/5$ to ! alight+-bo>d1 to keep ! bees f be+ sep>at$ f ea* o!r or soil$ by dirt1 = a bee ?or\ghly cov]$ ) du/ or dirt1 is almo/ sure to p]i%4 ,unless ! bees clu/] at a consid]able di/ance f ! place :]e !y are int5d$ to be p]man5tly /ation$1 ! new hive :i* receives !m may /& on ! ,protector 9 its prop] place1 ) ! %eet tack$ or p9n$ to ! alight+-bo>d1 & spread out ov] ! m\nd 9 front ( ! entrance4 ,if ! common hives are us$1 !y mu/ g5]ally be c>ri$ to ! sw>m1 & propp$ up on ! %eet1 s z to give ! bees a free admission4 ,:5 ! bees alight :]e !y c be easily rea*$ f ! gr\nd1 ! limb on :i* !y h clu/]$1 %\ld1 ) "o h&1 be %ak51 s t !y may g5tly fall into a basket held "u !m1 by ! o!r4 ,if ! basket is suffici5tly op5 to admit ! air freely1 & n s op5 z to all[ ! bees to get ?r\gh ! sides1 x w answ] all ! bett]4 ,! bees %\ld n[ be c>ri$ v sl[ly to _! new home1 & be g5tly %ak51 or p\r$ out1 on ! %eet1 9 front ( x4 ,if !y seem at all reluctant to ent]1 take up a few ( !m 9 a l>ge spoon1 7a cup w answ] equally well17 & %ake !m close to ! entrance4 ,z !y g 91 !y w fan ) _! w+s1 & raise a peculi> note1 :i* communicates ! joyful news t !y h f\nd a home1 to ! re/ ( _! companions2 & 9 a %ort "t1 ! :ole sw>m w ent]1 & !y are ?us safely hiv$1 )\t injury to a s+le bee4 ,:5 bees are once %ak5 d[n on ! %eet1 ! great mass ( !m are v unwill+ to take w+ aga92 = !y are load$ ) honey1 & l heavily arm$ troops1 !y desire to m>* sl[ly & s$ately to ! place ( encampm5t4 ,if ! %eet hangs 9 folds1 or is n /ret*$ out1 s z to pres5t an un9t]rupt$ surface1 !y are (t5 greatly confus$1 & take a long "t to f9d ! entrance to ! hive4 ,if x is desir$ to h !m ent] soon] ?an !y are sometimes incl9$ to d1 !y may be g5tly sep>at$1 ) a fea!r1 or leafy twig1 :5 !y clu/] 9 bun*es on ! %eet4 ,on fir/ %ak+ !m d[n into ! basket1 multitudes w aga9 take w+1 & multitudes m w be left on ! tree1 b !y w spe$ily =m a l9e ( communication ) ^? on ! %eet1 & ent] ! hive ) !m2 = _m ( !m w foll[ ! ,api>ian1 z he sl[ly c>ries ! basket to ! hive4 ,x sometimes happ5s t ! que5 is left on ! tree3 9 ?is case1 ! bees w ei!r refuse to ent] ! hive1 or if !y g 91 w spe$ily come out1 & all take w+ aga91 to jo9 _! que54 ,?is happ5s mu* m frequ5tly 9 ! case ( aft]-sw>ms1 ^: "y que5s1 in/ead ( exhibit+ ! gravity ( ! old matron1 are apt to be con/antly fly+ ab\t1 & frisk+ 9 ! air4 ,:5 ! bees clu/] aga9 on ! tree1 ! process ( hiv+ mu/ be repeat$4 ,if ! ,api>ian has a pair ( %>p prun+-%e>s1 & ! limb on :i* ! bees h clu/]$1 is ( no value1 & s small1 t x c be cut )\t j>r+ !m (f1 ?is may be done1 & ! bees c>ri$ on x & !n %ak5 (f on ! %eet4 ,if ! bees settle too high to be easily rea*$1 ! basket %\ld be fa/5$ to a pole1 & rais$ directly "u ! sw>m2 a quick motion ( ! basket w cause ! mass ( ! bees to fall into x1 :5 x may be c>ri$ to ! hive1 & ! bees p\r$ out f x on ! %eet4 ,if ! bees light on ! trunk ( a tree1 or any ?+ f :i* !y _c easily be ga!r$ 9 a basket1 place a leafy b\gh ov] !m1 7x may be fa/5$ ) a gimlet17 & if !y d n m\nt x ( _! own accord1 a little smoke w compel !m to d s4 ,if ! place is inaccessible1 & ?is is ab\t ! wor/ case t occurs1 !y w ent] a basket well %ad$ by cotton clo? fa/5$ ar\nd x1 & elevat$ s z to re/ ) its op5 top sideways to ! mass ( ! bees4 ,:5 small trees1 or limbs fa/5$ into ! gr\nd1 are plac$ ne> ! hives1 & !re are no l>ge trees ne>1 !re w seldom be f\nd any difficulty 9 hiv+ sw>ms4 ,if two sw>ms light toge!r1 ,i advise t !y %\ld be put into "o hive1 & abundant room at once be giv5 !m1 = /or+ surplus honey4 ,?is c always be readily done 9 my hives4 ,l>ge quantities ( honey are g5]ally obta9$ f su* /ocks1 if ! season is favorable1 & !y h issu$ e>ly4 ,if x is desir$ to sep>ate !m1 place 9 ea* ( ! hives :i* is to receive !m1 a comb conta9+ brood & eggs1 f :i*1 9 case ( necessity1 a new que5 may be rais$4 ,%ake a portion ( ! bees 9 front ( ea* hive1 spr9kl+ !m ?or\ghly1 bo? be=e & aft] !y are %ak5 out f ! basket1 s t !y w n take w+ to unite aga94 ,if possible1 secure ! que5s1 s t "o may be giv5 to ea* hive4 ,if ?is _c be done1 ! hives %\ld be exam9$ ! next day1 & if ! two que5s ent]$ ! same hive1 "o w h kill$ ! o!r1 & ! que5less hive w be f\nd build+ royal cells4 ,x %\ld be suppli$ ) a seal$ que5 ne>ly mature1 tak5 f ano!r hive1 n only to save "t1 b to prev5t !m f fill+ _! hive ) comb unfit = ! re>+ ( work]s4 7,see ,artificial ,sw>m+47 ,( c\rse1 ?is _c be done ) ! common hives1 & if ! ,api>ian does n succe$ 9 gett+ a que5 = ea* hive1 ! que5less "o w refuse to /ay1 & w g back to ! old /ock4 ,! old-fa%ion$ way ( hiv+ bees1 by m\nt+ trees1 cutt+ & l[]+ d[n l>ge limbs1 7(t5 to ! injury ( valuable trees17 & plac+ ! hive ov] ! bees1 frequ5tly cru%+ l>ge numb]s1 & endang]+ ! life ( ! que51 %\ld be entirely ab&on$4 ,a sw>m may be hiv$ 9 ! prop] way ) f> less risk & tr\ble1 & 9 mu* less "t4 ,9 l>ge ,api>ies manag$ on ! sw>m+ plan1 :]e a numb] ( sw>ms come out on ! same day1 & !re is con/ant dang] ( _! mix+1#af ! spe$y hiv+ ( sw>ms is an object ( great importance4 ,if ! new hive does n /& :]e x is to rema9 = ! season1 x %\ld be remov$ to its p]man5t /& z soon z ! bees h ent]$2 = if all[$ to rema9 to be remov$ 9 ! ev5+1 or e>ly next morn+1 ! sc\ts :i* h left ! clu/]1 9 se>* ( a holl[ tree1 w f9d ! bees :5 !y return1 & w (t5 entice !m f ! hive4 ,!re is ! great] dang] ( ?is1 if ! bees h rema9$ on ! tree1 a consid]able "t be=e !y 7 hiv$4 ,i h inv>iably f\nd t sw>ms :i* ab&on a suitable hive = ! woods1 h be5 hiv$ ne> ! spot :]e !y clu/]$1 & all[$ to rema9 to be mov$ 9 ! ev5+4 ,if ! bees sw>m e>ly 9 ! day1 !y w g5]ally beg9 to "w 9 a few h\rs 7or 9 less "t1 if !y h empty comb17 & _m m may be lo/ by return+ next day to ! place :]e !y 7 hiv$1 ?an w\ld be lo/1 by remov+ !m z soon z !y h ent]$2 9 ?is latt] case1 ! few t are on ! w+1 w g5]ally be able to f9d ! hive if x is sl[ly mov$ to its p]man5t /&4 ,if ! ,api>ian wi%es to secure ! que51 ! bees %\ld be %ak5 f ! hiv+ basket1 ab\t a foot f ! entrance to ! hive1 & if a c>eful look-out is kept1 %e w g5]ally be se5 z %e passes ov] ! %eet1 to ! entrance4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to bru% ! bees back f ! entrance :5 !y press =w>d 9 su* d5se masses t ! que5 is likely to ent] unnotic$4 ,an exp]i5c$ eye readily cat*es a glance ( h] peculi> =m & color4 ,%e may be tak5 up )\t dang]1 z %e nev] /+s1 unless engag$ 9 combat ) ano!r que54 ,z x w sometimes happ51 ev5 to c>eful bee-keep]s1 t sw>ms w come (f :5 no suitable hives are 9 read9ess to receive !m1 ,i %all %[ :at may be done 9 su* an em]g5cy4 ,take any old hive1 box1 cask1 or measure1 & hive ! bees 9 x1 plac+ !m ) suitable protection aga9/ ! sun1 :]e _! new hive is to /&2 :5 ?is is ready1 !y may1 by a quick j]k+ motion1 be easily %ak5 out on a %eet1 & hiv$ 9 x1 j z ?\gh !y 7 %ak5 f ! hiv+ basket4 ,if !y are to rema9 9 ! tempor>y hive ov] ! second day1 !y ought to be %ak5 out on a %eet1 & aft] _! comb is tak5 f !m1 all[$ to ent] x aga91 or else !re w be dang] ( cru%+ ! que5 by ! weight ( ! comb4 ,i h endeavor$1 ev5 at ! risk ( be+ t$i\s1 to give su* specific directions z w qualify ! novice to hive a sw>m ( bees1 "u almo/ any circum/ances2 = ,i "k ! necessity ( su* directions & h[ seldom !y are to be met )1 ev5 9 l>ge treatises on ,bee-,keep+4 ,vague or imp]fect directions always fail1 j at ! mom5t t ! inexp]i5c$ attempt to put !m into practice4 ,be=e leav+ ?is subject1 ,i w add to ! directions = hiv+ already giv51 a me?od :i* ,i h practic$ ) good success4 ,:5 ! situation ( ! bees does n admit ( ! basket be+ easily elevat$ to !m1 ! bee-keep] may c>ry x ) him to ! clu/]1 & !n aft] %ak+ ! bees into x1 may l[] x d[n by a /r+1 to an assi/ant /&+ bel[4 ,t ,natural ,sw>m+ may1 ) suitable hives1 be made highly pr(itable1 ,i _c = a mom5t "q4 ,z x is ! mo/ simple & obvi\s way ( multiply+ colonies1 & ! "o :i* requires ! lea/ am\nt ( k or skill1 x w und\bt$ly1 = _m ye>s at lea/1 be ! favorite me?od ) a l>ge numb] ( bee-keep]s4 ,i h !re=e1 be5 c>eful to furni% suitable directions = its successful practice2 & be=e ,i discuss ! "q ( ,artificial ,increase1 ,i %all %[ h[ x may be m pr(itably conduct$ ?an ev] be=e2 _m ( ! mo/ emb>rass+ difficulties 9 ! way ( its successful managem5t be+ readily obviat$ by ! use ( my hives4 #a4 ,! common hives fail to furni% adequate protection 9 ,w9t]1 aga9/ cold1 & ^? sudd5 *anges to unseasonable w>m?1 by :i* bees are tempt$ to come out & p]i% 9 l>ge numb]s on ! sn[2 & ! colonies are ?us prev5t$ f bre$+ on a l>ge scale1 z e>ly z !y o!rwise w\ld4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 !y c make no pr(itable use ( ! e>ly honey-h>ve/2 & !y w sw>m s late1 if !y sw>m at all1 z to h b little opportunity = lay+ up surplus honey1 :ile (t5 !y d n ga!r en\gh ev5 = _! own use1 & _! own] closes ! season by pur*as+ honey to pres]ve !m f />vation4 ,! way 9 :i* ,i give ! bees t am\nt ( protection 9 ,w9t]1 :i* conduces mo/ p[]fully to e>ly sw>m+1 has already be5 describ$ 9 ! ,*apt] on ,protection4 #b4 ,ano!r s]i\s objection to all ! ord9>y sw>m+ hives1 is ! vexati\s fact t if ! bees sw>m at all1 !y are liable to sw>m s (t5 z to de/roy ! value ( bo? ! p>5t /ock & ! aft]-sw>ms4 ,exp]i5c$ bee-keep]s obviate ?is difficulty1 by unit+ second sw>ms1 s z to make "o good colony out ( two2 & !y return to ! p>5t /ock all sw>ms aft] ! second1 & ev5 ?is if ! season is f> advanc$4 ,su* op]ations consume mu* "t1 & (t5 give mu* m tr\ble ?an !y are wor?4 ,by remov+ all ! que5 cells b "o1 aft] ! fir/ sw>m has left1 second sw>m+ 9 my hives w always be prev5t$2 & by remov+ all b two1 provision may be made = ! issue ( second sw>ms1 & yet all aft]-sw>m+ be prev5t$4 ,! process ( return+ aft]-sw>ms is n only objectionable1 on acc\nt ( ! "t x requires1 hav+ (t5 to be repeat$ aga9 & aga9 be=e "o que5 is all[$ to de/roy ! o!rs2 b x also causes a l>ge portion ( ! ga!r+ season to be wa/$2 = ! bees seem unwill+ to "w ) en]gy1 s long z ! pret5sions ( sev]al rival que5s are unsettl$4 #c4 ,ano!r v s]i\s objection to ,natural ,sw>m+1 z practic$ ) ! common hives1 is ! inability ( ! ,api>ian :o wi%es rapidly to multiply 8 colonies1 to aid 8 late & small sw>ms1 s z to build !m up into vigor\s /ocks4 ,! "t & money :i* are ord9>ily sp5t ^u small colonies1 are almo/ always ?r[n away2 by f> ! l>g] portion ( !m nev] survive ! ,w9t]1 & ! majority ( ^? t d1 are s enfeebl$1 z to be ( little or no value4 ,if !y escape be+ robb$ by /rong] /ocks1 or de/roy$ by ! mo?1 !y seldom recruit 9 season to sw>m1 & v (t5 ! fe$+ mu/ be repeat$1 ! second ,fall1 or !y w at la/ p]i%4 ,i d\bt n t _m ( my read]s w1 f _! own exp]i5ce1 endorse e ^w ( ^! rem>ks1 z true to ! v lett]4 ,all :o h ev] attempt$ to multiply colonies by nurs+ & fe$+ small sw>ms1 on ! ord9>y plans1 h f\nd x att5d$ ) no?+ b loss & vexation4 ,! m a man has ( su* /ocks1 ! poor] he is3 = by _! weakness1 !y are con/antly tempt+ 8 /rong sw>ms to evil c\rses2 s t at la/1 !y pref] to live z f> z !y c1 by /eal+1 r ?an by habits ( hone/ indu/ry2 & if ! feeble colonies escape be+ plund]$1 !y (t5 become m]e nurs]ies = rais+ a pl5tiful supply ( mo?s1 to ravage 8 :ole ,api>y4 ,i h already %[n1 9 :at way by ! use ( my hives1 ! smalle/ sw>ms t ev] issue1 may be s manag$ z to become p[]ful /ocks4 ,9 ! same way ! ,api>ian c easily /r5g!n all 8 colonies :i* are feeble 9 ,spr+4 #d4 ,z ! loss ( ! "y que5s 9 ! p>5t /ock aft] x has sw>m$1 & 9 ! aft]-sw>ms1 is a v common occurr5ce1 a hive :i* l m9e1 furni%es ! means ( easily rem$y+ ?is mis=tune1 w greatly promote ! success ( ^? :o practice natural sw>m+4 ,a v intellig5t bee-keep] once assur$ me1 t he mu/ use at lea/ "o su* hive 9 8 ,api>y1 = ?is purpose1 ev5 if 9 o!r respects x possess$ no sup]ior m]its4 #e4 ,bees1 z is well kn[n1 (t5 refuse to sw>m at all1 & mo/ ( ! sw>m+ hives are s con/ruct$1 t prop] accommodations = /or+ honey1 _c be furni%$ to ! sup]-abundant population4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 !y (t5 hang = sev]al mon?s1 9 black masses on ! outside ( ! hive2 & are worse ?an useless1 z !y consume ! honey :i* ! o!rs h ga!r$4 ,9 my hives1 an abundance ( room = /or+ honey c always be giv5 !m1 n all at once1 s z to prev5t !m f sw>m+1 b by degrees1 z _! necessities require3 s t if !y are indispos$1 = any reason to sw>m1 !y may h suitable receptacles easily accessible1 & furni%$ ) guide comb to make !m m attractive1 9 :i* to /ore up any am\nt ( honey t !y c possibly collect4 #f4 ,9 ! common hives1 b little c be done to dislodge ! bee-mo?1 :5 once x has ga9$ ! ma/]y ( ! bees2 :]eas 9 m9e1 x c be mo/ effectually root$ out :5 x has made a lodgm5t4 7,see ,rem>ks on ,bee-,mo?47 #g4 ,9 ! common hives1 no?+ c be done except ) great difficulty1 to remove ! old que5 :5 h] f]tility is impair$2 :]eas 9 my hives1 7z w be %[n 9 ! ,*apt] on ,artificial ,sw>m+17 ?is c easily be effect$1 s t an ,api>y may con/antly conta9 a /ock ( "y que5s1 9 ! full vigor ( _! re-productive p[]s4 ,i tru/ t ^! rem>ks w conv9ce intellig5t ,api>ians1 t ,i h n spok5 boa/fully or at r&om1 9 ass]t+ t natural sw>m+ c be c>ri$ on ) mu* great] c]ta9ty & success1 by ! use ( my hives1 ?an 9 any o!r way2 & t !y w see t _m ( ! mo/ p]plex+ emb>rassm5ts & mortify+ disc\ragem5ts "u :i* !y h hi!rto prosecut$ x1 may be effectually rem$i$4 ,,footnotes3 #af ,dr4 ,scudamore1 an ,engli% physician :o has writt5 a small tract on ! =mation ( artificial sw>ms1 says t he once knew z _m z t5 sw>ms g =? at once1 & settle & m+le toge!r1 =m+ lit]ally a mon/] meet+6 ,in/ances are on record ( a mu* l>g] numb] ( sw>ms clu/]+ toge!r4 ,a v5]able cl]gyman1 9 ,we/]n ,massa*usetts1 relat$ to me ! foll[+ rem>kable occurr5ce4 ,9 ! ,api>y ( "o ( 8 p>i%ion]s1 five sw>ms lit 9 "o mass4 ,z !re 0 no hive :i* w\ld hold !m1 a v l>ge box 0 r\ghly nail$ toge!r1 & ! bees 7 hiv$ 9 x4 ,!y 7 tak5 up by sulphur 9 ! ,fall1 :5 x 0 p]fectly evid5t t ! five sw>ms _h occupi$ ! same box z indep5d5t colonies4 ,f\r ( !m _h comm5c$ _! works1 ea* "o ne> a corn]1 & ! fif? "o 9 ! middle1 & !re 0 a di/9ct int]val sep>at+ ! works ( ! diff]5t colonies4 ,9 ,cotton's ,my ,bee ,book1 !re is a cut illu/rat+ a hive 9 :i* two colonies _h built 9 ! same mann]4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,artificial ,,sw>m+4 ,! num]\s ef=ts :i* h be5 made = ! la/ fifty ye>s or m1 to disp5se ) natural sw>m+1 pla9ly indicate ! anxiety ( ,api>ians to f9d "s bett] mode ( increas+ _! colonies4 ,al?\gh ,i am able to propagate bees by natural sw>m+1 ) a rapidity & c]ta9ty unatta9able except by ! complete control ( all ! combs 9 ! hive1 /ill !re are difficulties 9 ?is mode ( increase1 inh]5t to ! sy/em itself1 & !re=e entirely incapable ( be+ remov$ by any k9d ( hive4 ,be=e describ+ ! v>i\s me?ods :i* ,i employ to increase colonies by artificial means1 ,i %all fir/ enum]ate ^! difficulties1 9 ord] t ea* individual bee-keep] may decide = himself1 9 :i* way he c mo/ advantage\sly propagate 8 bees4 #a4 ,! l>ge numb] ( sw>ms lo/ e ye>1 is a p[]ful argum5t aga9/ natural sw>m+4 ,an em95t ,api>ian has e/imat$ t "o f\r? ( ! be/ sw>ms are lo/ e season6 ,?is e/imate c h>dly be consid]$ too high1 if all :o keep bees are tak5 into acc\nt4 ,:ile "s bee-keep]s are s c>eful t !y seldom lose a sw>m1 ! majority1 ei!r f ! grosse/ neglig5ce1 or f necess>y h9drances dur+ ! sw>m+ season1 are con/antly incurr+ s]i\s losses1 by ! flight ( _! bees to ! woods4 ,x is next to impossible1 entirely to prev5t su* occurr5ces1 if bees are all[$ to sw>m at all4 #b4 ,! great am\nt ( "t & labor requir$ by natural sw>m+1 has always be5 reg>d$ z a decid$ objection to ?is mode ( increase4 ,z soon z ! sw>m+ season beg9s1 ! ,api>y mu/ be closely wat*$ almo/ e day1 or "s ( ! new sw>ms w be lo/4 ,if ?is bus9ess is entru/$ to ?\ghtless *ildr51 or c>eless adults1 _m sw>ms w be lo/ by _! neglect4 ,x is v evid5t t b few p]sons :o keep bees1 c always be on h& to wat* !m & to hive ! new sw>ms4 ,b1 9 ! height ( ! sw>m+ season1 if any consid]able numb] ( colonies is kept1 ! ,api>ian1 to gu>d aga9/ s]i\s losses1 %\ld ei!r be always on ! spot himself1 or h "s "o :o c be entru/$ ) ! c>e ( 8 bees4 ,ev5 ! ,sabba? _c be obs]v$ z a day ( re/2 & (t51 in/ead ( be+ able to g to ! ,h\se ( ,god1 ! bee-keep] is compell$ to labor among 8 bees1 z h>d z on o!r days1 or ev5 h>d]4 ,t he is z ju/ifiable 9 hiv+ 8 bees on ! ,sabba?1 z 9 tak+ c>e ( 8 /ock1 c admit ( no s]i\s d\bt2 b ! v liability ( be+ call$ to d s1 is ) _m1 a suffici5t objection aga9/ ,api>ian pursuits4 ,! m]*ant1 me*anic & pr(essional man1 are (t5 s situat$ t !y w\ld take great int]e/ 9 bees1 if !y 7 n det]r$ f _! cultivation by inability to take c>e ( !m1 dur+ ! sw>m+ season2 & !y are ?us deb>r$ f a pursuit1 :i* is int5sely fasc9at+1 n m]ely to ! lov] ( ,nature1 b to e "o possess$ ( an inquir+ m9d4 ,no man :o sp5ds "s ( 8 leisure h\rs 9 /udy+ ! wond]ful habits & in/9cts ( bees1 w ev] compla9 t he c f9d no?+ to fill up 8 "t out ( ! range ( 8 bus9ess1 or ! gratification ( 8 appetites4 ,bees may be kept ) great advantage1 ev5 9 l>ge cities1 & ^? :o are deb>r$ f e o!r rural pursuit1 may /ill li/5 to ! soo?+ hum ( ! indu/ri\s bee1 & h>ve/ annually its delici\s nect>4 ,if ! ,api>ian c\ld always be on h& dur+ ! sw>m+ season1 x w\ld /ill1 9 _m in/ances1 be exce$+ly inconv5i5t = him to att5d to 8 bees4 ,h[ (t5 is ! f>m] int]rupt$ 9 ! bus9ess ( hay-mak+1 by ! cry t 8 bees are sw>m+2 & by ! "t he has hiv$ !m1 p]haps a %[] comes up1 & 8 hay is injur$ m ?an 8 sw>m is wor?4 ,9 ?is way1 ! keep+ ( a few bees1 in/ead ( a s\rce ( pr(it1 (t5 becomes r an exp5sive luxury2 & if a v l>ge /ock is kept1 ! difficulties & emb>rassm5ts are (t5 mo/ s]i\sly increas$4 ,if ! wea!r becomes pleasant aft] a succession ( days unfavorable = sw>m+1 x (t5 happ5s t sev]al sw>ms rise at once1 & clu/] toge!r1 to ! great annoyance ( ! ,api>ian2 & n unfrequ5tly1 9 ! noise & confusion1 o!r sw>ms fly (f1 & are entirely lo/4 ,i h se5 ! ,api>ian s p]plex$ & exhau/$ "u su* circum/ances1 z to be almo/ ready to wi% t he _h nev] se5 a bee4 #c4 ,! manag+ ( bees by natural sw>m+1 mu/1 9 our c\ntry1 almo/ entirely prev5t ! e/abli%m5t ( l>ge ,api>ies4 ,ev5 if x 7 possible1 9 ?is way1 to multiply bees ) c]ta9ty & rapidity1 & )\t any ( ! p]plexities :i* ,i h j describ$1 h[ few p]sons are s situat$ z to be able to give almo/ ! :ole ( _! "t 9 ! busie/ "p ( ! ye>1 to ! managem5t ( _! bees4 ,! sw>m+ season is ) ! f>m]1 ! v busie/ "p ( ! :ole ye>1 & if he purposes to keep a l>ge numb] ( sw>m+ hives1 he mu/ n only devote ne>ly ! :ole ( 8 "t1 = a numb] ( weeks1 to _! sup]vision1 b at a season :5 labor comm&s ! highe/ price1 he w (t5 be compell$ to hire additional assi/ance4 ,i h long be5 conv9c$ t1 z a g5]al rule1 ! keep+ ( a few colonies 9 sw>m+ hives1 co/s m ?an !y are wor?1 & t ! keep+ ( a v l>ge numb] is entirely out ( ! "q1 unless ) ^? :o are s situat$ t !y c af=d to devote _! "t1 = ab\t two mon?s e ye>1 almo/ entirely to _! bees4 ,! numb] ( p]sons :o c af=d to d ?is mu/ be v small2 & ,i h seldom he>d ( a bee-keep]1 9 our c\ntry1 :o has an ,api>y on a scale ext5sive en\gh to make bee-keep+ any?+ m ?an a subord9ate pursuit4 ,multitudes h tri$ to make x a l>ge & remun]at+ bus9ess1 b hi!rto1 ,i believe t !y h ne>ly all be5 disappo9t$ 9 _! expectations4 ,9 su* c\ntries z ,pol& & ,russia :]e labor is deplorably *eap1 x may be done to great advantage2 b nev] to any consid]able ext5t 9 our own4 #d4 ,a s]i\s objection to natural sw>m+1 is ! disc\rag+ fact t ! bees (t5 refuse to sw>m at all1 & ! ,api>ian f9ds x impossible to multiply 8 colonies ) any c]ta9ty or rapidity1 ev5 al?\gh he may f9d himself 9 all respects favorably situat$ = ! cultivation ( bees1 & may be exce$+ly anxi\s to engage 9 ! bus9ess on a mu* m ext5sive scale4 ,i am acqua9t$ ) _m c>eful bee-keep]s :o h manag$ _! bees accord+ to ! mo/ reliable in=mation !y c\ld obta91 nev] de/roy+ any ( _! colonies1 & endeavor+ to multiply !m to ! be/ ( _! ability1 :o yet h n z _m /ocks z !y _h t5 ye>s ago4 ,mo/ ( !m w\ld ab&on ! pursuit1 if !y look$ ^u bee-keep+ simply 9 ! light ( doll>s & c5ts1 r ?an z a s\rce ( pleasant recreation2 & "s d n hesitate to say t mu* m money has be5 sp5t1 by ! mass ( ^? :o h us$ pat5t hives1 ?an !y h ev] realiz$ f _! bees4 ,x is a v simple matt] to make calculations on pap]1 :i* %all seem to po9t out a road to weal?1 almo/ z flatt]+1 z a t\r to ! gold m9es ( ,au/ralia or ,cali=nia4 ,only pur*ase a pat5t bee-hive1 & if x fulfills all or ev5 a "p ( ! promises ( its sangu9e inv5tor1 a =tune mu/1 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s1 be c]ta9ly realiz$2 b su* are ! disappo9tm5ts result+ f ! bees refus+ (t5 to sw>m at all1 t if ! hive c\ld rem$y all ! o!r difficulties 9 ! way ( bee-keep+1 x w\ld /ill fail to answ] ! reasonable wi%es ( ! exp]i5c$ ,api>ian4 ,if e sw>m ( bees c\ld be made to yield a pr(it ( #bj doll>s a ye>1 & if ! ,api>ian c\ld be sure ( sell+ 8 new sw>ms at ! mo/ extravagant prices1 he c\ld n1 l ! gr[]s ( mulb]ry trees1 or ! bre$]s ( fancy f[ls1 multiply 8 /ocks s z to meet ! dem&1 h[ev] ext5sive2 b w\ld be entirely dep5d5t ^u ! :ims & caprices ( 8 bees2 or r1 ^u ! natural laws :i* control _! sw>m+4 ,e practical bee-keep] is well aw>e ( ! utt] unc]ta9ty ( natural sw>m+4 ,"u no circum/ances1 c its occurr5ce be confid5tly reli$ on4 ,:ile "s /ocks sw>m regul>ly & repeat$ly1 o!rs1 /rong 9 numb]s & ri* 9 /ores1 al?\gh ! season may1 9 all respects1 be propiti\s1 refuse to sw>m at all4 ,su* colonies1 on exam9ation1 w (t5 be f\nd to h tak5 no /eps = rais+ "y que5s4 ,9 "s cases1 ! w+s ( ! old "m w be f\nd defective1 :ile 9 o!rs1 %e is abundantly able to fly1 b seems to pref] ! ri*es ( ! old hive1 to ! risks att5d+ ! =mation ( a new colony4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s1 9 our unc]ta9 climate1 t :5 all ! necess>y prep>ations h be5 made = sw>m+1 ! wea!r proves unpropiti\s = s long a "t1 t ! "y que5s com+ to maturity be=e ! old "o c leave1 are all de/roy$4 ,?is is a v frequ5t occurr5ce1 & "u su* circum/ances1 sw>m+ is almo/ c]ta9 to be prev5t$1 = t season4 ,! "y que5s are frequ5tly de/roy$1 ev5 al?\gh ! wea!r is pleasant1 9 consequ5ce ( "s sudd5 & p]haps only tempor>y susp5sion ( ! honey-h>ve/2 = bees seldom colonize ev5 if all _! prep>ations are complet$1 unless ! fl[]s are yield+ an abundant supply ( honey4 ,f ^! & o!r causes :i* my limits w n p]mit me to notice1 x has hi!rto be5 f\nd impossible1 9 ! unc]ta9 climate ( our ,nor!rn ,/ates1 to multiply colonies v rapidly1 by natural sw>m+2 & bee-keep+1 on ?is plan1 (f]s v poor inducem5ts to ^? :o are aw>e h[ little has be5 accompli%$1 ev5 by ! mo/ en?usia/ic1 exp]i5c$ & en]getic ,api>ians4 ,! num]\s p]plexities :i* h ev] att5d$ natural sw>m+1 h = ages1 direct$ ! att5tion ( practical cultivators1 to ! importance ( devis+ "s m reliable me?od ( increas+ _! colonies4 ,columella1 :o liv$ ab\t ! middle ( ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian ,era1 & :o wrote twelve books on husb&ry 7,de re ru/ica17 has giv5 directions = mak+ artificial colonies4 ,he says1 y mu/ exam9e ! hive1 & view :at honey-combs x has2 !n aft]w>ds f ! wax :i* conta9s ! se$s ( ! "y bees1 y mu/ cut away t "p :]e9 ! (fspr+ ( ! royal brood is animat$3 = ?is is easy to be se52 because at ! v end ( ! wax-works !re appe>s1 z x 71 a ?imble-l process 7some:at simil> to an acorn17 ris+ high]1 & hav+ a wid] cavity1 ?an ! re/ ( ! holes1 :]e9 ! "y bees ( vulg> note are conta9$4 ,hyg9us1 :o fl\ri%$ be=e ,columella1 _h evid5tly notic$ ! royal jelly2 = he speaks ( cells l>g] ?an ^? ( ! common bees1 fill$ z x 7 ) a solid sub/ance ( a r$ color1 out ( :i* ! w+$ k+ is at fir/ =m$4 ,?is anci5t obs]v] mu/ und\bt$ly h se5 ! qu9ce-l jelly1 a portion ( :i* is always f\nd at ! base ( ! royal cells1 aft] ! que5s h em]g$4 ,! anci5ts g5]ally call$ ! que5 a k+1 al?\gh ,ari/otle says t "s 9 8 "t call$ h] ! "m4 ,swamm]dam 0 ! fir/ to prove by dissection t ! que5 is a p]fect female1 & ! only "o 9 ! hive1 & t ! drone is ! male4 ,= reasons :i* ,i %all %ortly m5tion1 ! anci5t me?ods ( artificial increase appe> to h met ) b small success4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 a new impulse 0 giv5 to ! artificial production ( sw>ms1 by ! discov]y ( ,s*ira*1 a ,g]man cl]gyman1 t bees are able to re> a que5 f work]-brood4 ,= want1 h[ev]1 ( a m ?or\gh k ( "s important pr9ciples 9 ! economy ( ! bee1 ^! ef=ts met ) sl5d] enc\ragem5t4 ,hub]1 aft] 8 spl5did discov]ies 9 ! physiology ( ! bee1 p]ceiv$ at once1 ! importance ( multiply+ colonies by "s me?od m reliable ?an t ( natural sw>m+4 ,8 leaf or book hive consi/$ ( #ab frames1 ea* an in* & a half 9 wid?2 any "o ( :i* c\ld be op5$ at pleasure4 ,he recomm5ds =m+ artificial sw>ms1 by divid+ "o ( ^! hives into two p>ts2 add+ to ea* "p six empty frames4 ,aft] us+ a ,hub] hive = a numb] ( ye>s1 ,i became p]fectly conv9c$ t x c\ld only be made s]vicable1 by an adroit1 exp]i5c$ & fe>less ,api>ian4 ,! bees fa/5 ! frames 9 su* a mann]1 ) _! propolis1 t !y _c1 except ) extreme c>e1 be op5$ )\t j>r+ ! bees1 & excit+ _! ang]2 nor c !y be %ut )\t con/ant dang] ( cru%+ !m4 ,hub] n[h]e speaks ( hav+ multipli$ colonies ext5sively by su* hives1 & al?\gh !y h be5 9 use m ?an sixty ye>s1 !y h nev] be5 successfully employ$ = su* a purpose4 ,if ,hub] _h only contriv$ a plan = susp5d+ 8 frames1 in/ead ( fold+ !m toge!r l ! leaves ( a book1 ,i believe t ! cause ( ,api>ian sci5ce w\ld h be5 fifty ye>s 9 advance ( :at x n[ is4 ,divid+ hives ( v>i\s k9ds h be5 us$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,aft] giv+ "s ( ! be/ ( !m a ?or\gh trial1 & inv5t+ o!rs :i* some:at resembl$ ! ,hub] hive1 ,i f\nd t !y c\ld n possibly be made to answ] any valuable end 9 secur+ artificial sw>ms4 ,= a long "t ,i felt t ! plan ought to succe$1 & x 0 n until ,i _h made num]\s exp]im5ts ) my hive sub/antially z n[ con/ruct$1 t ,i asc]ta9$ ! precise causes ( failure4 ,x may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! laws ( ! bee-hive1 t bees1 :5 n 9 possession ( a mature que51 seldom build any comb except su* z be+ design$ m]ely = /or+ honey1 is too co>se = ! re>+ ( work]s4 ,until ,i became acqua9t$ ) ! discov]ies ( ,dzi]zon1 ,i suppos$ myself to be ! only obs]v] :o _h notic$ ?is rem>kable fact1 & :o _h be5 l$ by x1 to modify ! :ole sy/em ( artificial sw>m+4 ,! p]usal ( ,mr4 ,wagn]'s manuscript translation ( t au?or1 %[$ me t he _h arriv$ at precisely simil> results4 ,x may seem at fir/1 v unacc\ntable t bees %\ld g on to fill _! hives ) comb unfit = bre$+1 :5 ! "y que5 w s soon require work]-cells = h] eggs2 b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 t bees1 "u su* circum/ances1 are always 9 an unnatural /ate4 ,!y are attempt+ to re> a new que5 9 a hive :i* is only p>tially fill$ ) comb2 :]eas1 if left to foll[ _! own in/9cts1 !y nev] con/ruct royal cells except 9 hives :i* are well fill$ ) comb1 = x is only 9 su* hives t !y make any prep>ations = sw>m+4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t !y d n %[ _! ord9>y sagacity 9 fill+ a hive ) unsuitable comb2 b if x 7 n = a few in/ances ( ?is k9d ( bad managem5t1 we %\ld p]haps1 =m too exalt$ an idea ( _! intellig5ce1 & %\ld almo/ fail to notice ! m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 reason 9 man1 & ev5 ! mo/ ref9$ in/9cts ( "s ( ! animals by :i* he is surr\nd$4 ,! det]m9ation ( bees1 :5 !y h no mature que51 if !y build any comb at all1 to build su* z is suit$ only = /or+ honey1 & unfit = bre$+1 w %[ at once1 ! folly ( attempt+ to multiply colonies by ! divid+-hives4 ,ev5 if ! ,api>ian has be5 p]fectly successful 9 divid+ a colony1 & ! "p )\t a que5 takes ! necess>y /eps to supply h] loss1 if ! bees are suffici5tly num]\s to build a l>ge quantity ( new comb1 7& !y ought to be 9 ord] to make ! artificial colony ( any value17 !y w build ?is comb 9 su* a mann] t x w answ] only = /or+ honey1 :ile !y w use ! half ( ! hive ) ! old comb1 = ! purposes ( bre$+4 ,! next ye>1 if an attempt is made to divide ?is hive1 "o half w conta9 ne>ly all ! brood & mature bees1 :ile ! o!r1 hav+ mo/ ( ! honey1 9 combs unfit = bre$+1 ! new colony =m$ f x w be a complete failure4 ,ev5 ) a ,hub] hive1 ! plan ( multiply+ colonies by divid+ a full hive into two p>ts1 & add+ an empty half to ea*1 w be att5d$ ) s]i\s difficulties2 al?\gh "s ( !m may be rem$i$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! hive be+ con/ruct$ s z to divide into _m p>ts2 ! v attempt to rem$y !m1 h[ev]1 w be f\nd to require a degree ( skill & k f> 9 advance ( :at c be expect$ ( ! great mass ( bee-keep]s4 ,! common divid+ hives1 sep>at+ into two p>ts1 c nev]1 "u any circum/ances1 be made ( ! lea/ practical value2 & ! bus9ess ( multiply+ colonies by !m1 w be f\nd f> m labori\s1 unc]ta9 & vexati\s1 ?an to rely on natural sw>m+4 ,i d n "k ( a solit>y practical ,api>ian1 :o1 on trial ( ?is sy/em1 has n be5 compell$ to ab&on x1 & all[ ! bees to sw>m f 8 divid+ hives 9 ! old-fa%ion$ way4 ,"s ,api>ians h attempt$ to multiply _! colonies by putt+ a piece ( brood comb conta9+ ! mat]ials = rais+ a new que51 into an empty hive1 set 9 ! place ( a /rong /ock :i* has be5 remov$ to a new /& :5 ?\s&s ( its inmates 7 abroad 9 ! fields4 ,?is me?od is /ill worse ?an ! "o :i* has j be5 describ$4 ,9 ! divid+ hive1 ! bees already _h a l>ge am\nt ( suitable comb = bre$+1 :ile 9 ?is hav+ next to none1 !y build all _! combs until ! que5 is hat*$1 ( a size unsuitable = re>+ work]s4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 ! que5less "p ( ! divid+ hive may h _h a "y que5 almo/ mature1 s t ! process ( build+ l>ge combs w\ld be ( %ort cont9uance2 = z soon z ! "y que5 beg9s to lay1 ! bees at once comm5ce build+ combs adapt$ to ! reception ( work] eggs4 ,9 "s ( my attempts to re> artificial sw>ms by mov+ a full /ock1 z describ$ above1 ,i h _h combs built ( enorm\s size1 ne>ly f\r in*es ?r\gh6 & ^! mon/] combs h aft]w>ds be5 piec$ out on _! l[] edge1 ) work] cells = ! accommodation ( ! "y que56 ,s uni=mly d ! bees ) an unhat*$ que51 build 9 ! way describ$1 t ,i c (t5 tell at a s+le glance1 by see+ :at k9d ( comb !y are build+1 t a hive is que5less1 or t hav+ be5 s1 !y h n[ a f]tile "y que54 ,:5 a new colony is =m$1 by divid+ ! old hive1 ! que5less "p has ?\s&s ( cells fill$ ) brood & eggs1 & "y bees w be h\rly hat*+1 = at lea/ ?ree weeks3 & by ?is "t1 ! "y que5 w be lay+ eggs1 s t !re w be an int]val ( n m ?an ?ree weeks1 dur+ :i* no accessions w be made to ! numb]s ( ! colony4 ,b :5 a new sw>m is =m$ by mov+1 n an egg w be deposit$ = ne>ly ?ree weeks2 & n a bee w be hat*$ = ne>ly six weeks2 & dur+ all ?is "t1 ! colony w rapidly decrease1 until by ! "t t ! prog5y ( ! "y que5 beg9s to em]ge f _! cells1 ! numb] ( bees 9 ! new hive w be s small1 t x w\ld be ( no value1 ev5 if its combs 7 ( ! be/ con/ruction4 ,e obs]v+ bee-keep] mu/ h notic$ h[ rapidly ev5 a p[]ful sw>m dim9i%es 9 numb]1 = ! fir/ ?ree weeks aft] x has be5 hiv$4 ,9 _m cases1 be=e ! "y beg9 to hat*1 x does n conta9 "o half its orig9al numb]2 s v great is ! mortality ( bees dur+ ! height ( ! work+ season4 ,i h mo/ ?or\ghly te/$1 9 ! only way 9 :i* x c be practic$ 9 ! ord9>y hives1 ?is la/ plan ( artificial sw>m+1 & d n hesitate to say t x does n possess ! v slighte/ practical value2 & z ?is is ! me?od :i* ,api>ians h usually tri$1 x is n /range t !y h almo/ unanim\sly pron\nc$ ,artificial sw>m+ to be utt]ly wor?less4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ,dzi]zon on ?is po9t has be5 ! same ) my own4 ,ano!r me?od ( artificial sw>m+ has be5 zeal\sly advocat$1 :i*1 if x c\ld only be made to answ]1 w\ld be1 ( all conceivable plans ! mo/ effectual1 & z x w\ld require ! smalle/ am\nt ( labor1 exp]i5ce1 or skill1 w\ld be ev]y:]e practic$4 ,a numb] ( hives mu/ be put 9 connection ) ea* o!r1 s z to communicate by holes :i* all[ ! bees to travel f any "o ap>tm5t to ! o!rs4 ,! bees1 on ?is plan1 are to colonize !mselves1 & 9 "t1 a s+le sw>m w1 ( its own accord1 multiply s z to =m a l>ge numb] ( indep5d5t families1 ea* "o possess+ its own que51 & all liv+ 9 p]fect h>mony4 ,?is me?od s beautiful & fasc9at+ 9 !ory1 has be5 repeat$ly tri$ ) v>i\s +5i\s modifications1 b 9 e in/ance1 z f> z ,i "k1 x has prov$ an entire failure4 ,x w always be f\nd if bees are all[$ to pass f "o hive to ano!r1 t !y w /ill1 = ! mo/ "p1 conf9e _! bre$+ op]ations to a s+le ap>tm5t1 if x is ( ! ord9>y size1 :ile ! o!rs w be us$1 *iefly = ! /or+ ( honey4 ,?is is almo/ inv>iably ! case1 if ! additional room is giv5 by collat]al or side boxes1 z ! que5 seldom ent]s su* ap>tm5ts = ! purpose ( bre$+4 ,if ! new hive is directly bel[ t 9 :i* ! sw>m is fir/ lodg$1 !n if ! connections are suitable1 ! que5 w be almo/ c]ta9 to desc5d & lay h] eggs 9 ! new combs1 z soon z !y are comm5c$ by ! bees2 9 ?is case1 ! upp] hive is almo/ entirely ab&on$ by h]1 & ! bees /ore ! cells ) honey1 z fa/ z ! brood is hat*$1 z _! in/9ct impels !m always1 if !y c1 to keep _! /ores ( honey above ! bre$+ cells4 ,s long z bees h an abundance ( room bel[ _! ma9 hive1 !y w nev] sw>m1 b w use x 9 ! way t ,i h describ$2 if ! room is on ! sides ( _! hive1 & v accessible1 !y seldom sw>m1 b if x is above !m1 !y frequ5tly pref] to sw>m r ?an to take possession ( x4 ,b 9 none ( ^! cases1 d !y ev]1 if left to !mselves1 =m sep>ate & indep5d5t colonies4 ,i am aw>e t ! ,api>ian1 by sep>at+ f ! ma9 hive ) a slide1 an ap>tm5t t conta9s brood1 & direct+ to x by "s artificial contrivance a consid]able numb] ( bees1 may succe$ 9 re>+ an artificial colony2 b unless all 8 hives admit ( ! mo/ ?or\gh inspection1 z he c nev] "k _! exact condition1 he mu/ always "w 9 ! d>k1 & w be mu* m likely to fail ?an succe$4 ,success inde$ c only be possible :5 a skillful ,api>ian devotes a l>ge portion ( 8 "t to wat*+ & manag+ 8 bees1 s z to compel !m to colonize1 & ev5 !n x w be v unc]ta92 s t ?is plausible !ory to be r$uc$ to ev5 a mo/ prec>i\s practice1 requires m skill1 c>e1 labor & "t1 ?an are necess>y to manage ! ord9>y sw>m+ hives4 ,! failure ( s _m attempts to increase colonies by artificial means1 z well 9 ! h&s ( sci5tific & exp]i5c$ ,api>ians1 z "u ! direction ( ^? :o are almo/ totally ignorant ( ! physiology ( ! bee1 has l$ _m to pref] to use non-sw>m+ hives4 ,9 ?is way1 v l>ge h>ve/s ( honey are (t5 obta9$ f a p[]ful /ock ( bees2 b x is v evid5t t if ! increase ( new colonies 7 entirely disc\rag$1 ! insect w\ld soon be ext]m9at$4 ,to prev5t ?is1 ! advocates ( ! non-sw>m+ plan1 mu/ ei!r h _! bees sw>m1 to "s ext5t1 or rely ^u ^? :o d4 ,my hive may be us$ z a non-sw>m]1 & may be made m effectually to prev5t sw>m+1 ?an any ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$3 z 9 ! ,spr+1 7,see ,no4 #cd4 p4 #ajd17 ample accommodations may be giv5 to ! bees1 bel[ _! ma9 works1 & :5 ?is is seasonably done1 sw>m+ w nev] take place4 ,!re are c]ta9 objections h[ev]1 :i* mu/ always prev5t ! non-sw>m+ plan f be+ ! mo/ successful mode ( manag+ bees4 ,to say no?+ ( ! loss to ! bee-keep]1 :o has1 aft] "s ye>s1 only "o /ock1 :5 if ! natural mode ( increase _h be5 all[$1 he ought to h a numb]1 x is usually f\nd t aft] bees h be5 kept 9 a non-sw>m+ hive = sev]al seasons1 !y seem to "w ) mu* less vigor ?an usual4 ,( ?is1 any "o may conv9ce himself1 :o w comp>e ! indu/ri\s work+ ( a new sw>m1 ) t ( a mu* m p[]ful /ock 9 a non-sw>m+ hive4 ,! =m] w "w ) su* a/oni%+ zeal1 t to "o unacqua9t$ ) ! facts1 x w\ld be tak5 to be by f> ! m p[]ful /ock4 ,z ! f]tility ( ! que5 decreases by age1 ! disadvantage ( us+ non-sw>m+ hives ( ! ord9>y con/ruction1 w be obvi\s4 ,?is objection to ! sy/em c be rem$i$ 9 my hive1 z ! old que5 c be easily caught & remov$2 b :5 hives are us$ 9 :i* ?is _c be done1 ! ,api>y1 in/ead ( conta9+ a race ( "y que5s 9 ! full vigor ( _! reproductive p[]s1 w conta9 _m t h pass$ _! prime1 & ^! old que5s may die :5 !re are no eggs 9 ! hive to enable ! bees to replace !m1 & ?us ! :ole colony w p]i%4 ,if ! bee-keep] wi%es to w9t] only a c]ta9 numb] ( /ocks1 ,i w1 9 ano!r place1 %[ him a way 9 :i* ?is c be done1 s z to obta9 m honey f !m1 ?an f an equal numb] kept on ! non-sw>m+ plan1 :ile at ! same "t1 !y may all be ma9ta9$ 9 a /ate ( ! highe/ heal? & vigor4 ,i %all n[ describe a me?od ( artificial sw>m+1 :i* may be successfully practic$ ) almo/ any hive1 by ^? :o h suffici5t exp]i5ce 9 ! managem5t ( bees4 ,ab\t ! "t t natural sw>m+ may be expect$1 a popul\s hive1 ri* 9 /ores is select$1 & :at ,i %all call a =c$ sw>m is obta9$ f x1 by ! foll[+ process4 ,*oose t "p ( a pleasant day1 say f #aj ,a4 ,m4 to #b ,p4 ,m41 :5 ! l>ge/ numb] ( bees are abroad 9 ! fields2 if any bees are clu/]$ 9 front ( ! hive1 or on ! bottom-bo>d1 puff among !m a few :iffs ( smoke f burn+ rags or pap]1 s z to =ce !m to g up among ! combs4 ,?is c be done ) great] ease1 if ! hive is elevat$1 by small w$ges1 ab\t "o qu>t] ( an in* above ! bottom-bo>d4 ,h an empty hive or box 9 read9ess1 ! diamet] ( :i* is z ne>ly z possible1 ! same ) t ( ! hive f :i* y int5d to drive ! sw>m4 ,lift ! hive v g5tly1 & )\t ! slighte/ j>1 f its bottom-bo>d2 inv]t x & c>ry x 9 ! same c>eful mann]1 ab\t a rod f its old /&1 z bees are always mu* m incl9$ to be peaceable1 :5 remov$ a %ort di/ance1 ?an :5 any op]ation is p]=m$ on ! famili> spot4 ,if ! hive is c>efully plac$ on ! gr\nd1 upside d[n1 sc>cely a s+le bee w fly out1 & !re w be little dang] ( be+ /ung4 ,timid & inexp]i5c$ ,api>ians w1 ( c\rse1 protect !mselves ) a bee-dress1 & !y may h an assi/ant to spr9kle ! hive g5tly ) sug>-wat]1 z soon z x is inv]t$4 ,aft] plac+ ! hive 9 an inv]t$ position on ! gr\nd1 ! empty hive mu/ be put ov] x1 & e crack f :i* a bee might escape1 mu/ be c>efully clos$ ) pap] or any conv5i5t mat]ial4 ,! upp] hive ought to be furni%$ ) two or ?ree slats1 ab\t an in* & a half wide1 & fa/5$ "o ?ird ( ! di/ance f ! top1 s z to give ! bees e opportunity to clu/]4 ,z soon z ! ,api>ian is p]fectly sure t ! bees _c escape1 he %\ld place an empty hive ^u ! /& f :i* !y 7 remov$1 s t ! multitudes :i* return f ! fields may ent] x1 in/ead ( disp]s+ to o!r hives1 :]e "s ( !m may meet ) a v unk9d reception2 al?\gh z a g5]al rule1 a bee ) a load ( fre%ly ga!r$ honey1 aft] ! ext5t ( 8 res\rces is asc]ta9$1 is almo/ always1 welcom$ by any hive to :i* he may c>ry 8 treasures2 :ile a poor un=tunate t v5tures to pres5t itself empty & pov]ty /rick51 is g5]ally at once de/roy$6 ,! "o meets ) z fri5dly a reception z a weal?y g5tleman :o proposes to take up 8 abode 9 a c\ntry village1 :ile ! o!r is z mu* an object ( dislike z a paup] :o is suspect$ ( wi%+ to become a p>i% *>ge6 ,to return to our imprison$ bees4 ,beg9n+ at ! top1 or :at is n[1 7z ! hive is upside d[n17 ! bottom1 _! hive %\ld be beat5 sm>tly ) two small rods on ! front & back1 or on ! sides to :i* ! combs are atta*$1 s z to run no risk ( loos5+ !m4 ,if ! hive :5 remov$ f its /& 0 put ^u a /ool or table1 or some?+ n s solid z ! gr\nd1 ! drumm+ w cause m motion1 & yet be less apt to />t any ( ! combs4 ,^! rapp+s :i* c]ta9ly are n ( a v spiritual "*1 produce nev]!less1 a mo/ decid$ effect ^u ! bees3 _! fir/ impulse is to sally out & wreak _! v5geance ^u ^? :o h ?us rudely assail$ _! honi$ dome2 b z soon z !y f9d t !y are %ut 91 a sudd5 fe> t !y are to be driv5 f _! treasures1 seems to take possession ( !m4 ,if ! two hives h glass w9d[s1 s t all ! op]ations c be witness$1 ! bees1 9 a few mom5ts1 w be se5 mo/ busily engag$ 9 gorg+ !mselves ) honey4 ,dur+ all ?is "t1 ! rapp+ mu/ be cont9u$1 & 9 ab\t five m9utes1 ne>ly e bee w h fill$ itself to its utmo/ capacity1 & !y are n[ prep>$ = _! =c$ emigration2 a prodigi\s hum is he>d1 & ! bees beg9 to m\nt into ! upp] box4 ,9 ab\t t5 m9utes f ! "t ! rapp+ began1 ! mass ( ! bees ) _! que5 w h asc5d$1 & w hang clu/]$1 j l a natural sw>m4 ,! box ) ! expell$ bees mu/ n[ be g5tly lift$ (f1 & %\ld be plac$ ^u a bottom-bo>d ) a gauze wire v5tilator1 s t ! bees may be conf9$1 & yet h pl5ty ( air4 ,a %all[ vessel or a piece ( old comb conta9+ wat]1 ought to be fir/ plac$ on ! bottom-bo>d4 ,if no gauze wire bottom-bo>d is at h&1 ! hive mu/ be w$g$ up1 s z to admit an abundance ( air1 & be set 9 a %ady place4 ,! hive f :i* ! bees 7 driv51 mu/ n[ be set1 )\t cru%+ any ( ! bees1 on its old spot1 9 ! place ( ! decoy hive1 t all ! bees :i* h return$ f abroad1 may ent]4 ,be=e ?is *ange is made1 ^! bees w be runn+ 9 & out ( ! empty hive1 7,see p4 #gb17 b z soon z ! opportunity is giv5 !m1 !y w cr[d into _! well-kn[n home1 & if !re are no royal cells />t$1 w proce$1 almo/ at once1 to con/ruct !m1 & ! next day !y w act z ?\gh ! =c$ sw>m _h left ( its own accord4 ,:5 ! op]ation is delay$ until ab\t ! season = natural sw>m+1 ! hive w conta9 immature que5s1 if ! bees 7 int5d+ to sw>m1 & a new que5 w soon take ! place ( ! old "o1 j z 9 natural sw>m+4 ,if x is p]=m$ too e>ly1 & be=e ! drones h made _! appe>ance1 ! "y que5 may n be seasonably impregnat$1 & ! p>5t /ock w p]i%4 ,x w be obvi\s t ?is :ole process1 9 ord] to be successfully p]=m$1 requires a k ( ! mo/ important po9ts 9 ! economy ( ! bee-hive2 inde$ ! same rem>k may be made ( almo/ any op]ation1 & ^? :o are will+ to rema9 ignorant ( ! laws :i* regulate ! bre$+ ( bees1 ought n to dep>t 9 ! lea/1 f ! old-fa%ion$ mode ( managem5t4 ,all su* deviations w only be att5d$ ) a wanton sacrifice ( bees4 ,a man may use ! common sw>m+ hives a :ole life-"t1 & yet rema9 ignorant ( ! v fir/ pr9ciples 9 ! physiology ( ! bee1 unless he ga9s 8 in=mation f o!r s\rces2 :ile1 by ! use ( my hives1 any intellig5t cultivator may1 9 a s+le season1 v]ify = himself1 ! discov]ies :i* h only be5 made by ! accumulat$ toil ( _m obs]v]s1 = m ?an two ?\s& ye>s4 ,! ease ) :i* ,api>ians may n[1 by ! sight ( _! own eyes1 ga9 a k ( all ! important facts 9 ! economy ( ! hive1 w /imulate !m mo/ p[]fully1 to /udy ! nature ( ! bee & ?us to prep>e !mselves = an enlight5$ sy/em ( managem5t4 ,9 giv+ directions = ! creation ( =c$ sw>ms1 ,i advis$ t x %\ld be done dur+ ! pleasante/ "p ( ! day1 :5 ! l>ge/ numb] ( bees are =ag+ abroad4 ,if ! op]ation is p]=m$ :5 all ! bees are at home1 & !y are all driv5 into ! empty hive1 ! old hive w be s depopulat$ t _m ( ! "y w p]i% = want ( suitable att5tion1 & ! p>5t /ock w be greatly det]iorat$ 9 value4 ,if only a "p ( ! bees are expell$1 ! que5 may be left beh9d1 & ! :ole op]ation w be a failure1 & at be/ x w be difficult to make a suitable division ( ! bees betwe5 ! two hives4 ,inde$1 "u any circum/ances1 ?is is ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! process1 & x (t5 requires no little judgm5t to equalize ! two colonies4 ,"s recomm5d plac+ ! =c$ sw>m on ! old /&1 & remov+ ! p>5t hive ) ! bees t are deem$ suffici5t1 to a new place4 ,if ?is is done1 & ! bees h _! lib]ty1 s _m ( !m w leave = ! famili> spot1 t ! hive w be almo/ des]t$1 & a v l>ge proportion ( its brood w p]i%4 ,! bees 9 ?is hive1 if x is to be set 9 a new place1 mu/ h wat] giv5 to !m1 & be s %ut up z to h an abundance ( air1 until late 9 ! aft]noon ( ! ?ird day1 :5 ! hive may be op5$1 & !y w take w+1 almo/ z ?\gh !y 7 int5d+ to sw>m4 ,"s w ev5 !n1 return to ! place :]e !y orig9ally /ood1 & jo9 ! =c$ sw>m1 b ! mo/ ( !m1 aft] hov]+ 9 ! air = a %ort "t1 w re-ent] ! hive4 ,dur+ ! "t t !y h be5 %ut up1 ?\s&s ( "y bees w h em]g$ f _! cells1 & ^!1 kn[+ no o!r home1 w aid 9 tak+ c>e ( ! l>v1 & 9 c>ry+ on ! "w ( ! hive4 ,in/ead ( try+ to make an equitable division at ! "t ( driv+ out ! bees1 ,i pref] to expel all t ,i c1 & to rely ^u ! bees return+ f _! ga!r+s1 to repl5i% ! old /ock4 ,if ! numb] appe>s to be too small1 ,i op5 tempor>ily ! entrance ( ! hive conta9+ ! =c$ sw>m1 & p]mit z _m z ,i judge be/1 to come out & ent] _! old abode4 ,x mu/ "h be borne 9 m9d1 t bees :i* are ?us eject$ f a hive1 d n1 9 all respects1 act l a natural sw>m1 :i* hav+ left ! p>5t /ock1 ( its own accord1 nev] seeks1 unless x has lo/ its que51 to return2 :]eas1 _m ( ! =c$ sw>m1 z soon z !y leave ! hive into :i* !y h be5 driv51 w return to _! =m] abode4 ,! same is true ( bees :i* are mov$ to any di/ance n f> en\gh to be beyond ! limits ( _! previ\s excursions 9 se>* ( food4 ,if we c\ld only make our bees :5 mov$1 or =c$ to sw>m1 adh]e to _! hives z fai?fully z a natural sw>m1 _m difficulties :i* n[ p]plex u1 w\ld be at once remov$4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ t ! p>5t hive conta9s a suffici5t numb] ( bees to c>ry on op]ations1 ab\t sun-set1 aft] ! bees are all at home1 x may be remov$ to a new /&1 & ! bees1 aft] be+ suppli$ ) wat]1 mu/ be %ut up1 accord+ to ! directions previ\sly giv54 ,if ! hive is s con/ruct$ t wat] _c be conv5i5tly giv5 !m1 ! foll[+ plan ,i h f\nd to answ] mo/ admirably4 ,bore a small hole t[>ds ! top on ! front side1 & ) a /raw1 wat] may be inject$ ) sc>cely any tr\ble4 ,a m\?ful once or twice a day1 w be suffici5t4 ,if ! bees are conf9$ )\t wat]1 !y w n be able to prep>e ! food = ! l>v1 & multitudes ( !m mu/ necess>ily p]i%4 ,! expell$ colony mu/ be plac$1 on ! same ev5+1 precisely :]e ! hive f :i* !y 7 driv5 /ood1 & h _! lib]ty giv5 to !m4 ,! next morn+1 !y w "w ) z mu* vigor z ?\gh !y _h sw>m$ 9 ! natural way4 ,! directions :i* h "h be5 giv5 = creat+ =c$ sw>ms1 w be f\nd to diff] 9 "s important respects f any :i* o!r ,api>ians h previ\sly furni%$4 ,i h already %[n t x is difficult to secure ! "r numb] ( bees = ! p>5t /ock1 unless x is set tempor>ily on its old /&1 s z to cat* up ! return+ bees4 ,! common plan has be5 to try to leave 9 x1 z _m bees z are ne$$1 & !n to %ut x up = a few days1 hav+ plac$ x 9 a new spot1 :ile ! =c$ sw>m is imm$iately replac$ s t all ! /raggl]s may be add$ to x4 ,if we c\ld always be sure ( driv+ out ! que51 & ) h]1 z _m bees z we want & no m1 ?is w\ld und\bt$ly be ! simple/ plan2 b = ! reasons already assign$1 x w be f\nd a v prec>i\s op]ation4 ,"s ,api>ians recomm5d putt+ ! =c$ sw>m 9 a new place 9 ! ,api>y2 b z l>ge numb]s ( ! bees w be sure1 :5 !y g out to "w1 to return to ! famili> spot1 ! new colony w (t5 be s s]i\sly depopulat$ z to be ( b little value4 ,if ! ,api>ian c remove 8 =c$ sw>ms1 "s two or ?ree miles (f1 he may give !m _! lib]ty at once1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks1 he c1 )\t risk1 br+ !m back to 8 ,api>y4 ,if he *ooses1 he may all[ ! p>5t /ock to rema9 on ! old /&1 & conf9e ! =c$ sw>m1 until ab\t an h\r be=e sun set ( ! ?ird day4 ,!y mu/ 9 ! mean "t be suppli$ ) bo? honey & wat]1 & if !y _c be kept cool & quiet1 !y %\ld be remov$ into ! cell> until !y are plac$ 9 _! new position4 ,_m w ev5 !n return to ! old spot1 b n en\gh to int]f]e s]i\sly ) _! prosp]ity4 ,if ! bees _c1 z 9 my hives1 be kept cool & d>k1 !y w be excessively uneasy1 & may suff] v s]i\sly f s long conf9em5t3 h5ce ! v great importance ( sett+ !m 9 ! cell>4 ,x may seem /range1 t bees1 :5 _! hive is mov$1 or :5 !y are =cibly expell$ f x1 %\ld n adh]e to ! new spot1 j z :5 !y h sw>m$ ( _! own accord4 ,9 ea* case1 z soon z a bee leaves its new place1 x flies ) its head turn$ t[>ds ! hive1 9 ord] to m>k ! surr\nd+ objects1 t x may be able to return to ! same spot2 b :5 !y h n emigrat$ ( _! own accord1 _m ( !m seem1 :5 !y rise 9 ! air1 or return f "w1 entirely to =get t _! location has be5 *ang$2 & !y return to ! place :]e !y h liv$ s long1 & if no hive is !re1 !y (t5 die on ! des]t$ & desolate1 yet home-l spot4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 !y sw>m$ ( _! own accord1 !y seldom1 if ev]1 make su* a mi/ake4 ,x may truly be said t ,a 'bee remov$' aga9/ its w ,is ( ! same op9ion /ill4 ,i h be5 ?us m9ute 9 describ+ ! :ole process ( creat+ =c$ sw>ms1 n m]ely on acc\nt ( ! importance ( ! plan 9 multiply+ colonies1 b because ! driv+ or drumm+ out ( bees f a common hive1 is employ$ ) great success 9 a v>iety ( ways :i* w be h]eaft] specifi$4 ,i d\bt n t _m bee-keep]s1 on read+ ?is mode ( creat+ colonies1 are ready to object t x n only requires m skill1 b m "t & labor1 ?an to all[ !m to sw>m1 & !n to hive !m 9 ! old-fa%ion$ way4 ,z practic$ ) ord9>y hives1 x is und\bt$ly liable to ?is s]i\s objection1 & ,i w\ld easily ) my basket hiv]1 und]take to hive f\r natural sw>ms1 9 ! "t t x w\ld require to create "o =c$ sw>m2 to say no?+ ( ! c>e :i* mu/ be be/[$ ^u ! artificial sw>ms1 ) _! p>5t /ocks1 aft] ! driv+ process has be5 complet$4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i d n advise ! bee-keep] to =ce 8 sw>ms f ! common hives1 until he has fir/ asc]ta9$ t !y are n likely to sw>m 9 tol]ably good season1 ( _! own accord1 unless he is afraid t !y w come out dur+ 8 abs5ce1 & decamp to ! woods4 ,by ! aid ( my hives1 ?is process may be mo/ exp$iti\sly p]=m$4 ,an empty hive1 ) its frames furni%$ ) guide combs1 mu/ be 9 read9ess4 ,! cov] ( ! full hive %\ld be remov$1 & ! bees g5tly spr9kl$ ) sug>-wat] f a wat]+ pot t dis*>ges a f9e /ream4 ,9 ab\t two m9utes1 ! frames may be tak5 out1 & ! bees1 by a quick motion1 %ak5 on a %eet directly 9 front ( _! hive4 ,z fa/ z a comb is depriv$ ( its bees1 x %\ld be set 9 a prop] position 9 ! new hive1 & an empty frame put 9 its place4 ,two or ?ree ( ! combs conta9+ brood1 eggs1 c41 %\ld be left 9 ! old hive1 z well to give !m great] enc\ragem5t1 z to prev5t !m f be+ dissatisfi$ if _! que5 %\ld1 by any possibility1 be tak5 f !m4 ,9 remov+ ! frames ) ! bees1 ,i always look = ! que51 & if ,i see h]1 z ,i g5]ally d1 ,i return to ! hive ! frame :i* conta9s h]1 )\t %ak+ (f ! bees4 ,9 t case1 ,i put sev]al ( ! necess>y combs into ! new hive1 ) all ! bees ^u !m4 ,9 dislodg+ ! bees ^u ! %eet1 ,i d n %ake !m all (f f ! frames2 b leave ab\t "o qu>t] ( !m on1 & put !m ) ! combs into ! new hive4 ,i nev] knew ! que5 to be left on a frame aft] x 0 %ak5 s t ! l>g] portion ( ! bees w\ld fall (f4 ,z soon z ! op]ation is complet$1 & ! necess>y numb] ( bees h be5 transf]r$ ) _! comb to ! new hive1 x %\ld be manag$ accord+ to ! directions previ\sly giv51 9 ! case ( ! old hive f :i* a sw>m 0 drumm$ out4 ,if 9 ! op]ation ! ,api>ian does n see ! que51 he mu/1 9 ! c\rse ( ! ?ird day1 exam9e ! hive hav+ ! l>g] portion ( bees1 & if !y h comm5c$ build+ royal cells among ! combs giv5 to !m1 he may be c]ta9 t %e is 9 ! o!r hive4 ,! comb conta9+ ! royal cells may !n be transf]r$ to t hive1 & ! que5 se>*$ =1 & return$ ) ! combs on :i* %e is f\nd1 to h] prop] place4 ,a little exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 w enable ! op]ator to be sure f ! fir/1 t ! que5 is ) ! "r division4 ,to mo/ p]sons1 x w\ld seem to be ( little consequ5ce1 9 :i* hive ! que5 is plac$3 b if ! bees :i* h only a few frames ( comb1 are compell$ to re> ano!r1 !y w be sure to fill _! hive ) comb unfit = bre$+ purposes1 & w also be s long be=e !y c h additions to _! numb]1 z to be ( b little value4 ,if _m sw>ms are to be creat$ 9 ?is mann]1 & ! op]ation is delay$ until ne> sw>m+ "t1 9 "s ( !m1 num]\s royal cells w be f\nd1 s t ea* /ock :i* has no que51 may h "o ne>ly mature1 giv5 to x1 & ?us mu* valuable "t may be sav$4 ,by mak+ a few =c$ sw>ms1 ab\t a week or t5 days be=e ! "t 9 :i* ! mo/ w be made1 ! ,api>ian may be sure ( hav+ an abundance ( seal$ que5s almo/ mature1 s t e sw>m may h "o4 ,if he c give ea* hive t ne$s x1 an unhat*$ que51 )\t remov+ h] f h] frame1 s mu* ! bett]2 b if he has n en\gh frames ) seal$ que5s1 :ile "s ( !m conta9 two or m que5s1 he mu/ proce$ z foll[s3 ,) a v %>p knife1 c>efully cut out a que5 cell1 on a piece ( comb an in* or m squ>e2 cut a place 9 "o ( ! combs ( ! hive to :i* ?is cell is to be giv51 j ab\t l>ge en\gh to receive x 9 a natural position1 & if x is n secure1 put a little melt$ wax ) a fea!r1 :]e ! edges meet4 ,! bees w soon fa/5 x1 s z to make all "r4 ,unless v great c>e is us$ 9 transf]r+ ^! royal cells1 ! enclos$ que5s w be de/roy$2 z _! bodies1 until !y are ne>ly mature1 are s exce$+ly s(t1 t a v slight compression ( _! cell (t5 kills !m4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i pref] n to remove !m1 until !y are )9 ?ree or f\r days ( hat*+4 ,z ! =c+ ( a sw>m may always be conduct$1 ) my hives1 9 su* a mann] t ! ,api>ian c be sure to effect a suitable division ( ! bees1 ! process may be p]=m$ at any "t :5 ! sun is above ! horizon1 & ! wea!r is n too unpleasant4 ,x ought n to be attempt$ :5 ! wea!r is s cool z to endang] ! de/ruction ( ! brood1 by a *ill2 & nev] unless :5 !re is n only suffici5t light to enable ! ,api>ian to see di/9ctly1 b en\gh = ! bees t take w+1 to see ! hive1 & direct _! flight to its entrance4 ,if hives are m$dl$ )1 :5 x is d>k1 ! bees are always m irascible1 & z !y _c see :]e to fly1 !y w con/antly be alight+ ^u ! p]son ( ! bee-keep]1 :o w be almo/ sure to receive "s /+s4 ,i h seldom attempt$ night-"w ^u my bees1 )\t hav+ occasion mo/ ?or\ghly to rue my folly4 ,if ! wea!r is n too cool1 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 be=e ! bees are /irr+1 w be ! be/ "t1 z !re w be less dang] ( annoyance f robb]-bees4 ,if honey-wat] is us$ in/ead ( sug>-wat] 9 spr9kl+ ! bees :5 ! hive is fir/ op5$1 ! smell w be almo/ c]ta9 to entice m>aud]s f o!r hives to attempt to take possession ( treasures :i* d n belong to !m1 & :5 !y once comm5ce su* a pilf]+ c\rse ( life1 !y w be v lo? to lay x aside4 ,:5 ! honey h>ve/ is abundant1 7& ?is is ! v "t = =c+ sw>ms17 bees1 ) prop] precautions1 are seldom incl9$ to rob4 ,i h sometimes f\nd x difficult to induce !m to notice honey-combs :i* ,i wi%$ !m to empty1 ev5 :5 !y 7 plac$ 9 an expos$ situation4 ,?is subject1 h[ev]1 w be m fully treat$ 9 ! rem>ks on ,robb+4 ,p]haps "s ( my read]s w h>dly be able to conv9ce !mselves t bees may be dealt ) aft] ! fa%ion ,i h be5 describ+1 )\t becom+ greatly enrag$2 s f> is ?is f be+ ! case1 t 9 my op]ations1 ,i (t5 use nei!r sug>-wat] nor bee-dress1 al?\gh ,i d n recomm5d ! neglect ( su* precautions4 ,! artificial sw>m may be creat$ ) p]fect safety1 ev5 at mid-day1 :5 ?\s&s ( bees are return+ to ! hive3 = ^! bees be+ lad5 ) honey1 nev] v5ture ^u mak+ an attack1 :ile ^? at home may be easily pacifi$4 ,i f9d a v great advantage 9 ! peculi> %ape ( my hive1 :i* all[s ! top to be easily remov$1 & ! sug>-wat] to be spr9kl$ ^u ! bees1 be=e !y attempt to take w+4 ,if l ! ,dzi]zon hive1 x op5$ on ! end1 x w\ld be impossible = me to use ! sweet5$ wat]1 s z to make x run d[n betwe5 all ! ranges ( comb1 & ,i %\ld be =c$1 z he does1 to employ smoke1 9 all my op]ations4 ,hub] ?us speaks ( ! pacific effect produc$ ^u ! bees by ! use ( 8 leaf hive4 ,on op5+ ! hive1 no /+s are to be dread$1 = "o ( ! mo/ s+ul> & valuable prop]ties att5d+ my con/ruction1 is its r5d]+ ! bees tractable4 ,i ascribe _! tranquility to ! mann] 9 :i* !y are affect$ by ! sudd5 admission ( light1 !y appe> r to te/ify fe> ?an ang]4 ,_m retire1 & ent]+ ! cells1 seem to conceal !mselves4 ,i w admit t ,hub] has "h fall5 into an error :i* he w\ld n h made1 _h he us$ 8 own eyes4 ,! bees d inde$ ent] ! cells :5 ! frames are expos$1 b n to conceal !mselves2 !y imag9e t _! sweets1 ?us unc]emoni\sly expos$ to ! light ( day1 are to be tak5 f !m1 & !y fill !mselves to _! utmo/ capacity1 9 ord] to save all t !y c4 ,i always expect !m to appropriate ! cont5ts ( ! op5 cells1 z soon z ,i remove _! frames f ! hive4 ,x is n m]ely ! sudd5 admission ( light1 b its introduction f an unexpect$ qu>t]1 t seems = ! "t to dis>m ! ho/ility ( ! bees4 ,!y appe> = a few mom5ts1 almo/ z mu* conf\nd$ z we %\ld be1 if )\t any w>n+ ! ro( & ceil+ ( a h\se %\ld sudd5ly fly (f into ! air4 ,be=e !y recov] f _! amazem5t1 ! sweet libation is p\r$ out ^u !m1 & surprize is quickly conv]t$ into pleasure r ?an ang]4 ,i believe t 9 ! work+ season1 almo/ all ! bees ne> ! top are gorg$ ) honey1 & t ?is is ! reason :y op5+ ! hive f ,,above is s easily effect$4 ,! bees bel[ t are dispos$ to res5t any intrusions1 are met 9 _! ?reat5+ asc5t1 ) an avalan*e ( nect> :i* l a s(t answ]1 mo/ effectually turne? away wra?4 ,:o w\ld ev] be will+ to use ! sick5+ fumes ( ! disgu/+ we$1 :5 s mu* pleasure in/ead ( pa9 may be giv5 to 8 bees4 ,t bees nev] seem to be prep>$ to make an in/ant assault f ! top ( _! hive1 b only ne> ! entrance1 any "o may be conv9c$ (1 :o w put my frames into a susp5d$ hive ) a movable bottom :i* may be made to drop at pleasure4 ,if n[1 = any purpose1 he attempts to m$dle ) ! combs f bel[1 he w f9d t unless he uses smoke1 ! bees w be almo/1 if n q unmanageable4 ,i %all n[ give "s directions1 :i* w greatly assi/ ! ,api>ian 9 8 op]ations4 ,he mu/ be> 9 m9d t no?+ irritates bees m ?an a sudd5 j>1 & t ?is mu/1 9 all cases1 be mo/ c>efully avoid$4 ,! inside cov] ( ! hive1 or z ,i %all t]m x1 ! honey-bo>d1 because ! surplus honey receptacles /& ^u x1 c nev] be v firmly atta*$ by ! bees3 x may always be readily loos5$ ) a ?9 knife1 or bett] /ill1 ) an apo!c>y's spatula1 :i* w be v useful = _m purposes 9 ! ,api>y4 ,:5 ! honey-bo>d is remov$1 its l[] surface w be usually cov]$ ) bees1 & x %\ld be c>efully set on end1 s z n to cru% !m4 ,!re is n ! lea/ dang] t "o ( !m w (f] to /+1 z !y are completely bewild]$ by ! sudd5 introduction ( light1 & _! removal f ! hive4 ,z soon z ! cov] is dispos$ (1 ! ,api>ian %\ld spr9kle ! bees ) ! sweet solution4 ,?is %\ld desc5d f ! wat]+-pot 9 a f9e /ream1 s z n to dr5* ! bees1 & %\ld fall ^u ! tops ( ! frames1 z well z betwe5 ! ranges ( comb4 ,! bees w at once1 accept ! pr(f]$ treat1 & w beg9 lapp+ x up1 z peaceably z s _m *ick5s help+ !mselves to corn4 ,:ile !y are ?us engag$1 ! frames mu/ be v g5tly pri$ by a /ick1 f _! atta*m5ts to ! rabbets on :i* !y re/2 ?is may be done )\t any j> & )\t w\nd+ or enrag+ a s+le bee4 ,!y may all be loos5$ prep>atory to remov+ !m1 9 less ?an a m9ute4#ag ,by ?is "t1 ! spr9kl$ bees w h fill$ !mselves1 or if all h n done s1 ! grateful intellig5ce t sweets h be5 furni%$ !m1 w diffuse an unusual good nature ?r\gh all ! honi$ realm4 ,! ,api>ian %\ld n[ remove "o ( ! outside frames1 tak+ hold ( its two ends :i* re/ ^u ! rabbets1 & c>efully lift+ x out )\t incl9+ x f its p]p5dicul> position1 s z n to injure a s+le bee4 ,! removal ( ! next comb1 & ( all ! succe$+ ones1 w be m easily effect$1 z !re w be m room to op]ate to advantage4 ,if bees 7 dispos$ to fly away at once f _! combs1 z soon z !y 7 tak5 out1 x w\ld be v difficult to manage !m1 b s f> are !y f do+ ?is1 t !y adh]e to !m ) mo/ wond]ful t5acity4 ,i h sometimes remov$ all ! combs1 & arrang$ !m 9 a cont9u$ l9e1 & ! bees h n only refus$ to leave !m1 b h /\tly def5d$ !m aga9/ ! ?iev+ prop5sities ( o!r bees4 ,by %ak+ (f ! bees f ! combs ^u a %eet1 & secur+ ! que51 ,i c1 on any pleasant day1 exhibit ne>ly all ! appe>ances ( natural sw>m+4 ,! bees1 z soon z !y miss _! que51 w rise into ! air1 & by plac+ h] on ! twig ( a tree1 !y w soon clu/] ar\nd h] 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,a ^w z to ! mann] ( cat*+ ! que54 ,i seize h] v g5tly1 z ,i espy h] among ! bees1 & by tak+ c>e to cru% none ( !m1 run n ! lea/ risk ( be+ /ung4 ,! que5 h]self nev] /+s1 ev5 if h&l$ ev] s r\ghly4 ,9 remov+ ! frames f ! hive1 x w be f\nd v conv5i5t to h a box ) suitable rabbets 9 :i* !y may be tempor>ily put1 & cov]$ ov] ) a piece ( cotton clo?4 ,!y may ?us be v easily protect$ f ! cold1 & f robb+ bees1 if !y are to be kept out ( ! hive = "s "t2 & su* a box w be v conv5i5t to receive frames t are lift$ out = exam9ation4 ,9 return+ ! frames to a hive1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to cru% ! bees :]e _! ends re/ ^u ! rabbets2 !y mu/ be put 9 sl[ly1 s t a bee1 :5 he feels ! slighte/ pressure may h a *ance to creep f "u !m1 be=e he is hurt4 ,! honey-cov]1 = conv5i5ce1 is g5]ally 9 two pieces3 ^! _c be laid d[n on ! hive1 )\t dang] ( kill+ _m bees2 !y are !re=e v c>efully slid on1 s t any bees :i* may be 9 ! way1 are pu%$ be=e !m1 in/ead ( be+ cru%$4 ,if any bees are ^u su* p>ts ( ! hive z to be imprison$ if ! outside cov] is clos$1 x %\ld be left a little op51 until !y h fl[n to ! entrance ( ! hive4 ,x _c be too deeply impress$ ^u ! bee-keep]1 t all 8 motions mu/ be sl[ & g5tle1 & t ! bees mu/ n be injur$ or brea!d ^u4 ,if he w c>efully foll[ ! directions ,i h giv51 he may soon op5 a hundr$ hives & p]=m any necess>y op]ation ^u !m1 )\t any bee-dress1 & yet ) v little risk ( be+ /ung1 b ,i almo/ despair ( be+ able to conv9ce ev5 ! mo/ exp]i5c$ ,api>ians1 ( ! ease & safety ) :i* bees may be manag$ on my plan1 until !y h actually be5 eye-witnesses ( its successful op]ation4 ,i c make an artificial colony 9 ! way above describ$ 9 t5 m9utes f ! "t t ,i op5 ! hive1 & if ,i see ! que5 z quickly z ,i (t5 d1 9 n m ?an five m9utes4 ,fifte5 m9utes w be a v lib]al all[ance ( "t to complete ! :ole "w4 ,if ,i _h an ,api>y ( a hundr$ colonies1 9 less ?an a week1 if ! wea!r 0 pleasant1 ,i c\ld )\t any assi/ance easily f9i% ! bus9ess ( sw>m+ = ! :ole season4 ,b h[ c ! ,api>ian1 if he delays ! =mation ( artificial sw>ms until ne>ly ! season = natural sw>m+1 be sure t 8 bees w n sw>m 9 ! usual way8 ,mu/ he n /ill be con/antly on h&1 or run ! risk ( los+ _m ( 8 be/ sw>ms8 ,i come n[ to ! entirely novel plan by :i* su* objections are completely obviat$4 ,if ! ,api>ian decides t he c mo/ advantage\sly multiply 8 colonies by artificial sw>m+1 he mu/ see t all 8 f]tile que5s are depriv$ ( _! w+s1 s z to be unable to lead (f new sw>ms4 ,z an old que5 nev] leaves ! hive except to accompany a new sw>m1 ! loss ( h] w+s does n1 9 ! lea/ int]f]e ) h] usefulness1 or ) ! atta*m5t ( ! bees4 ,occasionally1 a w+less que5 is s b5t on emigrat+1 t 9 spite ( h] inability to fly1 %e tries to g (f ) a sw>m2 %e has a w1 b contr>y to ! old maxim %e c f9d no way1 b helplessly falls ^u ! gr\nd in/ead ( gaily m\nt+ into ! air4 ,if ! bees succe$ 9 f9d+ h]1 !y w nev] des]t h]1 b clu/] directly ar\nd h]1 & may ?us be easily secur$ by ! ,api>ian4 ,if %e is n f\nd1 ! bees w return to ! p>5t /ock to await ! maturity ( ! "y que5s4 ,! ,api>ian w ord9>ily be prep>$ to =m 8 artificial colonies be=e any ( ^! "y que5s are hat*$4 ,! foll[+ is ! be/ plan = remov+ ! w+s f ! que5s4 ,e hive :i* conta9s a "y que51 ought to be exam9$ ab\t a week aft] %e has hat*$1 7see ,*apt] on ,loss ( ! ,que517 9 ord] to asc]ta9 t %e has be5 impregnat$1 & has begun to lay eggs4 ,"s ( ! c5tral combs or ^? on :i* ! bees are mo/ ?ickly clu/]$1 %\ld be fir/ lift$ out1 = %e w almo/ always be f\nd on "o ( !m2 ! ,api>ian :5 he has caught h]1 %\ld remove ! w+s on "o side ) a pair ( scissors tak+ c>e n to hurt h]4 ,on exam9+ 8 hives next season1 let him remove "o ( ! two rema9+ w+s f ! que54 ,! ?ird season1 he may deprive h] ( h] la/ w+4 ,bees always h f\r w+s1 a pair on ea* side4 ,?is plan saves him ! tr\ble ( m>k+ 8 hives s z to "k ! age ( ! que5s !y conta94 ,z ! f]tility ( ! que5 g5]ally decreases aft] ! second ye>1 ,i pref]1 j be=e ! drones are de/roy$1 to kill all ! old que5s t h ent]$ _! ?ird ye>4 ,9 ?is way1 ,i gu>d aga9/ "s ( my /ocks becom+ que5less1 9 consequ5ce ( ! que5 dy+ ( old age1 :5 !re is no work]-brood 9 ! hive1 f :i* !y c re> ano!r3 or ( hav+ a wor?less1 drone-lay+ que5 ^: impregnation has be5 ret>d$4 ,^! old que5s are remov$ at t p]iod ( ! ye> :5 _! colony is /rong 9 numb]s2 & z ! honey-h>ve/ is by ?is "t1 ne>ly ov]1 _! removal is (t5 a positive b5efit1 in/ead ( a loss4 ,! population is prev5t$ f be+ ov] cr[d$ at a "t :5 ! bees are consum]s & n produc]s1 & :5 ! "y que51 re>$ 9 ! place ( ! old "o matures1 %e w rapidly fill ! cells ) eggs1 & raise a l>ge numb] ( bees to take advantage ( ! late honey-h>ve/1 & to prep>e ! hive to w9t] mo/ advantage\sly4 ,! c]ta9ty1 rapidity & ease ( mak+ artificial sw>ms ) my hives1 w be su* z to amaze ^? mo/ :o h _h ! greate/ exp]i5ce & success 9 ! managem5t ( bees4 ,in/ead ( weeks wa/$ 9 wat*+ ! ,api>y1 9 addition to all ! o!r vexations & emb>rassm5ts :i* are s (t5 f\nd to att5d reliance on natural sw>m+1 ! ,api>ian w f9d n only t he c create all 8 new colonies 9 a v %ort "t1 b t he c1 if he *ooses1 entirely prev5t ! issue ( all aft]-sw>ms4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 he ought to exam9e ! /ocks :i* are rais+ "y que5s1 9 season to cut out all ! que5 cells b "o1 be=e ! l>v come to maturity4 ,if he gave !m a seal$ que5 ne>ly mature1 !y w raise no o!rs1 & no sw>m+1 = t season1 w take place4 ,if ! ,api>ian wi%es to d m ?an to d\ble 8 /ocks 9 "o season1 & is favorably situat$ = practic+ natural sw>m+1 he c all[ ! /ocks t raise "y que5s to sw>m if !y w1 & he c /r5g!n ! small sw>ms by giv+ to !m comb ) honey & matur+ brood f o!r hives4 ,or he c1 aft] an int]val ( ab\t ?ree weeks1 make "o sw>m f e two good ones 9 8 ,api>y1 9 a way t w soon be describ$4 ,i d n "k t ,i c f9d a bett] place 9 :i* to impress c]ta9 highly important pr9ciples ^u ! att5tion ( ! bee-keep]4 ,i am afraid1 t 9 spite ( all t ,i c say1 _m p]sons z soon z !y f9d !mselves able to multiply colonies at pleasure1 w s ov]do ! matt]1 z to run ! risk ( los+ all _! bees4 ,if ! ,api>ian aims at obta9+ a l>ge quantity ( honey 9 any "o season1 he _c at ! fur!/1 m ?an d\ble ! numb] ( 8 /ocks3 nor c he d ?is1 unless !y are all /rong1 & ! season favorable4 ,! mom5t t he aims1 9 any "o season1 at a m rapid increase1 he mu/ n only r5\nce ! idea ( hav+ any surplus honey1 b mu/ expect to pur*ase food = ! support ( 8 colonies1 unless he is will+ to see !m all p]i% by />vation4 ,! "t1 food1 c>e & skill requir$ to multiply /ocks ) v great rapidity1 9 our %ort & unc]ta9 climate1 are s great t n "o ,api>ian 9 a hundr$ c expect to make x pr(itable2 :ile ! great mass ( ^? :o attempt x1 w be almo/ sure1 at ! close ( ! season1 to f9d !mselves 9 possession ( /ocks :i* h be5 s manag$ z to be ( v little value4 ,be=e expla9+ "s o!r me?ods ( artificial sw>m+1 :i* ,i h employ$ to great advantage1 ,i %all endeavor to impress ^u ! m9d ( ! bee-keep]1 ! great importance ( ?or\ghly und]/&+ ea* season1 ! precise object at :i* he is aim+1 be=e he ent]s on ! "w ( increas+ 8 colonies4 ,if 8 object is1 9 any "o season1 to get ! l>ge/ yield ( surplus honey1 he mu/ at once make up 8 m9d to be cont5t ) a v mod]ate increase ( /ocks4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 he desires to multiply 8 colonies1 say1 ?ree or f\r fold1 he mu/ be prep>$1 n only to rel9qui% ! expectation ( obta9+ any surplus honey1 if ! season %\ld prove unfavorable1 b to pur*ase food = ! support ( 8 bees4 ,rapid multiplication ( colonies1 & l>ge h>ve/s ( surplus honey _c1 9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 be secure 9 our climate1 9 any "o season4 ,if ! numb] ( colonies is to be increas$ to a l>ge ext5t1 !n ! bees 9 ! ,api>y w be task$ to ! utmo/ 9 build+ new comb1 z well z 9 re>+ brood4 ,= ^! purposes1 !y mu/ consume ! supply ( honey :i*1 "u o!r circum/ances1 !y w\ld h /or$ up1 a "p = _! own use 9 ! ma9 hive1 & ! balance = _! own]1 9 ! sp>e honey-boxes4 ,to make ?is matt] p]fectly pla91 let u suppose a colony to sw>m4 ,if ! new hive1 into :i* ! sw>m is put1 holds1 z x ought1 ab\t a bu%el1 x w require ab\t two p\nds ( wax to fill x ) comb1 & at lea/ =ty p\nds ( honey w be us$ 9 its manufacture6 ,if ! season is favorable1 & ! sw>m 0 l>ge & e>ly1 !y may ga!r1 n only en\gh to build ?is comb & to /ore x ) honey suffici5t = _! own use1 b a numb] ( p\nds 9 addition1 = ! b5efit ( _! own]4 ,if ! old /ock does n sw>m aga91 x w rapidly repl5i% its numb]s1 & z x has no new comb to build 9 ! ma9 hive :i* already conta9s mu* honey1 x w be able to /ore up a g5]\s all[ance 9 ! upp] boxes4 ,^! favorable results are all on ! supposition t ! season 0 ord9>ily productive 9 honey1 & t ! hive 0 s p[]ful 9 numb]s z to be able to sw>m e>ly4 ,if ! season %\ld prove to be v unfavorable1 ! fir/ sw>m _c be expect$ to ga!r m ?an en\gh = its own use1 :ile ! p>5t /ock w yield only a small return4 ,! pr(its ( ! bee-keep]1 9 su* an un=tunate season1 w be ma9ly 9 ! increase ( 8 /ocks4 ,if ! sw>m 0 late1 9 consequ5ce ( ! /ock be+ weak 9 ,spr+1 ! e>ly "p ( ! honey-h>ve/ w pass away1 & ! bees w be able to obta9 f x1 b a small %>e ( honey4 ,dur+ all ?is "t ( comp>ative inactivity1 ! or*>ds may pres5t ,"o b\ndless blu%1 "o :ite empurpl$ %[] ,( m+l$ blossoms1 & t5s ( ?\s&s ( bees f /rong] /ocks1 may be engag$ all day1 9 sipp+ ! fragrant sweets1 s t e gale :i* fans its odorif]\s w+s ab\t _! dwell+s1 disp5ses ,native p]fumes1 & :isp]s :5ce !y /ole#ah ,^? balmy spoils4 ,by ! "t t ! feeble /ock is prep>$ to sw>m1 if x sw>m at all t season1 ! honey-h>ve/ is almo/ ov]1 & ! new colony w seldom be able to ga!r en\gh = its own use1 s t unless f$1 x mu/ p]i% ! succe$+ ,w9t]4 ,bee-keep+ ) colonies feeble 9 ! ,spr+1 is mo/ emphatically no?+ b folly & vexation ( _s4 ,i h %[n h[ ! bee-keep]1 ) a /rong /ock-hive :i* has sw>m$ e>ly & b once1 may 9 a favorable season realize h&some pr(its f 8 bees4 ,if ! p>5t /ock ?r[s a second sw>m1 !n1 z a g5]al rule1 unless ?is sw>m 0 v e>ly1 & ! honey season good1 if manag$ on ! ord9>y plan1 x w seldom prove ( any value4 ,x w almo/ always p]i% 9 ! ,w9t]1 if x does n des]t its hive 9 ! ,fall1 & ! family f :i* x issu$1 w n only ga!r no surplus honey1 7unless x 0 secur$ be=e ! fir/ sw>m issu$17 b w v (t5 p]i% likewise4 ,?us ! inexp]i5c$ own] :o 0 s delight$ ) ! rapid increase ( 8 colonies1 beg9s ! next season ) no m colonies ?an he _h ! ye> be=e1 & has v (t5 lo/ all ! "t he has be/[$ ^u 8 bees4 ,i c1 to be sure1 on my plan1 prev5t ! dea? ( ! bees1 & c build up all ! feeble colonies1 s z to make !m /rong & p[]ful3 b only by giv+ up all idea ( obta9+ a s+le p\nd ( honey4 ,f ! fir/ sw>m1 ,i mu/ take combs conta9+ matur+ brood1 to /r5g!n my weak sw>ms1 & ?is fir/ sw>m h[ev] p[]ful or e>ly1 in/ead ( be+ able to /ore its combs ) honey1 w be con/antly task$ 9 build+ new combs to replace ^? tak5 away1 s t :5 ! honey h>ve/ closes1 x w h sc>cely any honey1 & mu/ be f$ to prev5t x f />v+4 ,any man :o has s5se en\gh to be entru/$ ) bees1 c1 f ^! rem>ks1 und]/& exactly :y x is impossible to multiply colonies rapidly 9 any "o season1 & yet obta9 f !m l>ge supplies ( honey4 ,ev5 ! d\bl+ ( /ocks 9 "o season1 w v (t5 be too rapid an increase1 if ! greate/ quantity ( sp>e honey is to be obta9$ f !m2 & :5 ! l>ge/ yield ( honey is desir$1 ,i mu* pref] to =m1 9 a way soon to be describ$1 only "o new /ock f two old ones2 ?is w give ev5 m f ! ?ree1 ?an c\ld h be5 obta9$ f ! two1 on ! ord9>y non-sw>m+ plan4 ,i w\ld v /rongly dissuade any b exp]i5c$ ,api>ians1 f attempt+ at ! fur!/1 to d m ?an to triple _! /ocks 9 "o ye>4 ,9 ord] to furni% directions = v rapid multiplication1 suffici5tly full & explicit to be ( any value to ! inexp]i5c$1 ,i %\ld h to write a book on ?is "o topic2 & ev5 !n1 ! mo/ ( ^? :o %\ld und]take x1 w\ld be sure at fir/ to fail4 ,i h no d\bt t ) t5 /rong /ocks ( bees 9 a good location1 9 "o favorable season1 ,i c\ld s increase !m z to h1 on ! approa* ( ,w9t]1 "o hundr$ good colonies3 b ,i %\ld expect to fe$ hundr$s ( p\nds ( honey1 to devote ne>ly all my "t to _! managem5t1 & to br+ to ! "w1 ! exp]i5ce ( _m ye>s1 & ! wisdom acquir$ by num]\s failures4 ,aft] all1 :at we mo/ ne$1 9 ord] to be successful 9 ! cultivation ( bees1 is a c]ta91 r ?an a rapid multiplication ( /ocks4 ,x w\ld require b a v few ye>s to /ock our :ole c\ntry ) bees1 if colonies c\ld only be d\bl$ annually2 & an increase ( ev5 "o ?ird1 w\ld be=e long1 give u bees en\gh4 ,?is rate ( increase ,i %\ld always enc\rage 9 ! sw>m+ season1 ev5 if1 9 ! ,fall1 ,i r$uc$ my /ocks 7see ,union ( ,/ocks7 to ! ,spr+ numb]4 ,9 ! long run1 x w keep ! colonies 9 a mu* m prosp]\s condition1 & secure f !m ! l>ge/ yield ( honey4 ,i h nev] myself hesitat$ to sacrifice "o or m colonies1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 a s+le fact1 & x w\ld require a sep>ate volume q z l>ge z ?is1 to detail ! v>i\s exp]im5ts :i* ,i h made on ! subject ( ,artificial ,sw>m+4 ,! practical bee-keep]1 h[ev]1 %\ld nev]1 = a mom5t1 lose sight ( ! important di/9ction betwe5 an ,api>y manag$ pr9cipally = ! purposes ( exp]im5t & discov]y1 & "o conduct$ almo/ exclusively ) ref]5ce to pecuni>y pr(it4 ,any bee-keep] c easily exp]im5t ) my hives3 b ,i w\ld recomm5d him to d s1 at fir/1 on a small scale1 & if pr(it is 8 object1 to foll[ ! directions furni%$ 9 ?is treatise1 until he is sure t he has discov]$ o!rs :i* are pref]able4 ,^! cautions are giv5 to prev5t p]sons f incurr+ s]i\s losses & disappo9tm5ts1 if !y use hives :i*1 if !y are n on _! gu>d1 may tempt !m into ra% & unpr(itable c\rses1 by all[+ s easily ( all mann] ( exp]im5ts4 ,let ! practical ,api>ian rememb] t ! less he di/urbs ! /ocks on :i* he relies = surplus honey1 ! bett]4 ,aft] !y are prop]ly lodg$ 9 _! new hive1 !y ought by all means to be all[$ to c>ry on _! labors )\t any int]ruption4 ,! object ( giv+ ! control ov] e comb 9 ! hive1 is n to enable him to be incessantly tak+ !m 9 & out1 & subject+ ! bees to all sorts ( annoyances4 ,unless he is conduct+ a c\rse ( exp]im5ts1 su* int]f]5ce w be almo/ z silly z ! conduct ( *ildr5 :o pull up ! se$s :i* !y h plant$1 to see :e!r !y h spr\t$1 or h[ mu* !y h gr[n4 ,if aft] ^! cautions1 any /ill *oose to disreg>d !m1 ! blame ( _! losses w fall1 n ^u ! hive1 b ^u _! own mismanagem5t4 ,let me n1 = a mom5t1 be und]/ood z wi%+ to disc\rage inve/igation1 or to intimate t p]fection has be5 s ne>ly atta9$ t no m important discov]ies rema9 to be made4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i %\ld be glad to le>n t _m :o h ! "t & means1 are dispos$ to use ! facilities furni%$ by hives :i* give ! control ( ea* comb1 to exp]im5t on a l>ge scale2 & ,i hope t e intellig5t bee-keep] :o foll[s my plans1 w exp]im5t at lea/ on a small scale4 ,9 ?is way1 we may soon expect to see1 m satisfactorily elucidat$1 "s po9ts 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! bee1 :i* are /ill involv$ 9 d\bt4 ,hav+ describ$ ! way 9 :i* =c$ sw>ms are made1 bo? 9 common hives & 9 my own1 :5 ! ,api>ian wi%es 9 "o season m]ely to d\ble 8 colonies1 ,i %all n[ %[ 9 :at way he c secure ! l>ge/ yield ( honey1 by =m+ only "o new colony f two old ones4 ,e>ly 9 ! season1 be=e ! bees fly out1 or bett] /ill1 aft] !y ceas$ to fly 9 ! previ\s ,fall1 ! two hives f :i* ! new colony is to be =m$1 %\ld be plac$ ne> ea* o!r1 unless !y are already1 n m ?an a foot ap>t4 ,:5 ! "t = =m+ ! artificial colony has arriv$1 ^! hives %\ld be remov$ f _! /&1 & ! bees driv5 f !m1 precisely 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,if all ! bees are at home1 ,i sometimes %ut up ! hives on _! /&1 & drum long en\gh to cause ! bees to fill !mselves be=e ! hive is remov$4 ,timid ,api>ians may f9d "s advantage 9 ?is c\rse1 z ! bees w all be quiet aft] !y are well drumm$1 & ! hive may !n be remov$ ) great] safety4 ,9 five m9utes ,i c 9 ?is way r$uce any sw>m to a peaceable condition4 ,aft] ! =c$ sw>ms are secur$1 ! remov$ hives are replac$1 9 ord] to cat* up all ! return+ bees1 & ! =c$ sw>ms mu/ be %ut up1 until t[>ds sunset2 unless x is judg$ be/ to keep ! entrances tempor>ily op51 s z to secure ! return ( a suffici5t numb] ( bees to ! p>5t /ocks4 ,! old /ocks are n[ mov$ to a new place1 & manag$ accord+ to ! previ\s directions4 ,if nei!r ( ! expell$ sw>ms 0 driv5 into ! hive int5d$ = ! new colony1 !n ! prop] hive mu/ be plac$1 z ne> z possible1 9 ! c5t] ( ! space previ\sly occupi$ by ! orig9al colonies4 ,"o ( ! sw>ms mu/ n[ be %ak5 out ^u a %eet1 9 front ( ?is hive :i* %\ld be elevat$1 s z to enable ! bees to ent] x readily4 ,z soon z !y are %ak5 out1 !y %\ld be g5tly spr9kl$ ) sug>-wat] sc5t$ ) pepp]m9t1 or any o!r fragrant odor4 ,dilig5t se>* mu/ n[ be made = ! ,que51 & if f\nd1 %e %\ld be c>efully remov$1 & giv5 to ! hive to :i* %e belongs4 ,if ! que5 ( ! fir/ sw>m has be5 f\nd1 ! second colony may be %ak5 out1 & spr9kl$ 9 ! same way1 & all[$ to ent] )\t any fur!r tr\ble4 ,if ! que5 ( ! fir/ colony 0 n f\nd1 !n t ( ! second "o mu/ be s\ght =2 if nei!r c be f\nd1 7?\gh ?is1 aft] a little exp]i5ce1 w v seldom happ517 "o ( ! ,que5s w soon kill ! o!r1 & reign ov] ! unit$ family4 ,! next day1 ! d\bl$ colony w be f\nd work+ ) amaz+ vigor1 & x w n only fill its ma9 hive1 b w1 9 any ord9>y season1 ga!r l>ge quantities ( surplus honey besides4 ,! ,api>ian :o relies ^u natural sw>m+1 c d\ble 8 new colonies if !y issue at ! same "t1 by hiv+ !m toge!r1 or if ?is _c be done1 he may hive !m 9 sep>ate hives1 & !n1 t[>ds ev5+1 set "o hive on a %eet1 & %ake d[n ! bees f ! o!r1 s t !y c ent] & jo9 ! fir/4 ,x may be safely done1 ev5 if sev]al days h elaps$ be=e ! second colony sw>ms2 al?\gh 9 ?is case1 ,i pref] aft] turn+ up _! hive to spr9kle ! olde/ sw>m ) sc5t$ sug>-wat]1 & !n to give ! new sw>m ! same treatm5t4 ,i h d\bl$ natural sw>ms 9 ?is way1 repeat$ly1 & h nev]1 :5 !y 7 e>ly1 fail$ to secure f !m a l>ge quantity ( honey4 ,9 spr9kl+ bees1 let ! op]ator rememb] t !y are n to be dr5*$1 or almo/ dr[n$1 z 9 ?is case1 !y w require a long "t to ent] ! hive4 ,bees seem to recognize ea* o!r by ! s5se ( smell2 & :5 !y are made to h ! same odor1 !y w always m+le peaceably4 ,?is is ! reason :y ,i use a few drops ( pepp]m9t 9 ! sug>-wat]4 ,if "o ( ! que5s ( ! =c$ sw>ms c be return$ to h] own colony1 x w ( c\rse1 save !m ! "t :i* w\ld o!rwise be lo/ 9 rais+ ano!r4 ,i d n "k t ,i c bett] illu/rate ! importance ( ! inexp]i5c$ ,api>ian foll[+ c>efully my directions1 ?an by suppos+ him to return ! que5 to ! colony to :i* %e does n belong4 ,n[ ,i c easily imag9e t "s bee-keep] may d s1 conceiv+ t ,i am fooli%ly precise 9 my directions1 & t ! que5 might be j z well giv5 to "o hive z to ! o!r4 ,b if ?is is done be=e at lea/ #bd h\rs h elaps$ s9ce !y 7 depriv$ ( _! own1 %e w almo/ c]ta9ly be de/roy$4 ,! bees d n /+ a que5 to dea?1 b h a curi\s mode ( cr[d+ or knott+ ar\nd h]1 s t %e is soon smo!r$2 & :ile ?us imprison$1 %e w (t5 make ! same pip+ note :i* has already be5 describ$4 ,9 all ?is treatise1 ,i h con/antly aim$ to give no directions :i* are n important2 & :ile ,i utt]ly repudiate ! notion t ^! directions may n be modifi$ & improv$1 ,i am q c]ta9 t ?is _c be done by any b ^? :o h consid]able exp]i5ce 9 ! managem5t ( bees4 ,! =mation ( "o new sw>m f two old colonies1 may1 ( c\rse1 be v mu* simplifi$ by ! use ( my hives4 ,! two old hives are fir/ op5$ & spr9kl$1 & ! bees tak5 f !m & put into ! new hive 9 ! same way 9 :i* ! process 0 conduct$ :5 only "o colony 0 expell$1 "s brood comb be+ giv5 to ! unit$ family4 ,!re w be no difficulty 9 rightly proportion+ ! bees2 "o que5 may always be caught & pres]v$1 & ! op]ation may be p]=m$ at any "t :5 ! sun is above ! horizon4 ,i h no d\bt t ^? :o h a /rong /ock ( bees1 & :o are anxi\s to realize ! l>ge/ pr(its 9 honey1 w f9d ?is mode ( increase1 by f> ! simple/ & be/4 ,if judici\sly practic$1 !y w f9d t _! colonies may always be kept p[]ful1 & t !y may be manag$ ) v great economy 9 "t & labor4 ,z ,api>ians may be s situat$ z to wi% to increase _! bees q rapidly1 ,i %all give su* me?ods z f num]\s exp]im5ts1 _m ( !m conduct$ on a l>ge scale1 ,i h f\nd to be ! be/4 ,i wi% x h[ev] to be mo/ di/9ctly und]/ood1 t ,i d n consid] v rapid multiplication z likely to succe$1 except 9 ! h&s ( skillful ,api>ians2 & "u ord9>y circum/ances x requires too mu* "t1 c>e & honey1 to be ( v great practical value4 ,its *ief m]it consi/s 9 ! %ort "t :i* x requires to build up an ,api>y4 ,aft] try+ my mode ( managem5t = a few seasons1 a bee-keep] may f9d out1 t he is 9 all respects1 favorably situat$ = tak+ c>e ( a l>ge /ock ( bees4 ,suppose him to h acquir$ bo? skill & confid5ce1 & t he has t5 p[]ful colonies4 ,if he is will+ to d )\t surplus honey = "o season1 & ! honey-h>ve/ %\ld be v productive1 he may )\t fe$+1 & )\t v mu* labor1 safely increase 8 t5 colonies to ?irty4 ,if he *ooses to fe$ l>gely1 he may possibly end ! season ) fifty or sixty1 or ev5 m2 b he w probably end x 9 su* a mann] z mo/ ?or\ghly to disgu/ him ) 8 folly1 & to tea* him t 9 bee-keep+1 z well z 9 o!r ?+s1 ,ha/e makes wa/e4 ,on ! supposition t by ! "t ! fruit-trees are 9 blossom1 ! ,api>ian has1 9 hives ( my con/ruction1 t5 p[]ful colonies1 let him select f\r ( ! /ronge/1 & make f ea* a =c$ sw>m4 ,he w n[ h f\r que5less colonies1 :i* w at once1 proce$ to supply !mselves ) a "y que54 ,9 ab\t t5 days1 he may make f 8 o!r six /ocks1 six m =c$ sw>ms4 ,he w probably f9d 9 mak+ ^!1 _m seal$ que5s1 if he has delay$ ! op]ation until ab\t sw>m+ "t2 s t he may give to ea* ( ! six /ocks f :i* he has expell$ a sw>m1 ! means ( soon obta9+ ano!r4 ,if he has n en\gh = ?is purpose1 he mu/ take ! requir$ numb] f ! f\r /ocks :i* are rais+ "y que5s1 ! exact condition ( :i* ought to h be5 previ\sly asc]ta9$4 ,"s ( ^! /ocks w be f\nd to conta9 a l>ge numb] ( que5 cells4 ,hub]1 9 "o ( 8 exp]im5ts1 f\nd tw5ty-f\r 9 "o hive1 & ev5 a l>g] numb] has sometimes be5 re>$ by a s+le colony4 ,z ! ,api>ian w always h _m m que5s ?an are want$1 he ought to select ^? combs :i* conta9 a seal$ que51 s z to secure say1 ab\t fifte5 combs1 ea* ( :i* has "o or m que5s4 ,if necess>y1 he c cut out "s ( ! cells1 & adju/ !m 9 ! mann] previ\sly describ$4 ,ea* comb conta9+ a seal$ que5 mu/ be put ) all ! bees adh]+ to x1 into an empty hive2 & by a divid]1 or movable p>tition1 !y mu/ be conf9$ to ab\t "o qu>t] ( ! hive2 wat] %\ld be giv5 to !m1 & honey1 if none is conta9$ 9 ! comb4 ,i always pref] to select a comb :i* conta9s a l>ge numb] ( work]s almo/ mature1 & "s ( :i* are j beg9n+ to hat*1 s t ev5 if a consid]able numb] ( ! bees %\ld return to ! p>5t /ock1 aft] _! lib]ty is giv5 !m1 !re w /ill be a suffici5t numb] hat*$1 to att5d to ! "y1 & especially to wat* ov] ! matur+ que5s4 ,if ! comb conta9s a l>ge numb] ( bees j em]g+ f _! cells1 ,i pref] to conf9e !m only "o day1 o!rwise ,i keep !m %ut up until ab\t an h\r be=e sunset ( ! ?ird day4 ,! hives conta9+ ! small colonies1 ought1 if !y are n well protect$ by be+ made d\ble1 to be set :]e !y are ?or\ghly %elt]$ f ! int5se heat ( ! sun2 & ! v5tilators %\ld give !m an abundance ( air4 ,!y %\ld also be clos$ 9 su* a mann]1 z to keep ! int]ior 9 entire d>kness1 s t ! bees may n become too uneasy dur+ _! conf9em5t4 ,i accompli% ?is by %utt+ up _! entrance1 & replac+ _! front bo>d1 j z ?\gh ,i 7 int5d+ to put !m into w9t] qu>t]s4 ,^! small colonies ,i %all call nuclei1 & ! sy/em ( =m+ /ocks f !m1 my nucleus sy/em2 & be=e ,i describe ?is sy/em m p>ticul>ly1 ,i %all %[ o!r ways 9 :i* ! nuclei c be =m$4 ,if ! ,api>ian *ooses1 he c take a frame conta9+ bees j ready to mature1 & eggs & "y worms1 all ( ! work] k9d1 toge!r ) ! old bees :i* clu/] on x1 & %ut !m up 9 ! mann] previ\sly describ$2 ev5 if he has no seal$ que5 to give !m4 ,if all ?+s are favorable1 !y w set ab\t rais+ a que5 9 a few h\rs4 ,i once took n m ?an a tea-cup full ( bees & conf9$ !m ) a small piece ( brood comb 9 a d>k place1 & f\nd t 9 ab\t an h\r's "t1 !y _h begun to enl>ge "s ( ! cells1 to raise a new que56 ,if ! ,api>ian has seal$ que5s on h&1 !y ought1 by all means1 to be giv5 to ! nuclei1 9 ord] to save all ! "t possible4 ,i sometimes make ^! nuclei z foll[s4 ,! suitable comb ) bees c41 is tak5 f a /ock-hive1 & set 9 an empty "o1 made to /& p>tly 9 ! place ( ! old hive1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 mu/ previ\sly be mov$ a little on "o side4 ,9 ?is way1 ,i am able to direct a consid]able numb] ( ! bees f ! old /ock to my nucleus1 & ! necessity ( %utt+ x up1 is done away )4 ,if ! bees f ! old /ock d n ent] ! small "o1 9 suffici5t numb]s1 ,i sometimes close _! hive1 s t ! return+ bees c f9d no o!r place to ent]4 ,my object is n to cat* up a l>ge numb] ( bees4 ,= reasons previ\sly assign$1 ,i d n want en\gh to build new comb1 b only en\gh to adh]e to ! remov$ comb1 & raise a new que5 f ! brood1 or develop ! seal$ "o :i* has be5 giv5 !m4 ,a %ort "t aft] "o nucleus has 9 ?is way1 be5 =m$1 ano!r may be made by mov+ ! old hive aga91 & s a ?ird or f\r?1 if s _m are want$4 ,?is plan requires consid]able skill & exp]i5ce1 to secure ! "r numb] ( bees1 )\t gett+ too _m4 ,if bees are to be made to ent] a new hive1 by remov+ ! old "o f its /&1 x w always be v desirable n only to h ! new "o conta9 a piece ( comb1 b a consid]able numb] ( bees clu/]$ on t comb4 ,i repeat$ly f\nd my bees1 aft] ent]+ ! hive1 refuse to h any?+ to d ) ! brood comb1 & = a long "t1 ,i 0 unable to conjecture ! cause2 until ,i asc]ta9$ t !y 7 dissatisfi$ ) its des]t$ appe>ance1 & t1 by tak+ ! precaution to h x well cov]$ ) bees1 ,i seldom fail$ to reconcile !m to my sy/em ( =c$ colonization4 ,i c usually tell1 9 less ?an two m9utes1 :e!r ! op]ation w succe$ or n4 ,if ! return+ bees are cont5t1 !y w1 h[ev] mu* agitat$ at fir/1 soon beg9 to jo9 ! clu/] on ! comb2 :ile if !y are dissatisfi$1 !y w ab&on ! hive1 & ne>ly all ! bees t 7 orig9ally on ! comb1 w leave ) !m4 ,!y seem caprici\s 9 ?is matt]1 & are sometimes s v self-will$1 t !y refuse to h any?+ to d ) ! brood comb1 :5 ,i c see no good reason :y !y %\ld be s rebelli\s4 ,i %all "h /ate "s conjectures :i* h occurr$ to me on ?is subject4 ,is x absolutely c]ta9 t bees c raise a que5 f any egg or "y l>va :i* w\ld produce a work]8 ,or if ?is is possible1 is x c]ta9 t any k9d ( work]s c accompli% ?is8 ,hub] asc]ta9$ to 8 own satisfaction t !re 7 two k9ds ( work]s 9 a hive4 ,he ?us describes !m4 ,"o ( ^! is1 9 g5]al1 de/9$ = ! elaboration ( wax1 & its size is consid]ably enl>g$ :5 full ( honey2 ! o!r imm$iately imp>ts :at x has collect$ to its companions1 its abdom5 und]goes no s5sible *ange1 or x reta9s only ! honey necess>y = its own subsi/5ce4 ,! p>ticul> function ( ! bees ( ?is k9d is to take c>e ( ! "y1 = !y are n *>g$ ) provision+ ! hive4 ,9 opposition to ! wax work]s1 we %all call !m small bees or nurses4 ,al?\gh ! ext]nal diff]5ce be inconsid]able1 ?is is n an imag9>y di/9ction4 ,anatomical obs]vations prove t ! capacity ( ! /oma* is n ! same--exp]im5ts h asc]ta9$ t "o ( ! species _c fulfil all ! functions %>$ among ! work]s ( a hive4 ,we pa9t$ ^? ( ea* class ) diff]5t colors1 9 ord] to /udy _! proce$+s2 & ^! 7 n int]*ang$4 ,9 ano!r exp]im5t1 aft] supply+ a hive depriv$ ( a que5 ) brood & poll51 we saw ! small bees quickly occupi$ 9 nutrition ( ! l>v1 :ile ^? ( ! wax work+ class neglect$ !m4 ,small bees also produce wax1 b 9 a v inf]ior quantity to :at is elaborat$ by ! real wax work]s4 ,n[ if ^! /atem5ts c be reli$ on1 & ?us f> ,i h ne>ly always f\nd ,hub]'s /atem5ts1 :]e-ev] ,i _h an opportunity to te/ !m1 to be mo/ wond]fully reliable1 !n x may be t :5 bees refuse to clu/] on ! brood comb & to proce$ at once to re> a new que51 x is because !y f9d t "s ( ! conditions necess>y = success are want+4 ,ei!r !re may n be a suffici5t numb] ( wax-work]s1 to enl>ge ! cells1 or a suffici5t numb] ( nurses to take *>ge ( ! l>v2 or x may be t ! cells conta9 only "y wax-work]s :i* _c be develop$ into que5s1 or only "y nurses1 :i* may be 9 ! same pr$icam5t4 ,if any ( my read]s imag9e t ! "w ( c>efully exp]im5t+1 9 ord] to e/abli% facts ^u ! solid basis ( complete demon/ration1 is an easy "w1 let !m attempt n[ to prove or disprove ! tru? ( any or all ( my conjectures ^u ?is s+le topic4 ,!y w probably f9d ! task m difficult ?an to blot ov] :ole quires & reams ( pap] ) c>eless ass]tions4 ,all op]ations ( any k9d :i* int]f]e 9 ! v lea/1 ) ! natural mode ( =m+ colonies1 are be/ p]=m$ 9 ! sw>m+ season3 or at lea/1 at a "t :5 ! bees are bre$+ freely1 & are able to br+ 9 l>ge /ores ( honey f ! fields4 ,at o!r times1 !y are v prec>i\s1 & unless "u ! managem5t ( p]sons :o h great exp]i5ce1 !y w 9 mo/ cases1 end 9 no?+ b vexati\s losses & disappo9tm5ts4 ,x is q amus+ to see h[ bees act1 :5 !y f9d1 on _! return f =ag+ abroad1 t _! hive has be5 mov$1 & ano!r put 9 its place4 ,if ! new hive is precisely simil> to _! own1 9 size & outw>d appe>ance1 !y ent] x z ?\gh all 0 "r2 b 9 a few mom5ts1 !y ru% out 9 viol5t agitation1 imag9+ t !y h made a prodigi\s mi/ake & h ent]$ ! wrong place4 ,!y n[ take w+ aga9 9 ord] to correct _! blund]1 b f9d to _! increas+ surprise1 t !y _h previ\sly direct$ _! flight to ! famili> spot2 aga9 !y ent]1 & aga9 !y tumble out1 9 bewild]$ cr[ds1 until1 at l5g?1 if !y c f9d ! means ( rais+ a new que51 or "o is already !re1 !y seem to make up _! m9ds t if ?is is n home1 x n only looks l x1 b /&s j :]e _! home ought to be1 & is at all ev5ts ! only home !y are likely to get4 ,no d\bt !y (t5 feel t a v h>d b>ga9 has be5 impos$ ^u !m1 b !y seem g5]ally det]m9$ to make ! be/ ( x4 ,!re is "o trait 9 ! "* ( bees1 = :i* ,i feel1 n m]ely admiration1 b ! mo/ pr(\nd respect4 ,su* is _! indomitable en]gy & p]sev]ance1 t "u circum/ances app>5tly ! mo/ despair+1 !y w /ill labor to ! utmo/1 to retrieve _! losses1 & su/a9 ! s9k+ /ate4 ,s long z !y h a que51 or any prospect ( rais+ "o1 !y /ruggle mo/ vigor\sly aga9/ imp5d+ ru91 & nev] give up1 unless _! condition is absolutely desp]ate4 ,9 "o ( my obs]v+ hives1 ,i once _h a colony ( bees1 ! :ole ( :i* might h be5 spread out on my two h&s1 busy at "w 9 rais+ a new que51 f a small piece ( brood comb4 ,= two long weeks1 !y adh]$ ) unfail+ p]sev]ance & indu/ry1 to _! =lorn hope3 until at la/1 "o ( ! two que5s :i* !y rais$1 came =?1 & de/roy$ ! o!r :ile /ill 9 h] cell4 ,! bees _h n[ dw9dl$ away to less ?an half _! orig9al numb]1 & ! new que5 _h w+s s imp]fect t %e 0 unable to fly4 ,i wat*$ _! proce$+s ) great int]e/2 !y actually paid v unusual att5tion to ?is crippl$ que51 & treat$ h] m z !y are wont to treat a f]tile "o4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a week1 !re 7 n m ?an a doz5 left 9 ! hive1 & 9 a few days m1 ,i miss$ ! que51 & saw only a few disconsolate wret*es crawl+ ov] ! des]t$ comb6 ,%ame ^u ! fa9t-he>t$ & c[>dly ( our own race1 :o1 if ov]tak5 by calamity1 in/ead ( nobly brea/+ ! d>k wat]s ( affliction1 & manfully buffett+ ) _! tumultu\s waves1 meanly resign !mselves to _! ignoble fate1 & s9k & p]i% :]e !y might h liv$ & triumph$2 & d\ble %ame ^u ^? :o ?us fa9t 9 ! day ( adv]sity1 :5 liv+ 9 a ,*ri/ian l&1 !y might1 if !y w\ld only receive ! ^w ( ,god1 & op5 ! eye ( fai?1 behold a b[ ( promise spann+ ! /ill /ormy cl\ds1 & he> a voice bidd+ !m1 l ! great apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles1 le>n n m]ely to rejoice 9 hope ( ! glory ( ,god1 b to glory 9 tribulations also4 ,i h be5 in=m$ by ,mr4 ,wagn]1 t ,dzi]zon has rec5tly devis$ a plan ( =m+ nuclei1 sub/antially ! same ) my own4 ,8 book1 h[ev]1 contemplates hav+ two ,api>ies1 ?ree or f\r miles ap>t1 & 8 plans = multiply+ colonies1 z !re describ$1 7 bas$ ^u ! supposition t ! ,api>ian w h two su* e/abli%m5ts4 ,su* an arrangem5t w\ld no d\bt v greatly facilitate _m op]ations4 ,our =c$ sw>ms might all be remov$ f ! ,api>y :]e !y 7 =m$1 to ! o!r1 & our nuclei treat$ 9 ! same way1 & !re w\ld be no necessity = conf9+ ! bees aft] _! removal4 ,!re are h[ev]1 weighty objections to su* an arrangem5t1 :i* w prev5t x1 at lea/ = "s "t1 f be+ ext5sively adopt$4 ,! labor ( remov+ ! bees backw>ds & =w>ds1 is a s]i\s objection to ! :ole plan2 & 9 addition to ?is1 ! necessity ( hav+ a skillful ,api>ian at ea* e/abli%m5t1 puts its adoption out ( ! "q1 ) mo/ p]sons :o keep bees4 ,x might answ]1 h[ev]1 if two bee-keep]s1 suffici5tly f> ap>t1 w\ld ent] into p>tn]%ip1 & manage _! bees z a jo9t conc]n4 ,dzi]zon's new plan ( creat+ nuclei1 is z foll[s4 ,t[>ds ev5+1 remove a piece ( brood comb1 ) eggs & bees j hat*+1 & put x1 ) a suffici5t numb] ( mature bees1 into an empty hive2 !re mu/ be en\gh to keep ! brood f be+ *ill$ ov] night4 ,if ! op]ation is p]=m$ s late t ! bees are n dispos$ to take w+ & leave ! hive1 by morn+ a suffici5t numb] w h hat*$1 to supply ! place ( ^? :i* may ab&on ! nucleus4 ,9 my num]\s exp]im5ts la/ ,summ]1 9 ! =mation ( artificial sw>ms1 ,i tri$ ?is plan & f\nd t x answ]$ a good purpose2 ! *ief objection to x1 is ! difficulty (t5 ( select+ ! suitable k9d ( comb1 if ! op]ation is delay$ until late 9 ! aft]noon4 ,i pref]1 !re=e1 to p]=m x1 :5 ! sun is an h\r or two high1 & to conf9e ! bees until d>k4 ,if !re are n a suffici5t numb] ( bees on ! comb1 ,i %ake (f "s f ano!r frame1 directly into ! hive1 & %ut !m all up1 giv+ !m a supply ( wat]4 ,seal$ que5s if possible1 %\ld be us$ 9 all ^! op]ations4 ,i %all n[ give a novel mode ( creat+ nuclei1 :i* ,i h devis$1 & :i* ,i f9d to be att5d$ ) great success4 ,hive a new sw>m 9 ! usual mann]1 9 an old box1 & z soon z ! bees h ent]$ x1 %ut !m up & c>ry !m d[n into ! cell>4 ,ab\t an h\r be=e sunset1 take combs suitable to =m z _m nuclei z y judge be/1 say five or six1 or ev5 eight or t5 if ! sw>m 0 l>ge1 & y ne$ z _m4 ,br+ up ! new sw>m & %ake x out ^u a %eet1 spr9kl+ x g5tly ) sug>-wat]4 ,) a l>ge tumbl] or sauc]1 scoop up )\t hurt+ any ( ! bees1 a p9t or m ( !m1 & place !m be=e ! m\? ( "o ( ! hives conta9+ a brood comb2 repeat ! process1 until ea* nucleus has1 say1 a qu>t ( bees4 ,if y see ! que51 y may give ! hive 9 :i* y put h]1 ?ree or f\r times z _m bees z any o!r2 & ! next day x may be /r5g!n$ ) a few combs conta9+ brood1 j ready to mature4 ,if y did n f9d h]1 at ! "t ( =m+ ! nuclei1 :5 y aft]w>ds exam9e !m1 ! "o :i* conta9s h] may be prop]ly re9=c$ ) bees & comb1 s z to enable x to "w to ! be/ advantage4 ,if ?is plan ( =m+ nuclei1 7 attempt$ e>li] 9 ! aft]noon x w\ld be difficult to prev5t ! bees f communicat+ on ! w+1 & all go+ to ! hive :i* conta9$ _! que54 ,if h[ev]1 ! bees :5 fir/ %ak5 out ( ! tempor>y hive1 are s ?or\ghly spr9kl$1 z n to be able to take w+ & unite toge!r1 ?is mode ( =m+ colonies may be practic$ at any h\r ( ! day2 & an exp]i5c$ ,api>ian may pref] to d x1 z soon z he has fairly hiv$ ! new sw>m4 ,:5 ! bees are %ak5 out 9 front ( a hive :i* has a seal$ que51 or eggs f :i* !y c raise "o1 hav+ a :ole night 9 :i* to accu/om !mselves to _! new situation1 !y w be f\nd1 ! next day1 to adh]e to ! place :]e !y 7 put1 ) z mu* t5acity z a natural sw>m does to _! new hive4 ,h[ wond]ful t ! act ( sw>m+ %\ld s ?or\ghly impress ^u ! bees1 an absolute indisposition to return to ! p>5t /ock4 ,if ?is 7 a fix$ & inv>iable unwill+ness1 a sort ( bl9d1 unreason+ in/9ct1 x w\ld n be s surpris+1 b we h already se5 t 9 case ! bees lose _! que51 !y return 9 a v %ort "t to ! /ock f :i* !y issu$6 ,if ! nuclei =m$ 9 ! mann] j describ$1 f\nd 9 _! new hive1 no means ( obta9+ a que51 !y w\ld all return1 next morn+1 to ! p>5t /ock4 ,:5 ! ,api>ian c obta9 a natural sw>m f any o!r ,api>y1 x may be divid$ into nuclei 9 ! same way1 & ev5 a =c$ sw>m1 if br\ght f a di/ance1 w answ] equally well4 ,if ! ,api>ian wi%es to =m colonies e>li] ?an ! season ( natural sw>m+1 & _c conv5i5tly obta9 a =c$ sw>m f an ,api>y1 at lea/ a mile di/ant1 he may1 be=e ! bees beg9 to fly out 9 ! ,spr+1 transport "o ( 8 /ocks to a neighbor's1 & =ce f x a sw>m at ! desir$ "t4 ,ev5 if x is mov$ n m ?an half a mile (f1 ! op]ation w be almo/ sure to succe$4 ,( all modes ( =m+ ! nuclei1 ?is ,i believe w be f\nd to be ! neate/1 simple/ & be/4 ,hav+ ?us describ$ ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* ,i h successfully =m$ my nuclei1 ,i %all n[ %[ h[ !y may be all built up into p[]ful /ocks4 ,x w be v obvi\s t on ! ord9>y plan ( managem5t1 !y w\ld be absolutely wor?less1 ev5 if x 7 possible to =m !m ) ! common hives4 ,if !y 7 n f$1 !y w\ld be unable to collect ! means ( build+ new comb1 & w\ld gradually dw9dle away1 j z ?ird or f\r? sw>ms :i* issue late 9 ! season2 nor c\ld !y be sav$ ev5 by ! mo/ g5]\s fe$+1 z !y w\ld only use _! supplies to fill up ! little comb !y _h2 s t :5 ! que5 0 ready to lay1 !re w\ld be no empty cells to receive h] eggs1 & too few bees to build any1 ev5 if !y _h all ! honey t !y requir$4 ,su* small colonies mu/ gradually wa/e away1 unless !y c be spe$ily & effectually suppli$ ) ! requisite numb] ( bees1 & ?is c be done only by hives :i* give ! control ( all ! combs4 ,) su* hives1 ,i c spe$ily build up my nuclei1 7provid$ ,i h n =m$ too _m17 to ! /r5g? necess>y to make !m p[]ful /ocks4 ,! hives conta9+ !m1 ought if possible1 to /& at "s di/ance f o!r hives1 say two or ?ree feet3 & if ?is _c conv5i5tly be done1 !y %\ld 9 "s way1 be s di/+ui%$ f ! adjo9+ hives1 t ! "y que5s :5 !y are hat*$ & g out to seek ! drones1 w n be liable to lose _! lives by ent]+ a wrong hive on _! return4 ,a small leafy twig fa/5$ on ! alight+ bo>d ( su* hives1 :5 !y /& ne> to o!rs1 w be almo/ sure to prev5t su* a cata/rophe3 if !y /& ne> to ea* o!r1 "s may be m>k$ 9 ?is way1 & o!rs ) a piece ( color$ clo?4 7,see ,page #aei47 ,to gu>d !m aga9/ robb]s1 c41 ! entrances to ^! nuclei %\ld be contract$1 s t only a few bees c ent] at once4 ,^? :i* 7 conf9$1 %\ld be exam9$1 ! day aft] _! lib]ty is giv5 to !m2 ! o!rs1 ! day aft] !y 7 =m$1 :51 if !y 7 n suppli$ ) a seal$ que51 !y w be f\nd actively engag$ 9 con/ruct+ royal cells4 ,a new range ( comb %\ld n[ be giv5 to ea* "o1 & x %\ld conta9 no old bees1 b brood rapidly matur+1 & if possible1 eggs & worms only a few days old4 ,?is new addition ( /r5g? w greatly enc\rage ! nuclei1 & give !m ! means ( />t+ "y que5s1 if !y h n succe$$ 9 do+ s ) ! fir/ comb4 ,i h v frequ5tly f\nd t = "s cause :i* ,i h n yet asc]ta9$1 !y (t5 />t a l>ge numb] ( que5 cells1 :i* 9 a few days1 are all discont9u$ & unt5ant$4 ,! second attempt seldom fails4 ,does practice 9 ?is ?+ make !m m exp]t8 ,b ,i w simply /ate ! fact1 ref]r+ to my conjectures on page #bah2 & rem>k+ t :5 !y make a second attempt1 !y seem frequ5tly dispos$ to />t a mu* l>g] numb] ?an !y o!rwise w\ld h done4 ,9 two or ?ree days aft] giv+ !m ! fir/ piece ( comb1 ,i give !m ano!r1 if _! que5 is ne>ly mature1 & ,i n[ let !m alone until %e ought to be deposit+ eggs 9 ! hive4 ,i !n give !m1 at int]vals ( a few days1 two or ?ree combs m1 & !y w n[ be suffici5tly p[]ful 9 bees1 to ga!r l>ge quantities ( honey1 & fill ! empty "p ( _! hive4 ,! "y que5 is supply+ ) ?\s&s ( work]-eggs1 ! cells f :i* ! brood has em]g$1 & also ! new ones built by ! bees1 & ! new colony w soon be "o ( ! be/ /ock hives 9 ! ,api>y4 ,if "s ( ! full frames are mov$1 & empty ones plac$ betwe5 !m1 z soon z ! bees beg9 to build p[]fully1 !re ne$ be no guide combs on ! empty frames1 & /ill ! "w w be execut$ ) ! mo/ beautiful regul>ity4 ,b :at1 9 ! mean "t1 is ! condition ( ! hives f :i* we are tak+ s _m brood combs = ! prop] developm5t ( our nuclei2 are !y n weak5$ s mu* z to become q enfeebl$8 ,i come n[ to ! v turn+ po9t ( ! :ole nucleus sy/em4 ,if due judgm5t has n be5 us$1 & ! sangu9e bee-keep] has endeavor$ to multiply 8 colonies too rapidly1 a mo/ griev\s disappo9tm5t awaits him4 ,ei!r 8 nuclei _c be /r5g!n$ at ! "r "t1 or ?is c be done1 only by impov]i%+ ! old /ocks1 & ! result ( ! :ole op]ation w be a mo/ decid$ failure1 & if he is 9 ! vic9ity ( sug>-h\ses1 confection>ies1 or o!r tempt+ places ( bee resort1 he w f9d ! population ( 8 colonies v s]i\sly dim9i%$1 & w h to break up ! mo/ ( ! nuclei :i* he _h =m$1 & incur ! dang] ( los+ ne>ly ! :ole ( 8 /ock4 ,i lay x d[n z a fundam5tal pr9ciple 9 my nucleus sy/em1 t ! old /ocks mu/ nev] be s mu* weak5$ by ! removal ( brood-comb & bees t !y are n able to keep _! numb]s suffici5tly /rong to refill rapidly all ! vacancies among _! combs4 ,if ! ,api>ian attempts to multiply 8 /ocks s rapidly t ?is _c be done1 ,i w ensure him ample cause to rep5t at leisure ( 8 folly4 ,if h[ev]1 ! attempt at v rapid multiplication is made only by ^? :o are favorably situat$1 & :o h skill 9 ! managem5t ( bees1 a v l>ge ga9 may be made 9 ! numb] ( /ocks1 & !y may all be /rong & fl\ri%+4 ,if a /rong /ock ( bees 9 a hive ( mod]ate size1 :i* admits ( ?or\gh inspection1 is exam9$ at ! height ( ! honey h>ve/1 ne>ly all ! cells w (t5 be f\nd fill$ ) brood1 honey or bee-bread4 ,! great lay+ ( ! que51 accord+ to "s writ]s1 is n[ ov]1 n h[ev] z !y errone\sly imag9e1 because h] f]tility has decreas$1 b m]ely because !re is n room 9 ! hive = all h] eggs4 ,%e may (t5 be se5 re/lessly trav]s+ ! combs1 seek+ 9 va9 = empty cells1 until f9d+ none1 %e is compell$ to extrude h] eggs only to be dev\r$ by ! bees4 7,see p4 #eb47 ,if "s ( ! full combs are remov$1 & empty ones sub/itut$ 9 _! place1 %e w spe$ily fill !m1 lay+ at ! rate ( two or ?ree ?\s& a day6 ,:5 my /rong /ocks are f "t to "t depriv$ ( "o or two combs1 if honey c easily be procur$1#ai ! bees proce$ at once to replace !m1 & ! que5 comm5ces lay+ 9 ! new combs z soon z ! cells are fairly />t$4 ,if ! combs are n remov$ too fa/1 & c>e is tak5 n to deprive ! /ock ( s mu* brood t ! bees _c keep up a vigor\s population1 a que5 9 a hive s manag$1 w lay h] eggs 9 cells to be nurtur$ by ! bees1 in/ead ( be+ eat5 up2 & ?us1 9 ! c\rse ( ! season1 %e may become ! "m ( ?ree or f\r times z _m bees1 z are re>$ 9 a hive "u o!r circum/ances4 ,by c>eful managem5t1 brood en\gh may1 9 ?is way1 be tak5 f a s+le hive1 to build up a l>ge numb] ( nuclei4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! season h[ev]1 z su* a hive has be5 con/antly task$ 9 build+ comb & fe$+ "y bees1 almo/ all its honey w h be5 us$ = ^! purposes1 & al?\gh x may be v popul\s1 unless x is lib]ally f$1 x w be sure to p]i%4 ,s9ce ! discov]y t unbolt$ rye fl\r w answ] s admirably z a sub/itute = poll51 we c supply ! bees n only ) honey1 :5 none c be obta9$ f ! blossoms1 b ) an abundance ( bee-bread1 :5 poll5 is sc>ce4 ,z ,i am writ+ ?is *apt]1 7,m>* #bi1 #ahec17 my bees are zeal\sly engag$ 9 tak+ ! fl\r f "s old combs 9 front ( _! hives1 & !y c be se5 mo/ beautifully m\ld+ ! little pellets on _! ?ighs4 ,by my movable combs1 ,i c give !m ! fl\r at once 9 _! hives1 z x c easily be rubb$ into an empty comb4 ,! importance ( ,dzi]zon's discov]s ( a sub/itute = poll51 c h>dly be ov]-e/imat$4 ,if he _h done no?+ m = ! cause ( ,api>ian sci5ce1 no true-he>t$ bee-keep] w\ld ev] all[ 8 "n to be =gott54 ,9 ! ,*apt] on ,fe$+1 ,i %all give m specific directions z to ! way 9 :i* ! cultivator mu/ fe$ 8 bees1 :5 he aims at increas+1 z rapidly z possible1 ! numb] ( 8 /ocks4 ,unless ?is "w is done ) great judgm5t1 he w f9d (t5 t ! m he fe$s1 ! less bees he has 9 8 hives1 ! cells be+ all occupi$ ) honey in/ead ( brood4 ,su* is ! passion ( bees = /or+ away honey1 t l>ge supplies ( x w always mo/ s]i\sly int]f]e ) bre$+1 unless ! bees are suffici5tly num]\s to build new comb 9 :i* ! que5 c f9d room = h] eggs4 ,i h no d\bt t "s :o h b little exp]i5ce 9 ! managem5t ( bees1 are ready to imag9e t !y c\ld easily /rike out a simpl] & bett] way ( increas+ ! numb] ( colonies4 ,= in/ance3 let a full hive h half its comb & bees put into an empty hive1 & ! "w ( d\bl+1 is )\t fur!r tr\ble1 effectually accompli%$4 ,b :at w ! que5less hive d1 "u su* circum/ances8 ,:y1 build ( c\rse1 que5 cells1 & re> ano!r4 ,b :at k9d ( comb w !y fill _! hives )1 be=e ! "y que5 beg9s to bre$8 ,( t1 p]haps1 y _h nev] ?\ght4 ,let me n[ lay d[n ! only safe rule = all :o engage 9 ! multiplication ( artificial sw>ms4 ,nev]1 "u any circum/ances1 take s mu* comb & brood f y\r /ock hives1 z s]i\sly to r$uce _! numb]s4 ,?is %\ld be to ! ,api>ian1 z ! law ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 :i* alt]e? n4 ,suppose t ,i divide a popul\s /ock1 ab\t sw>m+ season1 into f\r or five colonies2 ! /rong probability is1 t n "o ( !m1 if left to !mselves1 w be /rong en\gh to survive ! ,w9t]4 ,if f$ 9 ! ord9>y way1 & yet n suppli$ ) combs & bees1 _! ru9 w (t5 be only accel]at$4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ,i _h tak51 f "t to "t1 combs suffici5t to =m ?ree or f\r nuclei1 & _h /r5g!n$ ! new colonies1 9 su* a way z n to draw too sev]ely ^u ! res\rces ( ! p>5t /ock1 ,i might expect to see !m all1 9 due "t1 /rong & fl\ri%+4 ,9 ! ,spr+ ( ! ye>1 if ,i desire to det]m9e ! /r5g? ( a colony pr9cipally to rais+ "y bees1 ,i c easily effect x by ! foll[+ plan4 ,a box is made1 ( ! same inside dim5sions ) ! l[] hive1 into :i* ! combs & bees ( a full hive c all be transf]r$1 z soon z ! bees are ga!r+ honey en\gh to build new combs4 ,?is box is n[ set ov] ! old hive1 :i* conta9s its complem5t ( frames ) guide combs1 or bett] /ill1 ) empty combs4 ,z soon z ! bees beg9 to build1 !y take possession ( ! l[] hive1 ?r\gh :i* !y g 9 & out1 & ! que5 desc5ds ) !m1 9 ord] to lay h] eggs 9 ! l[] combs4 ,z soon z ! old ap>tm5t becomes pretty well fill$1 a l>ge numb] ( combs ) matur+ bees1 may be tak5 f ! upp] "o1 & :5 ! hive bel[ is full1 !y may all be safely remov$4 ,if none ( ! upp] combs are remov$1 !y w be fill$ ) honey1 z soon z ! brood is hat*$2 & z !y w conta9 l>ge /ores ( bee-bread1 !y w answ] admirably = repl5i%+ /ocks :i* h an insuffici5t supply4 ,9 no o!r way1 s f> z ,i "k1 c s mu* honey be secur$1 & if quantity1 n quality1 is aim$ at1 or if ! te/ ( quality is its fitness = ! use ( ! bees1 ,i w\ld recomm5d ?is mode z sup]ior to any o!r4 ,if two sw>ms are hiv$ toge!r1 or a v p[]ful /ock is lodg$ 9 a hive1 s t at once !y c h access to ! upp] ap>tm5t1 an extraord9>y quantity ( honey c be secur$1 & ( a v excell5t quality4 ,z soon z ! bees h rais$ "o g5]ation ( "y1 9 ! combs ( ! upp] box1 or r 9 a "p ( !m1 !y w use x *iefly = /or+ honey1 & all t x conta9s may be tak5 f !m4 ,9 flavor1 x w be f\nd to be ne>ly z good z honey /or$ 9 :at is call$ virg9 comb4 ,9 ! ,*apt] on ! ,requisites ( a good hive1 ,i h said t 9 size x %\ld be adapt$ to ! natural in/9cts ( ! bee1 & yet admit ( enl>g+ or contract+1 accord+ to ! wants ( ! colony plac$ 9 x4 ,i nev] use a hive1 ! ma9 ap>tm5t ( :i*1 holds less ?an a ,w9*e/] bu%el4 ,if small colonies are plac$ 9 su* a hive1 x mu/ be tempor>ily p>tition$ (f1 to suit ! size ( its inmates2 = if bees h too mu* room giv5 to !m1 !y _c conc5trate _! animal heat1 & are s mu* disc\rag$ t !y (t5 ab&on _! hive4 ,i am aw>e t _m judici\s ,api>ians recomm5d hives ( mu* small] dim5sions1 & ,i %all n[ give my reasons = us+ "o s l>ge4 ,if a hive is too small1 !n 9 ! ,spr+1 ! combs are soon fill$ ) honey1 bee-bread & brood1 & ! surpris+ f]tility ( ! que5 bee1 c be turn$ to no effici5t acc\nt4 ,if ! honey-h>ve/ 9 any ye>1 is defici5t1 su* a colony is v apt to p]i% 9 ! succe$+ ,w9t]2 :]eas 9 a l>ge hive1 ! honey /or$ up 9 a fruitful season1 is a res]ve supply1 9 "t ( ne$4 ,9 v l>ge hives1 ,i h se5 l>ge accumulations ( honey :i* h be5 unt\*$ = ye>s1 :ile on ! same /&1 /ocks ( ab\t ! same age1 9 small hives h p]i%$ by />vation4 ,a good e>ly sw>m 9 any situation at all favorable1 w fill1 ! fir/ season1 a hive t holds a bu%el3 & if !re is any location 9 :i* !y _c d ?is1 a d\bl$ sw>m %\ld be put into ! hive1 or bee-keep+ may1 z f> z pr(it is conc]n$1 be ab&on$4 ,b x may be object$ t if ! sw>m 0 n suffici5tly /rong to fill _! hive1 ! bees (t5 suff] f ! cold 9 ,w9t]1 & become too mu* r$uc$ 9 numb]s1 to build e>ly & rapidly 9 ! ensu+ ,spr+4 ,?is is und\bt$ly true1 & h5ce ! great importance ( putt+ a g5]\s all[ance ( bees into a hive at ! fir/ />t1 unless1 z on my plan1 ! requisite /r5g? c be giv5 to !m1 at a subsequ5t p]iod4 ,! hive1 if l>ge1 %\ld be all ! m c>efully protect$ f extremes ( cold1 9 ord] to give ! bees an opportunity ( develop+ _! natural p[]s ( re-production1 to ! be/ advantage4 ,9 su* a hive1 ! que5 w be able to bre$ almo/ e mon? 9 ! ye>1 ev5 9 ! colde/ climates :]e bees fl\ri%1 & on ! return ( ,spr+1 ?\s&s ( "y bees w be f\nd 9 x1 :i* c\ld n h be5 br$ 9 a small1 or badly protect$ hive4 ,! ,poli% hives describ$ by ,mr4 ,dohiogo/1 h already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,"s ( ^! hold ab\t ?ree bu%els1 & yet ! bees sw>m f !m ) great regul>ity1 & ! sw>ms are (t5 ( imm5se size4 ,^! hives are admirably protect$1 & at ! "t ( hiv+ at lea/ f\r times ! numb] ( bees are lodg$ 9 !m1 t are ord9>ily put into "o ( our hives4 ,! que5 bee1 9 su* a hive1 has ample room to lay h] ?ree ?\s& eggs1 or m1 daily3 & a prodigi\s colony is rais$1 :i* (t5 /ores enorm\s supplies ( honey4 ,z all ! frames 9 my hives are ( ! same dim5sions1 ! size ( ! hive may be conv5i5tly v>i$1 to suit ! views ( diff]5t bee-keep]s2 = !y may be l>ge or small1 accord+ to ! numb] ( frames design$ to be us$4 ,i hope1 be=e long1 to exp]im5t ) hives z l>ge aga91 z ^? t ,i n[ use2 or r1 ) su*1 z by conta9+ an upp] box1 may be made to accommodate twice z _m bees4 ,?is :ole subject ( ! prop] size ( hives1 c]ta9ly ne$s to be tak5 entirely out ( ! region ( conjecture1 & to be put ^u ! basis ( c>eful obs]vations4 ,unque/ionably ! size w require1 9 "s respects1 to be modifi$ by ! m or less favorable "* ( ! c\ntry = bee-keep+2 b ,i am satisfi$ t small hives w be f\nd ( b little pr(it1 & t l>ge ones1 unless well /ock$ ) bees1 f ! fir/1 & ?or\ghly protect$1 w (t5 fail to answ] any good end4 ,if ,i %\ld f9d on fur!r exp]im5t1 t ! v l>ge hives ( :i* ,i h spok51 are bett]1 my hives are at pres5t s con/ruct$ t )\t any alt]ation ( exi/+ p>ts1 !y c easily be suppli$ ) ! requir$ additions4 ,i h already m5tion$ t ,i sometimes build my hives1 ?ree 9 "o /ructure1 9 ord] to save exp5se 9 _! con/ruction4 ,i d n h[ev]1 wi% to be consid]$ z recomm5d+ su* hives z ! be/ = g5]al use4 ,= "s purposes a s+le hive is unque/ionably ! be/1 z x c be easily mov$ by "o p]son2 & ?is1 w _m times be f\nd to be a po9t ( great importance4 ,! d\ble hives1 or two 9 "o1 are = mo/ purposes1 decid$ly ! be/1 z well z ! *eape/4 ,i h q rec5tly contriv$ a plan ( con/ruct+ my wood5 hives 9 su* a mann] z to give !m v great protection aga9/ extremes ( heat & cold1 :ile at ! same "t !y c be easily & *eaply made1 by any "o :o c h&le ! simple/ me*anical tools4 ,x has be5 previ\sly /at$ t ! que5 bee _c be induc$ to /+1 by any k9d ( treatm5t h[ev] sev]e4 ,! reason ( ?is /range unwill+ness to use h] natural & p[]ful weapon1 w be obvi\s1 :5 we consid] h[ indisp5sable ! pres]vation ( h] life is to ! v exi/5ce ( ! colony1 & t h] s+le /+1 ! loss ( :i* w\ld be h] dea?1 c\ld avail b little = _! def5ce1 9 case ( an attack4 ,%e nev] uses h] weapon1 except :5 engag$ 9 mortal combat ) ano!r que54 ,z soon z ! two rivals come toge!r1 !y cl9*1 at once1 ) e demon/ration ( ! mo/ v9dictive hatr$4 ,:y !n1 are n bo? ( !m (t5 de/roy$8 & :y are n hives1 9 ! sw>m+ season1 almo/ c]ta9 to become que5less8 ,we c nev] suffici5tly admire ! provision s simple & yet s effectual1 by :i* su* a calamity is prev5t$4 ,! que5 bee nev] /+s unless %e has su* an advantage 9 ! combat1 t %e c curve h] body "u t ( h] rival1 9 su* a mann] z to inflict a deadly w\nd1 )\t any risk ( be+ /ung h]self6 ,! mom5t t ! position ( ! two combatants is su* t nei!r has ! advantage1 & t bo? are liable to p]i%1 !y n only refuse to /+1 b dis5gage !mselves1 & susp5d _! conflict = a %ort "t6 ,if x 7 n = ?is peculi>ity ( in/9ct1 su* combats w\ld v (t5 t]m9ate 9 ! dea? ( bo? ! p>ties1 & ! race ( bees w\ld be 9 dang] ( becom+ ext9ct4 ,! unwill+ness ( a sw>m ( bees1 :i* has be5 depriv$ ( its que51 to receive ano!r1 until aft] "s "t has elaps$1 mu/ always be borne 9 m9d1 by ^? :o h any?+ to d ) mak+ artificial sw>ms4 ,ab\t #bd h\rs mu/ elapse be=e x w be safe to introduce a /range "m into a que5less hive2 & ev5 !n1 if %e is n f]tile1 %e w run a great risk ( be+ de/roy$4 ,to prev5t su* losses1 ,i adopt ! ,g]man plan ( conf9+ ! que51 9 :at !y call1 a que5 cage4 ,a small hole1 ab\t z l>ge z a ?imble1 may be g\g$ out ( a block1 & cov]$ ov] ) wire gauze1 or any o!r k9d ( p]=at$ cov]1 s t :5 ! que5 is put 91 ! bees _c ent] to de/roy h]4 ,be=e long1 !y w cultivate an acqua9tance1 by ?ru/+ _! ant5n ?r\gh to h]2 s t1 :5 %e is lib]at$ ! next day1 !y w gladly adopt h] 9 place ( ! "o !y h lo/4 ,if a hole l>ge en\gh = h] to creep out1 is clos$ ) wax1 !y w gnaw ! wax away1 & lib]ate h] !mselves1 f h] conf9em5t4 ,que5s t seem b5t on dep>t+ to ! woods1 may be conf9$ 9 ! same way1 until ! colony has giv5 up all ?\ghts ( =sak+ its hive4 ,a small pa/e-bo>d box ) suitable holes1 or a wood5 mat*-box ?or\ghly scald$1 ,i h f\nd to answ] a v good purpose4 ,i %all "h describe :at may be call$ a ,que5 ,nurs]y :i* ,i h contriv$ to aid ^? :o are engag$ 9 ! rapid multiplication ( colonies by artificial means4 ,a solid block ab\t an in* & a qu>t] ?ick1 is sub/itut$ = "o ( my frames2 holes1 ab\t "o & a half in*es 9 diamet]1 are bor$ ?r\gh x1 & cov]$ on bo? sides1 ) gauze wire slides2 ! wire ought to be su* z w all[ a common bee to pass ?r\gh1 b %\ld be too small to p]mit a que5 to d ! same4 ,any k9d ( p]=at$ cov] may be made to answ] ! same purpose z ! gauze wire4 ,if a numb] ( seal$ que5s are on h&1 & !re is dang] t "s may hat*1 & de/roy ! o!rs1 be=e ! ,api>ian c make use ( !m 9 =m+ artificial sw>ms1 he may v c>efully cut out ! combs conta9+ !m1 & place !m ea* 9 a sep>ate cradle6 ,! bees hav+ access to !m1 w give !m prop] att5tion1 & z soon z !y are hat*$1 w supply !m ) food1 & ?us !y w always be on h& = use :5 !y are ne$$4 ,?is ,nurs]y mu/ ( c\rse1 be e/abli%$ 9 a hive :i* has no mature que51 or x w quickly be trans=m$ into a slaught] h\se by ! bees4 ,i h n yet te/$ ?is plan s ?or\ghly z to be c]ta9 t x w succe$2 & ,i "k s well ! imm5se diff]5ce betwe5 !oretical conjectures & practical results1 t ,i consid] no?+ 9 ! bee l9e1 or inde$ 9 any o!r l9e1 z e/abli%$1 until x has be5 submitt$ to ! mo/ rigor\s demon/rations1 & has triumphantly pass$ f ! m]e regions ( ! bra9 to ^? ( actual fact4 ,a !ory on any subject may seem s plausible z almo/ to am\nt to a positive demon/ration1 & yet :5 put to ! work+ te/1 x is (t5 f\nd to be encumb]$ by "s un=ese5 difficulty1 :i* spe$ily conv9ces ev5 its sangu9e projector1 t x has no practical value4 ,n9e ?+s out ( t5 may "w to a *>m1 & yet ! t5? may be s connect$ ) ! o!r n9e1 t its failure r5d]s _! success ( no acc\nt4 ,:5 ,i fir/ us$ ?is ,nurs]y1 ,i did n give ! bees access to x1 & ,i f\nd t ! que5s 7 n prop]ly develop$1 & di$ 9 _! cells4 ,p]haps !y did n receive suffici5t w>m?1 or 7 n treat$ 9 "s o!r important respects1 z !y w\ld h be5 if left "u ! c>e ( ! bees4 ,9 ! multiplicity ( my exp]im5ts1 ,i did n repeat ?is "o "u a suffici5t v>iety ( circum/ances1 to asc]ta9 ! precise cause ( failure2 nor h ,i z yet1 tri$ :e!r x w answ] p]fectly1 by admitt+ ! bees to ! que5 cells4 ,la/ ,spr+1 ,i made "o que5 supply sev]al hives ) eggs1 s z to keep !m /rong 9 numb]s :ile !y 7 con/antly engag$ 9 re>+ a l>ge numb] ( sp>e que5s4 ,two hives :i* ,i %all call ,a & ,b1 7 depriv$ at int]vals ( a week1 ea* ( its que51#bj 9 ord] to induce !m to raise a numb] ( "y seal$ que5s = ! use ( ! ,api>y4 ,z soon z ! que5s 9 ,a1 7 ( an age suitable to be remov$1 ,i took !m away & gave ! colony a f]tile que5 f ano!r hive1 ,c2 z soon z %e _h laid a l>ge numb] ( eggs 9 ! empty cells1 ,i remov$ ! que5 cells n[ seal$ ov]1 f ,b1 & gave !m ! loan ( ?is f]tile "m1 until %e _h p]=m$ ! same necess>y (fice = !m4 ,by ?is "t1 ! que5 cells 9 ,c1 7 seal$ ov]2 ^! 7 n[ remov$1 & ! que5 re/or$2 %e _h ?us made "o circuit1 & laid a v l>ge numb] ( eggs 9 ! two hives :i* 7 fir/ depriv$ ( _! que5s4 ,aft] all[+ h] to repl5i% h] own hive ) eggs1 ,i s5t h] out aga9 on h] p]ambulat+ mission1 & by ?is new device 0 able to get an extraord9>y numb] ( "y que5s f ! ?ree hives1 & at ! same "t to pres]ve _! numb]s f s]i\sly dim9i%+4 ,two que5s may 9 ?is way1 be made 9 six hives to furni% all ! sup]num]>y que5s :i* w be want$ 9 q a l>ge ,api>y4 ,x w be p]fectly obvi\s to e intellig5t & +5i\s ,api>ian1 t ! p]fect control ( ! comb1 is ! s\l ( an entirely new sy/em ( practical managem5t1 & t x may be modifi$ to suit ! wants ( all :o wi% to cultivate bees4 ,ev5 ! advocate ( ! old fa%ion$ plan ( kill+ ! bees1 c ) "o ( my hives1 de/roy 8 fai?ful labor]s1 by %ak+ !m into a tub ( wat]1 almo/1 if n q z spe$ily z by sett+ !m ov] a sulphur pit2 :ile aft] ! "w ( dea? is accompli%$1 8 honey w be free f disgu/+ fumes1 & all ! labor ( cutt+ x out ( ! hive1 may be disp5s$ )4 ,i am n[ prep>$ to answ] an objection :i* d\btless has be5 pres5t 9 ! m9ds ( _m1 all ! "t t !y h be5 read+ ! v>i\s processes on :i* ,i rely = ! multiplication ( colonies4 ,a v l>ge numb] ( p]sons :o keep bees1 or :o wi% to keep !m1 are s mu* afraid ( !m t !y object entirely ev5 to natural sw>m+1 because !y are 9 dang] ( be+ /ung 9 ! process ( hiv+ ! bees4 ,h[ are su* p]sons to manage bees on my plan1 :i* seems l be>d+ a lion 9 its v d56 ,! tru? is t "s p]sons are s v timid1 or suff] s dreadfully f ! /+ ( a bee1 t !y are e way disqualifi$ f hav+ any?+ to d ) !m1 & ought ei!r to h no bees ^u _! premises1 or to entru/ ! c>e ( !m to "s suitable p]son4 ,by manag+ bees accord+ to ! directions furni%$ 9 ?is treatise1 almo/ any "o c le>n1 by us+ a bee-dress1 to sup]9t5d !m1 ) v little risk2 :ile ^? :o are favorites ) !m1 may disp5se entirely ) any protection4 ,i f9d 9 %ort1 t ! risk ( be+ /ung is really dim9i%$ by ! use ( my hives2 al?\gh x w be h>d to conv9ce ^? :o h n se5 !m 9 use1 t ?is c be s4 ,!re is /ill ano!r class :o ei!r keep bees or c be induc$ to keep !m1 & :o are anxi\sly inquir+ = "s new hive or new plan by :i*1 ) little or no tr\ble1 !y may reap copi\s h>ve/s ( ! preci\s nect>4 ,?is is emphatically ! class to seize hold ( e new device1 & wa/e _! "t & money to fill ! c(f]s ( ! ignorant or unpr9cipl$4 ,!re nev] w be a royal road to pr(itable bee-keep+4 ,if !re is any bran* ( rural economy :i* m ?an all o!rs dem&s c>e & exp]i5ce1 = its pr(itable managem5t1 x is ! keep+ ( bees2 & ^? :o h a pa9ful consci\sness t ! disposition to put (f & neglect1 01 s to speak1 born 9 !m1 & has nev] be5 got out ( !m1 w d well to let bees alone1 unless !y hope1 by ! /udy ( _! sy/ematic indu/ry1 to re=m evil habits :i* are well nigh incurable4 ,:ile ,i feel v sangu9e t my sy/em ( managem5t w be us$ ext5sively & v advantage\sly1 by c>eful & skillful ,api>ians1 ,i "k too mu* ( ! _w to expect t x w1 ) ! masses1 v spe$ily sup]c$e o!r me?ods1 ev5 if x 7 s absolutely p]fect1 z to admit ( no possible improvem5t4 ,i hope1 h[ev]1 t ,i may1 )\t be+ *>g$ ) presumption1 be p]mitt$ to put on record ! pr$iction1 t movable frames w 9 due season1 be almo/ univ]sally employ$2 & ?is1 :e!r bees are all[$ to sw>m naturally1 or are increas$ by artificial means1 or are kept 9 hives 9 :i* !y are n expect$ to sw>m at all4 ,,note4--,! v day on :i* ,i fir/ contriv$ ! plan1 s p]fectly simple1 & yet s efficaci\s1 ( ga9+ ! control ( ! combs by ^! frames1 ,i n only =esaw all ! consequ5ces :i* w\ld foll[ _! adoption1 b wrote z foll[s1 9 my ,bee-,j\rnal4 ,! use ( ^! frames w1 ,i am p]suad$1 give a new impulse to ! easy & pr(itable managem5t ( bees2 & w r5d] ! mak+ ( artificial sw>ms an easy op]ation4 ,,footnotes3 #ag ,i h (t5 sp5t m ?an t5 m9utes 9 op5+ & %utt+ a s+le frame 9 ! ,hub] hive1 & ev5 !n1 h sometimes cru%$ "s ( ! bees4 #ah ,! sc5t ( ! hives1 dur+ ! height ( ! ga!r+ season1 w usually in=m u f :at s\rces ! bees h ga!r$ _! supplies4 #ai ,if !y _c obta9 x1 ! ,api>ian mu/ himself furni% x4 #bj ,! que5s tak5 f su* hives may be advantage\sly us$ 9 =m+ artificial colonies4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,bee-,,mo?1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,enemies ,,( ,,bees4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,bees4 ,( all ! num]\s enemies ( ! honey-bee1 ! ,bee-,mo? 7,t9ea mellonella17 9 climates ( hot ,summ]s1 is by f>1 ! mo/ to be dread$4 ,s wide spread & fatal h be5 its ravages 9 ?is c\ntry1 t ?\s&s h ab&on$ ! cultivation ( bees 9 despair1 & 9 di/ricts :i* once produc$ abundant supplies ( ! pure/ honey1 bee-keep+ has gradually dw9dl$ d[n into a v insignificant pursuit4 ,contrivances almo/ )\t numb]1 h be5 devis$1 to def5d ! bees aga9/ ?is invidi\s foe1 b /ill x cont9ues its desolat+ inroads1 almo/ un*eck$1 laugh+ z x 7 to scorn1 at all ! s-call$ mo?-pro( hives1 & turn+ _m ( ! +5i\s fixtures design$ to entrap or exclude x1 into actual aids & com=ts 9 its nef>i\s designs4 ,i %\ld feel b little confid5ce 9 be+ able to re9/ate bee-keep+ 9 our c\ntry1 into a c]ta9 & pr(itable pursuit1 if ,i c\ld n %[ ! ,api>ian 9 :at way he c safely bid defiance to ! pe/if]\s assaults ( ?is1 8 mo/ implacable enemy4 ,i h pati5tly /udi$ its habits = ye>s1 & ,i am at l5g? able to ann\nce a sy/em ( managem5t f\nd$ ^u ! peculi> con/ruction ( my hives1 :i* w enable ! c>eful bee-keep] to protect 8 colonies aga9/ ! mon/]4 ,! ,,c>eful bee-keep]1 ,i say3 = to pret5d t ! c>eless "o1 c by any contrivance effect ?is1 is a sn>e & a delusion2 & no well-in=m$ man1 unless he is /eep$ to ! v lips1 9 fraud & impo/ure1 w ev] claim to accompli% any ?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! bee-mo? infects our ,api>ies1 j z we$s take possession ( a f]tile soil2 & ! neglig5t bee-keep] w f9d a mo?-pro( hive1 :5 ! slugg>d f9ds a we$-pro( soil1 & ,i suspect n until a consummation s dev\tly wi%$ = by ! slo?ful has arriv$4 ,be=e expla9+ ! means ^u :i* ,i rely1 to circumv5t ! mo?1 ,i w fir/ give a brief description ( its habits4 ,swamm]dam1 t[>ds ! close ( ! #ag? c5tury1 gave a v accurate description ( ?is insect1 :i* 0 !n call$ by ! v expressive "n ( ! bee-wolf4 ,he has furni%$ good draw+s ( x1 9 all its *anges1 f ! worm to ! p]fect mo?1 toge!r ) ! peculi> webs or gall]ies :i* x con/ructs & f :i* ! "n ( ,t9ea ,gall]ia or gall]y mo?1 has be5 giv5 to x by "s entomologi/s4 ,he fail$1 h[ev]1 to discrim9ate betwe5 ! male & female1 :i*1 because !y diff] s mu* 9 size & appe>ance1 he suppos$ to be two diff]5t species ( ! wax-mo?4 ,x seems to h be5 a great pe/ 9 8 "t2 & ev5 ,virgil speaks ( ! dirum t9e g5us1 ! dreadful (fspr+ ( ! mo?2 t is ! worm4 ,?is de/roy] usually makes its appe>ance ab\t ! hives1 9 ,april or ,may2 ! "t ( its com+1 dep5d+ ^u ! w>m? ( ! climate1 or ! =w>dness ( ! season4 ,x is seldom se5 on ! w+1 7unless />tl$ f its lurk+ place ab\t ! hive17 until t[>ds d>k1 & is evid5tly1 *iefly nocturnal 9 its habits4 ,9 d>k cl\dy days1 h[ev]1 ,i h notic$ x on ! w+ long be=e sunset1 & if sev]al su* days foll[ 9 succession1 ! female oppress$ ) ! urg5t necessity ( lay+ h] eggs1 may be se5 endeavor+ to ga9 admission to ! hives4 ,! female is mu* l>g] ?an ! male1 & h] color is deep] & m incl9+ to a d>ki% gray1 ) small spots or blacki% /reaks on ! int]ior edge ( h] upp] w+s4 ,! color ( ! male incl9es m to a light gray2 !y might easily be mi/ak5 = diff]5t species ( mo?s4 ,^! insects are surpris+ly agile1 bo? on foot & on ! w+4 ,! motions ( a bee are v sl[ 9 comp>ison4 ,!y are1 says ,reaumur1 ! mo/ nimble-foot$ creatures t ,i "k4 ,if ! approa* to ! ,api>y#ba be obs]v$ ( a moonlight ev5+1 ! mo?s w be f\nd fly+ or runn+ r\nd ! hives1 wat*+ an opportunity to ent]1 :il/ ! bees t h to gu>d ! entrances aga9/ _! intrusion1 w be se5 act+ z vigilant s5t9els1 p]=m+ cont9ual r\nds ne> ?is important po/1 ext5d+ _! ant5n to ! utmo/1 & mov+ !m to ! "r & left alt]nately4 ,woe to ! un=tunate mo? t comes )9 _! rea*6 ,x is curi\s1 says ,hub]1 to obs]ve h[ artfully ! mo? kn[s h[ to pr(it1 to ! disadvantage ( ! bees1 :i* require mu* light = see+ objects2 & ! precautions tak5 by ! latt] 9 reconnoit]+ & expell+ s dang]\s an enemy4 ,! entrance ( ! mo? into a hive1 & ! ravages committ$ by h] prog5y1 =cibly rem9d "o ( ! sad havoc :i* s9 (t5 makes ( "* & happ9ess1 :5 x f9ds admission into ! human he>t1 & is all[$ to prey un*eck$1 ^u all its mo/ preci\s treasures2 & he :o w\ld n be s enslav$ by its p[]1 z to lose all 8 spiritual life & prosp]ity1 mu/ be con/antly on ! def5sive1 & ev] on ! wat* aga9/ its fatal intrusions4 ,only "s t9y eggs are deposit$ by ! mo?1 & !y give bir? to a v delicate1 innoc5t-look+ worm2 b let ^! app>5tly insignificant creatures once get ! upp] h&1 & all ! fragrance ( ! honi$ dome1 is soon corrupt$ by _! abom9able /5*2 e ?+ beautiful & useful1 is ru?lessly de/roy$2 ! hum ( happy indu/ry is /ill$1 & at la/1 no?+ is left 9 ! desecrat$ hive1 b a set ( rav5\s1 half fami%$ worms1 knott+ & wri?+ ar\nd ea* o!r1 9 mo/ loa?some convolutions4 ,wax is ! prop] alim5t ( ! l>v ( ! bee-mo?3 & ^u ?is seem+ly indige/ible sub/ance1 !y ?rive & fatt54 ,:5 oblig$ to /eal _! liv+ z be/ !y c1 among a p[]ful /ock ( bees1 !y are expos$1 dur+ _! gr[?1 to _m p]ils1 & seldom f>e well en\gh to rea* _! natural size3 b if !y are riot+ at pleasure1 among ! full combs ( a feeble & disc\rag$ population1 !y (t5 atta9 a size & corpul5cy truly a/oni%+4 ,if ! bee-keep] wi%es to see _! innate capabilities fully develop$1 let him re> a lot = himself among "s old combs1 & if prizes 7 (f]$ = fat & full gr[n worms1 he might easily obta9 "o4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks1 ! l>va l t ( ! silk-worm1 /ops eat+1 & beg9s to ?9k ( a suitable place = encas+ itself 9 its silky %r\d4 ,9 hives :]e !y reign uncontroll$1 ?is is a "w ( b little difficulty2 almo/ any place w answ] _! purpose1 & !y (t5 pile _! cocoons1 "o on top ( ano!r1 or jo9 !m 9 long r[s toge!r3 b 9 hives /rongly gu>d$ by heal?y bees1 ?is is a matt] n v easily accompli%$2 & _m a worm :ile x is cauti\sly pry+ ab\t1 to see :]e x c f9d "s snug place 9 :i* to ensconce itself1 is caught by ! nape ( ! neck1 & v unc]emoni\sly s]v$ ) an in/ant writ ( ejection f ! hive4 ,if a hive is ?or\ghly made1 ( s\nd mat]ials1 & has no cracks or crevices "u :i* ! worm c retreat1 x is oblig$ to leave ! int]ior 9 se>* ( su* a place1 & x runs a mo/ dang]\s gantlet1 z x passes1 = ?is purpose1 ?r\gh ! ranks ( its enrag$ foes4 ,ev5 9 ! worm /ate1 h[ev]1 its motions are exce$+ly quick2 x c crawl backw>ds or =w>ds1 & z well "o way z ano!r3 x c twi/ r\nd on itself1 curl up almo/ into a knot1 & flatt5 itself out l a pancake6 9 %ort1 x is full ( /ratagems & cunn+ devices4 ,if oblig$ to leave ! hive1 x gets "u any bo>d or conceal$ crack1 sp9s its cocoon1 & pati5tly awaits its trans=mation4 ,9 mo/ ( ! common hives1 x is "u no necessity ( leav+ its bir? place = ?is purpose4 ,x is almo/ c]ta9 to f9d a crack or flaw into :i* x c creep1 or a small space betwe5 ! bottom-bo>d & ! edges ( ! hive :i* re/ ^u x4 ,a v small crevice w answ] all its purposes4 ,x ent]s1 by flatt5+ itself out almo/ z mu* z ?\gh x _h be5 pass$ "u a roll]1 & z soon z x is safe f ! bees1 x spe$ily beg9s to give its cramp$ t5em5t1 ! requisite proportions4 ,x is utt]ly amaz+ h[ an insect app>5tly s feeble1 c d ?is2 b x w (t5 gnaw = itself a cavity1 ev5 9 solid wood1 & ?us enl>ge its retreat1 until x has ample room = mak+ its cocoon6 ,! "t :5 x w break =? into a w+$ insect1 dep5ds entirely ^u ! degree ( heat to :i* x is expos$4 ,i h _h !m sp9 _! cocoons & hat* 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #gj1 9 t5 or elev5 days1 & ,i h kn[n !m to sp9 s late 9 ! ,fall1 t !y rema9$ all ,w9t]1 undevelop$1 & did n em]ge until ! w>m wea!r ( ! ensu+ ,spr+6 ,if !y are hat*$ 9 ! hive1 !y leave x1 9 ord] to att5d to ! bus9ess ( impregnation4 ,9 ! mo? /ate1 !y d n actually attack ! hives1 to plund] !m ( food1 al?\gh !y h a sweet too? 9 _! head1 & are easily attract$ by ! odor ( liquid sweets4 ,! male1 hav+ no special bus9ess 9 ! hive1 usually keeps himself at a safe di/ance f ! bees3 b ! female1 impell$ by an irresi/ible in/9ct1 seeks admission1 9 ord] to deposit h] eggs :]e h] (fspr+ may ga9 ! readie/ access to _! natural food4 ,%e c>efully explores all ! cracks & crevices ab\t ! bottom-bo>d1 & if %e f9ds a suitable place "u !m1 lays h] eggs among ! p>+s ( ! combs1 & o!r refuse matt] :i* has fall5 f ! hive4 ,if %e ent]s a feeble or disc\rag$ /ock1 :]e %e c act h] own pleasure1 %e w lay h] eggs among ! combs4 ,9 a hive :]e %e is too closely wat*$ to effect ?is1 %e w ins]t !m 9 ! corn]s1 into ! s(t propolis1 or 9 any place :]e !re are small pieces ( wax & bee-bread1 :i* h fall5 ^u ! bottom-bo>d1 & :i* w furni% a tempor>y place ( concealm5t = h] prog5y1 & also ! requisite n\ri%m5t1 until !y h /r5g? & ent]prise en\gh to rea* ! ma9 combs ( ! hive1 & =tify !mselves !re4 ,z soon z hat*$1#bb ! worm encloses itself 9 a case ( :ite silk1 :i* x sp9s ar\nd its body2 at fir/ x is l a m]e ?read1 b gradually increases 9 size1 & dur+ its gr[?1 fe$s ^u ! cells ar\nd x1 = :i* purpose x has only to put =? its head1 & f9d its wants suppli$4 ,x dev\rs its food ) great avidity1 & consequ5tly increases s mu* 9 bulk1 t its gall]y soon becomes too %ort & n>r[1 & ! creature is oblig$ to ?ru/ itself =w>d & l5g!n ! gall]y1 z well to obta9 m room z to procure an additional supply ( food4 ,its augm5t$ size expos+ x to attacks f surr\nd+ foes1 ! w>y insect =tifies its new abode ) additional /r5g? & ?ickness1 by bl5d+ ) ! filam5ts ( its silk5 cov]+1 a mixture ( wax & its own excrem5t1 = ! ext]nal b>ri] ( a new gall]y1 ! int]ior & p>titions ( :i* are l9$ ) a smoo? surface ( :ite silk1 :i* admits ! occasional movem5ts ( ! insect1 )\t injury to its delicate 787 texture4 ,9 p]=m+ ^! op]ations1 ! insect might be expect$ to meet ) opposition f ! bees1 & to be gradually r5d]$ m assailable z x advanc$ 9 age4 ,x nev]1 h[ev]1 exposes any "p b its head & neck1 bo? ( :i* are cov]$ ) /\t helmets or scales imp5etrable to ! /+ ( a bee1 z is ! composition ( ! gall]ies t surr\nd x4 ,z soon z x has rea*$ its full gr[?1 x seeks 9 ! mann] previ\sly describ$1 a secure place = und]go+ its *anges into a w+$ insect4 ,be=e describ+ ! way 9 :i* ,i protect my hives f ?is deadly pe/1 ,i %all fir/ %[ :y ! bee-mo? has s wond]fully increas$ 9 numb]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 & h[ ! use ( pat5t hives has s p[]fully contribut$ to enc\rage its ravages4 ,x ought to be borne 9 m9d t our climate is altoge!r m propiti\s to its rapid increase1 ?an t ( ,great ,brita94 ,our int5sely hot summ]s develop mo/ rapidly & p[]fully1 insect life1 & ^? p>ts ( our c\ntry :]e ! heat is mo/ protract$ & int5se1 h1 z a g5]al ?+1 suff]$ mo/ f ! deva/ations ( ! bee-mo?4 ,! bee is n a native ( ! ,am]ican cont95t2 x 0 fir/ br\ght "h by coloni/s f ,great ,brita91 & 0 call$ by ! ,indians1 ! :ite man's fly4 ,) ! bee1 0 introduc$ its natural enemy1 creat$ = ! special purpose1 n ( de/roy+ ! insect1 on ^: indu/ry x ?rives1 & ^: ext]m9ation w\ld be fatal to ! mo? itself1 b t x might ga9 its livelihood z be/ x c\ld 9 ?is busy _w4 ,f9d+ itself 9 a c\ntry ^: climate is exce$+ly propiti\s to its rapid increase1 x has multipli$ & increas$ a ?\s& fold1 until n[ !re is h>dly a spot :]e ! bees inhabit1 :i* is n infe/$ by its p[]ful enemy4 ,i h (t5 li/5$ to ! gl[+ acc\nts ( ! va/ supplies ( honey obta9$ by ! fir/ settl]s1 f _! bees4 ,fifty ye>s ago1 ! m>kets 9 our l>ge cities 7 mu* m abundantly suppli$ ?an !y n[ are1 & x 0 no uncommon ?+ to see expos$ = sale1 l>ge wa%+-tubs fill$ ) ! mo/ beautiful honey4 ,v>i\s reasons h be5 assign$ = ! pres5t depress$ /ate ( ,api>ian pursuits4 ,"s imag9e t newly settl$ c\ntries are mo/ favorable = ! labors ( ! bee3 o!rs1 t we h ov]/ock$ our f>ms1 s t ! bees _c f9d a suffici5t supply ( food4 ,t nei!r ( ^! reasons w acc\nt = ! *ange1 ,i %all prove m at l5g?1 9 my rem>ks on ,honey1 & :5 ,i discuss ! "q ( ov]/ock+ a di/rict ) bees4 ,o!rs lay all ! blame ^u ! bee-mo?1 & o!rs /ill1 ^u our dep>ture f ! good old-fa%ion$ way ( manag+ bees4 ,t ! bee-mo? has multipli$ mo/ a/oni%+ly1 is und\bt$ly true4 ,9 _m di/ricts1 x s sup]ab\nds1 t ! man :o %\ld expect to manage 8 bees ) z little c>e z 8 fa!r & gr&fa!r be/[$ ^u !m1 & yet realize z l>ge pr(its1 w\ld f9d himself mo/ w(ully mi/ak54 ,! old bee-keep] (t5 nev] look$ at 8 bees aft] ! sw>m+ season1 until ! "t came = appropriat+ _! spoils4 ,he !n c>efully heft$ all 8 hives s z to be able to judge z well z he c\ld1 h[ mu* honey !y conta9$4 ,all :i* 7 f\nd to be too light to survive ! ,w9t]1 he at once condemn$2 & if any 7 defici5t 9 bees1 or = any o!r reason1 appe>$ to be ( d\btful promise1 !y 71 9 l mann]1 s5t5c$ to ! sulphur pit4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( ^? conta9+ ! l>ge/ supplies ( honey1 7 also treat$ 9 ! same summ>y way3 :ile ! requisite numb] ( ! v be/1 7 res]v$ to repl5i% 8 /ock ano!r season4 ,if ! same sy/em precisely1 7 n[ foll[$1 a numb] ( colonies w\ld /ill p]i% annually1 ?r\gh ! increas$ deva/ations ( ! mo?4 ,! *ange :i* has tak5 place 9 ! circum/ances ( ! bee-keep]1 may be illu/rat$ by suppos+ t :5 ! c\ntry 0 fir/ settl$1 we$s 7 almo/ unkn[n4 ,! f>m] plants 8 corn1 & !n lets x alone1 & z !re are no we$s to mole/ x1 at ! end ( ! season he h>ve/s a fair crop4 ,suppose1 h[ev]1 t 9 process ( "t1 ! we$s beg9 to spread m & m1 until at la/1 ?is f>m]'s son or gr&son f9ds t !y entirely *oke 8 corn1 & t he _c1 9 ! old way1 obta9 a remun]at+ crop4 ,n[ li/5 to him1 z he gravely in=ms y t he _c tell h[ x is1 b corn ) him has all run out4 ,he manages x precisely z 8 fa!r or gr&fa!r always manag$ !irs1 b someh[ ! pe/if]\s we$s w spr+ up1 & he has next to no crop4 ,p]haps y c h>dly conceive ( su* transp>5t ignorance & /upidity2 b x w\ld be difficult to %[ t x w\ld be "o :it great] ?an t ( a l>ge numb] :o keep bees 9 places :]e ! bee-mo? ab\nds1 & :o yet imag9e t ^? plans :i* answ]$ p]fectly well fifty or a hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 mo?s 7 sc>ce1 w answ] j z well n[4 ,if h[ev]1 ! old plan _h be5 rigidly adh]$ to1 ! ravages ( ! bee-mo? w\ld nev] h be5 s great z !y n[ are4 ,! introduction ( pat5t hives has contribut$ mo/ p[]fully1 to fill ! l& ) ! dev\r+ pe/4 ,i am p]fectly aw>e t ?is is a bold ass]tion1 & t x may1 at fir/ sight1 appe> to be v unc\rte\s1 if n unju/1 to ! _m intellig5t & +5i\s ,api>ians1 :o h devot$ mu* "t1 & sp5t l>ge sums ( money1 9 p]fect+ hives design$ to enable ! bee-keep] to cont5d mo/ successfully aga9/ 8 wor/ enemy4 ,z ,i d n wi% to treat su* p]sons ) ev5 ! appe>ance ( disrespect1 ,i %all endeavor to %[ j h[ ! use ( ! hives :i* !y h devis$1 has contribut$ to und]m9e ! prosp]ity ( ! bees4 ,_m ( ^! hives h valuable prop]ties1 & if !y 7 always us$ 9 /rict accordance ) ! enlight5$ directions ( ^? :o h inv5t$ !m1 !y w\ld und\bt$ly be real & sub/antial improvem5ts ov] ! old box or /raw hive1 & w\ld greatly aid ! bee-keep] 9 8 conte/ ) ! mo?4 ,! great difficulty is t !y are none ( !m1 able to give him ! facilities :i* alone c make him victori\s4 ,no hive1 z ,i %all soon %[1 c ev] d ?is1 :i* does n give ! complete & easy control ( all ! combs4 ,i d n "k ( a s+le improv$ hive :i* does n aim at entirely do+ away ) ! old-fa%ion$ plan ( kill+ ! bees4 ,su* a practice is d5\nc$ z be+ almo/ z cruel & silly z to kill a h5 = ! sake ( obta9+ h] fea!rs or a few ( h] eggs4 ,n[ if ! ,api>ian c be furni%$ ) suitable in/ructions1 & su* z he w practice1 = manag+ 8 bees s z to avoid ?is necessity1 !n ,i admit ! full =ce ( all ! objections :i* h be5 urg$ aga9/ x4 ,i h nev] read ! beautiful v]ses ( ! poet ,?ompson1 )\t feel+ all _! =ce3 ,ah1 see1 :]e robb$ & murd]$ 9 t pit ,lies ! /ill heav+ hive6 at ev5+ snat*$1 ,b5ea? ! cl\d ( guilt-conceal+ night1 ,& fix$ o'er sulphur6 :ile1 n dream+ ill1 ,! happy p1 9 _! wax5 cells1 ,sat t5d+ public c>es2 ,sudd51 ! d>k oppressive /eam asc5ds1 ,&1 us$ to mild] sc5ts1 ! t5d] race1 ,by ?\s&s1 tumble f _! honi$ dome6 ,into a gulf ( blue sulphure\s flame4 ,! pla9 matt] ( fact h[ev]1 is1 t 9 our c\ntry1 z _m bees1 if n m1 die ( />vation 9 _! hives1 z ev] 7 kill$ by ! fumes ( sulphur4 ,comm5d me r to ! humanity ( ! old-fa%ion$ bee-keep]1 :o put to a spe$y & !re=e m]ciful dea?1 ! poor bees :i* are n[1 by millions1 tortur$ by sl[ />vation among _! empty combs6 ,at ! pres5t "t1 7,april #ahec17 ,i am almo/ daily he>+ ( sw>ms :i* h p]i%$ 9 ?is way1 dur+ ! la/ ,w9t]2 & ,i "k ( only "o p]son :o 0 m]ciful en\gh to kill 8 weak /ocks1 r ?an suff] !m to die s cruel a dea?4 ,if ! use ( ! common pat5t hives c\ld only keep ! /ocks /rong 9 numb]s1 & if ! bee-keep]s w\ld always see t !y 7 well suppli$ ) honey1 !n ,i admit t to kill ! bees w\ld be bo? cruel & unnecess>y4 ,su* h[ev]1 are ! disc\ragem5ts & losses necess>ily att5d+ ! use ( any hive :i* does n give ! control ( ! combs1 t !re w be few :o d n cont9ually f9d t "s ( _! /ocks are too feeble to be wor? ! labor & exp5se ( attempt+ to pres]ve !m ov] ,w9t]4 ,h[ _m colonies are annually w9t]$1 :i* are n only ( no value to _! own]1 b are positive nuisances 9 8 ,api>y2 be+ s feeble 9 ! ,spr+1 t !y are spe$ily ov]come by ! mo?1 & answ] only to bre$ a horde ( de/roy]s to ravage ! re/ ( 8 ,api>y4 ,! "t sp5t ^u !m is (t5 z absolutely wa/$1 z ! "t devot$ to a sick animal incurably diseas$1 & :i* c nev] be ( any s]vice1 :ile by nurs+ x along1 its own] incurs ! risk ( infect+ 8 :ole /ock ) its deadly ta9t4 ,if1 on ! score ( k9dness1 he %\ld %ut x up1 & let x />ve to dea?1 few ( u1 ,i imag9e1 w\ld c>e to cultivate a v intimate acqua9tance ) "o s extremely orig9al 9 ! exhibition ( 8 humanity6 ,ev] s9ce ! introduction ( pat5t hives1 ! notion has almo/ univ]sally prevail$1 t /ocks mu/ n1 "u any circum/ances1 be volunt>ily brok5 up2 & h5ce1 in/ead ( ,api>ies1 fill$ 9 ! ,spr+1 ) /rong & heal?y /ocks ( bees1 easily able to protect !mselves aga9/ ! bee-mo?1 & all o!r enemies1 we h multitudes ( colonies :i*1 if !y _h be5 kept on purpose to furni% food = ! worms1 c\ld sc>cely h answ]$ a m valuable end 9 enc\rag+ _! increase4 ,! simple tru? is1 t improv$ hives1 )\t an improv$ sy/em ( managem5t1 h done on ! :ole m h>m ?an good2 9 no c\ntry h !y be5 s ext5sively us$ z 9 our own1 & no :]e has ! mo? s completely ga9$ ! asc5d5cy4 ,j s f> z !y h disc\rag$ bee-keep]s f ! old plan ( kill+ (f all _! weak sw>ms 9 ! ,fall1 j s f> h !y ext5d$ aid & com=t to ! mo?1 & made ! condition ( ! bee-keep] worse ?an x 0 be=e4 ,t "s ( !m might be manag$ s z 9 all ord9>y cases1 to give ! bees complete protection aga9/ _! sc\rge1 ,i d n1 = a mom5t1 "q2 b t !y _c1 f ! v nature ( ! case1 answ] fully 9 all em]g5cies1 ! ends = :i* !y 7 design$1 ,i %all endeavor to prove & n to ass]t4 ,! k9d ( hives ( :i* ,i h be5 speak+1 are su* z h be5 devis$ by intellig5t & hone/ m51 practically acqua9t$ ) ! managem5t ( bees3 z = _m ( ! hives :i* h be5 introduc$1 !y n only af=d ! ,api>ian no assi/ance aga9/ ! inroads ( ! bee-mo?1 b !y are s con/ruct$ z positively to aid x 9 its nef>i\s designs4 ,! m !y are us$1 ! worse ! poor bees are (f3 j z ! m a man uses ! ly+ no/rums ( ! braz5-fac$ quack1 ! fur!r he f9ds himself f heal? & vigor4 ,i once met ) an intellig5t man :o told me t he _h paid a consid]able sum1 to a p]son :o pr(ess$ to be 9 possession ( _m valuable secrets 9 ! managem5t ( bees1 & :o promis$1 among o!r ?+s1 to imp>t to him an infallible rem$y aga9/ ! bee-mo?4 ,on ! receipt ( ! money1 he v gravely told him t ! secret ( keep+ ! mo? out ( ! hive1 0 to keep ! bees /rong & vigor\s6 ,a tru] decl>ation he c\ld n h made1 b ,i believe t ! bee-keep] felt1 not)/&+1 t he _h be5 impos$ ^u1 z outrage\sly1 z a poor man w\ld be1 :o aft] pay+ a quack a l>ge sum ( money = an infallible1 life-pres]v+ secret1 %\ld be turn$ (f ) ! truism t ! secret ( liv+ =ev]1 0 to keep well6 ,!re is n an intellig5t1 obs]v+ ,api>ian :o has be5 9 ! habit ( c>efully exam9+ ! op]ations ( bees1 n only 9 8 own ,api>y1 b :]ev] he c\ld f9d !m1 :o has n se5 /rong /ocks fl\ri%+ "u almo/ any conceivable circum/ances4 ,!y may be se5 9 hives ( ! mo/ mis]able con/ruction1 unpa9t$ & unprotect$1 sometimes ) l>ge op5 cracks & clefts ext5d+ d[n _! sides1 & yet laugh+ to defiance1 ! bee-mo?1 & all o!r adv]se influ5ces4 ,almo/ any ?+ holl[1 9 :i* ! bees c e/abli% !mselves1 & :]e !y h once succe$$ 9 becom+ /rong1 w (t5 be successfully t5ant$ by !m = a s]ies ( ye>s4 ,to see su* hives1 z !y sometimes may be se51 9 possession ( p]sons bo? ignorant & c>eless1 & :o h>dly "k a bee-mo? f any o!r k9d ( mo?1 may at fir/ sight well %ake ! confid5ce ( ! inquir]1 9 ! necessity or value ( any p>ticul> precautions to pres]ve 8 hives f ! deva/ations ( ! mo?4 ,aft] look+ at ^! p[]ful /ocks 9 :at may be call$ log-cab9 hives1 let u exam9e "s 9 ! mo/ co/ly hives1 :i* h ev] be5 con/ruct$2 9 :at h be5 call$ real ,bee-,palaces2 & we %all (t5 f9d !m weak & impov]i%$1 infe/$ & almo/ dev\r$ by ! worms4 ,_! own]1 ) books 9 8 h&1 & all ! newe/ devices & appliances 9 ! ,api>ian l9e1 unable to protect 8 bees aga9/ _! enemies1 or to acc\nt = ! reason :y "s hives seem1 l ! *ildr5 ( ! poor1 almo/ to ?rive ^u ill-treatm5t & neglect1 :ile o!rs1 l ! (fspr+ ( ! ri* & p[]ful1 are feeble & diseas$1 almo/ 9 exact proportion to ! means us$ to gu>d !m aga9/ noxi\s influ5ces1 & to m9i/] mo/ lavi%ly to all _! wants4 ,i once us$ to be mu* surpris$ to he> s _m bee-keep]s speak ( hav+ good luck1 or bad luck ) _! bees2 b really z bees are g5]ally manag$1 success or failure does seem to dep5d almo/ entirely ^u :at ! ignorant or sup]/iti\s are wont to call luck4 ,i %all n[ try to d :at ,i h nev] yet se5 satisfactorily done by any writ] on bees2 viz43 %[ exactly "u :at circum/ances ! bee-mo? succe$s 9 e/abli%+ itself 9 a hive2 ?us expla9+ :y "s /ocks fl\ri% 9 spite ( all neglect1 :ile o!rs1 9 ! common hives1 fall a prey to ! mo?1 let _! own] be z c>eful z he w1 ,i %all f9ally %[ h[ 9 suitable hives1 ) prop] precautions1 x may always be kept f s]i\sly annoy+ ! bees4 ,x (t5 happ5s1 :5 a l>ge numb] ( /ocks are kept1 t 9 spite ( all precautions1 "s ( !m are f\nd 9 ! ,spr+1 s greatly r$uc$ 9 numb]s1 t if left to !mselves1 !y are 9 dang] ( fall+ a prey to ! dev\r+ mo?4 ,bees1 :5 9 feeble colonies1 seem (t5 to lose a portion ( _! wont$ vigilance1 & z !y h a l>ge quantity ( empty comb :i* !y _c gu>d1 ev5 if !y w\ld1 ! mo? ent]s ! hive1 & deposits a l>ge numb] ( eggs1 & ?us be=e ! bees h become suffici5tly num]\s to protect !mselves1 ! combs are fill$ ) worms1 & ! de/ruction ( ! colony spe$ily foll[s4 ,! ignorant or c>eless bee-keep] is in=m$ ( ! ravages :i* are go+ on 9 su* a hive1 only :5 its ru9 is fully complet$1 & a cl\d ( w+$ pe/s issues f x1 to de/roy if !y c1 ! re/ ( 8 /ocks4 ,b h[1 x may be ask$1 c x be asc]ta9$ t a hive is s]i\sly infe/$ ) ! all-dev\r+ worms8 ,! aspect ( ! bees1 s disc\rag$ & =lorn1 proclaims at once t !re is tr\ble ( "s k9d )94 ,if ! hive be slightly elevat$1 ! bottom-bo>d w be f\nd cov]$ ) pieces ( bee-bread1 c4 mix$ ) ! excrem5t ( ! worms :i* looks almo/ exactly l f9e gra9s ( p[d]4 ,z ! bees 9 ,spr+1 clean out _! combs1 & prep>e ! cells = ! reception ( brood1 _! bottom-bo>d w (t5 be s cov]$ ) p>+s ( comb & ) small pieces ( bee-bread1 t ! hive may appe> to be 9 dang] ( be+ de/roy$ by ! worms4 ,if1 h[ev]1 none ( ! black excrem5t is p]ceiv$1 ! refuse on ! bottom-bo>d1 l ! %av+s 9 a c>p5t]'s %op1 are pro(s ( indu/ry & n ! signs ( approa*+ ru94 ,x is highly important1 h[ev]1 to keep ! bottom-bo>ds clean1 & if a piece ( z9c be slipt 91 7or ev5 an old newspap]17 by remov+ & cleans+ x f "t to "t1 ! bees w be greatly assi/$ 9 _! op]ations4 ,z soon z ! hive is well fill$ ) bees1 ?is ne$ no long] be done4 ,ev5 ! mo/ c>eful & exp]i5c$ ,api>ian w f9d1 too (t51 t al?\gh he is p]fectly well aw>e ( ! plague t is reign+ )91 8 k c be turn$ to no good acc\nt1 ! int]ior ( ! hive be+ almo/ z inaccessible z ! int]ior ( ! human body4 ,! way 9 :i* ,i manage1 9 su* cases1 is z foll[s4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$1 9 ! ,spr+1 z soon z ! bees beg9 to fly out1 t a colony al?\gh feeble1 has a f]tile que51 ,i take ! precaution at once to give x ! /r5g? :i* is indisp5sable1 n m]ely to its safety1 b to its ability = any k9d ( successful labor4 ,z a c]ta9 numb] ( bees are ne$$ 9 a hive1 9 ord] z well to w>m & hat* ! ?\s&s ( eggs :i* a heal?y que5 c lay1 z to fe$ & prop]ly develop ! l>v aft] !y are hat*$1 ,i "k t a feeble colony mu/ rema9 feeble = a long "t1 unless !y c at once be suppli$ ) a consid]able accession ( numb]s4 ,ev5 if !re 7 no mo?s 9 exi/5ce to tr\ble su* a hive1 x w\ld n be able to re> a l>ge numb] ( bees1 until aft] ! be/ ( ! honey-h>ve/ _h pass$ away3 & !n x w\ld become p[]ful only t its increas+ numb]s might dev\r ! food :i* ! o!rs _h previ\sly /or$ 9 ! cells4 ,if ! small colony has a consid]able numb] ( bees1 & is able to cov] & w>m at lea/ "o comb 9 addition to ^? conta9+ brood :i* !y already h1 ,i take f "o ( my /rong /ocks1 a frame conta9+ "s ?ree or f\r ?\s& or m "y bees1 :i* are seal$ ov] 9 _! cells1 & are j ready to em]ge4 ,^! bees :i* require no food1 & ne$ no?+ b w>m? to develop !m1 w1 9 a few days1 hat* 9 ! new hive to :i* !y are giv51 & ?us ! requisite numb] ( work]s1 9 ! full vigor & en]gy ( y\?1 w be furni%$ to ! hive1 & ! disc\rag$ que51 f9d+ at once a suitable numb] ( exp]i5c$ nurses#bc to take *>ge ( h] eggs1 deposits !m 9 ! prop] cells1 in/ead ( simply extrud+ !m1 to be dev\r$ by ! bees4 ,:ile bees (t5 attack full gr[n /rang]s :i* are introduc$ into _! hive1 !y nev] fail to receive gladly all ! brood comb t we *oose to give !m4 ,if !y are suffici5tly num]\s1 !y w always *]i% x1 & 9 w>m wea!r1 !y w protect x1 ev5 if x is laid aga9/ ! outside ( _! hive6 ,if ! bees 9 ! weak /ock1 are too mu* r$uc$ 9 numb]s1 to be able to cov] ! brood comb tak5 f ano!r hive1 ,i give !m ?is comb ) all ! old bees t are clu/]$ ^u x1 & %ut up ! hive1 aft] supply+ !m ) wat]1 until two or ?ree days h pass$ away4 ,by ?is "t1 mo/ ( ! /range bees w h =m$ an inviolable atta*m5t to _! new home1 & ev5 if a portion ( !m %\ld return to ! p>5t hive1 a l>ge numb] ( ! matur+ "y w h hat*$1 to supply _! des]tion4 ,a little sug>-wat] sc5t$ ) pepp]m9t1 may be us$ to spr9kle ! bees1 at ! "t t ! comb is introduc$1 al?\gh ,i h nev] yet f\nd t !y _h ! lea/ disposition1 to qu>rel ) ea* o!r4 ,! orig9al settl]s are only too glad to receive su* a valuable accession to _! scanty numb]s1 & ! expatriat$ bees are too-mu* conf\nd$ ) _! unexpect$ emigration1 to feel any desire = mak+ a di/urbance4 ,if a suffici5t increase ( numb]s has n be5 furni%$ by "o range ( comb1 ! op]ation may1 9 ! c\rse ( a few days1 be repeat$4 ,in/ead ( leav+ ! colony to ! disc\rag+ feel+ t !y are 9 a l>ge1 empty & desolate h\se1 a divid] %\ld be run d[n into ! hive1 & !y %\ld be conf9$ to a space :i* !y are able to w>m & def5d1 & ! re/ ( ! hive1 until !y ne$ its additional room1 %\ld be c>efully %ut up aga9/ all intrud]s4 ,if ?is op]ation is judici\sly p]=m$1 ! bees w be p[]ful 9 numb]s1 long be=e ! wea!r is w>m en\gh to develop ! bee-mo?1 & !y w ?us be mo/ effectually protect$ f ! hateful pe/4 ,a v simple *ange 9 ! organization ( ! bee-mo? w\ld h r5d]$ x almo/ if n q impossible to protect ! bees f its ravages4 ,if x _h be5 s con/itut$ z to require b a v small am\nt ( heat = its full developm5t1 x w\ld h become v num]\s e>ly 9 ! ,spr+1 & might !n h easily ent]$ ! hives & deposit$ its eggs among ! combs1 )\t any let or h9drance2 = at ?is season1 n only d ! bees at night ma9ta9 no gu>d at ! entrance ( _! hive1 b !re are l>ge portions ( _! comb b>e ( bees1 & ( c\rse1 entirely unprotect$4 ,h[ does e fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ! bee1 :5 prop]ly inve/igat$1 po9t ) un]r+ c]ta9ty to ! p[]1 wisdom & goodness1 ( ,him :o made x6 ,if !re is reason to appreh5d t ! combs :i* are n occupi$ ) brood1 conta9 any ( ! eggs ( ! mo?1 ^! combs may be remov$1 & ?or\ghly smok$ ) ! fumes ( burn+ sulphur2 & !n1 9 a few days1 aft] !y h be5 expos$ to ! fre% air1 !y may be return$ to ! hive4 ,i hope ,i may be p>don$ = feel+ n ! slighte/ pity = ! un=tunate prog5y ( ! mo?1 ?us unc]emoni\sly de/roy$4 ,bees1 z is well kn[n to e exp]i5c$ bee-keep]1 frequ5tly sw>m s (t5 z to expose !mselves to great dang] ( be+ de/roy$ by ! mo?4 ,aft] ! dep>ture ( ! aft]-sw>ms1 ! p>5t colony (t5 conta9s too few bees to cov] & protect _! combs f ! insidi\s attacks ( _! wily enemy4 ,z a numb] ( weeks mu/ elapse be=e ! brood ( ! "y que5 is mature1 ! colony1 = a consid]able "t1 at ! season :5 ! mo?s are v num]\s1 are con/antly dim9i%+ 9 numb]s1 & be=e !y c beg9 to repl5i% ! exhau/$ hive1 ! de/roy] has made a fatal lodgm5t4 ,9 my hives1 su* calamities are easily prev5t$4 ,if artificial increase is reli$ ^u = ! multiplication ( colonies1 x c be s conduct$ z to give ! mo? next to no *ance to =tify itself 9 ! hive4 ,no colony is ev] all[$ to h m room ?an x ne$s1 or m combs ?an x c cov] & protect2 & ! entrance to ! hive may be contract$1 if necess>y1 s t only a s+le bee c g 9 & out1 at a "t1 & yet ! bees w h1 f ! v5tilators1 z mu* air z !y require4 ,if natural sw>m+ is all[$1 aft]-sw>ms may be prev5t$ f issu+1 by cutt+ out all ! que5 cells b "o1 soon aft] ! fir/ sw>m leaves ! hive2 or if x is desir$ to h z fa/ an increase ( /ocks1 z c possibly be obta9$ f natural sw>m+1 !n in/ead ( leav+ ! combs 9 ! p>5t hive to be attack$ by ! mo?1 a c]ta9 portion ( !m may be tak5 out1 :5 sw>m+ is ov]1 & giv5 to ! second & ?ird sw>ms1 s z to aid 9 build+ !m up into /rong /ocks4 ,b ,i h n yet spok5 ( ! mo/ fruitful cause ( ! desolat+ ravages ( ! bee-mo?4 ,if a colony has lo/ its que51 & ?is loss _c be suppli$1 x mu/1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 fall a sacrifice to ! bee-mo?3 & ,i d n hesitate to ass]t t by f> ! l>g] proportion ( colonies :i* are de/roy$ by x1 are de/roy$ "u precisely su* circum/ances6 ,let ?is be rememb]$ by all :o h any ?+ to d ) bees1 & let !m und]/& t unless a rem$y = ! loss ( ! que51 c be provid$1 !y mu/ con/antly expect to see "s ( _! be/ colonies hopelessly ru9$4 ,! crafty mo?1 aft] all1 is n s mu* to blame1 z we are apt to imag9e2 = a colony1 once depriv$ ( its que51 & possess+ no means ( secur+ ano!r1 w\ld c]ta9ly p]i%1 ev5 if nev] attack$ by s deadly an enemy2 j z ! body ( an animal1 :5 depriv$ ( life1 w spe$ily g to decay1 ev5 if x is n1 at once1 dev\r$ by rav5\s sw>ms ( fil?y flies & worms4 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 all ! important po9ts connect$ ) ! habits ( ! bee-mo?1 ,i h purposely depriv$ colonies 9 "s ( my obs]v+ hives1 ( _! que51 & h ?us r$uc$ !m to a /ate ( despair1 t ,i might closely wat* all _! proce$+s4 ,i h inv>iably f\nd t 9 ?is /ate1 !y h made little or no resi/ance to ! entrance ( ! bee-mo?1 b h all[$ h] to deposit h] eggs1 j :]e %e pleas$4 ,! worms1 aft] hat*+1 h always appe>$ to be ev5 m at home ?an ! poor dispirit$ bees !mselves1 & h gr[n & ?riv$1 9 ! mo/ luxuri\s mann]4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ^! colonies1 s f> f los+ all _s to res5t o!r intrusions1 7 positively ! mo/ v9dictive set ( bees 9 my :ole ,api>y4 ,"o especially1 assault$ e body t came ne> x1 & :5 r$uc$ 9 numb]s to a m]e h&ful1 seem$ z ready = fight z ev]4 ,h[ utt]ly useless !n1 = def5d+ a que5less colony aga9/ ! mo?1 are all ! traps & o!r devices :i* h be51 ( late ye>s1 s mu* reli$ ^u4 ,if a s+le female ga9s admission1 %e w lay eggs en\gh to de/roy 9 a %ort "t1 ! /ronge/ colony t ev] exi/$1 if once x has lo/ its que51 & has no means ( procur+ ano!r4 ,b n only d ! bees ( a hive :i* is hopelessly que5less1 make little or no opposition to ! entrance ( ! bee-mo?1 & to ! ravages ( ! worms1 b by _! =lorn condition1 !y positively invite ! attacks ( _! de/roy]s4 ,! mo? seems to h an in/9ctive k ( ! condition ( su* a hive1 & no art ( man c ev] keep h] out4 ,%e w pass by o!r colonies to get at ! que5less "o1 = %e seems to "k t !re %e w f9d all ! conditions t are necess>y to ! prop] developm5t ( h] "y4 ,!re are _m my/]ies 9 ! insect _w1 :i* we h n yet solv$2 nor c we tell j h[ ! mo? arrives at s correct a k ( ! condition ( ! que5less hives 9 ! ,api>y4 ,t su* hives1 v seldom1 ma9ta9 a gu>d ab\t ! entrance1 is c]ta92 & t !y d n fill ! air ) ! pleasant voice ( happy indu/ry1 is equally c]ta92 = ev5 to our dull e>s1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! hum ( ! prosp]\s hive1 & ! unhappy note ( ! despair+ "o1 is suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,may x n be ev5 m obvi\s to ! acute s5ses ( ! provid5t "m1 seek+ a prop] place = ! developm5t ( h] "y8 ,! un]r+ sagacity ( ! mo?1 closely resembles t peculi> in/9ct by :i* ! vulture & o!r birds t prey ^u c>rion1 are able to s+le out a diseas$ animal f ! h]d1 :i* !y foll[ ) _! dismal croak+s1 hov]+ ov] its head1 or sitt+ 9 ill-om5$ flocks1 on ! surr\nd+ trees1 wat*+ x z its life ebbs away1 & /ret*+ out _! fil?y & nak$ necks1 & op5+ & snapp+ _! blood-?ir/y beaks t !y may be all ready to te> out its eyes j glaz+ 9 dea?1 & banquet ^u its fle% /ill w>m ) ! blood ( life6 ,let any fatal accid5t befall an animal1 & h[ soon w y see !m1 fir/ f "o qu>t] ( ! heav5s1 & !n f ano!r1 spe$+ _! eag] flight to _! de/9$ prey1 :5 only a %ort "t be=e1 n a s+le "o c\ld be se5 or he>d4 ,i h repeat$ly se5 p[]ful colonies spe$ily dev\r$ by ! worms1 because ( ! loss ( _! que51 :5 !y h /ood1 side by side ) feeble colonies :i* be+ 9 possession ( a que51 h be5 left unt\*$6 ,t ! common hives furni% no available rem$y = ! loss ( ! que51 is well kn[n3 inde$1 ! own] _c1 9 _m cases1 be sure t 8 bees are que5less1 until _! de/ruction is c]ta91 :ile n unfrequ5tly1 aft] keep+ bees = _m ye>s1 he does n ev5 s mu* z believe t !re is su* a ?+ z a que5 bee6 ,9 ! ,*apt] on ! ,loss ( ! ,que51 ,i %all %[ 9 :at way ?is loss c be asc]ta9$1 & ord9>ily rem$i$1 & ?us ! bees be protect$ f t calamity :i* m ?an all o!rs1 exposes !m to de/ruction4 ,:5 a colony has become hopelessly que5less1 !n mo? or no mo?1 its de/ruction is absolutely c]ta94 ,ev5 if ! bees reta9$ _! wont$ indu/ry 9 ga!r+ /ores1 & _! usual en]gy 9 def5d+ !mselves aga9/ all _! enemies1 _! ru9 c\ld only be delay$ = a %ort "t4 ,9 a few mon?s1 !y w\ld all die a natural dea?1 & !re be+ none to replace !m1 ! hive w\ld be utt]ly depopulat$4 ,occasionally1 su* in/ances occur 9 :i* ! bees h di$1 & l>ge /ores ( honey h be5 f\nd unt\*$ 9 _! hives4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 b seldom happ5s3 = !y r>ely escape f ! assaults ( o!r colonies1 ev5 if aft] ! dea? ( _! que51 !y d n fall a prey to ! bee-mo?4 ,a mo!rless hive is almo/ always assault$ by /rong] /ocks1 :i* seem to h an in/9ctive k ( its orphanage1 & ha/5 at once1 to take possession ( its spoils4 7,see ,rem>ks on ,robb+47 ,if x escape ! ,scylla ( ^! pitiless plund]]s1 x is soon da%$ ^u a m m]ciless ,*>ybdis1 :5 ! miscreant mo?s h asc]ta9$ its de/itution4 ,e ye>1 l>ge numb]s ( hives are b]eft ( _! que51 & e ye>1 ! mo/ ( su* hives are ei!r robb$ by o!r bees1 or sack$ by ! bee-mo?1 or fir/ robb$1 & aft]w>ds sack$1 :ile _! own] imputes all ! mis*ief t is done1 to some?+ else ?an ! real cause4 ,he might j z well imag9e t ! birds1 or ! c>rion worms :i* are dev\r+ 8 dead horse1 7 actually ! prim>y cause ( its untimely end4 ,h[ (t5 we see ! same k9d ( mi/ake made by ^? :o impute ! decay ( a tree1 to ! insects :i* are banquet+ ^u its )]+ foliage2 :5 (t5 ^! insects are !re1 because ! disease ( ! tree has bo? furni%$ !m ) _! prop] alim5t1 & depriv$ ! plant ( ! vigor necess>y to enable x to resi/ _! attack4 ,! bee keep] c easily ga!r f ^! rem>ks1 ! means ^u :i* ,i mo/ rely1 to protect my colonies f ! bee-mo?4 ,kn[+ t /rong /ocks suppli$ ) a f]tile que51 are always able to take c>e ( !mselves1 9 almo/ any k9d ( hive1 ,i am c>eful to keep !m 9 ! /ate :i* is practically f\nd to be "o ( su* security4 ,if !y are weak1 !y mu/ be prop]ly /r5g!n$1 & conf9$ to only z mu* space z !y c w>m & def5d3 & if !y are que5less1 !y mu/ be suppli$ ) ! means ( repair+ _! loss1 or if t _c be done1 !y %\ld be at once brok5 up1 7,see ,rem>ks on ,que5lessness1 & ,union ( ,/ocks17 & add$ to o!r /ocks4 ,x _c be too deeply impress$ ^u ! m9d ( ! bee-keep]1 t a small colony ought always to be conf9$ to a small space1 if we wi% ! bees to "w ) ! greate/ en]gy1 & to (f] ! /\te/ resi/ance to _! num]\s enemies4 ,bees d mo/ unque/ionably1 abhor a vacuum1 if x is "o :i* !y c nei!r fill1 w>m nor def5d4 ,let ! prud5t bee-ma/] only keep 8 /ocks /rong1 & !y w d m to def5d !mselves aga9/ all intrud]s1 ?an he c possibly d = !m1 ev5 if he sp5ds 8 :ole "t 9 wat*+ & assi/+ !m4 ,x is h>dly necess>y1 aft] ! prec$+ rem>ks1 to say mu* ^u ! v>i\s contrivances to :i* s _m resort1 z a safegu>d aga9/ ! bee-mo?4 ,! idea t gauze-wire doors1 to be %ut daily at dusk1 & op5$ aga9 at morn+1 c exclude ! mo?1 w n weigh mu* ) "o :o has se5 !m fly+ & seek+ admission1 especially 9 dull wea!r1 long be=e ! bees h giv5 ov] _! "w = ! day4 ,ev5 if ! mo? c\ld be exclud$ by su* a contrivance1 x w\ld require1 on ! "p ( ^? :o rely ^u x1 a regul>ity almo/ ak9 to t ( ! heav5ly bodies 9 _! c\rses2 a regul>ity s sy/ematic1 9 %ort1 z ei!r to be impossible1 or likely to be atta9$ b by v few4 ,an exce$+ly +5i\s contrivance1 to say ! lea/1 to rem$y ! necessity = su* close sup]vision1 is t by :i* ! movable doors ( all ! hives are gov]n$ by a long lev] 9 ! %ape ( a h5-roo/1 s t ! hives may all be clos$ seasonably & regul>ly1 by ! cr[+ & cackl+ tribe1 :5 !y g to b$ at night1 & op5$ at once :5 !y fly f _! p]*1 to greet ! m]ry morn4 ,alas6 t s mu* +5uity %\ld be all 9 va96 ,*ick5s are (t5 sleepy1 & wi% to retire sometime be=e ! bees feel t !y h complet$ _! full day's "w1 & "s ( !m are s mu* oppos$ to e>ly ris+1 ei!r f ill-heal?1 or d[nright laz9ess1 t !y sit mop+ on _! roo/1 long aft] ! *e]ful sun has purpl$ ! gl[+ ,ea/4 ,ev5 if ?is device 7 p]fectly successful1 x c\ld n save f ru91 a colony :i* has lo/ its que54 ,! tru? is1 t almo/ all ! contrivances ^u :i* we are in/ruct$ to rely1 are j ab\t equival5t to ! lock c>efully put ^u ! /able door1 aft] ! horse has be5 /ol52 or to attempts to prev5t corruption f fa/5+ ^u ! body ( an animal1 aft] ! brea? ( life has =ev] dep>t$4 ,are !re !n no precautions to :i* we may resort1 except by us+ hives :i* give ! control ov] e comb8 ,c]ta9ly !re are1 & ,i %all n[ describe !m 9 su* a mann] z to aid all :o f9d !mselves annoy$ by ! inroads ( ! bee-mo?4 ,let ! prud5t bee-ma/] be deeply impress$ ) ! v great importance ( de/roy+ e>ly 9 ! season1 ! l>v ( ! bee-mo?4 ,prev5tion is1 at all times1 bett] ?an cure3 a s+le pair ( worms t are p]mitt$ to und]go _! *anges into ! w+$ insect1 may give bir? to "s hundr$s :i* be=e ! close ( ! season1 may fill ! ,api>y ) ?\s&s ( _! k9d4 ,! de/ruction ( a s+le worm e>ly 9 ! ,spr+1 may ?us be m efficaci\s ?an t ( hundr$s1 at a lat] p]iod4 ,if ! common hives are us$1 ^! worms mu/ be s\ght = 9 _! hid+ places1 "u ! edges ( ! hive2 or ! hive may be propp$ up1 on ! two ends1 ) /rips ( wood1 ab\t ?ree eigh?s ( an in* ?ick2 & a piece ( old wool5 rag put betwe5 ! bottom-bo>d & ! back ( ! hive4 ,into ?is w>m hid+ place1 ! full gr[n worm w retreat to sp9 its cocoon1 & x may !n be v easily caught & effectually dealt )4 ,holl[ /icks1 or split jo9ts ( cane may be set "u ! hives1 s z to elevate !m1 or may be laid on ! bottom-bo>d1 & if !y h a few small op5+s ?r\gh :i* ! bees _c ent]1 ! worms w take possession ( !m1 & may easily be de/roy$4 ,only provide "s holl[1 inaccessible to ! bees1 b communicat+ ) ! hive & easily accessible to ! worms :5 !y want to sp91 & to y\rself :5 y want !m1 & if ! bees are 9 good heal?1 s t !y w n p]mit ! worms to sp9 among ! combs1 y c1 ) ease1 entrap ne>ly all ( !m4 ,if ! hive has lo/ its que51 & ! worms h ga9$ possession ( x1 y c d no?+ = x bett] ?an to break x up z soon z possible1 unless y pref] to res]ve x z a mo? trap to deva/ate y\r :ole ,api>y4 ,i make use ( blocks ( a peculi> con/ruction1 9 ord] bo? to entrap ! worms1 & to exclude ! mo? f my hives4 ,! only place :]e ! mo? c ent]1 is j :]e ! bees are go+ 9 & out1 & ?is passage may be contract$ s z to suit ! size ( ! colony3 ! v %ape ( x is su* t if ! mo? attempts to =ce an entrance1 %e is oblig$ to travel ov] a space :i* is cont9ually n>r[+1 & ( c\rse1 is m & m easily def5d$ by ! bees4 ,my traps are slightly elevat$1 s t ! heat & odor ( ! hive pass "u !m1 & come out ?r\gh small op5+s into :i* ! mo? c ent]1 b :i* d n admit h] into ! hive4 ,^! op5+s1 :i* are s mu* l ! crevices betwe5 ! common hives & _! bottom-bo>ds1 ! mo? w ent]1 r ?an attempt to =ce h] way ?r\gh ! gu>ds1 & f9d+ "h ! nibbl+s & p>+s ( comb & bee-bread1 9 :i* h] "y c fl\ri%1 %e deposits h] eggs 9 a place :]e !y may be rea*$ & de/roy$4 ,all ?is is on ! supposition t ! hive has a heal?y que51 & t ! bees are conf9$ to a space :i* !y c w>m & def5d4 ,if !re are no gu>ds & no resi/ance1 or at be/ b a v feeble "o1 %e w n re/ 9 any out] *amb]1 b w p5etrate to ! v he>t ( ! citadel1 & !re deposit h] se$s ( mis*ief4 ,^! same blocks h also grooves :i* communicate ) ! int]ior ( ! hives1 & :i* appe> to ! pr[l+ worm 9 se>* ( a com=table ne/1 j ! v be/ possible place1 s w>m & snug & secure1 9 :i* to sp9 its web1 & bide its "t4 ,:5 ! h& ( ! bee-ma/] lights ^u x1 d\btless x has reason to feel t x has be5 caught 9 its own craft9ess4 ,if ask$ h[ mu* w su* contrivances help ! c>eless bee-man1 ,i answ]1 n "o iota2 nay1 !y w positively furni% him great] facilities = de/roy+ 8 bees4 ,worms w sp9 & hat*1 & mo?s w lay _! eggs1 "u ! blocks1 & he w nev] remove !m3 ?us in/ead ( traps he w h mo/ beautiful devices = giv+ m effectual aid & com=t to 8 enemies4 ,su* p]sons1 if !y ev] attempt to keep bees on my plans1 %\ld use only my smoo? blocks1 :i* w enable !m to control1 at w1 ! size ( ! entrance to ! hives1 & :i* are exce$+ly important 9 aid+ ! bees to def5d !mselves aga9/ mo?s & robb]s1 & all enemies :i* seek admission to _! ca/le4 ,let me1 h[ev]1 /rongly advise ! ?or\ghly & incorrigibly c>eless1 to h no?+ to d ) bees1 ei!r on my plan ( managem5t1 or any o!r2 = !y w f9d _! "t & money almo/ c]ta9ly ?r[n away2 unless _! mi%aps op5 _! eyes to ! secret ( _! failure 9 o!r ?+s1 z well z 9 bee-keep+4 ,if ,i f9d t ! worms1 by any means h got ! upp] h& 9 "o ( my hives1 ,i take out ! combs1 %ake (f ! bees1 r\te out ! worms & re/ore ! combs aga9 to ! bees3 if !re is reason to fe> t !y conta9 eggs & small worms1 ,i smoke !m ?or\ghly ) sulphur1 & air !m well be=e !y are return$4 ,su* op]ations1 h[ev]1 w v seldom be requir$4 ,%all[ vessels conta9+ sweet5$ wat]1 plac$ on ! hives aft] sunset1 w (t5 entrap _m ( ! mo?s4 ,pans ( milk are recomm5d$ by "s z useful = ?is purpose4 ,s fond are ! mo?s ( some?+ sweet1 t ,i h caught !m /ick+ fa/ to pieces ( moi/ sug>-c&y4 ,i _c d5y myself ! pleasure ( mak+ an extract f an article#bd f ! p5 ( t accompli%$ s*ol>1 & well-kn[n en?usia/ 9 bee-culture1 ,h5ry ,k4 ,oliv]1 ,esq4 ,we add a few words respect+ ! enemies ( bees4 ,! m\se1 ! toad1 ! ant1 ! /\t] spid]s1 ! wasp1 ! dea?-head mo?1 7,sph9x atropos17 & all ! v>ieties ( gall9ace\s birds1 h1 ea* & all1 a sweet too?1 & l1 v well1 a d9n] ( raw bee4 ,b ! ravages ( all ^! are b a baby bite to ! de/ruction caus$ by ! bee-mo?1 7,t9ea mellonella47 ,^! nimble-foot$ little mis*iev\s v]m9 may be se51 on any ev5+1 f e>ly ,may to ,octob]1 flutt]+ ab\t ! api>y1 or runn+ ab\t ! hives1 at a spe$ to out/rip ! swifte/ bee1 & endeavor+ to effect an entrance into ! door way1 = x is )9 ! hive t _! in/9ct tea*es !m !y mu/ deposit _! eggs4 ,y c h>dly f9d !m by day1 = !y are cunn+ & secrete !mselves4 ,!y love d>kness r ?an light1 because _! de$s are evil4 ,!y are a paltry look+1 insignificant little grey-hair$ pe/il5t race ( wax-&-honey-eat+ & bee-de/roy+ rascals1 t h baffl$ all contrivances t +5uity has devis$ to conqu] or de/roy !m4 ,y\r committee w\ld be v glad inde$ to be able to sugge/ any effectual means1 by :i* to assi/ ! honey-bee & its fri5ds1 aga9/ ! inroads ( ?is1 its bitt]e/ & mo/ successful foe1 ^: desolat+ ravages are m lam5t$ & m despond+ly ref]r$ to1 ?an ^? ( any o!r enemy4 ,v>i\s contrivances h be5 ann\nc$1 b none h prov$ efficaci\s to any full ext5t1 & we are compell$ to say t !re really is no security1 except 9 a v full1 heal?y & vigor\s /ock ( bees1 & 9 a v close & well made hive1 ! door ( :i* is ( su* dim5sions ( l5g? & height1 t ! nightly gu>ds c effectually protect x4 ,n too long a door1 nor too high4 ,if too long1 ! bees _c easily gu>d x1 & if too high1 ! mo? w get 9 ov] ! heads ( ! gu>ds4 ,if ! gu>ds cat* "o ( !m1 h] life is n wor? insur+4 ,b if ! mo?s1 9 any numb]s1 effect a lodgm5t 9 ! hive1 !n ! hive is n wor? insur+4 ,!y imm$iately comm5ce lay+ _! eggs1 f :i* comes1 9 a few days1 a br[ni% :ite cat]pill>1 :i* encloses itself1 all b its head1 9 a silk5 cocoon4 ,?is head1 cov]$ ) an imp5etrable coat ( scaly mail1 :i* bids defiance to ! bees1 is ?ru/ =w>d1 j outside ( ! silk5 enclosure1 & ! glutton\s pe/ eats all be=e x1 wax1 poll51 & exuvi1 until ru9 to ! /ock is inevitable4 ,z says ! ,prophet ,joel1 speak+ ( ! ravages ( ! locu/1 ! l& is z ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 be=e !m1 & beh9d !m a desolate wild]ness4 ,look out1 bre?r51 bee lov]s1 & h y\r hives ( ! be/ un%aky1 unknotty /ock1 ) close fitt+ jo9ts1 & well cov]$ ) ?ree or f\r coats ( pa9t4 ,he :o %all be successful 9 devis+ ! means ( ridd+ ! bee _w ( ?is de/ructive & m]ciless pe/1 w ri*ly des]ve to be cr[n$ ,k+ ,bee1 9 p]petuity1 to be entitl$ to a nev]-fad+ wrea? ( budd+ honey fl[]s1 f sweetly brea?+ fields1 all murmur+ ) bees1 to be privileg$ to use1 dur+ 8 natural life1 night tap]s f _! wax5 ?ighs1 be/ wax c&les1 7two to ! p\nd67 to h an annual (f]+ f e bee-ma/]1 ( t5 p\nds ea*1 ( v be/ virg9 honey1 & to a body gu>d1 = protection aga9/ all foes1 ( ?rice t5 ?\s& work]s1 all arm$ & equipp$1 z ,nature's law directs4 ,:o %all h ^! high honors8 ,x might seem highly presumptu\s = me1 at ?is e>ly date1 to lay claim to !m1 b ,i beg leave to enroll myself among ! li/ ( honorable c&idates1 & ,i *e]fully submit my pret5sions to ! suffrages ( all intellig5t keep]s ( bees4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,requisites1 ,i h spok5 ( ! ravages ( ! m\se1 & h !re describ$ ! way 9 :i* my hives are gu>d$ aga9/ its intrusion4 ,t "s k9ds ( birds are fond ( bees1 e ,api>ian kn[s1 to 8 co/2 /ill1 ,i _c advise t any %\ld1 on ?is acc\nt1 be de/roy$4 ,x has be5 /at$ to me1 by an intellig5t obs]v]1 t ! ,k+-bird1 :i* dev\rs !m by scores1 conf9es himself always1 9 ! season ( drones1 to ^? fat & lazy g5tlem5 ( leisure4 ,i fe> h[ev]1 t ?is1 z ! *ildr5 say1 is too good news to be true1 & t n only ! indu/ri\s portion ( ! busy community fall a prey to 8 fatal snap1 b t ! luxuri\s g\rm& c di/+ui% p]fectly well1 betwe5 an empty bee 9 se>* ( food1 & "o :i* is return+ full lad5 to its fragrant home1 & ^: honey-bag sweet5s ! delici\s tit-bit1 z ! cru%$ un=tunate1 all ready sug>$1 glides da9tily d[n 8 voraci\s maw6 ,/ill1 ,i h nev] yet be5 will+ to de/roy a bird1 because ( its fondness = bees2 & ,i advise all lov]s ( bees to h no?+ to d ) su* fooli% practices4 ,unless we c *eck among our p1 ! /upid1 z well z inhuman cu/om ( de/roy+ s wantonly1 on any pret5ce1 & (t5 on none at all1 ! insectivor\s birds1 we %all soon1 n only be depriv$ ( _! a]ial melody1 among ! leafy bran*es1 b %all lam5t ov] ! ev] increas+ horde ( de/ructive insects1 :i* ravage our fields & desolate our or*>ds1 & f ^: successful inroads1 no?+ b ! birds c ev] protect u4 ,?9k ( x1 ye :o c enjoy no music made by ^! w+$ *ori/]s ( ! skies1 except t ( _! agoniz+ screams1 z !y fall be=e y\r well-aim$ weapons1 & flutt] out _! innoc5t lives be=e y\r he>tless gaze6 ,drive away z fa/ & z f> z y please1 f y\r cruel premises1 all ! little birds t y _c de/roy1 & !n f9d1 if y c1 ^? :o w sympa?ize ) y1 :5 ! cat]pill>s weave _! de/roy+ webs ov] y\r leafless trees1 & insects ( all k9ds riot 9 glee1 ^u y\r bla/$ h>ve/s6 ,i hope t su* a heal?y public op9ion w soon prevail1 t ! man or boy :o is arm$ ) a gun to %oot ! little birds1 w be sc\t$ f all humane & civiliz$ society1 & if he %\ld be caught ab\t su* contemptible bus9ess1 w be too mu* a%am$ ev5 to look an hone/ man 9 ! face4 ,i %all close :at ,i h to say ab\t ! birds1 ) ! foll[+ beautiful translation ( an old ,greek poet's address to ! swall[4 ,attic maid51 honey f$1 ,*irp+ w>bl]1 be>'/ away1 ,?\ ! busy buzz+ bee1 ,to ?y call[ brood a prey8 ,w>bl]1 ?\ a w>bl] seize8 ,w+$1 "o ) lovely w+s8 ,gue/ ?yself1 by ,summ] br\ght1 ,yell[ gue/ :om ,summ] br+s8 ,wilt n quickly let x drop8 ',tis n fair1 inde$ 'tis wrong1 ,t ! ceaseless w>bl] %\ld ,die by m\? ( ceaseless song4 ,m]ivale's ,translation4 ,i h n ! space to speak at l5g? ( ! o!r enemies ( ! honi$ race3 nor inde$ is x at all necess>y4 ,if ! ,api>ian only succe$s 9 keep+ 8 /ocks /rong1 !y w be _! own be/ protectors1 & if he does n succe$ 9 ?is1 !y w\ld be ( little value1 ev5 if !y _h no enemies ev] vigilant1 to wat* = _! halt+4 ,nations :i* are bo? ri* & feeble1 invite attack1 z well z unfit !mselves = vigor\s resi/ance4 ,j s ) ! commonweal? ( bees4 ,unless amply gu>d$ by ?\s&s ready to die 9 its def5ce1 x is ev] liable to fall a prey to "s "o ( its _m enemies1 :i* are all agre$ 9 ?is "o op9ion1 at lea/1 t /ol5 honey is mu* m sweet ?an ! sl[ accumulations ( pati5t indu/ry4 ,9 ! ,*apt]s on ,protection & ,v5tilation1 ,i h spok5 ( ! fatal effects ( dys5t]y4 ,?is disease c always be prev5t$ by prop] caution on ! "p ( ! bee-keep]4 ,let him be c>eful n to fe$ 8 bees1 late 9 ! season1 on liquid honey1 7see ,*apt] on ,fe$+17 & let him keep !m 9 dry & ?or\ghly protect$ hives4 ,if 8 situation is at all damp1 & !re is dang] t wat] w settle "u 8 ,protector1 let him build x entirely above gr\nd2 o!rwise x may be z bad z a damp cell>1 & incomp>ably worse ?an no?+ at all4 ,!re is "o disease1 call$ by ! ,g]mans1 f\l brood1 ( :i* ,i "k no?+1 by my own obs]vation1 b :i* is1 ( all o!rs1 ! mo/ fatal 9 its effects4 ,! brood appe> to die 9 ! cells1 aft] !y are seal$ ov] by ! bees1 & ! /5* f _! decay+ bodies infects ! hive1 & seems to p>alyze ! bees4 ,?is disease is1 9 two in/ances1 attribut$ by ,dzi]zon1 to fe$+ bees on ,am]ican ,honey1 or1 z we call x1 ,s\!rn ,honey1 :i* is br\ght f ,cuba1 & o!r ,we/ ,india ,isl&s4 ,t su* honey is n ord9>ily poison\s1 is well kn[n3 probably t us$ by him1 0 tak5 f diseas$ colonies4 ,x is well kn[n t if any honey or combs are tak5 f a hive 9 :i* ?is pe/il5ce is rag+1 x w mo/ surely infect ! colonies to :i* !y may be giv54 ,no =eign honey ought !re=e to be ext5sively us$1 until its quality has be5 ?or\ghly te/$4 ,! extreme viol5ce ( ?is disease may be inf]r$ f ! fact1 t ,dzi]zon 9 "o season1 lo/ by x1 betwe5 f\r & five hundr$ colonies6 ,z at pres5t advis$1 if my colonies 7 attack$ by x1 ,i %\ld burn up ! bees1 combs1 honey1 frames1 & all1 f e diseas$ hive2 & !n ?or\ghly scald & smoke ) sulphur1 all su* hives1 & repl5i% !m ) bees f a heal?y /ock4 ,!re is a peculi> k9d ( dys5t]y :i* does n seem to affect a :ole colony1 b conf9es its ravages to a small numb] ( ! bees4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( ?is disease1 ^? attack$ are excessively irritable1 & w attempt to /+ any "o :o comes ne> ! hives4 ,if dissect$1 _! /oma*s are f\nd to be already discolor$ by ! disease4 ,9 ! latt] /ages ( ?is compla9t1 !y n only lose all _! irascibility1 b seem v /upid1 & may (t5 be se5 crawl+ ^u ! gr\nd unable to fly4 ,_! abdom5s are n[ unnaturally swoll51 & ( a mu* light] color ?an usual1 ow+ to _! be+ fill$ ) a yell[ matt] exce$+ly (f5sive to ! smell4 ,i h n yet asc]ta9$ ! cause ( ?is disease4 ,,footnotes3 #ba ,bevan4 #bb ,bevan4 #bc ,a bee1 a few days aft] x is hat*$1 is z fully compet5t = all its duties1 z x ev] w be1 at any subsequ5t p]iod ( its life4 #bd ,report on bees to ! ,essex ,c\nty ,agricultural ,society1 #ahea4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,loss ,,( ,,! ,,que54 ,t ! que5 ( a hive is (t5 lo/1 & t ! ru9 ( ! :ole colony soon foll[s1 unless su* a loss is seasonably rem$i$1 are facts :i* ought to be well kn[n to e obs]v+ bee-keep]4 ,"s que5s appe> to die ( old age or disease1 & at a "t :5 !re are no work]-eggs1 or l>v ( a suitable age1 to enable ! bees to supply _! loss4 ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t no v l>ge proportion ( ! que5s :i* p]i%1 are lo/ "u su* circum/ances4 ,ei!r ! bees are aw>e ( ! approa*+ end ( _! ag$ "m1 & take seasonable precautions to re> a successor2 or else %e dies v sudd5ly1 s z to leave beh9d h]1 brood ( a suitable age4 ,x is seldom t a que5 9 a hive t is /rong 9 numb]s & /ores1 dies ei!r at a p]iod ( ! ye> :5 !re is no brood f :i* ano!r c be re>$1 or :5 !re are no drones to impregnate ! "o re>$ 9 h] place4 ,9 speak+ ( ! age ( bees1 x has already be5 /at$ t que5s commonly die 9 _! f\r? ye>1 :ile none ( ! work]s live to be a ye> old4 ,n only is ! que5 mu* long] liv$ ?an ! o!r bees1 b %e seems to be possess$ ( great] t5acity ( life1 s t :5 any disease ov]takes ! colony1 %e is usually among ! la/ to p]i%4 ,by a mo/ admirable provision1 _! dea? ord9>ily takes place "u circum/ances ! mo/ favorable to _! b]eav$ family4 ,if x 7 o!rwise1 ! numb] ( colonies :i* w\ld annually p]i%1 w\ld be v mu* great] ?an x n[ is2 = z a numb] ( sup]annuat$ que5s mu/ die e ye>1 _m1 or ev5 mo/ ( !m might die at a season :5 _! loss w\ld necess>ily involve ! ru9 ( _! :ole colony4 ,9 non-sw>m+ hives1 ,i h f\nd cells 9 :i* que5s 7 re>$1 n to lead out a new sw>m1 b to supply ! place ( ! old "o :i* _h di$ 9 ! hive4 ,!re are a few well au!nticat$ in/ances1 9 :i* a "y que5 has be5 matur$ be=e ! dea? ( ! old "o1 b aft] %e _h become q ag$ & infirm4 ,/ill1 !re are cases :]e old que5s die1 ei!r s sudd5ly z to leave no "y brood beh9d !m1 or at a season :5 !re are no drones to impregnate ! "y que5s4 ,t que5s occasionally live to su* an age z to become incapable ( lay+ work] eggs1 is n[ a well e/abli%$ fact4 ,! sem9al res]voir sometimes becomes exhau/$1 be=e ! que5 dies ( old age1 & z x is nev] repl5i%$1 7see p4 #dd17 %e c only lay unimpregnat$ eggs1 or su* z produce drones in/ead ( work]s4 ,?is is an additional confirmation ( ! !ory fir/ prop\nd$ by ,dzi]zon4 ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,wagn] = ! foll[+ facts4 ,9 ! ,bi55zeitung1 = ,augu/1 #aheb1 ,c\nt ,/os* gives u ! case ( a colony exam9$ by himself1 ) ! aid ( an exp]i5c$ ,api>ian1 on ! #ad? ( ,april1 previ\s4 ,! work]-brood 0 !n f\nd to be heal?y4 ,9 ,may foll[+1 ! bees work$ indu/ri\sly1 & built new comb4 ,soon aft]w>ds !y ceas$ to build1 & appe>$ dispirit$2 & :51 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 he exam9$ ! colony aga91 he f\nd pl5ty ( drone brood 9 work] cells6 ,! que5 appe>$ weak & languid4 ,he conf9$ h] 9 a que5 cage1 & left h] 9 ! hive4 ,! bees clu/]$ ar\nd ! cage2 b next morn+ ! que5 0 f\nd to be dead4 ,"h we seem to h ! comm5cem5t1 progress & t]m9ation ( sup]-annuation1 all 9 ! space ( five or six weeks4 ,9 ! ,spr+ ( ! ye>1 z soon z ! bees beg9 to fly1 if _! motions are c>efully wat*$1 ! ,api>ian may ev5 9 ! common hives1 g5]ally asc]ta9 f _! actions1 :e!r !y are 9 possession ( a f]tile que54 ,if !y are se5 to br+ 9 bee-bread ) great eag]ness1 x foll[s1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 t !y h brood1 & are anxi\s to obta9 fre% food = its n\ri%m5t4 ,if any hive does n indu/ri\sly ga!r poll51 or accept ! rye fl\r ^u :i* ! o!rs are fea/+1 !n !re is an almo/ absolute c]ta9ty ei!r t x has n a que51 or t %e is n f]tile1 or t ! hive is s]i\sly infe/$ ) worms1 or t x is on ! v v]ge ( />vation4 ,an exp]i5c$ eye w decide ^u ! que5lessness1 7to use ! ,g]man t]m17 ( a hive1 f ! re/less appe>ance ( ! bees4 ,at ?is p]iod ( ! ye> :5 !y fir/ realize ! magnitude ( _! loss1 & be=e !y h become 9 a mann] ei!r reconcil$ to x1 or indiff]5t to _! fate1 !y roam 9 an inquir+ mann]1 9 & out ( ! hive1 & ov] its outside z well z inside1 & pla9ly manife/ t some?+ calamit\s has befall5 !m4 ,(t5 ^? t return f ! fields1 in/ead ( ent]+ ! hive ) t dispat*ful ha/e s *>act]i/ic ( a bee return+ well /or$ to a prosp]\s home1 l+] ab\t ! entrance ) an idle & v dissatisfi$ appe>ance1 & ! colony is re/less1 long aft] ! o!r /ocks are quiet4 ,_! home1 l t ( ! man :o is curs$ r ?an bless$ 9 8 dome/ic relations1 is a melan*oly place3 & !y only ent] x ) reluctant & sl[-mov+ /eps6 ,if ,i c\ld address a fri5dly ^w ( advice to e m>ri$ woman1 ,i w\ld say1 ,d all t y c to make y\r husb&'s home a place ( attraction4 ,:5 abs5t f x1 let 8 he>t gl[ at ! v ?\ght ( return+ to its de> enjoym5ts2 & let 8 c\nt5ance involunt>ily put on a m *e]ful look1 & 8 joy-quick5$ /eps proclaim1 z he is approa*+1 t he feels 9 8 he>t ( he>ts1 t !re is no place l home4 ,let h] :om he has *os5 z a wife & companion1 be ! happy & honor$ ,que5 9 8 *e]ful habitation3 let h] be ! c5t] & s\l ab\t :i* 8 be/ affections %all ev] revolve4 ,i "k t !re are brutes 9 ! guise ( m51 ^u :om all ! w9n+ attractions ( a prud5t1 virtu\s wife1 make little or no impression4 ,alas t x %\ld be s6 b :o c tell h[ _m1 ev5 ( ! mo/ hopeless cases1 h be5 sav$ = two worlds1 by a union ) a virtu\s woman1 9 ^: tongue 0 ! law ( k9dness1 & ( :om x c\ld be said1 ! he>t ( h] husb& do? safely tru/ 9 h]1 = %e w d him good & n evil1 all ! days ( h] life4 ,said a man ( l>ge exp]i5ce1 ,i sc>cely "k a woman :o has an intemp]ate husb&1 :o did n ei!r m>ry a man ^: habits 7 already bad1 or :o did n drive h] husb& to evil c\rses1 7(t5 :5 su* a calamit\s result 0 ! fur!/ possible f h] ?\ghts or wi%es17 by mak+ him feel t he _h no happy home4 ,?9k ( x1 ye :o f9d t home is n full ( de> delights1 z well to y\rselves1 z to y\r affectionate husb&s6 ,try h[ mu* virtue !re may be 9 w9n+ words & happy smiles1 & ! *e]ful dis*>ge ( h\sehold duties1 & prove ! utmo/ possible efficacy ( love & fai? & pray]1 be=e ^? words ( fe>ful agony are extort$ f y\r despair+ lips1 ,any:]e1 any:]e ,out ( ! _w2 :5 amid te>s & sighs ( inexpressible agony1 y settle d[n into ! he>t-break+ conviction t y c h no home until y h pass$ into t habitation n fa%ion$ by human h&s1 or inhabit$ by human he>ts6 ,is !re any husb& :o c resi/ all ! sweet attractions ( a lovely wife8 :o does n set a priceless value ^u ! v gem ( 8 life8 ,if su* !re be1 g m>k him well2 ,high ?\gh 8 titles1 pr\d 8 fame1 ,b\ndless 8 weal? z wi% c claim1 ,! wret*1 conc5t]$ all 9 self1 ,liv+1 %all =feit fair r5[n1 ,& d\bly dy+1 %all g d[n ,to ! vile du/ f :5ce he sprung ,unwept1 unhonor$1 & unsung4--,scott4 ,i tru/ my read]s1 rememb]+ my pr(ession1 w p>don ?is long digression to :i* ,i felt myself irresi/ibly impell$4 ,:5 ! bees comm5ce _! "w 9 ! ,spr+1 !y give1 z previ\sly /at$1 reliable evid5ce ei!r t all is well1 or t ru9 lurks )94 ,9 ! common hives h[ev]1 x is n always easy to decide ^u _! real condition4 ,! que5less ones d n1 9 all cases1 disclose _! mis=tune1 any m ?an all unhappy husb&s or wives see fit to proclaim ! full ext5t ( _! dome/ic wret*$ness3 !re is a va/ am\nt ( seem+ ev5 9 ! little _w ( ! bee-hive4 ,"o great advantage 9 my mode ( con/ruction is t ,i am nev] oblig$ to leave any?+ to vague conjecture2 b ,i c1 9 a few mom5ts1 op5 ! int]ior1 & "k precisely :at is ! real condition ( ! bees4 ,on "o occasion ,i f\nd t a colony :i* _h be5 que5less = a consid]able "t1 utt]ly refus$ to raise ano!r1 & dev\r$ all ! eggs :i* 7 giv5 to !m = t purpose6 ,?is colony 0 aft]w>ds suppli$ ) an unimpregnat$ que51 b !y refus$ to accept ( h]1 & attempt$ at once to smo!r h] to dea?4 ,i !n gave !m a f]tile que51 b %e met ) no bett] treatm5t4 ,facts ( a simil> k9d h be5 notic$1 by o!r obs]v]s3 ?us x seems t bees may n only become reconcil$1 z x 71 to liv+ )\t a "m1 b may pass into su* an unnatural /ate z n only to decl9e to provide !mselves ) ano!r1 b actually to refuse to accept ( "o by ^: ag5cy !y might be rescu$ f imp5d+ ru96 ,be=e express+ too mu* a/oni%m5t at su* fooli% conduct1 let u s]i\sly inquire if x has n (t5 an exact p>allel 9 our ob/9ate rejection ( ! provisions :i* ,god has made 9 ! ,gospel = our moral & religi\s welf>e4 ,if a colony :i* refuses to re> ano!r que51 has a range ( comb giv5 to x conta9+ matur+ brood1 ^! poor mo!rless innoc5ts1 z soon z !y are able to "w1 p]ceive _! loss1 & w proce$ at once1 if !y h ! means1 to supply x6 ,!y h n yet gr[n s h>d5$ by habit to unnatural & ru9\s c\rses1 z n to feel t some?+ absolutely indisp5sable to _! safety is want+ 9 _! hive4 ,a ^w to ! "y :o may read ?is treatise4 ,al?\gh enjo9$ to rememb] y\r ,creator 9 ! days ( y\r y\?1 y are con/antly tempt$ to neglect y\r religi\s duties1 & to procra/9ate _! p]=mance until "s m conv5i5t season4 ,l ! old bees 9 a hive )\t a que51 t seek only _! pres5t enjoym5t1 =getful ( ! ru9 :i* mu/ surely ov]take !m1 s y may f9d t :5 manhood & old age arrive1 y w h ev5 less disposition to love & s]ve ! ,"l ?an y n[ h4 ,! fett]s :i* b9d y to s9ful habits w h /r5g!n$ ) ye>s until y f9d bo? ! incl9ation & ability to break !m cont9ually decreas+4 ,9 ! ,spr+1 z soon z ! wea!r becomes suffici5tly pleasant1 ,i c>efully exam9e all ! hives :i* d n pres5t ! mo/ unmi/akable evid5ces ( heal? & vigor4 ,if a que5 is want+1 ,i at once1 if ! colony is small1 break x up1 & add ! bees to ano!r /ock4 ,if h[ev]1 ! colony %\ld be v l>ge1 ,i sometimes jo9 to x "o ( my small /ocks :i* has a heal?y que54 ,x may be ask$ :y n supply ! que5less /ock ) ! means ( rais+ ano!r8 ,simply because !re w\ld be no drones to impregnate h]1 9 season2 & ! :ole op]ation w\ld !re=e result 9 an entire failure4 ,:y n endeavor !n to pres]ve x1 until ! season = drones approa*es1 & !n give x a que58 ,because x is 9 dang] ( be+ robb$ or de/roy$ by ! mo?1 :ile ! bees1 if add$ to ano!r /ock1 c d me f> m s]vice ?an !y c\ld1 if left to idl5ess 9 _! old hive4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,i am n l ! bee-keep]s on ! old plan1 extremely anxi\s to save e colony1 h[ev] feeble3 z ,i c1 at ! prop] season1 =m z _m z ,i want1 & ) f> less tr\ble & exp5se ?an are requir$ to make any?+ out ( su* disc\rag$ /ocks4 ,if any ( my colonies are f\nd to be feeble 9 ! ,spr+1 b yet 9 possession ( a heal?y que51 ,i help !m to combs conta9+ matur+ brood1 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,9 %ort1 ,i asc]ta91 at ! op5+ ( ! season1 ! exact condition ( all my /ock1 & apply su* rem$ies z ,i f9d to be ne$$1 giv+ to "s1 matur+ brood1 to o!rs honey1 & break+ up all ^: condition appe>s to admit ( no rem$y4 ,if h[ev]1 ! bees h n be5 multipli$ too rapidly1 & prop] c>e 0 tak5 to w9t] none b /rong /ocks1 !y w ne$ b little assi/ance 9 ! ,spr+2 & ne>ly all ( !m w %[ indubitable signs ( heal? & vigor4 ,i /rongly recomm5d e prud5t bee-keep] :o uses my hives1 to give !m all a mo/ ?or\gh ov]-haul+ & cleans+1 soon aft] ! bees beg9 to "w 9 ! ,spr+4 ,! bees ( any /ock may1 ) _! combs1 c41 all be transf]r$1 9 a few m9utes1 to a clean hive2 & _! hive1 aft] be+ ?or\ghly cleans$1 may be us$ = ano!r transf]r$ /ock2 & 9 ?is way1 ) "o sp>e hive1 ! bees may all be lodg$ 9 habitations f :i* e speck ( dirt has be5 remov$4 ,!y w ?us h hives :i* c by no possibility1 h>bor any ( ! eggs1 or l>v ( ! mo?1 & :i* may be made p]fectly free f ! lea/ smell ( mu/ or m\ld or any?+ (f5sive to ! delicate s5ses ( ! bees4 ,9 mak+ ?is ?or\gh cleans+ ( all ! hives1 ! ,api>ian w necess>ily ga9 an exact k ( ! true condition ( ea* /ock1 & w "k :i* h sp>e honey1 & :i* require food3 9 %ort1 :i* are 9 ne$ ( help 9 any respect1 & :i* h ! requisite /r5g? to l5d a help+ h& to o!rs4 ,if any hive ne$s repair+1 x may be put into p]fect ord]1 be=e x is us$ aga94 ,hives manag$ 9 ?is fa%ion1 if ! ro(s & outside cov]s are occasionally pa9t$ anew1 w la/ = g5]ations1 & w be f\nd1 on ! score ( *eapness1 pref]able1 9 ! long run1 to any o!r k9d4 ,b ,i ought to beg p>don ( ! ,g5ius ( ,am]ican *eapness1 :o s k9dly presides ov] ! mak+ ( mo/ ( our manufactures1 & "u ^: %rewd tuition we are fa/ beg9n+ to believe t *eapness 9 ! fir/ co/ ( an article1 is ! ma9 po9t to :i* our att5tion %\ld be direct$6 ,let u to be sure1 save all t we c 9 ! co/ ( con/ruction1 by ! greate/ economy 9 ! use ( mat]ials2 let u compel e m9ute to yield ! greate/ possible practical result1 by ! employm5t ( ! mo/ skillful workm5 & ! mo/ +5i\s ma*9]y2 b d let u le>n t slight+ an article1 s z to get up a m]e %am1 hav+ all ! appe>ance ( reality1 ) none ( ! sub/ance1 is ! poore/ possible k9d ( pret5d$ economy2 to say no?+ ( ! t5d5cy ( su* a sy/em1 to enc\rage 9 all ! pursuits ( life1 ! n>r[ & selfi% policy ( do+ no?+ ?or\ghly1 b ev]y?+ ) ref]5ce to m]e outside %[1 or ! urg5t necessities ( ! pres5t mom5t4 ,we h yet to describe "u :at circum/ances1 by f> ! l>g] proportion ( hives1 become que5less4 ,aft] ! fir/ sw>m has gone out ) ! old "m1 !n bo? ! p>5t /ock & all ! subsequ5t sw>ms1 w h ea* a "y que5 :i* mu/ always leave ! hive 9 ord] to be impregnat$4 ,x sometimes happ5s t ! w+s ( ! "y female are1 f h] bir?1 s imp]fect t %e ei!r refuses to sally out1 or is unable to return to ! hive1 if %e v5tures abroad4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! old /ock mu/1 if left to its own res\rces1 spe$ily p]i%4 ,que5s1 9 _! conte/s ) ea* o!r1 are sometimes s mu* crippl$ z to unfit !m = flight1 & sometimes !y are disabl$ by ! rude treatm5t ( ! bees1 :o insi/ on driv+ !m away f ! royal cells4 ,! great majority1 h[ev]1 ( que5s :i* are lo/1 p]i% :5 !y leave ! hive 9 se>* ( ! drones4 ,_! extra size & sl[] flight make !m a mo/ tempt+ prey to ! birds1 ev] on ! wat* 9 ! vic9ity ( ! hives2 & _m 9 ?is way1 p]i%4 ,o!rs are de/roy$ by sudd5 gu/s ( w9ds1 :i* da% !m aga9/ "s h>d object1 or bl[ !m into ! wat]2 = que5s are by no means1 exempt f ! mis=tunes common to ! humble/ ( _! race4 ,v frequ5tly1 9 spite ( all _! caution 9 notic+ ! position & appe>ance ( _! habitation1 be=e !y left x1 !y make a fatal mi/ake on _! return1 & are imprison$ & de/roy$ z !y attempt to ent] ! wrong hive4 ,! precautions :i* %\ld be us$1 to prev5t su* a calamity1 h be5 already describ$4 ,if ^! are neglect$1 ^? :o build _! hives ( uni=m size & appe>ance1 w f9d !mselves los+ _m m que5s ?an ! p]son :o uses ! old-fa%ion$ boxes1 h>dly any two ( :i* look j alike4 ,! bees seem to me1 to h1 z x 71 an in/9ctive p]ception ( ! dang]s :i* await _! new que5 :5 %e makes h] excursion 9 se>* ( ! drones1 & (t5 ga!r ar\nd h]1 & conf9e h]1 z ?\gh !y c\ld n be> to h h] leave6 ,i h repeat$ly notic$ !m do+ ?is1 al?\gh ,i _c affirm ) positive c]ta9ty1 :y !y d x4 ,!y are usually excessively agitat$ :5 ! que5 leaves1 & (t5 exhibit all ! appe>ance ( sw>m+4 ,if ! que5 ( an old /ock is lo/ 9 ?is way1 h] colony w gradually dw9dle away4 ,if ! que5 ( an aft]-sw>m fails to return1 ! bees v spe$ily come to no?+1 if !y rema9 9 ! hive2 z a g5]al rule1 h[ev]1 !y soon leave & attempt to add !mselves to o!r colonies4 ,x w\ld be highly int]e/+ to asc]ta9 9 :at way ! bees become in=m$ ( ! loss ( _! que54 ,:5 %e is tak5 f !m "u su* circum/ances z to excite ! :ole colony1 !n we c easily see h[ !y f9d out t %e is gone2 = :5 greatly excit$1 !y always seek fir/ to assure !mselves ( h] safety2 j z a t5d] "m 9 "t ( dang] =gets h]self 9 h] anxiety = h] helpless *ildr56 ,if h[ev]1 ! que5 is c>efully remov$1 s t ! colony is n di/urb$1 x is sometimes a day1 or ev5 m1 be=e !y realize _! loss4 ,h[ d !y fir/ become aw>e ( x8 ,p]haps "s dutiful bee feels t x is a long "t s9ce x has se5 its "m1 & anxi\s to embrace h]1 makes dilig5t se>* = h] ?r\gh ! hive6 ,! intellig5ce t %e _c any:]e be f\nd1 is soon nois$ abroad1 & ! :ole community are at once al>m$4 ,at su* times1 in/ead ( calmly conv]s+ by m]ely t\*+ ea* o!r's ant5n1 !y may be se5 viol5tly /rik+ z x 71 _! ant5n toge!r1 & by ! mo/ impassion$ demon/rations manife/+ _! agony & despair4 ,i once remov$ a que5 9 su* a mann] z to cause ! bees to take w+ & fill ! air 9 se>* ( h]4 ,%e 0 return$ 9 a few m9utes1 & yet1 on exam9+ ! colony1 two days aft]1 ,i f\nd t !y _h actually comm5c$ ! build+ ( royal cells1 9 ord] to raise ano!r6 ,! que5 0 unhurt & ! cells 7 n t5ant$4 ,0 ?is "w begun by "s t refus$ = a long "t to believe ! o!rs1 :5 told t %e 0 safe8 ,or 0 x begun f ! appreh5sion t %e might aga9 be remov$8 ,e colony :i* has a new que51 %\ld be wat*$1 9 ord] t ! ,api>ian may be seasonably appris$ ( h] loss4 ,! re/less conduct ( ! bees1 on ! ev5+ ( ! day t %e fails to return1 w at once in=m ! exp]i5c$ bee-ma/] ( ! accid5t :i* has befall5 8 hive4 ,if ! bees _c be suppli$ ) ano!r que51 or ) ! means ( rais+ "o1 if an old sw>m x mu/ be brok5 up1 & ! bees add$ to ano!r /ock2 if a new sw>m x mu/ always be brok5 up1 unless x c be suppli$ ) a que5 ne>ly mature1 or else !y w build combs unfit = ! re>+ ( work]s4 ,by ! use ( my movable comb hives1 all ^! op]ations c be easily p]=m$4 ,if any hives h lo/ _! "y que51 !y may be suppli$1 ei!r ) ! means ( rais+ ano!r1 or ) seal$ que5s f o!r hives1 or1 7if ! plan is f\nd to answ]17 ) mature ones f ! ,nurs]y4 ,z a matt] ( precaution1 ,i g5]ally give to all my /ocks t are rais+ "y que5s1 or :i* h unimpregnat$ ones1 a range ( comb conta9+ brood & eggs1 s t !y may1 9 case ( any accid5t to _! que51 proce$ at once1 to supply _! loss4 ,9 ?is way1 ,i prev5t !m f be+ s dissatisfi$ z to leave ! hive4 ,ab\t a week aft] ! "y que5s h hat*$1 ,i exam9e all ! hives :i* conta9 !m1 lift+ out usually1 "s ( ! l>ge/ combs1 & ^? :i* ought to conta9 brood4 ,if ,i f9d a comb :i* has eggs or l>v1 ,i am satisfi$ t !y h a f]tile que51 & %ut up ! hive2 unless ,i wi% to f9d h]1 9 ord] to deprive h] ( h] w+s1 7see p4 #bjc47 ,i c ?us (t5 satisfy myself 9 "o or two m9utes4 ,if no brood is f\nd1 ,i suspect t ! que5 has be5 lo/1 or t %e has "s defect :i* has prev5t$ h] f leav+ ! hive4 ,if ! brood-comb :i* ,i put into ! hive1 conta9s any newly-=m$ royal cells1 ,i "k1 )\t any fur!r exam9ation1 t ! que5 has be5 lo/4 ,if ! wea!r has be5 unfavorable1 or ! colony is q weak1 ! "y que5 is sometimes n impregnat$ z e>ly z usual1 & an all[ance ( a few days mu/ be made on ?is acc\nt4 ,if ! wea!r is favorable1 & ! colony a good "o1 ! que5 usually leaves1 ! day aft] %e f9ds h]self mi/ress ( a family4 ,9 ab\t two days m1 %e beg9s to lay h] eggs4 ,by wait+ ab\t a week be=e ! exam9ation is made1 ample all[ance1 9 mo/ cases1 is made4 ,e>ly 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 ,i exam9e c>efully all my hives1 s z to see t 9 e respect1 !y are 9 suitable condition = w9t]+4 ,if any ne$ fe$+1 7,see ,*apt] on ,fe$+17 !y are f$ at ?is "t4 ,if any h m vacant room ?an !y ought to h1 ,i p>tition (f t "p ( ! hive :i* !y d n ne$4 ,i always expect to f9d "s brood 9 e heal?y hive at ?is "t1 & if 9 any hive ,i f9d none1 & asc]ta9 t x is que5less1 ,i ei!r at once break x up1 or if x is /rong 9 numb]s supply x ) a que51 by add+ to x "s feebl] /ock4 ,if bees1 h[ev]1 are prop]ly att5d$ to1 at ! season :5 _! "y que5s are impregnat$1 x w be a v r>e occurr5ce to f9d a que5less colony 9 ! ,fall4 ,! practical bee-keep] )\t fur!r directions1 w readily p]ceive h[ any op]ation1 :i* 9 ! common hives1 is p]=m$ ) difficulty1 if x c be p]=m$ at all1 is r$uc$ to simplicity & c]ta9ty1 by ! control ( ! combs4 ,if h[ev]1 bee-keep]s w be neglig5t & ignorant1 no hive c possible make !m v successful4 ,if !y belong to ! frat]nity ( no eyes1 :o h kept bees all _! lives1 & d n "k t !re is a que51 !y w probably d]ive no special pleasure f be+ compell$ to believe :at !y h always d]id$ z humbug or book-k2 al?\gh ,i h se5 "s bee-keep]s v intellig5t on mo/ matt]s1 :o nev] seem to h le>n$ ! fir/ rudim5ts 9 ! natural hi/ory ( ! bee4 ,^? :o _c1 or w n le>n = !mselves1 or :o h n ! leisure or disposition to manage _! own bees1 may yet ) my hives1 entru/ _! c>e to suitable p]sons :o may1 at ! prop] "t1 att5d to all _! wants4 ,practical g>d5]s may f9d ! managem5t ( bees = _! employ]s1 to be q a lucrative "p ( _! pr(ession4 ,) b little extra labor & ) great c]ta9ty1 !y may1 f "t to "t1 d all t ! prosp]ity ( ! bees require2 c>efully ov]-haul+ !m 9 ! ,spr+1 mak+ new colonies1 at ! suitable p]iod1 if any are want$1 giv+ !m _! surplus honey receptacles1 & remov+ !m :5 full2 & on ! approa* ( ,w9t]1 putt+ all ! colonies into prop] condition1 to resi/ its rigors4 ,! bus9ess ( ! practical ,api>ian1 & t ( ! ,g>d5]1 seem v naturally to g toge!r1 & "o great advantage ( my hive & mode ( managem5t is ! ease ) :i* !y may be successfully unit$4 ,"s ,api>ians aft] all t has be5 said1 may /ill h d\bts :e!r ! "y que5s leave ! hive = impregnation2 or may ?9k t ! old ones occasionally leave1 ev5 :5 !y d n g out to lead a sw>m4 ,su* p]sons may1 if !y *oose1 easily conv9ce !mselves by ! foll[+ exp]im5ts ( ! accuracy ( my /atem5ts4 ,ab\t a week aft] hiv+ a second sw>m1 or aft] ! bir? ( a "y que5 9 a hive1 & aft] %e has begun to lay eggs1 op5 ! hive & remove h]3 c>ry h] a few rods 9 front ( ! ,api>y1 & let h] fly2 %e w at once ent] h] own hive & ?us %[ t %e has previ\sly left x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 an old que5 is remov$ a %ort "t aft] hiv+ ! sw>m1 %e w n be able to di/+ui% h] own hive f any o!r1 & w ?us %[ t %e has n left x1 s9ce ! sw>m 0 hiv$4 ,if ?is exp]im5t is p]=m$ ^u an old que51 9 a hive 9 :i* %e 0 put ! ye> be=e1 :5 unimpregnat$1 ! same result w foll[2 = z %e nev] left x aft] t ev5t1 %e w h lo/ all recollection ( its relative position 9 ! ,api>y4 ,! fir/ ( ^! exp]im5ts has be5 sugge/$ by ,dzi]zon4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,union ,,( ,,/ocks4 ,,transf]r+ ,,bees ,,f ,,! ,,common ,,hive4 ,,/>t+ ,,an ,,api>y4 ,frequ5t allusions h be5 made to ! importance1 = v>i\s reasons1 ( break+ up /ocks & unit+ !m to o!r families 9 ! ,api>y4 ,colonies :i* 9 ! e>ly ,spr+1 are f\nd to be que5less1 ought at once to be manag$ 9 ?is way1 = ev5 if n spe$ily de/roy$ by _! enemies1 !y are only consum]s ( ! /ores :i* !y ga!r$ 9 _! happi] days4 ,! same treatm5t %\ld also be ext5d$ to all t 9 ! ,fall1 are f\nd to be 9 a simil> condition4 ,z small colonies1 ev5 ?\gh possess$ ( a heal?y que51 are nev] able to w9t] z advantage\sly z l>ge ones1 ! bees f sev]al su* colonies ought to be put toge!r1 to enable !m by keep+ up ! necess>y supply ( heat1 to survive ! ,w9t] on a small] supply ( food4 ,a c]ta9 quantity ( animal heat mu/ be ma9ta9$ by bees1 9 ord] to live at all1 & if _! numb]s are too small1 !y c only keep x up1 by eat+ m ?an !y w\ld o!rwise require4 ,a small sw>m w ?us n unfrequ5tly1 consume z mu* honey z "o conta9+ two or ?ree times z _m bees4 ,^! are facts :i* h be5 mo/ ?or\ghly te/$ on a v l>ge scale4 ,if a hundr$ p]sons are requir$ to occupy1 ) com=t1 a *ur* t is capable ( accommodat+ a ?\s&1 z mu* fuel or ev5 m w be requir$1 to w>m ! small numb] z ! l>ge "o4 ,if ! /ocks :i* are to be w9t]$1 are 9 ! common hives1 ! condemn$ ones mu/ be drumm$ out ( _! old encampm5t1 spr9kl$ ) sug>-wat] sc5t$ ) pepp]m9t1 or "s o!r pleasant odor1 & add$ to ! o!rs1 7see p4 #bab47 ,! colonies :i* are to be unit$ ought if possible1 to /& side by side1 "s "t be=e ?is process is attempt$4 ,?is c almo/ always be effect$ by a little managem5t1 = :ile x w\ld n be safe to move a colony all at once1 ev5 a few y>ds to ! "r or left ( ! l9e ( flight 9 :i* ! bees sally out to ! fields1 7especially if o!r hives are ne>17 !y may be mov$ a slight di/ance "o day1 & a little m ! next1 & s on1 until we h !m at la/ 9 ! desir$ place4 ,z p]sons may sometimes be oblig$ to move _! ,api>ies1 dur+ ! work+ season1 ,i w "h describe ! way by :i* ,i 0 able to accompli% su* a removal1 s z to b5efit1 in/ead ( injur+ my bees4 ,select+ a pleasant day1 ,i mov$1 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 a portion ( my v be/ /ocks4 ,a consid]able numb] ( bees f ^! colonies1 return$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! day to ! famili> spot2 aft] fly+ ab\t = "s "t1 9 se>* ( _! hives1 7if ! wea!r _h be5 *illy _m ( !m w\ld h p]i%$17 !y at l5g? ent]$ ^? /&+ next to _! old homes4 ,m ( ! /ronge/ 7 remov$1 on ! next pleasant day3 & ?is process 0 repeat$1 until at la/ only "o hive 0 left 9 ! old ,api>y4 ,?is 0 !n remov$1 & only a few bees return$ to ! old spot4 ,i ?us lo/ no m bees1 9 mov+ a numb] ( hives1 ?an ,i %\ld h lo/ 9 mov+ "o3 & ,i conduct$ ! process 9 su* a way1 z to /r5g!n "s ( my feeble /ocks1 in/ead ( v s]i\sly dim9i%+ _! scanty numb]s4 ,i h kn[n ! mo/ s]i\s losses to result f ! removal ( an ,api>y1 conduct$ 9 ! mann] 9 :i* a *ange ( location is usually made4 ,! process ( unit+ colonies 9 my hive1 is exce$+ly simple4 ,! combs may1 aft] ! two colonies are spr9kl$1 be at once lift$ out f ! "o :i* is to be brok5 up1 & put ) all ! bees ^u !m1 directly into ! o!r hive4 ,if ! ,api>ian judges x be/ to save any ( 8 v small colonies1 he c conf9e !m to "o half or "o ?ird ( ! c5tral "p ( ! hive1 & fill ! two empty ends ) /raw1 %av+s1 or any good non-conductor4 ,any "o ( my frames1 c1 9 a few m9utes1 by hav+ tack$ to x a ?9 piece ( bo>d or pa/e-bo>d1 or ev5 an old newspap]1 be fa%ion$ into a divid]1 :i* w answ] all practical purposes1 & if x is /uff$ ) cotton wa/e1 c41 x w keep ! bees uncommonly w>m4 ,if a v small colony is to be pres]v$ ov] ,w9t]1 ! que5 mu/ be conf9$1 9 ! ,fall1 9 a que5 cage1 to prev5t ! colony f des]t+ ! hive4 ,i %all n[ %[ h[ ! bee-keep] :o wi%es only to keep a giv5 numb] ( /ocks1 may d s1 & yet secure f t numb] ! l>ge/ quantity ( surplus honey4 ,if 8 bees are kept 9 non-sw>m+ hives1 he may und\bt$ly1 reap a b\nte\s h>ve/ f ! avails ( _! indu/ry4 ,i d n h[ev]1 recomm5d ?is mode ( bee-keep+ z ! be/3 /ill !re are _m s situat$ t x may be mu* ! be/ = !m4 ,su* p]sons1 by us+ my hives1 c pursue ! non-sw>m+ plan to ! be/ advantage4 ,!y c by tak+ (f ! w+s ( _! que5s1 be sure t _! colonies w n sudd5ly leave !m2 a casualty to :i* all o!r non-sw>m+ hives are sometimes liable2 & by tak+ away ! honey 9 small quantities1 !y w always give ! bees pl5ty ( sp>e room = /orage1 & yet avoid disc\rag+ !m1 z is s (t5 done :5 l>ge boxes are tak5 f !m4 7,see ,*apt] on ,honey47 ,by remov+ f "t to "t1 ! old que5s1 ! colonies c all be kept 9 possession ( que5s1 at ! height ( _! f]tility1 & 9 ?is way a v s]i\s objection to ! non-sw>m+1 or z x is frequ5tly call$1 ! /orify+ sy/em1 may be avoid$4 ,if at any "t1 new colonies are want$1 !y may be made 9 ! mann] already describ$4 ,9 di/ricts :]e ! honey h>ve/ is ( v %ort cont9uance1 ! non-sw>m+ plan may be f\nd to yield ! l>ge/ quantity ( honey1 & 9 case ! season %\ld prove unfavorable = ! ga!r+ ( honey1 x w usually secure ! l>ge/ returns f a giv5 numb] ( /ocks4 ,i !re=e pref] to keep a consid]able numb] ( my colonies1 on ! /orify+ plan1 & am confid5t ( secur+ f !m1 a good yield ( honey1 ev5 9 ! mo/ unfavorable seasons4 ,if bee-keep]s w pursue ! same sy/em1 !y w n only be on ! safe side1 b w be able to det]m9e :i* me?od x w be be/ = !m to adopt1 9 ord] to make ! mo/ f _! bees4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! ,api>ian :o increases ! numb] ( 8 colonies1 "o ?ird 9 a season1 mak+ "o v p[]ful sw>m f two1 7,see p4 #baa17 w h m surplus honey f ! ?ree1 ?an he c\ld h obta9$ f ! two1 to say no?+ ( ! value ( 8 new sw>ms4 ,if1 at ! approa* ( ,w9t]1 he wi%es to r$uce 8 /ocks d[n to ! ,spr+ numb]1 he may unite !m 9 ! mann] describ$1 appropriat+ all ! good honey ( ^? :i* he breaks up1 & sav+ all _! empty comb = ! new colonies ( ! next season4 ,! bees 9 ! d\bl$ /ock w w9t] mo/ admirably2 w consume b little honey1 9 proportion to _! numb]s1 & w be 9 mo/ excell5t condition :5 ! ,spr+ op5s4 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be =gott51 t al?\gh !y eat comp>atively little 9 ! ,w9t]1 !y mu/ be well suppli$ 9 ! ,spr+2 z !y w !n h a v l>ge numb] ( m\?s to fe$1 to say no?+ ( ! ?\s&s ( "y bees br$ 9 ! hive4 ,if any old-fa%ion$ bee-keep] wi%es1 he c ?us pursue ! old plan1 ) only ?is modification2 t he pres]ves ! lives ( ! bees 9 ! hives :i* he wi%es to take up2 secures 8 honey )\t any fumes ( sulphur1 & saves ! empty comb to make x wor? ne>ly t5 times z mu* to himself1 z x w\ld be1 if melt$ into wax4 ,let no humane bee-keep] ev] feel t !re is ! slighte/ necessity = s manag+ 8 bees z to make ! comp>ison ( ,%akespe>e always apposite3 ,:5 l ! ,bee1 toll+ f e fl[] ,! virtu\s sweets2 ,our ?ighs pack$ ) wax1 our m\?s1 ) honey1 ,we br+ x to ! hive2 & l ! bees1 ,are murd]$ = our pa9s4 ,:ile ,i am an advocate = break+ up all /ocks :i* _c be w9t]$ advantage\sly1 ,i nev] advise t a s+le bee %\ld be kill$4 ,self int]e/ & ,*ri/ianity alike =bid ! unnecess>y sacrifice4 ,,transf]r+ ,,bees ,,f ,,! ,,common ,,hive ,,to ,,! ,,movable ,,comb ,,hive4 ,! con/ruction ( my hive is su*1 z to p]mit me to transf] bees f ! common hives1 dur+ all ! season t ! wea!r is w>m en\gh to p]mit !m to fly2 & yet to be able to gu>antee t !y w receive no s]i\s damage by ! *ange4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,novemb]1 #aheb1 9 ! latitude ( ,nor!rn ,massa*usetts1 ,i transf]r$ a colony :i* w9t]$ 9 good heal?1 & :i* n[1 ,may1 #ahec1 promises to make an excell5t /ock4 ,! day 0 w>m1 b aft] ! op]ation 0 complet$1 ! wea!r sudd5ly became cold1 & z ! bees 7 n able to leave ! hive 9 ord] to obta9 ! wat] necess>y = repair+ _! comb1 !y 7 suppli$ ) t indisp5sable article4 ,!y w5t to "w v busily1 & 9 a %ort "t m5d$ up _! combs & atta*$ !m firmly to ! frames4 ,! transf] may be made ( any heal?y colony1 & if !y are /rong 9 numb]s1 & ! hive is well provision$1 & ! wea!r is n too cool :5 ! op]ation is attempt$1 !y w sc>cely feel ! *ange4 ,if ! wea!r %\ld be too *illy1 x w be f\nd almo/ impossible to make a colony leave its old hive1 & if ! combs are cut out1 & ! bees remov$ ^u !m1 l>ge numb]s ( !m w take w+1 & becom+ *ill$1 w be unable to jo9 _! companions1 & s w p]i%4 ,! process ( transf]r+ bees to my hives1 is p]=m$ z foll[s4 ,let ! old hive be %ut up & well drumm$#be & ! bees1 if possible1 be driv5 into an upp] box4 ,if !y w n leave ! hive ( _! own accord1 !y w fill !mselves1 & :5 x is asc]ta9$ t !y are det]m9$1 if !y c help x1 n to be t5ants at w1 ! upp] box mu/ be remov$1 & ! bees g5tly spr9kl$1 s t !y may all be sure to h no?+ done to !m on an empty /oma*4 ,if possible1 an end ( ! old box p>allel ) ! combs1 mu/ be pri$ (f1 s t !y may be easily cut out4 ,an old hive or box %\ld /& ^u a %eet1 9 place ( ! remov$ /ock1 & z fa/ z a comb is cut out1 ! bees %\ld be %ak5 f x1 ^u ! %eet2 a w+ or any?+ s(t1 w (t5 be ( s]vice 9 bru%+ (f ! bees4 ,rememb] t !y mu/ n be hurt4 ,if ! wea!r is s pleasant t _m bees f o!r hives1 are on ! w+1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 to prev5t !m f robb+4 ,z fa/ !re=e z ! bees are %ak5 f ! combs1 ^! %\ld be put into an empty hive or box1 & cov]$ ) a clo?1 or set 9 "s place :]e !y w n be di/urb$4 ,z soon z all ! combs h be5 remov$1 ! ,api>ian %\ld proce$ to select & arrange !m = 8 new hive4 ,if ! transf] is made late 9 ! season1 c>e mu/ be tak51 ( c\rse1 to give ! bees combs conta9+ a g5]\s all[ance ( honey = _! w9t] supplies2 toge!r ) su* combs z h brood1 or are be/ fitt$ = ! re>+ ( work]s4 ,all co>se combs except su* z conta9 ! honey :i* !y ne$1 %\ld be reject$4 ,lay a frame ^u a piece ( comb1 & m>k x s z to be able to cut x a trifle l>g]1 s t x w j cr[d into ! frame1 to rema9 9 its place until ! bees h "t to atta* x4 ,if ! size ( ! combs is su*1 t "s ( !m _c be cut s z to fit1 !n cut !m to ! be/ advantage1 & aft] putt+ !m into ! frames1 w9d "s ?read ar\nd ! upp] & l[] slats ( ! frame1 s z to hold ! combs 9 _! place1 until ! bees c fa/5 !m4 ,if h[ev]1 any ( ! combs :i* d n fit1 h no honey 9 !m1 !y may be fa/5$ v easily1 by dipp+ _! upp] edges into melt$ ros94 ,:5 ! requisite numb] ( combs are put into ! frames1 !y %\ld be plac$ 9 ! new hive1 & slightly fa/5$ on ! rabbets ) a m]e t\* ( pa/e1 s z to hold !m firmly 9 _! places2 ?is w be ! m necess>y if ! transf] is made s late 9 ! season t ! bees _c obta9 ! propolis necess>y to fa/5 !m1 !mselves4 ,z soon z ! hive is ?us prep>$1 let ! tempor>y box into :i* ! bees h be5 driv51 be remov$1 & _! new home put 9 its place4 ,%ake out n[ ! bees f ! box1 ^u a %eet 9 front ( ?is hive1 & ! "w is done2 bees1 brood1 honey1 bee-bread1 empty combs & all1 h be5 nicely mov$1 & )\t any m s]i\s loss ?an is (t5 incurr$ by any o!r mov+ family1 :i* has to m\rn ov] "s brok5 crock]y1 or o!r damage done 9 ! necess>y "w ( e/abli%+ !mselves 9 a new home6 ,if ?is op]ation is p]=m$ at a season ( ! ye> :5 !re is mu* brood 9 ! hive1 & :5 ! wea!r is cool1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to expose ! brood1 s t x may become fatally *ill$4 ,! be/ "t = p]=m+ x1 is late 9 ! ,fall1 :5 !re is b little brood 9 ! hive2 or ab\t t5 days aft] ! volunt>y or =c$ dep>ture ( a fir/ sw>m f ! old /ock4 ,by ?is "t1 ! brood left by ! old que51 w all be seal$ ov]1 & old en\gh to be> exposure1 especially z ! wea!r1 at sw>m+ "t1 is usually q w>m4 ,a temp]ature1 n l[] ?an #gj1 w d !m no h>m1 = if expos$ to su* a temp]ature1 !y w hat*1 ev5 if tak5 f ! bees4 ,i h spok5 ( ! be/ "t = p]=m+ ?is op]ation4 ,x may be done at any season ( ! ye>1 :5 ! bees c fly )\t any dang] ( be+ *ill$1 & ,i %\ld n be afraid to attempt x1 9 mid-w9t]1 if ! wea!r 0 z w>m z x sometimes is4 ,let me "h e>ne/ly caution all :o keep bees1 aga9/ m$dl+ ) !m :5 ! wea!r is cool4 ,irrep>able mis*ief is (t5 done to !m at su* times2 !y are tempt$ to fly1 & ?us p]i% f ! cold1 & frequ5tly !y become s mu* excit$1 t !y _c reta9 _! fces1 b void !m among ! combs4 ,if no?+ worse ensues1 !y are di/urb$ :5 !y ought to be 9 almo/ dea?-l repose1 & are ?us tempt$ to eat a mu* l>g] quantity ( food ?an !y w\ld o!rwise h ne$$4 ,let ! ,api>ian rememb] t n a s+le unnecess>y motion %\ld be requir$ ( a s+le bee3 = all ?is1 to say no?+ else1 involves a fooli% wa/e ( food4 7,see p4 #aaf47 ,9 all op]ations involv+ ! transf]r+ ( bees1 x is exce$+ly desirable t ! new hives to :i* !y are transf]r$ %\ld be put1 z ne> z possible1 :]e ! old ones /ood4 ,if o!r colonies are 9 close proximity1 ! bees may be tempt$ to ent] ! wrong hives1 if _! position is *ang$ only a little2 !y are almo/ sure to d ?is if ! o!rs resemble m closely ?an ! new "o1 _! =m] habitation4 ,if w be (t5 advisable1 to transport to ! di/ance ( "o or two miles1 ! /ocks :i* are to be transf]r$2 s t ! op]ation may be p]=m$ to ! be/ advantage4 ,9 a few weeks !y may be br\ght back to ! ,api>y4 ,9 hiv+ sw>ms1 & transf]r+ /ocks1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to prev5t ! bees f gett+ mix$ ) ^? ( o!r colonies4 ,if ?is precaution is neglect$ _m bees w be lo/ by jo9+ o!r /ocks1 :]e !y may be k9dly welcom$1 or may at once be put to dea?4 ,x is exce$+ly difficult1 to tell be=e h&1 :at k9d ( a reception /range bees w meet )1 f a colony :i* !y attempt to jo94 ,9 ! work+ season !y are mu* m likely to be well receiv$1 ?an at any o!r "t1 especially if !y come load$ ) honey3 /ill new sw>ms full ( honey1 t attempt to ent] o!r hives1 are (t5 kill$ at once4 ,if a colony :i* has an unimpregnat$ que5 seeks to unite ) ano!r :i* has a f]tile "o1 !n almo/ z a matt] ( c\rse !y are de/roy$6 ,if by mov+ _! hive1 or 9 any o!r way1 bees are made to ent] a hive conta9+ an unimpregnat$ que51 !y w (t5 de/roy h]1 if !y came f a family :i* 0 9 possession ( a f]tile "o6 ,if any ?+ ( ?is k9d is ev] attempt$1 ! que5 ought fir/ to be conf9$ 9 a que5 cage4 ,if :ile attempt+ a transf] ( ! bees to a new hive1 ,i am appreh5sive ( robb]s attack+ ! combs1 or am press$ = want ( "t1 ,i put only su* combs z conta9 brood into ! frames1 & set ! o!rs 9 a safe place4 ,! bees are n[ at once all[$ to ent] _! new hive1 & ! o!r combs are giv5 to !m at a m conv5i5t "t4 ,! :ole process ( transf]al ne$ n occupy m ?an an h\r1 & 9 "s cases x c be done 9 fifte5 m9utes4 ,if ! wea!r is hot1 ! combs mu/ n be expos$ at all to ! heat ( ! sun4 ,until ,i _h te/$ ! feasibility ( transf]r+ bees f ! old hives1 by means ( my frames1 ,i felt /rongly oppos$ to any attempt to dislodge !m f _! previ\s habitation4 ,if !y are transf]r$ 9 ! usual way1 x mu/ be done :5 ! combs are fill$ ) brood2 = if delay$ until late 9 ! season1 !y w h no "t to lay 9 a /ore ( provision aga9/ ! ,w9t]4 ,:o c look )\t disgu/1 ^u ! wanton de/ruction ( ?\s&s ( _! "y1 & ! silly wa/e ( comb1 :i* c be replac$ only by ! consumption ( l>ge quantities ( honey8 ,9 ! great majority ( su* cases1 ! transf]1 unless made ab\t ! sw>m+ season1 & previ\s to ! issue ( ! fir/ sw>m1 w be an entire failure1 & if made be=e1 at be/ only "o colony is obta9$1 in/ead ( ! two1 :i* are secur$ on my plan4 ,i nev] advise ! transf] ( a colony into any hive1 unless _! combs c be transf]r$ ) !m1 nor d ,i advise any except practical ,api>ians1 to attempt to transf] !m ev5 to my hives4 ,b :at if a colony is s old t its combs c only bre$ dw>fs8 ,:5 ,i f9d su* a colony1 ,i %all ?9k x wor? :ile to give specific directions z to h[ x %\ld be manag$4 ,! tru? is1 t ( all ! _m mi/akes & impositions :i* h disgu/$ multitudes ) ! v s\nd ( pat5t hive1 none has be5 m fatal ?an ! notion t an old colony ( bees c\ld n be expect$ to prosp]4 ,?\s&s ( ! v be/ /ocks h be5 wantonly sacrific$ to ?is ,*im]a2 & s long z bee-keep]s in/ead ( /udy+ ! habits ( ! bee1 pref] to li/5 to ! int]e/$ /atem5ts ( ignorant1 or en?usia/ic1 or fraudul5t p]sons1 ?\s&s m w suff] ! same fate4 ,z to old /ocks1 ! prejudice aga9/ !m is j z fooli% z ! silly notions ( "s :o imag9e t a woman is gr[+ old1 long be=e %e has rea*$ h] prime4 ,_m a man ( mature ye>s :o has m>ri$ a girl or a *ild1 in/ead ( a woman1 has (t5 _h bo? "t en\gh1 & cause en\gh to lam5t 8 folly4 ,x _c be too /rongly urg$ ^u all :o keep bees1 ei!r = love or = money1 to be exce$+ly cauti\s 9 try+ any new hive1 or new sy/em ( managem5t4 ,if y are ev] s well satisfi$ t x w answ] all y\r expectations1 ent] ^u x1 at fir/1 only on a small scale2 !n1 if x fulfills all its promises1 or if y c make x d s1 y may safely adopt x3 at all ev5ts1 y w n h to m\rn ov] l>ge sums ( money sp5t = no?+1 & num]\s p[]ful colonies entirely de/roy$4 ,let well en\gh alone1 %\ld1 to a great ext5t1 be ! motto ( e prud5t bee-keep]4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a gold5 mean betwe5 t ob/9ate & /upid cons]vatism :i* tries no?+ new1 &1 ( c\rse1 le>ns no?+ new1 & t crav+ aft] m]e novelty1 & t ra% exp]im5t+ on an extravagant scale1 :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( a l>ge portion ( our ,am]ican p4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d a bett] maxim ?an t :i* is ascrib$ to ,david ,crockett2 ,be sure y're "r1 !n g ahead4 ,:at old bee-keep] has n _h abundant pro( t /ocks eight or t5 ye>s old1 or ev5 old]1 are (t5 among ! v be/1 9 8 :ole ,api>y1 always heal?y & sw>m+ ) almo/ unfail+ regul>ity6 ,i h se5 su* hives1 :i* = m ?an fifte5 ye>s1 h sc>cely fail$1 a s+le season1 to ?r[ a p[]ful sw>m4 ,i h "o n[ t5 ye>s old1 9 admirable condition1 :i* a few ye>s ago1 sw>m$ ?ree times1 & ! fir/ sw>m s5t (f a colony ! same season4 ,all ^! sw>ms 7 s e>ly t !y ga!r$ ample supplies ( honey1 & w9t]$ )\t any assi/ance6 ,i h already spok5 ( old /ocks fl\ri%+ = a long t]m ( ye>s 9 hives ( ! r\ghe/ possible con/ruction2 & ,i %all n[ 9 addition to my previ\s rem>ks assign a new reason = su* unusual prosp]ity4 ,)\t a s+le exception1 ,i h f\nd "o or bo? ( two ?+s to be true1 ( e su* hive4 ,ei!r x 0 a v l>ge hive1 or else if n ( unusual size1 x conta9$ a l>ge quantity ( work]-comb4 ,no hive :i* does n conta9 a good all[ance ( regul> comb ( a size adapt$ to ! re>+ ( work]s1 c ev] 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 prove a valuable /ock hive4 ,_m hives are s full ( drone combs t !y bre$ a cl\d ( useless consum]s1 in/ead ( ! ?\s&s ( indu/ri\s bees :i* ought to h occupi$ _! places 9 ! combs4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t :5 bees are put into a new hive1 ! honey-h>ve/ is at its height1 & ! bees f9d+ x difficult to build work] comb fa/ en\gh to hold _! ga!r+s1 are tempt$ to con/ruct long ranges ( drone comb to receive _! /ores4 ,9 ?is way1 a hive (t5 conta9s s small an all[ance ( work]-comb1 t x c nev] fl\ri%1 z ! bees refuse to pull d[n1 & build ov] any ( _! old combs4 ,all ?is c be easily rem$i$ by ! use ( ! movable comb hive4 ,,procur+ ,,bees ,,to ,,/>t ,,an ,,api>y4 ,a p]son ignorant ( bees1 mu/ dep5d 9 a v great measure1 on ! hone/y ( ^? f :om he pur*ases !m4 ,_m /ocks are n wor? accept+ z a gift3 l a horse or c[1 incurably diseas$1 !y w only prove a bill ( vexati\s exp5se4 ,if an inexp]i5c$ p]son wi%es to comm5ce bee-keep+1 ,i advise him1 by all means1 to pur*ase a new sw>m ( bees4 ,x ought to be a l>ge & e>ly "o4 ,second sw>ms & all late & small fir/ sw>ms1 ought nev] to be pur*as$ by "o :o has no exp]i5ce 9 ,api>ian pursuits4 ,!y are v apt1 9 su* h&s1 to prove a failure4 ,if all bee-keep]s 7 ( t exempl>y class ( :om ! ,c\ntry ,curate speaks1 7see p4 #cc17 x w\ld be p]fectly safe to ord] a sw>m ( any "o keep+ a /ock ( bees4 ,?is h[ev]1 is s f> f be+ true1 t "s (f] = sale1 old /ocks :i* are wor?less1 or impose on ! ignorant1 small fir/ sw>ms1 & second & ev5 ?ird sw>ms1 z prime sw>ms wor? ! v highe/ m>ket price4 ,if ! novice pur*ases an old /ock1 he w h ! p]plexities ( sw>m+1 c41 ! fir/ season1 & be=e he has obta9$ any exp]i5ce4 ,z x may1 h[ev]1 be sometimes advisable t ?is %\ld be done1 unless he makes 8 pur*ase ( a man kn[n to be hone/1 he %\ld select 8 /ock himself1 at a p]iod ( ! day :5 ! bees1 9 e>ly ,spr+1 are busily engag$ 9 ply+ _! labors4 ,he %\ld pur*ase a colony :i* is v actively engag$ 9 c>ry+ 9 bee-bread1 & :i*1 f ! l>ge numb] go+ 9 & out1 und\bt$ly conta9s a vigor\s population4 ,! hive %\ld be remov$ at an h\r :5 ! bees are all at home4 ,x may be g5tly inv]t$1 & a co>se t[el plac$ ov] x1 & !n tack$ fa/1 :5 ! bees are %ut 94 ,h a /eady horse1 & be=e y />t1 be v sure t x is impossible = any bees to get out4 ,place ! hive on "s /raw1 9 a wagon t has easy spr+s1 & ! bees w h pl5ty ( air1 & ! combs1 f ! inv]t$ position ( ! hive1 w n be s liable to be j>r$ loose4 ,nev] pur*ase a hive :i* conta9s mu* comb j built2 = x w be next to impossible to move x1 9 w>m wea!r1 )\t loos5+ ! new combs4 ,if a new sw>m is pur*as$1 x may be br\ght home z foll[s4 ,furni% ! p]son on ^: premises x is to be hiv$1 ) a box hold+ at ! v lea/1 a cubic foot ( cle> cont5ts4 ,let ! bottom-bo>d ( ?is tempor>y hive be clamp$ on bo? ends1 ! clamps be+ ab\t two in*es wid] ?an ! ?ickness ( ! bo>d1 s t :5 ! hive is set on ! bottom-bo>d1 x w slip 9 betwe5 ! upp] projections ( ! clamps1 & be kept an in* f ! gr\nd1 by ! l[] ones1 s t air may pass "u x4 ,!re %\ld be a hole 9 ! bottom-bo>d1 ab\t f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 & two ( ! same size 9 ! opposite sides ( ! box1 cov]$ ) wire gauze1 s t ! bees may h an abundance ( air1 :5 !y are %ut up4 ,?ree p>allel /rips1 an in* & a half wide1 %\ld be nail$1 ab\t "o ?ird ( ! way f ! top ( ! tempor>y hive1 at equal di/ances ap>t1 s t ! bees may h e opportunity to clu/]2 a few pieces ( old comb1 fa/5$ /rongly 9 ! top ) melt$ ros91 w make ! bees l x all ! bett]4 ,a h&le made ( a /rip ( lea!r1 %\ld be nail$ on ! top4 ,let ! bees be hiv$ 9 ?is box1 & kept well %ad$2 at ev5+1 or v e>ly next morn+1 ! tempor>y hive :i* 0 propp$ up1 :5 ! bees 7 put into x1 may be %ut close to its bottom-bo>d1 & a few screws put into ! upp] projection ( ! clamps1 s z to run ?r\gh into ! ends ( ! box4 ,9 su* a box1 bees may be safely transport$1 almo/ any reasonable di/ance3 c>e be+ tak5 n to h&le !m r\ghly1 & nev] to keep !m 9 ! sun1 or 9 any place :]e !y h n suffici5t air4 ,if ! box is too small1 or suffici5t v5tilators are n put 91 or if ! bees are expos$ to too mu* heat1 !y w be sure to suffocate4 ,if ! sw>m is unusually l>ge1 & ! wea!r excessively w>m1 !y ought to be mov$ at night4 ,unless great c>e is tak5 9 mov+ bees1 9 v hot wea!r1 !y w be almo/ sure to p]i%2 !re=e always be c]ta9 t !y h an abundance ( air4 ,if !y appe> to be suff]+ = want ( x1 especially if !y beg9 to fall d[n f ! clu/]1 & to lie 9 heaps on ! bottom-bo>d1 !y %\ld imm$iately be c>ri$ into a field or any conv5i5t place1 & at once be all[$ to fly3 9 su* a case !y _c be safely mov$ aga91 until t[>ds night4 ,?is w nev] be necess>y if ! box is l>ge en\gh1 & suitably v5tilat$4 ,i h frequ5tly made a box = transport+ new sw>ms1 out ( an old tea-*e/4 ,:5 a new sw>m is br\ght 9 ?is way to its int5d$ home1 ! bottom-bo>d may be unscrew$1 & ! bees transf]r$ at once1 to ! new hive2 7,see p4 #afh47 ,9 "s cases1 x may be advisable to s5d away ! new hive4 ,9 ?is case1 if "o ( my hives is us$1 ! sp>e honey-bo>d %\ld be screw$ d[n1 & all ! holes c>efully /opp$1 except two or ?ree :i* ought to h "s v5tilators tack$ ov] !m3 ! frames %\ld be fa/5$ ) a little pa/e1 s t !y w n />t f _! place1 & aft] ! bees are hiv$1 ! blocks :i* close ! entrance %\ld be screw$ d[n to _! place1 keep+ !m h[ev]1 a trifle less ?an an eigh? ( an in* f ! entrance1 s z to give ! bees all ! air :i* !y ne$4 ,i v mu* pref] s5d+ a box = ! bees3 "o p]son c easily c>ry two su* boxes1 ea* ) a sw>m ( bees2 & if he *ooses to fa/5 !m to two poles1 or to a v l>ge hoop1 he may c>ry f\r1 or ev5 m4 ,if ! ,api>ian wi%es1 to be sure ! fir/ season1 ( gett+ "s honey f 8 bees1 he w d well to procure two good sw>ms1 & put !m bo? into "o hive4 7,see p4 #bac47 ,to ^? :o d n object to ! extra exp5se1 ,i /rongly recomm5d ?is c\rse4 ,n unfrequ5tly1 !y w 9 a good season1 obta9 9 sp>e honey f _! d\bl$ sw>m1 an ample equival5t = its increas$ co/3 at all ev5ts1 su* a p[]ful sw>m lays ! f\ndations ( a fl\ri%+ /ock1 :i* seldom fails to answ] all ! reasonable expectations ( its own]4 ,if ! ,api>y is comm5c$ ) sw>ms ( ! curr5t season1 & !y h an abundance ( sp>e room 9 ! upp] boxes1 !re w be no sw>m+1 t season1 & ! beg9n] w h ample "t to make himself famili> ) 8 bees1 be=e be+ call$ to hive new sw>ms1 or to multiply colonies by artificial means4 ,let no inexp]i5c$ p]son comm5ce bee-keep+ on a l>ge scale2 v few :o d s1 f9d x to _! advantage1 & ! mo/ ( !m n only meet ) heavy losses1 b ab&on ! pursuit 9 disgu/4 ,by ! use ( my hives1 ! bee-keep] c easily multiply v rapidly1 ! numb] ( 8 colonies1 z soon z he f9ds1 n m]ely t money c be made by keep+ bees1 b t he c make x4 ,:ile ,i am c]ta9 t m money c be made by a c>eful & exp]i5c$ bee-keep] 9 a good situation1 f a giv5 sum inve/$ 9 an ,api>y1 ?an f ! same money inve/$ 9 any o!r bran* ( rural economy1 ,i am equally c]ta9 t !re is none 9 :i* a c>eless or inexp]i5c$ p]son w\ld be m sure to f9d 8 outlay result 9 an almo/ entire loss4 ,an ,api>y neglect$ or mismanag$1 is f> worse ?an a f>m ov]gr[n ) we$s1 or exhau/$ by ignorant tillage3 = ! l& is /ill !re1 & may1 by prud5t managem5t1 soon be made aga9 to blossom l ! rose2 b ! bees1 :5 once de/roy$1 c nev] be br\ght back to life1 unless ! poetic fables ( ! ,mantuan ,b>d1 c be accept$ z ! legitimate results ( actual exp]i5ce1 & sw>ms ( bees1 in/ead ( cl\ds ( fil?y flies1 c once m be obta9$ f ! c>cases ( decay+ animals6 ,i h se5 an old m$ical "w 9 :i* ,virgil's me?od ( obta9+ colonies ( bees f ! putrid body ( a c[ sla9 = ?is special purpose1 is n only cr$it$1 b m9utely describ$4 ,a l>ge book w\ld h>dly suffice to set =? all ! sup]/itions connect$ ) bees4 ,i w ref] to "o :i* is v common & :i* has (t5 made a deep impression ^u _m m9ds4 ,:5 any memb] ( a family dies1 ! bees are believ$ to be aw>e ( :at has happ5$1 & ! hives are by "s dress$ 9 m\rn+1 to pacify _! sorr[+ occupants6 ,"s p]sons imag9e t if ?is is n done1 ! bees w nev] aft]w>ds prosp]1 :ile o!rs ass]t1 t ! bees (t5 take _! loss s mu* to he>t1 z to alight ^u ! c(f9 :5ev] x is expos$6 ,an intellig5t cl]gyman on read+ ! %eets ( ?is "w1 /at$ to me t he _h always refus$ to cr$it ?is latt] fact1 until pres5t at a fun]al :]e ! bees ga!r$ 9 su* l>ge numb]s ^u ! c(f91 z soon z x 0 br\ght out f ! h\se1 z to excite consid]able al>m4 ,"s ye>s aft] ?is occurr5ce1 be+ engag$ 9 v>ni%+ a table1 & f9d+ t ! bees came & lit ^u x1 he 0 conv9c$ t ! love ( v>ni%1 7see p4 #he17 in/ead ( sorr[ or respect = ! dead1 0 ! occasion ( _! ga!r+ r\nd ! c(f96 ,h[ _m sup]/itions 9 :i* (t5 intellig5t p]sons mo/ firmly confide1 might if all ! facts 7 kn[n1 be z easily expla9$4 ,be=e clos+ ?is ,*apt]1 ,i mu/ aga9 /rongly caution all inexp]i5c$ bee-keep]s1 aga9/ attempt+ to transf] colonies f an old hive4 ,i am det]m9$ t if any f9d t !y h made a wanton sacrifice ( _! bees1 !y %all n impute _! loss to my directions4 ,if !y p]si/ 9 mak+ ! attempt1 let !m1 by all means1 ei!r d x at break ( day1 be=e ! bees ( o!r hives w be induc$ to comm5ce robb+2 or bett] /ill1 let !m d x n only e>ly 9 ! morn+1 b let !m c>ry ! hive on :i* !y int5d to op]ate1 to a v consid]able di/ance f ! vic9ity ( ! o!r hives1 & entirely out ( sight ( ! ,api>y4 ,i pref] myself ?is la/ plan1 z ,i !n run no risk ( attract+ o!r bees to /eal ! honey1 & acquire mis*iev\s habits4 ,! bee-keep] is v (t5 rem9d$ by ! actions ( 8 bees ( "s ( ! wor/ traits 9 poor human nature4 ,:5 a man beg9s to s9k "u mis=tunes1 h[ _m are ready n simply to ab&on him1 b to p\nce ^u him l gre$y h>pies1 dragg+1 if !y c1 ! v b$ f "u 8 wife & helpless *ildr51 & appropriat+ all :i* by any k9d ( maneuv]+1 !y c possibly transf] to _! already ov]gr[n c(f]s6 ,) mu* ! same _s1 m p>donable to be sure 9 an insect1 ! bees f o!r hives1 w ga!r r\nd ! "o :i* is be+ brok5 up1 & :ile ! disconsolate own]s are lam5t+ ov] _! ru9$ prospects1 w1 ) all imag9able rapacity & glee1 be> (f e drop :i* !y c possibly seize4 ,,footnotes3 #be ,in/ead ( us+ /icks1 ,i mu* pref] to make ! drumm+ ) ! op5 palms ( my h&s4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,robb+4 ,bees are exce$+ly prone to rob ea* o!r1 & unless suitable precautions are us$ to prev5t x1 ! ,api>ian w (t5 h cause to m\rn ov] ! ru9 ( "s ( 8 mo/ promis+ /ocks4 ,! mom5t a dep>ture is made f ! old-fa%ion$ mode ( manag+ bees1 ! liability to su* mis=tunes is increas$1 unless all op]ations are p]=m$ by c>eful & well in=m$ p]sons4 ,be=e describ+ ! precautions :i* ,i successfully employ1 to gu>d my colonies f robb+ ea* o!r1 or f be+ robb$ by bees f a /range ,api>y1 ,i %all fir/ expla9 "u :at circum/ances !y are ord9>ily dispos$ to plund] ea* o!r4 ,idl5ess is ) bees1 z well z ) m51 a mo/ fruitful "m ( mis*ief4 ,h5ce1 x is almo/ always :5 !y are do+ no?+ 9 ! fields1 t !y are tempt$ to increase _! /ores by di%one/ c\rses4 ,bees are1 h[ev]1 mu* m excusable ?an ! lazy rogues ( ! human family2 = ! bees are idle1 n because !y are indispos$ to "w1 b because !y c f9d no?+ to d4 ,unless !re is "s gross mismanagem5t1 on ! "p ( _! own]1 !y seldom attempt to live ^u /ol5 sweets1 :5 !y h ample opportunity to reap ! abundant h>ve/s ( hone/ indu/ry4 ,9 ?is *apt]1 ,i %all be oblig$1 h[ev] mu* aga9/ my w1 to ackn[l$ge t "s bran*es ( morals 9 my little fri5ds1 ne$ v close wat*+1 & t !y too (t5 make ! l[e/ sort ( di/9ction1 betwe5 m9e & ?9e4 ,/ill ,i feel b\nd to %[ t :5 ?us ov]come by temptation1 x is almo/ always1 "u circum/ances 9 :i* _! c>eless own] is by f> ! mo/ to blame4 ,9 ! ,spr+1 z soon z ! bees are able to fly abroad1 innatus urget amor hab5di1 z ,virgil has express$ x2 t is1 !y beg9 to feel ! =ce ( an innate love ( honey-gett+4 ,!y c f9d no?+ 9 ! fields1 & !y beg9 at once1 to see if !y _c appropriate ! spoils ( "s weak] hive4 ,!y are (t5 impell$ to ?is1 by ! pressure ( imm$iate want1 or ! salut>y dread ( approa*+ fam9e3 b tru? obliges me to confess t n unfrequ5tly "s ( ! /ronge/ /ocks1 :i* h m ?an !y w\ld be able to consume1 ev5 if !y ga!r$ no?+ m = a :ole ye>1 are ! mo/ anxi\s to prey ^u ! meag] possessions ( "s feeble colony4 ,j l "s ri* m5 :o h m money ?an !y c ev] use1 urg$ on by ! insatiable love ( ga91 oppress ! hirel+ 9 8 wages1 ! wid[ & ! fa!rless1 & sp9 on all sides1 _! crafty webs to entrap _! poor] neighbors1 :o seldom escape f _! toils1 until e doll> has be5 extract$ f !m1 & z f> z _! worldly goods are conc]n$1 !y resemble ! sk9s & skeletons :i* l9e ! ne/ ( "s voraci\s old spid]4 ,:5 ,i h se5 "s p[]ful hive ( ! k9d j describ$1 condemn$ by its own]1 9 ! ,fall1 to ! sulphur pit1 or depriv$ unexpect$ly ( its que51 its /ores plund]$1 & its combs eat5 up by ! worms1 ,i h (t5 ?\ght ( ! ?reat5+s :i* ,god has d5\nc$ aga9/ ^? :o make di%one/ ga9s _! hope1 & say unto ! f9e gold1 ,?\ art my confid5ce4 ,9 ord] to prev5t colonies f attempt+ to rob1 ,i always exam9e !m 9 ! ,spr+1 to asc]ta9 t !y h honey & are 9 possession ( a f]tile que54 ,if !y ne$ food !y are suppli$ ) x1 7see ,*apt] on ,fe$+17 & if !y are feeble or que5less1 !y are manag$ accord+ to ! directions previ\sly giv54 ,bees seem to h an in/9ctive p]ception ( ! weakness ( a colony1 & l ! bee-mo?1 !y are almo/ c]ta9 to attack su* /ocks1 especially :5 !y h no que54 ,h5ce ,i c almo/ always tell t a colony is que5less1 by see+ robb]s con/antly attempt+ to =ce an entrance into x4 ,x requires "s k ( ! habits ( bees1 to tell f _! motions1 :e!r !y are fly+ ab\t a /range hive ) "s evil int5t1 or :e!r !y belong to ! hive be=e :i* !y are hov]+4 ,a little exp]i5ce h[ev]1 w soon enable u to discrim9ate betwe5 ! hone/ inhabitants ( a hive1 & ! robb]s :i* s (t5 m+le !mselves among ! cr[d4 ,!re is an unmi/akable air ( rogu]y ab\t a ?iev+ bee1 :i* to ! obs]v+ ,api>ian1 proclaims ! nature ( 8 call+1 j z truly z ! appe>ance ( a pickpocket 9 a cr[d1 enables ! exp]i5c$ police (fic] to di/+ui% him f ! hone/ folks1 on :om he int5ds to ex]cise 8 skill4 ,!re is a c]ta9 sneak+ look ab\t a rogue ( a bee1 almo/ indescribable1 & yet p]fectly obvi\s4 ,x does n alight on ! hive1 & boldly ent] at once l an hone/ bee :i* is c>ry+ home its load4 ,if !y c\ld only assume su* an appe>ance ( transp>5t hone/y1 !y w\ld (t5 be all[$ by ! unsuspect+ door-keep]s to ent] unque/ion$1 to see all ! sights )91 & to help !mselves to ! v fat ( ! l&4 ,b !re is a sort ( n]v\s ha/e1 & guilty agitation 9 all _! movem5ts3 !y nev] alight boldly ^u ! entrance bo>d1 or face ! gu>ds :i* wat* ! passage to ! hive2 !y "k too well t if caught & ov]haul$ by ^! tru/y gu>dians ( ! hive1 _! lives w\ld h>dly be wor? insur+2 h5ce _! anxiety to glide 91 )\t t\*+ "o ( ! s5t9els4 ,if detect$1 z !y h no password to give1 7hav+ a /range smell17 !y are v spe$ily dealt )1 accord+ to _! j des]ts4 ,if !y c only effect a secret entrance1 ^? )9 take x = grant$ t all is "r1 & seldom subject !m to a close exam9ation4 ,sometimes bees :i* h lo/ _! way1 are mi/ak5 by ! inexp]i5c$1 = robb]s2 !re is h[ev]1 a mo/ m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 ! conduct ( ! two4 ,! arrant rogue :5 caught1 attempts ) might & ma91 to pull away f 8 execution]s1 :ile ! poor bewild]$ un=tunate %r9ks into ! smalle/ compass1 l a c[$ dog1 & submits to :atev] fate 8 captors may see fit to aw>d him4 ,! class ( di%one/ bees :i* ,i h be5 describ+1 may be t]m$ ! ,j]ry ,sneaks ( _! pr(ession1 & aft] !y h foll[$ x = "s "t1 !y lose all disposition = hone/ pursuits1 & assume a hang-dog sort ( look1 :i* is v peculi>4 ,con/antly employ$ 9 creep+ into small holes1 & daub+ !mselves ) honey1 !y (t5 lose all ! bright fea!rs & silky plumes :i* once s beautifully adorn$ _! bodies1 & assume a smoo? & almo/ black appe>ance2 j z ! hat ( ! ?ievi% loaf]1 acquires a se$y aspect1 & 8 g>m5ts1 a %9+ & ?readb>e look4 ,dzi]zon is ( op9ion t ! black bees :i* ,hub] describes1 z be+ s bitt]ly p]secut$ by ! re/1 are no?+ m ?an ^! ?iev+ bees4 ,i call !m old convicts1 dress$ 9 prison g>m5ts1 & incurably giv5 up to di%one/ pursuits4 ,bees sometimes act ! "p ( highway robb]s2 "s half doz5 or m ( !m1 w waylay & attack a poor humble-bee :i* is return+ ) a sack full ( honey to 8 ne/1 l an hone/ trad]1 jogg+ home ) a well fill$ purse4 ,!y seize ! poor bee1 & give him at once to und]/& t !y mu/ h ! e>n+s ( 8 indu/ry4 ,!y d n slay him4 ,oh no6 !y are mu* too selfi% to endang] _! own preci\s p]sons2 & ev5 if !y c\ld kill him1 )\t los+ _! weapons1 !y w\ld /ill be unable to extract 8 sweets f ! deep recesses ( 8 honey bag3 !y !re=e beg9 to bite & teaze him1 aft] ! mo/ approv$ fa%ion1 all ! "t s++ 9 8 e>s1 n y\r money1 b1 y\r honey or y\r life2 until utt]ly disc\rag$1 he deliv]s up 8 purse1 by disgorg+ 8 honey f its capaci\s receptacle4 ,! graceless creatures cry h&s (f1 & release him at once1 :ile !y lick up 8 spoils & c>ry x (f to _! home4 ,! rem>k is frequ5tly made t 7 rogues to sp5d half z mu* "t & +5uity 9 ga9+ an hone/ liv+1 z !y d1 9 seek+ to impose ^u _! fell[-m51 _! ef=ts w\ld (t5 be cr[n$ ) abundant success4 ,j s ( _m a di%one/ bee4 ,if x only knew its true int]e/s1 x w\ld be safely rov+ ! smil+ fields1 9 se>* ( honey1 in/ead ( long+ = a tempt+ & yet dang]\s ta/e ( =bidd5 sweets4 ,bees sometimes c>ry on _! depr$ations on a m magnific5t scale4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ ! weakness ( "s neighbor+ colony1 ?r\gh ! sly intrusions ( ^? :o h ent]$ ! hive to spy out all ! nak$ness ( ! l&1 !y prep>e !mselves = w>1 9 ! %ape ( a pit*$ battle4 ,! well-arm$ w>riors sally out by ?\s&s1 to attack ! feeble hive aga9/ :i* !y h s unju/ly decl>$ a remorseless w>f>e4 ,a furi\s onset is at once made1 & ! gr\nd 9 front ( ! assault$ hive is soon cov]$ ) ! dead & dy+ bodies ( innum]able victims4 ,sometimes ! baffl$ invad]s are compell$ to s\nd a retreat2 too (t5 h[ev]1 z 9 human conte/s1 "r proves b a feeble b>ri] aga9/ sup]ior might2 ! citadel is /orm$1 & ! "w ( rap9e & pillage =?) beg9s4 ,& yet aft] all1 matt]s are n ne>ly s bad1 z at fir/ !y seem to be4 ,! conqu]$ bees1 p]ceiv+ t !re is no hope = !m 9 ma9ta9+ ! unequal /ruggle1 submit !mselves to ! pleasure ( ! victors2 nay m1 !y aid !m 9 c>ry+ (f _! own /ores1 & are imm$iately incorporat$ into ! triumphant nation6 ,! poor "m h[ev]1 is left beh9d 9 h] des]t$ home1 "s few ( h] *ildr5 :i* are fai?ful to ! la/1 rema9+ ) h]1 to p]i% by h] side1 amid ! sad ru9s ( _! once happy home6 ,if ! bee-keep] is unwill+ to h 8 bees s demoraliz$1 t _! value w be s]i\sly dim9i%$1 he w be exce$+ly c>eful to d all t he possibly c to prev5t !m f robb+ ea* o!r4 ,he w see t all que5less colonies are seasonably brok5 up 9 ! ,spr+1 & all weak ones /r5g!n$1 & conf9$ to a space :i* !y c w>m & def5d4 ,if once 8 bees get a ta/e ( =bidd5 sweets1 !y w seldom /op until !y h te/$ ! /r5g? ( e /ock1 & de/roy$ all t !y possibly c4 ,ev5 if ! colonies are able to def5d !mselves1 _m bees w be lo/ 9 ^! enc\nt]s1 & a l>ge wa/e ( "t w inv>iably foll[2 = bees :e!r engag$ 9 attempt+ to rob1 or 9 battl+ aga9/ ! robb]y ( o!rs1 are1 to a v great ext5t1 cut (f bo? f ! disposition & ! ability to engage 9 useful labors4 ,!y are l nations t are impov]i%$ by mutual assaults on ea* o!r3 or 9 :i* ! appreh5sion ( w>1 ex]ts a mo/ blight+ influ5ce ^u e bran* ( peaceful indu/ry4 ,i place v great reliance on ! movable blocks :i* gu>d ! entrance to my hive1 to assi/ colonies 9 def5d+ !mselves aga9/ robb+ bees1 z well z ! pr[l+ bee-mo?4 ,^! blocks are triangul> 9 %ape1 & enable ! ,api>ian to enl>ge or contract ! entrance to ! hive1 at pleasure4 ,9 ! ,spr+1 ! entrance is kept op5 only ab\t two in*es1 & if ! colony is feeble1 n m ?an half an in*4 ,if !re is any sign ( robb]s be+ ab\t1 ! small colonies h _! entrances clos$1 s t only a s+le bee c g 9 & out at once4 ,z ! bottom-bo>d slants =w>ds1 ! entrance is on an incl9$ plane1 & ! bees :i* def5d x1 h a v great advantage ov] ^? :i* attack !m2 ! same 9 %ort1 t ! inhabitants ( a besieg$ =tress w\ld h 9 def5d+ a pass-way simil>ly con/ruct$4 ,z only "o bee c ent] at a "t1 he is sure to be ov]haul$1 if he attempts ev] s slyly to slip 93 8 cr$5tials are r\ghly dem&$1 & z he c produce none1 he is at once deliv]$ ov] to ! execution]s4 ,if an attempt is made to ga9 admission by =ce1 !n z soon z a bee gets 91 he f9ds hundr$s1 if n ?\s&s1 /&+ 9 battle array1 & he meets ) a reception altoge!r too w>m = 8 com=t4 ,i h sometimes /opp$ robb+1 ev5 aft] x _h proce$$ s f> t ! assault$ bees _h ceas$ to (f] any successful resi/ance1 by putt+ my blocks be=e ! entrance1 & p]mitt+ only a s+le bee to ent] at once3 ! dispirit$ colony h at once recov]$ he>t1 & h battl$ s /\tly & successfully1 z to beat (f _! assailants4 ,:5 bees are engag$ 9 robb+ a hive1 !y w (t5 cont9ue _! depr$ations to z late an h\r z possible1 & n unfrequ5tly "s ( !m return home s late ) _! ill-gott5 spoils1 t !y _c f9d ! entrance to _! own hive4 ,l ! wick$ man :o devise? mis*ief on 8 b$1 & sette? himself 9 a way t is n good1 !y are all night long1 m$itat+ new viol5ce1 & ) ! v fir/ peep ( light1 !y sally out to complete _! unlawful do+s4 ,sometimes ! ,api>ian may be 9 d\bt :e!r a colony is be+ robb$ or n1 & may mi/ake ! busy numb]s t arrive & dep>t1 = ! hone/ labor]s ( ! hive2 b let him look into ! matt] a little m closely1 & he w soon asc]ta9 ! true /ate ( ! case3 ! bees t ent]1 in/ead ( be+ heavily lad51 ) bodies hang+ d[n1 unwieldy 9 _! flight1 & sl[ 9 all _! movem5ts1 are almo/ z hungry look+ z ,ph>aoh's lean k9e1 :ile ^? t come out1 %[ by _! burly looks1 t l ald]m5 :o h d9$ at ! exp5se ( ! ,city1 !y are fill$ to _! utmo/ capacity4 ,if ! ,api>ian wi%es to gu>d 8 bees aga9/ ! fatal prop5sity to plund] ea* o!r1 he mu/ be exce$+ly c>eful n to h any combs fill$ ) honey unnecess>ily expos$4 ,an ignorant or c>eless p]son attempt+ to multiply colonies on my plan1 w be almo/ sure to tempt 8 bees to rob ea* o!r4 ,if he leaves any ( ! combs :i* he removes1 s t /range bees f9d !m1 !y w1 aft] once gett+ a ta/e ( ! honey1 fly to any hive ^u :i* he beg9s to op]ate1 & attempt to appropriate a "p ( its cont5ts4 7,see p4 #cjd47 ,i h already /at$ t :5 !y c f9d an abundance ( food 9 ! fields1 bees are seldom incl9$ to rob2 = ?is reason1 ) prop] precautions1 x is n difficult to p]=m all ! op]ations :i* are necess>y on my plan ( managem5t1 at ! prop] season1 )\t any dang] ( demoraliz+ ! bees4 ,if h[ev]1 !y are attempt$ :5 honey _c be obta9$1 !y %\ld be p]=m$ ) extreme caution1 & e>ly 9 ! morn+1 or late 9 ! ev5+2 or if possible1 on a day :5 ! bees are n fly+ out f _! hives4 ,i h sometimes se5 ! mo/ p[]ful colonies 9 an ,api>y1 ei!r robb$ & de/roy$1 or v greatly r$uc$ 9 numb]s1 by ! gross c>elessness or ignorance ( _! own]4 ,he neglects to exam9e 8 hives at ! prop] season1 & ! bees beg9 to rob a weak or que5less /ock3 z soon z !y are at ! v height ( _! nef>i\s op]ations1 he attempts to int]f]e ) _! proce$+s1 ei!r by %utt+ up ! hive1 or by mov+ x to a new place4 ,! air is n[ fill$ ) gre$y & disappo9t$ bees1 & r ?an fail 9 obta9+ ! expect$ treasures1 !y assail ) almo/ frantic desp]ation1 "s ( ! neighbor+ /ocks3 9 ?is way1 ! mo/ p[]ful colonies are sometimes utt]ly ru9$1 or if !y escape1 ?\s&s ( bees are sla9 9 def5d+ _! treasures1 & ?\s&s m ( ! assailants meet ) ! same untimely end4 ,if ! ,api>ian p]ceives t "o ( 8 colonies is be+ robb$1 he %\ld at once contract ! entrance1 s t only a s+le bee c get 9 at a "t2 & if ! robb]s /ill p]si/ 9 ent]+1 he mu/ close x entirely4 ,9 a few m9utes ! outside ( ! hive w be black ) ! gre$y cormorants1 & !y w n ab&on x1 until !y h explor$ e crevice1 & attempt$ to =ce !mselves ?r\gh ev5 ! smalle/ op5+s4 ,be=e !y assail a neighbor+ colony1 !y %\ld be spr9kl$ ) cold wat]1 & !n in/ead ( feel+ c\rage = new crimes1 !y w be glad to escape1 ?or\ghly dr5*$1 to _! prop] homes4 ,unless ! bees t are %ut up c1 z 9 my hives1 h an abundance ( air1 x w be necess>y to c>ry !m at once into a d>k & cool place4 ,e>ly next morn+ ! condition ( ! hive %\ld be exam9$1 & ! prop] rem$ies if x is weak or que5less %\ld be appli$2 or if its condition is pa/ rem$y1 x %\ld at once be brok5 up1 & ! bees unit$ to ano!r /ock4 ,i h be5 cr$ibly in=m$ ( an exce$+ly curi\s k9d ( robb+ among bees4 ,two colonies1 bo? 9 good condition1 seem$ det]m9$ to appropriate ea* o!r's labors3 nei!r made any resi/ance to ! entrance ( ! plund]+ bees2 b ea* seem$ too busily int5t ^u its own di%one/ ga9s1 to notice#bf t ! "w ( subtraction kept pace ) t ( addition4 ,an intellig5t ,api>ian /at$ to me ?is s+ul> fact z occurr+ 9 8 own ,api>y4 ,?is is a v ne> approximation to ! /ory ( ! ,kilk5ny cats4 ,alas6 t !re %\ld be s mu* ( equally %ort-sight$ policy among human be+s2 individuals1 communities & nations seek+ (t5 to ?rive by attempt+ to prey ^u ! labors ( o!rs1 in/ead ( do+ all t !y c1 by indu/ry & ent]prise1 to add to ! common /ock4 ,i h nev]1 9 my own exp]i5ce1 met ) an in/ance ( su* silly pilf]+ z ! "o describ$2 b ,i h occasionally kn[n bees to be c>ry+ on _! labors1 :ile o!rs 7 /eal+ m ?an ! occupants ( ! hive 7 ga!r+1 )\t _! be+ aw>e ( x4 ,,footnotes3 #bf ,! bees 9 ea* colony _h probably contract$ ! same smell1 & c\ld n di/+ui% fri5ds f foes4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,directions ,,= ,,fe$+ ,,bees4 ,few ?+s 9 ! practical dep>tm5t ( ! ,api>y1 are m important & yet m %amefully neglect$1 or grossly mismanag$1 ?an ! fe$+ ( bees4 ,9 ord] to make ?is subject z cle> z possible1 ,i %all beg9 ) ! ,spr+ exam9ation ( ! hives1 & furni% suitable directions = fe$+ dur+ ! :ole season 9 :i* x ought to be attempt$4 ,9 ! movable comb hives1 ! exact condition ( ! bees ) reg>d to /ores1 may be easily asc]ta9$ z soon z ! wea!r is w>m en\gh to lift out ! frames4 ,9 ! common hives1 ?is c sometimes be asc]ta9$ f ! glass sides2 b (t5 no reliable in=mation c be obta9$4 ,ev5 if ! weight ( ! hive is kn[n1 ?is w be no sure crit]ion ( ! quantity ( honey x conta9s4 ,! comb 9 old hives1 is (t5 v ?ick1 & ( c\rse1 unusually heavy2 :ile va/ /ores ( useless bee-bread h frequ5tly be5 accumulat$1 :i* entirely deceive ! ,api>ian1 :o attempts to judge ( ! res\rces ( a hive f its weight alone4 ,on my sy/em ( bee-culture1 su* an injuri\s surplus ( bee-bread1 is easily prev5t$2 7,see p4 #ajb47 ,if ! bee-keep] asc]ta9s or ev5 suspects1 9 ! ,spr+1 t 8 bees h n suffici5t food1 he mu/ at once supply !m ) :at !y ne$4 ,bees1 at ?is season ( ! ye>1 consume a v l>ge quantity ( honey3 !y are /imulat$ to great activity by ! return+ w>m?1 & are !re=e compell$ to eat mu* m ?an :5 !y 7 almo/ dormant among _! combs4 ,9 addition to ?is extra dem&1 !y are n[ engag$ 9 re>+ ?\s&s ( "y1 & all ^! require a lib]al supply ( food4 ,ow+ to ! inexcusable neglect ( _m bee-keep]s1 ?\s&s ( sw>ms p]i% annually aft] ! ,spr+ has op5$1 & :5 !y might h be5 sav$1 ) b little tr\ble or exp5se4 ,su* abom9able neglect is incomp>ably m cruel ?an ! old me?od ( tak+ up ! bees ) sulphur2 & ^? :o are guilty ( x1 are ei!r too ignorant or too c>eless1 to h any ?+ to d ) ! managem5t ( bees4 ,:at w\ld be ?\ght ( a f>m]'s skill 9 8 bus9ess1 :o %\ld neglect to provide = ! wants ( 8 cattle1 & all[ !m to drop d[n lifeless 9 _! /alls1 or 9 8 b>n-y>d1 :5 ! fields1 9 a few weeks1 w be clo!d aga9 ) ! gre5 mantle ( delightful ,spr+6 ,if any f>m] %\ld d ?is1 :5 food might easily be pur*as$1 & %\ld !n1 :ile engag$ 9 ! "w ( sk9n+ ! skeleton c>casses ( 8 neglect$ h]d1 pret5d t he c\ld n af=d to furni%1 = a few weeks1 ! food :i* w\ld h kept !m alive1 he w\ld n be a :it m /upid ?an ! bee-keep] attempt+ to ju/ify himself on ! score ( economy1 :ile engag$ 9 melt+ d[n ! combs ( a hive1 />v$ to dea?1 aft] ! ,spr+ has fairly op5$6 ,let su* a p]son blu% at ! pret5ce t he c\ld n af=d to fe$ 8 bees1 ! few p\nds ( sug> or honey1 :i* w\ld h sav$ _! lives1 & enabl$ !m to repay him t5fold = 8 prud5t c>e4 ,i always fe$ my bees a little1 ev5 if ,i "k t !y h en\gh & to sp>e4 ,!re seems to be an intimate connection betwe5 ! gett+ ( honey1 & ! rapid increase ( bre$+1 9 a hive2 & ! ta/e ( some?+ sweet1 h[ev] small1 to be add$ to _! ho>ds1 ex]ts a v /imulat+ effect ^u ! bees2 a few spoonsfull a day1 w be gratefully receiv$1 & w be wor? mu* m to a /ock ( bees 9 ! ,spr+1 ?an at any o!r "t4 ,by judici\s e>ly fe$+1 a :ole ,api>y may be n only enc\rag$ to bre$ mu* fa/] ?an !y o!rwise w\ld h done2 b !y w be inspir$ ) unusual vigor & ent]prise1 & w aft]w>ds increase _! /ores ) unusual rapidity4 ,great caution mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 supply+ bees at ?is "t ) food1 bo? to prev5t !m f be+ tempt$ to rob ea* o!r1 or to fill up ) honey1 ! cells :i* ought to be suppli$ ) brood4 ,only a small all[ance %\ld be giv5 to !m1 & ?is f "t to "t1 unless !y are de/itute ( supplies2 & z soon z !y beg9 to ga!r f ! fields1 ! fe$+ %\ld be discont9u$4 ,fe$+1 int5d$ m]ely to enc\rage ! bees1 & to promote e>ly bre$+1 may be done 9 ! op5 air4 ,no great] mi/ake c be made ?an to fe$ l>gely at ?is season ( ! ye>4 ,! bees take1 to be sure1 all t !y c1 & /[ x up 9 _! cells1 b :at is ! consequ5ce8 ,! honey :i* has be5 f$ to !m1 fills up _! brood combs1 & ! increase ( population is mo/ s]i\sly int]f]$ )2 s t (t5 :5 /ocks :i* h n be5 ov]-f$1 are prep>$ n only to fill all ! /ore combs 9 _! ma9 hive1 b to take spe$y possession ( ! sp>e honey boxes1 a colony imprud5tly f$1 is too small 9 numb]s1 to ga!r ev5 z mu* z ! "o :i* 0 n f$ at all6 ,! inexp]i5c$ ,api>ian has ?us (t5 made a worse use ( 8 honey ?an he w\ld h done1 if he _h actually ?r[n x away6 :ile all ! "t1 he is delud+ himself ) ! va9 expectation ( reap+ "s wond]ful pr(its1 f :at he consid]s an improv$ mode ( manag+ bees4 ,su* conduct 9 its results1 appe>s to me v mu* l ! noxi\s influ5ces "u :i* too _m ( ! *ildr5 ( ! ri* are s fatally re>$4 ,) e want gratifi$1 pamp]$ & f$ to ! v full1 h[ (t5 d we see !m disappo9t all ! fond expectations ( p>5ts & fri5ds1 _! money prov+ only a curse1 :ile n unfrequ5tly begg>$ 9 purse1 & bankrupt 9 "*1 !y prematurely s9k to an ignoble or di%onor$ grave4 ,?9k ( x1 ye :o are slav+ 9 ! s]vice ( ,mammon1 t ye may leave to y\r sons1 ! ov]gr[n weal? :i* usually proves a legacy ( )]+ curses1 :ile y neglect to tra9 !m up 9 ^? habits ( /]n morality & /eady indu/ry1 & noble self-reliance1 )\t :i* ! weal? ( ,croesus w\ld be b a despicable portion6 ,?9k ( x1 z y contra/ its results 9 ! bitt] exp]i5ce ( ?\s&s1 ) ! happi] influ5ces "u :i* s _m ( our noble/ m5 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate1 h be5 nurtur$ & develop$1 & !n pursue y\r sordid policy1 if y c4 ,!re is t )holde? f good objects1 m ?an is meet1 & x t5de? to pov]ty3 yes1 to pov]ty ( ,*ri/ian virtue & manl9ess1 & ( ^? treasures :i* we are all entreat$ by ,god himself1 to lay up 9 ! /ore-h\se ( ,heav54 ,call y\r n>r[-m9d$ness & gross defici5cies 9 ,*ri/ian lib]ality1 no?+ m ?an a natural love ( y\r *ildr51 & an e>ne/ desire to provide = y\r own h\sehold4 ,little fe> !re may be t y w ev] incur ! *>ge ( be+ worse ?an an infidel on ?is po9t2 b lay n on ?is acc\nt1 any flatt]+ unction to y\r s\ls2 look )91 & see if ! base idolatry ( gold has n m to d ) y\r :ole c\rse ( ?9k+ & act+1 ?an any love ( wife or *ildr51 relatives or fri5ds6 ,ano!r s]mon6 does "s "o exclaim8 ,w\ld !n t x might be to "s ( my read]s a s]mon inde$2 a ^w fitly spok51 l apples ( gold 9 pictures ( silv]4 ,! prud5t ,api>ian w always reg>d ! fe$+ ( bees1 except ! little1 giv5 to !m by way ( enc\ragem5t1 z an evil to be submitt$ to1 only :5 absolutely necess>y2 & w v mu* pref] to obta9 8 supplies f :at ,%akspe>e has s beautifully t]m$ ! m]ry pillage ( ! bloom+ fields1 ?an f ! m co/ly /ores ( ! neighbor+ groc]y4 ,if n engag$ 9 ! rapid increase ( /ocks1 he w seldom see a season s unfavorable z to be oblig$ to pur*ase any food = 8 bees1 unless he *ooses to buy a *eap] article1 to replace ! *oice honey ( :i* he has depriv$ !m4 ,j z soon z ! ,api>ian beg9s to multiply 8 /ocks ) v great rapidity1 he mu/ calculate ^u fe$+ great quantities ( honey to 8 bees4 ,be=e he attempts ?is on a l>ge scale1 let me once m give him a fri5dly caution1 & if possible1 p]suade him to try v rapid multiplication ) only a few ( 8 /ocks4 ,9 ?is way1 he may exp]im5t to 8 he>t's cont5t1 )\t runn+ ! risk ( s]i\sly injur+ 8 :ole ,api>y1 & he may n only ga9 ! skill & exp]i5ce :i* w enable him subsequ5tly to conduct a rapid increase1 on a l>ge scale1 b may le>n :e!r he is s situat$ t he c pr(itably devote to x ! "t & money :i* x w inevitably require4 ,be=e giv+ directions = fe$+ bees :5 a rapid increase ( colonies is aim$ at1 ,i %all fir/ %[ 9 :at mann] ! bee-keep] may fe$ 8 weak sw>ms 9 ! ,spr+4 ,if !y are 9 ! common hives1 a small quantity ( liquid honey may1 at once be p\r$ among ! combs 9 :i* ! bees are clu/]$3 ?is may be done by p\r+ x into ! holes lead+ to ! sp>e honey boxes1 b a mu* bett] way is to inv]t ! hives1 & p\r 9 ab\t a tea-cup full at once4 ,! ,api>ian c !n see j :]e to p\r x2 he ne$ n fe> t ! bees w be hurt by x2 any m ?an a *ild w be ei!r hurt or displeas$ by ! sweets :i* adh]e to its h&s & face1 z x fea/s ^u a g5]\s all[ance ( ! be/ sug> c&y6 ,:5 ! bees h tak5 up all t has be5 p\r$ ^u !m1 ! hive may be replac$1 & ! op]ation repeat$ 9 a few days3 ! (t5] x is done1 ! bett] x w suit !m4 ,if ! wea!r is suffici5tly w>m to all[ ! bees to fly )\t be+ *ill$1 ! food may be put 9 "s old combs1 or 9 a fe$]1 & set 9 a sunny place1 a rod or m f _! hives4 ,if plac$ too ne>1 ! bees may be tempt$ to rob ea* o!r4 ,) my hives1 ,i c p\r ! honey into "s empty comb1 & !n put ! frame conta9+ x1 directly into ! hive2 or ,i c set ! fe$] or honey 9 ! comb1 9 ! hive ne> ! frames :i* conta9 ! bees4 ,i h already /at$1 7see p4 #bbe17 t unless a colony c be suppli$ ) a suffici5t numb] ( bees1 x _c be aid$ by giv+ x food4 ,if ! bees are n num]\s en\gh to take *>ge ( ! eggs :i* ! que5 c lay1 or at lea/1 ( a l>ge numb] ( !m1 !y c seldom1 unless !y h a tropical season be=e !m1 increase rapidly en\gh to be ( any value4 ,if !y are num]\s en\gh to raise a great _m "y bees1 b too few to build new comb1 !y mu/ be f$ v mod]ately1 or !y w be sure to fill up _! brood comb ) honey1 in/ead ( devot+ !mselves to ! rapid increase ( _! numb]s4 ,if ! ,api>ian has pl5ty ( empty work] comb :i* he c give !m1 he ought to supply !m q sp>+ly ) honey1 ev5 :5 !y are consid]ably num]\s1 9 ord] to h !m bre$ z fa/ z possible2 n s sp>+ly h[ev]1 z to prev5t !m f /or+ up any honey 9 seal$ cells2 or !y w n be enc\rag$ to bre$ z fa/ z !y o!rwise w\ld4 ,if he has no sp>e comb1 & ! hive is popul\s en\gh to build new comb1 x mu/ be suppli$ mod]ately1 & by all means1 regul>ly ) ! means ( do+ ?is2 ! object be+ to h comb build+ & bre$+ g toge!r1 s z mutually to aid ea* o!r4 ,if ! fe$+ is n regul>1 s z to resemble ! natural supplies :5 honey is obta9$ f ! blossoms1 ! bees w n use ! food giv5 to !m1 9 build+ new comb1 b *iefly 9 fill+ up all ! cells previ\sly built4 ,if honey c be obta9$ regul>ly1 & 9 suffici5t quantities f ! blossoms1 ! small colonies or nuclei w ne$ no fe$+ until ! failure ( ! natural supplies4 ,9 all ^! op]ations1 ! ma9 object %\ld be to make e ?+ b5d to ! mo/ rapid production ( brood2 give me ! bees1 & ,i c easily %[ h[ !y may be f$1 s z to make /rong & prosp]\s /ocks2 :]eas if ! bees are want+1 e ?+ else w be 9 va93 j z a l& :]e !re are _m /\t h&s & c\rage\s he>ts1 al?\gh comp>atively b>r51 w 9 due "t1 be made to bud & blossom z ! rose1 :ile a second ,ed51 if inhabit$ by a scanty & disc\rag$ population1 mu/ spe$ily be ov]gr[n ) bri>s & ?orns4 ,if /rong /ocks are depriv$ ( a portion ( _! combs1 s t !y _c f natural s\rces1 at once beg9 to refill all vacancies1 !y too mu/ be f$4 ,i h probably said en\gh to %[ ! inexp]i5c$ t ! rapid multiplication ( colonies is n a v simple matt]1 & t !y w d well n to attempt x on a l>ge scale4 ,by ! "t ! honey h>ve/ ord9>ily closes1 all ! colonies 9 ! ,api>ies ( all except ! skillful1 ought to be bo? /rong 9 numb]s & 9 /ores2 at lea/ ! aggregate res\rces ( ! colonies %\ld be su* t :5 an equal division is made among !m1 !re w be en\gh = !m all4 ,?is may ord9>ily be effect$1 & yet ! numb] ( ! colonies be tripl$ 9 "o season2 & 9 situations :]e buck:eat is ext5sively cultivat$1 a consid]able quantity ( surplus honey may ev5 !n be frequ5tly obta9$ f ! bees4 ,e>ly 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 or bett] /ill1 by ! middle ( ,augu/1 if ! colonies are suffici5tly /rong 9 numb]s1 ,i advise t if fe$+ is necess>y to w9t] ! bees1 x %\ld be ?or\ghly att5d$ to4 ,if delay$ lat] ?an ?is1 9 ! latitude ( our ,nor!rn ,/ates1 ! bees may n h suffici5t "t to seal ov] ! honey f$ to !m1 & w be almo/ sure to suff] f dys5t]y1 dur+ ! ensu+ ,w9t]4 ,unseal$ honey1 almo/ always1 9 cool wea!r1 attracts moi/ure1 & s\rs 9 ! combs1 & if ! bees are compell$ to fe$ ^u x1 !y are v liable to become diseas$4 ,?is is ! reason :y bees :5 f$ ) liquid honey1 late 9 ! ,fall1 or dur+ ! ,w9t]1 are almo/ sure to suff] f disease4 ,a v int]e/+ fact confirm+ ^! views z to ! dang] result+ f ! use ( s\r food1 has come "u my notice ?is ,spr+4 ,a colony ( bees 7 f$ = "s "t ) suitable food1 & appe>$ to be 9 p]fect heal?1 fly+ 9 & out ) great animation4 ,_! own]1 on "o occasion1 be=e leav+ = ! day1 gave !m "s molasses :i* 0 s s\r1 t x c\ld n be us$ 9 ! family4 ,on return+1 at ev5+1 he 0 in=m$ t ! bees _h be5 dropp+ _! fil? ov] e ?+ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! hive4 ,on exam9+ !m1 next day1 !y 7 all f\nd dead on ! bottom-bo>d & among ! combs6 ,! acid food _h act$ ^u !m z a viol5t ca?>tic1 & _h br\ght on a compla9t ( :i* !y all di$ 9 less ?an #bd h\rs3 ! hive 0 f\nd to conta9 an ample all[ance ( honey & bee-bread4 ,if ! ,api>ian1 on exam9+ ! condition ( 8 /ocks1 f9ds t "s h m ?an !y ne$1 & o!rs n en\gh1 8 mo/ prud5t c\rse w be to make an equitable division ( ! honey1 among 8 diff]5t /ocks4 ,?is may seem to be a v ,agr>ian sort ( proc$ure1 & yet x w answ] p]fectly well 9 ! managem5t ( bees4 ,^? t 7 help$1 w n sp5d ! next season 9 idl5ess1 rely+ ^u ! same sort ( aid2 nor w ^? t 7 reliev$ ( _! surplus /ores1 rememb] ! deprivation1 & limit ! ext5t ( _! ga!r+s to a b>e compet5cy4 ,) m51 mo/ unque/ionably1 su* an annual division1 unless !y 7 p]fect1 w\ld d]ange ! :ole c\rse ( affairs1 & spe$ily impov]i% any community 9 :i* x might be attempt$4 ,i always pref] to take away a consid]able quantity ( honey f my /ocks1 :i* h too g5]\s a supply1 & to replace x ) empty combs suitable = ! re>+ ( work]s2 z ,i f9d t :5 bees h too mu* honey 9 ! ,fall1 !y d n ord9>ily bre$ z fa/ 9 ! ensu+ ,spr+1 z !y o!rwise w\ld4 ,a portion ( ?is honey %\ld be c>efully put away 9 ! frames1 & kept 9 a close box1 safe aga9/ all intrud]s1 & :]e x w n be expos$ to fro/2 s t if any colonies 9 ! ,spr+1 are f\nd to be 9 want ( food1 !y may easily be suppli$4 ,9 ! ,spr+ exam9ation1 if any colonies h too mu* honey1 a portion ( x ought by all means to be tak5 away4 ,su* a deprivation1 if judici\sly p]=m$1 w always /imulate !m to increas$ activity4 ,e /rong /ock1 z soon z x c ga!r en\gh honey to con/ruct comb1 ought to h "o or two combs :i* conta9 no brood remov$1 & _! places suppli$ ) empty frames1 9 ord] t !y may be induc$ to ex]t !mselves to ! utmo/4 ,an empty frame ins]t$ betwe5 full ones1 w be repl5i%$ ) comb v spe$ily1 & (t5 ! combs remov$ w be s mu* cle> ga94 ,if at any "t !re is a sudd5 supply ( honey1 & ! bees are reluctant to ent] ! boxes1 or x is n probable t ! supply w cont9ue long en\gh to enable !m to fill !m1 ! removal ( "s ( ! combs f ! ma9 hive s z to h empty ones fill$1 w (t5 be highly advantage\s4 ,if 9 ! ,fall ( ! ye>1 ! bee-keep] f9ds t "s ( 8 colonies ne$ fe$+1 & if !y are n popul\s en\gh to make good /ock hives 9 ! ensu+ ,spr+1 !n in/ead ( wa/+ "t & money on !m1 he %\ld at once1 break !m up2 7,see p4 #cbb47 ,!y w seldom pay = ! labor be/[$ on !m1 & ! bees w be mu* m s]viceable1 if add$ to o!r /ocks4 ,! ,api>ian _c be too deeply impress$ ) ! important tru?1 t 8 pr(its 9 bee-keep+ w all come f 8 /rong /ocks1 & t if he _c manage s z to h su* colonies e>ly1 he _h bett] let bee-keep+ alone4 ,if liquid honey is f$ to bees1 x %\ld always1 7see p4 #cbb17 be giv5 to !m seasonably1 s t !y may seal x ov] be=e ! approa* ( cold wea!r4 ,we/ ,india honey has = _m ye>s1 be5 us$ to v good advantage1 z a bee-fe$4 ,x %\ld nev] be us$ 9 its raw /ate1 z x is (t5 fill$ ) impurities1 & is v liable to s\r or c&y 9 ! cells1 b %\ld be mix$ ) ab\t two p>ts ( good :ite sug>1 to ?ree ( honey & "o ( wat]1 & br\ght to ! boil+ po9t2 z soon z x beg9s to boil1 x %\ld be set to cool1 & all ! impurities w rise to ! top1 & may be skimm$ (f4 ,if x is f\nd to be too ?ick1 a little m wat] may be add$ to x2 x ought h[ev]1 nev] to be made ?9n] ?an ! natural consi/5ce ( good honey4 ,su* a mixture w co/ = a small quantity1 ab\t sev5 c5ts a p\nd1 & w probably be f\nd ! *eape/ liquid food1 :i* c be giv5 to bees4 ,br[n sug> may be us$ ) ! honey1 b ! food w n be s good4 ,if "o ( my hives is us$1 ! bee-keep] may fe$ 8 bees at ! prop] season1 )\t us+ any fe$] at all1 or r he may use ! bottom-bo>d ( ! hive z a fe$]4 ,on ?is plan1 ! bees %\ld be f$ at ev5+2 s z to run no risk ( _! robb+ ea* o!r4 ,! hive :i* is to be f$1 %\ld h ! front edge ( its bottom-bo>d elevat$ on a block1 s z to slant backw>ds1 & ! honey %\ld be p\r$ into a small t9 gutt] ins]t$ at ! entrance2 "o su* w answ] = a :ole ,api>y1 & may be made by b5d+ up ! edges ( any old piece ( t94 ,z ! frames 9 my hive are kept ab\t half an in* above ! bottom-bo>d1 :i* is wat]-tight1 ! honey runs "u !m1 & is z safe z 9 a di%1 :ile ! bees /& on ! bottom ( ! frames1 & help !mselves4 ,! quantity p\r$ 91 %\ld ( c\rse1 dep5d ^u ! size & necessities ( ! colony2 no m ought to be giv5 at "o "t ?an ! bees c take up dur+ ! night1 & ! entrance to ! hive ought always to be kept v small dur+ ! process ( fe$+1 to prev5t robb] bees f gett+ 92 a good colony w easily take up a qu>t4 ,x is desirable to get ?r\gh ! fe$+ z rapidly z possible1 z ! bees are excit$ dur+ ! :ole process1 & consume m ?an !y o!rwise w\ld2 to say no?+ ( ! dem& made ^u ! "t ( ! ,api>ian1 by fe$+ 9 small quantities4 ,if ! bees _c1 9 favorable wea!r1 dispose ( at lea/ a p9t at "o "t1 ! colony mu/ be too small to make x wor? :ile to fe$ !m1 if !y are 9 hives by :i* !y c be readily unit$ to /rong] /ocks4 ,if ! bees h n a good all[ance ( comb1 x w n1 z a g5]al rule1 pay to fe$ !m4 ,?is w be obvi\s to any "o :o reflects t at lea/ #bj p\nds ( honey are requir$ to elaborate "o p\nd ( wax4 ,i "k t ?is e/imate may to "s1 appe> enorm\s2 b x is giv5 z ! result ( v accurate exp]im5ts1 in/itut$ on a l>ge scale1 to det]m9e ?is v po9t4 ,! ,c\ntry ,curate says1 ,hav+ driv5 ! population ( f\r /ocks1 on ! #e? ( ,augu/1 & unit$ !m toge!r1 ,i f$ !m ) ab\t #ej p\nds ( a mixture ( sug>1 honey1 salt & be]1 = ab\t five weeks4 ,at t "t1 ! box 0 only #af p\nds heavi] ?an :5 ! bees 7 put into x4 ,he !n makes an e/imate t at lea/ #be p\nds ( ! mixture 7 consum$ 9 mak+ ab\t half a p\nd ( wax66 ,no "o :o has ev] tri$ x1 w und]take to fe$ bees = pr(it1 :5 !y are de/itute ( bo? comb & honey4 ,if ! wea!r is cool :5 bees are f$1 x w g5]ally be necess>y to resort to top fe$+4 ,= ?is1 my hive is admirably adapt$3 a fe$] may be put ov] "o ( ! holes 9 ! honey-bo>d directly ov] ! mass ( ! bees1 into :i* ! heat ( ! hive naturally arises1 & :]e ! bees c get at _! food )\t any risk ( be+ *ill$4 ,?is is always ! be/ place = a fe$]1 z ! smell ( ! food is n s likely to attract ! notice ( robb+ bees4 ,i %all "h describe ! way 9 :i* a fe$] c at small exp5se1 be made to answ] admirably e purpose4 ,take any wood5 box :i* w hold1 say1 at lea/ "o qu>t2 make x honey-tight1 by p\r+ into ! jo9ts ! melt$ mixture1 7see p4 #ii17 & bru% ! :ole int]ior ) ! mixture1 s t ! honey may n soak into ! wood4 ,make a float ( ?9 wood1 fill$ ) qu>t] in* holes1 ) clamps nail$ on ! l[] sides to prev5t w>p+1 & to keep ! float f settl+ to ! bottom ( ! box1 s z to /ick fa/3 x %\ld h ample play1 s t x may settle1 z fa/ z ! bees consume ! honey4 ,tacks on ! clamps w always be sure to prev5t /ick+4 ,be=e y wa/e any "t 9 mak+ small holes1 = fe> ! bees w be dr[n$ 9 ! l>ge ones1 try a float made z direct$4 ,9 "o corn] ( ! box1 fa/5 ) ! melt$ mixture1 a ?9 /rip ( wood1 ab\t "o in* wide2 let x project above ! top ( ! box ab\t an in*1 & be kept ab\t half an in* f ! bottom2 ?is answ]s z a sp\t = p\r+ ! honey into ! fe$]1 & :5 n 9 use1 x %\ld be /opp$ up4 ,h = ! lid ( ! box1 a piece ( glass ) ! corn] cut (f next ! sp\t1 s z to cov] ! fe$] & keep ! bees 91 & at ! same "t all[ ! bee-keep] to see :5 !y h consum$ all _! food4 ,! fe$] is n[ complete1 ) "o important exception2 x has1 z yet no way ( admitt+ ! bees4 ,on ! outside corn]s ( "o ( ! ends1 glue or tack two /rips1 in* & a half wide1 ext5d+ d[n to ! bottom ( ! box1 & half an in* f ! top2 fa/5 ov] !m a piece ( ?9 bo>d1 7pa/e-bo>d w answ]47 ,y h n[ a %all[ passage )\t top or bottom1 outside ( y\r fe$]2 give x a top ( any k9d2 cut out j bel[ ! level ( ?is top1 a passage into ! fe$] = ! bees4 ,x is n[ complete1 & :5 prop]ly plac$ ov] any hole on ! top ( ! hive1 w admit ! bees f ! hive1 into ! %all[ passage :i* has no bottom1 & ?r\gh ?is into ! fe$]4 ,su* a fe$] w n only be *eap1 b x might almo/ be made by a *ild1 & yet x w answ] e purpose mo/ admirably4 ,if y h no wood5 box t w answ]1 a fe$] may be made ( pa/ebo>d1 & if bru%$ ) ! melt$ mixture x w be honey-tight4 ,by pack+ cotton or wool ar\nd x1 x might be us$ 9 mo/ hives1 ev5 9 ! dead ( ,w9t]4 ,bees h[ev]1 ought nev] to ne$ fe$+ 9 ,w9t]1 & if !y d1 x w always be unsafe at ?is season to fe$ !m ) liquid honey4 ,i ought "h to speak ( ! importance ( wat] to ! bees4 ,x is absolutely indisp5sable :5 !y are build+ comb1 or rais+ brood4 ,9 ! e>ly ,spr+1 !y take advantage ( ! fir/ w>m wea!r1 to br+ x to _! hives1 & !y may be se5 busily dr9k+ ar\nd pumps1 dra9s1 & o!r moi/ places4 ,z !y are n notic$ frequ5t+ su* spots mu*1 except 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! season1 _m suppose t !y ne$ wat] only at ?is p]iod4 ,?is is a great mi/ake1 = !y ne$ x1 & mu/ h x1 dur+ ! :ole bre$+ season4 ,b z soon z ! grass />ts1 & ! trees are cov]$ ) leaves1 !y pref] to sip ! dew f !m4 ,if a few cold days come on1 aft] ! bees h comm5c$ bre$+1 s z to prev5t !m f go+ abroad = wat]1 a v s]i\s *eck w be giv5 to _! op]ations4 ,ev5 :5 x is n s cold z to prev5t _! leav+ ! hive1 _m become s *ill$ 9 _! se>* = wat]1 t !y are n able to return4 ,e wise bee-keep] w see t 8 bees h an abundant supply ( wat]4 ,if he has n "s w>m & sunny spot :]e !y c safely obta9 x1 he w furni% !m ) %all[ wood5 tr\ghs or vessels fill$ ) pebbles1 f :i* !y c dr9k1 )\t any risk ( dr[n+1 & :]e !y w be %elt]$ f cold w9ds1 & w>m$ by ! g5ial rays ( ! sun4 ,i believe t ! reason :y bees v mu* pref] ! impure wat] ( b>n-y>ds & dra9s1 is n because !y f9d any m$ic9al quality 9 x1 b because z x is ne> _! hives & w>m1 !y c fill !mselves )\t be+ fatally *ill$4 ,i h us$ wat] fe$]s ( ! same con/ruction ) my honey fe$]s1 ) great success4 ,! bees are able to ent] !m at all times1 z !y are fill$ ) ! w>m air ( ! hive1 & ?us bre$+ goes on1 )\t int]ruption1 & ! lives ( _m bees are sav$4 ,! same end may be obta9$1 by p\r+ daily1 a few table spoonsfull ( wat] into ! hive1 ?r\gh "o ( ! holes lead+ to ! sp>e honey boxes4 ,z soon z ! wea!r becomes w>m1 & ! bees c supply !mselves f ! dew on ! grass & leaves1 x w n be wor? :ile to give !m wat] 9 _! hives4 ,:5 suppli$ ) wat] 9 _! hives1 ,i advise t en\gh honey or sug> be add$ to x1 to make x tol]ably sweet4 ,!y w take x ) great] reli%1 & x w /imulate !m m p[]fully to ! rais+ ( brood4 ,i come n[ to m5tion a sub/itute = liquid honey1 ! value ( :i* has be5 ext5sively & ?or\ghly te/$ 9 ,g]many1 & :i* ,i h us$ ) great advantage4 ,x 0 n discov]$ by ,dzi]zon1 al?\gh he speaks ( its excell5ce1 9 ! mo/ decid$ t]ms4 ,! article to :i* ,i ref]1 is pla9 sug> c&y1 or z x is (t5 call$1 b>ley c&y4 ,x has be5 asc]ta9$ t ab\t f\r p\nds ( ?is1 w su/a9 a colony dur+ ! ,w9t]1 :5 !y h sc>cely any honey 9 _! hive6 ,if x is plac$ :]e !y c get access to x )\t be+ *ill$1 !y w clu/] ^u x1 & gradually eat x up4 ,x n only goes fur!r ?an d\ble ! quantity ( liquid honey :i* c\ld be b\ght = ! same money1 b is f\nd to agree ) ! bees p]fectly2 :ile ! liquid honey is almo/ sure to s\r 9 ! unseal$ cells1 & expose !m to dang]\s1 & (t5 fatal attacks ( dys5t]y4 ,i h sometimes1 9 ! old-fa%ion$ box hives1 pu%$ /icks ( c&y betwe5 ! ranges ( comb1 & h f\nd x ev5 !n to answ] a good purpose4 ,9 any hive :i* has surplus honey boxes1 ! c&y may be put into a small box1 :i* aft] be+ cov]$ ?or\ghly ) cotton or wool1 may h ano!r box put ov] x1 ! outside ( :i* may be also cov]$4 ,unless great precautions are us$1 ! boxes w be s cold1 t ! bees w n be able to ent] !m 9 ,w9t]1 & may ?us p]i% 9 close proximity to abundant /ores4 ,9 my hives1 ! c&y may be laid on ! top ( ! frames1 9 ! %all[ *amb] betwe5 ! frames & ! honey-bo>d2 x w "h1 if ! honey-bo>d is cov]$ ) /raw1 be always accessible to ! bees1 ev5 9 ! colde/ wea!r4 ,i sometimes put x directly into a frame1 & conf9e x ) a piece ( tw9e1 or f9e wire4 ,i h made a v conv5i5t use ( sug> c&y1 z a bee-fe$ 9 ! ,summ]1 :5 ,i wi%$ to give small colonies a little food1 & yet n to be at ! tr\ble to use a fe$]1 or incur ! risk ( _! be+ robb$ by putt+ x :]e /range bees might be attract$ by ! sc5t4 ,a small /ick ( c&y1 slid 9 on ! bottom-bo>d1 "u ! frames1 answ]s admirably = su* a purpose4 ,if a little liquid food mu/ be us$ 9 w>m wea!r1 ,i advise t x be ! be/ :ite sug>1 dissolv$ 9 wat]2 ?is makes an admirable food2 co/s b little m ?an br[n sug>1 & has no smell to tempt robb]s to try to ga9 an entrance into ! hive4 ,if ! ,api>ian is skillful1 & att5ds to 8 bees1 at ! prop] "t1 !y w r>ely ne$ mu* fe$+2 if he manages !m 9 su* a mann] t ?is is frequ5tly & ext5sively ne$$1 ,i c assure him1 if he has n already f\nd x out to 8 sorr[1 t 8 bees w be no?+ b a bill ( co/ & vexation4 ,! "q h[ mu* honey a colony ( bees ne$s1 9 ord] to c>ry !m safely ?r\gh ! p]ils ( ,w9t]1 is "o to :i* x is impossible to give an answ] :i* w be def9ite1 "u all circum/ances4 ,v mu* w dep5d ^u ! hive 9 :i* !y are kept1 & ! =w>dness ( ! ensu+ ,spr+2 7see ,*apt] on ,protection47 ,x is (t5 absolutely impossible 9 ! common hives1 to =m any reliable e/imate1 z to ! quantity ( honey :i* !y conta91 = ! combs are (t5 s heavy ) bee-bread1 z entirely to deceive ev5 ! mo/ exp]i5c$ bee-keep]4 ,i %\ld always wi% to leave at lea/ #bj lbs4 ( honey 9 a hive2 & z ,i c exam9e ea* comb1 ,i am nev] at a loss to "k h[ mu* a colony has4 ,if ,i h ! lea/ appreh5sion t _! supplies may fail1 ,i pref] to put a few p\nds ( sug> c&y :]e !y c easily get access to x1 9 case ( ne$4 ,9 my hive1 ! c>eful bee-keep] may n only "k ! exact ext5t ( ! res\rces ( ea* hive1 9 ! ,fall1 b he may1 v e>ly 9 ! ,spr+1 asc]ta9 precisely h[ mu* honey is /ill on h&1 & :e!r 8 bees ne$ fe$+1 9 ord] to pres]ve _! lives4 ,x is a %ameful fact t a l>ge numb] ( colonies p]i% aft] !y h begun to fly out1 & :51 !y might easily h be5 sav$1 9 any k9d ( hive4 ,,fe$+1 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,pr(it ,,by ,,sell+ ,,! ,,honey ,,/or$ ,,up ,,by ,,! ,,bees4 ,= _m ye>s1 ,api>ians h attempt$ to make ! fe$+ ( bees on a l>ge scale1 pr(itable to _! own]s4 ,all su* attempts h[ev]1 mu/1 f ! v nature ( ! case1 meet ) v limit$ success4 ,if l>ge quantities ( *eap ,we/ ,india honey are f$ to ! bees 9 ! ,fall1 !y are induc$ to fill _! hives to su* an ext5t1 t 9 ! ,spr+1 ! que5 does n f9d ! necess>y accommodations = bre$+4 ,if !y are l>gely f$ 9 ! ,spr+1 ! case is /ill worse2 7,see p4 #cbj47 ,x mu/ !re=e be obvi\s t ! fe$+ ( *eap honey c only be made pr(itable :]e x s]ves z a sub/itute = an equal quantity ( *oice honey tak5 f ! bees4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,summ]1 ! ,api>ian may take away f ! ma9 hive1 "s ( ! combs :i* conta9 ! be/ honey1 & replace !m ) combs into :i* he has p\r$ ! *eap] article2 or if he has no sp>e combs on h&1 he may slice (f ! cov]s ( ! cells1 dra9 out ! honey1 fill ! empty combs ) ,we/ ,india honey1 & return !m to ! bees3 giv+ !m at ! same "t1 ! additional food :i* !y ne$ to elaborate wax to seal !m ov]4 ,if he attempts to take away _! full combs1 & gives !m honey 9 ord] to enable !m1 fir/ to replace _! combs1 & !n to fill !m1 ! op]ation1 7see p4 #cbf17 w result 9 a loss1 in/ead ( a ga94 ,i am aw>e t = a numb] ( ye>s1 p]sons h attempt$ to d]ive a pr(it f supply+ ! m>kets ( "s ( our l>ge cities1 ) an article pr(ess+ to be ! be/ ( honey1 b :i* has be5 no?+ m ?an ! *eap ,we/ ,india honey f$ to ! bees1 & /or$ up by !m 9 new comb4 ,9 ! ,city ( ,philadelphia1 l>ge quantities ( su* honey h be5 sold at ! highe/ prices1 & p]haps at "s pr(it to ! p]sons :o h f$ x to _! bees4 ,)9 ! la/ two ye>s1 h[ev]1 ! article has become s well kn[n t x c h>dly be sold at any price2 z ^? :o pur*ase honey1 in/ead ( pay+ #be c5ts p] p\nd = ,we/ ,india honey 9 ! comb1 mu* pref] to buy x1 7if !y want x at all17 = #f or #g c5ts1 9 a liquid /ate6 ,x mu/ be p]fectly obvi\s t to sell a *eap & ill-flavor$ article at a high price1 "u ! pret5ce t x is a sup]ior article1 is no?+ less ?an d[nright *eat+4 ,i am p]fectly well aw>e t _m p]sons imag9e t if any ?+ sweet is f$ to bees1 !y w quickly transmute x into ! pure/ nect>4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no m tru? 9 su* a conceit1 ?an !re w\ld be 9 t ( a man :o suppos$ t he _h f\nd ! v]itable philosoph]'s /one2 & t he 0 able to *ange all our copp] & silv] co9s into ! pure/ gold6 ,bees to be sure1 c make :ite & beautiful comb1 f almo/ any k9d ( sweet2 & :y8 because wax is a natural secretion ( ! bee1 7see p4 #gf17 & c be made f any sweet2 j z fat c be put ^u ! ribs ( an ox1 by any k9d ( n\ri%+ food4 ,b1 "s ( my read]s may ask1 d y mean to ass]t t bees d n secrete honey out ( ! raw mat]ial :i* !y ga!r1 or :i* is furni%$ to !m1 j z c[s secrete milk f grass & hay8 ,i c]ta9ly d mean to ass]t t !y c d no?+ ( ! k9d1 & no intellig5t man :o has c>efully /udi$ _! habits1 w = a mom5t1 v5ture to affirm t !y c1 unless = ! sake ( fil?y lucre1 he is attempt+ to deceive an unw>y community4 ,:at bee-keep] does n "k1 or r ought n to "k t ! quality ( honey dep5ds entirely ^u ! s\rces f :5ce x is ga!r$2 & t ! diff]5t k9ds ( honey c easily be di/+ui%$ by any "o :o is a judge ( ! article4 ,apple-blossom honey1 :ite clov] honey1 buck:eat honey1 & all ! diff]5t k9ds ( honey1 ea* has its own peculi> flavor1 & x is utt]ly amaz+ h[ any s5sible man1 acqua9t$ ) bees1 c be s delud$ z to imag9e any ?+ to ! contr>y4 ,b z ?is is a matt] ( great practical importance1 let u exam9e x m closely4 ,:5 bees are engag$ 9 rapidly /or+ up honey 9 _! combs1 !y may be se51 z soon z !y return f ! fields1 or f ! fe$+ boxes1 putt+ _! heads at once into ! cells1 & disgorg+ ! cont5ts ( _! honey-bags4 ,n[ t ! cont5ts ( _! sacs und]go no *ange at all1 dur+ ! %ort "t t !y rema9 9 !m1 ,i w n absolutely affirm1 because ,i h endeavor$1 ?r\gh ?is :ole treatise1 nev] to ass]t positively :5 ,i _h n positive evid5ce = s do+3 b t !y c und]go b a v slight *ange1 mu/ be evid5t f ! fact t :5 ?us /or$ up1 ! diff]5t k9ds ( honey or sug> c be almo/ if n q z readily di/+ui%$ z be=e !y 7 f$ to ! bees4 ,! only p]ceptible *ange :i* !y appe> to und]go 9 ! cells1 is to h ! l>ge quantity ( wat] evaporat$ f !m1 :i* is add$ f ?\ghtlessness1 or f ! va9 expectation t x w be j s mu* wat] sold = honey1 to ! defraud$ pur*as]6 ,?is evaporation ( ! wat] f ! honey by ! heat ( ! hive1 is ab\t ! only m>k$ *ange t x appe>s to und]go1 f its natural /ate 9 ! nect>ies ( ! blossoms2 & x is exce$+ly int]e/+ to see h[ unwill+ bees are to seal up honey1 until x is r$uc$ to su* a consi/5cy t !re is no dang] ( its s\r+ 9 ! cells4 ,!y are z c>eful z to ! quality ( _! nect>1 z ! good lady ( ! h\se is1 to h ! syrup ( h] pres]ves boil$ d[n to a suitable ?ickness to keep !m sweet4 ,let all :o = any purpose :atev]1 fe$ bees1 keep ?is fact 9 m9d1 & nev] add to ! food :i* !y give !m1 m wat] ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,to d s1 is a piece ( z great /upidity z to p\r a b>rel ( wat] into ! sug> pans1 = e b>rel ( sap f ! maples1 or juice f ! canes6 ,if a /rong colony is set ^u a plat=m scale1 x w be f\nd on a pleasant day1 dur+ ! height ( ! honey h>ve/1 to ga9 a numb] ( p\nds2 if exam9$ aga91 e>ly next morn+1 x w be f\nd to h lo/ consid]ably1 dur+ ! night4 ,?is is ow+ to ! evaporation ( ! wat] f ! fre%ly ga!r$ honey1 & x may (t5 be se5 runn+ d[n 9 q a /ream f ! bottom-bo>d4 ,^? :o fe$ *eap honey to sell x 9 ! m>ket at a high advance ov] its fir/ co/1 are ei!r deceiv]s or deceiv$2 if any ( my read]s h be5 deceiv$ by ! plausible repres5tations ( ignorant or unpr9cipl$ m51 ,i tru/ !y w be able f ^! rem>ks1 to see exactly h[ !y h be5 deceiv$1 & !y w no long] p]si/ 9 an adult]ation1 ! pr(its ( :i* c nev] be great1 & ! morality ( :i* c nev] be def5d$4 ,a man :o (f]s = sale1 inf]ior honey1 or sug> :i* he calls honey1 & :i* he is able to sell because x is /or$ 9 :ite comb1 to ^? :o w\ld nev] pur*ase x if !y knew :at x 01 or once _h a ta/e ( x1 is n a :it m hone/1 if he und]/&s ! nature ( ! article 9 :i* he deals1 ?an a p]son engag$ 9 c\nt]feit+ ! curr5t co9 ( ! realm3 = poor honey 9 :ite comb1 is no less a fraud ?an eagles or doll>s1 gold5 to be sure1 on _! hone/ ext]iors1 b conta9+ a bas] metal )96 ,! ,gold5 ,age ( bee-keep+1 9 :i* inf]ior honey c be quickly transmut$ into su* balmy spoils z are ga!r$ by ! bees ( ,hybla1 has n yet dawn$ ^u u2 or at lea/ only 9 ! fairy visions ( ! poet :o saw ,a gold5 hive1 on a ,gold5 ,bank1 ,:]e gold5 bees1 by al*emical prank1 ,ga!r$ ,gold in/ead ( ,honey4 ,if a p\nd ( ,we/ ,india honey co/s ab\t #f c5ts1 & ! bees use1 z !y w1 ab\t "o p\nd to make ! comb 9 :i* x is /or$1 x co/s ! produc] at lea/ #ab c5ts a p\nd1 & if to ?is1 he adds1 say #e c5ts m1 = extra "t & labor 9 fe$+1 !n 8 inf]ior honey co/s him at lea/ z mu* z ! m>ket price ( ! v be/ honey on ! spot :]e x is produc$6 ,if ! bee-keep] all[s 8 bees to make :at !y w1 f ! blossoms1 & !n beg9s to fe$1 aft] he has h>ve/$ ! produce f ! natural supplies1 ! advance ov] ! fir/ co/ w h>dly pay = ! tr\ble1 ev5 if x 7 fair to palm (f su* inf]ior honey z a fir/-rate article4 ,if1 h[ev]1 bees are f$ on ?is food v l>gely 9 ! latt] "p ( ,summ]1 !y w fill up _! hive ) x1 be=e !y put x into ! sp>e honey boxes1 & ! production ( brood w (t5 be mo/ s]i\sly int]f]$ )1 at a season ( ! ye> :5 x is important to h ! hives well /ock$ ) bees1 t !y may w9t] to ! be/ advantage4 ,if ,api>ians are anxi\s to h l>ge quantities ( *oice honey1 let !m manage _! bees s z to h p[]ful /ocks 9 ! e>ly ,spr+1 & !y w !n be able to h heavy purses & light consci5ces into ! b>ga94 ,i %all n[ %[ h[ liquid honey1 exce$+ly beautiful to ! eye1 & tempt+ to ! ta/e1 may be made to great advantage4 ,dissolve two p\nds ( ! pure/ :ite sug>1 9 z mu* hot wat] z w be j necess>y to r$uce x to a syrup2 take "o p\nd ( ! nice/ :ite clov] honey1 7any o!r light color$ honey ( good flavor w answ]17 & aft] w>m+ x1 add x to ! sug> syrup1 & /ir ! cont5ts4 ,:5 cool1 ?is comp\nd w be pron\nc$1 ev5 by ! be/ judges ( honey1 to be "o ( ! mo/ lusci\s articles :i* !y ev] ta/$2 & w be1 by almo/ e "o1 pref]r$ to ! unmix$ honey4 ,ref9$ loaf sug> is a p]fectly pure & inodor\s sweet1 & "o p\nd ( honey w communicate ! honey flavor1 9 high p]fection1 to twice t quantity ( sug>3 :ile ! new article w be de/itute ( t sm>t+ ta/e :i* honey alone1 s (t5 has1 & w be (t5 f\nd to agree p]fectly ) ^? :o _c eat ! cle> honey ) impunity4 ,if ^? engag$ 9 ! artificial manufacture ( honey1 nev] br\ght any ?+ worse ?an ?is1 to ! m>ket1 ! pur*as]s w\ld h no reason to compla94 ,z h[ev]1 ! comp\nd c be furni%$ mu* *eap] ?an ! pure honey1 _m may pref] to pur*ase ! mat]ials1 & mix !m !mselves4 ,if desir$1 any k9d ( flavor may be giv5 to ! manufactur$ article2 ?us x may be made to resemble 9 fragrance1 ! classic honey ( ,m\nt ,hymettus1 by add+ to x ! f9e aroma ( ! lemon balm1 or wild ?yme2 or x may h ! flavor ( ! orange groves1 or ! delicate fragrance ( b$s ( roses wa%$ ) dew4 ,i h rec5tly asc]ta9$ t if two p\nds ( ! be/ ref9$ sug> be add$ to "o ( common maple sug>1 ! comp\nd w be a light color$ article1 reta9+ p]fectly ! maple ta/e1 & yet f> sup]ior to ! common maple sug>4 ,aft] mak+ ?is discov]y1 ,i le>n$ t a l>ge "p ( ! v nice/ maple sug> is made 9 ?is way6 ,attempts h be5 made to fe$ to bees1 to be /or$ 9 ! honey boxes1 a mixture ( ! :ite/ honey & loaf sug>2 b ! result %[s a loss r ?an a ga94 ,! mixture1 be=e x is f$1 w co/ ab\t #aj c5ts p] p\nd4 ,at ! v fur!/1 n m ?an "o half ( :at is f$1 c be secur$ 9 ! comb1 = x requires ab\t "o p\nd ( honey1 to manufacture comb en\gh to hold a p\nd ( honey4 ,! actual co/ ( ! honey 9 ! comb1 w !re=e be1 at lea/ #bj c5ts p] p\nd2 & ! pure :ite clov] honey c be b\ght = less ?an t4 ,^? :o desire to h some?+ exce$+ly beautiful to ! eye1 & delicate to ! ta/e1 at a season :5 ! bees are n /or+ up honey f ! blossoms1 & 9 situations :]e ! natural supply is ( an inf]ior quality1 if !y d n reg>d exp5se1 c place ^u _! tables1 some?+ :i* w be pron\nc$ by ! be/ judges1 a little sup]ior to any ?+ !y ev] ta/$ be=e4 ,i h repeat$ly spok5 ( ! great c>e :i* is necess>y to prev5t bees f gett+ a ta/e ( =bidd5 sweets1 s z to be tempt$ to engage 9 di%one/ c\rses4 ,! exp]i5c$ ,api>ian w fully appreciate ! necessity ( ^! cautions1 & ! inexp]i5c$1 if !y neglect !m1 w be taught a lesson t !y w n soon =get4 ,let x be rememb]$ t ! bee 0 int5d$ to ga!r its sweets f ! nect>ies ( fl[]s3 to use ! exquisitely beautiful language ( him ^: wond]ful writ+s supply u on almo/ e subject1 ) ! ri*e/ ?\ghts & happie/ illu/rations1 !y 7 creat$ to ,make boot ^u ! ,summ]'s velvet buds1 ,:i* pillage !y ) m]ry m>* br+ home ,to ! t5t royal ( _! emp]or3 ,:o1 busi$ 9 8 maje/y1 surveys ,! s++ masons1 build+ ro(s ( gold4--,%akspe>e4 ,:5 ?us engag$1 ! bees "w 9 p]fect accordance ) _! natural in/9cts1 & seem to h little or no disposition to m$dle ) prop]ty t does n belong to !m4 ,if h[ev]1 _! incauti\s own] tempts !m ) liquid food1 especially at times :5 !y c obta9 no?+ f ! blossoms1 !y seem to be s infatuat$ ) su* easy ga!r+s1 z to lose all discretion1 & !y w p]i% by ?\s&s1 if ! vessels :i* conta9 ! food are n furni%$ ) floats1 on :i* !y c /& & help !mselves 9 safety4 ,! fly 0 int5d$ to fe$1 n ^u ! blossoms1 b ^u food 9 :i*1 )\t c>e1 x c\ld easily be dr[n$2 & h5ce x alights mo/ cauti\sly1 on ! edge ( any vessel conta9+ liquid food1 & w>ily helps itself3 :ile ! poor bee1 )\t any caution1 plunges "r 9 & spe$ily p]i%es4 ,! sad fate ( _! un=tunate companions1 does n 9 ! lea/1 det] o!rs :o approa* ! tempt+ lure3 b !y madly alight on ! bodies ( ! dy+ & ! dead1 to %>e ! same mis]able end6 ,no "o c und]/& ! full ext5t ( _! infatuation1 until aft] see+ a confection]'s %op1 assail$ by ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( hungry bees4 ,i h se5 ?\s&s /ra9$ out f ! syrups 9 :i* !y _h p]i%$2 ?\s&s m alight+ ev5 ^u ! boil+ sweets2 ! floors cov]$1 & w9d[s d>k5$ ) bees1 "s crawl+1 o!rs fly+1 & o!rs /ill1 s completely daub$ z to be able nei!r to crawl nor fly2 n "o bee 9 t5 able to c>ry home its ill-gott5 spoils1 & yet ! air fill$ ) new ho/s ( ?\ghtless com]s4 ,x w be = ! int]e/ ( all engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( c&y & syrups1 to fit gauze wire w9d[s & doors to _! premises1 & ?us save !mselves f con/ant loss & annoyance3 = if only "o bee 9 a hundr$ escapes ) 8 load1 ! confection] w be subject$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! season to s]i\s loss4 ,i once furni%$ su* an e/abli%m5t1 aft] ! bees _h comm5c$ _! depr$ations1 ) su* protection2 & :5 !y f\nd !mselves exclud$1 !y lit on ! wire by ?\s&s1 & fairly squeal$ ) vexation & disappo9tm5t1 z !y tri$ to =ce a passage ?r\gh ! me%es4 ,at la/ z !y 7 d>+ en\gh to desc5d ! *imney1 reek+ ) sweet odors1 ev5 al?\gh ! mo/ :o attempt$ x1 fell ) scor*$ w+s into ! fire1 x became necess>y to put wire gauze ov] ! top ( ! *imney also6 ,h[ (t51 z ,i h se5 ?\s&s ( bees1 9 su* places de/roy$1 & ?\s&s m depriv$ ( all ability to fly1 & hopelessly /ruggl+ 9 ! delud+ sweets1 & yet ?\s&s m bl9dly hov]+ ov] !m1 all unm9dful ( _! dang]1 & app>5tly eag] to %>e ! same de/ruction1 h[ (t5 has ! spectacle ( _! infatuation seem$ to me1 to be an exact picture ( ! w(ul delusion ( ^? :o surr5d] !mselves to ! fatal influ5ces ( ! intoxicat+ cup4 ,ev5 al?\gh !y see ! mis]able victims ( ?is degrad+ vice1 fall+ all ar\nd !m1 into premature & di%onor$ graves1 !y /ill press on1 madly trampl+ z x 71 ov] _! dead & dy+ bodies1 t !y too may s9k into ! same abyss ( agonies1 & t _! sun may also g d[n 9 d>kness & hopeless gloom4 ,ev5 al?\gh !y "k t ! next cup may s5d !m1 ) all _! s9s ^u _! heads1 to ! dread tribunal ( _! ,god1 t cup ( bitt] sorr[s & untold degradation1 !y w dra9 ev5 to its mo/ loa?some dregs4 ,! av>ici\s bee t despis$ ! sl[ process ( extract+ nect> f e op5+ fl[]1 & plung$ recklessly into ! tempt+ sweets1 has ample "t to bewail its folly4 ,ev5 if x has n paid ! =feit ( its life1 b has be5 able to obta9 its fill1 x returns home ) all its beautiful plumage sulli$ & besme>$1 & ) a woe-begone look1 & sorr[ful note1 9 m>k$ contra/ ) ! bright hues & m]ry s\nds ) :i* ! indu/ri\s bee returns f its happy rov+s amid ! budd+ honey fl[]s1 & sweetly brea?+ fields4 ,j s1 has _m a pilgrim f ! gold5 %ores ( ,cali=nia & ,au/ralia1 return$2 enfeebl$ 9 body & m9d1 bankrupt (t5 9 "* & happ9ess1 if n 9 purse1 & unfitt$ 9 e way1 = ! calm & sob] pursuits ( common indu/ry2 :ile ?\s&s1 yes1 & t5s ( ?\s&s too1 %all nev] m behold _! once happy homes4 ,bibles & ,sabba?s1 alt>s & firesides1 p>5ts & fri5ds1 wife & *ildr51 h[ (t5 h all ^! be5 wantonly ab&on$1 9 ! accurs$ gre$ = ga91 by ^? :o might h be5 happy & prosp]\s at home1 & :o w&]$ f its sacr$ prec9cts only because !y 7 det]m9$ to make ! possession ( weal?1 ! *ief object ( life1 b ^: bones n[ lie amid ! coral reefs ( ! ocean1 or m\ld] 9 ! h[l+ wa/es ( ! ov]l& passage2 j z ! bones ( ! unbeliev+ ,israelites :it5$ ! s&s ( ! des]t4 ,( ^? :o h rea*$ ! l& ( gold5 promise1 h[ _m h di$ 9 despair1 or worse /ill1 are liv+ s besott$ by vice1 s lo/ to all p[] ( virtu\s resolutions1 t !y %all nev] m see ! happy homes f :i* !y s ?\ghtlessly w&]$1 nev] m he> ! s(t acc5ts ( lov+ fri5ds2 nev] m wor%ip ,god1 9 a peaceful ,sanctu>y1 or ev] aga9 behold an op5$ ,bible6 ,gold6 ,gold6 ,gold6 ,gold6 ,bright & yell[1 h>d & cold1 ,molt51 grav51 hamm]'d1 & roll'd2 ,heavy to get1 & light to hold2 ,ho>d$1 b>t]'d1 b\ght1 & sold1 ,/ol51 borr['d1 squ&]'d1 dol$3 ,spurn'd by ! "y1 b hugg'd by ! old ,to ! v v]ge ( ! *ur*y>d m\ld2 ,price ( _m a crime untold2 ,gold6 ,gold6 ,gold6 ,gold6 ,good or bad a ?\s&-fold6 ,h[ widely its ag5cies v>y-- ,to save--to ru9--to curse--to bless-- ,z ev5 its m9t$ co9s express1 ,n[ /amp'd ) ! image ( ,good ,que5 ,bess1 ,& n[ ( a ,bloody ,m>y6 ,hood4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,honey4 ,,pa/urage4 ,,ov]/ock+4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,fe$+1 x has already be5 /at$ t honey is n a natural secretion ( ! bee1 b a sub/ance obta9$ f ! nect>ies ( ! blossoms2 x is n !re=e1 made1 b m]ely ga!r$ by ! bees4 ,! tru? is well express$ 9 ! l9es s famili> to mo/ ( u f our *ildhood1 ,h[ do? ! little busy bee ,improve ea* %9+ h\r1 ,& ga!r honey all ! day ,f e op5+ fl[]4 ,bees n only ga!r honey f ! blossoms1 b (t5 obta9 x 9 l>ge quantities f :at h be5 call$ honey dews2 a t]m appli$ to ^? sweet1 clammy drops t glitt] on ! foliage ( _m trees 9 hot wea!r4 ,two diff]5t op9ions h be5 zeal\sly advocat$ z to ! orig9 ( honey-dews4 ,by "s1 !y are consid]$ a natural exudation f ! leaves ( trees1 a p]spiration z x 71 occasion$ (t5 by ill heal?1 ?\gh sometimes a provision to enable ! plants to resi/ ! f]v5t heats to :i* !y are expos$4 ,o!rs insi/ t ?is sweet sub/ance is dis*>g$ f ! bodies ( ^? aphides or small lice :i* infe/ ! leaves ( s _m plants4 ,unque/ionably !y are produc$ 9 bo? ways4 ,messrs4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 9 _! int]e/+ "w on ,entomology1 h giv5 a description ( ! k9d ( honey-dew furni%$ by ! aphides4 ,! loves ( ! ants & ! aphides h long be5 celebrat$2 & t !re is a connection betwe5 !m1 y may1 at any "t 9 ! prop] season1 conv9ce y\rself2 = y w always f9d ! =m] v busy on ^? trees & plants on :i* ! latt] ab\nd2 & if y exam9e m closely1 y w discov] t ! object ( ! ants1 9 ?us att5d+ ^u ! aphides1 is to obta9 ! sac*>9e fluid secret$ by !m1 :i* may well be d5om9at$ _! milk4 ,?is fluid1 :i* is sc>cely inf]ior to honey 9 sweetness1 issues 9 limpid drops f ! abdom5 ( ^! insects1 n only by ! ord9>y passage1 b also by two seti=m tubes plac$1 "o on ea* side1 j above x4 ,_! suck] be+ ins]t$ 9 ! t5d] b>k1 is )\t int]mission employ$ 9 absorb+ ! sap1 :i*1 aft] x has pass$ ?r\gh _! sy/em1 !y keep cont9ually dis*>g+ by ^! organs4 ,:5 no ants att5d !m1 by a c]ta9 j]k ( ! body1 :i* takes place at regul> int]vals1 !y ejaculate x to a di/ance4 ,mr4 ,knight once obs]v$1 says ,bevan1 a %[] ( honey-dew desc5d+ 9 innum]able small globules1 ne> "o ( 8 oak-trees1 on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]2 he cut (f "o ( ! bran*es1 took x into ! h\se1 & hold+ x 9 a /ream ( light1 :i* 0 purposely admitt$ ?r\gh a small op5+1 di/9ctly saw ! aphides eject+ ! fluid f _! bodies ) consid]able =ce1 & ?is acc\nts = its be+ frequ5tly f\nd 9 situations :]e x c\ld n h arriv$ by ! m]e influ5ce ( gravitation4 ,! drops t are ?us spurt$ out1 unless int]rupt$ by ! surr\nd+ foliage1 or "s o!r int]pos+ body1 fall ^u ! gr\nd2 & ! spots may (t5 be obs]v$1 = "s "t1 b5ea? & ar\nd ! trees affect$ ) honey-dew1 till wa%$ away by ! ra94 ,! p[] :i* ^! insects possess ( eject+ ! fluid f _! bodies1 seems to h be5 wisely in/itut$ to pres]ve cleanl9ess 9 ea* individual fly1 & inde$ = ! pres]vation ( ! :ole family2 = press+ z !y d ^u "o ano!r1 !y w\ld o!rwise soon be glu$ toge!r1 & r5d]$ incapable ( /irr+4 ,on look+ /eadfa/ly at a gr\p ( ^! insects 7,aphides ,salicis7 :ile fe$+ on ! b>k ( ! will[1 _! sup]ior size enables u to p]ceive "s ( !m elevat+ _! bodies & emitt+ a transp>5t sub/ance 9 ! =m ( a small %[]4 ,nor scorn ye n[1 fond elves1 ! foliage se>1 ,:5 ! light aphids1 arm'd ) puny spe>1 ,probe ea* emulg5t ve91 till bright bel[1 ,l fall+ />s1 cle> drops ( nect> gl[4 ,evans4 ,! will[ accommodates ! bees 9 a k9d ( ?reefold succession2 f ! fl[]s !y obta9 bo? honey & f>9a2--f ! b>k propolis2--& ! leaves frequ5tly af=d !m honey-dew at a "t :5 o!r res\rces are beg9n+ to fail4 ,honey-dew usually appe>s ^u ! leaves z a viscid1 transp>5t sub/ance1 z sweet z honey itself1 sometimes 9 ! =m ( globules1 at o!rs resembl+ a syrup2 x is g5]ally mo/ abundant f ! middle ( ,june to ! middle ( ,july1 sometimes z late z ,septemb]4 ,x is f\nd *iefly ^u ! oak1 ! elm1 ! maple1 ! plane1 ! sycamore1 ! lime1 ! hazel1 & ! blackb]ry2 occasionally also on ! *]ry1 currant1 & o!r fruit trees4 ,sometimes only "o species ( trees is affect$ at a "t4 ,! oak g5]ally af=ds ! l>ge/ quantity4 ,at ! season ( its greate/ abundance1 ! happy humm+ noise ( ! bees may be he>d at a consid]able di/ance f ! trees1 sometimes ne>ly equall+ 9 l\dness ! unit$ hum ( sw>m+4 ,9 "s seasons1 extraord9>y quantities ( honey are furni%$ by ! honey-dews1 & bees w (t51 9 a few days1 fill _! hives ) x4 ,if at su* times1 !y c be furni%$ ) empty combs1 ! am\nt /or$ up by !m1 w be truly wond]ful4 ,no c]ta9 reliance1 h[ev]1 c be plac$ ^u ?is article ( bee-food1 z 9 "s ye>s1 !re is sc>cely any to be f\nd1 & x is only once 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s1 t x is v abundant4 ,! honey obta9$ f ?is s\rce1 is g5]ally ( a v good quality1 ?\gh seldom z cle> z t ga!r$ f ! *oice/ blossoms4 ,! quality ( honey is exce$+ly v>i\s1 "s be+ d>k1 & (t5 bitt] & disagreeable to ! ta/e1 :ile occasionally x is ga!r$ f poison\s fl[]s1 & is v noxi\s to ! human sy/em4 ,an intellig5t ,m&+o ,african in=m$ a lady ( my acqua9tance1 t !y d n 9 8 c\ntry1 d>e to eat unseal$ honey1 until x is fir/ boil$4 ,9 "s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 all unseal$ honey is g5]ally reject$4 ,x appe>s to me highly probable t ! noxi\s qualities ( ! honey ga!r$ f "s fl[]s1 is1 = ! mo/ "p1 evaporat$1 be=e x is seal$ ov] by ! bees1 :ile ! honey is ?ick5+ 9 ! cells4 ,boil+ ! honey1 w\ld1 ( c\rse1 expel x mu* m effectually1 & x is a well asc]ta9$ fact t "s p]sons are n able to eat ev5 ! be/ honey ) impunity1 until aft] x has be5 boil$6 ,i believe t if p]sons :o are injur$ by honey w\ld subject x to ?is op]ation1 !y w\ld usually f9d x to ex]t no injuri\s influ5ce on ! sy/em4 ,honey is improv$ by age1 & _m are able to use ) impunity1 t :i* has be5 = a long "t1 9 ! hive1 & :i* seems to be mu* mild] ?an any fre%ly ga!r$ by ! bees4 ,honey1 :5 tak5 f ! bees1 %\ld be c>efully put :]e x w be safe f all intrud]s1 & :]e x w n be expos$ to s l[ a temp]ature z to c&y 9 ! cells4 ,! little r$ ant1 & ! l>ge black ant are extravagantly fond ( x1 & unless plac$ :]e !y _c rea* x1 !y w soon c>ry (f l>ge quantities4 ,i pa/e pap] ov] all my boxes1 glasses1 c41 s z to make !m air-tight1 & c>efully /ore !m away = future use4 ,if x is dra9$ f ! combs1 x may be kept 9 tight vessels1 al?\gh 9 ?is /ate x w be almo/ sure to c&y4 ,by putt+ ! vessels 9 wat]1 & br++ x to ! boil+ po9t1 x w be z nice z :5 fir/ /ra9$ f ! comb4 ,9 ?is way1 ,i pref] to keep ! l>g] portion ( my honey4 ,! appe>ance ( :ite honey 9 ! comb1 is h[ev]1 s beautiful1 t _m w pref] to keep x 9 ?is =m1 especially1 if int5d$ = sale4 ,9 my hives1 x may be tak5 f ! bees1 9 a great v>iety ( ways4 ,"s may pref] to con/ruct ! ma9 hive 9 su* a =m1 t ! surplus honey c be tak5 f x1 on ! frames4 ,o!rs w pref] to take x on frames put 9 an upp] box2 7see p4 #bca47 ,glass vessels ( almo/ any size or =m w make beautiful receptacles = ! sp>e honey4 ,!y ought always1 h[ev]1 to h a piece ( comb fa/5$ 9 !m1 be=e !y are giv5 to ! bees2 7see p4 #afa7 & if ! wea!r is cool1 !y mu/ be c>efully cov]$ ) some?+ w>m1 or !y w "p ) _! heat s quickly1 z to disc\rage ! bees f build+ 9 !m4 ,unless w>mly cov]$1 glass vessels w (t5 be s l9$ ) moi/ure1 z to annoy ! bees4 ,?is is occasion$ by ! rapid evaporation ( ! wat] f ! newly ga!r$ honey1 7see p4 #cce47 ,all hives dur+ ! height ( ! ga!r+ season1 ab\nd 9 moi/ure1 & ?is no d\bt furni%es ! bees1 = ! mo/ "p1 ) ! wat] !y !n ne$4 ,honey1 :5 /or$ 9 a p9t tumbl]1 j l>ge en\gh to receive "o comb1 has a mo/ beautiful appe>ance1 & may be easily tak5 out :ole1 & plac$ 9 an elegant %ape ^u ! table4 ,! exp5se ( su* glass vessels is "o objection to _! use2 ! ease ) :i* !y "p ) _! heat1 ano!r1 & a m s]i\s objection /ill1 is ! fact t ! %all[ cells1 s _m ( :i* mu/ be made 9 a r\nd vessel1 require z l>ge a consumption ( honey = _! wax cov]s1 z ^? :i* hold m ?an twice _! quantity ( honey4 ,i pref] rectangul> boxes made ( pa/ebo>d1 to any o!r3 !y are neat1 w>m & *eap2 & if a small piece ( glass is pa/$ 9 "o ( _! ends1 ! ,api>ian c always see :5 !y are full4 ,:5 ! honey is tak5 f ! bees1 ! box has its cov] put on1 & is pa/$ tight1 s z to exclude air & insects4 ,9 ?is =m1 honey may be pack$1 & s5t to m>ket v conv5i5tly3 & :5 ! boxes are op5$1 ! pur*as] c always see ! quality ( ! article :i* he buys4 ,! box 9 :i* ^! small boxes ( honey are pack$ 9 ord] to be s5t to m>ket1 %\ld be furni%$ ) rope h&les1 s t x c be easily lift$1 )\t ! lea/ j>r+4 ,honey %\ld be h&l$ ) j z mu* c>e z glass4 ,a box1 f\r in*es wide1 w admit ( two combs1 & if small pieces ( comb are put 9 ! top1 ! bees w build !m1 ( ! prop] dim5sions1 & w ?us make !m too l>ge = brood combs1 & ( ! be/ size to conta9 _! surplus honey4 ,! use ( my hives enables ! ,api>ian to get access to all ! comb :i* he ne$s = su* purposes1 & he w f9d x to 8 int]e/1 nev] to give ! bees a box :i* does n conta9 "s comb1 z well = enc\ragem5t z = a patt]n4 ,i h nev] se5 ! use ( pa/ebo>d boxes sugge/$1 b aft] exp]im5t+ ) a great _m mat]ials1 ,i believe !y w be f\nd1 all ?+s consid]$1 pref]able to any o!rs4 ,wood5 boxes1 ) a piece ( glass1 are v good = /or+ honey3 b !y are mu* m exp5sive ?an ^? made ( pa/ebo>d1 & ! cov]s _c be remov$ s conv5i5tly4 ,honey may be safely remov$ f ! surplus honey boxes ( my hives1 ev5 by ! mo/ timid4 ,:5 ! outside case :i* cov]s ! boxes1 is elevat$1 a %ield is ?r[n betwe5 ! ,api>ian & ! bees :i* are ent]+ & leav+ ! hive4 ,be=e remov+ a vessel or box1 a ?9 knife %\ld be c>efully pass$ "u x1 s z to loos5 ! atta*m5ts ( ! comb to ! honey-bo>d1 )\t injur+ ! bees2 !n a small piece ( t9 or z9c may be pu%$ "u to prev5t ! bees t are bel[1 f com+ up1 :5 ! honey is remov$4 ,! ,api>ian %\ld n[ tap g5tly on ! box1 & ! bees 9 x1 p]ceiv+ t !y are sep>at$ f ! ma9 hive1 w at once proce$ to fill !mselves1 s z to save z mu* z possible1 ( _! preci\s sweets4 ,9 ab\t five m9utes1 or z soon z !y are full1 & run ov] ! combs1 try+ to get out1 ! glass or box may at once be remov$1 & !y w fly directly to ! hive ) :at !y h be5 able to secure4 ,bees "u su* circum/ances1 nev] attempt to /+1 & a *ild ( t5 ye>s1 may remove1 ) ease & safety1 all _! surplus /ores4 ,if a p]son is too timid to approa* a hive :5 any bees are fly+1 ! honey may be remov$ t[>ds ev5+1 or e>ly 9 ! morn+1 be=e ! bees are fly+1 9 any consid]able numb]s4 ,9 p]=m+ ?is op]ation1 x %\ld always be borne 9 m9d1 t l>ge quantities ( honey %\ld nev] be tak5 f !m at once1 unless :5 ! honey-h>ve/ is ov]4 ,bees are exce$+ly disc\rag$ by su* :olesale appropriations1 & (t5 refuse entirely1 to "w 9 ! empty boxes1 ev5 al?\gh honey ab\nds 9 ! fields4 ,n unfrequ5tly :5 l>ge boxes are remov$1 & be+ f\nd only p>tially fill$1 are return$1 ! bees w c>ry e p>ticle ( honey d[n into ! ma9 hive6 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! honey is remov$ 9 small boxes1 "o at a "t1 & an empty box ) guide comb is put in/antly 9 its place1 ! bees1 s f> f be+ disc\rag$1 "w ) m ?an _! wont$ en]gy1 & usually beg9 9 a few h\rs1 to enl>ge ! comb4 ,i w\ld "h repeat ! caution already giv51 aga9/ ne$lessly op5+ & %utt+ ! hives1 or 9 any way m$dl+ ) ! bees s z to make !m feel insecure 9 _! possessions4 ,su* a c\rse t5ds to disc\rage !m1 & may s]i\sly dim9i% ! yield ( honey4 ,if ! ,api>ian wi%es to remove honey f ! int]ior ( ! hive1 he mu/ remove ! combs1 z direct$ on page #aie1 & %ake ! bees (f1 on ! alight+ bo>d1 or directly into ! hive4 ,,pa/urage4 ,"s blossoms yield only poll51 & o!rs only honey2 b by f> ! l>ge/ numb]1 bo? honey & poll54 ,s9ce ! discov]y t rye fl\r w answ] s admirably z a sub/itute1 be=e ! bees are able to ga!r ! poll5 f ! fl[]s1 e>ly blossoms produc+ poll5 alone1 are n s important 9 ! vic9ity ( an ,api>y4 ,will[s are among ! mo/ desirable trees to h )9 rea* ( ! bees3 "s k9ds ( will[ put out _! catk9s v e>ly1 & yield an abundance ( bo? bee-bread & honey4 ,all ! will[s furni% an abundance ( food = ! bees2 & z !re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! "t ( _! blossom+1 x is desirable to h su* v>ieties z w furni% ! bees ) food1 z long z possible4 ,! ,sug> ,maple furni%es a l>ge supply ( v delici\s honey1 & its blossoms hang+ 9 droop+ fr+es1 w be all alive ) bees4 ,! ,apricot1 ,pea*1 ,plum & ,*]ry are mu* frequ5t$ by ! bees2 ,pe>s & ,apples furni% v copi\s supplies ( ! ri*e/ honey4 ,! ,tulip tree1 ,liriod5dron1 is probably "o ( ! greate/ honey-produc+ trees 9 ! _w4 ,9 ri* l&s ?is magnific5t tree w gr[ ov] "o hundr$ feet high1 & :5 cov]$ ) its l>ge bell-%ap$ blossoms ( m+l$ gre5 & gold5 yell[1 x is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful trees 9 ! _w4 ,! blossoms are exp&+ 9 succession1 (t5 = m ?an two weeks1 & a new sw>m w frequ5tly fill its hive f ^! trees alone4 ,! honey ?\gh d>k 9 color1 is ( a ri* flavor4 ,?is tree has be5 successfully cultivat$ z a %ade tree1 ev5 z f> ,nor? z ,s\!rn ,v]mont1 & = ! extraord9>y beauty ( its foliage & blossoms1 des]ves to be introduc$ :]ev] x c be made to gr[4 ,! ,w9t] ( #ahea-b1 0 exce$+ly cold1 ! !rmomet] 9 ,gre5field1 ,mass4 s9k+ z l[ z #cj bel[ z]o1 & yet a tulip tree n only surviv$ ! ,w9t] un9jur$1 b 0 cov]$ ! foll[+ season ) blossoms4 ,! ,am]ican ,l9d5 or ,bass ,wood1 is ano!r tree :i* yields l>ge supplies ( v pure & :ite honey4 ,x is "o ( our mo/ beautiful native trees1 & ought to be plant$ mu* m ext5sively ?an x is1 9 our villages & c\ntry seats4 ,! ,engli% ,l9d5 is wor?less = bees1 & 9 _m places1 has be5 s infe/$ by worms1 z to make x necess>y to cut x d[n4 ,! ,l9d5 blossoms soon aft] ! :ite clov] beg9s to fail1 & a maje/ic tree cov]$ ) its yell[ clu/]s1 at a season :5 v few blossoms are to be se51 is a sight mo/ beautiful & refre%+4 ,"h _! delici\s task1 ! f]v5t bees ,9 sw>m+ millions t5d3 ar\nd1 a?w>t1 ,?r\gh ! s(t air ! busy nations fly1 ,cl+ to ! bud1 & ) ins]t$ tube1 ,suck its pure ess5ce1 its e!rial s\l4 ,?omson4 ,our villages w\ld be mu* m attractive1 if in/ead ( be+ fill$ z !y (t5 are1 almo/ exclusively ) maples & elms1 !y 7 adorn$ ) a great] v>iety ( our native trees4 ,! rem>k has (t5 be5 made1 t ^! trees are mu* m highly valu$ abroad ?an at home1 & t to see !m 9 p]fection1 we mu/ ei!r visit _! native =e/s1 or ! pleasure gr\nds ( "s weal?y ,engli% or ,european g5tleman4 ,( all ! v>i\s s\rces f :i* ! bees d]ive _! supplies1 :ite clov] is ! mo/ important4 ,x yields l>ge quantities ( v :ite honey1 & ( ! pure/ quality1 & :]ev] x fl\ri%es 9 abundance1 ! honey-bee w always ga!r a ri* h>ve/4 ,9 ?is c\ntry at lea/1 x seems to be ! mo/ c]ta9 reliance ( ! ,api>y4 ,x blossoms at a season ( ! ye> :5 ! wea!r is usually bo? dry & hot1 & ! bees ga!r ! honey f x1 aft] ! sun has dri$ (f ! dew3 s t its juices are v ?ick1 & almo/ ready to be seal$ ov] at once 9 ! cells4 ,e obs]vant bee-keep] mu/ h notic$1 t 9 "s seasons1 ! blossoms ( v>i\s k9ds yield mu* less honey ?an 9 o!rs4 ,p]haps no plant v>ies s little 9 ?is respect1 z ! :ite clov]4 ,?is clov] ought to be mu* m ext5sively cultivat$ ?an x n[ is1 & ,i consid] myself z conf]r+ a b5efit n only on bee-keep]s1 b on ! agricultural community at l>ge1 9 be+ able to /ate on ! au?ority ( "o ( ,new ,engl&'s able/ practical f>m]s1 & writ]s on agricultural subjects1 ,hon4 ,fr$]ick ,holbrook1 ( ,brattleboro'1 ,v]mont1 t ! common :ite clov] may be cultivat$ on "s soils to v great pr(it1 z a hay crop4 ,9 an article = ! ,new ,engl& ,f>m]1 = ,may1 #ahec1 he speaks z foll[s3-- ,! m g5]al s[+ ( :ite clov]-se$ is confid5tly recomm5d$4 ,if l& is 9 good he>t at ! "t ( /ock+ x to grass1 :ite clov] s[n ) ! o!r grass-se$s w ?ick5 up ! bottom ( m[+s1 gr[+ "s eight or t5 in*es high & 9 a ?ick mat1 & ! burd5 ( hay w prove mu* heavi] ?an x seem$ likely to be be=e m[+4 ,soon aft] ! practice ( s[+ :ite clov] on ! tillage-fields comm5ces1 ! plant w beg9 to %[ itself 9 v>i\s places on ! f>m1 & ultimately gets pretty well scatt]$ ov] ! pa/ures1 z x se$s v pr(usely1 & ! se$s are c>ri$ f place to place 9 ! manure & o!rwise4 ,! price ( ! se$ p] p\nd 9 m>ket is high2 b !n "o p\nd ( x w se$ m l&1 ?an two p\nds ( r$ clov] se$2 s t 9 fact ! =m] is ! *eap] se$ ( ! two1 = an acre4 ,r$-top1 r$ clov] & :ite clov] se$s1 s[n toge!r1 produce a quality ( hay univ]sally reli%$ by /ock4 ,my practice is1 to se$ all dry1 s&y & gravelly l&s ) ?is mixture4 ,! r$ & :ite clov] pretty mu* make ! crop ! fir/ ye>2 ! second ye>1 ! r$ clov] beg9s to disappe>1 & ! r$-top to take its place2 & aft] t1 ! r$-top & :ite clov] h full possession & make ! v be/ hay = horses or ox51 mil* c[s or "y /ock1 t ,i h be5 able to produce4 ,! crop p] acre1 z comp>$ ) h]ds-grass1 is n s bulky2 b te/$ by weight & by sp5d+ quality 9 ! ,w9t]1 x is mu* ! mo/ valuable4 ,h]ds-grass hay gr[n on moi/ upl&s or reclaim$ mead[s1 & swamps ( a mucky soil1 or l&s n ov]*>g$ ) silica1 is ( good quality2 b :5 gr[n on s&y & gravelly soils ab\nd+ 9 silex1 ! /alks are h>d1 wiry1 coat$ ) silicates z ) glass1 & nei!r horses nor cattle w eat x z well1 or ?rive z well on x z on hay made ( r$-top & clov]2 & z = mil* c[s1 !y w9t] badly on x1 & d n give out ! milk z :5 f$ on s(t] & m succul5t hay4 ,by manag+ :ite clov]1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,holbrook's plan1 x might be made to blossom abundantly 9 ! second crop1 & ?us l5g!n out1 to v great advantage1 ! pa/ure = ! bees4 ,= fe> t any ( my read]s might suspect ,mr4 ,holbrook ( look+ at ! :ite clov]1 ?r\gh a pair ( bee-spectacles1 ,i w\ld add t al?\gh he has t5 acres ( x 9 m[+1 he has no bees1 & has nev] p>ticul>ly int]e/$ himself 9 ?is bran* ( rural economy4 ,:5 we c succe$ 9 direct+ ! att5tion ( su* m5 to bee-culture1 we may hope to see z rapid an advance 9 ?is z 9 "s o!r important bran*es ( agriculture4 ,sweet-sc5t$ clov]1 7,mellilotus ,leucan?a17 af=ds a ri* bee-pa/urage4 ,x blossoms ! second ye> f ! se$1 & gr[s to a great height1 & is always sw>m+ ) bees until q late 9 ! ,fall4 ,attempts h be5 made to cultivate x = ! sake ( its value z a hay crop1 b x has be5 f\nd too co>se 9 its texture1 to be v pr(itable4 ,:]e _m bees are kept1 x might h[ev]1 be s valuable = !m z to ju/ify its ext5sive cultivation4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! season1 x might be m[$ & f$ to ! cattle1 9 a gre5 & t5d] /ate1 & all[$ to blossom lat] 9 ! season1 :5 ! bees c f9d b few s\rces to ga!r f4 ,= ye>s1 ,i h attempt$ to procure1 ?r\gh botani/s1 a hybrid or cross betwe5 ! r$ & :ite clov]1 9 ord] to get some?+ ) ! ri* honey-produc+ prop]ties ( ! r$1 & yet ) a %ort blossom into :i* ! honey-bee might ins]t its proboscis4 ,! r$ clov] produces a va/ am\nt ( food = ! bumble-bee1 b is ( no use at all to ! honey-bee4 ,i _h hop$ to procure a v>iety :i* might answ] all ! purposes ( our f>m]s z a field crop4 ,q rec5tly ,i h asc]ta9$ t su* a hybrid has be5 orig9at$ 9 ,sw$51 & has be5 import$ into ?is c\ntry1 by ,mr4 ,b4 ,c4 ,rog]s1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,x gr[s ev5 tall] ?an ! r$ clov]1 be>s _m blossoms on a /alk :i* are small1 resembl+ ! :ite1 & is said to be pref]r$ by cattle1 to any o!r k9d ( grass1 :ile x answ]s admirably = bees4 ,buck:eat furni%es a mo/ excell5t ,fall fe$ = bees2 ! honey is n s well-flavor$ z "s o!r k9ds1 b x comes at a season :5 x is highly important to ! bees1 & !y are (t5 able to fill _! hives ) a g5]\s supply aga9/ ,w9t]4 ,buck:eat honey is ga!r$ :5 ! dew is ^u ! blossoms1 & in/ead ( be+ ?ick1 l :ite clov] honey1 is (t5 q ?92 ! bees sweat out a l>ge portion ( its moi/ure1 b /ill !y d n exhau/ ! :ole ( x1 & 9 wet seasons especially1 x is liable to s\r 9 ! cells4 ,honey ga!r$ 9 a dry season1 is always ?ick]1 & ( c\rse m valuable ?an t ga!r$ 9 a wet "o1 z x conta9s mu* less wat]4 ,buck:eat is unc]ta9 9 its honey-be>+ qualities2 9 "s seasons1 x yields next to none1 & h>dly a bee w be se5 ^u a l>ge field1 :ile 9 o!rs1 x furni%es an extraord9>y supply4 ,! mo/ practical & sci5tific agriculturi/s agree t s f> f be+ an impov]i%+ crop1 x is on _m soils1 "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable t c be rais$4 ,e bee-keep] %\ld h "s 9 ! vic9ity ( 8 hives4 ,! raspb]ry1 x is well kn[n1 is a great favorite ) ! bees2 & ! honey suppli$ by x1 is v delici\s4 ,^? p>ts ( ,new ,engl&1 :i* are hilly & r\gh1 are (t5 cov]$ ) ! wild raspb]ry1 & w\ld furni% food = num]\s colonies ( bees4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ?us f>1 ,i h said no?+ ab\t cultivat+ fl[]s 9 ! g>d51 to supply ! bees ) food4 ,:at c be done 9 ?is way1 is ( sc>cely any acc\nt2 & x w\ld be almo/ z reasonable to expect to furni% food = a /ock ( cattle1 f a small grass plat1 z honey = bees1 f g>d5 plants4 ,! cultivation ( bee-fl[]s is m a matt] ( pleasure ?an pr(it1 to ^? :o l to he> ! happy hum ( ! busy bees1 z !y walk 9 _! g>d5s4 ,x h>dly seems exp$i5t1 at lea/ = ! pres5t1 to cultivate any field crops except su* z are pr(itable 9 !mselves1 )\t any ref]5ce to ! bees4 ,mignonnette is excell5t = bees1 b ( all fl[]s1 none seems to equal ! ,borage4 ,x blossoms 9 ,june1 & cont9ues 9 bloom until sev]e fro/1 & is always cov]$ ) bees1 ev5 9 dull wea!r1 z its p5dant blossoms keep ! honey f ! moi/ure2 ! honey yield$ by x1 is ( a v sup]ior quality4 ,if any plant :i* does n 9 itself make a valuable crop1 w\ld ju/ify cultivation1 !re is no d\bt t borage w\ld4 ,an acre ( x w\ld support a l>ge numb] ( /ocks4 ,if 9 a village ^? :o keep bees w\ld unite toge!r & secure ! s[+ ( an acre1 9 _! imm$iate vic9ity1 ea* p]son pay+ 9 proportion to ! numb] ( /ocks kept1 x might be f\nd pr(itable4 ,! plants %\ld h ab\t two feet ( space e way1 & aft] !y cov]$ ! gr\nd1 w\ld ne$ no fur!r att5tion4 ,!y w\ld come into full blossom1 cultivat$ 9 ?is mann]1 ab\t ! "t t ! :ite clov] beg9s to fail1 & w\ld n only furni% ri* pa/ure = ! bees1 b w\ld keep !m f ! groc]ies & %ops 9 :i* s _m p]i%4 ,if ^? :o are engag$ 9 adorn+ our villages & c\ntry resid5ces ) %ade trees1 w\ld be c>eful to set out a lib]al all[ance ( su* k9ds z are n only beautiful to u1 b attractive to ! bees1 9 process ( "t ! honey res\rces ( ! c\ntry might be v greatly increas$4 ,,ov]/ock+ ,a ,,di/rict ,,) ,,bees4 ,i come n[ to a po9t ( ! v fir/ importance to all int]e/$ 9 ! cultivation ( bees4 ,if ! op9ions :i* ! great majority ( ,am]ican bee-keep]s ent]ta91 are correct1 !n ! keep+ ( bees mu/1 9 our c\ntry1 be always an insignificant pursuit4 ,i confess t ,i f9d x difficult to repress a smile1 :5 ! own] ( a few hives1 9 a di/rict :]e z _m hundr$s might be made to prosp]1 gravely imputes 8 ill success1 to ! fact t too _m bees are kept 9 8 vic9ity6 ,! tru? is1 t z bees are frequ5tly manag$1 !y are ( b little value1 ev5 ?\gh 9 a l& fl[+ ) milk & honey4 ,if 9 ! ,spr+1 a colony ( bees is prosp]\s & heal?y1 7see p4 #bjg7 x w ga!r abundant /ores1 ev5 if hundr$s equally /rong1 are 9 its imm$iate vic9ity1 :ile if x is feeble1 x w be ( little or no value1 ev5 if !re is n ano!r sw>m )9 a doz5 miles ( x4 ,success 9 bee-keep+ requires t a man %\ld be 9 "s ?+s1 a v close imitator ( ,napoleon1 :o always aim$ to h an ov]:elm+ =ce1 at ! "r "t & 9 ! "r place2 s ! bee-keep] mu/ be sure t 8 colonies are num]\s1 j at ! "t :5 _! numb]s c be turn$ to ! be/ acc\nt4 ,if ! bees _c get up _! numb]s until ! honey-h>ve/ is well nigh gone1 numb]s w !n be ( z little s]vice z _m ( ! fam\s armies aga9/ :i* ! soldi] ( ,europe cont5d$2 :i*1 aft] ! =tunes ( ! campaign 7 decid$1 only s]v$ to swell ! triumphant spoils ( ! mighty conqu]or4 ,a bee-keep] ) feeble /ocks 9 ! ,spr+1 :i* become /rong only :5 !re is no?+ to get1 is l a f>m] :o contrives to hire no h&s to reap 8 h>ve/s1 b suff]s ! crops to rot ^u ! gr\nd1 & !n at great exp5se1 hires a numb] ( /alwor? labor]s to idle ab\t 8 premises & eat him out ( h\se & home6 ,i d n believe t !re is a s+le squ>e mile 9 ?is :ole c\ntry1 :i* is ov]/ock$ ) bees1 unless x is "o s unsuitable = bee-keep+ z to make x unpr(itable to attempt x at all4 ,su* an ass]tion w d\btless1 appe> to _m1 v ungu>d$2 & yet x is made advis$ly1 & ,i am happy to be able to confirm x1 by ref]5ce to ! exp]i5ce ( ! l>ge/ cultivators 9 ,europe4 ,! foll[+ lett] f ,mr4 ,wagn]1 w ,i tru/1 d m ?an ,i c possibly d 9 any o!r way1 to %[ our bee-keep]s h[ mi/ak5 !y are 9 _! op9ion z to ! dang] ( ov]/ock+ _! di/ricts1 & also :at l>ge results might be obta9$ f a m ext5sive cultivation ( bees4 ,,york1 ,m>* #af1 #ahec4 ,,de> ,,sir3 ,9 reply to y\r enquiry respect+ ! ov]/ock+ ( a di/rict1 ,i w\ld say t ! pres5t op9ion ( ! correspond5ts ( ! ,bi55zeitung1 appe>s to be t x _c readily be done4 ,dzi]zon says1 9 practice at lea/1 x nev] is done2 & ,dr4 ,radlk(]1 ( ,muni*1 ! ,presid5t ( ! second ,api>ian ,conv5tion1 decl>es t 8 appreh5sions on t score 7 dissipat$ by obs]vations :i* he _h opportunity & occasion to make1 :5 on 8 way home f ! ,conv5tion4 ,i h num]\s acc\nts ( ,api>ies 9 pretty close proximity1 conta9+ f #bjj to #cjj colonies ea*4 ,ehr5fels _h a ?\s& hives1 at ?ree sep>ate e/abli%m5ts inde$1 b s close to ea* o!r t he c\ld visit !m all 9 half an h\r's ride2 & he says t 9 #ahja1 ! av]age net yield ( 8 ,api>ies 0 #b p] hive4 ,9 ,russia & ,hung>y1 ,api>ies numb]+ f #bjjj to #ejjj colonies are said n to be unfrequ5t2 & we "k t z _m z #djjj hives are (t5times congregat$1 9 ,autumn1 at "o po9t on ! hea?s ( ,g]many4 ,h5ce ,i ?9k we ne$ n fe> t any di/rict ( ?is c\ntry1 s di/+ui%$ = abundant natural vegetation & div]sifi$ culture1 w v spe$ily be ov]/ock$1 p>ticul>ly aft] ! importance ( hav+ /ocks popul\s e>ly 9 ! ,spr+1 comes to be duly appreciat$4 ,a week or t5 days ( favorable wea!r1 at t season1 :5 pa/urage ab\nds1 w enable a /rong colony to lay up an ample supply = ! ye>1 if its labor be prop]ly direct$4 ,mr4 ,kad51 "o ( ! able/ contributors to ! ,bi55zeitung1 9 ! numb] = ,decemb]1 #aheb1 notic+ ! communication f ,dr4 ,radlk(]1 says3 ,i also concur 9 ! op9ion t a di/rict ( c\ntry _c be ov]/ock$ ) bees2 & t1 h[ev] num]\s ! colonies1 all c procure suffici5t su/5ance if ! surr\nd+ c\ntry conta9 honey-yield+ plants & vegetables1 9 ! usual degree4 ,:]e utt] b>r5ness prevails1 ! case is diff]5t1 ( c\rse1 z well z r>e4 ,! ,fifte5? ,annual ,meet+ ( ,g]man ,agriculturi/s 0 held 9 ! ,city ( ,hanov]1 on ! #aj? ( ,septemb]1 #aheb1 & 9 compliance ) ! sugge/ions ( ! ,api>ian ,conv5tion1 a di/9ct section devot$ to bee-culture 0 in/itut$4 ,! programme prop\nd$ sixte5 que/ions = discussion1 ! f\r? ( :i* 0 z foll[s3-- ,c a di/rict ( c\ntry embrac+ mead[s1 arable l&1 or*>ds1 & woodl&s or =e/s1 be s ov]/ock$ ) bees1 t ^! may no long] f9d adequate su/5ance & yield a remun]at+ surplus ( _! products8 ,?is "q 0 debat$ ) consid]able animation4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,kle9e1 7n9e-t5?s ( ! correspond5ts ( ! ,bee-,j\rnal are cl]gyman17 ,presid5t ( ! section1 gave x z 8 op9ion t x 0 h>dly conceivable t su* a c\ntry c\ld be ov]/ock$ ) bees4 ,c\nsellor ,h]wig1 & ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,wilk5s1 on ! contr>y1 ma9ta9$ t x might be ov]/ock$4 ,9 reply1 ,assessor ,heyne rem>k$ t :atev] might be suppos$ possible z an extreme case1 x 0 c]ta9 t z reg>ds ! k+dom ( ,hanov]1 x c\ld n be ev5 remotely appreh5d$ t too _m ,api>ies w\ld ev] be e/abli%$2 & t consequ5tly ! greate/ possible multiplication ( colonies might safely be aim$ at & enc\rag$4 ,at ! same "t1 he advis$ a prop] di/ribution ( ,api>ies4 ,i might easily furni% y ) m matt] ( ?is sort1 & designate a consid]able numb] ( ,api>ies 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,g]many1 conta9+ f #be to #ejj colonies4 ,b ! "q w\ld /ill recur1 d n ^! ,api>ies occupy comp>atively isolat$ positions8 & at ?is di/ance f ! sc5e1 x w\ld obvi\sly be impossible to give a p]fectly satisfactory answ]4 ,accord+ to ! /ati/ical tables ( ! k+dom ( ,hannov]1 ! annual production ( bees-wax 9 ! prov9ce ( ,lun5burg1 is #cjj1jjj lbs41 ab\t "o half ( :i* is export$2 & assum+ "o p\nd ( wax z ! yield ( ea* hive1 we mu/ suppose t #cjj1jjj hives are annually brim/on$ 9 ! prov9ce2 & assum+ fur!r1 9 view ( casualties1 local influ5ces1 unfavorable seasons1 c41 t only "o-half ( ! :ole numb] ( colonies ma9ta9$1 produce a sw>m ea*1 e ye>1 x w\ld require a total ( at lea/ #fjj1jjj colonies1 7#ada1 to ea* squ>e mile17 to secure ! result giv5 9 ! tables4 ,! numb] ( squ>e miles /ock$ ev5 to ?is ext5t1 9 ?is c\ntry1 are1 ,i suspect1 few & f> betwe54 ,! ,%ak]s at ,lebanon1 h ab\t #fjj colonies2 b ,i d\bt :e!r a doz5 ,api>ies equally l>ge c be f\nd 9 ! ,union4 ,x is v evid5t1 t ?is c\ntry is f> f be+ ov]/ock$2 nor x is likely t x ev] w be4 ,a ,g]man writ] alleges t ! bees ( ,lun5burg1 pay all ! taxes assess$ on _! proprietors1 & leave a surplus besides4 ,! importance atta*$ to bee-culture acc\nts 9 "p = ! rem>kable fact t ! p ( a di/rict s b>r5 t x has be5 call$ ! ,arabia ( ,g]many1 are almo/ )\t exception 9 easy & com=table circum/ances4 ,c\ld n /ill m favorable results be obta9$ 9 ?is c\ntry "u a rational sy/em ( managem5t1 avail+ itself ( ! aid ( sci5ce1 art & skill8 ,b1 ,i am digress+4 ,my design 0 to furni% y ) an acc\nt ( bee-culture z x exi/s 9 an entire di/rict ( c\ntry1 9 ! h&s ( ! common peasantry4 ,?is ,i ?\ght w\ld be m satisfactory1 & convey a bett] idea ( :at may be done on a l>ge scale1 ?an any numb] ( in/ances :i* might be select$ ( spl5did success 9 isolat$ cases4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,samuel ,,wagn]4 ,,rev4 ,l4 ,l4 ,,lang/ro?4 ,! "q h[ f> bees w fly 9 se>* ( honey1 has be5 v diff]5tly answ]$ by diff]5t ,api>ians4 ,i am satisfi$ t !y w fly ov] ?ree miles 9 se>* ( food1 b ,i believe z a g5]al rule1 t if _! food is n )9 a circle ( ab\t two miles 9 e direction f ! ,api>y1 !y w be able to /ore up b little surplus honey4 ,! ne>]1 ! bett]4 ,9 all my arrangem5ts1 7see p4 #if47 ,i h made x a con/ant /udy to save e /ep = ! bees t ,i possibly c1 economiz+ to ! v utmo/1 _! "t1 :i* w all be transmut$ into honey2 an inspection ( ! ,frontispiece ( ?is treatise w exhibit ! g5]al aspect ( ! alight+ bo>d ( my hives1 & w %[ ! intellig5t ,api>ian1 ) :at ease bees w ent] su* a hive1 ev5 9 v w9dy wea!r4 ,by su* arrangem5ts1 !y w be able to /ore up m honey1 ev5 if !y h to g a consid]able di/ance 9 se>* ( x1 ?an !y w\ld 9 _m o!r hives1 :5 ! honey ab\nd$ 9 _! m imm$iate vic9ity4 ,su* consid]ations are entirely ov]look$1 by mo/ bee-keep]s1 & !y seem to imag9e t !y are matt]s ( no importance4 ,by ! utt] neglect ( any k9d ( precautions to facilitate ! labors ( _! bees1 y might suppose t !y imag9$ ^! delicate insects to be possess$ ( n]ves ( /eel & s9ews ( iron or adamant2 or else t !y took !m = m9iature locomotives1 always fir$ up & capable ( an indef9ite am\nt ( ex]tion4 ,a bee _c put =? m ?an a c]ta9 am\nt ( physical ex]tion1 & if a l>ge portion ( ?is is sp5t 9 absolutely fight+ aga9/ difficulties1 f :i* x might easily be gu>d$1 x mu/ be v obvi\s to any "o :o ?9ks on ! subject at all1 t a great loss mu/ be su/a9$ by its own]4 ,if "s ( ^! ?\ghtless own]s return+ home ) a heavy burd51 7 compell$ to fall d[n /airs half a doz5 times be=e !y c\ld get into ! h\se1 !y might p]haps ?9k x be/ to gu>d _! indu/ri\s work]s aga9/ su* disc\rag+ accid5ts4 ,if bees are toss$ viol5tly ab\t by ! w9ds1 z !y attempt to ent] _! hives1 !y are (t5 fatally injur$1 & ! :ole colony s disc\rag$1 to say no?+ m1 t !y d n ga!r ne> s mu* z !y o!rwise w\ld4 ,! arrangem5t ( my ,protector is su* t ! bees1 if bl[n d[n1 fall ^u a slop+ bank ( s(t grass1 & are able to ent] ! hives )\t mu* inconv5i5ce4 ,j z soon z our cultivators c be conv9c$1 by practical results1 t bee-keep+1 = ! capital inve/$1 may be made a mo/ pr(itable bran* ( rural economy1 !y w see ! importance ( putt+ _! bees into suitable hives1 & ( do+ all t !y c1 to give !m a fair *ance2 until !n1 ! mass ( !m w foll[ ! beat5 track1 & attribute _! ill success1 n to _! own ignorance1 c>elessness or /upidity1 b to _! want ( luck1 or to ! ov]/ock+ ( ! c\ntry ) bees4 ,i hope1 be=e _m ye>s1 to see ! price ( good honey s r$uc$ t ! poor man c place x on 8 table & fea/ ^u x1 z "o ( ! *eape/ luxuries )9 8 rea*4 ,on page #bj1 a /atem5t 0 giv5 ( ,dzi]zon's exp]i5ce z to ! pr(its ( bee-keep+4 ,! section ( c\ntry 9 :i* he resides1 is reg>d$ by him z unfavorable to ,api>ian pursuits4 ,i %all n[ give :at ,i consid] a safe e/imate = almo/ any section 9 our c\ntry2 :ile 9 unusually favorable locations x w fall f> bel[ ! results :i* may be atta9$4 ,x is bas$ ^u ! supposition t ! bees are kept 9 prop]ly con/ruct$ hives s z to be /rong e>ly 9 ! season1 & t ! increase ( /ocks is limit$ to "o new "o f two old ones4 ,"u prop] managem5t1 "o ye> ) ano!r1 ab\t t5 doll>s wor? ( honey may be obta9$ = e two /ocks w9t]$ ov]4 ,! wor? ( ! new colonies1 ,i set (f z an equival5t = labor ( sup]9t5d5ce1 & int]e/ on ! money inve/$ 9 bees1 hives1 fixtures1 c4 ,a c>eful1 prud5t man :o w ent] into bee-keep+ mod]ately at fir/1 & ext5d 8 op]ations only z 8 skill & exp]i5ce increase1 w1 by ! use ( my hives1 f9d t ! prec$+ e/imate is n too l>ge4 ,ev5 on ! ord9>y mode ( bee-keep+1 !re are _m :o w consid] x r bel[ ?an above ! m>k4 ,if ?or\ghly c>eless p]sons are det]m9$ to try _! luck1 z !y call x1 ) bees1 ,i advise !m by all means1 9 m]cy to ! bees1 to adopt ! non-sw>m+ plan4 ,improv$ me?ods ( managem5t ) su* p]sons w be ( little or no use1 unless y c\ld improve _! habits fir/1 & v (t5 _! bra9s too6 ,e doll> t su* p]sons sp5d ^u bees1 unless ) ! slighte/ possible dep>ture f ! old-fa%ion$ plans1 is a doll> worse ?an ?r[n away4 ,9 ^? p>ts ( ,europe :]e bee-keep+ is c>ri$ on ^u ! l>ge/ scale1 ! mass adh]e to ! old sy/em2 ?is !y und]/&1 & by ?is !y secure a c]ta9ty1 :]eas 9 our c\ntry1 ?\s&s h be5 induc$ to ent] ^u ! wilde/ s*emes1 or at lea/ to use hives :i* c\ld n furni% !m ! v in=mation ne$$ = _! successful managem5t4 ,a simple box furni%$ ) my frames1 w enable ! masses1 )\t dep>t+ mat]ially f ! common sy/em1 to increase l>gely ! yield f _! bees4 ,9 addition to ! in=mation giv5 9 ! ,introduction1 respect+ ! success ( ,dzi]zon's sy/em ( managem5t1 ,i h rec5tly asc]ta9$ t "o ( its able/ oppon5ts 9 ,g]many1 has become ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( its sup]ior value4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,norway has appropriat$ #cjj1 p] annum1 = ! ensu+ ?ree ye>s1 t[>ds diffus+ a k ( ,dzi]zon's me?od1 9 t c\ntry2 hav+ previ\sly despat*$ ,mr4 ,hans]1 ,collector ( ,cu/oms1 to ,silesia to visit ,mr4 ,dzi]zon1 & acquire a practical k ( 8 sy/em ( managem5t4 ,he is n[ employ$ 9 di/ribut+ model hives1 9 ! prov9ces1 & imp>t+ in=mation on improv$ bee-culture4 ,,note4--,! "t has h>dly come :5 ! att5tion ( any ( our ,/ate au?orities c be attract$ to ! importance ( bee-culture4 ,x is only ( late t !y h seem$ to manife/ any peculi> int]e/ 9 promot+ ! advancem5t ( agricultural pursuits4 ,a ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ought to h be5 e/abli%$1 ye>s ago1 by ! ,national ,gov]nm5t at ,wa%+ton4 ,let u hope t ! ,adm9i/ration n[ 9 p[]1 w e/abli% a la/+ claim to ! gratitude ( po/]ity1 by tak+ wise & effici5t /eps to advance ! agricultural int]e/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,a ,national ,society to promote ^! int]e/s has rec5tly be5 e/abli%$1 & mu* may be hop$ f its wisdom & en]gy4 ,until "s dis9t]e/$ tribunal c be e/abli%$1 be=e :i* all inv5tions & discov]ies c be fairly te/$1 hone/ m5 w suff]1 & ignorance & impo/ure w cont9ue to fl\ri%4 ,ly+ adv]tisem5ts & ! plausible misrepres5tations ( braz5-fac$ impo/ors1 w /ill dra9 ! purses ( ! cr$ul\s1 :ile ?\s&s1 disgu/$ ) ! horde ( impositions :i* are palm$ (f ^u ! community1 w settle d[n into a dogg$ det]m9ation to try no?+ new4 ,a society be=e :i* e ?+1 claim+ to be an improvem5t 9 rural economy1 c\ld be fairly te/$1 w\ld und\bt$ly be %unn$ by ignorant & unpr9cipl$ m51 :o n[ f9d x an easy task to procure any numb] ( c]tificates1 b :o dread no?+ s mu* z hone/ & intellig5t inve/igation4 ,! reports ( su* a society aft] ! mo/ ?or\gh trials & exam9ations1 w\ld inspire confid5ce1 save ! community f sev]e losses1 & enc\rage ! able/ m9ds to devote _! be/ en]gies to ! improvem5t ( agricultural implem5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,ang] ,,( ,,bees4 ,,rem$y ,,= ,,_! ,,/+4 ,,bee-,,dress4 ,,in/9cts ,,( ,,bees4 ,if ! bee 0 dispos$ to use1 )\t any provocation1 ! effective weapon ) :i* x has be5 provid$1 its dome/ication w\ld be entirely out ( ! "q4 ,! same rem>k h[ev]1 is equally true ( ! ox1 ! horse or ! dog4 ,if ^! fai?ful s]vants ( man 7 respectively det]m9$ to use1 to ! v utmo/ _! horns1 _! heels & _! tee?1 to 8 injury1 he w\ld nev] h be5 able to subject !m to 8 peaceful au?ority4 ,! g5tl5ess ( ! honey-bee1 :5 k9dly treat$1 & manag$ by ^? :o prop]ly und]/& its in/9cts1 has 9 ?is treatise be5 frequ5tly spok5 (1 & is truly a/oni%+4 ,!y w1 especially 9 sw>m+ "t1 or :5ev] !y are gorg$ ) honey1 all[ any am\nt ( h&l+ :i* does n hurt !m1 )\t ! slighte/ %[ ( ang]4 ,= ! gratification ( o!rs1 ,i h frequ5tly tak5 !m up1 by h&fuls1 suff]$ !m to run ov] my face1 & ev5 smoo!d d[n _! glossy backs z !y re/$ on my p]son6 ,/&+ be=e ! hives1 ,i h1 by a rapid sweep ( my h&s1 caught numb]s ( !m at once1 j z ?\gh !y 7 s _m h>mless flies1 & all[$ !m1 "o by "o1 to crawl out1 by ! smalle/ op5+1 to ! light ( day2 & ,i h ev5 gone s f> z to imitate _m ( ! feats :i* ! celebrat$ ,engli% ,api>ian1 ,wildman1 0 accu/om$ to p]=m2 :o hav+ once secur$ ! que5 ( a hive1 c\ld make ! bees clu/] on 8 head1 or hang1 l a fl[+ be>d1 9 l>ge fe/oons1 f 8 *94 ,wildman1 = a long "t1 made z great a my/]y ( 8 wond]ful p]=mances1 z ! _s-rapp]s ( ! pres5t day1 d ( !irs2 b at la/1 he 0 induc$ to expla9 8 :ole mode ( proc$ure2 & ! magic control :i* he possess$ ov] ! bees1 & :i* 01 by ! ignorant1 ascrib$ to 8 hav+ bewit*$ !m1 0 f\nd to be ow+ entirely to 8 sup]ior acqua9tance ) _! in/9cts1 & 8 uncommon dext]ity & boldness4 ,su* 0 ! spell1 :i* r\nd a ,wildman's arm ,tw9'd 9 d>k wrea?s ! fasc9at$ sw>m2 ,bright o'er 8 brea/ ! glitt]+ legions l$1 ,or ) a liv+ g>l& b\nd 8 head4 ,8 dextr\s h&1 ) firm yet hurtless hold1 ,c\ld seize ! *ief1 kn[n by h] scales ( gold1 ,prune 'mid ! wond]+ tra9 h] filmy w+1 ,or o'er h] folds ! silk5 fett] fl+4 ,evans4 ,m4 ,lomb>d1 a skillful ,fr5* ,api>ian n>rates ! foll[+ int]e/+ occurr5ce1 :i* %[s h[ peaceable bees are 9 sw>m+ "t1 & h[ easily manag$ by ^? :o h bo? skill & confid5ce4 ,a "y girl ( my acqua9tance1 he says1 0 greatly afraid ( bees1 b 0 completely cur$ ( h] fe> by ! foll[+ incid5t4 ,a sw>m hav+ come (f1 ,i obs]v$ ! que5 alight by h]self at a little di/ance f ! ,api>y4 ,i imm$iately call$ my little fri5d t ,i might %[ h] ! que52 %e wi%$ to see h] m ne>ly1 s aft] hav+ caus$ h] to put on h] gloves1 ,i gave ! que5 into h] h&4 ,we 7 9 an in/ant surr\nd$ by ! :ole bees ( ! sw>m4 ,9 ?is em]g5cy ,i enc\rag$ ! girl to be /eady1 bidd+ h] be sil5t & fe> no?+1 & rema9+ myself close by h]2 ,i !n made h] /ret* out h] "r h&1 :i* held ! que51 & cov]$ h] head & %\ld]s ) a v ?9 h&k]*ief4 ,! sw>m soon fix$ on h] h& & hung f x1 z f ! bran* ( a tree4 ,! little girl 0 delight$ above measure at ! novel sight1 & s entirely fre$ f all fe>1 t %e bade me uncov] h] face4 ,! spectators 7 *>m$ ) ! int]e/+ spectacle4 ,at l5g? ,i br\ght a hive1 & %ak+ ! sw>m f ! *ild's h&1 x 0 lodg$ 9 safety1 & )\t inflict+ a s+le w\nd4 ,! indisposition ( bees to /+1 :5 sw>m+1 is a fact famili> to e practical bee-keep]3 b ,i h n 9 all my read+ or acqua9tance ) ,api>ians1 ev] met ) a s+le obs]vation :i* has conv9c$ me t ! philosophy ( ?is /range fact 0 ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 ,i am ! only p]son :o has ev] asc]ta9$ t :5 bees are fill$ ) honey1 !y lose all disposition to volunte] an assault1 & :o has made ?is curi\s law ! f\ndation ( an ext5sive & valuable sy/em ( practical managem5t4 ,x 0 only aft] ,i _h ?or\ghly te/$ its univ]sality & importance1 t ,i began to feel ! desirabl5ess ( obta9+ a p]fect control ov] ea* comb 9 ! hive2 = x 0 only !n t ,i saw t su* control might be made available1 9 ! h&s ( any "o :o c\ld manage bees 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! result ( my :ole sy/em1 is to make ! bees unusually g5tle1 s t !y are n only peaceable :5 any necess>y op]ation is be+ p]=m$1 b at all o!r times4 ,ev5 if ,i c\ld op5 hives & safely manage at pleasure1 /ill if ! result ( su* proce$+s 0 to leave ! bees 9 an excit$ /ate1 s z to make !m unusually irritable1 x w\ld all avail b v little4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o difficulty 9 manag+ bees s z n to incur ! risk ( be+ /ung at all1 :i* atta*es to e sy/em ( bee-culture4 ,if an ,api>y is approa*$ :5 ! bees are out 9 great numb]s1 ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s w cont9ue _! busy pursuits )\t at all int]f]+ ) ^? :o d n mole/ !m4 ,frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 !re w be a few cross bees :i* come buzz+ ar\nd our e>s1 & seem det]m9$ to /+ )\t ! v slighte/ provocation4 ,f su* lawless bees no p]son )\t a bee-dress is absolutely safe4 ,by repeat$ exam9ations ,i h asc]ta9$ t disease is ! cause ( su* unreasonable irritability4 ,i am nev] afraid t a heal?y bee w attack me unless unusually provok$2 & am always sure z soon z ,i he> "o s++ ab\t my e>s t x is incurably diseas$4 ,if su* a bee is dissect$ x w be f\nd to exhibit ! unmi/akable evid5ce t a peculi> k9d ( dys5t]y has already fa/5$ ^u its sy/em4 ,9 ! fir/ /ages ( ?is compla9t ! insect is v irritable1 refuses to labor1 & seems unable or unwill+ to di/+ui% fri5d f foe4 ,z ! disease progresses1 x becomes /upid1 its body swells up1 & is fill$ ) a great mass ( yell[ matt]1 & be+ unable to fly1 x crawls on ! gr\nd1 9 front ( ! hive1 & spe$ily p]i%es4 ,i h nev] be5 able to asc]ta9 ! cause ( ?is s+ul> malady1 nor c ,i sugge/ any rem$y = x4 ,i hope t "s sci5tific ,api>ians w inve/igate x closely1 = if x c\ld only be rem$i$1 we might h hundr$s ( colonies on our premises & 9 our g>d5s1 & yet be p]fectly safe4 ,a p]son ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! lead+ pr9ciples ( bee-culture z !y are set =? 9 ?is ,manual1 w nev] "u any circum/ances f9d x necess>y to provoke to fury a colony ( bees4 ,let x be rememb]$ t no?+ c be m t]ribly v9dictive ?an a family ( bees :5 ?or\ghly ar\s$ by gross abuse or unskillful treatm5t4 ,let _! hive be sudd5ly ov]?r[n or viol5tly j>r$1 or let !m be provok$ by ! pres5ce ( a sweaty horse1 or any animal (f5sive to !m1 s t ! ang] at fir/ manife/$ by a few1 is ext5d$ to ! :ole community1 & ! mo/ sev]e & sometimes dang]\s consequ5ces may ensue4 ,9 ! same way 9 ! managem5t ( ! animals mo/ useful to man1 by ignorance or abuse1 !y may be r\s$ to a /ate ( frantic desp]ation1 & limbs may be brok51 & (t5 lives de/roy$2 & yet no "o possess$ ( common s5se1 attributes su* calamities1 except 9 v r>e in/ances1 to any ?+ else ?an c>elessness or want ( skill4 ,let x be rememb]$ t ev5 ! mo/ peaceable /ock ( bees c1 9 a v few days1 by abusive treatm5t be taught to look on e liv+ ?+ z an enemy1 & to sally =? ) ! mo/ spiteful int5tions1 z soon z any "o approa*es _! domicile4 ,h[ (t5 does x happ5 t ! vici\s bea/1 :i* its own] s passionately belabors1 is f> less to blame = its ob/9acy1 ?an ! equally vici\s brute :o s unm]cifully beats x6 ,a ^w n[ to ^? timid females :o are almo/ ready to fa9t1 or to g into hy/]ics if a bee ent]s ! h\se1 or approa*es !m 9 ! g>d5 or fields4 ,su* al>m is entirely uncall$ =4 ,x is only 9 ! vic9ity ( _! homes1 & 9 resi/ance to :at !y consid] an evil design ^u _! v alt>s & firesides t ^! insects ev] volunte] an attack4 ,away f home1 !y are z peaceably incl9$ z y c\ld desire4 ,if y attack !m1 !y are mu* m eag] to escape ?an to (f] y any annoyance1 & !y c be induc$ to /+1 only :5 !y are compress$1 ei!r by accid5t or design4 ,let n any ( my read]s ?9k t !y h ev5 a slight enc\ragem5t1 f ?is conduct ( ! bee1 to res]ve all _! sweet smiles & honi$ words = ! _w abroad1 :ile !y give free v5t1 9 ! sacr$ prec9cts ( home1 to ill-natur$ looks & ill-temp]$ language2 = t[>ds ! occupants ( its honi$ dome1 ! bee is all k9dness & affection4 ,9 ! exp]i5ce ( _m ye>s ,i nev] saw an in/ance 9 :i* two bees1 memb]s ( ! same family1 ev] seem$ to be actuat$ by any b ! v k9de/ feel+s t[>d ea* o!r4 ,9 _! busy ha/e !y (t5 jo/le aga9/ ea* o!r1 b :]e e ?+ is well meant1 e ?+ is well receiv$3 t5s ( ?\s&s all live toge!r 9 ! sweete/ h>mony & peace1 :5 v (t5 if !re are only two or ?ree *ildr5 9 a family1 ! :ole h\sehold is torm5t$ by _! con/ant bick]+s & cont5tion4 ,among ! bees ! good "m is ! honor$ que5 ( h] happy family2 !y all wait ^u h] /eps ) unb\nd$ rev]5ce & affection1 make way = h] z %e moves ov] ! combs1 smoo? & bru% h] beautiful plumes1 (f] h] food f "t to "t1 & 9 %ort d all t !y possibly c to make h] p]fectly happy2 :ile too (t5 *ildr5 treat _! mo!rs ) irrev]5ce or neglect1 & in/ead ( /riv+ ) lov+ zeal to light5 _! labors & save _! /eps1 !y treat !m m z ?\gh !y 7 s]vants hir$ only to wait ^u e :im & to humor e caprice4 ,let u pause = a mom5t1 & contemplate fur!r ! admirable arrangem5t by :i* ! in/9ct ( ! bee :i* disposes x to def5d its treasures1 is made s p]fectly compatible ) ! safety bo? ( man & ! dome/ic animals "u 8 c>e4 ,suppose t away f home1 bees 7 z easily provok$1 z !y are 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( _! hives1 :at w\ld become ( our dome/ic animals among ! clov] fields 9 ! pa/ures8 ,a ti! ( ! m]ry gambols !y n[ s safely indulge 91 w\ld spe$ily br+ ab\t !m a sw>m ( ^! infuriat$ insects4 ,9 all our rambles among ! gre5 fields1 we %\ld con/antly be 9 p]il2 & no jocund m[] w\ld ev] :et 8 glitt]+ scy!1 or sw+ 8 peaceful weapon1 unless fir/ clad 9 a dress imp]vi\s to _! /+s4 ,9 %ort1 ! bee1 in/ead ( be+ ! fri5d ( man1 w\ld be "o ( 8 mo/ vexati\s enemies1 & z has be5 ! case ) ! wolves & ! be>s1 e ef=t w\ld be made = _! utt] ext]m9ation4 ,! /+ ( a bee (t5 produces v pa9ful1 & ^u "s p]sons1 v dang]\s effects4 ,i am p]suad$1 f ! result ( my own obs]vation1 t ! bee seldom /+s ^? ^: sy/ems are n s5sitive to its v5om1 :ile x seems to take a special & malici\s pleasure 9 attack+ ^? ^u :om x produces ! mo/ pa9ful effects6 ,x may be t some?+ 9 ! secretions ( su* p]sons bo? provokes ! attack1 & causes its consequ5ces to be m sev]e4 ,i %\ld n advise p]sons ^u ^: sy/em ! /+ ( a bee produces ! mo/ agoniz+ pa91 & viol5t1 if n dang]\s symptoms1 to devote any att5tion to ! practical "p ( an ,api>y2 al?\gh ,i am acqua9t$ ) a lady :o is ?us sev]ely affect$1 & :o yet1 /range to say1 is a great en?usia/ 9 ,api>ian pursuits6 ,i h met ) individuals1 ^u :om a /+ produc$ ! s+ul> effect ( caus+ _! brea? to smell l ! v5om ( ! enrag$ insect6 ,! smell ( ! poison resembles almo/ p]fectly t ( a ripe banana4 ,x produces a v irritat+ effect ^u ! bees !mselves2 = if a m9ute drop ( x is ext5d$ to !m1 on a /ick1 !y at once manife/ ! mo/ decid$ ang]4 ,x is well kn[n t ! bee is a lov] ( sweet odors1 & t unpleasant ones are v apt to excite its ang]4 ,& "h ,i may z well speak pla9ly1 & say t bees h a special dislike to p]sons ^: habits are n cleanly1 & p>ticul>ly to ^? :o be> ab\t !m1 a p]fume n 9 ! v lea/ resembl+ ^? ,sabean odors ,f ! spicy %ores ( ,araby ! ble/1 ( :i* ! poet s beautifully disc\rses4 ,^? :o belong to ! family ( ! great unwa%$1 w f9d to _! co/ t bees are decid$ foes to all ( _! tribe4 ,! peculi> odor ( "s p]sons1 h[ev] cleanly1 may acc\nt = ! fact t ! bees h su* a decid$ antipa?y to _! pres5ce1 9 ! vic9ity ( _! hives4 ,x is relat$ ( an en?usia/ic ,api>ian1 t aft] a long & sev]e attack ( fev]1 he 0 nev] able to take any m pleasure 9 8 bees2 8 secretions seem to h und]gone "s *ange1 s t ! bees assail$ him z soon z he v5tur$ to approa* _! hives4 ,no?+ is m (f5sive to bees ?an ! impure brea? exhal$ f human lungs2 x excites !m at once to fury4 ,w\ld t 9 _! hatr$ = impure air1 human be+s _h only a ti! ( ! sagacity ex]cis$ by bees6 ,x w\ld n be long be=e ! ?\ght ( brea?+ air load$ ) all mann] ( impurities f human lungs1 to say no?+ ( its loss ( oxyg51 w\ld excite unutt]able loa?+ & disgu/4 ,z ! smell ( a sweaty horse is v (f5sive to ! bees1 x is nev] safe to all[ ^! animals to g ne> a hive1 z !y are sometimes attack$ & kill$ by ! furi\s insects4 ,^? engag$ 9 bee-culture on a l>ge scale1 w d well to enclose _! ,api>ies ) a /rong f5ce1 s z to prev5t cattle f mole/+ ! hives4 ,if ! ,api>y is enclos$ by a high f5ce1 ) %>p & /rong pickets1 & ! door is furni%$ ) a /rong lock1 x w prev5t ! losses :i* 9 "s localities are s common f human pilf]]s4 ,su* losses may be gu>d$ aga9/1 by fa/5+ a wr\ght iron r+ into ! top ( ea* hive1 well cl9*$ on ! inside2 an iron rod may run ?r\gh ^! r+s1 & ?us ) two padlocks & fixtures1 7"o at ea* end17 a doz5 or m hives may be secur$4 ,i am happy to say t 9 mo/ localities su* precautions are entirely unnecess>y4 ,a place 9 :i* ! /eal+ ( honey & fruit is practic$ by any except ^? :o are c&idates = ,/ate's ,prison1 is 9 a fair way ( be+ soon consid]$ z a v undesirable place ( resid5ce4 ,if own]s ( ,api>ies1 g>d5s & or*>ds1 c\ld be induc$ to pursue a m lib]al policy1 & n be s meanly p5uri\s z !y (t5 are1 ,i am p]suad$ t !y w\ld f9d x conduce v highly to _! int]e/s4 ,! honey & fruit exp5d$ ) a *e]ful1 he>ty lib]ality1 w\ld be m ?an repaid to !m 9 ! good w secur$1 & 9 ! end w\ld co/ mu* less ?an b>s & bolts4 ,read]6 d n imag9e t ,i h ! lea/ idea t a ?or\ghly selfi% man1 c ev] be made to practice ?is or any o!r doctr9e ( b5evol5ce4 ,demon/rate x aga9 & aga91 until ev5 to 8 n>r[ & contract$ view x seems almo/ z cle> z light1 /ill he w nev] f9d ! he>t to r$uce x to practice4 ,y might almo/ z well expect to trans=m an inc>nate fi5d into an angel ( light1 by demon/rat+ t ,wisdom's ways are ways ( pleasantness1 :ile ! pa? ( ! transgressor is h>d1 z to attempt to /amp ^u a he>t encru/$ ) ! adamant ( selfi%ness1 ! noble impress ( a lib]al _s4 ,( all ! s5ses1 t ( smell 9 ! bee1 seems to be ! mo/ p]fect4 ,hub] has demon/rat$ its exce$+ acut5ess1 by num]\s int]e/+ exp]im5ts4 ,if honey is plac$ 9 vessels f :i* ! odor c escape1 b 9 :i* x _c be se51 ! bees w soon alight ^u !m & eag]ly attempt to f9d an entrance4 ,x is by ?is s5se1 unque/ionably1 t !y recognize ! memb]s ( _! own community1 al?\gh x seems to u v s+ul> t ea* colony %\ld h its own peculi> sc5t4 ,n only c two colonies be safely unit$ by giv+ !m ! same odor1 b 9 ! same way any numb] ( colonies may be made to live 9 p]fect peace4 ,if hundr$s ( hives are all connect$ by gauze wire v5tilators1 s t ! air passes freely f "o to ano!r1 ! bees w all live 9 absolute h>mony1 & if any bee attempts to ent] ! wrong hive1 he w n be mole/$4 ,! same result c (t5 be atta9$ by fe$+ colonies f a common vessel4 ,i h se5 lit]ally hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( bees t aft] be+ treat$ 9 ?is way s z to acquire ! same odor1 7 always g5tle t[>ds ea* o!r1 :ile if a s+le bee f a /range ,api>y1 lit ^u ! fe$]1 x 0 sure to be kill$4 ,i h describ$1 7p4 #bac17 ! use :i* ,i make ( pepp]m9t1 9 ord] to prev5t bees f qu>rel+ :5 !y are unit$4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,kle9e1 7see p4 #cei17 9 a rec5t numb] ( ! ,bi55zeitung1 has recomm5d$ ! use ( ano!r article1 :i* he f9ds to be v useful 9 prev5t+ robb+4 ,8 /atem5t w\ld h come 9 m appropriately 9 ! ,*apt] on ,robb+1 b 0 n receiv$ until too late4 ,he says t ! mo/ conv5i5t & effectual mode ( arre/+ & repell+ ! attacks ( robb]s1 is1 to imp>t to ! attack$ hive "s int5sely p[]ful & unaccu/om$ odor4 ,he effects ?is mo/ readily1 by plac+ a small portion ( musk 9 ! attack$ hive1 late 9 ! ev5+1 :5 all ! robb]s h retreat$4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+1 ! bees1 7provid$ !y h a heal?y que517 w promptly & boldly meet _! assailants1 & ^! 9 turn are non-pluss$ by ! unwont$ odor1 & if any ( !m ent] ! hive & c>ry (f "s ( ! covet$ booty1 !y w n be recogniz$ nor receiv$ at home on _! return1 on acc\nt ( _! /range smell1 b w be at once seiz$ z /rang]s1 & kill$ by _! own h\sehold4 ,?us ! robb+ is spe$ily br\ght to a close4 ,9 comb9ation ) my blocks1 ?is device might be made v effectual4 ,:5 ! ,api>ian p]ceives t a hive is be+ robb$1 let him %ut up ! entrance3 be=e dusk he c op5 x & all[ ! robb]s to g home1 & !n3 put 9 a small piece ( musk3 ! entrance next day may be kept s contract$ t only a s+le bee c ent] at once4 ,9 ! union ( /ocks ! same sub/ance might be us$ advantage\sly4 ,a %ort "t be=e ! process is attempt$1 ea* colony might h a small dose ( musk 7a piece ( musk ti$ up 9 a little bag17 & !y w\ld !n be sure to agree4 ,i pref]1 h[ev]1 9 mo/ cases1 ! use ( sc5t$ sug>-wat]4 ,by us+ my d\ble hives1 & putt+ a small piece ( gauze-wire on an op5+ made 9 ! p>tition1 ! two colonies hav+ ! same sc5t w always agree2 ?is w be v conv5i5t :]e !y are compell$ to live z su* ne> neighbors1 & enables ! ,api>ian at any "t to unite !m & appropriate _! surplus /ores4 ,^! d\ble hives are admirably adapt$ to ! wants ( ^? :o wi% to make ! smalle/ possible dep>ture f ! old sy/em1 z !y ne$ make no *ange1 except to unite ! /ocks in/ead ( kill+ ! bees4 ,i h already rem>k$ t no op]ation %\ld ev] be attempt$ ^u bees1 by :i* a :ole colony is liable to be excit$ to an ungov]nable pit* ( fury4 ,su* op]ations are nev] necess>y2 & a skillful ,api>ian w1 by avail+ himself ( ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ?is ,treatise1 bo? easily & safely d ev]y?+ t is at all desirable1 ev5 to ! driv+ ( a p[]ful colony f an old box hive4 ,:5 bees are improp]ly dealt )1 !y w compass _! assailant ab\t1 ) ! mo/ savage f]ocity1 & woe be to him if !y c creep up 8 clo!s1 or f9d on 8 p]son a s+le unprotect$ spot6 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 n provok$ by fooli% managem5t or wanton abuse1 ! few :o are b5t on mis*ief1 appe> to reta9 /ill "s t\* ( grace1 amid all _! desp]ation4 ,l ! ?or\gh br$ scold1 :o by ! elevat$ pit* ( h] voice1 (t5 gives timely w>n+ to ^? :o w\ld escape f ! %>p sword ( h] tongue1 a bee b5t ^u mis*ief raises its note almo/ an octave above ! peaceable pit*1 & usually gives u timely w>n+1 t x means to /+1 if x c4 ,ev5 !n1 x w seldom proce$ to extremities1 unless x c leave its /+ some:]e ^u ! face ( its victim1 & usually z ne> z possible to ! eye2 = bees & all o!r memb]s ( ! /++ tribe1 seem to h1 z x 71 an intuitive p]ception t ?is is ! mo/ vuln]able spot ^u ! human face div9e4 ,if ! head is quietly l[]$1 & ! face cov]$ ) ! h&s1 !y w (t5 foll[ a p]son = "s rods1 all ! "t s\nd+ _! w> note 9 8 e>s1 taunt+ him = 8 sneak+ conduct1 & d>+ him1 j = "o s+le mom5t1 to look up & all[ !m to cat* b a glimpse ( 8 c[>d face6 ,if a p]son is sudd5ly attack$ by angry bees1 no matt] h[ num]\s or v9dictive !y may be1 n ! slighte/ attempt %\ld ev] be made to act on ! (f5sive4 ,if a s+le bee is viol5tly /ruck at1 a doz5 w soon be on h& to av5ge ! insult1 & if ! resi/ance is /ill cont9u$1 hundr$s & at la/ ?\s&s w jo9 9 ! attack4 ,! assail$ p>ty %\ld quickly retreat f ! vic9ity ( ! hives1 to ! protection ( a build+1 or if none is ne>1 he %\ld hide himself 9 a clump ( bu%es1 & lie p]fectly /ill1 ) 8 head cov]$1 until ! bees leave him4 ,,rem$ies ,,= ,,! ,,/+ ,,( ,a ,,bee4 ,if only a few ( ! ho/ ( rem$ies1 s zeal\sly advocat$1 c\ld be made effectual1 few p]sons w\ld h mu* reason to dread be+ /ung4 ,mo/ ( !m1 h[ev]1 are ( no mann] ( use :atev]4 ,l ! prescriptions ( ! quack1 !y are absolutely worse ?an do+ no?+ at all4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be done aft] be+ /ung1 is to pull ! /+ out ( ! w\nd z quickly z possible4 ,ev5 aft] x is torn f ! body ( ! bee1 7see p4 #fj17 ! muscles :i* control x1 are 9 active op]ation1 & x p5etrates deep] & deep] into ! fle%1 inject+ cont9ually m & m ( its poison into ! w\nd4 ,e ,api>ian %\ld h ab\t 8 p]son1 or close at h&1 a small piece ( look+-glass1 s t he may be able ) ! lea/ possible delay to f9d & remove a /+4 ,9 mo/ cases if x is at once remov$1 x w produce no s]i\s consequ5ces2 :]eas if suff]$ to empty all its vials ( wra?1 x may cause great inflammation & sev]e suff]+4 ,aft] ! /+ is remov$1 ! utmo/ possible c>e %\ld be tak51 n to irritate ! w\nd by ! v slighte/ rubb+4 ,h[ev] int5se ! sm>t+1 & ( c\rse ! disposition to apply friction to ! w\nd1 x %\ld nev] be done1 z ! poison w at once be c>ri$ ?r\gh ! circulat+ sy/em1 & sev]e consequ5ces may ensue4 ,z mo/ ( ! popul> rem$ies are rubb$ 91 !y are ( c\rse worse ?an no?+4 ,be c>eful n to suck ! w\nd z s _m p]sons d2 ?is produces irritation 9 ! same way ) rubb+4 ,:o does n "k t a musquito bite1 ev5 aft] ! lapse ( sev]al days1 may be br\ght to life aga91 by viol5t rubb+ or suck+8 ,! mom5t t ! blood is put into a viol5t & unnatural circulation1 ! poison is quickly diffus$ ov] a consid]able "p ( ! sy/em4 ,if ! m\? is appli$ to ! w\nd1 o!r unpleasant consequ5ces may ensue4 ,:ile ! poison ( mo/ snakes & _m o!r noxi\s animals affects only ! circulat+ sy/em1 & may !re=e be swall[$ ) impunity1 ! poison ( ! bee acts p[]fully1 n only ^u ! circulat+ sy/em1 b ^u ! organs ( dige/ion4 ,! mo/ di/ress+ head-a*es are (t5 produc$ by x4 ,f my own exp]i5ce1 ,i recomm5d cold wat] z ! v be/ rem$y ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 = ! /+ ( a bee4 ,x is (t5 appli$ 9 ! %ape ( a pla/] ( mud1 b may be bett] us$ by wett+ clo?s & hold+ !m g5tly to ! w\nd4 ,cold wat] seems to act 9 two ways4 ,! poison ( ! bee be+ v volatile1 is quickly dissolv$ 9 wat]2 & ! coldness ( ! wat] has also a p[]ful t5d5cy to *eck inflammation & to prev5t ! virus f be+ tak5 up by ! absorb5ts & c>ri$ ?r\gh ! sy/em4 ,! leaves ( ! planta91 cru%$ & appli$ to ! w\nd1 w answ] z a v good sub/itute :5 wat] _c at once be procur$4 ,! broad-leaf$ planta91 or z "s call x1 ! toad planta91 is reg>d$ by _m z possess+ a v great efficacy4 ,bevan recomm5ds ! use ( spirits ( h>t%orn1 appli$ to ! w\nd1 & says t 9 cases ( sev]e /++ its int]nal use is b5eficial4 ,:atev] rem$y is appli$1 %\ld be us$ if possible1 )\t a mom5t's delay4 ,! imm$iate extraction ( ! /+1 w be f\nd1 ev5 if no?+ m is done1 mu* m efficaci\s ?an any rem$y t c be appli$1 aft] x has be5 all[$ to rema9 & dis*>ge all its v5om into ! w\nd4 ,x may be "s com=t to ^? :o are anxi\s to cultivate bees1 to "k t aft] a :ile ! poison w produce less & less effect ^u _! sy/em4 ,:5 ,i fir/ became int]e/$ 9 bees1 a /+ 0 q a =midable ?+1 ! pa9 (t5 be+ v int5se1 & ! w\nd swell+ s z sometimes to ob/ruct my sight4 ,at pres5t1 ! pa9 is usually slight1 & if ,i c only succe$ 9 quickly extract+ ! /+1 no unpleasant consequ5ces ensue1 ev5 if no rem$ies are us$4 ,hui% speaks ( see+ ! bald head ( ,bonn]1 a celebrat$ practical ,api>ian1 l9$ ) bee /+s :i* seem$ to produce ^u him no unpleasant effects4 ,l ,mi?ridates1 k+ ( ,pontus1 he seem$ almo/ to ?rive ^u poison itself6 ,i h met ) a highly amus+ rem$y v gravely prop\nd$ by an old ,engli% ,api>ian4 ,i m5tion x m z a matt] ( curiosity1 ?an because ,i imag9e t any ( my read]s w be likely to make trial ( x4 ,he says1 let ! p]son :o has be5 /ung1 cat* z spe$ily z possible1 ano!r bee1 & make x /+ on ! same spot6 ,x requires "s c\rage ev5 9 an en?usia/ic disciple ( ,hub]1 to v5ture ^u su* a s+ul> homeopa?ic rem$y2 b z ?is old writ] _h previ\sly /at$ t ! (t5] a p]son 0 /ung1 ! less he suff]$ f ! v5om1 & z ,i _h prov$1 9 my own exp]i5ce1 ! tru? ( ?is ass]tion1 ,i det]m9$ to make trial ( 8 rem$y4 ,i all[$ a bee to /+ me ^u ! f+] & suff]$ ! /+ to rema9 until x _h dis*>g$ all its v5om4 ,i !n compell$ ano!r bee to ins]t its /+ z ne> z possible 9 ! same spot4 ,i us$ no rem$ies ( any k9d1 & _h ! satisfaction1 9 my zeal = new discov]ies1 ( suff]+ m f ! pa9 & swell+1 ?an ,i _h previ\sly exp]i5c$ = ye>s4 ,an old writ] recomm5ds a p[d] ( dri$ bees1 = di/ress+ cases ( /oppages2 & "s ( ! highe/ m$ical au?orities h rec5tly recomm5d$ a tea made by p\r+ boil+ wat] ^u bees1 = ! same compla9t1 :ile ! homeopa?ic physicians employ ! poison ( ! bee1 :i* !y call apis1 = a great v>iety ( maladies4 ,t x is capable ( produc+ int5se head-a*es any "o :o has be5 /ung1 or :o has ta/$ ! poison1 v well kn[s4 ,,bee-,,dress4 ,timid ,api>ians1 & all :o are liable to suff] sev]ely f ! /+ ( a bee1 %\ld by all means furni% !mselves ) ! protection ( a bee-dress4 ,! great objection to gauze-wire veils or o!r mat]ials ( :i* su* a dress has be5 usually made1 is t !y ob/ruct cle> vision1 s highly important 9 all op]ations1 besides produc+ su* excessive heat & p]spiration1 z to make ! ,api>ian peculi>ly (f5sive to ! bees4 ,i pref] to use :at ,i %all call a bee-hat1 ( entirely novel con/ruction4 ,x is made ( wire clo?1 ! me%es ( :i* are too f9e to admit a bee1 & yet co>se en\gh to all[ a free circulation ( air1 & to p]mit di/9ct sight4 ,! wire clo? %\ld fir/ be fa/5$ toge!r 9 a circul> %ape1 l a hat1 & l>ge en\gh to g v easily ov] ! head2 its top may be ( cotton clo?1 & x %\ld h ! same mat]ial fa/5$ ar\nd its l[] edge1 & furni%$ ) /r+s to draw x s closely ar\nd ! neck & %\ld]s t a bee _c creep "u x4 ,wool5 /ock+s may !n be drawn ov] ! h&s1 or bett] /ill1 ,india ,rubb] gloves1 su* z are n[ 9 v common use1 may be worn2 ^! gloves are imp5etrable to ! /+ ( a bee1 & yet are s s(t & pliant z sc>cely 9 ! lea/ to int]f]e ) ! op]ations ( ! ,api>ian4 ,if x 7 n = ! diseas$ bees ( :i* ,i h sev]al times spok51 su* precautions w\ld be entirely unnecess>y4 ,! be/ ,api>ians z x is1 disp5se ) !m1 ev5 at ! co/ ( a /+ n[ & !n4 ,,in/9cts ,,( ,,bees4 ,?is treatise has already gr[n to su* a l5g?1 t ,i mu/ be exce$+ly brief on a po9t peculi>ly int]e/+ to all :o delight 9 inve/igat+ ! wond]s ( ! insect _w4 ,9 ! prec$+ p>ts ( ! "w1 num]\s pro(s h be5 giv5 ( ! ref9$ in/9cts ( ! bee4 ,x is impossible always to draw ! l9e betwe5 in/9ct & reason1 & v (t5 "s ( ! actions ( animals & insects appe> to be ! result ( a process ( reason+ app>5tly almo/ ! same ) ! ex]cise ( ! reason+ faculty 9 man4 ,!re is ?is diff]5ce says ,mr4 ,sp5ce1 betwe5 intellect 9 man1 & ! re/ ( ! animal creation4 ,_! intellect tea*es !m to foll[ ! lead ( _! s5ses1 & to make su* use ( ! ext]nal _w z _! appetites or in/9cts incl9e !m to1--& ?is is _! wisdom3 :ile ! intellect ( man1 be+ associat$ ) an immortal pr9ciple1 & connect$ ) a _w above t :i* 8 s5ses reveal to him1 c1 by aid d]iv$ f ,heav51 control ^? s5ses1 & r5d] !m ob$i5t to ! gov]n+ p[] ( 8 nature2 & ?is is 8 wisdom4 ,?is subject has seldom be5 m happily express$ ?an by ,mr4 ,sp5ce4 ,! l9e ( di/9ction betwe5 man & ! l[] ord]s ( creation1 is n ! m]e fact t he reasons & !y d n1 b t he has a moral & acc\ntable nature1 :ile !y h no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,x w be evid5t1 says ,bevan1 t ?\gh ,i make a di/9ction betwe5 ! in/9ct & ! reason ( bees1 ,i d n conf\nd _! reason ) ! reason ( man4 ,b to obviate all possibility ( misconception1 ,i w at once def9e my mean+1 :5 ,i use ! t]ms insect reason & in/9ct4 ,by reason1 ,i mean ! p[] ( mak+ d$uctions f previ\s exp]i5ce or obs]vation1 & !reby ( adapt+ means to ends4 ,in/9ct ,i reg>d z a disposition & p[] to p]=m c]ta9 actions 9 ! same uni=m mann]1 dep5d+ ^u nice me*anism & hav+ no ref]5ce ei!r to obs]vation or exp]i5ce2 op]at+ on ! means1 )\t anticipation ( ! end1 incit$ by no hope1 controll$ by no =ebod+4 ,^? :o h att5d$ to ?is subject1 w be aw>e t insect reason1 z above def9$1 is m re/rict$ 9 its functions ?an ! reason ( man2 to :i* is sup]add$ ! p[] ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! true & ! false1 &1 accord+ to "s metaphysicians1 betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,reason1 9 man1 has a regul> gr[? & a sl[ progression2 all ! arts he practices ev9ce skill & dext]ity1 proportion$ to ! pa9s :i* h be5 tak5 9 acquir+ !m4 ,9 ! l[] l9ks ( creation1 b little ( ?is gradual improvem5t is obs]vable2 _! p[]s c>ry !m almo/ directly to _! object4 ,!y are p]fect1 z ,bacon says1 9 all _! memb]s & organs f ! v beg9n+4 ,f> diff]5t ,man1 to high] fates assign'd1 ,unfolds ) t>di] /ep 8 ,proteus m9d1 ,) num]\s ,in/9cts fraught1 t lose _! =ce ,l %all[ /reams1 divid$ 9 _! c\rse2 ,long weak1 & helpless1 on ! fo/]+ brea/1 ,9 fond dep5d5ce leans ! infant gue/1 ,till reason rip5s :at "y impulse taught1 ,& builds1 on s5se1 ! l(ty pile ( ?\ght2 ,f e>?1 sea1 air1 ! quick p]ceptions rise1 ,& swell ! m5tal fabric to ! skies4 ,evans4 ,i %all "h n>rate a v rem>kable in/ance ( sagacity :i* seems to approa* z ne> to human reason1 z any ?+ 9 ! bee :i* has ev] fall5 "u my notice4 ,9 ! ye> #ahea1 ,i _h a small model hive con/ruct$1 into :i* ,i tempor>ily plac$ a sw>m ( bees4 ,! p>ticul> object :i* ,i _h 9 view1 0 to te/ ! feasibility ( "s plans :i* ,i _h rec5tly devis$1 = facilitat+ ! /or+ ( honey 9 small tumbl]s4 ,! bees1 9 a %ort "t1 fill$ ! hive & /or$ ab\t a doz5 glasses ) honey4 ,i 0 call$ away f !m1 = a few days1 & 0 mu* surpris$1 on my return1 to f9d t ! honey :i* _h be5 /or$ up 9 ! hive & seal$ ov] = ,w9t] use1 0 all gone1 & ! cells fill$ ) eggs & "y worms6 ,! hive /ood 9 a cov]$ bee h\se1 & ! bees _h built a l>ge quantity ( comb on ! outside ( ! hive1 into :i* !y _h transf]r$ ! honey tak5 f ! int]ior4 ,! object ( ?is unusual proc$ure 01 beyond all "q1 to give ! poor que5 a place )9 ! hive = lay+ h] eggs3 = ?is purpose !y uncapp$ & empti$ all ! cells s c>efully seal$ ov]1 in/ead ( us+ ! new comb on ! outside = ! brood4 ,^? :o wi% to /udy ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! honey-bee1 to ! be/ advantage1 w d]ive great aid 9 _! inve/igations1 f ! use ( my ,obs]v+ ,hives4 ,ea* comb 9 ^! hives is atta*$ to a movable frame1 & !y all admit ( easy removal4 ,9 ?is respect ! con/ruction ( ! hive is entirely new1 & :ile x greatly facilitates ! bus9ess ( obs]vation1 x enables ! ,api>ian1 on ! approa* ( cool wea!r1 to transf] 8 bees f a hive 9 :i* !y _c w9t]1 to "o ( ! common con/ruction4 ,z soon z ! wea!r 9 ! ,spr+ is suffici5tly w>m1 !y may aga9 be plac$ 9 ! obs]v+ hive1 9 :i*1 7z bo? sides ( e comb admit ( inspection17 e bee c be se51 & all ! wond]s ( ! hive are expos$ to ! full light ( day2 7see p4 #bd47 ,9 ! common obs]v+ hives exp]im5ts are (t5 conduct$ ) great difficulty1 by cutt+ away p>ts ( ! comb1 :]eas 9 m9e1 !y c all be p]=m$ by ! simple removal ( "o ( ! frames1 & if ! colony becomes r$uc$ 9 numb]s1 x may1 9 a few mom5ts1 be /r5g!n$ by help+ x to matur+ brood f "o ( ! o!r hives4 ,a v intellig5t writ] 9 a description ( ! diff]5t hives exhibit$ at ! ,_w's ,fair1 9 ,london1 lam5t$ t no me?od _h yet be5 devis$ ( enabl+ bees to clu/]1 9 cool wea!r1 9 an obs]v+ hive1 & t x 0 f\nd next to impossible to pres]ve !m 9 su* hives ov] ,w9t]4 ,by ! use ( ! movable frames1 ?is difficulty is entirely obviat$4 ,i _c all[ ?is "w to come to a close1 )\t ackn[l$g+ my great obligations to ,mr4 ,samuel ,wagn]1 ( ,york1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,to him ,i am indebt$ = a k ( ,dzi]zon's discov]ies1 & = _m valuable sugge/ions scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,treatise4