,,northern ,,nut ,,growers ,,association ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,proceedings ,,at ,,the ,,fifth ,,annual ,,meeting ,,evansville1 ,,indiana ,,august #bj ,,and #ba1 #aiad ,,concord1 ,n4 ,h4 ,,the ,,rumford ,,press #aiae ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,page ,officers and ,committees of the ,association #d ,members of the ,association #e ,constitution and ,rules of the ,association #aj ,proceedings of the ,meeting held at ,evansville1 ,indiana1 ,august #bj and #ba1 #aiad #aa ,report of the ,secretary-,treasurer #ag ,proposed ,score ,card for ,judging ,nuts #bj ,status and ,possibilities of ,nut ,culture in the ,north1 ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #bc ,discussion on ,cultivation and ,fertilizers for ,nut ,trees #ca ,personal ,experiences with ,hybridization of ,nut ,trees1 ,dr4 ,robert ,t4 ,morris1 ,new ,york #cg ,the ,use of ,dynamite in ,tree ,planting1 ,c4 ,d4 ,evans1 ,delaware #dc ,demonstration of ,grafting and ,budding ,nut ,trees1 ,r4 ,l4 ,mc,coy1 ,indiana1 and ,paul ,white1 ,indiana #dg ,discussion on ,seedling ,trees #eb ,seedling ,nut ,trees4 ,the ,nomenclature of ,northern ,pecans1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,pennsylvania #ed ,practical ,suggestions on the ,production of ,nut ,orchards1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,van ,duzee1 ,georgia #fa ,the ,function of the ,class ,journal1 ,ralph ,t4 ,olcott1 ,editor ,american ,nut ,journal #fe ,discussion on ,top ,working ,large ,nut ,trees #fh ,report of the ,committee on ,nomenclature #gc ,report of the ,committee on ,exhibits #gd ,report of the ,committee on ,resolutions #gd ,session at ,enterprise #ge ,a ,plea for the ,planting of ,nut ,trees1 ,colonel ,c4 ,k4 ,sober1 ,pennsylvania #he ,discussion on the ,hazel or ,filbert #hh ,appendix3 ,the ,history of the ,persian ,walnut in ,pennsylvania1 ,j4 ,g4 ,rush1 ,pennsylvania #ic ,a ,comparison of ,northern and ,southern ,conditions in the ,propagation of ,nut ,trees1 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,pennsylvania #if ,top ,working ,large ,walnut ,trees1 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed1 ,indiana #aja ,interest in ,nut ,growing in the ,intermountain ,states1 ,dr4 ,l4 ,d4 ,batchelor1 ,utah #ajd ,report from ,g4 ,h4 ,corsan1 ,canada #aje ,distribution of ,persian 7,english7 ,walnut ,seedlings in ,michigan #ajg ,examples of ,some ,recent ,correspondence #aji ,preliminary ,report on the ,persian ,walnut1 by the ,secretary #aad ,correspondents and ,others ,interested in ,nut ,culture #aah ,some ,recent ,literature on ,nuts and ,nut ,growing #abd ,present at the ,fifth ,annual ,meeting of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association #abf ,annual ,meeting in #aiae #abg ,,officers ,,of ,,the ,,association ,president ,j4 ,,russell ,,smith ,university of ,pennsylvania ,vice-,president ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed ,indiana ,secretary and ,treasurer ,w4 ,c4 ,,deming ,georgetown1 ,connecticut ,,committees ,executive ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage ,r4 ,t4 ,,morris ,,and ,,the ,,officers ,nomenclature ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed ,r4 ,t4 ,,morris ,e4 ,r4 ,,lake ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed ,r4 ,l ,,mccoy ,membership ,w4 ,c4 ,,deming ,,leon ,d4 ,,batchelor ,c4 ,h4 ,,plump ,hybrids ,r4 ,t4 ,,morris ,j4 ,r4 ,,smith ,c4 ,p4 ,,close ,promising ,seedlings ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed ,j4 ,,russell ,,smith ,press and ,publication ,,ralph ,t4 ,,olcott ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage ,w4 ,c4 ,,deming ,,state ,,vice-,,presidents ,arizona ,c4 ,r4 ,biederman ,garces ,california ,claude ,d4 ,tribble ,elk ,grove ,canada ,g4 ,h4 ,corsan ,university of ,toronto ,connecticut ,newman ,hungerford ,torrington1 ,r4 #b1 ,box #gf ,district of ,columbia ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage ,union ,trust ,building1 ,washington ,florida ,h4 ,harold ,hume ,glen ,saint ,mary ,georgia ,j4 ,b4 ,wight ,cairo ,illinois ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl ,alton ,indiana ,r4 ,l4 ,mc,coy ,lake ,ireland ,dr4 ,augustine ,henry #e ,sanford ,terrace1 ,ranelagh1 ,dublin ,kentucky ,a4 ,l4 ,moseley ,calhoun ,maryland ,c4 ,p4 ,close ,department of ,agriculture1 ,washington ,massachusetts ,james ,h4 ,bowditch #ijc ,tremont ,building1 ,boston ,michigan ,h4 ,l4 ,haskell #bji ,north ,rowe ,st41 ,ludington ,minnesota ,c4 ,a4 ,van ,duzee ,minneapolis ,missouri ,alfred ,e4 ,johnson ,mc,baine1 ,r4#a ,new ,jersey ,c4 ,s4 ,ridgway ,lumberton ,new ,york ,dr4 ,ira ,ulman #bac ,west #adgth ,st41 ,new ,york ,city ,north ,carolina ,w4 ,n4 ,hutt1 ,state ,horticulturist ,raleigh ,ohio ,harry ,r4 ,weber #fja ,gerke ,building1 ,cincinnati ,pennsylvania ,j4 ,g4 ,rush ,west ,willow ,tennessee ,egbert ,d4 ,van ,syckel ,trenton ,utah ,leon ,d4 ,batchelor1 ,horticulturist1 ,state ,agricultural ,college ,logan ,virginia ,john ,s4 ,parish ,eastham ,west ,virginia ,b4 ,f4 ,hartzell ,shepherdstown ,,members ,,of ,,the ,,northern ,,nut ,,growers ,,association ,,arizona ,c4 ,r4 ,biederman1 ,garces ,,california ,tribble1 ,claude ,d41 ,elk ,grove ,tucker1 ,t4 ,c41 ,manager ,california ,almond ,growers' ,exchange1 ,sacramento ,,canada ,corsan1 ,g4 ,h41 ,university of ,toronto ,crow1 ,j4 ,w41 ,professor of ,pomology1 ,ontario ,agricultural ,college1 ,guelph ,dufresne1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,a41 #bag ,st4 ,christopher ,st41 ,montreal ,fisk1 ,dr4 ,george1 #aja ,union ,ave41 ,montreal ,henderson1 ,stuart1 ,victoria1 ,british ,columbia1 ,box #gg ,saunders1 ,w4 ,e41 #ceb ,clarence ,st41 ,london1 ,ont4 ,,connecticut ,barnes1 ,john ,r41 ,yalesville ,deming1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c41 ,georgetown ,deming1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,c41 ,georgetown ,hungerford1 ,newman1 ,torrington1 ,r4 #b1 ,box #gf ,ives1 ,ernest ,m41 ,sterling ,orchards1 ,meriden ,miller1 ,mrs4 ,charles1 #cb ,hillside ,ave41 ,waterbury ,morris1 ,dr4 ,robert ,t41 ,cos ,cob1 ,r4 #bh1 ,box #ie ,plump1 ,charles ,h41 ,west ,redding ,pomeroy1 ,e4 ,c41 ,northville ,,delaware ,evans1 ,c4 ,d41 care of ,du,pont ,powder ,company1 ,wilmington ,lord1 ,george ,frank1 care of ,du,pont ,powder ,company1 ,wilmington ,,district ,,of ,,columbia ,close1 ,prof4 ,c4 ,p41 ,pomologist1 ,department of ,agriculture1 ,washington ,lake1 ,prof4 ,e4 ,r41 ,pomologist1 ,department of ,agriculture1 ,washington ,littlepage1 ,t4 ,p41 ,union ,trust ,building1 ,washington ,kinsell1 ,miss ,ida ,j41 #afjh #agth ,st41 ,washington ,orr1 ,herbert ,r41 ,evans ,building1 ,washington ,reed1 ,c4 ,a41 ,in ,charge of ,nut ,culture ,investigations1 ,department of ,agriculture1 ,washington 99,van ,deman1 ,prof4 ,h4 ,e41 ,washington ,,florida ,hume1 ,h4 ,harold1 ,glen ,saint ,mary ,prange1 ,mrs4 ,n4 ,m4 ,g41 ,jacksonville ,simpson1 ,ray ,c41 ,monticello ,,georgia ,wight1 ,j4 ,b41 ,cairo ,,illinois ,aldrich1 ,h4 ,a41 ,neoga ,heely1 ,dr4 ,o4 ,j41 ,st4 ,libory ,poll1 ,carl ,j41 #ajji ,maple ,st41 ,danville ,potter1 ,hon4 ,w4 ,o41 ,marion ,riehl1 ,e4 ,a41 ,alton ,spencer1 ,henry ,d41 ,room #a1 ,opera ,house ,block1 ,decatur ,webster1 ,h4 ,g41 #dej ,belmont ,ave41 ,chicago ,,indiana ,baldwin1 ,c4 ,h41 ,state ,entomologist1 #acj ,state ,house1 ,indianapolis ,burton1 ,joe ,a41 ,mitchell ,hutchings1 ,miss ,lida ,g41 #aah ,third ,st41 ,madison ,knapp1 ,dr4 ,a1 ,j41 ,evansville ,lockwood1 ,e4 ,e41 ,poseyville ,mc,coy1 ,r4 ,l41 ,lake ,niblack1 ,mason ,j41 ,vincennes ,reed1 ,m4 ,t41 ,vincennes ,reed1 ,w4 ,c41 ,vincennes ,schmidt1 ,hugh ,c41 ,evansville ,simpson1 ,h4 ,d41 ,vincennes ,wilkinson1 ,j4 ,f41 ,rockport ,,ireland ,henry1 ,dr4 ,augustine1 #e ,sanford ,terrace1 ,ranelagh1 ,dublin ,,kentucky ,matthews1 ,prof4 ,c4 ,w41 ,horticulturist1 ,state ,agricultural ,station1 ,lexington ,moseley1 ,a4 ,l41 ,bank of ,calhoun1 ,calhoun ,,maryland ,holmes1 ,f4 ,s41 ,agricultural ,experiment ,station1 ,college ,park ,,massachusetts ,bowditch1 ,james ,,ii41 #ijc ,tremont ,building1 ,boston ,hoffmann1 ,bernhard1 ,overbrook ,orchard1 ,stockbridge ,knight1 ,charles ,f41 ,rowley ,mason1 ,harry ,r41 ,falmouth ,rich1 ,william ,p41 ,secretary ,state ,horticultural ,society1 #cjj ,massachusetts ,ave41 ,boston ,smith1 ,fred ,a41 #ci ,pine ,st41 ,danvers ,vaughan1 ,horace ,a41 ,peacehaven1 ,assonet ,white1 ,warren1 ,holliston ,,michigan ,haskell1 ,h4 ,l41 #bji ,n4 ,rowe ,st41 ,ludington ,,minnesota ,powers1 ,l4 ,l41 #abjj ,lexington ,ave41 ,n4 ,st4 ,paul ,van ,duzee1 ,col4 ,c4 ,a41 ,st4 ,paul ,,missouri ,johnson1 ,alfred ,e41 ,mc,baine1 ,r4 #a ,,new ,,jersey ,dietrick1 ,dr4 ,thomas ,s41 #ab ,west ,washington ,ave41 ,washington ,foster1 ,samuel ,f41 ,secretary ,north ,jersey ,society for the ,promotion of ,agriculture1 #ajj ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city ,marston1 ,edwin ,s41 ,florham ,park1 ,box #gb ,mergler1 ,c4 ,w41 ,hackensack ,road and ,mt4 ,vernon ,st41 ,ridgefield ,park ,putnam1 ,j4 ,h41 ,vineland ,ridgeway1 ,c4 ,s41 ,floralia1 ,lumberton ,roberts1 ,horace1 ,moorestown ,steele1 ,t4 ,e41 ,pomona ,nurseries1 ,palmyra ,walter1 ,dr4 ,harry1 ,hotel ,chalfonte1 ,atlantic ,city ,,new ,,york ,abbott1 ,frederick ,b41 #dai ,ninth ,st41 ,brooklyn ,ackerly1 ,orville ,b41 #bdc ,w4 #cdth ,st41 ,new ,york ,city ,baker1 ,dr4 ,hugh ,p41 ,dean of ,state ,college of ,forestry1 ,syracuse ,baker1 ,prof4 ,j4 ,fred1 ,director of ,forest ,investigation1 ,state ,college of ,forestry1 ,syracuse ,brown1 ,ronald ,k41 #cbj ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city ,bruce1 ,w4 ,robert1 ,brick ,church ,institute1 ,rochester ,church1 ,alfred ,w41 ,portchester ,ellwanger1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,d41 #eaj ,east ,ave41 ,rochester ,fullerton1 ,h4 ,b41 ,director ,long ,island ,railroad ,experiment ,station1 ,medford1 ,l4 ,i4 ,hickox1 ,ralph1 #chcb ,white ,plains ,ave41 ,new ,york ,city ,hans1 ,amedee1 ,superintendent ,hodenpyl ,estate1 ,locust ,valley1 ,l4 ,i4 ,haywood1 ,albert1 ,flushing ,hicks1 ,henry1 ,westbury1 ,l4 ,i4 ,holden1 ,e4 ,b41 ,hilton ,huntington1 ,a4 ,m41 #ae ,w4 #hast ,st41 ,new ,york ,city ,keeler1 ,charles ,e41 ,chichester and ,briggs ,aves41 ,richmond ,hill ,miller1 ,mrs4 ,seaman1 care of ,mr4 ,miller1 #b ,rector ,st41 ,new ,york ,city ,murphy1 ,p4 ,j41 #aae ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city1 care of ,ford1 ,bacon ,davis ,olcott1 ,ralph ,t41 ,ellwanger ,barry ,building1 ,rochester ,pomeroy1 ,a4 ,c41 ,lockport ,reynolds1 ,h4 ,l41 #begi ,main ,st41 ,buffalo ,rice1 ,mrs4 ,lillian ,mc,kee1 ,adelano1 ,pawling ,stephen1 ,prof4 ,john ,w41 ,assistant ,professor of ,silviculture1 ,state ,college of ,forestry1 ,syracuse ,storrs1 ,a4 ,p41 #aag ,front ,st41 ,owego ,teele1 ,a4 ,w41 #cj ,broad ,st41 ,new ,york ,city ,teter1 ,walter ,c41 #aj ,wall ,st41 ,new ,york ,city ,tuckerman1 ,bayard1 #aah ,e4 #cgth ,st41 ,new ,york ,city ,turner1 ,k4 ,m41 #bbj ,w4 #dbnd ,st41 ,new ,york ,city ,ulman1 ,dr4 ,ira1 #bac ,w4 #adgth ,st41 ,new ,york ,city ,wile1 ,th4 ,e41 #ajab ,park ,ave41 ,rochester ,williams1 ,dr4 ,charles ,mallory1 #dh ,e4 #dith ,st41 ,new ,york ,city ,wissmann1 ,mrs4 ,f4 de,r41 ,westchester1 ,new ,york ,city ,,north ,,carolina ,glover1 ,j4 ,wheeler1 ,morehead ,city ,hutt1 ,prof4 ,w4 ,n41 ,state ,horticulturist1 ,raleigh ,van ,lindley1 ,j41 ,j4 ,van ,lindley ,nursery ,company1 ,pomona ,,ohio ,dayton1 ,j4 ,h41 ,storrs ,harrison ,company1 ,painesville ,denny1 ,mark ,e41 ,middletown ,ford1 ,horatio1 ,south ,euclid ,johnston1 ,i4 ,b41 ,cincinnati1 ,station ,k ,miller1 ,h4 ,a41 ,gypsum ,rector1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,m41 ,columbus ,weber1 ,harry ,r41 #fja ,gerke ,building1 #abc ,e4 #fth ,st41 ,cincinnati ,witte1 ,o4 ,f41 ,amherst ,yunck1 ,e4 ,g41 #gaj ,central ,ave41 ,sandusky ,,pennsylvania ,ballou1 ,c4 ,f41 ,halifax ,doan1 ,j4 ,l41 ,school of ,horticulture1 ,ambler ,druckemiller1 ,w4 ,c41 ,sunbury ,fagan1 ,prof4 ,f4 ,n41 ,department of ,horticulture1 ,state ,college ,foley1 ,john1 ,forester1 ,pennsylvania ,railroad ,company1 #eac-;,a1 ,commercial ,trust ,building1 ,philadelphia ,hall1 ,l4 ,c41 ,avonia ,hildebrand1 ,f4 ,b41 ,duquesne ,hoopes1 ,wilmer ,w41 ,hoopes ,brothers and ,thomas ,company1 ,westchester ,hutchinson1 ,mahlon1 ,ashwood ,farm1 ,devon1 ,chester ,county ,jones1 ,j4 ,f41 ,lancaster1 ,box #ebg ,keely1 ,royal ,r41 #agjb ,mt4 ,vernon ,st41 ,philadelphia ,knipe1 ,irwin ,p41 ,norristown ,lovett1 ,mrs4 ,joseph ,l41 ,emilie1 ,bucks ,county ,martz1 ,walter ,c41 ,lebanon1 care of ,lebanon ,national ,bank ,meehan1 ,s4 ,mendelson1 ,thomas ,meehan ,sons1 ,germantown ,moss1 ,james1 ,johnsville1 ,bucks ,county ,preslar1 ,c4 ,f41 #ebd ,grand ,view ,ave41 ,pittsburgh ,rush1 ,j4 ,g41 ,west ,willow ,schmidt1 ,john ,c41 #ijj ,so4 ,george ,st41 ,york ,smitten1 ,h4 ,w41 ,rochester ,mills1 ,r4 #b ,sober1 ,col4 ,c4 ,k41 ,lewisburg ,thomas1 ,joseph ,w41 ,jos4 ,w4 ,thomas ,sons1 ,king of ,prussia ,p4 ,o4 ,twaddell1 ,e4 ,w41 ,evergreen ,nurseries1 ,westtown ,webster1 ,mrs4 ,edmund1 #acbd ,so4 ,broad ,st41 ,philadelphia ,wister1 ,john ,c41 ,wister ,st4 and ,clarkson ,ave41 ,germantown ,wright1 ,r4 ,p41 #bce ,w4 #fth ,st41 ,erie ,,tennessee ,van ,syckel1 ,egbert ,d41 ,d4,d4,s41 ,trenton ,,utah ,batchelor1 ,leon ,d41 ,horticulturist1 ,utah ,agricultural ,college1 ,logan ,pendleton1 ,m4 ,a41 #c ,mozart ,apartments1 ,salt ,lake ,city ,,virginia ,crockett1 ,e4 ,b41 ,lynchburg ,parish1 ,john ,s41 ,eastham1 ,albermarle ,county ,roper1 ,w4 ,n41 ,arrowfield ,nurseries1 ,petersburg ,shackford1 ,theodore ,b41 care of ,adams ,brothers-,paynes ,company1 ,lynchburg ,smith1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell1 ,roundhill ,von ,ammon1 ,s41 ,fontella ,,west ,,virginia ,hartzell1 ,b4 ,f41 ,shepherdstown ,life member 99 ,honorary member ,,constitution ,,and ,,rules ,,of ,,the ,,northern ,,nut ,,growers ,,association ,name4 ,the society shall be known as the ,,northern ,,nut ,,growers ,,association4 ,object4 ,the promotion of interest in nut-producing plants1 their products and their culture4 ,membership4 ,membership in the society shall be open to all persons who desire to further nut culture1 without reference to place of residence or nationality1 subject to the approval of the committee on membership4 ,officers4 ,there shall be a president1 a vice-president1 and a secretary-treasurer2 an executive committee of five persons1 of which the president1 vice-president and secretary shall be members2 and a state vice-president from each state represented in the membership of the association4 ,election of ,officers4 ,a committee of five members shall be elected at the annual meeting for the purpose of nominating officers for the subsequent year4 ,meetings4 ,the place and time of the annual meeting shall be selected by the membership in session or1 in the event of no selection being made at this time1 the executive committee shall choose the place and time for the holding of the annual convention4 ,such other meetings as may seem desirable may be called by the president and executive committee4 ,fees4 ,the fees shall be of two kinds1 annual and life4 ,the former shall be two dollars1 the latter twenty dollars4 ,discipline4 ,the committee on membership may make recommendations to the association as to the discipline or expulsion of any member4 ,committees4 ,the association shall appoint standing committees of three members each to consider and report on the following topics at each annual meeting3 first1 on promising seedlings2 second1 on nomenclature2 third1 on hybrids2 fourth1 on membership2 fifth1 on press and publication4 ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association ,,fifth ,,annual ,,meeting ,,august #bj ,,and #ba1 #aiad ,,evansville1 ,,indiana ,the fifth annual meeting of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association was held in the ,evansville ,business ,association ,hall at ,evansville1 ,indiana1 beginning ,august #bj1 #aiad1 at #aj ,a4 ,m41 ,president ,littlepage presiding4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the fifth annual meeting of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association will now come to order1 and ,i have the pleasure of introducing to you ,dr4 ,worsham who represents the ,mayor of ,evansville4 ,,dr4 ,,worsham3 ,ladies and ,gentlemen of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association3 ,some men are born to greatness and others have it thrust upon them4 ,i stand in the position this morning of a man that has had his greatness thrust upon him4 ,the secretary of the ,evansville ,business ,association1 who frequently takes liberties with me1 told me a few minutes ago that1 in the absence of our ,mayor1 ,i was to welcome you4 ,we extend to you a most cordial welcome to our thriving city4 ,we are always glad to have associations of this kind meet with us1 because they bring to us new ideas and new thoughts4 ,as ,i looked upon those nuts this morning my mind returned to the time when ,i was a boy1 when my father1 although a splendid business man who took advantage of most of the opportunities that presented themselves to him1 neglected one of the best he had in selling one hundred and twenty-five acres of land across the ,ohio ,river here1 upon which there grow a number of native pecans4 ,the only time we ever had any pecans from that place was when we got a ,german over there1 direct from ,germany4 ,he couldn't speak a word of the ,english language but my father said to him1 ,keep the boys out and get some pecans4 ,he went down there with a dog and a gun and we got more nuts that year than ever before or since4 ,this city has the distinction1 as ,i have learned since ,i came into the hall1 of being the center of the nut growing district of the northwest4 ,another honor that our splendid city has4 ,as you know we are here in the largest hardwood lumber market in the world2 we have the cheapest and best coal of any place in the world2 we have the greatest river facilities of any city along the ,ohio ,river2 we have six main arteries of railroad into our city1 so it is easy to manufacture1 easy to ship and easy to dispose of the products of our business in this grand1 beautiful and well situated city4 ,now gentlemen1 remember that ,dr4 ,worsham's telephone is #bac1 that ,i am representing the ,mayor and ,business ,men's ,association1 and that we are perfectly delighted to have you with us4 ,i hope you will have a good time4 ,i thank you4 ,,the ,,president3 ,dr4 ,robert ,t4 ,morris will respond first to ,dr4 ,worsham and afterwards ,mr4 ,potter4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,mr4 ,chairman1 ,representatives of the ,business ,men's ,association1 ,ladies and ,gentlemen3 ,in ,chicago1 ,i met an ,englishman who told me he was going to ,hevansville4 ,i did not know just where he meant but after hearing ,dr4 ,worsham's speech1 ,i understand4 ,this is no doubt one of the coming cities of the world4 ,you have here the field that was fought for by the early settlers and the ,indians1 and the field that is to be the scene of many wars in days to come4 ,in the days to come1 perhaps a thousand years from now1 there may be four or five people to the acre living under conditions of intensive cultivation4 ,this is just the sort of land that will support a population to the best advantage1 and you have here conditions suitable for the crop that is to be the crop of the future4 ,people do not fully utilize nature's resources until there is need for doing so4 ,we have depended upon the cereals and the soft fruits and things of that sort1 just as the early ,indian depended upon the deer and the beaver4 ,the time came when his beaver and his deer disappeared4 ,we1 like the ,indian1 take up first the development of simplest things in plant life4 ,later1 under intensive cultivation1 we shall be enabled to support a very much larger population on fewer acres4 ,we find that nuts contain starch and proteids in such proportion that they will fairly well take the place of meats and of other starches4 ,now1 this is not an opinion which is individual alone1 but is the conclusion of authorities after examination of data4 ,chemical examination of nuts has been made by our ,department of ,agriculture at ,washington and by chemists elsewhere4 ,the nut crop1 then1 is to be perhaps the staple food crop for the people of the ,united ,states one thousand years from now1 when we are depending upon methods of intensive cultivation for the annual plants4 ,it is true1 of course1 that three thousand years before ,christ1 the ,emperor ,yu developed in ,china a system of agriculture that is better than any ,european or ,american system today both as to production and transportation--perhaps including distribution4 ,at the present time ,china is supporting a larger population to the acre than any other country4 ,all this comes to mind in response to the address of welcome by ,dr4 ,worsham4 ,here at this point of our ,united ,states1 there is already a center of the new movement for the development of the great future food supply of the world1 a nut nursery center4 ,here we find also another feature of great consequence from the economic and politic side4 ,we find honest nurserymen4 ,that is a very important matter4 ,as nations advance in culture the moral side develops1 and as the ethical side develops there will be better representatives in the trades and in all callings4 ,the nursery business is near to nature and for that reason simple people have assumed that nurserymen were nearly as white as snow4 ,those of us who have had some experience with them1 know what it means to find honest ones4 ,we deeply appreciate the fact that in this part of the country honest nurserymen are making a name for themselves and for ,america4 ,i know ,evansville not only in this way that ,i have been speaking of but also in a professional way because of its doctors4 ,there are two or three or four of the ,evansville doctors--you do not know that as members of this ,association1 but ,i know it as a member of our great profession--who have placed ,evansville upon the map4 ,this city is best known throughout the ,united ,states in the medical profession because of some three or four ,evansville doctors of the present and past4 ,therefore it is with a double pleasure that ,i respond to the address of welcome given by ,dr4 ,worsham4 ,,the ,,president3 ,we will now hear from ,hon4 ,w4 ,o4 ,potter of ,marion1 ,illinois4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,mr4 ,chairman1 ,ladies and ,gentlemen3 ,this meeting to me is something out of the ordinary4 ,i can remember that when ,i was a boy ,i knew every good hickory nut tree in the community where ,i was raised1 but after ,i left my native heath and went into the practice of law and got into politics1 ,i forgot all about the hickory trees until just a few years ago when1 by accident1 ,i picked up a nut journal4 ,i don't know how it came into my possession but ,i got it and ,i read some article on the ,indiana pecan1 and ,i read an article on the development of nut trees in the south1 and ,i got interested and commenced studying the subject4 ,i wrote to the ,department of ,agriculture and got some articles on nut culture from ,mr4 ,reed and others and became still more interested4 ,however1 nut culture doesn't mix well with politics or law1 and1 therefore1 it is more or less of a side issue with me4 ,i have gone into nut culture only on a small scale4 ,on my lot in the city of ,marion where ,i live ,i have set out some pecan trees1 and after a hard battle in court all day it is quite a pleasure to get home in the evening and to pull off my coat and to get on some old clothes and go out among my trees4 ,there is nothing better to get one's mind off the daily combat of life4 ,i was very much impressed with ,dr4 ,worsham's address of welcome and also ,dr4 ,morris's response4 ,i believe that this country is beginning a new era2 we are going to experience a metamorphosis4 ,i think we will shed this old shell1 take on a new dress and start afresh4 ,i presume it is here as in ,illinois where ,i was raised4 ,our farmers came from the south principally1 and about all they knew of farming in those early days was to raise corn and some tobacco1 but mostly1 through our section1 corn1 and in a few years they corned the land to death4 ,you can go through our country and see old hillsides red with clay and farmers barely eking out an existence4 ,those people will never be much better off than they are now1 but as they pass off and the newer generation comes on1 departments of agriculture and horticulture will be organized in the universities1 where it has not already been done1 and the farmers will be a class of people right up to date4 ,modern civilization tends to drive the sons back to the farm and that is overdone sometimes4 ,people think they want to go to farming when they don't4 ,we ought not to take up this idea back to the farm too largely at once but gradually grow into it4 ,i know what it is to be on the farm and work hard day after day2 there is no chance for us under the old conditions2 but in higher forms of agriculture or horticulture the ,american people will find the greatest benefits and pleasures4 ,it gets monotonous for a man who has a profession to stick to that all the time1 day in and day out without change1 week in and week out1 year in and year out1 and he gets to driving in a rut4 ,if he will take up a side line it will do him much good4 ,i have gone into nut growing for recreation1 not profit1 and ,i think it is an occupation most conducive to a strong mind and a healthy body4 ,this country is getting to a point where we are going to have more producers4 ,we have too many consumers in this country4 ,we talk about the tariff and whether it raises or lowers the price of articles4 ,that is neither here nor there4 ,the thing that will control the prices of foods is the amount of food produced4 ,as ,dr4 ,morris said awhile ago we don't need so much meat as we used to think we needed nor so many other kinds of foods4 ,all the food elements that keep man alive and his body in a healthy condition are contained in nuts1 fruits and things of that character1 and this to a great extent will eliminate the need for meats4 ,meat is getting scarce and high4 ,beef steaks and pork chops are a great deal higher than they formerly were and some of us who are not making as much money in our professions as we need will have to find something else to take the place of them4 ,it seems to me that the solution of the problem is in the production of nuts4 ,the peanut is being manufactured in a great many ways and we are using them on our tables daily1 and it will only be a few years when the pecan will be fixed up in as many different ways4 ,the hickory nut ,i think is another great nut of this country and great attention ought to be paid to it4 ,its culture is still in its infancy4 ,i believe that in a few years the hickory nut and pecan will help solve the food problem4 ,i would not know how to graft any kind of a tree4 ,what trees ,i need ,i buy from some good responsible nurseryman and let him do the work of grafting4 ,i am glad to be a member of this association1 although this is the first meeting ,i have ever attended4 ,i get a lot of enthusiasm from the other members and ,i have had lots of information from being a member of this association4 ,i want to thank you1 ladies and gentlemen1 for listening to my remarks which ,i had no thought of making4 ,what ,i have said has been at random4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,when ,i was speaking a minute ago ,i left out one idea that is clever1 and ,i want to get it in although it belongs to ,professor ,smith4 ,when we get to the point of intensive cultivation we are to have the two-story farm4 ,we will have the tree which will be the second story and will furnish our meat1 and underneath we will have our small crops4 ,in that way we will have a two-story farm4 ,,the ,,president3 ,that is a very good idea1 ,dr4 ,morris1 and ,i am glad you got it in4 ,we are very glad to have the remarks by ,dr4 ,morris and ,mr4 ,potter4 ,mr4 ,potter has been in the legislature and we are pleased to know that there is one member of a legislature in the ,united ,states who does not know how to graft4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,i am sorry you said that4 ,i wish you had left that out4 ,i was there when ,lorimer was elected4 ,,the ,,president3 ,there is nothing that would cure a legislature of grafting quicker than horticulture4 ,the chair desires to make an announcement of the program4 ,this morning1 there will be the usual talks and papers4 ,we will adjourn at #ab o'clock and meet again at #a o'clock for the afternoon session until #e o'clock1 at which time the members of the ,association and visitors are invited by some of the citizens to take an automobile ride to see the city and the different industries1 which ,i am sure we will all be glad to do4 ,this evening at #h o'clock there will by a lecture by ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,reed of the ,department of ,agriculture and he will us show one of the best collections of lantern slides in existence4 ,everybody is invited1 whether members of the ,association or not1 including the ladies and children4 ,tomorrow morning at #g3ae we will take the ,rockport traction car here1 getting off at ,sandale1 at which place we will be met by wagons and we will go to ,enterprise where you will see a great number of seedling pecan trees of all ages4 ,they are bearing1 the limbs hanging down close to the ground1 and there will be an excellent opportunity to see the nuts on the trees at close range4 ,a gasoline boat will meet us at ,enterprise between #ab and #a and we will return to ,evansville tomorrow evening1 via the river1 stopping at proper points1 and be in session again at #h o'clock1 finishing up the business of the ,association with a lecture by ,col4 ,c4 ,k4 ,sober of ,pennsylvania1 the great chestnut producer4 ,he has a great many lantern slides and will tell you many things of interest4 ,he is one man who is working earnestly and tirelessly to combat the chestnut blight4 ,the next thing on the program this morning will be the report of the secretary of the ,association1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,deming4 ,,the ,,secretary3 ,i have the honor to report as follows3 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,secretary-,,treasurer ,deficit1 date of last report #aje4je ,expenses3 ,washington meeting #aj4df ,reporting convention #de4jj ,printing report #bag4eh ,miscellaneous printing #bc4be ,postage and stationery #db4hd ,membership ,a4 ,p4 ,s4 #b4jj ,stenographer and multigraphing #g4bj ,express1 carting1 freight #c4cf ,exchange on checks 4#ij ,telephone 4#be -------- #deg4hi ,receipts3 ,dues #bgc4jj ,postage #e4jg ,advertisements #fi4je ,contributions #ajd4jj ,sale of report #d4jj ,bills receivable #aj4jj -------- #dfe4ab ,balance on hand #g4bc ,it was necessary to take out a membership in the ,american ,pomological ,society in order to be eligible to receive the bronze ,wilder medal awarded for meritorious exhibit of nuts at the ,washington convention4 ,in response to an appeal sent out by the secretary for assistance in defraying the expenses of publishing the report1 thirteen members contributed4 ,there was one contribution of fifty dollars1 one of twenty-five dollars1 several of five dollars and others of lesser sums4 ,two advertisements are still not paid for4 ,it is evident that the income of the association from regular sources is not at present sufficient to pay the expense of printing the annual report1 in addition to the necessary expenses of maintenance4 ,it may be possible to reduce the expense of printing the report by omitting cuts and by printing a smaller number of reports1 though the saving from the latter expedient would be small4 ,it seems to be the opinion of some of our members1 and it is certainly a good business principle1 that we should not undertake the issuing of an annual report until the funds for paying for it are in hand4 ,i would renew my suggestion of last year that a proper committee be authorized to take measures for collecting the funds necessary for this purpose4 ,during the past year a few of the members voluntarily constituted themselves a committee and succeeded in collecting a considerable sum from advertisements which appeared in the report4 ,it would certainly be a pity to interrupt the regular appearance of the report of our annual meeting4 ,seventy-five new members were added during the year1 or rather during the nine months elapsed since the meeting at ,washington4 ,since the organisation of the ,association #bab persons have become members4 ,we have now #acb paid-up members4 ,i feel certain that some of those who have not paid up do not desire to sever their connection with the ,association4 ,there have been but three resignations1 one of whom gave as his reason persistent knocking by members of the ,association of pecan promotions in the ,south4 ,no death among our members have come to the secretary's knowledge4 ,many new members came in at the ,washington meeting4 ,a number of others joined as a result of the publicity given the ,association by several articles from the pen of one of the members which appeared in various publications4 ,a still larger number appeared to be attracted by the offer which the secretary took upon himself to make1 of the two first reports as a premium for new members on the payment simply of the postage for forwarding them4 ,this action of the secretary was generally approved by the members of the executive committee1 though there was some criticism from one or two members of the ,association4 ,but it seemed to the secretary better to make this attraction for new members1 and to get out the reports where they might do some good1 rather than to have so many of them sagging the beams in his attic4 ,the secretary would suggest that in the future he be authorized to offer a complete set of the reports to all new life members1 and to other new members the opportunity to buy the back reports at a reduced sum1 say #ej cents1 or even #be cents each4 ,this would give a little income toward the expenses of the ,association4 ,the copies of our reports are assets and should be realized on4 ,the field meeting held at the farm of ,dr4 ,robert ,t4 ,morris at ,stamford1 ,connecticut1 on ,august #d was well attended and was instructive and enjoyable4 ,a full account of the meeting will appear in the ,american ,nut ,journal4 ,the recent establishment of this journal1 partly through the efforts of members of the ,association1 is a cause for congratulation4 ,we have once more a high class and attractive monthly periodical in which to exchange experiences and by which the public may be reached4 ,every member of the ,association should feel a personal interest in making this journal a success and should seek the opportunity to send to the editor any items of interest to nut growers4 ,anything relating to this subject is of interest to the enthusiast4 ,the more personal such a journal is made the better4 ,it should not be monopolized by the so-called experts4 ,everyone interested in nut growing ought to feel it a duty1 and consider it a privilege1 to communicate scraps of information1 little suggestions and1 above all1 questions and requests for information and advice4 ,even a little controversy would add spice4 ,too much harmony becomes insipid4 ,this journal is as much for scrappers as for the men of peace4 ,and1 let me quickly add1 the women too1 suffragists1 suffragettes1 and antis and those who don't care4 ,twelve women are members of the ,association and women are going to take a large share in nut growing and find in it a profitable and interesting occupation4 ,arrangements are being made with the publishers of the ,american ,nut ,journal whereby membership in our ,association may include subscription to the ,journal at a very small increase in the cost of membership4 ,if we can offer membership and the ,journal for #b4ej in advance and the back reports for #ej cents apiece1 or the three reports for #a1 and send notice of this to our list of about a thousand correspondents1 we ought to increase considerably our membership and do good to the world4 ,our rule that membership shall begin with the calendar year always gives rise to some misunderstanding4 ,those who come in at the time of the annual meeting1 or between it and the end of the year1 do not like to pay another fee along in ,january4 ,if there is no objection the secretary will hereafter inform each applicant for membership that membership expires with the calendar year1 that membership may be taken out for the present or the coming year1 and that membership entitles necessarily only to the publications issued during the year for which membership is taken out4 ,in other words the proceedings of this meeting will be published in #aiae and members for #aiad will not be entitled to it unless paid up for #aiae4 ,the investigation of the ,persian walnut trees in the ,east is still going on but the results have not been collated4 ,i suggest the appointment of a committee to revise our constitution and rules4 ,these have so far served our purpose fairly well but1 in the opinion of the secretary1 they now need modification and amplification4 ,i would recall to the attention of the members our present rule that all papers read before it are the property of the ,association4 ,in conclusion the secretary would like to ask each member to help increase the prosperity and the usefulness of the ,association by getting new members1 by getting advertisements for the annual report1 and by paying his annual dues promptly4 ,it is a waste of any nut grower's time to have to dun a lot of careless people4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the chair will now entertain a motion to approve the secretary's report4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association has been very fortunate in many things and especially in its selection of a secretary4 ,the services he has so faithfully rendered are very much appreciated by the ,association1 and ,i move the report be accepted4 ,seconded and carried4 ,also moved1 seconded and carried that the secretary be authorized to sell back numbers of the reports at a reduced price4 ,,dr4 ,,van ,,duzee3 ,i would like to say that a most important thing has been overlooked1 and that is that the chair should appoint a committee to lift the load of financing the work of the ,association from the secretary's shoulders4 ,,the ,,president3 ,it is very flattering to suggest that the chair is competent to appoint that committee4 ,do you make it in the form of a motion1 ,dr4 ,van ,duzee8 ,,dr4 ,,van ,,duzee3 ,yes sir1 ,i make that as a motion4 ,seconded and carried4 ,professor ,close read the following report on score cards prepared by ,prof4 ,e4 ,r4 ,lake of the committee4 ,,proposed ,,score ,,cards ,,for ,,judging ,,nuts ,score-,card 7,plates1 ,trays or ,cartons7--,black ,walnuts1 ,butternuts and ,hickorynuts ,general ,values3 ,size #aj ,form #e ,color #e ,shell ,values3 ,thinness #ae ,cracking #bj ,kernal ,values3 ,plumpness #e ,color #aj ,flavor #aj ,quality #bj --- #ajj ,note3 ,for insect or fungous injuries deduct #e-aj points4 ,score-,cards--,chestnuts ,general ,values3 ,size #bj ,form #e ,color #aj ,freedom from fuzz #aj ,size of basal scar #aj ,kernal ,values3 ,flavor #aj ,quality of kernal #be ,thinness and quality of inner skin #aj ----- #ajj ,note3 ,for insect or fungous injuries deduct #e-bj points4 ,score-,card--,filberts ,general ,values3 ,size #ae ,form #e ,color #e ,shell ,values3 ,thinness #ae ,kernal ,values3 ,plumpness #aj ,freedom from fibre #aj ,color #e ,flavor #ae ,quality #bj ---- #ajj ,note3 ,for insect or fungous injuries deduct #e-aj points4 ,commercial ,pecans ,general ,values3 ,size #bj ,form #e ,color #e ,shell ,values3 ,thinness of shell #aj ,cracking quality #bj ,kernal ,values3 ,plumpness of kernal #bj ,color of kernel #e ,quality #ae ---- #ajj ,score-,card 7,plates7--,persian ,walnuts ,general ,value3 ,size #aj ,form #aj ,color #aj ,shell ,values3 ,thinness of shell #aj ,smoothness of shell #e ,sealing #aj ,kernal ,values3 ,plumpness #e ,color #aj ,flavor 7sweetness1 nuttyness7 #aj ,quality 7crispness1 richness7 #bj ---- #ajj ,note3 ,for insect or fungous injuries deduct #e-ae points4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i would say that this is a very excellent system as a basis for judging4 ,we must at all times have in mind the idea of working to keep the quality very high4 ,the reason for that is because the tendency has been in the other direction4 ,appearance has been rated very high1 especially on the ,pacific ,coast1 which is one of the centers in nut raising today4 ,i observed1 while on a trip from southern ,california to ,washington and ,oregon1 that people all spoke about the beauty of the nuts1 and said little of quality4 ,they will show you great1 handsome1 bleached nuts1 and some of the very poorest in quality are the ones about which they talk the most1 and they recognize this fact among themselves4 ,i haven't been looked upon with favor when telling them frankly that a certain walnut ought not to be put on the market at all on account of its quality4 ,they resented that attitude on my part1 but later when ,i was standing nearby ,i overheard rival walnut growers talking to each other4 ,one said to another1 ,that is a handsome walnut1 but you will have to hire an awful good talker to get it on the market4 ,they resented my criticism and my judgment but among themselves said1 ,you have got to have an awful good talker to get that nut on the market4 ,it is this matter of quality that must stand first among nuts as among men4 ,many know that there is no better pecan than the ,san ,saba4 ,that is standard for quality1 yet it is not regarded as being so desirable as some of the others because of its small size4 ,we must always keep in mind the quality rather than size and appearance4 ,of course1 we like things that look well but that side will be taken care of incidentally in the course of the development of the subject4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,dr4 ,morris1 ,i should like to ask you a few questions4 ,is it not the same as it is in the apple and peach market8 ,you know in that appearance counts for a great deal4 ,are you sufficiently acquainted with the subject to say we will be safe in growing a nut that is second class in appearance but first class in quality8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i am glad ,professor ,smith brought up that point4 ,there is just one way to approach the matter4 ,take a fine1 handsome1 large ,english walnut1 that has been bleached1 and has lost quality in the process4 ,growers have gone to a great deal of trouble to get it on the market4 ,put alongside of it a small1 thin-shelled1 high quality walnut that has not been bleached1 and tell the dealer who is to sell those two nuts that the great big handsome nut is to sell for #ae cents a pound1 and the ugly little one is to bring #cj cents a pound4 ,that will attract the attention of people to the good nuts4 ,you can force people into having good sense1 through the exercise of a bit of dexterity in applied psychology4 ,,the ,,president3 ,dr4 ,morris's remarks are very well taken1 because nuts are to be eaten and not to be looked at4 ,is there any further discussion on this subject8 ,if not1 we will pass to the next4 ,,the ,,secretary3 ,the next thing on the program is the appointment of committees4 ,the advisability of amending the constitution and rules has been already referred to4 ,they have served our purpose pretty well up to now but we have outgrown them4 ,in order to expedite matters and get to the real business of this ,association1 as this constitution is going to be amended anyway1 ,i would like to move that the rules about the appointment of committees be suspended and that the chair be authorized to appoint the necessary committees4 ,this includes the committees which the rules direct shall be elected1 but that takes a long time and ,i move that the chair appoint these different committees4 ,,the ,,president3 ,do ,i hear a second to that motion8 ,a ,,member3 ,i second the motion4 ,,the ,,president3 ,it has been moved and seconded that the rules requiring that these committees be elected be suspended1 and the chair be authorized to appoint the different committees4 ,the chair holds that it will take three fourths of the members present to suspend the rules4 ,is there any discussion about this8 ,,members3 ,we are ready for the question4 ,,the ,,president3 ,all in favor of the motion made by ,dr4 ,deming1 make it known by saying aye4 ,vote taken4 ,,the ,,president3 ,those opposed1 by the same sign4 ,none4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the motion is carried that the chair appoint the different committees1 and they will be announced at the proper time4 ,the next thing on the program is a paper by the ,president4 ,i will ask ,dr4 ,morris to take the chair while ,i read what ,i have to say4 ,,status ,,and ,,possibilities ,,of ,,nut ,,culture ,,in ,,the ,,north ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage1 ,,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,the purpose of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association is to stimulate the production of nuts in the ,north4 ,we distinguish the ,north from the ,south in this regard not because we feel any less interest in the nut industry in the ,south4 ,the man who once becomes a nut enthusiast is no respecter of ,mason's and ,dixon's ,line or any other line that separates him from an interesting nut tree or from a section in which nuts may be successfully grown4 ,his local interest1 however1 will naturally be around his own dooryard and neighborhood4 ,so we speak of northern nut culture and northern nut trees because we live in the ,north and because this is the section of the ,united ,states that needs at the present time the most intelligent direction4 ,the ,south has been forging ahead for a number of years in this field4 ,in fact1 pecan culture promises to become second only to the cotton industry in many sections of that country and interest in its possibilities has attracted to it many conscientious1 able and prominent horticulturists who are today engaged in pecan growing in the ,south and who are doing much to put the pecan industry on an honest and intelligent basis4 ,these men have become specialists in the pecan industry and they know more about it than we do in the ,north4 ,consequently they do not need our assistance1 even if we were able to give it1 and1 therefore1 without any fear of our being criticised for using the adjective northern we can limit our investigations and discussions to nut culture in the northern part of the ,united ,states with a full knowledge that our southern brethren can take care of themselves1 and1 in addition1 can render us much valuable assistance which assistance we most cheerfully invite4 ,at this point1 however1 in connection with the use of the terms northern and southern1 it may be relevant to make a few observations as to the possibilities in either section4 ,while it is true that the ,south has a long start of the ,north in pecan culture1 yet the ,north affords an opportunity for the cultivation of nuts which is not possible in the ,south4 ,the ,south is today the home of the delicious varieties of pecan which are a delight to the consumer and a source of fascination and profit to the intelligent producer1 but it must be remembered that the northern pecan belt has many excellent varieties that are good enough4 ,in addition to this1 the ,north is the home of the black walnut1 the fine shagbark hickory1 the butternut1 the chestnut1 the hazel-nut1 and the chinkapin1 and is also adapted to the hardy varieties of the ,english and ,japanese walnuts4 ,all of the nuts just named certainly offer an ample field for our interest and enthusiasm1 and1 in addition to the keen delight which comes from the successful growing of these trees1 there is a possibility of profit which ,i do not think is excelled in any horticultural undertaking today4 ,first then1 what word of advice or instruction can the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association bring to the prospective nut grower which will be of help8 ,for1 after all1 the success or failure of this association depends largely upon its ability to help the grower or prospective grower4 ,before we undertake to give suggestions about the development and culture of nut orchards or to make prophecies as to possibilities1 let us stop and take stock for a moment of the present status of the nut industry in the ,north and consider what we have to build upon and what materials we have with which to work4 ,mistakes have been made in the past by the prospective nut growers because they did not stop to consider the possibilities of the nuts that were native in their own locality1 but looked abroad for something else4 ,this is characteristic of many people4 ,distant fields look green1 and1 of all the imported nut trees1 none except the ,english walnut have been of any success here whatever1 while1 in one instance at least1 their importation has resulted in introducing into this country the fatal chestnut blight1 which probably came in on uninspected stock from ,japan4 ,we have better native chestnuts in this country than any foreign chestnut and the blunder of trying to get something different is costing the country millions of dollars through the scourge of the chestnut blight1 which threatens to wipe out the industry4 ,it reminds me of the epitaph on the tombstone which read3 ,i was well and wanted to be better1 took medicine and here ,i am4 ,therefore1 let us consider what nuts we have worth while4 ,the ,pecan ,first1 we have the northern pecan which is native in certain portions of a belt approximately #aej miles wide1 with ,evansville1 ,indiana1 on the #chth parallel1 as the center4 ,i do not mean to say that the pecan will succeed in all portions of the northern half of this belt or that it may not succeed in many sections farther north4 ,the question of climate1 as modified by proximity to oceans and large bodies of water or as made more rigid by absence of these protections1 may decrease or increase the latitude at which the pecan can be successfully grown4 ,the orange1 for instance1 is one of the tenderest fruits and yet1 on the western coast1 orange groves are flourishing at the same latitude as ,philadelphia1 which is nearly on the #djth parallel1 although it is unnecessary to say that an orange grove would not survive within four or five hundred miles of the #djth parallel any place else except on the favored western coast4 ,the southern varieties of pecans will not flourish in the north and we do not know whether the northern varieties will flourish in the ,south4 ,the pecan is a hickory and the northern trees are very hardy and thrifty4 ,many varieties have been discovered the last few years which are thought to be worthy of propagating4 ,among them are the ,indiana and ,busseron1 from near ,oaktown1 ,knox ,county1 ,indiana2 the ,niblack1 from ,vincennes1 ,knox ,county1 ,indiana2 the ,warrick1 ,green ,river1 ,major1 ,kentucky1 and ,posey1 all from the ,evansville section2 the ,norton from ,clarksville1 ,missouri1 and several other varieties4 ,english ,walnut ,the next most important nut1 and probably competing very closely with the pecan for popular favor1 is the ,english walnut1 which is perhaps the only nut that has been successfully imported for growing4 ,since the earliest ,colonial days1 seedling nuts have been brought from ,france1 ,germany and other parts of ,europe and have been planted up and down the ,atlantic ,coast4 ,most of the trees from these plantings have not been able to permanently withstand climatic conditions1 but1 scattered here and there throughout the ,north and ,east1 are individual trees of apparent hardiness which bear nuts in size and quality comparing favorably with the ,english walnuts we see on the market4 ,among the various hardy varieties of the ,english walnut are the ,rush and ,nebo1 from ,lancaster ,county1 ,pennsylvania1 introduced by ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,rush1 the pioneer propagator in the ,eastern ,states4 ,another is the ,hall from the shores of ,lake ,erie1 the ,pomeroy from ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y41 a short distance from ,niagara ,falls2 the ,rumford from ,wilmington1 ,del42 the ,ridgway from ,lumberton1 ,n4 ,j42 the ,holden from ,hilton1 ,n4 ,y42 the ,boston from ,massachusetts2 the ,potomac1 ,barnes and ,weaver from ,washington1 ,d4 ,c42 and a number of other varieties4 ,the location of the parent trees just named will give some idea of the probable hardiness of these varieties4 ,shagbark ,hickory ,the thin-shelled shagbark hickory is a nut that is coming more and more into favor and is well worthy of propagation4 ,the first shagbark recognized as a distinct variety was the ,hales1 located and named by ,henry ,hales of ,ridgwood1 ,n4 ,j41 about #ahgd4 ,this is a very large1 attractive1 thin-shelled nut1 but has been somewhat superseded by other and superior shagbarks4 ,dr4 ,robert ,t4 ,morris of ,new ,york has been making a systematic search for several years for trees bearing shagbarks of high quality and merit1 and has been very successful in bringing a number of such nuts to public attention1 including the ,taylor and ,cook4 ,the ,swaim from ,south ,bend1 ,ind41 is an excellent shagbark2 the ,weiker1 from ,lancaster ,county1 ,pennsylvania2 the ,kirtland1 from ,new ,england2 the ,rice1 from ,illinois2 and another very superior and fine shagbark from northern ,kentucky which was brought to public attention by ,r4 ,l4 ,mc,coy of ,lake1 ,ind4 ,black ,walnuts ,throughout the whole north are tens of thousands of seedling black walnuts1 many of which are of excellent quality1 but1 so far as is known1 there are but two recognized varieties1 the ,thomas1 introduced during the eighties and propagated to a limited extent1 and another from ,lamont1 ,mich4 ,butternut ,the butternut is also quite common in much of the same territory as is the black walnut and even in regions farther north1 but1 so far as ,i have knowledge1 not a single variety has been named4 ,japanese ,walnuts ,seedlings of two species of ,japanese walnuts are quite common along the ,atlantic ,coast and as far inland as the ,mississippi ,river4 ,they are also grown on the ,pacific ,coast to some extent1 but apparently no varieties have been recognized4 ,another nut which is confused with the ,japanese walnut is botanically known as ,juglans ,mandshurica4 ,in character of growth the tree quite resembles the ,japanese species1 but the nut resembles more our ,american butternut and sometimes they are confused4 ,a short time ago a gentleman in ,new ,jersey who had planted some nuts of the ,japanese varieties later cut down the mature trees because he thought they were ,american butternuts4 ,hazel-nuts ,it is never safe to use the term hazel without explaining that it correctly applies also to the species brought from ,europe and more commonly called filberts4 ,according to the late ,mr4 ,fuller1 the ,germans discriminated between hazels and filberts entirely by the shape of the husk4 ,a nut having a husk which extended and came together beyond the end of the nut was called filbert1 meaning beard4 ,those having shorter and more open husks1 so that the nut protruded1 were called hazels after the ,german word hassel1--hood1 in ,english4 ,it will readily be seen that once the nuts were separated from the husks1 it would be impossible by their classification to determine whether they were hazels or filberts4 ,the ,americans generally accept the use of the term hazel to apply to both the ,american and ,european species4 ,in the early history of our country extensive and persistent efforts were made to introduce the ,european hazels1 and no wonder1 for of all nut trees this species seems to yield most readily to garden culture4 ,they are readily capable of adapting themselves to most any kind of soil and even to rocky ledges which would be impossible to cultivate4 ,they attain their greatest perfection in good soil and1 under proper cultivation1 the trees come into bearing early and the nuts mature early in the fall1 well in advance of other species4 ,the hazel1 however1 like the chestnut has met with a fatal disease4 ,it is a blight which seems to exist everywhere except on the native species1 which are so far immune as to show little or none of its effects4 ,the ,american hazels1 however1 act as host plants to the blight1 which thus quickly spreads1 with fatal results1 to the ,european species4 ,of all the plantings which have been made during the past one hundred and fifty years1 it is safe to say that there are less than half a dozen hazel orchards in the eastern states which have not succumbed4 ,it seems quite probable that a golden opportunity is awaiting someone who is willing to go through the forests of our eastern states1 especially those in lower ,new ,england1 in search of individual hazels from which to propagate new varieties4 ,among the heavy bearing shrubs1 which exist in the section referred to1 it is certain that many hazels could be found well worth propagating4 99 99 99 99 99 ,turning now from this brief history of northern nut trees1 let us consider the future of the industry as viewed in the light of sound theory and actual observation4 ,it is unnecessary to present any argument why nut trees should be planted4 ,nuts afford the highest grade food known to science4 ,they are wholesome1 healthful1 strengthening1--in fact1 without a single objectionable feature so far as ,i know as an article of food and1 when one considers that food is the basis of human existence1 no further argument is necessary to warrant interest in one of the best foods known4 ,then how shall we advise the prospective grower of a nut orchard8 ,first1 let him determine what kinds of nuts thrive in his vicinity4 ,the prospective grower in the latitude of ,evansville can indulge himself to his heart's content1 for he can grow successfully the pecan1 ,english walnut1 black walnut1 butternut1 hazel and1 up to date1 the chestnut4 ,but1 success in growing any of these trees depends upon proper information1 proper varieties1 proper soil and proper care4 ,suppose a man1 in the ,evansville latitude1 for instance1 desires a pecan orchard4 ,what should he do8 ,his quickest way1 if he has wild seedling pecan trees growing on his farm1 would be to have the wild trees top-worked to well-known varieties4 ,if he has no seedling trees1 then his next best plan is to purchase budded trees of good varieties from some honest nurseryman1 set them not less than sixty feet apart and cultivate and care for them4 ,will they grow around fence corners and creek banks8 ,yes1 if you have plenty of time to wait4 ,they will not1 however1 be in a hurry1 and it may be your grandchildren who will gather the nuts4 ,but1 a cultivated orchard of budded pecan trees of the right varieties ought to come into commercial bearing as soon as does an apple orchard4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed of ,vincennes reports ,busserons that were budded fourteen months ago setting as high as sixteen nuts this year4 ,that is1 the second summer after they were budded4 ,if the trees are of the right varieties1 well cultivated1 in good soil1 and if you care enough for them to throw some fertilizer around them1 they will please you by their growth and soon become very profitable4 ,now suppose one wants an orchard of ,english walnuts4 ,almost identically the same instructions hold true4 ,if you have wild black walnut seedlings on your farm1 by all means have them top-worked to fine varieties of ,english walnut1 for the black walnut is the best root for the ,english walnut4 ,if you have no seedling trees1 go to some reputable nurseryman and buy known varieties of hardy ,english walnuts budded on hardy black walnut stocks4 ,set them not less than fifty feet apart and cultivate and care for them4 ,mr4 ,rush reports one of his budded ,rush trees four years old bearing fifty-seven walnuts this year4 ,i saw a ,rush in ,washington ,city the other day1 two years old1 carrying about a dozen walnuts2 also a ,hall1 of the same age1 carrying about the same number4 ,both trees were thrifty and not much over waist high1 and every terminal twig had from one to two nuts on it4 ,if you have wild hickory trees growing on your farm1 have them top-worked by the slip-bark or budding method to fine varieties of shagbarks4 ,in the absence of wild hickories1 ,i believe the future will prove that the next best method of starting an orchard of budded shagbark hickories is to buy them budded on hardy northern pecan stocks4 ,the hickory is not the best stock for the pecan because it is of slower growth1 and for the same reason the pecan ought to be the better stock for the hickory4 ,but the hickory does not grow as rapidly as does the ,english walnut or the pecan and requires more patience4 ,the hazels are going to afford a great field for the nut grower1 as they are native to a wide territory embracing the ,middle ,west1 the ,north and the ,east1 and ought to be profitable4 ,a few years ago ,i found a very fine large hazel growing on my farm in ,warrick ,county1 ,indiana4 ,i dug up some of the roots of this bush and planted them in my garden at ,boonville1 and in three years they were bearing fine clusters of hazels larger than those borne by the parent bush4 ,i think farmers would find it profitable to set out hedges of native hazel bushes around their fields and fences and on hillsides4 ,butternuts1 black walnuts and beechnuts also offer a fertile field for experiment4 ,any varieties of butternut or black walnut can be propagated by budding or top-grafting them on seedling stocks4 ,i should like to suggest that every farmer in the nut growing belt set aside at least ten acres of land for a nut orchard4 ,it will give him a new interest in life and afford him more pleasure and relief from the ordinary monotony of farm work1 ,i believe1 than any other line of work he can pursue4 ,if ,ponce de ,leon had planted a nut orchard in this country instead of wasting his time searching for the fountain of perpetual youth he could have spent his old days in interesting1 profitable and fascinating work instead of in despair and disappointment4 ,but some of the practical questions asked are1 ,what is the cost of a nut orchard8 and1 ,how soon will it bear8 and ,what will it be worth when it does bear8 ,no man can answer these questions with any degree of certainty1 for everything that man attempts has its drawbacks and disadvantages4 ,first-class budded nut trees cost from one to two dollars apiece4 ,the balance of the cost depends largely upon the intelligence and efficiency of the labor applied in setting and cultivating4 ,when will they bear8 ,that depends altogether upon who owns them4 ,if properly cared for they will begin setting some nuts in a few years and will increase the crop as the years go by4 ,a pecan tree ought to bear successfully for fifty years--possibly longer1 and ought to be bearing nicely in eight years if properly cared for4 ,but1 success depends upon the care and intelligence with which the original selection of trees and soil is made1 and upon proper cultivation4 ,i have set an orchard of northern varieties of pecans budded from the parent trees in the ,evansville section on my farm in ,maryland this spring4 ,the land cost me sixty dollars per acre4 ,when they are ten years old they ought to be worth at least five hundred dollars per acre4 ,i do not know how much more this grove of nut trees will be worth in ten years1 but ,i would not option them at the present time for that price4 ,i have about the same confidence in the ,english walnut4 ,i have always been conservative on these matters and always expect to be because in conservatism lies safety4 ,these figures ,i have given you are merely my personal opinion4 ,i have seen pecan groves ten and fifteen years old for which ,i would not have given any more than the land was worth on which they were growing4 ,if any one has a notion that he can make money in nut culture1 without intelligent exertion1 he had better go into some other line of business in which there are men having a fair degree of success with unintelligent effort4 ,i know of no nut grove in the whole ,united ,states that is succeeding without intelligent application1 and on the other hand ,i do not know of a single grove which with intelligent application is not succeeding4 ,i am a conservative-optimist4 ,i have been talking nut culture for a number of years and expect to see every hope and estimate which ,i have expressed fulfilled1 and after all has been said and considered my final advice is to ,plant ,nut ,trees4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,president3 ,the chair invites a very active discussion of this paper4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,it would be unkind to criticize so very instructive an address but there is one thing laid down in that paper ,i wish to speak about4 ,i believe we were told we must cultivate our nut trees4 ,i believe the fact is that in the greater portion of the ,united ,states1 we can grow trees1 even nut trees1 without cultivation4 ,if anybody doesn't believe that1 go to ,washington by the ,chesapeake ,railroad and you will see thousands of walnut trees along the way4 ,i believe the human race can grow trees on a hillside without cultivation1 and ,i want to suggest to persons putting out nut trees to put out a few in places where they don't have to be plowed1 and see if they don't get good results4 ,cultivation is not a fundamental element of agriculture or plant life1 but is the quick way to get results4 ,in many places in ,ohio the state experimental work in horticulture1 especially that carried on by ,f4 ,h4 ,ballou1 has done some wonderful things in waking up apple orchards that had not grown a quarter of an inch in years4 ,merely giving them food has caused them to wake up and bear4 ,i have seen them1 and know4 ,the books say that while apples may grow without cultivation1 peach trees must be cultivated in order to bear4 ,i have peach trees that are three years old in a rocky piece of ground4 ,i can't plow it but ,i have fed some of the peach trees and a few ,i did not1 that is not much1 and the ones that were fed as they should be are much the biggest and are bearing well4 ,my point is this1 keep the grass well scraped away to prevent trunk injury1 and feed even a peach tree and it will do well4 ,i think the same is true of the nut tree4 ,whether a tree that is set out1 liberally fed1 and the grass kept away will do as well without cultivation1 is a subject worthy of your consideration and experiment4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the chair especially desires to call attention to ,dr4 ,smith's remarks because he has made a very careful study of this question and his suggestions are worthy of very great consideration4 ,i have talked these things over with him a great deal and ,i commend his remarks especially to the ,association for discussion4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,in connection with the matter of cultivation ,i would also like to have ,mr4 ,reed discuss that4 ,i want to say1 however1 that1 in using fertilizers1 you will often very easily overdo the matter4 ,sometimes in my experience professionally1 ,i give a patient medicine enough to last a week1 with directions that a teaspoonful be taken twice a day1 and the patient may believe if she takes the entire bottle at one dose she will be well in an hour1 and consequently suffer from an overdose4 ,that same idea is sometimes carried out in the fertilization of trees by horticulturists4 ,you don't intend to do it but sometimes you can kill with kindness and be too good in feeding your trees if you don't understand how much fertilization the tree needs4 ,that is the idea1 you have got to give your trees the ratio that they need4 ,if you give them too much pie or pudding1 your trees will have indigestion and will not thrive and may die4 ,i have lost a great many good trees1 and a great many nut trees1 and have checked the growth of a great many by not realizing this4 ,i wish ,mr4 ,reed would speak to us about it4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,i want to state some experience ,i have had and when ,mr4 ,reed talks1 ,i wish he would give me some information4 ,i set out some pecan trees on my lawn in the front yard1 and of course there is not much cultivation there except around the trees4 ,it is like most other lawns in southern ,illinois1 mostly clay and what other soil we put on top4 ,now the clay is very hard and in setting the trees ,i had my man dig a hole three feet deep and two feet across and in setting the trees ,i packed good dirt around them4 ,the question is how should ,i feed those trees8 ,i have put barn manure around them and they are now growing and doing very nicely1 ,i want to know if ,i have pursued the right course4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,i believe this question of growing trees in fence corners and on hillsides is not so large a question4 ,the main thing is to give them plenty of water4 ,there is very little land in the ,mississippi valley that won't grow pecan trees or most any other kind1 if you will give them sufficient mulch and plenty of water1 because they take their food in the form of soup4 ,unless they have water1 they won't grow4 ,i believe the best cultivation you can give a tree of any kind is a good mulch of straw and manure4 ,you that have had experience in this part of the country know that is the best way to cultivate trees4 ,i grew a peach orchard once in one year1 but ,i have quit that1 ,i have learned better4 ,it is simply a question of water and plant food4 ,if you will mulch any kind of a tree1 nut tree or any kind1 with ten or fifteen inches of straw and stable manure1 you will have a steady growth from early spring until late in the fall1 and it will make a strong tree4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,while we are waiting for ,mr4 ,reed ,i want to take up ,mr4 ,mc,coy's soup suggestion4 ,water doesn't make good soup without something in it4 ,experiments show that you can mulch ground in some places and not wake up the tree1 but fertilizer will wake it up the first year4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,what kind of fertilizer did you use8 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,one must experiment to see what his land is short on4 ,sometimes you can fertilize your trees without any result4 ,sometimes potash will not do any good and sometimes it will4 ,you will have to see what your ground needs4 ,for young apple trees ,i found in my particular situation that nitrate of soda is all ,i want4 ,i have what is called a ,porter's clay soil on the ,blue ,ridge ,mountains of ,virginia4 ,i use that and then my trees get busy and grow4 ,they make rapid growth even the first season with a handful of nitrate and for my three year old trees half a pound is enough4 ,that is what my soil seems to need and we must use what the soil is short on4 ,that is my interpretation of my situation and it works4 ,,the ,,president3 ,who can tell us whether nitrate of soda is good for nut trees8 ,can you1 ,mr4 ,simpson8 ,,mr4 ,,simpson3 ,in the ,south1 we do not think so4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the reason ,i asked1 is that ,i have been studying that4 ,i wrote ,mr4 ,potter a letter suggesting that he use some on his young nut trees to see what it would do1 and later ,i found out that all through the ,south it was not regarded as desirable4 ,it seems they claim it starts pecan trees into an active growth but when they stop they make a very sudden stop and don't start growing any more4 ,i want to get this in the record right here4 ,you understand that is the general belief throughout the ,south1 do you not8 ,,mr4 ,,simpson3 ,yes sir1 it is not considered good4 ,,the ,,president3 ,dr4 ,smith has made a very careful study of fruit trees and knows its effect on them from experiments1 but it is well perhaps to consider fruit and nut trees separately4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,i should suggest to anybody who is thinking of working with trees1 to get some seedling pecans and plant them and then fertilize some of them and others not1 in the same kind of soil4 ,in that way he can get his own fertilizer conclusions at a small expense and then he will know what his own soil needs4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,we fertilized seedling pecans in a clay soil and we decided the trees we did not fertilize got along better than the ones we did4 ,of course that ground is better where the trees are than on the average farm4 ,we used nitrate of soda and potash but we decided the ones we didn't fertilize did the best4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,i put two pounds of nitrate of soda around each tree and the ,english walnuts ,i used it on budded out very shortly after using it1 but along about ,june they died4 ,the pecan trees we used it around grew fairly well1 but some of them1 one in particular1 appeared to remain dormant1 almost1 until about two months ago when it commenced growing and is now growing very rapidly4 ,so you see ,i don't know where ,i am at4 ,,the ,,president3 ,in writing you ,i did not understand the size of the tree4 ,on some trees ,i have been using a tablespoonful1 about that1 and ,i was afraid ,i got too much4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,evidently ,i got too much4 ,,the ,,president3 ,evidently we got mixed up on the quantity4 ,i know ,i never used more than two tablespoonfuls at any time and ,i should imagine two pounds would be a big overdose4 ,i remember talking to ,dr4 ,smith about that time about some old apple trees around which you can use five or six pounds of nitrate of soda and ,i suppose that is the way we got mixed up4 ,i must have had that in mind as ,i did not intend to advise that amount for young nut trees4 ,,mr4 ,,pomeroy3 ,how long a season should the tree keep growing8 ,from early spring to late in the fall8 ,my experience is they will stop about the first of ,august1 and let the wood ripen up and harden for the cold weather4 ,some might keep the trees growing longer1 but you will hurt the trees ,i think4 ,,the ,,president3 ,we have not heard from ,mr4 ,reed yet4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed3 ,i am glad the discussion has proceeded as it has since it has given me time to reconnoitre4 ,i hardly know what to say on this subject that ,professor ,smith has brought up4 ,i guess he knows what he is talking about so far as his experiments have taught him4 ,the department does not like to discourage a good thing nor to encourage a thing that is too risky4 ,there is one thing quite sure and that is that so long as nut trees are selling for from one dollar to two dollars apiece1 very few people are going to buy them and plant many of them on these hillsides and experiment with them4 ,people cannot afford to do that4 ,we have found1 taking the country over1 that nut trees thrive best when they are given treatment2 that is they must be given cultivation and fertilization2 be given some degree of attention the same as an apple or peach orchard4 ,colonel ,sober1 however1 will show you quite a different thing4 ,he will show you chestnut trees that are not cultivated at all1 so there is a staggering blow to my argument1 and yet ,colonel ,sober gets something like three and a half bushels to the tree4 ,you don't fertilize those trees1 do you1 ,colonel ,sober8 ,,colonel ,,sober3 ,no sir1 not at all4 ,haven't yet4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,so there is an argument that silences me and still it is true that we can't safely plant hickories and pecans without some degree of cultivation4 ,i don't think ,professor ,smith has planted any on these hills4 ,still we all agree with ,professor ,smith in a way4 ,something ought to be done to the surface to prevent the land from washing1 and there is no better way of doing that than by planting trees4 ,then the roots will prevent washing and they can take care of themselves better than a surface crop4 ,especially is this true on the hillsides1 so there is a good deal in ,professor ,smith's argument4 ,and yet there is the danger that those trees will be infected with disease and insects4 ,on plants and trees that are attended to and cultivated we find those pests will be kept in check4 ,so there are two sides to that argument4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,the point ,i raised was this1 that it is possible in some places to attain by fertilization the advantage that comes by cultivation in other places4 ,great things have been done without fertilization4 ,there are chestnut orchards in ,corsica of grafted trees1 ranging from the size of my wrist to eighteen to twenty feet in circumference4 ,they have not been fertilized in centuries1 and they yield enough to support the entire population4 ,,the ,,president3 ,we would like to hear from ,col4 ,van ,duzee1 and ,i want to say that1 as ,president of the ,national ,nut ,growers ,association1 he is well acquainted with these things4 ,i commend him to you and promise that whatever he may have to say to you is worthy of your very careful consideration4 ,i have the honor to belong to the association of which he is the president1 and know it is seldom we have an opportunity to hear men like him4 ,,col4 ,,van ,,duzee3 ,gentlemen1 ,i am going to side step this argument for ,i do not think it worth while taking up the time4 ,we are here for other purposes4 ,personal experiences are not the general rule because each one's experience differs from that of others4 ,we might all tell our personal experiences and after we were all through we would not have accomplished anything4 ,i want to take you back to the point from which we started this1 in order to know what we are talking about4 ,to illustrate what ,i want to say to you1 we can take the root pasture of a tree and analyze it in every possible way so as to bring to bear upon it the best judgment we have from all sources4 ,the tree grown upon a hillside has a root pasture which is entirely different in many ways from the root pasture in the river bottoms4 ,if we have a tree growing on a hillside in a soil that easily transmits moisture and it gives that tree constantly a stream of pure water going through its root system1 and there happens to be enough fertility in that vicinity1 that moisture is impregnated with plant food1 and the tree will get all it wants4 ,you can't speak in the same breath of the tree growing in the river bottoms whose entire root pasture is entirely different4 ,the root pasture may become contaminated by various things which may cause1 so to speak1 ptomaine poison4 ,therefore ,i say that every locality1 every soil1 every climatic condition1 every variety of tree must be taken as individual4 ,what would be good for an apple orchard in ,virginia might be fatal to an apple orchard immediately south of ,lake ,brie in ,ohio4 ,the use of commercial fertilizer that would be good in one locality would be bad in another4 ,therefore ,i disapprove of this kind of a discussion1 because we are not speaking to a definite point4 ,i want to bring your minds to this point1 that every individual tree and its locality1 and the man that is responsible for its welfare1 must be analyzed before you can speak intelligently about what must be done4 ,i am going to tell you the same story ,i told the societies at ,pharoa1 ,alabama4 ,they wanted me to talk on this subject and ,i said1 ,you remind me of a backwoods character ,i have come in contact with in the woods of ,florida who is ill and doesn't know what is the matter with him4 ,he knows he needs medicine and he goes down to the general store and buys a bottle of patent medicine recommended by the groceryman and he takes it and maybe it helps him and maybe it don't1 but if he don't get better he goes and gets advice from some other man like the grocer4 ,i said1 ,that is the way you are demonstrating fertilizer4 ,the first thing ,i would advise would be this3 to analyze the individual pasture of the individual tree and take everything that enters into the history of that tree and everything that bears upon it4 ,all the accumulated wisdom of others won't help us very much4 ,we have to use common horse sense4 ,we can't talk about these things generally4 ,in poor soil and under bad conditions the pecan tree will do nothing4 ,there are trees ,i know twenty-six or twenty-seven years old that are not as large as my wrist1 that have never borne a nut and never will4 ,i can also show you trees in that immediate vicinity1 planted at the same time from the same nuts with favorable conditions1 that are seventy or eighty feet high and bearing good crops of nuts4 ,those nuts came out of the same bag the same day1 and were planted by the same man in the same locality1 and that proves1 as ,i have said before1 that you cannot discuss things of this kind in general terms and it is a waste of the time of the association to do so4 ,i would be glad to answer definite questions as to definite points4 ,,the ,,president4 ,the next will be a talk by ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris of ,new ,york4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,mr4 ,chairman1 and ,members of the ,association3 ,my subject relates to personal experiences with hybridization work4 ,this is work which is to be done more and more by various members of our association1 and we are thus to create new species of trees4 ,nature's whole endeavor is to preserve the mean type among races of organisms4 ,there are mutants among all trees1 among the hickories and walnuts1 as well as among the peaches and pears4 ,in fact all species undergo mutation4 ,we select the most desirable mutants and we try to fix a given type by grafting and propagating4 ,seedlings will go back toward the mean type4 ,the mean type hickory1 walnut or chestnut is the type that nature wishes to preserve1 but these are not best for man's purposes4 ,what is best in nature's plan is not always best in man's plan4 ,we have got to dynamite nature4 ,we have got to put a charge of dynamite under nature's seat and blow her up1 in order to get what we want for our own purposes4 ,how do we do it8 ,how do we break up the mean type of a variety or species8 ,by crossing the flowers and bringing together the parents we wish to unite in the hope of growing new forms1 among which will be some that are particularly desirable for our purposes4 ,now in doing this work1 ,i have had to get by experience a number of points which will be of value to members of this association4 ,first1 in regard to collecting pollen4 ,sometimes species1 which we wish to cross1 flower at widely different times4 ,they bloom perhaps two or three or four or even six weeks apart1 and it is a question how long we can keep the pollen viable4 ,what can we do about it8 ,there are two good ways4 ,first1 get your branches of male flowers before they are open1 put them in cold storage1 or in an ice house1 or in a dark room1 and keep them anywhere from one to six weeks dormant4 ,when you want to use them1 and your trees of the pistillate flowers are ready1 take the branches of staminate flowers out of the ice house and put them in jars of water in a warm room in the sunshine4 ,they will blossom and make good pollen shortly4 ,another way is through correspondents living at a distance4 ,these correspondents will send you pollen from a species which blossoms later further north or earlier further south1 at the time which you wish for your pistillate flowers4 ,for instance1 in crossing chinkapins with oaks1 the chinkapins will blossom about the #abth of ,june in ,connecticut but most of the oaks are through blossoming by the #abth of ,may4 ,there we have a month's difference4 ,how can ,i use oak pollen upon my chinkapin trees8 ,i do this by sending away up to the northern limits of the growth of the oak tree1 up in ,canada4 ,the red oak tree blossoms there in ,june1 the same species that blossoms with me early in ,may4 ,pecan pollen that ,i wish to use upon shagbarks and walnuts ,i get from ,texas4 ,now how are we to keep pollen when we have collected it1 if we are not ready to use it immediately8 ,i have had pollen sent to me from a distance in tightly corked bottles4 ,it was probably ruined at the end of three or four days1 because it could not breathe4 ,every grain of pollen has to breathe just as surely as a red squirrel in the top of a tree has to breathe4 ,the pollen grain is a living organism1 and if it is sent in a closely corked bottle it smothers and dies4 ,you must have it sent in paper or wooden boxes in order to have it in good condition when it arrives1 and it must be kept in a cool place1 not too dry and not too damp4 ,if it is kept in a place that is too damp1 various fungi appear1 and begin to attack it at once4 ,if it is too dry1 it loses its water content1 and its protoplasm does not make combination with that of the other flower4 ,so we must keep our pollen in a cool place1 not too dry1 not too warm and not too moist1 and where it can breathe4 ,we may put it in cold storage but not at a temperature below freezing4 ,we may put it into the cold storage which florists use1 and keep it for a long while4 ,some pollen will keep1 viable for three weeks1 under these conditions1 possibly longer4 ,it is important to keep your pollen boxes open at the top4 ,they must be kept where the wind doesn't blow your pollen from one box to another4 ,i had not been impressed by that point until this year4 ,i had eight different kinds of pollen about the farm house1 in different rooms1 in order to be sure to keep them far apart4 ,one day on my arrival from town ready for pollenating a number of trees1 ,i found that a very neat housekeeper had found it undesirable to keep such boxes scattered about in so many places4 ,she had put them all neatly together in a closet on one shelf1 and there was none of the pollen that ,i could use1 because the wind had mixed the kinds all up4 ,i had eight kinds of pollen across which one kind of wind had blown4 ,there is one practical point in cross pollenizing flowers that ,i have recently learned4 ,pollen of one variety may not combine with the ovule of another variety or species but may stimulate the ovule to go on and develop all alone1 without taking to itself the added pollen4 ,that is a very important point1 and possibly a new point4 ,i was deceived1 and reported that ,i had crosses of certain trees1 and that such hybrids were growing4 ,i knew that the flowers of parent trees had been properly protected from their own pollen4 ,now when these young trees are two years of age1 ,i find they are true to one parent type2 so true that they are evidently not hybrids4 ,they have developed from the pistillate parent only4 ,in ordinary parthenogenesis the fruit grows without any pollen influence at all4 ,this forced parthenogenesis which ,i have described seems to be a phenomenon with which botanists are unfamiliar4 ,until ,i learn that it has been described and named by others ,i shall call it ,allergic ,parthenogenesis 7,allos1 ergon74 ,the pistillate flowers accept absolutely no pollen1 but go on and develop because of its impulse given4 ,in cross pollenizing flowers1 ,i find one point of great practical consequence4 ,when covering the female flowers with paper bags to protect them from their own pollen you give protection to a great number of insects4 ,the insects remain inside these bags and destroy the leaves and flowers4 ,they are protected there from their enemies1 predatory insects and the birds4 ,when the bags are taken off1 perhaps a week later1 for the purpose of adding pollen to pistillate flowers1 insects may have destroyed the leaves and even the flowers4 ,consequently1 ,i find it best to sprinkle the leaves with ,persian insect powder and to put some of it in the bags that are to cover the flowers4 ,insects can't live in an atmosphere of this insect powder4 ,they sneeze themselves to death4 ,i have taken the bags from leaves and flowers which were so badly injured by insects you could distinguish them at a considerable distance4 ,those are all the points that ,i jotted down for this address today1 but no doubt many other points will be brought out in the subsequent discussion4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,i would like to inquire how far it is possible under a microscopic examination to determine the species of the pollen4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,it is possible to determine the species but not the variety so far as ,i know4 ,it may be possible to determine a variety but ,i don't know the extent to which that is possible1 from microscopic examination of the pollen4 ,if we wish to know whether pollen is still good or not we may in twenty-four or forty-eight hours cause it to sprout1 and in that way know whether it is viable and good4 ,we may save ourselves a good deal of trouble by making this examination and determining whether or not a given lot of pollen is viable before putting it on the flowers4 ,we can cause it to sprout in a sugar solution4 ,,the ,,secretary3 ,what is the strength of the sugar solution8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,that is technical work and must be done by a plant physiologist4 ,he will do it for us at the ,state ,agricultural ,college and telegraph his report4 ,,mr4 ,,dorr3 ,is this work you have outlined of sufficient definiteness to get results8 ,that is the important thing4 ,we farmers sometimes discover a plan accidentally that will outclass anything we can get in an agricultural college4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,that is very important4 ,we are to produce nuts that are better1 and also in greater quantities4 ,the question if hybridizing work is valuable has been already answered in the case of roses and soft fruits4 ,our best types are largely the ones which have been secured by hybridization and the same will be true of nuts4 ,the subject has not been so largely taken up as yet with nuts4 ,very few of us are doing with nuts what has been done with other fruits4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the chair wishes to say that the members of this association have a very great and rare opportunity to secure information on this subject4 ,dr4 ,morris has made a very careful study of it4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,the more study ,i make1 the less ,i seem to know4 ,consequently ,i shall be very modest in my replies4 ,,mr4 ,,dorr3 ,i have been working with different things and find so many things ,i can't get at the truth4 ,in the last year ,i have made experiments in breeding cattle to get colors1 and ,i was agreeably surprised with my own success4 ,i want to know if you can get similar results4 ,i can observe the results so readily that ,i know exactly how ,i get them4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,as a general statement the same thing you get from working with animals we may expect to get in working with plants4 ,the protoplasm of plants is now known to act like that of animals1 but not quite so quickly or freely in response to cultural methods4 ,we can breed to size and breed to quality and character of fruit1 and we find we may do with plants just about what we do with animals1 only not quite so quickly1 because animal protoplasm responds more readily4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed3 ,i would like to ask if in a cross between the ,persian walnut and the shagbark hickory there is a cross pollenization1 or is it an increased vitality given by the pollen8 ,is there really a cross there8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i made one cross between the ,persian walnut and the shagbark hickory that was evidently a good hybrid4 ,it showed character of both parents1 but ,i lost that entire lot4 ,i wasn't careful enough in protecting them4 ,i have another lot of crosses between these two flowers in which the type often is so definitely shagbark hickory that ,i doubt if there is any walnut there at all4 ,under certain conditions we may get hybrids1 yet miss it at another time1 even when working with the same parents4 ,somebody has probably made a better study of this point and recorded better ideas4 ,i think we may safely say that we may expect an actual cross between some walnuts and hickories4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,would it be possible to cross the ,english walnut and the black walnut and produce a nut of superior quality8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,yes1 it is possible to cross them1 but you do not often get a nut of superior quality4 ,the tendency seems to be to have a nut of thick shell and of not high quality1 but if you make a thousand of those crosses1 out of the thousand you may get a few of just what you want4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,i want to ask if you are always careful to apply the pollen when it is well ripened8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,yes1 ,i have always been careful to apply it at just the time when it was well ripened1 and that is of great importance in its bearing upon ,mr4 ,reed's question4 ,if ,i have pollen which is quite ripe ,i may perhaps catch it upon an ovule1 but if it is not ripe ,i won't got the cross4 ,i may add it a little too early or too late when the pistillate flower is unprepared and ,i won't get a cross4 ,if ,i get my pollen just at the right time upon the pistillate flowers ,i may have a good cross1 between varieties which do not cross readily4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,in my experience in breeding apples1 formerly ,i always waited until the pollen was ripe1 and that meant ,i had to cover the blossoms with bags and depend on the weather for conditions favorable to pollenation4 ,but four or five years ago ,i began pollenating much earlier and ,i have had good results4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,that is a very important point4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,by doing that ,i know it is pollenated4 ,i have been failing so many years ,i felt it was a loss of all the first part of the work4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,it is a great convenience to be able to pollenate at the same moment when you emasculate4 ,a ,,member3 ,i would like to have you kindly explain to what extent cross pollenation can be made practical to the ordinary grower4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,let's say that in case of the butternut we wish to experiment with removal of the thick shell1 and also to obtain less of that strong oily flavor2 we wish to get rid of those two things4 ,in order to do that ,i would first think of the ,japanese walnut1 juglans cordiformis1 which has a much thinner shell and is less oily and more bland4 ,crosses between this ,japanese walnut and the butternut we may fairly expect will sometimes give us a large1 thin shelled butternut of good character4 ,the next question is1 who is going to do it8 ,the men about my place are pretty busy1 and this is rather delicate work4 ,it is going to be a most inspiring field for the young folks and the ladies1 because it is nice1 pretty1 ladylike work1 and beside that its returns may be large4 ,if your little daughter1 ten years of age1 knows that she may get #b1jjj for a single cross that she has made1 it is stimulating1 because it is not every child ten years of age who can put #b1jjj in the bank1 as personal earnings of increment4 ,,mr4 ,,mosely3 ,i would like to ask just what results you expect from the cross pollenization of these nuts1 and just how far they will differ from the parent type8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,you are bound to have continuance of one parent type1 but in crossing with pollen from hybrids you may carry desirable characteristics through a series of generations and breed for what is wanted1 possibly to the sixth generation or even further with some species4 ,,mr4 ,,mosely3 ,then the type is not fixed until pollenization8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,by selecting the one showing the dominant characteristics you wish to preserve1 you could breed through several generations and have an ideal type eventually4 ,,mr4 ,,doan3 ,i would like to ask how far the buds are developed in cold storage before the pollen can be used8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,for instance1 take the hazel when its catkins are just beginning to elongate4 ,it may be put in the ice house and kept there1 for two or three weeks dormant4 ,when we wish to develop those flowers we put the branches in a jar of water in a warm room and in about three days the plants are shedding pollen4 ,i got some hazel catkins this spring that were elongating4 ,it was the latter part of ,february when we had one or two warm days and ,i believed my pistillate hazels were about ready for pollen4 ,i got those branches from ,rochester4 ,we had unexpected cold weather and storms and my pistillate hazels did not bloom until more than two weeks later4 ,i kept these undeveloped catkins that ,i had received in a cold dark place4 ,when ,i wanted to use them ,i put them in a jar of water and in less than three days they were shedding pollen freely1 at a time when my pistillate flowers were ready for pollen4 ,,mr4 ,,mosely3 ,i would like to know the object in crossing the oak on the chinkapin4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,my idea is to get a chinkapin tree twice as large as an oak1 perhaps4 ,i shall hope to have a chinkapin tree as sturdy as the red oak1 with nuts larger than acorns and of as good quality as the chinkapin nut4 ,of course that extravagant possibility only appeals to one with a speculative nature4 ,,the ,,president3 ,pursuant to the authority conferred on the ,president this morning1 the following committees are announced3 ,on ,nomination--,robert ,t4 ,morris1 ,chairman3 ,c4 ,p4 ,close1 ,j4 ,l4 ,doan1 ,r4 ,t4 ,olcott1 ,c4 ,a4 ,reed4 ,exhibits--,prof4 ,c4 ,p4 ,close1 ,chairman2 ,j4 ,p4 ,wilkinson1 ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl1 ,colonel ,sober1 ,w4 ,c ,reed4 ,resolutions--,w4 ,o4 ,potter1 ,chairman2 ,h4 ,r4 ,weber1 ,j4 ,russell ,smith4 ,the chair also wishes to place an additional member on the membership committee1 in the place of ,mr4 ,corsan1 who has not been able to attend the last two meetings1 and will appoint ,leon ,d4 ,batchellor of ,utah4 ,committee on ,revision of ,constitution and ,rules--,prof4 ,c4 ,p4 ,close1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,deming4 ,i will also add to the committee on nomenclature ,c4 ,a4 ,reed and ,r4 ,l4 ,mc,coy4 ,,the ,,president3 ,we have a few minutes before time for adjournment and ,mr4 ,evans1 a dynamite man1 will speak to us4 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,mr4 ,chairman3 ,the question arises as to what kind of dynamite to use in the different soils4 ,most pecan land contains clay and can best be worked by dynamite4 ,don't buy ordinary dynamite1 because it is too high an explosive4 ,for several reasons it is not the kind of an explosive you wish4 ,in some places dynamite can hardly be put on the market as many people are afraid of it and so the word dynamite has been eliminated1 and we now have what we call ,red ,cross ,farm ,powder4 ,it will work in any part of the country1 it is not a high explosive and the price is lower as the hardware dealers have it direct from the ,dupont companies4 ,by using this ,red ,cross ,farm ,powder1 less labor is required and it doesn't cost very much4 ,for labor and all it will cost you about five cents per hole1 and that includes the dynamite caps1 fuse and labor4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,how much do you use8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,that depends on the soil and also on the depth to which you want to shoot the hole4 ,nurserymen have different opinions on that subject1 but in the southern field where ,i have been working they usually go from two and a half to three feet deep4 ,they use one-half stick #bj per cent dynamite1 or one quarter of a pound as it weighs two sticks to the pound4 ,that should make a hole two and a half or three feet deep4 ,fuse is cheap and you should use plenty of it4 ,a man has to be governed always by the kind of soil he is dealing with4 ,,mr4 ,,pomeroy3 ,in shooting an old apple orchard how deep would you go8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,where ,i have been working from three and a half to four feet1 but as ,i said before it will depend largely on the soil4 ,,mr4 ,,pomeroy3 ,how far from the body of the tree8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,i have never made a study of that4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,in limestone soil1 for instance1 built up with clay1 how near the trees would you use the dynamite if you want to loosen up the soil8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,what kind of trees8 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,pecan4 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,about six feet4 ,i think that is close enough4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,would you make more than one hole around the tree8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,use your own judgment about that4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,how far out will it loosen or break up the ground8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,probably six feet4 ,you can distinguish on the top of the ground where it takes place4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,how deep will it be8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,about a foot deeper than the charge is placed4 ,,the ,,secretary3 ,with me the most important thing in using dynamite is the question of headache4 ,i used the #bj per cent at first and it had no effect4 ,i had heard of its causing headaches and knew some people couldn't use it but ,i thought ,i was immune4 ,then ,i began to use #gj or #hj per cent and ,i got knocked out for twenty-four hours4 ,the more ,i used it the more susceptible ,i became4 ,when ,i went back to handling the lower percentages ,i got the same results1 was completely knocked out and had to go to bed4 ,sometimes the effect would come on a long time after ,i used the dynamite1 perhaps hours afterwards1 and the headache would increase1 until ,i was intensely nauseated and had to give up entirely4 ,is there anything to prevent that8 ,is it caused by the fumes after the explosion8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,some say it is from handling the dynamite1 others say it is the fumes after the explosion4 ,red ,cross has ammonia in it and that ought to help some4 ,dynamite contains nitro glycerine and if you handle it bare handed it gets in the pores of the skin and causes rapid heart action4 ,in dynamiting holes for tree planting you will get the fumes and you will get a headache4 ,if a man could work with gloves on he could avoid this to a very great extent4 ,you can't do it easily but if you can do it without taking off the gloves ,i don't think it would bother you much4 ,i neglected to state that dynamite by itself is not dangerous because it will withstand shock or fire or anything like that4 ,the danger is in the cap4 ,it contains the most powerful explosive known4 ,if you handle them carefully1 there is absolutely no danger4 ,this year we are slipping little copper disks into the caps with a pin hole for the fire to strike through4 ,,mr4 ,,hargis3 ,i have difficulty in making the shots4 ,should you put your cap at the bottom or the top of the stick8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,i should advise the top4 ,a misfire is always expensive4 ,if you think it is necessary put in a cap in the bottom and one in the top4 ,,mr4 ,,pomeroy3 ,if you have a misfire and the men don't like to monkey around it1 and neither do you1 just step off a few inches and stick in another one and let her go4 ,will that fix the stick that didn't go off8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,that is the safest way4 ,,mr4 ,,hargis3 ,in tamping say you have a hole in a rock four feet4 ,i have had men tell me to pour the hole full of water4 ,is that right8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,that is the best method known4 ,in tree planting you will always have to use your own judgment4 ,go down four or five or six feet to learn the character of the soil1 tamp the cartridge well and as fuse is not expensive1 always use plenty of it4 ,,the ,,president3 ,any further discussion of this1 or any further questions on the use of dynamite8 ,,mr4 ,,doan3 ,mr4 ,president1 ,i would like to mention a method ,i found helpful4 ,that is to make two holes in the cartridge1 one diagonally down from one side1 thrusting the fuse bearing the cap through that1 and then making a hole diagonally in the other side and thrusting the cap in it4 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,we do not advocate using that method because dynamite will become ignited from the fuse and will burn4 ,to be frank with you that is the method we use1 but the company does not approve of it and we should not use it4 ,you are liable to have a misfire4 ,in warm weather there is no danger but in cold weather don't use it4 ,the best method is to bore right in at an angle of forty-five degrees4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,do you advise us to use dynamite8 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,yes1 we have men making a business of it4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,to be frank with you ,i don't like to use it4 ,,mr4 ,,evans3 ,dynamite is not dangerous4 ,it is the caps1 though they look safe4 ,it is that white stuff in the dynamite cap4 ,there is where the danger is4 ,,the ,,president3 ,we will stand adjourned until #a o'clock4 99 99 99 99 99 ,re-convened at #a ,p4 ,m4 ,,the ,,president3 ,i will ask ,w4 ,c4 ,reed to state something of his program for ,saturday so the members may know about it4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed3 ,our plans for ,saturday morning are that we are leaving ,evansville at #g3cj1 arriving in ,vincennes at #i3cj2 several automobiles will be in waiting there to take all the party out to the nurseries and get back to the station for the #b o'clock train going north to ,oaktown1 where there will be automobiles in waiting to take us out to see the original ,busseron and ,indiana trees1 coming back to ,oaktown in time for the #f3dj train south1 arriving in ,vincennes at #g3jg1 or the train north out of ,oaktown to ,terre ,haute1 to connect for ,pittsburgh over the ,pennsylvania ,lines or ,big ,four if anyone wants to go that way4 ,we would like to have everyone go with us ,saturday1 if possible1 and would also like to know sometime this afternoon before we adjourn how many are going1 so ,i can notify them tonight how many automobiles there will be needed at each point4 ,,the ,,president3 ,that is rather an important visit for the members to make for two or three reasons4 ,those of you who haven't had the opportunity of seeing the pecan propagated in ,mr4 ,mc,coy's nursery will get a chance to see ,mr4 ,reed's nursery2 and you will get to see the parent trees of two good northern ,varieties4 ,we know very much depends on the location of the original parent tree1 notwithstanding it is sometimes said it is the location of the nursery that determines the hardiness4 ,we know that has nothing to do with it4 ,you cannot1 by putting a tree in a nursery for six months1 change its nature4 ,if you take this trip ,saturday1 you will have a chance to see the ,busseron and the ,indiana4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,we will also visit the ,niblack tree if we have time4 ,,the ,,president3 ,i would suggest that all go who can4 ,i want also to urge all of you to make the trip tomorrow and see the big seedling pecan trees bearing nuts hanging almost to the ground4 ,you cannot always see that because usually they are so tall4 ,i also want to call your attention to the exhibits in the other room4 ,mr4 ,wilkinson has a very fine collection in there4 ,col4 ,sober has some very fine exhibits of chestnuts1 both of burrs and nuts1 and ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed has a very fine collection and possibly there are many others ,i should mention4 ,you ought to examine all of them1 because the only way of drawing correct conclusions about these things comes from careful study1 and it cannot be done hastily4 ,the next on the program this afternoon will be ,mr4 ,mc,coy's talk4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,i have no set speech to make ,i thought maybe there were some things ,i might say to be a help to some of you2 some things that would have been lots of help to me a year or two ago from some one1 because nut trees are more difficult than any other nursery stock to propagate1 and for another reason it is more difficult in the ,north than in the ,south4 ,mr4 ,paul ,white and ,mr4 ,ford ,wilkinson have both worked in the ,north and in the ,south1 and after coming back home these boys say that anybody can propagate pecans in the ,south1 but with us it is different4 ,we have kept at it1 though1 and our president has been our good friend and has always helped us out4 ,there have been three of us incessantly at the work4 ,mr4 ,littlepage would come down home and get us together and ginger us up1 and we would go back and go to work and try again4 ,it has been one continuous line of failures1 but every year we have learned some things1 or at least learned how not to do it4 ,this spring we were fortunate in having an expert from the ,south who came to my nursery and stayed there until midsummer1 and we saw our own work compared with his4 ,we all had great respect for him and he is able1 too4 ,i don't think he had much respect for us when he got here but he had a whole lot when he went away for he made a miserable failure like the rest of us4 ,mr4 ,jones1 you know1 is an authority on grafting4 ,he is the man that introduced it to the nut world1 at least in the ,east4 ,i think it had been tried in ,california before4 ,we have tried his methods and everything else that government experts or any other expert told us about1 and we have read all the magazines that were published from the ,south to the ,north4 ,everything seemed to be a failure and finally ,i got disgusted and said ,we will do it to suit ourselves4 ,after we had tried all the hard ways in ,christendom ,i think we have at last found an easy way to do it4 ,like everything else it is easy when you know how4 ,i believe it is a fact--and ,i am saying nothing but what ,i believe--,i don't believe you will ever successfully graft pecan trees in the ,north1 unless you equalize your sap flow by pruning your roots4 ,i tried it and failed4 ,it is possible you may be able to side graft under most favorable conditions4 ,you may make a side graft take if you leave the top on to take care of the extra sap flow4 ,you take off the top of a pecan tree1 or any other nut tree in this country1 and you ruin your root system because your sap comes with such vengeance--and it comes6 ,one day there is no show of sap and the next day it comes with vengeance4 ,differences in the soil1 of course1 makes some difference4 ,at ,mr4 ,littlepage's place1 ,paul had the sap a week before ,i did and ,mr4 ,wilkinson had it four days before4 ,a great many of our top works are going to the bad because we ruined the root system when we cut the tree4 ,and ,i want to say it again1 ,i don't believe we can make a success of it in the ,north4 ,you may do it in ,oregon where you have a distributed sap flow4 ,the ,oregon fellows say you can't bud1 because they don't know how4 ,they say the only way you can produce trees is to graft4 ,that may be true out there but you can't graft in ,indiana1 ,i know1 especially on my place4 ,of course the soil of each particular farm has something to do with it4 ,to illustrate my point1 the first year ,i was in the state of ,wisconsin1 on the #bjth of ,june1 ,i was out in the country and saw a man setting tobacco4 ,i knew him and ,i said1 ,won't that tobacco get frost bit8 and he said1 ,i reckon not4 ,it might but it never did4 ,i thought it would1 but ,i went that way in two weeks again and ,i changed my mind4 ,i had been used to seeing tobacco growing in the ,ohio valley where it does its growing in the latter part of the season4 ,in the ,south the sap flow is much better distributed than it is in the ,north4 ,now1 then1 ,i have brought a board along with these young trees stuck in it1 because ,i thought some of the members would like to see a demonstration4 ,the tools ,i have here are not adequate1 hardly1 for the job4 ,for a tree that size we take a saw to it4 7,here ,mr4 ,mc,coy makes a demonstration of cleft grafting47 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,would you have a scion as long as that in actual work8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,many of them are1 but it would be better smaller1 probably4 ,that is a matter ,i don't think there is much to1 whether the scion has one bud or ten4 ,i think three is perhaps about right4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,they come together right there8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,exactly on the front side4 ,now you understand this grafting is done when the sap is flowing1 or about the time the sap flow begins4 ,usually at our latitude here you will commence grafting anywhere from the #fth of ,april to about that time in ,may4 ,of course when you are cutting trees at that time you have got an immense flow of sap4 ,mr4 ,jones tried this method without drainage1 that is the way they do out in ,louisiana1 but he only got ten per cent to stick1 so we had to work out a drainage for ourselves4 ,take a piece of heavy wrapping paper1 rather good quality such as you can get at any paper store1 and put it right over your graft1 and a little bit below the cut on your stock4 ,then simply take a piece of raffia and wrap4 ,then make the ordinary tie that anyone knows how to make with the cotton or twine1 or sometimes with the raffia1 and you have the drainage of this paper4 ,the tie1 of course1 is simply to re-enforce the strain on the graft and hold it4 ,then you apply the grafting wax4 ,the one we use is three of resin1 one of beeswax1 and lampblack and a little bit of linseed oil4 ,cover up the graft entirely1 except don't cover over the lower end of this paper because there is the drainage where the sap flows out4 ,then you put an ordinary paper sack right over it1 and leave it on for about three weeks4 ,a ,,member3 ,you don't tie the paper below the raffia8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,that does not make any difference4 ,a ,,member3 ,at what time do you cut a hole in the bag to give it air1 or do you do that8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,not for two or three weeks4 7,mr4 ,mc,coy now gives a demonstration in budding47 ,we will suppose this is a seedling and ,i want to bud it4 ,i place my budder on like that4 ,now ,i have got my shield up4 ,now ,i lay my budder on the stock something like that4 ,,mr4 ,,smith3 ,why not wrap over the bud8 ,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,because it will injure it4 ,it is essential to cover all the cut surface you can4 ,make it waterproof at the top1 and have it open at the bottom4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,how long does that stay on the bud8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,i don't know as that makes any difference unless you want to force the bud4 ,,mr4 ,,mcelderry3 ,when do you take that off8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,i don't know as that makes any difference4 ,i have thousands of them that have been on five or six weeks4 ,i take it off when action begins4 ,it varies1 it may be two weeks and it may be six and it might be six months4 ,if you have maximum budding conditions generally the tree itself will tell the story4 ,we frequently take it off and have to rewrap4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed3 ,would ten days be too quick8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,in most cases1 yes4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,fruit trees is two weeks1 but pecan trees are not quite as quick8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,pecan trees will come through the rye about as quick as a peach tree4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,i am talking about cherry trees4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,i think about twenty or twenty-five days is about right4 ,you know as well as ,i do that cases are not all alike1 and you have to know when to unwrap4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,how can you tell this if the bud is covered up8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,you can tell easy enough if the bud is alive1 just like anything else4 ,,mr4 ,,mosely3 ,you say you can't graft pecan trees here8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,i don't think so4 ,,mr4 ,,webber3 ,what do you graft8 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,and what will you do about the nut trees8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,i will bud4 ,,mr4 ,,webber3 ,what value is the grafting to us8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,you may be able to graft4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed3 ,we can graft4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,maybe you can1 but ,i can't4 ,i don't think root grafting is a success1 although we have some fine trees that are root grafted4 ,i don't know what it is but there is something wrong2 some of them are all right1 to be sure but ,i don't find it a general success4 ,of the two methods1 grafting and budding1 ,i will bud4 ,,mr4 ,,hargis3 ,mr4 ,mc,coy1 ,i have a number of seedling pecan trees in good healthy condition and ,i want to transform them into good bearing trees4 ,what shall ,i do8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,mr4 ,littlepage will cover that4 ,,the ,,president3 ,i don't know about that1 whether ,i can or not1 but that will come later4 ,there is one thing that ought to be covered1 or demonstrated here1 and that is the method of working the hickory and the pecan by the slip bark method4 ,i think the slip bark method in the hickory and pecan is a method that everybody ought to know1 and also this ought to be used with the walnut tree4 ,some of the walnuts ought to be top worked to ,english walnuts in the ,north4 ,and it's the same way with the hickory through this section4 ,there are thousands and tens of thousands that ought to be top worked to fine shagbarks1 and ,i am going to call on ,mr4 ,white who is the most successful man in this topwork method ,i have ever seen4 ,i top worked twenty-six this spring1 and got twenty-three to grow2 he did twenty-two and made twenty-one grow1 so that record beats mine4 ,i will say also to those of you who are interested1 get a copy of ,mr4 ,olcott's ,nut ,journal and you will see a lot of good cuts showing the results of top working4 ,to those of you who do not know ,mr4 ,white ,i will say that he is associated with me in some tree work and ,i think he is perhaps one of the most successful top workers ,i have ever seen4 ,paul1 you will now give us your demonstration4 7,paul ,white now gives demonstration of top working47 ,,mr4 ,,riehl3 ,i would like to say a few things right here1 ,i don't want to be thought altogether idle4 ,i live in ,illinois1 your neighboring state4 ,i have learned lots of good things here and ,i want to give a little4 ,i have been experimenting in the nut business for some time2 ,i have studied propagation and there is one point ,i think will be new to you4 ,i had difficulty in propagating hickories and pecans until ,i got the thought of hermetically sealing the scion4 ,i first used gum shellac1 but later ,i found that by covering the scion with grafting wax completely it serves the same purpose as the paper4 ,it takes the place of all that wrapping1 except right at the wound1 and does away with the sacks4 ,i have tried them and ,i much prefer covering with grafting wax4 ,your buds will come right through the wax1 and you don't have to bother about taking off the sacks1 and there is no danger of leaving the sacks on too long4 ,,the ,,president3 ,that is a very good suggestion1 ,mr4 ,riehl4 ,there might be some discussion of that4 ,it occurs to me that with that method it is very essential you have the right kind of grafting wax1 otherwise it might injure your bark4 ,are there any suggestions or questions before we finish the grafting demonstration8 ,,mr4 ,,riehl3 ,i wish to emphasize the fact that the wax must not be too hot4 ,,the ,,president3 ,what is your formula1 ,mr4 ,riehl8 ,,mr4 ,,riehl3 ,four of resin1 two of beeswax and one of linseed oil4 ,,the ,,president3 ,are there any further questions8 ,,mr4 ,,dorr3 ,suppose ,i wanted to get a certain variety of tree by grafting4 ,for instance if ,i couldn't buy the white ,heath ,cling peach then my only resource would be to bud on another tree4 ,but suppose ,i struck a nursery where ,i could get good seedlings of this tree4 ,wouldn't a natural tree be preferable to the budded one8 ,,the ,,president3 ,there are no true seedlings1 so far as ,i know4 ,,mr4 ,,dorr3 ,do you mean there are none at all true to seed8 ,,the ,,president3 ,no1 nut trees do not come true to variety4 ,in other words1 ,mr4 ,dorr1 ,i might put it this way4 ,in the big ,green ,river orchard over here there are some of the very best pecan trees1 but those of us who have been observing them for years have found it is only through propagation we can get a ,green ,river and a ,major4 ,it would be a failure to get the nuts and plant them and hope to get the varieties that exist there1 just as it would to plant some nut that grows a hundred miles away1 because the pollen up and down the river would mix in these varieties4 ,it is the same way with the walnut1 when you undertake to plant an ,english walnut and get it true to the seed1 you are going to have a failure4 ,if you plant a ,rush walnut you may get a nut that resembles it but there is no probability of its being a true ,rush walnut4 ,that is why we have these discussions of budding and grafting4 ,we should be glad if seedlings would come true but they do not4 ,i will show you tomorrow1 at ,enterprise1 the great variety of seedling pecans1 and ,i want you to look them over well4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,may ,i answer his question8 ,i think he asked1 which is better the tree from the nursery1 the natural tree1 or a grafted tree8 ,,the ,,president3 ,if he did1 ,i didn't understand4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,that was the question1 and ,i will say he can't find a ,heath ,cling1 unless it is top worked4 ,,mr4 ,,dorr3 ,some farmers who have tried a great many experiments hold to this theory3 ,if you select the seed properly you can produce fruit as good as the nurseries produce it4 ,the things the schools teach don't coincide with what those practical farmers observe4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,when you try to find farmers more practical than these men here1 you have got some to find4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the farmer who says he can do that is mistaken4 ,,mr4 ,,dorr3 ,he says the same thing about you4 ,when ,i buy a grafted tree a storm comes along and breaks it where it was grafted4 ,if ,i can get a perfect seedling ,i will have a stronger tree4 ,,mr4 ,,mcelderry3 ,the very thing he is inquiring about has cost ,posey ,county thousands of dollars4 ,men tell them they have trees that are better than the nurserymen sell and they bite and find they are mistaken4 ,but they get them and pay from ten to fifteen cents more than they would to the dealer4 ,there is no man on earth that can keep the ,heath ,cling true in that way1 or any other variety on earth4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,i want to say a word4 ,two or three people have made the statement here that it is absolutely impossible to propagate any peach or other fruit true from seed4 ,we have been doing it for years4 ,i believe the orchard peach will come true to the seed4 ,with apples there are groups that will come true to the group but not the variety4 ,,the ,,president3 ,i am glad to hear that statement4 ,i have understood that the ,indian peach will come true to that group but it will not be the big ,indian peach you have planted4 ,it is a fact that some of those groups have a tendency to come true to the group4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,yes1 they come true to the group and so will apples4 ,,mr4 ,,dorr3 ,may ,i ask another question8 ,what has become of some of those beautiful1 delicious seedlings in southern ,indiana they had when ,i was a boy8 ,,the ,,president3 ,the same thing that became of ,washington and ,lincoln--they died4 ,,mr4 ,,mcelderry3 ,it is a boy's taste1 not the peach1 that makes it seem better than the ones we have now4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed3 ,i feel that ,mr4 ,mc,coy discouraged us too much about grafting4 ,i think either method he used will succeed very well4 ,the main point is the time of the year it is done4 ,up to a year ago we began grafting a few days after the first of ,april1 and continued up to the first of ,may1 and our success varied from ninety per cent to nothing4 ,we decided there was too much sap and went to budding4 ,the last grafting we did gave us the only real good stand we got1 that which we did from the first to the tenth of ,may4 ,we had as good results then as we did in budding4 ,,the ,,president3 ,that is good1 ,mr4 ,reed4 ,i think those facts ought to be brought out and made a matter of a record4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,i think it is more the time in grafting than anything else4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,mr4 ,reed has a clay soil and that does not furnish the rapid flow of sap that a warm sandy soil does4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,you would have to begin grafting earlier4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,yes sir4 ,,mr4 ,,white3 ,do you leave that cover of paper on when you coves it with wax8 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,on part of them we did and on part of them we did not4 ,in grafting walnut trees this season we left some of it on4 ,,mr4 ,,woods3 ,just a question as to the strength of that slip grafting4 ,will it blow off easily8 ,,mr4 ,,white3 ,the first year it will blow off a little bit easily4 ,the first year you will have to tie it4 ,,the ,,president3 ,are there any further suggestions8 ,if not the next thing on the program will be a talk by ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith of the ,university of ,pennsylvania4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,mr4 ,chairman1 and ,ladies and ,gentlemen3 ,we have to educate the public--my good friend down by the window1 ,i hope he will not take my remarks personally--is a case in point4 ,he has come in with an argument1 which the gentlemen next him says has cost his county lots of money4 ,i am a grower of apples1 an experimenter in nuts and ,i raise peaches to eat4 ,i am planting seedling peaches and ,i know that when ,i go on that hillside of mine ,i can get little red seedling peaches and plant them and get the same kind1 which have1 ,i think1 as much sugar and flavor as any big peach two inches or two and a half in diameter4 ,i raise them true to the type too1 but ,i would not think of putting out a commercial orchard of seedling peaches4 ,my neighbor tried it1 to his financial sorrow4 ,but it is surprising how this seedling error sticks4 ,people are going to be buying seedling trees twenty-five years hence and thinking they are getting the best to be had4 ,here is an article that bears me out4 ,here is an editor who has published a very glaring thing4 ,this is ,no4 #aci1 ,vol4 #aac of a paper devoted primarily to ginseng4 ,this question was asked3 ,what do you know about the ,pomeroy ,english walnut trees and fruit8 and the editor answers3 ,the ,pomeroy walnut trees are all right and you will find at least nineteen out of twenty hardy4 ,that is what ,i find here and we often get it down to #bj below zero4 ,the nuts are of good quality4 ,beware of the ,pomeroy trees offered by the ,rochester nurserymen4 ,these are grafted trees4 ,pomeroy raises his trees on their own roots1 all of them are true seedlings1 and that is why once in a great while one turns out tender4 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,,russell ,,smith ,president of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association ,,mr4 ,,dorr3 ,i believe ,i am as old as you are and have gone the same gait exactly4 ,i lost my job and went to farming4 ,i was once a college professor1 too1 but there are things ,i find now ,i didn't find then4 ,two nurserymen come to me and sell me two ,grimes ,golden apples4 ,i plant them side by side and they do not turn out alike4 ,why not if they are grafted trees8 ,i am not knocking1 you misunderstand me1 ,i am a truth seeker4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,i believe that4 ,we always find something we didn't buy4 ,my head man says they jump in4 ,i have some very fine specimens that came by accident1 and of course we have a certain amount of bud variation4 ,we find variety even by propagation4 ,the trees will vary the same as people will but they will vary a great deal more if we get the seedlings4 ,the successful growth of nuts1 as of any other fruit1 demands the use of top worked trees from the best known parentage4 ,that is the way we do with apples1 peaches1 pears1 and cherries4 ,nuts will have to come in the same class from the best known parentage4 ,the big thing today is to find out the best known parentage and then spread knowledge so that no editor will be capable of fooling people as in the article ,i read a few minutes ago4 ,that is point number one4 ,my point number two is a different one4 ,it is the question of the names of the varieties of northern nut trees1 particularly the names of the pecan trees4 ,twenty years from now there will be a million people in the ,north who will gravely tell us the pecan grows down ,south1 not in ,indiana1 and that you can't grow them up here4 ,i haven't a doubt there will be a million people that will believe that twenty years hence4 ,how can we get that idea out of their heads8 ,i think we have an agency in the mere names of the trees which will cause people to buy more1 yes a hundred thousand or two hundred thousand more trees1 than they do at the present time4 ,if we pick out one name1 ,indiana1 what does it mean8 ,it will make a man ask questions1 and if he has any curiosity at all he will want to know if it grows in ,indiana and if it will grow in any state with practically the same latitude as ,indiana4 ,but if he hears the name ,schley1 what does it mean8 ,nothing1 because practically everybody has quit thinking about ,admiral ,schley4 ,i recall eight varieties of northern pecans three of which have good names and three perfectly worthless ones4 ,indiana1 ,kentucky and ,green ,river are the good ones4 ,green ,river is the least valuable because it is not well enough known4 ,indiana and ,kentucky are great names because they are the names of great states4 ,then we have ,busseron1 ,warrick1 ,posey and ,buttrick4 ,the ,busseron nut which grows up at ,vincennes ought to be renamed ,vincennes4 ,there will be thousands more sold in ,vincennes when it is known from the name that it did not originate in ,pennsylvania but that it is a product of ,vincennes4 ,my point is this1 it gets a name that shows it to be a northern product4 ,i am not going to fight for that particular name but it is growing at ,vincennes and that is a perfectly good reason for it to be named after that well known city4 ,now we come to the ,posey4 ,it grows on the banks of the ,wabash and ought to be named the ,wabash4 ,nobody knows anything about ,posey ,county and what the reason is for the name1 but the banks of the ,wabash where it grows have been made famous in song4 ,we can hook a sign on that pecan that will sell twenty or thirty thousand more ,poseys than are sold now4 ,next we have the ,buttrick which is found growing in ,illinois4 ,that is the reason why those ,buttrick pecans will sell under the name of ,illinois4 ,it is named for a man but it doesn't mean anything in the world but women's dress patterns and is not a good name for a pecan4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,a change in a name like ,buttrick to ,illinois is a good one4 ,any name like this that tells by itself the fact that the nut is from the ,north is worth a lot to the people who want to sell pecan trees1 and to the people who want to eat pecans1 and can buy them reasonably4 ,therefore1 ,mr4 ,chairman1 ,i move that a special committee be appointed to consider changing the names of these pecans and giving them names showing that they are northern nuts4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,i second that motion4 ,,the ,,president3 ,it has been moved and seconded that a committee be appointed to consider the matter of changing the names of some of the pecans4 ,a ,,member3 ,isn't there a ,vincennes in ,europe8 ,,the ,,president3 ,there might possibly be more suggestions1 and we should be glad to hear from anyone along this line4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,i agree with ,professor ,smith in part of his remarks4 ,we have a walnut called the ,ontario from ,greene ,county1 ,michigan4 ,if we should call it ,michigan that would indicate where it came from4 ,but it is widely known now as the ,ontario1 and would it be best to change its name1 even though it comes from ,michigan8 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,wouldn't it have been better to have called it ,michigan to start with8 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,i think so4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,we have pursued these things for many years and we have made some misnomers in naming them4 ,i think it's a good idea to change them4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,i am very much pleased with the idea ,professor ,smith has advanced for renaming these trees4 ,they don't mean anything now as he says1 and ,i think it would be a great forward stride for this association to rename these trees4 ,,mr4 ,,simpson3 ,i think ,professor ,smith's idea is a move in the right direction4 ,we were the first people that propagated any of these northern varieties1 and my idea is to call that variety ,indiana1 for the very reason he mentions here1 that it distinguishes it as a northern variety4 ,i think his suggestion ought to be followed out as far as it is possible4 ,at least with several varieties4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the chair takes the opportunity of saying that the suggestion meets his most hearty approval4 ,i have taken up pages of letters in writing to people about nuts1 and explaining to them that the nursery from which they bought had nothing to do with the hardiness of the tree1 that it was the location of the parent tree that determined this4 ,i was struck by an advertisement last year which said1 buy them from the nursery furthest north4 ,that hasn't a thing in the world to do with it4 ,you may take some of this very wood we have here and propagate it on the ,mc,kenzie ,river1 or the ,yukon1 and say you are selling trees propagated in ,alaska1 but the hardiness all depends on where the parent tree is4 ,these parent trees have been placed there by nature1 and when we distribute them we will distribute what nature has put into the parent tree4 ,these trees are there because they have withstood all the climatic conditions1 and nothing would be of more value1 it appears to me1 than to adopt the suggestion for renaming them4 ,in the first place many of these trees are named for men not entitled to have them named for them4 ,many of those who own these trees do not know their value and object to anyone that knows anything about a nut tree going in and getting bud wood1 and are contrary and mean about it4 ,it is very rare that the importance of these seedling pecans is known to their owners1 and they are not entitled to any consideration themselves4 ,they are generally discovered by some outsider who had to beg to go in and get a stick of bud wood4 ,is there any further discussion8 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed3 ,you are right about that4 ,but ,i would like to go on record in opposition to this movement4 ,when pecans are recorded in the standard works the names stay4 ,the rule is generally accepted that where the names have once been recorded no other name can be permitted4 ,it is easy enough for us to vote to change a name but not so easy to change it in actual practice4 ,how many of us will know these pecans that ,prof4 ,smith has mentioned by any other names than those that have already been accepted4 ,suppose we do rename them1 we shall have to explain that they are the old pecans under the new names4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,we remember well when we changed the name of the ,green ,river4 ,we decided that among ourselves here4 ,the ,posey pecan used to be the ,grayville and you know when we changed it4 ,i call it the ,grayville yet because ,i got used to that4 ,you changed it to ,posey thinking it was from ,posey ,county but it really is from ,gibson ,county4 ,i have no doubt many of these men here call it the ,grayville1 and then lots of men that hear me call it the ,grayville ask me what ,i mean as they don't recognize it under the old name4 ,i am in favor of changing these names4 ,i named some of them and you know it1 but ,i didn't always name them right and you have changed them here4 ,can't we do it again if it will sell them8 ,,the ,,secretary3 ,what is the motion exactly8 ,,the ,,president3 ,as ,i understood it was to appoint a special committee to take up the matter1 and consider changing these names4 ,,the ,,secretary3 ,why should we do that when we have already a committee on nomenclature8 ,what is the use of a special committee8 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,the special committee will report quicker4 ,,the ,,president3 ,if it belongs to the committee on nomenclature to consider the matter it will be best to do it now1 immediately4 ,if the names are to be changed they ought not go another year1 and if not to be changed it ought to be known4 ,the chair will be glad to entertain a motion that the committee report tomorrow on it4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,i make a motion that the matter be referred to the committee on nomenclature and that they be ordered to report tomorrow4 ,,the ,,president3 ,do ,i hear a second8 ,a ,,member3 ,i second the motion4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed3 ,i am the chairman of that committee and ,i could not report tomorrow so ,i will ask that if it is to be taken up by committee that a special committee be appointed4 ,,the ,,president3 ,it is ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed who is the chairman of that committee1 to which committee was added ,c4 ,a4 ,reed and ,r4 ,l4 ,mc,coy4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,i would like to ask ,mr4 ,reed if he is absolutely sure about the rule he has just quoted of the ,american ,pomological ,society1 that a name cannot be changed4 ,i don't remember that rule4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,mr4 ,taylor was the framer of that rule and in actual practice he has adhered to the first name used1 and did at the time he was secretary of that society4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,have you not in mind the rule that a name like ,posey being given this variety no other variety can be given that same name4 ,i think that is the rule you are thinking of4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,no1 but that is true too4 ,you know we had the ,sovereign pecan1 and after that name had been established ,mr4 ,taylor wrote up that variety for the yearbook1 and the name had been changed then to the ,texas ,prolific1 but he still retained the name of ,sovereign for the reason that it had been called that before4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,it seems to me that an organization could change a name4 ,i think the idea is a good one4 ,take the name ,indiana4 ,i think that name ought to be given to the very best seedling variety that is a native of that state4 ,i don't know whether the ,indiana is the best one or not1 but it is now too late to change that4 ,if it is not the best the name will have to stick to the variety to which it has been given1 even if later on better varieties are found4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,i know there are some extremely fine pecans on the ,illinois ,river because ,i have some samples of them1 a good bit better than the ones we have1 and ,i suggest that we reserve the name ,illinois1 which would be suggestive of both the river and the state1 for one of them4 ,i know the nuts are there and ,i think they are very fine4 ,the ,illinois ,river has more pecans on it than the ,wabash4 ,,dr4 ,,deming3 ,i second the motion4 ,,the ,,president3 ,it has been moved and seconded that the matter of changing the names of these nuts as suggested by ,dr4 ,smith1 be referred to the committee on nomenclature1 and that they be instructed to report tomorrow4 7,motion carried47 ,,the ,,president3 ,we have with us this afternoon1 the state entomologist1 ,mr4 ,baldwin1 who knows many things of interest to nut growers1 and we shall be glad to hear from him4 ,,mr4 ,,baldwin3 ,mr4 ,chairman1 and ,members of the ,nut ,growers ,association3 ,i am wholly unprepared to make a talk before this association and must say ,i am not sufficiently familiar with nut culture to be able to tell you anything of interest along that line of work4 ,your discussion relative to the pollenization of plants was intensely interesting and clear4 ,there is no use in trying to dodge the fact that every plant has a father and mother1 and that father and mother also have fathers and mothers1 the same as we have4 ,the reason ,i am not just the same as you is because ,i have a different father and mother1 and the reason ,i am not just the same as my brother is because the characteristics of the parent may show in one individual and not another4 ,if your pecan trees should stand out in an isolated situation and pollenate themselves the individual nuts would not all be the same4 ,we have peaches that come nearly true to name1 and the same is true of the ,snow apple that has been grown in the ,st4 ,lawrence valley for generations4 ,the pollenization of budded and grafted fruit trees or nut trees is brought about1 in my opinion1 wholly by the surroundings or environment of that tree4 ,the well known experiments of the ,geneva ,experiment ,station have very satisfactorily proved that the variety does not change except in so far as the environment changes it4 ,of course there are some things in nature we do not understand as where very decided deviations1 or wholly distinct varieties arise2 but the general rule holds1 that whenever you propagate trees1 and get your buds from some variety having merits1 those merits will be transferred to the trees that are budded or grafted1 and will remain in them while the surrounding conditions remain the same1 and changes in the fruit will be effected only by changes in the locations in which the trees grow4 ,i suppose that as ,i am the entomologist of this state you expected to hear some discussion of things of interest to you in this particular field1 but ,i came wholly unprepared for that4 ,in this state so far as the nut growers industry is concerned we have not done anything at all4 ,there is a large field for work but ,i must confess ,i am wholly unprepared to give you a talk on this subject4 ,where ,i was raised1 back in ,pennsylvania1 we have several well known bugs that the nut growers have to contend with1 and they are especially abundant with the chestnut4 ,that of course would not be of so much interest to the people of this state until the chestnut growing industry has developed more than at present4 ,i am very glad to be with you and the discussions ,i have heard have been very interesting4 ,,the ,,president3 ,we are very glad to have heard from the state entomologist and we want his assistance4 ,we are trying to steer away from bugs and we want his suggestions and help at any time4 ,we have a number of interesting people on the program yet this afternoon1 but the chair is going to take the liberty of asking the president of the ,national ,nut ,growers ,association1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,van ,duzee to talk to us on any subject that he cares to discuss4 ,i know him well enough to know that anything he says will be good enough to hear3 ,i know him personally1 the most of you know him by reputation4 ,he has some pictures here1 and ,i shall take the liberty of passing them around for you to look at1 and ,i am going to say that these are pictures it certainly does my heart good to see4 ,they are pictures of his orchard down ,south4 ,just pass them around please4 ,,col4 ,,van ,,duzee3 ,mr4 ,chairman1 ,ladies and ,gentlemen3 ,i told your ,president the first thing when ,i got in this morning that ,i didn't care to have any place on the program2 that ,i would be glad to talk at any time on any subject he wished me to1 and do anything ,i could to help along4 ,that puts me in bad to start with4 ,as ,i have listened to the discussions of your meeting the thought has come to me that you are following along very much the same pathway that the southern nut growers traversed five or six or seven years ago4 ,we are a little further along in the growing of nut orchards in the ,south1 but you are certainly going to get along and be abreast of us in time4 ,perhaps ,i may be able to do more good if ,i confine myself to a few practical suggestions as to how ,i think nut orchards can best be produced4 ,those pictures represent an orchard which ,i have in southwestern ,georgia and have grown under adverse conditions4 ,the pictures show the culmination of years of earnest effort4 ,they represent what ,i consider to be a very reasonable success from a practical standpoint4 ,i am a farmer and the first thing ,i require of my farm is that it shall pay4 ,i have no theories2 ,i have no ideals but those which must stand that test4 ,i am in farming to make it a success2 it is my business and everything ,i do must stand that test4 ,if it doesn't pay it is not successful4 ,that orchard represents the culmination of years of study of the problem of how to grow a pecan orchard on my ranch4 ,that bunch of hogs represents about one hundred and fifty we selected about three weeks ago to put in our early peanut patch down there to finish them up as pork1 but it does not show my breeders or young stock4 ,i could talk hogs to you until the cows come home4 ,i set my mark a year ago last spring1 after being twice wiped out by the cholera1 ,i set my mark at fifty thousand pounds of meat from my orchard1 and ,i want to say ,i have animals now in the orchard and in the peanut field together to make that and a little margin to the good4 ,i expect our orchard will produce this year more than fifty thousand pounds of hams1 bacon and lard4 ,the reason ,i am talking about this is that ,i want to emphasize the fact that the growing of nut trees is a business proposition4 ,i want to say1 in passing1 that ,i believe no better thing could happen to the people who live in ,america than that every man who owns land might plant a few nut trees4 ,it is a notorious fact that the nut trees which do the best1 and which make the most money for the man who plants them1 are the ones planted in the garden and immediately about the home where the conditions are favorable for the best development4 ,it is also true that all the successful pecan promotions that have been put over on the ,american people have been built upon the records of those individual trees1 which were grown under the most favorable conditions4 ,that is the source of all that magnificent literature1 and all these people that have been inveigled into these promotions in the ,south are going to be disappointed4 ,that orchard in the photographs is eight years of age1 or will be this year1 as it was planted seven years ago last ,february4 ,it has never paid a dollar of profit4 ,you won't find any literature on nut orcharding in the ,south that will convey any such impression as that4 ,i do expect it to pay this fall a small margin of profit4 ,i won't attempt to explain all that but will say that an orchard must be eight or ten years of age before you may expect or hope for a reasonable profit4 ,after that it ought to pay well4 ,it is well worth going after because it is one of the most legitimate1 safe1 satisfactory business opportunities we have ever found4 ,i don't know anything that pleases me more as a business man than the growing of a large orchard of nut trees1 and ,i assure you1 gentlemen1 you must bring to that orchard the same degree of skill1 energy and patience that must be brought into any large business proposition to make it a success4 ,my own idea is that the nut orchard is a legitimate part of the general farming operation4 ,if you travel from one end to the other of this country you will see that it is covered with apple orchards4 ,small apple orchards were a part of the original farming operations4 ,the fact that they have been neglected does not alter the situation at all4 ,if the owners of those orchards had given them proper growing conditions1 they would have been successful4 ,in the same way ,i say the successful nut orchard is going to be a legitimate part of the general farming operation4 ,i want to talk to you a few minutes from a business standpoint4 ,suppose you want to plant an acre of nut trees1 and you buy an acre of land1 and you buy your trees and have them planted4 ,who is going to take care of them8 ,you hire a man who knows about the care of trees4 ,you couldn't afford to hire one who didn't1 and you would expect him to put in part of his time some other way4 ,if he didn't your investment would amount up to so much you couldn't make anything on the deal4 ,i emphasize this fact because ,i believe you should make your nut orchard propositions large enough so that you could afford to hire the best men to handle them for you4 ,if you can't do this there is another way which has been practiced a great deal in the ,south and which ,i hope to see practiced in this section4 ,i have worked out a solution of the problem1 which ,i believe is very promising1 and it is this3 ,get enough men1 for instance in the city of ,evansville1 who want nut orchards1 to go out a few miles and buy a bunch of farms1 and put those farms under the management of a man big enough to make them a success1 then plant your orchard1 and use the land for general farming operations as well4 ,i could go on indefinitely along this line because it is inexhaustible4 ,i think it is the keynote to success in growing nuts4 ,you can't be successful without giving attention also to the things ,i talked about this morning4 ,you have to analyze the root pasture and the soil4 ,you have to observe from the time the trees are bought and delivered1 and it requires the most careful attention4 ,you can't hope to accomplish a thing like that until you do give it your most careful attention4 ,if you have money of your own1 or make your living in some other way while the trees are growing1 and feel that you must delegate it to somebody else1 associate with yourself other men and make the undertaking big enough so you can hire the very best talent the country affords4 ,in this section of the country land ,i presume is worth a hundred to two hundred dollars an acre1 and you have got to make it pay interest4 ,i want to talk about the figures4 ,the farmer or nut grower1 who does not keep a set of books and can't tell you at the end of the year whether he has made enough money to pay off his bills and legitimate expenses1 and allowing himself a compensation for the time energy and experience put in the business1 is not successful1 and ,i don't care to consider him1 because he is not a farmer as ,i see him4 ,you must keep your figures and know how you stand4 ,before ,i get to the photographs ,i want to go back to our convention at ,chattanooga4 ,i don't know whether there is anybody here that was at that meeting or not4 ,i was third man on the program to respond to the address of welcome by the mayor of the city1 and ,i was new in the nut game and new in the ,south4 ,i went up there with this thought1 ,i will listen to the other fellows1 and take my cue from them1 and make a little bluff at doing the best ,i can under the circumstances4 ,to make a long story short1 when the president called on the other two men to respond they were not there and that left me with an audience of four or five hundred people to talk to and nothing much to say4 ,i apologized to them for being unable to talk in a light way4 ,i said1 ,i can't say anything unless it is in earnest2 ,i have got to talk about something ,i am interested in4 ,i went on to advocate this principle1 and it is a principle ,i wish every man or woman in ,america would grasp and retain and put in execution today2 that is that the calling of agriculture is the most honorable calling a man can follow1 and it is up to us to inspire in the children of ,america the thought that such is the case1 and help them in every way to go out into the field of agriculture and be successful farmers4 ,that is what ,i want to say4 ,i have no patience with the men who farm and are not successful business men1 because they are the people that make life in the rural districts objectionable to the children1 and are responsible for the children of the best blood in the country going into the turmoil of the city where it is largely lost4 ,you have to pay interest on the land you use1 and you have got to pay yourself a fair compensation for the brains and energy you use on it4 ,i want to call your attention to one other thing4 ,this farm ,i bought nine years ago from a man who had farmed it until it wasn't capable of producing enough income to enable him to keep it1 and ,i undertook to build an orchard on that farm1 and ,i have done it4 ,last ,october1 where these hogs are grazing in the picture1 ,i planted a crop of oats and ,i got forty bushels of oats to the acre the latter part of ,april4 ,i then turned around and broke the land up and planted it in sweet potatoes1 which are just maturing and the crop will run one hundred and fifty bushels to the acre4 ,don't forget that that is two crops grown and harvested in one year on the same land4 ,i consider it the best treatment for the land4 ,i pastured the oats last winter with the hogs1 so ,i got a very material gain from the oats in that way1 and as soon as my sweet potatoes are harvested ,i will turn the hogs back in and let them glean the field4 ,it is a fact that we can make lots of pork on the gleanings of a sweet potato field4 ,and besides that these trees1 each one of them1 will bring me four1 to five1 or six dollars' worth of nuts4 ,that land cost me sixteen dollars an acre1 and there is a net income of several dollars above the price of the land1 and ,i presume there is an individual growth on each tree that increases its value at least four or five dollars worth of nuts4 ,there you see ,i have several dollars' worth of nuts1 the sweet potatoes and the oats all grown on the same land1 besides the pasture for the hogs4 ,those things are possible to the man who will go into the growing of a nut orchard in a business way4 ,i have other land adjoining this and ,i will also utilize it for these purposes and grow such crops as ,i can grow in the orchard1 because when the nut crop is ready to gather1 ,i must get the stock out4 ,i keep my organization employed the whole year4 ,i have the best superintendent ,i know of and ,i have to make his salary out of my business4 ,i get the best tree man ,i know of and he also receives his compensation from the money ,i make in farming4 ,last year ,i extended my farming operations in order to make it possible for me to keep my organization running full speed three hundred days in the year4 ,i am dwelling upon this line for this purpose4 ,don't let any promoters ever get his hooks into you or tell you things as we have had them told to us down there4 ,thousands and thousands of acres of pecan orchards have been planted without a thought of the things ,i am talking about4 ,they have planted thousands of acres in ,georgia2 they have not any organization and the man in charge is inexperienced and they don't pay4 ,each year from the time ,i planted my orchard1 and got it to the point where ,i could count on an orchard crop1 it has increased in value1 and today it is worth four or five dollars a tree above what it cost me4 ,it is a magnificent business proposition4 ,i am so in love with my work ,i could talk to you until the cows come home4 ,i want to impress on the people of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association and their friends the one fact that in order to be successful in a commercial way you must go into it right4 ,there is no short cut4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the next on the program will be an article by ,mr4 ,olcott4 ,,the ,,function ,,of ,,the ,,class ,,journal ,,ralph ,t4 ,,olcott1 ,editor ,american ,nut ,journal ,in the multiplicity of publications one must distinguish1 for his use1 those which are for entertainment or general education and those which specialize4 ,class publications differ from trade or professional publications in that they are not confined in their appeal to the members of a trade or profession4 ,the class publication is for that portion of the general public which is wholly1 or to a certain degree1 interested in the particular object to which it is devoted4 ,what has been said with regard to class publications is probably understood in a general way1 but a brief consideration of its bearing upon the nut industry may make the status of a nut journal clearer4 ,let us suppose that an industry has no publication devoted especially to it4 ,it must then depend upon communications between individuals and upon annual meetings and their printed proceedings for its interchange of thought2 for it is presumed that it will have a national or sectional organization4 ,a very efficient organization with the means at hand to serve its members well can do a great deal to keep members in touch with each other and to advance the interests of the industry4 ,organization1 of course1 is essential2 but without a periodical exponent there is lacking the advantage to all readers of general timely discussion1 questions asked and answered1 special articles1 illustrations and the news relating exclusively to the industry--all of which makes the periodical a working tool1 and its bound and indexed files an almost indispensable adjunct to the literature and reference storehouse of the field covered4 ,not only to the individual1 but also to the class association do these characteristics appeal with special force4 ,for1 unlike the trade journal1 it goes out among the general public as a factor in the education of those who seek information of the special kind4 ,in this way it is a means for extending the operation of the industry1 and consequently of increasing the membership and influence of the association4 ,and right here is a point which those who have been operating in the industry for some time should consider4 ,if any portion of the general public is to receive through the class journal the information desired1 there must of necessity appear in the journal from time to time statistical or other matter with which the experienced nut grower is familiar4 ,to a considerable extent the novice may be referred to existing literature on a special subject2 but not all of such literature is readily available4 ,for instance1 the ,american ,nut ,journal has been carrying in each issue a summary of the figures showing the progress of the ,american nut industry4 ,these figures have been seen repeatedly by experienced growers1 but even for them they may prove convenient for reference2 and certainly to the newcomer they should be interesting and valuable4 ,original matter1 of course1 must be the basis upon which the contents of a class publication are built4 ,but an article1 or a portion of an article1 which has an important bearing on the specialty under consideration may often be reproduced in the class publication1 even though it may have appeared elsewhere2 for we are all too busy to read many publications1 and the chief purpose of the class publication is to assemble from all sources that which particularly relates to the subject4 ,in theory at least the class journal should be the storehouse to which in its bound and indexed form the subscriber may go for information on any phase of the special subject4 ,that is a high and not altogether attainable ideal1 but the nearer the journal approaches to that aim the more valuable will it be to its subscribers4 ,it should at least record the sources of all information on its special subject1 even if it cannot present it all4 ,what has here been said in outline regarding the function of the class journal will indicate to the nut grower the place the ,american ,nut ,journal should occupy in the development of nut culture4 ,it is unnecessary to say that co-operation between the editor and those in the industry is essential1 and for that reason all should feel free to exchange views through this medium4 ,aside from the practical benefit it may be to the individual1 it is a constant source of publicity for the organized effort represented in an association of nut growers--and it is through publicity that an industry develops4 ,to deserve the co-operation of all in the industry the management of the class publication representing it must determine what is the highest and largest function of the field which it serves and then strive in every legitimate way to promote that function4 ,to deserve the manifold advantages which such a publication affords it is incumbent upon those in the industry1 on their part1 to make it possible through their subscriptions and through their advertising to maintain such a medium4 ,it is probable that if there were no such publication every loyal member of this association would gladly pledge ten cents a month provided some one could be found who would expend the time and effort to provide it4 ,just that opportunity has been presented1 and it is a pleasure to say that many have appreciated it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,president3 ,there is no one thing that would get results for you better than a good periodical4 ,the ,department of ,agriculture issues bulletins but that department cannot go into the journal business1 the business of publishing my opinion or someone else's opinion4 ,the ,department of ,agriculture must confine itself to the summaries of facts1 and that leaves a gap that must be filled in by some good periodical properly edited4 ,it is with great pleasure that we see the ,american ,nut ,journal which ,mr4 ,olcott is putting out and attempting to give us the best he can get4 ,the chair will be glad to hear any further suggestions on this subject4 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed3 ,i think we are very fortunate in having a journal of this kind1 and having known ,mr4 ,olcott for a number of years ,i know he is giving the people a good journal4 ,i think it is customary in most instances for all trade organizations to have their journal1 and ,i think in this case the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association ought to adopt ,the ,american ,nut ,journal as their official organ4 ,i make that as a motion4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,i second the motion4 ,,the ,,president3 ,it has been moved and seconded that we adopt ,the ,american ,nut ,journal as the official organ of our association4 7,motion unanimously carried47 ,,the ,,president3 ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed1 you have something on the program and we will be glad to hear from you now4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,i had prepared a short paper on top working the black walnut with the ,persian or ,english walnut but ,i won't read the paper on account of the limited time1 for there are others here we would rather hear from4 ,quite a number of you are going to ,vincennes and you can ask questions there and understand it better than ,i can tell you here4 ,however there may be some that can't go along1 so any questions you want to ask at this time ,i will be glad to answer4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,it will be impossible for me to go to ,vincennes on ,saturday as ,i have to go home tomorrow night4 ,i would like to ask ,mr4 ,reed if the method of grafting the pecan is the same as top working the black walnut8 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,yes sir4 ,suppose this is a large tree twelve1 eighteen or twenty inches in diameter4 ,we cut the limbs back to where they are four or five inches in diameter and1 supposing that we want to graft this limb here1 we will cut it up here one or two feet because it is hard to cut limbs without their splitting4 ,sometimes they will split on both sides4 ,for that reason we cut them high and then again1 later1 back to where we want to graft4 ,we usually find it best to do the first cutting back along the latter part of ,february or first of ,march1 and when it gets time to do our grafting we cut them off again about two inches so that we shall have fresh wood4 ,we saw them with a fine tooth saw4 ,we prefer to do our grafting from about the first to the tenth of ,may4 ,we keep scions in cold storage4 ,i think that is quite an advantage although ,i haven't tried the walnut in cold storage until this year and hadn't thought very much about it until the last few years3 but we find the ones we were most successful with were the ones we had kept in cold storage4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,what time were they cut8 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,in ,february1 ,i think1 but ,i think it would be much better if they were cut in ,november or early ,december1 especially the walnut1 and ,i shall do that this year4 ,with the pecans ,i don't think it will make any difference4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,what temperature in storage do you use8 ,illustration3 ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed ,vice-,president of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,ordinary apple storage1 thirty-two to thirty-eight1 or freezing4 ,this spring we grafted between the first and tenth of ,may2 some of the trees were in full leaf4 ,the sap was flowing very readily and they bled very freely1 although the ones that had been cut back early would not bleed like the ones you cut when you are ready to graft4 ,in grafting we used the wedge graft1 splitting straight down and placing three or four scions on each limb three or four inches in diameter4 ,however the method we like the best is the slip bark method1 but we have had fairly good results with both methods4 ,of the trees we grafted this spring #fj to #ge per cent were grafted from cold storage scions4 ,we used some that had not been in cold storage1 and we didn't get them to grow4 ,we wax the grafts thoroughly and cover them with paper sacks4 ,we do not use any tying on the large limbs as we don't find it necessary4 ,however1 we have done more budding than grafting in top working large trees and ,i think it is a little surer1 but we have been fairly successful with both4 ,for budding we cut them back the same as if we were going to graft4 ,we let the sprouts grow until about the middle of ,july or first or middle of ,august1 and we have let them go as late as the first of ,september4 ,then they are ready for budding4 ,we follow about the same method as has been demonstrated4 ,in working large trees it is very important that you keep all cuts waxed thoroughly with grafting wax4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,have you had this experience1 that ,english walnuts will produce female blooms before they do the male blooms8 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,we haven't had them long enough to determine that clearly4 ,we have eight trees and four of them produced pistillate blooms and we had to bring pollen to pollenize them4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,it is possible to have your sprouts almost where you want them by taking the sharp end of an old file and dressing the bark carefully4 ,the buds are more apt to come there than anywhere4 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,we sometimes lose a good many shoots from storms4 ,one tree was budded about three weeks ago and that storm about ten days ago broke every one of them4 ,,mr4 ,,pomeroy3 ,what time did you say to bud the black walnut8 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,about the first of ,august1 from the middle of ,july to the middle of ,august1 as a rule4 ,we are budding some yet4 ,that depends on the wood2 do it when the wood is ripe enough4 ,we are holding back on some now to get the wood ripe enough1 and as fast as they get ripe enough we bud them4 ,you can bud them late if you cut them back freely in the spring1 smooth with the ground4 ,then your buds will take much more rapidly because you have the sap4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,have you had the best success when you cut your trees back in the pruning season8 ,in slip bark grafting there are two ways1 you know4 ,one is to wait until you are ready to graft and then cut back4 ,which do you think is the best8 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,in top working the large trees we had the best success cutting back early1 that is in the nursery4 ,we have never cut back any at the time we were ready to do the work4 ,,mr4 ,,mccoy3 ,in other words you head off the sap flow8 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,yes sir1 we hold it back4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,wilkinson3 ,do you find it any advantage to cut your leaflets off before you bud8 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,i haven't tried that enough to know4 ,when you were at our place some of them had been trimmed in full leaf and had dropped the leaf stalk1 and some had been cut off three weeks and still didn't let loose4 ,we can tell more next spring as ,i kept a record of that4 ,,mr4 ,,pomeroy3 ,how do you know when it is ripe enough8 ,,mr4 ,,reed3 ,i don't think a man lives who knows exactly4 ,you have to use your own judgment4 ,for instance1 when bud wood colors up like this ,i would feel sure it was ripe enough4 ,when it is green ,i am more afraid of it1 although we have some good success with the green wood1 but cold storage wood is still better4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,professor ,van ,deman said the other day that in cutting bud wood at this time of year it is good to give the bud rest for two or three days4 ,he cuts the scions and puts them in the ice house4 ,that gives them rest and the buds start better and are firmer4 ,has anyone had experience with that way8 ,,mr4 ,,dorr3 ,there is another question ,i want to ask4 ,if we want to experiment with the processes that have been suggested here1 shouldn't ,evansville have a place where we can store scions8 ,we should have an ice house4 ,some of us who don't have shoes1 haven't any ice house4 ,i worked in ,south ,carolina one time and made this discovery1 and it almost made me weak4 ,the great majority of farmers in ,south ,carolina are men who make fifty dollars a year2 they cultivate three acres and own a mule in partnership with two or three other men4 ,suppose some enthusiast like this man plants an orchard there4 ,what inducement has he for that kind of work8 ,the dream ,i have had here for ,evansville1 which is my home1 is to bring some of that kind of work into the high schools4 ,,mr4 ,,white3 ,in regard to the point brought out by ,dr4 ,morris about cold storage bud wood1 ,i believe that it is better for being chilled4 ,we have found it hastens the callous4 ,the same theory has been borne out by the work of the ,department of ,agriculture in propagating the blueberry4 ,they found it would not callous and form roots unless they chilled it4 ,isn't that right1 ,mr4 ,close8 ,,proffessor ,,close3 ,i don't remember that4 ,,mr4 ,,white3 ,i think all wood must be frozen or chilled1 or put in cold storage1 before it will take well4 ,i found that by putting scions in cold storage they callous much more readily4 ,where the temperature is near the freezing point walnut and pecan wood will callous more readily4 ,on some that ,i took out on the #cast of ,july ,i had written the names1 and the callous had formed until we could scarcely read the names4 ,in a week or ten days the callous was around them4 ,on new wood1 it would take twice as long4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,if they had calloused in cold storage was it because they had been too warm8 ,,mr4 ,,white3 ,no sir4 ,if you will take a tree that you want to set out and cover the roots until you can set it out1 you will find the callous forming no matter if the ground is frozen hard4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,you mean a tree planted in the fall8 ,,mr4 ,,white3 ,yes sir4 ,,mr4 ,,pomeroy3 ,where one had no cold storage what would he do8 ,,the ,,president3 ,if you haven't cold storage1 such as ,evansville affords1 and have an ice house you can use that4 ,it is very important to pack the scions in excelsior and sawdust and be sure there is very slight moisture1 and to paper line your boxes4 ,colonel ,sober keeps chestnut scions by standing them on end in cans4 ,he fills in with a thin layer of sawdust1 punches holes for them to breathe1 puts a lid on and sets them in the ice house and says they keep splendidly4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,in an ordinary ice house8 ,,the ,,president3 ,yes sir4 ,,colonel ,,sober3 ,i have kept them that way for two years4 ,,mr4 ,,white3 ,dr4 ,morris will tell you the next best thing if you haven't cold storage4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,we use a method ,i got from ,professor ,craig1 the way he kept his for many years4 ,his plan was to set a plain wooden box very smoothly on the ground1 smooth off the ground so the box would set evenly on all sides1 then pack in a layer of perhaps half an inch of fine leaves like black locust leaves1 and on that he would put a single layer of scions1 then1 more leaves and scions4 ,,mr4 ,,moseley3 ,if you have an ordinary ice box1 would that be cold enough to put the buds in8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i think that would be plenty cold enough4 ,i know of a man in ,maryland that has been using that for a number of years4 ,,the ,,secretary3 ,do you wax the ends8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,sometimes ,i do1 and sometimes ,i don't4 ,,the ,,president3 ,you couldn't keep your scions all the time in an ice box1 could you8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,no1 not for any length of time1 but just for a few days you could1 in an ordinary refrigerator4 ,,the ,,president3 ,when you cut your scions in the winter for future use1 you should keep them down pretty close to freezing4 ,i used scions in ,maryland this spring cut last ,february in this locality4 ,we put them in cold storage and kept them there until ,april4 ,then they were taken out and shipped to me in ,washington4 ,they arrived in perfect condition and ,i took them to a big green house across the street and put them in a long box and set them up in the big refrigerator where they kept their buds4 ,i had these within two inches of a thousand pounds of ice and the ,green ,river proceeded to grow within two weeks4 ,you have to keep them in cold storage4 ,it is so cheap1 however1 in ,evansville that there is no excuse not to keep them in perfect condition4 ,these cold storage people here1 ,holt ,brandon1 are very fine people4 ,we have kept very large amounts of bud wood there and their charges have been very small4 ,before we get through ,i want to call your attention to the rest of the program4 ,immediately after adjournment there will be automobiles waiting to take all who want to go sight seeing in ,evansville4 ,this is by the courtesy of the ,evansville ,business ,association4 ,i want especially again to call your attention to the lecture tonight by ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,reed1 and for fear that those here may have an idea that it will be strictly technical ,i wish to say that he will avoid technicalities as far as possible4 ,he has one of the finest collections of lantern slides ,i have ever seen4 ,he will take you to the walnut regions of ,california and to nut regions all over the ,united ,states4 ,any questions asked him will be cheerfully answered but ,i would suggest that unless there is something extremely important1 you reserve your questions until the conclusion of his talk and not interrupt unnecessarily because there are a great many slides to get through with4 ,those of you who are here1 come tonight and bring your friends1 bring the ladies and children and everybody else1 because it will be interesting and educative generally4 ,do not forget that we leave in the morning at #g3ae1 not #af1 nor #bf2 that car will leave at #g3ae and if you will be there on time we can got together on the car4 ,we will now adjourn until #h o'clock4 99 99 99 99 99 ,meeting re-convened at #h3jj ,p4 ,m4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the first thing on the program will be an invitation to join the association4 ,for the purposes of our organization we need members1 and we especially need anyone who has any interest whatever in nut culture4 ,the membership of persons joining now will expire on the #cast day of ,december1 #aiad2 the membership dues are #b per year1 which includes a copy of the annual report4 ,by joining now you get this report and the three preceding ones4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,mr4 ,chairman1 may ,i say something regarding the annual report8 ,,the ,,president3 ,we will be glad to hear you1 ,professor ,close4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,it seems to me that those who pay dues for #aiad ought to receive the report of the meeting for #aiad no matter when it is printed1 even if it is not for three or four months after the end of the calendar year4 ,in that way the reports will match the calendar year2 that is they are the reports for the year that the meeting was held and the papers and discussions took place1 and this one should be known as the report for #aiad4 ,that is the way we run them in the other societies and it seems to me there would be no confusion at all if it were managed in that way4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the chair very heartily agrees with that suggestion and thinks that should be the practice of the society4 ,the chair would be very glad to entertain a motion to make that the rule4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,i should be glad to make the motion that the proceedings of the meeting of each calendar year be reported as of that calendar year and distributed to the members who pay dues for that calendar year4 7,seconded and carried unanimously47 ,,the ,,president3 ,are there any other candidates for admission to this society8 ,if so1 hold up your hands and our distinguished secretary will visit you immediately4 ,are there any committee reports8 ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed3 ,the committee on nomenclature desires to report as follows3 ,voted on the ,smith and ,potter resolution to recommend changing the name of the ,busseron pecan to ,vincennes2 ,posey pecan to ,wabash2 ,buttrick pecan to ,illinois4 ,it was the opinion of the committee that the other names of pecans had been established by the ,department of ,agriculture by printing in the year book1 and that it was not advisable to change them4 ,we recommend1 as advisable for members introducing new varieties1 to confer with the committee on nomenclature before listing new names4 ,signed4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,deming1 ,r4 ,l4 ,,mccoy1 ,r4 ,t4 ,,morris1 ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed4 ,a ,,member3 ,i move the adoption of this report4 ,a ,,member3 ,i second the motion4 ,,the ,,president3 ,it has been moved and seconded that the report of the committee on nomenclature be adopted4 ,are you ready for the question8 ,all in favor of the motion make it known in the usual way4 ,it is unanimously carried that we adopt this report4 ,are there any other committee reports8 ,,professor ,,close3 ,mr4 ,chairman1 ,ladies and ,gentlemen3 ,the committee on exhibits has not had a very arduous duty1 because we can't have at this time of year very extensive exhibits4 ,but what we have are very interesting4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed has an exhibit of ,english walnuts1 hickory nuts and hardy almonds4 ,you have all noticed the exhibits he has in the glass case4 ,that is very instructive and is put up in such a way that it can be carried from place to place4 ,he also has some photographs of trees4 ,mr4 ,wilkinson has an exhibit of fruiting limbs of shagbark hickory and pecans1 and various seedlings4 ,to some of us some of those things are almost new4 ,colonel ,sober has an exhibit of grafted chestnut trees4 ,he also has the burrs and in glass jars he has the nuts4 ,then there is quite an exhibit of the native varieties made by our president1 which is very fine4 ,there are also some persimmons4 ,i think1 everything considered1 the society is to be congratulated upon the quality of the exhibits even though the quantity is not so very great4 ,,the ,,president3 ,if there is no objection the report of the committee on exhibits will be adopted4 ,the report is adopted4 ,are there any further committee reports8 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,the committee on resolutions reports as follows3 ,resolved1 ,that we extend our thanks to the ,mayor and the ,citizens of ,evansville1 ,indiana1 for the courteous entertainment they have favored us with1 and for the excellent facilities that they have placed at our disposal4 ,second--,that we extend to the ,evansville ,business ,association1 and to the members thereof1 our deep appreciation of their entertainment and courteous treatment that they have extended to our association4 ,third--,that we extend our deep appreciation and gratitude to ,hon4 ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage1 our president1 and ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,deming1 our secretary1 for their untiring and valuable services in behalf of this association4 ,fourth--,that we express the thanks of the association to its members and others who have attended this meeting1 and helped to make it a success4 ,fifth--,that we especially extend our thanks and appreciation to ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,reed of the ,department of ,agriculture at ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 and to ,col4 ,c4 ,k4 ,sober1 for their excellent lectures and special work in behalf of this association at this meeting4 ,sixth--,that we express our most sincere thanks and appreciation to ,j4 ,f4 ,wilkinson1 for his courteous treatment and entertainment of this association at his home4 ,seventh--,be it further resolved1 that we especially thank each and every individual member of this association1 for their attendance at this meeting1 and for their earnest efforts and interest in behalf of the same1 in helping to make this meeting a success in every way1 and making it the most enthusiastic meeting that has ever been held by this association1 and we thank any and all members for any special work or research that has been carried on by said member in behalf of this association1 as disclosed by this meeting4 ,eighth--,resolved1 ,that we extend to ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed our sincere thanks for his kind invitation to the members of the association to be his guests at his home in ,vincennes1 ,indiana1 on ,saturday1 ,august #bb;d1 #aiad4 ,signed4 ,w4 ,o4 ,,potter1 ,h4 ,r4 ,,weber1 ,j4 ,,russell ,,smith4 ,,the ,,president3 ,if there are no objections1 the report of the committee on resolutions will be adopted4 ,it is so ordered4 ,the next thing on the program will be the lecture and lantern slides by ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,reed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,meeting called to order at ,enterprise1 on ,friday1 ,august #ba1 at #aj3cj ,a4 ,m4 ,,the ,,president3 ,i want the records to show that this meeting convened in ,enterprise1 ,luce ,township1 ,spencer ,county1 ,indiana1 where the members of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association visited and studied the native ,ohio ,river pecan trees1 and ,i want to hear the opinions of the different visitors4 ,the state entomologist1 ,mr4 ,baldwin1 will please express himself upon the native pecan trees on the ,ohio ,river4 ,,mr4 ,,baldwin3 ,my remarks will be so brief it will not be necessary for me to go forward4 ,i don't know that it is necessary for me to mention the fact that ,i have never lived in and very seldom visited1 localities where pecans grow in this state and cannot1 therefore1 express an authoritative opinion as to the merits and demerits of the pecan trees in this section4 ,it is noticeable that the trees are more free from insects and fungus trouble than trees in many places4 ,mr4 ,simpson1 who has had considerable experience in the ,south1 called my attention to a very destructive pest that does not exist here in numbers sufficient to be destructive1 as it is in ,florida1 but he is of the opinion that it was introduced into that section from this section4 ,,mr4 ,,president3 ,what is it8 ,,mr4 ,,baldwin3 ,mr4 ,simpson says--,i didn't see any of the insects1 and probably you couldn't identify it without labor1--but ,mr4 ,simpson says there are two broods and the second brood is now at work4 ,this certainly is a good field for work for the entomologist4 ,of course the same thing would hold true with this insect that is true of others2 when a new species is introduced into a country where it has not heretofore existed1 where the natural parasites are not found1 it is more destructive than where the natural parasites exist4 ,that point is illustrated very well by the moths that are so very destructive in ,new ,england1 and don't do very much damage in the countries from which they come4 ,from my observations on other native nut trees ,i was greatly impressed with the abundance of nuts that some of the native trees bear here4 ,i am sorry ,i am not able to talk about something that would be more interesting to those interested in pecans and other nuts4 ,,the ,,chairman3 ,i should be glad to have our secretary put in the record a few of his observations4 ,,dr4 ,,deming3 ,mr4 ,littlepage has been talking to us about these pecans since we started this organization1 and has long promised to show us these trees4 ,we can't get any idea of such trees without seeing them4 ,we have had many word pictures of them but ,i had not been able to form any idea of how great they are4 ,they have a beautiful outline as we see it silhouetted against the sky1 and every evidence of being trees that bear lots of nuts1 which is the kind of trees we are all looking for4 ,we don't have the pecan tree in the ,north as a native at all4 ,there are a few in ,new ,england1 a few scattered here and there1 but none bearing4 ,i have heard of a pecan not far from my home1 possibly twenty-five miles1 that does not bear4 ,i have seen in the city of ,hartford a pecan tree that was nine feet and three inches in circumference and ninety feet high1 of unknown origin1 but not bearing4 ,the nut tree that grows best through our part of the country is the shagbark hickory4 ,it is very much like the pecan tree here1 but never grows to anything like its size1 is not nearly so beautiful a tree and ,i don't believe it bears as heavily4 ,i think the average hickory nuts there are very much inferior to the average pecan here4 ,we also haven't the black walnut there as a native4 ,that is ,i have never seen it native though it probably was originally so in parts of the country4 ,however1 when planted it grows to a very large size1 and makes a magnificent tree4 ,about ten miles from my house is the largest in the state4 ,we have lots of butternuts over the country but no nut tree that compares in beauty and usefulness with the pecan here4 ,,the ,,president3 ,dr4 ,smith should be able to size up the situation and give us some of his impressions4 ,i want to get them in the record4 ,,dr4 ,,smith3 ,gentlemen1 ,i don't see how anybody can live by these trees here and not realize that they are a source of fortune4 ,i can't understand how men can look at them every year1 gather and sell the nuts and not realize that they are a source of livelihood4 ,i just measured a big tree in a tobacco field down the road that was thirteen feet and eleven inches in circumference1 that had a sixty foot reach1 and was about one hundred and twenty-five feet high4 ,we measured another1 that had a sixty-six foot reach and they were all bending down with fruit4 ,it was marvelous and they were certainly giving us their evidence that the thing for us to do is to go ahead and reproduce them4 ,,the ,,president3 ,dr4 ,van ,duzee1 tell us your impressions of these trees4 ,,col4 ,,van ,,duzee3 ,mr4 ,chairman1 ,i simply will add this4 ,as ,i came through this wonderfully fertile section of the country1 ,i observed people building bungalows and cottages and setting out trees other than pecan in their dooryards4 ,that is the pity of it4 ,as ,dr4 ,smith says these people here are living close to some of the most magnificent natural trees ,i have ever seen1 and yet they will go and plant around their gardens trees that will do nothing in the world but produce shade4 ,it seems to me there is room for the best kind of missionary work here4 ,i am glad the nut growers met here and ,i hope the effect will be to cause people to think4 ,as we came down the road we estimated that on one tree there were four or five hundred pounds of nuts4 ,the owner of that tree didn't study the soil that produced that magnificent crop4 ,our driver said they had had two years of failure in their farming operations and yet right here in the same place nature has handed them another magnificent crop4 ,i have an idea that the average annual value per acre of crops on the farms of southern ,indiana and ,illinois will run in the neighborhood of a ten dollar bill1 and here is a tree1 one tree1 presenting thirty dollars4 ,i have no doubt in the world that there will be fifty or sixty dollars' worth of nuts on this tree up here1 and it doesn't occupy a quarter of an acre of land4 ,i want to speak about the insects4 ,i don't believe you need to worry about these unless the planting goes away beyond what ,i think it will in this section4 ,here is the proof1 right here in this river bottom in the nuts we see on these trees and the growth of the trees4 ,they are thrifty1 not mutilated by insects or dying4 ,they are at home and the conditions are absolutely favorable4 ,i have been very much pleased and very glad ,i came1 and if ,i were not thoroughly tied up in a section ,i think is more adapted to nut growing1 ,i should come up here and undertake to do something in this section1 for ,i see great possibilities4 ,,the ,,president3 ,that is an opinion that is of real value4 ,now ,i will call for volunteers4 ,those of you who have been sight seeing here and have impressions and ideas you would like to express we should be glad to hear from4 ,,professor ,,close3 ,one thought that has interested me is this4 ,if we should take away from this neighborhood about half a dozen men this great industry would be forgotten4 ,it is to these men who have done this kind of work that we owe a great deal4 ,they are engaged in a wonderful work4 ,i presume they realize how great it is4 ,it means the developing of an industry that will grow in the ,united ,states and could be carried to other countries4 ,these great trees are a wonder1 no question about it1 and the fact that here is a new industry being pushed by half a dozen men is still more wonderful4 ,,the ,,president3 ,if this section of the country had been planted to seedling pecans it would have made every man who owned forty acres of it1 comfortable4 ,we have with us ,mr4 ,dodd1 who is one of the old residents of this neighborhood4 ,he can tell us some interesting things4 ,he was here long before ,i came and looks at present as if he might be here many years yet4 ,we certainly hope he will be4 ,if it were not for him we would not know that ,enterprise is on the map4 ,he reports for the county paper and keeps the world in touch with ,enterprise4 ,i should like to hear him tell about the old pecan trees when he first knew them1 and ,i want what he knows about them to go into the record4 ,,mr4 ,,dodd3 ,mr4 ,president1 and ,ladies and ,gentlemen3 ,i'm no speech maker1 never made one in my life1 but ,i guess ,i know something about the pecan business4 ,these trees were here when ,i came and that was in #aheb4 ,those big trees that you looked at were big trees then1 and must have been fifty years old1 ,i judge1 from what ,i have learned from older people4 ,so you see they have been there a long time4 ,i have a piece of ground here and if ,i had known as much about the pecan business then as ,i do now ,i would have had every foot of my land in pecans4 ,i make a right smart little money in pecans as it is4 ,littlepage knows that4 ,i have shipped pecans to him off my trees1 shipped them to him many times4 ,they are no better than the others1 but we are old friends and he wanted me to send them to him and ,i did4 ,i don't know anything about the pecan business in a general way1 as to what they will produce or how much money they will average1 but ,i think we have slept on our rights in this country for seventy-five years4 ,if that is any good to you1 you are welcome to it1 and we are glad you are here today4 ,,mr4 ,,pomeroy3 ,one tree out in the back here looks as if it might be fifteen or sixteen years old and it is bearing well4 ,it is a large tree well filled with nuts1 notwithstanding the fact that lightning has struck it twice and destroyed at least two years' crops4 ,it seems to me there are thousands of dollars to be made in an investment in nut trees here where they do so well4 ,,the ,,president3 ,now has any one else any observations to make8 ,mr4 ,weber4 ,,mr4 ,,weber3 ,out here you remember you showed us quite a number of seedlings growing in a corn field like milkweeds1 growing right alongside of them1 and one of us thought the milkweeds were the pecans1 as they looked much the same4 ,it seems to be hard to keep them down4 ,,the ,,president3 ,that reminds me that when this organization was formed ,i had the honor of being the first man on the ground4 ,dr4 ,deming called the meeting to order1 ,dr4 ,morris was there and so was ,professor ,craig1 who has since passed to the great beyond1 and a number of others1 and ,i remember telling the bunch who were there at that time1 that if ,i ever had the opportunity ,i would take them into a country where the pecans really grew4 ,i have attempted to make good4 ,if there remains any doubt in your minds we will proceed to lose you in the great ,green ,river pecan woods1 and if you are not pretty well stocked with provisions1 you may never get out4 ,i told ,professor ,close who is making a study of the pawpaw for the ,department of ,agriculture1 that we also grew pawpaws in southern ,indiana and that ,i would show him some large trees4 ,so he came down with us and we went to ,boonville and got in ,senator ,hemenway's automobile and ,i introduced him to a pawpaw tree six feet and a half in circumference at the ground1 five foot in circumference three feet from the ground4 ,so the chair takes some pleasure in having been able to show the things that were promised4 ,let us hear from ,mr4 ,riehl4 ,,mr4 ,,riehl3 ,i think you folks are very unfair to me4 ,you have said everything ,i wanted to say before you called on me and ,i really don't know what else ,i can say4 ,i had in mind what ,professor ,smith has been saying to me1 and what some of you people have already said1 that it is time for you people here to wake up4 ,you don't know what you have got4 ,you are like people in many other sections of the country1 they don't appreciate what they have at their very doorways4 ,if ,i were a young man1 ,i would come here and plant pecan and walnut trees1 but ,i am too old now to make such changes4 ,in a few years you may remember what ,i have said4 ,the walnuts are as profitable as anything else1 and much more so than any farm crop you can grow4 ,nothing will produce as much value and with as little trouble as nut trees4 ,i am convinced of that4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,if they would follow your suggestions they would soon have another ,garden of ,eden4 ,,the ,,president3 ,professor ,smith has reminded us that the crops in the ,garden of ,eden were purely tree crops1 and they grew without effort4 ,but after the fall ,adam and ,eve had to go out and cultivate the soil and raise corn4 ,probably in that garden they had pecans and walnuts4 ,i believe that is his theory and it may be good4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,o1 beg your pardon1 that is in the book of ,genesis4 ,the text describes nothing whatever except trees1 and then ,adam fell and had to dig in the ground and make his bread by the sweat of his face4 ,,mr4 ,,potter3 ,is the tree of knowledge the pecan tree8 ,,the ,,president3 ,i don't know4 ,can any one else say8 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,my remarks on the ,garden of ,eden were brought out by what our ,president said1 but ,i have published others that are not very lengthy and you can buy them4 ,,the ,,president3 ,let's hear from ,mr4 ,lockwood4 ,,mr4 ,,lockwood3 ,dr4 ,knapp wants me to expose my ignorance and tell you the crimes ,i committed and intended to commit4 ,it was about three years ago that we purchased a little over a thousand acres in ,gibson ,county1 near ,grayville1 and about three hundred and fifty acres of it were in timber4 ,we decided to clear up as rapidly as possible all the forest land and cultivate it in corn4 ,now comes the crime which ,dr4 ,knapp wants me to expose and ,i am going to confess it4 ,we deadened probably a hundred of as fine pecan trees as you ever saw1 from six to eighteen inches in diameter1 and ,dr4 ,knapp heard about it and visited our farm1 and it was on his account principally that we quit cutting the pecan trees4 ,now if anybody else cuts them we have them arrested4 ,we have the second best orchard in ,gibson ,county4 ,i have joined the association and came here to get a line on you and ,i have got a good many good things by coming4 ,i would like to have you visit our farms4 ,we have some very fine trees to see and ,i will also give you something to eat1 because ,i am the chief cook4 ,i want to emphasize the remark one member made that it is a great work these men are doing4 ,you get that impression when you come to the meeting1 and it shows great sacrifice and love for their fellow men4 ,,the ,,president3 ,that is very good1 ,mr4 ,lockwood4 ,now ,dr4 ,knapp will tell us what he thinks4 ,,dr4 ,,knapp3 ,i know very little about pecans but ,i was interested in ,mr4 ,lockwood's trees because he had a magnificent pecan orchard1 possibly five hundred trees1 and they were contemplating having the trees cut down because they thought they were in the way of the cultivation of the land for corn4 ,this is not the case because the pecan tree goes away down deep for water and is not like the surface root trees4 ,i have seen large wheat fields in the same location with large pecan trees in them1 and men have told me that they produce just as much per acre on the land where the pecan trees are as where there are no pecan trees4 ,i went to see ,mr4 ,lockwood and took him what little literature ,i had on the pecan industry and promised to send him some more1 and insisted that he read it before he destroyed his trees4 ,he kept his promise and ,i am glad to see that he has taken an interest in the pecan industry4 ,,the ,,chairman3 ,you are a real benefactor1 ,dr4 ,knapp1 and entitled to great praise4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,while we are distributing things gratis ,i want to make a little statement in the same vein as a previous speaker4 ,he points out the work that a few enthusiasts are doing4 ,most of the things worth while are done by the people who never get any credit in a financial way4 ,you will find the things that count are started and done by that live force of men that work for the fun of working with no promise of reward4 ,why should ,mr4 ,mc,coy or ,mr4 ,reed come down here and tell us how to bud trees1 and what varieties to use8 ,it is plainly a labor of enthusiasm and love4 ,i want to express my particular appreciation of the work done by ,mr4 ,thomas ,p4 ,littlepage4 ,we hear from ,indiana through ,mr4 ,littlepage4 ,on every occasion when we get in trouble and want bud wood1 along he comes and helps us out4 ,he seems to have all kinds of equipment for keeping it or he can always go to a pecan tree and get it4 ,we never hear of the trouble or expense4 ,he spends money as if he had a barrel of it4 ,he has spent lots of money trying to get the people to know there was an ,indiana pecan4 ,we also know that ,mr4 ,mc,coy and ,mr4 ,wilkinson and others too numerous to mention have lost thousands of dollars and have worked long and hard to get this industry started4 ,the industry needs enthusiasm and no end of work4 ,it means work to get out and hunt trees and bud wood and these men are entitled to lots of credit for their efforts4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the chair appreciates that compliment but he is hardly entitled to so much praise4 ,however1 all the efforts we have made to create interest in the pecan have been well spent4 ,we have had lots of trouble in getting bud wood and if it had not been for ,ford ,wilkinson we never would have gotten anywhere4 ,he is the best climber in the country4 ,he has gone at all times and under all conditions and has done more real hard work than all the rest of us put together4 ,he always climbs the trees4 ,the ,major tree is about fifty feet to the first limb4 ,we couldn't have gotten along without him4 ,and ,mr4 ,mc,coy is entitled to great credit4 ,the first time ,i ever saw the ,posey nut ,mr4 ,mc,coy brought some to my home in ,boonville4 ,that was a number of years ago4 ,he first stimulated ,mr4 ,brown to put the ,warrick pecan on exhibition4 ,as ,i grew up ,i knew where these pecan trees were and who kept a dog and what time he got up and there were not many pecan trees then ,i would not attempt to climb1 but ,i wasn't as large as ,i am now4 ,of late years ,mr4 ,wilkinson has done more than ,i have along that line4 ,,mr ,,wilkinson3 ,i appreciate what you say of me but it takes all kinds of people to make a world and to grow pecan trees4 ,i have tried to do my part but without the others ,i couldn't have done anything4 ,we expect to continue at the work as long as there is any success in sight at all and hope soon that some of the hard part will be over4 ,,the ,,president3 ,before we leave that subject ,i want to say that a few years ago some of us who had begun to think we knew something about the pecan and were quite sure of our ground1 induced ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,reed of the ,department of ,agriculture to come down here and make some trips through these woods and tell us what he knew1 or what he thought of these pecans4 ,we gave him all the facts we could1 and the suggestions he made started us on the right track as to the varieties to propagate4 ,,the ,,president3 ,the boat is ready1 but before we go ,i want the report on nominations4 ,i want the officers elected in ,enterprise4 ,,dr4 ,,deming3 ,i would like to say this before we proceed to the election of officers4 ,there has been some talk among us that it would stimulate interest in our work and meetings1 and would enable us to confer honors on more people1 and more members who deserve such honors1 if the term of the presidency were limited to one year4 ,there has been no rule about it but our first two presidents have each held office two years4 ,they have been re-elected to office as a matter of courtesy and appreciation of their efforts4 ,if from now on we limit the term of the presidency to one year ,i think it would be better4 ,we think it would be desirable to make the rule that the ,president shall not be eligible for immediate re-election1 that is1 he shall not follow himself4 ,i mention it so that if this rule is adopted in the revision of our constitution and by-laws the person who is about to be elected ,president1 and the members of the association1 will understand that there will be nothing personal about such action4 ,,the ,,president3 ,in connection with that ,i should like to say that the present ,president has at different times heard suggestions of that kind made1 and ,i am glad you mentioned it4 ,i wasn't fortunate enough last year to be at the meeting1 as ,i had to be in ,st4 ,louis to help try a case before the interstate commerce commission1 or ,i should have brought that up then4 ,dr4 ,morris is absent and ,professor ,close is the next on the committee on nominations4 ,professor ,close1 will you report8 ,,professor ,,close3 ,i did not know ,i was the next member and ,dr4 ,morris did not leave any data with me4 ,however we discussed it and decided to recommend the election of ,j4 ,russell ,smith for ,president1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed for ,vice-,president and ,dr4 ,deming for ,secretary and ,treasurer4 ,,the ,,president3 ,any remarks on the report of the nominating committee8 ,if not1 those in favor of adopting the report1 thereby declaring the officers named elected1 make it known by rising4 7,vote taken47 ,contrary by the same sign4 ,your officers for the next year will be ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,president1 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed1 ,vice-,president1 and ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,deming1 ,secretary and ,treasurer4 ,i congratulate the association4 ,meeting adjourned4 99 99 99 99 99 ,meeting called to order at #h3cj p4 m41 at ,evansville1 ,indiana4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,the members of this association have always got to be on the lookout for good parent trees of any and all varieties of nuts4 ,i think1 however1 there is a shortage of information in the matter of walnuts4 ,i have talked to a number of persons and it is the general opinion that we want to know1 and know quickly1 more about parent trees of the ,persian walnut4 ,i therefore move that the chair appoint a committee to give this matter particular attention during the next twelve months and report at the next annual meeting4 7,seconded and carried7 ,,the ,,president3 ,the chair appoints the incoming ,president1 ,c4 ,p4 ,close and ,c4 ,a4 ,reed4 ,the next is the question about the place of the next meeting4 ,it occurs to the chair that it might be desirable to leave that to the executive committee4 ,but that is a matter for the association to decide and the chair will entertain motions or suggestions4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed3 ,i was going to move that it be left to the committee4 ,i know from past experiences that is the best course to pursue4 7,seconded and carried47 ,,colonel ,,van ,,duzee3 ,i would like very much to extend a cordial invitation to the members of this association to meet with the ,national ,association at ,thomasville1 ,georgia1 in ,october4 ,we have a program full of merit4 ,our meeting will be held in the heart of the nut planting area where all the pecan planting has been done in the last few years4 ,we have several fine orchards in the immediate vicinity and matters of general interest will be discussed4 ,we would be glad to have anybody that can meet with us1 and if you have friends interested in nut culture we will be glad to have them4 ,,the ,,president3 ,it is unnecessary to say that the ,south has forged ahead of us in pecan culture1 and she not only has great pecan orchards but she has great men who have done this work and they will be at the meeting of the ,national ,nut ,growers4 ,i have had the pleasure of attending some of these meetings and ,i can say to the members here it will be well worth their while to go down there4 ,is there any further business8 ,if not we will have ,colonel ,sober's paper1 after which the pictures will follow4 ,,professor ,,smith3 ,i am sure after hearing ,colonel ,sober's lecture1 and seeing his pictures1 we will want to ask him some questions4 ,i know that ,colonel ,sober has worked out an unique method in the root system1 and ,i wish he would tell us about it4 ,,colonel ,,sober3 ,the slides ,i have will show that4 ,,the ,,president3 ,is there anything else8 ,,mr4 ,,doan3 ,how does ,colonel ,sober take care of the blight8 ,,colonel ,,sober3 ,in answer to that ,i will say that in #aiji ,i discovered the blight on some trees1 just a speck1 and ,i took my knife and cut it off4 ,that is my best method and then you are sure of it4 ,,the ,,president3 ,are there any further questions8 ,,mr4 ,,doan3 ,are all his trees ,paragon8 ,,the ,,president3 ,i think they are4 ,the ,secretary will read ,colonel ,sober's paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,secretary here read extracts from the preface and introduction to ,fuller's book on nut culture1 prepared by ,col4 ,c4 ,k4 ,sober1 with personal interpellations1 as follows3 99 99 99 99 99 ,i believe that the moment is opportune for advocating an effort to cultivate all kinds of edible and otherwise useful nut-bearing trees and shrubs adapted to the soil and climate of the ,united ,states1 thereby inaugurating a great1 permanent and far-reaching industry4 ,we are spending millions for imported articles of everyday use which might easily and with large profit be produced at home1 and in many instances the most humiliating part of the transaction is that we send our money to people who do not purchase any of our productions and almost ignore us in commercial matters4 ,i am not referring to products ill-adapted to our climate1 nor to those which1 owing to scarcity and high price of labor1 we are unable to produce profitably1 but to such nuts as the walnut1 hickory1 butternut1 pecan and chestnut which we can raise as readily as peaches1 apples and pears4 ,there certainly can be no excuse for the neglect of such nut trees on the score of cost of labor in propagation and planting1 because our streets and highways are lined and shaded with equally expensive kinds1 although they are absolutely worthless for any other purpose than shade or shelter1 yielding nothing in the way of food for either man or beast4 ,can any one invent a reasonable excuse for planting miles and miles of roadside trees of such kinds as elm1 maple1 ash1 willow1 cottonwood and many other similar kinds1 where shellbark hickory1 walnut1 butternut1 pecan and chestnut would thrive just as well1 cost no more1 and yet yield bushels of delicious and highly prized nuts1 and this annually or in alternate years1 continuing1 and increasing in productiveness for one1 two or more centuries4 ,the nut trees which grow to a large size are just as well adapted for planting along roadsides1 in the open country1 as other kinds that yield nothing in the way of food for either man or beast4 ,they are also fully as beautiful in form and foliage1 and in many instances far superior to the kinds often selected for such purposes4 ,the only objection ,i have heard of as being urged against planting fruit and nut trees along the highway is that they tempt boys and girls as well as persons of larger growth to become trespassers4 ,i find this only applies to where there is such a scarcity that the quantity taken perceptibly lessens the total crop4 ,but where there is an abundance either the temptation to trespass disappears or ,i fail to recognize the loss4 ,as we cannot very well dispense with the small boy and his sister ,i am in favor of providing them bountifully with all the good things that climate and circumstance will afford4 ,on my farms in ,irish ,valley1 ,northumberland ,county1 ,pa41 ,i have planted a ,paragon chestnut tree every forty feet along the public highways and driveways making a total of #gfi trees4 ,these trees range in age from four to ten years old4 ,a mile in this country is #e1bhj feet1 and if chestnut trees are set forty feet apart1 which is allowing sufficient room for them to grow during an ordinary lifetime1 we get #acc trees per mile in a single row4 ,two rows may be planted1 where the roads are wide enough1 one on each side1 and then we get #bff trees per mile4 ,i can estimate the crop when the chestnut trees are twenty years old at two bushels per tree1 or #ecb bushels for a double row per mile4 ,at the moderate price of #d per bushel1 we would realize #b1abh for the crop on a double row1 with a fair assurance that the yield would increase steadily for the next hundred years or more1 while the cost of gathering and marketing the nuts is no greater1 and in many instances much less1 than that of the ordinary grain crops4 ,at the expiration of the first half century one half of the trees may be removed1 if they begin to crowd1 and the timber used for whatever purpose it may best be adapted4 ,the remaining trees would probably improve1 on account of having more room for development4 ,the chestnut thrives best in light1 well drained soil1 and those containing a large proportion of sand or decomposed quartz1 slate and gravel2 but it is rarely found1 nor does it thrive very well1 in heavy clays or limestone soil where the limestone rock comes near the surface4 ,it is true that chestnut groves1 and sometimes extensive forests1 are found on hills and ridges overlying limestone1 but a careful examination of the soil among the trees will show that it is a drift deposit containing little or no lime4 ,i find in ,pennsylvania the chestnut tree grows from the banks of the ,susquehanna ,river to the tops of the mountains4 ,in planting the chestnut tree it should never be planted any deeper than it was in the nursery rows4 ,if planted any deeper it is certain death to the tree1 as ,i find that the earth placed around the trees above where it was in the nursery rows scalds and destroys the tree4 ,here is where the great mistake is made in planting out the chestnut tree1 and this ,i have found out by practical experience4 ,it is far better to plant it one inch less than it was in the nursery than to plant it an inch deeper4 ,there has been a steady increase in the demand for1 and a corresponding advance in the price of all kinds of edible nuts during the past three or four decades1 and this is likely to continue for many years to come1 because consumers are increasing far more rapidly than producers4 ,besides1 the forests1 which have long been the only source of supply of the native kinds1 are rapidly disappearing1 while there has not been1 as yet1 any special effort to make good the loss by replanting or otherwise4 ,the dealers in such articles in our larger cities assure me that the demand for our best kinds of edible nuts is far in excess of the supply1 and yet not one housewife or cook in a thousand in this country has ever attempted to use nuts of any kind in the preparation of meats and other dishes for the table1 as is so generally practiced in ,european and ,oriental countries4 ,the question may be asked if the demand is sufficient to warrant the planting of the hardy nut trees extensively along our highways or elsewhere4 ,in answer to such a question it may be said that we not only consume all of the edible nuts raised in this country1 but import millions of pounds annually of the very kinds which thrive here as well as in any other part of the world4 ,where farmers want a row of trees along the roadside1 to be utilized for line fence posts1 they cannot possibly find any kinds better adapted for this purpose than chestnut1 walnut1 hickory and pecan4 ,in a few years they may yield enough to pay the taxes on the entire farm1 the crop increasing in amount and value not only during the lifetime of the planter1 but that of many generations of his descendants4 ,this appeal to the good sense of our rural population is made in all sincerity and with the hope that it will be heeded by every man who has a spark of patriotism in his soul1 and who dares show it in his labors by setting up a few milestones in the form of nut-bearing trees along the roadsides--if for no other purpose than the present pleasure of anticipating the gratification such monuments will afford the many who are certain to pass along these highways years hence4 ,it is surely not good policy to enrich other nations at the expense of our own people1 as we are now doing in sending millions of dollars annually to foreign countries in payment for such luxuries as edible nuts that could be readily and profitably produced at home4 ,there need be no fear of an overproduction of such things1 no matter how many may engage in their cultivation4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,note by the secretary3 ,at the time when ,fuller wrote his excellent book1 the chestnut blight1 as at present known1 had not been observed1 although he makes an interesting reference to some disease of the chestnut1 of unknown nature1 at one time destructive to the trees in the ,piedmont region4 ,the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association does not recommend the planting of the chestnut in any region where the chestnut blight1 ,endothia parasitica1 is prevalent4 ,with this exception the association is heartily in sympathy with the sentiments expressed by the writer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,colonel ,,van ,,duzee3 ,i have no questions to ask1 but as ,i am going to be obliged to leave the session before the close of the lecture1 ,i should like to express my appreciation of the paper which has been read and make a remark or two4 ,i am so heartily in sympathy1 in this commercial age1 with some of the thoughts expressed there1 that it is a pleasure to listen to a paper which takes into consideration something a little beyond1 and the idea of planting trees by the roadside for the benefit of humanity1 is of too much importance to be overlooked4 ,i could go on at great length along this line1 but as ,i have not time ,i just wanted to express my appreciation before ,i have to go4 ,,the ,,president3 ,has anyone else any suggestions or any general business8 ,,the ,,secretary3 ,there has been no discussion at all of the filbert1 ,i think4 ,that is a nut that is possibly going to be of great importance in the future4 ,i think it was ,mr4 ,doan who asked me about the filbert and there might be someone here who could give us some information about its possibilities4 ,perhaps ,mr4 ,reed could tell us something about it4 ,illustration3 ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed ,in charge of ,nut ,culture ,investigations1 ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture ,,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,reed3 ,well1 ,i am glad the subject has been brought up but ,i would rather listen than try to talk4 ,as ,mr4 ,littlepage made clear in his paper yesterday1 there has been considerable effort in the eastern states towards the introduction of the filbert1 but almost uniformly such attempts have met with failure4 ,about two weeks ago some of us visited ,dr4 ,morris's place and while there we were shown some large ,european filberts1 ten to twelve feet high1 bearing heavily4 ,these were not suffering from the effects of the blight at all so far as we could see1 and they were right in the district where the native northern filbert is one of the most common of the wild plants4 ,it was quite a revelation to me to see the native filbert or hazels bearing so heavily4 ,everywhere we went we saw low bushy hazels not over two feet from the ground loaded with immature nuts4 ,i thought there was an opportunity for some nut enthusiast to canvass that territory1 and find the best individual plants for propagation4 ,the filbert1 it seems to me1 offers an unusually inviting field1 and unless ,i am greatly mistaken there is a great field for exploration4 ,dr4 ,deming lives in that same section1 and he tells us that on his farm the hazels are even more common than at ,dr4 ,morris's place4 ,dr4 ,morris agrees with us that there is a fine opportunity for searching for the best varieties4 ,he has done it and has found1 ,i believe1 one which he thinks is especially fine4 ,i would be glad to hear from any one else about these nuts4 ,,mr4 ,,riehl3 ,mr4 ,president1 ,i have made a little observation of the ,european and ,i don't think it will count for very much4 ,i know of trees that were planted in one of our experiment stations4 ,i last saw them three or four years ago and they were twelve or fifteen feet high and bearing very heavy crops4 ,i saw no disease of any kind but it was in the city of ,alton and ,i don't suppose there is a native hazel within miles of it4 ,that may be why they were bearing so well and were exempt from disease4 ,i haven't seen those trees for the last four years and what has happened to them ,i don't know4 ,i intend to go and see what has become of them4 ,,the ,,president3 ,mr4 ,doan1 what is your especial interest in the hazel8 ,,mr4 ,,doan3 ,i think it offers great possibilities4 ,the different species that we have tried show that4 ,the fact that it grows freely1 even though certain branches of it have the blight1 which does not at once destroy the whole bush1 and the fact that it bears freely and abundantly1 ,i think are points in its favor4 ,a great many persons couldn't wait eight or ten years for a nut tree to bear but could wait a much shorter time4 ,i think this is one good point in favor of the hazels4 ,,the ,,president3 ,there is no doubt that the hazel offers a very excellent opportunity for study and investigation4 ,there are many varieties of the native hazel that are very fine and it seems to me that therein lies a field of work for this association4 ,there is no information to the productive nut grower of more value than the facts as to what these nuts will do1 how they can be produced1 how quickly they bear1 and what they are worth4 ,we have very little reliable information about the ,english walnut4 ,when we listened to ,mr4 ,reed last night we were forced to the conclusion that as yet we know nothing about it4 ,there are a few apparently promising ,english walnut trees throughout the ,north but there are many things to be taken into consideration before you can recommend those for propagation4 ,it seems to me the hazel offers a field of considerable importance4 ,has any one else any suggestions to offer8 ,,mr ,,potter3 ,this hazel proposition interests almost every member of the association4 ,it seems to me as if we might get at something more definite and instructive and ,i move that the chair appoint a special committee to investigate the hazel1 and report at the next meeting4 ,a ,,member3 ,i second the motion4 ,,the ,,chairman3 ,it has been moved and seconded that the chair appoint a committee of three to investigate the hazel or filbert1 and report at the next meeting4 ,are you ready for the question8 ,,mr4 ,,riehl3 ,i hardly think that will do any good4 ,i believe there is a field where good work can be done but ,i doubt whether the chair or any one else is able to appoint a committee that can find out much that will be of value between now and our next annual meeting4 ,there are so few superior hazels4 ,i tried for many years to find a native hazel that is worthy of planting4 ,i have heard of some but have been unable to get them4 ,i heard of one and had it promised to me but he has forgotten it1 ,i guess1 and ,i never got it4 ,i know of another that is said to be very good1 but the man that has it won't let anybody have it unless he gets five hundred dollars1 and there is no man willing to pay that on his say-so that it is a good thing4 ,so we have got nothing to go on for such committee to make a report on4 ,a much better plan would be for this association to offer a prize of a certain sum of money to any one who will report a superior hazel4 ,let that get in the papers and be talked of so the boys and girls will hear of it and they will contend for the twenty-five or fifty dollars4 ,there are no doubt such fine hazels but the trouble is to find them4 ,i think the best way would be to offer a reward and let them be brought to us4 ,in that way we can accomplish something1 but to appoint a committee when we have nothing to go on will do no good4 ,,the ,,president3 ,there is a great deal in the suggestions of ,mr4 ,riehl4 ,it has been noticed by all of us in nut culture that the individual opinion of the man who has seen only his tree or bush is perhaps not worth much4 ,that is why the data we have on the walnut is unsatisfactory4 ,so much of it comes from the man who has seen only his tree1 and does not know what a first class bearing tree is like4 ,the same difficulty would arise1 to some extent1 in your suggestion1 ,mr4 ,riehl1 as to offering the prize4 ,that is perhaps one of the best methods to stimulate interest but there is this difficulty in the way1 that the nuts must be gathered1 and the tree be investigated before it could be properly authenticated4 ,i have had people tell me they have seen pecans from certain trees1 that long 7measuring on finger74 ,there never was a pecan grew in the world that long4 ,the question before the house is the appointment of this committee4 ,is there any further discussion8 ,if not those in favor of it make it known by rising4 7,two47 ,those opposed make it known by rising4 7,seven47 ,the motion is lost4 ,is there any further business8 ,if not we will stand adjourned sine die4 ,,appendix ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,persian ,,walnut ,,in ,,pennsylvania ,j4 ,g4 ,,rush1 ,,west ,,willow1 ,,pennsylvania ,the history of the ,persian walnut in ,pennsylvania goes back several hundred years4 ,seed nuts only were brought here by the early ,german settlers1 as steam navigation was unknown at that period4 ,from this mixture of seed from ,europe1 we have at this time a few varieties worthy of favorable mention4 ,in this connection ,i will give you my brief history or experiences and observation for the last twenty-nine years4 ,in #ahhf ,i bought two seedling trees from a local nursery regardless of name or variety at thirty-five cents each4 ,these two trees received equal treatment in culture for ten years1 when the so-called ,rush tree produced two bushels of fine developed nuts4 ,the other tree about forty feet away has not produced two bushels from the time it was planted to the present date4 ,the productiveness of the ,rush induced me to think1 and to investigate the great difference in these two trees4 ,i finally found the ,rush to be a simultaneous bloomer whereas the other was just the reverse4 ,being a member of the ,state ,horticultural ,association ,i exhibited these nuts from time to time when finally other members became interested in nut culture4 ,mr4 ,john ,engle of the ,marietta ,nurseries advised me to plant seed from this particular tree and raise seedling trees for sale4 ,i finally did on a small scale only4 ,but ,i soon found in the young seedlings a taint of black walnut blood1 which discouraged me for a further continuance4 ,later ,i had correspondence with ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 then of ,monticello1 ,fla41 who had specialized in the propagation of all nut trees4 ,in #aijc scions were sent to him1 and returned as budded trees in #aije1 and are now a living monument to the memory of the first propagator of the ,rush variety4 ,the ,pennsylvania state nursery inspector first called my attention to the ,hall variety in ,erie ,county1 ,pa41 after which a lively correspondence followed and sample nuts were exchanged4 ,in #aiaj ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones and myself were to see this tree1 in order to get its life history4 ,it was said by ,mr4 ,hall that the tree was planted by the early ,german settlers about forty years ago4 ,the ,hall variety is very catchy to the eye on account of its large size4 ,through the kindness of ,mr4 ,hall we were allowed to cut a few buds1 which are bearing trees now at ,west ,willow4 ,the ,holden came first to my attention about four years ago in the ,new ,york ,state ,horticultural ,association ,report1 after which a lively correspondence opened and sample nuts with the ,rush were exchanged which finally led to the propagation of this prospective variety4 ,the ,nebo is a variety the history of which ,i traced back to about seventy-five years ago4 ,it was planted by an ,english iron-master by the name of ,mc,creary4 ,it is said that he gave lodging to a tree agent1 whereupon he received this tree as compensation4 ,the ,burlington from ,burlington1 ,n4 ,j41 is of the ,alpine type1 and is of great size4 ,the ,lancaster was first called to my attention a year ago4 ,it is said the tree1 not the seed1 was brought from ,germany4 ,this variety is worthy of extensive cultivation1 is however also of the ,alpine type and very prolific4 ,in connection with the varieties just mentioned we have also the ,french varieties1 such as the ,mayette1 ,franquette1 ,cutleaf1 ,alpine and ,parisienne4 ,the ,french varieties are not tried out in respect to their dependability for the ,atlantic coast4 ,they however show hardiness equal to any other variety grown in ,pennsylvania4 ,as regards the late vegetating habit of some ,of these varieties enabling them to escape late spring frosts1 ,i see no advantage whatever1 as ,jack ,frost is a privileged character and makes his appearance regardless of time or place4 ,with the limited efforts ,i have made thus far in the dissemination of the ,persian walnut1 ,i am absolutely confident that the work has just commenced4 ,there will yet be varieties discovered which will compare favorably and may surpass those we have already listed4 ,the best territory to work in ,i find is the ,german settlements4 ,they always were noted for their seed distributions in the early history of ,pennsylvania4 ,in justice to these frugal people1 the ,persian walnut should be called ,the ,dutch nut4 ,but the ,english were the great importers of these nuts and hence the name ,english walnut4 ,the ,germans today as they visit their ,fatherland invariably bring a few nuts or trees with them1 which keeps up the supply4 ,of course not all these seedling trees are true to the variety desired4 ,but they say they come from the ,homeland1 which gives them great contentment4 ,in the dissemination of these interesting nut-bearing trees ,i am safe in saying ,i have visited hundreds of them and mostly single trees of very little importance4 ,the principal complaint is that when the nuts are as large as grapes they drop off from some unknown cause4 ,this is all for the want of proper cross pollenization4 ,the public in general is now getting educated to the importance of planting grafted or budded varieties of known merit1 which is attested by the large plantings of the last several years4 ,my limited experience with grafting large nut trees is that it is not practicable1 from the fact that the lower limbs outgrow the grafted ones and eventually smother them and cause them to die out1 leaving the tree in a disfigured condition4 ,the better way is to plant several trees of a good pollenizing variety near one another to get best results in bearing4 ,in this brief history of the nut industry of ,pennsylvania and adjacent states1 ,i have said nothing in regard to propagation and culture1 knowing that some one else will take up that subject in detail4 ,horace ,greeley in his prime of life said3 ,young man1 go west4 ,the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association says3 ,young man1 plant a nut tree4 ,a ,,comparison ,,of ,,northern ,,and ,,southern ,,conditions ,,in ,,the ,,propagation ,,of ,,nut ,,trees ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones1 ,,lancaster1 ,,pa4 ,i shall not try to cover the whole subject of propagation or describe methods of budding and grafting1 as these will be covered by others and we are to have demonstrations of budding and grafting1 which are far ahead of any descriptions that can be given4 ,i will try to compare conditions in the ,north and ,south and give some of my experience with the problems that have confronted us4 ,we have been able to get very satisfactory results with the pecan1 either by budding or grafting1 under northern conditions4 ,with good scions and good stocks we have been able to get nearly1 if not quite1 as good results in ,pennsylvania as we were able to get in ,florida or ,louisiana4 ,the growth of the tree is also quite satisfactory4 ,from dormant buds on good stocks we are able to get a growth of four to six feet the first year in the nursery and six to seven feet is not unusual4 ,the growth is also quite stocky and altogether very satisfactory4 ,any of the methods of propagation as practiced on the pecan in the ,south are successful in the ,north1 but budding by the patch method has given us the best results4 ,grafting is quite successful so far as the live or stand is concerned1 but1 on account of our shorter growing season1 the growth is not nearly so satisfactory as that of the dormant bud which1 being set the previous summer1 is ready to start quickly into growth in the spring and gets the full benefit of our shorter growing season4 ,the shagbark hickory is essentially a northern tree and can only be propagated satisfactorily in the ,north4 ,in ,florida and ,louisiana we could graft the shagbark on pecan stocks with fairly satisfactory results1 so far as the live or stand was concerned1 but the tree did not take kindly to the climate of the ,gulf ,coast and made little growth1 a number dying out altogether the second and third years after being grafted4 ,we have never gotten very satisfactory results from grafting the shagbark with scions taken from old1 bearing trees1 but with good scions from young thrifty trees1 the shagbark may be grafted with fairly satisfactory results in the northern states4 ,from the nature of the growth1 it is not practical to bud the shagbark by the annular or patch bud methods as practiced so satisfactorily on the pecan1 but last season 7#aiac7 in an experiment we got good results from ordinary shield budding by taking scions from a tree that had matured and ripened its growth up early and setting the buds on young1 sappy growth of the pignut hickory1 ,hicoria ,glabra4 ,the scions from which those buds were taken were cut to test patch budding on the shagbark and when it was found that the growth had hardened and the bark would not peel1 the buds were cut and inserted by ordinary shield budding1 as practiced on the apple1 peach1 etc4 ,this experiment was made with little or no hope of success1 so that my surprise can well be imagined1 when the wrapping was removed and it was found that every bud had united with the stocks6 ,these buds have made better growth the present season than have the grafts set the past spring1 as might be expected4 ,this may be a freak and we may not be able to again duplicate the results1 at least in more extensive practice1 but ,i am inclined to think that we will1 under similar conditions4 ,the shagbark1 without any manipulation1 ripens and hardens up its growth early in the season and it would appear that these conditions could easily be duplicated1 at least in average seasons4 ,young stocks of either the pecan or pignut hickory hold their sap much later than does the shagbark and are in good condition for budding after the shagbark is dormant4 ,we have practiced this method on the chestnut for several years with very satisfactory results4 ,the chestnut may be budded almost as easily as the apple or pear1 and with nearly as good results1 by ordinary shield budding1 by taking scions for budding from an old bearing tree which has matured and ripened its growth up early and setting the buds on young1 sappy seedling stocks growing under cultivation in the nursery4 ,the paragon chestnut1 especially1 ripens its growth up very early when the tree is carrying a good crop of chestnuts1 and there is a month1 in average seasons1 when buds may be taken from it and set on young stocks in the nursery4 ,this condition might be brought about on younger trees from which buds are to be taken by withholding nitrogenous fertilizers and cultivation1 or1 if necessary1 by root pruning4 ,root pruning should not be too severe as a sudden check on the growth in the growing season might interfere more or less with the storing up of starch or dormant plant food in the scion4 ,any condition or conditions that will serve to induce early maturing and ripening of the wood growth on trees from which buds are to be taken will be satisfactory1 and by using nitrogenous fertilizers and liberal cultivation on the stocks to be budded1 they may be kept in good condition of sap well into ,september in average seasons4 ,grafted at the proper time we were able to get good results without any manipulation of the seedling stocks4 ,all that we ever did there was to remove the new growth occasionally to hold the stocks in good condition for grafting and prolong the grafting season1 and it was always questionable whether this was a necessary precaution4 ,my idea in keeping the new growth off the stocks till the grafts were set was not to control the sap flow1 but to prevent1 if it were possible by this means1 the exhaustion of the stored up starch in the stock1 by the new growth4 ,in the northern states1 the sap in the walnut stocks1 and perhaps to some extent in other nut tree stocks1 is inclined to come up in the spring with a rush4 ,some seasons at least1 even before the buds push into growth1 when the stocks are cut off for grafting a large number bleed or run sap very freely and this may continue several days1 flooding and injuring the scion1 and exhausting the vitality of the stock4 ,this condition was especially noticeable the past spring1 due presumably1 to the lateness of the growing season4 ,making provision for the exit of the surplus sap was usually sufficient in the lower south and1 we believed1 would be farther north1 but with the stronger flow of sap this is not sufficient in the northern states1 at least some seasons4 ,an examination of grafts1 set on stocks which have bled freely after having been grafted1 shows that the stock callouses very slowly1 if at all1 and the scion1 unless it be of very heavy1 solid wood1 becomes dark colored and sour and the wood soon dies in the cleft1 although the scion above this point may remain green for weeks4 ,i am not able1 at this time1 to give any specific remedy for the correction of this trouble for the reason that ,i have not worked it out to my own satisfaction as yet1 but now that we understand the trouble better1 ,i feel sure that we will be able to correct it in the manipulation of the stocks before they are grafted4 ,keeping the new growth off the stocks may be found to be sufficient in most seasons1 if the grafting is done rather late1 but ,i am of the opinion that a rather severe cutting back of the stocks a few days before they are grafted1 if the grafting is done early1 will be found the best practice4 ,for later grafting1 my opinion is that two or three cuttings1 say a week apart1 will be better4 ,root pruning1 where it can be practiced to advantage1 will be found more effective still4 ,i have never known newly transplanted stocks or those which had the tree digger run under them1 to bleed freely when grafted1 and we have sometimes gotten a good stand of grafts on such stocks1 but such stocks may not always have sufficient sap for the best results in grafting1 if they have been recently transplanted or root pruned4 ,fall planted ,as a matter of experiment1 ,i want to try budding both the pecan and walnut by this method the present season1 but ,i don't expect any results from walnut buds set in this way4 ,for the information of those who may wish to try this method the present season1 ,i will say that we cut the shagbark buds a little heavier than we cut apple or pear buds4 ,the wood was left in the bud4 ,the bark on the stock was split and the buds inserted just as in any other shield budding4 ,the buds were wrapped very firmly1 with waxed muslin1 just as we wrap patch buds4 ,our success with grafting the ,english or ,persian walnut1 under northern conditions1 has been variable and not very satisfactory4 ,with good scions and good stocks and other favorable conditions1 we have sometimes gotten over #ij per cent to grow1 but the stand is more often much below this and the present season we did not average over #be per cent4 ,the fact that we get good stands of grafts when all conditions are right1 is not only encouraging but demonstrates that the ,english walnut can be grafted under eastern or northern conditions with at least a fair degree of certainty as to results1 just as soon as we learn the causes of our failures and are thus able to apply the remedy4 ,perhaps the greatest drawback to the successful grafting of the ,english walnut is the difficulty of obtaining good scions4 ,the annual growth of the walnut is much more pithy than that of the pecan or shagbark1 and for this reason1 only a comparatively small portion of the growth is available for grafting purposes if we are able to select scions that will give the best results4 ,like the pecan and shagbark1 the two-year wood makes the best scions for grafting1 provided that the wood has good buds on it1 but under our conditions those buds that lie dormant are usually shed off during the summer and few good buds remain that will start quickly into active growth4 ,it is true that adventitious buds will often form where these buds have shed off1 and these will push into growth if the stock is kept free from sprouts1 but usually too late in the season to make good trees1 and keeping the seedling stock free from sprouts when it should be in leafage is more or less weakening and injurious and the grafts1 starting into growth late in the season1 do not mature and ripen their growth up properly before frost and are quite likely to be injured by early ,november freezes1 unless they have some protection4 ,to graft the ,english walnut with unvarying and satisfactory results1 under northern conditions1 we must not only have good scions and good stocks1 but we must control the sap flow in the stocks4 ,in ,florida and ,louisiana the sap came up more gradually in the stocks in the spring1 and when or root pruned stocks would probably give the best results1 as the sap would probably come up more gradually in the spring and1 while the flow would probably be sufficient for the best results1 it would not flow freely enough to injure the scion or stock4 ,we have not experienced any serious difficulty from an extreme flow of sap in pecan stocks1 either in the ,north or ,south1 but we have had grafts set on the pignut hickory fail from this cause4 ,the ,english walnut may be budded with fair to good results1 by the patch method1 by selecting good buds on the best matured1 round growth1 but to propagate the tree economically and satisfactorily it is desirable to both bud and graft1 otherwise both stocks and scion wood are wasted4 ,,top-,,working ,,large ,,walnut ,,trees ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed1 ,,vincennes1 ,,indiana ,in top-working large native walnut trees to the ,persian or ,english walnut1 the first operation is to cut the trees back severely4 ,this should be done while the trees are dormant1 preferably in ,february or early in ,march4 ,cut them back two feet or more above where you wish to graft1 then cut again to where you want them4 ,this will avoid splitting4 ,usually we cut back to where the limbs are from two to four inches in diameter4 ,we have cut some back that were six to eight inches with good results4 ,however1 limbs this size require careful attention to avoid decay as it takes so long for them to heal over4 ,scions for ,grafting ,scions for grafting should be cut while perfectly dormant and packed in damp moss or sawdust1 being careful not to have it too wet4 ,paper line the boxes and place in a cool place4 ,cold storage is much better4 ,scions cut during the winter and placed in cold storage will come out in good shape for grafting in ,may1 or budding during ,july or ,august4 ,where there is danger of the wood being injured by cold weather it would be well to cut scions in ,november1 before severe cold4 ,time for ,grafting ,wait until the new growth is well advanced or nearly in full leaf1 which is about ,may #a to #aj1 in this latitude4 ,methods ,use either the wedge graft or the bark graft4 ,we have had equally good results with each4 ,if any difference it is in favor of the side or bark graft which we prefer because it does not split or mutilate the stock1 there is not the chance for decay1 and the wounds heal over much quicker4 ,on limbs three to four inches in diameter put in three to four grafts4 ,cut the stubs back one to two inches below where they were cut when dormant so you may have a fresh clean cut4 ,pare the rough bark off until you have a fairly smooth surface for three inches below where the limbs are cut off4 ,side or ,bark ,grafting ,for side or bark grafting split the bark with a sharp knife for about two inches where the graft is to be set4 ,cut your scions with about two buds4 ,slope the scion all from one side with a long slope so it will fit well to the wood or cambium layer2 then trim off a little of the outer bark on the outside lower edge of the scion1 just enough to expose the cambium so it will come in contact with the inner side of the bark on the tree4 ,wedge ,graft ,if the wedge graft is used1 take a long bladed knife 7a corn knife will do7 set it sloping on the cut off stock and make a clean cut through the bark first so it will split straight1 then raise the handle of the knife and drive the blade into the wood1 splitting it as deep as needed1 depending on the size of the scion and insert a wooden wedge made from some hard wood4 ,an old broom or hoe handle is good1 tapering the wedge from both sides1 leaving it thick in the center so it will come out easily after the graft is set by simply tapping lightly from first one side and then the other4 ,in cutting the scion slope from each side with a long slope to fit the split in the stub4 ,the outer edge of the scion should be somewhat thicker than the inner edge so that when the wedge is taken out it will be held firm4 ,be very careful to see that the cambium of the scion and tree meet on each edge of the scion4 ,pack all large cracks with tissue paper and wax thoroughly4 ,waxing1 ,tying1 ,bagging ,as soon as the grafts are set1 cover the entire wound with grafting wax1 being careful to cover the top of the stub well and the sides as far down as the bark is split1 and the upper end of the scion4 ,then place a paper sack over the stub to prevent evaporation and leave this on until the scions start into growth4 ,we do not use any tying material on large limbs because the bark is thick enough to hold the graft in place4 ,however1 on smaller trees it will be important to wrap the grafts well4 ,grafting ,wax ,the best grafting wax we have found is composed of the following3 ,four pounds resin1 one pound beeswax1 one-half pint linseed oil and one tablespoon of lampblack4 ,melt all together and apply with a paint brush1 being careful not to have the wax too hot4 ,after ,care ,after new growth starts watch it closely every week or ten days and keep all suckers removed until the scion starts into growth4 ,wherever grafts fail to start the suckers may be left to grow for budding later4 ,budding ,large ,trees ,cut back early the same as for grafting1 cover all cuts with grafting wax1 let all sprouts grow until time to bud1 which is usually ,august #a to ,september #a4 ,thin out the small1 weaker sprouts and bud three or four of the largest ones1 setting the bud four to six inches from where the sprout comes out of the stub4 ,use the patch bud1 wrap carefully with waxed cloth1 using muslin dipped in melted beeswax1 the strips of cloth three-sixteenths to one-fourth inch wide4 ,the following spring1 about ,march #a1 cut the sprouts back to about three inches above the bud1 remove all other sprouts when new growth starts and keep all suckers removed4 ,supports ,at this time you will need to put up slat supports to tie the buds to4 ,take slats one by two inches and twelve feet long4 ,nail these to the sides of the limbs so they will extend six to eight feet above4 ,keep buds and grafts tied up every week or ten days during the growing season4 ,it has been our experience that budding is preferable4 ,however1 grafting in the spring and then budding in ,august gives you two chances the same season4 ,this same method applies to the pecan and hickory as well as the walnut and if the work is carefully done you will surely be well paid for your work4 ,,interest ,,in ,,nut ,,growing ,,in ,,the ,,intermountain ,,states ,,dr4 ,l4 ,d4 ,,batchelor1 ,,utah ,,agricultural ,,experiment ,,station ,the marked increase in the interest in nut growing throughout the intermountain states is shown by the numerous inquiries on this subject which are directed to this office4 ,there have been very few plantings of commercial orchards1 but on every hand there is an interest shown in using nut trees for shade trees4 ,the hardy varieties of ,persian walnut are being planted more each year to ascertain the most promising sorts for commercial planting4 ,larger plantings will no doubt follow when some of these varieties have gained the confidence of the people1 for one of the chief drawbacks to nut planting in the past has been the common belief that a semi-tropical climate is essential to the production of such nuts as almonds1 pecans and ,persian walnuts4 ,the ,utah ,agricultural ,experiment ,station has distributed about one hundred ,persian walnut trees to coperative planters over the state the past season4 ,ninety-five per cent of the trees are making a thrifty growth1 while a similar planting made in #aiab gives good promise4 ,the following varieties are included in the experimental lot2 ,chaberte 7grafted on black walnut72 ,franquette 7on black and ,english walnut72 ,franquette 7,vrooman ,strain72 ,mayette 7on ,english ,walnut72 ,parisienne 7on the black walnut72 ,pomeroy 7seedling72 ,pomeroy 7on black walnut72 ,rush 7on black walnut74 ,a number of seedling trees have been discovered by the writer during the past year1 throughout the state4 ,some of these seedlings are producing a fairly good type of commercial nut4 ,what is more important1 however1 the success of these seedling ,persian walnuts points to the practicability of planting the hardier varieties of this nut in the intermountain states4 ,,report ,,from ,g4 ,h4 ,,corsan ,location--,toronto4 ,season--,winter1 #aiac-aiad2 ,spring1 #aiad2 ,summer1 #aiad4 ,type of season--,november and ,december very mild4 ,the ground was not frozen the least on ,january #a1 #aiad4 ,january #ab the coldest day ,toronto ever experienced #bb ,f4 below zero4 ,on ,february #ab it was #ah ,f4 below zero4 ,january1 ,february and most of ,march very steady cold4 ,very little snow all winter1 none on ,january #ab4 ,except those that ,i smothered by too much care the following seedlings lived through the winter and are alive today3 ,pecans2 pinus edulis2 pinus ,koriensis2 chestnuts2 filberts2 all the juglans including ,californica and ,canadian seed of regia2 pawpaws2 persimmons4 ,my mountain rose peaches had not a twig winter killed though my ,fitzgeralds1 a very hardy peach1 had some2 this peach may not be as hardy as it is blown up to be4 ,the season has been very dry and this summer many of the ,paragon chestnuts died that were not watered4 ,my ,pomeroy walnuts are having a struggle to keep good form but ,i think that ,i will have a few hardy ones selected from them1 as these last two winters have been the most trying on young trees we have ever had1 of which fact ,i am glad4 ,here at ,battle ,creek are a dozen of ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,reed's grafted pecans2 all are alive and growing strong as are mine in ,toronto4 ,i wrote you of the horrible abuse that mine had while in transit and they had a right to die but lived4 ,pecans grow very late into the fall and do not shed their leaves early so that ,i feel sure that the wood will harden sufficiently to stand the winter4 ,the next question is1 will the nut mature where grapes and peaches grow and just escape the ,october frosts4 ,i saw many splendid pecans at ,burlington1 ,iowa4 ,native pecans for seed stock can be procured from there in abundance4 ,the nuts there are long and narrow1 but not thick-shelled1 and sell retail in the stores for not less than twenty cents a pound4 ,the climate at ,burlington has been #ce ,f4 below zero some winters4 ,i am certain from my observations all over northeastern ,north ,america that the pecan has far more possibilities than the ,english walnut or any other nut unless we can develop a blight proof chestnut4 ,the north ,chinese walnut has been doing wonderfully well in ,toronto and those two trees fifteen and seventeen feet high have not a twig killed4 ,they do not bear as early as the ,japanese4 ,their leaves are much longer than the ,english walnut but the nut is fully as good as the best ,california1 ,persian walnut that ever reached the market4 ,many of the nuts are paper shelled1 some burst open at the suture4 ,their appearance is almost the same as the ,english but the tree is much hardier1 growing at the extreme north of ,china4 ,then this is the tree that the nurserymen of ,ontario have been selling as ,english walnuts and guaranteeing to be hardy4 ,but as soon as we saw the leaf and the trunk we at once knew them for north ,chinese walnuts and upon being told that1 the men acknowledged that they were4 ,just today ,i have been speaking to a missionary from the extreme north of ,china and he informs me that they have two feet of ice every winter where these trees grow in abundance with the finest nuts he ever saw4 ,this fact and the fact that really good pecans can grow up north are the two facts that ,i wish this association to work on in order to get results that are certain of success4 ,,distribution ,,of ,,persian 7,,english7 ,,walnut ,,seedlings ,,in ,,michigan ,attention should be called to the work of ,mr4 ,myron ,a4 ,cobb of the ,department of ,agriculture of the ,central ,state ,normal ,school1 ,mount ,pleasant1 ,michigan1 of which he sends the following outline4 ,mr4 ,cobb has consented to send out with the trees a leaflet1 to be supplied by this ,association1 explaining the fundamental principles of nut growing4 ,it is interesting to note the cost of these seedling trees1 one and one-half cents each1 including postage4 ,the success of ,mr4 ,cobb's work shows the readiness of the public for it4 ,our ,association should encourage similar work in other states4 99 99 99 99 99 ,about five years ago1 ,i began the distribution of walnut seedlings by planting a few seeds in our orchard1 and distributed them to the schools of ,isabella ,county4 ,i distributed about five hundred each year1 making a total of two thousand five hundred seedlings4 ,this year1 the idea has been more widely advertised1 and the demand for seedlings has been enormous4 ,i have distributed this year five thousand seedlings and have received orders for about two thousand more which ,i could not fill because of lack of trees4 ,this work was taken up primarily with the idea of distributing walnut seedlings on the farms and incidentally to teach how trees are raised and to correlate the work of the school to the home4 ,the trees have been distributed largely by parcel post1 in amounts from three to three hundred4 ,the trees have been sold for one and one-half cents each4 ,this covers the original cost of the trees and the postage on the same4 ,some of the trees have been grown upon our own grounds1 but the most of them have been obtained from the ,d4 ,hill ,nursery ,company1 of ,dundee1 ,illinois4 ,the distribution has been largely through the schools1 but many organizations have interested themselves in the movement1 as farmers' clubs1 women's clubs1 civic improvement leagues1 etc4 ,the ,women's ,club of ,pontiac distributed two hundred and seventy-five4 ,we prefer to distribute them through the schools4 ,these trees have been distributed to nearly every portion of ,michigan1 ,mr4 ,weidman1 a prominent lumberman1 sending one hundred to the ,upper ,peninsula4 ,several hundred have been sent to the burned over areas of ,northeastern ,michigan1 some have been planted in the cities and along the roadside1 but the most of them have been distributed to the farms4 ,the demand this year exceeded our anticipation4 ,many farmers and organizations have been greatly interested in securing and distributing the seedlings1 and some of the requests for seedlings have been very interesting1 in that they show such a great desire on the part of the farmers to secure the trees1 and it has been with extreme regret that we were obliged to return their money1 because of lack of seedlings4 ,this movement seems to be especially interesting in many ways and plans are being made to supply the demand the following season and to extend the work along other practical lines and apparent indications are that our slogan1 ',a walnut tree for every farm1' will be a reality4 ,,examples ,,of ,,some ,,recent ,,correspondence ,,farmingdale1 ,,ill41 ,august #e1 #aiad4 ,i am interested in fruit and nuts of all kinds1 but plant only for home use and experimentally4 ,i believe the chestnut is a better money nut here than the pecan1 as natives here bear very sparsely and irregularly although the catkins or male part usually come out in great profusion4 ,i note that you say there is probably not much use in trying to grow the pecan or ,persian walnut outside the peach area4 ,here our pecan seems as hardy as the average apple1 withstanding #be below zero or more with little or no injury4 ,i find that the ,andrus ,persian walnut is much hardier than the ,pomeroy as ,i planted two small one-year trees that endured the following winter #bj below1 with no injury to even terminal buds4 ,so twenty years may show a change of opinion as to the value of the ,persian walnut in the ,middle ,west4 ,the ,japanese walnuts here are often injured by winter at #ae below1 but there may be hardier types and varieties than those ,i have tried4 ,i have never been able to graft the pecan successfully--annual or budding has given me the only success ,i have had4 ,and in years like this and last1 ,i find it very difficult to make a transplanted grafted pecan live without watering4 ,i have failed1 so far1 in finding a practical method to keep chestnuts in good eating and planting condition until spring4 ,if stored in the ground cellar or as peach pits1 they mould1 if kept in an ordinary building they become too dry4 ,,benjamin ,,buckman4 ,,south ,,waterford1 ,,me41 ,november #ba1 #aiad4 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,i have just read in the last issue of the ,rural ,new-,yorker a very interesting article on nut growing1 giving your name4 ,for several years ,i have thought that it would be better for people in the ,new ,england ,states to give more attention to nuts than so much to apples1 but ,i have not been in a position to start in with nut trees much until now4 ,although #fe years old and somewhat used up with rheumatism ,i am not ready to give up yet4444 ,when ,i started on this farm it did not produce a barrel of grafted fruit4 ,there were quite a lot of natural fruit trees that never had been trimmed or cared for in any way4 ,i grafted these trees and set out some from time to time until now the farm produces from #ejj to #hjj barrels per year4 ,this year apples at picking time sold slow for #a4jj per barrel for ,no4 #a's1 ,no4 #b's not wanted at any price4 ,i often think that if ,i had set out a few acres of nut trees #be years ago they would have been more profit now than the whole #bjj-;acre farm is4444 ,last spring on account of my lameness and the scarcity and the high price of farm help ,i sold my large farm and bought a small place4444 ,last spring ,i had about two acres of this land plowed up and during the summer thoroughly worked over with the idea of next spring setting it out to nut trees of some varieties that would do best here4 ,now ,i do not know anything about nut growing or what varieties best to plant4 ,if you can help me out by putting me in a way to get this information you will confer a great favor4 ,,united ,,states ,,department ,,of ,,agriculture1 ,,bureau ,,of ,,statistics1 7,agricultural ,forecasts7 ,office of the ,county ,correspondent4 ,,isle ,,la ,,motte1 ,,grand ,,isle1 ,,vermont1 ,december #aj1 #aiad4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir3 ,i wish to set out several nut trees next spring here on this island in ,lake ,champlain4 ,we have lots of hickory nuts1 butternuts1 hazelnuts and beechnuts growing wild here and ,champlain says in his narrative that there were lots of fine chestnuts growing here #cjj years ago4 ,now ,i want to try some chestnuts1 black walnuts1 ,english walnuts1 pecans1 and almonds4 ,if you can tell me the hardiest varieties of each and where to get trees ,i shall be greatly obliged4 ,i have my doubts about pecans and almonds but am willing to try them here4 ,i am growing peaches here where they never grew before4 ,,richmond1 ,,va41 ,december #ac1 #aiad4 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,i am just commencing an enterprise in propagation of nut trees here just north of ,richmond4 ,i shall have plenty of time to do some experimental work in planting of unknown varieties and would like to do some such planting4 ,i want any information ,i can get on varieties of ,english and black walnuts1 hazelnuts1 hickories and persimmons1 sloes and any other varieties of currants4 ,if ,i am not trespassing too much on your time please put me in touch with parties who can give me information4 ,please advise me if your association has any publications on the subject4 ,i am a retired civil engineer and my hobby has been all my life the study of forest trees4 ,i am now in a position to do some planting and ,i should be very glad to coperate with your association4 ,i am here located exactly on the line of demarcation between northern and southern forest growths and ,i think ,i have exactly the location for experimental work4444 ,,new ,,milford1 ,,conn41 ,december #h1 #aiad4 ,,my ,,dear ,,dr4 ,,deming3 ,this morning ,i am sending1 by parcel post1 a sample of hickory nuts to compete for the prize which ,i saw has been offered by the association1 of which you are secretary4 ,my father1 while he was living1 sent an exhibition of nuts to the ,pan-,american1 also to the ,st4 ,louis ,fair1 and received the highest award given for nuts at both ,expositions4 ,,new ,,london1 ,,conn41 ,december #c1 #aiad4 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,we are all elderly people1 lacking energy to cultivate our farm land as closely as we ought4 ,some of us are interested in nut culture and have suggested that we plant some nuts and watch their growth from the very beginning4 ,of course1 we only wish nuts of the best varieties and easiest culture4 ,we only wish hardy nuts1 that do not need grafting1 and we prefer those that come into bearing early4 ,we do not wish any of the ,mammoth dwarf1 ,japan chestnut4 ,we bought a nice one1 but it will not mature its fruit1 and is gradually dying4 ,we find great difficulty in purchasing nuts4 ,those who have trees for sale1 refuse to sell the ,,nuts4 ,a person who has a few ,japan walnut trees in connection with some other business1 very kindly offered to sell us some nuts1 and these are all we have been able to purchase so far4 ,there are but very few nuts that we would attempt to try4 ,we wish to find some of the very best of filberts or hazelnuts1 that we shall probably cultivate in bush form4 ,we are interested in the hardy1 hard shell almonds4 ,do you think we could do anything with them8 ,i think they do not have to be grafted4 ,do you know of any species of ,english walnut or ,madeira nut1 that are perfectly hardy1 and come into bearing early1 that would serve our purpose8 ,i know we are asking quite a favor1 for strangers1 but if you will kindly assist us a little1 we will thank you very much4 ,,broadway ,,methodist ,,church1 ,,fargo1 ,n4 ,d41 ,november #aj1 #aiad4 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,i saw your statement in the ,southern ,planter this morning and am writing1 not to tell you where choice nut-specimens are to be obtained but to ask a few questions relative to the obtaining the best information possible to the growing of nuts4 ,i have a ten-acre tract about twelve miles straight south of ,staunton1 ,va4 ,when ,i purchased the tract the chestnut and hickory were thriving4 ,i have had about one half of the property cleared and some trees planted4 ,among the trees are twelve hardy ,english walnuts from ,green's ,nursery1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 #f ,mayo and #f ,pomeroy walnuts from ,glen ,brothers1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,i am interested in nut-culture4 ,i have inquired of ,glen ,brothers if the ,kentish ,cob would thrive there4 ,they assure me it will4 ,if there is a chance to make a success of nuts1 ,i would turn my time and thought to the raising of walnuts and ,kentish cobs and filberts4 ,what would you advise8 ,if you cannot give me the desired information1 kindly give me directions to the one who can4 ,i was brought up among the walnuts and filberts and cob-nuts in the ,county of ,kent1 ,england1 and now my thoughts are turning to the delights of earlier days and ,i intend coming to the ,shenandoah ,valley in the near future and making my home there4444 ,,the ,,secretary',s ,,reply ,,georgetown1 ,,conn41 ,november #ac1 #aiad4 ,,my ,,dear ,,mr4 ----3 ,it gives me great pleasure to reply as well as ,i am able to your letter of ,november #ajth4 ,you are in the position of many thoughtful men of the present day in craving the peace and delight of a life that is nearer to nature4 ,you have also a small tract of land in a favored part of our country1 and you have been led to believe1 by the statements that you have run across in chance sources1 that the returns from nut growing may enable you to attain your ambition4 ,our president has a place at ,roundhill1 ,va41 not very many miles from yours4 ,he is a professor of something like ,efficiency in the ,university of ,pennsylvania4 ,he is young1 aggressive and very efficient himself4 ,his father was1 and he himself is1 an orchardist and fruit grower4 ,both he and ,i have been for some years working at the problems of nut growing4 ,but it is only this year that we seem to have overcome the difficulties of grafting and budding nut trees4 ,we have the greatest faith in the future success of nut growing1 but we do not know how long it will be before we shall know just what varieties of nuts to plant ourselves1 least of all to advise others to plant1 with any certainty of success4 ,for the man1 however1 who realizes that nut growing in the ,north is still in the experimental stage1 we have no end of information and advice4 ,the information you have had from interested sources is misleading4 ,probably you would not live long enough to get satisfactory results from the seedling trees you might plant1 even if such results ever came4 ,to get reasonably prompt and certain results from nut trees it is necessary to grow such trees grafted or budded from trees of known good bearing record1 just as the same thing is necessary with the common fruit trees4 ,your information about the ,kentish cob and the filbert is but half the truth4 ,the shrubs will thrive for a time in almost any place4 ,but they have nowhere in the ,east been a success because sooner or later they are destroyed by a disease4 ,one of our great nut growing wants is a filbert or hazel of good size and quality that has the blight resistant quality of our native hazel4 ,my advice to you then would be as follows4 ,if it is your idea to make a living by nut growing on your ten acres in ,virginia within a reasonable number of years1 ,i do not advise you to attempt it4 ,if you wish to take up nut growing as offering an occupation of the greatest interest1 with opportunity for the solution of problems of great importance to mankind1 and a fair promise of eventual money profit to yourself or to your heirs1 then ,i should certainly advise you to take up nut growing4 ,i would not attempt to grow the hazel or the chestnut at present1 except in an experimental way4 ,the nuts of best promise for you are the ,indiana or northern pecans and the ,english walnut4 ,but it requires considerable study of the subject before one may take up the practice of nut growing without the probability of making unnecessary mistakes1 and unnecessarily losing time and money in repeating the experiences of others4 ,the wilful misstatements of some nurserymen1 and the ignorance or carelessness of others1 has hindered the progress of nut growing4 ,fortunately we have several nurserymen who have made a study of the subject1 who are honorable and truthful men1 and on whose statements you may rely4 ,the only possible qualification of this statement that ,i know of is that an allowance for enthusiasm might be borne in mind without risk of harm4 ,i enclose a list of such nurserymen1 accredited by this association4 ,your letter seems to call for this extended reply which ,i hope will be of service to you4 ,if ,i have left anything obscure that you would like to know about1 or if ,i can assist you in any other way1 please let me know4 ,with the hope that you may be able to take up this most fascinating avocation with pleasure and profit1 ,i am ,very truly yours1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,deming4 ,,preliminary ,,report ,,on ,,the ,,persian ,,walnut ,the secretary herewith presents a preliminary report on the investigation of the ,persian walnut4 ,no attempt has been made to collect information about the walnut on the ,pacific ,coast1 which is quite another matter4 ,but the investigation reports very briefly on trees from ,canada to ,georgia and from ,massachusetts to ,utah4 ,the result of the investigation so far is hardly more than a bare catalogue of the trees which the secretary has been able to locate1 and is intended simply as an aid to further investigation4 ,it is now published with the hope that members and others may become informed of ,persian walnut trees that it may be possible for them to locate1 observe and report upon4 ,it is manifestly impossible for any one person1 unless some paid agent of the government or other institution1 to investigate many of these trees personally1 they are scattered over such a wide area4 ,correspondence is usually unsatisfactory and personal investigation is the only way to get good results4 ,probably only a small part of all the existing trees is here catalogued4 ,but among them1 and among the others that will come to light in the constantly widening investigation by an increasing number of interested persons1 will certainly be found varieties of merit and adaption to different sections of the country4 ,as the meeting next year at ,rochester is to give especial attention to the ,persian walnut it is to be hoped that members and others will make special efforts to send to the meeting specimen nuts and reports of trees4 ,,the ,,persian ,,walnut ,,canada ,brantford--,dr4 ,d4 ,s4 ,sager4 ,knows at least #ej trees4 ,is top working native walnuts and other work4 ,grimbsy--,h4 ,k4 ,griffith4 ,bearing tree or trees4 ,grimbsy--,louisa ,neller4 ,bearing tree or trees4 ,grimbsy ,east--,beverley ,book4 ,bearing tree or trees4 ,st4 ,catherins--,miss ,alice ,berger1 #bea ,queenston ,st4 ,several bearing trees4 ,one tree #ajj-bjj pounds annually4 ,st4 ,catherins--,harper ,secord1 ,r4 #b4 ,twenty-eight young seedlings4 ,st4 ,catherins--,james ,titherington4 ,bearing tree or trees4 ,st4 ,catherins--,j4 ,j4 ,fee1 ,niagara ,st4 ,bearing tree or trees4 ,st4 ,catherins--,f4 ,d4 ,solvyne1 ,carleton ,st4 ,bearing tree or trees4 ,toronto--,g4 ,h4 ,corsan1 ,university of ,toronto4 ,many young walnut and other nut trees4 ,hundreds of thousands being planted in ,niagara ,peninsula4 ,,new ,,york ,chappaqua--,f4 ,m4 ,clendenin4 ,just bearing few nuts after #h years4 ,lockport--,a4 ,c4 ,pomeroy4 ,bearing orchard1 seedlings4 ,north ,avon--,adelbert ,thompson4 ,bearing orchard1 seedlings1 #bbe trees4 ,hilton--,e4 ,b4 ,holden4 ,bearing trees4 ,rochester--,b4 ,f4 ,whitmore1 #ebj ,park ,ave4 ,three bearing trees4 ,holley--,w4 ,e4 ,howard4 ,four bearing trees4 ,knows of others4 ,hundreds of trees4 ,canandaigua--,bradley ,wynkoop4 ,bearing tree4 ,brockport--,marcus ,cook1 #ij ,holley ,st4 ,nearly #ajj bearing trees within #e miles of ,brockport4 ,fairport--,pickering ,bros41 ,some ,pomeroys4 ,fairport--,n4 ,a4 ,baker4 ,victor--,e4 ,y4 ,shilling4 ,bearing tree4 ,victor--,a4 ,b4 ,wood4 ,bearing tree4 ,victor--,josiah ,snyder4 ,bearing tree4 ,watkins--,write ,e4 ,c4 ,gabriel1 ,rock ,stream4 ,tree reported by ,prof4 ,corbett at ,n4 ,hector1 #b or #c more east side of lake4 ,earlville--,francisco ,i4 ,l4 ,mulligan4 ,twenty-nine ,pomeroys and others4 ,hoosick ,halls--,a4 ,a4 ,baker1 ,r4 #b4 ,knows of bearing tree near ,long ,island4 ,port ,jefferson--,joseph ,schriever4 ,fine ,specimen4 ,huntington--,historical ,society4 ,fine ,specimen4 ,between ,huntington and ,centerport1 on ,gallows ,hill1 old ,geo ,s4 ,conklin place1 occupied by ,peachy1 as reported by ,uncle ,jerry ,wockers of the ,ithaca ,journal office4 ,bearing tree4 ,oyster ,bay--,joseph ,h4 ,sears4 ,bearing tree1 reported by ,henry ,hicks4 ,oyster ,bay--,mrs4 ,w4 ,h4 ,burgess4 ,bearing tree1 reported by ,henry ,hicks4 ,glen ,cove--,john ,t4 ,pratt4 ,bearing tree1 reported by ,henry ,hicks4 ,glen ,cove--,w4 ,l4 ,harkness 7,dosoris74 ,bearing tree1 reported by ,henry ,hicks4 ,woodbury--,l4 ,piquet4 ,bearing tree1 reported by ,henry ,hicks4 ,roslyn--,admiral ,aaron ,ward4 ,bearing tree1 reported by ,henry ,hicks4 ,hempstead--,rev4 ,chas ,snedaker1 ,st4 ,george's ,rectory4 ,bearing tree1 reported by ,henry ,hicks4 ,new ,york ,city1 ,westchester--,dr4 ,deming4 ,three ,morris trees4 ,,district ,,of ,,columbia ,washington--,barnes1 ,weaver1 ,kaingler1 ,stabler and other trees4 ,,delaware ,wilmington--,dr4 ,rumford4 ,smyrna--,walter ,l4 ,marks4 ,magnolia--,j4 ,b4 ,tisdale4 ,one or more bearing trees4 ,reported by ,e4 ,b and ,j4 ,m4 ,reed1 ,fredonia4 ,millsboro--,g4 ,l4 ,ellis4 ,twenty miles away some trees4 ,,north ,,carolina ,carthage--,i4 ,w4 ,williamson4 ,few young trees4 ,carthage--,john ,a4 ,mc,leod1 ,r4 #c4 ,pomona--,j4 ,van ,lindley4 ,several trees near ,southern ,pines4 ,,ohio ,cincinnati--,i4 ,b4 ,johnston4 ,about #ej trees near ,cincinnati4 ,gypsum--,h4 ,g4 ,miller1 of ,wm4 ,miner and ,son1 ,elmwood ,fruit ,farm4 ,two trees1 #bj years old4 ,also young ,pomeroy trees4 ,several very large bearing trees within a few miles of here4 ,dayton--,fred ,kircher1 #bba ,s4 ,mc,donough ,st4 ,amherst--,o4 ,f4 ,witte1 ,r4 #b4 ,bearing tree4 ,middletown--,levi ,leonard4 ,one hundred seedlings4 ,knows of old trees in ,lancaster ,co41 ,pa4 ,,new ,,jersey ,lumberton--,c4 ,s4 ,ridgeway4 ,peerless ,paper ,shell1 #be years1 #ej-ajj pounds4 ,paterson--,thos4 ,rodgers1 #bcf ,w4 #beth ,st41 ,w4 ,end4 ,bearing tree4 ,salem--,weber2 write ,d4 ,harris ,smith1 ,att'y4 ,rep4 ,j4 ,l4 ,doan4 ,haddonfield--,j4 ,hutchinson4 ,raritan--,philip ,lindsley1 ,box #cej4 ,bearing tree4 ,flemington--,rev4 ,dr4 ,sonne4 ,bearing tree4 ,marlton--,c4 ,d4 ,barton4 ,knows good bearing trees4 ,moorestown--,charles ,haines4 ,bearing tree4 ,delanco--,frank ,jones4 ,bearing tree4 ,,virginia ,williamsburg--,d4 ,s4 ,harris1 ,box #daf1 #cc ,febrey4 ,grafted4 ,williamsburg--,j4 ,a4 ,bechtel1 ,r4 #b4 ,mint ,springs--,williams place4 ,two trees2 rep4 ,am4 ,nut4 ,jour4 #h1 #ad1 p4 #ci4 ,lynchburg--,crockett4 ,roslyn--,r4 ,s4 ,carter1 ,box #da4 ,three trees4 ,emporia--,h4 ,w4 ,weiss4 ,fifty trees on different farms2 ,english1 ,japanese and black4 ,,maryland ,sandy ,spring--,ava ,m4 ,stabler4 ,colton's ,point--,james ,k4 ,jones4 ,see ,circular of ,j4 ,f4 ,jones4 ,eight or ten bearing trees4 ,forest ,hill--,wilmer ,p4 ,hoopes4 ,churchville--,alexis ,smith4 ,alexis4 ,sharon--,mrs4 ,s4 ,j4 ,poleet4 ,sheffield4 ,berkeley--,j4 ,t4 ,smith4 ,smith4 ,janettsville--,david ,hildt4 ,beder4 ,vale--,kate ,hooker4 ,hooker4 ,baltimore--,franklin-,davis ,nurseries4 ,princess-,anne--,ida ,m4 ,lankford4 ,bearing trees4 ,cooperstown--,l4 ,j4 ,onion1 ,p4 ,o4 ,sharon4 ,sir ,clair4 ,,massachusetts ,boston--,mrs4 ,schultz1 #cce ,cornell ,st41 ,roslindale1 ,boston4 ,bearing tree4 ,newburyport--,reported by ,c4 ,f4 ,knight1 ,rowley4 ,bearing tree4 ,winchester--,brackett 7,bro4 of ,g4 ,b4 ,brackett74 ,bearing trees4 ,,new ,,hampshire ,keene--,reported by ,a4 ,c4 ,pomeroy4 ,pomeroy trees4 ,newmarket--,alfred ,c4 ,durgin4 ,six ,pomeroy1 #b ,rush1 ,supposed to be grafted4 ,enfield--,forest ,colby4 ,some trees4 ,,michigan ,mt4 ,pleasant--,myron ,a4 ,cobb1 ,central ,state ,normal ,school4 ,has been distributing thousands of walnut seedlings4 ,coloma--,w4 ,c4 ,reed1 ,vincennes1 ,ind4 ,almont--,f4 ,p4 ,andrus4 ,bearing tree and seedlings4 ,augusta--,orville ,i4 ,miller4 ,buds from ,andrus4 ,,alabama ,huntsville--,mr4 ,mayhew1 ,westchester1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,reports tree4 ,,tennessee ,greenville--,wm4 ,h4 ,brown1 #eaf ,main ,st4 ,reports #c trees1 ,el4 #aejj4 ,,georgia ,sharpe--,paul ,dyer4 ,reported by ,prof4 ,mc,hatton4 ,,idaho ,boise--,s4 ,a4 ,gehman4 ,local bearing trees4 ,c4 ,c4 ,vincent1 ,ag4 ,exp4 ,sta4 ,moscow4 ,,utah ,lehi--,mrs4 ,j4 ,t4 ,winn4 ,several trees4 ,salt ,lake ,city--,j4 ,t4 ,harwood 7brother of above74 ,many bearing trees4 ,leon ,d4 ,batchelor1 ,horticulturist1 ,ag4 ,exp4 ,sta4 ,logan4 ,,correspondents ,,and ,,others ,,interested ,,in ,,nut ,,culture ,,california ,d4 ,p4 ,t4 ,mac,donald1 ,horticultural ,inspector1 #dah #bjth ,street1 ,oakland ,,canada ,albert ,h4 ,lawrence1 ,edmonton1 ,alberta1 ,box #adb ,,colorado ,dr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,benners1 ,silver ,plume ,albert ,e4 ,mauff1 ,secretary ,state ,board of ,horticulture1 ,denver ,,connecticut ,p4 ,g4 ,wallmo1 ,stony ,creek1 ,box #cad ,royal ,j4 ,barter1 ,farmington ,lester ,s4 ,white1 ,collinsville ,noah ,wallace1 ,farmington ,c4 ,k4 ,decherd1 ,meriden1 ,box #dfd ,f4 ,perry ,hubbard1 care of ,the ,rogers ,hubbard ,co41 ,middletown ,clarence ,t4 ,hatch1 ,new ,milford ,chester ,hart1 ,barkhamstead ,paul ,steinmann1 ,waterbury1 ,r4 #c ,charles ,e4 ,chester1 ,new ,london1 ,box #eic ,,delaware ,m4 ,l4 ,anderson1 ,lincoln ,city ,,district ,,of ,,columbia ,william ,a4 ,taylor1 ,department of ,agriculture ,,florida ,c4 ,e4 ,browne1 ,glen ,saint ,mary ,,idaho ,thomas ,judd1 ,st4 ,george ,crystal ,springs ,orchard ,co41 ,twin ,falls ,john ,gourley1 ,filer ,mr4 ,squires1 ,buhl1 ,rio ,vista ,fruit ,ranch ,,illinois ,jacob ,wyne1 ,lintner ,miss ,maude ,davidson1 ,lewiston ,l4 ,h4 ,calloway1 ,chapin ,benj4 ,buckman1 ,farmingdale ,william ,e4 ,walsh1 ,sparta1 ,r4 #d4 ,geo4 ,r4 ,hemingway1 #aba ,marion ,street1 ,oak ,park ,mrs4 ,r4 ,matthews1 ,mc,clure ,mrs4 ,ida ,l4 ,rice1 ,disco ,chas4 ,e4 ,graves1 ,university of ,illinois ,library1 ,urbana ,mrs4 ,truman ,sweet1 ,durand ,geo4 ,findlay1 #ajb ,so4 ,market ,street1 ,chicago ,j4 ,c4 ,gibbs1 ,elmwood ,dr ,a4 ,w4 ,foreman1 ,white ,hall ,editor ,journal ,american ,medical ,association1 #ece ,dearborn ,street1 ,chicago ,,indiana ,john ,f4 ,woods1 ,utility ,farm1 ,owensville1 ,r4 #ai ,w4 ,e4 ,mc,elderry1 ,princeton ,nursery1 ,princeton ,h4 ,j4 ,berendes1 #eji ,e4 ,pennsylvania ,street1 ,evansville ,vickery ,bros41 ,evansville ,jarodsky ,co41 ,mt4 ,vernon ,henry ,titus1 ,grand ,view ,j4 ,w4 ,jeffries1 ,carbon ,indiana ,pecan ,co41 #bcd #c;d ,street1 ,mt4 ,vernon ,h4 ,b4 ,hill1 ,knightstown1 ,henry ,co4 ,r4 ,r4 ,katterjohn1 ,boonville ,e4 ,hicks ,trueblood1 ,salem1 ,r4 #i1 ,box #fb ,h4 ,b4 ,halloway1 #aacb ,no4 ,illinois ,street1 ,indianapolis ,d4 ,w4 ,mc,farland1 ,no4 ,manchester ,thomas ,l4 ,kerth1 #djh ,second ,avenue1 ,evansville ,leo ,h4 ,fisher1 ,huntingburg ,harry ,gieseke1 ,patoka ,c4 ,a4 ,weilbrenner1 ,mt4 ,vernon ,j4 ,w4 ,gleichman1 ,evansville ,h4 ,m4 ,thurber1 ,rockport ,dr4 ,f4 ,l4 ,davis1 #bji ,dover ,street1 ,evansville ,john ,f4 ,woods1 ,owensville ,l4 ,p4 ,dorr1 ,howell1 ,r4 #i ,clarence ,cook1 ,indianapolis ,robert ,j4 ,tracewell1 ,evansville ,w4 ,a4 ,graham1 ,enterprise ,j4 ,c4 ,haines1 ,lake ,w4 ,a4 ,taylor1 ,oaktown ,chas4 ,f4 ,hartzmetz1 ,evansville ,j4 ,w4 ,strassell1 ,rockport ,,iowa ,wendell ,p4 ,williams1 ,danville ,,kansas ,h4 ,s4 ,baker1 ,secretary ,winfield ,nursery ,co41 ,winfield ,g4 ,h4 ,dodge1 #ajjj ,kearney ,street1 ,manhattan ,j4 ,h4 ,brown1 ,gridley ,,kentucky ,j4 ,w4 ,blunk1 ,maceo ,james ,speed1 ,editor ,farm and ,family1 ,louisville ,h4 ,c4 ,hargis1 ,hebbardsville ,c4 ,f4 ,kleiderer1 ,henderson ,professor ,carmody1 ,agricultural ,experiment ,station1 ,lexington ,,maine ,g4 ,i4 ,hamlin1 ,so4 ,waterford ,e4 ,f4 ,hitchings1 ,department of ,horticulture1 ,college of ,agriculture1 ,orono ,,maryland ,mrs4 ,w4 ,c4 ,taylor1 #gjj ,n4 ,broadway1 ,baltimore ,i4 ,s4 ,winfree1 ,salisbury ,frank ,j4 ,hoen1 #bac ,courtland ,street1 ,baltimore ,wm4 ,e4 ,little1 ,westminster ,mrs4 ,w4 ,c4 ,taylor1 #gjj ,no4 ,broadway1 ,baltimore ,,massachusetts ,capt4 ,william ,h4 ,dole1 ,n4 ,dartmouth1 ,r4 #d ,prof4 ,w4 ,d4 ,clark1 ,department of ,forestry1 ,agricultural ,college1 ,amherst ,leavitt ,perham1 ,ludlow ,center ,orrin ,c4 ,cook1 ,milford ,chas4 ,ripley1 #agc ,harvard ,street1 ,dorchester ,harris ,e4 ,chace1 ,clifford ,wilfred ,wheeler1 ,secretary ,state ,board of ,agriculture1 #acf ,state ,house1 ,boston ,chas4 ,r4 ,green1 ,librarian ,agricultural ,college1 ,amherst ,john ,h4 ,chard1 #bfc ,salem ,street1 ,bradford ,prof4 ,w4 ,d4 ,clark1 ,department of ,forestry1 ,agricultural ,college1 ,amherst ,,michigan ,j4 ,arthur ,whitworth1 ,michigan ,desk ,co41 ,grand ,rapids ,dr4 ,h4 ,m4 ,dunlap1 ,battle ,creek ,william ,l4 ,davies1 #aghj ,st4 ,aubin ,avenue1 ,detroit ,l4 ,o4 ,cook1 ,litchfield ,miss ,marie ,palmer1 ,plymouth1 ,r4 #b ,daniel ,a4 ,edwards1 ,newaygo ,b4 ,w4 ,madill1 ,linden ,j4 ,j4 ,robinson1 ,lamont ,geo4 ,w4 ,bolton1 ,sparta1 ,r4 #bj ,,mississippi ,g4 ,h4 ,sadler1 ,columbia1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d41 care of ,yale ,cany4 ,c4 ,j4 ,hayden1 ,assistant ,professor ,horticulture1 ,agricultural ,college ,,missouri ,william ,a4 ,f4 ,hain1 #bb ,tiffin ,avenue1 ,ferguson ,frank ,wild ,floral ,co41 ,sarcoxie ,f4 ,a4 ,chambers1 ,sherrill ,e4 ,a4 ,ester1 #aajb ,rogers ,avenue1 ,springfield ,,montana ,j4 ,l4 ,pfeiffer1 ,joliet ,,new ,,hampshire ,c4 ,w4 ,hoitt1 #bd ,odd ,fellows ,building1 ,nashua ,,new ,,jersey ,thomas ,rodgers1 #bcf ,w4 #beth ,street1 ,paterson ,j4 ,n4 ,jarvie1 ,beemerville ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,pounds1 ,paulsboro ,h4 ,g4 ,taylor1 ,secretary ,state ,horticultural ,society1 ,riverton ,nobel ,p4 ,randel1 ,the ,high ,school1 ,montclair ,c4 ,c4 ,doorly1 ,sussex1 ,r4 #b ,joseph ,s4 ,smith1 ,burlington1 ,r4 #c ,lemuel ,black1 ,hightstown ,herman ,tice1 ,westwood ,philip ,lindsley1 ,raritan1 ,box #cej ,rev4 ,dr4 ,sonne1 ,flemington ,c4 ,d4 ,barton1 ,marlton ,chas4 ,haines1 ,moorestown ,frank ,jones1 ,delanco ,john ,hutchinson1 ,haddonfield ,,new ,,york ,dr4 ,william ,b4 ,jones1 #ebe ,lake ,avenue1 ,rochester ,f4 ,h4 ,pough1 ,union ,sulphur ,co41 #ag ,battery ,place1 ,new ,york ,city ,w4 ,v4 ,s4 ,thorne1 ,v4 ,p4 ,union ,pacific ,system1 #afe ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city ,b4 ,f4 ,butler1 ,the ,warrington1 ,new ,york ,city ,fred ,mackintosh1 #c ,gillespie ,street1 ,schenectady ,j4 ,wallace ,bush1 ,central ,valley ,frank ,o4 ,ayres1 #a ,madison ,avenue1 ,new ,york ,city ,peter ,h4 ,beller1 ,gallupville ,jordan ,philip1 ,cashier ,first ,national ,bank1 ,hudson ,w4 ,robert ,bruce1 ,brick ,church ,institute1 ,rochester ,o4 ,n4 ,fisher1 #ccij ,park ,avenue1 ,new ,york ,city ,hayward ,greenland1 care of ,wilbur ,van ,dayer1 ,white ,memorial ,building1 ,syracuse ,a4 ,davis1 #abdj ,putnam ,avenue1 ,brooklyn ,r4 ,w4 ,tompkins1 ,brewster1 ,r4 #b ,ralph ,hammersley1 #hh ,helderberg ,avenue1 ,schenectady ,s4 ,klaussner1 ,ferndale1 ,sullivan ,county ,c4 ,c4 ,sanders1 #bjf ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city ,m4 ,r4 ,ford1 ,dundee ,f4 ,gilmore1 ,piffard ,mrs4 ,s4 ,t4 ,smith1 ,bath ,isaac ,conover1 ,randall ,e4 ,h4 ,kelly1 ,state ,road1 ,plattsburgh1 ,r4 #b ,morris ,m4 ,whitaker1 ,nyack ,fred ,blizzard1 ,westtown ,wm4 ,t4 ,laing1 #gaf ,flatiron ,building1 ,new ,york ,city ,frank ,hyde1 ,peekskill1 ,box #agg ,mrs4 ,j4 ,robert ,tice1 ,marlborough1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 ,miss ,lathrop1 care of ,alex ,d4 ,lathrop1 ,stockport ,e4 ,l4 ,overholser1 ,state ,college of ,agriculture1 ,ithaca ,trueman's ,farm1 ,lake ,katrine ,c4 ,h4 ,hechler1 ,harbor ,hill1 ,roslyn ,everett ,c4 ,foster1 ,sagaponack1 ,l4 ,i4 ,,new ,,mexico ,f4 ,v4 ,pattison1 ,clovis ,,north ,,carolina ,buffalo ,nursery ,co41 ,mc,cullers ,c4 ,w4 ,m4 ,hess1 ,manager ,audubon ,nursery1 ,wilmington ,c4 ,h4 ,gochnauer1 ,new ,bern1 ,r4 #b ,jesse ,m4 ,howard1 #dac ,no4 ,kerr ,street1 ,concord ,,ohio ,s4 ,prentiss ,baldwin1 ,leslie ,block1 ,water and ,decatur ,streets1 ,sandusky ,miss ,minnie ,lehrer1 #hab ,osborne ,street1 ,sandusky ,chas4 ,a4 ,clark1 ,ravenna1 ,r4 #b ,e4 ,l4 ,moseley1 #abe ,vine ,street1 ,sandusky ,geo4 ,t4 ,bishop1 #ajjj ,scofield ,building1 ,cleveland ,j4 ,w4 ,peters1 ,peters ,buggy ,co41 ,reynoldsburg ,mrs4 ,c4 ,c4 ,arms1 ,st4 ,clair ,road1 ,euclid ,d4 ,s4 ,burch1 ,assistant ,editor ,farm and ,fireside1 ,springfield ,william ,n4 ,neff1 ,martel1 ,box #ca ,h4 ,m4 ,farnsworth1 ,brooklyn ,bank ,building1 ,cleveland ,c4 ,m4 ,knight1 #abi ,south ,union ,street1 ,akron ,h4 ,a4 ,lockwood1 ,the ,lockwood-,owen ,farm ,co41 ,port ,clinton ,n4 ,g4 ,buxton1 ,johnstown ,mrs ,g4 ,w4 ,henderson1 ,cadiz1 ,r4 #f ,j4 ,w4 ,flaherty1 ,scio1 ,r4 #c ,a4 ,m4 ,preston1 ,vanatta1 ,r4 ,d4 ,box #abb ,g4 ,l4 ,hyslop1 ,deshler ,t4 ,a4 ,dilley1 ,duncan ,falls ,henry ,bannon1 ,portsmouth ,f4 ,h4 ,wickey1 ,greenwich1 ,r4 #a ,r4 ,p4 ,fowler1 ,jr41 ,coshocton1 ,r4 #d ,leroy ,v4 ,ewing1 ,cambridge1 ,r4 #e ,prof4 ,w4 ,j4 ,green1 ,horticulturist1 ,agricultural ,experiment ,station1 ,wooster ,wm4 ,schiller1 ,poland1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 ,e4 ,gill1 ,mechanicsburg ,w4 ,j4 ,miller1 #acd ,garvin ,avenue1 ,elyria ,w4 ,p4 ,deppen1 ,tiffin1 ,r4 #a1 ,box #bj ,,oregon ,w4 ,a4 ,orr1 ,milton ,,pennsylvania ,dr4 ,leedon-,sharp1 #djda ,catherine ,street1 ,philadelphia ,paul ,mease1 ,pleasant ,valley ,j4 ,a4 ,calderhead1 ,wilmerding ,r4 ,p4 ,wright1 ,reed ,mfg4 ,co41 ,erie ,john ,l4 ,hanna1 ,manager ,river ,ridge ,farm1 ,franklin ,elam ,g4 ,hess1 ,mannheim1 ,box #bcb ,chester ,rick1 ,girard ,college1 ,philadelphia ,sam4 ,p4 ,moyer1 ,meyerstown ,john ,dierwechter1 ,richland ,joseph ,t4 ,huss1 ,wellsville ,w4 ,f4 ,beers1 ,three ,springs ,editor ,medical ,council1 ,philadelphia ,s4 ,b4 ,detwiler1 ,chestnut ,blight ,commission ,laboratory1 ,university of ,pennsylvania1 ,philadelphia ,a4 ,y4 ,satterthwaite1 ,swarthmore ,donald ,hutcheson1 ,warriors ,mark ,,south ,,carolina ,t4 ,b4 ,ellis1 ,jr41 ,lyndhurst ,,texas ,o4 ,a4 ,triplett1 #bae ,no4 ,elm ,street1 ,fort ,worth ,,utah ,l4 ,m4 ,gillilan1 ,high ,school1 ,salt ,lake ,city ,j4 ,t4 ,harwood1 ,high ,school1 ,salt ,lake ,city ,mr4 ,calahan1 ,calahan's ,book ,store1 ,salt ,lake ,city ,miss ,maud ,harwood1 ,lehi ,joseph ,broadbent1 ,utah ,lake ,irrigation ,co41 ,lehi ,jesse ,knight1 ,provo ,carl ,isacson1 ,brigham ,city ,w4 ,o4 ,knudson1 ,brigham ,city ,william ,zollinger1 ,providence ,e4 ,d4 ,ball1 ,logan ,antone ,pherson1 ,logan ,a4 ,r4 ,hurst1 ,no4 ,logan ,sam ,judd1 ,st4 ,george ,john ,stuki1 ,santa ,clara ,nelson ,fenton1 ,pleasant ,grove ,richard ,brerton1 ,provo ,charles ,stay1 ,calders ,station1 ,salt ,lake ,mrs4 ,j4 ,t4 ,winn1 ,lehi ,dr4 ,t4 ,b4 ,beatty1 ,salt ,lake ,city ,j4 ,f4 ,knudson1 ,brigham ,city ,j4 ,fred ,odell1 ,woods ,cross ,joseph ,a4 ,smith1 ,providence ,,vermont ,mrs4 ,charles ,a4 ,lewis1 ,grafton ,arthur ,h4 ,hill1 ,isle ,la ,motte ,,virginia ,warren ,tomlinson1 ,farmville ,r4 ,g4 ,bickford1 ,lee ,hall ,farm1 ,newport ,news ,mrs4 ,w4 ,s4 ,mott1 ,dixondale ,r4 ,g4 ,bickford1 ,newport ,news ,james ,h4 ,denmead1 ,west ,point1 ,box #ej ,john ,j4 ,rhodes1 ,potomac ,view ,farm1 ,sterling ,r4 ,m4 ,fontaine1 ,richmond1 care of ,chesapeake and ,potomac ,telegraph ,co41 #gth and ,grace ,streets ,,washington ,j4 ,p4 ,douglass1 ,tonasket ,a4 ,h4 ,irish1 ,wapato ,robert ,w4 ,bryan1 ,alderdale ,,west ,,virginia ,martin ,crow1 ,dallas ,,wisconsin ,w4 ,s4 ,liston1 #dei ,van ,buren ,street1 ,milwaukee ,,wyoming ,w4 ,c4 ,deming1 ,editor ,wyoming ,stockman-,farmer1 ,cheyenne ,,authorities ,,and ,,special ,,correspondents ,for a list of authorities and special correspondents in all the states of the ,union1 and elsewhere1 see the report of this ,association for #aiac4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,some ,,recent ,,literature ,,on ,,nuts ,,and ,,nut ,,growing ,the ,agriculture of the ,future4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,harper's ,magazine1 ,january1 #aiac1 p4 #bgc4 ,the ,doctor's ,new ,job4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,country ,gentleman1 ,june #bh1 #aiac1 p4 #igj4 ,nut ,farming ,for ,tomorrow4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,country ,gentleman1 ,july #e1 #aiac1 p4 #ajae4 ,the ,pecan and the ,patient ,waiter4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,country ,gentleman1 ,december #bj1 #aiac4 ,pigs1 ,peas and ,pecans4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,ibid41 ,december #bg1 #aiac4 ,the ,real ,dry ,farmer4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,harper's ,monthly1 ,may1 #aiad4 ,tree ,crops as a ,control of ,erosion4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,science1 ,june #ab1 #aiad4 ,two ,story ,farming4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,century ,magazine1 ,july1 #aiad4 ,the ,agriculture of the ,garden of ,eden4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,atlantic ,monthly1 ,august1 #aiad4 ,vacations that ,counted4 ,j4 ,russell ,smith1 ,harper's ,weekly1 ,september #ab1 #aiad4 ,the ,life ,history and ,habits of the ,walnut ,weevil or ,curculio1 ,conotrachelus juglandis4 ,part ,,iii of the ,annual ,report of the ,connecticut ,agricultural ,experiment ,station1 ,new ,haven1 #aiab1 p4 #bdj4 ,the ,walnut ,bud-moth1 ,acrobasis caryae4 ,ibid41 p #bec4 ,japan ,walnuts1 ,juglans sieboldiana4 ,rural ,new-,yorker1 ,february #a1 #aiac4 ,h4 ,o4 ,mead on variation in type and crossing4 ,persian ,walnuts for ,indiana4 ,van ,deman1 ,rural ,new-,yorker1 ,february #bb1 #aiac1 p4 #bbe4 ,dropping ,walnuts4 ,ibid41 p4 #bei4 ,chestnut ,bark ,disease4 ,part ,v of the ,annual ,report of the ,connecticut ,agricultural ,experiment ,station1 ,new ,haven1 #aiab4 ,very full account1 #ajj pages1 plates1 charts and bibliography4 ,the ,chestnut ,bark ,disease4 ,ibid41 bul4 #agh1 ,september1 #aiac4 ,so-called ,chestnut ,blight ,poisoning4 ,ibid4 ,part ,i of the ,annual ,report for #aiad4 #ab pages and plate4 ,supposed ,poisonous ,properties of ,chestnuts ,grown on ,trees ,affected with ,chestnut ,blight4 ,c4 ,dwight ,march4 ,journal of the ,american ,medical ,association1 ,july #d1 #aiad1 p4 #cj4 ,studies in ,juglans1 #a4 ,study of a ,form of ,juglans ,californica1 ,watson4 ,by ,ernest ,b4 ,babcock4 ,university of ,california ,publications in ,agricultural ,sciences ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #a1 pp4 #a-df1 pls4 #a-ab4 ,december #d1 #aiac4 ,studies in ,juglans1 ,,ii4 ,further ,observations on a ,new ,variety of ,juglans ,californica1 ,watson1 and on ,certain ,supposed ,walnut-,oak ,hybrids4 ,by ,ernest ,r4 ,babcock4 ,ibid4 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #b1 pp4 #dg-gj1 pls4 #ac-ai4 ,oct4 #ca1 #aiad4 ,production of the ,walnut in the ,northwest4 ,ferd ,groner4 ,fifth ,annual ,report1 ,oregon ,state ,horticultural ,society1 ,december1 #aiac4 p4 #aei4 ,top-,working ,seedling ,pecan ,trees4 ,w4 ,n4 ,hutt4 ,bul4 #bbd1 ,north ,carolina ,agricultural ,experiment ,station1 ,raleigh1 ,january1 #aiad4 ,excellent description and illustrations4 ,birds as ,carriers of the ,chestnut ,blight ,fungus4 ,journal of ,agricultural ,research1 ,september1 #aiad1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #f1 ,department of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,account of experiments1 with plates and bibliography4 ,pecan ,rosette4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,orton and ,frederick ,v4 ,rand4 ,reprint from ,journal of ,agricultural ,research1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 ,no4 #b4 ,department of ,agriculture1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 ,november #af1 #aiad4 ,the ,possibilities of ,nut ,culture in ,new ,england4 ,by ,dr4 ,william ,c4 ,deming4 ,reprinted from the ,transactions of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society1 #aiad1 ,part #a4 ,boston1 ,august1 #aiad4 ,nut ,culture4 ,by ,william ,c4 ,deming4 ,circular ,no4 #bf1 ,massachusetts ,state ,board of ,agriculture4 ,june1 #aiad4 ,nut ,growing and the ,propagation of ,nut ,trees4 ,by ,william ,c4 ,deming4 ,to be printed in the ,annual ,report of the ,new ,jersey ,state ,horticultural ,society1 #aiad4 ,grafting the ,hickory4 ,by ,william ,c4 ,deming4 ,rural ,new-,yorker1 ,december #ab1 #aiad4 ,note on a simple method for grafting the hickory by the slip bark method4 ,nuts for the ,north4 ,h4 ,e4 ,van ,deman4 ,green's ,fruit ,grower1 ,december1 #aiad1 p4 #g4 ,cracking the ,walnut ,blight4 ,walter ,v4 ,woehlke4 ,the ,country ,gentleman1 ,november #bh1 #aiad1 p4 #aiaj4 ,illustrations of top-working the walnut in ,california4 ,american ,nut ,journal4 ,published monthly at ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 by ,ralph ,t4 ,olcott1 ,editor of ,american ,fruits4 #a4be a year1 or #b4ej with yearly membership in this ,association4 ,first number issued ,june1 #aiad1 ,ellwanger ,barry ,building4 ,proceedings of the ,thirteenth ,annual ,convention of the ,national ,nut ,growers ,association1 ,thomasville1 ,georgia1 ,october1 #aiad4 ,j4 ,b4 ,wight1 ,secretary1 ,cairo1 ,georgia4 ,,present ,,at ,,the ,,fifth ,,annual ,,meeting ,,of ,,the ,,northern ,,nut ,,growers ,,association ,w4 ,c4 ,reed ,m4 ,t4 ,reed ,c4 ,a4 ,reed ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,j4 ,russell ,smith ,col4 ,c4 ,k4 ,sober ,w4 ,o4 ,potter ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl ,j4 ,l4 ,doan ,h4 ,r4 ,weber ,c4 ,p4 ,close ,r4 ,l4 ,mc,coy ,j4 ,f4 ,wilkinson ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage ,r4 ,t4 ,olcott ,w4 ,c4 ,deming ,h4 ,d4 ,simpson ,ray ,c4 ,simpson ,dr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,knapp ,l4 ,w4 ,kiefer ,col4 ,c4 ,a4 ,van ,duzee ,john ,s4 ,parish ,miss ,ellen ,littlepage ,mrs4 ,h4 ,s4 ,kramer ,dr4 ,worsham ,mr4 ,c4 ,d4 ,evans ,paul ,white ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,pomeroy ,mrs4 ,pomeroy ,harry ,gieseke1 ,patoka1 ,ind41 ,r4 #bb ,d4 ,c4 ,hargis1 ,hebbardsville1 ,ky4 ,c4 ,a4 ,weilbrenner1 ,mt4 ,vernon1 ,ind4 ,c4 ,e4 ,browne1 ,glen ,st4 ,mary1 ,fla4 ,j4 ,w4 ,gleichman1 ,evansville ,h4 ,m4 ,thurber1 ,rockport ,a4 ,l4 ,moseley ,w4 ,e4 ,mc,elderry1 ,princeton1 ,ind4 ,john ,f4 ,woods1 ,owensville1 ,ind4 ,dr4 ,f4 ,l4 ,davis1 #bji ,dover ,st41 ,evansville ,a4 ,m4 ,williams1 ,evansville ,press ,l4 ,p4 ,doarr1 ,howell1 ,ind41 ,r4 #i ,clarence ,a4 ,cook1 ,indianapolis ,robert ,j4 ,tracewell1 ,evansville1 and son ,thomas ,l4 ,kerth1 #iaj ,third ,ave41 ,evansville ,w4 ,a4 ,graham1 ,enterprise ,carl ,j4 ,poll ,c4 ,f4 ,kale ,c4 ,f4 ,kleiderer1 ,henderson1 ,ky4 ,j4 ,c4 ,haines1 ,lake ,c4 ,h4 ,baldwin1 ,state ,entomologist ,leo ,h4 ,fisher1 ,huntingburg1 ,ind4 ,prof ,c4 ,w4 ,matthews ,prof4 ,carmody ,mrs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,wilkinson ,mrs4 ,amy ,norris ,miss ,lottie ,lee ,mattingly ,anthony ,dodds1 ,enterprise ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,j4 ,c4 ,dodds ,mrs4 ,ed4 ,j4 ,fehn ,miss ,ollie ,dilday ,mrs4 ,fred ,elmendorf ,miss ,halma ,may ,dodds ,miss ,laura ,hostetter ,e4 ,e4 ,lockwood1 ,poseyville1 ,ind4 ,mason ,j4 ,niblack ,w4 ,a4 ,taylor1 ,oaktown ,hugh ,c4 ,schmidt1 ,evansville ,j4 ,w4 ,strassell1 ,rockport1 ,ind4 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,strassell1 ,rockport1 ,ind4 ,miss ,helen ,gentry1 ,rockport1 ,ind4 ,chas4 ,f4 ,hartmetz1 ,evansville1 ,ind4 ,reporters ,,annual ,,meeting ,,in #aiae ,the following letter was sent to our members and some of our correspondents living in or near ,rochester4 ,the secretary would be pleased if every person who opens this volume at this page would read this letter and1 having read1 would make a note of it for action4 ,,georgetown1 ,,conn41 ,september #aj1 #aiad4 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 is quite likely to be selected as the place for the next meeting of the ,northern ,nut ,growers ,association1 and the ,persian 7,english7 walnut as the subject for especial consideration4 ,there are many ,persian walnut trees in ,rochester and vicinity4 ,will you not bear in mind that we shall probably meet there and help to make the meeting a success8 ,one way in which this can be done is to look up now any walnut trees1 or other superior nut trees1 observe their bearing and get their records and samples of the nuts1 with photographs if desirable4 ,another way to help is to talk about the association and this meeting to others and get them interested in the association and in reporting nuts4 ,any assistance in making arrangements1 or in providing attractions for the meeting will be most welcome4 ,i append a list of members and correspondents in and about ,rochester4 ,mr4 ,olcott1 the editor of the ,american ,nut ,journal1 will undoubtedly act as a central bureau for information and report4 ,let us make this coming meeting go far toward settling some of the undecided points about the ,persian walnut in the ,east4 ,yours truly1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,deming4 ,secretary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,plant ,my ,hardy ,pennsylvania ,grown ,budded and ,grafted ,english ,walnut and ,pecan ,trees if you want to start right ,you can't afford to experiment with trees of doubtful hardiness1 neither do you want inferior varieties ,my #aiae attractive ,catalogue and ,cultural ,guide is yours for the asking ,address ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones1 ,the ,nut ,tree ,specialist ,,lancaster 444 ,,pennsylvania 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chester ,,valley ,,nurseries ,,established #ahec ,choice ,fruit and ,ornamental ,trees1 ,cherry ,trees on ,mazzard ,roots1 ,hardy ,evergreens1 ,flowering ,shrubs1 ,hedge ,plants1 etc4 ,originators of the ,,thomas ,,black ,,walnut ,,jos4 ,w4 ,,thomas ,,sons1 ,king of ,prussia ,p4 ,o41 ,montgomery ,co41 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j4 ,g4 ,,rush ,propagator of ,the ,persian ,walnut ,by ,grafting and ,budding on ,black ,walnut ,stock such ,varieties as the ,,nebo1 ,,hall1 ,,holden1 ,,lancaster1 ,,franquette1 ,,mayette1 ,,cut ,,leaf1 ,etc4 ,originator of ,,rush ,,persian ,,walnut ,,west ,,willow1 ,,pa4 7,lancaster ,county7 99 99 99 99 99 ,vincennes ,nurseries ,,propagators ,,of ,the ,pecan ,the ,persian ,walnut ,the ,hickory ,the ,chestnut ,the ,almond ,the ,hazelnut ,,send ,,for ,,our ,,special ,,nut ,,catalogue ,also offer a general line of ,nursery ,stock ,w4 ,c4 ,,reed1 ,proprietor ,,vincennes ,,indiana 99 99 99 99 99 ,plant ,fruit ,trees to ,make ,money to carry your nut crops through4 ,but your trees to be profitable must be right4 ,i grow all my trees on first-class roots1 cut all my buds from first class bearing trees4 ,i know they are true to name and the best you can buy4 ,apples1 ,pears1 ,plums1 ,cherries on ,mazzard roots4 ,get ,fraser's ,tree ,book ,free4 ,,samuel ,,fraser #aj ,main ,st41 ,geneseo1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,plant ,,trees ,,in ,,soil ,,blasted ,,with ,,du ,,pont ,red ,cross ,farm ,powder ,blasting makes a wider1 better feeding area for growing roots1 permits greater water storage1 forwards growth of trees and brings them into bearing earlier than trees set in spade-dug holes4 ,write for ,,free ,,booklet about how to blast tree holes with ,red ,cross ,farm ,powder4 ,,du ,,pont ,,powder ,,co4 ,,wilmington1 ,,del4