,,critical ,,miscellanies ,,by ,,john ,,morley ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,essay #d3 ,joseph de ,mai/re ,london ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,limit$ ,new ,york3 ,! ,mac,millan ,company #aije ,,joseph ,,de ,,mai/re4 ,,page ,! ,ca?olic reaction 9 ,france at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury #beg ,de ,mai/re ! be/ type ( ! movem5t #bfb ,bir?1 in/ruction1 & e>ly life #bfc ,invasion ( ,savoy1 & ,de ,mai/re's flight #bfh ,at ,lausanne1 ,v5ice1 & ,cagli>i #bgj ,s5t 9 #ahjb z m9i/] to ,/4 ,pet]sburg #bge ,h>d%ips ( 8 life !re f #ahjb to #ahag #bgf ,circum/ances ( 8 return home1 & 8 dea? #bhe ,de ,mai/re's view ( ! eighte5? c5tury #bhg ,& ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution #bia ,! great problem =c$ ^u ! ,ca?olics by x #bic ,de ,mai/re's way ( deal+ ) ! "q ( ! div9e me?od ( gov]nm5t #bic ,nature ( div9e responsibility = evil #bid ,on ,physical ,sci5ce #bih ,significance ( su* ideas 9 a m9d l ,de ,mai/re's #bii ,two !ories t5able by social ?9k]s aft] ! ,revolution #cjc ,de ,mai/re's appreciation ( ! b5efic5t "w ( ! ,papacy 9 ! pa/ #cjg ,insi/s on ! revival ( ! papal p[] z ! ess5tial condition ( a re/or$ ,european ord] #cac ,views ,*ri/ianity f ! /atesman's po9t ( view #cad ,8 consequ5t hatr$ ( ! purely speculative temp] ( ! ,greeks #caf ,8 object 0 social or political #cah ,h5ce 8 gr\nds = def5d+ ! doctr9e ( ,infallibility #cai ,! analogy :i* lay at ! bottom ( 8 ,ultramontane doctr9e #cbj ,8 ho/ility to ! au?ority ( ,g5]al ,c\ncils #cbc ,8 view ( ! obligation ( ! canons on ! ,pope #cbe ,8 appeal to ,european /atesm5 #cbf ,comte & ,de ,mai/re #cbi ,8 /rictures on ,prote/antism #cca ,futility ( 8 aspirations #cce ,,joseph ,,de ,,mai/re4 ,ow+ to causes :i* lie tol]ably ne> ! surface1 ! rem>kable ,ca?olic reaction :i* took place 9 ,france at ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 has nev] receiv$ 9 ,engl& ! att5tion t x des]ves2 n only = its /rik+ int]e/ z an episode 9 ! hi/ory ( ,european ?\ght1 b also = its peculi>ly =cible & complete pres5tation ( ^? ideas ) :i* :at is call$ ! mod]n _s is suppos$ to be engag$ 9 deadly w>4 ,= "o ?+1 ! ,prote/antism ( ,engl& /rips a g5u9ely ,ca?olic movem5t ( speculation ( t press+ & practical importance :i* belongs to x 9 c\ntries :]e ne>ly all spiritual s5tim5t1 t has receiv$ any impression ( religion at all1 unavoidably runs 9 ,ca?olic =ms4 ,) u ! !ological reaction aga9/ ! ideas ( ! eighte5? 0 n & c\ld n be o!r ?an ,prote/ant4 ,! def5ce & re9/atem5t ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ea* case 0 conduct$1 z might h be5 expect$1 ) ref]5ce to ! dom9ant cre$ & sy/em ( ! c\ntry4 ,if ,col]idge _h be5 a ,ca?olic1 8 works ?us newly col\r$ by an ali5 cre$ w\ld h be5 read by a small sect only1 in/ead ( ex]cis+ z !y did a wide influ5ce ov] ! :ole nation1 rea*+ p ?r\gh ^? usual conduits ( press & pulpit1 by :i* ! products ( philosophic ?\ght are convey$ to unphilosophic m9ds4 ,z naturally 9 ,france1 ho/ility to all ^? influ5ces :i* 7 believ$ to h br\ght ab\t ! ,revolution1 to s5sationalism 9 metaphysics1 to a!ism 9 :at %\ld h be5 !ology1 to ! notion ( sov]eignty ( peoples 9 politics1 inevitably s\ght a rally+-po9t 9 a r5ew$ allegiance to t prodigi\s spiritual sy/em :i* _h fo/]$ ! g]ms ( ord] & social feel+ 9 ,europe1 & ^: "n rema9s ev5 n[ 9 ! days ( its ru91 z ! mo/ p]man5t symbol & exempl> ( /able organisation4 ,ano!r reason = ,engli% indiff]5ce to ?is movem5t is ! rapidity ) :i* "h1 z else:]e1 du/ ga!rs ?ickly r\nd ! memory ( ! *ampions ( lo/ causes4 ,"s ( ! mo/ excell5t ( human *>act]i/ics--int5sity ( belief1 = example1 & a f]vid anxiety to realise aspirations--unite ) "s ( ! lea/ excell5t ( !m1 to make u too habitually =get t1 z ,mill has said1 ! be/ adh]5ts ( a fall5 /&>d 9 philosophy1 9 religion1 9 politics1 are usually next 9 all good qualities ( und]/&+ & s5tim5t to ! be/ ( ^? :o lead ! van ( ! =ce t triumphs4 ,m5 are n s anxi\s z !y %\ld be1 consid]+ ! inf9ite div]sity ( ef=t t goes to ! advancem5t ( mank9d1 to pick up ! fragm5ts ( tru? & positive contribution1 t s no?+ be lo/1 & z a consequ5ce ! writ+s ( antagoni/s ) :om we are believ$ to h no?+ 9 common1 lie unexam9$ & disreg>d$4 ,9 ! case ( ! gr\p ( writ]s :o1 aft] a c5tury ( criticism1 v5tur$ once m ) an intrepid confid5ce--diff]+ fundam5tally f ! tone ( prec$+ apologi/s 9 ! ,prote/ant camp1 :o 7 ne>ly z critical z ! m5 !y refut$--to v9dicate n ! b>e outl9es ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 b ! entire s*eme1 9 its extreme manife/ation1 ( ! mo/ anci5t & sev]ely malign$ ( all ,*ri/ian organisations1 ?is apa?y is v mu* to be regrett$ on sev]al gr\nds4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is impossible to see intellig5tly to ! bottom ( ! mom5t\s _s ( ultramontanism1 :i* is s deep a difficulty ( cont95tal ,europe1 & :i*1 t\*+ u 9 ,irel&1 is p]haps already "o ( our own deepe/ difficulties1 )\t compreh5d+ 9 its be/ %ape ! !ory on :i* ultramontanism re/s4 ,& ?is !ory x is impossible to seize ?or\ghly1 )\t "s k ( ! ideas ( its mo/ effici5t def5d]s 9 its e>li] ye>s4 ,secondly1 x is among ^! ideas t we h to look = ! repres5tation 9 _! mo/ direct1 logical1 uncompromis+1 & unmi/akable =m ( ^? !ological ways ( reg>d+ life & prescrib+ "r conduct1 ^: m or less rapidly accel]at$ de/ruction is ! fir/ condition ( ! fur!r elevation ( humanity1 z well 9 p[] ( und]/&+ z 9 morals & spirituality4 ,9 all conte/s ( ?is k9d !re is ! greate/ & mo/ obvi\s advantage 9 be+ able to see y\r enemy full aga9/ ! light4 ,?irdly1 9 "o or two respects1 ! ,ca?olic reaction>ies at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury insi/$ v /rongly on pr9ciples ( society :i* ! g5]al ?\ght ( ! c5tury be=e _h almo/ entirely dropp$ out ( sight1 & :i* we :o1 9 spite ( _m diff]5ces1 /ill sail d[n ! same great curr5t1 & are propell$ by ! same great tide1 are accu/om$ almo/ equally ei!r to leave 9 ! backgr\nd ( speculation1 or else delib]ately to d5y & suppress4 ,su* we may acc\nt ! importance :i* !y atta* to organisation1 & ! value !y set ^u a common spiritual fai? & doctr9e z a social basis4 ,t ! =m :i* ! recognition ( ^! pr9ciples is de/9$ to assume w at all correspond to _! hopes & anticipations1 is "o ( ! mo/ unlikely ?+s possible4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ne$ n detract f ! wor? = our purpose ( _! exposition ( ! pr9ciples !mselves4 ,aga91 ! visible traces ( ! impression made by ! writ+s ( ?is s*ool on ! influ5tial f\nd] ( ! e>lie/ ,positivi/ sy/em1 are suffici5tly deep & important to make "s k ( !m ( ! highe/ hi/orical int]e/1 bo? to ^? :o accept & ^? :o dete/ t sy/em4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 !re 7 ?ree *ief s*ools ( ?\ght1 ! ,s5sational1 ! ,ca?olic1 & ! ,eclectic2 or z x may be put 9 o!r t]ms1 ! ,mat]iali/1 ! ,!ological1 & ! ,spirituali/4 ,! fir/ look$ = ! s\rces ( k1 ! sanction ( morals1 ! inspir+ f\nta9 & /&>d ( /hetics1 to ! outside ( m51 to matt]1 & ! impressions made by matt] on ! corporeal s5ses4 ,! second look$ to div9e revelation1 au?ority & ! traditions ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ?ird1 /e]+ a middle c\rse1 look$ p>tly )9 & p>tly )\t1 reli$ p>tly on ! s5ses1 p>tly on revelation & hi/ory1 b /ill m on a c]ta9 int]nal consci\sness ( a direct & imm$iate k9d1 :i* is ! supreme & reconcil+ judge ( ! reports alike ( ! s5ses1 ( hi/ory1 ( div9e revelation4#a ,ea* ( ^! s*ools _h _m expon5ts4 ,! ?ree mo/ conspicu\s *ampions ( reviv$ ,ca?olicism 7 ,de ,mai/re1 ,de ,bonald1 & ,*ateaubri&4 ,! la/ ( !m1 ! au?or ( ! ,gnie du ,*ri/ianisme1 0 effective 9 ,france because he is s deeply s5tim5tal1 b he 0 too little tra9$ 9 speculation1 & too little equipp$ ) k1 to be fairly tak5 z ! be/ intellectual repres5tative ( _! way ( ?9k+4 ,de ,bonald 0 ( mu* heavi] calibre4 ,he really ?\ght1 :ile ,*ateaubri& only felt1 & ! ,lgislation ,primitive & ! ,p5ses sur ,div]s ,sujets conta9 mu* t an enemy ( ! s*ool w f9d x wor? :ile to read1 9 spite ( an artificial1 &1 if a =eign] may judge1 a dete/able /yle4 ,de ,mai/re 0 ! greate/ ( ! ?ree1 & des]ves bett] ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs to /& z ! type ( ! s*ool = _m reasons4 ,8 /yle is s m>vell\sly lucid1 t1 not)/&+ ! my/ical1 or1 z he said1 ! illum9i/ side ( 8 m9d1 we c nev] be 9 mu* d\bt ab\t 8 mean+1 :i* is n by any means ! case ) ,bonald4 ,to say no?+ ( 8 imm5sely sup]ior natural capacity1 ,de ,mai/re's ext5sive read+ 9 ! lit]ature ( 8 foes 0 a s\rce ( /r5g?1 :i* might inde$ h be5 ?\ght indisp5sable1 if only o!r p]sons _h n attack$ ! same p z he did1 )\t kn[+ mu* or any?+ at all at fir/-h& ab\t !m4 ,!n he goes ov] ! :ole field ( alli$ subjects1 :i* we h a "r to expect to h h&l$ by anybody ) a sy/ematic view ( ! orig9 ( k1 ! mean+ ( e?ics1 ! elem5ts ( social ord] & progressiv5ess1 ! gov]nm5t & s*eme ( ! univ]se4 ,& above all1 8 writ+s are p5etrat$ ) ! air ( reality & life1 :i* comes ( actual p>ticipation 9 ! affairs ( t _w ) :i* social philosoph]s h to deal4 ,lam5nais _h 9 _m respects a f9] m9d ?an ,de ,mai/re1 b ! conclusions 9 :i* he 0 f9ally l&$1 no less ?an 8 lib]al aims1 prev5t him f be+ an example ( ! truly ,ca?olic reaction4 ,he obvi\sly repres5t$ ! ,revolution1 or ! critical _s1 )9 ! ,ca?olic limits1 :ile ,de ,mai/re's rul+ idea 01 9 8 own tr5*ant phrase1 'absolum5t tu] l'esprit du dix-huitime sicle4' ,on all ^! acc\nts he appe>s to be ! fitte/ expositor ( ^? conceptions :i* ! an>*y t clos$ ! eighte5? c5tury provok$ into sy/ematic exi/5ce4 ,,footnote3 #a ,see ,damiron's ,la ,philosophie en ,france au ,x,i,xime ,sicle4 ,introduction to ,vol4 ,i4 7,fif? edition47 ,i4 ,joseph de ,mai/re 0 born at ,*ambry 9 ! ye> #aged4b ,8 family 0 ! y\ng] bran* ( a /ock 9 ,langu$oc1 :i* ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury divid$ itself into two1 "o rema9+ 9 ,france1 ! o!r e/abli%+ itself 9 ,pi$mont4 ,x is n wond]ful t ! desc5dants ( ! latt]1 settl$ 9 a c\ntry ( small ext5t & little political importance1 plac$ a high value on _! k9%ip ) an anci5t l9e 9 ! p[]ful k+dom ( ,france4 ,joseph de ,mai/re himself 0 always p>ticul>ly anxi\s to cultivate close relations ) 8 ,fr5* k9sfolk1 p>tly f ! old ari/ocratic feel+ ( blood1 & p>tly f 8 intellectual appreciation ( ! gifts ( ! ,fr5* m9d1 & its va/ influ5ce z an univ]sal propagat+ p[]4 ,8 fa!r held a high (fice 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,savoy1 & enjoy$ s em95t a reputation t on 8 dea? bo? ! ,s5ate & ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia delib]ately record$ _! appreciation ( 8 loss z a public calamity4 ,8 "m is said to h be5 a woman ( l(ty & dev\t "*1 & h] influ5ce ov] h] elde/ son 0 exceptionally /rong & t5d]4 ,he us$ to decl>e 9 aft] life t he 0 z docile 9 h] h&s z ! y\nge/ ( 8 si/]s4 ,among o!r m>ks ( 8 affectionate submission to p>5tal au?ority1 we are told t dur+ ! :ole "t ( 8 resid5ce at ,tur91 :]e he foll[$ a c\rse ( law1 he nev] read a s+le book )\t previ\sly writ+ to ,*ambry to "o or o!r ( 8 p>5ts = _! sanction4 ,su* traditions l+] 9 families1 & :5 he came to h *ildr5 ( 8 own1 !y too read no?+ ( :i* _! fa!r _h n be5 ask$ to express 8 approbation4 ,de ,mai/re's e>ly education 0 direct$ by ! ,jesuits2 & z might h be5 expect$ f ! g5]\s susceptibility ( 8 temp]1 he nev] ceas$ to ?9k ( !m ) w>m e/eem4 ,to ! end ( 8 life he rememb]$ ! gloom :i* fell ^u ! h\sehold1 ?\gh he 0 n n9e ye>s old at ! "t1 :5 ! news arriv$ ( ! edict ( #agfd1 aboli%+ ! ,society 9 ! k+dom ( ,france4 ,"o elem5t ( 8 education he commemorates 9 a lett] to 8 fav\rite daught]4 ',let y\r bro!r1' he says1 '"w h>d at ! ,fr5* poets4 ,let him le>n !m by he>t1 especially ! incomp>able ,rac9e2 nev] m9d :e!r he und]/&s him yet or n4 ,i didn't und]/& him :5 my "m us$ to come repeat+ 8 v]ses by my b$side1 & lull$ me to sleep ) h] f9e voice to ! s\nd ( t inimitable music4 ,i knew hundr$s ( l9es long be=e ,i knew h[ to read2 & x is ?us t my e>s1 accu/om$ betimes to ?is ambrosia1 h nev] s9ce be5 able to endure any s\r] draught4' ,aft] 8 law /udies at ! ,univ]sity ( ,tur91 !n highly r5[n$ = its jurisconsults1 ! "y ,de ,mai/re w5t ?r\gh ! successive /ages ( an (ficial c>e]1 p]=m+ v>i\s duties 9 ! public adm9i/ration1 & possess+ among o!r hon\rs a seat 9 ! ,s5ate1 ov] :i* 8 fa!r presid$4 ,he l$ a tranquil life at ,*ambry1 !n z at all o!r times an ard5t read] & /ud5t4 ,unaid$ he taught himself five languages4 ,engli% he ma/]$ s p]fectly1 t ?\gh he c\ld n foll[ x :5 spok51 he c\ld read a book 9 t tongue ) z mu* ease z if x _h be5 9 8 own4 ,to ,greek & ,g]man he did n apply himself until aft]w>ds1 & he nev] acquir$ ! same pr(ici5cy 9 !m z 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,lat91 & ,spani%4 ,to be ignorant ( ,g]man !n1 x w be rememb]$1 0 n :at x w\ld be n[1 to be )\t "o ( ! lit]>y s5ses4 ,l ne>ly e o!r great soldi] ( reaction1 he %[$ 9 8 e>ly life a decid$ incl9ation = new ideas4 ,! tru? t ! wilde/ extravagances ( y\?ful aspiration are a bett] om5 ( a vigor\s & enlight5$ manhood ?an ! decor\s & ignoble fai? 9 ! p]fection ( exi/+ arrangem5ts1 0 n beli$ 9 ! case ( ,de ,mai/re4 ,8 intellig5ce 0 ( too h>d & exact a k9d to inspire him ) ! exalt$ s*emes t pres5t !mselves to ^? m nobly imag9ative m9ds :o dream dreams & see visions4 ,he project$ no ,savoy>d emigration to ! banks ( ! ,susquehanna or ,delaw>e1 to f\nd mill5nial societies & pantisocratic unions4 ,^! g5]\s madnesses belong to m5 ( m poetic temp]4 ,b /ill1 9 spite ( ! dead5+ influ5ces ( (ficialism & relations ) a c\rt1 ,de ,mai/re _h f> too vigor\s & active a "* to subside )\t resi/ance into ! unfruitful ways ( ob/ruction & social complac5cy4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ c]ta9 m>ks1 we may be sure1 ( a sup]ior _s1 t ! impulses e>lie/ awak5$ by its fir/ fre% contact ) ! facts ( ! out] _w are ^? :i* quick5 a desire = ! improvem5t ( ! condition ( society1 ! increase ( ! happ9ess ( m51 ! amelioration ( human de/9y4 ,) ?is unwritt5 condition ( human nature ,de ,mai/re1 l o!r m5 ( 8 m5tal calibre1 is f\nd to h compli$4 ,he incurr$ ! suspicion & ill-w ( mo/ ( ^? by :om he 0 imm$iately surr\nd$1 by belong+ to a ,re=m ,lodge at ,*ambry4 ,! association 0 "o ( a p]fectly h>mless "*1 b be+ an association1 x diffus$ a t>ni%+ vap\r ( social disaffection & insurg5cy ov] ! names ( all :o v5tur$ to belong to x1 & ,de ,mai/re 0 po9t$ out to ! ,s>d9ian c\rt z a man ) lean+s t[>ds new ?+s1 & !re=e "o ( :om x 7 well to bew>e4 ,!re 0 little gr\nd = appreh5sion4 ,9 v small c\ntries !re is seldom room en\gh = ! gr[? ( a _s ( social revolution2 n at lea/ until "s great & dom9ant c\ntry has releas$ ! =ces ( de/ruction4 ,s1 :5 ! m5ac+ s\nds ( ! approa*+ hurricane 9 ,france grew heavy 9 ! air1 ! little lodge at ,*ambry volunt>ily dissolv$ itself1 & ,de ,mai/re 0 deput$ to convey to ! k+1 ,victor ,amadeo ,,iii41 ! hon\rable assurance ( its memb]s t !y _h assembl$ = ! la/ "t4 ,9 #aghf1 at ! age ( ?irty-two1 ,de ,mai/re _h m>ri$1 & :5 ! /orm bur/ :i* de/roy$ all ! hopes ( 8 life1 he 0 ! fa!r ( two *ildr54 ,9 "o ( 8 gay lett]s to a v5]able lady :o 0 on intimate t]ms ) !m bo?1 he has left a picture ( 8 wife1 :i* is n any less int]e/+ = :at x reveals ( 8 own "*4 ',! contra/ betwe5 u two is ! v /range/ 9 ! _w4 ,= me1 z y may h f\nd out1 ,i am ! pococurante s5ator1 & above all ?+s v free 9 say+ :at ,i ?9k4 ,%e1 on ! contr>y1 w take c>e t x is noon be=e all[+ t ! sun has ris51 = fe> ( committ+ h]self4 ,%e kn[s :at mu/ be done or :at mu/ n be done on ! t5? ( ,octob] #ahjh1 at t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+1 to avoid "s inconv5i5ce :i* o!rwise w\ld come to pass at midnight betwe5 ! fifte5? & sixte5? ( ,m>* #ahaj4 ,b1 my de> husb&1 y pay att5tion to no?+2 y believe t nobody is ?9k+ ( any h>m4 ,n[ ,i "k1 ,i h be5 told1 ,i h guess$1 ,i =esee1 ,i w>n y1 etc4 ,come n[1 my de>1 leave me alone4 ,y are only wa/+ y\r "t3 ,i =esee t ,i %all nev] =esee ?+s3 t's y\r bus9ess4 ,%e is ! supplem5t to me1 & h5ce :5 ,i am sep>at$ f h]1 z ,i am n[1 ,i suff] absurdly f be+ oblig$ to ?9k ab\t my own affairs2 ,i w\ld r h to *op wood all day4444 ,my *ildr5 ought to kiss h] v /eps2 = my "p1 ,i h no gift = education4 ,%e has su* a gift1 t ,i look ^u x z no?+ less ?an ! eigh? end[m5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 ,i mean a c]ta9 fond p]secution by :i* x is giv5 h] to torm5t h] *ildr5 f morn+ to night to d some?+1 n to d some?+1 to le>n--& yet )\t = a mom5t los+ _! t5d] affection = h]4 ,h[ c %e manage x8 ,i _c make x out4' ,%e 0 laugh+ly call$ by himself & h] fri5ds1 ,madame ,prud5ce4 ,x is c]ta9 t few wom5 h f\nd m necessity = ! qualities impli$ 9 ?is cr$itable nickname4 ,!y _h n be5 m>ri$ _m ye>s be=e !y 7 ov]tak5 by irrep>able disa/]4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution broke out1 & ,savoy 0 invad$ by ! troops ( ! new ,republic4 ,c\nt ,de ,mai/re1 ) 8 wife & *ildr51 fl$ f ,*ambry across ! ,alps to ,ao/a4 ',ma *re amie1' he said to 8 wife1 by ! side ( a great rock :i* he nev] aft]w>ds =got1 '! /ep t we are tak+ to-day is irrevocable2 x decides our lot = life2' & ! pres5tim5t 0 true4 ,soon ! ,loi des ,allobroges 0 promulgat$1 :i* enjo9$ ^u all :o _h left _! homes 9 ,savoy to return in/antly1 "u pa9 ( confiscation ( all _! prop]ty4 ,x 0 ! v dep? ( w9t]4 ,madame de ,mai/re 0 9 ! n9? mon? ( h] pregnancy4 ,%e knew t h] husb& w\ld endure any?+ r ?an expose h] to ! risks ( a j\rney 9 su* a season4 ,s1 urg$ by a desire to save some?+ f ! wreck ( _! =tune by compliance ) ! ,fr5* decree1 %e seiz$ ! opportunity ( h] husb&'s abs5ce at ,tur91 & />t$ = ,savoy )\t acqua9t+ him ) h] design4 ,%e cross$ ! ,great ,/4 ,b]n>d 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,janu>y on ! back ( a mule1 accompani$ by h] two little *ildr5 wrapp$ 9 blankets4 ,! ,c\nt1 on 8 return to ,ao/a two or ?ree days aft]w>ds1 =?) set (f 9 h] /eps1 9 ! trembl+ expectation ( f9d+ h] dead or dy+ 9 "s ,alp9e hovel4 ,b ! fav\r ( fate & a /\t he>t br\ght h] safe to ,*ambry1 :]e %ortly aft]w>ds %e 0 jo9$ by h] husb&4 ,! au?orities va9ly t5d]$ him ! oa?1 va9ly bade him inscribe 8 "n on ! regi/] ( citiz5s2 & :5 !y ask$ him = a contribution to support ! w>1 he repli$ curtly t he did n give money to kill 8 bro!rs 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia4 ,z soon z 8 wife 0 deliv]$ ( _! ?ird *ild1 :om he 0 de/9$ n to see aga9 = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s1 he quitt$ h] side1 ab&on$ 8 prop]ty & 8 c\ntry1 & took refuge at ,lausanne1 :]e 9 "t 8 wife & 8 two elde/ *ildr5 once m came to him4 ,gibbon tells u h[ a sw>m ( emigrants1 escap+ f ! public ru91 0 attract$ by ! vic9ity1 ! mann]s1 & ! language ( ,lausanne4 ',!y are entitl$ to our pity1' he reflect$1 '& !y may claim our e/eem1 b !y _c 9 _! pres5t /ate ( m9d & =tune contribute mu* to our amusem5t4 ,in/ead ( look+ d[n z calm & idle spectators on ! !atre ( ,europe1 our dome/ic h>mony is some:at embitt]$ by ! infusion ( p>ty _s4' ,gibbon di$ 9 ,london almo/ at ! v mom5t t ,de ,mai/re arriv$ at ,lausanne1 b 8 acc\nt ( ?+s rema9$ true1 & political feuds cont9u$ to run z high z ev]4 ,among ! p ) :om ,de ,mai/re 0 ?r[n 0 ,madame de ,/al4 ',z we _h n be5 to ! same s*ool1' he says1 'ei!r 9 !ology or 9 politics1 we _h "s sc5es en\gh to make "o die ( laught]2 /ill )\t qu>rell+4 ,h] fa!r1 :o 0 !n alive1 0 ! fri5d & relative ( p t ,i love ) all my he>t1 & t ,i w\ld n vex = all ! _w4 ,s ,i all[$ ! migrs :o surr\nd$ u to cry out z !y w\ld1 )\t ev] draw+ ! sword4' ,de ,mai/re ?\ght he nev] came across a head s completely turn$ wrong z ,madame de ,/al's1 ! infallible consequ5ce1 z he took x to be1 ( mod]n philosophy op]at+ ^u a woman's nature4 ,he once said ( h]3 ',ah6 if ,madame de ,/al _h be5 ,ca?olic1 %e w\ld h be5 adorable1 in/ead ( fam\s4' ,we c believe t 8 position among ! ,fr5* migrs 0 n p>ticul>ly cong5ial4 ,= ?\gh !y hat$ ! ,revolution1 !y _h all drunk ( ! wat]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury philosophy1 & ,de ,mai/re hat$ ?is philosophy worse ?an he hat$ ! ,revolution itself4 ,!n aga91 !y w\ld naturally vap\r ab\t ! necessities ( /rong gov]nm5t4 ',yes1' said ! ,savoy>d exile1 'b be q sure t1 to make ! mon>*y /rong1 y mu/ re/ x on ! laws1 avoid+ ev]y?+ arbitr>y1 too frequ5t commissions1 & all m9i/]ial jobb]ies4' ,we may well believe h[ unsav\ry ?is rational & j talk 0 to p :o meant by /rong gov]nm5t a sy/em t %\ld re/ore to !m _! old pr]ogatives ( anti-social oppression & selfi% corruption4 ,! ord] t ,de ,mai/re v9dicat$ 0 a v diff]5t ?+ f ! deadly & poison\s ord] :i* 0 ! object ( ! pray]s ( ! incorrigible royali/s ar\nd him4 ,aft] /ay+ ?ree ye>s at ,lausanne1 ,de ,mai/re w5t to ,tur91 b %ortly aft]w>ds ! ,s>d9ian k+1 at ! end ( a long /ruggle1 0 =c$ to succumb to ! p[] ( ! ,fr5*1 !n 9 ! full tide ( success4 ,bonap>te's brilliant ,italian campaign ne$s no words "h4 ,! ,fr5* ent]$ ,tur91 & ,de ,mai/re1 be+ an migr1 _h to leave x4 ,furni%$ ) a false passport1 & und]go+ a ?\s& h>d%ips & dang]s1 he made 8 way1 once m 9 ! dep? ( a sev]e w9t] 7#agig71 to ,v5ice4 ,he w5t "p ( ! way d[n ! ,po 9 a small trad+ %ip1 cr[d$ ) ladies1 prie/s1 monks1 soldi]s1 & a bi%op4 ,!re 0 only "o small fire on bo>d1 at :i* all ! cook+ _h to be done1 & :]e ! unhappy pass5g]s _h to keep !mselves w>m z !y c\ld4 ,at night !y 7 conf9$ ea* to a space ab\t ?ree planks broad1 sep>at$ f neighb\rs by pieces ( canvas hang+ f a rope above4 ,ea* bank ( ! riv] 0 l9$ by milit>y po/s--! left by ! ,au/rians1 & ! "r by ! ,fr5*2 & ! dang] ( be+ fir$ into 0 con/antly pres5t to aggravate ! mis]y ( ov]cr[d+1 scanty food1 & bitt] cold4 ,ev5 ?is wret*$ness 0 surpass$ by ! h>d%ips :i* confront$ ! exiles at ,v5ice4 ,! physical di/ress endur$ "h by ,de ,mai/re & 8 un=tunate family exce$$ t ( any o!r p]iod ( _! w&]+s4 ,he 0 cut (f f ! c\rt1 & f all 8 relations & fri5ds1 & r$uc$ = ! means ( exi/5ce to a few fragm5ts ( silv] plate1 :i* _h someh[ be5 sav$ f ! univ]sal wreck4 ,?is sl5d] res\rce grew less day by day1 & :5 t 0 exhau/$ ! prospect 0 a blank4 ,! /ud5t ( ,de ,mai/re's philosophy may see 9 :at cru%+ p]sonal angui% "s ( its mo/ s9i/] gr[?s _h _! roots4 ,:5 ! c>es ( begg>y come sudd5ly ^u a man 9 middle life1 !y burn v deep4 ,alone1 & />v+ = a cause t is de> to him1 he might enc\nt] ! grimness ( fate ) a =titude 9 :i* !re %\ld be _m elevat+ & consol+ elem5ts4 ,b ! de/9y is intol]ably h>d :i* condemns a man ( humane m\ld1 z ,de ,mai/re c]ta9ly 01 to look helplessly on ! physical pa9s ( a t5d] woman & fami%+ little ones4 ,! anxieties t press ^u 8 he>t 9 su* calamity z ?is are too %>p1 too tight5$1 & too sordid = him to draw a s+le free brea?1 or to raise 8 eyes = a s+le mom5t ( relief f ! mon/r\s p]plexity t *okes him4 ,! h\r ( b]eavem5t has its bitt]ness1 b ! bitt]ness is gradually suffus$ ) s(t rem9isc5ce4 ,! grip ( begg>y leaves a m>k on su* a "* z ,de ,mai/re's :i* no prosp]ity ( aft] days effaces4 ,! seem+ inhumanity ( 8 !ory ( life1 :i* is s revolt+ to com=table p l ,m4 ,villema91 0 9 tru? ! only explanation ( 8 own cruel suff]+s 9 :i* he c\ld f9d any solace4 ,x 0 n t he hat$ mank9d1 b t 8 de/9y look$ z if ,god hat$ him1 & ?is 0 a horrible moral complexity out ( :i* he c\ld only extricate himself by a !ory 9 :i* pa9 & torm5t seem to /& out z ! ma9 facts 9 human exi/5ce4 ,to him1 inde$1 prosp]ity nev] came4 ,hope smil$ on him mom5t>ily1 b1 9 8 own words3 ',x 0 only a fla% 9 ! night4' ,:ile he 0 9 ,v5ice1 ! armies ( ,au/ria & ,russia reconqu]$ ! nor? ( ,italy1 & ,*>les ,emanuel ,,iv41 9 ! natural anticipation t ! allies w\ld at once re/ore 8 dom9ions1 ha/5$ =w>d4 ,au/ria1 h[ev]1 z ,de ,mai/re _h se5 long be=e1 0 indiff]5t or ev5 absolutely ho/ile to ,s>d9ian int]e/s1 & %e successfully oppos$ ,*>les ,emanuel's re/oration4 ,! k+ receiv$ ! news ( ! p]fidy ( 8 nom9al ally at ,flor5ce1 b n until aft] he _h made arrangem5ts = rew>d+ ! fidelity ( "s ( 8 mo/ loyal adh]5ts4 ,x 0 f ,flor5ce t ,de ,mai/re receiv$ ! k+'s nom9ation to ! *ief place 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! isl& ( ,s>d9ia4 ,?r\gh ! %ort "t ( 8 adm9i/ration "h1 he 0 ov]:elm$ ) vexations only a little m endurable ?an ! physical di/resses :i* _h weigh$ him d[n at ,v5ice4 ,dur+ ! w>1 ju/ice _h be5 adm9i/]$ 9 a grossly irregul> mann]4 ,h5ce1 p _h tak5 ! law into _! own h&s1 & retaliation _h complet$ ! r\nd ( wrong-do+4 ,! taxes 7 collect$ ) great difficulty4 ,! high] class exhibit$ an inv9cible repugnance to pay+ _! debts4 ,"s ( ^! difficulties 9 ! way ( firm & ord]ly gov]nm5t 7 insup]able1 & ,de ,mai/re vex$ 8 s\l 9 an unequal & only p>tially successful conte/4 ,9 aft] ye>s1 amid ! mis]ies ( 8 life 9 ,russia1 he wrote to 8 bro!r ?us3 ',sometimes 9 mom5ts ( solitude t ,i multiply z mu* z ,i possibly c1 ,i ?r[ my head back on ! cu%ion ( my s(a1 & !re ) my f\r walls ar\nd me1 f> f all t is de> to me1 confront$ by a sombre & imp5etrable future1 ,i recall ! days :5 9 a little t[n t y "k well'--he meant ,cagli>i--') my head re/+ on ano!r s(a1 & only see+ ar\nd our own exclusive circle 7good heav5s1 :at an imp]t95ce67 little m5 & little ?+s1 ,i us$ to ask myself3 ,am ,i !n condemn$ to live & die 9 ?is place1 l a limpet on a rock8 ,i suff]$ bitt]ly2 my head 0 ov]load$1 we>i$1 flatt5$1 by ! enorm\s weight ( ,no?+4' ,b pres5tly a worse ?+ befell him4 ,9 #ahjb he receiv$ an ord] f ! k+ to proce$ to ,/4 ,pet]sburg z envoy extraord9>y & m9i/] pl5ipot5ti>y at ! c\rt ( ,russia4 ,ev5 f ?is bitt] pro( ( devotion to 8 sov]eign he did n %r9k4 ,he _h to te> himself f 8 wife & *ildr51 )\t any c]ta9ty :5 s cruel a sep>ation w\ld be likely to end2 to take up new functions :i* ! circum/ances ( ! "t r5d]$ excessively difficult2 :ile ! petty importance ( ! p[] he repres5t$1 & its m5dicant attitude 9 ,europe1 robb$ 8 position ( t public di/9ction & dignity :i* may ri*ly console a man = ! sev]e/ private sacrifice4 ,x is a k9d de/9y :i* veils _! future f mortal m54 ,fifte5 ye>s pass$ be=e ,de ,mai/re's exile came to a close4 ,f #ahjb to #ahag he did n quit ! inhospitable latitudes ( nor!rn ,russia4 ,de ,mai/re's lett]s dur+ ?is desolate p]iod furni% a /rik+ picture ( 8 mann] ( life & 8 m5tal /ate4 ,we see 9 !m 8 mo/ prom95t *>act]i/ics /rongly m>k$4 ,n ev5 ! pa9fulness ( ! writ]'s situation ev] cl\ds 8 intrepid & vigor\s _s4 ,lively & gallant sallies ( hum\r to 8 female fri5ds1 sagaci\s judgm5ts on ! position ( ,europe to political p1 bits ( le>n$ criticism = erudite p1 t5d] & playful *at ) 8 two daught]s1 all ^! alt]nate ) "o ano!r ) ! mo/ delightful effect4 ,:e!r he is writ+ to 8 little girl :om he has nev] kn[n1 or to ! k+ ( ,s>d9ia1 or to "s au?or :o s5ds him a book1 or to a m9i/] :o has f\nd fault ) 8 diplomacy1 !re is 9 all alike ! same con/ant & rem>kable play ( a bright & p5etrat+ intellectual light1 col\r$ by a hum\r t is n[ & !n a little s>donic1 b m (t5 is g5ial & lamb5t4 ,!re is a c]ta9 semi-lat5t quality ( h>dness ly+ at ! bottom ( ,de ,mai/re's /yle1 bo? 9 8 lett]s & 9 8 m elaborate compositions4 ,8 writ+s seem to recall ! flav\r & b\quet ( "s ( ! =tify+ & /imulat+ w9es ( ,burgundy1 f :i* "t & w>m? h n yet drawn out a c]ta9 native r\ghness t l+]s on ! palate4 ,?is h>dness1 if "o mu/ give ! quality a "n t only imp]fectly describes x1 sprang n f any orig9al want ( impressionabl5ess or s5sibility ( nature1 b p>tly f ! rel5tless buffet+s :i* he _h to endure at ! h&s ( =tune1 & p>tly f ! prepond]ance :i* _h be5 giv5 to ! rational side ( 8 m9d by long habits ( s$ul\s & accurate /udy4 ,few m5 knew s p]fectly z he knew h[ to be t\*+ )\t ceas+ to be mascul9e1 nor h[ to g d[n into ! d>k pits ( human life )\t =gett+ ! broad sunlight1 nor h[ to keep habitually close to visible & palpable fact :ile eag]ly addict$ to speculation4 ,8 contemplations 7 p]haps some:at too ne> ! gr\nd2 !y l$ him into none ( ^? sublim] regions ( subtle feel+ :]e ! r>e/ human spirits h lov$ to travel2 we d n ?9k ( 8 m9d among ^? :o h gone ,voyag+ ?r\gh /range seas ( ?\ght alone4 ,if ?is k9d ( temp]1 /rong1 ke51 frank1 & a little h>d & mord5t1 br\ght him too ne> a mis*iev\s disbelief 9 ! dignity ( m5 & _! lives1 at lea/ x kept him well away f morbid weakness 9 e?ics1 & f beat+ ! w9ds 9 metaphysics4 ,b ( ?is we %all see m 9 consid]+ 8 public pieces ?an c be ga!r$ f 8 lett]s4 ,! discom=ts ( ,de ,mai/re's life at ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7 extreme4 ,! dignity ( 8 (ficial /yle & title 0 an aggravation ( ! exce$+ /raitness ( 8 means4 ,! ru9$ ma/] c\ld d little to mitigate ! ru9 ( 8 s]vant4 ,he _h to keep up ! appe>ance ( an ambassador on ! sal>y ( a cl]k4 ',?is is ! second w9t]1' he writes to 8 bro!r 9 #ahaj1 't ,i h gone ?r\gh )\t a pelisse1 :i* is exactly l go+ )\t a %irt at ,cagli>i4 ,:5 ,i come f c\rt a v sorry lackey ?r[s a common cloak ov] my %\ld]s4' ,! climate suit$ him bett] ?an he _h expect$2 & 9 "o lett] he v[s t he 0 ! only liv+ be+ 9 ,russia :o _h pass$ two w9t]s )\t fur boots & a fur hat4 ,x 0 consid]$ indisp5sable t he %\ld keep a c\ple ( s]vants2 s1 = 8 second1 ,de ,mai/re 0 oblig$ to put up ) a ?ief1 :om he rescu$ "u ! %elt] ( ambassadorial privilege f ! h&s ( ju/ice1 on condition t he w\ld turn hone/4 ,! ,au/rian ambassador1 ) :om he 0 on good t]ms1 w\ld (t5 call to take him out to "s ent]ta9m5t4 ',8 f9e s]vants m\nt my /aircase grop+ _! way 9 ! d>k1 & we desc5d prec$$ by a s]vant c>ry+ lum9>e m9us quam ut presset nocti4' ',i am c]ta91' he adds pleasantly1 't !y make songs ab\t me 9 _! ,au/rian patois4 ,poor s\ls6 x is well !y c amuse !mselves4' ,sometimes he 0 r$uc$ s f> z to %>e ! s\p ( 8 valet1 = lack ( ri*] & m indep5d5t f>e4 ,!n he 0 con/antly frett$ by enemies at home1 :o dislik$ 8 tr5*ant diplomacy1 & di/ru/$ ! /r5g? & indep5d5ce ( a m9d :i* 0 too vigor\s to please ! old-fa%ion$ m9i/]s ( ! ,s>d9ian c\rt4 ,^! *agr9s he took z a wise man %\ld4 ,!y di/urb$ him less ?an 8 sep>ation f 8 family4 ',six hundr$ leagues away f y all1' he writes to 8 bro!r1 '! ?\ghts ( my family1 ! rem9isc5ces ( *ildhood1 transport me ) sadness4' ,visions ( 8 "m's sa9tly face haunt$ 8 *amb]2 almo/ gloomi] /ill 0 ! recollection ( old intimates ) :om he _h play$1 liv$1 argu$1 & work$ = ye>s1 & yet :o n[ no long] bore him 9 m9d4 ,!re are n _m glimpses ( ?is melan*oly 9 ! lett]s meant = ! eye ( 8 belov$ tr9it fm99e1 z he playfully call$ 8 wife & two daught]s4 ',a quoi bon v\s attri/]1' he ask$ bravely1 'sans raison et sans pr(it8' ,occasionally he _c help lett+ out to !m h[ f> 8 m9d is remov$ f composure4 ',e day z ,i return home ,i f\nd my h\se z desolate z if x 0 ye/]day y left me4 ,9 society ! same fancy pursues me1 & sc>cely ev] quits me4' ,music1 z might be surmis$ 9 s s5sitive a nature1 drove him almo/ beside himself ) its my/]i\s p[] ( int5sify+ ! dom9ant emotion4 ',:5ev] by any *ance ,i he> ! h>psi*ord1' he says1 'melan*oly seizes me4 ,! s\nd ( ! viol9 gives me su* a heavy he>t1 t ,i am fa9 to leave ! company & ha/5 home4' ,he toss$ 9 8 b$ at night1 ?9k+ he he>d ! s\nd ( weep+ at ,tur91 mak+ a ?\s& ef=ts to picture to himself ! looks ( t 'orphan *ild ( a liv+ fa!r' :om he _h nev] kn[n1 wond]+ if ev] he %\ld "k h]1 & battl+ ) a myriad ( black phantoms t seem$ to ru/le 9 8 curta9s4 ',b y1 ,m4 de ,*evali]1' he said apologetically to ! correspond5t to :om he told ^! dismal ?+s1 'y are a fa!r1 y "k ! cruel dreams ( a wak+ man2 if y 7 n ( ! pr(ession ,i w\ld n all[ my p5 to write y ?is j]emiad4' ,z ,de ,mai/re 0 accu/om$ to ?9k himself happy if he got ?ree h\rs' s\nd sleep 9 ! night1 ^! sombre & t]rible vigils 7 ample en\gh to excuse him if he _h all[$ !m to ov]%ad[ all o!r ?+s4 ,b ! vig\r ( 8 intellect 0 too /r5u\s1 & 8 curiosity & int]e/ 9 e object ( k too inext+ui%able4 ',aft] all1' he said1 '! only ?+ to d is to put on a good face1 & to m>* to ! place ( torture ) a few fri5ds to console y on ! way4 ,?is is ! *>m+ image "u :i* ,i picture my pres5t situation4 ,m>k y1' he add$1 ',i always c\nt books among "o's consol+ fri5ds4' ,9 "o ( ! mo/ gay & *>m+ ( 8 lett]s1 apologis+ to a lady = ! remissness ( 8 correspond5ce1 he expla9s t diplomacy & books occupy e mom5t4 ',y w admit1 madam1 !re is no possibility ( "o's %utt+ up books entirely4 ,nay1 m ?an ev]1 ,i feel myself burn+ ) ! fev]i% ?ir/ = k4 ,i h _h an access ( x :i* ,i _c describe to y4 ,! mo/ curi\s books lit]ally run aft] me1 & hurry volunt>ily to place !mselves 9 my h&s4 ,z soon z diplomacy gives me a mom5t ( brea?+-"t ,i ru% headlong to t fav\rite pa/ure1 to t ambrosia ( :i* ! m9d c nev] h en\gh-- ,et voil ce qui fait que votre ami e/ muet4' ,he ?9ks himself happy if1 by refus+ invitations to d9n]1 he c pass a :ole day )\t /irr+ f 8 h\se4 ',i read1 ,i write1 ,i /udy2 = aft] all "o mu/ "k some?+4' ,9 8 h\rs ( depression he fanci$ t he only read & work$1 n = ! sake ( ! k1 b to /upefy & tire himself out1 if t 7 possible4 ,z a /ud5t ,de ,mai/re 0 indefatigable4 ,he nev] belong$ to t languid b& :o hop$ to le>n difficult ?+s by easy me?ods4 ,! only way1 he w>n$ 8 son1 is to %ut y\r door1 to say t y are n )91 & to "w4 ',s9ce !y h set !mselves to tea* u h[ we ought to le>n ! dead languages1 y c f9d nobody :o kn[s !m2 & x is amus+ en\gh t p :o don't "k !m1 %\ld be s ob/9ately b5t on demon/rat+ ! vices ( ! me?ods employ$ by u :o d "k !m4' ,he 0 "o ( ^? wise & labori\s /ud5ts :o d n read )\t a p5 9 _! h&s4 ,he nev] %rank f ! useful toil ( transcrib+ abundantly f all ! books he read ev]y?+ t c\ld by any possibility ev5tually be ( s]vice to him 9 8 inquiries4 ,8 notebooks 7 enorm\s4 ,z soon z "o ( !m 0 fill$1 he c>efully made up an index ( its cont5ts1 numb]$ x1 & plac$ x on a %elf ) its un=gott5 pr$ecessors4 ,9 "o place he accid5tally m5tions t he _h "s ?irty ( ^! folios ov] ! head ( 8 writ+-table4 ',if ,i am a p$ant at home1' he said1 'at lea/ ,i am z little z possible a p$ant out ( doors4' ,9 ! ev5+ he w\ld occasionally seek ! society ( ladies1 by way ( recov]+ "s ( t native gaiety ( he>t :i* _h hi!rto kept him alive4 ',i bl[ on ?is sp>k1' to use 8 own words1 'j z an old woman bl[s among ! a%es to get a light = h] lamp4' ,a /ud5t & a ?9k]1 ,de ,mai/re 0 also a man ( ! _w1 & he may be add$ to ! long li/ ( writ]s :o h %[n t to take an active "p 9 public affairs & mix 9 society give a peculi> life1 reality1 & =ce to bo? s*ol>%ip & speculation4 ,x 0 comput$ at t "t t ! au?or ( a philosophic piece c\ld n safely c\nt ^u m ?an a hundr$ & fifty read]s 9 ,russia2 & h5ce1 we might be sure1 ev5 if we _h n ,de ,mai/re's ^w = x1 t away f 8 own h\se he left 8 philosophy beh9d4 ,! vehem5ce ( 8 own convictions did n prev5t him f be+ socially tol]ant to o!rs :o hat$ !m4 ',if ,i _h ! good =tune to be among 8 acqua9tances1' he wrote ( a h]etical assailant1 'he w\ld see t among ! p ) convictions x w\ld be h>d to f9d "o s free f prejudice z ,i am4 ,i h _m fri5ds among ! ,prote/ants1 & n[ t _! sy/em is tott]+1 !y are all ! de>] to me4' ,9 spite ( 8 scanty means1 8 %abby valet1 8 ?readb>e cloak1 & ! humbl5ess ( 8 diplomatic position1 ! fire & hone/y ( 8 "* comb9$ ) 8 kn[n ability to place him high 9 ! e/eem ( ! society ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,8 fidelity1 devotion1 & =titude1 mell[$ by _m ye>s & by m$itative habits1 & t+$ p]haps by ! patrician consci\sness ( bir?1 =m$ 9 him a mode/ dignity ( mann] :i* m5 respect$4 ,!y p]ceiv$ x to be no artificial assumption1 b ! outw>d image ( a l(ty & self-respect+ _s4 ,8 bro!r diplomati/s1 ev5 ! repres5tatives ( ,france1 appe> to h treat$ him ) m>k$ consid]ation4 ,8 lett]s prove him to h be5 a fav\rite among ladies4 ,! ,emp]or ,alex&] %[$ him consid]able k9dness ( ! *eap royal sort4 ,he conf]r$ on 8 bro!r1 ,xavi] de ,mai/re1 a po/ 9 "o ( ! public museums1 :ile to ! ,s>d9ian envoy's son he gave a commission 9 ! ,russian s]vice4 ,! fir/ dep>ture ( ?is son = ! campaign ( #ahjg occasion$ "s ( ! mo/ *>m+ passages 9 ,de ,mai/re's lett]s1 bo? to ! "y soldi] himself & to o!rs4 ,= ?\gh )\t a t\* ( morbid expansiv5ess1 he nev] d5i$ himself ! solace ( op5+ 8 he>t to a tru/$ fri5d1 & a j res]ve ) /rang]s did n h9d] a humane & manly confid5ce ) intimates4 ',?is morn+1' he wrote to 8 /ripl+1 soon aft] he _h jo9$ ! army1 ',i felt a tight5+ at my he>t :5 a pet dog came runn+ 9 & jump$ ^u y\r b$1 :]e he f9ds y no m4 ,he soon p]ceiv$ 8 mi/ake1 & said cle>ly en\gh1 aft] 8 own fa%ion3 ,i am mi/ak52 :]e c he be !n8 ,z = me ,i h felt all t y w feel1 if ev] y pursue ?is mighty trade ( be+ a fa!r4' ,& !n he begs ( 8 son if he %\ld f9d himself ) a tape l9e 9 8 h&1 t he w take 8 exact measure & =w>d x4 ,soon came ! news ( ! battle ( ,fri$l&1 & ! unhappy fa!r ?\ght he read ! fate ( 8 son 9 ! face ( e acqua9tance he met4 ,& s x 0 9 lat] campaigns1 z ,de ,mai/re records 9 correspond5ce t gl[s ) t5d] & heal?y solicitude4 ,all ?is is wor? dwell+ ^u1 = two reasons4 ,fir/1 because ,de ,mai/re has be5 too mu* reg>d$ & spok5 ( z a man ( cold s5sibility1 & little mov$ by ! h>d%ips :i* fill ! de/9y ( our un=tunate race4 ,&1 secondly1 because 8 own ke5 acqua9tance ) m5tal angui% helps u to und]/& ! zeal ) :i* he attempts to reconcile ! bl9d cruelty & pa9 & torture endur$ by mortals ) ! b5ignity & wisdom ( ! immortal4 ',aft] all1' he us$ to say1 '!re are only two real evils--remorse & disease4' ,?is is true en\gh = an apoph!gm1 b z a matt] ( fact x nev] = an in/ant dull$ 8 s5sibility to f> less supreme =ms ( agony ?an ! recollection ( irrep>able pa9 /ruck into ! lives ( o!rs4 ,x is int]e/+ & sugge/ive to recall h[ a lat] publici/ view$ ! ills t dw>f our little lives4 ',if ,i 7 ask$ to class human mis]ies1' said ,tocqueville1 ',i w\ld d s 9 ?is ord]3 fir/1 ,disease2 second1 ,dea?2 ?ird1 ,d\bt4' ,at a lat] date1 he alt]$ ! ord]1 & delib]ately decl>$ d\bt to be ! mo/ insupportable ( all evils1 worse ?an dea? itself4 ,b ,tocqueville 0 an ari/ocrat1 z ,guizot once told him1 :o accept$ 8 defeat4 ,he /ood on ! br9k ( ! great torr5t ( democracy1 & %iv]$4 ,de ,mai/re 0 an ari/ocrat too1 b he 0 incapable ( kn[+ :at d\bt or hesitation meant4 ,he nev] dreamt t 8 cause 0 lo/1 & he mock$ & defi$ ! ,revolution to ! end4 ,we easily see h[ natures ( ?is sort1 ard5t1 impetu\s1 unfl9*+1 f9d !mselves 9 ! triumphant pa?s t lead to remorse at _! close1 & h[ !y ?us come to feel remorse r ?an d\bt z ! consummate agony ( ! human m9d4 ,hav+ _h ?is glimpse ( ,de ,mai/re's "* away f 8 books1 we ne$ n l+] long ov] ! rema9+ ev5ts ( 8 life4 ,9 #ahad 8 wife & two daught]s jo9$ him 9 ! ,russian capital4 ,two ye>s lat] an outbur/ ( religi\s fanaticism caus$ ! sudd5 expulsion ( ! ,jesuits f ,russia1 to ,de ,mai/re's deep mortification4 ,sev]al conv]sions _h tak5 place f ! ,or?odox to ! ,we/]n fai?1 & ^! inflam$ ! ,or?odox p>ty1 head$ by ! ,pr9ce de ,galitz91 ! m9i/] ( public wor%ip1 ) viol5t !ological fury4 ,de ,mai/re1 ^: int5se atta*m5t to 8 own cre$ 0 well kn[n1 fell "u suspicion ( hav+ conniv$ at ^! conv]sions1 & ! ,emp]or himself w5t s f> z to "q him4 ',i told him1' ,de ,mai/re says1 't ,i _h nev] *ang$ ! fai? ( any ( 8 subjects1 b t if any ( !m _h by *ance made me a %>] ( _! confid5ce1 nei!r hon\r nor consci5ce w\ld h all[$ me to tell !m t !y 7 wrong4' ,?is k9d ( dialogue betwe5 a sov]eign & an ambassador impli$ a situation pla9ly unfav\rable to effective diplomacy4 ,! envoy obta9$ 8 recall1 & aft] tw5ty-five ye>s' abs5ce return$ to 8 native c\ntry 7#ahag74 ,on 8 way home1 x may be notic$1 ,de ,mai/re pass$ a few days 9 ,p>is1 & ?us1 = ! fir/ & la/ "t1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t ( mod]n ,fr5* writ]s f\nd himself on ,fr5* soil4 ,! k+ accord$ ,de ,mai/re an hon\rable reception1 conf]r$ ^u him a high (fice & a small sum ( money1 & l5t 8 e> to o!r c\nsellors4 ,! philosoph]1 ?\gh insi/+ on decl>+ 8 political op9ions1 !n1 z ev]1 unwav]+ly anti-revolution>y1 ?rew himself ma9ly ^u t lit]>y composition :i* _h be5 8 solace 9 yet m evil days ?an ^!4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t he gave to ! _w ! supreme fruit ( ne>ly half a c5tury ( /udy1 m$itation1 & contact ) ! _w1 9 ,du ,pape1 ,les ,soires de ,sa9t ,pt]sb\rg1 & ,l',eglise ,gallicane4 ,_! au?or did n live long to enjoy ! va/ discussion :i* !y occasion$1 nor ! reputation t !y h s9ce conf]r$ ^u 8 "n4 ,he di$ 9 ,febru>y #ahba aft] su* a life z we h se54 ,,footnote3 #b ,! facts ( ,de ,mai/re's life ,i h drawn f a v meagre biography by 8 son1 ,c\nt ,rodolphe de ,mai/re1 supplem5t$ by two volumes ( ,lettres et ,opuscules 7,f\r? edition4 ,p>is3 ,vaton4 #ahfe71 & a volume ( 8 ,diplomatic ,correspond5ce1 edit$ by ,m4 ,alb]t ,blanc4 ,,ii4 ,x is n at all surpris+ t !y ^u :om ! revolution>y deluge came %\ld h look$ ) indiscrim9at+ horror & affright on all ! influ5ces :i* 9 _! view _h unit$ fir/ to ga!r up1 & !n to release ! de/ructive flood4 ,! eighte5? c5tury to m5 l ,de ,mai/re seem$ an infam\s p>5!sis1 my/]i\sly int]pos$ betwe5 ! glori\s age ( ,bossuet & ,fnelon1 & t yet bright] era = fai? & ! ,*ur* :i* 0 /ill to come 9 ! good "t ( ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,! philosophy ( ! la/ c5tury1 he says on m ?an "o occasion1 w =m "o ( ! mo/ %ameful epo*s ( ! human m9d3 x nev] prais$ ev5 good m5 except = :at 0 bad 9 !m4 ,he look$ ^u ! gods :om t c5tury _h wor%ipp$ z ! direct au?ors ( ! blood%$ & ru9 9 :i* _! epo* _h clos$4 ,! memory ( mild & humane philosoph]s 0 cov]$ ) ! k9d ( black execration t prophets ( old _h hurl$ at ,baal or ,molo*2 ,locke & ,hume1 ,voltaire & ,r\sseau1 7 habitually spok5 ( z v sc\rges ( ,god4 ,f ?is temp] two consequ5ces naturally fl[$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :ile x la/$ !re 0 no hope ( an hone/ philosophic discussion ( ! great que/ions :i* divide speculative m9ds4 ,mod]ation & imp>tiality 7 virtues ( almo/ sup]human difficulty = controv]siali/s :o _h made up _! m9ds t x 0 _! oppon5ts :o _h erect$ ! guillot9e1 confiscat$ ! sacr$ prop]ty ( ! *ur*1 slaught]$ & bani%$ h] *ildr51 & fill$ ! l& ) t]ror & confusion4 ,x is h>d amid ! smok+ ru9s ( ! home/ead to d full ju/ice to ! !oretical argum5ts ( ! suppos$ au?ors ( ! conflagration4 ,h5ce ,de ,mai/re1 ?\gh1 z has be5 already said1 intimately acqua9t$ ) ! works ( 8 foes 9 ! lett]1 0 prev5t$ by ! vehem5ce ( 8 antipa?y to ! effects :i* he attribut$ to !m1 f hav+ any j critical e/imate ( _! value & true _s4 ',i d n "k "o ( ^! m51' he says ( ! philosoph]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 'to :om ! sacr$ title ( hone/ man is q suitable4' ,!y are all want+ 9 probity4 ,_! v names 'me d*ir5t la b\*e4' ,to admire ,voltaire is ! sign ( a corrupt s\l2 & if anybody is drawn to ! works ( ,voltaire1 !n be sure t ,god does n love su* an "o4 ,! div9e ana!ma is writt5 on ! v face ( ?is ar*-blasphem]2 on 8 %ameless br[1 9 ! two ext9ct crat]s /ill sp>kl+ ) s5suality & hate1 9 t frightful rictus runn+ f e> to e>1 9 ^? lips tight5$ by cruel malice1 l a spr+ ready to fly back & laun* =? blasphemy & s>casm2 he plunges into ! mud1 rolls 9 x1 dr9ks ( x2 he surr5d]s 8 imag9ation to ! en?usiasm ( hell1 :i* l5ds him all its =ces2 ,p>is cr[n$ him1 ,sodom w\ld h bani%$ him4#c ,locke1 aga91 did n und]/& himself4 ,8 di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics are feebl5ess & precipitancy ( judgm5t4 ,vagu5ess & irresolution reign 9 8 expressions z !y d 9 8 ?\ghts4 ,he con/antly exhibits t mo/ decisive sign ( m$iocrity--he passes close by ! greate/ que/ions )\t p]ceiv+ !m4 ,9 ! /udy ( philosophy1 contempt = ,locke is ! beg9n+ ( k4#d ,condillac 0 ev5 m vigilantly ?an anybody else on 8 gu>d aga9/ 8 own consci5ce4 ,b ,hume 0 p]haps ! mo/ dang]\s & ! mo/ guilty ( all ^? m\rnful writ]s :o w = ev] accuse ! la/ c5tury be=e po/]ity--! "o :o employ$ ! mo/ tal5t ) ! mo/ coolness to d mo/ h>m4#e ,to ,bacon ,de ,mai/re paid ! complim5t ( compos+ a long refutation ( 8 ma9 ideas1 9 :i* ,bacon's bl9dness1 presumption1 pr(anity1 & sci5tific *>latanry are d5\nc$ 9 vehem5t & almo/ co>se t]ms1 & treat$ z ! natural outcome ( a l[ morality4 ,x has long be5 ! +lori\s speciality ( ! !ological s*ool to insi/ 9 ?is way ^u moral depravity z an antec$5t condition ( intellectual error4 ,de ,mai/re 9 ?is respect 0 n unwor?y ( 8 fell[s4 ,he believ$ t 8 oppon5ts 7 ev5 worse citiz5s ?an !y 7 bad philosoph]s1 & x 0 8 horror ( !m 9 ! =m] capacity t made him s bitt] & res5tful aga9/ !m 9 ! latt]4 ,he c\ld ?9k ( no m fitt+ image = op9ions t he did n happ5 to believe ?an c\nt]feit money1 ':i* is /ruck 9 ! fir/ in/ance by great crim9als1 & is aft]w>ds pass$ on by hone/ folk :o p]petuate ! crime )\t kn[+ :at !y d4' ,a philosoph] ( ! highe/ class1 we may be sure1 does n p]mit himself to be drawn d[n f ! true object ( 8 m$itations by ^! s9i/] emotions4 ,b ,de ,mai/re belong$ emphatically to m9ds ( ! second ord]1 ^: eag]ness to f9d tru? is nev] int5se & pure en\gh to raise !m above p]turb+ antipa?ies to p]sons4 ,8 :ole attitude 0 fatal to 8 claim to be he>d z a tru?-seek] 9 any "r s5se ( ! t]m4 ,he 0 n only p]suad$ ( ! g5]al ju/ice & inexpugnabl5ess ( ! or?odox sy/em1 b he refus$ to believe t x 0 capable ( be+ improv$ or supplem5t$ by any?+ :i* a temp]ate & fair exam9ation ( o!r doctr9es might p]adv5ture be f\nd to yield4 ,) ,de ,mai/re !re 0 no p]adv5ture4 ,aga91 no speculative m9d ( ! highe/ ord] ev] mi/akes1 or ev] moves sy/ematically ap>t f1 ! ma9 curr5t ( ! social movem5t ( its "t4 ,x is impli$ 9 ! v def9ition ( a ?9k] ( supreme quality t he %\ld detect1 & be 9 a c]ta9 accord )1 ! mo/ =w>d & c5tral ( ! rul+ t5d5cies ( 8 epo*4 ,?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury h elaps$ s9ce ,de ,mai/re 0 driv5 to attempt to expla9 ! _w to himself1 & ?is int]val has suffic$ to %[ t ! c5tral conditions at t "t = ! p]man5t reorganisation ( ! society :i* _h j be5 s viol5tly r5t 9 pieces1 7 assur$ly n !ological1 milit>y1 nor ultramontane1 b ! v opposite ( all ^!4 ,!re 0 a second consequ5ce ( ! conditions ( ! "t4 ,! cata/rophe ( ,europe affect$ ! matt] z well z ! mann] ( contempor>y speculation4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution has become to u no m ?an a t]m1 ?\gh ! /range/ t]m 9 a hi/oric s]ies4 ,to "s ( ! be/ ( ^? :o 7 confront$ on e side by its tumult & agitation1 x 0 ! prevail+ ( ! gates ( hell1 ! moral disruption ( ! univ]se1 ! absolute & total surr5d] ( ! _w to !m t pl\gh iniquity & s[ wick$ness4 ,ev5 "u ord9>y circum/ances few m5 h gone ?r\gh life )\t enc\nt]+ "s triumphant iniquity1 "s gross & prolong$ cruelty1 :i* makes !m wond] h[ ,god %\ld all[ su* ?+s to be4 ,if we rememb] ! aspect :i* ! ,revolution wore 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o see+ x yet did n und]/&1 we c imag9e :at dim5sions ?is et]nal enigma mu/ h assum$ 9 _! sight4 ,x 0 inevitable t ! fir/ problem to press on m5 ) resi/less urg5cy %\ld be ! anci5t "q ( ! me?od ( ! ,creator's temporal gov]nm5t4 ,:at is ! law ( ! di/ribution ( good & evil =tune8 ,h[ c we v9dicate ) reg>d to ! conditions ( ?is life1 ! diff]5t de/9ies t fall to m58 ,h[ c we def5d ! moral ord]+ ( a _w 9 :i* ! wick$ & godless con/antly triumph1 :ile ! virtu\s & upright :o reta9 _! integrity are z frequ5tly buffet$ & put to %ame8 ,?is trem5d\s "q has nev] be5 pres5t$ ) su* sublimity ( expression1 su* noble simplicity & =ce ( ?\ght1 z 9 ! maje/ic & t\*+ leg5d ( ,job4 ,b its complet5ess1 z a pres5tation ( ! human trag$y1 is impair$ by ! excessive prosp]ity :i* is f9ally suppos$ to rew>d ! pati5t h]o = 8 =titude4 ,job receiv$ twice z mu* z he _h be=e1 & 8 latt] end 0 bless$ m ?an 8 beg9n+4 ,9 ! *ronicles ( actual hi/ory m5 f>e n s4 ,!re is a t]ribly logical f9i% ab\t "s ( ! deal+s ( fate1 & 9 life ! work+ ( a curse is seldom /ay$ by any dramatic necessity = a smoo? consummation4 ,de/9y is no arti/4 ,! facts t confront u are rel5tless4 ,no /atem5t ( ! case is adequate :i* ma9ta9s1 by ev] s delicate an implication1 t 9 ! long run & someh[ x is well 9 temporal ?+s ) ! j1 & ill ) ! unju/4 ,until we h firmly look$ 9 ! face ! grim tru? t temporal rew>ds & puni%m5ts d n foll[ ! possession or ! want ( spiritual or moral virtue1 s long we are /ill ignorant :at t enigma is1 :i* speculative m51 f ! au?or ( ! book ( ,job d[nw>ds1 h /riv5 to resolve4 ,we c readily imag9e ! fulness ) :i* ! "q w\ld gr[ up 9 ! m9d ( a royali/ & ,ca?olic exile at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,no?+ c be m cle>ly put ?an ,de ,mai/re's answ]s to ! "q :i* ! circum/ances ( ! "t plac$ be=e him to solve4 ,:at is ! law ( ! di/ribution ( good & evil =tune 9 ?is life8 ,is x a moral law8 ,d prosp]ity & adv]sity fall respectively to ! j & ! unju/1 ei!r individually or collectively8 ,has ! anci5t cov5ant be5 fai?fully kept1 t :oso he>k5s dilig5tly to ! div9e voice1 & obs]ves all ! comm&m5ts to d !m1 %all be bless$ 9 8 basket & 8 /ore & 9 all ! "w ( 8 h&8 ,or is ,god a ,god t hide? himself8 ,de ,mai/re p]ceiv$ t ! optimi/ic conception ( ! deity z b5ign1 m]ciful1 inf9itely =giv+1 0 v f> inde$ f cov]+ ! facts4 ,s he insi/$ on see+ 9 human de/9y ! ev]-pres5t h& ( a /]n & t]rible judge1 adm9i/]+ a ,draconian code ) bl9d & pitiless sev]ity4 ,god creat$ m5 "u conditions :i* left !m free to *oose betwe5 good & evil4 ,all ! physical evil t exi/s 9 ! _w is a p5alty = ! moral evil t has result$ f ! abuse by m5 ( ?is fre$om ( *oice4 ,= ^! physical calamities ,god is only responsible 9 ! way 9 :i* a crim9al judge is responsible = a hang+4 ,m5 _c blame ! judge = ! gall[s2 ! fault is _! own 9 committ+ ^? (f5ces = :i* hang+ is prescrib$ be=eh& z ! p5alty4 ,^! curses :i* dom9ate human life are n ! result ( ! cruelty ( ! div9e rul]1 b ( ! folly & wick$ness ( mank9d1 :o1 see+ ! bett] c\rse1 yet delib]ately *oose ! worse4 ,! ord] ( ! _w is ov]?r[n by ! iniquities ( m52 x is we :o h provok$ ! ex]cise ( ! div9e ju/ice1 & call$ d[n ! tok5s ( 8 v5geance4 ,! mis]y & disa/] t surr\nd u l a cloak are ! p5alty ( our crimes & ! price ( our expiation4 ,z ! div9e ,/4 ,?omas has said3 ,deus e/ auctor mali quod e/ po5a1 non autem mali quod e/ culpa4 ,!re is a c]ta9 quantity ( wrong done ov] ! face ( ! _w2 !re=e ! great ,judge exacts a proportionate quantity ( puni%m5t4 ,! total am\nt ( evil suff]$ makes nice equation ) ! total am\nt ( evil done2 ! ext5t ( human suff]+ tallies precisely ) ! ext5t ( human guilt4 ,( c\rse y mu/ take orig9al s9 into acc\nt1 ':i* expla9s all1 & )\t :i* y c expla9 no?+4' ',9 virtue ( ?is primitive degradation we are subject to all sorts ( physical suff]+s 9 g5]al2 j z 9 virtue ( ?is same degradation we are subject to all sorts ( vices 9 g5]al4 ,?is orig9al malady !re=e :i* is ! correlative ( orig9al s9 has no o!r "n4 ,x is only ! capacity ( suff]+ all evils1 z orig9al s9 is only ! capacity ( committ+ all crimes4'#f ,h5ce all calamity is ei!r ! puni%m5t ( s9s actually committ$ by ! suff]]s1 or else x is ! g5]al p5alty exact$ = g5]al s9fulness4 ,sometimes an innoc5t be+ is /rick51 & a guilty be+ appe>s to escape4 ,b is x n ! same 9 ! transactions ( e>?ly tribunals8 ,& yet we d n say t !y are conduct$ )\t reg>d to ju/ice & righte\sness4 ',:5 ,god puni%es any society = ! crimes t x has committ$1 he does ju/ice z we d ju/ice ourselves 9 ^! sorts ( circum/ance4 ,a city revolts2 x massacres ! repres5tatives ( ! sov]eign2 x %uts its gates aga9/ him2 x def5ds itself aga9/ 8 arms2 x is tak54 ,! pr9ce has x dismantl$ & depriv$ ( all its privileges2 nobody w f9d fault ) ?is decision on ! gr\nd t !re are innoc5t p]sons %ut up 9 ! city4'#g ,de ,mai/re's deity is ?us a colossal ,septembriseur1 en?ron$ high 9 ! peaceful heav5s1 dem&+ ev]-r5ew$ holocau/s 9 ! "n ( ! public safety4 ,x is true1 z a g5]al rule ( ! human m9d1 t ! objects :i* m5 h wor%ipp$ h improv$ 9 morality & wisdom z m5 !mselves h improv$4 ,! quiet gods1 )\t ef=t ( _! own1 h gr[n holi] & pur] by ! agitations & toil :i* civilise _! wor%ipp]s4 ,9 o!r words1 ! same influ5ces :i* elevate & wid5 our s5se ( human duty give correspond+ height & nobl5ess to our ideas ( ! div9e "*4 ,! hi/ory ( ! civilisation ( ! e>? is ! hi/ory ( ! civilisation ( ,olympus also4 ,x w be se5 t ! deity :om ,de ,mai/re sets up is bel[ ! moral level ( ! "t 9 respect ( ,puni%m5t4 ,9 intellectual matt]s he vehem5tly proclaim$ ! sup]iority ( ! t5? or ! twelf? ov] ! eighte5? c5tury1 b x is surely c>ry+ admiration = ^? loyal times indec5tly f>1 to seek 9 ! v9dictive sack+s ( revolt$ t[ns1 & ! miscellane\s but*]ies ( m51 wom51 & babes1 :i* !n m>k$ ! v5geance ( outrag$ sov]eignty1 ! mo/ apt p>allel & analogy = ! sy/ematic adm9i/ration ( human society by its ,creator4 ,su* puni%m5t c no long] be reg>d$ z moral 9 any deep or p]man5t s5se2 x implies a gross1 h>%1 & rev5geful "* 9 ! execution]1 t is em95tly p]plex+ & incr$ible to ^? :o expect to f9d an idea ( ju/ice 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 at lea/ n mat]ially bel[ :at is atta9$ 9 ! clumsy ef=ts ( un9spir$ publici/s4 ,9 m]e po9t ( adm9i/ration1 ! crim9al code :i* ,de ,mai/re put into ! h&s ( ! ,supreme ,be+ works 9 a m arbitr>y & caprici\s mann] ?an any device ( an ,italian ,b\rbon4 ,z ,voltaire asks-- ,lisbonne1 qui n'e/ plus1 eut-elle plus de vices ,que ,londres1 que ,p>is1 plongs dans les dlices8 ,lisbonne e/ abme1 et l'on danse ,p>is4 ,/ay1 ,de ,mai/re replies1 look at ,p>is ?irty ye>s lat]1 n danc+1 b r$ ) blood4 ,?is k9d ( ?+ is (t5 said1 ev5 n[2 b x is really "t to ab&on ! pro/itution ( ! "n ( ,ju/ice to a process :i* br+s ,lewis ,,xvi4 to ! block1 & consigns ,de ,mai/re to pov]ty & exile1 because ,lewis ,,xiv41 ! ,reg5t1 & ,lewis ,,xv4 _h be5 pr(ligate m5 or injudici\s rul]s4 ,! read] may rememb] h[ ! unhappy ,emp]or ,maurice z 8 five innoc5t sons 7 9 turn murd]$ be=e 8 eyes1 at ea* /roke pi\sly ejaculat$3 ',?\ art j1 ,o ,"l6 & ?y judgm5ts are righte\s4'#h ,any "n w\ld befit ?is k9d ( transaction bett] ?an t :i*1 9 ! deal+s ( m5 ) "o ano!r at lea/1 we res]ve = ! hon\rable anxiety t he %\ld reap :o has s[n1 t ! rew>d %\ld be to him :o has toil$ = x1 & ! pa9 to him :o has delib]ately incurr$ x4 ,:at is ga9$ by attribut+ to ! div9e gov]nm5t a me?od ta9t$ ) e quality t c\ld vitiate ! enactm5t ( p5alties by a temporal sov]eign8 ,we ne$ n lab\r ?is "p ( ! discussion fur!r4 ,?\gh conduct$ ) mu* brilliance & vig\r by ,de ,mai/re1 x is n 8 mo/ important nor rem>kable contribution to ?\ght4 ,be=e pass+ on to t1 x is wor? :ile to make "o rem>k4 ,x w be inf]r$ f ,de ,mai/re's g5]al position t he 0 no fri5d to physical sci5ce4 ,j z mod]ns see 9 ! advance ( ! me?ods & b\nd>ies ( physical k ! mo/ direct & sure means ( displac+ ! unfruitful subjective me?ods ( old1 & s ( r5ovat+ ! entire field ( human ?\ght & activity1 s did ,de ,mai/re see1 z 8 s*ool has se5 s9ce1 t "h 0 ! /ronghold ( 8 foes4 ',ah1 h[ de>ly1' he exclaim$1 'has man paid = ! natural sci5ces6' ,n b t ,provid5ce design$ t man %\ld "k some?+ ab\t !m2 only x mu/ be 9 due ord]4 ,! anci5ts 7 n p]mitt$ to atta9 to mu* or ev5 any s\nd k ( physics1 indisputably above u z !y 7 9 =ce ( m9d1 a fact %[n by ! sup]iority ( _! languages :i* ought to sil5ce = ev] ! voice ( our mod]n pride4 ,:y did ! anci5ts rema9 s ignorant ( natural sci5ce8 ,because !y 7 n ,*ri/ian4 ',:5 all ,europe 0 ,*ri/ian1 :5 ! prie/s 7 ! univ]sal tea*]s1 :5 all ! e/abli%m5ts ( ,europe 7 ,*ri/ianis$1 :5 !ology _h tak5 its place at ! head ( all in/ruction1 & ! o!r faculties 7 rang$ ar\nd h] l maids ( hon\r r\nd _! que51 ! human race be+ ?us prep>$1 !n ! natural sci5ces 7 giv5 to x4' ,sci5ce mu/ be kept 9 its place1 = x resembles fire :i*1 :5 conf9$ 9 ! grates prep>$ = x1 is ! mo/ useful & p[]ful ( man's s]vants2 scatt]$ ab\t anyh[1 x is ! mo/ t]rible ( sc\rges4 ,:5ce ! m>k$ supremacy ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 especially 9 ,france8 ,f ! happy accord ( religion1 sci5ce1 & *ivalry1 & f ! supremacy conc$$ to ! fir/4 ,! m p]fect !ology is 9 a c\ntry ! m fruitful x is 9 true sci5ce2 & t is :y ,*ri/ian nations h surpass$ all o!rs 9 ! sci5ces1 & t is :y ! ,indians & ,*9ese w nev] rea* u1 s long z we rema9 respectively z we are4 ,! m !ology is cultivat$1 hon\r$1 & supreme1 !n1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! m p]fect w human sci5ce be3 t is to say1 x w h ! great] =ce & expansion1 & w be ! m free f e mis*iev\s & p]il\s connection4#i ,little w\ld be ga9$ "h by s]i\s criticism ( a view ( ?is k9d f a positive po9t4 ,h[ little1 ! read] w und]/& f ,de ,mai/re's own explanations ( 8 pr9ciples ( ,pro( & ,evid5ce4 ',!y h call$ to witness aga9/ ,moses1' he says1 'hi/ory1 *ronology1 a/ronomy1 geology1 etc4 ,! objections h disappe>$ be=e true sci5ce2 b ^? 7 pr(\ndly wise :o despis$ !m be=e any inquiry1 or :o only exam9$ !m 9 ord] to discov] a refutation1 b )\t ev] d\bt+ t !re 0 "o4 ,ev5 a ma!matical objection ought to be despis$1 = ?\gh x may be a demon/rat$ tru?1 /ill y w nev] be able to demon/rate t x contradicts a tru? t has be5 demon/rat$ be=e4' ,8 f9al =mula he boldly ann\nc$ 9 ^! words3 ',que t\tes les fois qu'une proposition s]a pr\ve p> le g5re de preuve qui lui app>ti5t1 l'objection quelconque1 ,m,,me ,,insoluble1 ne doit plus tre c\te4' ,suppose1 = example1 t by a cons5sus ( te/imony x 7 p]fectly prov$ t ,ar*im$es set fire to ! fleet ( ,m>cellus by a burn+-glass2 !n all ! objections ( geometry disappe>4 ,prove if y c1 & if y *oose1 t by c]ta9 laws a glass1 9 ord] to be capable ( sett+ fire to ! ,roman fleet1 mu/ h be5 z big z ! :ole city ( ,syracuse1 & ask me :at answ] ,i h to make to t4 ',j'ai v\s rpondre qu',ar*imde brla la flotte roma9e avec un miroir ard5t4' ,! int]e/+ ?+ ab\t su* op9ions z ^! is n ! exact height & dep? ( _! fals5ess1 b ! consid]ations :i* c\ld recomm5d !m to a man ( s mu* k1 bo? ( books & ( ! out] facts ( life1 & ( s mu* natural acut5ess z ,de ,mai/re4 ,p]sons :o h accu/om$ !mselves to asc]ta9$ me?ods ( pro(1 are apt to look on a man :o v[s t if a ?+ has be5 decl>$ true by "s au?ority :om he respects1 !n t con/itutes pro( to him1 z ei!r ! victim ( a prepo/]\s & b>ely cr$ible infatuation1 or else z a flat impo/or4 ,yet ,de ,mai/re 0 no ignorant monk4 ,he _h no selfi% or (ficial int]e/ 9 tak+ away ! keys ( k1 ent]+ n 9 himself1 & !m t w\ld ent] 9 h9d]+4 ,! true reasons = 8 dete/ation ( ! eighte5?-c5tury philosoph]s1 sci5ce1 & lit]ature1 are simple en\gh4 ,l e wise man1 he felt t ! end ( all philosophy & sci5ce is emphatically social1 ! con/ruction & ma9t5ance & improvem5t ( a fabric "u :i* ! communities ( m5 may f9d %elt]1 & may secure all ! conditions = liv+ _! lives ) dignity & s]vice4 ,!n he held t no tru? c be h>mful to society4 ,if he f\nd any sy/em ( op9ions1 any giv5 attitude ( ! m9d1 injuri\s to tranquillity & ! public ord]1 he in/antly conclud$ t1 h[ev] plausible !y might seem :5 te/$ by logic & demon/ration1 !y 7 fundam5tally untrue & deceptive4 ,:at is logic comp>$ ) et]nal salvation 9 ! next _w1 & ! practice ( virtue 9 ?is8 ,! recomm5dation ( su* a m9d z ,de ,mai/re's is ! int5sity ( its appreciation ( ord] & social happ9ess4 ,! obvi\s weakness ( su* a m9d1 & ! curse inh]5t 9 its influ5ce1 is t x ov]looks ! prime condition ( all2 t social ord] c nev] be e/abli%$ on a durable basis s long z ! discov]ies ( sci5tific tru? 9 all its dep>tm5ts are suppress$1 or incorrectly appreciat$1 or socially misappli$4 ,de ,mai/re did n p]ceive t ! cause :i* he support$ 0 no long] ! cause ( peace & tranquillity & "r liv+1 b 0 9 a /ate ( absolute & f9al decomposition1 & !re=e 0 ! cause ( disord] & bl9d wrong liv+4 ,( ?is we %all n[ see m4 ,,footnotes3 #c ,soires de ,sa9t ,pt]sb\rg 7#h? ed4 #ahfb71 vol4 i4 pp4 #bch-bdc4 #d ,soires de ,sa9t ,pt]sb\rg1 #f;ime entreti51 i4 #cig-ddb4 #e ,ib4 7#h? ed4 #ahfb7 vol4 i4 p4 #djc4 #f ,soires1 i4 #gf #g ,de ,mai/re f\nd a curi\sly *>act]i/ic k9d ( support = ?is view 9 ! fact t evils are call$ flaux3 flails are ?+s to beat )3 s evils mu/ be ?+s ) :i* m5 are beat52 & z we %\ld n be beat5 if we did n des]ve x1 argal1 suff]+ is a m]it$ puni%m5t4 ,ap>t f t common infirmity :i* leads p aft] !y h discov]$ an analogy betwe5 two ?+s1 to argue f ! prop]ties ( ! "o to ^? ( ! o!r1 z if1 in/ead ( be+ analog\s1 !y 7 id5tical1 ,de ,mai/re 0 p>ticul>ly fond ( inf]r+ moral tru?s f etymologies4 ,he has an argum5t = ! det]ioration ( man1 drawn f ! fact t ! ,romans express$ 9 ! same ^w1 supplicium1 ! two ideas ( pray] & puni%m5t 7,soires1 #b;ime entreti51 i4 p4 #ajh74 ,8 pr(undity z an etymologi/ may be ga!r$ f 8 analysis ( cadav]3 ca-ro1 da-ta1 v]-mibus4 ,!re are _m o!rs ( ! same quality4 #h ,gibbon1 c4 xlvi4 vol4 v4 #che4 #i ,see ! ,exam5 de la ,philosophie de ,bacon1 vol4 ii4 #eh et seq4 ,,iii4 ,:5 ! wat]s ( ! deluge ( '#hi began to assuage1 ! be/ m9ds soon satisfi$ !mselves t ! ev5t :i* ,bonap>te's re/oration ( ord] enabl$ !m to look back ^u ) a c]ta9 tranquillity & a c]ta9 complet5ess1 _h be5 nei!r m nor less ?an a new irruption ( b>b>ians into ! ,european _w4 ,! mon>*y1 ! nobles1 & ! ,*ur*1 ) all ! ideas t gave ea* ( !m life & p[]1 _h fall5 be=e a!i/s & ,jacob9s1 z ! anci5t empire ( ,rome _h fall5 be=e ,huns & ,go?s1 ,v&als & ,lomb>ds4 ,! lead]s ( ! revolution _h succe$$ "o ano!r1 z ,attila _h come aft] ,al>ic1 & z ,g5s]ic _h be5 foll[$ by ,odoac]4 ,! problem :i* pres5t$ itself 0 n new 9 ! hi/ory ( we/]n civilisation2 ! same dissolution ( old bonds :i* p]plex$ ! =emo/ m5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 _h di/ract$ _! pr$ecessors f ! fif? to ! eigh?1 ?\gh _! conditions & circum/ances 7 widely diff]5t4 ,! practical "q 9 bo? cases 0 j ! same--h[ to e/abli% a /able social ord] :i*1 re/+ on pr9ciples t %\ld comm& ! ass5t ( all1 might secure ! co-op]ation ( all = its h>moni\s & effici5t ma9t5ance1 & might (f] a firm basis = ! highe/ & be/ life t ! moral & intellectual /ate ( ! "t all[$4 ,!re 7 two c\rses op51 or :i* seem$ to be op51 9 ?is gigantic ent]prise ( recon/ruct+ a society4 ,"o ( !m 0 to treat ! case ( ! eighte5? c5tury z if x 7 n m]ely simil> to1 b exactly id5tical )1 ! case ( ! fif?1 & z if exactly ! same =ces :i* _h knit ,we/]n ,europe toge!r into a compact civilisation a ?\s& ye>s be=e1 w\ld aga9 suffice = a second consolidation4 ,*ri/ianity1 ris+ ) ! zeal & /r5g? ( y\? out ( ! ru9s ( ! ,empire1 & feudalism by ! ne$ ( self-pres]vation impos+ a =m ^u ! un%ap5 associations ( ! b>b>ians1 _h betwe5 !m compact$ ! f\ndations & re>$ ! fabric ( m$ival life4 ,:y1 _m m5 ask$ !mselves1 %\ld n ,*ri/ian & feudal ideas repeat _! great a*ievem5t1 & be ! means ( reorganis+ ! sy/em :i* a bl9d rebellion aga9/ !m _h ?r[n into deplorable & fatal confusion8 ,let ! c5tury :i* _h come to su* an end be reg>d$ z a my/]i\sly int]calat$ episode1 & no m1 9 ! long drama ( fai? & sov]eign ord]4 ,let x pass z a sombre & pe/il5t /ream1 ^: f\nta9s no man %\ld discov]1 ^: wat]s _h = a season m+l$ ) ! mighti] curr5t ( ! div9ely allott$ de/9y ( ! race1 & _h !n ga!r$ !mselves ap>t & fl[$ (f1 to end z !y _h begun1 9 ! /agnation & b>r5ness ( ! des]t4 ,philosoph]s & m5 ( lett]s1 a/ronom]s & *emi/s1 a!i/s & republicans1 _h %[n t !y 7 only p[]ful to de/roy1 z ! ,go?s & ! ,v&als _h be54 ,!y _h %[n t !y 7 impot5t1 z ! ,go?s & ! ,v&als _h be51 9 build+ up aga94 ,let m5 turn _! faces1 !n1 once m to t sy/em by :i* 9 ! anci5t times ,europe _h be5 deliv]$ f a relapse into et]nal night4 ,! second c\rse 0 v diff]5t f ?is4 ,! m9ds to :om x comm5d$ itself 7 ca/ 9 a diff]5t m\ld & drew _! inspiration f o!r traditions4 ,9 _! view ! sy/em :i* ! ,*ur* _h be5 ! ma9 ag5cy 9 organis+1 _h fall5 q z mu* f its own irrem$iable weakness z f ! direct onslaughts ( assailants )9 & )\t4 ,! b>b>ians _h ru%$ 91 x 0 true1 9 #agic2 b ?is "t x 0 ! ,*ur* & feudalism :i* 7 9 ! position ( ! old empire on ^: ru9s !y _h built4 ,:at _h once re/or$ ord] & belief to ! ,we/1 0 n[ 9 its own turn ov]tak5 by decay & dissolution4 ,to look to !m to unite ^! new b>b>ians 9 a /able & vigor\s civilisation1 because !y _h organis$ ,europe ( old1 0 z infatuat$ z x w\ld h be5 to expect ! lat] emp]ors to equal ! exploits ( ! ,republic & _! greate/ pr$ecessors 9 ! purple4 ,to despise philosoph]s & m5 ( sci5ce 0 only to play ov] aga9 9 a new dress ! v "p :i* ,julian _h enact$ 9 ! face ( nasc5t ,*ri/ianity4 ,! eighte5? c5tury1 in/ead ( be+ t home ( mal>ia :i* ! ,ca?olic & ,royali/ p>ty repres5t$1 0 9 tru? ! se$-gr\nd ( a new & bett] future4 ,its ideas 7 to furni% ! mat]ial & ! implem5ts by :i* %\ld be repair$ ! t]rible brea*es & *asms 9 ,european ord] t _h be5 made alike by despots & ,jacob9s1 by prie/s & a!i/s1 by ari/ocrats & sans-culottes4 ,amid/ all ! demolition ^u :i* its lead+ m9ds _h be5 s zeal\sly b5t1 !y _h be5 animat$ by ! w>me/ love ( social ju/ice1 ( human fre$om1 ( equal rights1 & by ! mo/ f]v5t & s9c]e long+ to make a nobl] happ9ess m univ]sally atta9able by all ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,x 0 to ^! great pr9ciples t we ought eag]ly to turn1 to lib]ty1 to equality1 to bro!rhood1 if we wi%$ to a*ieve be=e ! new invad]s a "w ( civilisation & social recon/ruction1 su* z ,ca?olicism & feudalism _h a*iev$ = ! multitud9\s invad]s ( old4 ,su* 0 ! diff]5ce :i* divid$ op9ion :5 m5 took he>t to survey ! appall+ sc5e ( moral desolation t ! cataclysm ( '#ic _h left beh9d4 ,we may admire ! c\rage ( ei!r s*ool4 ,= if ! consci5ce ( ! ,lib]als 0 oppress$ by ! sangu9>y trag$y 9 :i* fre$om & bro!rhood & ju/ice _h be5 consummat$1 ! ,ca?olic & ! ,royali/ 7 j z sorely burd5$ ) ! weight ( k+ly bas5esses & prie/ly hypocrisies4 ,if ! "o _h "s difficulty 9 int]pret+ ,jacob9ism & ! ,t]ror1 ! o!r 0 /ill m sev]ely press$ to int]pret ! fact & orig9 & mean+ ( ! ,revolution2 if ! ,lib]al _h ,m>at & ,hb]t1 ! ,royali/ _h ,lewis ,,xv41 & ! ,ca?olic _h ,dubois & ,de ,rohan4 ,ea* s*ool c\ld intrepidly hurl back ! taunts ( its enemy1 & nei!r ( !m did full ju/ice to ! /rong side ( ! o!r4 ,yet we :o are1 9 ,engl& at all ev5ts1 remov$ a little aside f ! c5tre ( ?is great battle1 may p]ceive t at t "t bo? ( ! cont5d+ ho/s f\ght "u hon\rable bann]s1 & c\ld inscribe ^u _! %ields a rational & intelligible device4 ,inde$1 unless ! mod]n ,lib]al admits ! /r5g? inh]5t 9 ! cause ( 8 enemies1 x is impossible = him to expla9 to himself ! duration & ob/9acy ( ! conflict1 ! sl[ advance & occasional repulse ( ! ho/ 9 :i* he has enli/$1 & ! t>dy progress t ,lib]alism has made 9 t /up5d\s recon/ruction :i* ! ,revolution has =c$ ! mod]n political ?9k] to m$itate ^u1 & ! mod]n /atesman to fur!r & control4 ,de ,mai/re1 f ^? g5]al ideas z to ! me?od ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 ( :i* we h already se5 some?+1 _h =m$ :at he conceiv$ to be a p]fectly satisfactory way ( acc\nt+ = ! eighte5? c5tury & its t]rific climax4 ,! w ( man is left free2 he acts contr>y to ! w ( ,god2 & !n ,god exacts ! %$d+ ( blood z ! p5alty4 ,s mu* = ! pa/4 ,! only hope ( ! future lay 9 an imm$iate return to ! sy/em :i* ,god himself _h e/abli%$1 & 9 ! re/oration ( t spiritual p[] :i* _h presid$ ov] ! recon/ruction ( ,europe 9 d>k] & m *aotic times ?an ev5 ^!4 ,?\gh1 p]haps1 he n[h]e expresses himself on ?is po9t 9 a di/9ct =mula1 ,de ,mai/re 0 firmly impress$ ) ! idea ( hi/oric unity & cont9uity4 ,he look$ ^u ! hi/ory ( ! ,we/ 9 its integrity1 & 0 entirely free f any?+ l t disa/r\s k9d ( misconception :i* makes ! ,engli% ,prote/ant treat ! long p]iod betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,m>t9 ,lu!r z a h[l+ wa/e1 or :i* makes "s ,am]icans omit f all acc\nt ! /ill long] p]iod ( human ef=t f ! crucifixion ( ,*ri/ to ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,! rise ( ! va/ /ructure ( ,we/]n civilisation dur+ & aft] ! dissolution ( ! ,empire1 pres5t$ itself to 8 m9d z a s+le & uni=m process1 ?\gh m>k$ 9 portions by tempor>y1 casual1 p>5!tical int]ruptions1 due to deprav$ w & disord]$ pride4 ,all ! dang]s to :i* ?is civilisation _h be5 expos$ 9 its infancy & gr[? 7 be=e 8 eyes4 ,fir/1 !re 7 ! h]esies ) :i* ! subtle & debas$ +5uity ( ! ,greeks _h /a9$ & di/ort$ ! great b simple my/]ies ( ! fai?4 ,!n came ! hordes ( invad]s f ! ,nor?1 sweep+ ) irresi/ible =ce ov] regions t ! weakness or c[>dice ( ! we>]s ( ! purple left def5celess be=e !m4 ,be=e ! nor!rn tribes _h settl$ 9 _! possessions1 & _h full "t to assimilate ! fai? & ! in/itutions :i* !y _h f\nd !re1 ! gr[+ organisation 0 m5ac$ by a m deadly p]il 9 ! incessant & /eady advance ( ! bloody & fanatical tribes f ! ,ea/4 ,& 9 ?is way ,de ,mai/re's m9d cont9u$ ! picture d[n to ! late/ days ( all1 :5 !re _h aris5 m5 :o1 d5y+ ,god & mock+ at ,*ri/1 7 b5t on ! de/ruction ( ! v f\ndations ( society1 & _h no?+ bett] to (f] ! human race ?an a mis]able return to a /ate ( nature4 ,z he ?us reproduc$ ?is long drama1 "o b5ign & c5tral figure 0 ev] pres5t1 *angeless 9 ! mid/ ( ceaseless *ange2 labori\sly build+ up ) pret]human pati5ce & pret]human sagacity1 :5 o!r p[]s1 "o aft] ano!r 9 evil succession1 7 madly rag+ to de/roy & to pull d[n2 ?9k+ only ( ! great int]e/s ( ord] & civilisation1 ( :i* x _h be5 con/itut$ ! et]nal protector1 & %[+ its div9e orig9 & inspiration alike by its unfail+ wisdom & its unfail+ b5evol5ce4 ,x is ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff :o ?us /&s =? ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( ,europe1 z ! great ,demiurgus ( univ]sal civilisation4 ,if ! ,pope _h fill$ only su* a position z ! ,patri>* held at ,con/ant9ople1 or if !re _h be5 no ,pope1 & ,*ri/ianity _h dep5d$ exclusively on ! ,ea/ = its propagation1 ) no great spiritual organ 9 ! ,we/1 :at w\ld h become ( ,we/]n developm5t8 ,x 0 ! en]gy & resolution ( ! ,pontiffs :i* resi/$ ! h]esies ( ! ,ea/1 & pres]v$ to ! ,*ri/ian religion t pla9ness & intelligibility1 )\t :i* x w\ld nev] h made a way to ! rude und]/&+ & simple he>ts ( ! b>b>ians f ! ,nor?4 ,x 0 _! wise patriotism :i* protect$ ,italy aga9/ ,greek oppression1 & by act+ ! "p ( mayors ( ! palace to ! decrepit ,ea/]n emp]ors1 x 0 !y :o contriv$ to pres]ve ! indep5d5ce & ma9ta9 ! fabric ( society until ! appe>ance ( ! ,c>lov+ians1 9 :om1 ) ! rapid in/9ct ( true /atesm51 !y at once recognis$ ! f\nd]s ( a new empire ( ! ,we/4 ,if ! ,popes1 aga91 _h possess$ ov] ! ,ea/]n empire ! same au?ority t !y _h ov] ! ,we/]n1 !y w\ld h repuls$ n only ! ,s>ac5s1 b ! ,turks too1 & none ( ! evils :i* ^! nations h inflict$ on u w\ld ev] h tak5 place4#aj ,ev5 z x 01 :5 ! ,s>ac5s ?reat5$ ! ,we/1 ! ,popes 7 ! *ief ag5ts 9 organis+ resi/ance1 & giv+ _s & animation to ! def5d]s ( ,europe4 ,_! al]t vision saw t to cru% = ev] t =midable enemy1 x 0 n en\gh to def5d ourselves aga9/ 8 assaults2 we mu/ attack him at home4 ,! ,crusades1 vulg>ly treat$ z ! w>s ( a bl9d & sup]/iti\s piety1 7 9 tru? w>s ( high policy4 ,f ! ,c\ncil ( ,cl]mont d[n to ! fam\s day ( ,lepanto1 ! h& & _s ( ! ,pontiff 7 to be trac$ 9 e "p ( t trem5d\s /ruggle :i* prev5t$ ,europe f be+ h&$ ov] to ! tyranny1 ignorance1 & b>b>ism t h always be5 ! inevitable fruits ( ,mahometan conque/1 & _h already /amp$ out civilisation 9 ,asia ,m9or & ,pale/9e & ,greece1 once ! v g>d5 ( ! univ]se4 ,?is admirable & politic h]oism ( ! ,popes 9 ! face ( foes press+ f )\t1 ,de ,mai/re f\nd m ?an equall$ by _! wisdom1 c\rage1 & activity 9 organis+ & develop+ ! elem5ts ( a civilis$ sy/em )94 ,! maxim ( old societies _h be5 t :i* ,lucan puts into ! m\? ( ,cs>--humanum paucis vivit g5us4 ,a va/ population ( slaves _h be5 "o ( ! inevitable social conditions ( ! p]iod3 ! ,popes nev] re/$ f _! endeav\rs to bani% s]vitude f among ,*ri/ian nations4 ,wom5 9 old societies _h fill$ a mean & degrad$ place3 x 0 res]v$ = ! new spiritual p[] to rescue ! race f t vici\s circle 9 :i* m5 _h debas$ ! nature ( wom51 & wom5 _h giv5 back all ! weakness & p]v]sity !y _h receiv$ f m51 & to p]ceive t '! mo/ effectual way ( p]fect+ ! man is to ennoble & exalt ! woman4' ,! organisation ( ! prie/hood1 aga91 0 a ma/]piece ( practical wisdom4 ,su* an ord]1 remov$ f ! fi]ce or selfi% int]e/s ( ord9>y life by ! holy regulation ( celibacy1 & by ! au/]e discipl9e ( ! ,*ur*1 0 indisp5sable 9 ! mid/ ( su* a society z t :i* x 0 ! function ( ! ,*ur* to guide4 ,:o b ! memb]s ( an ord] ?us set ap>t1 act+ 9 /rict subord9ation to ! c5tral p[]1 & s pres5t+ a front ( unbrok5 spiritual unity1 c\ld h held _! way among tumultu\s tribes1 half-b>b>\s nobles1 & pr\d & unruly k+s1 prote/+ aga9/ wrong1 passionately inculcat+ new & high] ideas ( "r1 d5\nc+ ! d>kness ( ! false gods1 call+ on all m5 to wor%ip ! cross & adore ! my/]ies ( ! true ,god8 ,comp>e n[ ! impot5cy ( ! ,prote/ant mission>y1 squatt+ 9 gross com=t ) wife & babes among ! savages he has come to conv]t1 prea*+ a disputati\s doctr9e1 wrangl+ op5ly ) ! rival s5t by "s o!r sect--comp>e ?is impot5cy ) ! success t foll[s ! devot$ sons ( ! ,*ur*1 impress+ _! proselytes ) ! my/]i\s virtue ( _! cont95ce1 ! self-d5ial ( _! lives1 ! unity ( _! dogma & _! rites2 & !n recognise ! wisdom ( ^! great *ur*m5 :o creat$ a prie/hood aft] ?is mann] 9 ! days :5 e prie/ 0 z ! mission>y is n[4 ,f9ally1 x 0 ! occupants ( ! holy *air :o prep>$1 s(t5$1 "o might almo/ say sweet5$1 ! occupants ( ?rones2 x 0 to !m t ,provid5ce _h confid$ ! education ( ! sov]eigns ( ,europe4 ,! ,popes br\ght up ! y\? ( ! ,european mon>*y2 !y made x precisely 9 ! same way 9 :i* ,fnelon made ! ,duke ( ,burgundy4 ,9 ea* case ! task consi/$ 9 eradicat+ f a f9e "* an elem5t ( f]ocity t w\ld h ru9$ all4 ',ev]y?+ t con/ra9s a man /r5g!ns him4 ,he _c obey )\t p]fect+ himself2 & by ! m]e fact ( ov]com+ himself he is bett]4 ,any man w vanqui% ! mo/ viol5t passion at ?irty1 because at five or six y h taught him ( 8 own w to give up a play?+ or a sweetmeat4 ,t came to pass to ! mon>*y1 :i* happ5s to an individual :o has be5 well br\ght up4 ,! cont9u$ ef=ts ( ! ,*ur*1 direct$ by ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 did :at _h nev] be5 se5 be=e1 & :at w nev] be se5 aga9 :]e t au?ority is n recognis$4 ,ins5sibly1 )\t ?reats or laws or battles1 )\t viol5ce & )\t resi/ance1 ! great ,european *>t] 0 proclaim$1 n on pap] nor by ! voice ( public cri]s2 b 9 all ,european he>ts1 !n all ,ca?olic ,k+s surr5d] ! p[] ( judg+ by !mselves1 & nations 9 return decl>e k+s infallible & inviolable4 ,su* is ! fundam5tal law ( ! ,european mon>*y1 & x is ! "w ( ! ,popes4'#aa ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 is only ! ext]nal developm5t ( ,de ,mai/re's c5tral idea1 ! hi/orical corroboration ( a tru? to :i* he conducts u 9 ! fir/ in/ance by g5]al consid]ations4 ,assum+1 :at x is less & less *>act]i/ic ( ! pres5t c5tury at any rate to d5y1 t ,*ri/ianity 0 ! only actual =ce by :i* ! reg5]ation ( ,europe c\ld be effect$ aft] ! decl9e ( ! ,roman civilisation1 he insi/s t1 z he aga9 & aga9 expresses x1 ')\t ! ,pope !re is no v]itable ,*ri/ianity4' ,:at he meant by ?is cond5s$ =m ne$s a little explanation1 z is always ! case ) su* simple /atem5ts ( ! products ( long & complex reason+4 ,9 say+ t )\t ! ,pope !re is no true ,*ri/ianity1 :at he consid]$ himself z hav+ e/abli%$ 01 t unless !re be "s supreme & indep5d5t possessor ( au?ority to settle doctr9e1 to regulate discipl9e1 to give au!ntic c\nsel1 to apply accept$ pr9ciples to disput$ cases1 !n !re c be no su* ?+ z a religi\s sy/em :i* %all h p[] to b9d ! memb]s ( a va/ & n homog5e\s body 9 ! salut>y bonds ( a common civilisation1 nor to guide & in=m an univ]sal consci5ce4 ,9 ea* individual /ate ev]ybody admits ! absolute necessity ( hav+ "s sov]eign p[] :i* %all make1 decl>e1 & adm9i/] ! laws1 & f ^: action 9 any "o ( ^! aspects !re %all be no appeal2 a p[] t %all be /rong en\gh to protect ! rights & en=ce ! duties :i* x has au?oritatively proclaim$ & enjo9$4 ,9 free ,engl&1 z 9 despotic ,turkey1 ! privileges & obligations :i* ! law tol]ates or imposes1 & all ! b5efits :i* _! exi/5ce conf]s on ! community1 are ! creatures & conditions ( a supreme au?ority f :i* !re is no appeal1 :e!r ! in/rum5t by :i* ?is au?ority makes its w kn[n be an act ( p>liam5t or a ukase4 ,?is conception ( temporal sov]eignty1 especially famili>is$ to our g5]ation by ! tea*+ ( ,au/91 0 c>ri$ by ,de ,mai/re into discussions ^u ! limits ( ! ,papal p[] ) great +5uity & =ce1 &1 if we accept ! premisses1 ) great success4 ,x %\ld be said "h1 t ?r\gh\t 8 book on ! ,pope1 ,de ,mai/re talks ( ,*ri/ianity exclusively z a /atesman or a publici/ w\ld talk ab\t x2 n !ologically nor spiritually1 b politically & socially4 ,! "q ) :i* he conc]ns himself is ! utilisation ( ,*ri/ianity z a =ce to %ape & organise a sy/em ( civilis$ societies2 a /udy ( ! conditions "u :i* ?is utilisation _h tak5 place 9 ! e>li] c5turies ( ! era2 & a d$uction f !m ( ! conditions "u :i* we might ensure a repetition ( ! process 9 *ang$ mod]n circum/ance4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury m5 7 accu/om$ to ask ( ,*ri/ianity1 z ,prote/ants always ask ( s mu* ( ,ca?olicism z !y h dropp$1 :e!r or no x is true4 ,b aft] ! ,revolution ! "q *ang$1 & became an inquiry :e!r & h[ ,*ri/ianity c\ld contribute to ! recon/ruction ( society4 ,p ask$ less h[ true x 01 ?an h[ /rong x 02 less h[ _m unque/ion$ dogmas1 ?an h[ mu* social weight x _h or c\ld develop2 less z to ! precise am\nt & =m ( belief t w\ld save a s\l1 ?an z to ! way 9 :i* x might be expect$ to assi/ ! ,european community4 ,x 0 ! /r5g? ( ?is temp] 9 him :i* l$ to 8 extraord9>y dete/ation & contempt = ! ,greeks4 ,_! turn = pure speculation excit$ all 8 ang]4 ,9 a curi\s *apt]1 he exhau/s invective 9 d5\nc+ !m4#ab ,! s>casm ( ,sallu/ delights him1 t ! actions ( ,greece 7 v f9e1 v]um aliquanto m9ores quam fama f]untur4 ,_! milit>y glory 0 only a fla% ( ab\t a hundr$ & f\rte5 ye>s f ,m>a?on2 comp>e ?is ) ! prolong$ spl5d\r ( ,rome1 ,france1 & ,engl&4 ,9 philosophy !y display$ dec5t tal5t1 b ev5 "h _! true m]it is to h br\ght ! wisdom ( ,asia into ,europe1 = !y inv5t$ no?+4 ,greece 0 ! home ( syllogism & ( unreason4 ',read ,plato3 at e page y w draw a /rik+ di/9ction4 ,z (t5 z he is ,greek1 he we>ies y4 ,he is only great1 sublime1 p5etrat+1 :5 he is a !ologian2 9 o!r words1 :5 he is ann\nc+ positive & ev]la/+ dogmas1 free f all quibble1 & :i* are s cle>ly m>k$ ) ! ea/]n ca/1 t n to p]ceive x "o mu/ nev] h _h a glimpse ( ,asia4444 ,!re 0 9 him a sophi/ & a !ologian1 or1 if y *oose1 a ,greek & a ,*aldean4' ,! ,a!nians c\ld nev] p>don "o ( _! great lead]s1 all ( :om fell victims 9 "o %ape or ano!r to a temp] frivol\s z t ( a *ild1 f]oci\s z t ( m51--'espce de m\tons enrags1 t\j\rs m5s p> la nature1 et t\j\rs p> nature dvorant leurs b]g]s4' ,z = _! oratory1 '! tribune ( ,a!ns w\ld h be5 ! disgrace ( mank9d if ,phocion & m5 l him1 by occasionally asc5d+ x be=e dr9k+ ! hemlock or sett+ out = _! place ( exile1 _h n 9 "s sort balanc$ su* a mass ( loquacity1 extravagance1 & cruelty4'#ac ,x is v important to rememb] ?is con/ant solicitude = ideas t %\ld "w well1 9 connection ) t book ( ,de ,mai/re's :i* has _h mo/ influ5ce 9 ,europe1 by supply+ a base = ! !ories ( ultramontanism4 ,unless we p]ceive v cle>ly t ?r\gh\t 8 ard5t speculations on ! ,papal p[] 8 m9d 0 b5t ^u en=c+ ! practical solution ( a press+ social problem1 we easily misund]/& him & und]rate :at he _h to say4 ,a *>ge has be5 =cibly urg$ aga9/ him by an em95t ,engli% critic1 = example1 t he has conf\nd$ supremacy ) infallibility1 ?an :i*1 z ! writ] truly says1 no two ideas c be m p]fectly di/9ct1 "o be+ sup]iority ( =ce1 & ! o!r incapacity ( error4#ad ,de ,mai/re made logical blund]s 9 abundance q z bad z ?is1 b he 0 too acute1 ,i ?9k1 delib]ately to erect s elaborate a /ructure ^u a confusion s v obvi\s1 & t mu/ h />$ him 9 ! face f ! fir/ page ( 8 "w to ! la/4 ,if we look ^u 8 book z a m]e g5]al def5ce ( ! ,papacy1 design$ to inve/igate & =tify all its pret5sions "o by "o1 we %\ld h great "r to compla9 aga9/ hav+ two claims s ess5tially div]g5t1 treat$ z ?\gh !y 7 ! same ?+1 or c\ld be held 9 _! places by ! same supports4 ,b let u reg>d ! treatise on ! ,pope n z meant to conv9ce free-?9k]s or ,prote/ants t div9e grace inspires e decree ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 ?\gh t w\ld h be5 ! "r view ( x if x _h be5 writt5 fifty ye>s e>li]4 ,x 0 compos$ )9 ! fir/ tw5ty ye>s ( ! pres5t c5tury1 :5 ! univ]se1 to m5 ( ,de ,mai/re's /amp1 seem$ once m )\t =m & void4 ,8 object1 z he tells u m ?an once1 0 to f9d a way ( re/or+ a religion & a morality 9 ,europe2 ( giv+ to tru? ! =ces dem&$ = ! conque/s t %e 0 m$itat+2 ( /r5g!n+ ! ?rones ( sov]eigns1 & ( g5tly calm+ t g5]al f]m5tation ( _s :i* ?reat5$ mighti] evils ?an any t _h yet ov]:elm$ society4 ,f ?is po9t ( view we %all see t ! di/9ction betwe5 supremacy & infallibility 0 n wor? recognis+4 ,practically1 he says1 'infallibility is only a consequ5ce ( supremacy1 or r x is absolutely ! same ?+ "u two diff]5t names4444 ,9 effect x is ! same ?+1 9 practice1 n to be subject to error1 & n to be liable to be accus$ ( x4 ,?us1 ev5 if we %\ld agree t no div9e promise 0 made to ! ,pope1 he w\ld n be less infallible or deem$ s1 z ! f9al tribunal2 = e judgm5t f :i* y _c appeal is & mu/ be 7e/ et doit tre7 held = j 9 e human association1 "u any imag9able =m ( gov]nm5t2 & e true /atesman w und]/& me p]fectly1 :5 ,i say t ! po9t is to asc]ta9 n only if ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff is1 b if he mu/ be1 infallible4'#ae ,9 ano!r place he says di/9ctly en\gh t ! infallibility ( ! ,*ur* has two aspects2 9 "o ( !m x is ! object ( div9e promise1 9 ! o!r x is a human implication1 & t 9 ! latt] aspect infallibility is suppos$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 j 'z we are absolutely b\nd to suppose x1 ev5 9 temporal sov]eignties 7:]e x does n really exi/71 "u pa9 ( see+ society dissolv$4' ,! ,*ur* only dem&s :at o!r sov]eignties dem&1 ?\gh %e has ! imm5se sup]iority ov] !m ( hav+ h] claim back$ by direct promise f heav54#af ,take away ! dogma1 if y w1 he says1 & only consid] ! ?+ politically1 :i* is exactly :at he really does all ?r\gh ! book4 ,! pope1 f ?is po9t ( view1 asks = no o!r infallibility ?an t :i* is attribut$ to all sov]eigns4#ag ,)\t ei!r v9dicat+ or surr5d]+ ! sup]natural side ( ! ,papal claims1 he only insi/s ^u ! political1 social1 or human side ( x1 z an insep>able quality ( an admitt$ supremacy4#ah ,9 %ort1 f beg9n+ to end ( ?is speculation1 f :i* ! be/ k9d ( ultramontanism has drawn its def5ce1 he ev9ces a deprecatory anxiety--a v r>e temp] ) ,de ,mai/re--n to fight on ! issue ( ! dogma ( infallibility ov] :i* ,prote/ants & unbeliev]s h won an inf9ite numb] ( *eap victories2 t he leaves z a !me m fitt$ = ! disputations ( !ologians4 ,my position1 he seems to keep say+1 is t if ! ,pope is spiritually supreme1 !n he is virtually & practically z if he 7 infallible1 j 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t & mon>*1 & ! ,russian ,cz>1 are z if !y 7 infallible4 ,b let u n argue s mu* ab\t ?is1 :i* is only second>y4 ,! ma9 "q is :e!r )\t ! ,pope !re c be a true ,*ri/ianity1 't is to say1 a ,*ri/ianity1 active1 p[]ful1 conv]t+1 reg5]at+1 conqu]+1 p]fect+4' ,de ,mai/re 0 probably conduct$ to 8 !ory by an analogy1 :i* he tacitly lean$ ^u m /rongly ?an x c\ld well be>1 betwe5 temporal organisation & spiritual organisation4 ,9 in*oate communities1 ! mom5t>y self-int]e/ & ! promptly /irr$ passions ( m5 w\ld r5d ! gr[+ society 9 pieces1 unless !y 7 re/ra9$ by ! /rong h& ( law 9 "s %ape or o!r1 writt5 or unwritt51 & adm9i/]$ by an au?ority1 ei!r physically too /rong to be resi/$1 or else set up by ! common cons5t seek+ to fur!r ! g5]al conv5i5ce4 ,to divide ?is au?ority1 s t none %\ld "k :]e to look = a sov]eign decree1 nor be able to asc]ta9 ! comm&s ( sov]eign law2 to embody x 9 ! p]sons ( _m discordant exp\nd]s1 ea* assum+ oracul> weight & equal sanction2 to leave individuals to adm9i/] & int]pret x = !mselves1 & to decide among !mselves its application to _! own cases2 :at w\ld ?is be b a delib]ate prep>ation = an>*y & dissolution8 ,= x is "o ( ! cle> conditions ( ! efficacy ( ! social union1 t e memb] ( x %\ld be able to "k = c]ta9 ! t]ms on :i* he belongs to x1 ! compliances :i* x w insi/ ^u 9 him1 & ! compliances :i* x w 9 turn p]mit him to insi/ ^u 9 o!rs1 & !re=e x is indisp5sable t !re %\ld be "s def9ite & admitt$ c5tre :]e ?is v ess5tial k %\ld be accessible4 ,"s su* reflections z ^! mu/ h be5 at ! bottom ( ,de ,mai/re's great apology = ! ,papal supremacy1 or at any rate !y may s]ve to br+ be=e our m9ds ) great] cle>ness ! k9d ( f\ndations on :i* 8 s*eme re/$4 ,= law sub/itute ,*ri/ianity1 = social union spiritual union1 = legal obligations ! obligations ( ! fai?4 ,in/ead ( individuals b\nd toge!r by allegiance to common political in/itutions1 conceive communities unit$ 9 ! bonds ( religi\s bro!rhood into a sort ( univ]sal republic1 "u ! mod]ate supremacy ( a supreme spiritual p[]4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 ! int]v5tion ( ?is spiritual p[] :i* re/ra9$ ! an>*y1 int]nal & ext]nal1 ( ! f]oci\s & imp]fectly organis$ sov]eignties t figure 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( mod]n ,europe4 ,& z a matt] ( !ory1 :at c\ld be m rational & def5sible ?an su* an int]v5tion made sy/ematic1 ) its rightfulness & dis9t]e/$ness univ]sally recognis$8 ,grant ,*ri/ianity z ! spiritual basis ( ! life & action ( mod]n communities2 support+ bo? ! organis$ /ructure ( ea* ( !m1 & ! int]dep5d5t sy/em compos$ ( !m all2 accept$ by ! individual memb]s ( ea*1 & by ! integral bodies =m+ ! :ole4 ,b :o %all decl>e :at ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e is1 & h[ its maxims be> ^u special cases1 & :at oracles !y ann\nce 9 p>ticul> sets ( circum/ances8 ,amid ! turbul5ce ( popul> passion1 9 face ( ! cru%+ despotism ( an ins5sate tyrant1 betwe5 ! furi\s hatr$ ( jeal\s nations or ! viol5t ambition ( rival sov]eigns1 :at likelihood w\ld !re be ( ei!r p>ty to ! cont5tion yield+ tranquilly & promptly to any pres5tation ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ made by ! o!r1 or by "s suspect$ neutral z a decisive au?ority betwe5 !m8 ,obvi\sly !re mu/ be "s supreme & indisputable int]pret]1 be=e ^: f9al decree ! tyrant %\ld quail1 ! flood ( popul> lawlessness fl[ back )9 its accu/om$ banks1 & cont5d+ sov]eigns or jeal\s nations frat]nally embrace4 ,aga91 9 ^? que/ions ( fai? & discipl9e1 :i* ! ill-ex]cis$ +5uity ( m5 is = ev] rais+ & press+ ^u ! att5tion ( ,*ri/5dom1 x is j z obvi\s t !re mu/ be "s tribunal to pron\nce an au?oritative judgm5t4 ,o!rwise1 ea* nation is torn into sects2 & amid ! ?rong ( sects :]e is unity8 ',to ma9ta9 t a cr[d ( indep5d5t *ur*es =m a *ur*1 "o & univ]sal1 is to ma9ta9 9 o!r t]ms t all ! political gov]nm5ts ( ,europe only =m a s+le gov]nm5t1 "o & univ]sal4' ,!re c\ld no m be a k+dom ( ,france )\t a k+1 nor an empire ( ,russia )\t an emp]or1 ?an !re c\ld be "o univ]sal *ur* )\t an ackn[l$g$ head4 ,t ?is head mu/ be ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 is decl>$ alike by ! voice ( tradition1 ! explicit te/imony ( ! e>ly writ]s1 ! repeat$ utt]ances ( lat] !ologians ( all s*ools1 & t g5]al s5tim5t :i* presses itself ^u e consci5ti\s read] ( religi\s hi/ory4 ,! argum5t t ! voice ( ! ,*ur* is to be s\ght 9 g5]al c\ncils is absurd4 ,to ma9ta9 t a c\ncil has any o!r function ?an to assure & c]tify ! ,pope1 :5 he *ooses to /r5g!n 8 judgm5t or to satisfy 8 d\bts1 is to de/roy visible unity4 ,suppose !re to be an equal division ( votes1 z happ5$ 9 ! fam\s case ( ,fnelon1 & might z well happ5 9 a g5]al c\ncil1 ! d\bt w\ld aft] all be solv$ by ! f9al vote ( ! ,pope4 ,& ':at is d\btful = tw5ty select$ m5 is d\btful = ! :ole human race4 ,^? :o suppose t by multiply+ ! delib]at+ voices d\bt is less5$1 mu/ h v little k ( m51 & c nev] h sat 9 a delib]ative body4' ,aga91 suppos+ !re to pres5t itself "o ( ^? que/ions ( div9e metaphysics t x is absolutely necess>y to ref] to ! decision ( ! supreme tribunal4 ,!n our int]e/ is n t x %\ld be decid$ 9 su* or su* a mann]1 b t x %\ld be decid$ )\t delay & )\t appeal4 ,besides1 ! _w is n[ gr[n too va/ = g5]al c\ncils1 :i* seem to be made only = ! y\? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 f9e1 :y pursue futile or mis*iev\s discussions z to :e!r ! ,pope is above ! ,c\ncil or ! ,c\ncil above ! ,pope8 ,9 ord9>y que/ions 9 :i* a k+ is consci\s ( suffici5t light1 he decides !m himself1 :ile ! o!rs 9 :i* he is n consci\s ( ?is light1 he transf]s to ! ,/ates-,g5]al presid$ ov] by himself1 b he is equally sov]eign 9 ei!r case4 ,s ) ! ,pope & ! ,c\ncil4 ,let u be cont5t to "k1 9 ! words ( ,?omass91#ai t '! ,pope 9 ! mid/ ( 8 ,c\ncil is above himself1 & t ! ,c\ncil decapitat$ ( its *ief is bel[ him4' ,! po9t s con/antly dwelt ^u by ,bossuet1 ! obligation ( ! canons ^u ! ,pope1 0 ( v little wor? 9 ,de ,mai/re's judgm5t1 & he almo/ speaks ) disrespect ( ! great ,ca?olic def5d] = be+ s prolix & p]t9aci\s 9 elaborat+ x4 ,"h aga9 he f9ds 9 ,?omass9 ! mo/ concise /atem5t ( :at he held to be ! true view1 j z he does 9 ! controv]sy z to ! relative sup]iority ( ! ,pope or ! ,c\ncil4 ',!re is only an app>5t contradiction1' says ,?omass91 'betwe5 say+ t ! ,pope is above ! canons1 & t he is b\nd by !m2 t he is ma/] ( ! canons1 or t he is n4 ,^? :o place him above ! canons or make him _! ma/]1 only pret5d t he has a disp5s+ p[] ov] !m2 :ile ^? :o d5y t he is above ! canons or is _! ma/]1 mean no m ?an t he c only ex]cise a disp5s+ p[] = ! conv5i5ce & 9 ! necessities ( ! ,*ur*4' ,?is is an excell5t illu/ration ( ! ?or\ghly political temp] 9 :i* ,de ,mai/re treats ! :ole subject4 ,he looks at ! p[] ( ! ,pope ov] ! canons mu* z a mod]n ,engli% /atesman looks at ! "q ( ! coronation oa?1 & ! ext5t to :i* x b9ds ! mon>* to ! ma9t5ance ( ! laws exi/+ at ! "t ( its imposition4 ,9 ! same _s he bani%es f all acc\nt ! cr[d ( nons5sical objections to ,papal supremacy1 drawn f imag9>y possibilities4 ,suppose a ,pope1 = example1 7 to aboli% all ! canons at a s+le /roke2 suppose him to become an unbeliev]2 suppose him to g mad2 & s =?4 ',:y1' ,de ,mai/re says1 '!re is n 9 ! :ole _w a s+le p[] 9 a condition to be> all possible & arbitr>y hypo!ses ( ?is sort2 & if y judge !m by :at !y c d1 )\t speak+ ( :at !y h done1 !y w h to be aboli%$ e "o4'#bj ,?is1 x may be wor? notic+1 is "o ( ! _m passages 9 ,de ,mai/re's writ+s :i*1 bo? 9 ! solidity ( _! argum5t & ! direct =ce ( _! expression1 recall 8 great pr$ecessor 9 ! anti-revolution>y cause1 ! ev]-illu/ri\s ,burke4 ,! vig\r ) :i* ,de ,mai/re sums up all ^! pleas = supremacy is v rem>kable2 & to ! cr[d ( enemies & indiff]5ts1 & especially to ! /atesm5 :o are among !m1 he appeals ) admirable en]gy4 ',:at d y want1 !n8 ,d y mean t ! nations %\ld live )\t any religion1 & d y n beg9 to p]ceive t a religion !re mu/ be8 ,& does n ,*ri/ianity1 n only by its intr9sic wor? b because x is 9 possession1 /rike y z pref]able to e o!r8 ,h y be5 bett] cont5t$ ) o!r attempts 9 ?is way8 ,p]adv5ture ! twelve apo/les might please y bett] ?an ! ,!ophilan?ropi/s & ,m>t9i/s8 ,does ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt seem to y a passable code ( morals8 ,& if ! entire p 7 to regulate _! conduct on ?is model1 %\ld y be cont5t8 ,i fancy t ,i he> y reply affirmatively4 ,well1 s9ce ! only object n[ is to ma9ta9 ?is religion = :i* y ?us decl>e y\r pref]5ce1 h[ c\ld y h1 ,i d n say ! /upidity1 b ! cruelty1 to turn x into a democracy1 & to place ?is preci\s deposit 9 ! h&s ( ! rabble8 ',y atta* too mu* importance to ! dogmatic "p ( ?is religion4 ,by :at /range contradiction w\ld y desire to agitate ! univ]se = "s academic quibble1 = mis]able wrangl+s ab\t m]e words 7^! are y\r own t]ms78 ,is x s !n t m5 are l$8 ,w y call ! ,bi%op ( ,quebec & ! ,bi%op ( ,luon to int]pret a l9e ( ! ,cate*ism8 ,t believ]s %\ld qu>rel ab\t infallibility is :at ,i "k1 = ,i see x2 b t /atesm5 %\ld qu>rel 9 ! same way ab\t ?is great privilege1 is :at ,i %all nev] be able to conceive4444 ,t all ! bi%ops 9 ! _w %\ld be convok$ to det]m9e a div9e tru? necess>y to salvation--no?+ m natural1 if su* a me?od is indisp5sable2 = no ef=t1 no tr\ble1 ought to be sp>$ = s exalt$ an aim4 ,b if ! only po9t is ! e/abli%m5t ( "o op9ion 9 ! place ( ano!r1 !n ! travell+ exp5ses ( ev5 "o s+le ,infallible are %e] wa/e4 ,if y want to sp>e ! two mo/ valuable ?+s on e>?1 "t & money1 make all ha/e to write to ,rome1 9 ord] to procure !nce a lawful decision :i* %all decl>e ! unlawful d\bt4 ,no?+ m is ne$$2 policy asks no m4'#ba ,def9itely1 !n1 ! influ5ce ( ! ,popes re/or$ to _! anci5t supremacy w\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ! r5ewal & consolidation ( social ord] re/+ on ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 some:at aft] ?is mann]4 ,! an>*ic dogma ( ! sov]eignty ( peoples1 hav+ fail$ to d any?+ beyond %[+ t ! greate/ evils result+ f ob$i5ce d n equal ! ?\s&? "p ( ^? :i* result f rebellion1 w\ld be sup]s$$ by ! practice ( appeals to ! au?ority ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,d n suppose t ! ,revolution is at an end1 or t ! column is replac$ because x is rais$ up f ! gr\nd4 ,a man mu/ be bl9d n to see t all ! sov]eignties 9 ,europe are gr[+ weak2 on all sides confid5ce & affection are des]t+ !m2 sects & ! _s ( individualism are multiply+ !mselves 9 an appall+ mann]4 ,!re are only two alt]natives3 y mu/ ei!r purify ! w ( m51 or else y mu/ en*a9 x2 ! mon>* :o w n d ! fir/1 mu/ enslave 8 subjects or p]i%2 s]vitude or spiritual unity is ! only *oice op5 to nations4 ,on ! "o h& is ! gross & unre/ra9$ tyranny ( :at 9 mod]n phrase is /yl$ ,imp]ialism1 & on ! o!r a wise & b5evol5t modification ( temporal sov]eignty 9 ! int]e/s ( all by an e/abli%$ & accept$ spiritual p[]4 ,no middle pa? lies be=e ! p ( ,europe4 ,temporal absolutism we mu/ h4 ,! only "q is :e!r or no x %all be modifi$ by ! wise1 dis9t]e/$1 & mod]at+ c\nsels ( ! ,*ur*1 z giv5 by h] consecrat$ *ief4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re c be v little d\bt t ! effective way 9 :i* ,de ,mai/re prop\nd$ & v9dicat$ ?is !ory made a deep impression on ! m9d ( ,comte4 ,v e>ly 9 8 c>e] ?is em95t man _h decl>$3 ',de ,mai/re has = me ! peculi> prop]ty ( help+ me to e/imate ! philosophic capacity ( p1 by ! repute 9 :i* !y hold him4' ,among 8 o!r reasons at t "t = ?9k+ well ( ,m4 ,guizot 0 t1 not)/&+ 8 transc5d5t ,prote/antism1 he compli$ ) ! te/ ( appreciat+ ,de ,mai/re4#bb ,comte's rapidly assimilative intellig5ce p]ceiv$ t "h at la/ !re 0 a def9ite1 consi/5t1 & intelligible s*eme = ! reorganisation ( ,european society1 ) him ! great end ( philosophic endeav\r4 ,its pr9ciple ( ! division ( ! spiritual & temporal p[]s1 & ( ! relation t ought to subsi/ betwe5 ! two1 0 ! base ( ,comte's own s*eme4 ,9 g5]al =m ! plans ( social recon/ruction are id5tical2 9 sub/ance1 x ne$ sc>cely be said1 ! diff]5ces are fundam5tal4 ,! temporal p[]1 accord+ to ,comte's design1 is to reside ) indu/rial *iefs1 & ! spiritual p[] to re/ ^u a doctr9e sci5tifically e/abli%$4 ,de ,mai/re1 on ! o!r h&1 believ$ t ! old au?ority ( k+s & ,*ri/ian pontiffs 0 div9e1 & any attempt to sup]s$e x 9 ei!r case w\ld h seem$ to him z desp]ate z x seem$ impi\s4 ,9 8 /range speculation on ,le ,pr9cipe ,gnrateur des ,con/itutions ,politiques1 he cont5ds t all laws 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w 7:i* by ! way happ5s to be decid$ly an arbitr>y & exclusive s5se7 are ( sup]natural orig91 & t ! only p]sons :om we h any "r to call legislators1 are ^? half-div9e m5 :o appe> my/]i\sly 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( nations1 & c\nt]p>ts to :om we nev] meet 9 lat] days4 ,else:]e he ma9ta9s to ! same effect1 t royal families 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w 'are gr[?s ( nature1 & diff] f o!rs1 z a tree diff]s f a %rub4' ,p suppose a family to be royal because x reigns2 on ! contr>y1 x reigns because x is royal1 because x has m life1 plus d'esprit royal--surely z my/]i\s & occult a =ce z ! virtus dormitiva ( opium4 ,! common life ( man is ab\t ?irty ye>s2 ! av]age duration ( ! reigns ( ,european sov]eigns1 be+ ,*ri/ian1 is at ! v l[e/ calculation tw5ty4 ,h[ is x possible t 'lives %\ld be only ?irty ye>s1 & reigns f tw5ty-two to tw5ty-five1 if pr9ces _h n m common life ?an o!r m58' ,m>k aga91 ! influ5ce ( religion 9 ! duration ( sov]eignties4 ,all ! ,*ri/ian reigns are long] ?an all ! non-,*ri/ian reigns1 anci5t & mod]n1 & ,ca?olic reigns h be5 long] ?an ,prote/ant reigns4 ,! reigns 9 ,engl&1 :i* av]ag$ m ?an tw5ty-?ree ye>s be=e ! ,re=mation1 h only be5 sev5te5 ye>s s9ce t1 & ^? ( ,sw$51 :i* 7 tw5ty-two1 h fall5 to ! same figure ( sev5te54 ,d5m>k1 h[ev]1 = "s unkn[n cause does n appe> to h und]gone ?is law ( abbreviation2 s1 says ,de ,mai/re ) r unwont$ re/ra9t1 let u ab/a9 f g5]alis+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ! g5]alisation 0 complete 9 8 own m9d1 & !re 0 no?+ inconsi/5t ) 8 view ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! univ]se 9 ! fact t a ,ca?olic pr9ce %\ld live long] ?an a ,prote/ant2 inde$ su* a fact 0 ! natural condition ( 8 view be+ true4 ,_m diff]5ces among ! p :o hold to ! !ological int]pretation ( ! circum/ances ( life arise f ! diff]5t degrees ( activity :i* !y v>i\sly attribute to ! int]v5tion ( ,god1 f ^? :o expla9 ! fall ( a sp>r[ to ! gr\nd by a special & direct en]gy ( ! div9e w1 up to ^? at ! opposite end ( ! scale1 :o ?9k t direct p>ticipation end$ :5 ! univ]se 0 once fairly laun*$4 ,de ,mai/re 0 ( ^? :o see ! div9e h& on e side & at all times4 ,if1 !n1 ,prote/antism 0 a p]nici\s rebellion aga9/ ! fai? :i* ,god _h provid$ = ! com=t & salvation ( m51 :y %\ld n ,god be likely to visit pr9ces1 z (f5d]s ) ! lea/ excuse = _! backslid+s1 ) ! curse ( %ortness ( days8 ,9 a tr5*ant passage ,de ,mai/re has exp\nd$ ! ,prote/ant confession ( fai?1 & %[n :at a/\nd+ gaps x leaves z an int]pretation ( ! deal+s ( ,god ) man4 ',by virtue ( a t]rible ana!ma1' he supposes ! ,prote/ant to say1 'inexplicable no d\bt1 b mu* less inexplicable ?an inconte/able1 ! human race lo/ all its rights4 ,plung$ 9 mortal d>kness1 x 0 ignorant ( all1 s9ce x 0 ignorant ( ,god2 &1 be+ ignorant ( him1 x c\ld n pray to him1 s t x 0 spiritually dead )\t be+ able to ask = life4 ,arriv$ by rapid degradation at ! la/ /age ( debasem5t1 x outrag$ nature by its mann]s1 its laws1 ev5 by its religions4 ,x consecrat$ all vices1 x wall[$ 9 fil?1 & its depravation 0 su* t ! hi/ory ( ^? times =ms a dang]\s picture1 :i* x is n good = all m5 s mu* z to look ^u4 ,god1 h[ev]1 hav+ dissembl$ = =ty c5turies1 be?\ght him ( 8 creation4 ,at ! appo9t$ mom5t ann\nc$ f all "t1 he did n despise a virg9's womb2 he clo!d himself 9 our unhappy nature1 & appe>$ on ! e>?2 we saw him1 we t\*$ him1 he spoke to u2 he liv$1 he taught1 he suff]$1 he di$ = u4 ,he arose f 8 tomb accord+ to 8 promise2 he appe>$ aga9 among u1 solemnly to assure to 8 ,*ur* a succ\r t w\ld la/ z long z ! _w4 ',b1 alas1 ?is ef=t ( almighty b5evol5ce 0 a long way f secur+ all ! success t _h be5 =etold4 ,= lack ( k1 or ( /r5g?1 or by di/raction maybe1 ,god miss$ 8 aim1 & c\ld n keep 8 ^w4 ,less sage ?an a *emi/ :o %\ld und]take to %ut up e!r 9 canvas or pap]1 he only confid$ to m5 ! tru? t he _h br\ght ^u ! e>?2 x escap$1 !n1 z "o might h =ese51 by all human pores2 soon1 ?is holy religion reveal$ to man by ! ,man-,god1 became no m ?an an infam\s idolatry1 :i* w\ld rema9 to ?is v mom5t if ,*ri/ianity aft] sixte5 c5turies _h n be5 sudd5ly br\ght back to its orig9al purity by a c\ple ( sorry creatures4'#bc ,p]haps x w\ld be easi] ?an he suppos$ to pres5t 8 own sy/em 9 an equally irrational aspect4 ,if y measure ! proce$+s ( omnipot5ce by ! uses to :i* a wise & b5evol5t man w\ld put su* sup]human p[]1 if we c imag9e a man ( ?is k9d end[$ ) x1 ,de ,mai/re's !ory ( ! ext5t to :i* a supreme be+ int]f]es 9 human ?+s1 is aft] all only a degree less ridicul\s & illogical1 less inadequate & abundantly assailable1 ?an t ,prote/antism :i* he s he>tily despis$4 ,w\ld x be difficult1 aft] borr[+ ! acc\nt1 :i* we h j read1 ( ! trem5d\s ef=ts made by a b5ign creator to %$ moral & spiritual light ^u ! _w1 to p]plex ! ,ca?olic z bitt]ly z ! ,prote/ant1 by confront+ him bo? ) ! comp>atively scanty results ( ^? ef=ts1 & ) ! too visible t5d5cies ( all ! =emo/ ag5cies 9 mod]n civilisation to leave !m out ( acc\nt z =ces practically sp5t8 99 99 99 99 99 ,de ,mai/re has be5 surpass$ by no ?9k] t we "k ( z a def5d] ( ! old ord]4 ,if anybody c\ld rationalise ! idea ( sup]natural int]v5tion 9 human affairs1 ! idea ( a ,papal supremacy1 ! idea ( a spiritual unity1 ,de ,mai/re's acut5ess & intellectual vig\r1 &1 above all1 8 ke5 s5se ( ! urg5t social ne$ ( su* a ?+ be+ done1 w\ld assur$ly h enabl$ him to d x4 ,9 #ahag1 :5 he wrote ! "w 9 :i* ?is task is attempt$1 ! hopelessness ( su* an a*ievem5t 0 less obvi\s ?an x is n[4 ,! ,b\rbons _h be5 re/or$4 ,! ,revolution lay 9 a deep slumb] t _m p]sons excusably took = ! quiesc5ce ( ext9ction4 ,legitimacy & ! spiritual sy/em t 0 its ally 9 ! face ( ! ,revolution1 ?\gh mo/ly its rival or foe :5 !y 7 left alone toge!r1 seem$ to be re/or$ to ! fulness ( _! p[]4 ,fifty ye>s h elaps$ s9ce !n1 & ea* ye> has se5 a progressive decay 9 ! pr9ciples :i* !n 7 triumphant4 ,x 0 n1 !re=e1 )\t reason t ,de ,mai/re w>n$ p aga9/ believ+ 'que la colonne e/ replace1 p>cequ'elle e/ releve4' ,! solution :i* he s elaborately recomm5d$ to ,europe has %[n itself desp]ate & impossible4 ,ca?olicism may long rema9 a vital cre$ to millions ( m51 a deep s\rce ( spiritual consolation & refre%m5t1 & a bright lamp 9 p]plexities ( conduct & morals2 b re/+ on dogmas :i* _c by any am\nt ( compromise be incorporat$ ) ! daily increas+ mass ( k1 assum+ z ! condition ( its exi/5ce =ms ( ! !ological hypo!sis :i* all ! prepond]at+ influ5ces ( contempor>y ?\ght concur directly or indirectly 9 discr$it+1 upheld by an organisation :i* its hi/ory = ! la/ five c5turies has expos$ to ! di/ru/ & hatr$ ( m5 z ! sworn enemy ( m5tal fre$om & gr[?1 ! pret5sions ( ,ca?olicism to r5ovate society are among ! mo/ pitiable & impot5t t ev] dev\t1 high-m9d$1 & b5evol5t p]sons delud$ !mselves into ma9ta9+ or accept+4 ,ov] ! mod]n invad] x is z p[]less z paganism 0 ov] ! invad]s ( old4 ,! b>b>ians ( indu/rialism1 grasp+ *iefs & mut9\s m51 give no e> to prie/ or pontiff1 :o speak only dead words1 :o confront mod]n issues ) bl9d eyes1 & :o /ret* out a palsi$ h& to help4 ,*ri/ianity1 accord+ to a well-kn[n say+1 has be5 tri$ & fail$2 ! religion ( ,*ri/ rema9s to be tri$4 ,"o w\ld pref] to qualify ! fir/ clause1 by admitt+ h[ mu* ,*ri/ianity has done = ,europe ev5 ) its old organisation1 & to re/rict ! *>ge ( failure )9 ! limits ( ! mod]n "t4 ,to-day its failure is too pat5t4 ,:e!r 9 *ang$ =ms & ) new supplem5ts ! tea*+ ( its f\nd] is de/9$ to be ! *ief inspir] ( t social & human s5tim5t :i* seems to be ! only spiritual bond capable ( unit+ m5 toge!r aga9 9 a common & effective fai?1 is a "q :i* x is unnecess>y to discuss "h4 ',!y talk ab\t ! fir/ c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity1' said ,de ,mai/re1 ',i w\ld n be sure t !y are ov] yet4' ,p]haps n2 only if ! fir/ c5turies are n yet ov]1 x is c]ta9 t ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! future w h to be s diff]5t f ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! pa/1 z to dem& or des]ve ano!r "n4 ,ev5 if ,*ri/ianity1 itself r5ew$1 c\ld successfully enc\nt] ! a*ievem5t ( r5ew+ society1 ,de ,mai/re's ideal ( a spiritual p[] controll+ ! temporal p[]1 & conciliat+ peoples ) _! rul]s by p]suasion & a co]cion only moral1 appe>s to h little *ance ( be+ realis$4 ,! sep>ation ( ! two p[]s is seal$1 ) a complet5ess t is increas+ly visible4 ,! pr9ciples on :i* ! process ( ! emancipation ( politics is be+ s rapidly c>ri$ on1 demon/rate t ! mo/ m>k$ t5d5cies ( mod]n civilisation are /rongly ho/ile to a r5ewal 9 any imag9able %ape1 or at any future "t1 ( a connection :e!r ( virtual subord9ation or nom9al equality1 :i* has laid su* enorm\s burd5s on ! consci5ces & und]/&+s ( m54 ,if ! ,*ur* has ! upp]mo/ h&1 except 9 primitive times1 x de/roys fre$om2 if ! ,/ate is supreme1 x de/roys spirituality4 ,! free ,*ur* 9 ! free ,/ate is an idea t e day m fully recomm5ds itself to ! public op9ion ( ,europe1 & ! sov]eignty ( ! ,pope1 l t ( all o!r spiritual pot5tates1 c only be ex]cis$ ov] ^? :o *oose ( _! own accord to submit to x2 a sov]eignty ( a k9d :i* ,de ,mai/re ?\ght n mu* above an>*y4 ,to conclude1 ,de ,mai/re's m9d 0 ( ! highe/ type ( ^? :o fill ! air ) ! arbitr>y assumptions ( !ology1 & ! ab/ractions ( ! metaphysical /age ( ?\ght4 ,at e po9t y meet ! p]emptorily decl>$ volition ( a div9e be+1 or ! ontological prop]ty ( a natural object4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution is expla9$ by ! w ( ,god2 & ! k+s reign because !y h ! esprit royal4 ,e tru? is absolute1 n relative2 e explanation is univ]sal1 n hi/oric4 ,^! diff]5ces 9 me?od & po9t ( view amply expla9 8 arrival at conclusions t seem s mon/r\s to m5 :o look ^u all k z relative1 & insi/ t ! only possible road to true op9ion lies away f volitions & ab/ractions 9 ! positive g5]alisations ( exp]i5ce4 ,!re c be no m satisfactory pro( ( ! rapidity ) :i* we are leav+ ^! anci5t me?ods1 & ! social results :i* !y produc$1 ?an ! will+ness ) :i* e rightly in/ruct$ m9d n[ admits h[ indisp5sable 7 ! fir/1 & h[ b5eficial ! second4 ,^? c be/ appreciate ,de ,mai/re & 8 s*ool1 :at excell5ce lay 9 _! aspirations1 :at wisdom 9 _! sy/em1 :o "k mo/ cle>ly :y _! aspirations 7 hopeless1 & :at makes _! sy/em an ana*ronism4 ,,footnotes3 #aj ,de ,mai/re =got or und]e/imat$ ! s]vices ( ,leo ! ,isaurian ^: repulse ( ! ,caliph's =ces at ,con/ant9ople 7,a4,d4 #gag7 0 p]haps z important = ,europe z ! m r5[n$ victory ( ,*>les ,m>tel4 ,b !n ,leo 0 an ,iconocla/ & h]etic4 ,cf4 ,f9lay's ,byzant9e ,empire1 pp4 #bb1 #bc4 #aa ,du ,pape1 bk4 iii4 c4 iv4 p4 #bih 7ed4 #ahff74 #ab ,du ,pape1 bk4 iv4 c4 vii4 #ac ,a rem>k ( ,mr4 ,f9lay's is wor? quot+ "h4 ',! ,greeks1' he says1 '_h at times only a second>y %>e 9 ! ecclesia/ical controv]sies 9 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 ?\gh ! circum/ance ( ^! controv]sies hav+ be5 c>ri$ on 9 ! ,greek language has made ! natives ( ,we/]n ,europe attribute !m to a philosophic1 speculative1 & polemic _s1 inh]5t 9 ! ,hell5ic m9d4 ,a v slight exam9ation ( hi/ory is suffici5t to prove t sev]al ( ! h]esies :i* di/urb$ ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* _h _! orig9 9 ! m pr(\nd religi\s ideas ( ! ori5tal nations1 & t _m ( ! op9ions call$ h]etical 7 9 a great measure expressions ( ! m5tal nationality ( ! ,syrians1 ,arm5ians1 ,egyptians1 & ,p]sians1 & _h no conception :atev] ) ! ,greek m9d4'--,byzant9e ,empire1 f #gaf to #ajeg1 p4 #bfb4 ,! same writ] 7p4 #bfc7 rem>ks v truly1 t '! religi\s or !ological portion ( ,pop]y1 z a section ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 is really ,greek2 & x is only ! ecclesia/ical1 political1 & !oretic peculi>ities ( ! fabric :i* c be consid]$ z ! "w ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*4' #ad ,sir ,j4 ,fitzjames ,/eph5 9 ! ,saturday ,review1 ,sept4 #i1 #ahfe1 p4 #ccd4 #ae ,du ,pape1 bk4 i4 c4 i4 p4 #ag4 #af ,ib4 bk4 i4 c4 xix4 pp4 #abd1 #abe4 #ag ,ib4 bk4 i4 c4 xvi4 p4 #aaa4 #ah ',il n'y a po9t de s\v]a9et qui p\r le bonheur des hommes1 et p\r le si5 surt\t1 ne soit borne de quelque manire1 mais dans l'intrieur de ces bornes1 places comme il plat ,dieu1 elle e/ t\j\rs et p>t\t absolue et t5ue p\r infaillible4 ,et qu& je p>le de l'ex]cice lgitime de la s\v]a9et1 je n'ent5ds po9t ou je ne dis po9t l'ex]cice ju/e1 ce qui produirait une amphibologie dang]euse1 mo9s que p> ce d]ni] mot on ne veuille dire que t\t ce qu'elle op9e dans son c]cle e/ ju/e ou t5u p\r tel1 ce qui e/ la vrit4 ,c'e/ a9si qu'un tribunal suprme1 tant qu'il ne sort pas de ses attributions1 e/ t\j\rs ju/e2 c> c'e/ la mme *ose ,,dans ,,la ,,pratique1 d'tre infaillible1 ou de se tromp] sans appel4'--,bk4 ii4 c4 xi4 p4 #bab 7footnote74 #ai ,?omass91 ! em95t ,fr5* !ologian1 fl\ri%$ f ! middle to ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! aim ( 8 writ+s g5]ally 0 to reconcile conflict+ op9ions on discipl9e or doctr9e by exhibit+ a true s5se 9 all4 ,9 ?is _s he wrote on ! ,pope & ! ,c\ncils1 & on ! nev]-end+ "q ( ,grace4 ,among o!r ?+s1 he insi/$ t all languages c\ld be trac$ to ! ,hebrew4 ,he wrote a def5ce ( ! edict 9 :i* ,lewis ,,xiv4 revok$ ! ,edict ( ,nantes1 cont5d+ t x 0 less h>% ?an "s ( ! decrees ( ,!odosius & ,ju/9ian1 :i* ! holie/ fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* _h n scrupl$ to approve--an argum5t :i* w\ld n[ be ?\ght some:at too dang]\s = common use1 z cutt+ bo? ways4 ,gibbon made use ( 8 ,discipl9e de l',eglise 9 ! tw5tie? *apt]1 & else:]e4 #bj ,du ,pape1 bk4 i4 c4 xviii4 p4 #abb4 #ba ,bk4 i4 c4 xvii4 p4 #aag4 #bb ,littr1 ,augu/e ,comte et la ,phil4 ,posit4 p4 #aeb4 #bc ,du ,pape1 ,conclusion1 p4 #chj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,end ,,( ,,vol4 ,,ii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pr9t$ by ,r4 ,r4 ,cl>k1 ,limit$1 ,ed9burgh4 ,transcrib]s' ,notes3 ,m9or pr9t] errors 7omitt$ quotation m>ks7 h be5 am5d$ )\t note4 ,o!r errors h be5 am5d$ & are li/$ bel[4 ,,oe_/oe ligatures h n be5 reta9$ 9 ?is v]sion4 ,li/ ( ,am5dm5ts3 ,page #cje3 lights am5d$ to rights2 444 fre$om1 ( equal rights1 & by 444 ,page #cbi3 impressisn am5d$ to impression2 444 !ory made a deep impression on ! m9d 444