,,the ,,autobiography      ,,of         
,st4 ,ignatius        ,,edited ,,by     
,j4 ,f4 ,x4 ,o',,conor1 ,s4,j4          
,,new ,,york1 ,,cincinnati1 ,,chicago   
,,benziger ,,brothers      ,printers to 
the ,holy ,apostolic ,see      #aijj    
,imprimatur4               ,,michael    
,,augustine1                            
,,archbishop ,,of ,,new ,,york4         
,nihil obstat4              ,,edwardus  
,i4 ,,purbrick1 ,s4,j41                 
,prpositus ,provincialis ,provinci      
,marylandi ,neo-,eboracensis4           
,,jacobus ,j4 ,,casey1 ,s4,j41          
,censor ,deputatus4  ,,new ,,york1 ,dec4
 #ad1 #ahii4            ,,copyright1    
#aijj1 ,,by ,,benziger ,,brothers4      
,illustration3 ,,st4 ,,ignatius         
,,receiving ,,st4 ,,francis ,,borgia4   
,illustration3 ,,st4 ,,ignatius         
,,loyola4  ,illustration3 ,,the ,,first 
,,vows ,,at ,,montmartre ,,of ,,st4     
,,ignatius ,,and ,,companions4 ,,father 
,,faber ,,celebrating ,,mass4           
,illustration3 ,,st4 ,,ignatius         

,,conversing ,,with ,,st4 ,,francis     
,,xavier ,,at ,,the ,,university ,,of   
,,paris4  ,illustration3 ,,st4          
,,ignatius ,,at ,,the ,,holy            
,,sacrifice4 ,painted by ,rubens4       
,editor's ,preface   ,this account of   
the life of ,st4 ,ignatius1 dictated by 
himself1 is considered by the           
,bollandists the most valuable record of
 the great ,founder of the ,society of  
,jesus4 ,the editors of the ,stimmen    
,aus ,maria ,laach1 the ,german review1 
as well as those of the ,english        
magazine1 ,the ,month1 tell us that it1 
more than any other work1 gives an      
insight into the spiritual life of ,st4 
,ignatius4 ,few works in ascetical      
literature1 except the writings of ,st4 
,teresa and ,st4 ,augustine1 impart such
 a knowledge of the soul4  ,to          
understand fully the ,spiritual         
,exercises1 we should know something of 
the man who wrote them4 ,in this life of
 ,st4 ,ignatius1 told in his own words1 
we acquire an intimate knowledge of the 

author of the ,exercises4 ,we discern   
the ,saint's natural disposition1 which 
was the foundation of his spiritual     
character4 ,we learn of his conversion1 
his trials1 the obstacles in his way1   
the heroism with which he accomplished  
his great mission4  ,this autobiography 
of ,st4 ,ignatius is the groundwork of  
all the great lives of him that have    
been written4  ,bartoli draws from it1  
,genelli develops it1 the recent        
magnificent works of ,father ,clair1    
,s4,j41 and of ,stewart ,rose are       
amplifications of this simple story of  
the life of ,st4 ,ignatius4  ,the ,saint
 in his narrative always refers to      
himself in the third person1 and this   
mode of speech has here been retained4  
,many persons who have neither the time1
 nor1 perhaps1 the inclination1 to read 
larger works1 will read1 we trust1 with 
pleasure and profit this autobiography4 
,ignatius1 as he lay wounded in his     
brother's house1 read the lives of the  
saints to while away the time4 ,touched 

by grace1 he cried1 ,what ,st4 ,francis 
and ,st4 ,dominic have done1 that1 by   
,god's grace1 ,i will do4 ,may this     
little book1 in like manner1 inspire its
 readers with the desire of imitating   
,st4 ,ignatius4                         
,,the ,,editor4         ,,easter1 #aijj4
   ,,college ,,of ,,st4 ,,francis       
,,xavier1        ,,new ,,york4          
,preface of ,father ,louis ,gonzalez1   
,s4,j41 to the ,acts of ,st4 ,ignatius1 
received from the lips of the ,saint and
 translated into ,latin by ,father      
,hannibal ,codretto1 ,s4,j4  ,preface of
 the ,writer   ,jesus1 ,mary4 ,in the   
year #aeec1 one ,friday morning1 ,august
 #d1 the eve of the feast of ,our ,lady 
of the ,snows1 while ,st4 ,ignatius was 
in the garden1 ,i began to give him an  
account of my soul1 and1 among other    
things1 ,i spoke to him of how ,i was   
tempted by vain glory4 ,the spiritual   
advice he gave me was this3 ,refer      
everything that you do to ,god2 strive  
to offer ,him all the good you find in  

yourself1 acknowledging that this comes 
from ,god1 and thank ,him for it4 ,the  
advice given to me on this occasion was 
so consoling to me that ,i could not    
refrain from tears4 ,st4 ,ignatius then 
related to me that for two years he had 
struggled against vain glory2 so much   
so1 indeed1 that when he was about to   
embark for ,jerusalem at ,barcelona he  
did not dare to tell any one where he   
was going4 ,he told me1 moreover1 that  
since that time his soul had experienced
 great peace in regard to this matter4  
,an hour or two later we went to dinner1
 and1 while ,master ,polancus and ,i    
were dining with him1 ,st4 ,ignatius    
said that ,master ,natalis and others of
 the ,society had often asked him to    
give a narrative of his life1 but he had
 never as yet decided to do so4 ,on this
 occasion1 however1 after ,i had spoken 
to him1 he reflected upon it alone4 ,he 
was favorably inclined toward it4 ,from 
the way he spoke1 it was evident ,god   
had enlightened him4 ,he had resolved to

 manifest the main points of his        
interior life up to the present1 and had
 concluded that ,i was the one to whom  
he would make these things known4  ,at  
that time ,st4 ,ignatius was in very    
feeble health4 ,he did not promise      
himself one day of life1 but1 on the    
contrary1 if any one were to say1 ,i    
shall do that within two weeks or a     
week1 ,st4 ,ignatius was accustomed to  
say3 ,how is that8 ,do you think you are
 going to live that long8 ,however1 on  
this occasion1 he said he hoped to live 
three or four months to finish the      
narrative4 ,the next day when ,i asked  
him when he wished to begin1 he answered
 that ,i should remind him every day    
until he had an opportunity for it4 ,as 
he could not find time1 partly on       
account of his many occupations1 he told
 me to remind him of it every ,sunday4  
,in the following ,september he called  
me1 and began to relate his whole life  
clearly and distinctly with all the     
accompanying circumstances4 ,afterward1 

in the same month1 he called me three or
 four times1 and told me the history of 
his life up to the time of his dwelling 
at ,manresa4 ,the method followed by    
,st4 ,ignatius is so clear that he      
places vividly before our eyes the      
events of the past4  ,it was not        
necessary to ask him anything1 as       
nothing important was omitted4 ,i began 
to write down certain points            
immediately1 and ,i afterward filled out
 the details4 ,i endeavored to write    
nothing that ,i did not hear from him4  
,so closely did ,i adhere to his very   
words that afterward ,i was unable to   
explain the meaning of some of them4    
,this narrative ,i wrote1 as ,i have    
indicated above1 up to ,september1      
#aeec4 ,from that time until the #ahth  
of ,october1 #aeed1 when ,father        
,natalis came1 ,st4 ,ignatius did not   
continue the narrative1 but pleaded     
excuse on account of infirmities or     
other business1 saying to me1 ,when such
 and such a business is settled1 remind 

me of it4 ,when that work was done1 ,i  
recalled it to his memory4 ,he replied1 
,now ,i have that other affair on hand2 
when it is finished remind me4  ,father 
,natalis was overjoyed that a beginning 
had been made1 and told me to urge ,st4 
,ignatius to complete it1 often saying  
to me1 ,in no other way can you do more 
good to the ,society1 for this is       
fundamentally the ,society4 ,he himself 
spoke to ,st4 ,ignatius about it1 and ,i
 was told to remind him of it when the  
work in regard to the founding of the   
college was finished4 ,and when it was  
over1 and the business with ,prester    
,john settled and the courier had       
departed1 we continued the history on   
the #ith of ,march1 #aeee4 ,about this  
time ,pope ,julius became ill1 and died 
on the #bc;d of the same month4 ,the    
narrative was then postponed until the  
election of the new ,pope1 who died soon
 after his election4 ,our work remained 
untouched until ,pope ,paul mounted the 
papal throne4 ,on account of the great  

heat and many occupations1 the biography
 did not make much progress until the   
#bast of ,september1 when there was     
question of sending me to ,spain4 ,and  
so he appointed the morning of the #bb;d
 for a meeting in the red tower4 ,after 
saying ,mass ,i went to him to ask him  
if it were the time4 ,he told me to go  
and wait for him in the red tower4      
,supposing that ,i should have to wait a
 long while1 ,i delayed on the porch1   
talking with a brother who asked me     
about something4 ,when ,st4 ,ignatius   
came he reprimanded me because1 contrary
 to obedience1 ,i had not waited for him
 in the appointed place1 and he would   
not do anything that day4 ,then we urged
 him very earnestly to continue4 ,so he 
came to the red tower1 and1 according to
 his custom1 dictated while walking4    
,while taking these notes ,i tried to   
see his face1 and kept drawing near to  
him4 ,he said to me1 ,keep your rule4   
,and as ,i approached again1 and looked 
at him a second and a third time1 he    

repeated what he had said and then went 
away4 ,finally1 after some time1 he     
returned to the red tower to complete   
the dictation4 ,as ,i was about starting
 on my journey1 and ,st4 ,ignatius spoke
 to me the day before my departure1 ,i  
could not write out the narrative in    
full at ,rome4 ,at ,genoa where ,i went 
,i had no ,spanish secretary1 so ,i     
dictated in ,latin the points ,i had    
brought with me1 and finished the       
writing at ,genoa in ,december1 #aeee4  
,contents                               
,page    ,,editor',s ,,preface          
#e    ,,preface ,,of ,,the ,,writer     
#i    ,,chapter ,i    ,his ,military    
,life--,he is wounded at the ,siege of  
,pampeluna--,his   ,cure--,spiritual    
,reading--,the ,apparition--,the ,gift  
of ,chastity--,his   ,longing for the   
,journey to ,jerusalem and for a ,holier
 ,life         #ai    ,,chapter ,,ii    
,ignatius leaves his ,native            
,land--,what he did at ,montserrat and  
,manresa                                

#cj    ,,chapter ,,iii                  
,scruples--,heavenly ,favors--,journey  
to ,barcelona                    #dg    
,,chapter ,,iv    ,his ,journey to      
,rome1 ,venice1 ,jerusalem1 and the     
,holy ,land          #ff    ,,chapter ,v
    ,the ,arrival in ,apulia1 ,venice1  
,ferrara1 and ,genoa--,he is            
apprehended as a ,spy--,he is despised  
as a ,fool--,his ,studies at            
,barcelona and  ,alcala                 
#gh    ,,chapter ,,vi    ,the ,prisons  
at ,alcala and ,salamanca               
#ic    ,,chapter ,,vii    ,his ,studies 
in ,paris1 and ,other ,incidents of his 
,life             #aaa    ,,chapter     
,,viii    ,his ,arrival in his ,native  
,land and the ,virtues practised        
there--,his ,journey into ,spain and    
,italy--,the ,famous ,apparition   and  
his ,life in the ,same ,place           
#abi    ,,appendix    ,st4 ,ignatius and
 his ,work for ,education               
#ade    ,authors                        
#aee    ,the ,educational ,plan of ,st4 

,ignatius                               
#aef     ,the ,autobiography of ,st4    
,ignatius  ,the ,account of his ,life   
dictated to ,father ,gonzalez by ,st4   
,ignatius     ,,chapter ,i  ,,his       
,,military ,,life--,,he ,,is ,,wounded  
,,at ,,the ,,siege ,,of                 
,,pampeluna--,,his ,,cure--,,spiritual  
,,reading--,,the ,,apparition--,,the    
,,gift ,,of ,,chastity--,,his ,,longing 
,,for ,,the ,,journey ,,to ,,jerusalem  
,,and ,,for ,a ,,holier ,,life   ,up to 
his twenty-sixth year the heart of      
,ignatius was enthralled by the vanities
 of the world4 ,his special delight was 
in the military life1 and he seemed led 
by a strong and empty desire of gaining 
for himself a great name4 ,the citadel  
of ,pampeluna was held in siege by the  
,french4 ,all the other soldiers were   
unanimous in wishing to surrender on    
condition of freedom to leave1 since it 
was impossible to hold out any longer2  
but ,ignatius so persuaded the          
commander1 that1 against the views of   

all the other nobles1 he decided to hold
 the citadel against the enemy4  ,when  
the day of assault came1 ,ignatius made 
his confession to one of the nobles1 his
 companion in arms4 ,the soldier also   
made his to ,ignatius4 ,after the walls 
were destroyed1 ,ignatius stood fighting
 bravely until a cannon ball of the     
enemy broke one of his legs and         
seriously injured the other4  ,when he  
fell1 the citadel was surrendered4 ,when
 the ,french took possession of the     
town1 they showed great admiration for  
,ignatius4 ,after twelve or fifteen days
 at ,pampeluna1 where he received the   
best care from the physicians of the    
,french army1 he was borne on a litter  
to ,loyola4 ,his recovery was very slow1
 and doctors and surgeons were summoned 
from all parts for a consultation4 ,they
 decided that the leg should be broken  
again1 that the bones1 which had knit   
badly1 might be properly reset2 for they
 had not been properly set in the       
beginning1 or else had been so jostled  

on the journey that a cure was          
impossible4 ,he submitted to have his   
flesh cut again4 ,during the operation1 
as in all he suffered before and after1 
he uttered no word and gave no sign of  
suffering save that of tightly clenching
 his fists4  ,in the meantime his       
strength was failing4 ,he could take no 
food1 and showed other symptoms of      
approaching death4 ,on the feast of ,st4
 ,john the doctors gave up hope of his  
recovery1 and he was advised to make his
 confession4 ,having received the       
sacraments on the eve of the feasts of  
,sts4 ,peter and ,paul1 toward evening  
the doctors said that if by the middle  
of the night there were no change for   
the better1 he would surely die4 ,he had
 great devotion to ,st4 ,peter1 and it  
so happened by the goodness of ,god that
 in the middle of the night he began to 
grow better4  ,his recovery was so rapid
 that in a few days he was out of       
danger4 ,as the bones of his leg settled
 and pressed upon each other1 one bone  

protruded below the knee4 ,the result   
was that one leg was shorter than the   
other1 and the bone causing a lump      
there1 made the leg seem quite deformed4
 ,as he could not bear this1 since he   
intended to live a life at court1 he    
asked the doctors whether the bone could
 be cut away4 ,they replied that it     
could1 but it would cause him more      
suffering than all that had preceded1 as
 everything was healed1 and they would  
need space in order to cut it4 ,he      
determined1 however1 to undergo this    
torture4  ,his elder brother looked on  
with astonishment and admiration4 ,he   
said he could never have had the        
fortitude to suffer the pain which the  
sick man bore with his usual patience4  
,when the flesh and the bone that       
protruded were cut away1 means were     
taken to prevent the leg from becoming  
shorter than the other4 ,for this       
purpose1 in spite of sharp and constant 
pain1 the leg was kept stretched for    
many days4 ,finally the ,lord gave him  

health4 ,he came out of the danger safe 
and strong with the exception that he   
could not easily stand on his leg1 but  
was forced to lie in bed4  ,as ,ignatius
 had a love for fiction1 when he found  
himself out of danger he asked for some 
romances to pass away the time4 ,in that
 house there was no book of the kind4   
,they gave him1 instead1 ,the ,life of  
,christ1 by ,rudolph1 the ,carthusian1  
and another book called the ,flowers of 
the ,saints1 both in ,spanish4 ,by      
frequent reading of these books he began
 to get some love for spiritual things4 
,this reading led his mind to meditate  
on holy things1 yet sometimes it        
wandered to thoughts which he had been  
accustomed to dwell upon before4  ,among
 these there was one thought which1     
above the others1 so filled his heart   
that he became1 as it were1 immersed and
 absorbed in it4 ,unconsciously1 it     
engaged his attention for three and four
 hours at a time4 ,he pictured to       
himself what he should do in honor of an

 illustrious lady1 how he should journey
 to the city where she was1 in what     
words he would address her1 and what    
bright and pleasant sayings he would    
make use of1 what manner of warlike     
exploits he should perform to please    
her4 ,he was so carried away by this    
thought that he did not even perceive   
how far beyond his power it was to do   
what he proposed1 for she was a lady    
exceedingly illustrious and of the      
highest nobility4  ,in the meantime the 
divine mercy was at work substituting   
for these thoughts others suggested by  
his recent readings4 ,while perusing the
 life of ,our ,lord and the saints1 he  
began to reflect1 saying to himself3    
,what if ,i should do what ,st4 ,francis
 did8 ,what if ,i should act like ,st4  
,dominic8 ,he pondered over these things
 in his mind1 and kept continually      
proposing to himself serious and        
difficult things4 ,he seemed to feel a  
certain readiness for doing them1 with  
no other reason except this thought3    

,st4 ,dominic did this2 ,i1 too1 will do
 it4 ,st4 ,francis did this2 therefore  
,i will do it4 ,these heroic resolutions
 remained for a time1 and then other    
vain and worldly thoughts followed4     
,this succession of thoughts occupied   
him for a long while1 those about ,god  
alternating with those about the world4 
,but in these thoughts there was this   
difference4 ,when he thought of worldly 
things it gave him great pleasure1 but  
afterward he found himself dry and sad4 
,but when he thought of journeying to   
,jerusalem1 and of living only on herbs1
 and practising austerities1 he found   
pleasure not only while thinking of     
them1 but also when he had ceased4      
,this difference he did not notice or   
value1 until one day the eyes of his    
soul were opened and he began to inquire
 the reason of the difference4 ,he      
learned by experience that one train of 
thought left him sad1 the other joyful4 
,this was his first reasoning on        
spiritual matters4 ,afterward1 when he  

began the ,spiritual ,exercises1 he was 
enlightened1 and understood what he     
afterward taught his children about the 
discernment of spirits4 ,when gradually 
he recognized the different spirits by  
which he was moved1 one1 the spirit of  
,god1 the other1 the devil1 and when he 
had gained no little spiritual light    
from the reading of pious books1 he     
began to think more seriously of his    
past life1 and how much penance he      
should do to expiate his past sins4     
,amid these thoughts the holy wish to   
imitate saintly men came to his mind2   
his resolve was not more definite than  
to promise with the help of divine grace
 that what they had done he also would  
do4 ,after his recovery his one wish was
 to make a pilgrimage to ,jerusalem4 ,he
 fasted frequently and scourged himself 
to satisfy the desire of penance that   
ruled in a soul filled with the spirit  
of ,god4  ,the vain thoughts were       
gradually lessened by means of these    
desires--desires that were not a little 

strengthened by the following vision4   
,while watching one night he plainly saw
 the image of the ,blessed ,mother of   
,god with the ,infant ,jesus1 at the    
sight of which1 for a considerable time1
 he received abundant consolation1 and  
felt such contrition for his past life  
that he thought of nothing else4 ,from  
that time until ,august1 #aeee1 when    
this was written1 he never felt the     
least motion of concupiscence4 ,this    
privilege we may suppose from this fact 
to have been a divine gift1 although we 
dare not state it1 nor say anything     
except confirm what has been already    
said4 ,his brother and all in the house 
recognized from what appeared externally
 how great a change had taken place in  
his soul4  ,he continued his reading    
meanwhile1 and kept the holy resolution 
he had made4 ,at home his conversation  
was wholly devoted to divine things1 and
 helped much to the spiritual           
advancement of others4     ,,chapter    
,,ii  ,,ignatius ,,leaves ,,his ,,native

 ,,land--,,what ,,he ,,did ,,at         
,,montserrat ,,and ,,at ,,manresa       
,ignatius1 starting from his father's   
house1 set out upon his journey on      
horseback4 ,about this time he began his
 habit of taking the discipline every   
night4 ,his brother desired to accompany
 him as far as ,ogna1 and during the    
journey was persuaded by the ,saint to  
pass one night of watching at the shrine
 of ,our ,blessed ,lady at ,aruncuz4    
,having prayed some time at the shrine  
for new strength for his journey1       
leaving his brother at ,ogna at the     
house of their sister1 to whom he paid a
 short visit1 he journeyed on to        
,navarre4 ,remembering that an official 
in the ,duke's palace owed him some     
money1 he collected it by sending in a  
written account to the treasurer1 and   
distributed it among persons to whom he 
felt indebted4 ,a portion of the money  
he devoted to the restoration of a      
picture of the ,blessed ,virgin4 ,then  
dismissing his two remaining servants1  

he rode forth alone from ,navarre in the
 direction of ,montserrat1 a mountain   
town of ,catalonia in the northern part 
of ,spain4  ,it will not be amiss to    
recall an event that occurred during    
this journey1 to show the manner in     
which ,god directed him4 ,although      
filled with an ardent desire of serving 
,god1 yet his knowledge of spiritual    
things was still very obscure4 ,he had  
undertaken to perform extraordinary     
penances1 not so much with a view to    
satisfy for his sins as with the        
intention of doing something pleasing to
 his ,lord4 ,he declared indeed that    
though filled with the liveliest        
abhorrence of his past sins1 he could   
not assure himself that they were       
forgiven2 yet in his austerities so     
intense was his desire to do great      
things for ,christ that he did not think
 of his sins4 ,when he recalled the     
penances practised by holy persons1 his 
whole mind was bent on doing something  
to equal and even surpass them4 ,in this

 holy ambition he found his consolation1
 for he had no interior motive for his  
penances1 knowing as yet very little    
about humility or charity or patience1  
for to obtain these many holy men have  
led austere lives4 ,he knew still less  
the value of discretion1 which regulates
 the practice of these virtues4 ,to do  
something great for the glory of his    
,god1 to emulate saintly men in all that
 they had done before him--this was the 
only object of ,ignatius in his         
practices of external mortification4    
,while he journeyed on1 a ,saracen      
mounted on a horse came up with him4 ,in
 the course of the conversation mention 
was made of the ,blessed ,virgin4 ,the  
stranger remarked that though he        
admitted that the ,mother of ,christ had
 conceived without detriment to her     
virginal purity1 yet he could not       
believe that after the conception of her
 divine ,son she was still a virgin4 ,he
 was so obstinate in holding this       
opinion1 that no amount of reasoning on 

the part of ,ignatius could force him to
 abandon it4 ,shortly afterward the     
,saracen rode on1 leaving the pilgrim to
 his own reflections4 ,these were not of
 the most peaceful nature4 ,he was      
sorely troubled as he thought over the  
conduct of his recent fellow-traveler1  
and felt that he had but poorly         
acquitted himself of his duty of        
honoring the ,mother of ,god4 ,the      
longer his mind thought upon the matter1
 the more his soul was filled with      
indignation against himself for having  
allowed the ,saracen to speak as he had 
done of the ,blessed ,virgin1 and for   
the lack of courage he fancied he had   
shown in not at once resenting the      
insult4 ,he consequently felt impelled  
by a strong impulse to hasten after him 
and slay the miscreant for the insulting
 language he had used4 ,after much      
internal conflict with these thoughts1  
he still remained in doubt1 nor could he
 decide what course to follow4 ,the     
,saracen1 who had ridden on1 had        

mentioned to him that it was his        
intention to proceed to a town not far  
distant from the highroad4 ,at length1  
,ignatius1 wearied by his inward        
struggle and not arriving at any        
determination1 decided to settle all his
 doubts in the following novel way3 he  
would give free rein to his horse1 and  
if1 on coming to the cross-road1 his    
horse should turn into the path that led
 to the destination of the ,moor1 he    
would pursue him and kill him2 but if   
his horse kept to the highroad he would 
allow the wretch to escape4 ,having done
 as he had decided1 it happened through 
the ,providence of ,god that his horse  
kept to the highroad1 though the place  
was distant only about thirty or forty  
yards1 and the way leading to it was    
very wide and easy4  ,arriving at a     
large village situated a short distance 
from ,montserrat1 he determined to      
procure a garment to wear on his journey
 to ,jerusalem4 ,he therefore bought a  
piece of sackcloth1 poorly woven1 and   

filled with prickly wooden fibres4 ,of  
this he made a garment that reached to  
his feet4 ,he bought1 also1 a pair of   
shoes of coarse stuff that is often used
 in making brooms4 ,he never wore but   
one shoe1 and that not for the sake of  
the comfort to be derived from it1 but  
because1 as he was in the habit of      
wearing a cord tied below the knee by   
way of mortification1 this leg would be 
very much swollen at night1 though he   
rode all day on horseback4 ,for this    
reason1 he felt he ought to wear a shoe 
on that foot4 ,he provided himself also 
with a pilgrim's staff and a gourd to   
drink from4 ,all these he tied to his   
saddle4  ,thus equipped1 he continued on
 his way to ,montserrat1 pondering in   
his mind1 as was his wont1 on the great 
things he would do for the love of ,god4
 ,and as he had formerly read the       
stories of ,amadeus of ,gaul and other  
such writers1 who told how the          
,christian knights of the past were     
accustomed to spend the entire night1   

preceding the day on which they were to 
receive knighthood1 on guard before an  
altar of the ,blessed ,virgin1 he was   
filled with these chivalric fancies1 and
 resolved to prepare himself for a noble
 knighthood by passing a night in vigil 
before an altar of ,our ,lady at        
,montserrat4 ,he would observe all the  
formalities of this ceremony1 neither   
sitting nor lying down1 but alternately 
standing and kneeling1 and there he     
would lay aside his worldly dignities to
 assume the arms of ,christ4  ,when he  
arrived at ,montserrat1 he passed a long
 time in prayer1 and with the consent of
 his confessor he made in writing a     
general confession of his sins4 ,three  
whole days were employed in this        
undertaking4 ,he begged and obtained    
leave of his confessor to give up his   
horse1 and to hang up his sword and his 
dagger in the church1 near the altar of 
the ,blessed ,virgin4 ,this confessor   
was the first to whom he unfolded his   
interior1 and disclosed his resolution  

of devoting himself to a spiritual life4
 ,never before had he manifested his    
purpose to anybody4  ,the eve of the    
,annunciation of ,our ,blessed ,lady in 
the year #aebb was the time he chose to 
carry out the project he had formed4 ,at
 nightfall1 unobserved by any one1 he   
approached a beggar1 and taking off his 
own costly garments gave them to the    
beggar4 ,he then put on the pilgrim's   
dress he had previously bought1 and     
hastened to the church1 where he threw  
himself on his knees before the altar of
 the ,blessed ,mother of ,god1 and      
there1 now kneeling1 now standing1 with 
staff in hand1 he passed the entire     
night4  ,after receiving the ,blessed   
,sacrament1 to avoid recognition he left
 the town at daybreak4 ,he did not go by
 the direct route that leads to         
,barcelona1 as he might have met those  
who knew him and would honor him1 but he
 took a byway that led him to a town    
called ,manresa4 ,here he determined to 
remain a few days in the hospital and   

write out some notes in his little book1
 which for his own consolation he       
carefully carried about with him4 ,at   
about a league's distance from          
,montserrat1 he was overtaken by a man  
who had ridden after him at a rapid     
pace4 ,this man accosted him and        
inquired if he had given certain        
garments to a poor man1 as the latter   
had declared4 ,ignatius answered that it
 was true that he had given them to a   
beggar4 ,on learning that the latter had
 been ill-treated because he was        
suspected of having stolen the clothes1 
the eyes of ,ignatius filled with tears1
 in pity for the poor man4  ,although he
 had fled so anxiously from the praise  
of men1 he did not remain long at       
,manresa before many marvellous things  
were narrated of him4 ,this fame arose  
from what had occurred at ,montserrat4  
,his reputation increased day by day4   
,men vied with each other in adding some
 particulars about his sanctity1        
declaring that he had abandoned immense 

revenues1 and other wonderful things    
without much regard to real facts4  ,at 
,manresa he lived on the alms that he   
daily begged4 ,he never ate meat nor    
partook of wine1 though they were       
offered him4 ,on ,sundays1 however1 he  
never fasted1 and if wine were offered  
him1 he drank of it sparingly4 ,in      
former days he had been very careful of 
his hair1 which he had worn1 and1       
indeed1 not unbecomingly1 in the        
fashionable manner of the young men of  
his age2 but now he determined to cease 
to care for it1 neither to comb it nor  
to cut it1 and to dispense with all     
covering for his head both day and      
night4 ,to punish himself for the too   
great nicety which he had formerly had  
in the care of his hands and feet1 he   
now resolved to neglect them4  ,it was  
while he was living at the hospital at  
,manresa that the following strange     
event took place4 ,very frequently on a 
clear moonlight night there appeared in 
the courtyard before him an indistinct  

shape which he could not see clearly    
enough to tell what it was4 ,yet it     
appeared so symmetrical and beautiful   
that his soul was filled with pleasure  
and joy as he gazed at it4 ,it had      
something of the form of a serpent with 
glittering eyes1 and yet they were not  
eyes4 ,he felt an indescribable joy     
steal over him at the sight of this     
object4 ,the oftener he saw it1 the     
greater was the consolation he derived  
from it1 and when the vision left him1  
his soul was filled with sorrow and     
sadness4  ,up to this period he had     
remained in a constant state of         
tranquillity and consolation1 without   
any interior knowledge of the trials    
that beset the spiritual life4 ,but     
during the time that the vision lasted1 
sometimes for days1 or a little previous
 to that time1 his soul was violently   
agitated by a thought that brought him  
no little uneasiness4 ,there flashed    
upon his mind the idea of the difficulty
 that attended the kind of life he had  

begun1 and he felt as if he heard some  
one whispering to him1 ,how can you keep
 up for seventy years of your life these
 practices which you have begun8        
,knowing that this thought was a        
temptation of the evil one1 he expelled 
it by this answer3 ,can you1 wretched   
one1 promise me one hour of life8 ,in   
this manner he overcame the temptation1 
and his soul was restored to peace4     
,this was his first trial besides what  
has already been narrated1 and it came  
upon him suddenly one day as he was     
entering the church4 ,he was accustomed 
to hear ,mass daily1 and to assist at   
,vespers and ,compline--devotions from  
which he derived much consolation4      
,during ,mass1 he always read over the  
history of the ,passion1 and his soul   
was filled with a joyful feeling of     
uninterrupted calm4  ,shortly after the 
temptation just spoken of1 he began to  
experience great changes in his soul4   
,at one time he was deprived of all     
consolation1 so that he found no        

pleasure in vocal prayer1 in hearing    
,mass1 or in any spiritual exercise4 ,at
 another1 on the contrary1 he suddenly  
felt as if all sorrow and desolation    
were taken from him1 experiencing the   
relief of one from whose shoulders a    
heavy cloak had suddenly been lifted4   
,on noticing all this1 he was surprised1
 wondering what could be the import of  
these changes which he had never before 
experienced1 and he said to himself1    
,what new kind of life is this upon     
which ,i am entering8  ,at this time he 
became acquainted with some holy persons
 who manifested great confidence in him1
 and gladly conversed with him2 for     
though he had1 as yet1 little knowledge 
of spiritual things1 still he spoke with
 great fervor on religious subjects1 and
 incited his hearers to make greater    
progress in the way of ,god's service4  
,among those holy persons who dwelt at  
,manresa1 there was one lady well       
advanced in years who had long been     
given to the service of ,god1 and who   

was so well known in many places in     
,spain that his ,catholic ,majesty1 the 
,king of ,spain1 had desired her        
presence on one occasion in order to    
take counsel with her about certain     
projects that he had in his mind4 ,this 
lady1 speaking one day to our new       
soldier of ,christ1 said to him1 ,would 
that the ,lord ,jesus might appear to   
you some day6 ,ignatius1 wondering at   
her words1 understood in a literal      
sense1 and asked her1 ,what would ,he   
look like if ,he were to show ,himself  
to me8  ,he always persevered in his    
custom of approaching the ,sacraments of
 ,confession and ,holy ,communion every 
week4 ,but herein he found a great      
source of anxiety on account of the     
scruples with which he was annoyed4 ,for
 though he had written out his general  
confession at ,montserrat1 and with     
great diligence and care had tried to   
make it complete1 yet he always felt    
that he had forgotten something in his  
confession1 and this caused him much    

anxiety4 ,even though he should now     
confess it again1 he received no        
consolation4 ,he tried then to find a   
spiritual person1 who could give him    
relief in his trouble1 but he found no  
one4 ,finally1 a certain doctor who had 
experience in spiritual things1 and who 
was a preacher in the church1 advised   
him to write down anything he remembered
 and feared that he had not confessed4  
,he obeyed1 and even after he had       
confessed these sins1 his scruples still
 continued to fill his soul1 and he was 
constantly recalling minor details that 
he had not confessed4 ,in this way he   
was cruelly tormented4 ,he knew well    
that these scruples caused no little    
harm to the spiritual life1 and that it 
was most expedient to get rid of them1  
yet they continued to torture him4 ,at  
times it occurred to him that it would  
be well if he could have his confessor  
command him in the name of the ,lord    
,jesus not again to confess anything of 
his past sins2 and he inwardly prayed   

that his confessor would give him some  
such command1 but he could not bring    
himself to ask him to do so4            
,,chapter ,,iii  ,,scruples--,,heavenly 
,,favors--,,journey ,,to ,,barcelona    
,at last his confessor1 without any     
suggestion on the part of the penitent1 
commanded him to confess nothing of his 
past life1 except what was very clear   
and evident4 ,but as he regarded        
everything of the past as evident1 the  
confessor's order did not help him at   
all4 ,he was in constant anxiety4 ,at   
that time he lived in the ,dominican    
monastery1 in a little cell which the   
,fathers had allotted to him4 ,he kept  
up his usual custom of praying on bended
 knees for seven hours a day1 and       
scourged himself three times a day and  
during the night4 ,but all this did not 
remove his scruples1 which had been     
tormenting him for months4 ,one day1    
when terribly tormented1 he began to    
pray4 ,during his prayer1 he cried out  
to ,god in a loud voice3 ,o ,lord1 help 

me1 for ,i find no remedy among men1 nor
 in any creature6 ,if ,i thought ,i     
could find one1 no labor would seem too 
great to me4 ,show me some one6 ,o      
,lord6 where may ,i find one8 ,i am     
willing to do anything to find relief4  
,while tortured by these thoughts1      
several times he was violently tempted  
to cast himself out of the large window 
of his cell4 ,this window was quite near
 the place where he was praying4 ,but   
since he knew that it would be a sin to 
take his own life1 he began to pray1 ,o 
,lord1 ,i will not do anything to offend
 ,thee4 ,he repeated these words        
frequently with his former prayer1 when 
there came to his mind the story of a   
certain holy man1 who1 to obtain of ,god
 some favor which he ardently desired1  
spent many days without food1 until he  
obtained the favor he asked4 ,he        
determined to do the same4 ,he resolved 
in his heart neither to eat nor drink   
until ,god should look upon him in      
mercy1 or until he should find himself  

at the point of death2 then only should 
he eat4  ,this resolution was taken on a
 ,sunday after communion1 and for a     
whole week he neither ate nor drank     
anything2 in the meantime he practised  
his usual penances1 recited the ,divine 
,office1 prayed on bended knees at the  
appointed times1 and rose at midnight4  
,on the following ,sunday1 when about to
 make his usual confession1 as he had   
been in the habit of making known to his
 confessor everything he had done1 even 
the smallest detail1 he told him that he
 had not eaten anything during the past 
week4 ,hereupon his confessor bade him  
break his fast4 ,although he felt that  
he still had sufficient strength to     
continue without food1 nevertheless he  
obeyed his confessor1 and on that day   
and the next he was free from scruples4 
,on the third day1 however1 which was   
,tuesday1 while standing in prayer1 the 
remembrance of his sins came back to    
him4 ,one suggested another1 until he   
passed in review1 one after another1 all

 his past sins4 ,he then thought he     
ought to repeat his general confession4 
,after these thoughts a sort of disgust 
seized him1 so that he felt an          
inclination to give up the life he was  
leading4 ,while in this state1 ,god was 
pleased to arouse him as it were from   
sleep1 and to relieve him of his        
trouble4 ,as he had acquired some       
experience in the discernment of        
spirits1 he profited by the lessons he  
had learned of ,god1 and began to       
examine how that spirit had entered into
 possession of his soul2 then he        
resolved never again to speak of his    
past sins in confession4 ,from that day 
he was free from scruples1 and felt     
certain that it was the will of our     
merciful ,lord to deliver him from his  
trouble of soul4  ,besides the seven    
hours devoted to prayer1 he spent a     
portion of his time in assisting souls  
who came to him for advice4 ,during the 
rest of the day he gave his thoughts to 
,god1 pondering on what he had read or  

meditated that day4 ,when he retired1 it
 often happened that wonderful          
illuminations and great spiritual       
consolations came to him1 so that he    
abridged the short time he had already  
allotted to sleep4 ,once while thinking 
over this matter he concluded that he   
had given sufficient time for           
conversation with ,god1 and that        
moreover the whole day was also given to
 ,him4 ,then he began to doubt whether  
these illuminations were from the ,good 
,spirit4 ,finally he came to the        
conclusion that it would be better to   
give up a portion and to give sufficient
 time to sleep4 ,this he did4  ,while he
 persevered in his resolution to abstain
 from meat1 it happened on a certain    
morning after rising1 that a dish of    
cooked meat seemed to be set before him4
 ,he appeared to see it with his eyes1  
although he had felt no previous craving
 for it4 ,at the same time he afterward 
experienced within himself a certain    
movement of the will1 urging him to eat 

meat4 ,although the remembrance of his  
former resolution came to mind1 he had  
no doubt about determining to eat meat4 
,when he made this known to his         
confessor1 the latter advised him to    
consider whether it was a temptation or 
not4 ,pondering over it1 he felt certain
 that he was right4 ,at that period ,god
 dealt with him as a teacher instructing
 a pupil4 ,was this on account of his   
ignorance or dulness1 or because he had 
no one else to teach him8 ,or on account
 of the fixed resolve he had of serving 
,god1 with which ,god ,himself had      
inspired him1 for the light given him   
could not possibly be greater8 ,he was  
firmly convinced1 both then and         
afterward1 that ,god had treated him    
thus because it was the better spiritual
 training for him4 ,the five following  
points will prove what he says3--  ,in  
the first place1 he had a great devotion
 to the ,blessed ,trinity4 ,every day he
 prayed to each of the three ,persons   
and to the whole ,trinity4 ,while thus  

praying to the ,blessed ,trinity1 the   
thought came of how to offer fourfold   
prayers to the ,divinity4 ,this thought1
 however1 caused him little or no       
trouble4 ,once1 while reciting on the   
steps of the monastery the little hours 
in honor of the ,blessed ,virgin1 his   
vision carried him beyond the earth4 ,he
 seemed to behold the ,blessed ,trinity 
in the form of a lyre or harp2 this     
vision affected him so much that he     
could not refrain from tears and sighs4 
,on the same day he accompanied the     
procession from the church1 but even up 
to the time of dinner he could not      
withhold his tears1 and after dinner his
 joy and consolation were so great that 
he could speak of no subject except the 
,blessed ,trinity4 ,in these            
conversations he made use of many       
different comparisons to illustrate his 
thoughts4 ,such an impression was made  
on him on that occasion that during his 
after life1 whenever he prayed to the   
,blessed ,trinity1 he experienced great 

devotion4  ,at another time1 to his     
great joy1 ,god permitted him to        
understand how ,he had created this     
world4 ,this vision presented to him a  
white object1 with rays emanating from  
it4 ,from this object ,god sent forth   
light4 ,however1 he could not clearly   
explain this vision1 nor could he recall
 the illuminations given to him by ,god 
on that occasion4 ,during his stay of   
about a year at ,manresa1 after he had  
begun to receive from ,god consolations1
 and fruitful lights for the direction  
of others1 he gave up his former        
rigorous penances4 ,at that time he     
trimmed his nails and hair4 ,during the 
time of his residence at ,manresa1 while
 assisting at ,mass1 he had another     
vision in the church of the monastery4  
,at the elevation of the body of ,christ
 ,our ,lord he beheld1 with the eyes of 
his soul1 white rays descending from    
above4 ,although he cannot1 after so    
long an interval1 explain the details of
 this vision1 still the manner in which 

,our ,lord ,jesus ,christ is present in 
the ,blessed ,sacrament was clearly and 
vividly stamped upon his mind4 ,often in
 prayer1 and even during a long space of
 time1 did he see the humanity of       
,christ with the eyes of the soul4 ,the 
form under which this vision appeared   
was that of a white body1 neither large 
nor small2 besides1 there seemed to be  
no distinction of members in ,his body4 
,this vision appeared to him often at   
,manresa1 perhaps twenty or even forty  
times1 once at ,jerusalem1 and once when
 he was at ,padua4 ,he saw the ,blessed 
,virgin under the same form1 without any
 distinction of members4 ,these visions 
gave him such strength that he often    
thought within himself1 that even though
 ,scripture did not bear witness to     
these mysteries of faith1 still1 from   
what he had seen1 it would be his duty  
to lay down his life for them4  ,one day
 he went to the ,church of ,st4 ,paul1  
situated about a mile from ,manresa4    
,near the road is a stream1 on the bank 

of which he sat1 and gazed at the deep  
waters flowing by4 ,while seated there1 
the eyes of his soul were opened4 ,he   
did not have any special vision1 but his
 mind was enlightened on many subjects1 
spiritual and intellectual4 ,so clear   
was this knowledge that from that day   
everything appeared to him in a new     
light4 ,such was the abundance of this  
light in his mind that all the divine   
helps received1 and all the knowledge   
acquired up to his sixty-second year1   
were not equal to it4  ,from that day he
 seemed to be quite another man1 and    
possessed of a new intellect4 ,this     
illumination lasted a long time4 ,while 
kneeling in thanksgiving for this grace1
 there appeared to him that object which
 he had often seen before1 but had never
 understood4 ,it seemed to be something 
most beautiful1 and1 as it were1        
gleaming with many eyes4 ,this is how it
 always appeared4 ,there was a cross    
near which he was praying1 and he       
noticed that near the cross the vision  

had lost some of its former beautiful   
color4 ,he understood from this that the
 apparition was the work of the devil1  
and whenever the vision appeared to him 
after that1 as it did several times1 he 
dispelled it with his staff4  ,during a 
violent fever at ,manresa1 he thought he
 was near his death4 ,the thought then  
came to his mind that he was already    
justified before ,god4 ,calling to mind 
his sins1 he tried to combat the        
thought1 but could not overcome it1 and 
this struggle to overcome the temptation
 caused him much more suffering than the
 fever itself4 ,after the fever had     
somewhat abated1 and he was out of      
danger1 he cried out to some noble      
ladies who had come to visit him1 and   
asked them for the love of ,god1 to cry 
out aloud the next time they should find
 him near death1 ,o sinner6 and         
,remember the sins by which you have    
offended ,god4  ,on another occasion1   
while sailing from ,valencia to ,italy1 
in the midst of a violent storm1 the    

rudder was broken1 and he and every one 
on board were convinced that the ship   
must founder unless help came from      
above4 ,then1 as he examined his        
conscience and prepared for death1 he   
had no dread on account of past sins1   
nor fear of eternal punishment1 but he  
experienced intense shame and sorrow at 
the thought of not having made a good   
use of the favors and graces which ,god 
had bestowed upon him4 ,again1 in the   
year #aeej1 he was dangerously ill1 and 
in his own judgment and that of others  
he was about to die4 ,this time1        
however1 whenever he thought of death1  
such consolation poured into his soul   
that he wept tears of joy4 ,he continued
 in this state so long that he often had
 to divert his mind from the thought of 
death1 lest he should find in the       
thought too much consolation4  ,in the  
beginning of another winter he became   
very ill1 and was placed under the care 
of the father of a man named ,ferrera1  
who afterward entered the service of    

,balthasar ,faria4 ,here he was very    
carefully attended4 ,several ladies of  
the highest rank were very devoted to   
him1 and came every night to watch      
beside him4 ,when he began to recover1  
he was still extremely weak1 and        
suffered from severe pains in the       
stomach4 ,these two causes1 together    
with the intense cold and the entreaties
 of his attendants1 induced him to wear 
shoes1 warmer clothing1 and a cap4 ,he  
was obliged to accept two small coats of
 coarse grayish stuff1 and a small cap  
of the same color4 ,during that illness 
his constant wish was to speak of       
spiritual things1 and to find some one  
who could talk upon such subjects4      
,meanwhile the time which he had        
determined upon for his journey to      
,jerusalem was approaching4  ,in the    
beginning of the year #aebc1 therefore1 
he set out for ,barcelona4 ,many offered
 to accompany him1 but he refused1 as he
 wished to go alone4 ,he expected to    
derive great advantage from placing his 

whole trust in ,god alone4 ,several were
 very earnest1 and insisted that as he  
knew neither ,latin nor ,italian1 he    
should not go alone1 but should take    
with him a certain companion whom they  
praised very much4 ,ignatius replied    
that even were he the son or brother of 
the ,duke of ,cordova1 he would not take
 him as a companion1 as he wished only  
three virtues1--,faith1 ,hope1 and      
,charity4 ,if he took a companion1 when 
hungry he would look to his companion   
for food2 if exhausted1 he would call on
 his companion for help2 and so he would
 confide in his companion1 and have some
 affection for him3 whereas he wished to
 place all this confidence1 hope1 and   
affection in ,god alone4 ,these words   
were not a mere expression of the lips1 
but they were the true sentiments of his
 heart4 ,for these reasons he wished to 
embark not only alone1 but even without 
any provision for the voyage4 ,when he  
arranged about his passage1 the captain 
agreed to take him free1 as he had no   

money2 but on condition that he should  
take with him as much sailors' bread as 
would suffice for his sustenance4 ,were 
it not for this condition imposed by the
 captain1 ,ignatius would have refused  
to take with him any provision at all4  
,when he thought of procuring bread1 he 
was much troubled with scruples4 ,is    
this your hope and faith in ,god1 who1  
you were sure1 would not fail you8 ,the 
force and violence of the temptation    
were such that he was greatly           
distressed4 ,good reasons on both sides 
presented themselves4 ,finally1 in his  
perplexity1 he determined to leave the  
matter to his confessor4 ,he told him   
first of his great desire to go to      
,jerusalem1 and to do everything for the
 greater glory of ,god4 ,then he gave   
the reasons for not taking provisions   
for the voyage4 ,his confessor decided  
that he ought to beg what was necessary 
and take it with him4 ,he went to a lady
 of rank to ask for what he needed4     
,when she asked where he was going1 he  

hesitated a little about telling his    
final destination1 and replied that he  
was going to ,italy and ,rome4 ,she was 
somewhat astonished at this1 and        
replied3 ,to ,rome8 ,why1 as to those   
who go there--well1 ,i do not like to   
say what they are when they return4 ,she
 meant by this that as most of those who
 went to ,rome did not go through       
motives of piety and devotion1 when they
 returned they were not much better4    
,the reason of his not openly declaring 
that he intended to go to the holy city 
of ,jerusalem was his dread of yielding 
to vain glory4 ,in fact1 he was so much 
troubled by this fear that he was afraid
 to make known even the place of his    
birth or the name of his family4 ,when  
he had secured the bread1 before going  
on board he took care to leave behind   
him1 on a bench on the wharf1 five or   
six ,spanish coins1 which had been given
 to him as alms4  ,illustration3 ,,our  
,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,wayside4 ,favorite  
,picture of ,st4 ,ignatius4  ,he was    

obliged to remain at ,barcelona more    
than twenty days before the ship was    
ready to sail4 ,during that time1 in    
accordance with his custom1 in order to 
speak with spiritual men about his soul1
 he sought them out even though dwelling
 in hermitages at a long distance from  
the city4 ,but neither then1 nor during 
the whole time of his stay at ,manresa1 
could he find any one who could help him
 to advance as he wished4 ,he met one   
woman1 however1 who seemed to be        
thoroughly acquainted with the spiritual
 life4 ,she promised to pray to ,jesus  
,christ and to ask ,him to appear to    
,ignatius in person4 ,in consequence of 
this promise1 after leaving ,barcelona1 
he gave up all anxiety about finding    
souls advanced in the spiritual life4   
,,chapter ,,iv  ,,his ,,journey ,,to    
,,rome1 ,,venice1 ,,jerusalem1 ,,and    
,,the ,,holy ,,land   ,after a voyage of
 five days and nights the vessel in     
which they set out from ,barcelona      
reached ,gaeta1 and the pilgrim         

disembarked and started for ,rome1      
although there was danger there on      
account of the plague4 ,after reaching  
the city1 he found the gates closed4 ,he
 spent the night in a damp church1 and  
in the morning sought to enter the city1
 but could not obtain permission4 ,as no
 alms could be obtained outside of the  
city1 he wished to go on to a           
neighboring village1 but for sheer      
weakness1 the pilgrim could go no       
farther4 ,on that day it happened that a
 great procession came out of the city4 
,on inquiry the pilgrim learned that the
 ,duchess was in the throng4 ,he        
approached her1 told her that his malady
 was simply the effect of weakness1 and 
asked permission to enter the city to   
get relief4 ,she readily consented4 ,he 
was successful and his strength         
returned1 and two days later he resumed 
his journey1 reaching ,rome on ,palm    
,sunday4  ,those whom he met at ,rome   
knew he had no money for his journey to 
,jerusalem4 ,they tried to dissuade him 

from his undertaking1 alleging that such
 a journey was impossible without money4
 ,he felt assured1 however1 that        
everything needed for his voyage would  
be at hand when required4 ,accordingly1 
on the octave of ,easter1 he received   
the blessing of ,adrian ,,vi and left   
,rome for ,venice4 ,he had in his       
possession six or seven pieces of gold  
which they had given him to pay his     
passage from ,venice as far as          
,jerusalem4 ,he had taken this money    
with him from ,venice only because they 
had convinced him that without it he    
could not reach ,jerusalem4 ,on the     
third day from the time he set out from 
,rome1 he realized that this fear had   
come from a want of confidence1 and was 
sorry he had accepted the money1 and was
 deliberating about giving it away4     
,finally1 however1 he determined to     
spend it on those he met1 who were      
chiefly beggars4 ,the result was that   
when he came to ,venice he had only four
 coins left1 and these were necessary   

for his lodging that night4  ,on this   
journey to ,venice1 on account of       
sentinels placed around the cities1 he  
was obliged to sleep outside the walls4 
,the dread of the pestilence was so     
great that one morning on rising he saw 
a man fleeing from him in terror4       
,pursuing his journey1 he reached       
,chizoa with several others who had     
joined him on the road4 ,there he       
learned that he would not be allowed to 
enter the city4 ,he then proceeded with 
his companions to ,padua1 to get the    
testimony of a notary that the party was
 not stricken with the plague4 ,ignatius
 could not1 on account of his weakness1 
keep pace with the others1 and was left 
alone in an open field4 ,then ,christ   
appeared to him1 as ,he had appeared on 
former occasions4 ,by this vision he was
 greatly strengthened and consoled4 ,the
 next morning1 filled with new courage1 
he came to the gate of the city1 and    
although provided with no certificate1  
entered unquestioned by the guard4 ,in  

the same way he left the city           
unquestioned4 ,his companions were      
surprised at this1 for they had to      
present a certificate1 which he had     
taken no pains to procure4 ,at ,venice  
they begged their food1 and slept in    
,st4 ,mark's ,square4 ,ignatius refused 
to go to the house of the ,ambassador1  
and although he made no effort to get   
money for his voyage to ,jerusalem1 he  
felt sure nevertheless that ,god would  
provide him with means4  ,one day he met
 a rich ,spaniard1 who asked him whither
 he was going1 and having learned his   
intention1 brought him to dine at his   
house4 ,here he remained for several    
days4 ,from the time he left ,manresa1  
,ignatius1 while seated at table with   
others1 had made it a practice never to 
speak except to give a brief answer to  
questions4 ,however1 he heard all that  
was said1 and took occasion after dinner
 to give the conversation a spiritual   
turn4 ,his host and all his family were 
so filled with admiration for him that  

they tried to induce him to remain with 
them1 and introduced him to the ,doge of
 ,venice4 ,the latter offered him       
accommodations on the government ship   
about to sail for ,cyprus4 ,many        
pilgrims had assembled at ,venice to go 
to ,jerusalem1 but the greater part     
hesitated through fear1 as the ,island  
of ,rhodes had fallen into the hands of 
the ,turks4 ,thirteen sailed in the     
pilgrims' ship1 which was the first to  
weigh anchor4 ,the government ship      
carried eight or nine4 ,about the time  
of departure ,ignatius was taken ill    
with a fever1 which lasted several days4
 ,on the day of sailing he took the     
prescribed medicine1 and asked the      
doctor if he could go4 ,the doctor      
replied he could if he wished the vessel
 to be his tomb4 ,nevertheless he went  
on board1 and after a fit of illness    
soon recovered4  ,the licentious conduct
 of those on board ,ignatius severely   
censured4 ,the ,spaniards advised him   
not to do this1 as the rest thought of  

abandoning him on an island4 ,but the   
wind quickly conveyed them to ,cyprus4  
,from ,cyprus they went to another port 
called ,salinae1 ten leagues distant4   
,here he went on board the ship of the  
pilgrims1 with no other provision than  
his hope in ,providence4 ,during all    
that voyage1 the ,lord often appeared to
 him1 and gave him great consolation4   
,the visions seemed to take the form of 
something large1 round1 and golden4 ,the
 travelers reached ,joppa1 and seated on
 asses1 after the custom of that region1
 they journeyed to ,jerusalem4 ,a noble 
,spanish gentleman1 named ,didacus      
,minez1 as the pilgrims came in sight of
 the city1 recommended silence and      
recollection4  ,all followed his        
suggestion1 and when they saw a monk    
approaching with a crucifix1 dismounted4
 ,on beholding the city1 ,ignatius was  
deeply affected1 and the rest affirmed  
that they experienced a sort of heavenly
 joy4 ,he always felt this same devotion
 whenever he visited the holy places4   

,he decided to remain in ,jerusalem1 in 
order to visit the holy places often4   
,for this purpose he had taken with him 
letters of recommendation to the ,father
 ,guardian4 ,on presenting them1 he said
 that he intended to remain there to    
satisfy his own devotion1 but said      
nothing of his purpose of helping       
others4 ,the ,father ,guardian told him 
he did not see how this could be        
possible1 as his house was not even     
capable of providing for his own        
,religious1 and he intended to send some
 away from the ,holy ,land4 ,ignatius   
said he wished him merely to hear his   
confession1 since he had come to make   
it4 ,the ,father ,guardian said this    
could be done1 but he should wait for   
the arrival of the ,provincial1 who was 
then at ,bethlehem4 ,relying on this    
promise1 ,ignatius began to write       
letters to spiritual persons at         
,barcelona4 ,he had written some on the 
day before he was to depart1 when he was
 summoned in the name of the ,father    

,guardian and the ,provincial4 ,then the
 ,provincial1 addressing him kindly1    
said he had heard of his pious          
determination to remain in the holy     
places1 and had given it serious        
thought4 ,many others had the same      
desire1 some had died1 others had been  
taken prisoners1 and to his ,order was  
left the work of ransoming captives1    
wherefore he should prepare himself to  
resume his journey with the pilgrims on 
the following day4 ,to this ,ignatius   
answered that his resolution was very   
fixed1 and he did not think that        
anything would keep him from executing  
it4 ,if the precept did not bind him    
under pain of sin1 he would not allow   
any fear to keep him from carrying out  
his desire4 ,the ,provincial said he had
 authority from the ,holy ,see to detain
 those he thought fit1 and to even      
excommunicate those who would not obey  
when stopped by him1 and he thought in  
this case it was better for him not to  
remain4 ,when he wished to show the     

pontifical papers giving him power to   
excommunicate1 ,ignatius said there was 
no need1 as he believed his word4 ,if   
they had the authority1 he would obey4  
,after this1 returning to where he was  
before1 he was seized with a great      
longing to visit ,mount ,olivet again   
before he departed1 since the ,divine   
,will would not suffer him to remain in 
those holy places4 ,on that mountain is 
a rock from which ,our ,lord ascended to
 heaven1 on which even now ,his         
footprints are visible4 ,and this is    
what he wished to see again4 ,therefore1
 without telling any one1 and without a 
guide1 although it was a dangerous thing
 to go without a ,turkish guard1        
secretly withdrawing he went to ,mount  
,olivet alone4 ,as the guards would not 
allow him to enter1 he gave them his    
knife4 ,after great consolation in      
prayer he desired to go to ,bethphage4  
,when he reached that place1 he thought 
that on ,mount ,olivet he had not       
noticed the position of the right foot  

of ,our ,lord and that of the left4 ,he 
came a second time1 and gave his        
scissors to the guards to allow him to  
enter4 ,afterward when at the monastery 
it was discovered he had gone without a 
guide1 a great search was made for him4 
,coming down from ,mount ,olivet he met 
a girdled ,christian1 those who are     
bound to wear a girdle to distinguish   
them from the ,mussulmans2 this man1    
pretending to be very angry1 threatened 
him with a large stick1 and approaching1
 firmly grasped him by the arm4 ,he     
allowed himself to be led1 but the good 
man once he had hold of him did not let 
him go4 ,in the meantime1 as he was thus
 led along a captive1 he was visited    
with great consolation1 as he seemed to 
see ,christ walking above him4 ,and this
 continued until he reached the         
monastery4     ,,chapter ,v  ,,his      
,,arrival ,,in ,,apulia1 ,,venice1      
,,ferrara1 ,,and ,,genoa--,,he ,,is     
,,apprehended ,,as ,a ,,spy--,,he ,,is  
,,despised ,,as ,a ,,fool--,,his        

,,studies ,,at ,,barcelona ,,and        
,,alcala   ,on the following day the    
pilgrims took their departure1 and      
arriving at ,cyprus1 were assigned to   
different vessels4 ,in the harbor of    
that place were three or four ships     
bound for ,venice4 ,of these one        
belonged to some ,turks2 another was too
 small2 but the third1 the property of a
 wealthy ,venetian1 was very large and  
strong4  ,some of the band asked the    
captain of this last to take the pilgrim
 aboard2 but1 finding that no pay was to
 be offered1 he refused1 in spite of the
 fact that many begged him and were loud
 in their praises of the pilgrim4 ,his  
reply was1 that if the pilgrim were     
indeed a holy man1 he might cross the   
sea as ,st4 ,james did4  ,the favor they
 asked was easily obtained of the       
captain of the smaller ship4  ,on a     
certain day they set sail with a        
favorable wind1 but toward evening a    
storm arose1 which tossed the vessels   
about in different directions4 ,the     

large ship1 whose captain had refused to
 take ,ignatius1 was driven by the      
tempest against the ,island of ,cyprus1 
and dashed to pieces4 ,a like fate      
overtook the ,turkish vessel4 ,the small
 ship1 however1 though for a long time  
severely tried by wind and waves1       
finally reached the shores of ,apulia in
 safety4  ,although the winter had set  
in with intense cold and a heavy fall of
 snow1 ,ignatius had no garments save a 
pair of knee-breeches of a very rough   
texture1 leaving the legs naked1 a black
 waistcoat open and quite ragged about  
his shoulders1 a light cloak made of    
coarse hair1 and a pair of shoes4 ,he   
arrived at ,venice about the middle of  
,january1 having spent a good part of   
the preceding month and all of ,november
 aboard the ship which carried him from 
,cyprus4  ,at ,venice1 he met a friend  
who had been kind to him on his way to  
,jerusalem4 ,from him he received alms  
and some cloth1 which he wrapped about  
his body as a protection against the    

intense cold4  ,when ,ignatius          
understood that ,god did not wish him to
 remain at ,jerusalem1 he began to      
consider what he should do4 ,the plan he
 approved and adopted was to enter upon 
a course of study in order to be better 
fitted to save souls4 ,for this purpose 
he determined to go to ,barcelona1 and  
setting out from ,venice he traveled    
toward ,genoa4  ,while praying at the   
principal church of ,ferrara1 he gave   
five or six coins to a beggar who asked 
an alms4 ,to a second beggar he was     
equally generous4 ,as soon as the       
beggars saw him so prodigal of his alms1
 they flocked around him1 until he had  
spent all the money that he had2 so when
 others approached to ask for           
assistance1 he excused himself on the   
plea that he had nothing left4  ,while  
proceeding from ,ferrara to ,genoa1 he  
met some ,spanish soldiers1 who treated 
him kindly1 and who were not a little   
surprised at his choosing such a route1 
since by so doing he was compelled to   

pass through the very midst of the      
armies of ,france and ,spain4 ,they     
entreated him therefore to take a safer 
road1 which they would point out to him1
 and to withdraw from the highway4  ,not
 following their counsel1 however1 he   
kept straight on until he came to a town
 fortified by strong walls4 ,seized as a
 spy1 the guards cast him into a small  
house not far from the gate1 and1 as is 
customary in such suspicious times1     
closely questioned him4 ,on all points1 
however1 he professed the greatest      
ignorance4 ,finally they searched his   
clothes and shoes to see if he bore any 
messages1 and finding nothing1 they led 
him into the presence of the captain4   
,they deprived him of his cloak1 leaving
 him only his waistcoat and             
knee-breeches4  ,as he was compelled to 
go about in this condition1 he recalled 
to mind the thought of ,christ led about
 as a captive4 ,although he was forced  
to walk through the three principal     
streets of the town1 he did so1 not with

 sadness1 but feeling great joy and     
consolation4  ,in addressing others he  
was in the habit of saying you1         
employing no other word either of       
reverence or dignity1 believing that    
such was the simplicity as well of the  
,apostles as of ,christ ,himself4       
,while being conducted through the      
different streets1 it occurred to him   
that it would be well to depart somewhat
 from his ordinary custom1 and to show  
greater respect to the commander of the 
place4 ,such a thought was by no means  
the outcome of the fear of any          
punishment which they might inflict4 ,he
 felt1 however1 that this was a         
temptation2 he said1 ,in that case ,i'll
 neither address him as a person of     
dignity1 nor bend the knee as a mark of 
respect1 nor even remove my hat in his  
presence4  ,having reached the residence
 of the commander1 he was made to wait  
some time in the courtyard before being 
summoned into his presence4 ,then1      
without manifesting the slightest degree

 of civility1 he so paused after each   
word he spoke as to be taken for a fool 
by the commander1 who said to his       
captors1 ,this man is an idiot2 restore 
what belongs to him and send him away4  
,a certain ,spaniard met ,ignatius      
coming from the house of the commander1 
led him home1 just as he was1 and gave  
him food and whatever was necessary for 
that night4  ,the next morning he       
resumed his journey until toward        
evening1 when1 espied by the soldiers of
 a fort1 he was seized and brought to   
the commander of the ,french forces4    
,the latter1 among other things1 asked  
where he came from4 ,when ,ignatius     
answered1 ,guipuscoa1 the officer said1 
,i also come from near that place2 and  
immediately he ordered ,ignatius to be  
conducted within to supper and to be    
treated with great kindness4  ,at       
,genoa1 he was recognized by a          
,cantabrian1 who had spoken with him    
elsewhere1 when in the army of his      
,catholic ,majesty4 ,through his        

influence1 he was taken on a ship bound 
for ,barcelona4 ,he came very near being
 taken captive by ,andrea ,dorea1 who   
was at that time in the service of the  
,french1 and gave chase to the vessel4  
,at ,barcelona1 he was enabled to study 
through the assistance of a noble and   
very pious lady1 ,isabel ,roser1 and a  
teacher1 named ,ardebal4 ,both highly   
approved his plan1 ,ardebal promising to
 give him instruction free1 while       
,isabel generously offered to provide   
him with everything necessary4  ,at     
,manresa1 there was a very holy monk1 of
 the ,order of ,st4 ,bernard1 with whom 
,ignatius wished to remain1 as well for 
his own personal guidance as to prepare 
himself to direct others4 ,he           
accordingly accepted the offer of his   
two generous friends on condition that  
what he sought could not be obtained at 
,manresa4 ,finding1 however1 that the   
monk had died1 he returned to ,barcelona
 and applied himself to study4 ,in this1
 however1 he was destined to meet with  

some difficulties4 ,in his studies1 the 
principles of grammar caused new        
spiritual thoughts and tastes to arise  
so abundantly1 as to render him         
incapable of committing anything to     
memory1 and though he strove hard1 he   
could not dispel these thoughts4        
,noticing1 however1 that while praying  
at ,mass he did not experience similar  
thoughts1 he considered this a          
temptation4 ,accordingly1 after praying 
for some time1 he asked his teacher to  
come to the ,church of ,blessed ,mary of
 the ,sea1 not far from the professor's 
house1 and there to listen to what he   
would tell him4 ,ignatius faithfully    
made known the whole state of his mind1 
and why he had as yet learned so little4
 ,but1 he said1 ,i promise not to be    
wanting in attention in school during   
these two years1 provided that at       
,barcelona ,i may be able to find bread 
and water4  ,such an acknowledgment was 
of the greatest efficacy1 and he never  
after experienced that temptation4 ,the 

pains of the stomach1 which afflicted   
him at ,manresa1 ceased1 and1 in fact1  
they did not trouble him from the time  
he set out for ,jerusalem4  ,while      
studying at ,barcelona1 he wished to    
practise his former penances4           
,accordingly1 making a hole in the soles
 of his shoes1 he tore them1 little by  
little1 until nothing but the upper     
portion was left4  ,his two years of    
study being completed1 in which1 they   
say1 he greatly advanced1 he was advised
 by his master to go to ,alcala to study
 philosophy1 as he was deemed ready for 
it4  ,before setting out1 however1 he   
wished to be examined by a certain      
theologian4 ,as he also gave him the    
same advice1 ,ignatius1 unaccompanied1  
started for ,alcala4 ,here he began to  
beg and live upon alms4 ,after ten or   
twelve days1 this kind of life drew upon
 him the contempt of a priest and of    
some others4 ,they began to insult him  
as one who preferred to live on alms1   
although quite able to support himself4 

,the superior of a new hospital1 seeing 
him thus rudely treated1 took him home1 
placed him in a room1 and liberally     
provided for his needs4  ,the time of   
his arrival at ,barcelona was about     
,lent of the year #aebd2 and as he      
remained there upwards of two years1 we 
do not find him at ,alcala until the    
year #aebf4 ,at the latter place he     
spent his time in studying the works of 
,scotus1 ,albertus1 ,alcuin1 and the    
,master of the ,sentences4 ,he was      
diligent also in giving the ,spiritual  
,exercises and explaining the ,christian
 doctrine1 by which he gave great glory 
to ,god1 as very many were thereby led  
to a knowledge and taste of spiritual   
things4 ,many1 however1 fell victims to 
various temptations1 an example of which
 is to be seen in one who was unable to 
scourge himself1 because1 as he fancied1
 his hand was held by some invisible    
agent4 ,because of such affairs1 and    
especially by reason of the great crowd 
of men coming to him when he explained  

the ,christian doctrine1 various rumors 
began to spread among the people4  ,when
 he first came to ,alcala a friendship  
sprang up between him and one ,didacus  
,guya1 who lived with his brother1 a    
painter4 ,through that friendship1      
,ignatius was abundantly supplied with  
all that was necessary2 hence he would  
bestow upon the poor the alms that he   
himself obtained1 and besides three     
other pilgrims stayed with him4  ,one   
day ,ignatius went to ,didacus to ask   
for alms in order to assist some poor   
people4 ,he replied that he had no      
money4 ,opening1 however1 a chest which 
belonged to him1 he took from it        
trappings of various colors1            
candlesticks1 and other objects1 which  
he gave to ,ignatius1 who distributed   
them to the poor4  ,many rumors1 as was 
stated above1 became widespread in      
,alcala1 and reached the ears even of   
the ,inquisitors who were at ,toledo1   
and who1 as their host testified1 styled
 ,ignatius and his associates1 ,legati  

or ,illuminati1 and threatened him with 
capital punishment4  ,the ,inquisitors  
who had come to ,alcala to investigate  
their actions left the entire affair in 
the hands of the ,vicar ,figueroa1 who  
was then negotiating with the ,emperor1 
and returned to ,toledo without having  
even once summoned them4 ,figueroa      
granted them the right to continue the  
work in which they were engaged1 and the
 ,inquisitors1 after mature             
deliberation1 discovered error neither  
in their doctrines nor in their manner  
of life4  ,they did not1 however1 favor 
their custom of dressing alike1 as they 
were not ,religious4 ,ignatius replied  
that the wish of the ,vicar would be    
obeyed1 but he added3 ,i do not see the 
fruit of these examinations1 since but a
 few days ago a certain priest refused  
holy communion to one1 on the plea that 
he had communicated but eight days      
before2 and to me1 indeed1 he gave it   
very reluctantly4 ,we would like to know
 whether or not we have been guilty of  

any heresy8 ,none1 replied ,figueroa1   
else you would have been led to the     
stake4 ,and they would likewise have led
 you to the stake1 responded ,ignatius1 
had you been convicted of heresy4  ,the 
dress was changed according to the wish 
of ,figueroa1 who also desired that the 
pilgrim should not go around barefooted 
for at least fifteen or twenty days4    
,this command was also obeyed4  ,four   
months after1 ,figueroa1 a second time1 
brought the ,inquisition to bear upon   
them1 influenced1 as ,i think1 by the   
fact that a certain married woman of    
rank1 who chanced to be singularly      
devoted to the pilgrim1 went in disguise
 at daybreak to visit ,ignatius at the  
hospital where he was staying4 ,but even
 on this occasion ,ignatius was not     
summoned to appear before the           
,inquisition2 nor was any sentence      
pronounced against him4     ,,chapter   
,,vi  ,,the ,,prisons ,,at ,,alcala     
,,and ,,salamanca   ,after the space of 
four months1 ,ignatius1 who did not     

remain at the hospital1 was taken from  
his lodging by a public officer1 who    
cast him into prison1 with the command  
not to depart until otherwise ordered4  
,this took place during the summer      
months1 and as the discipline of the    
prison was not very strict1 an          
opportunity of visiting him was afforded
 many persons1 to whom he explained the 
principles of ,christian faith and the  
,exercises1 as was his wont when        
enjoying perfect freedom4  ,many persons
 of rank were anxious to help him1 but  
he did not wish to avail himself of     
their offers4 ,one person especially1   
,lady ,teresa de ,cardena1 sent         
frequently1 offering to deliver him from
 prison4 ,he replied in these words1    
,he1 for whose love ,i am imprisoned1   
will free me when it may be ,his good   
pleasure4  ,he passed seventeen days in 
prison1--yet was totally ignorant of the
 cause1--when ,figueroa came to question
 him4 ,among other things1 he asked     
whether he commanded the observance of  

the ,sabbath4  ,among those who had     
frequently come to see ,ignatius were   
two persons1 a mother and daughter1 the 
latter of whom was young and beautiful4 
,these1 especially the daughter1 had    
made great progress in the spiritual    
life1 and although ladies of rank1 had  
determined to make a pilgrimage alone   
and on foot1 and beg their way to the   
shrine of ,veronica1 in the city of     
,jaen4  ,this occasioned so great a     
sensation throughout the city of ,alcala
 that ,dr4 ,giruellus1 who was the      
guardian of the two women1 thinking that
 ,ignatius was the cause of their       
action1 ordered him to be cast into     
prison4  ,as the ,vicar was willing to  
be fully informed1 ,ignatius said3      
,these women made known to me their     
desire of going about from place to     
place to assist the poor they found in  
the different hospitals4 ,i1 however1   
disapproved of their design1 on account 
of the daughter1 who was quite young and
 beautiful1 representing to them at the 

same time that if they felt strongly    
urged to assist the poor1 ,alcala       
presented a broad enough field for their
 labors1 and they could satisfy their   
devotion by accompanying the ,blessed   
,sacrament as it was being carried to   
the sick4 ,when ,ignatius had finished  
his account1 ,figueroa and the notary   
departed1 after writing down what had   
taken place4  ,calisto1 a companion of  
,ignatius1 and who on recovering from a 
severe illness had heard of the         
imprisonment of ,ignatius1 hastened from
 ,segovia1 where he was staying1 and    
came to ,alcala1 that he1 too1 might be 
cast into prison4  ,ignatius advised him
 to go to the ,vicar1 who received him  
kindly1 and promised to send him to     
prison4 ,it was necessary1 he said1 for 
him to be detained until the return of  
the women4 ,it could then be seen       
whether or not their account agreed with
 what he and ,ignatius had stated4  ,as 
the confinement was undermining         
,calisto's health1 ,ignatius1 through   

the intervention of a professor who was 
a friend of his1 obtained his           
liberation4  ,when ,ignatius had been in
 prison forty-two days1 the women       
returned4 ,he was once more visited by  
the notary1 who made known to him the   
condition on which he was to regain his 
freedom4 ,it was this3 ,he and his      
companions should wear the same style of
 clothing as the other students1 and    
refrain from preaching the truths of    
faith until they had finished four more 
years of study4 ,ignatius1 indeed1 had  
made more progress in his studies than  
the rest1 yet he confessed that he had  
not been solidly grounded4 ,and this he 
was always wont to say whenever he was  
questioned4  ,when ,ignatius heard the  
judgment passed upon himself and his    
companions1 he was at a loss what to do1
 for he saw very little chance of       
advancing the salvation of souls1       
hindered as he was for no other reason  
than that of not having completed a full
 course of study4  ,he finally resolved 

to trust the entire affair to the good  
sense and judgment of ,fonseca1         
,archbishop of ,toledo1 whom1 after     
leaving ,alcala1 he found at            
,valladolid4  ,to the ,archbishop1 then1
 he made known everything with the      
utmost fidelity1 and said that1 although
 it was not a matter pertaining either  
to his court or judgment1 he determined 
to act as the ,archbishop should advise4
  ,the ,archbishop received him         
cordially1 approving his intention of   
going to ,salamanca1 and assuring him   
that he would find friends there4       
,supplying him with everything necessary
 for his journey1 he dismissed him4     
,when sentence had been pronounced      
against them at ,alcala1 ,ignatius      
promised obedience1 but at the same time
 observed that they were too poor to    
provide themselves with new clothing4   
,hearing this1 the ,vicar himself       
supplied what they needed1 and they set 
out for ,alcala4  ,four of his          
companions had already taken up their   

abode at ,salamanca4 ,when he reached   
the city ,ignatius went to church to    
pray1 and was recognized by a pious     
lady1 who1 asking his name1 conducted   
him to his companions4 ,about ten or    
twelve days after their arrival at      
,salamanca1 a ,dominican monk1 to whom  
,ignatius had made his confession1      
pressed him to visit the convent1 as    
some of the ,religious wished to see    
him4  ,ignatius accepting the invitation
 in the name of the ,lord1 his confessor
 thought it well for him to come to dine
 the ,sunday following1 at the same time
 adding that many questions would be put
 to him4 ,on ,sunday1 therefore1 as was 
appointed1 the pilgrim came in company  
with ,calisto4  ,when dinner was over1  
the ,superior1 together with the        
confessor and others1 conducted         
,ignatius to a chapel1 and after        
expressing his pleasure at the good     
account received of him and his         
apostolic zeal1 manifested a desire of  
hearing a more full and exact account of

 his teaching4  ,he was first questioned
 in reference to his studies4 ,ignatius 
answered that he had spent more time in 
studying than his companions1 yet he    
confessed that his knowledge was not    
very extensive1 as he had never laid a  
solid foundation4  ,why1 then1 do you   
preach8 broke in the monk4 ,we do not   
preach1 replied ,ignatius2 we are wont  
to talk familiarly about divine things  
with some1 in much the same as after    
dinner we converse with our host4       
,about what divine things8 continued the
 monk2 this is the very point upon which
 we wish information4  ,about different 
virtues and vices1 rejoined ,ignatius1  
endeavoring to inculcate a love of      
virtue and a detestation of vice4  ,how 
comes it1 said the monk1 that you who   
are not learned should presume to       
converse upon virtue and vice8 ,no one  
is wont to engage in such a task unless 
he has acquired knowledge or has been   
taught by the ,holy ,ghost4 ,you confess
 ignorance of letters2 it follows then  

that ,he has been your director4 ,we    
wish to learn1 therefore1 what ,he has  
been pleased to make known to you4      
,ignatius at first made no reply1 as he 
felt such reasoning was without value4  
,soon1 however1 breaking the silence1 he
 remarked that there seemed no reason   
why he should say more upon the subject4
 ,as the monk still pressed him1 giving 
as a reason the fact that many were once
 more thrusting forward the erroneous   
doctrine of ,erasmus and others1        
,ignatius answered1 ,i will add no more 
to what has already been said1 unless   
questioned by those who have a right to 
expect an account from me4  ,previous to
 the present proceedings the monk wished
 to know why ,calisto was so strangely  
clothed1 for1 although of tall stature1 
he went about almost barelegged1 holding
 a staff in his hand1 and wearing a     
cloak much too short1 and a hat of      
enormous size4 ,the whole costume formed
 a rather ludicrous picture4  ,ignatius 
replied that although at ,alcala they   

were ordered to dress as the other      
students1 ,calisto had charitably given 
his clothes to a poor priest4  ,the monk
 showed himself displeased at this1     
remarking1 ,charity begins at home4     
,but to return to our former narrative4 
,when the monk saw ,ignatius fixed in   
his resolution1 ,you shall remain here1 
he said1 and we shall easily find a way 
of compelling you to make everything    
known4 ,immediately all the monks       
withdrew1 the subprior signifying his   
wish that ,ignatius should remain in the
 chapel4 ,the matter was then laid      
before the judges4 ,both ,ignatius and  
,calisto remained three days in the     
monastery1 taking their meals with the  
community1 before any decision of the   
judges was made known to them4 ,during  
this time the ,religious frequently     
visited their cells1 and ,ignatius never
 failed to speak with them in his       
accustomed manner4 ,this caused the     
monks to be divided in their opinion of 
him1 and many1 indeed1 showed themselves

 very kindly disposed4  ,on the third   
day a notary came to conduct them to    
prison4 ,they were not put with the     
common criminals1 but their place of    
confinement was nevertheless very       
repulsive4 ,in the centre of the cell   
there was a pillar to which was attached
 a chain but a few feet in length1 and  
so riveted to the prisoners that when   
either moved the other was obliged to   
follow him4 ,they passed that night     
without any sleep4 ,on the following    
day1 however1 the report spread that    
they were prisoners4 ,the people then   
hastened to supply them with all they   
needed4  ,ignatius1 as may readily be   
supposed1 lost no opportunity of        
speaking upon spiritual things with     
those who came to see them4  ,they were 
each separately examined by a friar1 to 
whom ,ignatius delivered all his        
writings4 ,among these were his         
,spiritual ,exercises1 that it might be 
seen whether or not they contained any  
false doctrine4 ,when asked about his   

other companions1 he told who and where 
they were4 ,they were arrested also1 and
 confined in separate apartments from   
that in which ,ignatius was placed4     
,although help was offered on this      
occasion1 he declined to accept it4     
,after a few days he was called into the
 presence of the judges and professors1 
who made him answer many questions1 not 
only on his ,spiritual ,exercises1 but  
even on articles of faith1 as1 for      
example1 the ,trinity and the ,blessed  
,sacrament1 requiring him to explain    
these mysteries4  ,so clear and exact   
was his explanation that his examiners  
could not find the least flaw in his    
doctrine4 ,he was equally correct in the
 answer to the friar who proposed a     
difficulty in ,canon ,law4  ,in every   
case he said that he did not know the   
decision of the professors4  ,when      
ordered to speak on the first           
commandment1 he gave so full and        
exhaustive an explanation as to leave to
 his hearers no further chance of       

questioning him4  ,although he had not  
completed his studies1 he frequently    
showed the difference between a mortal  
and a venial sin of thought4 ,while     
speaking about his ,exercises1 he was   
closely questioned4 ,to their questions1
 however1 he replied1 ,what ,i say is   
either false or true2 if false1 condemn 
it4 ,the doctrine remained uncondemned4 
,francis de ,mendoza1 afterward         
,cardinal of ,valencia1 was one of those
 who came to the prison to visit        
,ignatius4 ,one day1 while accompanied  
with the friar1 he asked him whether the
 prison and chains were not             
insupportable4 ,i shall give1 said      
,ignatius1 the reply made to-day to a   
woman who bewailed my lot4 ,for the love
 of ,jesus ,christ1 ,i gladly would wear
 all the handcuffs and chains that could
 be found in ,salamanca4 ,and if you    
consider this an evil1 you show that as 
yet you are not desirous of suffering   
imprisonment for the love of ,our ,lord4
  ,about this time it happened that all 

the inmates of the prison managed to    
escape1 leaving only ,ignatius and his  
companions4 ,when this became known it  
caused a reaction in their favor1 and   
they were placed for the time in a large
 building adjoining the prison4  ,on the
 twenty-second day of their imprisonment
 they were summoned to hear their       
sentence4  ,although they were declared 
to be free from reproach both in their  
lives and their doctrines1 and were     
allowed to continue their work of       
teaching the ,christian doctrine and of 
speaking on spiritual subjects1 yet they
 were forbidden to draw any distinction 
between mortal and venial sin1 until    
they should have spent four more years  
in study4  ,although ,ignatius was      
unwilling to accept the sentence1       
because1 though condemned in no respect1
 he was nevertheless prevented from     
assisting his neighbor1 he declared that
 he would submit as long as he remained 
in ,salamanca4  ,recommending the affair
 to ,god1 ,ignatius began to deliberate 

on his future plan of action4 ,he       
considered it a waste of time to remain 
at ,salamanca1 as the restriction laid  
upon him prevented him from assisting   
those for whose salvation he wished to  
labor4  ,he resolved1 accordingly1 to   
set out for ,paris for the purpose of   
there continuing his studies4  ,while   
studying at ,barcelona1 ,ignatius was in
 doubt whether1 after completing his    
studies1 he should enter some ,religious
 ,order1 or go from place to place1     
according to his custom4  ,he decided to
 enter upon the religious life4 ,his    
next step was to find some ,order where 
the primitive fervor had not relaxed1 as
 he felt that there he would be more    
sure of satisfying his desire of        
suffering and assisting others          
spiritually by bearing1 for the love of 
,god1 any injury or insult to which he  
might be subjected4  ,even while at     
,salamanca these desires were ever      
present to him4 ,to this end he directed
 all his studies1 endeavoring at the    

same time to persuade others to adopt a 
like course1 and to strengthen in their 
good resolutions those who had already  
embraced it4  ,when he had resolved to  
go to ,paris1 he communicated his design
 to his companions1 telling them to     
remain where they were1 until he could  
find a means of helping them in their   
studies4  ,many persons of rank         
endeavored to dissuade him from         
departing1 but all to no purpose4       
,placing the few books he possessed upon
 a little ass1 he took leave of his     
companions about fifteen or twenty days 
after they came out of prison4  ,those  
who met him at ,barcelona sought to     
deter him from going to ,france1 as at  
that time the war between the two       
countries was raging with great         
fierceness4 ,notwithstanding the many   
acts of cruelty inflicted by the ,french
 upon the ,spaniards1 many of whom had  
been impaled1 he persevered in his      
intention4     ,,chapter ,,vii  ,,his   
,,studies ,,in ,,paris1 ,,and ,,other   

,,incidents ,,of ,,his ,,life   ,he left
 for ,paris on foot and alone1 and1     
according to his own reckoning1 arrived 
there toward the beginning of ,february1
 #aebh4 ,while in prison1 the ,prince of
 ,spain was born1 and from this event we
 can determine the date of what preceded
 and followed4 ,at ,paris he lived with 
some ,spaniards1 and attended the       
lectures given at the ,college of       
,montaigu4 ,as he had been advanced too 
rapidly to the higher studies1 he       
returned to those of a lower grade1     
because he felt that in great part he   
lacked the proper groundwork4 ,he       
therefore studied in a class with       
children4 ,when he first came to ,paris1
 he received from a merchant twenty-five
 gold crowns on an order sent from      
,barcelona4 ,these he put for           
safekeeping in the hands of one of the  
,spaniards with whom he lived4 ,this    
latter very soon appropriated them for  
his own use1 and when called upon1 could
 not restore them4 ,the result was that 

when ,lent was over ,ignatius found     
himself unprovided for1 partly on       
account of the loss mentioned1 and      
partly on account of other expenses4 ,in
 consequence1 he was forced to seek his 
livelihood by begging1 and to leave the 
house where he lived4  ,afterward he was
 received into the ,hospital of ,st4    
,james1 near the ,church of the ,holy   
,innocents4 ,this residence proved no   
slight hindrance to his studies4 ,the   
hospital was at a great distance from   
the college1 and while he could not gain
 admission at night unless he returned  
before the sound of the ,angelus1 in the
 morning he was not allowed to depart   
before daylight4 ,he could not1 in      
consequence1 be present at1 nor give his
 time to1 the lectures with profit4 ,he 
found another hindrance1 also1 in loss  
of the time needed in getting alms      
wherewith to purchase food4  ,as he had 
not experienced interior spiritual      
suffering for almost five years1 he     
mortified himself by austere fasts and  

penances4 ,after he had spent some time 
in this way1 living in the hospital and 
begging his food1 he noticed that his   
progress in letters was not rapid4 ,he  
then considered what course to follow4  
,he had observed that many who lived as 
servants of the lecturers in the        
colleges had abundant time for study4   
,he resolved to seek some one whom he   
might serve in the same way4 ,he weighed
 the matter well1 and not without       
consolation thought of it as follows3 ,i
 shall imagine that my master is        
,christ1 and ,i shall call one of the   
students ,peter1 another ,john1 and to  
the rest ,i shall give the names of the 
remaining ,apostles4 ,then1 when my     
master gives me a command1 ,i shall     
think1 that ,christ commands me4 ,when  
any one else gives orders1 ,i shall     
think that the order comes from ,st4    
,peter or some other ,apostle4 ,he was  
very diligent in seeking a master1 and  
spoke of the matter to a bachelor and to
 a ,carthusian monk1 who knew many      

masters1 and to others1 but he was never
 able to find one4  ,deprived of every  
resource1 he was told by a ,spanish monk
 that it would be a wise step for him to
 go every year to ,flanders1 and there  
in two months he could procure enough   
for the whole year4 ,he approved of the 
plan1 after recommending the matter to  
,god4 ,on adopting this plan1 he brought
 back yearly from ,flanders whatever he 
needed for his maintenance4 ,once even  
he passed over into ,england1 and from  
there brought greater alms than he had  
gathered in the previous years4  ,when  
he first returned from ,flanders he     
began to devote himself earnestly to    
spiritual work4 ,about the same time he 
gave the ,exercises to three            
persons1--to ,peralta1 to ,castro1 a    
friend who dwelt at ,sorbonne1 and to a 
,cantabrian who lived in the ,college of
 ,st4 ,barbara1 by name ,amator4 ,a     
great change was made in the lives of   
these men4 ,at once they gave to the    
poor whatever they had1 even their      

books1 while they themselves began to   
live on the alms they begged1 and to    
dwell in the ,hospital of ,st4 ,james1  
where ,ignatius had previously dwelt1   
and which he left as stated above4 ,this
 incident aroused a great outcry in the 
,university of ,paris1 because the two  
first were very famous men4 ,the other  
,spaniards at once undertook to oppose  
them1 but unable to persuade them by any
 argument to return to the university1 a
 great crowd went armed to the hospital 
and led1 or rather dragged1 them away4  
,on coming to the university they agreed
 with their captors to complete their   
course of studies1 and afterward to     
follow out their determination4 ,castro 
went afterward to ,spain1 and after     
preaching for a while at ,burgos1 joined
 the ,order of the ,carthusians at      
,valencia4 ,peralta undertook a journey 
to ,jerusalem on foot and after the     
fashion of a pilgrim4 ,in this garb he  
was seized in ,italy by a military      
leader1 his relative1 who found a       

pretext for bringing him before the     
,sovereign ,pontiff1 from whom he       
obtained a command for ,peralta to      
return to ,spain4 ,all these events did 
not occur then1 but years afterward4    
,exaggerated reports arose against      
,ignatius at ,paris1 especially among   
the ,spaniards4 ,de ,govea was wont to  
say that ,amator1 who remained in his   
college1 had been brought by ,ignatius  
to the verge of insanity4 ,he therefore 
made up his mind that as soon as        
,ignatius came to the ,college of ,st4  
,barbara1 he would give him a public    
whipping as a seducer of the pupils4    
,now the ,spaniard who had spent the    
money of ,ignatius and had not paid him1
 had set out to journey to ,spain and   
fallen sick4 ,as soon as ,ignatius      
learned of this1 he was seized with a   
longing to visit and help him1 hoping by
 this to lead him to abandon the world  
and give himself wholly to ,god4 ,and   
indeed to accomplish this he wished to  
make the journey barefooted1 without    

food or drink4 ,while praying for this  
purpose1 he felt himself seized with    
great fear until1 entering the ,church  
of ,st4 ,dominic1 he resolved to make   
the journey in this manner4 ,the fear   
that it might be tempting ,god then left
 him2 on the morning of the following   
day1 upon arising1 so great a fear      
seized him that it seemed to him that he
 could not even put on his clothes4 ,in 
this interior strife he left the house  
and went out of the city1 and the fear  
did not leave him till he was nine miles
 from ,paris4 ,at this distance there is
 a village which the inhabitants call   
,argenteuil1 where the ,holy ,coat of   
,our ,lord is said to be preserved4 ,as 
he left this place in great trouble of  
spirit1 a feeling of great consolation  
and strength filled his soul with such  
joy that he began to shout aloud and to 
talk with ,god as he walked through the 
fields4 ,that night1 having completed   
forty-five miles1 he went to rest with a
 beggar in a hospital4 ,on the next day 

toward nightfall he lodged in a         
straw-thatched cabin4 ,on the third day 
he arrived on foot4 ,according to his   
resolve1 he took neither food nor drink4
 ,upon his arrival he consoled the sick 
man1 helped him on board a vessel which 
was about to sail for ,spain1 and gave  
him letters to his companions1 ,calisto1
 ,caceres1 and ,artiaga1 who were in    
,salamanca4 ,here we may dwell for a    
moment on the fate of these companions4 
,while ,ignatius was at ,paris he often 
sent them letters1 telling them of the  
little hope left of calling them to     
,paris for their studies4 ,still he     
urged by letter ,donna ,leonora de      
,mascarenas to use her influence with   
the ,king of ,portugal for ,calisto1    
that he might receive one of the burses 
which the ,king had established4 ,a     
certain yearly aid is called a burse4   
,donna ,leonora gave ,calisto a mule and
 money to take him to the court of the  
,king of ,portugal4 ,he set out1 but    
never reached that place4 ,he came back 

afterward to ,spain and went to ,india4 
,he returned rich1 to the great surprise
 of all at ,salamanca1 who had known him
 in former days4 ,caceres1 after        
returning to ,segovia1 his native city1 
began to grow unmindful of his former   
purpose and life4 ,artiaga was first    
made a magistrate4 ,afterward1 when the 
,society was established at ,rome1 a    
bishopric was given to him4 ,he wrote to
 ,ignatius1 ,i wish this bishopric to be
 given to one of the ,society4 ,but as  
soon as the answer came that this was   
not to be done1 he went to ,india1 was  
made bishop1 and died there a strange   
death4 ,while sick it chanced that two  
phials of liquid were placed in water to
 cool1 one containing a medicine ordered
 for him by the doctor1 the other a     
diluted poison called ,sollimanus4 ,his 
attendant gave him by mistake the       
poisoned draught1 which he drank1 and   
thus ended his life4  ,returning to     
,paris ,ignatius heard many rumors      
connecting his name with that of        

,caceres and ,peralta1 and learned that 
he had been summoned before the judge4  
,as he did not wish to remain in doubt1 
he went of his own accord to the        
,inquisitor1 a ,dominican friar4 ,i     
heard that ,i had been sought for1 and  
,i now present myself4 ,during the      
conversation he asked the ,inquisitor to
 terminate the matter speedily4 ,he had 
determined to begin his course in arts  
on the approaching feast of ,st4        
,remigius1 and therefore wished all     
other business completed in order to    
apply himself to his studies with       
greater profit4 ,the ,inquisitor on his 
part told him that it was true that     
certain charges had been made against   
him1 but he allowed him to depart1 and  
did not summon him again4  ,toward the  
first of ,october1 the feast of ,st4    
,remigius1 he began his course under the
 preceptor ,master ,john ,pegna1 with   
the intention of fostering the vocations
 of those who wished to serve ,god4 ,he 
intended to add others in order the more

 freely to give his mind to his studies4
 ,he followed the lectures in           
philosophy1 and experienced the same    
temptations with which he had been      
assailed when studying grammar at       
,barcelona4 ,during the lectures he was 
troubled by so many spiritual thoughts  
that he could not listen attentively4   
,accordingly1 as he saw he was making   
but little progress in his studies1 he  
spoke to his preceptor and promised to  
attend the lectures1 as long as he could
 find bread and water enough to keep him
 alive4 ,after making this promise1 all 
these untimely devotions ceased to      
disturb him1 and he quietly pursued his 
studies4 ,he was at this period a friend
 of ,peter ,faber and ,francis ,xavier1 
whom he afterward led to the service of 
,god by giving them the ,exercises4     
,during the last years he was not       
persecuted as at first4 ,speaking of    
this to him one day1 ,doctor ,fragus    
remarked that he was surprised that no  
one molested him4 ,ignatius replied3    

,this is owing to the fact that ,i do   
not speak on religious topics4 ,but when
 the course is completed1 we shall act  
as formerly4  ,during the course of this
 conversation a monk approached ,doctor 
,fragus and begged his aid in visiting a
 house1 in which there were many corpses
 of those whom he thought died of the   
plague4 ,at that time the plague was    
beginning to spread in ,paris4 ,doctor  
,fragus and ,ignatius wished to visit   
the house1 and procured the aid of a    
woman who was very skilful in detecting 
the disease4 ,after she had entered the 
house she answered that the plague was  
certainly there4 ,ignatius1 also1       
entered and consoled and revived a sick 
man he found lying there4 ,when he had  
touched the wounds with his hand1       
,ignatius departed alone4 ,his hand     
began to cause him great pain1 and it   
seemed as if he had caught the disease4 
,the fear that came upon him was so     
great that he was unable to vanquish and
 drive it away1 until with a great      

effort he placed his fingers in his     
mouth1 and for a long time kept them    
there1 saying1 ,if you have the plague  
in your hand1 you will also have it in  
your mouth4 ,as soon as this was done1  
the illusion left him and the pain he   
had felt in his hand ceased4  ,he was   
not allowed to enter the ,college of    
,st4 ,barbara where he was then living1 
for all fled from him when they learned 
that he had entered a house infected    
with the plague4 ,he was obliged to     
remain several days outside of the      
college4  ,at ,paris it is customary for
 those who follow the philosophical     
studies to receive in their third year  
the ,petra1 as it is called1 in order to
 obtain the bachelor's degree4 ,now     
those who are very poor are unable to   
comply with this custom1 as it costs a  
gold crown4 ,while ,ignatius was in     
great hesitation1 he submitted the      
matter to the judgment of his preceptor4
 ,the latter advised him to receive it4 
,he did so1 but not without a complaint 

on the part of some1 especially of a    
certain ,spaniard who had taken note of 
the fact4  ,while in ,paris he suffered 
great pains of the stomach for several  
days4 ,on the twenty-fifth day1 for the 
space of an hour1 a very severe pain    
seized him1 bringing with it a fever4   
,one day the pains lasted for sixteen or
 seventeen hours4 ,at that time he had  
already concluded his course1 had spent 
some years in the study of theology1 and
 had collected his companions4  ,as the 
disease grew worse day by day1 and the  
many remedies employed brought no       
relief1 the doctors said that the only  
one left for him was to revisit his     
native land1 as nothing but his native  
air could cure him4 ,his companions gave
 him the same advice4 ,by this time all 
had determined on their future conduct1 
namely1 to go first to ,venice1 and then
 to ,jerusalem1 where they would pass   
their whole life in helping souls4 ,if1 
however1 they should not be allowed to  
remain in ,jerusalem1 they were to      

return to ,rome and offer themselves to 
the ,sovereign ,pontiff1 ,christ's      
,vicar1 that he might use their aid as  
he thought would be for ,god's glory and
 the salvation of souls4 ,they also     
agreed to wait one year at ,venice for  
ships to carry them to the ,holy ,land2 
but if during the year no ship were at  
hand1 they should be absolved from the  
vow1 and go to the ,sovereign ,pontiff4 
,finally ,ignatius yielded to the advice
 of his companions1 in order to attend  
to their business in ,spain4 ,it was    
agreed among them1 that after the       
recovery of his health he should settle 
their affairs and they should go to     
,venice1 and there await him4  ,he left 
,paris in the year #aece1 but according 
to the agreement his companions were to 
leave two years afterward on the feast  
of the conversion of ,st4 ,paul4        
,however1 owing to the wars1 they were  
obliged to anticipate that time1 and to 
set out from ,paris in the month of     
,november in the year #aecf4 ,on the    

very eve of his departure1 as ,ignatius 
had heard that an accusation had been   
made against him before the ,inquisitor1
 while no summons had as yet been       
served1 he went to that official and    
stated what he had heard4 ,at the same  
time he told him that he had several    
companions1 and that he himself was     
about to travel to ,spain1 and requested
 that sentence should be passed upon    
him4 ,the ,inquisitor admitted that the 
accusation had been made1 but that he   
did not think it worthy of              
consideration4 ,he said that he wished  
merely to see the writings of ,ignatius1
 meaning the ,exercises4 ,having seen   
these he approved of them very highly1  
and begged ,ignatius to give him a copy4
 ,ignatius complied with his request1   
but insisted that his trial be brought  
to an end1 and that judgment be passed4 
,as his request met with a refusal1 he  
brought a notary and witnesses to the   
,inquisitor's house1 and received their 
testimony in writing concerning his     

innocence of the charges4     ,,chapter 
,,viii  ,,his ,,arrival ,,in ,,his      
,,native ,,land ,,and ,,the ,,virtues   
,,practised ,,there--,,his ,,journey    
,,into ,,spain ,,and ,,italy--,,the     
,,famous ,,apparition ,,and ,,his ,,life
 ,,in ,,the ,,same ,,place   ,after the 
event related in the last chapter1      
,ignatius mounted the little horse which
 his companions had purchased for him1  
and began his journey toward his native 
land4 ,even on the way he found his     
health improving4 ,as soon as he arrived
 in the province of ,guipuscoa1 his     
native country1 abandoning the common   
highway he followed a road through the  
mountains because it was less           
frequented4 ,he had advanced a short    
distance by this path when he saw two   
armed men approaching4 ,the place was   
famous as the haunt of murderers4 ,the  
men passed him a little and then        
turning1 hurried after him4 ,he was not 
a little frightened1 but still1         
addressing them1 he learned that they   

were his brother's servants sent to meet
 him4 ,for he had reason to believe that
 a warning of his coming was sent to his
 brother from ,bayonne in ,france1 where
 he had been recognized by several      
persons4 ,still ,ignatius kept on in the
 direction he had taken1 and shortly    
before he arrived in the town he met    
some priests coming to meet him4 ,they  
wished to bring him to his brother's    
home2 but their efforts were unavailing4
 ,he went to a public hospital1 and     
afterward1 at a suitable time1 begged   
for alms through the town4  ,many came  
to see him in the hospital4 ,he spoke to
 them1 and through ,god's grace gathered
 no little fruit4 ,upon his arrival1 he 
resolved to teach the ,christian        
doctrine to children every day4 ,his    
brother objected to this1 and assured   
him that no one would come4 ,in answer  
,ignatius said1 ,one is enough for me4  
,however1 as soon as he began to teach1 
many came regularly1 his brother among  
the number4 ,in addition to this1 on    

,sundays and feast days1 he also        
preached to the people with great fruit1
 and thousands came many miles to hear  
him4 ,he labored also for the removal of
 many abuses1 and through ,god's grace  
good results were obtained in many      
cases4 ,to give an example3 ,by his     
representations to the governor he      
obtained an order forbidding gambling   
and other disorders1 under great        
penalties4 ,he took means that the poor 
should be provided for publicly and     
regularly1 and that thrice a day1       
morning1 noon1 and evening1 according to
 the ,roman custom1 a signal should be  
given by ringing a bell for the recital 
of the ,angelus by the people4          
,although at first he enjoyed good      
health1 he afterward fell seriously ill4
 ,for this reason1 after his recovery1  
he determined to depart in order to     
accomplish the business which he had    
undertaken for his companions4 ,he      
resolved to set out on foot and without 
money4 ,his brother was grieved at this1

 and looked on it as a disgrace to      
himself4 ,ignatius concluded to yield   
this point1 and at last1 toward evening1
 he consented to be carried to the      
boundary of the province in company with
 his brother and relatives4  ,but as    
soon as he had left the province1 he    
dismounted and without receiving any    
sustenance for the journey he set out   
for ,pampeluna and thence to ,almazonus1
 the birthplace of ,father ,laynez4     
,then he traveled on to ,siguensa and to
 ,toledo1 and afterward from ,toledo to 
,valencia4 ,in all these cities1 the    
birthplaces of his companions1 he would 
receive nothing from their parents and  
relations1 although they offered him a  
great many things1 and begged him to    
accept them4 ,at ,valencia he had a     
conversation with ,castro4 ,when ready  
to embark at ,valencia to sail to       
,genoa1 several of his well-wishers     
dissuaded him1 because1 as they         
asserted1 the ,barbary pirates were on  
the sea with many large ships4 ,however1

 though they said a great deal to       
inspire fear1 still he did not hesitate4
 ,having gone aboard a vessel1 a great  
storm arose during the voyage4 ,this was
 mentioned before1 where ,ignatius      
describes the three occasions on which  
he was in danger of death4 ,on this     
journey he suffered a great deal1 as ,i 
shall now relate4 ,one day after landing
 he wandered from his path and followed 
a road which ran along the bank of a    
river4 ,the road was high1 while far    
below was the river deep and sluggish4  
,the farther he advanced1 the narrower  
grew the road4 ,at last he came to a    
spot where he could neither go forward  
nor backward4 ,he then began to advance 
on hands and feet and continued thus for
 a long time1 full of fear4 ,for as     
often as he moved it seemed to him that 
he would fall into the river4 ,this was 
the greatest of all the bodily labors   
that he ever experienced4 ,at last he   
escaped1 but just as he was entering    
,bologna he fell from a little bridge   

and was so wet and dirty from the mud   
and water as to afford much laughter to 
a great crowd who observed the accident4
 ,from his entrance into ,bologna until 
his departure he begged for alms1 and   
though he went through the whole city1  
he did not receive so much as a         
farthing4 ,as he was ill1 he rested for 
a while at ,bologna4 ,thence he directed
 his steps toward ,venice1 traveling    
always in the same way4 ,at ,venice he  
spent his time in giving the ,exercises 
and in other spiritual works4 ,those to 
whom he gave the ,exercises were ,peter 
,contarenus1 ,gaspar a ,doctis1 ,rozes a
 ,spaniard1 and another ,spaniard named 
,hozes1 who1 like the pilgrim1 was a    
great friend of the bishop4 ,hozes at   
first would not make the ,exercises1    
although he felt drawn to do so4 ,at    
last he resolved to undertake the work1 
and on the third or fourth day he opened
 his mind to ,ignatius4 ,he said that he
 had feared that by the ,exercises his  
mind might be imbued with false         

doctrines4 ,indeed1 he had been         
persuaded by a man to be on his guard1  
and for this reason he had brought along
 with him a book to use in case he were 
imposed on4 ,he made great progress in  
the ,exercises1 and finally embraced    
that manner of life which ,ignatius had 
established4 ,he was the first of the   
companions of the ,saint to die4  ,at   
,venice another persecution was stirred 
up against ,ignatius4 ,some asserted    
that he had been burned in effigy both  
in ,spain and in ,paris4 ,the matter    
went so far that he was brought to      
trial1 but obtained a favorable         
sentence4 ,at the beginning of the year 
#aech the nine companions came to       
,venice and were scattered about the    
city in various hospitals to minister to
 the sick4 ,after two or three months   
all journeyed to ,rome to receive the   
,pope's blessing before going to        
,jerusalem4 ,ignatius1 however1 did not 
go to ,rome on account of ,doctor ,ortiz
 and the ,theatine ,cardinal recently   

raised to that dignity4 ,the companions 
on their return brought the value of two
 or three hundred gold crowns which had 
been given to them as alms for their    
projected journey to ,jerusalem4 ,they  
would accept it only in the form of     
bills1 and when they were unable to make
 the voyage to ,jerusalem they returned 
it to those who had made the gift4 ,they
 returned to ,venice in the same manner 
that they had set out for ,rome4 ,they  
traveled on foot and begging1 divided   
into three parties1 as they were of     
different nationalities4 ,those who were
 not priests were ordained at ,venice1  
having received faculties from the      
,nuncio1 who was then in that city and  
who was afterward called ,cardinal      
,verallus4 ,they were promoted to the   
priesthood sub titulo paupertatis1      
having made vows of poverty and         
chastity4 ,that year no ships left for  
the ,east1 on account of the breach of  
the treaty between the ,venetians and   
,turks4 ,when1 therefore1 they saw their

 hopes deferred1 they dispersed into    
various parts of the ,venetian          
territory1 with the understanding that  
they should wait one year1 as they had  
previously resolved2 when that time had 
elapsed1 they were to return to ,rome if
 it was not possible to make the voyage4
 ,vicenza fell to the lot of ,ignatius4 
,his companions were ,faber and ,laynez4
 ,outside of the city they found a house
 that had neither door nor windows4     
,here they lived1 sleeping on a little  
straw which they had brought with them4 
,two of the three entered the city twice
 daily1 in the morning and evening1 to  
ask for alms4 ,they returned with so    
little that it hardly sufficed for their
 nourishment4 ,their usual food was     
bread1 when they could get it4 ,the one 
who chanced to remain at home did the   
baking4 ,in this way they spent forty   
days1 intent upon nothing but prayer4   
,after the forty days were over1 ,master
 ,john ,codurus arrived1 and the four   
determined to begin preaching4 ,on the  

same day and at the same hour1 in       
different squares1 all began to preach1 
having first uttered a great cry1 and   
having waved their hats with their hands
 to call the people4 ,these sermons     
caused great talk in the city1 and led  
many citizens to a devout life4 ,now the
 needed nourishment was supplied to them
 more abundantly4 ,while the pilgrim was
 at ,vicenza1 he had many spiritual     
visions4 ,consolations were sent to him 
in great number4 ,this was especially so
 at ,venice1 while he was preparing for 
the priesthood and for celebrating      
,mass4 ,on all his journeys1 he received
 great supernatural visitations1 like   
those which he had been wont to receive 
at ,manresa4  ,while still at ,venice he
 learned that one of his companions was 
sick unto death at ,bassanum4 ,he was   
himself ill with fever1 still he        
undertook the journey1 and walked so    
rapidly that ,faber1 his companion1 was 
unable to keep up with him4 ,on the way 
he received an assurance from ,god that 

his companion would not die of this     
illness4 ,as soon as they arrived at    
,bassanum1 the sick man was very much   
consoled1 and not long after grew       
better4 ,after this1 all returned to    
,vicenza1 and there the ten tarried for 
a while1 some going about the           
neighboring towns to beg for alms4  ,in 
the year that passed1 as no means could 
be had of journeying to ,jerusalem1 they
 set out on their way to ,rome1 divided 
into three or four parties4 ,on the     
journey ,ignatius experienced singular  
visitations from ,god4 ,after his       
reception of the priesthood1 he had     
resolved to put off the offering of his 
first ,mass for one year1 in order to   
prepare himself better1 and to ask the  
,most ,blessed ,virgin to place him near
 her ,son4 ,one day1 when he was a few  
miles from ,rome1 he entered a church to
 pray1 and there felt his soul so moved 
and changed1 and saw so clearly that    
,god the ,father placed him with ,christ
 ,his ,son1 that he did not dare to     

doubt it4 ,when ,ignatius was told that 
several other details were related by   
,laynez1 he replied3 ,whatever ,laynez  
said about the matter is true4 ,for my  
part1 ,i do not remember the            
particulars2 but1 he added1 ,i know for 
certain that when ,i related what       
happened ,i told nothing but the truth4 
,these were his words about the vision4 
,he referred me to ,laynez to verify    
what he narrated4  ,once ,ignatius left 
,rome for ,monte ,cassino1 to give the  
,exercises to ,doctor ,ortiz1 and spent 
forty days there4 ,one day1 at a certain
 hour1 in a vision1 he saw ,hozes       
entering heaven4 ,in this vision he shed
 abundant tears of consolation4 ,he saw 
this so clearly that if he were to say  
the contrary1 it would seem to him as if
 he were telling a lie4 ,he brought with
 him from ,monte ,cassino ,francis      
,strada4 ,after his return to ,rome1 he 
labored for the help of souls1 and gave 
the ,exercises to two different persons1
 one of whom dwelt near the ,sixtine    

,bridge1 the other near the ,church of  
,st4 ,mary ,major4 ,soon the people     
began to persecute ,ignatius and his    
companions4 ,michael was the first of   
all to be troublesome and to speak      
wickedly of ,ignatius1 and had him      
summoned before the governor for trial4 
,ignatius showed the governor a letter  
written by the same ,michael1 in which  
he commended ,ignatius very highly4 ,the
 governor examined ,michael1 and the    
result was that he was exiled from      
,rome4 ,after him followed ,mindarra and
 ,berrera1 who said that ,ignatius and  
his companions were fugitives from      
,spain1 ,paris1 and ,venice4 ,finally1  
however1 in the presence of the governor
 and ambassador then at ,rome1 both     
acknowledged that they had nothing which
 they could say against them with regard
 to their doctrines or their lives4 ,the
 ambassador ordered this lawsuit to be  
abandoned4 ,ignatius objected1 saying   
that he wished the sentence to be made  
clear and public4 ,this did not please  

the ambassador and the governor1 nor    
even those who had previously taken     
sides with ,ignatius4 ,a few months     
afterward the ,roman ,pontiff returned4 
,while he was at ,tusculum ,ignatius was
 admitted to an audience with the ,holy 
,father1 and having given some of his   
reasons1 he obtained what he wished4    
,the ,pope ordered sentence to be       
passed1 and it was given in favor of    
,ignatius and his companions4  ,through 
the labors of ,ignatius and his         
companions1 certain pious works were    
established at ,rome1 as that of        
,catechumens1 that of ,st4 ,martha1 and 
that of the ,orphans4 ,master ,natalis  
can tell the rest4     ,,appendix       
,,st4 ,,ignatius ,,and ,,his ,,work     
,,for ,,education  ,in the kingdom of   
,navarre1 in the north of ,spain1 among 
those mountains whence the armorers of  
,toledo drew their metal and forged for 
the world their trenchant steel1 in a   
region where the generous1 passionate1  
valiant people seemed to have formed    

their character on the austere grandeur 
of nature itself1 ,st4 ,ignatius was    
born4  ,the world represents him as a   
man of few and stern words1 in          
appearance severe and dark1 and yet a   
man in whom intellect is ever prominent1
 but intellect elevated by the grandeur 
of a soul of chivalry and by an         
exquisite delicacy of charity--this was 
the real character of ,st4 ,ignatius4   
,this will be seen in the brief glimpse 
given of his life and his spirit of     
charity1 his absorbing love for souls1  
in his work of founding missions1 his   
greatness of mind and heart1 in the work
 originated by him1 and carried on by   
his followers1 in the cause of higher   
education4  ,his character stands       
prominently on the horizon of history4  
,he cannot be ignored1 nor is his       
existence or his work ignored4  ,his    
enemies have not passed him by without  
notice1 and his friends1 the friends of 
,god1 have rejoiced that1 as ,god sent  
him forth to teach and produce fruit    

that the fruit might remain1 the fruit  
has remained4  ,st4 ,ignatius sends his 
voice down the centuries as a great     
individuality4 ,he has spoken as a man  
of ,god1 as a man of ideas1 a man of    
energy4 ,he has made his influence felt 
throughout the universe1 not only in the
 civilized world1 but in the uncivilized
 portion1 to bring it into civilization1
 or to bear to it the advantages of     
civilization4  ,other great men have    
spoken and have sent forth their        
influence4 ,theirs has been a message to
 the civilized world2 it has been       
limited to one point of view4 ,it has   
been prowess on the battlefield or on   
the seas1 work in the ship of state or  
in the fields of science4 ,but ,ignatius
 has not been limited to any one of     
these4 ,he is the founder of a          
,religious ,order that has sent pioneers
 into all these fields and forests of   
valor or research2 he is the writer of  
the ,spiritual ,exercises that have won 
a fame gained by but few authors2 he is 

the father of many saints2 he is the    
educator of generations2 he is the      
inspirer of scientific1 literary1       
theological1 philosophical              
investigation1 and the promoter of      
discoverers and of pioneer missionaries 
in the ,old and the ,new ,world4        
,ignatius was born1 in #adia1 at the    
chteau of ,loyola1 and at fifteen years 
of age he was a page in the court of    
,king ,ferdinand1 and then a soldier    
under the ,duke of ,navarre1 his        
relative4 ,the army of ,francis ,i      
penetrated into ,navarre1 and1 at the   
siege of ,pampeluna1 ,ignatius1 ,captain
 of ,infantry1 was wounded by a cannon  
ball4 ,his life is given in the         
preceding pages4  ,i shall refer only   
briefly to it1 and to his conversion4   
,he was a young knight fond of gayety   
and feats of arms1 and for some time    
after he received the wound he was      
confined to his bed while his broken leg
 was set2 and while awaiting his slow   
recovery he read the lives of the saints

 and of ,christ1 as these were the books
 given to him in place of the novels he 
had asked for1 as no others were in the 
house4  ,in reading the lives of the    
saints his heart was touched4 ,his eyes 
were opened to the vanity of life and   
the reality of eternity compared with   
the worldliness of the life he had been 
leading4 ,inspired with enthusiasm at   
the lives of the saints1 he said1 ,what 
they have done1 ,i can do4 ,the event of
 his life proved the earnestness of his 
purpose4  ,he resolved to undertake a   
life of penance and self-denial1 and1   
while occupied with these holy          
resolutions1 he wrote in a book the     
principal events of the life of ,christ 
and ,his glorious ,mother4 ,it was at   
this time that ,our ,lord sent him a    
vision to strengthen and console him4   
,he beheld one night1 as he was holding 
his vigils1 the glorious ,queen of the  
angels1 who appeared to him holding in  
her arms her ,blessed ,son1 enlightening
 him with the splendor of glory and     

charming him by her sweet presence4  ,to
 her he ascribes the inspiration of the 
,spiritual ,exercises1 and his ,order1  
imitating its founder1 has shown the    
most unbounded affection and devoted    
filial love toward the ,virgin ,mother  
of ,christ4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,at ,alcala ,st4    
,ignatius studied1 and there won for the
 ,society of ,jesus1 ,laynez1 ,salmeron1
 and ,babadilla4 ,he afterward founded  
there a college where ,vasquez1 ,suarez1
 and ,st4 ,francis ,borgia expounded the
 ,holy ,scriptures4 ,st4 ,ignatius sent 
,father de ,torres to ,salamanca to     
found the famous college where the      
illustrious professors1 ,cardinal de    
,lugo1 ,francis ,suarez1 ,maldonatus1   
,gregory of ,valencia1 ,francis ,ribera1
 and many other illustrious men were    
professors4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,at the ,university 
of ,paris1 in #aecd1 on the #adth of    
,march1 ,st4 ,ignatius received the     
degree of ,master of ,arts and ,doctor  

of ,philosophy1 having received the     
degree of ,bachelor of ,arts two years  
before4 ,the ,university of ,paris had  
the honor of having as pupils ,st4      
,ignatius1 ,st4 ,francis ,xavier1 ,peter
 ,faber1 ,claude le ,jay1 ,simon        
,rodriguez1 ,john ,codura1 ,paschasius1 
,brouet1 ,martin ,olave1 all honored    
with the academic degree4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,among   
the earlier colleges founded by ,st4    
,ignatius were the following3--  ,in    
#aedb the ,college of ,coimbra1 in      
,portugal1 arose4 ,in #aedf ,st4        
,francis ,borgia founded the ,college of
 ,gandia4 ,in #aeef the ,college of     
,ingolstadt was founded4 ,in #aeeb a    
college was founded at ,vienna1 and in  
#aeef one at ,prague4 ,in #aeec the     
,roman ,college was fully founded4 ,and 
in #aefh the colleges at ,lima1 ,peru4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,german ,college founded in ,rome  
by ,st4 ,ignatius produced many         
remarkable men4  ,from it came #a pope1 

,gregory ,,xv1 #bd cardinals1 #f        
electors of the ,empire1 #ai princes1   
#ba archbishops1 #aba titular bishops1  
#ajj bishops in partibus infidelium1 #f 
abbots or generals of religious orders1 
#aa martyrs of faith1 #ac martyrs of    
charity1 and #ee others1 conspicuous for
 piety and learning4  ,this was at the  
end of the eighteenth century4 ,in our  
own time in one classroom ,father       
,cardella counted seventeen different   
orders of all different nationalities   
present at the lectures of theology in  
the ,roman ,college4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,the ,roman
 ,college was the type of the ,jesuit   
,college4 ,it was begun by ,francis     
,borgia1 in #aeea1 at the foot of the   
,capitol in ,rome1 with fourteen members
 of the ,order and ,father ,john        
,peltier1 a ,frenchman1 as ,superior4   
,the professors taught rhetoric and     
three languages1--,hebrew1 ,greek1 and  
,latin4 ,there were present there at a  
given time #bajg students1 #cjj in      

theology4 ,the most eminent professors  
filled the chairs3 theologians like     
,suarez and ,vasquez2 commentators such 
as ,cornelius  ,lapide and ,maldonatus2 
founders of national history schools1 as
 ,mariana and ,pallavicini2 ,clavius1   
reformer of the ,gregorian ,calendar2   
,kircher1 universal in the exact        
sciences1 while the other colleges      
throughout the world remained provided  
with their own required forces and      
maintained their own prestige4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,from this college came forth           
distinguished men in every line of      
intellectual life1 and general eminence1
 men of elevated thought and of noble   
and generous minds4 ,in particular three
 characters came--young men that were to
 fill with admiration of their greatness
 the succeeding century4  ,stanislaus   
,kostka1 a ,polish noble who died at    
seventeen years of age2 ,aloysius       
,gonzaga1 an ,italian prince of         
twenty-three2 and ,john ,berchmans1 a   

,flemish townsman of twenty-two4  ,among
 some of the famous men educated by the 
,jesuits we find ,bossuet1 ,corneille1  
,molire1 ,tasso1 ,fontenelle1 ,diderot1 
,voltaire1 and ,bourdaloue1 himself a   
,jesuit4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,when ,pre ,pore replied to
 the remark that he was not one of the  
great poets1 he said1 ,at least you may 
grant that ,i have been able to make    
some of them4 ,a few others were        
,descartes1 ,buffon1 ,justus ,lipsius1  
,muratori the historian1 ,calderon1 and 
,vico1 the author of ,ideas of ,history1
 ,richelieu1 ,tilly1 ,malesherbes1 ,don 
,john of ,austria1 ,luxembourg1         
,esterhazy1 ,choiseul1 ,st4 ,francis de 
,sales1 ,lambertini1 afterward ,benedict
 ,,xiv1 the most learned of the popes1  
and the present ,pontiff1 ,pope ,leo    
,,xiii1 renowned for his learning and   
wisdom4  ,nearly all the ,jesuit writers
 had been ,jesuit professors1 with      
almost no exception1 and nearly all had 
taught humanities1 belles-lettres1 and  

rhetoric4 ,father ,southwell in #afgf   
numbers #bbdj authors1 and ,father de   
,backer in #ahgf counts #aa1ajj4        
,,authors  ,we find some remarkable     
authors among the ,jesuit writers4      
,foremost come the ,bollandists1        
renowned throughout the world for their 
monumental work1 the ,acta ,sanctorum4  
,similar gigantic works were carried on 
by ,fathers de ,backer1 ,sommervogel1   
and ,pachtler4 ,in the various branches 
of learning we need mention a few of the
 greater writers4  ,in astronomy1 we    
find ,ricci1 ,perry1 ,de ,vico1 ,secchi1
 ,curley1 ,sestini4  ,in mathematics1   
,hagen1 ,algu4  ,in naval tactics1 ,the 
,jesuit's ,book4  ,in archology1        
,garucci1 ,marchi1 the master of ,de    
,rossi4  ,in ,oriental languages1       
,strassmaier1 ,harvas1 ,maas1 ,van den  
,gheyn4  ,in theology1 ,suarez1         
,vasquez1 ,toletus1 ,maldonatus1        
,franzelin4  ,in philosophy1            
,cominbricenses1 ,liberatore4  ,in moral
 philosophy1 ,busenbaum1 ,gury1 ,toledo1

 ,ballerini1 ,layman1 ,lehmkuhl1        
,genicot4  ,in asceticism1 ,alvarez de  
,paz1 ,gaudier1 ,rodriguez1 ,scaramelli1
 ,grou4  ,the ,spiritual ,exercises     
comprise a whole library4 ,father       
,watragan has written a work merely to  
record the editions and commentaries on 
these ,exercises4   ,,the ,,educational 
,,plan ,,of ,,st4 ,,ignatius  ,st4      
,ignatius had gathered about him a body 
of picked men4 ,the ,roman ,college1 the
 type of colleges of ,jesuit education1 
would have for its professors only those
 who had been doctors of the ,university
 of ,paris4  ,the outline of the course 
of education was given by ,st4          
,ignatius4 ,it was completed and        
developed by ,aquaviva4 ,the work was   
still more perfected by ,father ,laynez1
 of whom it is said1--  ,st4 ,ignatius  
praised him not only on account of other
 great merits1 but particularly for     
devising and arranging the system of    
colleges4  ,as to the number of students
 found under a unified method of        

thorough teaching1 it will be           
interesting to take them in review4  ,in
 ,rome in #aehd1 the twenty colleges    
attending classes in the ,roman ,college
 numbered #bajh students1 in ,poland    
there were #aj1jjj young men chiefly of 
the nobility1 at ,rome #bjjj1 at ,la    
,flche #agjj4 ,in the seventeenth       
century at the ,college of ,louis le    
,grand1 in ,paris1 the number varied    
between #bjjj and #cjjj4 ,in #afbg the  
,province of ,paris had in fourteen     
colleges #ac1aie students4  ,the papal  
seminaries under ,gregory ,,xiii1 at    
,vienna1 ,dillengen1 ,fulda1 ,prague1   
,grtz1 ,olmtz1 ,wilna1 as well as in    
,japan1 were directed by the ,fathers1  
as also that of ,pius ,v and of ,st4    
,charles ,borromeo at ,milan4  ,taking  
an average1 there were more than two    
hundred thousand students being educated
 in these educational institutions4  ,a 
comparison could be made on this basis  
of the work done by the ,order and that 
which is accomplished by ,oxford4  ,if  

,oxford spends annually a revenue of    
#b1ejj1jjj to supply facilities for     
higher education to two thousand of the 
nobility and gentry1 how much would be  
required to educate a quarter of a      
million students1--not two thousand1 but
 two hundred and fifty thousand8  ,the  
fundamental principles in the           
educational institute of ,st4 ,ignatius 
were these3--  ,first1 solidity and     
thoroughness4  ,the first condition of  
all higher studies as well as of lower  
studies was such that1 as ,st4 ,ignatius
 said1 ,it was useless to begin at the  
top1 as the edifice without a good      
foundation would never stand4  ,let     
literature and philosophy be gone       
through with satisfactorily1 and then   
theology may be approached4  ,literature
 must come first of all4 ,st4 ,ignatius 
provides for law and medicine1 but by   
professors of law and medicine outside  
of the ,order2 but no professors of the 
,order were sent for work outside of    
,jesuit institutions4 ,if the younger   

men were sent abroad1 the younger       
generation would be deprived of that    
type2 and if eminent men were sent forth
 without a permanent ,jesuit ,college1  
the work would not be that of the       
,order1 but of scattered individuals1   
and would soon perish4  ,in the cause of
 education ,st4 ,ignatius had placed in 
his charter the watchwords ,defence and 
,advance4 ,as a leader of a military    
type he had gathered about him the      
flower of youth and of mature age1 from 
college and university1 from doctor's   
chair and prince's throne1 and in       
fifteen years from the foundation of the
 ,order left one hundred colleges and   
houses in ,portugal1 ,spain1 ,italy1    
,sicily1 ,germany1 ,france1 ,brazil1 and
 the ,east ,indies4 ,xavier traveled    
from ,india and ,ceylon1 in the west1 to
 ,malucca1 ,japan1 and the coast of     
,china on the east4 ,wherever the energy
 and activity of ,apostolic zeal        
penetrated it was with the purpose1 and 
usually the result1 of permanent        

,apostolic work in the foundation of    
educational institutions4 ,father de    
,backer says1--  ,wherever a ,jesuit set
 his foot1 wherever there was founded a 
house1 a college1 a mission1 there too  
came apostles of another class1 who     
labored1 who taught1 who wrote4  ,this  
is true even to our day where in the    
,rocky ,mountains1 beside the mission   
house of ,spokane ,falls1 rises the     
,jesuit ,college of ,spokane4  ,sixty   
years later than the time of ,st4       
,ignatius there were #bgb colleges1 and 
in #aej years the collegiate and        
university houses of education numbered 
#gfi4  ,looking at these seven hundred  
institutions of secondary and superior  
education1 says ,father ,thomas ,hughes 
in his work on ,loyola1 in their scope  
of legislative executive power we find  
they were not so much a plurality of    
institutions as a single one4  ,if we   
look at the #ib colleges in ,france1    
although the ,university of ,paris was  
in one quarter of the city1 and in that 

sense materially one1--although         
including #ej colleges1--yet in the     
formal and essential bond these #ib     
,jesuit colleges were vastly more of a  
unit as an identical educational power  
than any faculty existing4 ,no faculty  
at ,paris1 ,rome1 ,salamanca1 or ,oxford
 ever preserved the control over its    
#ej1 #bj1 or #h colleges that each      
,provincial exercised over his #aj1 #bj1
 or #cj colleges1 or the general of the 
,order over the #gjj colleges1 with     
#bb1abf members in the ,order4  ,at the 
present day we find the ,jesuit colleges
 in almost every part of the known      
world4 ,in ,rome and in ,china1 in      
,south ,africa and ,north ,america1 in  
the ,philippine ,islands as well as in  
,ceylon and ,egypt1 in ,australia and   
,cuba1 as well as in ,syria and the city
 of ,new ,york4  ,we may glance briefly 
at the colleges scattered over the      
world1 containing to-day #eb1fib ,jesuit
 pupils4  ,this is a larger number than 
those taught at ,oxford and ,cambridge  

and ,glasgow and ,harvard or ,yale or   
,princeton or in ,paris and ,edinburgh4 
,in the ,jesuit ,college at ,rome there 
are #bjhb students4    ,in ,brazil1     
#geg      ,naples1                      
#ifj      ,denver1                      
#ajj      ,sicily1                      
#cgf      ,turin1                       
#eaf      ,california1                  
#hej      ,rocky ,mountains1            
#gb      ,venice1                       
#ebj      ,mangalore 7,india71          
#dhc      ,austria1                     
#agdf      ,egypt1                      
#ejj      ,toulouse1                    
#aeha      ,madura1                     
#ahjj      ,aragon1                     
#adad      ,manila        ,philippine   
,islands1          ,municipal ,atheneum1
       #aabc        ,normal ,school1    
#fhj      ,chili and ,paraguay1         
#diac      ,castile1                    
#bjgc      ,cuba1 ,havana1 and          
,cienfuegos1  #cig      ,colombia1      
#gff      ,portugal1                    

#efj      ,belgium1                     
#ffeh      ,bengal1                     
#ihc      ,ceylon1                      
#ce      ,galicia1                      
#dgd      ,germany1                     
#cddc      ,holland1                    
#fac      ,france1                      
#cchd      ,china1                      
#abb      ,lyons1                       
#baia      ,syria1                      
#fjh      ,mexico1                      
#fhd      ,toledo1                      
#ghb      ,ecuador and ,peru1           
#hbj      ,england1                     
#aded      ,zambesi1                    
#fd      ,ireland1                      
#hhc      ,australia1                   
#ddg      ,new ,york and ,maryland1     
#bhae      ,jamaica1 ,west ,indies1     
#fj      ,missouri1                     
#bjfa      ,b4 ,honduras1               
#babb      ,canada1                     
#eaa      ,new ,orleans1                
#ejd  ,thus the total number of         
students--studying with professors of   

the ,society of ,jesus under one        
university system in all parts of the   
known world--is #eb1fib4  ,there has    
been no going back4 ,fifty years ago1   
when the groundwork of rebuilding the   
#gjj institutions that had been         
destroyed by the suppression had to be  
commenced all over again1 there were but
 #ae1jjj1 to-day there are #eb1fib4     
,st4 ,ignatius was born in #adia4 ,the  
first ,college of ,coimbra was founded  
in #aedb4 ,from #aedb to #aggc is a     
period of #bca years4 ,the suppression  
lasted from #aggc to #ahad 7#da years74 
,the new work continued from #ahad to   
#ahii1 a period of #he years4  ,among   
the colleges founded in the chief cities
 of the world are ,loyola ,college1 at  
,loyola in ,spain2 ,st4 ,omer's         
,college1 in ,belgium1 the link between 
,europe and ,america2 ,stonyhurst       
,college1 in ,england2 ,clongoes ,wood1 
,ireland2 ,mangalore1 in ,india1 the    
only first-grade college in the         
district2 ,melbourne1 ,australia2 ,st4  

,ignatius ,college1 ,california1 the    
pioneer of ,pacific coast missions and  
of the ,rocky ,mountains2 at ,kansas    
,city the only boarding college in the  
far ,west2 ,st4 ,ignatius1 at           
,cleveland1 ,ohio1 one of the latest    
,western colleges2 ,spring ,hill        
,college1 at ,mobile1 ,alabama2         
,georgetown ,college1 at ,washington1   
,d4,c42 ,holy ,cross ,college1 at       
,worcester1 ,massachusetts2 ,st4 ,john's
 ,college1 at ,fordham1 ,new ,york2 ,st4
 ,francis ,xavier's ,college1 in ,new   
,york ,city4  ,in the proportion        
mentioned above1 in the same period     
7that is1 a period of #bca years71 there
 will be in the ,jesuit colleges        
#bfc1fij pupils4  ,st4 ,ignatius died   
,july #ca1 #aeef4 ,he was sixty-five    
years of age4 ,at the age of thirty he  
hung up his sword at ,montserrat1 and1  
with ready mind and heart and pen1 in   
thirty-five years he achieved the       
gigantic work of the founding and       
developing the ,order4 ,the educational 

work was projected and advanced in a    
brief period of fifteen years1 from     
#aedb to #aeef4  ,he was a man of       
prudence and deliberation1 and of       
unswerving decision4  ,vigilant and     
patient1 whenever he appeared account   
had to be taken of the man2 and so with 
his ,order1 whenever it appears it is to
 be recognized either by foes to oppose 
it or friends to love it and forward its
 work4 ,it has its churches--its        
missions--its colleges4 ,in its churches
 it is faithful to the teaching of      
,christ and ,his ,church1 loyal ever to 
the ,vicar of ,christ2 in its missions1 
unbounded in zeal and personal          
self-sacrifice2 in its colleges1 it aims
 ever at the solid and thorough training
 of complete ,christian education4      
,ignatius of ,loyola made his ,order to 
go on without him1 and it goes on just  
as he made it4         99       99      
99       99       99                    
,,printed ,,by ,,benziger ,,brothers1   
,,new ,,york