,libr>ies47 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,9 ?is etext1 emphasis is repres5t$ z3- bold italic subscript ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,! ,,production ,,( ,v9eg> f ,honey4 ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,g]>d ,w4 ,,bancks1 ,m4,a4 ,,f\r? ,,edition4 ,ent]$ at ,/ation]s' ,hall4 ,,p]ry ,,son1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,d>t=d1 ,,& #d4 ,,paul ,,bakeh\se ,,c\rt1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 #aije4 ,,! ,,production ,,( ,,v9eg> f ,,honey4 ,v9eg>1 or dilute acetic acid1 is produc$ by a process ( f]m5tation f c]ta9 vegetable sub/ances4 ,aft] alcoholic f]m5tation has tak5 place !re foll[s1 "u suitable conditions1 a fur!r decomposition1 by means ( :i* ! alcohol is conv]t$ into a m highly oxidiz$ body1 acetic acid1 ) wat] z a by-product4#a ,^! conditions require t ! liquid %all conta9 alcohol1 nitrog5\s matt]1 & alkal9e salts 9 c]ta9 proportions1 & t x %all be 9 contact ) ! air1 at a suitable temp]ature1 = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t4 ,! rese>*es ( ,pa/eur %[$ ! process ( oxidation to be due to a microscopical fungus 7mycod]ma aceti71 possess+ ! p[] ( cond5s+ oxyg5 & convey+ x to ! f]m5table sub/ance4 ,?is organism1 :i* is a true bact]ium1 z ! f]m5tation proce$s1 =ms a lea!ry membrane 7slightly diff]+ accord+ to ! sub/ance f]m5t+7 on ! surface ( ! liquor1 :i* con/itutes ! s-call$ "m ( v9eg>1 or v9eg> plant4 ,! oxidation ( alcohol into acetic acid c also be p]=m$ indep5d5tly ( ! organic ag5t4 ,f9ely divid$ plat9um1 = in/ance1 is capable ( effect+ dis9tegration ( ! alcohol1 & ( plac+ x 9 imm$iate contact ) ! oxyg5 ( ! atmosph]e1 ?us accompli%+ ! acetification4 ,v9eg>1 on ! cont95t1 is prep>$ f weak or s\r w9e1 h5ce its "n 7v9 aigre47 ,9 ?is c\ntry x is1 to a l>ge ext5t1 produc$ f an infusion ( malt1 b consid]able quantities ( inf]ior quality are made f s\r be]1 etc4 ,! v9eg>s ?us produc$1 if prop]ly purifi$1 & provid+ no injuri\s adult]ants are resort$ to1 are1 = _m purposes1 almo/ all t c be desir$2 b = table use1 = sauces & salads1 :]e delicacy ( flav\r is appreciat$1 & = m$ic9al purposes :]e pur5ess & :olesom5ess are ess5tial1 ,i v5ture to say t no v9eg> c be comp>$ ) t produc$ f ,honey4 ,9 ! fir/ place x possesses a delici\s flav\r & aroma1 altoge!r lack+ 9 ! ord9>y v9eg>4 ,agreeabl5ess ( ta/e & smell are to a l>ge ext5t dep5d5t ^u ! sub/ance f :i* ! v9eg> is manufactur$1 & x is impossible to supply ^! artificially4 ,t ! malt v9eg> manufactur$ 9 ?is c\ntry is conspicu\sly want+ 9 ^! qualities mu/ be a matt] ( g5]al exp]i5ce4 ,moreov]1 ow+ to its great *eapness1 acetic acid di/ill$ f wood 7besides be+ employ$ = pickl+ & o!r purposes1 = :i* x is well adapt$71 dilut$ & treat$ ) volatile oils1 is e ye> sup]s$+ to a l>g] ext5t ! v9eg>s 9 g5]al use4 ,t ?is be>s no comp>ison z reg>ds ! agreeable qualities1 ev5 ) ! ord9>y v9eg>s1 ne$ sc>cely be po9t$ out4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,honey1 ( all sac*>9e sub/ances1 conta9+ z x does all ! ess5tials = h>moni\s b\quet & flav\r1 is ! "o p> excell5ce1 f :i* we might expect to produce an ideal v9eg>4 ,! result is f\nd amply to ju/ify ! anticipation1 & t its sup]iority 9 ?is respect w be duly appreciat$ by ! connoisseur 9 salads & condim5ts goes )\t say+2 b1 inde$1 s m>k$ is ?is di/9ction t ,i v5ture to ?9k x w\ld be readily admitt$ by all :o gave x a trial4 ,on ! gr\nd ( :olesom5ess honey v9eg> is to be pref]r$4 ,x has be5 cle>ly asc]ta9$ t l>ge quantities ( v9eg> sold 9 ?is c\ntry conta9 injuri\s adult]ants & impurities4 ,_m samples1 ^u analysis1 h be5 f\nd to include a consid]able p]c5tage ( sulphuric acid1 or nitric acid1 add$ ei!r z a pres]vative or to increase ! acidity4 ,o!rs h conta9$1 z ! results ( c>elessness 9 manufacture1 su* poison\s +r$i5ts z copp]1 ars5ic1 & lead4 ,little wond] t disagreeable consequ5ces s (t5 foll[ ! tak+ ( v9eg>1 ev5 9 small quantities6 ,immunity f ^! impurities & adult]ants1 produc+ z !y s frequ5tly d injuri\s effects1 especially 9 ! case ( invalids1 is surely greatly to be desir$1 & e possible improvem5t1 ei!r 9 respect ( ! mat]ial employ$ or 9 ! process ( manufacture ( s important an article ( consumption1 surely des]ves to receive ! mo/ c>eful att5tion4 ,,mode ,,( ,,production4 ,if honey & wat] 9 prop] proportions be expos$ to ! atmosph]e1 at a suitable temp]ature1 = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t1 acetic f]m5tation w 9 due c\rse ensue4 ,at ! same "t1 to obta9 ! be/ results1 c>eful att5tion mu/ be giv5 to c]ta9 details1 & v>i\s precautions tak54 ,! alcoholic f]m5t mu/ be c>ri$ on "u suitable conditions1 9 ord] t x may be complete4 ,! temp]ature mu/ be nei!r too high1 nor too l[4 ,suitable & suffici5t nutri5t mat]ial also = ! f]m5t g]m mu/ be pres5t2 t is a prop] proportion ( nitrog5\s matt]1 toge!r ) c]ta9 inorganic salts1 :i* may be add$ 9 ! =m ( a little ammonium phosphate & potassium t>trate4 ,! acetic f]m5tation :i* foll[s mu/ also be regulat$ ) due c>e1 & n all[$ to cont9ue long] ?an necess>y1 or det]ioration ( ! liquor w take place ) a gradual loss ( acidity4 ,! f9+ also ( ! liquor mu/ be c>efully att5d$ to1 9 ord] to r5d] x p]fectly cle> & bright4 ,& f9ally1 x is only :5 ! alcoholic & acetic f]m5tations h be5 effect$1 9 a completely satisfactory mann]1 & ! v9eg> /or$ = a suffici5tly long p]iod "u ! mo/ suitable conditions1 t ! rip5+ process is effect$1 )\t :i* x w be f\nd lack+ 9 t agreeable flav\r & aroma :i* are its special *>act]i/ics4 ,sid5ote3 ,proportion ( ,honey to ,wat]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we h to det]m9e ! prop] proportion ( honey to wat]4 ,comm]cial ,v9eg> is requir$ by law to conta9 a m9imum ( #c p] c5t4 acetic acid4#b ,pro( ,v9eg> conta9s #ed p] c5t41 ) a specific gravity ( #ajjf to #ajai4 ,= all ord9>y purposes ?is is a conv5i5t /r5g? & fir/-class v9eg>s conta9 ab\t ?is p]c5tage4 ,( c\rse1 ! p]c5tage ( acetic acid is dep5d5t on a satisfactory alcoholic f]m5tation & suitable conditions = ! developm5t ( ! acetic g]m2 b1 suppos+ ! conditions fav\rable1 x is possible to obta9 f an aque\s solution ( #a "p honey to #h ( wat]1 ab\t #e p] c5t4 acetic acid4 ,a suitable proportion w ?us be #a "p honey to f #g to #h p>ts ( wat] by weight4 ,sid5ote3 ,suitable ,receptacles4 ,:5 made 9 small quantities almo/ any op5 vessel w s]ve z a receptacle = ! liquor1 always except+ glaz$ or metal ones1 9 :i* v9eg> mu/ nev] be all[$ to /&4 ,ow+ to ! solv5t effects ( ! acid1 ! liquor is1 9 ^! cases1 liable to be injuri\sly contam9at$4 ,! vessel us$ %\ld be cov]$ ) musl9 or cream clo?1 to protect f insects1 etc4 ,a small cask is also a conv5i5t receptacle1 b ?is %\ld n be fill$ m ?an ?ree p>ts full & ! bung hole mu/ be left op51 protect$ ) gauze or o!r co>se mat]ial4#c ,sid5ote3 ,/>t+ ! ,f]m5tation4 ,9 due c\rse1 if left alone1 alcoholic f]m5tation1 by a natural process1 w be set up2 b ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 f my own exp]i5ce1 t x is be/ to add1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 a small quantity ( yea/4 ,if1 z sometimes happ5s1 ! f]m5tative action be too sl[1 putrefaction ( a portion is liable to take place1 & ! v9eg> is spoilt4 ,! acetic f]m5tation is accel]at$ by ! addition ( v9eg> plant1 & also by ! pres5ce f ! comm5cem5t ( a small quantity ( v9eg>4 ,sid5ote3 ,temp]ature4 ,a suitable temp]ature is #gj deg4 ,fah41 or f t to #hj deg4 ,summ] is !re=e by f> ! be/ "t = v9eg> mak+1 z ?is temp]ature is !n easily obta9able1 especially if ! vessel be expos$ to ! heat ( ! sun4 ,at a little ov] #ajj deg4 ,fah4 ! developm5t ( ! acetic g]m ceases1 :ile bel[ #fh deg4 x is gradually arre/$4 ,sid5ote3 ,duration ( ,process4 ,! l5g? ( "t be=e ! completion ( ! process v>ies accord+ to circum/ances4 ,:ile usually1 "u completely fav\rable conditions1 9 f six to eight weeks suffici5t acetification has tak5 place1 n unfrequ5tly a long] p]iod is requir$4 ,sid5ote3 ,rack+ & ,cle>+4 ,:5 ! prop] degree ( acetification is rea*$1 ! liquor %\ld be /ra9$1 or1 if 9 a cask1 be rack$ into a fre% "o1 )\t tilt+4 ,!n f9$ ) is+lass1 or all[$ to settle = a week or two1 :5 x may be drawn (f cle> & bottl$4 ,x may subsequ5tly require decant+ & re-bottl+4 ,! membrane or plant is useful = re/>t+ ! action1 b x mu/ n be all[$ to rema9 = any l5g? ( "t out ( ! liquor1 or be expos$ to a l[ temp]ature1 or x w be injur$4 ,sid5ote3 ,col\r4 ,! col\r w at fir/ be f\nd to be q light1 b 9 c\rse ( "t x w assume an amb] %ade & gradually d>k5 ) age4 ,t ?is col\ration may proce$ z rapidly z possible1 ! v9eg> %\ld be bottl$ 9 light glass bottles1 & expos$ to ! light4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dilute acetic acid has be5 9 g5]al use f remote times4 ,! anci5t ,hebrews us$ x1 z we "k f ! sev]al allusions to x 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x is m5tion$ also 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans1 too1 made use ( x4 ,x is frequ5tly spok5 ( by classical writ]s1 z ,pl9y1 ,livy1 & o!rs4 ,9 our own times x is almo/ univ]sally employ$ = cul9>y & pres]vative purposes1 besides be+ l>gely us$ m$ic9ally4 ,v9eg> is anti-scorbutic & anti-bili\s4 ,l>gely dilut$ x =ms a v refre%+ bev]age4 ,x has be5 9 pa/ ages & 9 mod]n times s us$ by soldi]s on long m>*es1 & by o!rs employ$ on h>d & exhau/+ lab\r1 ) b5eficial results4 ,! vap\r ( v9eg> inhal$ greatly relieves ho>s5ess1 &1 dilut$ z a g>gle1 is useful 9 ?roat compla9ts4 ,honey & honey v9eg> 9 equal quantities1 & tak5 a teaspoonful at a "t1 is an excell5t rem$y = sore ?roat & c\gh4 ,mix$ ) wat] x is cool+ & invigorat+ = spong+ ! body4 ,tak5 9 mod]ation1 ow+ to its effect ^u fatty & o!r sub/ances1 v9eg> is an aid to dige/ion4 ,pure v9eg> is usually only un:olesome if tak5 9 l>ge quantities4 ,raspb]ry ,v9eg>4--,p\r #a p9t ( honey v9eg> on a qu>t ( bruis$ raspb]ries4 ,let x /& 9 a clos$ vessel = ?ree days1 & /ir occasionally4 ,/ra9 ?r\gh flannel )\t squeez+1 & to #a p9t ( liquor put #a-a_/d lb4 ( honey4 ,boil = t5 m9utes1 skim1 & bottle :5 cold4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"o great advantage 9 us+ honey v9eg> is t1 be+ q free f sulphuric or nitric acid1 x does n /a9 silv] or table l954 99 99 99 99 99 ,footnote #a3 ,c#b;,h#f,o ,o#b ,h#b,o ,c#b;,h#d,o#b ,alcohol ,oxyg5 ,wat] ,acetic ,acid4 ,! proportions ( ! *emical con/itu5ts ( ,acetic ,acid are z foll[s3--,c>bon #dfhc1 ,oxyg5 #dfhb1 ,hydrog5 #fce4 ,footnote #b3 ,x is frequ5tly f\nd to conta9 less1 ! acetic be+ (t5 replac$ by o!r & injuri\s acids4 ,footnote #c3 ,! process "h describ$ has ref]5ce only to ! production ( ! v9eg> 9 small quantities4 ,x is impossible to produce x on a l>ge scale ) any degree ( success )\t ! employm5t ( artificial heat & ) special app>atus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,g]>d ,w4 ,,bancks1 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,_w ,,b5ea? ,,! ,,wat]s4 ,,or ,,m]man',s ,,c\ntry4 ,) #dd orig9al illu/rations by ,cr[4 ,clo?1 gilt #c_/f4 ,,cassell ,,& ,,co4 ,,also ,,mead ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,x4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,po/ ,free #b-a_/b;d4 ,,also ,,! ,,production ,,( ,,v9eg> ,,f ,,honey4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,po/ ,free #b-a_/b;d4 ,,also ,,honey ,,& ,,its ,,uses4 ,tw5tie? ,?\s& ( ,revis$ ,edition4 ,po/ ,free #a-a_/b;d41 #c_/f p] #ajj4 ,address3--,h>tley ,rectory1 ne> ,longfield4