,transcrib$ f ! #ahid ,cassell ,co4 edition by ,david ,price1 email ccx#jgd;cov5try4ac4uk ,,lett]s ,,on ,,engl& by ,voltaire ,,introduction ,francois ,m>ie ,ar\et1 :o call$ himself ,voltaire1 0 ! son ( ,francois ,ar\et ( ,poit\1 :o liv$ 9 ,p>is1 _h giv5 up 8 (fice ( not>y two ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ?is 8 ?ird son1 & obta9$ "s ye>s aft]w>ds a treasur]'s (fice 9 ! ,*ambre des ,comptes4 ,voltaire 0 born 9 ! ye> #afid4 ,he liv$ until )9 t5 or elev5 ye>s ( ! outbreak ( ! ,great ,fr5* ,revolution1 & 0 a *ief lead] 9 ! movem5t ( ?\ght t prec$$ ! ,revolution4 ,?\gh he liv$ to 8 eighty-f\r? ye>1 ,voltaire 0 born ) a weak body4 ,8 bro!r ,arm&1 eight ye>s 8 s5ior1 became a ,jans5i/4 ,voltaire :5 t5 ye>s old 0 plac$ ) ! ,jesuits 9 ! ,college ,l\is-le- ,gr&4 ,!re he 0 taught dur+ sev5 ye>s1 & 8 g5ius 0 enc\rag$ 9 its b5t = lit]ature2 skill 9 speak+ & 9 writ+ be+ especially fo/]$ 9 ! sy/em ( education :i* ! ,jesuits _h plann$ to produce capable m5 :o by voice & p5 c\ld give a reason = ! fai? !y held4 ,v]ses writt5 = an invalid soldi] at ! age ( elev5 won = "y ,voltaire ! fri5d%ip ( ,n9on l',enclos1 :o enc\rag$ him to g on writ+ v]ses4 ,%e di$ soon aft]w>ds1 & rememb]$ him ) a legacy ( two ?\s& livres = pur*ase ( books4 ,he wrote 9 8 lively s*ool-days a trag$y t aft]w>ds he burnt4 ,at ! age ( sev5te5 he left ! ,college ,l\is- le-,gr&1 :]e he said aft]w>ds t he _h be5 taught no?+ b ,lat9 & ! ,/upidities4 ,he 0 !n s5t to ! law s*ools1 & saw life 9 ,p>is z a gay "y poet :o1 ) all 8 brilliant livel9ess1 _h an aptitude = look+ on ! tragic side ( ?+s1 & "o ( ^: fir/ poems 0 an ,ode on ! ,mis=tunes ( ,life4 ,8 "m di$ :5 he 0 tw5ty4 ,voltaire's fa!r ?\ght him a fool = 8 v]sify+1 & atta*$ him z secret>y to ! ,m>quis ( ,*ateauneuf2 :5 he w5t z ambassador to ! ,hague4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #agac1 he 0 dismiss$ = 8 irregul>ities4 ,9 ,p>is 8 un/ead9ess & 8 addiction to lit]ature caus$ 8 fa!r to rejoice 9 gett+ him h\s$ 9 a c\ntry *ateau ) ,m4 de ,caum>t94 ,m4 de ,caum>t9's fa!r talk$ ) su* en?usiasm ( ,h5ri ,,iv4 & ,sully t ,voltaire plann$ ! writ+ ( :at became 8 ,h5riade1 & 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,age ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 :o di$ on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]1 #agae4 ,"u ! reg5cy t foll[$1 ,voltaire got into tr\ble aga9 & aga9 ?r\gh ! %>pness ( 8 p51 & at la/1 accus$ ( v]se t satiris$ ! ,reg5t1 he 0 lock$ up--on ! #ag? ( ,may1 #agag--;9 ! ,ba/ille4 ,!re he wrote ! fir/ two books ( 8 ,h5riade1 & f9i%$ a play on ,o,edipus1 :i* he _h begun at ! age ( eighte54 ,he did n obta9 full lib]ty until ! #ab? ( ,april1 #agah1 & x 0 at ?is "t--) a cle>ly =m$ design to associate ! "n he took ) "w ( high attempt 9 lit]ature--t ,francois ,m>ie ,ar\et1 ag$ tw5ty-f\r1 fir/ call$ himself ,voltaire4 ,voltaire's ,o,edipe 0 play$ ) success 9 ,novemb]1 #agah4 ,a few mon?s lat] he 0 aga9 bani%$ f ,p>is1 & f9i%$ ! ,h5riade 9 8 retirem5t1 z well z ano!r play1 ,artemise1 t 0 act$ 9 ,febru>y1 #agbj4 ,o!r plays foll[$4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #agba1 ,voltaire visit$ ,"l ,bol+broke1 :o 0 !n an exile f ,engl&1 at ! ,*ateau ( ,la ,s\rce4 ,!re 0 n[ con/ant lit]>y activity4 ,f ,july to ,octob]1 #agbb1 ,voltaire visit$ ,holl& ) ,madame de ,rupelmonde4 ,aft] a s]i\s attack ( small-pox 9 ,novemb]1 #agbc1 ,voltaire 0 active z a poet ab\t ! ,c\rt4 ,he 0 !n 9 receipt ( a p5sion ( two ?\s& livres f ! k+1 & _h inh]it$ m ?an twice z mu* by ! dea? ( 8 fa!r 9 ,janu>y1 #agbb4 ,b 9 ,decemb]1 #agbe1 a qu>rel1 fa/5$ ^u him by ! ,*evali] de ,rohan1 :o _h him waylaid & beat51 caus$ him to s5d a *all5ge4 ,= ?is he 0 arre/$ & lodg$ once m1 9 ,april1 #agbf1 9 ! ,ba/ille4 ,!re he 0 deta9$ a mon?2 & 8 fir/ act :5 he 0 releas$ 0 to ask = a passport to ,engl&4 ,voltaire left ,france1 rea*$ ,london 9 ,augu/1 #agbf1 w5t z gue/ to ! h\se ( a ri* m]*ant at ,w&swor?1 & rema9$ ?ree ye>s 9 ?is c\ntry1 f ! age ( ?irty-two to ! age ( ?irty-five4 ,he 0 "h :5 ,george ,i4 di$1 & ,george ,,ii4 became k+4 ,he publi%$ "h 8 ,h5riade4 ,he wrote "h 8 ,hi/ory ( ,*>les ,,xii4 ,he read ,gulliv]'s ,travels z a new book1 & might h be5 pres5t at ! fir/ night ( ,! ,begg>'s ,op]a4 ,he 0 "h :et ,sir ,isaac ,newton di$4 ,9 #agca he publi%$ at ,r\5 ! ,lettres sur les ,anglais1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,engl& 9 #agcc 9 ! volume f :i* !y are "h repr9t$4 ,h4,m4 ,,lett]s ,,on ,,engl& ,,lett] ,i4--,,on ,,! ,,quak]s ,i 0 ( op9ion t ! doctr9e & hi/ory ( s extraord9>y a p 7 wor?y ! att5tion ( ! curi\s4 ,to acqua9t myself ) !m ,i made a visit to "o ( ! mo/ em95t ,quak]s 9 ,engl&1 :o1 aft] hav+ trad$ ?irty ye>s1 _h ! wisdom to prescribe limits to 8 =tune & to 8 desires1 & 0 settl$ 9 a little solitude n f> f ,london4 ,be+ come into x1 ,i p]ceiv$ a small b regul>ly built h\se1 va/ly neat1 b )\t ! lea/ pomp ( furniture4 ,! ,quak] :o own$ x 0 a hale1 ruddy-complexion$ old man1 :o _h nev] be5 afflict$ ) sickness because he _h always be5 ins5sible to passions1 & a p]fect /rang] to intemp]ance4 ,i nev] 9 my life saw a m noble or a m engag+ aspect ?an 84 ,he 0 dress$ l ^? ( 8 p]suasion1 9 a pla9 coat )\t pleats 9 ! sides1 or buttons on ! pockets & sleeves2 & _h on a beav]1 ! brims ( :i* 7 horizontal l ^? ( our cl]gy4 ,he did n uncov] himself :5 ,i appe>$1 & advanc$ t[>ds me )\t once /oop+ 8 body2 b !re appe>$ m polit5ess 9 ! op51 humane air ( 8 c\nt5ance1 ?an 9 ! cu/om ( draw+ "o leg beh9d ! o!r1 & tak+ t f ! head :i* is made to cov] x4 ,fri5d1 says he to me1 ,i p]ceive ?\ art a /rang]1 b if ,i c d any?+ = !e1 only tell me4 ,sir1 said ,i to him1 b5d+ =w>ds & advanc+1 z is usual ) u1 "o leg t[>ds him1 ,i flatt] myself t my j curiosity w n give y ! lea/ (f5ce1 & t y'll d me ! hon\r to in=m me ( ! p>ticul>s ( y\r religion4 ,! p ( ?y c\ntry1 repli$ ! ,quak]1 are too full ( _! b[s & complim5ts1 b ,i nev] yet met ) "o ( !m :o _h s mu* curiosity z ?yself4 ,come 91 & let u fir/ d9e toge!r4 ,i /ill cont9u$ to make "s v unseasonable c]emonies1 x n be+ easy to dis5gage "o's self at once f habits we h be5 long us$ to2 & aft] tak+ "p 9 a frugal meal1 :i* began & end$ ) a pray] to ,god1 ,i began to "q my c\rte\s ho/4 ,i op5$ ) t :i* good ,ca?olics h m ?an once made to ,hugu5ots4 ,my de> sir1 said ,i1 7 y ev] baptis$8 ,i nev] 01 repli$ ! ,quak]1 nor any ( my bre?r54 ,z\nds6 say ,i to him1 y are n ,*ri/ians1 !n4 ,fri5d1 replies ! old man 9 a s(t tone ( voice1 swe> n2 we are ,*ri/ians1 & endeav\r to be good ,*ri/ians1 b we are n ( op9ion t ! spr9kl+ wat] on a *ild's head makes him a ,*ri/ian4 ,heav5s6 say ,i1 %ock$ at 8 impiety1 y h !n =got t ,*ri/ 0 baptis$ by ,/4 ,john4 ,fri5d1 replies ! mild ,quak] once aga91 swe> n2 ,*ri/ inde$ 0 baptis$ by ,john1 b ,he himself nev] baptis$ anyone4 ,we are ! disciples ( ,*ri/1 n ( ,john4 ,i piti$ v mu* ! s9c]ity ( my wor?y ,quak]1 & 0 absolutely = =c+ him to get himself *ri/5$4 ,7 t all1 repli$ he v gravely1 we w\ld submit *e]fully to baptism1 purely 9 compliance ) ?y weakness1 = we don't condemn any p]son :o uses x2 b !n we ?9k t ^? :o pr(ess a religion ( s holy1 s spiritual a nature z t ( ,*ri/1 ought to ab/a9 to ! utmo/ ( _! p[] f ! ,jewi% c]emonies4 ,o unacc\ntable6 say ,i3 :at6 baptism a ,jewi% c]emony8 ,yes1 my fri5d1 says he1 s truly ,jewi%1 t a great _m ,jews use ! baptism ( ,john to ?is day4 ,look into anci5t au?ors1 & ?\ wilt f9d t ,john only reviv$ ?is practice2 & t x _h be5 us$ by ! ,hebrews1 long be=e 8 "t1 9 l mann] z ! ,mahometans imitat$ ! ,i%maelites 9 _! pilgrimages to ,mecca4 ,jesus inde$ submitt$ to ! baptism ( ,john1 z ,he _h suff]$ ,himself to be circumcis$2 b circumcision & ! wa%+ ) wat] ought to be aboli%$ by ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 t baptism ( ! ,_s1 t ablution ( ! s\l1 :i* is ! salvation ( mank9d4 ,?us ! =]unn] said1 ',i inde$ baptise y ) wat] unto rep5tance2 b ,he t come? aft] me is mighti] ?an ,i1 ^: %oes ,i am n wor?y to be>3 he %all baptise y ) ! ,holy ,gho/ & ) fire4' ,likewise ,paul1 ! great apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles1 writes z foll[s to ! ,cor9?ians1 ',*ri/ s5t me n to baptise1 b to prea* ! ,gospel2' & inde$ ,paul nev] baptis$ b two p]sons ) wat]1 & t v mu* aga9/ 8 incl9ations4 ,he circumcis$ 8 disciple ,timo?y1 & ! o!r disciples likewise circumcis$ all :o 7 will+ to submit to t c>nal ord9ance4 ,b art ?\ circumcis$8 add$ he4 ,i h n ! hon\r to be s1 say ,i4 ,well1 fri5d1 cont9ues ! ,quak]1 ?\ art a ,*ri/ian )\t be+ circumcis$1 & ,i am "o )\t be+ baptis$4 ,?us did ?is pi\s man make a wrong b v speci\s application ( f\r or five texts ( ,scripture :i* seem$ to fav\r ! t5ets ( 8 sect2 b at ! same "t =got v s9c]ely an hundr$ texts :i* made directly aga9/ !m4 ,i _h m s5se ?an to conte/ ) him1 s9ce !re is no possibility ( conv9c+ an en?usia/4 ,a man %\ld nev] pret5d to in=m a lov] ( 8 mi/ress's faults1 no m ?an "o :o is at law1 ( ! badness ( 8 cause2 nor attempt to w9 ov] a fanatic by /r5g? ( reason+4 ,accord+ly ,i waiv$ ! subject4 ,well1 said ,i to him1 :at sort ( a communion h y8 ,we h none l t ?\ h9te/ at among u1 repli$ he4 ,h[6 no communion8 said ,i4 ,only t spiritual "o1 repli$ he1 ( he>ts4 ,he !n began aga9 to ?r[ out 8 texts ( ,scripture2 & prea*$ a mo/ eloqu5t s]mon aga9/ t ord9ance4 ,he h>angu$ 9 a tone z ?\gh he _h be5 inspir$1 to prove t ! sacram5ts 7 m]ely ( human inv5tion1 & t ! ^w sacram5t 0 n once m5tion$ 9 ! ,gospel4 ,excuse1 said he1 my ignorance1 = ,i h n employ$ a hundr$? "p ( ! argum5ts :i* might be br\ght to prove ! tru? ( our religion1 b ^! ?\ ?yself maye/ p]use 9 ! ,exposition ( our ,fai? writt5 by ,rob]t ,b>clay4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ pieces t ev] 0 p5n$ by man2 & z our adv]s>ies confess x to be ( dang]\s t5d5cy1 ! argum5ts 9 x mu/ necess>ily be v conv9c+4 ,i promis$ to p]use ?is piece1 & my ,quak] imag9$ he _h already made a conv]t ( me4 ,he aft]w>ds gave me an acc\nt 9 few words ( "s s+ul>ities :i* make ?is sect ! contempt ( o!rs4 ,confess1 said he1 t x 0 v difficult = !e to refra9 f laught]1 :5 ,i answ]$ all ?y civilities )\t uncov]+ my head1 & at ! same "t said '!e' & '?\' to !e4 ,h[ev]1 ?\ appe>e/ to me too well read n to "k t 9 ,*ri/'s "t no nation 0 s ridicul\s z to put ! plural numb] = ! s+ul>4 ,augu/us ,caes> himself 0 spok5 to 9 su* phrases z ^!3 ',i love !e1' ',i besee* !e1' ',i ?ank !e2' b he did n all[ any p]son to call him ',dom9e1' sir4 ,x 0 n till _m ages aft] t m5 w\ld h ! ^w 'y1' z ?\gh !y 7 d\ble1 in/ead ( '?\' employ$ 9 speak+ to !m2 & usurp$ ! flatt]+ titles ( lord%ip1 ( em95ce1 & ( hol9ess1 :i* m]e worms be/[ on o!r worms by assur+ !m t !y are ) a mo/ pr(\nd respect1 & an infam\s falsehood1 _! mo/ ob$i5t humble s]vants4 ,x is to secure ourselves m /rongly f su* a %ameless traffic ( lies & flatt]y1 t we '!e' & '?\' a k+ ) ! same fre$om z we d a begg>1 & salute no p]son2 we ow+ no?+ to mank9d b *>ity1 & to ! laws respect & ob$i5ce4 ,our app>el is also some:at diff]5t f t ( o!rs1 & ?is purely1 t x may be a p]petual w>n+ to u n to imitate !m4 ,o!rs we> ! badges & m>ks ( _! sev]al dignities1 & we ^? ( ,*ri/ian humility4 ,we fly f all assemblies ( pleasure1 f div]sions ( e k9d1 & f places :]e gam+ is practis$2 & inde$ our case w\ld be v deplorable1 %\ld we fill ) su* levities z ^? ,i h m5tion$ ! he>t :i* ought to be ! habitation ( ,god4 ,we nev] swe>1 n ev5 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice1 be+ ( op9ion t ! mo/ holy "n ( ,god ought n to be pro/itut$ 9 ! mis]able conte/s betwixt man & man4 ,:5 we are oblig$ to appe> be=e a magi/rate ^u o!r p's acc\nt 7= law-suits are unkn[n among ! ,fri5ds71 we give evid5ce to ! tru? by seal+ x ) our yea or nay2 & ! judges believe u on our b>e affirmation1 :il/ s _m o!r ,*ri/ians =swe> !mselves on ! holy ,gospels4 ,we nev] w> or fight 9 any case2 b x is n t we are afraid1 = s f> f %udd]+ at ! ?\ghts ( dea?1 we on ! contr>y bless ! mom5t :i* unites u ) ! ,be+ ( ,be+s2 b ! reason ( our n us+ ! outw>d sword is1 t we are nei!r wolves1 tig]s1 nor ma/iffs1 b m5 & ,*ri/ians4 ,our ,god1 :o has comm&$ u to love our enemies1 & to suff] )\t rep9+1 w\ld c]ta9ly n p]mit u to cross ! seas1 m]ely because murd]]s clo!d 9 sc>let1 & we>+ caps two foot high1 enli/ citiz5s by a noise made ) two little /icks on an ass's sk9 ext5d$4 ,& :51 aft] a victory is ga9$1 ! :ole city ( ,london is illum9at$2 :5 ! sky is 9 a blaze ) fireworks1 & a noise is he>d 9 ! air1 ( ?anksgiv+s1 ( bells1 ( organs1 & ( ! cannon1 we groan 9 sil5ce1 & are deeply affect$ ) sadness ( _s & brok5ness ( he>t1 = ! sad havoc :i* is ! occasion ( ^? public rejoic+s4 ,,lett] ,,ii4--,,on ,,! ,,quak]s ,su* 0 ! sub/ance ( ! conv]sation ,i _h ) ?is v s+ul> p]son2 b ,i 0 greatly surpris$ to see him come ! ,sunday foll[+ & take me ) him to ! ,quak]s' meet+4 ,!re are sev]al ( ^! 9 ,london1 b t :i* he c>ri$ me to /&s ne> ! fam\s pill> call$ ,! ,monum5t4 ,! bre?r5 7 already assembl$ at my ent]+ x ) my guide4 ,!re might be ab\t f\r hundr$ m5 & ?ree hundr$ wom5 9 ! meet+4 ,! wom5 hid _! faces beh9d _! fans1 & ! m5 7 cov]$ ) _! broad-brimm$ hats4 ,all 7 seat$1 & ! sil5ce 0 univ]sal4 ,i pass$ ?r\gh !m1 b did n p]ceive s mu* z "o lift up 8 eyes to look at me4 ,?is sil5ce la/$ a qu>t] ( an h\r1 :5 at la/ "o ( !m rose up1 took (f 8 hat1 &1 aft] mak+ a v>iety ( wry faces & groan+ 9 a mo/ lam5table mann]1 he1 p>tly f 8 nose & p>tly f 8 m\?1 ?rew out a /range1 confus$ jumble ( words 7borr[$1 z he imag9$1 f ! ,gospel7 :i* nei!r himself nor any ( 8 he>]s und]/ood4 ,:5 ?is di/ort] _h end$ 8 beautiful soliloquy1 & t ! /upid1 b greatly edifi$1 congregation 7 sep>at$1 ,i ask$ my fri5d h[ x 0 possible = ! judici\s "p ( _! assembly to suff] su* a babbl+8 ,we are oblig$1 says he1 to suff] x1 because no "o kn[s :5 a man rises up to hold =? :e!r he w be mov$ by ! ,_s or by folly4 ,9 ?is d\bt & unc]ta9ty we li/5 pati5tly to ev]yone2 we ev5 all[ our wom5 to hold =?4 ,two or ?ree ( ^! are (t5 inspir$ at "o & ! same "t1 & x is !n t a mo/ *>m+ noise is he>d 9 ! ,"l's h\se4 ,y h1 !n1 no prie/s8 say ,i to him4 ,no1 no1 fri5d1 replies ! ,quak]1 to our great happ9ess4 ,!n op5+ "o ( ! ,fri5ds' books1 z he call$ x1 he read ! foll[+ words 9 an emphatic tone3--',god =bid we %\ld presume to orda9 anyone to receive ! ,holy ,_s on ! ,"l's ,day to ! prejudice ( ! re/ ( ! bre?r54' ,?anks to ! ,almighty1 we are ! only p ^u e>? t h no prie/s4 ,w\ld/ ?\ deprive u ( s happy a di/9ction8 ,:y %\ld we ab&on our babe to m]c5>y nurses1 :5 we ourselves h milk en\gh = x8 ,^! m]c5>y creatures w\ld soon dom9e] 9 our h\ses & de/roy bo? ! "m & ! babe4 ,god has said1 ',freely y h receiv$1 freely give4' ,%all we1 aft] ^! words1 *eap51 z x 71 ! ,gospel1 sell ! ,holy ,gho/1 & make ( an assembly ( ,*ri/ians a m]e %op ( trad]s8 ,we don't pay a set ( m5 clo!d 9 black to assi/ our poor1 to bury our dead1 or to prea* to ! bre?r54 ,^! (fices are all ( too t5d] a nature = u ev] to entru/ !m to o!rs4 ,b h[ is x possible = y1 said ,i1 ) "s w>m?1 to "k :e!r y\r disc\rse is really inspir$ by ! ,almighty8 ,:osoev]1 says he1 %all implore ,*ri/ to enlight5 him1 & %all publi% ! ,gospel tru?s he may feel inw>dly1 su* an "o may be assur$ t he is inspir$ by ! ,"l4 ,he !n p\r$ =? a numb]less multitude ( ,scripture texts :i* prov$1 z he imag9$1 t !re is no su* ?+ z ,*ri/ianity )\t an imm$iate revelation1 & add$ ^! rem>kable words3 ,:5 ?\ move/ "o ( ?y limbs1 is x mov$ by ?y own p[]8 ,c]ta9ly n2 = ?is limb is (t5 s5sible to involunt>y motions4 ,consequ5tly he :o creat$ ?y body gives motion to ?is e>?ly tab]nacle4 ,& are ! sev]al ideas ( :i* ?y s\l receives ! impression =m$ by ?yself8 ,mu* less are !y1 s9ce ^! p\r 9 ^u ?y m9d :e!r ?\ wilt or no2 consequ5tly ?\ receive/ ?y ideas f ,him :o creat$ ?y s\l4 ,b z ,he leaves ?y affections at full lib]ty1 ,he gives ?y m9d su* ideas z ?y affections may des]ve2 if ?\ live/ 9 ,god1 ?\ acte/1 ?\ ?9ke/ 9 ,god4 ,aft] ?is ?\ ne$e/ only b op5 ?9e eyes to t light :i* enlight5s all mank9d1 & x is !n ?\ wilt p]ceive ! tru?1 & make o!rs p]ceive x4 ,:y1 ?is1 said ,i1 is ,malebran*e's doctr9e to a tittle4 ,i am acqua9t$ ) ?y ,malebran*e1 said he2 he _h some?+ ( ! ,fri5d 9 him1 b 0 n en\gh s4 ,^! are ! mo/ consid]able p>ticul>s ,i le>nt conc]n+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,quak]s4 ,9 my next lett] ,i %all acqua9t y ) _! hi/ory1 :i* y w f9d m s+ul> ?an _! op9ions4 ,,lett] ,,iii4--,,on ,,! ,,quak]s ,y h already he>d t ! ,quak]s date f ,*ri/1 :o1 accord+ to !m1 0 ! fir/ ,quak]4 ,religion1 say ^!1 0 corrupt$ a little aft] ,8 dea?1 & rema9$ 9 t /ate ( corruption ab\t sixte5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,b !re 7 always a few ,quak]s conceal$ 9 ! _w1 :o c>efully pres]v$ ! sacr$ fire1 :i* 0 ext+ui%$ 9 all b !mselves1 until at la/ ?is light spread itself 9 ,engl& 9 #afdb4 ,x 0 at ! "t :5 ,great ,brita9 0 torn to pieces by ! inte/9e w>s :i* ?ree or f\r sects _h rais$ 9 ! "n ( ,god1 t "o ,george ,fox1 born 9 ,leice/]%ire1 & son to a silk-weav]1 took x into 8 head to prea*1 &1 z he pret5d$1 ) all ! requisites ( a true apo/le--t is1 )\t be+ able ei!r to read or write4 ,he 0 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ( age1 irreproa*able 9 8 life & conduct1 & a holy madman4 ,he 0 equipp$ 9 lea!r f head to foot1 & travell$ f "o village to ano!r1 exclaim+ aga9/ w> & ! cl]gy4 ,_h 8 invectives be5 levell$ aga9/ ! soldi]y only he w\ld h be5 safe en\gh1 b he inveigh$ aga9/ ecclesia/ics4 ,fox 0 seiz$ at ,d]by1 & be+ c>ri$ be=e a ju/ice ( peace1 he did n once (f] to pull (f 8 lea!rn hat1 ^u :i* an (fic] gave him a great box ( ! e>1 & cri$ to him1 ,don't y "k y are to appe> uncov]$ be=e 8 wor%ip8 ,fox pres5t$ 8 o!r *eek to ! (fic]1 & begg$ him to give him ano!r box = ,god's sake4 ,! ju/ice w\ld h _h him sworn be=e he ask$ him any que/ions4 ,"k1 fri5d1 says ,fox to him1 t ,i nev] swe>4 ,! ju/ice1 obs]v+ he !e'd & ?\'d him1 s5t him to ! ,h\se ( ,correction1 9 ,d]by1 ) ord]s t he %\ld be :ipp$ !re4 ,fox prais$ ! ,"l all ! way he w5t to ! ,h\se ( ,correction1 :]e ! ju/ice's ord] 0 execut$ ) ! utmo/ sev]ity4 ,! m5 :o :ipp$ ?is en?usia/ 7 greatly surpris$ to he> him besee* !m to give him a few m la%es = ! good ( 8 s\l4 ,!re 0 no ne$ ( entreat+ ^! p2 ! la%es 7 repeat$1 = :i* ,fox ?ank$ !m v cordially1 & began to prea*4 ,at fir/ ! spectators fell a-laugh+1 b !y aft]w>ds li/5$ to him2 & z en?usiasm is an epidemical di/emp]1 _m 7 p]suad$1 & ^? :o sc\rg$ him became 8 fir/ disciples4 ,be+ set at lib]ty1 he ran up & d[n ! c\ntry ) a doz5 proselytes at 8 heels1 /ill declaim+ aga9/ ! cl]gy1 & 0 :ipp$ f "t to "t4 ,be+ "o day set 9 ! pillory1 he h>angu$ ! cr[d 9 s /rong & mov+ a mann]1 t fifty ( ! auditors became 8 conv]ts1 & he won ! re/ s mu* 9 8 fav\r t1 8 head be+ fre$ tumultu\sly f ! hole :]e x 0 fa/5$1 ! populace w5t & se>*$ = ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& cl]gyman :o _h be5 *iefly in/rum5tal 9 br++ him to ?is puni%m5t1 & set him on ! same pillory :]e ,fox _h /ood4 ,fox 0 bold en\gh to conv]t "s ( ,oliv] ,cromwell's soldi]s1 :o !reupon quitt$ ! s]vice & refus$ to take ! oa?s4 ,oliv]1 hav+ z great a contempt = a sect :i* w\ld n all[ its memb]s to fight1 z ,sixtus ,qu9tus _h = ano!r sect1 ,dove non si *iamava1 began to p]secute ^! new conv]ts4 ,! prisons 7 cr[d$ ) !m1 b p]secution seldom has any o!r effect ?an to increase ! numb] ( proselytes4 ,^! came1 !re=e1 f _! conf9em5t m /rongly confirm$ 9 ! pr9ciples !y _h imbib$1 & foll[$ by _! gaol]s1 :om !y _h br\ght ov] to _! belief4 ,b ! circum/ances :i* contribut$ *iefly to ! spread+ ( ?is sect 7 z foll[s3--,fox ?\ght himself inspir$1 & consequ5tly 0 ( op9ion t he mu/ speak 9 a mann] diff]5t f ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,he !reupon began to wri! 8 body1 to screw up 8 face1 to hold 9 8 brea?1 & to exhale x 9 a =cible mann]1 insomu* t ! prie/ess ( ! ,py?ian god at ,delphos c\ld n h act$ h] "p to bett] advantage4 ,inspiration soon became s habitual to him t he c\ld sc>ce deliv] himself 9 any o!r mann]4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ gift he communicat$ to 8 disciples4 ,^! ap$ v s9c]ely _! ma/]'s sev]al grimaces1 & %ook 9 e limb ! in/ant ! fit ( inspiration came ^u !m1 :5ce !y 7 call$ ,quak]s4 ,! vulg> attempt$ to mimic !m2 !y trembl$1 !y spake ?r\gh ! nose1 !y quak$ & fanci$ !mselves inspir$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! only ?+ n[ want+ 0 a few miracles1 & accord+ly !y wr\ght "s4 ,fox1 ?is mod]n patri>*1 spoke ?us to a ju/ice ( peace be=e a l>ge assembly ( p3 ,fri5d1 take c>e :at ?\ do/2 ,god w soon puni% !e = p]secut+ ,8 sa9ts4 ,?is magi/rate1 be+ "o :o besott$ himself e day ) bad be] & br&y1 di$ ( an apoplexy two days aft]1 ! mom5t he _h sign$ a mittimus = imprison+ "s ,quak]s4 ,! sudd5 dea? ) :i* ?is ju/ice 0 seiz$ 0 n ascrib$ to 8 intemp]ance1 b 0 univ]sally look$ ^u z ! effect ( ! holy man's pr$ictions2 s t ?is accid5t made m conv]ts to ,quak]ism ?an a ?\s& s]mons & z _m %ak+ fits c\ld h done4 ,oliv]1 f9d+ !m increase daily1 0 desir\s ( br++ !m ov] to 8 p>ty1 & = t purpose attempt$ to bribe !m by money4 ,h[ev]1 !y 7 incorruptible1 :i* made him "o day decl>e t ?is religion 0 ! only "o he _h ev] met ) t _h resi/$ ! *>ms ( gold4 ,! ,quak]s 7 sev]al times p]secut$ "u ,*>les ,,ii42 n ^u a religi\s acc\nt1 b = refus+ to pay ! ti!s1 = !e+ & ?\+ ! magi/rates1 & = refus+ to take ! oa?s enact$ by ! laws4 ,at la/ ,rob]t ,b>clay1 a native ( ,scotl&1 pres5t$ to ! ,k+1 9 #afge1 8 ,apology = ! ,quak]s1 a "w z well drawn up z ! subject c\ld possibly admit4 ,! d$ication to ,*>les ,,ii4 is n fill$ ) mean1 flatt]+ encomiums1 b ab\nds ) bold t\*es 9 fav\r ( tru? & ) ! wise/ c\nsels4 ,?\ ha/ ta/$1 says he to ! ,k+ at ! close ( 8 epi/le d$icatory1 ( prosp]ity & adv]sity2 ?\ kn[e/ :at x is to be bani%$ ?y native c\ntry2 to be ov]rul$ z well z to rule & sit ^u ! ?rone2 &1 be+ oppress$1 ?\ ha/ reason to "k h[ hateful ! ,oppressor is bo? to ,god & man4 ,if1 aft] all ^! w>n+s & adv]tisem5ts1 ?\ do/ n turn unto ! ,"l ) all ?y he>t1 b =get ,him :o rememb]$ !e 9 ?y di/ress1 & give up ?yself to foll[ lu/ & vanity1 surely great w be ?y condemnation4 ,aga9/ :i* sn>e1 z well z ! temptation ( ^? t may or d fe$ !e & prompt !e to evil1 ! mo/ excell5t & preval5t rem$y w be1 to apply ?yself to t light ( ,*ri/ :i* %9e? 9 ?y consci5ce1 :i* nei!r c nor w flatt] !e nor suff] !e to be at ease 9 ?y s9s1 b do? & w deal pla9ly & fai?fully ) !e1 z ^? t are foll[]s !re( h pla9ly done4--,?y fai?ful fri5d & subject1 ,rob]t ,b>clay4 ,a m surpris+ circum/ance is1 t ?is epi/le1 writt5 by a private man ( no figure1 0 s happy 9 its effects1 z to put a /op to ! p]secution4 ,,lett] ,,iv4--,,on ,,! ,,quak]s ,ab\t ?is "t arose ! illu/ri\s ,william ,p5n1 :o e/abli%$ ! p[] ( ! ,quak]s 9 ,am]ica1 & w\ld h made !m appe> v5]able 9 ! eyes ( ! ,europeans1 7 x possible = mank9d to respect virtue :5 reveal$ 9 a ridicul\s light4 ,he 0 ! only son ( ,vice-,admiral ,p5n1 fav\rite ( ! ,duke ( ,york1 aft]w>ds ,k+ ,james ,,ii4 ,william ,p5n1 at tw5ty ye>s ( age1 happ5+ to meet ) a ,quak] 9 ,cork1 :om he _h kn[n at ,ox=d1 ?is man made a proselyte ( him2 & ,william be+ a sprightly y\?1 & naturally eloqu5t1 hav+ a w9n+ aspect1 & a v engag+ c>riage1 he soon ga9$ ov] "s ( 8 intimates4 ,he c>ri$ matt]s s f>1 t he =m$ by ins5sible degrees a society ( "y ,quak]s1 :o met at 8 h\se2 s t he 0 at ! head ( a sect :5 a little above tw5ty4 ,be+ return$1 aft] 8 leav+ ,cork1 to ! ,vice-,admiral 8 fa!r1 in/ead ( fall+ ^u 8 knees to ask 8 bless+1 he w5t up to him ) 8 hat on1 & said1 ,fri5d1 ,i am v glad to see !e 9 good heal?4 ,! ,vice-,admiral imag9$ 8 son to be crazy1 b soon f9d+ he 0 turn$ ,quak]1 he employ$ all ! me?ods t prud5ce c\ld sugge/ to engage him to behave & act l o!r p4 ,! y\? made no o!r answ] to 8 fa!r1 ?an by exhort+ him to turn ,quak] also4 ,at la/ 8 fa!r conf9$ himself to ?is s+le reque/1 viz41 t he %\ld wait ^u ! ,k+ & ! ,duke ( ,york ) 8 hat "u 8 arm1 & %\ld n '!e' & '?\' !m4 ,william answ]$1 t he c\ld n d ^! ?+s1 = consci5ce' sake1 :i* exasp]at$ 8 fa!r to su* a degree1 t he turn$ him out ( doors4 ,"y ,p5 gave ,god ?anks = p]mitt+ him to suff] s e>ly 9 ,8 cause1 aft] :i* he w5t into ! city1 :]e he held =?1 & made a great numb] ( conv]ts4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& cl]gy f\nd _! congregations dw9dle away daily2 & ,p5n be+ "y1 h&some1 & ( a graceful /ature1 ! c\rt z well z ! city ladies flock$ v dev\tly to 8 meet+4 ,! patri>*1 ,george ,fox1 he>+ ( 8 great reputation1 came to ,london 7?\gh ! j\rney 0 v long7 purely to see & conv]se ) him4 ,bo? resolv$ to g ^u missions into =eign c\ntries1 & accord+ly !y emb>k$ = ,holl&1 aft] hav+ left lab\r]s suffici5t to take c>e ( ! ,london v9ey>d4 ,_! lab\rs 7 cr[n$ ) success 9 ,am/]dam1 b a circum/ance :i* reflect$ ! greate/ hon\r on !m1 & at ! same "t put _! humility to ! greate/ trial1 0 ! reception !y met ) f ,elizabe?1 ! ,pr9cess ,palat9e1 aunt to ,george ,i4 ( ,great ,brita91 a lady conspicu\s = h] g5ius & k1 & to :om ,desc>tes _h d$icat$ 8 ,philosophical ,romance4 ,%e 0 !n retir$ to ! ,hague1 :]e %e receiv$ ^! ,fri5ds1 = s ! ,quak]s 7 at t "t call$ 9 ,holl&4 ,?is pr9cess _h sev]al conf]5ces ) !m 9 h] palace1 & %e at la/ ent]ta9$ s fav\rable an op9ion ( ,quak]ism1 t !y confess$ %e 0 n f> f ! k+dom ( heav54 ,! ,fri5ds s[$ likewise ! good se$ 9 ,g]many1 b reap$ v little fruit2 = ! mode ( !e+ & ?\+ 0 n approv$ ( 9 a c\ntry :]e a man is p]petually oblig$ to employ ! titles ( highness & excell5cy4 ,william ,p5n return$ soon to ,engl& ^u he>+ ( 8 fa!r's sickness1 9 ord] to see him be=e he di$4 ,! ,vice-,admiral 0 reconcil$ to 8 son1 & ?\gh ( a diff]5t p]suasion1 embrac$ him t5d]ly4 ,william made a fruitless exhortation to 8 fa!r n to receive ! sacram5t1 b to die a ,quak]1 & ! good old man entreat$ 8 son ,william to we> buttons on 8 sleeves1 & a crape hatb& 9 8 beav]1 b all to no purpose4 ,william ,p5n inh]it$ v l>ge possessions1 "p ( :i* consi/$ 9 ,cr[n debts due to ! ,vice-,admiral = sums he _h advanc$ = ! sea s]vice4 ,no moneys 7 at t "t m insecure ?an ^? ow+ f ! k+4 ,p5n 0 oblig$ to g m ?an once1 & !e & ?\ ,k+ ,*>les & 8 ,m9i/]s1 9 ord] to recov] ! debt2 & at la/1 in/ead ( specie1 ! ,gov]nm5t inve/$ him ) ! "r & sov]eignty ( a prov9ce ( ,am]ica1 to ! s\? ( ,m>yl&4 ,?us 0 a ,quak] rais$ to sov]eign p[]4 ,p5n set sail = 8 new dom9ions ) two %ips freight$ ) ,quak]s1 :o foll[$ 8 =tune4 ,! c\ntry 0 !n call$ ,p5nsylvania f ,william ,p5n1 :o !re f\nd$ ,philadelphia1 n[ ! mo/ fl\ri%+ city 9 t c\ntry4 ,! fir/ /ep he took 0 to ent] into an alliance ) 8 ,am]ican neighb\rs1 & ?is is ! only treaty betwe5 ^? p & ! ,*ri/ians t 0 n ratifi$ by an oa?1 & 0 nev] infr+$4 ,! new sov]eign 0 at ! same "t ! legislator ( ,p5nsylvania1 & enact$ v wise & prud5t laws1 none ( :i* h ev] be5 *ang$ s9ce 8 "t4 ,! fir/ is1 to injure no p]son ^u a religi\s acc\nt1 & to consid] z bre?r5 all ^? :o believe 9 "o ,god4 ,he _h no soon] settl$ 8 gov]nm5t1 b sev]al ,am]ican m]*ants came & peopl$ ?is colony4 ,! natives ( ! c\ntry1 in/ead ( fly+ into ! woods1 cultivat$ by ins5sible degrees a fri5d%ip ) ! peaceable ,quak]s4 ,!y lov$ ^! =eign]s z mu* z !y dete/$ ! o!r ,*ri/ians :o _h conqu]$ & laid wa/e ,am]ica4 ,9 a little "t a great numb] ( ^! savages 7falsely s call$71 *>m$ ) ! mild & g5tle disposition ( _! neighb\rs1 came 9 cr[ds to ,william ,p5n1 & bes\ght him to admit !m into ! numb] ( 8 vassals4 ,x 0 v r>e & uncommon = a sov]eign to be !e'd & ?\'d by ! meane/ ( 8 subjects1 :o nev] took _! hats (f :5 !y came into 8 pres5ce2 & z s+ul> = a ,gov]nm5t to be )\t "o prie/ 9 x1 & = a p to be )\t arms1 ei!r (f5sive or def5sive2 = a body ( citiz5s to be absolutely undi/+ui%$ b by ! public employm5ts1 & = neighb\rs n to ent]ta9 ! lea/ jeal\sy "o aga9/ ! o!r4 ,william ,p5n might glory 9 hav+ br\ght d[n ^u e>? ! s mu* boa/$ gold5 age1 :i* 9 all probability nev] exi/$ b 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,he return$ to ,engl& to settle "s affairs relat+ to 8 new dom9ions4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii41 ,k+ ,james1 :o _h lov$ ! fa!r1 indulg$ ! same affection to ! son1 & no long] consid]$ him z an obscure sect>y1 b z a v great man4 ,! k+'s politics on ?is occasion agre$ ) 8 incl9ations4 ,he 0 desir\s ( pleas+ ! ,quak]s by annull+ ! laws made aga9/ ,noncon=mi/s1 9 ord] to h an opportunity1 by ?is univ]sal tol]ation1 ( e/abli%+ ! ,romi% religion4 ,all ! sect>i/s 9 ,engl& saw ! sn>e t 0 laid = !m1 b did n give into x2 !y nev] fail+ to unite :5 ! ,romi% religion1 _! common enemy1 is to be oppos$4 ,b ,p5n did n ?9k himself b\nd 9 any mann] to r5\nce 8 pr9ciples1 m]ely to fav\r ,prote/ants to :om he 0 odi\s1 9 opposition to a k+ :o lov$ him4 ,he _h e/abli%$ a univ]sal tol]ation ) reg>d to consci5ce 9 ,am]ica1 & w\ld n h x ?\ght t he int5d$ to de/roy x 9 ,europe1 = :i* reason he adh]$ s inviolably to ,k+ ,james1 t a report prevail$ univ]sally ( 8 be+ a ,jesuit4 ,?is calumny affect$ him v /rongly1 & he 0 oblig$ to ju/ify himself 9 pr9t4 ,h[ev]1 ! un=tunate ,k+ ,james ,,ii41 9 :om1 z 9 mo/ pr9ces ( ! ,/u>t family1 gr&eur & weakness 7 equally bl5d$1 & :o1 l !m1 z mu* ov]did "s ?+s z he 0 %ort 9 o!rs1 lo/ 8 k+dom 9 a mann] t is h>dly to be acc\nt$ =4 ,all ! ,engli% sect>i/s accept$ f ,william ,,iii1 & 8 ,p>liam5t ! tol]ation & indulg5ce :i* !y _h refus$ :5 (f]$ by ,k+ ,james4 ,x 0 !n ! ,quak]s began to enjoy1 by virtue ( ! laws1 ! sev]al privileges !y possess at ?is "t4 ,p5n hav+ at la/ se5 ,quak]ism firmly e/abli%$ 9 8 native c\ntry1 w5t back to ,p5nsylvania4 ,8 own p & ! ,am]icans receiv$ him ) te>s ( joy1 z ?\gh he _h be5 a fa!r :o 0 return$ to visit 8 *ildr54 ,all ! laws _h be5 religi\sly obs]v$ 9 8 abs5ce1 a circum/ance 9 :i* no legislator _h ev] be5 happy b himself4 ,aft] hav+ resid$ "s ye>s 9 ,p5nsylvania he left x1 b ) great reluctance1 9 ord] to return to ,engl&1 !re to solicit "s matt]s 9 fav\r ( ! comm]ce ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,b he nev] saw x aga91 he dy+ 9 ,ruscombe1 9 ,b]k%ire1 9 #agah4 ,i am n able to guess :at fate ,quak]ism may h 9 ,am]ica1 b ,i p]ceive x dw9dles away daily 9 ,engl&4 ,9 all c\ntries :]e lib]ty ( consci5ce is all[$1 ! e/abli%$ religion w at la/ swall[ up all ! re/4 ,quak]s are disqualifi$ f be+ memb]s ( ,p>liam5t2 nor c !y enjoy any po/ or pref]m5t1 because an oa? mu/ always be tak5 on ^! occasions1 & !y nev] swe>4 ,!y are !re=e r$uc$ to ! necessity ( subsi/+ ^u traffic4 ,_! *ildr51 :om ! indu/ry ( _! p>5ts has enri*$1 are desir\s ( enjoy+ hon\rs1 ( we>+ buttons & ruffles2 & q a%am$ ( be+ call$ ,quak]s !y become conv]ts to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 m]ely to be 9 ! fa%ion4 ,,lett] ,v4--,,on ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl& ,engl& is prop]ly ! c\ntry ( sect>i/s4 ,multae sunt mansiones 9 domo patris mei 79 my ,fa!r's h\se are _m mansions74 ,an ,engli%man1 z "o to :om lib]ty is natural1 may g to heav5 8 own way4 ,nev]!less1 ?\gh e "o is p]mitt$ to s]ve ,god 9 :atev] mode or fa%ion he ?9ks prop]1 yet _! true religion1 t 9 :i* a man makes 8 =tune1 is ! sect ( ,episcopalians or ,*ur*m51 call$ ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 or simply ! ,*ur*1 by way ( em95ce4 ,no p]son c possess an employm5t ei!r 9 ,engl& or ,irel& unless he be rank$ among ! fai?ful1 t is1 pr(esses himself a memb] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,?is reason 7:i* c>ries ma!matical evid5ce ) x7 has conv]t$ su* numb]s ( ,diss5t]s ( all p]suasions1 t n a tw5tie? "p ( ! nation is out ( ! pale ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4 ,! ,engli% cl]gy h reta9$ a great numb] ( ! ,romi% c]emonies1 & especially t ( receiv+1 ) a mo/ scrupul\s att5tion1 _! ti!s4 ,!y also h ! pi\s ambition to aim at sup]iority4 ,moreov]1 !y inspire v religi\sly _! flock ) a holy zeal aga9/ ,diss5t]s ( all d5om9ations4 ,?is zeal 0 pretty viol5t "u ! ,tories 9 ! f\r la/ ye>s ( ,que5 ,anne2 b 0 productive ( no great] mis*ief ?an ! break+ ! w9d[s ( "s meet+-h\ses & ! demoli%+ ( a few ( !m4 ,= religi\s rage ceas$ 9 ,engl& ) ! civil w>s1 & 0 no m "u ,que5 ,anne ?an ! holl[ noise ( a sea ^: bill[s /ill heav$1 ?\gh s long aft] ! /orm :5 ! ,:igs & ,tories laid wa/e _! native c\ntry1 9 ! same mann] z ! ,guelphs & ,ghibel9s =m]ly did !irs4 ,x 0 absolutely necess>y = bo? p>ties to call 9 religion on ?is occasion2 ! ,tories decl>$ = ,episcopacy1 & ! ,:igs1 z "s imag9$1 7 = aboli%+ x2 h[ev]1 aft] ^! _h got ! upp] h&1 !y cont5t$ !mselves ) only abridg+ x4 ,at ! "t :5 ! ,e>l ( ,ox=d & ! ,"l ,bol+broke us$ to dr9k heal?s to ! ,tories1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& consid]$ ^? noblem5 z ! def5d]s ( its holy privileges4 ,! l[] ,h\se ( ,convocation 7a k9d ( ,h\se ( ,commons7 compos$ :olly ( ! cl]gy1 0 9 "s cr$it at t "t2 at lea/ ! memb]s ( x _h ! lib]ty to meet1 to dispute on ecclesia/ical matt]s1 to s5t5ce impi\s books f "t to "t to ! flames1 t is1 books writt5 aga9/ !mselves4 ,! ,m9i/ry :i* is n[ compos$ ( ,:igs does n s mu* z all[ ^? g5tlem5 to assemble1 s t !y are at ?is "t r$uc$ 79 ! obscurity ( _! respective p>i%es7 to ! melan*oly occupation ( pray+ = ! prosp]ity ( ! ,gov]nm5t ^: tranquillity !y w\ld will+ly di/urb4 ,) reg>d to ! bi%ops1 :o are tw5ty-six 9 all1 !y /ill h seats 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords 9 spite ( ! ,:igs1 because ! anci5t abuse ( consid]+ !m z b>ons subsi/s to ?is day4 ,!re is a clause1 h[ev]1 9 ! oa? :i* ! ,gov]nm5t requires f ^! g5tlem51 t puts _! ,*ri/ian pati5ce to a v great trial1 viz41 t !y %all be ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& z by law e/abli%$4 ,!re are few bi%ops1 deans1 or o!r dignit>ies1 b imag9e !y are s jure div9o2 x is consequ5tly a great mortification to !m to be oblig$ to confess t !y owe _! dignity to a pitiful law enact$ by a set ( pr(ane laym54 ,a le>n$ monk 7,fa!r ,c\ray]7 wrote a book lately to prove ! validity & succession ( ,engli% ord9ations4 ,?is book 0 =bid 9 ,france1 b d y believe t ! ,engli% ,m9i/ry 7 pleas$ ) x8 ,f> f x4 ,^? wick$ ,:igs don't c>e a /raw :e!r ! episcopal succession among !m ha? be5 int]rupt$ or n1 or :e!r ,bi%op ,p>k] 0 consecrat$ 7z x is pret5d$7 9 a tav]n or a *ur*2 = ^! ,:igs are mu* bett] pleas$ t ! ,bi%ops %\ld d]ive _! au?ority f ! ,p>liam5t ?an f ! ,apo/les4 ,! ,"l ,bol+broke obs]v$ t ?is notion ( div9e "r w\ld only make s _m tyrants 9 lawn sleeves1 b t ! laws made s _m citiz5s4 ,) reg>d to ! morals ( ! ,engli% cl]gy1 !y are m regul> ?an ^? ( ,france1 & = ?is reason4 ,all ! cl]gy 7a v few except$7 are educat$ 9 ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d or ,cambridge1 f> f ! depravity & corruption :i* reign 9 ! capital4 ,!y are n call$ to dignities till v late1 at a "t ( life :5 m5 are s5sible ( no o!r passion b av>ice1 t is1 :5 _! ambition craves a supply4 ,employm5ts are "h be/[$ bo? 9 ! ,*ur* & ! army1 z a rew>d = long s]vices2 & we nev] see y\ng/]s made bi%ops or colonels imm$iately ^u _! lay+ aside ! academical g[n2 & besides mo/ ( ! cl]gy are m>ri$4 ,! /iff & awkw>d air contract$ by !m at ! ,univ]sity1 & ! little famili>ity ! m5 ( ?is c\ntry h ) ! ladies1 commonly oblige a bi%op to conf9e himself to1 & re/ cont5t$ )1 8 own4 ,cl]gym5 sometimes take a glass at ! tav]n1 cu/om giv+ !m a sanction on ?is occasion2 & if !y fuddle !mselves x is 9 a v s]i\s mann]1 & )\t giv+ ! lea/ sc&al4 ,t fable-mix$ k9d ( mortal 7n to be def9$71 :o is nei!r ( ! cl]gy nor ( ! laity2 9 a ^w1 ! ?+ call$ ,abbe 9 ,france2 is a species q unkn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,all ! cl]gy "h are v mu* ^u ! res]ve1 & mo/ ( !m p$ants4 ,:5 ^! are told t 9 ,france "y fell[s fam\s = _! dissolut5ess1 & rais$ to ! highe/ dignities ( ! ,*ur* by female intrigues1 address ! fair publicly 9 an amor\s way1 amuse !mselves 9 writ+ t5d] love songs1 ent]ta9 _! fri5ds v spl5didly e night at _! own h\ses1 & aft] ! banquet is end$ )draw to invoke ! assi/ance ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & call !mselves boldly ! successors ( ! ,apo/les1 !y bless ,god = _! be+ ,prote/ants4 ,b ^! are %ameless h]etics1 :o des]ve to be bl[n h5ce ?r\gh ! flames to old ,nick1 z ,rabelais says1 & = ?is reason ,i d n tr\ble myself ab\t !m4 ,,lett] ,,vi4--,,on ,,! ,,presbyt]ians ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is conf9$ almo/ to ! k+dom :5ce x receiv$ its "n1 & to ,irel&1 = ,presbyt]ianism is ! e/abli%$ religion 9 ,scotl&4 ,?is ,presbyt]ianism is directly ! same ) ,calv9ism1 z x 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,france1 & is n[ pr(ess$ at ,g5eva4 ,z ! prie/s ( ?is sect receive b v inconsid]able /ip5ds f _! *ur*es1 & consequ5tly _c emulate ! spl5did luxury ( bi%ops1 !y exclaim v naturally aga9/ hon\rs :i* !y c nev] atta9 to4 ,figure to y\rself ! haughty ,diog5es trampl+ "u foot ! pride ( ,plato4 ,! ,scot* ,presbyt]ians are n v unlike t pr\d ?\gh tatt]$ reason]4 ,diog5es did n use ,alex&] half s imp]t95tly z ^! treat$ ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii42 = :5 !y took up arms 9 8 cause 9 opposition to ,oliv]1 :o _h deceiv$ !m1 !y =c$ t poor mon>* to und]go ! he>+ ( ?ree or f\r s]mons e day1 w\ld n suff] him to play1 r$uc$ him to a /ate ( p5it5ce & mortification1 s t ,*>les soon grew sick ( ^! p$ants1 & accord+ly elop$ f !m ) z mu* joy z a y\? does f s*ool4 ,a ,*ur* ( ,engl& m9i/] appe>s z ano!r ,cato 9 pres5ce ( a juv5ile1 sprightly ,fr5* graduate1 :o bawls = a :ole morn+ toge!r 9 ! div9ity s*ools1 & hums a song 9 *orus ) ladies 9 ! ev5+2 b ?is ,cato is a v sp>k :5 be=e a ,scot* ,presbyt]ian4 ,! latt] affects a s]i\s gait1 puts on a s\r look1 we>s a va/ly broad-brimm$ hat & a long cloak ov] a v %ort coat1 prea*es ?r\gh ! nose1 & gives ! "n ( ! :ore ( ,babylon to all *ur*es :]e ! m9i/]s are s =tunate z to enjoy an annual rev5ue ( five or six ?\s& p\nds1 & :]e ! p are weak en\gh to suff] ?is1 & to give !m ! titles ( my "l1 y\r lord%ip1 or y\r em95ce4 ,^! g5tlem51 :o h also "s *ur*es 9 ,engl&1 introduc$ !re ! mode ( grave & sev]e exhortations4 ,to !m is ow+ ! sanctification ( ,sunday 9 ! ?ree k+doms4 ,p are !re =bidd5 to "w or take any recreation on t day1 9 :i* ! sev]ity is twice z great z t ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*4 ,no op]as1 plays1 or conc]ts are all[$ 9 ,london on ,sundays1 & ev5 c>ds are s expressly =bidd5 t none b p]sons ( quality1 & ^? we call ! g5teel1 play on t day2 ! re/ ( ! nation g ei!r to *ur*1 to ! tav]n1 or to see _! mi/resses4 ,?\gh ! ,episcopal & ,presbyt]ian sects are ! two prevail+ ones 9 ,great ,brita91 yet all o!rs are v welcome to come & settle 9 x1 & live v sociably toge!r1 ?\gh mo/ ( _! prea*]s hate "o ano!r almo/ z cordially z a ,jans5i/ damns a ,jesuit4 ,take a view ( ! ,royal ,ex*ange 9 ,london1 a place m v5]able ?an _m c\rts ( ju/ice1 :]e ! repres5tatives ( all nations meet = ! b5efit ( mank9d4 ,!re ! ,jew1 ! ,mahometan1 & ! ,*ri/ian transact toge!r1 z ?\gh !y all pr(ess$ ! same religion1 & give ! "n ( infidel to none b bankrupts4 ,!re ! ,presbyt]ian confides 9 ! ,anabapti/1 & ! ,*ur*man dep5ds on ! ,quak]'s ^w4 ,if "o religion only 7 all[$ 9 ,engl&1 ! ,gov]nm5t w\ld v possibly become arbitr>y2 if !re 7 b two1 ! p w\ld cut "o ano!r's ?roats2 b z !re are su* a multitude1 !y all live happy & 9 peace4 ,,lett] ,,vii4--,,on ,,! ,,soc9ians1 ,,or ,,arians1 ,,or ,,antitr9it>ians ,!re is a little sect "h compos$ ( cl]gym51 & ( a few v le>n$ p]sons among ! laity1 :o1 ?\gh !y d n call !mselves ,arians or ,soc9ians1 d yet diss5t entirely f ,/4 ,a?anasius ) reg>d to _! notions ( ! ,tr9ity1 & decl>e v frankly t ! ,fa!r is great] ?an ! ,son4 ,d y rememb] :at is relat$ ( a c]ta9 or?odox bi%op1 :o1 9 ord] to conv9ce an emp]or ( ! reality ( consub/antiation1 put 8 h& "u ! *9 ( ! mon>*'s son1 & took him by ! nose 9 pres5ce ( 8 sacr$ maje/y8 ,! emp]or 0 go+ to ord] 8 att5dants to ?r[ ! bi%op out ( ! w9d[1 :5 ! good old man gave him ?is h&some & conv9c+ reason3 ,s9ce y\r maje/y1 says he1 is angry :5 y\r son has n due respect %[n him1 :at puni%m5t d y ?9k w ,god ! ,fa!r inflict on ^? :o refuse ,8 ,son ,jesus ! titles due to ,him8 ,! p]sons ,i j n[ m5tion$ decl>e t ! holy bi%op took a v wrong /ep1 t 8 argum5t 0 inconclusive1 & t ! emp]or %\ld h answ]$ him ?us3 ,"k t !re are two ways by :i* m5 may be want+ 9 respect to me--fir/1 9 n do+ hon\r suffici5t to my son2 &1 secondly1 9 pay+ him ! same hon\r z to me4 ,be ?is z x w1 ! pr9ciples ( ,arius beg9 to revive1 n only 9 ,engl&1 b 9 ,holl& & ,pol&4 ,! celebrat$ ,sir ,isaac ,newton hon\r$ ?is op9ion s f> z to c\nt5ance x4 ,?is philosoph] ?\ght t ! ,unit>ians argu$ m ma!matically ?an we d4 ,b ! mo/ sangu9e /ickl] = ,arianism is ! illu/ri\s ,dr4 ,cl>k4 ,?is man is rigidly virtu\s1 & ( a mild disposition1 is m fond ( 8 t5ets ?an desir\s ( propagat+ !m1 & absorb$ s entirely 9 problems & calculations t he is a m]e reason+ ma*9e4 ,x is he :o wrote a book :i* is mu* e/eem$ & little und]/ood1 on ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 & ano!r1 m intelligible1 b pretty mu* contemn$1 on ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,he nev] engag$ 9 s*ola/ic disputes1 :i* our fri5d calls v5]able trifles4 ,he only publi%$ a "w conta9+ all ! te/imonies ( ! primitive ages = & aga9/ ! ,unit>ians1 & leaves to ! read] ! c\nt+ ( ! voices & ! lib]ty ( =m+ a judgm5t4 ,?is book won ! doctor a great numb] ( p>tisans1 & lo/ him ! ,see ( ,cant]bury2 b1 9 my humble op9ion1 he 0 out 9 8 calculation1 & _h bett] h be5 ,primate ( all ,engl& ?an m]ely an ,arian p>son4 ,y see t op9ions are subject to revolutions z well z empires4 ,arianism1 aft] hav+ triumph$ dur+ ?ree c5turies1 & be5 =got twelve1 rises at la/ out ( its own a%es2 b x has *os5 a v improp] season to make its appe>ance 91 ! pres5t age be+ q cloy$ ) disputes & sects4 ,! memb]s ( ?is sect are1 besides1 too few to be indulg$ ! lib]ty ( hold+ public assemblies1 :i*1 h[ev]1 !y w1 d\btless1 be p]mitt$ to d 9 case !y spread consid]ably4 ,b p are n[ s v cold ) respect to all ?+s ( ?is k9d1 t !re is little probability any new religion1 or old "o1 t may be reviv$1 w meet ) fav\r4 ,is x n :imsical en\gh t ,lu!r1 ,calv91 & ,zu+lius1 all ( !m wret*$ au?ors1 %\ld h f\nd$ sects :i* are n[ spread ov] a great "p ( ,europe1 t ,mahomet1 ?\gh s ignorant1 %\ld h giv5 a religion to ,asia & ,africa1 & t ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 ,dr4 ,cl>k1 ,mr4 ,locke1 ,mr4 ,le ,cl]c1 etc41 ! greate/ philosoph]s1 z well z ! able/ writ]s ( _! ages1 %\ld sc>cely h be5 able to raise a little flock1 :i* ev5 decreases daily4 ,?is x is to be born at a prop] p]iod ( "t4 ,7 ,c>d9al de ,retz to return aga9 into ! _w1 nei!r 8 eloqu5ce nor 8 intrigues w\ld draw toge!r t5 wom5 9 ,p>is4 ,7 ,oliv] ,cromwell1 he :o behead$ 8 sov]eign1 & seiz$ ^u ! k+ly dignity1 to rise f ! dead1 he w\ld be a weal?y ,city trad]1 & no m4 ,,lett] ,,viii4--,,on ,,! ,,p>liam5t ,! memb]s ( ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t are fond ( comp>+ !mselves to ! old ,romans4 ,n long s9ce ,mr4 ,%ipp5 op5$ a spee* 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons ) ^! words1 ,! maje/y ( ! p ( ,engl& w\ld be w\nd$4 ,! s+ul>ity ( ! expression occasion$ a l\d laugh2 b ?is g5tleman1 s f> f be+ disconc]t$1 repeat$ ! same words ) a resolute tone ( voice1 & ! laugh ceas$4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! maje/y ( ! p ( ,engl& has no?+ 9 common ) t ( ! p ( ,rome1 mu* less is !re any aff9ity betwe5 _! ,gov]nm5ts4 ,!re is 9 ,london a s5ate1 "s ( ! memb]s :]e( are accus$ 7d\btless v unju/ly7 ( sell+ _! voices on c]ta9 occasions1 z 0 done 9 ,rome2 ?is is ! only resemblance4 ,besides1 ! two nations appe> to me q opposite 9 "*1 ) reg>d bo? to good & evil4 ,! ,romans nev] knew ! dreadful folly ( religi\s w>s1 an abom9ation res]v$ = dev\t prea*]s ( pati5ce & humility4 ,m>ius & ,sylla1 ,caes> & ,pompey1 ,an?ony & ,augu/us1 did n draw _! swords & set ! _w 9 a blaze m]ely to det]m9e :e!r ! flam5 %\ld we> 8 %irt ov] 8 robe1 or 8 robe ov] 8 %irt1 or :e!r ! sacr$ *ick5s %\ld eat & dr9k1 or eat only1 9 ord] to take ! augury4 ,! ,engli% h hang$ "o ano!r by law1 & cut "o ano!r to pieces 9 pit*$ battles1 = qu>rels ( z trifl+ a nature4 ,! sects ( ! ,episcopalians & ,presbyt]ians q di/ract$ ^! v s]i\s heads = a "t4 ,b ,i fancy !y w h>dly ev] be s silly aga91 !y seem+ to be gr[n wis] at _! own exp5se2 & ,i d n p]ceive ! lea/ incl9ation 9 !m to murd] "o ano!r m]ely ab\t syllogisms1 z "s zealots among !m once did4 ,b "h foll[s a m ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ,rome & ,engl&1 :i* gives ! advantage entirely to ! latt]--viz41 t ! civil w>s ( ,rome end$ 9 slav]y1 & ^? ( ! ,engli% 9 lib]ty4 ,! ,engli% are ! only p ^u e>? :o h be5 able to prescribe limits to ! p[] ( k+s by resi/+ !m2 & :o1 by a s]ies ( /ruggles1 h at la/ e/abli%$ t wise ,gov]nm5t :]e ! ,pr9ce is all-p[]ful to d good1 &1 at ! same "t1 is re/ra9$ f committ+ evil2 :]e ! nobles are great )\t insol5ce1 ?\gh !re are no vassals2 & :]e ! p %>e 9 ! ,gov]nm5t )\t confusion4 ,! ,h\se ( ,lords & t ( ! ,commons divide ! legislative p[] "u ! k+1 b ! ,romans _h no su* balance4 ,! patricians & plebeians 9 ,rome 7 p]petually at v>iance1 & !re 0 no int]m$iate p[] to reconcile !m4 ,! ,roman s5ate1 :o 7 s unju/ly1 s crim9ally pr\d z n to suff] ! plebeians to %>e ) !m 9 any?+1 c\ld f9d no o!r artifice to keep ! latt] out ( ! adm9i/ration ?an by employ+ !m 9 =eign w>s4 ,!y consid]$ ! plebeians z a wild bea/1 :om x behov$ !m to let loose ^u _! neighb\rs1 = fe> !y %\ld dev\r _! ma/]s4 ,?us ! greate/ defect 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,romans rais$ !m to be conqu]ors4 ,by be+ unhappy at home1 !y triumph$ ov] & possess$ !mselves ( ! _w1 till at la/ _! divisions sunk !m to slav]y4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,engl& w nev] rise to s exalt$ a pit* ( glory1 nor w its end be s fatal4 ,! ,engli% are n fir$ ) ! spl5did folly ( mak+ conque/s1 b w\ld only prev5t _! neighb\rs f conqu]+4 ,!y are n only jeal\s ( _! own lib]ty1 b ev5 ( t ( o!r nations4 ,! ,engli% 7 exasp]at$ aga9/ ,l\is ,,xiv4 = no o!r reason b because he 0 ambiti\s1 & decl>$ w> aga9/ him m]ely out ( levity1 n f any int]e/$ motives4 ,! ,engli% h d\btless pur*as$ _! lib]ties at a v high price1 & wad$ ?r\gh seas ( blood to dr[n ! idol ( arbitr>y p[]4 ,o!r nations h be5 involv$ 9 z great calamities1 & h %$ z mu* blood2 b !n ! blood !y spilt 9 def5ce ( _! lib]ties only enslav$ !m ! m4 ,t :i* rises to a revolution 9 ,engl& is no m ?an a s$ition 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,a city 9 ,spa91 9 ,b>b>y1 or 9 ,turkey1 takes up arms 9 def5ce ( its privileges1 :5 imm$iately x is /orm$ by m]c5>y troops1 x is puni%$ by execution]s1 & ! re/ ( ! nation kiss ! *a9s !y are load$ )4 ,! ,fr5* are ( op9ion t ! gov]nm5t ( ?is isl& is m tempe/u\s ?an ! sea :i* surr\nds x1 :i* inde$ is true2 b !n x is nev] s b :5 ! k+ raises ! /orm--:5 he attempts to seize ! %ip ( :i* he is only ! *ief pilot4 ,! civil w>s ( ,france la/$ long]1 7 m cruel1 & productive ( great] evils ?an ^? ( ,engl&2 b none ( ^! civil w>s _h a wise & prud5t lib]ty = _! object4 ,9 ! dete/able reigns ( ,*>les ,,ix4 & ,h5ry ,,iii4 ! :ole affair 0 only :e!r ! p %\ld be slaves to ! ,guises4 ,) reg>d to ! la/ w> ( ,p>is1 x des]ves only to be hoot$ at4 ,me?9ks ,i see a cr[d ( s*oolboys ris+ up 9 arms aga9/ _! ma/]1 & aft]w>ds :ipp$ = x4 ,c>d9al de ,retz1 :o 0 witty & brave 7b to no purpose71 rebelli\s )\t a cause1 facti\s )\t design1 & head ( a def5celess p>ty1 caball$ = caball+ sake1 & seem$ to fom5t ! civil w> m]ely out ( div]sion4 ,! ,p>liam5t did n "k :at he int5d$1 nor :at he did n int5d4 ,he levi$ troops by ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 & ! next mom5t ca%i]$ !m4 ,he ?reat5$1 he begg$ p>don2 he set a price ^u ,c>d9al ,maz>9's head1 & aft]w>ds congratulat$ him 9 a public mann]4 ,our civil w>s "u ,*>les ,,vi4 7 bloody & cruel1 ^? ( ! ,league execrable1 & t ( ! ,frondeurs ridicul\s4 ,t = :i* ! ,fr5* *iefly reproa* ! ,engli% nation is ! murd] ( ,k+ ,*>les ,i41 :om 8 subjects treat$ exactly z he w\ld h treat$ !m _h 8 reign be5 prosp]\s4 ,aft] all1 consid] on "o side ,*>les ,i41 defeat$ 9 a pit*$ battle1 imprison$1 tri$1 s5t5c$ to die 9 ,we/m9/] ,hall1 & !n behead$4 ,& on ! o!r1 ! ,emp]or ,h5ry ,,vii41 poison$ by 8 *apla9 at 8 receiv+ ! ,sacram5t2 ,h5ry ,,iii4 /abb$ by a monk2 ?irty assass9ations project$ aga9/ ,h5ry ,,iv41 sev]al ( !m put 9 execution1 & ! la/ b]eav+ t great mon>* ( 8 life4 ,weigh1 ,i say1 all ^! wick$ attempts1 & !n judge4 ,,lett] ,,ix4--,,on ,,! ,,gov]nm5t ,t mixture 9 ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t1 t h>mony betwe5 ,k+1 ,lords1 & commons1 did n always subsi/4 ,engl& 0 enslav$ = a long s]ies ( ye>s by ! ,romans1 ! ,saxons1 ! ,danes1 & ! ,fr5* successively4 ,william ! ,conqu]or p>ticul>ly1 rul$ !m ) a rod ( iron4 ,he dispos$ z absolutely ( ! lives & =tunes ( 8 conqu]$ subjects z an ea/]n mon>*2 & =bade1 ^u pa9 ( dea?1 ! ,engli% ei!r fire or c&le 9 _! h\ses aft] eight o'clock2 :e!r 0 ?is to prev5t _! nocturnal meet+s1 or only to try1 by an odd & :imsical prohibition1 h[ f> x 0 possible = "o man to ext5d 8 p[] ov] 8 fell[-creatures4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ! ,engli% _h ,p>liam5ts be=e & aft] ,william ! ,conqu]or1 & !y boa/ ( !m1 z ?\gh ^! assemblies !n call$ ,p>liam5ts1 compos$ ( ecclesia/ical tyrants & ( plund]]s entitl$ b>ons1 _h be5 ! gu>dians ( ! public lib]ty & happ9ess4 ,! b>b>ians :o came f ! %ores ( ! ,baltic1 & settl$ 9 ! re/ ( ,europe1 br\ght ) !m ! =m ( gov]nm5t call$ ,/ates or ,p>liam5ts1 ab\t :i* s mu* noise is made1 & :i* are s little und]/ood4 ,k+s1 inde$1 7 n absolute 9 ^? days2 b !n ! p 7 m wret*$ ^u t v acc\nt1 & m completely enslav$4 ,! *iefs ( ^! savages1 :o _h laid wa/e ,france1 ,italy1 ,spa91 & ,engl&1 made !mselves mon>*s4 ,_! g5]als divid$ among !mselves ! sev]al c\ntries !y _h conqu]$1 :5ce sprung ^? m>graves1 ^? pe]s1 ^? b>ons1 ^? petty tyrants1 :o (t5 conte/$ ) _! sov]eigns = ! spoils ( :ole nations4 ,^! 7 birds ( prey fight+ ) an eagle = doves ^: blood ! victori\s 0 to suck4 ,e nation1 in/ead ( be+ gov]n$ by "o ma/]1 0 trampl$ ^u by a hundr$ tyrants4 ,! prie/s soon play$ a "p among !m4 ,be=e ?is x _h be5 ! fate ( ! ,gauls1 ! ,g]mans1 & ! ,britons1 to be always gov]n$ by _! ,druids & ! *iefs ( _! villages1 an anci5t k9d ( b>ons1 n s tyrannical z _! successors4 ,^! ,druids pret5d$ to be m$iators betwe5 ,god & man4 ,!y enact$ laws1 !y fulm9at$ _! excommunications1 & s5t5c$ to dea?4 ,! bi%ops succe$$1 by ins5sible degrees1 to _! temporal au?ority 9 ! ,go? & ,v&al gov]nm5t4 ,! popes set !mselves at _! head1 & arm$ ) _! briefs1 _! bulls1 & re9=c$ by monks1 !y made ev5 k+s tremble1 depos$ & assass9at$ !m at pleasure1 & employ$ e artifice to draw into _! own purses moneys f all p>ts ( ,europe4 ,! weak ,ina1 "o ( ! tyrants ( ! ,saxon ,hept>*y 9 ,engl&1 0 ! fir/ mon>* :o submitt$1 9 8 pilgrimage to ,rome1 to pay ,/4 ,pet]'s p5ny 7equival5t v ne> to a ,fr5* cr[n7 = e h\se 9 8 dom9ions4 ,! :ole isl& soon foll[$ 8 example2 ,engl& became ins5sibly "o ( ! ,pope's prov9ces1 & ! ,holy ,fa!r us$ to s5d f "t to "t 8 legates ?i!r to levy exorbitant taxes4 ,at la/ ,k+ ,john deliv]$ up by a public in/rum5t ! k+dom ( ,engl& to ! ,pope1 :o _h excommunicat$ him2 b ! b>ons1 n f9d+ _! acc\nt 9 ?is resignation1 de?ron$ ! wret*$ ,k+ ,john & seat$ ,l\is1 fa!r to ,/4 ,l\is1 ,k+ ( ,france1 9 8 place4 ,h[ev]1 !y 7 soon we>y ( _! new mon>*1 & accord+ly oblig$ him to return to ,france4 ,:il/ t ! b>ons1 ! bi%ops1 & ! popes1 all laid wa/e ,engl&1 :]e all 7 = rul+ ! mo/ num]\s1 ! mo/ useful1 ev5 ! mo/ virtu\s1 & consequ5tly ! mo/ v5]able "p ( mank9d1 consi/+ ( ^? :o /udy ! laws & ! sci5ces1 ( trad]s1 ( artific]s1 9 a ^w1 ( all :o 7 n tyrants--t is1 ^? :o are call$ ! p3 ^!1 ,i say1 7 by !m look$ ^u z s _m animals b5ea? ! dignity ( ! human species4 ,! ,commons 9 ^? ages 7 f> f %>+ 9 ! gov]nm5t1 !y be+ villa9s or peasants1 ^: lab\r1 ^: blood1 7 ! prop]ty ( _! ma/]s :o entitl$ !mselves ! nobility4 ,! major "p ( m5 9 ,europe 7 at t "t :at !y are to ?is day 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! _w--!y 7 villa9s or bondsm5 ( lords--t is1 a k9d ( cattle b\ght & sold ) ! l&4 ,_m ages pass$ away be=e ju/ice c\ld be done to human nature--be=e mank9d 7 consci\s t x 0 abom9able = _m to s[1 & b few reap4 ,& 0 n ,france v happy1 :5 ! p[] & au?ority ( ^? petty robb]s 0 aboli%$ by ! lawful au?ority ( k+s & ( ! p8 ,happily1 9 ! viol5t %ocks :i* ! divisions betwe5 k+s & ! nobles gave to empires1 ! *a9s ( nations 7 m or less heavy4 ,lib]ty 9 ,engl& sprang f ! qu>rels ( tyrants4 ,! b>ons =c$ ,k+ ,john & ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii4 to grant ! fam\s ,magna ,*>ta1 ! *ief design ( :i* 0 inde$ to make k+s dep5d5t on ! ,lords2 b !n ! re/ ( ! nation 7 a little fav\r$ 9 x1 9 ord] t !y might jo9 on prop] occasions ) _! pret5d$ ma/]s4 ,?is great ,*>t]1 :i* is consid]$ z ! sacr$ orig9 ( ! ,engli% lib]ties1 %[s 9 itself h[ little lib]ty 0 kn[n4 ,! title alone proves t ! k+ ?\ght he _h a j "r to be absolute2 & t ! b>ons1 & ev5 ! cl]gy1 =c$ him to give up ! pret5d$ "r1 = no o!r reason b because !y 7 ! mo/ p[]ful4 ,magna ,*>ta beg9s 9 ?is /yle3 ,we grant1 ( our own free w1 ! foll[+ privileges to ! ar*bi%ops1 bi%ops1 priors1 & b>ons ( our k+dom1 etc4 ,! ,h\se ( ,commons is n once m5tion$ 9 ! articles ( ?is ,*>t]--a pro( t x did n yet exi/1 or t x exi/$ )\t p[]4 ,m5tion is !re9 made1 by "n1 ( ! freem5 ( ,engl&--a melan*oly pro( t "s 7 n s4 ,x appe>s1 by ,article ,,xxxii41 t ^! pret5d$ freem5 ow$ s]vice to _! lords4 ,su* a lib]ty z ?is 0 n _m removes f slav]y4 ,by ,article ,,xxi41 ! k+ orda9s t 8 (fic]s %all n h5ce=w>d seize ^u1 unless !y pay = !m1 ! horses & c>ts ( freem54 ,! p consid]$ ?is ord9ance z a real lib]ty1 ?\gh x 0 a great] tyranny4 ,h5ry ,,vii41 t happy usurp] & great politician1 :o pret5d$ to love ! b>ons1 ?\gh he 9 reality hat$ & fe>$ !m1 got _! l&s ali5at$4 ,by ?is means ! villa9s1 aft]w>ds acquir+ ri*es by _! indu/ry1 pur*as$ ! e/ates & c\ntry seats ( ! illu/ri\s pe]s :o _h ru9$ !mselves by _! folly & extravagance1 & all ! l&s got by ins5sible degrees into o!r h&s4 ,! p[] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons increas$ e day4 ,! families ( ! anci5t pe]s 7 at la/ ext9ct2 & z pe]s only are prop]ly noble 9 ,engl&1 !re w\ld be no su* ?+ 9 /rictness ( law z nobility 9 t isl&1 _h n ! k+s creat$ new b>ons f "t to "t1 & pres]v$ ! body ( pe]s1 once a t]ror to !m1 to oppose !m to ! ,commons1 s9ce become s =midable4 ,all ^! new pe]s :o compose ! ,high] ,h\se receive no?+ b _! titles f ! k+1 & v few ( !m h e/ates 9 ^? places :5ce !y take _! titles4 ,"o %all be ,duke ( ,d-1 ?\gh he has n a foot ( l& 9 ,dorset%ire2 & ano!r is ,e>l ( a village1 ?\gh he sc>ce kn[s :]e x is situat$4 ,! pe]s h p[]1 b x is only 9 ! ,p>liam5t ,h\se4 ,!re is no su* ?+ "h z haute1 moy5ne1 & basse ju/ice--t is1 a p[] to judge 9 all matt]s civil & crim9al2 nor a "r or privilege ( hunt+ 9 ! gr\nds ( a citiz51 :o at ! same "t is n p]mitt$ to fire a gun 9 8 own field4 ,no "o is exempt$ 9 ?is c\ntry f pay+ c]ta9 taxes because he is a nobleman or a prie/4 ,all duties & taxes are settl$ by ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ^: p[] is great] ?an t ( ! ,pe]s1 ?\gh inf]ior to x 9 dignity4 ,! spiritual z well z temporal ,lords h ! lib]ty to reject a ,money ,bill br\ght 9 by ! ,commons2 b !y are n all[$ to alt] any?+ 9 x1 & mu/ ei!r pass or ?r[ x out )\t re/riction4 ,:5 ! ,bill has pass$ ! ,lords & is sign$ by ! k+1 !n ! :ole nation pays1 e man 9 proportion to 8 rev5ue or e/ate1 n accord+ to 8 title1 :i* w\ld be absurd4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z an arbitr>y subsidy or poll-tax1 b a real tax on ! l&s1 ( all :i* an e/imate 0 made 9 ! reign ( ! fam\s ,k+ ,william ,,iii4 ,! l&-tax cont9ues /ill ^u ! same foot1 ?\gh ! rev5ue ( ! l&s is increas$4 ,?us no "o is tyrannis$ ov]1 & e "o is easy4 ,! feet ( ! peasants are n bruis$ by wood5 %oes2 !y eat :ite bread1 are well clo!d1 & are n afraid ( increas+ _! /ock ( cattle1 nor ( til+ _! h\ses1 f any appreh5sion t _! taxes w be rais$ ! ye> foll[+4 ,! annual income ( ! e/ates ( a great _m common]s 9 ,engl& am\nts to two hundr$ ?\s& livres1 & yet ^! d n ?9k x b5ea? !m to pl\gh ! l&s :i* enri* !m1 & on :i* !y enjoy _! lib]ty4 ,,lett] ,x4--,,on ,,trade ,z trade enri*$ ! citiz5s 9 ,engl&1 s x contribut$ to _! fre$om1 & ?is fre$om on ! o!r side ext5d$ _! comm]ce1 :5ce arose ! gr&eur ( ! ,/ate4 ,trade rais$ by ins5sible degrees ! naval p[]1 :i* gives ! ,engli% a sup]iority ov] ! seas1 & !y n[ are ma/]s ( v ne> two hundr$ %ips ( w>4 ,po/]ity w v probably be surpris$ to he> t an isl& ^: only produce is a little lead1 t91 full]'s-e>?1 & co>se wool1 %\ld become s p[]ful by its comm]ce1 z to be able to s5d1 9 #agbc1 ?ree fleets at ! same "t to ?ree diff]5t & f> di/anc$ p>ts ( ! globe4 ,"o be=e ,gibralt>1 conqu]$ & /ill possess$ by ! ,engli%2 a second to ,portobello1 to dispossess ! ,k+ ( ,spa9 ( ! treasures ( ! ,we/ ,indies2 & a ?ird into ! ,baltic1 to prev5t ! ,nor!rn ,p[]s f com+ to an engagem5t4 ,at ! "t :5 ,l\is ,,xiv4 made all ,italy tremble1 & t 8 armies1 :i* _h already possess$ !mselves ( ,savoy & ,pi$mont1 7 ^u ! po9t ( tak+ ,tur92 ,pr9ce ,eug5e 0 oblig$ to m>* f ! middle ( ,g]many 9 ord] to succ\r ,savoy4 ,hav+ no money1 )\t :i* cities _c be ei!r tak5 or def5d$1 he address$ himself to "s ,engli% m]*ants4 ,^!1 at an h\r & half's w>n+1 l5t him five millions1 :]eby he 0 enabl$ to deliv] ,tur91 & to beat ! ,fr5*2 aft] :i* he wrote ! foll[+ %ort lett] to ! p]sons :o _h disburs$ him ! above-m5tion$ sums3 ,g5tlem51 ,i h receiv$ y\r money1 & flatt] myself t ,i h laid x out to y\r satisfaction4 ,su* a circum/ance z ?is raises a j pride 9 an ,engli% m]*ant1 & makes him presume 7n )\t "s reason7 to comp>e himself to a ,roman citiz52 &1 inde$1 a pe]'s bro!r does n ?9k traffic b5ea? him4 ,:5 ! ,"l ,t[n%5d 0 ,m9i/] ( ,/ate1 a bro!r ( 8 0 cont5t to be a ,city m]*ant2 & at ! "t t ! ,e>l ( ,ox=d gov]n$ ,great ,brita91 a y\ng] bro!r 0 no m ?an a factor 9 ,aleppo1 :]e he *ose to live1 & :]e he di$4 ,?is cu/om1 :i* beg9s1 h[ev]1 to be laid aside1 appe>s mon/r\s to ,g]mans1 va9ly puff$ up ) _! extraction4 ,^! ?9k x morally impossible t ! son ( an ,engli% pe] %\ld be no m ?an a ri* & p[]ful citiz51 = all are pr9ces 9 ,g]many4 ,!re h be5 ?irty highnesses ( ! same "n1 all ^: patrimony consi/$ only 9 _! escut*eons & _! pride4 ,9 ,france ! title ( m>quis is giv5 gratis to any "o :o w accept ( x2 & :osoev] arrives at ,p>is f ! mid/ ( ! mo/ remote prov9ces ) money 9 8 purse1 & a "n t]m9at+ 9 ac or ille1 may /rut ab\t1 & cry1 ,su* a man z ,i6 ,a man ( my rank & figure6 & may look d[n ^u a trad] ) sov]eign contempt2 :il/ ! trad] on ! o!r side1 by ?us (t5 he>+ 8 pr(ession treat$ s disda9fully1 is fool en\gh to blu% at x4 ,h[ev]1 ,i ne$ n say :i* is mo/ useful to a nation2 a "l1 p[d]$ 9 ! tip ( ! mode1 :o kn[s exactly at :at o'clock ! k+ rises & goes to b$1 & :o gives himself airs ( gr&eur & /ate1 at ! same "t t he is act+ ! slave 9 ! ante-*amb] ( a prime m9i/]2 or a m]*ant1 :o enri*es 8 c\ntry1 despat*es ord]s f 8 c\nt+- h\se to ,surat & ,gr& ,cairo1 & contributes to ! well-be+ ( ! _w4 ,,lett] ,,xi4--,,on ,,inoculation ,x is inadv]t5tly affirm$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian c\ntries ( ,europe t ! ,engli% are fools & madm54 ,fools1 because !y give _! *ildr5 ! small-pox to prev5t _! cat*+ x2 & madm51 because !y wantonly communicate a c]ta9 & dreadful di/emp] to _! *ildr51 m]ely to prev5t an unc]ta9 evil4 ,! ,engli%1 on ! o!r side1 call ! re/ ( ! ,europeans c[>dly & unnatural4 ,c[>dly1 because !y are afraid ( putt+ _! *ildr5 to a little pa92 unnatural1 because !y expose !m to die "o "t or o!r ( ! small- pox4 ,b t ! read] may be able to judge :e!r ! ,engli% or ^? :o diff] f !m 9 op9ion are 9 ! "r1 "h foll[s ! hi/ory ( ! fam$ inoculation1 :i* is m5tion$ ) s mu* dread 9 ,france4 ,! ,circassian wom5 h1 f "t immemorial1 communicat$ ! small- pox to _! *ildr5 :5 n above six mon?s old by mak+ an incision 9 ! arm1 & by putt+ into ?is incision a pu/ule1 tak5 c>efully f ! body ( ano!r *ild4 ,?is pu/ule produces ! same effect 9 ! arm x is laid 9 z yea/ 9 a piece ( d\gh2 x f]m5ts1 & diffuses ?r\gh ! :ole mass ( blood ! qualities ) :i* x is impregnat$4 ,! pu/ules ( ! *ild 9 :om ! artificial small-pox has be5 ?us inoculat$ are employ$ to communicate ! same di/emp] to o!rs4 ,!re is an almo/ p]petual circulation ( x 9 ,circassia2 & :5 unhappily ! small-pox has q left ! c\ntry1 ! inhabitants ( x are 9 z great tr\ble & p]plexity z o!r nations :5 _! h>ve/ has fall5 %ort4 ,! circum/ance t introduc$ a cu/om 9 ,circassia1 :i* appe>s s s+ul> to o!rs1 is nev]!less a cause common to all nations1 ,i mean mat]nal t5d]ness & int]e/4 ,! ,circassians are poor1 & _! daught]s are beautiful1 & inde$1 x is 9 !m !y *iefly trade4 ,!y furni% ) beauties ! s]aglios ( ! ,turki% ,sultan1 ( ! ,p]sian ,sophy1 & ( all ^? :o are weal?y en\gh to pur*ase & ma9ta9 su* preci\s m]*&ise4 ,^! maid5s are v hon\rably & virtu\sly in/ruct$ to fondle & c>ess m52 are taught dances ( a v polite & effem9ate k9d2 & h[ to height5 by ! mo/ voluptu\s artifices ! pleasures ( _! disda9ful ma/]s = :om !y are design$4 ,^! unhappy creatures repeat _! lesson to _! mo!rs1 9 ! same mann] z little girls among u repeat _! cate*ism )\t und]/&+ "o ^w !y say4 ,n[ x (t5 happ5$ t1 aft] a fa!r & "m _h tak5 ! utmo/ c>e ( ! education ( _! *ildr51 !y 7 fru/rat$ ( all _! hopes 9 an in/ant4 ,! small-pox gett+ into ! family1 "o daught] di$ ( x1 ano!r lo/ an eye1 a ?ird _h a great nose at h] recov]y1 & ! unhappy p>5ts 7 completely ru9$4 ,ev51 frequ5tly1 :5 ! small-pox became epidemical1 trade 0 susp5d$ = sev]al ye>s1 :i* ?9n$ v consid]ably ! s]aglios ( ,p]sia & ,turkey4 ,a trad+ nation is always wat*ful ov] its own int]e/s1 & grasps at e discov]y t may be ( advantage to its comm]ce4 ,! ,circassians obs]v$ t sc>ce "o p]son 9 a ?\s& 0 ev] attack$ by a small-pox ( a viol5t k9d4 ,t "s1 inde$1 _h ?is di/emp] v fav\rably ?ree or f\r times1 b nev] twice s z to prove fatal2 9 a ^w1 t no "o ev] _h x 9 a viol5t degree twice 9 8 life4 ,!y obs]v$ f>!r1 t :5 ! small-pox is ( ! mild] sort1 & ! pu/ules h only a t5d]1 delicate sk9 to break ?r\gh1 !y nev] leave ! lea/ sc> 9 ! face4 ,f ^! natural obs]vations !y conclud$1 t 9 case an infant ( six mon?s or a ye> old %\ld h a mild] sort ( small-pox1 he w\ld n die ( x1 w\ld n be m>k$1 nor be ev] afflict$ ) x aga94 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to pres]ve ! life & beauty ( _! *ildr51 ! only ?+ rema9+ 0 to give !m ! small-pox 9 _! infant ye>s4 ,?is !y did by inoculat+ 9 ! body ( a *ild a pu/ule tak5 f ! mo/ regul> & at ! same "t ! mo/ fav\rable sort ( small-pox t c\ld be procur$4 ,! exp]im5t c\ld n possibly fail4 ,! ,turks1 :o are p ( good s5se1 soon adopt$ ?is cu/om1 insomu* t at ?is "t !re is n a bassa 9 ,con/ant9ople b communicates ! small-pox to 8 *ildr5 ( bo? sexes imm$iately ^u _! be+ wean$4 ,"s pret5d t ! ,circassians borr[$ ?is cu/om anci5tly f ! ,arabians2 b we %all leave ! cle>+ up ( ?is po9t ( hi/ory to "s le>n$ ,b5$ict9e1 :o w n fail to compile a great _m folios on ?is subject1 ) ! sev]al pro(s or au?orities4 ,all ,i h to say ^u x is t1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ,k+ ,george ,i41 ! ,lady ,wortley ,montague1 a woman ( z f9e a g5ius1 & endu$ ) z great a /r5g? ( m9d1 z any ( h] sex 9 ! ,briti% ,k+doms1 be+ ) h] husb&1 :o 0 ambassador at ! ,porte1 made no scruple to communicate ! small-pox to an infant ( :i* %e 0 deliv]$ 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,! *apla9 repres5t$ to 8 lady1 b to no purpose1 t ?is 0 an un*ri/ian op]ation1 & !re=e t x c\ld succe$ ) none b infidels4 ,h[ev]1 x _h ! mo/ happy effect ^u ! son ( ! ,lady ,wortley ,montague1 :o1 at h] return to ,engl&1 communicat$ ! exp]im5t to ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales1 n[ ,que5 ( ,engl&4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t ?is pr9cess1 ab/ract$ f h] cr[n & titles1 0 born to enc\rage ! :ole circle ( arts1 & to d good to mank9d4 ,%e appe>s z an amiable philosoph] on ! ?rone1 hav+ nev] let slip "o opportunity ( improv+ ! great tal5ts %e receiv$ f ,nature1 nor ( ex]t+ h] b5efic5ce4 ,x is %e :o1 be+ in=m$ t a daught] ( ,milton 0 liv+1 b 9 mis]able circum/ances1 imm$iately s5t h] a consid]able pres5t4 ,x is %e :o protects ! le>n$ ,fa!r ,c\ray]4 ,x is %e :o condesc5d$ to attempt a reconciliation betwe5 ,dr4 ,cl>k & ,mr4 ,leibnitz4 ,! mom5t ?is pr9cess he>d ( inoculation1 %e caus$ an exp]im5t ( x to be made on f\r crim9als s5t5c$ to die1 & by t means pres]v$ _! lives d\bly2 = %e n only sav$ !m f ! gall[s1 b by means ( ?is artificial small-pox prev5t$ _! ev] hav+ t di/emp] 9 a natural way1 ) :i* !y w\ld v probably h be5 attack$ "o "t or o!r1 & might h di$ ( 9 a m advanc$ age4 ,! pr9cess be+ assur$ ( ! usefulness ( ?is op]ation1 caus$ h] own *ildr5 to be inoculat$4 ,a great "p ( ! k+dom foll[$ h] example1 & s9ce t "t t5 ?\s& *ildr51 at lea/1 ( p]sons ( condition owe 9 ?is mann] _! lives to h] ,maje/y & to ! ,lady ,wortley ,montague2 & z _m ( ! fair sex are oblig$ to !m = _! beauty4 ,^u a g5]al calculation1 ?reescore p]sons 9 e hundr$ h ! small-pox4 ,( ^! ?reescore1 tw5ty die ( x 9 ! mo/ fav\rable season ( life1 & z _m m we> ! disagreeable rema9s ( x 9 _! faces s long z !y live4 ,?us1 a fif? "p ( mank9d ei!r die or are disfigur$ by ?is di/emp]4 ,b x does n prove fatal to s mu* z "o among ^? :o are inoculat$ 9 ,turkey or 9 ,engl&1 unless ! pati5t be infirm1 or w\ld h di$ _h n ! exp]im5t be5 made ^u him4 ,besides1 no "o is disfigur$1 no "o has ! small- pox a second "t1 if ! inoculation 0 p]fect4 ,x is !re=e c]ta91 t _h ! lady ( "s ,fr5* ambassador br\ght ?is secret f ,con/ant9ople to ,p>is1 ! nation w\ld h be5 = ev] oblig$ to h]4 ,!n ! ,duke de ,villequi]1 fa!r to ! ,duke d',aumont1 :o enjoys ! mo/ vigor\s con/itution1 & is ! heal?ie/ man 9 ,france1 w\ld n h be5 cut (f 9 ! fl[] ( 8 age4 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,s\bise1 happy 9 ! f9e/ flu% ( heal?1 w\ld n h be5 snat*$ away at five-&-tw5ty1 nor ! ,dauph91 gr&fa!r to ,l\is ,,xv41 h be5 laid 9 8 grave 9 8 fiftie? ye>4 ,tw5ty ?\s& p]sons :om ! small-pox swept away at ,p>is 9 #agbc w\ld h be5 alive at ?is "t4 ,b are n ! ,fr5* fond ( life1 & is beauty s inconsid]able an advantage z to be disreg>d$ by ! ladies8 ,x mu/ be confess$ t we are an odd k9d ( p4 ,p]haps our nation w imitate t5 ye>s h5ce ?is practice ( ! ,engli%1 if ! cl]gy & ! physicians w b give !m leave to d x2 or possibly our c\ntrym5 may introduce inoculation ?ree mon?s h5ce 9 ,france out ( m]e :im1 9 case ! ,engli% %\ld discont9ue x ?r\gh fickl5ess4 ,i am in=m$ t ! ,*9ese h practis$ inoculation ^! hundr$ ye>s1 a circum/ance t argues v mu* 9 its fav\r1 s9ce !y are ?\ght to be ! wise/ & be/ gov]n$ p 9 ! _w4 ,! ,*9ese1 inde$1 d n communicate ?is di/emp] by inoculation1 b at ! nose1 9 ! same mann] z we take snuff4 ,?is is a m agreeable way1 b !n x produces ! l effects2 & proves at ! same "t t _h inoculation be5 practis$ 9 ,france x w\ld h sav$ ! lives ( ?\s&s4 ,,lett] ,,xii4--,,on ,,! ,,"l ,,bacon ,n long s9ce ! trite & frivol\s "q foll[+ 0 debat$ 9 a v polite & le>n$ company1 viz41 ,:o 0 ! greate/ man1 ,caes>1 ,alex&]1 ,tam]lane1 ,cromwell1 c48 ,somebody answ]$ t ,sir ,isaac ,newton excell$ !m all4 ,! g5tleman's ass]tion 0 v j2 = if true greatness consi/s 9 hav+ receiv$ f heav5 a mighty g5ius1 & 9 hav+ employ$ x to enlight5 our own m9d & t ( o!rs1 a man l ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 ^: equal is h>dly f\nd 9 a ?\s& ye>s1 is ! truly great man4 ,& ^? politicians & conqu]ors 7& all ages produce "s7 7 g5]ally s _m illu/ri\s wick$ m54 ,t man claims our respect :o comm&s ov] ! m9ds ( ! re/ ( ! _w by ! =ce ( tru?1 n ^? :o enslave _! fell[-creatures3 he :o is acqua9t$ ) ! univ]se1 n !y :o deface x4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 y desire me to give y an acc\nt ( ! fam\s p]sonages :om ,engl& has giv5 bir? to1 ,i %all beg9 ) ,"l ,bacon1 ,mr4 ,locke1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 c4 ,aft]w>ds ! w>riors & ,m9i/]s ( ,/ate %all come 9 _! ord]4 ,i mu/ beg9 ) ! celebrat$ ,visc\nt ,v]ulam1 kn[n 9 ,europe by ! "n ( ,bacon1 :i* 0 t ( 8 family4 ,8 fa!r _h be5 ,"l ,keep]1 & himself 0 a great _m ye>s ,"l ,*ancellor "u ,k+ ,james ,i4 ,nev]!less1 amid/ ! intrigues ( a ,c\rt1 & ! affairs ( 8 exalt$ employm5t1 :i* alone 7 en\gh to engross 8 :ole "t1 he yet f\nd s mu* leisure = /udy z to make himself a great philosoph]1 a good hi/orian1 & an elegant writ]2 & a /ill m surpris+ circum/ance is t he liv$ 9 an age 9 :i* ! art ( writ+ ju/ly & elegantly 0 little kn[n1 mu* less true philosophy4 ,"l ,bacon1 z is ! fate ( man1 0 m e/eem$ aft] 8 dea? ?an 9 8 lifetime4 ,8 enemies 7 9 ! ,briti% ,c\rt1 & 8 admir]s 7 =eign]s4 ,:5 ! ,m>quis d',effiat att5d$ 9 ,engl& ^u ! ,pr9cess ,h5rietta ,m>ia1 daught] to ,h5ry ,,iv41 :om ,k+ ,*>les ,i4 _h m>ri$1 t ,m9i/] w5t & visit$ ! ,"l ,bacon1 :o1 be+ at t "t sick 9 8 b$1 receiv$ him ) ! curta9s %ut close4 ,y resemble ! angels1 says ! ,m>quis to him2 we he> ^? be+s spok5 ( p]petually1 & we believe !m sup]ior to m51 b are nev] all[$ ! consolation to see !m4 ,y "k t ?is great man 0 accus$ ( a crime v unbecom+ a philosoph]3 ,i mean brib]y & extortion4 ,y "k t he 0 s5t5c$ by ! ,h\se ( ,lords to pay a f9e ( ab\t f\r hundr$ ?\s& ,fr5* livres1 to lose 8 pe]age & 8 dignity ( ,*ancellor2 b 9 ! pres5t age ! ,engli% rev]e 8 memory to su* a degree1 t !y w sc>ce all[ him to h be5 guilty4 ,9 case y %\ld ask :at are my ?\ghts on ?is head1 ,i %all answ] y 9 ! words :i* ,i he>d ! ,"l ,bol+broke use on ano!r occasion4 ,sev]al g5tlem5 7 speak+1 9 8 company1 ( ! av>ice ) :i* ! late ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh _h be5 *>g$1 "s examples :]e( be+ giv51 ! ,"l ,bol+broke 0 appeal$ to 7:o1 hav+ be5 9 ! opposite p>ty1 might p]haps1 )\t ! imputation ( indec5cy1 h be5 all[$ to cle> up t matt]73 ,he 0 s great a man1 repli$ 8 lord%ip1 t ,i h =got 8 vices4 ,i %all !re=e conf9e myself to ^? ?+s :i* s ju/ly ga9$ ,"l ,bacon ! e/eem ( all ,europe4 ,! mo/ s+ul> & ! be/ ( all 8 pieces is t :i*1 at ?is "t1 is ! mo/ useless & ! lea/ read1 ,i mean 8 ,novum ,sci5ti>um ,organum4 ,?is is ! scaffold ) :i* ! new philosophy 0 rais$2 & :5 ! edifice 0 built1 "p ( x at lea/1 ! scaffold 0 no long] ( s]vice4 ,! ,"l ,bacon 0 n yet acqua9t$ ) ,nature1 b !n he knew1 & po9t$ out1 ! sev]al pa?s t lead to x4 ,he _h despis$ 9 8 y\ng] ye>s ! ?+ call$ philosophy 9 ! ,univ]sities1 & did all t lay 9 8 p[] to prev5t ^? societies ( m5 in/itut$ to improve human reason f deprav+ x by _! quiddities1 _! horrors ( ! vacuum1 _! sub/antial =ms1 & all ^? imp]t95t t]ms :i* n only ignorance _h r5d]$ v5]able1 b :i* _h be5 made sacr$ by _! be+ ridicul\sly bl5d$ ) religion4 ,he is ! fa!r ( exp]im5tal philosophy4 ,x mu/1 inde$1 be confess$ t v surpris+ secrets _h be5 f\nd out be=e 8 "t--! sea-compass1 pr9t+1 engrav+ on copp] plates1 oil-pa9t+1 look+-glasses2 ! art ( re/or+1 9 "s measure1 old m5 to _! sight by spectacles2 gunp[d]1 c41 _h be5 discov]$4 ,a new _w _h be5 f\ght =1 f\nd1 & conqu]$4 ,w\ld n "o suppose t ^! sublime discov]ies _h be5 made by ! greate/ philosoph]s1 & 9 ages mu* m enlight5$ ?an ! pres5t8 ,b x 0 f> o!rwise2 all ^! great *anges happ5$ 9 ! mo/ /upid & b>b>\s times4 ,*ance only gave bir? to mo/ ( ^? inv5tions2 & x is v probable t :at is call$ *ance contribut$ v mu* to ! discov]y ( ,am]ica2 at lea/1 x has be5 always ?\ght t ,*ri/oph] ,columbus und]took 8 voyage m]ely on ! relation ( a capta9 ( a %ip :i* a /orm _h driv5 z f> we/w>d z ! ,c>ibbean ,isl&s4 ,be ?is z x w1 m5 _h sail$ r\nd ! _w1 & c\ld de/roy cities by an artificial ?und] m dreadful ?an ! real "o2 b1 !n1 !y 7 n acqua9t$ ) ! circulation ( ! blood1 ! weight ( ! air1 ! laws ( motion1 light1 ! numb] ( our planets1 c4 ,& a man :o ma9ta9$ a !sis on ,ari/otle's ,categories1 on ! univ]sals a p>te rei1 or su*-l nons5se1 0 look$ ^u z a prodigy4 ,! mo/ a/oni%+1 ! mo/ useful inv5tions1 are n ^? :i* reflect ! greate/ hon\r on ! human m9d4 ,x is to a me*anical in/9ct1 :i* is f\nd 9 _m m51 & n to true philosophy1 t mo/ arts owe _! orig94 ,! discov]y ( fire1 ! art ( mak+ bread1 ( melt+ & prep>+ metals1 ( build+ h\ses1 & ! inv5tion ( ! %uttle1 are inf9itely m b5eficial to mank9d ?an pr9t+ or ! sea-compass3 & yet ^! arts 7 inv5t$ by uncultivat$1 savage m54 ,:at a prodigi\s use ! ,greeks & ,romans made aft]w>ds ( me*anics6 ,nev]!less1 !y believ$ t !re 7 cry/al heav5s1 t ! />s 7 small lamps :i* sometimes fell into ! sea1 & "o ( _! greate/ philosoph]s1 aft] long rese>*es1 f\nd t ! />s 7 s _m fl9ts :i* _h be5 deta*$ f ! e>?4 ,9 a ^w1 no "o be=e ! ,"l ,bacon 0 acqua9t$ ) exp]im5tal philosophy1 nor ) ! sev]al physical exp]im5ts :i* h be5 made s9ce 8 "t4 ,sc>ce "o ( !m b is h9t$ at 9 8 "w1 & he himself _h made sev]al4 ,he made a k9d ( pneumatic eng9e1 by :i* he guess$ ! ela/icity ( ! air4 ,he approa*$1 on all sides z x 71 to ! discov]y ( its weight1 & _h v ne> atta9$ x1 b "s "t aft] ,torricelli seiz$ ^u ?is tru?4 ,9 a little "t exp]im5tal philosophy began to be cultivat$ on a sudd5 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,europe4 ,x 0 a hidd5 treasure :i* ! ,"l ,bacon _h "s notion (1 & :i* all ! philosoph]s1 enc\rag$ by 8 promises1 endeav\r$ to dig up4 ,b t :i* surpris$ me mo/ 0 to read 9 8 "w1 9 express t]ms1 ! new attraction1 ! inv5tion ( :i* is ascrib$ to ,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,we mu/ se>*1 says ,"l ,bacon1 :e!r !re may n be a k9d ( magnetic p[] :i* op]ates betwe5 ! e>? & heavy bodies1 betwe5 ! moon & ! ocean1 betwe5 ! planets1 c4 ,9 ano!r place he says ei!r heavy bodies mu/ be c>ri$ t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 or mu/ be reciprocally attract$ by x2 & 9 ! latt] case x is evid5t t ! ne>] bodies1 9 _! fall+1 draw t[>ds ! e>?1 ! /rong] !y w attract "o ano!r4 ,we mu/1 says he1 make an exp]im5t to see :e!r ! same clock w g fa/] on ! top ( a m\nta9 or at ! bottom ( a m9e2 :e!r ! /r5g? ( ! weights decreases on ! m\nta9 & increases 9 ! m9e4 ,x is probable t ! e>? has a true attractive p[]4 ,?is =]unn] 9 philosophy 0 also an elegant writ]1 an hi/orian1 & a wit4 ,8 moral essays are greatly e/eem$1 b !y 7 drawn up 9 ! view ( in/ruct+ r ?an ( pleas+2 &1 z !y are n a satire ^u mank9d1 l ,ro*ef\cauld's ,maxims1 nor writt5 ^u a sceptical plan1 l ,montaigne's ,essays1 !y are n s mu* read z ^? two +5i\s au?ors4 ,8 ,hi/ory ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 0 look$ ^u z a ma/]piece1 b h[ is x possible t "s p]sons c presume to comp>e s little a "w ) ! hi/ory ( our illu/ri\s ,?uanus8 ,speak+ ab\t ! fam\s impo/or ,p]k91 son to a conv]t$ ,jew1 :o assum$ boldly ! "n & title ( ,ri*>d ,,iv41 ,k+ ( ,engl&1 at ! in/igation ( ! ,du*ess ( ,burgundy1 & :o disput$ ! cr[n ) ,h5ry ,,vii41 ! ,"l ,bacon writes z foll[s3-- ,at ?is "t ! ,k+ began aga9 to be haunt$ ) sprites1 by ! magic & curi\s arts ( ! ,lady ,m>g>et1 :o rais$ up ! gho/ ( ,ri*>d1 ,duke ( ,york1 second son to ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iv41 to walk & vex ! ,k+4 ,aft] su* "t z %e 7,m>g>et ( ,burgundy7 ?\ght he 7,p]k9 ,w>beck7 0 p]fect 9 8 lesson1 %e began to ca/ ) h]self f :at coa/ ?is blaz+ /> %\ld fir/ appe>1 & at :at "t x mu/ be ^u ! horizon ( ,irel&2 = !re _h ! l meteor /rong influ5ce be=e4 ,me?9ks our sagaci\s ,?uanus does n give 9 to su* fu/ian1 :i* =m]ly 0 look$ ^u z sublime1 b 9 ?is age is ju/ly call$ nons5se4 ,,lett] ,,xiii4--,,on ,,mr4 ,,locke ,p]haps no man ev] _h a m judici\s or m me?odical g5ius1 or 0 a m acute logician ?an ,mr4 ,locke1 & yet he 0 n deeply skill$ 9 ! ma!matics4 ,?is great man c\ld nev] subject himself to ! t$i\s fatigue ( calculations1 nor to ! dry pursuit ( ma!matical tru?s1 :i* d n at fir/ pres5t any s5sible objects to ! m9d2 & no "o has giv5 bett] pro(s ?an he1 t x is possible = a man to h a geometrical head )\t ! assi/ance ( geometry4 ,be=e 8 "t1 sev]al great philosoph]s _h decl>$1 9 ! mo/ positive t]ms1 :at ! s\l ( man is2 b z ^! absolutely knew no?+ ab\t x1 !y might v well be all[$ to diff] entirely 9 op9ion f "o ano!r4 ,9 ,greece1 ! infant seat ( arts & ( errors1 & :]e ! gr&eur z well z folly ( ! human m9d w5t su* prodigi\s l5g?s1 ! p us$ to reason ab\t ! s\l 9 ! v same mann] z we d4 ,! div9e ,anaxagoras1 9 ^: hon\r an alt> 0 erect$ = 8 hav+ taught mank9d t ! sun 0 great] ?an ,peloponnesus1 t sn[ 0 black1 & t ! heav5s 7 ( /one1 affirm$ t ! s\l 0 an a]ial _s1 b at ! same "t immortal4 ,diog5es 7n he :o 0 a cynical philosoph] aft] hav+ co9$ base money7 decl>$ t ! s\l 0 a portion ( ! sub/ance ( ,god3 an idea :i* we mu/ confess 0 v sublime4 ,epicurus ma9ta9$ t x 0 compos$ ( p>ts 9 ! same mann] z ! body4 ,ari/otle1 :o has be5 expla9$ a ?\s& ways1 because he is un9telligible1 0 ( op9ion1 accord+ to "s ( 8 disciples1 t ! und]/&+ 9 all m5 is "o & ! same sub/ance4 ,! div9e ,plato1 ma/] ( ! div9e ,ari/otle1--& ! div9e ,socrates1 ma/] ( ! div9e ,plato--us$ to say t ! s\l 0 corporeal & et]nal4 ,no d\bt b ! demon ( ,socrates _h in/ruct$ him 9 ! nature ( x4 ,"s p1 inde$1 pret5d t a man :o boa/$ 8 be+ att5d$ by a famili> g5ius mu/ infallibly be ei!r a knave or a madman1 b ?is k9d ( p are seldom satisfi$ ) any?+ b reason4 ,) reg>d to ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 sev]al 9 ! primitive ages believ$ t ! s\l 0 human1 & ! angels & ,god corporeal4 ,m5 naturally improve ^u e sy/em4 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 z ,fa!r ,mabillon confesses1 taught t ! s\l aft] dea? does n see ,god 9 ! cele/ial regions1 b conv]ses ) ,*ri/'s human nature only4 ,h[ev]1 he 0 n believ$ ?is "t on 8 b>e ^w2 ! adv5ture ( ! crusade hav+ a little sunk ! cr$it ( 8 oracles4 ,aft]w>ds a ?\s& s*oolm5 arose1 su* z ! ,irrefragable ,doctor1 ! ,subtile ,doctor1 ! ,angelic ,doctor1 ! ,s]aphic ,doctor1 & ! ,*]ubic ,doctor1 :o 7 all sure t !y _h a v cle> & di/9ct idea ( ! s\l1 & yet wrote 9 su* a mann]1 t "o w\ld conclude !y 7 resolv$ no "o %\ld und]/& a ^w 9 _! writ+s4 ,our ,desc>tes1 born to discov] ! errors ( antiquity1 & at ! same "t to sub/itute 8 own1 & hurri$ away by t sy/ematic _s :i* ?r[s a cl\d ov] ! m9ds ( ! greate/ m51 ?\ght he _h demon/rat$ t ! s\l is ! same ?+ z ?\ght1 9 ! same mann] z matt]1 9 8 op9ion1 is ! same z ext5sion4 ,he ass]t$1 t man ?9ks et]nally1 & t ! s\l1 at its com+ into ! body1 is in=m$ ) ! :ole s]ies ( metaphysical notions3 kn[+ ,god1 inf9ite space1 possess+ all ab/ract ideas--9 a ^w1 completely endu$ ) ! mo/ sublime lights1 :i* x unhappily =gets at its issu+ f ! womb4 ,fa!r ,malebran*e1 9 8 sublime illusions1 n only admitt$ innate ideas1 b did n d\bt ( our liv+ :olly 9 ,god1 & t ,god is1 z x 71 our s\l4 ,su* a multitude ( reason]s hav+ writt5 ! romance ( ! s\l1 a sage at la/ arose1 :o gave1 ) an air ( ! greate/ mode/y1 ! hi/ory ( x4 ,mr4 ,locke has display$ ! human s\l 9 ! same mann] z an excell5t anatomi/ expla9s ! spr+s ( ! human body4 ,he ev]y:]e takes ! light ( physics = 8 guide4 ,he sometimes presumes to speak affirmatively1 b !n he presumes also to d\bt4 ,in/ead ( conclud+ at once :at we "k n1 he exam9es gradually :at we w\ld "k4 ,he takes an infant at ! in/ant ( 8 bir?2 he traces1 /ep by /ep1 ! progress ( 8 und]/&+2 exam9es :at ?+s he has 9 common ) bea/s1 & :at he possesses above !m4 ,above all1 he consults himself3 ! be+ consci\s t he himself ?9ks4 ,i %all leave1 says he1 to ^? :o "k m ( ?is matt] ?an myself1 ! exam9+ :e!r ! s\l exi/s be=e or aft] ! organisation ( our bodies4 ,b ,i confess t x is my lot to be animat$ ) "o ( ^? heavy s\ls :i* d n ?9k always2 & ,i am ev5 s unhappy z n to conceive t x is m necess>y ! s\l %\ld ?9k p]petually ?an t bodies %\ld be = ev] 9 motion4 ,) reg>d to myself1 ,i %all boa/ t ,i h ! hon\r to be z /upid 9 ?is p>ticul> z ,mr4 ,locke4 ,no "o %all ev] make me believe t ,i ?9k always3 & ,i am z little incl9$ z he c\ld be to fancy t "s weeks aft] ,i 0 conceiv$ ,i 0 a v le>n$ s\l2 kn[+ at t "t a ?\s& ?+s :i* ,i =got at my bir?2 & possess+ :5 9 ! womb 7?\gh to no mann] ( purpose7 k :i* ,i lo/ ! in/ant ,i _h occasion = x2 & :i* ,i h nev] s9ce be5 able to recov] p]fectly4 ,mr4 ,locke1 aft] hav+ de/roy$ innate ideas2 aft] hav+ fully r5\nc$ ! vanity ( believ+ t we ?9k always2 aft] hav+ laid d[n1 f ! mo/ solid pr9ciples1 t ideas ent] ! m9d ?r\gh ! s5ses2 hav+ exam9$ our simple & complex ideas2 hav+ trac$ ! human m9d ?r\gh its sev]al op]ations2 hav+ %[n t all ! languages 9 ! _w are imp]fect1 & ! great abuse t is made ( words e mom5t1 he at la/ comes to consid] ! ext5t or r ! n>r[ limits ( human k4 ,x 0 9 ?is *apt] he presum$ to advance1 b v mode/ly1 ! foll[+ words3 ,we %all1 p]haps1 nev] be capable ( kn[+ :e!r a be+1 purely mat]ial1 ?9ks or n4 ,?is sage ass]tion 01 by m div9es ?an "o1 look$ ^u z a sc&al\s decl>ation t ! s\l is mat]ial & mortal4 ,"s ,engli%m51 dev\t aft] _! way1 s\nd$ an al>m4 ,! sup]/iti\s are ! same 9 society z c[>ds 9 an army2 !y !mselves are seiz$ ) a panic fe>1 & communicate x to o!rs4 ,x 0 l\dly exclaim$ t ,mr4 ,locke int5d$ to de/roy religion2 nev]!less1 religion _h no?+ to d 9 ! affair1 x be+ a "q purely philosophical1 altoge!r indep5d5t ( fai? & revelation4 ,mr4 ,locke's oppon5ts ne$$ b to exam9e1 calmly & imp>tially1 :e!r ! decl>+ t matt] c ?9k1 implies a contradiction2 & :e!r ,god is able to communicate ?\ght to matt]4 ,b div9es are too apt to beg9 _! decl>ations ) say+ t ,god is (f5d$ :5 p diff] f !m 9 op9ion2 9 :i* !y too mu* resemble ! bad poets1 :o us$ to decl>e publicly t ,boileau spake irrev]5tly ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 because he ridicul$ _! /upid productions4 ,bi%op ,/ill+fleet got ! reputation ( a calm & unprejudic$ div9e because he did n expressly make use ( injuri\s t]ms 9 8 dispute ) ,mr4 ,locke4 ,t div9e ent]$ ! li/s aga9/ him1 b 0 defeat$2 = he argu$ z a s*oolman1 & ,locke z a philosoph]1 :o 0 p]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! /rong z well z ! weak side ( ! human m9d1 & :o f\ght ) weapons ^: temp] he knew4 ,if ,i might presume to give my op9ion on s delicate a subject aft] ,mr4 ,locke1 ,i w\ld say1 t m5 h long disput$ on ! nature & ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,) reg>d to its immortality1 x is impossible to give a demon/ration ( x1 s9ce its nature is /ill ! subject ( controv]sy2 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ be ?or\ghly und]/ood be=e a p]son c be able to det]m9e :e!r x be immortal or n4 ,human reason is s little able1 m]ely by its own /r5g?1 to demon/rate ! immortality ( ! s\l1 t x 0 absolutely necess>y religion %\ld reveal x to u4 ,x is ( advantage to society 9 g5]al1 t mank9d %\ld believe ! s\l to be immortal2 fai? comm&s u to d ?is2 no?+ m is requir$1 & ! matt] is cle>$ up at once4 ,b x is o!rwise ) respect to its nature2 x is ( little importance to religion1 :i* only requires ! s\l to be virtu\s1 :atev] sub/ance x may be made (4 ,x is a clock :i* is giv5 u to regulate1 b ! arti/ has n told u ( :at mat]ials ! spr+ ( ?is *ock is compos$4 ,i am a body1 &1 ,i ?9k1 t's all ,i "k ( ! matt]4 ,%all ,i ascribe to an unkn[n cause1 :at ,i c s easily impute to ! only second cause ,i am acqua9t$ )8 ,"h all ! s*ool philosoph]s int]rupt me ) _! argum5ts1 & decl>e t !re is only ext5sion & solidity 9 bodies1 & t !re !y c h no?+ b motion & figure4 ,n[ motion1 figure1 ext5sion & solidity _c =m a ?\ght1 & consequ5tly ! s\l _c be matt]4 ,all ?is s (t5 repeat$ mighty s]ies ( reason+1 am\nts to no m ?an ?is3 ,i am absolutely ignorant :at matt] is2 ,i guess1 b imp]fectly1 "s prop]ties ( x2 n[ ,i absolutely _c tell :e!r ^! prop]ties may be jo9$ to ?\ght4 ,z ,i !re=e "k no?+1 ,i ma9ta9 positively t matt] _c ?9k4 ,9 ?is mann] d ! s*ools reason4 ,mr4 ,locke address$ ^! g5tlem5 9 ! c&id1 s9c]e mann] foll[+3 ,at lea/ confess y\rselves to be z ignorant z ,i4 ,nei!r y\r imag9ations nor m9e are able to compreh5d 9 :at mann] a body is susceptible ( ideas2 & d y conceive bett] 9 :at mann] a sub/ance1 ( :at k9d soev]1 is susceptible ( !m8 ,z y _c compreh5d ei!r matt] or _s1 :y w y presume to ass]t any?+8 ,! sup]/iti\s man comes aft]w>ds & decl>es1 t all ^? mu/ be burnt = ! good ( _! s\ls1 :o s mu* z suspect t x is possible = ! body to ?9k )\t any =eign assi/ance4 ,b :at w\ld ^! p say %\ld !y !mselves be prov$ irreligi\s8 ,& inde$1 :at man c presume to ass]t1 )\t be+ guilty at ! same "t ( ! greate/ impiety1 t x is impossible = ! ,creator to =m matt] ) ?\ght & s5sation8 ,consid] only1 ,i beg y1 :at a dilemma y br+ y\rselves into1 y :o conf9e 9 ?is mann] ! p[] ( ! ,creator4 ,bea/s h ! same organs1 ! same s5sations1 ! same p]ceptions z we2 !y h memory1 & comb9e c]ta9 ideas4 ,9 case x 0 n 9 ! p[] ( ,god to animate matt]1 & in=m x ) s5sation1 ! consequ5ce w\ld be1 ei!r t bea/s are m]e ma*9es1 or t !y h a spiritual s\l4 ,me?9ks x is cle>ly evid5t t bea/s _c be m]e ma*9es1 :i* ,i prove ?us4 ,god has giv5 to !m ! v same organs ( s5sation z to u3 if !re=e !y h no s5sation1 ,god has creat$ a useless ?+2 n[ accord+ to y\r own confession ,god does no?+ 9 va92 ,he !re=e did n create s _m organs ( s5sation1 m]ely = !m to be un9=m$ ) ?is faculty2 consequ5tly bea/s are n m]e ma*9es4 ,bea/s1 accord+ to y\r ass]tion1 _c be animat$ ) a spiritual s\l2 y w1 !re=e1 9 spite ( y\rself1 be r$uc$ to ?is only ass]tion1 viz41 t ,god has endu$ ! organs ( bea/s1 :o are m]e matt]1 ) ! faculties ( s5sation & p]ception1 :i* y call in/9ct 9 !m4 ,b :y may n ,god1 if ,he pleases1 communicate to our m delicate organs1 t faculty ( feel+1 p]ceiv+1 & ?9k+1 :i* we call human reason8 ,to :atev] side y turn1 y are =c$ to ackn[l$ge y\r own ignorance1 & ! b\ndless p[] ( ! ,creator4 ,exclaim !re=e no m aga9/ ! sage1 ! mode/ philosophy ( ,mr4 ,locke1 :i* s f> f int]f]+ ) religion1 w\ld be ( use to demon/rate ! tru? ( x1 9 case religion want$ any su* support4 ,= :at philosophy c be ( a m religi\s nature ?an t1 :i* affirm+ no?+ b :at x conceives cle>ly1 & consci\s ( its own weakness1 decl>es t we mu/ always h rec\rse to ,god 9 our exam9+ ( ! fir/ pr9ciples8 ,besides1 we mu/ n be appreh5sive t any philosophical op9ion w ev] prejudice ! religion ( a c\ntry4 ,?\gh our demon/rations cla% directly ) our my/]ies1 t is no?+ to ! purpose1 = ! latt] are n less rev]$ ^u t acc\nt by our ,*ri/ian philosoph]s1 :o "k v well t ! objects ( reason & ^? ( fai? are ( a v diff]5t nature4 ,philosoph]s w nev] =m a religi\s sect1 ! reason ( :i* is1 _! writ+s are n calculat$ = ! vulg>1 & !y !mselves are free f en?usiasm4 ,if we divide mank9d into tw5ty p>ts1 x w be f\nd t n9ete5 ( ^! consi/ ( p]sons employ$ 9 manual lab\r1 :o w nev] "k t su* a man z ,mr4 ,locke exi/$4 ,9 ! rema9+ tw5tie? "p h[ few are read]s8 ,& among su* z are s1 tw5ty amuse !mselves ) romances to "o :o /udies philosophy4 ,! ?9k+ "p ( mank9d is conf9$ to a v small numb]1 & ^! w nev] di/urb ! peace & tranquillity ( ! _w4 ,nei!r ,montaigne1 ,locke1 ,bayle1 ,sp9oza1 ,hobbes1 ! ,"l ,%aftesbury1 ,coll9s1 nor ,tol& light$ up ! firebr& ( discord 9 _! c\ntries2 ?is has g5]ally be5 ! "w ( div9es1 :o be+ at fir/ puff$ up ) ! ambition ( becom+ *iefs ( a sect1 soon grew v desir\s ( be+ at ! head ( a p>ty4 ,b :at d ,i say8 ,all ! works ( ! mod]n philosoph]s put toge!r w nev] make s mu* noise z ev5 ! dispute :i* arose among ! ,franciscans1 m]ely ab\t ! fa%ion ( _! sleeves & ( _! c[ls4 ,,lett] ,,xiv4--,,on ,,desc>tes ,,& ,,sir ,,isaac ,,newton ,a ,fr5*man :o arrives 9 ,london1 w f9d philosophy1 l ev]y?+ else1 v mu* *ang$ !re4 ,he _h left ! _w a pl5um1 & he n[ f9ds x a vacuum4 ,at ,p>is ! univ]se is se5 compos$ ( vortices ( subtile matt]2 b no?+ l x is se5 9 ,london4 ,9 ,france1 x is ! pressure ( ! moon t causes ! tides2 b 9 ,engl& x is ! sea t gravitates t[>ds ! moon2 s t :5 y ?9k t ! moon %\ld make x flood ) u1 ^? g5tlem5 fancy x %\ld be ebb1 :i* v unluckily _c be prov$4 ,= to be able to d ?is1 x is necess>y ! moon & ! tides %\ld h be5 inquir$ into at ! v in/ant ( ! creation4 ,y w obs]ve f>!r1 t ! sun1 :i* 9 ,france is said to h no?+ to d 9 ! affair1 comes 9 "h = v ne> a qu>t] ( its assi/ance4 ,accord+ to y\r ,c>tesians1 ev]y?+ is p]=m$ by an impulsion1 ( :i* we h v little notion2 & accord+ to ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 x is by an attraction1 ! cause ( :i* is z mu* unkn[n to u4 ,at ,p>is y imag9e t ! e>? is %ap$ l a melon1 or ( an oblique figure2 at ,london x has an oblate "o4 ,a ,c>tesian decl>es t light exi/s 9 ! air2 b a ,newtonian ass]ts t x comes f ! sun 9 six m9utes & a half4 ,! sev]al op]ations ( y\r *emi/ry are p]=m$ by acids1 alkalies & subtile matt]2 b attraction prevails ev5 9 *emi/ry among ! ,engli%4 ,! v ess5ce ( ?+s is totally *ang$4 ,y nei!r are agre$ ^u ! def9ition ( ! s\l1 nor on t ( matt]4 ,desc>tes1 z ,i obs]v$ 9 my la/1 ma9ta9s t ! s\l is ! same ?+ ) ?\ght1 & ,mr4 ,locke has giv5 a pretty good pro( ( ! contr>y4 ,desc>tes ass]ts f>!r1 t ext5sion alone con/itutes matt]1 b ,sir ,isaac adds solidity to x4 ,h[ furi\sly contradictory are ^! op9ions6 ,non no/rum int] vos tantas compon]e lites4 ,,virgil1 ,eclog4 ,,iii4 ',tis n = u to end su* great disputes4 ,?is fam\s ,newton1 ?is de/roy] ( ! ,c>tesian sy/em1 di$ 9 ,m>*1 anno #agbg4 ,8 c\ntrym5 hon\r$ him 9 8 lifetime1 & int]r$ him z ?\gh he _h be5 a k+ :o _h made 8 p happy4 ,! ,engli% read ) ! highe/ satisfaction1 & translat$ into _! tongue1 ! ,elogium ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 :i* ,m4 de ,font5elle spoke 9 ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 ,m4 de ,font5elle presides z judge ov] philosoph]s2 & ! ,engli% expect$ 8 decision1 z a solemn decl>ation ( ! sup]iority ( ! ,engli% philosophy ov] t ( ! ,fr5*4 ,b :5 x 0 f\nd t ?is g5tleman _h comp>$ ,desc>tes to ,sir ,isaac1 ! :ole ,royal ,society 9 ,london rose up 9 arms4 ,s f> f acquiesc+ ) ,m4 ,font5elle's judgm5t1 !y criticis$ 8 disc\rse4 ,& ev5 sev]al 7:o1 h[ev]1 7 n ! able/ philosoph]s 9 t body7 7 (f5d$ at ! comp>ison2 & = no o!r reason b because ,desc>tes 0 a ,fr5*man4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t ^! two great m5 diff]$ v mu* 9 conduct1 9 =tune1 & 9 philosophy4 ,nature _h indulg$ ,desc>tes ) a %9+ & /rong imag9ation1 :5ce he became a v s+ul> p]son bo? 9 private life & 9 8 mann] ( reason+4 ,?is imag9ation c\ld n conceal itself ev5 9 8 philosophical works1 :i* are ev]y:]e adorn$ ) v %9+1 +5i\s metaphors & figures4 ,nature _h almo/ made him a poet2 & inde$ he wrote a piece ( poetry = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ,*ri/9a1 ,que5 ( ,sw$51 :i* h[ev] 0 suppress$ 9 hon\r to 8 memory4 ,he embrac$ a milit>y life = "s "t1 & aft]w>ds becom+ a complete philosoph]1 he did n ?9k ! passion ( love d]ogatory to 8 "*4 ,he _h by 8 mi/ress a daught] call$ ,fronc9e1 :o di$ "y1 & 0 v mu* regrett$ by him4 ,?us he exp]i5c$ e passion incid5t to mank9d4 ,he 0 a long "t ( op9ion t x w\ld be necess>y = him to fly f ! society ( 8 fell[ creatures1 & especially f 8 native c\ntry1 9 ord] to enjoy ! happ9ess ( cultivat+ 8 philosophical /udies 9 full lib]ty4 ,desc>tes 0 v "r1 = 8 contempor>ies 7 n kn[+ en\gh to improve & enlight5 8 und]/&+1 & 7 capable ( little else ?an ( giv+ him uneas9ess4 ,he left ,france purely to g 9 se>* ( tru?1 :i* 0 !n p]secut$ by ! wret*$ philosophy ( ! s*ools4 ,h[ev]1 he f\nd t reason 0 z mu* disguis$ & deprav$ 9 ! univ]sities ( ,holl&1 into :i* he )drew1 z 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,= at ! "t t ! ,fr5* condemn$ ! only propositions ( 8 philosophy :i* 7 true1 he 0 p]secut$ by ! pret5d$ philosoph]s ( ,holl&1 :o und]/ood him no bett]2 & :o1 hav+ a ne>] view ( 8 glory1 hat$ 8 p]son ! m1 s t he 0 oblig$ to leave ,utre*t4 ,desc>tes 0 injuri\sly accus$ ( be+ an a!i/1 ! la/ refuge ( religi\s sc&al3 & he :o _h employ$ all ! sagacity & p5etration ( 8 g5ius1 9 se>*+ = new pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,god1 0 suspect$ to believe !re 0 no su* ,be+4 ,su* a p]secution f all sides1 mu/ necess>ily suppose a mo/ exalt$ m]it z well z a v di/+ui%$ reputation1 & inde$ he possess$ bo?4 ,reason at t "t d>t$ a ray ^u ! _w ?r\gh ! gloom ( ! s*ools1 & ! prejudices ( popul> sup]/ition4 ,at la/ 8 "n spread s univ]sally1 t ! ,fr5* 7 desir\s ( br++ him back into 8 native c\ntry by rew>ds1 & accord+ly (f]$ him an annual p5sion ( a ?\s& cr[ns4 ,^u ^! hopes ,desc>tes return$ to ,france2 paid ! fees ( 8 pat5t1 :i* 0 sold at t "t1 b no p5sion 0 settl$ ^u him4 ,?us disappo9t$1 he return$ to 8 solitude 9 ,nor? ,holl&1 :]e he aga9 pursu$ ! /udy ( philosophy1 :il/ ! great ,galileo1 at f\rscore ye>s ( age1 0 groan+ 9 ! prisons ( ! ,inquisition1 only = hav+ demon/rat$ ! e>?'s motion4 ,at la/ ,desc>tes 0 snat*$ f ! _w 9 ! fl[] ( 8 age at ,/ockholm4 ,8 dea? 0 ow+ to a bad regim51 & he expir$ 9 ! mid/ ( "s lit]ati :o 7 8 enemies1 & "u ! h&s ( a physician to :om he 0 odi\s4 ,! progress ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton's life 0 q diff]5t4 ,he liv$ happy1 & v mu* hon\r$ 9 8 native c\ntry1 to ! age ( f\rscore & five ye>s4 ,x 0 8 peculi> felicity1 n only to be born 9 a c\ntry ( lib]ty1 b 9 an age :5 all s*ola/ic imp]t95ces 7 bani%$ f ! _w4 ,reason alone 0 cultivat$1 & mank9d c\ld only be 8 pupil1 n 8 enemy4 ,"o v s+ul> diff]5ce 9 ! lives ( ^! two great m5 is1 t ,sir ,isaac1 dur+ ! long c\rse ( ye>s he enjoy$1 0 nev] s5sible to any passion1 0 n subject to ! common frailties ( mank9d1 nor ev] _h any comm]ce ) wom5--a circum/ance :i* 0 assur$ me by ! physician & surgeon :o att5d$ him 9 8 la/ mom5ts4 ,we may admire ,sir ,isaac ,newton on ?is occasion1 b !n we mu/ n c5sure ,desc>tes4 ,! op9ion t g5]ally prevails 9 ,engl& ) reg>d to ^! new philosoph]s is1 t ! latt] 0 a dream]1 & ! =m] a sage4 ,v few p 9 ,engl& read ,desc>tes1 ^: works inde$ are n[ useless4 ,on ! o!r side1 b a small numb] p]use ^? ( ,sir ,isaac1 because to d ?is ! /ud5t mu/ be deeply skill$ 9 ! ma!matics1 o!rwise ^? works w be un9telligible to him4 ,b not)/&+ ?is1 ^! great m5 are ! subject ( ev]yone's disc\rse4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton is all[$ e advantage1 :il/ ,desc>tes is n indulg$ a s+le "o4 ,accord+ to "s1 x is to ! =m] t we owe ! discov]y ( a vacuum1 t ! air is a heavy body1 & ! inv5tion ( telescopes4 ,9 a ^w1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton is "h z ! ,h]cules ( fabul\s /ory1 to :om ! ignorant ascrib$ all ! feats ( anci5t h]oes4 ,9 a critique t 0 made 9 ,london on ,mr4 de ,font5elle's disc\rse1 ! writ] presum$ to ass]t t ,desc>tes 0 n a great geometrician4 ,^? :o make su* a decl>ation may ju/ly be reproa*$ ) fly+ 9 _! ma/]'s face4 ,desc>tes ext5d$ ! limits ( geometry z f> beyond ! place :]e he f\nd !m1 z ,sir ,isaac did aft] him4 ,! =m] fir/ taught ! me?od ( express+ curves by equations4 ,?is geometry :i*1 ?anks to him = x1 is n[ gr[n common1 0 s ab/ruse 9 8 "t1 t n s mu* z "o pr(essor w\ld und]take to expla9 x2 & ,s*ott5 9 ,holl&1 & ,=mat 9 ,france1 7 ! only m5 :o und]/ood x4 ,he appli$ ?is geometrical & inv5tive g5ius to dioptrics1 :i*1 :5 treat$ ( by him1 became a new art4 ,& if he 0 mi/ak5 9 "s ?+s1 ! reason ( t is1 a man :o discov]s a new tract ( l& _c at once "k all ! prop]ties ( ! soil4 ,^? :o come aft] him1 & make ^! l&s fruitful1 are at lea/ oblig$ to him = ! discov]y4 ,i w n d5y b t !re are innum]able errors 9 ! re/ ( ,desc>tes' works4 ,geometry 0 a guide he himself _h 9 "s measure fa%ion$1 :i* w\ld h conduct$ him safely ?r\gh ! sev]al pa?s ( natural philosophy4 ,nev]!less1 he at la/ ab&on$ ?is guide1 & gave entirely into ! hum\r ( =m+ hypo!ses2 & !n philosophy 0 no m ?an an +5i\s romance1 fit only to amuse ! ignorant4 ,he 0 mi/ak5 9 ! nature ( ! s\l1 9 ! pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,god1 9 matt]1 9 ! laws ( motion1 & 9 ! nature ( light4 ,he admitt$ innate ideas1 he inv5t$ new elem5ts1 he creat$ a _w2 he made man accord+ to 8 own fancy2 & x is ju/ly said1 t ! man ( ,desc>tes is1 9 fact1 t ( ,desc>tes only1 v diff]5t f ! real "o4 ,he pu%$ 8 metaphysical errors s f>1 z to decl>e t two & two make f\r = no o!r reason b because ,god w\ld h x s4 ,h[ev]1 x w n be mak+ him too great a complim5t if we affirm t he 0 valuable ev5 9 8 mi/akes4 ,he deceiv$ himself2 b !n x 0 at lea/ 9 a me?odical way4 ,he de/roy$ all ! absurd *im]as ) :i* y\? _h be5 infatuat$ = two ?\s& ye>s4 ,he taught 8 contempor>ies h[ to reason1 & enabl$ !m to employ 8 own weapons aga9/ himself4 ,if ,desc>tes did n pay 9 good money1 he h[ev] did great s]vice 9 cry+ d[n t ( a base alloy4 ,i inde$ believe t v few w presume to comp>e 8 philosophy 9 any respect ) t ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,! =m] is an essay1 ! latt] a ma/]piece4 ,b !n ! man :o fir/ br\ght u to ! pa? ( tru?1 0 p]haps z great a g5ius z he :o aft]w>ds conduct$ u ?r\gh x4 ,desc>tes gave sight to ! bl9d4 ,^! saw ! errors ( antiquity & ( ! sci5ces4 ,! pa? he /ruck out is s9ce become b\ndless4 ,rohault's little "w 01 dur+ "s ye>s1 a complete sy/em ( physics2 b n[ all ! ,transactions ( ! sev]al academies 9 ,europe put toge!r d n =m s mu* z ! beg9n+ ( a sy/em4 ,9 fa?om+ ?is abyss no bottom has be5 f\nd4 ,we are n[ to exam9e :at discov]ies ,sir ,isaac ,newton has made 9 x4 ,,lett] ,,xv4--,,on ,,attraction ,! discov]ies :i* ga9$ ,sir ,isaac ,newton s univ]sal a reputation1 relate to ! sy/em ( ! _w1 to light1 to geometrical inf9ities2 &1 la/ly1 to *ronology1 ) :i* he us$ to amuse himself aft] ! fatigue ( 8 sev]] /udies4 ,i w n[ acqua9t y 7)\t prolixity if possible7 ) ! few ?+s ,i h be5 able to compreh5d ( all ^! sublime ideas4 ,) reg>d to ! sy/em ( our _w1 disputes 7 a long "t ma9ta9$1 on ! cause t turns ! planets1 & keeps !m 9 _! orbits3 & on ^? causes :i* make all bodies "h bel[ desc5d t[>ds ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,! sy/em ( ,desc>tes1 expla9$ & improv$ s9ce 8 "t1 seem$ to give a plausible reason = all ^? ph5om5a2 & ?is reason seem$ m j1 z x is simple & intelligible to all capacities4 ,b 9 philosophy1 a /ud5t ought to d\bt ( ! ?+s he fancies he und]/&s too easily1 z mu* z ( ^? he does n und]/&4 ,gravity1 ! fall+ ( accel]at$ bodies on ! e>?1 ! revolution ( ! planets 9 _! orbits1 _! rotations r\nd _! axis1 all ?is is m]e motion4 ,n[ motion _c p]haps be conceiv$ any o!rwise ?an by impulsion2 !re=e all ^? bodies mu/ be impell$4 ,b by :at are !y impell$8 ,all space is full1 x !re=e is fill$ ) a v subtile matt]1 s9ce ?is is imp]ceptible to u2 ?is matt] goes f we/ to ea/1 s9ce all ! planets are c>ri$ f we/ to ea/4 ,?us f hypo!sis to hypo!sis1 f "o appe>ance to ano!r1 philosoph]s h imag9$ a va/ :irlpool ( subtile matt]1 9 :i* ! planets are c>ri$ r\nd ! sun3 !y also h creat$ ano!r p>ticul> vortex :i* floats 9 ! great "o1 & :i* turns daily r\nd ! planets4 ,:5 all ?is is done1 x is pret5d$ t gravity dep5ds on ?is diurnal motion2 =1 say ^!1 ! velocity ( ! subtile matt] t turns r\nd our little vortex1 mu/ be sev5te5 times m rapid ?an t ( ! e>?2 or1 9 case its velocity is sev5te5 times great] ?an t ( ! e>?1 its c5trifugal =ce mu/ be va/ly great]1 & consequ5tly impel all bodies t[>ds ! e>?4 ,?is is ! cause ( gravity1 accord+ to ! ,c>tesian sy/em4 ,b ! !ori/1 be=e he calculat$ ! c5trifugal =ce & velocity ( ! subtile matt]1 %\ld fir/ h be5 c]ta9 t x exi/$4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 seems to h de/roy$ all ^! great & little vortices1 bo? t :i* c>ries ! planets r\nd ! sun1 z well z ! o!r :i* supposes e planet to turn on its own axis4 ,fir/1 ) reg>d to ! pret5d$ little vortex ( ! e>?1 x is demon/rat$ t x mu/ lose its motion by ins5sible degrees2 x is demon/rat$1 t if ! e>? swims 9 a fluid1 its d5sity mu/ be equal to t ( ! e>?2 & 9 case its d5sity be ! same1 all ! bodies we endeav\r to move mu/ meet ) an insup]able resi/ance4 ,) reg>d to ! great vortices1 !y are /ill m *im]ical1 & x is impossible to make !m agree ) ,kepl]'s law1 ! tru? ( :i* has be5 demon/rat$4 ,sir ,isaac %[s1 t ! revolution ( ! fluid 9 :i* ,jupit] is suppos$ to be c>ri$1 is n ! same ) reg>d to ! revolution ( ! fluid ( ! e>?1 z ! revolution ( ,jupit] ) respect to t ( ! e>?4 ,he proves1 t z ! planets make _! revolutions 9 ellipses1 & consequ5tly be+ at a mu* great] di/ance "o f ! o!r 9 _! ,aphelia1 & a little ne>] 9 _! ,p]ihelia2 ! e>?'s velocity1 = in/ance1 ought to be great] :5 x is ne>] ,v5us & ,m>s1 because ! fluid t c>ries x along1 be+ !n m press$1 ought to h a great] motion2 & yet x is ev5 !n t ! e>?'s motion is sl[]4 ,he proves t !re is no su* ?+ z a cele/ial matt] :i* goes f we/ to ea/ s9ce ! comets trav]se ^? spaces1 sometimes f ea/ to we/1 & at o!r times f nor? to s\?4 ,9 f9e1 ! bett] to resolve1 if possible1 e difficulty1 he proves1 & ev5 by exp]im5ts1 t x is impossible !re %\ld be a pl5um2 & br+s back ! vacuum1 :i* ,ari/otle & ,desc>tes _h bani%$ f ! _w4 ,hav+ by ^! & sev]al o!r argum5ts de/roy$ ! ,c>tesian vortices1 he despair$ ( ev] be+ able to discov] :e!r !re is a secret pr9ciple 9 nature :i*1 at ! same "t1 is ! cause ( ! motion ( all cele/ial bodies1 & t ( gravity on ! e>?4 ,b be+ retir$ 9 #afff1 ^u acc\nt ( ! ,plague1 to a solitude ne> ,cambridge2 z he 0 walk+ "o day 9 8 g>d51 & saw "s fruits fall f a tree1 he fell into a pr(\nd m$itation on t gravity1 ! cause ( :i* _h s long be5 s\ght1 b 9 va91 by all ! philosoph]s1 :il/ ! vulg> ?9k !re is no?+ my/]i\s 9 x4 ,he said to himself2 t f :at height soev] 9 our hemisph]e1 ^? bodies might desc5d1 _! fall w\ld c]ta9ly be 9 ! progression discov]$ by ,galileo2 & ! spaces !y run ?r\gh w\ld be z ! squ>e ( ! times4 ,:y may n ?is p[] :i* causes heavy bodies to desc5d1 & is ! same )\t any s5sible dim9ution at ! remote/ di/ance f ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 or on ! summits ( ! highe/ m\nta9s1 :y1 said ,sir ,isaac1 may n ?is p[] ext5d z high z ! moon8 ,& 9 case its influ5ce rea*es s f>1 is x n v probable t ?is p[] reta9s x 9 its orbit1 & det]m9es its motion8 ,b 9 case ! moon obeys ?is pr9ciple 7:atev] x be7 may we n conclude v naturally t ! re/ ( ! planets are equally subject to x8 ,9 case ?is p[] exi/s 7:i* besides is prov$7 x mu/ increase 9 an inv]se ratio ( ! squ>es ( ! di/ances4 ,all1 !re=e1 t rema9s is1 to exam9e h[ f> a heavy body1 :i* %\ld fall ^u ! e>? f a mod]ate height1 w\ld g2 & h[ f> 9 ! same "t1 a body :i* %\ld fall f ! orbit ( ! moon1 w\ld desc5d4 ,to f9d ?is1 no?+ is want$ b ! measure ( ! e>?1 & ! di/ance ( ! moon f x4 ,?us ,sir ,isaac ,newton reason$4 ,b at t "t ! ,engli% _h b a v imp]fect measure ( our globe1 & dep5d$ on ! unc]ta9 supposition ( m>9]s1 :o comput$ a degree to conta9 b sixty ,engli% miles1 :]eas x consi/s 9 reality ( ne> sev5ty4 ,z ?is false computation did n agree ) ! conclusions :i* ,sir ,isaac int5d$ to draw f !m1 he laid aside ?is pursuit4 ,a half-le>n$ philosoph]1 rem>kable only = 8 vanity1 w\ld h made ! measure ( ! e>? agree1 anyh[1 ) 8 sy/em4 ,sir ,isaac1 h[ev]1 *ose r to quit ! rese>*es he 0 !n engag$ 94 ,b aft] ,mr4 ,pic>d _h measur$ ! e>? exactly1 by trac+ t m]idian :i* r$\nds s mu* to ! hon\r ( ! ,fr5*1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton resum$ 8 =m] reflections1 & f\nd 8 acc\nt 9 ,mr4 ,pic>d's calculation4 ,a circum/ance :i* has always appe>$ wond]ful to me1 is t su* sublime discov]ies %\ld h be5 made by ! sole assi/ance ( a quadrant & a little ari?metic4 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! e>? is #abc1bdi1fjj feet4 ,?is1 among o!r ?+s1 is necess>y to prove ! sy/em ( attraction4 ,! in/ant we "k ! e>?'s circumf]5ce1 & ! di/ance ( ! moon1 we "k t ( ! moon's orbit1 & ! diamet] ( ?is orbit4 ,! moon p]=ms its revolution 9 t orbit 9 tw5ty-sev5 days1 sev5 h\rs1 =ty-?ree m9utes4 ,x is demon/rat$1 t ! moon 9 its mean motion makes an hundr$ & f\rscore & sev5 ?\s& n9e hundr$ & sixty feet 7( ,p>is7 9 a m9ute4 ,x is likewise demon/rat$1 by a kn[n !orem1 t ! c5tral =ce :i* %\ld make a body fall f ! height ( ! moon1 w\ld make its velocity no m ?an fifte5 ,p>is feet 9 a m9ute ( "t4 ,n[1 if ! law by :i* bodies gravitate & attract "o ano!r 9 an inv]se ratio to ! squ>es ( ! di/ances be true1 if ! same p[] acts accord+ to t law ?r\gh\t all nature1 x is evid5t t z ! e>? is sixty semi-diamet]s di/ant f ! moon1 a heavy body mu/ necess>ily fall 7on ! e>?7 fifte5 feet 9 ! fir/ second1 & fifty-f\r ?\s& feet 9 ! fir/ m9ute4 ,n[ a heavy body falls1 9 reality1 fifte5 feet 9 ! fir/ second1 & goes 9 ! fir/ m9ute fifty-f\r ?\s& feet1 :i* numb] is ! squ>e ( sixty multipli$ by fifte54 ,bodies1 !re=e1 gravitate 9 an inv]se ratio ( ! squ>es ( ! di/ances2 consequ5tly1 :at causes gravity on e>?1 & keeps ! moon 9 its orbit1 is "o & ! same p[]2 x be+ demon/rat$ t ! moon gravitates on ! e>?1 :i* is ! c5tre ( its p>ticul> motion1 x is demon/rat$ t ! e>? & ! moon gravitate on ! sun :i* is ! c5tre ( _! annual motion4 ,! re/ ( ! planets mu/ be subject to ?is g5]al law2 & if ?is law exi/s1 ^! planets mu/ foll[ ! laws :i* ,kepl] discov]$4 ,all ^! laws1 all ^! relations are inde$ obs]v$ by ! planets ) ! utmo/ exactness2 !re=e1 ! p[] ( attraction causes all ! planets to gravitate t[>ds ! sun1 9 l mann] z ! moon gravitates t[>ds our globe4 ,f9ally1 z 9 all bodies re-action is equal to action1 x is c]ta9 t ! e>? gravitates also t[>ds ! moon2 & t ! sun gravitates t[>ds bo?4 ,t e "o ( ! satellites ( ,saturn gravitates t[>ds ! o!r f\r1 & ! o!r f\r t[>ds x2 all five t[>ds ,saturn1 & ,saturn t[>ds all4 ,t x is ! same ) reg>d to ,jupit]2 & t all ^! globes are attract$ by ! sun1 :i* is reciprocally attract$ by !m4 ,?is p[] ( gravitation acts proportionably to ! quantity ( matt] 9 bodies1 a tru? :i* ,sir ,isaac has demon/rat$ by exp]im5ts4 ,?is new discov]y has be5 ( use to %[ t ! sun 7! c5tre ( ! planet>y sy/em7 attracts !m all 9 a direct ratio ( _! quantity ( matt] comb9$ ) _! ne>ness4 ,f h5ce ,sir ,isaac1 ris+ by degrees to discov]ies :i* seem$ n to be =m$ = ! human m9d1 is bold en\gh to compute ! quantity ( matt] conta9$ 9 ! sun & 9 e planet2 & 9 ?is mann] %[s1 f ! simple laws ( me*anics1 t e cele/ial globe ought necess>ily to be :]e x is plac$4 ,8 b>e pr9ciple ( ! laws ( gravitation acc\nts = all ! app>5t inequalities 9 ! c\rse ( ! cele/ial globes4 ,! v>iations ( ! moon are a necess>y consequ5ce ( ^? laws4 ,moreov]1 ! reason is evid5tly se5 :y ! nodes ( ! moon p]=m _! revolutions 9 n9ete5 ye>s1 & ^? ( ! e>? 9 ab\t tw5ty-six ?\s&4 ,! sev]al appe>ances obs]v$ 9 ! tides are also a v simple effect ( ?is attraction4 ,! proximity ( ! moon1 :5 at ! full1 & :5 x is new1 & its di/ance 9 ! quadratures or qu>t]s1 comb9$ ) ! action ( ! sun1 exhibit a s5sible reason :y ! ocean swells & s9ks4 ,aft] hav+ %[n by 8 sublime !ory ! c\rse & inequalities ( ! planets1 he subjects comets to ! same law4 ,! orbit ( ^! fires 7unkn[n = s great a s]ies ( ye>s71 :i* 0 ! t]ror ( mank9d & ! rock aga9/ :i* philosophy split1 plac$ by ,ari/otle bel[ ! moon1 & s5t back by ,desc>tes above ! sph]e ( ,saturn1 is at la/ plac$ 9 its prop] seat by ,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,he proves t comets are solid bodies :i* move 9 ! sph]e ( ! sun's activity1 & t !y describe an ellipsis s v ecc5tric1 & s ne> to p>abolas1 t c]ta9 comets mu/ take up above five hundr$ ye>s 9 _! revolution4 ,! le>n$ ,dr4 ,halley is ( op9ion t ! comet se5 9 #afhj is ! same :i* appe>$ 9 ,julius ,caes>'s "t4 ,?is %[s m ?an any o!r t comets are h>d1 opaque bodies2 = x desc5d$ s ne> to ! sun1 z to come )9 a six? "p ( ! diamet] ( ?is planet f x1 & consequ5tly might h contract$ a degree ( heat two ?\s& times /rong] ?an t ( r$-hot iron2 & w\ld h be5 soon disp]s$ 9 vap\r1 _h x n be5 a firm1 d5se body4 ,! guess+ ! c\rse ( comets began !n to be v mu* 9 vogue4 ,! celebrat$ ,b]n\lli conclud$ by 8 sy/em t ! fam\s comet ( #afhj w\ld appe> aga9 ! #ag? ( ,may1 #agai4 ,n a s+le a/ronom] 9 ,europe w5t to b$ t night4 ,h[ev]1 !y ne$$ n to h broke _! re/1 = ! fam\s comet nev] appe>$4 ,!re is at lea/ m cunn+1 if n m c]ta9ty1 9 fix+ its return to s remote a di/ance z five hundr$ & sev5ty-five ye>s4 ,z to ,mr4 ,:i/on1 he affirm$ v s]i\sly t 9 ! "t ( ! ,deluge a comet ov]fl[$ ! t]re/rial globe4 ,& he 0 s unreasonable z to wond] t p laugh$ at him = mak+ su* an ass]tion4 ,! anci5ts 7 almo/ 9 ! same way ( ?9k+ ) ,mr4 ,:i/on1 & fanci$ t comets 7 always ! =]unn]s ( "s great calamity :i* 0 to befall mank9d4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 on ! contr>y1 suspect$ t !y are v b5efic5t1 & t vap\rs exhale f !m m]ely to n\ri% & vivify ! planets1 :i* imbibe 9 _! c\rse ! sev]al p>ticles ! sun has deta*$ f ! comets1 an op9ion :i*1 at lea/1 is m probable ?an ! =m]4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,if ?is p[] ( gravitation or attraction acts on all ! cele/ial globes1 x acts und\bt$ly on ! sev]al p>ts ( ^! globes4 ,= 9 case bodies attract "o ano!r 9 proportion to ! quantity ( matt] conta9$ 9 !m1 x c only be 9 proportion to ! quantity ( _! p>ts2 & if ?is p[] is f\nd 9 ! :ole1 x is und\bt$ly 9 ! half2 9 ! qu>t]s 9 ! eigh? "p1 & s on 9 inf9itum4 ,?is is attraction1 ! great spr+ by :i* all ,nature is mov$4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 aft] hav+ demon/rat$ ! exi/5ce ( ?is pr9ciple1 pla9ly =esaw t its v "n w\ld (f5d2 &1 !re=e1 ?is philosoph]1 9 m places ?an "o ( 8 books1 gives ! read] "s caution ab\t x4 ,he bids him bew>e ( conf\nd+ ?is "n ) :at ! anci5ts call$ occult qualities1 b to be satisfi$ ) kn[+ t !re is 9 all bodies a c5tral =ce1 :i* acts to ! utmo/ limits ( ! univ]se1 accord+ to ! inv>iable laws ( me*anics4 ,x is surpris+1 aft] ! solemn prote/ations ,sir ,isaac made1 t su* em95t m5 z ,mr4 ,sor9 & ,mr4 de ,font5elle %\ld h imput$ to ?is great philosoph] ! v]bal & *im]ical way ( reason+ ( ! ,ari/otelians2 ,mr4 ,sor9 9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,academy ( #agji1 & ,mr4 de ,font5elle 9 ! v eulogium ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,mo/ ( ! ,fr5* 7! le>n$ & o!rs7 h repeat$ ?is reproa*4 ,^! are = ev] cry+ out1 ,:y did he n employ ! ^w impulsion1 :i* is s well und]/ood1 r ?an t ( attraction1 :i* is un9telligible8 ,sir ,isaac might h answ]$ ^! critics ?us3--,fir/1 y h z imp]fect an idea ( ! ^w impulsion z ( t ( attraction2 & 9 case y _c conceive h[ "o body t5ds t[>ds ! c5tre ( ano!r body1 nei!r c y conceive by :at p[] "o body c impel ano!r4 ,secondly1 ,i c\ld n admit ( impulsion2 = to d ?is ,i mu/ h kn[n t a cele/ial matt] 0 ! ag5t4 ,b s f> f kn[+ t !re is any su* matt]1 ,i h prov$ x to be m]ely imag9>y4 ,?irdly1 ,i use ! ^w attraction = no o!r reason b to express an effect :i* ,i discov]$ 9 ,nature--a c]ta9 & indisputable effect ( an unkn[n pr9ciple--a quality inh]5t 9 matt]1 ! cause ( :i* p]sons ( great] abilities ?an ,i c pret5d to may1 if !y c1 f9d out4 ,:at h y1 !n1 taught u8 w ^! p say fur!r2 & to :at purpose are s _m calculations to tell u :at y y\rself d n compreh5d8 ,i h taught y1 may ,sir ,isaac rejo91 t all bodies gravitate t[>ds "o ano!r 9 proportion to _! quantity ( matt]2 t ^! c5tral =ces alone keep ! planets & comets 9 _! orbits1 & cause !m to move 9 ! proportion be=e set d[n4 ,i demon/rate to y t x is impossible !re %\ld be any o!r cause :i* keeps ! planets 9 _! orbits ?an t g5]al ph5om5on ( gravity4 ,= heavy bodies fall on ! e>? accord+ to ! proportion demon/rat$ ( c5tral =ces2 & ! planets f9i%+ _! c\rse accord+ to ^! same proportions1 9 case !re 7 ano!r p[] t act$ ^u all ^? bodies1 x w\ld ei!r increase _! velocity or *ange _! direction4 ,n[1 n "o ( ^? bodies ev] has a s+le degree ( motion or velocity1 or has any direction b :at is demon/rat$ to be ! effect ( ! c5tral =ces4 ,consequ5tly x is impossible !re %\ld be any o!r pr9ciple4 ,give me leave once m to introduce ,sir ,isaac speak+4 ,%all he n be all[$ to say8 ,my case & t ( ! anci5ts is v diff]5t4 ,^! saw1 = in/ance1 wat] asc5d 9 pumps1 & said1 ',! wat] rises because x abhors a vacuum4' ,b ) reg>d to myself2 ,i am 9 ! case ( a man :o %\ld h fir/ obs]v$ t wat] asc5ds 9 pumps1 b %\ld leave o!rs to expla9 ! cause ( ?is effect4 ,! anatomi/1 :o fir/ decl>$ t ! motion ( ! arm is ow+ to ! contraction ( ! muscles1 taught mank9d an indisputable tru?4 ,b are !y less oblig$ to him because he did n "k ! reason :y ! muscles contract8 ,! cause ( ! ela/icity ( ! air is unkn[n1 b he :o fir/ discov]$ ?is spr+ p]=m$ a v signal s]vice to natural philosophy4 ,! spr+ t ,i discov]$ 0 m hidd5 & m univ]sal1 & = t v reason mank9d ought to ?ank me ! m4 ,i h discov]$ a new prop]ty ( matt]--"o ( ! secrets ( ! ,creator--& h calculat$ & discov]$ ! effects ( x4 ,aft] ?is1 %all p qu>rel ) me ab\t ! "n ,i give x8 ,vortices may be call$ an occult quality1 because _! exi/5ce 0 nev] prov$4 ,attraction1 on ! contr>y1 is a real ?+1 because its effects are demon/rat$1 & ! proportions ( x are calculat$4 ,! cause ( ?is cause is among ! ,arcana ( ! ,almighty4 ,prec$es huc1 et non amplius4 7,?us f> %alt ?\ g1 & no f>!r47 ,,lett] ,,xvi4--,,on ,,sir ,,isaac ,,newton',s ,,optics ,! philosoph]s ( ! la/ age f\nd out a new univ]se2 & a circum/ance :i* made its discov]y m difficult 0 t no "o _h s mu* z suspect$ its exi/5ce4 ,! mo/ sage & judici\s 7 ( op9ion t x 0 a frantic ra%ness to d>e s mu* z to imag9e t x 0 possible to guess ! laws by :i* ! cele/ial bodies move & ! mann] h[ light acts4 ,galileo1 by 8 a/ronomical discov]ies1 ,kepl]1 by 8 calculation1 ,desc>tes 7at lea/1 9 8 dioptrics71 & ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 9 all 8 works1 sev]ally saw ! me*anism ( ! spr+s ( ! _w4 ,! geometricians h subject$ inf9ity to ! laws ( calculation4 ,! circulation ( ! blood 9 animals1 & ( ! sap 9 vegetables1 h *ang$ ! face ( ,nature ) reg>d to u4 ,a new k9d ( exi/5ce has be5 giv5 to bodies 9 ! air-pump4 ,by ! assi/ance ( telescopes bodies h be5 br\ght ne>] to "o ano!r4 ,f9ally1 ! sev]al discov]ies :i* ,sir ,isaac ,newton has made on light are equal to ! bolde/ ?+s :i* ! curiosity ( man c\ld expect aft] s _m philosophical novelties4 ,till ,antonio de ,dom9is ! ra9b[ 0 consid]$ z an inexplicable miracle4 ,?is philosoph] guess$ t x 0 a necess>y effect ( ! sun & ra94 ,desc>tes ga9$ immortal fame by 8 ma!matical explication ( ?is s natural a ph5om5on4 ,he calculat$ ! reflections & refractions ( light 9 drops ( ra94 ,& 8 sagacity on ?is occasion 0 at t "t look$ ^u z next to div9e4 ,b :at w\ld he h said _h x be5 prov$ to him t he 0 mi/ak5 9 ! nature ( light2 t he _h n ! lea/ reason to ma9ta9 t x is a globul> body8 ,t x is false to ass]t t ?is matt]1 spread+ itself ?r\gh ! :ole1 waits only to be project$ =w>d by ! sun1 9 ord] to be put 9 action1 9 l mann] z a long /aff acts at "o end :5 pu%$ =w>d by ! o!r4 ,t light is c]ta9ly d>t$ by ! sun2 9 f9e1 t light is transmitt$ f ! sun to ! e>? 9 ab\t sev5 m9utes1 ?\gh a cannonball1 :i* 7 n to lose any ( its velocity1 c\ld n g t di/ance 9 less ?an tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,h[ great w\ld h be5 8 a/oni%m5t _h he be5 told t light does n reflect directly by imp++ aga9/ ! solid p>ts ( bodies1 t bodies are n transp>5t :5 !y h l>ge pores1 & t a man %\ld arise :o w\ld demon/rate all ^! p>adoxes1 & anatomise a s+le ray ( light ) m dext]ity ?an ! able/ arti/ dissects a human body4 ,?is man is come4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton has demon/rat$ to ! eye1 by ! b>e assi/ance ( ! prism1 t light is a composition ( col\r$ rays1 :i*1 be+ unit$1 =m :ite col\r4 ,a s+le ray is by him divid$ into sev51 :i* all fall ^u a piece ( l951 or a %eet ( :ite pap]1 9 _! ord]1 "o above ! o!r1 & at unequal di/ances4 ,! fir/ is r$1 ! second orange1 ! ?ird yell[1 ! f\r? gre51 ! fif? blue1 ! six? indigo1 ! sev5? a violet-purple4 ,ea* ( ^! rays1 transmitt$ aft]w>ds by a hundr$ o!r prisms1 w nev] *ange ! col\r x be>s2 9 l mann]1 z gold1 :5 completely purg$ f its dross1 w nev] *ange aft]w>ds 9 ! crucible4 ,z a sup]abundant pro( t ea* ( ^! elem5t>y rays has inh]5tly 9 itself t :i* =ms its col\r to ! eye1 take a small piece ( yell[ wood1 = in/ance1 & set x 9 ! ray ( a r$ col\r2 ?is wood w in/antly be t+$ r$4 ,b set x 9 ! ray ( a gre5 col\r1 x assumes a gre5 col\r1 & s ( all ! re/4 ,f :at cause1 !re=e1 d col\rs arise 9 ,nature8 ,x is no?+ b ! disposition ( bodies to reflect ! rays ( a c]ta9 ord] & to absorb all ! re/4 ,:at1 !n1 is ?is secret disposition8 ,sir ,isaac ,newton demon/rates t x is no?+ m ?an ! d5sity ( ! small con/itu5t p>ticles ( :i* a body is compos$4 ,& h[ is ?is reflection p]=m$8 ,x 0 suppos$ to arise f ! reb\nd+ ( ! rays1 9 ! same mann] z a ball on ! surface ( a solid body4 ,b ?is is a mi/ake1 = ,sir ,isaac taught ! a/oni%$ philosoph]s t bodies are opaque = no o!r reason b because _! pores are l>ge1 t light reflects on our eyes f ! v bosom ( ^? pores1 t ! small] ! pores ( a body are ! m su* a body is transp>5t4 ,?us pap]1 :i* reflects ! light :5 dry1 transmits x :5 oil$1 because ! oil1 by fill+ its pores1 makes !m mu* small]4 ,x is !re t exam9+ ! va/ porosity ( bodies1 e p>ticle hav+ its pores1 & e p>ticle ( ^? p>ticles hav+ its own1 he %[s we are n c]ta9 t !re is a cubic in* ( solid matt] 9 ! univ]se1 s f> are we f conceiv+ :at matt] is4 ,hav+ ?us divid$1 z x 71 light into its elem5ts1 & c>ri$ ! sagacity ( 8 discov]ies s f> z to prove ! me?od ( di/+ui%+ comp\nd col\rs f su* z are primitive1 he %[s t ^! elem5t>y rays1 sep>at$ by ! prism1 are rang$ 9 _! ord] = no o!r reason b because !y are refract$ 9 t v ord]2 & x is ?is prop]ty 7unkn[n till he discov]$ x7 ( break+ or splitt+ 9 ?is proportion2 x is ?is unequal refraction ( rays1 ?is p[] ( refract+ ! r$ less ?an ! orange col\r1 c41 :i* he calls ! diff]5t refrangibility4 ,! mo/ reflexible rays are ! mo/ refrangible1 & f h5ce he ev9ces t ! same p[] is ! cause bo? ( ! reflection & refraction ( light4 ,b all ^! wond]s are m]ely b ! op5+ ( 8 discov]ies4 ,he f\nd out ! secret to see ! vibrations or fits ( light :i* come & g incessantly1 & :i* ei!r transmit light or reflect x1 accord+ to ! d5sity ( ! p>ts !y meet )4 ,he has presum$ to calculate ! d5sity ( ! p>ticles ( air necess>y betwe5 two glasses1 ! "o flat1 ! o!r convex on "o side1 set "o ^u ! o!r1 9 ord] to op]ate su* a transmission or reflection1 or to =m su* & su* a col\r4 ,f all ^! comb9ations he discov]s ! proportion 9 :i* light acts on bodies & bodies act on light4 ,he saw light s p]fectly1 t he has det]m9$ to :at degree ( p]fection ! art ( increas+ x1 & ( assi/+ our eyes by telescopes1 c be c>ri$4 ,desc>tes1 f a noble confid5ce t 0 v excusable1 consid]+ h[ /rongly he 0 fir$ at ! fir/ discov]ies he made 9 an art :i* he almo/ fir/ f\nd out2 ,desc>tes1 ,i say1 hop$ to discov] 9 ! />s1 by ! assi/ance ( telescopes1 objects z small z ^? we disc]n ^u ! e>?4 ,b ,sir ,isaac has %[n t dioptric telescopes _c be br\ght to a great] p]fection1 because ( t refraction1 & ( t v refrangibility1 :i* at ! same "t t !y br+ objects ne>] to u1 scatt] too mu* ! elem5t>y rays4 ,he has calculat$ 9 ^! glasses ! proportion ( ! scatt]+ ( ! r$ & ( ! blue rays2 & proce$+ s f> z to demon/rate ?+s :i* 7 n suppos$ ev5 to exi/1 he exam9es ! inequalities :i* arise f ! %ape or figure ( ! glass1 & t :i* arises f ! refrangibility4 ,he f9ds t ! object glass ( ! telescope be+ convex on "o side & flat on ! o!r1 9 case ! flat side be turn$ t[>ds ! object1 ! error :i* arises f ! con/ruction & position ( ! glass is above five ?\s& times less ?an ! error :i* arises f ! refrangibility2 &1 !re=e1 t ! %ape or figure ( ! glasses is n ! cause :y telescopes _c be c>ri$ to a great] p]fection1 b arises :olly f ! nature ( light4 ,= ?is reason he inv5t$ a telescope1 :i* discov]s objects by reflection1 & n by refraction4 ,telescopes ( ?is new k9d are v h>d to make1 & _! use is n easy2 b1 accord+ to ! ,engli%1 a reflective telescope ( b five feet has ! same effect z ano!r ( a hundr$ feet 9 l5g?4 ,,lett] ,,xvii4--,,on ,,inf9ites ,,9 ,,geometry1 ,,& ,,sir ,,isaac ,,newton',s ,,*ronology ,! labyr9? & abyss ( inf9ity is also a new c\rse ,sir ,isaac ,newton has gone ?r\gh1 & we are oblig$ to him = ! clue1 by ^: assi/ance we are enabl$ to trace its v>i\s w9d+s4 ,desc>tes got ! />t ( him also 9 ?is a/oni%+ inv5tion4 ,he advanc$ ) mighty /eps 9 8 geometry1 & 0 arriv$ at ! v bord]s ( inf9ity1 b w5t no f>!r4 ,dr4 ,wallis1 ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 0 ! fir/ :o r$uc$ a fraction by a p]petual division to an inf9ite s]ies4 ,! ,"l ,br\nck] employ$ ?is s]ies to squ>e ! hyp]bola4 ,m]cator publi%$ a demon/ration ( ?is quadrature2 mu* ab\t :i* "t ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 be+ !n tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age1 _h inv5t$ a g5]al me?od1 to p]=m on all geometrical curves :at _h j be=e be5 tri$ on ! hyp]bola4 ,x is to ?is me?od ( subject+ ev]y:]e inf9ity to algebraical calculations1 t ! "n is giv5 ( diff]5tial calculations or ( fluxions & integral calculation4 ,x is ! art ( numb]+ & measur+ exactly a ?+ ^: exi/5ce _c be conceiv$4 ,&1 inde$1 w\ld y n imag9e t a man laugh$ at y :o %\ld decl>e t !re are l9es inf9itely great :i* =m an angle inf9itely little8 ,t a "r l9e1 :i* is a "r l9e s long z x is f9ite1 by *ang+ inf9itely little its direction1 becomes an inf9ite curve2 & t a curve may become inf9itely less ?an ano!r curve8 ,t !re are inf9ite squ>es1 inf9ite cubes1 & inf9ites ( inf9ites1 all great] ?an "o ano!r1 & ! la/ b "o ( :i* is no?+ 9 comp>ison ( ! la/8 ,all ^! ?+s1 :i* at fir/ appe> to be ! utmo/ excess ( fr5zy1 are 9 reality an ef=t ( ! subtlety & ext5t ( ! human m9d1 & ! art ( f9d+ tru?s :i* till !n _h be5 unkn[n4 ,?is s bold edifice is ev5 f\nd$ on simple ideas4 ,! bus9ess is to measure ! diagonal ( a squ>e1 to give ! area ( a curve1 to f9d ! squ>e root ( a numb]1 :i* has none 9 common ari?metic4 ,aft] all1 ! imag9ation ought n to be />tl$ any m at s _m ord]s ( inf9ites ?an at ! s well-kn[n proposition1 viz41 t curve l9es may always be made to pass betwe5 a circle & a tang5t2 or at t o!r1 namely1 t matt] is divisible 9 inf9itum4 ,^! two tru?s h be5 demon/rat$ _m ye>s1 & are no less incompreh5sible ?an ! ?+s we h be5 speak+ (4 ,= _m ye>s ! inv5tion ( ?is fam\s calculation 0 d5i$ to ,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,9 ,g]many ,mr4 ,leibnitz 0 consid]$ z ! inv5tor ( ! diff]5ces or mom5ts1 call$ fluxions1 & ,mr4 ,b]n\illi claim$ ! integral calculus4 ,h[ev]1 ,sir ,isaac is n[ ?\ght to h fir/ made ! discov]y1 & ! o!r two h ! glory ( hav+ once made ! _w d\bt :e!r x 0 to be ascrib$ to him or !m4 ,?us "s conte/$ ) ,dr4 ,h>vey ! inv5tion ( ! circulation ( ! blood1 z o!rs disput$ ) ,mr4 ,p]rault t ( ! circulation ( ! sap4 ,h>tso*] & ,leuw5hoek disput$ ) ea* o!r ! hon\r ( hav+ fir/ se5 ! v]miculi ( :i* mank9d are =m$4 ,?is ,h>tso*] also conte/$ ) ,huyg5s ! inv5tion ( a new me?od ( calculat+ ! di/ance ( a fix$ />4 ,x is n yet kn[n to :at philosoph] we owe ! inv5tion ( ! cycloid4 ,be ?is z x w1 x is by ! help ( ?is geometry ( inf9ites t ,sir ,isaac ,newton atta9$ to ! mo/ sublime discov]ies4 ,i am n[ to speak ( ano!r "w1 :i*1 ?\gh m adapt$ to ! capacity ( ! human m9d1 does nev]!less display "s m>ks ( t creative g5ius ) :i* ,sir ,isaac ,newton 0 in=m$ 9 all 8 rese>*es4 ,! "w ,i mean is a *ronology ( a new k9d1 = :at prov9ce soev] he und]took he 0 sure to *ange ! ideas & op9ions receiv$ by ! re/ ( m54 ,accu/om$ to unravel & dis5tangle *aos1 he 0 resolv$ to convey at lea/ "s light into t ( ! fables ( antiquity :i* are bl5d$ & conf\nd$ ) hi/ory1 & fix an unc]ta9 *ronology4 ,x is true t !re is no family1 city1 or nation1 b endeav\rs to remove its orig9al z f> backw>d z possible4 ,besides1 ! fir/ hi/orians 7 ! mo/ neglig5t 9 sett+ d[n ! eras3 books 7 inf9itely less common ?an !y are at ?is "t1 &1 consequ5tly1 au?ors be+ n s obnoxi\s to c5sure1 !y !re=e impos$ ^u ! _w ) great] impunity2 &1 z x is evid5t t ^! h relat$ a great numb] ( fictiti\s p>ticul>s1 x is probable en\gh t !y also gave u sev]al false eras4 ,x appe>$ 9 g5]al to ,sir ,isaac t ! _w 0 five hundr$ ye>s y\ng] ?an *ronolog]s decl>e x to be4 ,he gr\nds 8 op9ion on ! ord9>y c\rse ( ,nature1 & on ! obs]vations :i* a/ronom]s h made4 ,by ! c\rse ( ,nature we "h und]/& ! "t t e g5]ation ( m5 lives ^u ! e>?4 ,! ,egyptians fir/ employ$ ?is vague & unc]ta9 me?od ( calculat+ :5 !y began to write ! beg9n+ ( _! hi/ory4 ,^! comput$ ?ree hundr$ & =ty-"o g5]ations f ,m5es to ,se?on2 &1 hav+ no fix$ era1 !y suppos$ ?ree g5]ations to consi/ ( a hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 ?is mann] !y comput$ elev5 ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & =ty ye>s f ,m5es's reign to t ( ,se?on4 ,! ,greeks be=e !y c\nt$ by ,olympiads foll[$ ! me?od ( ! ,egyptians1 & ev5 gave a little m ext5t to g5]ations1 mak+ ea* to consi/ ( =ty ye>s4 ,n[1 "h1 bo? ! ,egyptians & ! ,greeks made an errone\s computation4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t1 accord+ to ! usual c\rse ( ,nature1 ?ree g5]ations la/ ab\t a hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s2 b ?ree reigns are f> f tak+ up s _m4 ,x is v evid5t t mank9d 9 g5]al live long] ?an k+s are f\nd to reign1 s t an au?or :o %\ld write a hi/ory 9 :i* !re 7 no dates fix$1 & %\ld "k t n9e k+s _h reign$ ov] a nation2 su* an hi/orian w\ld commit a great error %\ld he all[ ?ree hundr$ ye>s to ^! n9e mon>*s4 ,e g5]ation takes ab\t ?irty-six ye>s2 e reign is1 "o ) ! o!r1 ab\t tw5ty4 ,?irty k+s ( ,engl& h sway$ ! sceptre f ,william ! ,conqu]or to ,george ,i41 ! ye>s ( ^: reigns add$ toge!r am\nt to six hundr$ & =ty-eight ye>s2 :i*1 be+ divid$ equally among ! ?irty k+s1 give to e "o a reign ( tw5ty-"o ye>s & a half v ne>4 ,sixty-?ree k+s ( ,france h sat ^u ! ?rone2 ^! h1 "o ) ano!r1 reign$ ab\t tw5ty ye>s ea*4 ,?is is ! usual c\rse ( ,nature4 ,! anci5ts1 !re=e1 7 mi/ak5 :5 !y suppos$ ! durations 9 g5]al ( reigns to equal t ( g5]ations4 ,!y1 !re=e1 all[$ too great a numb] ( ye>s1 & consequ5tly "s ye>s mu/ be subtract$ f _! computation4 ,a/ronomical obs]vations seem to h l5t a /ill great] assi/ance to our philosoph]4 ,he appe>s to u /rong] :5 he fights ^u 8 own gr\nd4 ,y "k t ! e>?1 besides its annual motion :i* c>ries x r\nd ! sun f we/ to ea/ 9 ! space ( a ye>1 has also a s+ul> revolution :i* 0 q unkn[n till )9 ^! late ye>s4 ,its poles h a v sl[ retrograde motion f ea/ to we/1 :5ce x happ5s t _! position e day does n correspond exactly ) ! same po9t ( ! heav5s4 ,?is diff]5ce1 :i* is s ins5sible 9 a ye>1 becomes pretty consid]able 9 "t2 & 9 ?reescore & twelve ye>s ! diff]5ce is f\nd to be ( "o degree1 t is to say1 ! ?ree hundr$ & sixtie? "p ( ! circumf]5ce ( ! :ole heav54 ,?us aft] sev5ty-two ye>s ! colure ( ! v]nal equ9ox :i* pass$ ?r\gh a fix$ />1 corresponds ) ano!r fix$ />4 ,h5ce x is t ! sun1 in/ead ( be+ 9 t "p ( ! heav5s 9 :i* ! ,ram 0 situat$ 9 ! "t ( ,hipp>*us1 is f\nd to correspond ) t "p ( ! heav5s 9 :i* ! ,bull 0 situat$2 & ! ,tw9s are plac$ :]e ! ,bull !n /ood4 ,all ! signs h *ang$ _! situation1 & yet we /ill reta9 ! same mann] ( speak+ z ! anci5ts did4 ,9 ?is age we say t ! sun is 9 ! ,ram 9 ! spr+1 f ! same pr9ciple ( condesc5sion t we say t ! sun turns r\nd4 ,hipp>*us 0 ! fir/ among ! ,greeks :o obs]v$ "s *ange 9 ! con/ellations ) reg>d to ! equ9oxes1 or r :o le>nt x f ! ,egyptians4 ,philosoph]s ascrib$ ?is motion to ! />s2 = 9 ^? ages p 7 f> f imag9+ su* a revolution 9 ! e>?1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be immovable 9 e respect4 ,!y !re=e creat$ a heav5 9 :i* !y fix$ ! sev]al />s1 & gave ?is heav5 a p>ticul> motion by :i* x 0 c>ri$ t[>ds ! ea/1 :il/ t all ! />s seem$ to p]=m _! diurnal revolution f ea/ to we/4 ,to ?is error !y add$ a second ( mu* great] consequ5ce1 by imag9+ t ! pret5d$ heav5 ( ! fix$ />s advanc$ "o degree ea/w>d e hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 ?is mann] !y 7 no less mi/ak5 9 _! a/ronomical calculation ?an 9 _! sy/em ( natural philosophy4 ,z = in/ance1 an a/ronom] 9 t age w\ld h said t ! v]nal equ9ox 0 9 ! "t ( su* & su* an obs]vation1 9 su* a sign1 & 9 su* a />4 ,x has advanc$ two degrees ( ea* s9ce ! "t t obs]vation 0 made to ! pres5t4 ,n[ two degrees are equival5t to two hundr$ ye>s2 consequ5tly ! a/ronom] :o made t obs]vation liv$ j s _m ye>s be=e me4 ,x is c]ta9 t an a/ronom] :o _h argu$ 9 ?is mann] w\ld h mi/ook j fifty-f\r ye>s2 h5ce x is t ! anci5ts1 :o 7 d\bly deceiv$1 made _! great ye> ( ! _w1 t is1 ! revolution ( ! :ole heav5s1 to consi/ ( ?irty-six ?\s& ye>s4 ,b ! mod]ns are s5sible t ?is imag9>y revolution ( ! heav5 ( ! />s is no?+ else ?an ! revolution ( ! poles ( ! e>?1 :i* is p]=m$ 9 tw5ty-five ?\s& n9e hundr$ ye>s4 ,x may be prop] to obs]ve transi5tly 9 ?is place1 t ,sir ,isaac1 by det]m9+ ! figure ( ! e>?1 has v happily expla9$ ! cause ( ?is revolution4 ,all ?is be+ laid d[n1 ! only ?+ rema9+ to settle *ronology is to see ?r\gh :at /> ! colure ( ! equ9oxes passes1 & :]e x int]sects at ?is "t ! ecliptic 9 ! spr+2 & to discov] :e!r "s anci5t writ] does n tell u 9 :at po9t ! ecliptic 0 int]sect$ 9 8 "t1 by ! same colure ( ! equ9oxes4 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us in=ms u1 t ,*iron1 :o w5t ) ! ,argonauts1 obs]v$ ! con/ellations at ! "t ( t fam\s exp$ition1 & fix$ ! v]nal equ9ox to ! middle ( ! ,ram2 ! autumnal equ9ox to ! middle ( ,libra2 our summ] sol/ice to ! middle ( ,canc]1 & our w9t] sol/ice to ! middle ( ,capricorn4 ,a long "t aft] ! exp$ition ( ! ,argonauts1 & a ye> be=e ! ,peloponnesian w>1 ,me?on obs]v$ t ! po9t ( ! summ] sol/ice pass$ ?r\gh ! eigh? degree ( ,canc]4 ,n[ e sign ( ! zodiac conta9s ?irty degrees4 ,9 ,*iron's "t1 ! sol/ice 0 arriv$ at ! middle ( ! sign1 t is to say to ! fifte5? degree4 ,a ye> be=e ! ,peloponnesian w> x 0 at ! eigh?1 & !re=e x _h ret>d$ sev5 degrees4 ,a degree is equival5t to sev5ty-two ye>s2 consequ5tly1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,peloponnesian w> to ! exp$ition ( ! ,argonauts1 !re is no m ?an an int]val ( sev5 times sev5ty-two ye>s1 :i* make five hundr$ & f\r ye>s1 & n sev5 hundr$ ye>s z ! ,greeks comput$4 ,?us 9 comp>+ ! position ( ! heav5s at ?is "t ) _! position 9 t age1 we f9d t ! exp$ition ( ! ,argonauts ought to be plac$ ab\t n9e hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 & n ab\t f\rte5 hundr$2 & consequ5tly t ! _w is n s old by five hundr$ ye>s z x 0 g5]ally suppos$ to be4 ,by ?is calculation all ! eras are drawn ne>]1 & ! sev]al ev5ts are f\nd to h happ5$ lat] ?an is comput$4 ,i d n "k :e!r ?is +5i\s sy/em w be fav\rably receiv$2 & :e!r ^! notions w prevail s f> ) ! le>n$1 z to prompt !m to re=m ! *ronology ( ! _w4 ,p]haps ^! g5tlem5 w\ld ?9k x too great a condesc5sion to all[ "o & ! same man ! glory ( hav+ improv$ natural philosophy1 geometry1 & hi/ory4 ,?is w\ld be a k9d ( univ]sal mon>*y1 ) :i* ! pr9ciple ( self-love t is 9 man w sc>ce suff] him to indulge 8 fell[-creature2 &1 inde$1 at ! same "t t "s v great philosoph]s attack$ ,sir ,isaac ,newton's attractive pr9ciple1 o!rs fell ^u 8 *ronological sy/em4 ,"t t %\ld discov] to :i* ( ^! ! victory is due1 may p]haps only leave ! dispute /ill m undet]m9$4 ,,lett] ,,xviii4--,,on ,,trag$y ,! ,engli% z well z ! ,spani>ds 7 possess$ ( !atres at a "t :5 ! ,fr5* _h no m ?an mov+1 it9]ant /ages4 ,%akspe>e1 :o 0 consid]$ z ! ,corneille ( ! fir/-m5tion$ nation1 0 pretty ne>ly contempor>y ) ,lopez de ,vega1 & he creat$1 z x 71 ! ,engli% !atre4 ,%akspe>e boa/$ a /rong fruitful g5ius4 ,he 0 natural & sublime1 b _h n s mu* z a s+le sp>k ( good ta/e1 or knew "o rule ( ! drama4 ,i w n[ haz>d a r&om1 b1 at ! same "t1 true reflection1 :i* is1 t ! great m]it ( ?is dramatic poet has be5 ! ru9 ( ! ,engli% /age4 ,!re are su* beautiful1 su* noble1 su* dreadful sc5es 9 ?is writ]'s mon/r\s f>ces1 to :i* ! "n ( trag$y is giv51 t !y h always be5 exhibit$ ) great success4 ,"t1 :i* alone gives reputation to writ]s1 at la/ makes _! v faults v5]able4 ,mo/ ( ! :imsical gigantic images ( ?is poet1 h1 ?r\gh l5g? ( "t 7x be+ a hundr$ & fifty ye>s s9ce !y 7 fir/ drawn7 acquir$ a "r ( pass+ = sublime4 ,mo/ ( ! mod]n dramatic writ]s h copi$ him2 b ! t\*es & descriptions :i* are applaud$ 9 ,%akspe>e1 are hiss$ at 9 ^! writ]s2 & y w easily believe t ! v5]ation 9 :i* ?is au?or is held1 increases 9 proportion to ! contempt :i* is %[n to ! mod]ns4 ,dramatic writ]s don't consid] t !y %\ld n imitate him2 & ! ill-success ( ,%akspe>e's imitators produces no o!r effect1 ?an to make him be consid]$ z inimitable4 ,y rememb] t 9 ! trag$y ( ,o!llo1 ,moor ( ,v5ice1 a mo/ t5d] piece1 a man /rangles 8 wife on ! /age1 & t ! poor woman1 :il/ %e is /rangl+1 cries al\d t %e dies v unju/ly4 ,y "k t 9 ,hamlet1 ,pr9ce ( ,d5m>k1 two grave-digg]s make a grave1 & are all ! "t dr9k+1 s++ ballads1 & mak+ humor\s reflections 7natural inde$ en\gh to p]sons ( _! pr(ession7 on ! sev]al skulls !y ?r[ up ) _! spades2 b a circum/ance :i* w surprise y is1 t ?is ridicul\s incid5t has be5 imitat$4 ,9 ! reign ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii41 :i* 0 t ( polit5ess1 & ! ,gold5 ,age ( ! lib]al arts2 ,otway1 9 8 ,v5ice ,pres]v$1 introduces ,antonio ! s5ator1 & ,naki1 8 c\rtesan1 9 ! mid/ ( ! horrors ( ! ,m>quis ( ,b$em>'s conspiracy4 ,antonio1 ! sup]annuat$ s5ator plays1 9 8 mi/ress's pres5ce1 all ! api% tricks ( a lewd1 impot5t debau*ee1 :o is q frantic & out ( 8 s5ses4 ,he mimics a bull & a dog1 & bites 8 mi/ress's legs1 :o kicks & :ips him4 ,h[ev]1 ! play]s h /ruck ^! buffoon]ies 7:i* inde$ 7 calculat$ m]ely = ! dregs ( ! p7 out ( ,otway's trag$y2 b !y h /ill left 9 ,%akspe>e's ,julius ,caes> ! jokes ( ! ,roman %oemak]s & cobbl]s1 :o are introduc$ 9 ! same sc5e ) ,brutus & ,cassius4 ,y w und\bt$ly compla91 t ^? :o h hi!rto disc\rs$ ) y on ! ,engli% /age1 & especially on ! celebrat$ ,%akspe>e1 h tak5 notice only ( 8 errors2 & t no "o has translat$ any ( ^? /rong1 ^? =cible passages :i* atone = all 8 faults4 ,b to ?is ,i w answ]1 t no?+ is easi] ?an to exhibit 9 prose all ! silly imp]t95ces :i* a poet may h ?r[n out2 b t x is a v difficult task to translate 8 f9e v]ses4 ,all y\r junior academical sophs1 :o set up = c5sors ( ! em95t writ]s1 compile :ole volumes2 b me?9ks two pages :i* display "s ( ! beauties ( great g5iuses1 are ( inf9itely m value ?an all ! idle rhapsodies ( ^? comm5tators2 & ,i w jo9 9 op9ion ) all p]sons ( good ta/e 9 decl>+1 t great] advantage may be reap$ f a doz5 v]ses ( ,hom] ( ,virgil1 ?an f all ! critiques put toge!r :i* h be5 made on ^? two great poets4 ,i h v5tur$ to translate "s passages ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ,engli% poets1 & %all n[ give y "o f ,%akspe>e4 ,p>don ! blemi%es ( ! translation = ! sake ( ! orig9al2 & rememb] always t :5 y see a v]sion1 y see m]ely a fa9t pr9t ( a beautiful picture4 ,i h made *oice ( "p ( ! celebrat$ soliloquy 9 ,hamlet1 :i* y may rememb] is z foll[s3-- ,to be1 or n to be8 t is ! "q6 ,:e!r 't is nobl] 9 ! m9d to suff] ,! sl+s & arr[s ( outrage\s =tune1 ,or to take arms aga9/ a sea ( tr\bles1 ,& by oppos+1 end !m8 ,to die6 to sleep6 ,no m6 & by a sleep to say we end ,! he>t-a*e1 & ! ?\s& natural %ocks ,t fle% is heir to6 ',tis a consummation ,dev\tly to be wi%$4 ,to die6 to sleep6 ,to sleep2 p]*ance to dream6 ,o1 !re's ! rub2 ,= 9 t sleep ( dea?1 :at dreams may come ,:5 we h %uffl$ (f ?is mortal coil1 ,mu/ give u pause4 ,!re's ! respect ,t makes calamity ( s long life3 ,= :o w\ld be> ! :ips & scorns ( "t1 ,! oppressor's wrong1 ! poor man's contumely1 ,! pangs ( despis$ love1 ! law's delay1 ,! insol5ce ( (fice1 & ! spurns ,t pati5t m]it ( ! unwor?y takes1 ,:5 he himself might 8 quietus make ,) a b>e bodk94 ,:o w\ld f>dels be> ,to groan & sweat "u a we>y life1 ,b t ! dread ( some?+ aft] dea?1 ,! undiscov]$ c\ntry1 f ^: b\rn ,no travell] returns1 puzzles ! w1 ,& makes u r be> ^? ills we h1 ,?an fly to o!rs t we "k n (8 ,?us consci5ce does make c[>ds ( u all2 ,& ?us ! native hue ( resolution ,is sickli$ o'er ) ! pale ca/ ( ?\ght3 ,& ent]prises ( great weight & mom5t ,) ?is reg>d _! curr5ts turn awry1 ,& lose ! "n ( action-- ,my v]sion ( x runs ?us3-- ,demeure1 il faut *oisir et pass] a l'in/ant ,de la vie1 a la mort1 ou de l'etre au neant4 ,dieux cruels1 s'il en e/1 eclairez mon c\rage4 ,faut-il vieillir c\rbe s\s la ma9 qui m'outrage1 ,support]1 ou f9ir mon malheur et mon sort8 ,qui suis je8 ,qui m'arrete6 et qu'e/-ce que la mort8 ,c'e/ la f9 de nos maux1 c'e/ mon unique asile ,apres de longs transports1 c'e/ un sommeil tranquile4 ,on s'endort1 et t\t meurt1 mais un affreux reveil ,doit succ$] peut etre aux d\ceurs du sommeil6 ,on n\s m5ace1 on dit que cette c\rte vie1 ,de t\rm5s et]nels e/ aussi-tot suivie4 ,o mort6 mom5t fatal6 affreuse et]nite6 ,t\t coeur a ton seul nom se glace ep\vante4 ,eh6 qui p\rroit sans toi support] cette vie1 ,de nos pretres m5teurs b5ir l'hypocrisie3 ,d'une indigne maitresse enc5s] les erreurs1 ,ramp] s\s un m9i/re1 ador] ses hauteurs2 ,et montr] les langueurs de son ame abattue1 ,a des amis +rats qui det\rn5t la vue8 ,la mort s]oit trop d\ce en ces extremitez1 ,mais le scrupule p>le1 et n\s crie1 arretez2 ,il def5d a nos ma9s cet heureux homicide ,et d'un h]os gu]ri]1 fait un ,*reti5 timide1 c4 ,d n imag9e t ,i h translat$ ,%akspe>e 9 a s]vile mann]4 ,woe to ! writ] :o gives a lit]al v]sion2 :o by r5d]+ e ^w ( 8 orig9al1 by t v means en]vates ! s5se1 & ext+ui%es all ! fire ( x4 ,x is on su* an occasion "o may ju/ly affirm1 t ! lett] kills1 b ! ,_s quick5s4 ,"h foll[s ano!r passage copi$ f a celebrat$ tragic writ] among ! ,engli%4 ,x is ,dryd51 a poet 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii4--a writ] ^: g5ius 0 too exub]ant1 & n accompani$ ) judgm5t en\gh4 ,_h he writt5 only a t5? "p ( ! works he left beh9d him1 8 "* w\ld h be5 conspicu\s 9 e "p2 b 8 great fault is 8 hav+ endeav\r$ to be univ]sal4 ,! passage 9 "q is z foll[s3-- ,:5 ,i consid] life1 't is all a *eat1 ,yet fool$ by hope1 m5 fav\r ! deceit2 ,tru/ on & ?9k1 to-morr[ w repay2 ,to-morr['s fals] ?an ! =m] day2 ,lies m2 & :il/ x says we %all be ble/ ,) "s new joy1 cuts (f :at we possess$2 ,/range coz5age6 none w\ld live pa/ ye>s aga91 ,yet all hope pleasure 9 :at yet rema91 ,& f ! dregs ( life ?9k to receive ,:at ! fir/ sprightly runn+ c\ld n give4 ,i'm tir$ ) wait+ = ?is *ymic gold1 ,:i* fools u "y1 & begg>s u :5 old4 ,i %all n[ give y my translation3-- ,de desse9s en regrets et d'erreurs en desirs ,les mortals ins5ses prom55t leur folie4 ,dans des malheurs pres5ts1 dans l'espoir des plaisirs ,n\s ne vivons jamais1 n\s att5dons la vie4 ,dema91 dema91 dit-on1 va combl] t\s nos voeux4 ,dema9 vi5t1 et n\s laisse encore plus malheureux4 ,quelle e/ l'erreur1 helas6 du so9 qui n\s devore1 ,nul de n\s ne v\droit recomm5c] son c\rs4 ,de nos premi]s mom5s n\s maudissons l'aurore1 ,et de la nuit qui vi5t n\s att5dons encore1 ,ce qu'ont en va9 promis les plus beaux de nos j\rs1 c4 ,x is 9 ^! deta*$ passages t ! ,engli% h hi!rto excell$4 ,_! dramatic pieces1 mo/ ( :i* are b>b>\s & )\t decorum1 ord]1 or v]isimilitude1 d>t su* respl5d5t fla%es ?r\gh ?is gleam1 z amaze & a/oni%4 ,! /yle is too mu* inflat$1 too unnatural1 too closely copi$ f ! ,hebrew writ]s1 :o ab\nd s mu* ) ! ,asiatic fu/ian4 ,b !n x mu/ be also confess$ t ! /ilts ( ! figurative /yle1 on :i* ! ,engli% tongue is lift$ up1 raises ! g5ius at ! same "t v f> al(t1 ?\gh ) an irregul> pace4 ,! fir/ ,engli% writ] :o compos$ a regul> trag$y1 & infus$ a _s ( elegance ?r\gh e "p ( x1 0 ! illu/ri\s ,mr4 ,addison4 ,8 ,cato is a ma/]piece1 bo? ) reg>d to ! diction & to ! beauty & h>mony ( ! numb]s4 ,! "* ( ,cato is1 9 my op9ion1 va/ly sup]ior to t ( ,cornelia 9 ! ,pompey ( ,corneille1 = ,cato is great )\t any?+ l fu/ian1 & ,cornelia1 :o besides is n a necess>y "*1 t5ds sometimes to bomba/4 ,mr4 ,addison's ,cato appe>s to me ! greate/ "* t 0 ev] br\ght ^u any /age1 b !n ! re/ ( !m d n correspond to ! dignity ( x1 & ?is dramatic piece1 s excell5tly well writ1 is disfigur$ by a dull love plot1 :i* spreads a c]ta9 languor ov] ! :ole1 t q murd]s x4 ,! cu/om ( introduc+ love at r&om & at any rate 9 ! drama pass$ f ,p>is to ,london ab\t #affj1 ) our ribbons & our p]ruques4 ,! ladies :o adorn ! !atrical circle !re1 9 l mann] z 9 ?is city1 w suff] love only to be ! !me ( e conv]sation4 ,! judici\s ,mr4 ,addison _h ! effem9ate complaisance to s(t5 ! sev]ity ( 8 dramatic "*1 s z to adapt x to ! mann]s ( ! age1 &1 f an endeav\r to please1 q ru9$ a ma/]piece 9 its k9d4 ,s9ce 8 "t ! drama is become m regul>1 ! audi5ce m difficult to be pleas$1 & writ]s m correct & less bold4 ,i h se5 "s new pieces t 7 writt5 ) great regul>ity1 b :i*1 at ! same "t1 7 v flat & insipid4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ! ,engli% _h be5 hi!rto =m$ to produce irregul> beauties only4 ,! %9+ mon/]s ( ,%akspe>e give inf9ite m delight ?an ! judici\s images ( ! mod]ns4 ,hi!rto ! poetical g5ius ( ! ,engli% resembles a tuft$ tree plant$ by ! h& ( ,nature1 t ?r[s out a ?\s& bran*es at r&om1 & spreads unequally1 b ) great vig\r4 ,x dies if y attempt to =ce its nature1 & to lop & dress x 9 ! same mann] z ! trees ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,m>li4 ,,lett] ,,xix4--,,on ,,com$y ,i am surpris$ t ! judici\s & +5i\s ,mr4 de ,muralt1 :o has publi%$ "s lett]s on ! ,engli% & ,fr5* nations1 %\ld h conf9$ himself2 9 treat+ ( com$y1 m]ely to c5sure ,%adwell ! comic writ]4 ,?is au?or 0 _h 9 pretty great contempt 9 ,mr4 de ,muralt's "t1 & 0 n ! poet ( ! polite "p ( ! nation4 ,8 dramatic pieces1 :i* pleas$ "s "t 9 act+1 7 despis$ by all p]sons ( ta/e1 & might be comp>$ to _m plays :i* ,i h se5 9 ,france1 t drew cr[ds to ! playh\se1 at ! same "t t !y 7 intol]able to read2 & ( :i* x might be said1 t ! :ole city ( ,p>is explod$ !m1 & yet all flock$ to see !m repres5t$ on ! /age4 ,me?9ks ,mr4 de ,muralt %\ld h m5tion$ an excell5t comic writ] 7liv+ :5 he 0 9 ,engl&71 ,i mean ,mr4 ,wy*]ley1 :o 0 a long "t kn[n publicly to be happy 9 ! good graces ( ! mo/ celebrat$ mi/ress ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii4 ,?is g5tleman1 :o pass$ 8 life among p]sons ( ! highe/ di/9ction1 0 p]fectly well acqua9t$ ) _! lives & _! follies1 & pa9t$ !m ) ! /ronge/ p5cil1 & 9 ! true/ col\rs4 ,he has drawn a misan?rope or man-hat]1 9 imitation ( t ( ,moli]e4 ,all ,wy*]ley's /rokes are /rong] & bold] ?an ^? ( our misan?rope1 b !n !y are less delicate1 & ! rules ( decorum are n s well obs]v$ 9 ?is play4 ,! ,engli% writ] has correct$ ! only defect t is 9 ,moli]e's com$y1 ! ?9ness ( ! plot1 :i* also is s dispos$ t ! *>act]s 9 x d n en\gh raise our conc]n4 ,! ,engli% com$y affects u1 & ! contrivance ( ! plot is v +5i\s1 b at ! same "t x is too bold = ! ,fr5* mann]s4 ,! fable is ?is3--,a capta9 ( a man-(-w>1 :o is v brave1 op5-he>t$1 & inflam$ ) a _s ( contempt = all mank9d1 has a prud5t1 s9c]e fri5d1 :om he yet is suspici\s (2 & a mi/ress t loves him ) ! utmo/ excess ( passion4 ,! capta9 s f> f return+ h] love1 w n ev5 condesc5d to look ^u h]1 b confides entirely 9 a false fri5d1 :o is ! mo/ wor?less wret* liv+4 ,at ! same "t he has giv5 8 he>t to a creature1 :o is ! greate/ coquette & ! mo/ p]fidi\s ( h] sex1 & he is s cr$ul\s z to be confid5t %e is a ,p5elope1 & 8 false fri5d a ,cato4 ,he emb>ks on bo>d 8 %ip 9 ord] to g & fight ! ,dut*1 hav+ left all 8 money1 8 jewels1 & ev]y?+ he _h 9 ! _w to ?is virtu\s creature1 :om at ! same "t he recomm5ds to ! c>e ( 8 suppos$ fai?ful fri5d4 ,nev]!less ! real man ( hon\r1 :om he suspects s unacc\ntably1 goes on bo>d ! %ip ) him1 & ! mi/ress1 on :om he w\ld n be/[ s mu* z "o glance1 disguises h]self 9 ! habit ( a page1 & is ) him ! :ole voyage1 )\t 8 once kn[+ t %e is ( a sex diff]5t f t %e attempts to pass =1 :i*1 by ! way1 is n ov] natural4 ,! capta9 hav+ bl[n up 8 own %ip 9 an engagem5t1 returns to ,engl& ab&on$ & undone1 accompani$ by 8 page & 8 fri5d1 )\t kn[+ ! fri5d%ip ( ! "o or ! t5d] passion ( ! o!r4 ,imm$iately he goes to ! jewel among wom51 :o he expect$ _h pres]v$ h] fidelity to him & ! treasure he _h left 9 h] h&s4 ,he meets ) h] inde$1 b m>ri$ to ! hone/ knave 9 :om he _h repos$ s mu* confid5ce1 & f9ds %e _h act$ z trea*]\sly ) reg>d to ! casket he _h entru/$ h] )4 ,! capta9 c sc>ce ?9k x possible t a woman ( virtue & hon\r c act s vile a "p2 b to conv9ce him /ill m ( ! reality ( x1 ?is v wor?y lady falls 9 love ) ! little page1 & w =ce him to h] embraces4 ,b z x is requisite ju/ice %\ld be done1 & t 9 a dramatic piece virtue ought to be rew>d$ & vice puni%$1 x is at la/ f\nd t ! capta9 takes 8 page's place1 & lies ) 8 fai?less mi/ress1 cuckolds 8 trea*]\s fri5d1 ?ru/s 8 sword ?r\gh 8 body1 recov]s 8 casket1 & m>ries 8 page4 ,y w obs]ve t ?is play is also l>d$ ) a petulant1 litigi\s old woman 7a relation ( ! capta971 :o is ! mo/ comical "* t 0 ev] br\ght ^u ! /age4 ,wy*]ley has also copi$ f ,moli]e ano!r play1 ( z s+ul> & bold a ca/1 :i* is a k9d ( ,ecole des ,femmes1 or1 ,s*ool = ,m>ri$ ,wom54 ,! pr9cipal "* 9 ?is com$y is "o ,hom]1 a sly =tune hunt]1 & ! t]ror ( all ! ,city husb&s4 ,?is fell[1 9 ord] to play a sur] game1 causes a report to be spread1 t 9 8 la/ illness1 ! surgeons _h f\nd x necess>y to h him made a eunu*4 ,^u 8 appe>+ 9 ?is noble "*1 all ! husb&s 9 t[n flock to him ) _! wives1 & n[ poor ,hom] is only puzzl$ ab\t 8 *oice4 ,h[ev]1 he gives ! pref]5ce p>ticul>ly to a little female peasant1 a v h>mless1 innoc5t creature1 :o enjoys a f9e flu% ( heal?1 & cuckolds h] husb& ) a simplicity t has inf9itely m m]it ?an ! witty malice ( ! mo/ exp]i5c$ ladies4 ,?is play _c inde$ be call$ ! s*ool ( good morals1 b x is c]ta9ly ! s*ool ( wit & true hum\r4 ,sir ,john ,vanbrugh has writt5 sev]al com$ies1 :i* are m humor\s ?an ^? ( ,mr4 ,wy*]ley1 b n s +5i\s4 ,sir ,john 0 a man ( pleasure1 & likewise a poet & an ar*itect4 ,! g5]al op9ion is1 t he is z sprightly 9 8 writ+s z he is heavy 9 8 build+s4 ,x is he :o rais$ ! fam\s ,ca/le ( ,bl5heim1 a pond]\s & la/+ monum5t ( our un=tunate ,battle ( ,ho*/et4 ,7 ! ap>tm5ts b z spaci\s z ! walls are ?ick1 ?is ca/le w\ld be commodi\s en\gh4 ,"s wag1 9 an epitaph he made on ,sir ,john ,vanbrugh1 has ^! l9es3-- ,e>? lie light on him1 = he ,laid _m a heavy load on !e4 ,sir ,john hav+ tak5 a t\r into ,france be=e ! glori\s w> t broke out 9 #agja1 0 ?r[n into ! ,ba/ille1 & deta9$ !re = "s "t1 )\t be+ ev] able to discov] ! motive :i* _h prompt$ our m9i/ry to indulge him ) ?is m>k ( _! di/9ction4 ,he wrote a com$y dur+ 8 conf9em5t2 & a circum/ance :i* appe>s to me v extraord9>y is1 t we don't meet ) s mu* z a s+le satirical /roke aga9/ ! c\ntry 9 :i* he _h be5 s injuri\sly treat$4 ,! late ,mr4 ,congreve rais$ ! glory ( com$y to a great] height ?an any ,engli% writ] be=e or s9ce 8 "t4 ,he wrote only a few plays1 b !y are all excell5t 9 _! k9d4 ,! laws ( ! drama are /rictly obs]v$ 9 !m2 !y ab\nd ) *>act]s all :i* are %ad[$ ) ! utmo/ delicacy1 & we don't meet ) s mu* z "o l[ or co>se je/4 ,! language is ev]y:]e t ( m5 ( hon\r1 b _! actions are ^? ( knaves--a pro( t he 0 p]fectly well acqua9t$ ) human nature1 & frequ5t$ :at we call polite company4 ,he 0 infirm & come to ! v]ge ( life :5 ,i knew him4 ,mr4 ,congreve _h "o defect1 :i* 0 8 ent]ta9+ too mean an idea ( 8 fir/ pr(ession 7t ( a writ]71 ?\gh x 0 to ?is he ow$ 8 fame & =tune4 ,he spoke ( 8 works z ( trifles t 7 b5ea? him2 & h9t$ to me1 9 our fir/ conv]sation1 t ,i %\ld visit him ^u no o!r foot+ ?an t ( a g5tleman :o l$ a life ( pla9ness & simplicity4 ,i answ]$1 t _h he be5 s un=tunate z to be a m]e g5tleman1 ,i %\ld nev] h come to see him2 & ,i 0 v mu* disgu/$ at s unseasonable a piece ( vanity4 ,mr4 ,congreve's com$ies are ! mo/ witty & regul>1 ^? ( ,sir ,john ,vanbrugh mo/ gay & humor\s1 & ^? ( ,mr4 ,wy*]ley h ! greate/ =ce & _s4 ,x may be prop] to obs]ve t ^! f9e g5iuses nev] spoke disadvantage\sly ( ,moli]e2 & t none b ! contemptible writ]s among ! ,engli% h endeav\r$ to less5 ! "* ( t great comic poet4 ,su* ,italian musicians z despise ,lully are !mselves p]sons ( no "* or ability2 b a ,buononc9i e/eems t great arti/1 & does ju/ice to 8 m]it4 ,! ,engli% h "s o!r good comic writ]s liv+1 su* z ,sir ,ri*>d ,/eele & ,mr4 ,cibb]1 :o is an excell5t play]1 & also ,poet ,laureate--a title :i*1 h[ ridicul\s soev] x may be ?\ght1 is yet wor? a ?\s& cr[ns a ye> 7besides "s consid]able privileges7 to ! p]son :o enjoys x4 ,our illu/ri\s ,corneille _h n s mu*4 ,to conclude4 ,don't desire me to desc5d to p>ticul>s ) reg>d to ^! ,engli% com$ies1 :i* ,i am s fond ( applaud+2 nor to give y a s+le sm>t say+ or humor\s /roke f ,wy*]ley or ,congreve4 ,we don't laugh 9 r5d+ a translation4 ,if y h a m9d to und]/& ! ,engli% com$y1 ! only way to d ?is w be = y to g to ,engl&1 to sp5d ?ree ye>s 9 ,london1 to make y\rself ma/] ( ! ,engli% tongue1 & to frequ5t ! playh\se e night4 ,i receive b little pleasure f ! p]usal ( ,ari/ophanes & ,plautus1 & = ?is reason1 because ,i am nei!r a ,greek nor a ,roman4 ,! delicacy ( ! hum\r1 ! allusion1 ! a propos--all ^! are lo/ to a =eign]4 ,b x is diff]5t ) respect to trag$y1 ?is treat+ only ( exalt$ passions & h]oical follies1 :i* ! antiquat$ errors ( fable or hi/ory h made sacr$4 ,o,edipus1 ,electra1 & su*-l *>act]s1 may ) z mu* propriety be treat$ ( by ! ,spani>ds1 ! ,engli%1 or u1 z by ! ,greeks4 ,b true com$y is ! speak+ picture ( ! follies & ridicul\s foibles ( a nation2 s t he only is able to judge ( ! pa9t+ :o is p]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! p x repres5ts4 ,,lett] ,,xx4--,,on ,,su* ,,( ,,! ,,nobility ,,z ,,cultivate ,,! ,,belles ,,lettres ,!re once 0 a "t 9 ,france :5 ! polite arts 7 cultivat$ by p]sons ( ! highe/ rank 9 ! /ate4 ,! c\rti]s p>ticul>ly 7 conv]sant 9 !m1 al?\gh indol5ce1 a ta/e = trifles1 & a passion = intrigue1 7 ! div9ities ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,c\rt me?9ks at ?is "t seems to h giv5 into a ta/e q opposite to t ( polite lit]ature1 b p]haps ! mode ( ?9k+ may be reviv$ 9 a little "t4 ,! ,fr5* are ( s flexible a disposition1 may be m\ld$ into su* a v>iety ( %apes1 t ! mon>* ne$s b comm& & he is imm$iately obey$4 ,! ,engli% g5]ally ?9k1 & le>n+ is _h 9 great] hon\r among !m ?an 9 our c\ntry--an advantage t results naturally f ! =m ( _! gov]nm5t4 ,!re are ab\t eight hundr$ p]sons 9 ,engl& :o h a "r to speak 9 public1 & to support ! int]e/ ( ! k+dom2 & ne> five or six ?\s& may 9 _! turns aspire to ! same hon\r4 ,! :ole nation set !mselves up z judges ov] ^!1 & e man has ! lib]ty ( publi%+ 8 ?\ghts ) reg>d to public affairs1 :i* %[s t all ! p 9 g5]al are indisp5sably oblig$ to cultivate _! und]/&+s4 ,9 ,engl& ! gov]nm5ts ( ,greece & ,rome are ! subject ( e conv]sation1 s t e man is "u a necessity ( p]us+ su* au?ors z treat ( !m1 h[ disagreeable soev] x may be to him2 & ?is /udy leads naturally to t ( polite lit]ature4 ,mank9d 9 g5]al speak well 9 _! respective pr(essions4 ,:at is ! reason :y our magi/rates1 our lawy]s1 our physicians1 & a great numb] ( ! cl]gy1 are abl] s*ol>s1 h a f9] ta/e1 & m wit1 ?an p]sons ( all o!r pr(essions8 ,! reason is1 because _! condition ( life requires a cultivat$ & enlight5$ m9d1 9 ! same mann] z a m]*ant is oblig$ to be acqua9t$ ) 8 traffic4 ,n long s9ce an ,engli% nobleman1 :o 0 v "y1 came to see me at ,p>is on 8 return f ,italy4 ,he _h writt5 a poetical description ( t c\ntry1 :i*1 = delicacy & polit5ess1 may vie ) any?+ we meet ) 9 ! ,e>l ( ,ro*e/]1 or 9 our ,*aulieu1 our ,s>ras91 or ,*apelle4 ,! translation ,i h giv5 ( x is s inexpressive ( ! /r5g? & delicate hum\r ( ! orig9al1 t ,i am oblig$ s]i\sly to ask p>don ( ! au?or & ( all :o und]/& ,engli%4 ,h[ev]1 z ?is is ! only me?od ,i h to make 8 lord%ip's v]ses kn[n1 ,i %all "h pres5t y ) !m 9 our tongue3-- ,qu'ay je donc vu dans l',italie8 ,orgueil1 a/uce1 et pauvrete1 ,gr&s complim5s1 peu de bonte ,et beauc\p de c]emonie4 ,l'extravagante com$ie ,que s\v5t l',inquisition ,v5t qu'on nomme religion ,mais qu'ici n\s nommons folie4 ,la ,nature en va9 bi5faisante ,v5t enri*] ses lieux *>mans1 ,des pretres la ma9 desolante ,et\ffe ses plus beaux pres5s4 ,les monsignors1 soy disant ,gr&s1 ,seuls dans leurs palais magnifiques ,y sont d'illu/res fa9eants1 ,sans arg5t1 et sans dome/iques4 ,p\r les petits1 sans lib]te1 ,m>tyrs du j\g qui les dom9e1 ,ils ont fait voeu de pauvrete1 ,priant ,dieu p> oisivete ,et t\j\rs jeunant p> fam9e4 ,ces beaux lieux du ,pape b5is ,sembl5t habitez p> les diables2 ,et les habitans mis]ables ,sont damnes dans le ,p>adis4 ,,lett] ,,xxi4--,,on ,,! ,,e>l ,,( ,,ro*e/] ,,& ,,mr4 ,,wall] ,! ,e>l ( ,ro*e/]'s "n is univ]sally kn[n4 ,mr4 de ,/4 ,evremont has made v frequ5t m5tion ( him1 b !n he has repres5t$ ?is fam\s nobleman 9 no o!r light ?an z ! man ( pleasure1 z "o :o 0 ! idol ( ! fair2 b1 ) reg>d to myself1 ,i w\ld will+ly describe 9 him ! man ( g5ius1 ! great poet4 ,among o!r pieces :i* display ! %9+ imag9ation1 8 lord%ip only c\ld boa/ he wrote "s satires on ! same subjects z ^? our celebrat$ ,boileau made *oice (4 ,i d n "k any bett] me?od ( improv+ ! ta/e ?an to comp>e ! productions ( su* great g5iuses z h ex]cis$ _! tal5t on ! same subject4 ,boileau declaims z foll[s aga9/ human reason 9 8 ,satire on ,man3 ,cep5dant a le voir ple9 de vapeurs leg]es1 ,soi-meme se b]c] de ses propres *im]es1 ,lui seul de la nature e/ la baze et l'appui1 ,et le dixieme ciel ne t\rne que p\r lui4 ,de t\s les animaux il e/ ici le maitre2 ,qui p\rroit le ni]1 p\rsuis tu8 ,moi peut-etre4 ,ce maitre pret5du qui leur donne des loix1 ,ce roi des animaux1 combi5 a-t'il de rois8 ,yet1 pleas$ ) idle :imsies ( 8 bra91 ,& puff$ ) pride1 ?is haughty ?+ w\ld fa9 ,be ?9k himself ! only /ay & prop ,t holds ! mighty frame ( ,nature up4 ,! skies & />s 8 prop]ties mu/ seem1 99 99 99 ,( all ! creatures he's ! "l1 he cries4 99 99 99 ,& :o is !re1 say y1 t d>es d5y ,s own$ a tru?8 ,t may be1 sir1 d ,i4 99 99 99 ,?is boa/$ mon>* ( ! _w :o awes ,! creatures "h1 & ) 8 nod gives laws ,?is self-nam$ k+1 :o ?us pret5ds to be ,! "l ( all1 h[ _m lords has he8 ,,oldham1 a little alt]$4 ,! ,"l ,ro*e/] expresses himself1 9 8 ,satire aga9/ ,man1 9 pretty ne> ! foll[+ mann]4 ,b ,i mu/ fir/ desire y always to rememb] t ! v]sions ,i give y f ! ,engli% poets are writt5 ) fre$om & latitude1 & t ! re/ra9t ( our v]sification1 & ! delicacies ( ! ,fr5* tongue1 w n all[ a translator to convey into x ! lic5ti\s impetuosity & fire ( ! ,engli% numb]s3-- ,cet esprit que je hais1 cet esprit ple9 d'erreur1 ,ce n'e/ pas ma raison1 c'e/ la ti5ne1 docteur4 ,c'e/ la raison frivole1 inquiete1 orgueilleuse ,des sages animaux1 rivale d$aigneuse1 ,qui croit entr'eux et l',ange1 occup] le milieu1 ,et p5se etre ici bas l'image de son ,dieu4 ,vil atome imp>fait1 qui croit1 d\te1 dispute ,rampe1 s'eleve1 tombe1 et nie encore sa *ute1 ,qui n\s dit je suis libre1 en n\s montrant ses f]s1 ,et dont l'oeil tr\ble et faux1 croit p]c] l'univ]s4 ,allez1 rev]5ds f\s1 bi5heureux fanatiques1 ,compilez bi5 l'amas de vos ri5s s*ola/iques1 ,p]es de visions1 et d'enigmes sacres1 ,auteurs du labir9!1 ou v\s v\s eg>ez4 ,allez obscurem5t eclaircir vos mi/]es1 ,et c\rez dans l'ecole ador] vos *im]es4 ,il e/ d'autres erreurs1 il e/ de ces devots ,condamne p> eux memes a l'ennui du repos4 ,ce my/ique encloitre1 fi] de son indol5ce ,tranquille1 au se9 de ,dieu4 ,que peut il faire8 ,il p5se4 ,non1 tu ne p5ses po9t1 mis]able1 tu dors3 ,inutile a la t]re1 et mis au rang des morts4 ,ton esprit en]ve cr\pit dans la molesse4 ,reveille toi1 sois homme1 et sors de ton ivresse4 ,l'homme e/ ne p\r agir1 et tu pret5s p5s]8 c4 ,! orig9al runs ?us3-- ,hold mighty man1 ,i cry all ?is we "k1 ,& 'tis ?is v reason ,i despise1 ,?is sup]natural gift t makes a mite ,?9k he's ! image ( ! ,inf9ite2 ,comp>+ 8 %ort life1 void ( all re/1 ,to ! et]nal & ! ev] ble/4 ,?is busy1 puzzl+ /irr] up ( d\bt1 ,t frames deep my/]ies1 !n f9ds !m out1 ,fill+1 ) frantic cr[ds ( ?9k+ fools1 ,^? rev]5d b$lams1 colleges1 & s*ools2 ,borne on ^: w+s ea* heavy sot c pi]ce ,! limits ( ! b\ndless univ]se4 ,s *>m+ o9tm5ts make an old wit* fly1 ,& be> a crippl$ c>case ?r\gh ! sky4 ',tis ?is exalt$ p[]1 ^: bus9ess lies ,9 nons5se & impossibilities4 ,?is made a :imsical philosoph] ,be=e ! spaci\s _w 8 tub pref]2 ,& we h mod]n cloi/]$ coxcombs1 :o ,retire to ?9k1 'cause !y h naught to d4 ,b ?\ghts are giv5 = action's gov]nm5t1 ,:]e action ceases1 ?\ght's imp]t95t4 ,:e!r ^! ideas are true or false1 x is c]ta9 !y are express$ ) an en]gy & fire :i* =m ! poet4 ,i %all be v f> f attempt+ to exam9e philosophically into ^! v]ses1 to lay d[n ! p5cil1 & take up ! rule & compass on ?is occasion2 my only design 9 ?is lett] be+ to display ! g5ius ( ! ,engli% poets1 & !re=e ,i %all cont9ue 9 ! same view4 ,! celebrat$ ,mr4 ,wall] has be5 v mu* talk$ ( 9 ,france1 & ,mr4 ,de la ,fonta9e1 ,/4 ,evremont1 & ,bayle h writt5 8 eulogium1 b /ill 8 "n only is kn[n4 ,he _h mu* ! same reputation 9 ,london z ,voiture _h 9 ,p>is1 & 9 my op9ion des]v$ x bett]4 ,voiture 0 born 9 an age t 0 j em]g+ f b>b>ity2 an age t 0 /ill rude & ignorant1 ! p ( :i* aim$ at wit1 ?\gh !y _h n ! lea/ pret5sions to x1 & s\ght = po9ts & conceits in/ead ( s5tim5ts4 ,bri/ol /ones are m easily f\nd ?an diamonds4 ,voiture1 born ) an easy & frivol\s1 g5ius1 0 ! fir/ :o %one 9 ?is aurora ( ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,_h he come into ! _w aft] ^? great g5iuses :o spread su* a glory ov] ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 he w\ld ei!r h be5 unkn[n1 w\ld h be5 despis$1 or w\ld h correct$ 8 /yle4 ,boileau applaud$ him1 b x 0 9 8 fir/ satires1 at a "t :5 ! ta/e ( t great poet 0 n yet =m$4 ,he 0 "y1 & 9 an age :5 p]sons =m a judgm5t ( m5 f _! reputation1 & n f _! writ+s4 ,besides1 ,boileau 0 v p>tial bo? 9 8 encomiums & 8 c5sures4 ,he applaud$ ,segrais1 ^: works nobody reads2 he abus$ ,qu9ault1 ^: poetical pieces e "o has got by he>t2 & is :olly sil5t ^u ,la ,fonta9e4 ,wall]1 ?\gh a bett] poet ?an ,voiture1 0 n yet a f9i%$ poet4 ,! graces brea! 9 su* ( ,wall]'s works z are writ 9 a t5d] /ra92 b !n !y are languid ?r\gh neglig5ce1 & (t5 disfigur$ ) false ?\ghts4 ,! ,engli% _h n 9 8 "t atta9$ ! art ( correct writ+4 ,b 8 s]i\s compositions exhibit a /r5g? & vig\r :i* c\ld n h be5 expect$ f ! s(tness & effem9acy ( 8 o!r pieces4 ,he wrote an elegy on ,oliv] ,cromwell1 :i*1 ) all its faults1 is nev]!less look$ ^u z a ma/]piece4 ,to und]/& ?is copy ( v]ses y are to "k t ! day ,oliv] di$ 0 rem>kable = a great /orm4 ,8 poem beg9s 9 ?is mann]3-- ,il n'e/ plus1 s'en e/ fait1 s\mettons n\s au sort1 ,le ciel a signale ce j\r p> des tempetes1 ,et la voix des tonn]res eclatant sur nos tetes ,vi5t d'annonc] sa mort4 ,p> ses d]ni]s s\pirs il ebranle cet ile2 ,cet ile que son bras fit trembl] tant de fois1 ,qu& dans le c\rs de ses exploits1 ,il brisoit la tete des ,rois1 ,et s\mettoit un peuple a son j\g seul docile4 ,m] tu t'en es tr\ble2 ,o m] tes flots emus ,sembl5t dire en grondant aux plus lo9ta9s rivages ,que l'effroi de la t]re et ton maitre n'e/ plus4 ,tel au ciel autrefois s'envola ,romulus1 ,tel il quitta la ,t]re1 au milieu des orages1 ,tel d'un peuple gu]ri] il recut les homages2 ,obei dans sa vie1 sa mort adore1 ,son palais fut un ,temple1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we mu/ resign6 heav5 8 great s\l does claim ,9 /orms z l\d z 8 immortal fame2 ,8 dy+ groans1 8 la/ brea? %akes our isle1 ,& trees uncut fall = 8 fun]al pile3 ,ab\t 8 palace _! broad roots are to/ ,into ! air2 s ,romulus 0 lo/6 ,new ,rome 9 su* a tempe/ miss$ h] k+1 ,& f obey+ fell to wor%ipp+4 ,on ,o,eta's top ?us ,h]cules lay dead1 ,) ru9$ oaks & p9es ab\t him spread4 ,nature h]self took notice ( 8 dea?1 ,&1 sigh+1 swell$ ! sea ) su* a brea?1 ,t to remote/ %ores ! bill[s roll$1 ,?' approa*+ fate ( 8 great rul] told4 ,,wall]4 ,x 0 ?is elogium t gave occasion to ! reply 7tak5 notice ( 9 ,bayle's ,diction>y71 :i* ,wall] made to ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii4 ,?is k+1 to :om ,wall] _h a little be=e 7z is usual ) b>ds & mon>*s7 pres5t$ a copy ( v]ses embroid]$ ) praises1 reproa*$ ! poet = n writ+ ) s mu* en]gy & fire z :5 he _h applaud$ ! ,usurp] 7mean+ ,oliv]74 ,sir1 repli$ ,wall] to ! k+1 we poets succe$ bett] 9 fiction ?an 9 tru?4 ,?is answ] 0 n s s9c]e z t :i* a ,dut* ambassador made1 :o1 :5 ! same mon>* compla9$ t 8 ma/]s paid less reg>d to him ?an !y _h done to ,cromwell4 ,ah1 sir6 says ! ,ambassador1 ,oliv] 0 q ano!r man-- ,x is n my int5t to give a comm5t>y on ,wall]'s "*1 nor on t ( any o!r p]son2 = ,i consid] m5 aft] _! dea? 9 no o!r light ?an z !y 7 writ]s1 & :olly disreg>d ev]y?+ else4 ,i %all only obs]ve t ,wall]1 ?\gh born 9 a c\rt1 & to an e/ate ( five or six ?\s& p\nds /]l+ a ye>1 0 nev] s pr\d or s indol5t z to lay aside ! happy tal5t :i* ,nature _h indulg$ him4 ,! ,e>ls ( ,dorset & ,roscommon1 ! two ,dukes ( ,buck+ham1 ! ,"l ,halifax1 & s _m o!r noblem51 did n ?9k ! reputation !y obta9$ ( v great poets & illu/ri\s writ]s1 any way d]ogatory to _! quality4 ,!y are m glori\s = _! works ?an = _! titles4 ,^! cultivat$ ! polite arts ) z mu* assiduity z ?\gh !y _h be5 _! :ole dep5d5ce4 ,!y also h made le>n+ appe> v5]able 9 ! eyes ( ! vulg>1 :o h ne$ to be l$ 9 all ?+s by ! great2 & :o1 nev]!less1 fa%ion _! mann]s less aft] ^? ( ! nobility 79 ,engl& ,i mean7 ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,,lett] ,,xxii4--,,on ,,mr4 ,,pope ,,& ,,"s ,,o!r ,,fam\s ,,poets ,i int5d$ to treat ( ,mr4 ,prior1 "o ( ! mo/ amiable ,engli% poets1 :om y saw ,pl5ipot5ti>y & ,envoy ,extraord9>y at ,p>is 9 #agab4 ,i also design$ to h giv5 y "s idea ( ! ,"l ,roscommon's & ! ,"l ,dorset's muse2 b ,i f9d t to d ?is ,i %\ld be oblig$ to write a l>ge volume1 & t1 aft] mu* pa9s & tr\ble1 y w\ld h b an imp]fect idea ( all ^? works4 ,poetry is a k9d ( music 9 :i* a man %\ld h "s k be=e he pret5ds to judge ( x4 ,:5 ,i give y a translation ( "s passages f ^? =eign poets1 ,i only prick d[n1 & t imp]fectly1 _! music2 b !n ,i _c express ! ta/e ( _! h>mony4 ,!re is "o ,engli% poem especially :i* ,i %\ld despair ( ev] mak+ y und]/&1 ! title :]e( is ,hudibras4 ,! subject ( x is ! ,civil ,w> 9 ! "t ( ! gr& rebellion1 & ! pr9ciples & practice ( ! ,puritans are !re9 ridicul$4 ,x is ,don ,quixote1 x is our ,satire ,m5ippee bl5d$ toge!r4 ,i nev] f\nd s mu* wit 9 "o s+le book z 9 t1 :i* at ! same "t is ! mo/ difficult to be translat$4 ,:o w\ld believe t a "w :i* pa9ts 9 su* lively & natural col\rs ! sev]al foibles & follies ( mank9d1 & :]e we meet ) m s5tim5ts ?an words1 %\ld baffle ! endeav\rs ( ! able/ translator8 ,b ! reason ( ?is is1 almo/ e "p ( x alludes to p>ticul> incid5ts4 ,! cl]gy are !re made ! pr9cipal object ( ridicule1 :i* is und]/ood b by few among ! laity4 ,to expla9 ?is a comm5t>y w\ld be requisite1 & hum\r :5 expla9$ is no long] hum\r4 ,:oev] sets up = a comm5tator ( sm>t say+s & rep>tees is himself a blockhead4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! works ( ! +5i\s ,dean ,swift1 :o has be5 call$ ! ,engli% ,rabelais1 w nev] be well und]/ood 9 ,france4 ,?is g5tleman has ! hon\r 79 common ) ,rabelais7 ( be+ a prie/1 &1 l him1 laughs at ev]y?+2 b1 9 my humble op9ion1 ! title ( ! ,engli% ,rabelais :i* is giv5 ! dean is highly d]ogatory to 8 g5ius4 ,! =m] has int]sp]s$ 8 unacc\ntably- fanta/ic & un9telligible book ) ! mo/ gay /rokes ( hum\r2 b :i*1 at ! same "t1 has a great] proportion ( imp]t95ce4 ,he has be5 va/ly lavi% ( erudition1 ( smut1 & insipid raill]y4 ,an agreeable tale ( two pages is pur*as$ at ! exp5se ( :ole volumes ( nons5se4 ,!re are b few p]sons1 & ^? ( a grotesque ta/e1 :o pret5d to und]/& & to e/eem ?is "w2 =1 z to ! re/ ( ! nation1 !y laugh at ! pleasant & div]t+ t\*es :i* are f\nd 9 ,rabelais & despise 8 book4 ,he is look$ ^u z ! pr9ce ( buffoons4 ,! read]s are vex$ to ?9k t a man :o 0 ma/] ( s mu* wit %\ld h made s wret*$ a use ( x2 he is an intoxicat$ philosoph] :o nev] wrote b :5 he 0 9 liquor4 ,dean ,swift is ,rabelais 9 8 s5ses1 & frequ5t+ ! polite/ company4 ,! =m]1 inde$1 is n s gay z ! latt]1 b !n he possesses all ! delicacy1 ! ju/ness1 ! *oice1 ! good ta/e1 9 all :i* p>ticul>s our giggl+ rural ,vic> ,rabelais is want+4 ,! poetical numb]s ( ,dean ,swift are ( a s+ul> & almo/ inimitable ta/e2 true hum\r1 :e!r 9 prose or v]se1 seems to be 8 peculi> tal5t2 b :oev] is desir\s ( und]/&+ him p]fectly mu/ visit ! isl& 9 :i* he 0 born4 ,x w be mu* easi] = y to =m an idea ( ,mr4 ,pope's works4 ,he is1 9 my op9ion1 ! mo/ elegant1 ! mo/ correct poet2 &1 at ! same "t1 ! mo/ h>moni\s 7a circum/ance :i* r$\nds v mu* to ! hon\r ( ?is muse7 t ,engl& ev] gave bir? to4 ,he has mell[$ ! h>% s\nds ( ! ,engli% trumpet to ! s(t acc5ts ( ! flute4 ,8 compositions may be easily translat$1 because !y are va/ly cle> & p]spicu\s2 besides1 mo/ ( 8 subjects are g5]al1 & relative to all nations4 ,8 ,essay on ,criticism w soon be kn[n 9 ,france by ! translation :i* l',abbe de ,resnel has made ( x4 ,"h is an extract f 8 poem entitl$ ! ,rape ( ! ,lock1 :i* ,i j n[ translat$ ) ! latitude ,i usually take on ^! occasions2 =1 once aga91 no?+ c be m ridicul\s ?an to translate a poet lit]ally3-- ,umbriel1 a l'in/ant1 vieil gnome re*igne1 ,va d'une aile pesante et d'un air r5frogne ,*]*] en murmurant la cav]ne pr(onde1 ,ou lo9 des d\x raions que rep& l'oeil du monde ,la ,deesse aux ,vapeurs a *oisi son sej\r1 ,les ,tri/es ,aquilons y siffl5t a l'ent\r1 ,et le s\ffle mal sa9 de leur aride hale9e ,y porte aux environs la fievre et la migra9e4 ,sur un ri*e s(a d]ri]e un p>av5t ,lo9 des flambeaux1 du bruit1 des p>leurs et du v5t1 ,la qu9teuse deesse incessamm5t repose1 ,le coeur gros de *agr91 sans en savoir la cause4 ,n'aiant p5se jamais1 l'esprit t\j\rs tr\ble1 ,l'oeil *>ge1 le te9t pale1 et l'hypocondre enfle4 ,la m$isante ,envie1 e/ assise aupres d'elle1 ,vieil spectre fem991 decrepite pucelle1 ,avec un air devot de*irant son pro*a91 ,et *ansonnant les ,g5s l',evangile a la ma94 ,sur un lit ple9 de fleurs negligemm5t pan*ee ,une jeune beaute non lo9 d'elle e/ c\*ee1 ,c'e/ l',affectation qui grassaie en p>lant1 ,ec\te sans ent5dre1 et lorgne en reg>dant4 ,qui r\git sans pudeur1 et rit de t\t sans joie1 ,de c5t maux diff]5s pret5d qu'elle e/ la proie2 ,et ple9e de sante s\s le r\ge et le f>d1 ,se pla9t avec molesse1 et se pame avec art4 ,umbriel1 a dusky1 melan*oly sprite ,z ev] sulli$ ! fair face ( light1 ,d[n to ! c5tral e>?1 8 prop] sc5e1 ,repairs to se>* ! gloomy cave ( ,sple54 ,swift on 8 sooty p9ions flits ! gnome1 ,& 9 a vap\r rea*$ ! dismal dome4 ,no *e]ful breeze ?is sull5 region kn[s1 ,! dread$ ea/ is all ! w9d t bl[s4 ,"h1 9 a grotto1 %elt]$ close f air1 ,& scre5$ 9 %ades f day's dete/$ gl>e1 ,%e sighs = ev] on h] p5sive b$1 ,pa9 at h] side1 & ,megrim at h] head1 ,two h&maids wait ! ?rone4 ,alike 9 place1 ,b diff]+ f> 9 figure & 9 face1 ,"h /ood ,ill-nature1 l an anci5t maid1 ,h] wr9kl$ =m 9 black & :ite array$2 ,) /ore ( pray]s = morn+s1 nights1 & noons1 ,h] h& is fill$2 h] bosom ) lampoons4 ,!re ,affectation1 ) a sickly mi51 ,%[s 9 h] *eek ! roses ( eighte51 ,practis$ to lisp1 & hang ! head aside1 ,fa9ts into airs1 & langui%es ) pride2 ,on ! ri* quilt s9ks ) becom+ woe1 ,wrapt 9 a g[n1 = sickness & = %[4 ,?is extract1 9 ! orig9al 7n 9 ! fa9t translation ,i h giv5 y ( x71 may be comp>$ to ! description ( la ,molesse 7s(tness or effem9acy71 9 ,boileau's ,lutr94 ,me?9ks ,i n[ h giv5 y specim5s en\gh f ! ,engli% poets4 ,i h made "s transi5t m5tion ( _! philosoph]s1 b z = good hi/orians among !m1 ,i don't "k ( any2 &1 inde$1 a ,fr5*man 0 =c$ to write _! hi/ory4 ,possibly ! ,engli% g5ius1 :i* is ei!r languid or impetu\s1 has n yet acquir$ t unaffect$ eloqu5ce1 t pla9 b maje/ic air :i* hi/ory requires4 ,possibly too1 ! _s ( p>ty :i* exhibits objects 9 a dim & confus$ light may h sunk ! cr$it ( _! hi/orians4 ,"o half ( ! nation is always at v>iance ) ! o!r half4 ,i h met ) p :o assur$ me t ! ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh 0 a c[>d1 & t ,mr4 ,pope 0 a fool2 j z "s ,jesuits 9 ,france decl>e ,pascal to h be5 a man ( little or no g5ius1 & "s ,jans5i/s affirm ,fa!r ,b\rdal\e to h be5 a m]e babbl]4 ,! ,jacobites consid] ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots z a pi\s h]o9e1 b ^? ( an opposite p>ty look ^u h] z a pro/itute1 an adult]ess1 a murd]]4 ,?us ! ,engli% h memorials ( ! sev]al reigns1 b no su* ?+ z a hi/ory4 ,!re is1 inde$1 n[ liv+1 "o ,mr4 ,gordon 7! public are oblig$ to him = a translation ( ,tacitus71 :o is v capable ( writ+ ! hi/ory ( 8 own c\ntry1 b ,rap9 de ,?oyras got ! />t ( him4 ,to conclude1 9 my op9ion ! ,engli% h n su* good hi/orians z ! ,fr5* h no su* ?+ z a real trag$y1 h sev]al delightful com$ies1 "s wond]ful passages 9 c]ta9 ( _! poems1 & boa/ ( philosoph]s t are wor?y ( in/ruct+ mank9d4 ,! ,engli% h reap$ v great b5efit f ! writ]s ( our nation1 & !re=e we ought 7s9ce !y h n scrupl$ to be 9 our debt7 to borr[ f !m4 ,bo? ! ,engli% & we came aft] ! ,italians1 :o h be5 our in/ructors 9 all ! arts1 & :om we h surpass$ 9 "s4 ,i _c det]m9e :i* ( ! ?ree nations ought to be hon\r$ ) ! palm2 b happy ! writ] :o c\ld display _! v>i\s m]its4 ,,lett] ,,xxiii4--,,on ,,! ,,reg>d ,,t ,,ought ,,to ,,be ,,%[n ,,to ,,m5 ,,( ,,lett]s ,nei!r ! ,engli% nor any o!r p h f\ndations e/abli%$ 9 fav\r ( ! polite arts l ^? 9 ,france4 ,!re are ,univ]sities 9 mo/ c\ntries1 b x is 9 ,france only t we meet ) s b5eficial an enc\ragem5t = a/ronomy & all p>ts ( ! ma!matics1 = physic1 = rese>*es into antiquity1 = pa9t+1 sculpture1 & ar*itecture4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 has immortalis$ 8 "n by ^! sev]al f\ndations1 & ?is immortality did n co/ him two hundr$ ?\s& livres a ye>4 ,i mu/ confess t "o ( ! ?+s ,i v mu* wond] at is1 t z ! ,p>liam5t ( ,great ,brita9 h promis$ a rew>d ( #bj1jjj p\nds /]l+ to any p]son :o may discov] ! longitude1 !y %\ld nev] h once ?\ght to imitate ,l\is ,,xiv4 9 8 munific5ce ) reg>d to ! arts & sci5ces4 ,m]it1 inde$1 meets 9 ,engl& ) rew>ds ( ano!r k9d1 :i* r$\nd m to ! hon\r ( ! nation4 ,! ,engli% h s great a v5]ation = exalt$ tal5ts1 t a man ( m]it 9 _! c\ntry is always sure ( mak+ 8 =tune4 ,mr4 ,addison 9 ,france w\ld h be5 elect$ a memb] ( "o ( ! academies1 &1 by ! cr$it ( "s wom51 might h obta9$ a ye>ly p5sion ( twelve hundr$ livres1 or else might h be5 imprison$ 9 ! ,ba/ile1 ^u pret5ce t c]ta9 /rokes 9 8 trag$y ( ,cato _h be5 discov]$ :i* glanc$ at ! port] ( "s man 9 p[]4 ,mr4 ,addison 0 rais$ to ! po/ ( ,secret>y ( ,/ate 9 ,engl&4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton 0 made ,ma/] ( ! ,royal ,m9t4 ,mr4 ,congreve _h a consid]able employm5t4 ,mr4 ,prior 0 ,pl5ipot5ti>y4 ,dr4 ,swift is ,dean ( ,/4 ,patrick 9 ,dubl91 & is m rev]$ 9 ,irel& ?an ! ,primate himself4 ,! religion :i* ,mr4 ,pope pr(esses excludes him1 inde$1 f pref]m5ts ( e k9d1 b !n x did n prev5t 8 ga9+ two hundr$ ?\s& livres by 8 excell5t translation ( ,hom]4 ,i myself saw a long "t 9 ,france ! au?or ( ,rhadami/us ready to p]i% = hung]4 ,& ! son ( "o ( ! greate/ m5 our c\ntry ev] gave bir? to1 & :o 0 beg9n+ to run ! noble c>e] :i* 8 fa!r _h set him1 w\ld h be5 r$uc$ to ! extremes ( mis]y _h he n be5 patronis$ by ,monsieur ,fagon4 ,b ! circum/ance :i* mo/ly enc\rages ! arts 9 ,engl& is ! great v5]ation :i* is paid !m4 ,! picture ( ! ,prime ,m9i/] hangs ov] ! *imney ( 8 own closet1 b ,i h se5 t ( ,mr4 ,pope 9 tw5ty noblem5's h\ses4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton 0 rev]$ 9 8 lifetime1 & _h a due respect paid to him aft] 8 dea?2 ! greate/ m5 9 ! nation disput+ :o %\ld h ! hon\r ( hold+ up 8 pall4 ,g into ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 & y w f9d t :at raises ! admiration ( ! spectator is n ! mausoleums ( ! ,engli% k+s1 b ! monum5ts :i* ! gratitude ( ! nation has erect$ to p]petuate ! memory ( ^? illu/ri\s m5 :o contribut$ to its glory4 ,we view _! /atues 9 t abbey 9 ! same mann] z ^? ( ,sophocles1 ,plato1 & o!r immortal p]sonages 7 view$ 9 ,a!ns2 & ,i am p]suad$ t ! b>e sight ( ^? glori\s monum5ts has fir$ m ?an "o brea/1 & be5 ! occasion ( _! becom+ great m54 ,! ,engli% h ev5 be5 reproa*$ ) pay+ too extravagant hon\rs to m]e m]it1 & c5sur$ = int]r+ ! celebrat$ actress ,mrs4 ,oldfield 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ) almo/ ! same pomp z ,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,"s pret5d t ! ,engli% _h paid h] ^! great fun]al hon\rs1 purposely to make u m /rongly s5sible ( ! b>b>ity & inju/ice :i* !y object to u1 = hav+ buri$ ,mademoiselle ,le ,c\vreur ignom9i\sly 9 ! fields4 ,b be assur$ f me1 t ! ,engli% 7 prompt$ by no o!r pr9ciple 9 bury+ ,mrs4 ,oldfield 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey ?an _! good s5se4 ,!y are f> f be+ s ridicul\s z to br& ) infamy an art :i* has immortalis$ a ,euripides & a ,sophocles2 or to exclude f ! body ( _! citiz5s a set ( p ^: bus9ess is to set (f ) ! utmo/ grace ( spee* & action ^? pieces :i* ! nation is pr\d (4 ,"u ! reign ( ,*>les ,i4 & 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! civil w>s rais$ by a numb] ( rigid fanatics1 :o at la/ 7 ! victims to x2 a great _m pieces 7 publi%$ aga9/ !atrical & o!r %[s1 :i* 7 attack$ ) ! great] virul5ce because t mon>* & 8 que51 daught] to ,h5ry ,i4 ( ,france1 7 passionately fond ( !m4 ,"o ,mr4 ,prynne1 a man ( mo/ furi\sly scrupul\s pr9ciples1 :o w\ld h ?\ght himself damn$ _h he worn a cassock in/ead ( a %ort cloak1 & h be5 glad to see "o-half ( mank9d cut ! o!r to pieces = ! glory ( ,god1 & ! ,propag&a ,fide2 took x into 8 head to write a mo/ wret*$ satire aga9/ "s pretty good com$ies1 :i* 7 exhibit$ v innoc5tly e night be=e _! maje/ies4 ,he quot$ ! au?ority ( ! ,rabbis1 & "s passages f ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 to prove t ! ,o,edipus ( ,sophocles 0 ! "w ( ! evil _s2 t ,t]5ce 0 excommunicat$ ipso facto2 & add$1 t d\btless ,brutus1 :o 0 a v sev]e ,jans5i/1 assass9at$ ,julius ,caes> = no o!r reason b because he1 :o 0 ,pontifex ,maximus1 presum$ to write a trag$y ! subject ( :i* 0 ,o,edipus4 ,la/ly1 he decl>$ t all :o frequ5t$ ! !atre 7 excommunicat$1 z !y !reby r5\nc$ _! baptism4 ,?is 0 ca/+ ! highe/ insult on ! k+ & all ! royal family2 & z ! ,engli% lov$ _! pr9ce at t "t1 !y c\ld n be> to he> a writ] talk ( excommunicat+ him1 ?\gh !y !mselves aft]w>ds cut 8 head (f4 ,prynne 0 summon$ to appe> be=e ! ,/> ,*amb]2 8 wond]ful book1 f :i* ,fa!r ,le ,brun /ole 81 0 s5t5c$ to be burnt by ! common hangman1 & himself to lose 8 e>s4 ,8 trial is n[ extant4 ,! ,italians are f> f attempt+ to ca/ a blemi% on ! op]a1 or to excommunicate ,signor ,s5es9o or ,signora ,cuzzoni4 ,) reg>d to myself1 ,i c\ld presume to wi% t ! magi/rates w\ld suppress ,i "k n :at contemptible pieces writt5 aga9/ ! /age4 ,= :5 ! ,engli% & ,italians he> t we br& ) ! greate/ m>k ( infamy an art 9 :i* we excel2 t we excommunicate p]sons :o receive sal>ies f ! k+2 t we condemn z impi\s a spectacle exhibit$ 9 conv5ts & mona/]ies2 t we di%on\r sports 9 :i* ,l\is ,,xiv4 & ,l\is ,,xv41 p]=m$ z actors2 t we give ! title ( ! devil's works to pieces :i* are receiv$ by magi/rates ( ! mo/ sev]e "*1 & repres5t$ be=e a virtu\s que52 :51 ,i say1 =eign]s are told ( ?is insol5t conduct1 ?is contempt = ! royal au?ority1 & ?is ,go?ic ru/icity :i* "s presume to call ,*ri/ian sev]ity1 :at an idea mu/ !y ent]ta9 ( our nation8 ,& h[ w x be possible = !m to conceive1 ei!r t our laws give a sanction to an art :i* is decl>$ infam\s1 or t "s p]sons d>e to /amp ) infamy an art :i* receives a sanction f ! laws1 is rew>d$ by k+s1 cultivat$ & enc\rag$ by ! greate/ m51 & admir$ by :ole nations8 ,& t ,fa!r ,le ,brun's imp]t95t libel aga9/ ! /age is se5 9 a booksell]'s %op1 /&+ ! v next to ! immortal lab\rs ( ,rac9e1 ( ,corneille1 ( ,moli]e1 c4 ,,lett] ,,xxiv4--,,on ,,! ,,royal ,,society ,,& ,,o!r ,,academies ,! ,engli% _h an ,academy ( ,sci5ces _m ye>s be=e u1 b !n x is n "u su* prud5t regulations z ours1 ! only reason ( :i* v possibly is1 because x 0 f\nd$ be=e ! ,academy ( ,p>is2 = _h x be5 f\nd$ aft]1 x w\ld v probably h adopt$ "s ( ! sage laws ( ! =m] & improv$ ^u o!rs4 ,two ?+s1 & ^? ! mo/ ess5tial to man1 are want+ 9 ! ,royal ,society ( ,london1 ,i mean rew>ds & laws4 ,a seat 9 ! ,academy at ,p>is is a small b secure =tune to a geometrician or a *emi/2 b ?is is s f> f be+ ! case at ,london1 t ! sev]al memb]s ( ! ,royal ,society are at a cont9ual1 ?\gh inde$ small exp5se4 ,any man 9 ,engl& :o decl>es himself a lov] ( ! ma!matics & natural philosophy1 & expresses an incl9ation to be a memb] ( ! ,royal ,society1 is imm$iately elect$ into x4 ,b 9 ,france x is n en\gh t a man :o aspires to ! hon\r ( be+ a memb] ( ! ,academy1 & ( receiv+ ! royal /ip5d1 has a love = ! sci5ces2 he mu/ at ! same "t be deeply skill$ 9 !m2 & is oblig$ to dispute ! seat ) competitors :o are s mu* ! m =midable z !y are fir$ by a pr9ciple ( glory1 by int]e/1 by ! difficulty itself2 & by t inflexibility ( m9d :i* is g5]ally f\nd 9 ^? :o devote !mselves to t p]t9aci\s /udy1 ! ma!matics4 ,! ,academy ( ,sci5ces is prud5tly conf9$ to ! /udy ( ,nature1 &1 inde$1 ?is is a field spaci\s en\gh = fifty or ?reescore p]sons to range 94 ,t ( ,london mixes indiscrim9ately lit]ature ) physics2 b me?9ks ! f\nd+ an academy m]ely = ! polite arts is m judici\s1 z x prev5ts confusion1 & ! jo9+1 9 "s measure1 ( het]og5eals1 su* z a diss]tation on ! head-dresses ( ! ,roman ladies ) a hundr$ or m new curves4 ,z !re is v little ord] & regul>ity 9 ! ,royal ,society1 & n ! lea/ enc\ragem5t2 & t ! ,academy ( ,p>is is on a q diff]5t foot1 x is no wond] t our transactions are drawn up 9 a m j & beautiful mann] ?an ^? ( ! ,engli%4 ,soldi]s :o are "u a regul> discipl9e1 & besides well paid1 mu/ necess>ily at la/ p]=m m glori\s a*ievem5ts ?an o!rs :o are m]e volunte]s4 ,x mu/ inde$ be confess$ t ! ,royal ,society boa/ _! ,newton1 b !n he did n owe 8 k & discov]ies to t body2 s f> f x1 t ! latt] 7 intelligible to v few ( 8 fell[ memb]s4 ,a g5ius l t ( ,sir ,isaac belong$ to all ! academies 9 ! _w1 because all _h a ?\s& ?+s to le>n ( him4 ,! celebrat$ ,dean ,swift =m$ a design1 9 ! latt] end ( ! late ,que5's reign1 to f\nd an academy = ! ,engli% tongue ^u ! model ( t ( ! ,fr5*4 ,?is project 0 promot$ by ! late ,e>l ( ,ox=d1 ,"l ,high ,treasur]1 & mu* m by ! ,"l ,bol+broke1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 :o _h ! happy tal5t ( speak+ )\t prem$itation 9 ! ,p>liam5t ,h\se ) z mu* purity z ,dean ,swift wrote 9 8 closet1 & :o w\ld h be5 ! ornam5t & protector ( t academy4 ,^? only w\ld h be5 *os5 memb]s ( x ^: works w la/ z long z ! ,engli% tongue1 su* z ,dean ,swift1 ,mr4 ,prior1 :om we saw "h inve/$ ) a public "*1 & ^: fame 9 ,engl& is equal to t ( ,la ,fonta9e 9 ,france2 ,mr4 ,pope1 ! ,engli% ,boileau1 ,mr4 ,congreve1 :o may be call$ _! ,moli]e1 & sev]al o!r em95t p]sons ^: names ,i h =got2 all ^! w\ld h rais$ ! glory ( t body to a great height ev5 9 its infancy4 ,b ,que5 ,anne be+ snat*$ sudd5ly f ! _w1 ! ,:igs 7 resolv$ to ru9 ! protectors ( ! int5d$ academy1 a circum/ance t 0 ( ! mo/ fatal consequ5ce to polite lit]ature4 ,! memb]s ( ?is academy w\ld h _h a v great advantage ov] ^? :o fir/ =m$ t ( ! ,fr5*1 = ,swift1 ,prior1 ,congreve1 ,dryd51 ,pope1 ,addison1 c4 _h fix$ ! ,engli% tongue by _! writ+s2 :]eas ,*apela91 ,colletet1 ,cassaigne1 ,f>et1 ,p]r91 ,cot91 our fir/ academicians1 7 a disgrace to _! c\ntry2 & s mu* ridicule is n[ atta*$ to _! v names1 t if an au?or ( "s g5ius 9 ?is age _h ! mis=tune to be call$ ,*apela9 or ,cot91 he w\ld be "u a necessity ( *ang+ 8 "n4 ,"o circum/ance1 to :i* ! ,engli% ,academy %\ld especially h att5d$1 is to h prescrib$ to !mselves occupations ( a q diff]5t k9d f ^? ) :i* our academicians amuse !mselves4 ,a wit ( ?is c\ntry ask$ me = ! memoirs ( ! ,fr5* ,academy4 ,i answ]$1 !y h no memoirs1 b h pr9t$ ?reescore or f\rscore volumes 9 qu>to ( complim5ts4 ,! g5tleman p]us$ "o or two ( !m1 b )\t be+ able to und]/& ! /yle 9 :i* !y 7 writt51 ?\gh he und]/ood all our good au?ors p]fectly4 ,all1 says he1 ,i see 9 ^! elegant disc\rses is1 t ! memb] elect hav+ assur$ ! audi5ce t 8 pr$ecessor 0 a great man1 t ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu 0 a v great man1 t ! ,*ancellor ,segui] 0 a pretty great man1 t ,l\is ,,xiv4 0 a m ?an great man1 ! director answ]s 9 ! v same /ra91 & adds1 t ! memb] elect may also be a sort ( great man1 & t himself1 9 quality ( director1 mu/ also h "s %>e 9 ?is greatness4 ,! cause :y all ^! academical disc\rses h unhappily done s little hon\r to ?is body is evid5t en\gh4 ,vitium e/ temporis potius quam hom9is 7! fault is ow+ to ! age r ?an to p>ticul> p]sons74 ,x grew up ins5sibly into a cu/om = e academician to repeat ^! elogiums at 8 reception2 x 0 laid d[n z a k9d ( law t ! public %\ld be indulg$ f "t to "t ! sull5 satisfaction ( yawn+ ov] ^! productions4 ,if ! reason %\ld aft]w>ds be s\ght1 :y ! greate/ g5iuses :o h be5 incorporat$ into t body h sometimes made ! wor/ spee*es1 ,i answ]1 t x is :olly ow+ to a /rong prop5sion1 ! g5tlem5 9 "q _h to %9e1 & to display a ?read-b>e1 worn-out subject 9 a new & uncommon light4 ,! necessity ( say+ some?+1 ! p]plexity ( hav+ no?+ to say1 & a desire ( be+ witty1 are ?ree circum/ances :i* alone are capable ( mak+ ev5 ! greate/ writ] ridicul\s4 ,^! g5tlem51 n be+ able to /rike out any new ?\ghts1 hunt$ aft] a new play ( words1 & deliv]$ !mselves )\t ?9k+ at all3 9 l mann] z p :o %\ld seem to *ew ) great eag]ness1 & make z ?\gh !y 7 eat+1 at ! same "t t !y 7 j />v$4 ,x is a law 9 ! ,fr5* ,academy1 to publi% all ^? disc\rses by :i* only !y are kn[n1 b !y %\ld r make a law nev] to pr9t any ( !m4 ,b ! ,academy ( ! ,belles ,lettres h a m prud5t & m useful object1 :i* is1 to pres5t ! public ) a collection ( transactions t ab\nd ) curi\s rese>*es & critiques4 ,^! transactions are already e/eem$ by =eign]s2 & x 7 only to be wi%$ t "s subjects 9 !m _h be5 m ?or\ghly exam9$1 & t o!rs _h n be5 treat$ at all4 ,z1 = in/ance1 we %\ld h be5 v well satisfi$1 _h !y omitt$ ,i "k n :at diss]tation on ! pr]ogative ( ! "r h& ov] ! left2 & "s o!rs1 :i*1 ?\gh n publi%$ "u s ridicul\s a title1 are yet writt5 on subjects t are almo/ z frivol\s & silly4 ,! ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 9 su* ( _! rese>*es z are ( a m difficult k9d & a m s5sible use1 embrace ! k ( nature & ! improvem5ts ( ! arts4 ,we may presume t su* pr(\nd1 su* un9t]rupt$ pursuits z ^!1 su* exact calculations1 su* ref9$ discov]ies1 su* ext5sive & exalt$ views1 w1 at la/1 produce some?+ t may prove ( advantage to ! univ]se4 ,hi!rto1 z we h obs]v$ toge!r1 ! mo/ useful discov]ies h be5 made 9 ! mo/ b>b>\s times4 ,"o w\ld conclude t ! bus9ess ( ! mo/ enlight5$ ages & ! mo/ le>n$ bodies1 is1 to argue & debate on ?+s :i* 7 inv5t$ by ignorant p4 ,we "k exactly ! angle :i* ! sail ( a %ip is to make ) ! keel 9 ord] to its sail+ bett]2 & yet ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica )\t hav+ ! lea/ idea ( ! prop]ty ( ?is angle3 h[ev]1 ,i am f> f inf]r+ f h5ce t we are to conf9e ourselves m]ely to a bl9d practice1 b happy x 71 w\ld naturali/s & geometricians unite1 z mu* z possible1 ! practice ) ! !ory4 ,/range1 b s x is1 t ^? ?+s :i* reflect ! greate/ hon\r on ! human m9d are frequ5tly ( ! lea/ b5efit to x6 ,a man :o und]/&s ! f\r fundam5tal rules ( ari?metic1 aid$ by a little good s5se1 %all amass prodigi\s weal? 9 trade1 %all become a ,sir ,pet] ,delme1 a ,sir ,ri*>d ,hopk9s1 a ,sir ,gilb]t ,hea?cote1 :il/ a poor algebrai/ sp5ds 8 :ole life 9 se>*+ = a/oni%+ prop]ties & relations 9 numb]s1 :i* at ! same "t are ( no mann] ( use1 & w n acqua9t him ) ! nature ( ex*anges4 ,?is is v ne>ly ! case ) mo/ ( ! arts3 !re is a c]ta9 po9t beyond :i* all rese>*es s]ve to no o!r purpose ?an m]ely to delight an inquisitive m9d4 ,^? +5i\s & useless tru?s may be comp>$ to />s :i*1 by be+ plac$ at too great a di/ance1 _c af=d u ! lea/ light4 ,) reg>d to ! ,fr5* ,academy1 h[ great a s]vice w\ld !y d to lit]ature1 to ! language1 & ! nation1 if1 in/ead ( publi%+ a set ( complim5ts annually1 !y w\ld give u new editions ( ! valuable works writt5 9 ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 purg$ f ! sev]al errors ( diction :i* are crept into !m4 ,!re are _m ( ^! errors 9 ,corneille & ,moli]e1 b ^? 9 ,la ,fonta9e are v num]\s4 ,su* z c\ld n be correct$ might at lea/ be po9t$ out4 ,by ?is means1 z all ! ,europeans read ^? works1 !y w\ld tea* !m our language 9 its utmo/ purity--:i*1 by t means1 w\ld be fix$ to a la/+ /&>d2 & valuable ,fr5* books be+ !n pr9t$ at ! ,k+'s exp5se1 w\ld prove "o ( ! mo/ glori\s monum5ts ! nation c\ld boa/4 ,i h be5 told t ,boileau =m]ly made ?is proposal1 & t x has s9ce be5 reviv$ by a g5tleman em95t = 8 g5ius1 8 f9e s5se1 & j ta/e = criticism2 b ?is ?\ght has met ) ! fate ( _m o!r useful projects1 ( be+ applaud$ & neglect$4