,,! ,,price ,,( ,a ,,s\l  ,by  ,,william
 ,,j5n+s ,,bryan   ,,funk  ,,wagnalls   
,,company  ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london    
#aiad    ,,publi%]s' ,,note  ,! ,price (
 a ,s\l is an address deliv]$ by ,mr4   
,bryan1 fir/ at ! ,nor?we/]n ,law ,s*ool
 ,banquet 9 ,*icago1 !n z a ,comm5cem5t 
,oration at ! ,peirce ,s*ool 9          
,philadelphia &1 9 #aiji1 ext5d$ into a 
lecture4     ,,! ,,price ,,( ,a ,,s\l   
,! fact t ,*ri/ dealt ) ?is subject is  
pro( conclusive t x is important1 = ,he 
nev] dealt ) trivial ?+s4 ,:5 ,*ri/     
focus$ att5tion ^u a !me x 0 because x 0
 wor?y ( consid]ation--& ,*ri/ weigh$ ! 
s\l4 ,he pres5t$ ! subject1 too1 )      
surpass+ =ce2 no "o w ev] add emphasis  
to :at ,he said4 ,he und]/ood ! value ( 
! "q 9 argum5t4 ,if y w exam9e ! great  
orations deliv]$ at crises 9 ! _w's     
hi/ory1 y w f9d t 9 ne>ly e case !      
speak] cond5s$ ! :ole subject into a "q1
 & 9 t "q embodi$ :at he reg>d$ z an    
unansw]able argum5t4 ,*ri/ us$ ! "q to  
give =ce to ! ?\ght :i* he pres5t$ 9    

reg>d to ! s\l's value4  ,on "o side ,he
 put ! _w & all t ! _w c conta9--all !  
weal? t "o c accumulate1 all ! fame to  
:i* "o c aspire1 & all ! happ9ess t "o c
 covet2 & on ! o!r side he put ! s\l1 & 
ask$ ! "q t has come r++ d[n ! c5turies3
 ,:at %all x pr(it a man if he ga9 !    
:ole _w & lose 8 own s\l8  ,!re is no   
compromise "h--no p>tial /atem5t ( !    
matt]4 ,he leaves u to write "o t]m ( ! 
equation ourselves4 ,he gives u all ! "t
 we desire1 & all[s ! imag9ation to "w  
to ! limit1 & :5 we h ga!r$ toge!r into 
"o sum all ?+s b ! s\l1 ,he asks--,:at  
if y ga9 x all--all--,,all1 & lose !    
s\l8 ,:at is ! pr(it8  ,"s h ?\ght ! s\l
 "q a "q ( ! next _w only1 b x is a "q (
 ?is _w also2 "s h ?\ght ! s\l "q a     
,sabba?-day "q only1 b x is a week-day  
"q z well2 "s h ?\ght ! s\l "q a "q = ! 
m9i/]s alone1 b x is a "q :i* we all mu/
 meet4 ,e day & e week1 e mon? & e ye>1 
f ! "t we rea* ! p]iod ( acc\ntability  
until we die1 we--ea* ( u--all ( u1     
weigh ! s\l4  ,& exactly 9 proportion z 

we put ! s\l above all ?+s else we build
 "*2 ! mom5t we all[ ! s\l to become a  
matt] ( m]*&ise1 we />t on ! d[nw>d way4
  ,tol/oy says t if y w\ld inve/igate ! 
c>e] ( a crim9al x is n suffici5t to    
beg9 ) ! commission ( a crime2 t y mu/ g
 back to t day 9 8 life :5 he           
delib]ately trampl$ ^u 8 consci5ce & did
 t :i* he knew to be wrong4 ,& s ) all (
 u1 ! turn+ po9t 9 ! life is ! day :5 we
 surr5d] ! s\l = some?+ t = ! "t be+    
seems m desirable4  ,mo/ ( ! temptations
 t come to u to sell ! s\l come 9       
connection ) ! gett+ ( money4 ,! ,bible 
says1 ,! love ( money is ! root ( all   
evil4 ,if ,i _h be5 mak+ ! /atem5t1 ,i  
?9k ,i w\ld h said t ! love ( money is !
 root ( ne>ly all evil4 ,b t is probably
 due to ! fact t ,i am s cons]vative 9  
?\ght & 9 me?od ( /atem5t1 t1 9 /at+ a  
proposition1 ,i pref] to leave a m>g91 s
 t if anybody disputes x ,i c br+ pro( (
 m ?an ,i said4 ,b ! ,bible says1 ,!    
love ( money is ! root ( all evil & ,i  
%all n attempt to weak5 ! /atem5t4 ,if x

 is a mi/ake at all x is s slight a     
mi/ake t we ne$ n sp5d "t 9 correct+ x4 
,& because s _m ( our temptations come  
?r\gh ! love ( money & ! desire to obta9
 x1 x is wor? :ile to consid] ! laws (  
accumulation4 ,we mu/ all h money2 we   
ne$ food & clo?+ & %elt]1 & money is    
necess>y = ! pur*ase ( ^! ?+s4 ,money is
 n an evil 9 itself--money is1 9 fact1 a
 v useful s]vant4 ,x is bad only :5 x   
becomes ! ma/]1 & ! love ( x is hurtful 
only because x c1 & (t5 does1 cr[d out !
 love ( nobl] ?+s4  ,b s9ce we mu/ all  
use money & mu/ 9 our active days /ore  
up money = ! days :5 our /r5g? fails1   
let u see if we c agree ^u ! rules t    
%\ld gov]n u 9 ! accumulation ( ! money 
t we ne$4 ,h[ mu* money c a man         
rightfully collect f society8 ,surely1  
!re c be no disagreem5t "h4 ,he c n     
rightfully collect m ?an he hone/ly     
e>ns4 ,if a man collects m ?an he       
hone/ly e>ns1 he collects :at somebody  
else has e>n$1 & we call x /eal+ if a   
man takes t :i* belongs to ano!r4 ,n    

only is a man limit$ 9 8 collections (  
:at he hone/ly e>ns1 b no hone/ man w   
desire to collect m ?an he e>ns4  ,if a 
man c n rightfully collect m ?an he     
hone/ly e>ns1 x is1 !n1 a matt] ( !     
utmo/ importance to "k h[ mu* money a   
man c hone/ly e>n4 ,i v5ture an answ] to
 ?is & say t a man c n hone/ly e>n m ?an
 fairly measures ! s]vice :i* he r5d]s  
to society4 ,i c n conceive ( any way ( 
e>n+ money except to give to society a  
s]vice equival5t 9 value to ! money     
collect$4 ,?is is a fundam5tal          
proposition & x is important t x %\ld be
 cle>ly und]/ood1 = if "o desires to    
collect l>gely f society he mu/ be      
prep>$ to r5d] a l>ge s]vice to society2
 & our s*ools & colleges1 our *ur*es &  
all o!r organizations = ! improvem5t (  
man h = "o ( _! *ief objects ! enl>gem5t
 ( ! capacity = s]vice4  ,!re is an     
app>5t exception 9 ! case ( an          
inh]itance1 b x is n a real exception1 =
 if ! man :o leaves ! money has hone/ly 
e>n$ x1 he has already giv5 society a   

s]vice ( equival5t value &1 !re=e1 has a
 "r to di/ribute x4 ,& money receiv$ by 
inh]itance is ei!r paym5t = s]vice      
already r5d]$1 or paym5t 9 advance =    
s]vice to be r5d]$4 ,no "r-m9d$ p]son w 
accept money1 ev5 by inh]itance1 )\t    
recogniz+ ! obligation x imposes to r5d]
 a s]vice 9 return4 ,?is s]vice is n    
always r5d]$ to ! "o f :om ?is money is 
receiv$1 b (t5 to society 9 g5]al4 ,9   
fact1 mo/ ( ! bless+s :i* we receive    
come to u 9 su* a way t we c n di/+ui% !
 donors & mu/ make our return to ! :ole 
public4  ,b ,i ne$ n dwell ^u ?is1      
because 9 ?is c\ntry m ?an any:]e else 9
 ! _w we appreciate ! dignity ( labor & 
und]/& t x is honorable to s]ve4 ,& yet 
!re is room = improvem5t1 = all ov] our 
l& !re are1 scatt]$ "h & !re1 "y m5 & "y
 wom5--& ev5 p>5ts--:o /ill ?9k t x is m
 respectable = a "y man to sp5d 9       
idl5ess ! money "s "o else has e>n$ ?an 
to be himself a produc] ( weal?4 ,& z   
long z ?is s5tim5t is to be f\nd any:]e1
 !re is educational "w to be done1 =    

public op9ion w nev] be :at x %\ld be   
until x puts ! badge ( disgrace ^u !    
idl]1 no matt] h[ ri* he may be1 r ?an  
^u ! man :o ) bra9 or muscle contributes
 to ! nation's weal?1 ! nation's /r5g? &
 ! nation's progress4 ,b1 z ,i said1 !  
inh]itance is an app>5t1 n an actual1   
exception1 & we w return to ! orig9al   
proposition--t "o's e>n+s mu/ be measur$
 by ! s]vice r5d]$4 ,?is is s important 
a proposition t ,i beg leave to dwell ^u
 x a mom5t long]1 to ask :e!r x is      
possible to fix 9 doll>s & c5ts a       
maximum limit to ! am\nt "o c e>n 9 a   
lifetime4  ,let u beg9 ) "o hundr$ ?\s& 
doll>s4 ,if we e/imate a work+ life at  
?irty-?ree ye>s--& ,i ?9k ?is is a fair 
e/imate--a man mu/ e>n a little m ?an   
?ree ?\s& doll>s p] ye> = ?irty-?ree    
ye>s to e>n "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s 9 a   
lifetime4 ,i take x = grant$ t no "o w  
d5y t x is possible = "o to e>n ?is sum 
by r5d]+ a s]vice equal to x 9 value4   
,:at %all we say ( a million doll>s8 ,c 
a man e>n t mu*8 ,to d s he mu/ e>n a   

little m ?an ?irty ?\s& doll>s a ye> =  
?irty-?ree ye>s4 ,is x possible = "o to 
r5d] s l>ge a s]vice8 ,i believe t x is4
 ,well1 :at %all we say ( t5 million8   
,to e>n t mu* "o mu/ e>n on an av]age a 
little m ?an ?ree hundr$ ?\s& a ye> =   
?irty-?ree ye>s4 ,is x possible = "o to 
r5d] a s]vice s l>ge z to e>n s va/ a   
sum8 ,at ! risk ( %ock+ "s ( my radical 
fri5ds ,i am go+ to affirm t x is       
possible4 ,b c "o e>n a hundr$ million8 
,yes1 ,i believe t x is ev5 possible to 
s]ve society to su* an ext5t z to e>n a 
hundr$ million 9 ! span ( a human life1 
or an av]age ( ?ree million a ye> =     
?irty-?ree ye>s4 ,we h "o man 9 ?is     
c\ntry :o is said to be wor? five hundr$
 million4 ,to e>n five hundr$ million "o
 mu/ e>n on an av]age ( fifte5 million a
 ye> = ?irty-?ree ye>s4 ,is ?is )9 !    
range ( human possibility8 ,i believe t 
x is4 ,n[1 ,i h gone z high z any "o has
 yet gone 9 collect+1 b if !re is any "y
 man ) an ambition to r5d] a l>g] s]vice
 to ! _w1 ,i w raise x ano!r not*1 if   

necess>y1 to enc\rage him4 ,s almo/     
limitless are ! possibilities ( s]vice 9
 ?is age t ,i am n will+ to fix a       
maximum to ! sum a man c hone/ly &      
legitimately e>n4  ,n only d ,i believe 
t a man c e>n five hundr$ million1 b ,i 
believe t m5 h e>n$ x4 ,i believe t     
,?omas ,jeff]son e>n$ m ?an five hundr$ 
million4 ,! s]vice t he r5d]$ to ! _w 0 
( su* great value t _h he collect$ = x  
five hundr$ million ( doll>s1 he w\ld n 
h be5 ov]paid4 ,i believe t ,abraham    
,l9coln e>n$ m ?an five hundr$ million1 
& ,i c\ld g back ?r\gh hi/ory & give y !
 "n ( man aft] man :o r5d]$ a s]vice s  
l>ge z to entitle him to collect m ?an  
five hundr$ million f society1 b if ,i  
pres5t$ a li/ conta9+ ! "n ( e man :o1  
s9ce "t began1 e>n$ su* an enorm\s sum1 
"o ?+ w\ld be true ( all ( !m1 namely3 t
 9 n a s+le case did ! man collect !    
full am\nt4 ,! m5 :o h e>n$ five hundr$ 
million doll>s h be5 s busy e>n+ x t !y 
h n _h "t to collect x2 & ! m5 :o h     
collect$ five hundr$ million h be5 s    

busy collect+ x t !y h n _h "t to e>n x4
  ,jeff]son did n collect all he e>n$2 9
 fact1 he began public life well-to-d = 
a man ( t p]iod1 & di$ poor--impov]i%$  
by visits ( ^? :o call$ to tell him h[  
mu* !y lov$ him & h[ mu* !y appreciat$ 8
 "w4 ,l9coln did n collect ! full am\nt2
 nei!r ,jeff]son nor ,l9coln w\ld h c>$ 
to collect five hundr$ million4 ,:at    
w\ld ei!r "o h done ) su* a sum8 ,or1   
:at is m important1 :at w\ld five hundr$
 million ( doll>s h done ) ,jeff]son or 
,l9coln8  ,9 t wond]ful p>able ( ! s[]1 
,*ri/ speaks ( ! se$s t fell & ( ! ?orns
 t sprang up & *ok$ !m1 & ,he himself   
expla9$ :at he meant by ?is illu/ration1
 namely3 ,t ! c>es ( ?is _w & !         
deceitfulness ( ri*es *oke ! tru?4 ,if !
 great b5efactors ( ! race _h be5 burd5$
 ) ! c>e ( big =tunes1 !y c\ld n h      
devot$ !mselves to ! nobl] ?+s t gave !m
 a place 9 ! affection ( _! p & 9       
hi/ory4  ,x seems1 !re=e1 t :ile "o c n 
rightfully collect m ?an he hone/ly     
e>ns1 he may e>n m ?an x w\ld be wise = 

him to collect4 ,& t br+s u to ! next   
"q3 ,h[ mu* %\ld "o desire to collect f 
society8 ,i answ]1 t no matt] h[ l>ge a 
s]vice he may r5d] or h[ mu* he may e>n1
 "o %\ld n desire to collect m ?an he c 
wisely sp5d4  ,& h[ mu* c "o wisely     
sp5d8 ,n z mu* z y might ?9k1 & n ne>ly 
z mu* z "s h tri$ to sp5d4 ,no matt] h[ 
hone/ly money may be acquir$1 "o is n   
free to sp5d x at w4 ,we are h$g$ ab\t  
by c]ta9 re/rictions t we c nei!r remove
 nor ignore4 ,god has writt5 c]ta9 laws 
9 our nature--laws t no legislature c   
repeal--laws t no c\rt c decl>e         
uncon/itutional1 & ^! laws limit u 9 our
 exp5ditures4  ,let u consid] "s ( ! ?+s
 = :i* we c prop]ly sp5d money4 ,we ne$ 
food--we all ne$ food1 & we ne$ ab\t !  
same am\nt2 n exactly1 b ! diff]5ce 9   
quantity is n great4 ,! range 9         
exp5diture is great] ?an ! range 9      
quantity1 = exp5diture cov]s k9d &      
quality z well z quantity4 ,b !re is a  
limit ev5 to exp5diture4 ,if a man eats 
too mu* he suff]s = x4 ,if he squ&]s 8  

money on high-pric$ foods1 he we>s 8    
/oma* out4 ,!re is an old say+ :i* we h 
all he>d1 t ,! poor man is look+ = food 
= 8 /oma*1 :ile ! ri* man is go+ f "o   
wat]+ place to ano!r look+ = a /oma* = 8
 food4 ,?is is only a witty way (       
express+ ! sob] tru?1 namely1 t "o is   
limit$ 9 ! am\nt ( money he c wisely    
sp5d = food4  ,we ne$ clo?+--we all ne$ 
clo?+1 & we ne$ ! same am\nt4 ,!        
diff]5ce 9 quantity is n great4 ,! range
 9 exp5diture = clo?+ is great] ?an !   
range 9 quantity1 because exp5diture    
cov]s /yle & v>iety z well z quantity1 b
 !re is a limit to ! am\nt ( money "o c 
wisely sp5d = clo?+4 ,if a man has s mu*
 clo?+ t x takes all ( 8 "t to *ange 8  
clo!s1 he has m ?an he ne$s & m ?an he c
 wisely sp5d money =4  ,we ne$ homes--we
 all ne$ %elt]1 & we ne$ ab\t ! same    
am\nt4 ,9 fact1 ,god 0 v democratic 9 ! 
di/ribution ( our ne$s1 = he s creat$ u 
t our ne$s are ab\t ! same4 ,! range (  
exp5diture = homes is probably wid] ?an 
9 ! case ( ei!r food or clo?+4 ,we are  

int]e/$ 9 ! home4 ,i nev] pass a little 
h\se :]e two "y p are />t+ out 9 life   
)\t feel+ a sympa!tic int]e/ 9 t home2  
,i nev] pass a h\se :]e a room is be+   
add$ )\t feel+ int]e/$1 = ,i "k !       
occupants h plann$ x1 & look$ =w>d to x 
& wait$ = x2 ,i l to see a little h\se  
mov$ back & a l>g] h\se built1 = ,i "k x
 is ! fulfilm5t ( a dream4 ,i h _h "s ( 
^! dreams myself1 & ,i "k h[ !y lead u  
on & inspire u to l>g] ef=t & great]    
endeavor1 & yet !re is a limit to !     
am\nt "o c wisely sp5d ev5 = s good a ?+
 z a home4  ,if a man gets too big a    
h\se x becomes a burd5 to him1 & "s h _h
 ?is exp]i5ce4 ,n infrequ5tly a "y c\ple
 w />t out poor & /ruggle along 9 a     
little h\se1 look+ =w>d to ! "t :5 !y c 
build a big h\se4 ,aft] a :ile ! "t     
arrives & !y build a big h\se1 l>g]1    
possibly1 ?an !y int5d$ to & x ne>ly    
always co/s m ?an !y ?\ght x w\ld1 & !n 
!y /ruggle along ! re/ ( _! lives look+ 
back to ! "t :5 !y liv$ 9 a little h\se4
  ,we speak ( p be+ indep5d5tly ri*4 ,t 

is a mi/ake2 !y are dep5d5tly ri*4 ,!   
ri*] a man is ! m dep5d5t he is--! m p  
he dep5ds ^u to help him collect 8      
income1 & ! m p he dep5ds ^u to help him
 sp5d 8 income4 ,sometimes a c\ple w />t
 out do+ _! own "w--! wife do+ ! "w     
inside ! h\se & ! man outside2 b !y     
prosp]1 & aft] a :ile !y are able to    
af=d help4 ,!y get a girl to help ! wife
 inside & a man to help ! husb& outside2
 !n !y prosp] m--& !y get two girls to  
help inside & two m5 to help outside1 !n
 ?ree girls inside & ?ree m5 outside4   
,f9ally !y h s _m girls help+ inside & s
 _m m5 help+ outside t !y c n leave !   
h\se--!y h to /ay at home & look aft] ! 
e/abli%m5t4 ,& ?is is n a new condition4
 ,"o ( ! ,lat9 poets compla9$ ( ! c>es t
 hov] ab\t ! frett$ ceil+s ( ! ri*1 & x 
0 ?is condition t inspir$ ,*>les ,wagn] 
to write 8 little book entitl$ ,!       
,simple ,life1 9 :i* he ent]$ an eloqu5t
 prote/ aga9/ ! mat]ialism :i* makes man
 ! slave ( 8 possessions & pres5t$ an   
e>ne/ plea = ! rais+ ( ! spiritual above

 ! purely physical4 ,i repeat1 !re is a 
limit to ! am\nt a man c wisely sp5d ^u 
a home4  ,b a man c give 8 money away4  
,yes1 & no "o :o has ev] tri$ x w d5y t 
m pleasure is to be d]iv$ f ! giv+ (    
money to a cause 9 :i* "o's he>t is     
int]e/$1 ?an c be obta9$ f ! exp5diture 
( ! same am\nt 9 selfi% indulg5ce4 ,b if
 "o is go+ to give l>gely he mu/ sp5d a 
great deal ( "t 9 inve/igat+ & 9 comp>+ 
! m]its ( ! diff]5t ent]prises1 & ,i am 
p]suad$ t !re is a bett] life ?an ! life
 l$ by ^? :o sp5d ne>ly all ! "t        
accumulat+ beyond _! ne$s & !n employ ! 
la/ few days 9 giv+ x away4 ,:at ! _w   
ne$s is n a few m5 ( great weal?1 dol+  
out _! money 9 anticipation ( dea?--:at 
! _w ne$s is t ^! m5 %all l9k !mselves 9
 sympa!tic int]e/ ) /ruggl+ humanity &  
help to solve ! problems ( to-day1      
in/ead ( creat+ problems = ! next       
g5]ation to solve4  ,b y say1 a man c   
leave 8 money to 8 *ildr58 ,he c1 if he 
d>es4 ,b a l>ge =tune1 9 anticipation1  
has ru9$ m sons ?an x has ev] help$4 ,if

 a "y man has s mu* money com+ to him t 
he kn[s he w nev] h to "w1 ! *ances are 
t x w sap 8 en]gy1 ev5 if x does n      
und]m9e 8 "*1 & leave him a curse r ?an 
a bless+ to ^? :o br\ght him into ! _w4 
,& x is sc>cely saf] to leave ! money to
 a daught]4 ,= if a "y woman has a      
prospective inh]itance s l>ge t1 :5 a "y
 man calls ^u h]1 %e c n tell :e!r he is
 call+ ^u h] or h] fa!r1 x is           
emb>rass+--especially s if %e f9ds aft] 
m>riage t he m>ri$ ! wrong memb] ( !    
family4 ,&1 ,i may add1 t ! daught]s ( !
 v ri* are usually h$g$ ab\t by a social
 environm5t :i* prev5ts _! mak+ !       
acqua9tance ( ! be/ "y m54 ,! m5 :o1    
tw5ty-five ye>s f n[1 w be ! lead]s 9   
bus9ess1 9 society1 9 gov]nm5t1 & 9 !   
*ur*1 are n ! pamp]$ sons ( ! ri*1 b !  
"y m5 :o1 ) good heal? & good habits1 ) 
high ideals & /rong ambition1 are1 "u ! 
spur ( necessity1 lay+ ! f\ndation =    
future a*ievem5ts1 & ^! "y m5 d n h a   
*ance to become acqua9t$ ) ! daught]s ( 
! v ri*4 ,ev5 if !y did "k !m !y might  

hesitate to ent] ^u ! scale ( exp5diture
 to :i* ^! daught]s are accu/om$4  ,i h 
spok5 at l5g? 9 reg>d to ^! limitations1
 al?o we all "k ( !m or %\ld4 ,! m9i/]s 
tell u ab\t ^! ?+s ,sunday aft] ,sunday1
 or %\ld1 & yet we f9d m5 *as+ !        
almighty doll> until !y fall exhau/$    
into ! grave4 ,a few ye>s ago ,i read a 
s]mon by ,dr4 ,talmage on ?is subject2  
he said a man :o wore himself out gett+ 
money t he did n ne$ w\ld f9ally drop   
dead1 & t 8 pa/or w\ld tell a gr\p (    
sorr[+ fri5ds t1 by a my/]i\s           
disp5sation ( ,provid5ce1 ! good man _h 
be5 cut (f 9 8 prime4 ,dr4 ,talmage said
 t ,provid5ce _h no?+ to d ) x1 & t !   
m9i/] ought to tell ! tru? ab\t x & say 
t ! man _h be5 kick$ to dea? by ! gold5 
calf4  ,a few weeks ago ,i read a /ory  
by ,tol/oy1 & ,i did n notice until ,i  
_h complet$ x t ! title ( ! /ory 01 ,:at
 %all x pr(it8 ,! great ,russian        
graphically pres5t$ ! v ?\ght t ,i h be5
 try+ to impress ^u y\r m9ds4 ,he told (
 a ,russian peasant :o _h l& hung]--:o  

add$ f>m to f>m & l& to l&1 b c\ld nev] 
get en\gh4 ,aft] a :ile he he>d ( a     
place :]e l& 0 *eap] & he sold 8 l& &   
w5t & b\ght m l&4 ,b he _h no m ?an     
settl$ !re until he he>d ( ano!r place  
among a half civiliz$ p :]e l& 0 *eap]  
/ill4 ,he took a s]vant & w5t into ?is  
di/ant c\ntry & hunt$ up ! head man ( ! 
tribe1 :o (f]$ him all ! l& he c\ld walk
 ar\nd 9 a day = a ?\s& rubles--told him
 he c\ld put ! money d[n on any spot &  
walk 9 any direction z f> & z fa/ z he  
w\ld1 & t if he 0 back by sunset he c\ld
 h all ! l& he c\ld encompass dur+ !    
day4 ,he put ! money d[n ^u ! gr\nd &   
/>t$ at sunrise to get1 at la/1 en\gh   
l&4 ,he />t$ leisurely1 b z he look$ ^u 
! l& x look$ s good t he hurri$ a       
little--& !n he hurri$ m1 & !n he w5t   
fa/] /ill4 ,be=e he turn$ he _h gone    
fur!r 9 t direction ?an he _h int5d$1 b 
he spurr$ himself on & />t$ on ! second 
side4 ,be=e he turn$ aga9 ! sun _h      
cross$ ! m]idian & he _h two sides yet  
to cov]4 ,z ! sun 0 sl[ly s9k+ 9 ! we/  

he con/antly accel]at$ 8 pace1 al>m$ at 
la/ = fe> he might h und]tak5 too mu* & 
might lose x all4 ,he rea*$ ! />t+ po9t1
 h[ev]1 j z ! sun w5t d[n1 b he _h      
ov]tax$ 8 /r5g? & fell dead ^u ! spot4  
,!n 8 s]vant dug a grave = him & he only
 ne$$ six feet ( gr\nd !n1 ! same t o!rs
 ne$$--& ! re/ ( ! l& 0 ( no use to him4
 ,?us f> ,tol/oy told ! /ory ( _m a     
life--n ! life ( ! v ri* only1 b ! /ory 
( e life 9 :i* ! love ( money is !      
controll+ =ce & 9 :i* ! desire = ga9    
%rivels ! s\l & leaves ! life a failure 
at la/4  ,i desire to %[ y h[ practical 
?is subject is4 ,if "t p]mitt$ ,i c\ld  
take up e occupation1 e avocation1 e    
pr(ession & e call+1 & %[ y t no matt]  
:i* way we turn--no matt] :at we d--we  
are always & ev]y:]e weigh+ ! ,s\l4  ,9 
! brief "t t x is prop] = me to occupy1 
,i %all apply ! ?\ght to ^? dep>tm5ts ( 
human activity 9 :i* ! sale ( a s\l     
affects o!rs l>gely z well z !          
individual :o makes ! b>ga94  ,take !   
occupation 9 :i* ,i am engag$1          

j\rnalism4 ,x pres5ts a great field--a  
gr[+ field2 9 fact1 !re are few fields s
 l>ge4 ,! j\rnali/ is bo? a news ga!r] &
 a mold] ( ?\ght4 ,he in=ms 8 read]s z  
to :at is go+ on1 & he po9ts out !      
relation betwe5 cause &                 
effect--int]prets curr5t hi/ory4 ,public
 op9ion is ! controll+ =ce 9 a republic1
 & ! newspap] gives to ! j\rnali/1      
beyond e "o else1 ! opportunity to      
affect public op9ion4 ,o!rs rea* !      
read]s ( a newspap] ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ! 
own] ( ! pap]1 b he has full access to 8
 own columns1 & does n fe> ! blue p5cil4
 ,! j\rnali/ occupies ! position ( a    
wat*man ^u a t[]4 ,he is (t5 able to see
 dang]s :i* are n obs]v$ by ! g5]al     
public1 & because he c see ^! dang]s he 
is 9 a position ( great] responsibility4
 ,is he dis*>g+ ! duty :i* sup]ior      
opportunity imposes ^u him8 ,i might    
m5tion a numb] ( temptations :i* come to
 ! j\rnali/1 b ,i %all cont5t myself ) a
 few4 ,fir/1 !re is ! temptation to     
conceal ! "n ( ! real own] ( ! pap]4 ,! 

proprietor ( a pap] %\ld be kn[n1 b 8   
id5tity is n always disclos$4 ,!        
corporate entity :i* plays s l>ge a "p 9
 ! bus9ess _w has ent]$ ! newspap]      
field4 ,! names ( ! /ockhold]s are n    
publi%$ & we d n always "k :at          
individuality directs ! pap]'s policy4  
,ye> by ye> ! disclosures are br++ to   
light ! fact t ! pr$atory int]e/s are   
us+ ! newspap]s & ev5 "s magaz9es = !   
def5se ( comm]cial iniquity & = !       
purpose ( attack+ ^? :o lift _! voices  
aga9/ favoritism & privilege4 ,a        
f9ancial magnate int]e/$ 9 !            
exploitation ( ! public secures control 
( a pap]2 he employs bus9ess manag]s1   
manag+ editors1 & a reportorial /aff4   
,he does n act op5ly or 9 ! daylight b  
?r\gh a gr\p ( employes :o are ! visible
 b n ! real directors4 ,! report]s are  
in/ruct$ to br+ 9 ! k9d ( news :i* w    
advance ! ent]prises own$ by ! man :o   
/&s back ( ! pap]1 & if ! news br\ght 9 
is n entirely satisfactory x is doctor$ 
9 ! (fice4 ,! columns ( ! pap] are fill$

 ) matt]1 writt5 n = ! purpose ( pres5t+
 facts z !y exi/1 b = ! purpose (       
di/ort+ facts & mislead+ ! public4 ,!   
editorial writ]s1 ^: names are g5]ally  
unkn[n to ! public1 are told :at to say 
& :at subjects to avoid4 ,!y are        
in/ruct$ to extol ! m]its ( ^? :o are   
subs]vi5t to ! int]e/s repres5t$ by !   
pap]1 & to misrepres5t & traduce ^? :o  
d>e to criticize or oppose ! plans ( ^? 
:o hide beh9d ! pap]4 ,su* j\rnali/s are
 memb]s ( a k9d ( ,blackh& society2 !y  
are assass9s1 hid+ 9 ambu% & /rik+ 9 !  
d>k2 & ! wor/ ( x is t ! read]s h no way
 ( kn[+ :5 a *ange takes place 9 !      
own]%ip ( su* a pap]4 ,editorial poison1
 l o!r poisons1 c be adm9i/]$ m         
successfully if ! victim is 9 ignorance 
z to :o adm9i/]s x4  ,!re are degrees ( 
culpability & "s are dispos$ to hold an 
editorial writ] guiltless ev5 :5 !y     
visit condemnation ^u ! secret director 
( ! pap]'s policy4 ,i pres5t to y a     
diff]5t--& ,i believe high]--ideal (    
j\rnalism4 ,if we are go+ to make any   

progress 9 morals we mu/ ab&on ! idea t 
morals are def9$ by ! /atutes2 we mu/   
recognize t !re is a wide m>g9 betwe5 t 
:i* ! law prohibits & t :i* an enlight5$
 consci5ce c approve4 ,we d n legislate 
aga9/ ! man :o uses ! pr9t$ page = !    
purpose ( deception b1 view$ f ! /&po9t 
( morals1 ! man :o1 :e!r volunt>ily or  
"u in/ructions1 writes :at he kn[s to be
 untrue or purposely misleads 8 read]s z
 to ! "* ( a proposition ^u :i* !y h to 
act1 is z guilty ( wrong-do+ z ! man :o 
assi/s 9 any o!r sw9dl+ transaction4    
,ano!r me?od employ$ to mislead ! public
 is ! publication ( editorial matt]     
suppli$ by ^? :o h an int]e/ to s]ve4   
,?is evil is ev5 m common ?an secrecy z 
to ! own]%ip ( ! pap]4 ,9 ! case ( !    
weekly pap]s & ! small] dailies1 !      
proprietor is g5]ally kn[n1 & x is      
und]/ood t ! editorial page repres5ts 8 
views4 ,8 /&+ & "* give weight to t :i* 
appe>s ) 8 endorsem5t4 ,a few ye>s ago1 
:5 ! railroad rate bill 0 be=e          
,congress1 a numb] ( railroads jo9$ 9 an

 ef=t to create a public s5tim5t aga9/ !
 bill4 ,bureaus 7 e/abli%$ = !          
dissem9ation ( lit]ature1 & a numb] (   
newspap]s ent]$ into contract to publi% 
z editorial matt] ! mat]ial furni%$ by  
^! bureaus4 ,?is c n be def5d$ 9 e?ics4 
,! pur*ase ( ! editorial columns is a   
crime aga9/ ! public & a disgrace to    
j\rnalism1 & yet we h frequ5t occasion  
to note ?is degradation ( ! newspap]4   
,s5ator ,c>t]1 ( ,montana1 speak+ 9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 caus$ to be read  
sev]al pr9t$ slips :i* 7 s5t out by a   
bank]s' association to local bank]s ) ! 
reque/ t !y be ins]t$ 9 ! local pap]s1  
sugge/ion be+ made t ! in/ructions to ! 
local bank]s be remov$ be=e !y 7 h&$ to 
! pap]s4 ,! purpose ( ! bank]s'         
association 0 to /imulate opposition to 
! po/al sav+s bank1 a policy endors$    
affirmatively by ! ,republican p>ty1 &1 
conditionally1 by ! ,democratic p>ty1 ! 
two plat=ms be+ support$ at ! polls by m
 ?an n9ety p] c5t ( ! vot]s4 ,! bank]s' 
association oppos$ ! policy1 &1 9 s5d+  

out its lit]ature1 x 0 endeavor+ to     
conceal ! s\rce ( t lit]ature & to make 
x appe> t ! pr9t$ matt] repres5t$ !     
op9ion ( "s "o 9 ! community4  ,!       
j\rnali/ :o w\ld fully p]=m 8 duty mu/  
be n only incorruptible1 b ev] al]t1 =  
^? :o are try+ to misuse ! newspap]s are
 able to deceive ! v elect4 ,:5ev] any  
movem5t is on foot = ! secur+ (         
legislation desir$ by ! pr$atory        
int]e/s1 or :5 re/ra9+ legislation is   
?reat5$1 news bureaus are e/abli%$ at   
,wa%+ton1 & ^! news bureaus furni% to   
su* pap]s1 z w use !m1 free reports1    
daily or weekly z ! case may be1 f !    
national capitol--reports :i* purport to
 give g5]al news1 b :i* 9 fact conta9   
argum5ts 9 support ( ! s*emes :i* !     
bureaus are organiz$ to advance4 ,?is   
+5i\s me?od ( mislead+ ! public is only 
a "p ( ! g5]al plan :i* favor-hold+ &   
favor-seek+ corporations pursue4        
,demo/h5es decl>$ t ! man :o refuses a  
bribe conqu]s ! man :o (f]s x4 ,accord+ 
to ?is1 ! j\rnali/ :o resi/s ! _m       

temptations :i* come to him to surr5d] 8
 ideals has ! consci\sness ( w9n+ a     
moral victory z well z ! satisfaction ( 
kn[+ t he is r5d]+ a real s]vice to 8   
fell[s4  ,! pr(ession = :i* ,i 0        
tra9$--! law--pres5ts ano!r l9e (       
temptations4 ,! c\rt room is a s\l's    
m>ket :]e _m b>t] away _! ideals 9 !    
hope ( w9n+ weal? or fame4 ,lawy]s      
sometimes boa/ ( ! numb] ( m5 ^:        
acquittal !y h secur$ :5 !y knew !m to  
be guilty1 & ( advantages won :i* !y    
knew _! cli5ts did n des]ve4 ,i d n     
und]/& h[ a lawy] c s boa/1 = he is an  
(fic] ( ! c\rt &1 z su*1 is sworn to    
assi/ 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,:5 a  
lawy] has help$ 8 cli5t to obta9 all t  
he really des]ves he has done 8 full    
duty z a lawy]1 & if he goes beyond ?is1
 he goes at 8 own p]il4 ,%[ me a lawy]  
:o has sp5t a lifetime try+ to obscure !
 l9e betwe5 "r & wrong1 try+ to prove t 
to be j :i* he knew to be unju/1 & ,i w 
%[ y a man :o has gr[n weak] 9 "* ye> by
 ye>1 & ^: advice1 at la/1 w be ( no    

value to 8 cli5ts1 = he w h lo/ ! p[] to
 disc]n betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,%[ me1 on ! 
o!r h&1 a lawy] :o has sp5t a lifetime 9
 ! se>* = tru?1 det]m9$ to foll[ :]e x  
leads1 & ,i w %[ y a man :o has gr[n    
/rong] 9 "* day by day & ^: advice      
con/antly becomes m valuable to 8       
cli5ts1 because ! p[] to disc]n ! tru?  
increases ) ! hone/ se>* = x4  ,n only 9
 ! c\rt room1 b 9 ! consultation *amb] !
 lawy] sometimes yields to ! temptation 
to turn 8 tal5ts to a sordid use4 ,!    
s*emes ( spoliation t defy ! (fic]s ( ! 
law are1 = ! mo/ "p1 inaugurat$ &       
direct$ by legal m9ds4 ,presid5t        
,roosevelt1 speak+ at ,h>v>d a few ye>s 
ago1 compla9$ t ! graduates ( t great   
univ]sity frequ5tly furni%$ ! bra9s =   
conspiracies aga9/ ! public welf>e4 ,i 0
 speak+ on ?is v subject 9 "o ( ! great 
cities ( ! c\ntry "s mon?s ago1 & at !  
close ( ! address1 a judge comm5d$ my   
criticism & decl>$ t mo/ ( ! lawy]s     
practis+ 9 8 c\rt 7 con/antly sell+ _!  
s\ls4 ,! lawy]'s position is sc>cely    

less responsible ?an ! position ( !     
j\rnali/1 & if ! j\rnali/s & lawy]s ( ! 
c\ntry c\ld be br\ght to ab/a9 f !      
practises by :i* ! g5]al public is      
ov]rea*$1 x w\ld be an easy matt] to    
secure ! rem$ial legislation necess>y to
 protect ! produc+ masses f ! con/ant   
spoliation to :i* !y are n[ subject$ by 
! privileg$ classes4  ,if a man :o is   
plann+ a tra9-robb]y takes ano!r along  
to hold a horse at a conv5i5t di/ance1  
we say t ! man :o holds ! horse is      
equally guilty ) ! man :o robs ! tra92 &
 ! "t w come :5 public op9ion w hold z  
equally guilty ) ! plund]]s ( society ! 
lawy]s & j\rnali/s :o assi/ ! plund]]s  
to escape4  ,mo/ ( y are1 ,i presume1   
engag$ 9 :at is kn[n z bus9ess1 al?o ,i 
confess t ,i h no sympa?y ) ! n>r[      
def9ition :i* is (t5 giv5 to ! ^w       
bus9ess4 ,e p]son :o contributes by bra9
 or muscle to ! nation's weal? &        
greatness is engag$ 9 bus9ess & is a    
necess>y factor 9 ! _w's progress4      
,comm]ce is an increas+ factor 9 !      

bus9ess _w4 ,x includes bo? ex*ange &   
transportation & /&s next 9 importance  
to production4 ,production comes fir/1 b
 production c\ld only be conduct$ on a  
limit$ scale )\t ! ex*ange ( m]*&ise4   
,to desire to ga9 an honorable di/9ction
 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( labor is a wor?y      
ambition4 ,he :o improves ! in/rum5ts ( 
trade by br++ pur*as] & consum] ne>]    
toge!r1 ?us facilitat+ ex*ange1 may c\nt
 himself a real b5efactor4 ,b ev5 "h !re
 are temptations to be avoid$4 ,let me  
sugge/ ?ree4 ,fir/1 speculation4 ,i d n 
mean to say t ! elem5t ( *ance c be     
entirely elim9at$ f any k9d ( bus9ess4  
,! f>m] takes 8 *ances ^u ! seasons2 !  
m]*ant takes 8 *ances ^u ! m>ket2 !     
railroad own] takes 8 *ances ^u bo? !   
season & ! m>ket2 & we all take our     
*ances ^u sickness & dea?4 ,unc]ta9ty   
ent]s into e human calculation1 b a     
di/9ction c be drawn betwe5 ^?          
unc]ta9ties :i* are unavoidable & ^?    
unc]ta9ties :i* are ( ! v ess5ce ( !    
transaction4 ,!re is a legitimate "w = !

 /ock ex*ange & = ! *amb] ( comm]ce1 b  
!re is an illegitimate & vici\s         
speculation on ! /ock ex*ange & !       
produce m>ket :i* has lur$ _m bus9ess m5
 to _! fall4 ,! ord9>y me?ods (         
accumulation are necess>ily sl[ :5      
competition is left free to regulate    
pr(its1 :ile ! gambl] is spurr$ on by ! 
hope ( quickly realiz+ a l>ge pr(it ^u a
 small inve/m5t4 ,x is n /range t _m are
 *>m$ by ! sir5 song ( ! /ock tick]1 b x
 means ru91 & to ! ext5t t a man yields 
to ! temptation 8 morals are weak5$4    
,!re is b "o sure measure ( rew>ds1     
viz41 "o t comp5sates ea* 9 proportion z
 he s]ves society4 ,! secur+ ( some?+ = 
no?+ by a lucky turn ( a c>d1 or by a   
sudd5 *ange 9 ! m>ket p>alyzes "o's     
purpose1 &1 9 "t1 r5d]s him unfit =     
pati5t & p]si/5t ef=t4 ,i might         
emphasize ! fact t gambl+ 9 /ocks & f>m 
products (t5 leads to embezzlem5t1 l>c5y
 & suicide1 = ^! are ! fruits (         
speculation :5 x becomes a disease4 ,b  
,i pref] to put my argum5t aga9/ gambl+ 

^u ! broad] gr\nd t x is1 9 all cases1 a
 demoraliz+ influ5ce1 :e!r ! gambl] w9s 
or loses4  ,i might dwell ^u ! evil     
effects ( speculation ^u innoc5t p>ties 
^: prop]ty is juggl$ up or juggl$ d[n by
 ! manipulations ( ! m>ket1 b ,i w\ld   
appeal1 n only to ! innoc5t outsid]1 b  
to ^? :o may be tempt$ by ! pr(its      
promis$ to ! inside r+4 ,i w\ld sugge/1 
h[ev]1 t ^? :o by corn]+ ! m>ket susp5d 
! law ( supply & dem&1 add crime to vice
 & defraud ^? :o are induc$ to inve/ 9 a
 *ance :i* has no actual exi/5ce4       
,monopoly is ! second comm]cial         
temptation4 ,monopolies h be5 attempt$  
ev] s9ce trad+ began1 & !y are m common 
to-day ?an ev] be=e because m money c be
 made out ( !m4 ,_m well-mean+ bus9ess  
m5 p]mit !mselves to be drawn into      
practises :i* are n only indef5sible 9 !
 realm ( consci5ce1 b :i* violate !     
/atutes4 ,! (fic]s ( ! law are con/antly
 engag$ 9 an ef=t to prev5t ! monopoliz+
 ( trade4  ,x is /range t anyone %\ld   
attempt to def5d a private monopoly1 =  

its plan & op]ation c be easily und]/ood
 by any "o :o kn[s ei!r human nature or 
hi/ory4 ,no judge w\ld be p]mitt$ to    
preside 9 8 own case2 no juror w\ld be  
all[$ to s]ve 9 a suit to :i* he 0 a    
p>ty1 & yet ! head ( a monopoly         
arbitr>ily decides1 e-day1 que/ions :]e 
8 int]e/s are on "o side & public       
int]e/s on ! o!r4 ,c he be tru/$ to     
decide imp>tially & to exact only a     
reasonable pr(it8 ,x is absurd to expect
 him to d ju/ice to ^? :i? :om he deals4
 ,! /ud5t ( hi/ory kn[s t ! monopoli/   
has always be5 an outlaw4 ,?ree c5turies
 ago1 "u ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ! ,h\se (     
,commons prote/$ aga9/ ! monopolies :i* 
%e _h au?oriz$1 & ,i f\nd1 :5 9 ! ,holy 
,l&1 t a v complete monopoly exi/$ !re  
"s sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,josephus   
tells h[ ,john ( ,gi%ala secur$ a       
monopoly 9 olive oil & *>g$ t5 times z  
mu* = ! oil z he paid = x4 ,= ! b5efit (
 ^? :o ?9k t all monopolies are         
traceable to ! rebate1 ,i v5ture to     
sugge/ t ! oil tru/ ( ,pale/9e 0        

successfully op]at$ be=e railroads      
exi/$4 ,b ev5 ?o ,john _h no?+ bett] ?an
 a fa/ freight l9e ( donkeys & di/ribut$
 ! oil 9 goat sk9s1 he %[$ z correct an 
und]/&+ ( ! possibilities ( monopoly z  
any tru/ magnate has to-day1 & ,i h     
wond]$ :e!r our ,john secur$ 8 idea ( an
 oil tru/ f ,john ( ,gi%ala4  ,we ne$   
laws mak+ ! private monopoly impossible1
 b we mu/ h back ( ^! laws a moral      
s5tim5t :i* w condemn ! club wield$ by !
 monopoli/1 z moral s5tim5t n[ condemns 
! highwayman's bludgeon4  ,! ?ird       
temptation to :i* ! comm]cial man is    
subject$ is ! corruption ( politics4 ,j 
9 proportion z a corporation secures a  
monopoly ( ! bus9ess 9 :i* x is engag$1 
9 t proportion ! necessity = gov]nm5t   
regulation increases1 & ,i may add1 !   
difficulty ( secur+ regulation increases
 9 proportion to ! necessity = x4       
,municipal corruption has become a      
byword1 & ! lobbyi/ has made 8 evil     
pres5ce felt at ! national & ,/ate      
capitals4 ,brib]y is becom+ a f9e art1 &

 nei!r ! vot] nor 8 repres5tative is    
sp>$4 ,! "o lesson t mu/ be taught is t 
! man :o gives a bribe is z wick$ z !   
man :o accepts x--,i am n sure b t he is
 m wick$1 = ! necessities ( ! man :o    
accepts ! bribe--if ne$ c palliate su*  
an (f5se--are usually great] ?an ^? ( ! 
man :o (f]s x4 ,i appeal to y to assi/1 
9 e possible way1 9 ! creation ( a      
public s5tim5t :i* w o/racise ! bus9ess 
man :o pur*ases legislation ) ! pr(its  
d]iv$ f privileges already secur$1 or :o
 advances corruption money 9            
anticipation ( ! pr(its :i* gov]nm5tal  
favors promise4  ,9 ! c\nt+ room z well 
z 9 ! editor's libr>y & 9 ! lawy]'s     
(fice "o he>s ! he>t-se>*+ "q3 ,:at %all
 x pr(it a man if he %all ga9 ! :ole _w 
& lose 8 own s\l8--& happ9ess1 honor &  
usefulness all hang ^u ! answ]4  ,i w\ld
 n be =giv5 if ,i fail$ to apply my !me 
to ! "w ( ! in/ructor4 ,! purpose (     
education is n m]ely to develop ! m9d2 x
 is to prep>e m5 & wom5 = society's "w &
 = citiz5%ip4 ,! ideals ( ! tea*]1      

!re=e1 are ( ! fir/ importance4 ,! pupil
 is apt to be z mu* influ5c$ by :at 8   
tea*] is z by :at ! tea*] says or does4 
,! measure ( a s*ool c n be ga!r$ f an  
inspection ( ! exam9ation pap]s2 !      
conception ( life :i* ! graduate c>ries 
away mu/ be c\nt$ 9 e/imat+ ! b5efits   
conf]r$4 ,! pecuni>y rew>ds ( ! tea*]   
are usually small :5 comp>$ ) ! rew>ds (
 bus9ess4 ,?is may be due 9 "p to our   
failure to prop]ly appreciate ! "w :i* !
 tea*] does1 b x may be p>tially acc\nt$
 = by ! fact t ! tea*] d]ives f 8 "w a  
satisfaction great] ?an t obta9$ f mo/  
o!r employm5ts4  ,! tea*] comes 9       
contact ) ! life ( ! /ud5t1 &1 z our    
greate/ joy is d]iv$ f ! consci\sness ( 
hav+ b5efit$ o!rs1 ! tea*] rightly c\nts
 z a "p ( 8 comp5sation ! cont9u+       
pleasure to be f\nd 9 ! k t he is       
project+ 8 influ5ce ?r\gh future        
g5]ations4 ,! he>t plays z l>ge a "p z !
 head 9 ! tea*]'s "w1 because ! he>t is 
an important factor 9 e life & 9 ! %ap+ 
( ! de/9y ( ! race4 ,i fe> ! plutocracy 

( weal?2 ,i respect ! ari/ocracy (      
le>n+2 b ,i ?ank ,god = ! democracy ( ! 
he>t4 ,x is ^u ! he>t-level t we meet2 x
 is by ! *>act]i/ics ( ! he>t t we be/  
"k & be/ rememb] ea* o!r4 ,a/ronom]s    
tell u ! di/ance ( ea* /> f ! e>?1 b no 
ma!matician c calculate ! influ5ce :i* a
 noble tea*] may ex]t ^u po/]ity4 ,& yet
 ev5 ! tea*] may fall f 8 high e/ate1 &1
 =gett+ 8 immeasurable responsibility1  
yield to ! temptation to e/imate 8 "w by
 its pecuni>y rew>d4  ,let me turn = a  
mom5t f ! pr(ession & ! occupation to ! 
call+4 ,i am sure ,i %all n be accus$ ( 
dep>t+ f ! tru? :5 ,i say t ev5 ^? :o   
m9i/] to our spiritual wants &1 z our   
religi\s lead]s1 help to fix our /&>ds (
 morality1 sometimes prove unfai?ful to 
_! tru/4 ,!y are human1 & ! frailties ( 
man obscure ! light :i* %9es f )91 ev5  
:5 t light is a reflection f ! ?rone (  
,god4 ,! m9i/]s h = ye>s consid]$ !     
liquor "q a moral "q1 & ,i w\ld n *ide  
!m = _! activity2 b ,i ?9k too little   
emphasis has be5 plac$ ^u ! importance (

 total ab/95ce4 ,:e!r a ,*ri/ian c dr9k 
9 mod]ation )\t h>m to himself is purely
 a physical "q1 & "s ,*ri/ians h        
ov]e/imat$ _! ability to conf9e _! dr9k+
 )9 safe limits2 b !re is a moral "q :i*
 is mu* l>g]1 namely1 c a ,*ri/ian af=d 
to indulge ! appetite = dr9k if 8       
example leads weak] m5 to ru98  ,! great
 apo/le said t1 if eat+ meat made 8     
bro!r to (f5d1 he w\ld eat no meat4 ,x  
is a "p ( ! m9i/]'s "w to cultivate su* 
a love ( bro!r 9 ! ,*ri/ian he>t t !    
,*ri/ian w p>aphrase ! language ( !     
apo/le & say3 ,if dr9k+ make? my bro!r  
to (f5d1 ,i %all n dr9k4  ,!n1 too1 we h
 n suffici5tly consid]$ man's social    
ne$s4 ,man mu/ h communion ) 8 fri5ds1 &
 we h left ! saloon to furni% ab\t !    
only meet+ place 9 ! cities & t[ns4     
,rooms %\ld be op5$ :]e m5 c meet )     
:olesome surr\nd+s & free f !           
temptations t are ev] pres5t :]e m5 meet
 9 a room provid$ by "o :o has a        
pecuni>y int]e/ 9 cultivat+ an appetite 
= dr9k4  ,! m9i/]s mu/ deal ) all       

que/ions t involve morals1 & e great "q 
is 9 its f9al analysis a "q ( e?ics4    
,we ne$ m ,elijahs 9 ! pulpit to-day--m 
m5 :o w d>e to upbraid an ,ahab & defy a
 ,jezebel4 ,x is possible1 ay1 probable1
 t ev5 n[1 z ( old1 p]secution w\ld     
foll[ su* boldness ( spee*1 b he :o     
consecrates himself to religion mu/     
smite evil :]ev] he f9ds x1 al?o 9 smit+
 x he may risk 8 sal>y & 8 social       
position4 ,x is easy en\gh to d5\nce !  
petty ?ief & ! back-alley gambl]2 x is  
easy en\gh to condemn ! fri5dless rogue 
& ! p5niless wrong-do]1 b :at ab\t ! ri*
 tax-dodg]1 ! big law-break] & !        
corrupt] ( gov]nm5t8 ,! s\l t is w>m$ by
 div9e fire w be satisfi$ ) no?+ less   
?an ! complete p]=mance ( duty2 x mu/   
cry al\d & sp>e n1 to ! end t ! cre$ ( !
 ,*ri/ may be exemplifi$ 9 ! life ( !   
nation4  ,n only does ! s\l "q pres5t   
itself to individuals1 b x pres5ts      
itself to gr\ps ( individuals z well4   
,let u consid] ! p>ty4 ,a political p>ty
 c n be bett] ?an its ideal2 9 fact1 x  

is good 9 proportion z its ideal is     
wor?y1 & its place 9 hi/ory is det]m9$  
by its adh]5ce to a high purpose4 ,!    
p>ty is made = its memb]s1 n ! memb]s = 
! p>ty2 & a p>ty is useful1 !re=e1 only 
z x is a means ?r\gh :i* "o may protect 
8 rights1 gu>d 8 int]e/s & promote !    
public welf>e4 ,! be/ s]vice t a man c  
r5d] 8 p>ty is to raise its ideals4 ,he 
basely betrays 8 p>ty's hopes & is      
recreant to 8 duty to 8 p>ty associates 
:o seeks to b>t] away a noble p>ty      
purpose = tempor>y advantages or = !    
spoils ( (fice4 ,x w\ld be a reflection 
^u ! intellig5ce & patriotism ( ! p to  
ass]t1 or ev5 to assume1 t la/+ b5efit  
c\ld be secur$ = a p>ty by ! l[]+ ( its 
/&>ds4 ,he s]ves 8 p>ty mo/ loyally :o  
s]ves 8 c\ntry mo/ fai?fully2 x is a    
fatal error to suppose t a p>ty c be    
p]man5tly b5efit$ by a betrayal ( !     
nation's int]e/s4  ,9 e act ( p>ty life 
& p>ty /rife we weigh ! s\l4 ,t ! p h a 
"r to h :at !y want is a fundam5tal     
pr9ciple 9 free gov]nm5t4 ,corruption 9 

gov]nm5t comes f ! attempt to sub/itute 
! w ( a m9ority = ! w ( ! majority4 ,e  
measure :i* comes up = consid]ation     
involves ju/ice & inju/ice--"r &        
wrong--& is1 !re=e1 a "q ( consci5ce4 ,z
 ju/ice is ! basis ( a nation's /r5g? & 
gives x hope ( p]petuity1 &1 z ! se$s ( 
decay are s[n :5ev] inju/ice ent]s into 
gov]nm5t1 patriotism z well z consci5ce 
leads u to analyze e public "q1 asc]ta9 
! moral pr9ciple involv$ & !n ca/ our   
influ5ce1 :e!r x be great or small1 on !
 side ( ju/ice4  ,! patriot mu/ desire !
 triumph ( t :i* is "r above ! triumph (
 t :i* he may ?9k to be "r if he is1 9  
fact1 mi/ak52 & s ! p>tizan1 if he be an
 intellig5t p>tizan1 mu/ be prep>$ to   
rejoice 9 8 p>ty's defeat if by t defeat
 8 c\ntry is ! ga9]4 ,"o c af=d to be 9 
a m9ority1 b he c n af=d to be wrong2 if
 he is 9 a m9ority & "r1 he w "s day be 
9 ! majority4  ,! activities ( politics 
c5t] ab\t ! election ( c&idates to      
(fice1 & ! (ficial1 "u our sy/em1       
repres5ts bo? ! p>ty to :i* he belongs &

 ! :ole body ( 8 con/itu5cy4 ,he has two
 temptations to )/&1 fir/1 ! temptation 
to sub/itute 8 own judgm5t = ! judgm5t (
 8 con/itu5ts1 & second1 ! temptation to
 put 8 pecuni>y int]e/s above ! int]e/s 
( ^? = :om he acts4 ,accord+ to !       
ari/ocratic idea1 ! repres5tative ?9ks =
 8 con/itu5ts2 accord+ to ! democratic  
idea1 ! repres5tative ?9ks ) 8          
con/itu5ts4 ,a repres5tative has no "r  
to defeat ! wi%es ( ^? :o elect him1 if 
he kn[s _! wi%es4  ,b a repres5tative is
 n liable to kn[+ly misrepres5t 8       
con/itu5ts unless he has pecuni>y       
int]e/s adv]se to !irs4 ,?is is !       
temptation to be resi/$--?is is ! s9 to 
be avoid$4 ,! (ficial :o uses 8 position
 to secure a pecuni>y advantage at !    
exp5se ( ^? = :om he acts is an embezzl]
 ( p[]--& an embezzl] ( p[] is z guilty 
( moral turpitude z ! embezzl] ( money4 
,!re is no bett] motto = ! public       
(ficial ?an t giv5 by ,solomon3 ,a good 
"n is r to be *os5 ?an great ri*es1 &   
lov+ favor r ?an silv] & gold4 ,& !re is

 no bett] rule = ! public (ficial to    
foll[ ?an ?is--to d no?+ t he w\ld n be 
will+ to h pr9t$ 9 ! newspap] next day4 
,"o :o ex]cises au?ority conf]r$ ^u him 
by ! suffrages ( 8 fell[s ought to be   
=tifi$ 9 8 integrity by ! consci\sness (
 ! fact t a betrayal ( 8 tru/ is hurtful
 to ! p>ty :i* honors him & unju/ to ! p
 :om he s]ves1 z well z injuri\s to     
himself4 ,no?+ t he c ga91 n ev5 ! :ole 
_w1 c comp5sate him = ! loss t he suff]s
 9 ! surr5d] ( a high ideal ( public    
duty4  ,p]mit me1 9 conclusion1 to say t
 ! nation1 z well z ! individual & !    
p>ty1 mu/ be measur$ by its purpose1 its
 ideals & its s]vice4 ,let him :o w\ld  
be *iefe/ among y be ! s]vant ( all1 0  
int5d$ = nations z well z = citiz5s4    
,our nation is ! greate/ 9 ! _w & !     
greate/ ( all "t1 because x is r5d]+ a  
l>g] s]vice ?an any o!r nation is r5d]+ 
or has r5d]$4 ,x is giv+ ! _w ideals 9  
education1 9 social life1 9 gov]nm5t & 9
 religion4 ,x is ! tea*] ( nations1 x is
 ! _w's tor*-be>]4 ,"h ! p are m free   

?an else:]e to prove all ?+s & hold fa/ 
t :i* is good2 to "k ! tru? & to f9d    
fre$om 9 t k4 ,no mat]ial consid]ations 
%\ld bl9d u to our nation's mission1 or 
turn u aside f ! accompli%m5t ( ! great 
"w :i* has be5 res]v$ = u4 ,our fields  
br+ =? abundantly & ! products ( our    
f>ms furni% food = _m 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,our
 mills & looms supply an increas+       
export1 b ^! are n our greate/ asset4   
,our mo/ f]tile soil is to be f\nd 9 !  
m9ds & ! he>ts ( our p1 & our mo/       
important manufactur+ plants are n our  
factories1 ) _! smok+ *imneys1 b our    
s*ools1 our colleges & our *ur*es1 :i*  
take 9 a priceless raw mat]ial & turn   
out ! mo/ valuable f9i%$ product t ! _w 
has kn[n4  ,we enjoy by inh]itance1 or  
by *oice1 ! bless+s ( ,am]ican          
citiz5%ip2 let u n be unm9dful ( !      
obligations :i* ^! bless+s impose4 ,let 
u n become s occupi$ 9 ! /ruggle = weal?
 or 9 ! conte/ = honors z to repudiate !
 debt t we owe to ^? :o h gone be=e u & 
to ^? :o be> ) u ! responsibilities t   

re/ ^u ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,society has  
claims ^u u2 our c\ntry makes dem&s ^u  
our "t1 our ?\ght & our purpose4 ,we c n
 %irk ^! duties )\t disgrace to         
ourselves & injury to ^? :o come aft] u4
 ,if "o is tempt$ to compla9 ( ! burd5s 
borne by ,am]ican citiz5s1 let him      
comp>e !m ) ! mu* l>g] burd5s impos$ by 
despots ^u _! subjects4  ,i *all5ge !   
doctr9e1 n[ be+ taught1 t we mu/ ent]   
into a mad rivalry ) ! ,old ,_w 9 !     
build+ ( battle%ips--! doctr9e t ! only 
way to pres]ve peace is to get ready =  
w>s t ought nev] to come6 ,x is a       
b>b>\s1 brutal1 un*ri/ian doctr9e--!    
doctr9e ( ! d>kness1 n ! doctr9e ( !    
dawn4  ,nation aft] nation1 :5 at ! z5i?
 ( its p[]1 has proclaim$ itself        
inv9cible because its army c\ld %ake !  
e>? ) its tread & its %ips c\ld fill !  
seas1 b ^! nations are dead1 & we mu/   
build ^u a diff]5t f\ndation if we w\ld 
avoid _! fate4  ,c>lyle1 9 ! clos+      
*apt]s ( 8 ,fr5* ,revolution says t     
?\ght is /rong] ?an artill]y p>ks & at  

la/ molds ! _w l s(t clay1 & !n he adds 
t back ( ?\ght is love4 ,c>lyle is "r4  
,love is ! greate/ p[] 9 ! _w4 ,!       
nations t are dead boa/$ t _! flag 0    
fe>$2 let x be our boa/ t our flag is   
lov$4 ,! nations t are dead boa/$ t p   
b[$ be=e _! flag1 let u n be cont5t     
until our flag repres5ts s5tim5ts s high
 & holy t ! oppre/ ( e l& w turn _!     
faces t[>d t flag & ?ank ,god t !re is  
"o flag t /&s = self-gov]nm5t & = !     
rights ( man4  ,! enlight5$ consci5ce ( 
our nation %\ld proclaim z ! c\ntry's   
cre$ t righte\sness exalte? a nation & t
 ju/ice is a nation's sure/ def5se4 ,if 
!re ev] 0 a nation x is ours--if !re ev]
 0 a "t x is n[--to put ,god's tru? to !
 te/4 ,) an ocean roll+ on ei!r side & a
 m\nta9 range along ei!r coa/ t all !   
armies ( ! _w c\ld nev] climb we ought n
 to be afraid to tru/ 9 ! wisdom ( do+  
"r4  ,our gov]nm5t1 conceiv$ 9 lib]ty & 
pur*as$ ) blood1 c be pres]v$ only by   
con/ant vigilance4 ,may we gu>d x z our 
*ildr5's ri*e/ legacy1 = :at %all x     

pr(it our nation if x %all ga9 ! :ole _w
 & lose ! _s t prizes lib]ty z ! h]itage
 ( all m5 9 all l&s ev]y:]e8