,,/ew>d%ip ,,( ,,! ,,soil  ,,wor/     ,!
 ,,/ew>d%ip ,,( ,,! ,,soil  ,illu/ration
  ,address by  ,,john ,,h5ry ,,wor/     
,presid5t ( ,,nor? ,,dakota             
,,agricultural ,,college      ,!        
,/ew>d%ip ( ! ,soil  ,,baccalaureate    
,,address ,,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,wor/     
,,presid5t ,,nor? ,,dakota              
,,agricultural ,,college  ,illu/ration  
,deliv]$ at ! ,tw5ty ,fir/ ,annual      
,comm5cem5t ( ! ,nor? ,dakota           
,agricultural ,college ,f>go1 ,nor?     
,dakota1 ,june ,six?1 ,n9ete5 ,hundr$   
,fifte5    ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,h5ry  
,,wor/     ,! ,/ew>d%ip ( ! ,soil  ,by  
,j4 ,h4 ,,wor/   ,our ambiti\s "y       
commonweal?1 9 conjunction ) o!r /ates  
compris+ ! great ,nor?we/1 occupies a   
comm&+ position 9 ! indu/rial & economic
 affairs ( ?is nation4  ,m9es ( gold &  
silv] or =e/s primeval ,nor? ,dakota    
does n h2 b f ! millions ( f]tile acres 
compris+ our va/ agricultural empire1 we
 may reap a gold5 h>ve/ e ye> t w exce$ 
9 weal? ! output ( all ! gold5 plac]s 9 

! we/]n m\nta9s4  ,! h>ve/ ( m9]als1    
h[ev]1 c be ga!r$ b once4 ,"t w n re/ore
 ! preci\s nuggets4  ,! =e/s once h>ve/$
 c1 at great exp5se1 be r5ew$ 9 ! c\rse 
( a c5tury2 b our h>ve/ ( dome/ic plants
 & animals recurs ) e pass+ season to   
recomp5se ! f>m] = 8 toil & to enri* !  
f>m]'s fri5ds4  ,:at a preci\s !me is   
h>ve/6 ,! hopes1 ! well-be+1 ! life ( ! 
_w is fa/ b\nd up 9 ! magic ( ?is s+le  
^w4  ,! soil ^u :i* ! h>ve/ dep5ds1     
moreov]1 is ,god's b5$iction to         
humanity4 ,measur$ by consequ5ces1      
,heav5 has v\*saf$ no =m ( /ew>d%ip t is
 fraught ) su* trem5d\s responsibilities
 z ?is /ew>d%ip ( ! soil4 ,9 ! f9al     
analysis ?is /ew>d%ip repres5ts ! f>m]'s
 obligation to society4  ,& yet sacr$ z 
is ! soil & b9d+ z is ! f>m]'s          
obligation to society1 ! means = provid+
 ! _w's food is nev]!less at 8 m]cy4  ,x
 is a well-kn[n fact t ! soil c readily 
be deplet$ ( its f]tility & ?us robb$ ( 
its /r5g? by a sy/em ( exploitation1    
commonly ref]r$ to z ext5sive f>m+4 ,too

 mu* ( our l& is be+ ?us exploit$4 ,on !
 o!r h& ! productiv5ess ( ! soil may be 
v greatly improv$4 ,d5m>k1 ,belgium1    
,g]many1 & o!r ,european nations h fully
 demon/rat$1 t by ! application ( sci5ce
 to ! art ( agriculture1 ! productiv5ess
 ( ! soil c be multipli$ almo/ to !     
limit ( necessity4  ,a ,progressive     
,agriculture4 ,=tunately ,nature has    
suppli$ e means = ! developm5t ( a      
progressive & p]man5t agriculture4 ,x is
 also obvi\s t x is man's privilege1 if 
n 8 mission1 to improve ^u ,nature--to  
sub/itute quality = m]e physical        
endurance1 9 agricultural products4  ,by
 ! grace ( ,provid5ce ! individuals ( ! 
animal & vegetable k+doms 7 n creat$    
inflexible 9 habit or p]fect 9 =m1 b !y 
may be *ang$ 9 "* & quality & intr9sic  
wor? at ! w ( ! intellig5t & obs]v+     
f>m]4 ,to ?is end agricultural education
 l5ds its b5efic5t influ5ce4 ,man's     
dom9ion ov] ,nature w\ld be su* 9 "n    
only 7 x n = ! class-room & !           
laboratory1 = rese>* & inve/igation2 =  

by ^! means sci5tific k is obta9$ &     
diffus$ & ev5tually br\ght to be> ^u !  
solution ( ! mo/ vital problems t conc]n
 ! human family4 ,^! problems c5t]      
l>gely ar\nd food & clo?+4 ,to supply ^!
 necessities an indu/ry is creat$--!    
bus9ess ( agriculture--! mo/ important  
indu/ry 9 all ! _w4 ,an indu/ry ( su*   
fundam5tal importance1 moreov]1 %\ld    
receive f ! /ates & f ! f$]al gov]nm5t  
f9ancial consid]ation 9 proportion to   
its moral & economic importance z well z
 to ! probabilities t may be ent]ta9$ = 
its cont9u$ improvem5t4 ,= abundant z   
are e>?'s natural res\rces1 yet )\t !   
aid & direction ( human intellig5ce !y  
c\ld n supply ! _w's ev] increas+       
population ) food1 clo?+ & %elt]4       
,comply+ ) kn[n conditions ( natural    
reciprocity1 h[ev]1 ! animal & vegetable
 k+doms submit to :atev] modifications  
become necess>y 9 ord] to supply ! ne$s 
( ! human family4  ,nature's ,=ces      
,op]ate ,bl9dly4 ,mov$1 !re=e1 p>tly by 
necessity & p>tly by curiosity1 !       

mat]ial _w has be5 & is be+ cont9ually  
modifi$ by ! +5uity ( man4 ,undirect$1  
h[ev]1 ,nature's =ces act bl9dly2 h5ce1 
produce ma9ly su* qualities 9 organic   
life z endurance1 or adaptation to local
 soil & climatic conditions4 ,9 ! animal
 & vegetable k+doms ! univ]sal dem& (   
,nature is to p]petuate _! species--to  
produce aft] _! own k9d4 ,9 accordance )
 ?is law ! humble/ plant or animal is   
compell$ to ma9ta9 a p]petual w>f>e     
aga9/ its fell[s = means ( subsi/5ce4   
,?is competition = n\ri%m5t is usually s
 %>p & cont9u\s t m]e exi/5ce or        
endurance r ?an excell5ce or quality1   
seems to be ! end & aim ( natural law4  
,h5ce1 ! /rong survive & ! weak p]i%4   
,beg9n+s ( ,agriculture4 ,"h agriculture
 beg9s4 ,by reliev+ plants ( ?is int5se 
competition by means ( tillage1 & by    
select+ ! mo/ promis+ = dome/ication1 !y
 are enabl$ to use all _! en]gy = !     
developm5t ( ^? qualities :i* add to _! 
intr9sic value1 in/ead ( exp5d+ x 9 !   
/ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,giv51 ?us1 free     

access to ! soil & sun%9e1 ) ne$ful     
n\ri%m5t suppli$ & _! fung\s or         
p>asitical enemies de/roy$1 ! dome/icat$
 plants yield tru/ful ob$i5ce to !      
protect+ h& ( ! husb&man4 ,fre$ altoge!r
 f ! necessity ( self-protection !y     
become prolific & p\r into ! _w's bread 
basket 9 m>vel\s abundance ! se$s--a    
s+le "o ( :i* w\ld suffice to answ]     
,nature's law = ! propagation ( species4
 ,?is surplus ( yield = :i* ea* plant   
has ne$ ( b a s+le se$1 & m especially  
?is improvem5t ( quality = :i* ! plant  
has no conc]n1 is ,nature's reciprocal  
rew>d = hav+ giv5 h] *ildr5 gratuit\sly 
t protection :i* o!rwise !y w\ld h _h to
 provide = !mselves4  ,nor is animal    
life less susceptible ( improvem5t4     
,betwe5 ! animal wild & ! animal        
dome/icat$--t is :e!r ,nature-br$ or    
man-br$--! range 9 quality is z m>k$ z t
 :i* sep>ates ! savage f ! philosoph]4  
,nature dem&s only /r5g?1 endurance2 b  
man dem&s quality & excell5ce1 & he     
proce$s sci5tifically to accompli% 8    

purpose4 ,by consci\s design & a sort ( 
m5tal ar*itecture ! animal to be is     
plann$1 & ! picture ?us conceiv$ 9 !    
bra9 ( ! bre$] becomes inc>nat$ 9 ! =m1 
size & "* ( ! animal4 ,n only is !      
animal creat$ ) ! desir$ quality z to   
its p>ts & products1 b its nature is    
trans=m$ f fe> & f]ocity to t ( tru/ &  
docility4  ,= example ! desc5dants ( !  
wild horse are n only *ang$ f vici\s    
brutes to tru/ful bea/s ( burd51 b are  
also diff]5tiat$ into _m diff]5t bre$s  
to meet ! dem&s ( /r5g?1 spe$ or        
endurance4 ,specim5s ( su* bre$s z !    
,belgian1 ,p]*]on or ,hambletonian exi/ 
z monum5ts to ! bre$]'s art no less     
r5[n$ & = m useful purpose ?an any?+ 9  
,nature1 ! lik5ess ( :i* ! sculptor has 
wr\ght 9 m>ble or ! arti/ has transf]r$ 
f life to canvass4  ,f ! wild buffalo1  
presumably1 ! ideal /ra9s ( p$igree k9e1
 = beef or dairy products1 h be5 creat$ 
z surely & ev5 m sci5tifically ?an !    
sculptor has immortaliz$ 8 ideals 9     
granite or m>ble4  ,?us animal life is  

to ! skillful bre$] z clay 9 ! h&s ( !  
pott]1 & ?\gh a sup]s5sitive &          
artificial g5]ation may look ^u ?is =m (
 g5ius z vulg>1 x nev]!less is ,god's "w
 & ! do]s !re( are work+ ) ,god4 ,= )\t 
?is inc>nation ( quality into plant &   
animal life ! _w's population c\ld n    
supply its fundam5tal wants nor c\ld    
civilization rise above ! animal in/9cts
 9 man4  ,! f>m]1 !re=e1 is a mo/       
important p]sonage1 & 8 vocation ! mo/  
absolutely ne$ful 9 all ! _w4 ,! f>m] is
 9 v tru? a creator1 c]ta9ly a          
co-creator1 improv+ ,nature by ! aid (  
sci5ce1 j z ! human m9d & "* are improv$
 by means ( education4 ,& :5 ! prejudice
 ( ! ages has be5 roll$ away ! "n f>m] w
 rank among ! mo/ envi$ names t enri*   
our "m tongue4 ,"h1 inde$1 may be v]ifi$
 ! sav+3 ,! fir/ %all be la/ & ! la/    
%all be fir/4  ,:ile we honor !         
sculptor1 ! pa9t] or ! poet ^: g5ius    
p>takes ( ! immortal1 & yet satisfies no
 hungry m\?1 "s degree ( honor might    
well be giv5 to ?is o!r sort ( g5ius :i*

 has multipli$ human food beyond        
computation & has o!rwise s l>gely      
mitigat$ ! burd5s ( life4  ,vocational  
,education4 ,f ! =ego+ x is little wond]
 t ! education ( ! masses is surely &   
rapidly gravitat+ f ! classical to !    
utilit>ian1 f ! =mal to ! vocational4 ,!
 _w's "w mu/ be done1 & z ^? ^: /ew>d%ip
 is ! soil are compell$ to r5d] a comb9$
 physical & m5tal s]vice 9 ord] to      
dis*>ge _! social obligations1 !y are   
entitl$ to education 9 h>mony ) ! tasks 
await+ !m1 to ! end t !y may "w         
intellig5tly1 h5ce joyfully4            
,agriculture & eng9e]+1 !re=e1 are      
fundam5tal vocations :5 consid]$ ei!r f 
! view-po9t ( necessity or ! c\ntry's   
prosp]ity4 ,by _m1 h[ev]1 ! spiritual   
well-be+ ( a p is consid]$ p>am\nt1 & 9 
a s5se x is1 b a *e]ful s\l seldom      
inhabits a nak$ or hungry body4  ,z     
food1 clo?+ & %elt] are absolute        
necessities1 no degree ( culture or     
religi\s en?usiasm c r5d] !m less       
ne$ful4 ,heav5's *oice/ physical gift1 !

 soil1 provides ! means = acquir+ ^!    
indisp5sable necessities1 & ! vocation t
 accepts ! responsibility ( its /ew>d%ip
 m9i/]s to ! physical1 z educators m9i/]
 to ! m5tal1 or ! cl]gy to ! spiritual  
ne$s ( man4 ,moreov]1 9 ! ord] ( ,nature
 ! physical takes prec$5ce1 be+ prim>y &
 basic1 & until legitimate physical     
wants are suppli$1 nei!r m5tal nor      
spiritual food c be satisfactorily      
assimilat$4  ,a commonweal?1 !re=e1 t   
educates h] *ildr5 9 due proportion to &
 9 h>mony ) ! dem&s ( h] pr9cipal       
indu/ry1 acts ! "p ( wisdom4 ,9 ?is !   
/ate becomes ! s]vant ( bo? pres5t &    
future g5]ations by tra9+ h] *ildr5 = ! 
cons]vation ( ,nature's gifts1 :ile yet 
multiply+ _! use = ! com=t & happ9ess ( 
all ! p4 ,if ! cl]gy w\ld prea*         
occasionally f ! book ( ,nature1 !y w\ld
 discov] a proximity to & dep5d5ce ^u   
,god enjoy$ by him :o s[s & reaps1 :o   
cultivates animals & fl[]s1 :o creates  
?+s & works miracles z 8 ord9>y life "w1
 :i* few o!rs c enjoy4 ,su* !mes might n

 only be exp\nd$ ) pr(it to ^? :o "w _! 
fell[m51 b %\ld also be impress$ betimes
 ^u ^? :o "w ! soil = ! good ( _!       
fell[m54  ,! ,p>am\nt ,problem4 ,!      
p>am\nt problem1 !re=e1 is to make !    
conditions ( rural life desirable--to   
conv]t f>m+ into an enjoyable vocation2 
to make f>m life & its labors a bus9ess 
to be envi$ & n despis$4 ,! fact is1    
plann+ = beauty & com=t 9 ! city has    
progress$ f> & away beyond ! c\ntry4 ,x 
n[ b rema9s = ! c\ntry to cat* up & g ! 
city _m times bett]4 ,?is is entirely   
possible1 s9ce ! great out doors is a   
c\ntry h]itage & ample spaces are       
available = ext]ior delights su* z      
trees1 %rubb]y & fl[]s1 & = free access 
to abundance ( pure air & sun%9e4       
,moreov]1 we %\ld n =get t we are n[    
liv+ 9 a new _w4 ,! old agriculture &   
its associat$ rural indu/ries h be5 %ak5
 to _! v f\ndation4 ,?is makes !        
solution ( ! rural problem1 to "s ext5t1
 speculative4  ,= "o ?+ ! c\ntry is     
becom+ urbaniz$4 ,?is may prove helpful4

 ,aga9 x may n4 ,individualism1 h[ev]1  
is giv+ place m & m to comm]cializ$     
ent]prise4 ,at ! same "t ! evils (      
transi5t t5antry foll[ close ^u ! heels 
( successful f>m+1 :]e f>m]s r5t _! l& &
 move to t[n2 & also ( unsuccessful     
f>m+1 :]e ! mortgage %>k ev5tually      
becomes possess$ ( ! l&4 ,:at ! /ate    
ne$s to enc\rage1 !re=e1 is f>m own]%ip 
by ! _m r ?an by ! few1 & f>m own]%ip r 
?an f>m t5antry4 ,we mu/ reta9 on ! f>m1
 z f>m]s1 ! be/ type ( ,am]ican manhood 
& womanhood or ! nation w fall into     
decay1 j z ,rome fell ) ! decl9e ( h]   
agr>ian influ5ce4  ,! consolidat$ c\ntry
 s*ool1 by r5d]+ obsolete ! "o room     
di/rict s*ool h\se1 is a progressive /ep
 t[>d improv$ educational facilities =  
rural *ildr54  ,! c\ntry *ur*1 on ! o!r 
h&1 has become m decad5t ?an aggressive4
 ,?is among o!r rural ag5cies is n      
organiz$ 9 proportion to its importance4
 ,"s progress1 h[ev]1 is be+ made by    
means ( social organizations1 b !       
ultimate solution ( ! rural problem     

dep5ds m l>gely ^u education ?an ^u any 
o!r s+le factor4  ,rural ,social        
,lead]s4 ,rural social lead]s 9 full    
sympa?y ) ! c\ntry life movem5t w f9d "h
 a fruitful field = e>ne/ endeavor4 ,to 
no class %\ld ! /ate look = su*         
lead]%ip1 & ) s mu* assurance1 z to !   
alumni ( its ,agricultural ,college4    
,educat$ at public exp5se & 9 an        
in/itution ( high] le>n+ t /&s          
specifically = all-r\nd rural improvem5t
 & rural patriotism1 ! /ud5ts t g out f 
?is college _c mis9t]pret _! duties nor 
fail to und]/& ! responsibilities !y    
assume z graduates ( ! ,nor? ,dakota    
,agricultural ,college4 ,nor is _! field
 ( labor an un5viable "o4 ,x may at     
times seem irksome1 ev5 disc\rag+1 b    
nev]!less x is ! mo/ exalt$ & dignifi$  
call+ to :i* m5 & wom5 ( special tra9+ &
 culture c aspire4  ,to rescue ! soil f 
! indiff]5ce & gre$ & selfi%ness :]e9   
?is g5]ation unwitt+ly robs succe$+     
g5]ations ( _! rightful inh]itance1 & to
 rescue ! v vocation ( agriculture f    

m]c5>y int]e/s is a mission wor?y ( !   
be/ lead]%ip & patriotism ( our day4 ,b 
x mu/ n /op ev5 at ?is4 ,! public welf>e
 dem&s t ne>ly half ! population ( !    
entire c\ntry1 & c]ta9ly f\r-fif?s ( !  
population ( ?is /ate1 %all p]man5tly   
pursue agriculture = a livelihood4 ,?is 
vocation1 !re=e1 mu/ be made s desirable
 & satisfy+ t t numb] w joyfully accept 
x z a matt] ( free *oice4 ,x mu/ be s   
develop$ t x w af=d an unsurpass$ m>ket 
= en]gy & bra9s1 & s indep5d5t (        
p>asitical int]e/s t :5 two bu%els (    
:eat are gr[n :]e "o n[ gr[s ! produc] w
 receive ! b5efit4  ,increas$           
,production ,n ,suffici5t4 ,hi!rto !    
ag5cies = rural improvem5t1 bo? /ate &  
f$]al1 h direct$ _! en]gies *iefly t[>d 
increas$ production4 ,& ?is ) b scant   
consid]ation = pr(its t %\ld be realiz$ 
by ! produc] z a result ( ! l>g] yields4
 ,mat]ial prosp]ity1 h[ev]1 is n a      
suffici5t motive1 except :]e x assur$ly 
is us$ to improve ! moral & social      
conditions ( ! community life4 ,to d\ble

 ! yield ( crops )\t d\bl+ ! enjoym5ts (
 liv+ & improv+ home com=ts accord+ly1 w
 avail b little t[>d develop+ rural     
conditions t w )/& ! competition & false
 allurem5ts ( ! city4  ,urban ,deg5]acy4
 ,a nation's /r5g?1 moreov]1 is a matt] 
( blood & bra9 fib]4 ,urban deg5]acy is 
an accept$ biological fact4 ,!          
dissipation1 lack ( physical ex]cise 9 !
 op5 air1 & high pressure liv+ & work+  
leaves 9 its trail a prog5y dim9i%+ 9   
numb]s & decad5t 9 ^? high qualities    
ess5tial to good gov]nm5t4  ,democracy1 
z a p]man5t in/itution1 h[ev]1 is n yet 
an assur$ fact4 ,! exp]im5t (           
self-gov]nm5t is /ill 9 ! mak+4 ,its    
p]petuity _c be pr$icat$ ^u s*em+       
trad]s1 money brok]s & political        
manipulators1 b mu/ dep5d 9 ! la/       
analysis ^u ! solid phlegm & cons]vatism
 ( its rural di/ricts :]e m5 are too    
busy ) productive labor to s*eme =      
political (fice or une>n$ weal?4 ,9 o!r 
words1 & ,i speak x ) s9c]ity1 ! rural  
population cons]ves ! real dep5dable    

life blood ( ?is nation4 ,x is an       
accept$ fact t 9 e crisis ( our c\ntry's
 hi/ory ! rural population 0 n only on !
 side ( "r1 b ready to def5d ! nation's 
honor ) _! votes or ) _! blood4  ,:5 !  
nation's debt 0 appall+ & money p\r$    
into ! national treasury 9 b feeble     
curr5ts1 ! t>iffs t repl5i%$ x aga9 7   
borne l a "y ,h]cules by ! f>m+ class1  
?\gh !y receiv$ b a m9imum ( its        
protection4 ,e influ5ce1 !re=e1 t t5ds  
to exalt agriculture z a pr(ession1 &   
f>m+ z a desirable mode ( life1 :e!r x  
be intellectual1 political1 e?ical or   
spiritual1 is = ! g5]al welf>e4  ,! "t  
is n f> di/ant1 let u hope & pray1 :5   
agriculture w ca/ (f ! ?ralldom ( ! ages
 & ass]t h] own4 ,b n until ! sons &    
daught]s ( ! c\ntry1 tra9$ = rural      
social & indu/rial s]vice1 z y are be+  
tra9$1 ass]t an aggressive lead]%ip1 )  
g5u9e patriotism = ! ne$s ( ! op5       
c\ntry1 w ! dom9ation ( ult]ior int]e/s 
be remov$ & agriculture made free to    
manage its educational in/itutions &    

bus9ess affairs1 9 "p at lea/1 = its own
 good4  ,! ,rural ,s*ool ,problem4 ,s9ce
 education is ! gov]n+ factor1          
especially s f> z x directs ! attitude (
 rural *ildr5 t[>d rural conditions1 !  
c\ntry s*ool %\ld be s r$irect$ &       
revitaliz$ z to /ir into action         
community =ces :i* are n[ dormant2 & to 
make ! rural s*ool a /rong & effici5t   
social c5t]1 work+ = ! upbuild+ ( all ! 
v>i$ int]e/s ( a heal?y rural life4     
,! r$irection ( rural education means t 
! s*ool is to      ab&on its city ideals
 & /&>ds1 except z ^! are      adaptable
 to rural z well z to city s*ools1 & to 
develop its      in/ruction ) ref]5ce to
 its environm5t & ! local      int]e/s &
 ne$s4 ,! ma9 ef=ts ( its in/ruction    
%\ld be      to put its pupils into     
sympa!tic t\* ) ! rural life ab\t       
!m1 9 :i* ! great majority ( !m ought to
 f9d _!      future homes4--,cubb]ley4  
,! away-f-!-f>m-influ5ce ( rural        
education :i* has 9 ! pa/ prov$ a s]i\s 
h&icap to rural progress & op5 c\ntry   

pursuits1 w\ld ?us be mat]ially         
c\nt]act$4  ,quot+ ,cubb]ley aga93      
,! uni=m text-books :i* h be5 introduc$ 
by law1 7      books writt5 prim>ily = !
 city *ild2 ! grad$ c\rse (      /udy 0 
a city c\rse ( /udy2 ! ideals ( ! s*ool 
become1      9 l>ge "p1 city &          
pr(essional 9 type2 & ! city-educat$    
& city-tra9$ tea*]s h talk$ ( ! city1   
ov]-emphasiz$      ! affairs ( ! city1 &
 sigh$ to get back to ! city to         
tea*4 ,! subjects ( in/ruction h be5    
=mal &      traditional1 & ! c\rse (    
in/ruction has be5 design$ m      to    
prep>e = entrance to a city or t[n high 
s*ool ?an = life      9 ! op5 c\ntry4 ,s
 f> z ! s*ool has be5 vocational 9      
_s1 x has be5 ! city vocations &        
pr(essions = :i* x      has t5d$ to     
prep>e its pupils1 & n ! vocations ( !  
f>m      & ! home4  ,!n says ,roosevelt3
       ,our s*ool sy/em is gravely      
defective 9 s f> z x puts a      premium
 ^u m]e lit]>y tra9+ & t5ds1 !re=e1 to  
tra9      ! boy away f ! f>m & work%op4 

,no?+ is m ne$$      ?an ! be/ type ( an
 indu/rial s*ool1 ! s*ool =             
me*anical indu/ries 9 ! cities & = tea*+
 agriculture 9      ! c\ntry4 ,no gr[? (
 cities1 no gr[? ( weal? c make up      
= any loss 9 ei!r ! numb] or ! "* ( !   
f>m+      population4 ,we ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates %\ld realize ?is above mo/       
o!r p4 ,we began our exi/5ce z a nation 
( f>m]s1 & 9      e crisis ( ! pa/ a    
peculi> dep5d5ce has _h to be plac$     
^u ! f>m+ population1 & ?is dep5d5ce has
 hi!rto be5      ju/ifi$4  ,! ,rural    
,*ur* ,problem4 ,no p]man5t rural       
civilization1 h[ev]1 c be ma9ta9$ t w   
atta* ! population to ! soil )          
satisfaction & cont5tm5t )\t provision  
be+ made = enjoy+ religi\s s]vices among
 p ( _! own k9d & class4 ,?is           
necessitates a social & religi\s c5t] = 
e rural community4 ,! *ur* c & %\ld be  
made su* social c5t]4 ,= economic &     
social reasons1 h[ev]1 d5om9ationalism c
 well be disp5s$ )1 z su*1 & j pla9     
,*ri/ianity sub/itut$ = sect>ianism4 ,a 

social c5t] ?us ma9ta9$ w /imulate      
neighborly int]c\rse & satisfy ! dem&s (
 bo? "y & old = religi\s culture1 =     
recreation & pa/ime4 ,:]e s*ools are    
consolidat$ ! s*ool h\se & gr\nds w     
answ] = all ga!r+s :e!r = wor%ip1 = !   
discussion ( civic or neighborhood      
problems or = recreation & amusem5t4 ,= 
)\t su* neighborhood int]c\rse1 life    
det]iorates into a dull r\t9e1 & ! moral
 & religi\s tone ( a community1         
deg5]ates4 ,moreov]1 "u su* conditions1 
"y p become disgu/$ ) its monotony &    
aimlessness1 & seek city employm5t4  ,b 
be=e ! c\ntry *ur* c be made an effici5t
 community =ce1 pa/ors mu/ be f\nd or   
creat$ t meet ! conditions ( c\ntry     
life4 ,a mo/ excell5t city pa/or might  
prove to be a regrettable misfit 9 a    
rural community4 ,moreov]1 ! mod]n cl]gy
 seem q z prone to h]d 9 ! t[ns & cities
 z ! re/ ( mank9d1 :i* fact has a bad   
influ5ce on ! y\? ( ! c\ntry4  ,quot+ f 
,rural ,life & ,education3 ,! rural     
m9i/] ne$s economic & agricultural k m  

?an !ological1 t he may use ! economic &
 agricultural exp]i5ces ( 8 p z a basis 
= ! build+-up ( _! e?ical life2 he ne$s 
educational k1 t he may direct 8 ef=ts )
 ! "y along good p$agogical l9es2 & !   
*ur* z an in/itution ne$s to /udy       
c>efully ! rural-life problem1 & to plan
 a program ( useful s]vice along good   
educational & sociological l9es4 ,unless
 ?is is done1 ! *ur* w be> b little     
relation%ip to a liv+ community2 its    
influ5ce on ! "y w be small2 & its      
mission ( moral & religi\s lead]%ip w be
 =gott5 by ! p4  ,o!r ,ag5cies = ,rural 
,improvem5t4 ,9 addition to provid+     
c\ntry s*ools & employ+ rural s*ool     
tea*]s z effici5t z ! be/ 9 ! t[ns1 & ! 
c\ntry *ur* reawak5$ & conv]t$ into an  
effici5t in/itution = progress1 !       
,grange1 f>m]s' clubs1 ! ,y4 ,m4 & ,y4  
,w4 ,c4 ,a41 ! rural libr>y1 boys &     
girls' clubs1 f>m]s' in/itutes1 woman's 
clubs1 lit]>y & debat+ societies &      
amateur !atricals1 ( :i* ! ,little      
,c\ntry ,!atre is ! be/ expon5t1 c )    

pr(it be incorporat$ into ! life ( e    
rural community t ma9ta9s a social c5t]1
 & t takes g5u9e pride 9 mak+ c\ntry    
life :at ! possibilities s readily      
w>rant4  ,no "o ( ^! sep>ate            
organizations1 ev5 ?\gh fully develop$ &
 e>ne/ly support$1 w altoge!r satisfy ! 
ne$s ( a community4 ,no "o ( !m %\ld be 
ov]-emphasiz$ = its own sake alone1 =   
ea* is b a "p ( ! community ne$4 ,all   
are ne$$4 ,! fri5ds ( ea*1 !re=e1 %\ld  
"w = all & all "w = ea*1 & becom+ ?us   
f$]at$1 !y w prove to be a positive =ce 
& e/abli%1 beyond "q1 a community _s    
satisfactory to old & "y alike4  ,a     
suffici5t numb] ( ^! rural social       
in/itutions to meet ! *ang$ conditions (
 mod]n life is z ess5tial z a           
progressive & highly cont5t$            
agriculture2 = )\t su* in/itutions      
agriculture w decl9e until on a level ) 
! peasantry ( o!r & less favor$         
c\ntries4 ,= j 9 proportion z           
agriculture advances or decl9es w !     
prosp]ity ( ! p rise or fall1 & !       

integrity ( our gov]nm5t be /able or    
que/ionable4 ,?is fact has be5 cle>ly   
demon/rat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( nations2 h5ce1  
/ew>d%ip ( ! soil embraces n only       
cons]vation ( its f]tility1 b ! fo/]+ ( 
su* social in/itutions & educational    
=ces z may be necess>y to support a     
rural civilization t w m9i/] to all !   
physical1 m5tal & spiritual wants ( a   
highly intellectual & p]man5t           
population4 ,said ,james ,a4 ,g>field3  
,! high] education ( ! village & city   
y\?1 toge!r )      a modicum ( ! c\ntry 
y\?1 ) only ! fif? to eigh? grade      =
 ! be/ blood ( ! /ate may /& = !        
educator's      ideals1 b x is bad = !  
c\ntry z a :ole4 ,x t5ds to make        
ari/ocrats ( ! poore/ & slaves ( ! be/  
blood4 ,education      is = all1 n = a  
favor$ few4  ,! ,morrill ,act4 ,!       
,morrill ,act ( #ahfb 0 ! fir/ important
 /ep t[>d ! emancipation ( agriculture4 
,! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,l& ,grant ,colleges 0
 ! bigge/ piece ( con/ructive           
legislation t ,congress has enact$ dur+ 

! pa/ c5tury4 ,by means ( high]         
education ?us r$irect$ & vitaliz$1      
indu/rial indep5d5ce w ultimately be    
realiz$4 ,b ! "w moves sl[ly4 ,h[ev]1 9 
spite ( ridicule & unm]it$ h&icaps1 &   
ev5 ! contempt ( too _m ( ! f>m+ class1 
^! in/itutions h gr[n /eadily 9 influ5ce
 & p[]4  ,! ,nor? ,dakota ,agricultural 
,college directs its en]gies t[>d a     
sy/em ( education t at once af=ds all ! 
means ( culture & "* build+ t collegiate
 c\rses ( /udy c (f]1 yet )\t dep>t+    
mat]ially f giv+ special emphasis to ^? 
subjects :i* are directly relat$ to !   
homes & ! *ief indu/ry ( ! /ate4  ,!    
purpose is n only to increase production
 z a means ( pr(it & to r5d] helpful    
social s]vice1 b to make f>m life &     
rural conditions s agreeable & satisfy+ 
t ! *oice ( agricultural pursuits1 on ! 
"p ( educat$ "y p1 w prove z popul> &   
invit+ z t ( any o!r indu/ry or         
pr(ession4 ,?is is n an impossibility4  
,f an educational view-po9t no vocation 
exce$s agriculture 9 ! mat]ial available

 = call+ out ! be/ !re is 9 man1        
spiritually or intellectually4 ,f a     
social view-po9t1 ! c\ntry repres5ts !  
pure/ & mo/ neighborly sympa?ies4 ,& f  
an indu/rial view-po9t x is ! /ate's    
support & %\ld be ! /ate's pride4 ,nor? 
,dakota w exp& 9 weal? & influ5ce1      
!re=e1 9 proportion z %e ?r[s wide op5 !
 door ( agricultural opportunity = ! "y 
p ( ! /ate4 ,?is %e c be/ accompli% by  
means ( public education express$ 9 t]ms
 ( rural life4  ,aft] tw5ty ye>s (      
s]vice z ,presid5t ( y\r ,agricultural  
,college1 ,i f9d t my *ief gratification
 comes f hav+ associat$ daily ) a loyal 
& dep5dable faculty & ) s _m clean1     
ambiti\s & sympa!tic "y m5 & wom54  ,9 y
 & ! ?\s&s ( ,agricultural ,college     
/ud5ts scatt]$ ov] ?is & adjo9+ /ates1  
_m ( !m hav+ already won enviable       
di/9ction by _! public s]vices1 & all   
giv+ evid5ce ( mo/ exempl>y citiz5%ip1  
,i n only take s9c]e pride b also f9d my
 *ief rew>d4 ,o!rs may s*eme = weal? or 
fame1 b = "o at my "t 9 life1 ,i w\ld n 

ex*ange ! fri5d%ip ( ! ,agricultural    
,college /ud5t body1 pa/ & pres5t1 =    
e>?ly ri*es or p]sonal honor4  ,i h     
implicit fai? 9 ! future ( our          
,agricultural ,college z ,i h 9 ?is     
great agricultural /ate4 ,h] broad acres
 are be+ rapidly occupi$ by a           
progressive & ent]pris+ husb&ry4 ,h]    
cities & villages keep pace ) h] rural  
developm5t4 ,! dreams ( ! pione]s are   
fa/ becom+ realities4 ,! er/:ile home ( 
! r$ man & ! fe$+ gr\nd ( ! bison1 are  
de/9$ soon to be ?ickly dott$ ov] )     
luxuri\s f>m/eads1 made beautiful by !  
arts ( civilization & prosp]\s by !     
skill & indu/ry ( a happy & cont5t$     
rural population4  ,/ud5ts ( !          
,agricultural ,college1 y\r mission lies
 9 ?is direction4 ,y\r influ5ce ^u !    
future developm5t ( ?is /ate w be z     
c]ta9 z x w be b5efici5t4 ,! door (     
opportunity /&s aj>1 invit+ y to ent] & 
%>e ! bless+s t rew>d ! indu/ri\s & reap
 ! honors t cr[n ! lives ( ^? ^:        
/ew>d%ip has be5 fai?fully kept4 ,may no

 temptation ev] sw]ve y f loyalty to !  
cause :i* y\r alma mat] repres5ts4 ,too 
(t5 ! enemies ( indu/rial fre$om capture
 ) ! bl&i%m5ts ( vanity1 ! tru/$ lead]s 
( re=m4  ,let y\r he>ts1 !re=e1 ev] beat
 true = ! be/ !re may be 9 /ore = ^? ^: 
sweat f]tilizes ! bus9ess ( ! /ate4 ,!  
cause ( ! p %\ld ev] be y\r cause1 &    
hav+ receiv$ y\r education l>gely at _! 
exp5se1 sp>e n a g5]\s s]vice 9 return =
 ! academic honors t n[ await y4