,the ,song ,celestial4 or ,bhagavad-,gita 7,from the ,mahabharata7 ,being a ,discourse ,between ,arjuna1 ,prince of ,india1 and the ,supreme ,being ,under the ,form of ,krishna ,translated from the ,sanskrit ,text by ,sir ,edwin ,arnold1 ,m4,a41 ,k4,c4,i4,e41 ,c4,s4,i4 ,new ,york ,truslove1 ,hanson ,comba1 ,ltd4 #fg ,fifth ,avenue #aijj ,dedication ,,to ,,india ,so have ,i read this wonderful and spirit-thrilling speech1 ,by ,krishna and ,prince ,arjun held1 discoursing each with each2 ,so have ,i writ its wisdom here1--its hidden mystery1 ,for ,england2 ,o our ,india6 as dear to me as ,she6 ,,edwin ,,arnold ,,preface ,this famous and marvellous ,sanskrit poem occurs as an episode of the ,mahabharata1 in the sixth--or ,bhishma--,parva of the great ,hindoo epic4 ,it enjoys immense popularity and authority in ,india1 where it is reckoned as one of the ,five ,jewels1--pancharatnani--of ,devanagiri literature4 ,in plain but noble language it unfolds a philosophical system which remains to this day the prevailing ,brahmanic belief1 blending as it does the doctrines of ,kapila1 ,patanjali1 and the ,vedas4 ,so lofty are many of its declarations1 so sublime its aspirations1 so pure and tender its piety1 that ,schlegel1 after his study of the poem1 breaks forth into this outburst of delight and praise towards its unknown author3 ,magistrorum reverentia a ,brachmanis inter sanctissima pietatis officia refertur4 ,ergo te primum1 ,vates sanctissime1 ,numinisque hypopheta6 quisquis tandem inter mortales dictus tu fueris1 carminis bujus auctor11 cujus oraculis mens ad excelsa quaeque1quaeque11 aeterna atque divina1 cum inenarraoih quddam delectatione rapitur-te primum1 inquam1 salvere jubeo1 et vestigia tua semper adore4 ,lassen re-echoes this splendid tribute2 and indeed1 so striking are some of the moralities here inculcated1 and so close the parallelism--ofttimes actually verbal-- between its teachings and those of the ,new ,testament1 that a controversy has arisen between ,pandits and ,missionaries on the point whether the author borrowed from ,christian sources1 or the ,evangelists and ,apostles from him4 ,this raises the question of its date1 which cannot be positively settled4 ,it must have been inlaid into the ancient epic at a period later than that of the original ,mahabharata1 but ,mr ,kasinath ,telang has offered some fair arguments to prove it anterior to the ,christian era4 ,the weight of evidence1 however1 tends to place its composition at about the third century after ,christ2 and perhaps there are really echoes in this ,brahmanic poem of the lessons of ,galilee1 and of the ,syrian incarnation4 ,its scene is the level country between the ,jumna and the ,sarsooti rivers-now ,kurnul and ,jheend4 ,its simple plot consists of a dialogue held by ,prince ,arjuna1 the brother of ,king ,yudhisthira1 with ,krishna1 the ,supreme ,deity1 wearing the disguise of a charioteer4 ,a great battle is impending between the armies of the ,kauravas and ,pandavas1 and this conversation is maintained in a war-chariot drawn up between the opposing hosts4 ,the poem has been turned into ,french by ,burnouf1 into ,latin by ,lassen1 into ,italian by ,stanislav ,gatti1 into ,greek by ,galanos1 and into ,english by ,mr4 ,thomson and ,mr ,davies1 the prose transcript of the last-named being truly beyond praise for its fidelity and clearness4 ,mr ,telang has also published at ,bombay a version in colloquial rhythm1 eminently learned and intelligent1 but not conveying the dignity or grace of the original4 ,if ,i venture to offer a translation of the wonderful poem after so many superior scholars1 it is in grateful recognition of the help derived from their labours1 and because ,english literature would certainly be incomplete without possessing in popular form a poetical and philosophical work so dear to ,india4 ,there is little else to say which the ,song ,celestial does not explain for itself4 ,the ,sanskrit original is written in the ,anushtubh metre1 which cannot be successfully reproduced for ,western ears4 ,i have therefore cast it into our flexible blank verse1 changing into lyrical measures where the text itself similarly breaks4 ,for the most part1 ,i believe the sense to be faithfully preserved in the following pages2 but ,schlegel himself had to say3 ,in reconditioribus me semper poetafoster mentem recte divinasse affirmare non ausim4 ,those who would read more upon the philosophy of the poem may find an admirable introduction in the volume of ,mr ,davies1 printed by ,messrs ,trubner ,co4 ,,edwin ,,arnold1 ,c4,s4,i4 ,,contents ,i4 ,,the ,,distress ,,of ,,arjuna ,,ii4 ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,doctrines ,,iii4 ,,virtue ,,in ,,work ,,iv4 ,,the ,,religion ,,of ,,knowledge ,v4 ,,religion ,,of ,,renouncing ,,works ,,vi4 ,,religion ,,by ,,self-,,restraint ,,vii4 ,,religion ,,by ,,discernment ,,viii4 ,,religion ,,by ,,service ,,of ,,the ,,supreme ,,ix4 ,,religion ,,by ,,the ,,kingly ,,knowledge ,,and ,,the ,,kingly ,,mystery ,x4 ,,religion ,,by ,,the ,,heavenly ,,perfections ,,xi4 ,,the ,,manifesting ,,of ,,the ,,one ,,and ,,manifold ,,xii4 ,,religion ,,of ,,faith ,,xiii4 ,,religion ,,by ,,separation ,,of ,,matter ,,and ,,spirit ,,xiv4 ,,religion ,,by ,,separation ,,from ,,the ,,qualities ,,xv4 ,,religion ,,by ,,attaining ,,the ,,supreme ,,xvi4 ,,the ,,separateness ,,of ,,the ,,divine ,,and ,,undivine ,,xvii4 ,,religion ,,by ,,the ,,threefold ,,faith ,,xviii4 ,,religion ,,by ,,deliverance ,,and ,,renunciation ,,chapter ,i ,dhritirashtra3 ,ranged thus for battle on the sacred plain-- ,on ,kurukshetra--say1 ,sanjaya6 say ,what wrought my people1 and the ,pandavas8 ,sanjaya3 ,when he beheld the host of ,pandavas1 ,raja ,duryodhana to ,drona drew1 ,and spake these words3 ,ah1 ,guru6 see this line1 ,how vast it is of ,pandu fighting-men1 ,embattled by the son of ,drupada1 ,thy scholar in the war6 ,therein stand ranked ,chiefs like ,arjuna1 like to ,bhima chiefs1 ,benders of bows2 ,virata1 ,yuyudhan1 ,drupada1 eminent upon his car1 ,dhrishtaket1 ,chekitan1 ,kasi's stout lord1 ,purujit1 ,kuntibhoj1 and ,saivya1 ,with ,yudhamanyu1 and ,uttamauj ,subhadra's child2 and ,drupadi's2-all famed6 ,all mounted on their shining chariots6 ,on our side1 too1--thou best of ,brahmans6 see ,excellent chiefs1 commanders of my line1 ,whose names ,i joy to count3 thyself the first1 ,then ,bhishma1 ,karna1 ,kripa fierce in fight1 ,vikarna1 ,aswatthaman2 next to these ,strong ,saumadatti1 with full many more ,valiant and tried1 ready this day to die ,for me their king1 each with his weapon grasped1 ,each skilful in the field4 ,weakest-meseems- ,our battle shows where ,bhishma holds command1 ,and ,bhima1 fronting him1 something too strong6 ,have care our captains nigh to ,bhishma's ranks ,prepare what help they may6 ,now1 blow my shell6 ,then1 at the signal of the aged king1 ,with blare to wake the blood1 rolling around ,like to a lion's roar1 the trumpeter ,blew the great ,conch2 and1 at the noise of it1 ,trumpets and drums1 cymbals and gongs and horns ,burst into sudden clamour2 as the blasts ,of loosened tempest1 such the tumult seemed6 ,then might be seen1 upon their car of gold ,yoked with white steeds1 blowing their battle-shells1 ,krishna the ,god1 ,arjuna at his side3 ,krishna1 with knotted locks1 blew his great conch ,carved of the ,giant's bone2 ,arjuna blew ,indra's loud gift2 ,bhima the terrible-- ,wolf-bellied ,bhima-blew a long reed-conch2 ,and ,yudhisthira1 ,kunti's blameless son1 ,winded a mighty shell1 ,victory's ,voice2 ,and ,nakula blew shrill upon his conch ,named the ,sweet-sounding1 ,sahadev on his ,called,gem-bedecked1 and ,kasi's ,prince on his4 ,sikhandi on his car1 ,dhrishtadyumn1 ,virata1 ,satyaki the ,unsubdued1 ,drupada1 with his sons1 7,o ,lord of ,earth67 ,long-armed ,subhadra's children1 all blew loud1 ,so that the clangour shook their foemen's hearts1 ,with quaking earth and thundering heav'n4 ,then 'twas- ,beholding ,dhritirashtra's battle set1 ,weapons unsheathing1 bows drawn forth1 the war ,instant to break-,arjun1 whose ensign-badge ,was ,hanuman the monkey1 spake this thing ,to ,krishna the ,divine1 his charioteer3 ,drive1 ,dauntless ,one6 to yonder open ground ,betwixt the armies2 ,i would see more nigh ,these who will fight with us1 those we must slay ,to-day1 in war's arbitrament2 for1 sure1 ,on bloodshed all are bent who throng this plain1 ,obeying ,dhritirashtra's sinful son4 ,thus1 by ,arjuna prayed1 7,o ,bharata67 ,between the hosts that heavenly ,charioteer ,drove the bright car1 reining its milk-white steeds ,where ,bhishma led1and ,drona1and their ,lords4 ,see6 spake he to ,arjuna1 where they stand1 ,thy kindred of the ,kurus3 and the ,prince ,marked on each hand the kinsmen of his house1 ,grandsires and sires1 uncles and brothers and sons1 ,cousins and sons-in-law and nephews1 mixed ,with friends and honoured elders2 some this side1 ,some that side ranged3 and1 seeing those opposed1 ,such kith grown enemies-,arjuna's heart ,melted with pity1 while he uttered this3 ,arjuna4 ,krishna6 as ,i behold1 come here to shed ,their common blood1 yon concourse of our kin1 ,my members fail1 my tongue dries in my mouth1 ,a shudder thrills my body1 and my hair ,bristles with horror2 from my weak hand slips ,gandiv1 the goodly bow2 a fever burns ,my skin to parching2 hardly may ,i stand2 ,the life within me seems to swim and faint2 ,nothing do ,i foresee save woe and wail6 ,it is not good1 ,o ,keshav6 nought of good ,can spring from mutual slaughter6 ,lo1 ,i hate ,triumph and domination1 wealth and ease1 ,thus sadly won6 ,aho6 what victory ,can bring delight1 ,govinda6 what rich spoils ,could profit2 what rule recompense2 what span ,of life itself seem sweet1 bought with such blood8 ,seeing that these stand here1 ready to die1 ,for whose sake life was fair1 and pleasure pleased1 ,and power grew precious3-grandsires1 sires1 and sons1 ,brothers1 and fathers-in-law1 and sons-in-law1 ,elders and friends6 ,shall ,i deal death on these ,even though they seek to slay us8 ,not one blow1 ,o ,madhusudan6 will ,i strike to gain ,the rule of all ,three ,worlds2 then1 how much less ,to seize an earthly kingdom6 ,killing these ,must breed but anguish1 ,krishna6 ,if they be ,guilty1 we shall grow guilty by their deaths2 ,their sins will light on us1 if we shall slay ,those sons of ,dhritirashtra1 and our kin2 ,what peace could come of that1 ,o ,madhava8 ,for if indeed1 blinded by lust and wrath1 ,these cannot see1 or will not see1 the sin ,of kingly lines o'erthrown and kinsmen slain1 ,how should not we1 who see1 shun such a crime-- ,we who perceive the guilt and feel the shame-- ,o thou ,delight of ,men1 ,janardana8 ,by overthrow of houses perisheth ,their sweet continuous household piety1 ,and-rites neglected1 piety extinct-- ,enters impiety upon that home2 ,its women grow unwomaned1 whence there spring ,mad passions1 and the mingling-up of castes1 ,sending a ,hell-ward road that family1 ,and whoso wrought its doom by wicked wrath4 ,nay1 and the souls of honoured ancestors ,fall from their place of peace1 being bereft ,of funeral-cakes and the wan death-water4,,fn#a ,so teach our holy hymns4 ,thus1 if we slay ,kinsfolk and friends for love of earthly power1 ,ahovat6 what an evil fault it were6 ,better ,i deem it1 if my kinsmen strike1 ,to face them weaponless1 and bare my breast ,to shaft and spear1 than answer blow with blow4 ,so speaking1 in the face of those two hosts1 ,arjuna sank upon his chariot-seat1 ,and let fall bow and arrows1 sick at heart4 ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,i4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,arjun-,vishad1 ,or ,the ,book of the ,distress of ,arjuna4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,sanjaya4 ,him1 filled with such compassion and such grief1 ,with eyes tear-dimmed1 despondent1 in stern words ,the ,driver1 ,madhusudan1 thus addressed3 ,krishna4 ,how hath this weakness taken thee8 ,whence springs ,the inglorious trouble1 shameful to the brave1 ,barring the path of virtue8 ,nay1 ,arjun6 ,forbid thyself to feebleness6 it mars ,thy warrior-name6 cast off the coward-fit6 ,wake6 ,be thyself6 ,arise1 ,scourge of thy ,foes6 ,arjuna4 ,how can ,i1 in the battle1 shoot with shafts ,on ,bhishma1 or on ,drona-,o thou ,chief6-- ,both worshipful1 both honourable men8 ,better to live on beggar's bread ,with those we love alive1 ,than taste their blood in rich feasts spread1 ,and guiltily survive6 ,ah6 were it worse-who knows8--to be ,victor or vanquished here1 ,when those confront us angrily ,whose death leaves living drear8 ,in pity lost1 by doubtings tossed1 ,my thoughts-distracted-turn ,to ,thee1 the ,guide ,i reverence most1 ,that ,i may counsel learn3 ,i know not what would heal the grief ,burned into soul and sense1 ,if ,i were earth's unchallenged chief-- ,a god--and these gone thence6 ,sanjaya4 ,so spake ,arjuna to the ,lord of ,hearts1 ,and sighing1,i will not fight6 held silence then4 ,to whom1 with tender smile1 7,o ,bharata6 7 ,while the ,prince wept despairing 'twixt those hosts1 ,krishna made answer in divinest verse3 ,krishna4 ,thou grievest where no grief should be6 thou speak'st ,words lacking wisdom6 for the wise in heart ,mourn not for those that live1 nor those that die4 ,nor ,i1 nor thou1 nor any one of these1 ,ever was not1 nor ever will not be1 ,for ever and for ever afterwards4 ,all1 that doth live1 lives always6 ,to man's frame ,as there come infancy and youth and age1 ,so come there raisings-up and layings-down ,of other and of other life-abodes1 ,which the wise know1 and fear not4 ,this that irks-- ,thy sense-life1 thrilling to the elements-- ,bringing thee heat and cold1 sorrows and joys1 ',tis brief and mutable6 ,bear with it1 ,prince6 ,as the wise bear4 ,the soul which is not moved1 ,the soul that with a strong and constant calm ,takes sorrow and takes joy indifferently1 ,lives in the life undying6 ,that which is ,can never cease to be2 that which is not ,will not exist4 ,to see this truth of both ,is theirs who part essence from accident1 ,substance from shadow4 ,indestructible1 ,learn thou6 the ,life is1 spreading life through all2 ,it cannot anywhere1 by any means1 ,be anywise diminished1 stayed1 or changed4 ,but for these fleeting frames which it informs ,with spirit deathless1 endless1 infinite1 ,they perish4 ,let them perish1 ,prince6 and fight6 ,he who shall say1 ,lo6 ,i have slain a man6 ,he who shall think1 ,lo6 ,i am slain6 those both ,know naught6 ,life cannot slay4 ,life is not slain6 ,never the spirit was born2 the spirit shall cease to be never2 ,never was time it was not2 ,end and ,beginning are dreams6 ,birthless and deathless and changeless remaineth the spirit for ever2 ,death hath not touched it at all1 dead though the house of it seems6 ,who knoweth it exhaustless1 self-sustained1 ,immortal1 indestructible1--shall such ,say1 ,i have killed a man1 or caused to kill8 ,nay1 but as when one layeth ,his worn-out robes away1 ,and taking new ones1 sayeth1 ,these will ,i wear to-day6 ,so putteth by the spirit ,lightly its garb of flesh1 ,and passeth to inherit ,a residence afresh4 ,i say to thee weapons reach not the ,life2 ,flame burns it not1 waters cannot o'erwhelm1 ,nor dry winds wither it4 ,impenetrable1 ,unentered1 unassailed1 unharmed1 untouched1 ,immortal1 all-arriving1 stable1 sure1 ,invisible1 ineffable1 by word ,and thought uncompassed1 ever all itself1 ,thus is the ,soul declared6 ,how wilt thou1 then1-- ,knowing it so1--grieve when thou shouldst not grieve8 ,how1 if thou hearest that the man new-dead ,is1 like the man new-born1 still living man-- ,one same1 existent ,spirit--wilt thou weep8 ,the end of birth is death2 the end of death ,is birth3 this is ordained6 and mournest thou1 ,chief of the stalwart arm6 for what befalls ,which could not otherwise befall8 ,the birth ,of living things comes unperceived2 the death ,comes unperceived2 between them1 beings perceive3 ,what is there sorrowful herein1 dear ,prince8 ,wonderful1 wistful1 to contemplate6 ,difficult1 doubtful1 to speak upon6 ,strange and great for tongue to relate1 ,mystical hearing for every one6 ,nor wotteth man this1 what a marvel it is1 ,when seeing1 and saying1 and hearing are done6 ,this ,life within all living things1 my ,prince6 ,hides beyond harm2 scorn thou to suffer1 then1 ,for that which cannot suffer4 ,do thy part6 ,be mindful of thy name1 and tremble not6 ,nought better can betide a martial soul ,than lawful war2 happy the warrior ,to whom comes joy of battle--comes1 as now1 ,glorious and fair1 unsought2 opening for him ,a gateway unto ,heav'n4 ,but1 if thou shunn'st ,this honourable field--a ,kshattriya-- ,if1 knowing thy duty and thy task1 thou bidd'st ,duty and task go by--that shall be sin6 ,and those to come shall speak thee infamy ,from age to age2 but infamy is worse ,for men of noble blood to bear than death6 ,the chiefs upon their battle-chariots ,will deem 'twas fear that drove thee from the fray4 ,of those who held thee mighty-souled the scorn ,thou must abide1 while all thine enemies ,will scatter bitter speech of thee1 to mock ,the valour which thou hadst2 what fate could fall ,more grievously than this8 ,either--being killed-- ,thou wilt win ,swarga's safety1 or--alive ,and victor--thou wilt reign an earthly king4 ,therefore1 arise1 thou ,son of ,kunti6 brace ,thine arm for conflict1 nerve thy heart to meet-- ,as things alike to thee--pleasure or pain1 ,profit or ruin1 victory or defeat3 ,so minded1 gird thee to the fight1 for so ,thou shalt not sin6 ,thus far ,i speak to thee ,as from the ,sankhya--unspiritually-- ,hear now the deeper teaching of the ,yog1 ,which holding1 understanding1 thou shalt burst ,thy ,karmabandh1 the bondage of wrought deeds4 ,here shall no end be hindered1 no hope marred1 ,no loss be feared3 faith--yea1 a little faith-- ,shall save thee from the anguish of thy dread4 ,here1 ,glory of the ,kurus6 shines one rule-- ,one steadfast rule--while shifting souls have laws ,many and hard4 ,specious1 but wrongful deem ,the speech of those ill-taught ones who extol ,the letter of their ,vedas1 saying1 ,this ,is all we have1 or need2 being weak at heart ,with wants1 seekers of ,heaven3 which comes--they say-- ,as fruit of good deeds done2 promising men ,much profit in new births for works of faith2 ,in various rites abounding2 following whereon ,large merit shall accrue towards wealth and power2 ,albeit1 who wealth and power do most desire ,least fixity of soul have such1 least hold ,on heavenly meditation4 ,much these teach1 ,from ,veds1 concerning the three qualities2 ,but thou1 be free of the three qualities1 ,free of the pairs of opposites1,,fn#b and free ,from that sad righteousness which calculates2 ,self-ruled1 ,arjuna6 simple1 satisfied6,,fn#c ,look6 like as when a tank pours water forth ,to suit all needs1 so do these ,brahmans draw ,text for all wants from tank of ,holy ,writ4 ,but thou1 want not6 ask not6 ,find full reward ,of doing right in right6 ,let right deeds be ,thy motive1 not the fruit which comes from them4 ,and live in action6 ,labour6 ,make thine acts ,thy piety1 casting all self aside1 ,contemning gain and merit2 equable ,in good or evil3 equability ,is ,yog1 is piety6 ,yet1 the right act ,is less1 far less1 than the right-thinking mind4 ,seek refuge in thy soul2 have there thy heaven6 ,scorn them that follow virtue for her gifts6 ,the mind of pure devotion--even here-- ,casts equally aside good deeds and bad1 ,passing above them4 ,unto pure devotion ,devote thyself3 with perfect meditation ,comes perfect act1 and the right-hearted rise-- ,more certainly because they seek no gain-- ,forth from the bands of body1 step by step1 ,to highest seats of bliss4 ,when thy firm soul ,hath shaken off those tangled oracles ,which ignorantly guide1 then shall it soar ,to high neglect of what's denied or said1 ,this way or that way1 in doctrinal writ4 ,troubled no longer by the priestly lore1 ,safe shall it live1 and sure2 steadfastly bent ,on meditation4 ,this is ,yog--and ,peace6 ,arjuna4 ,what is his mark who hath that steadfast heart1 ,confirmed in holy meditation8 ,how ,know we his speech1 ,kesava8 ,sits he1 moves he ,like other men8 ,krishna4 ,when one1 ,o ,pritha's ,son6 ,abandoning desires which shake the mind-- ,finds in his soul full comfort for his soul1 ,he hath attained the ,yog--that man is such6 ,in sorrows not dejected1 and in joys ,not overjoyed2 dwelling outside the stress ,of passion1 fear1 and anger2 fixed in calms ,of lofty contemplation2--such an one ,is ,muni1 is the ,sage1 the true ,recluse6 ,he who to none and nowhere overbound ,by ties of flesh1 takes evil things and good ,neither desponding nor exulting1 such ,bears wisdom's plainest mark6 ,he who shall draw ,as the wise tortoise draws its four feet safe ,under its shield1 his five frail senses back ,under the spirit's buckler from the world ,which else assails them1 such an one1 my ,prince6 ,hath wisdom's mark6 ,things that solicit sense ,hold off from the self-governed2 nay1 it comes1 ,the appetites of him who lives beyond ,depart1--aroused no more4 ,yet may it chance1 ,o ,son of ,kunti6 that a governed mind ,shall some time feel the sense-storms sweep1 and wrest ,strong self-control by the roots4 ,let him regain ,his kingdom6 let him conquer this1 and sit ,on ,me intent4 ,that man alone is wise ,who keeps the mastery of himself6 ,if one ,ponders on objects of the sense1 there springs ,attraction2 from attraction grows desire1 ,desire flames to fierce passion1 passion breeds ,recklessness2 then the memory--all betrayed-- ,lets noble purpose go1 and saps the mind1 ,till purpose1 mind1 and man are all undone4 ,but1 if one deals with objects of the sense ,not loving and not hating1 making them ,serve his free soul1 which rests serenely lord1 ,lo6 such a man comes to tranquillity2 ,and out of that tranquillity shall rise ,the end and healing of his earthly pains1 ,since the will governed sets the soul at peace4 ,the soul of the ungoverned is not his1 ,nor hath he knowledge of himself2 which lacked1 ,how grows serenity8 and1 wanting that1 ,whence shall he hope for happiness8 ,the mind ,that gives itself to follow shows of sense ,seeth its helm of wisdom rent away1 ,and1 like a ship in waves of whirlwind1 drives ,to wreck and death4 ,only with him1 great ,prince6 ,whose senses are not swayed by things of sense-- ,only with him who holds his mastery1 ,shows wisdom perfect4 ,what is midnight-gloom ,to unenlightened souls shines wakeful day ,to his clear gaze2 what seems as wakeful day ,is known for night1 thick night of ignorance1 ,to his true-seeing eyes4 ,such is the ,saint6 ,and like the ocean1 day by day receiving ,floods from all lands1 which never overflows ,its boundary-line not leaping1 and not leaving1 ,fed by the rivers1 but unswelled by those2-- ,so is the perfect one6 to his soul's ocean ,the world of sense pours streams of witchery2 ,they leave him as they find1 without commotion1 ,taking their tribute1 but remaining sea4 ,yea6 whoso1 shaking off the yoke of flesh ,lives lord1 not servant1 of his lusts2 set free ,from pride1 from passion1 from the sin of ,self1 ,toucheth tranquillity6 ,o ,pritha's ,son6 ,that is the state of ,brahm6 ,there rests no dread ,when that last step is reached6 ,live where he will1 ,die when he may1 such passeth from all 'plaining1 ,to blest ,nirvana1 with the ,gods1 attaining4 ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,sankhya-,yog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,doctrines4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,arjuna4 ,thou whom all mortals praise1 ,janardana6 ,if meditation be a nobler thing ,than action1 wherefore1 then1 great ,kesava6 ,dost thou impel me to this dreadful fight8 ,now am ,i by thy doubtful speech disturbed6 ,tell me one thing1 and tell me certainly2 ,by what road shall ,i find the better end8 ,krishna4 ,i told thee1 blameless ,lord6 there be two paths ,shown to this world2 two schools of wisdom4 ,first ,the ,sankhya's1 which doth save in way of works ,prescribed,,fn#d by reason2 next1 the ,yog1 which bids ,attain by meditation1 spiritually3 ,yet these are one6 ,no man shall 'scape from act ,by shunning action2 nay1 and none shall come ,by mere renouncements unto perfectness4 ,nay1 and no jot of time1 at any time1 ,rests any actionless2 his nature's law ,compels him1 even unwilling1 into act2 ,for thought is act in fancy4 ,he who sits ,suppressing all the instruments of flesh1 ,yet in his idle heart thinking on them1 ,plays the inept and guilty hypocrite3 ,but he who1 with strong body serving mind1 ,gives up his mortal powers to worthy work1 ,not seeking gain1 ,arjuna6 such an one ,is honourable4 ,do thine allotted task6 ,work is more excellent than idleness2 ,the body's life proceeds not1 lacking work4 ,there is a task of holiness to do1 ,unlike world-binding toil1 which bindeth not ,the faithful soul2 such earthly duty do ,free from desire1 and thou shalt well perform ,thy heavenly purpose4 ,spake ,prajapati-- ,in the beginning1 when all men were made1 ,and1 with mankind1 the sacrifice-- ,do this6 ,work6 sacrifice6 ,increase and multiply ,with sacrifice6 ,this shall be ,kamaduk1 ,your ',cow of ,plenty1' giving back her milk ,of all abundance4 ,worship the gods thereby2 ,the gods shall yield thee grace4 ,those meats ye crave ,the gods will grant to ,labour1 when it pays ,tithes in the altar-flame4 ,but if one eats ,fruits of the earth1 rendering to kindly ,heaven ,no gift of toil1 that thief steals from his world4 ,who eat of food after their sacrifice ,are quit of fault1 but they that spread a feast ,all for themselves1 eat sin and drink of sin4 ,by food the living live2 food comes of rain1 ,and rain comes by the pious sacrifice1 ,and sacrifice is paid with tithes of toil2 ,thus action is of ,brahma1 who is ,one1 ,the ,only1 ,all-pervading2 at all times ,present in sacrifice4 ,he that abstains ,to help the rolling wheels of this great world1 ,glutting his idle sense1 lives a lost life1 ,shameful and vain4 ,existing for himself1 ,self-concentrated1 serving self alone1 ,no part hath he in aught2 nothing achieved1 ,nought wrought or unwrought toucheth him2 no hope ,of help for all the living things of earth ,depends from him4,,fn#e ,therefore1 thy task prescribed ,with spirit unattached gladly perform1 ,since in performance of plain duty man ,mounts to his highest bliss4 ,by works alone ,janak and ancient saints reached blessedness6 ,moreover1 for the upholding of thy kind1 ,action thou should'st embrace4 ,what the wise choose ,the unwise people take2 what best men do ,the multitude will follow4 ,look on me1 ,thou ,son of ,pritha6 in the three wide worlds ,i am not bound to any toil1 no height ,awaits to scale1 no gift remains to gain1 ,yet ,i act here6 and1 if ,i acted not-- ,earnest and watchful--those that look to me ,for guidance1 sinking back to sloth again ,because ,i slumbered1 would decline from good1 ,and ,i should break earth's order and commit ,her offspring unto ruin1 ,bharata6 ,even as the unknowing toil1 wedded to sense1 ,so let the enlightened toil1 sense-freed1 but set ,to bring the world deliverance1 and its bliss2 ,not sowing in those simple1 busy hearts ,seed of despair4 ,yea6 let each play his part ,in all he finds to do1 with unyoked soul4 ,all things are everywhere by ,nature wrought ,in interaction of the qualities4 ,the fool1 cheated by self1 thinks1 ,this ,i did ,and ,that ,i wrought2 but--ah1 thou strong-armed ,prince6-- ,a better-lessoned mind1 knowing the play ,of visible things within the world of sense1 ,and how the qualities must qualify1 ,standeth aloof even from his acts4 ,th' untaught ,live mixed with them1 knowing not ,nature's way1 ,of highest aims unwitting1 slow and dull4 ,those make thou not to stumble1 having the light2 ,but all thy dues discharging1 for ,my sake1 ,with meditation centred inwardly1 ,seeking no profit1 satisfied1 serene1 ,heedless of issue--fight6 ,they who shall keep ,my ordinance thus1 the wise and willing hearts1 ,have quittance from all issue of their acts2 ,but those who disregard ,my ordinance1 ,thinking they know1 know nought1 and fall to loss1 ,confused and foolish4 ',sooth1 the instructed one ,doth of his kind1 following what fits him most3 ,and lower creatures of their kind2 in vain ,contending 'gainst the law4 ,needs must it be ,the objects of the sense will stir the sense ,to like and dislike1 yet th' enlightened man ,yields not to these1 knowing them enemies4 ,finally1 this is better1 that one do ,his own task as he may1 even though he fail1 ,than take tasks not his own1 though they seem good4 ,to die performing duty is no ill2 ,but who seeks other roads shall wander still4 ,arjuna4 ,yet tell me1 ,teacher6 by what force doth man ,go to his ill1 unwilling2 as if one ,pushed him that evil path8 ,krishna4 ,kama it is6 ,passion it is6 born of the ,darknesses1 ,which pusheth him4 ,mighty of appetite1 ,sinful1 and strong is this6--man's enemy6 ,as smoke blots the white fire1 as clinging rust ,mars the bright mirror1 as the womb surrounds ,the babe unborn1 so is the world of things ,foiled1 soiled1 enclosed in this desire of flesh4 ,the wise fall1 caught in it2 the unresting foe ,it is of wisdom1 wearing countless forms1 ,fair but deceitful1 subtle as a flame4 ,sense1 mind1 and reason--these1 ,o ,kunti's ,son6 ,are booty for it2 in its play with these ,it maddens man1 beguiling1 blinding him4 ,therefore1 thou noblest child of ,bharata6 ,govern thy heart6 ,constrain th' entangled sense6 ,resist the false1 soft sinfulness which saps ,knowledge and judgment6 ,yea1 the world is strong1 ,but what discerns it stronger1 and the mind ,strongest2 and high o'er all the ruling ,soul4 ,wherefore1 perceiving ,him who reigns supreme1 ,put forth full force of ,soul in thy own soul6 ,fight6 vanquish foes and doubts1 dear ,hero6 slay ,what haunts thee in fond shapes1 and would betray6 ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,karma-,yog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,virtue in ,work4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,krishna4 ,this deathless ,yoga1 this deep union1 ,i taught ,vivaswata1,,fn#f the ,lord of ,light2 ,vivaswata to ,manu gave it2 he ,to ,ikshwaku2 so passed it down the line ,of all my royal ,rishis4 ,then1 with years1 ,the truth grew dim and perished1 noble ,prince6 ,now once again to thee it is declared-- ,this ancient lore1 this mystery supreme-- ,seeing ,i find thee votary and friend4 ,arjuna4 ,thy birth1 dear ,lord1 was in these later days1 ,and bright ,vivaswata's preceded time6 ,how shall ,i comprehend this thing thou sayest1 ,from the beginning it was ,i who taught8 ,krishna4 ,manifold the renewals of my birth ,have been1 ,arjuna6 and of thy births1 too6 ,but mine ,i know1 and thine thou knowest not1 ,o ,slayer of thy ,foes6 ,albeit ,i be ,unborn1 undying1 indestructible1 ,the ,lord of all things living2 not the less-- ,by ,maya1 by my magic which ,i stamp ,on floating ,nature-forms1 the primal vast-- ,i come1 and go1 and come4 ,when ,righteousness ,declines1 ,o ,bharata6 when ,wickedness ,is strong1 ,i rise1 from age to age1 and take ,visible shape1 and move a man with men1 ,succouring the good1 thrusting the evil back1 ,and setting ,virtue on her seat again4 ,who knows the truth touching my births on earth ,and my divine work1 when he quits the flesh ,puts on its load no more1 falls no more down ,to earthly birth3 to ,me he comes1 dear ,prince6 ,many there be who come6 from fear set free1 ,from anger1 from desire2 keeping their hearts ,fixed upon me--my ,faithful--purified ,by sacred flame of ,knowledge4 ,such as these ,mix with my being4 ,whoso worship me1 ,them ,i exalt2 but all men everywhere ,shall fall into my path2 albeit1 those souls ,which seek reward for works1 make sacrifice ,now1 to the lower gods4 ,i say to thee ,here have they their reward4 ,but ,i am ,he ,made the ,four ,castes1 and portioned them a place ,after their qualities and gifts4 ,yea1 ,i ,created1 the ,reposeful2 ,i that live ,immortally1 made all those mortal births3 ,for works soil not my essence1 being works ,wrought uninvolved4,,fn#g ,who knows me acting thus ,unchained by action1 action binds not him2 ,and1 so perceiving1 all those saints of old ,worked1 seeking for deliverance4 ,work thou ,as1 in the days gone by1 thy fathers did4 ,thou sayst1 perplexed1 ,it hath been asked before ,by singers and by sages1 ,what is act1 ,and what inaction8 ,i will teach thee this1 ,and1 knowing1 thou shalt learn which work doth save ,needs must one rightly meditate those three-- ,doing1--not doing1--and undoing4 ,here ,thorny and dark the path is6 ,he who sees ,how action may be rest1 rest action--he ,is wisest 'mid his kind2 he hath the truth6 ,he doeth well1 acting or resting4 ,freed ,in all his works from prickings of desire1 ,burned clean in act by the white fire of truth1 ,the wise call that man wise2 and such an one1 ,renouncing fruit of deeds1 always content4 ,always self-satisfying1 if he works1 ,doth nothing that shall stain his separate soul1 ,which--quit of fear and hope--subduing self-- ,rejecting outward impulse--yielding up ,to body's need nothing save body1 dwells ,sinless amid all sin1 with equal calm ,taking what may befall1 by grief unmoved1 ,unmoved by joy1 unenvyingly2 the same ,in good and evil fortunes2 nowise bound ,by bond of deeds4 ,nay1 but of such an one1 ,whose crave is gone1 whose soul is liberate1 ,whose heart is set on truth--of such an one ,what work he does is work of sacrifice1 ,which passeth purely into ash and smoke ,consumed upon the altar6 ,all's then ,god6 ,the sacrifice is ,brahm1 the ghee and grain ,are ,brahm1 the fire is ,brahm1 the flesh it eats ,is ,brahm1 and unto ,brahm attaineth he ,who1 in such office1 meditates on ,brahm4 ,some votaries there be who serve the gods ,with flesh and altar-smoke2 but other some ,who1 lighting subtler fires1 make purer rite ,with will of worship4 ,of the which be they ,who1 in white flame of continence1 consume ,joys of the sense1 delights of eye and ear1 ,forgoing tender speech and sound of song3 ,and they who1 kindling fires with torch of ,truth1 ,burn on a hidden altar-stone the bliss ,of youth and love1 renouncing happiness3 ,and they who lay for offering there their wealth1 ,their penance1 meditation1 piety1 ,their steadfast reading of the scrolls1 their lore ,painfully gained with long austerities3 ,and they who1 making silent sacrifice1 ,draw in their breath to feed the flame of thought1 ,and breathe it forth to waft the heart on high1 ,governing the ventage of each entering air ,lest one sigh pass which helpeth not the soul3 ,and they who1 day by day denying needs1 ,lay life itself upon the altar-flame1 ,burning the body wan4 ,lo6 all these keep ,the rite of offering1 as if they slew ,victims2 and all thereby efface much sin4 ,yea6 and who feed on the immortal food ,left of such sacrifice1 to ,brahma pass1 ,to ,the ,unending4 ,but for him that makes ,no sacrifice1 he hath nor part nor lot ,even in the present world4 ,how should he share ,another1 ,o thou ,glory of thy ,line8 ,in sight of ,brahma all these offerings ,are spread and are accepted6 ,comprehend ,that all proceed by act2 for knowing this1 ,thou shalt be quit of doubt4 ,the sacrifice ,which ,knowledge pays is better than great gifts ,offered by wealth1 since gifts' worth--,o my ,prince6 ,lies in the mind which gives1 the will that serves3 ,and these are gained by reverence1 by strong search1 ,by humble heed of those who see the ,truth ,and teach it4 ,knowing ,truth1 thy heart no more ,will ache with error1 for the ,truth shall show ,all things subdued to thee1 as thou to ,me4 ,moreover1 ,son of ,pandu6 wert thou worst ,of all wrong-doers1 this fair ship of ,truth ,should bear thee safe and dry across the sea ,of thy transgressions4 ,as the kindled flame ,feeds on the fuel till it sinks to ash1 ,so unto ash1 ,arjuna6 unto nought ,the flame of ,knowledge wastes works' dross away6 ,there is no purifier like thereto ,in all this world1 and he who seeketh it ,shall find it--being grown perfect--in himself4 ,believing1 he receives it when the soul ,masters itself1 and cleaves to ,truth1 and comes-- ,possessing knowledge--to the higher peace1 ,the uttermost repose4 ,but those untaught1 ,and those without full faith1 and those who fear ,are shent2 no peace is here or other where1 ,no hope1 nor happiness for whoso doubts4 ,he that1 being self-contained1 hath vanquished doubt1 ,disparting self from service1 soul from works1 ,enlightened and emancipate1 my ,prince6 ,works fetter him no more6 ,cut then atwain ,with sword of wisdom1 ,son of ,bharata6 ,this doubt that binds thy heart-beats6 cleave the bond ,born of thy ignorance6 ,be bold and wise6 ,give thyself to the field with me6 ,arise6 ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,jnana ,yog1 ,or ,the ,book of the ,religion of ,knowledge1 ,,chapter ,v ,arjuna4 ,yet1 ,krishna6 at the one time thou dost laud ,surcease of works1 and1 at another time1 ,service through work4 ,of these twain plainly tell ,which is the better way8 ,krishna4 ,to cease from works ,is well1 and to do works in holiness ,is well2 and both conduct to bliss supreme2 ,but of these twain the better way is his ,who working piously refraineth not4 ,that is the true ,renouncer1 firm and fixed1 ,who--seeking nought1 rejecting nought--dwells proof ,against the opposites4,,fn#h ,o valiant ,prince6 ,in doing1 such breaks lightly from all deed3 ',tis the new scholar talks as they were two1 ,this ,sankhya and this ,yoga3 wise men know ,who husbands one plucks golden fruit of both6 ,the region of high rest which ,sankhyans reach ,yogins attain4 ,who sees these twain as one ,sees with clear eyes6 ,yet such abstraction1 ,chief6 ,is hard to win without much holiness4 ,whoso is fixed in holiness1 self-ruled1 ,pure-hearted1 lord of senses and of self1 ,lost in the common life of all which lives-- ,a ,yogayukt--he is a ,saint who wends ,straightway to ,brahm4 ,such an one is not touched ,by taint of deeds4 ,nought of myself ,i do6 ,thus will he think-who holds the truth of truths-- ,in seeing1 hearing1 touching1 smelling2 when ,he eats1 or goes1 or breathes2 slumbers or talks1 ,holds fast or loosens1 opes his eyes or shuts2 ,always assured ,this is the sense-world plays ,with senses4,he that acts in thought of ,brahm1 ,detaching end from act1 with act content1 ,the world of sense can no more stain his soul ,than waters mar th' enamelled lotus-leaf4 ,with life1 with heart1 with mind1-nay1 with the help ,of all five senses--letting selfhood go-- ,yogins toil ever towards their souls' release4 ,such votaries1 renouncing fruit of deeds1 ,gain endless peace3 the unvowed1 the passion-bound1 ,seeking a fruit from works1 are fastened down4 ,the embodied sage1 withdrawn within his soul1 ,at every act sits godlike in the town ,which hath nine gateways1,,fn#i neither doing aught ,nor causing any deed4 ,this world's ,lord makes ,neither the work1 nor passion for the work1 ,nor lust for fruit of work2 the man's own self ,pushes to these6 ,the ,master of this ,world ,takes on himself the good or evil deeds ,of no man--dwelling beyond6 ,mankind errs here ,by folly1 darkening knowledge4 ,but1 for whom ,that darkness of the soul is chased by light1 ,splendid and clear shines manifest the ,truth ,as if a ,sun of ,wisdom sprang to shed ,its beams of dawn4 ,him meditating still1 ,him seeking1 with ,him blended1 stayed on ,him1 ,the souls illuminated take that road ,which hath no turning back--their sins flung off ,by strength of faith4 ,who will may have this ,light2 ,who hath it sees4 ,to him who wisely sees1 ,the ,brahman with his scrolls and sanctities1 ,the cow1 the elephant1 the unclean dog1 ,the ,outcast gorging dog's meat1 are all one4 ,the world is overcome--aye6 even here6 ,by such as fix their faith on ,unity4 ,the sinless ,brahma dwells in ,unity1 ,and they in ,brahma4 ,be not over-glad ,attaining joy1 and be not over-sad ,encountering grief1 but1 stayed on ,brahma1 still ,constant let each abide6 ,the sage whose soul ,holds off from outer contacts1 in himself ,finds bliss2 to ,brahma joined by piety1 ,his spirit tastes eternal peace4 ,the joys ,springing from sense-life are but quickening wombs ,which breed sure griefs3 those joys begin and end6 ,the wise mind takes no pleasure1 ,kunti's ,son6 ,in such as those6 ,but if a man shall learn1 ,even while he lives and bears his body's chain1 ,to master lust and anger1 he is blest6 ,he is the ,yukta2 he hath happiness1 ,contentment1 light1 within3 his life is merged ,in ,brahma's life2 he doth ,nirvana touch6 ,thus go the ,rishis unto rest1 who dwell ,with sins effaced1 with doubts at end1 with hearts ,governed and calm4 ,glad in all good they live1 ,nigh to the peace of ,god2 and all those live ,who pass their days exempt from greed and wrath1 ,subduing self and senses1 knowing the ,soul6 ,the ,saint who shuts outside his placid soul ,all touch of sense1 letting no contact through2 ,whose quiet eyes gaze straight from fixed brows1 ,whose outward breath and inward breath are drawn ,equal and slow through nostrils still and close2 ,that one-with organs1 heart1 and mind constrained1 ,bent on deliverance1 having put away ,passion1 and fear1 and rage2--hath1 even now1 ,obtained deliverance1 ever and ever freed4 ,yea6 for he knows ,me ,who am ,he that heeds ,the sacrifice and worship1 ,god revealed2 ,and ,he who heeds not1 being ,lord of ,worlds1 ,lover of all that lives1 ,god unrevealed1 ,wherein who will shall find surety and shield6 ,,here ,,ends ,,chapter ,v4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,karmasanyasayog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,religion by ,renouncing ,fruit of ,works4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,krishna4 ,therefore1 who doeth work rightful to do1 ,not seeking gain from work1 that man1 ,o ,prince6 ,is ,sanyasi and ,yogi--both in one ,and he is neither who lights not the flame ,of sacrifice1 nor setteth hand to task4 ,regard as true ,renouncer him that makes ,worship by work1 for who renounceth not ,works not as ,yogin4 ,so is that well said3 ,by works the votary doth rise to faith1 ,and saintship is the ceasing from all works2 ,because the perfect ,yogin acts--but acts ,unmoved by passions and unbound by deeds1 ,setting result aside4 ,let each man raise ,the ,self by ,soul1 not trample down his ,self1 ,since ,soul that is ,self's friend may grow ,self's foe4 ,soul is ,self's friend when ,self doth rule o'er ,self1 ,but ,self turns enemy if ,soul's own self ,hates ,self as not itself4,,fn#aj ,the sovereign soul ,of him who lives self-governed and at peace ,is centred in itself1 taking alike ,pleasure and pain2 heat1 cold2 glory and shame4 ,he is the ,yogi1 he is ,yukta1 glad ,with joy of light and truth2 dwelling apart ,upon a peak1 with senses subjugate ,whereto the clod1 the rock1 the glistering gold ,show all as one4 ,by this sign is he known ,being of equal grace to comrades1 friends1 ,chance-comers1 strangers1 lovers1 enemies1 ,aliens and kinsmen2 loving all alike1 ,evil or good4 ,sequestered should he sit1 ,steadfastly meditating1 solitary1 ,his thoughts controlled1 his passions laid away1 ,quit of belongings4 ,in a fair1 still spot ,having his fixed abode1--not too much raised1 ,nor yet too low1--let him abide1 his goods ,a cloth1 a deerskin1 and the ,kusa-grass4 ,there1 setting hard his mind upon ,the ,one1 ,restraining heart and senses1 silent1 calm1 ,let him accomplish ,yoga1 and achieve ,pureness of soul1 holding immovable ,body and neck and head1 his gaze absorbed ,upon his nose-end1,,fn#aa rapt from all around1 ,tranquil in spirit1 free of fear1 intent ,upon his ,brahmacharya vow1 devout1 ,musing on ,me1 lost in the thought of ,me4 ,that ,yojin1 so devoted1 so controlled1 ,comes to the peace beyond1--,my peace1 the peace ,of high ,nirvana6 ,but for earthly needs ,religion is not his who too much fasts ,or too much feasts1 nor his who sleeps away ,an idle mind2 nor his who wears to waste ,his strength in vigils4 ,nay1 ,arjuna6 call ,that the true piety which most removes ,earth-aches and ills1 where one is moderate ,in eating and in resting1 and in sport2 ,measured in wish and act2 sleeping betimes1 ,waking betimes for duty4 ,when the man1 ,so living1 centres on his soul the thought ,straitly restrained--untouched internally ,by stress of sense--then is he ,yukta4 ,see6 ,steadfast a lamp burns sheltered from the wind2 ,such is the likeness of the ,yogi's mind ,shut from sense-storms and burning bright to ,heaven4 ,when mind broods placid1 soothed with holy wont2 ,when ,self contemplates self1 and in itself ,hath comfort2 when it knows the nameless joy ,beyond all scope of sense1 revealed to soul-- ,only to soul6 and1 knowing1 wavers not1 ,true to the farther ,truth2 when1 holding this1 ,it deems no other treasure comparable1 ,but1 harboured there1 cannot be stirred or shook ,by any gravest grief1 call that state peace1 ,that happy severance ,yoga2 call that man ,the perfect ,yogin6 ,steadfastly the will ,must toil thereto1 till efforts end in ease1 ,and thought has passed from thinking4 ,shaking off ,all longings bred by dreams of fame and gain1 ,shutting the doorways of the senses close ,with watchful ward2 so1 step by step1 it comes ,to gift of peace assured and heart assuaged1 ,when the mind dwells self-wrapped1 and the soul broods ,cumberless4 ,but1 as often as the heart ,breaks--wild and wavering--from control1 so oft ,let him re-curb it1 let him rein it back ,to the soul's governance2 for perfect bliss ,grows only in the bosom tranquillised1 ,the spirit passionless1 purged from offence1 ,vowed to the ,infinite4 ,he who thus vows ,his soul to the ,supreme ,soul1 quitting sin1 ,passes unhindered to the endless bliss ,of unity with ,brahma4 ,he so vowed1 ,so blended1 sees the ,life-,soul resident ,in all things living1 and all living things ,in that ,life-,soul contained4 ,and whoso thus ,discerneth ,me in all1 and all in ,me1 ,i never let him go2 nor looseneth he ,hold upon ,me2 but1 dwell he where he may1 ,whate'er his life1 in ,me he dwells and lives1 ,because he knows and worships ,me1 ,who dwell ,in all which lives1 and cleaves to ,me in all4 ,arjuna6 if a man sees everywhere-- ,taught by his own similitude--one ,life1 ,one ,essence in the ,evil and the ,good1 ,hold him a ,yogi1 yea6 well-perfected6 ,arjuna4 ,slayer of ,madhu6 yet again1 this ,yog1 ,this ,peace1 derived from equanimity1 ,made known by thee--,i see no fixity ,therein1 no rest1 because the heart of men ,is unfixed1 ,krishna6 rash1 tumultuous1 ,wilful and strong4 ,it were all one1 ,i think1 ,to hold the wayward wind1 as tame man's heart4 ,krishna4 ,hero long-armed6 beyond denial1 hard ,man's heart is to restrain1 and wavering2 ,yet may it grow restrained by habit1 ,prince6 ,by wont of self-command4 ,this ,yog1 ,i say1 ,cometh not lightly to th' ungoverned ones2 ,but he who will be master of himself ,shall win it1 if he stoutly strive thereto4 ,arjuna4 ,and what road goeth he who1 having faith1 ,fails1 ,krishna6 in the striving2 falling back ,from holiness1 missing the perfect rule8 ,is he not lost1 straying from ,brahma's light1 ,like the vain cloud1 which floats 'twixt earth and heaven ,when lightning splits it1 and it vanisheth8 ,fain would ,i hear thee answer me herein1 ,since1 ,krishna6 none save thou can clear the doubt4 ,krishna4 ,he is not lost1 thou ,son of ,pritha6 ,no6 ,nor earth1 nor heaven is forfeit1 even for him1 ,because no heart that holds one right desire ,treadeth the road of loss6 ,he who should fail1 ,desiring righteousness1 cometh at death ,unto the ,region of the ,just2 dwells there ,measureless years1 and being born anew1 ,beginneth life again in some fair home ,amid the mild and happy4 ,it may chance ,he doth descend into a ,yogin house ,on ,virtue's breast2 but that is rare6 ,such birth ,is hard to be obtained on this earth1 ,chief6 ,so hath he back again what heights of heart ,he did achieve1 and so he strives anew ,to perfectness1 with better hope1 dear ,prince6 ,for by the old desire he is drawn on ,unwittingly2 and only to desire ,the purity of ,yog is to pass ,beyond the ,sabdabrahm1 the spoken ,ved4 ,but1 being ,yogi1 striving strong and long1 ,purged from transgressions1 perfected by births ,following on births1 he plants his feet at last ,upon the farther path4 ,such as one ranks ,above ascetics1 higher than the wise1 ,beyond achievers of vast deeds6 ,be thou ,yogi ,arjuna6 ,and of such believe1 ,truest and best is he who worships ,me ,with inmost soul1 stayed on ,my ,mystery6 ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,atmasanyamayog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,religion by ,self-,restraint4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,krishna4 ,learn now1 dear ,prince6 how1 if thy soul be set ,ever on ,me--still exercising ,yog1 ,still making ,me thy ,refuge--thou shalt come ,most surely unto perfect hold of ,me4 ,i will declare to thee that utmost lore1 ,whole and particular1 which1 when thou knowest1 ,leaveth no more to know here in this world4 ,of many thousand mortals1 one1 perchance1 ,striveth for ,truth2 and of those few that strive-- ,nay1 and rise high--one only--here and there-- ,knoweth ,me1 as ,i am1 the very ,truth4 ,earth1 water1 flame1 air1 ether1 life1 and mind1 ,and individuality--those eight ,make up the showing of ,me1 ,manifest4 ,these be my lower ,nature2 learn the higher1 ,whereby1 thou ,valiant ,one6 this ,universe ,is1 by its principle of life1 produced2 ,whereby the worlds of visible things are born ,as from a ,yoni4 ,know6 ,i am that womb3 ,i make and ,i unmake this ,universe3 ,than me there is no other ,master1 ,prince6 ,no other ,maker6 ,all these hang on me ,as hangs a row of pearls upon its string4 ,i am the fresh taste of the water2 ,i ,the silver of the moon1 the gold o' the sun1 ,the word of worship in the ,veds1 the thrill ,that passeth in the ether1 and the strength ,of man's shed seed4 ,i am the good sweet smell ,of the moistened earth1 ,i am the fire's red light1 ,the vital air moving in all which moves1 ,the holiness of hallowed souls1 the root ,undying1 whence hath sprung whatever is2 ,the wisdom of the wise1 the intellect ,of the informed1 the greatness of the great4 ,the splendour of the splendid4 ,kunti's ,son6 ,these am ,i1 free from passion and desire2 ,yet am ,i right desire in all who yearn1 ,chief of the ,bharatas6 for all those moods1 ,soothfast1 or passionate1 or ignorant1 ,which ,nature frames1 deduce from me2 but all ,are merged in me--not ,i in them6 ,the world-- ,deceived by those three qualities of being-- ,wotteth not ,me ,who am outside them all1 ,above them all1 ,eternal6 ,hard it is ,to pierce that veil divine of various shows ,which hideth ,me2 yet they who worship ,me ,pierce it and pass beyond4 ,i am not known ,to evil-doers1 nor to foolish ones1 ,nor to the base and churlish2 nor to those ,whose mind is cheated by the show of things1 ,nor those that take the way of ,asuras4,,fn#ab ,four sorts of mortals know me3 he who weeps1 ,arjuna6 and the man who yearns to know2 ,and he who toils to help2 and he who sits ,certain of me1 enlightened4 ,of these four1 ,o ,prince of ,india6 highest1 nearest1 best ,that last is1 the devout soul1 wise1 intent ,upon ,the ,one4 ,dear1 above all1 am ,i ,to him2 and he is dearest unto me6 ,all four are good1 and seek me2 but mine own1 ,the true of heart1 the faithful--stayed on me1 ,taking me as their utmost blessedness1 ,they are not mine1but ,i--even ,i myself6 ,at end of many births to ,me they come6 ,yet hard the wise ,mahatma is to find1 ,that man who sayeth1 ,all is ,vasudev6,,fn#ac ,there be those1 too1 whose knowledge1 turned aside ,by this desire or that1 gives them to serve ,some lower gods1 with various rites1 constrained ,by that which mouldeth them4 ,unto all such-- ,worship what shrine they will1 what shapes1 in faith-- ',tis ,i who give them faith6 ,i am content6 ,the heart thus asking favour from its ,god1 ,darkened but ardent1 hath the end it craves1 ,the lesser blessing--but 'tis ,i who give6 ,yet soon is withered what small fruit they reap3 ,those men of little minds1 who worship so1 ,go where they worship1 passing with their gods4 ,but ,mine come unto me6 ,blind are the eyes ,which deem th' ,unmanifested manifest1 ,not comprehending ,me in my true ,self6 ,imperishable1 viewless1 undeclared1 ,hidden behind my magic veil of shows1 ,i am not seen by all2 ,i am not known-- ,unborn and changeless--to the idle world4 ,but ,i1 ,arjuna6 know all things which were1 ,and all which are1 and all which are to be1 ,albeit not one among them knoweth ,me6 ,by passion for the pairs of opposites1 ,by those twain snares of ,like and ,dislike1 ,prince6 ,all creatures live bewildered1 save some few ,who1 quit of sins1 holy in act1 informed1 ,freed from the opposites1and fixed in faith1 ,cleave unto ,me4 ,who cleave1 who seek in ,me ,refuge from birth,,fn#ad and death1 those have the ,truth6 ,those know ,me ,,brahma2 know ,me ,soul of ,souls1 ,the ,,adhyatman2 know ,,karma1 my work2 ,know ,i am ,,adhibhuta1 ,lord of ,life1 ,and ,,adhidaiva1 ,lord of all the ,gods1 ,and ,,adhiyajna1 ,lord of ,sacrifice2 ,worship ,me well1 with hearts of love and faith1 ,and find and hold me in the hour of death4 ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,vijnanayog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,religion by ,discernment4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,arjuna4 ,who is that ,,brahma8 ,what that ,soul of ,souls1 ,the ,,adhyatman8 ,what1 ,thou ,best of ,all6 ,thy work1 the ,,karma8 ,tell me what it is ,thou namest ,,adhibhuta8 ,what again ,means ,,adhidaiva8 ,yea1 and how it comes ,thou canst be ,,adhiyajna in thy flesh8 ,slayer of ,madhu6 ,further1 make me know ,how good men find thee in the hour of death8 ,krishna4 ,i ,,brahma am6 the ,one ,eternal ,,god1 ,and ,,adhyatman is ,my ,being's name1 ,the ,soul of ,souls6 ,what goeth forth from ,me1 ,causing all life to live1 is ,,karma called3 ,and1 ,manifested in divided forms1 ,i am the ,,adhibhuta1 ,lord of ,lives2 ,and ,,adhidaiva1 ,lord of all the ,gods1 ,because ,i am ,,purusha1 who begets4 ,and ,,adhiyajna1 ,lord of ,sacrifice1 ,i--speaking with thee in this body here-- ,am1 thou embodied one6 7for all the shrines ,flame unto ,me67 ,and1 at the hour of death1 ,he that hath meditated ,me alone1 ,in putting off his flesh1 comes forth to ,me1 ,enters into ,my ,being--doubt thou not6 ,but1 if he meditated otherwise ,at hour of death1 in putting off the flesh1 ,he goes to what he looked for1 ,kunti's ,son6 ,because the ,soul is fashioned to its like4 ,have ,me1 then1 in thy heart always6 and fight6 ,thou too1 when heart and mind are fixed on ,me1 ,shalt surely come to ,me6 ,all come who cleave ,with never-wavering will of firmest faith1 ,owning none other ,gods3 all come to ,me1 ,the ,uttermost1 ,purusha1 ,holiest6 ,whoso hath known ,me1 ,lord of sage and singer1 ,ancient of days2 of all the ,three ,worlds ,stay1 ,boundless1--but unto every atom ,bringer ,of that which quickens it3 whoso1 ,i say1 ,hath known ,my form1 which passeth mortal knowing2 ,seen my effulgence--which no eye hath seen-- ,than the sun's burning gold more brightly glowing1 ,dispersing darkness1--unto him hath been ,right life6 ,and1 in the hour when life is ending1 ,with mind set fast and trustful piety1 ,drawing still breath beneath calm brows unbending1 ,in happy peace that faithful one doth die1-- ,in glad peace passeth to ,purusha's heaven4 ,the place which they who read the ,vedas name ,,aksharam1 ,ultimate2 whereto have striven ,saints and ascetics--their road is the same4 ,that way--the highest way--goes he who shuts ,the gates of all his senses1 locks desire ,safe in his heart1 centres the vital airs ,upon his parting thought1 steadfastly set2 ,and1 murmuring ,,om1 the sacred syllable-- ,emblem of ,,brahm--dies1 meditating ,me4 ,for who1 none other ,gods regarding1 looks ,ever to ,me1 easily am ,i gained ,by such a ,yogi2 and1 attaining ,me1 ,they fall not--those ,mahatmas--back to birth1 ,to life1 which is the place of pain1 which ends1 ,but take the way of utmost blessedness4 ,the worlds1 ,arjuna6--even ,brahma's world-- ,roll back again from ,death to ,life's unrest2 ,but they1 ,o ,kunti's ,son6 that reach to ,me1 ,taste birth no more4 ,if ye know ,brahma's ,day ,which is a thousand ,yugas2 if ye know ,the thousand ,yugas making ,brahma's ,night1 ,then know ye ,day and ,night as ,he doth know6 ,when that vast ,dawn doth break1 th' ,invisible ,is brought anew into the ,visible2 ,when that deep ,night doth darken1 all which is ,fades back again to ,him ,who sent it forth2 ,yea6 this vast company of living things-- ,again and yet again produced--expires ,at ,brahma's ,nightfall2 and1 at ,brahma's ,dawn1 ,riseth1 without its will1 to life new-born4 ,but--higher1 deeper1 innermost--abides ,another ,life1 not like the life of sense1 ,escaping sight1 unchanging4 ,this endures ,when all created things have passed away3 ,this is that ,life named the ,unmanifest1 ,the ,infinite6 the ,all6 the ,uttermost4 ,thither arriving none return4 ,that ,life ,is ,mine1 and ,i am there6 ,and1 ,prince6 by faith ,which wanders not1 there is a way to come ,thither4 ,i1 the ,,purusha1 ,i ,who spread ,the ,universe around me--in ,whom dwell ,all living ,things--may so be reached and seen6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,,fn#ad ,richer than holy fruit on ,vedas growing1 ,greater than gifts1 better than prayer or fast1 ,such wisdom is6 ,the ,yogi1 this way knowing1 ,comes to the ,utmost ,perfect ,peace at last4 ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,aksharaparabrahmayog1 ,or ,the book of ,religion by ,devotion to the ,one ,supreme ,god4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,krishna4 ,now will ,i open unto thee--whose heart ,rejects not--that last lore1 deepest-concealed1 ,that farthest secret of ,my ,heavens and ,earths1 ,which but to know shall set thee free from ills1-- ,a royal lore6 a ,kingly mystery6 ,yea6 for the soul such light as purgeth it ,from every sin2 a light of holiness ,with inmost splendour shining2 plain to see2 ,easy to walk by1 inexhaustible6 ,they that receive not this1 failing in faith ,to grasp the greater wisdom1 reach not ,me1 ,destroyer of thy foes6 ,they sink anew ,into the realm of ,flesh1 where all things change6 ,by ,me the whole vast ,universe of things ,is spread abroad2--by ,me1 the ,unmanifest6 ,in ,me are all existences contained2 ,not ,i in them6 ,yet they are not contained1 ,those visible things6 ,receive and strive to embrace ,the mystery majestical6 ,my ,being-- ,creating all1 sustaining all--still dwells ,outside of all6 ,see6 as the shoreless airs ,move in the measureless space1 but are not space1 ,and space were space without the moving airs2 ,so all things are in ,me1 but are not ,i4 ,at closing of each ,kalpa1 ,indian ,prince6 ,all things which be back to ,my ,being come3 ,at the beginning of each ,kalpa1 all ,issue new-born from ,me4 ,by ,energy ,and help of ,prakriti my outer ,self1 ,again1 and yet again1 ,i make go forth ,the realms of visible things--without their will-- ,all of them--by the power of ,prakriti4 ,yet these great makings1 ,prince6 involve ,me not ,enchain ,me not6 ,i sit apart from them1 ,other1 and ,higher1 and ,free2 nowise attached6 ,thus doth the stuff of worlds1 moulded by ,me1 ,bring forth all that which is1 moving or still1 ,living or lifeless6 ,thus the worlds go on6 ,the minds untaught mistake ,me1 veiled in form2-- ,naught see they of ,my secret ,presence1 nought ,of ,my hid ,nature1 ruling all which lives4 ,vain hopes pursuing1 vain deeds doing2 fed ,on vainest knowledge1 senselessly they seek ,an evil way1 the way of brutes and fiends4 ,but ,my ,mahatmas1 those of noble soul ,who tread the path celestial1 worship ,me ,with hearts unwandering1--knowing ,me the ,source1 ,th' ,eternal ,source1 of ,life4 ,unendingly ,they glorify ,me2 seek ,me2 keep their vows ,of reverence and love1 with changeless faith ,adoring ,me4 ,yea1 and those too adore1 ,who1 offering sacrifice of wakened hearts1 ,have sense of one pervading ,spirit's stress1 ,one ,force in every place1 though manifold6 ,i am the ,sacrifice6 ,i am the ,prayer6 ,i am the ,funeral-,cake set for the dead6 ,i am the healing herb6 ,i am the ghee1 ,the ,mantra1 and the flame1 and that which burns6 ,i am-of all this boundless ,universe- ,the ,father1 ,mother1 ,ancestor1 and ,guard6 ,the end of ,learning6 ,that which purifies ,in lustral water6 ,i am ,,om6 ,i am ,rig-,veda1 ,sama-,veda1 ,yajur-,ved2 ,the ,way1 the ,fosterer1 the ,lord1 the ,judge1 ,the ,witness2 the ,abode1 the ,refuge-,house1 ,the ,friend1 the ,fountain and the ,sea of ,life ,which sends1 and swallows up2 ,treasure of ,worlds ,and ,treasure-,chamber6 ,seed and ,seed-,sower1 ,whence endless harvests spring6 ,sun's heat is mine2 ,heaven's rain is mine to grant or to withhold2 ,death am ,i1 and ,immortal ,life ,i am1 ,arjuna6 ,,sat and ,,asat1 ,visible ,life1 ,and ,life ,invisible6 ,yea6 those who learn ,the threefold ,veds1 who drink the ,soma-wine1 ,purge sins1 pay sacrifice--from ,me they earn ,passage to ,swarga2 where the meats divine ,of great gods feed them in high ,indra's heaven4 ,yet they1 when that prodigious joy is o'er1 ,paradise spent1 and wage for merits given1 ,come to the world of death and change once more4 ,they had their recompense6 they stored their treasure1 ,following the threefold ,scripture and its writ2 ,who seeketh such gaineth the fleeting pleasure ,of joy which comes and goes6 ,i grant them it6 ,but to those blessed ones who worship ,me1 ,turning not otherwhere1 with minds set fast1 ,i bring assurance of full bliss beyond4 ,nay1 and of hearts which follow other gods ,in simple faith1 their prayers arise to me1 ,o ,kunti's ,son6 though they pray wrongfully2 ,for ,i am the ,receiver and the ,lord ,of every sacrifice1 which these know not ,rightfully2 so they fall to earth again6 ,who follow gods go to their gods2 who vow ,their souls to ,pitris go to ,pitris2 minds ,to evil ,bhuts given o'er sink to the ,bhuts2 ,and whoso loveth ,me cometh to ,me4 ,whoso shall offer ,me in faith and love ,a leaf1 a flower1 a fruit1 water poured forth1 ,that offering ,i accept1 lovingly made ,with pious will4 ,whate'er thou doest1 ,prince6 ,eating or sacrificing1 giving gifts1 ,praying or fasting1 let it all be done ,for ,me1 as ,mine4 ,so shalt thou free thyself ,from ,karmabandh1 the chain which holdeth men ,to good and evil issue1 so shalt come ,safe unto ,me-when thou art quit of flesh-- ,by faith and abdication joined to ,me6 ,i am alike for all6 ,i know not hate1 ,i know not favour6 ,what is made is ,mine6 ,but them that worship ,me with love1 ,i love2 ,they are in ,me1 and ,i in them6 ,nay1 ,prince6 ,if one of evil life turn in his thought ,straightly to ,me1 count him amidst the good2 ,he hath the high way chosen2 he shall grow ,righteous ere long2 he shall attain that peace ,which changes not4 ,thou ,prince of ,india6 ,be certain none can perish1 trusting ,me6 ,o ,pritha's ,son6 whoso will turn to ,me1 ,though they be born from the very womb of ,sin1 ,woman or man2 sprung of the ,vaisya caste ,or lowly disregarded ,sudra1--all ,plant foot upon the highest path2 how then ,the holy ,brahmans and ,my ,royal ,saints8 ,ah6 ye who into this ill world are come-- ,fleeting and false--set your faith fast on ,me6 ,fix heart and thought on ,me6 ,adore ,me6 ,bring ,offerings to ,me6 ,make ,me prostrations6 ,make ,me your supremest joy6 and1 undivided1 ,unto ,my rest your spirits shall be guided4 ,,here ,,ends ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,rajavidyarajaguhyayog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,religion by the ,kingly ,knowledge and the ,kingly ,mystery4 ,,chapter ,x ,krishna4,,fnl#f ,hear farther yet1 thou ,long-,armed ,lord6 these latest words ,i say-- ,uttered to bring thee bliss and peace1 who lovest ,me alway-- ,not the great company of gods nor kingly ,rishis know ,my ,nature1 ,who have made the gods and ,rishis long ago2 ,he only knoweth-only he is free of sin1 and wise1 ,who seeth ,me1 ,lord of the ,worlds1 with faith-enlightened eyes1 ,unborn1 undying1 unbegun4 ,whatever ,natures be ,to mortal men distributed1 those natures spring from ,me6 ,intellect1 skill1 enlightenment1 endurance1 self-control1 ,truthfulness1 equability1 and grief or joy of soul1 ,and birth and death1 and fearfulness1 and fearlessness1 and shame1 ,and honour1 and sweet harmlessness1,,fn#ag and peace which is the same ,whate'er befalls1 and mirth1 and tears1 and piety1 and thrift1 ,and wish to give1 and will to help1--all cometh of ,my gift6 ,the ,seven ,chief ,saints1 the ,elders ,four1 the ,lordly ,manus set-- ,sharing ,my work--to rule the worlds1 these too did ,i beget2 ,and ,rishis1 ,pitris1 ,manus1 all1 by one thought of ,my mind2 ,thence did arise1 to fill this world1 the races of mankind2 ,wherefrom who comprehends ,my ,reign of mystic ,majesty-- ,that truth of truths--is thenceforth linked in faultless faith to ,me3 ,yea6 knowing ,me the source of all1 by ,me all creatures wrought1 ,the wise in spirit cleave to ,me1 into ,my ,being brought2 ,hearts fixed on ,me2 breaths breathed to ,me2 praising ,me1 each to each1 ,so have they happiness and peace1 with pious thought and speech2 ,and unto these--thus serving well1 thus loving ceaselessly-- ,i give a mind of perfect mood1 whereby they draw to ,me2 ,and1 all for love of them1 within their darkened souls ,i dwell1 ,and1 with bright rays of wisdom's lamp1 their ignorance dispel4 ,arjuna4 ,yes6 ,thou art ,parabrahm6 ,the ,high ,abode6 ,the ,great ,purification6 ,thou art ,god ,eternal1 ,all-creating1 ,holy1 ,first1 ,without beginning6 ,lord of ,lords and ,gods6 ,declared by all the ,saints--by ,narada1 ,vyasa ,asita1 and ,devalas2 ,and here ,thyself declaring unto me6 ,what ,thou hast said now know ,i to be truth1 ,o ,kesava6 that neither gods nor men ,nor demons comprehend ,thy mystery ,made manifest1 ,divinest6 ,thou ,thyself ,thyself alone dost know1 ,maker ,supreme6 ,master of all the living6 ,lord of ,gods6 ,king of the ,universe6 ,to ,thee alone ,belongs to tell the heavenly excellence ,of those perfections wherewith ,thou dost fill ,these worlds of ,thine2 ,pervading1 ,immanent6 ,how shall ,i learn1 ,supremest ,mystery6 ,to know ,thee1 though ,i muse continually8 ,under what form of ,thine unnumbered forms ,mayst ,thou be grasped8 ,ah6 yet again recount1 ,clear and complete1 ,thy great appearances1 ,the secrets of ,thy ,majesty and ,might1 ,thou ,high ,delight of ,men6 ,never enough ,can mine ears drink the ,amrit,,fn#ah of such words6 ,krishna4 ,hanta6 ,so be it6 ,kuru ,prince6 ,i will to thee unfold ,some portions of ,my ,majesty1 whose powers are manifold6 ,i am the ,spirit seated deep in every creature's heart2 ,from ,me they come2 by ,me they live2 at ,my word they depart6 ,vishnu of the ,adityas ,i am1 those ,lords of ,light2 ,maritchi of the ,maruts1 the ,kings of ,storm and ,blight2 ,by day ,i gleam1 the golden ,sun of burning cloudless ,noon2 ,by ,night1 amid the asterisms ,i glide1 the dappled ,moon6 ,of ,vedas ,i am ,sama-,ved1 of gods in ,indra's ,heaven ,vasava2 of the faculties to living beings given ,the mind which apprehends and thinks2 of ,rudras ,sankara2 ,of ,yakshas and of ,rakshasas1 ,vittesh2 and ,pavaka ,of ,vasus1 and of mountain-peaks ,meru2 ,vrihaspati ,know ,me 'mid planetary ,powers2 'mid ,warriors heavenly ,skanda2 of all the water-floods the ,sea which drinketh each1 ,and ,bhrigu of the holy ,saints1 and ,,om of sacred speech2 ,of prayers the prayer ye whisper2,,fn#ai of hills ,himala's snow1 ,and ,aswattha1 the fig-tree1 of all the trees that grow2 ,of the ,devarshis1 ,narada2 and ,chitrarath of them ,that sing in ,heaven1 and ,kapila of ,munis1 and the gem ,of flying steeds1 ,uchchaisravas1 from ,amrit-wave which burst2 ,of elephants ,airavata2 of males the ,best and ,first2 ,of weapons ,heav'n's hot thunderbolt2 of cows white ,kamadhuk1 ,from whose great milky udder-teats all hearts' desires are strook2 ,vasuki of the serpent-tribes1 round ,mandara entwined2 ,and thousand-fanged ,ananta1 on whose broad coils reclined ,leans ,vishnu2 and of water-things ,varuna2 ,aryam ,of ,pitris1 and1 of those that judge1 ,yama the ,judge ,i am2 ,of ,daityas dread ,prahlada2 of what metes days and years1 ,time's self ,i am2 of woodland-beasts-buffaloes1 deers1 and bears- ,the lordly-painted tiger2 of birds the vast ,garud1 ,the whirlwind 'mid the winds2 'mid chiefs ,rama with blood imbrued1 ,makar 'mid fishes of the sea1 and ,ganges 'mid the streams2 ,yea6 ,first1 and ,last1 and ,centre of all which is or seems ,i am1 ,arjuna6 ,wisdom ,supreme of what is wise1 ,words on the uttering lips ,i am1 and eyesight of the eyes1 ,and ,a of written characters1 ,dwandwa,,fn#bj of knitted speech1 ,and ,endless ,life1 and boundless ,love1 whose power sustaineth each2 ,and bitter ,death which seizes all1 and joyous sudden ,birth1 ,which brings to light all beings that are to be on earth2 ,and of the viewless virtues1 ,fame1 ,fortune1 ,song am ,i1 ,and ,memory1 and ,patience2 and ,craft1 and ,constancy3 ,of ,vedic hymns the ,vrihatsam1 of metres ,gayatri1 ,of months the ,margasirsha1 of all the seasons three ,the flower-wreathed ,spring2 in dicer's-play the conquering ,double-,eight2 ,the splendour of the splendid1 and the greatness of the great1 ,victory ,i am1 and ,action6 and the goodness of the good1 ,and ,vasudev of ,vrishni's race1 and of this ,pandu brood ,thyself6--,yea1 my ,arjuna6 thyself2 for thou art ,mine6 ,of poets ,usana1 of saints ,vyasa1 sage divine2 ,the policy of conquerors1 the potency of kings1 ,the great unbroken silence in learning's secret things2 ,the lore of all the learned1 the seed of all which springs4 ,living or lifeless1 still or stirred1 whatever beings be1 ,none of them is in all the worlds1 but it exists by ,me6 ,nor tongue can tell1 ,arjuna6 nor end of telling come ,of these ,my boundless glories1 whereof ,i teach thee some2 ,for wheresoe'er is wondrous work1 and majesty1 and might1 ,from ,me hath all proceeded4 ,receive thou this aright6 ,yet how shouldst thou receive1 ,o ,prince6 the vastness of this word8 ,i1 who am all1 and made it all1 abide its separate ,lord6 ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,x4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,vibhuti ,yog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,religion by the ,heavenly ,perfections4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,arjuna4 ,this1 for my soul's peace1 have ,i heard from ,thee1 ,the unfolding of the ,mystery ,supreme ,named ,adhyatman2 comprehending which1 ,my darkness is dispelled2 for now ,i know-- ,o ,lotus-eyed6,,fn#ba--whence is the birth of men1 ,and whence their death1 and what the majesties ,of ,thine immortal rule4 ,fain would ,i see1 ,as thou ,thyself declar'st it1 ,sovereign ,lord6 ,the likeness of that glory of ,thy ,form ,wholly revealed4 ,o ,thou ,divinest ,one6 ,if this can be1 if ,i may bear the sight1 ,make ,thyself visible1 ,lord of all prayers6 ,show me ,thy very self1 the ,eternal ,god6 ,krishna4 ,gaze1 then1 thou ,son of ,pritha6 ,i manifest for thee ,those hundred thousand thousand shapes that clothe my ,mystery3 ,i show thee all my semblances1 infinite1 rich1 divine1 ,my changeful hues1 my countless forms4 ,see6 in this face of mine1 ,adityas1 ,vasus1 ,rudras1 ,aswins1 and ,maruts2 see ,wonders unnumbered1 ,indian ,prince6 revealed to none save thee4 ,behold6 this is the ,universe6--,look6 what is live and dead ,i gather all in one--in ,me6 ,gaze1 as thy lips have said1 ,on ,,god ,,eternal1 ,,very ,,god6 ,see ,me6 see what thou prayest6 ,thou canst not6--nor1 with human eyes1 ,arjuna6 ever mayest6 ,therefore ,i give thee sense divine4 ,have other eyes1 new light6 ,and1 look6 ,this is ,my glory1 unveiled to mortal sight6 ,sanjaya4 ,then1 ,o ,king6 the ,god1 so saying1 ,stood1 to ,pritha's ,son displaying ,all the splendour1 wonder1 dread ,of ,his vast ,almighty-head4 ,out of countless eyes beholding1 ,out of countless mouths commanding1 ,countless mystic forms enfolding ,in one ,form3 supremely standing ,countless radiant glories wearing1 ,countless heavenly weapons bearing1 ,crowned with garlands of star-clusters1 ,robed in garb of woven lustres1 ,breathing from ,his perfect ,presence ,breaths of every subtle essence ,of all heavenly odours2 shedding ,blinding brilliance2 overspreading-- ,boundless1 beautiful--all spaces ,with ,his all-regarding faces2 ,so ,he showed6 ,if there should rise ,suddenly within the skies ,sunburst of a thousand suns ,flooding earth with beams undeemed-of1 ,then might be that ,holy ,one's ,majesty and radiance dreamed of6 ,so did ,pandu's ,son behold ,all this universe enfold ,all its huge diversity ,into one vast shape1 and be ,visible1 and viewed1 and blended ,in one ,body--subtle1 splendid1 ,nameless--th' ,all-comprehending ,god of ,gods1 the ,never-,ending ,deity6 ,but1 sore amazed1 ,thrilled1 o'erfilled1 dazzled1 and dazed1 ,arjuna knelt2 and bowed his head1 ,and clasped his palms2 and cried1 and said3 ,arjuna4 ,yea6 ,i have seen6 ,i see6 ,lord6 all is wrapped in ,thee6 ,the gods are in ,thy glorious frame6 the creatures ,of earth1 and heaven1 and hell ,in ,thy ,divine form dwell1 ,and in ,thy countenance shine all the features ,of ,brahma1 sitting lone ,upon ,his lotus-throne2 ,of saints and sages1 and the serpent races ,ananta1 ,vasuki2 ,yea6 mightiest ,lord6 ,i see ,thy thousand thousand arms1 and breasts1 and faces1 ,and eyes1--on every side ,perfect1 diversified2 ,and nowhere end of ,thee1 nowhere beginning1 ,nowhere a centre6 ,shifts-- ,wherever soul's gaze lifts-- ,thy central ,self1 all-wielding1 and all-winning6 ,infinite ,king6 ,i see ,the anadem on ,thee1 ,the club1 the shell1 the discus2 see ,thee burning ,in beams insufferable1 ,lighting earth1 heaven1 and hell ,with brilliance blazing1 glowing1 flashing2 turning ,darkness to dazzling day1 ,look ,i whichever way2 ,ah1 ,lord6 ,i worship ,thee1 the ,undivided1 ,the ,uttermost of thought1 ,the ,treasure-,palace wrought ,to hold the wealth of the worlds2 the ,shield provided ,to shelter ,virtue's laws2 ,the ,fount whence ,life's stream draws ,all waters of all rivers of all being3 ,the ,one ,unborn1 ,unending3 ,unchanging and ,unblending6 ,with might and majesty1 past thought1 past seeing6 ,silver of moon and gold ,of sun are glories rolled ,from ,thy great eyes2 ,thy visage1 beaming tender ,throughout the stars and skies1 ,doth to warm life surprise ,thy ,universe4 ,the worlds are filled with wonder ,of ,thy perfections6 ,space ,star-sprinkled1 and void place ,from pole to pole of the ,blue1 from bound to bound1 ,hath ,thee in every spot1 ,thee1 ,thee6--,where ,thou art not1 ,o ,holy1 ,marvellous ,form6 is nowhere found6 ,o ,mystic1 ,awful ,one6 ,at sight of ,thee1 made known1 ,the ,three ,worlds quake2 the lower gods draw nigh ,thee2 ,they fold their palms1 and bow ,body1 and breast1 and brow1 ,and1 whispering worship1 laud and magnify ,thee6 ,rishis and ,siddhas cry ,hail6 ,highest ,majesty6 ,from sage and singer breaks the hymn of glory ,in dulcet harmony1 ,sounding the praise of ,thee2 ,while countless companies take up the story1 ,rudras1 who ride the storms1 ,th' ,adityas' shining forms1 ,vasus and ,sadhyas1 ,viswas1 ,ushmapas2 ,maruts1 and those great ,twins ,the heavenly1 fair1 ,aswins1 ,gandharvas1 ,rakshasas1 ,siddhas1 and ,asuras1,,fn#bb-- ,these see ,thee1 and revere ,in sudden-stricken fear2 ,yea6 the ,worlds1--seeing ,thee with form stupendous1 ,with faces manifold1 ,with eyes which all behold1 ,unnumbered eyes1 vast arms1 members tremendous1 ,flanks1 lit with sun and star1 ,feet planted near and far1 ,tushes of terror1 mouths wrathful and tender2-- ,the ,three wide ,worlds before ,thee ,adore1 as ,i adore ,thee1 ,quake1 as ,i quake1 to witness so much splendour6 ,i mark ,thee strike the skies ,with front1 in wondrous wise ,huge1 rainbow-painted1 glittering2 and thy mouth ,opened1 and orbs which see ,all things1 whatever be ,in all ,thy worlds1 east1 west1 and north and south4 ,o ,eyes of ,god6 ,o ,head6 ,my strength of soul is fled1 ,gone is heart's force1 rebuked is mind's desire6 ,when ,i behold ,thee so1 ,with awful brows a-glow1 ,with burning glance1 and lips lighted by fire ,fierce as those flames which shall ,consume1 at close of all1 ,earth1 ,heaven6 ,ah me6 ,i see no ,earth and ,heaven6 ,thee1 ,lord of ,lords6 ,i see1 ,thee only-only ,thee6 ,now let ,thy mercy unto me be given1 ,thou ,refuge of the ,world6 ,lo6 to the cavern hurled ,of ,thy wide-opened throat1 and lips white-tushed1 ,i see our noblest ones1 ,great ,dhritarashtra's sons1 ,bhishma1 ,drona1 and ,karna1 caught and crushed6 ,the ,kings and ,chiefs drawn in1 ,that gaping gorge within2 ,the best of both these armies torn and riven6 ,between ,thy jaws they lie ,mangled full bloodily1 ,ground into dust and death6 ,like streams down-driven ,with helpless haste1 which go ,in headlong furious flow ,straight to the gulfing deeps of th' unfilled ocean1 ,so to that flaming cave ,those heroes great and brave ,pour1 in unending streams1 with helpless motion6 ,like moths which in the night ,flutter towards a light1 ,drawn to their fiery doom1 flying and dying1 ,so to their death still throng1 ,blind1 dazzled1 borne along ,ceaselessly1 all those multitudes1 wild flying6 ,thou1 that hast fashioned men1 ,devourest them again1 ,one with another1 great and small1 alike6 ,the creatures whom ,thou mak'st1 ,with flaming jaws ,thou tak'st1 ,lapping them up6 ,lord ,god6 ,thy terrors strike ,from end to end of earth1 ,filling life full1 from birth ,to death1 with deadly1 burning1 lurid dread6 ,ah1 ,vishnu6 make me know ,why is ,thy visage so8 ,who art ,thou1 feasting thus upon ,thy dead8 ,who8 awful ,deity6 ,i bow myself to ,thee1 ,namostu ,te1 ,devavara6 ,prasid6,,fn#bc ,o ,mightiest ,lord6 rehearse ,why hast ,thou face so fierce8 ,whence doth this aspect horrible proceed8 ,krishna4 ,thou seest ,me as ,time who kills1 ,time who brings all to doom1 ,the ,slayer ,time1 ,ancient of ,days1 come hither to consume2 ,excepting thee1 of all these hosts of hostile chiefs arrayed1 ,there stands not one shall leave alive the battlefield6 ,dismayed ,no longer be6 ,arise6 obtain renown6 destroy thy foes6 ,fight for the kingdom waiting thee when thou hast vanquished those4 ,by ,me they fall--not thee6 the stroke of death is dealt them now1 ,even as they show thus gallantly2 ,my instrument art thou6 ,strike1 strong-armed ,prince1 at ,drona6 at ,bhishma strike6 deal death ,on ,karna1 ,jyadratha2 stay all their warlike breath6 ',tis ,i who bid them perish6 ,thou wilt but slay the slain2 ,fight6 they must fall1 and thou must live1 victor upon this plain6 ,sanjaya4 ,hearing mighty ,keshav's word1 ,tremblingly that helmed ,lord ,clasped his lifted palms1 and--praying ,grace of ,krishna--stood there1 saying1 ,with bowed brow and accents broken1 ,these words1 timorously spoken3 ,arjuna4 ,worthily1 ,lord of ,might6 ,the whole world hath delight ,in ,thy surpassing power1 obeying ,thee2 ,the ,rakshasas1 in dread ,at sight of ,thee1 are sped ,to all four quarters2 and the company ,of ,siddhas sound ,thy name4 ,how should they not proclaim ,thy ,majesties1 ,divinest1 ,mightiest8 ,thou ,brahm1 than ,brahma greater6 ,thou ,infinite ,creator6 ,thou ,god of gods1 ,life's ,dwelling-place and ,rest6 ,thou1 of all souls the ,soul6 ,the ,comprehending ,whole6 ,of being formed1 and formless being the ,framer2 ,o ,utmost ,one6 ,o ,lord6 ,older than eld1 ,who stored ,the worlds with wealth of life6 ,o ,treasure-,claimer1 ,who wottest all1 and art ,wisdom ,thyself6 ,o ,part ,in all1 and ,all2 for all from ,thee have risen ,numberless now ,i see ,the aspects are of ,thee6 ,vayu,,fn#bd ,thou art1 and ,he who keeps the prison ,of ,narak1 ,yama dark2 ,and ,agni's shining spark2 ,varuna's waves are ,thy waves4 ,moon and starlight ,are ,thine6 ,prajapati ,art ,thou1 and 'tis to ,thee ,they knelt in worshipping the old world's far light1 ,the first of mortal men4 ,again1 ,thou ,god6 again ,a thousand thousand times be magnified6 ,honour and worship be-- ,glory and praise1--to ,thee ,namo1 ,namaste1 cried on every side2 ,cried here1 above1 below1 ,uttered when ,thou dost go1 ,uttered where ,thou dost come6 ,namo6 we call2 ,namostu6 ,god adored6 ,namostu6 ,nameless ,lord6 ,hail to ,thee6 ,praise to ,thee6 ,thou ,one in all2 ,for ,thou art ,all6 ,yea1 ,thou6 ,ah6 if in anger now ,thou shouldst remember ,i did think ,thee ,friend1 ,speaking with easy speech1 ,as men use each to each2 ,did call ,thee ,krishna1 ,prince1 nor comprehend ,thy hidden majesty1 ,the might1 the awe of ,thee2 ,did1 in my heedlessness1 or in my love1 ,on journey1 or in jest1 ,or when we lay at rest1 ,sitting at council1 straying in the grove1 ,alone1 or in the throng1 ,do ,thee1 most ,holy6 wrong1 ,be ,thy grace granted for that witless sin6 ,for ,thou art1 now ,i know1 ,father of all below1 ,of all above1 of all the worlds within ,guru of ,gurus2 more ,to reverence and adore ,than all which is adorable and high6 ,how1 in the wide worlds three ,should any equal be8 ,should any other share ,thy ,majesty8 ,therefore1 with body bent ,and reverent intent1 ,i praise1 and serve1 and seek ,thee1 asking grace4 ,as father to a son1 ,as friend to friend1 as one ,who loveth to his lover1 turn ,thy face ,in gentleness on me6 ,good is it ,i did see ,this unknown marvel of ,thy ,form6 ,but fear ,mingles with joy6 ,retake1 ,dear ,lord6 for pity's sake ,thine earthly shape1 which earthly eyes may bear6 ,be merciful1 and show ,the visage that ,i know2 ,let me regard ,thee1 as of yore1 arrayed ,with disc and forehead-gem1 ,with mace and anadem1 ,thou that sustainest all things6 ,undismayed ,let me once more behold ,the form ,i loved of old1 ,thou of the thousand arms and countless eyes6 ,this frightened heart is fain ,to see restored again ,my ,charioteer1 in ,krishna's kind disguise4 ,krishna4 ,yea6 thou hast seen1 ,arjuna6 because ,i loved thee well1 ,the secret countenance of ,me1 revealed by mystic spell1 ,shining1 and wonderful1 and vast1 majestic1 manifold1 ,which none save thou in all the years had favour to behold2 ,for not by ,vedas cometh this1 nor sacrifice1 nor alms1 ,nor works well-done1 nor penance long1 nor prayers1 nor chaunted psalms1 ,that mortal eyes should bear to view the ,immortal ,soul unclad1 ,prince of the ,kurus6 ,this was kept for thee alone6 ,be glad6 ,let no more trouble shake thy heart1 because thine eyes have seen ,my terror with ,my glory4 ,as ,i before have been ,so will ,i be again for thee2 with lightened heart behold6 ,once more ,i am thy ,krishna1 the form thou knew'st of old6 ,sanjaya4 ,these words to ,arjuna spake ,vasudev1 and straight did take ,back again the semblance dear ,of the well-loved charioteer2 ,peace and joy it did restore ,when the ,prince beheld once more ,mighty ,,brahma's form and face ,clothed in ,krishna's gentle grace4 ,arjuna4 ,now that ,i see come back1 ,janardana6 ,this friendly human frame1 my mind can think ,calm thoughts once more2 my heart beats still again6 ,krishna4 ,yea6 it was wonderful and terrible ,to view me as thou didst1 dear ,prince6 ,the gods ,dread and desire continually to view6 ,yet not by ,vedas1 nor from sacrifice1 ,nor penance1 nor gift-giving1 nor with prayer ,shall any so behold1 as thou hast seen6 ,only by fullest service1 perfect faith1 ,and uttermost surrender am ,i known ,and seen1 and entered into1 ,indian ,prince6 ,who doeth all for ,me2 who findeth ,me ,in all2 adoreth always2 loveth all ,which ,i have made1 and ,me1 for ,love's sole end ,that man1 ,arjuna6 unto ,me doth wend4 ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,viswarupadarsanam1 ,or ,the ,book of the ,manifesting of the ,one and ,manifold4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,arjuna4 ,lord6 of the men who serve ,thee--true in heart-- ,as ,god revealed2 and of the men who serve1 ,worshipping ,thee ,unrevealed1 ,unbodied1 ,far1 ,which take the better way of faith and life8 ,krishna4 ,whoever serve ,me--as ,i show ,myself-- ,constantly true1 in full devotion fixed1 ,those hold ,i very holy4 ,but who serve-- ,worshipping ,me ,the ,one1 ,the ,invisible1 ,the ,unrevealed1 ,unnamed1 ,unthinkable1 ,uttermost1 ,all-pervading1 ,highest1 ,sure-- ,who thus adore ,me1 mastering their sense1 ,of one set mind to all1 glad in all good1 ,these blessed souls come unto ,me4 ,yet1 hard ,the travail is for such as bend their minds ,to reach th' ,unmanifest ,that viewless path ,shall scarce be trod by man bearing the flesh6 ,but whereso any doeth all his deeds ,renouncing self for ,me1 full of ,me1 fixed ,to serve only the ,highest1 night and day ,musing on ,me--him will ,i swiftly lift ,forth from life's ocean of distress and death1 ,whose soul clings fast to ,me4 ,cling thou to ,me6 ,clasp ,me with heart and mind6 so shalt thou dwell ,surely with ,me on high4 ,but if thy thought ,droops from such height2 if thou be'st weak to set ,body and soul upon ,me constantly1 ,despair not6 give ,me lower service6 seek ,to reach ,me1 worshipping with steadfast will2 ,and1 if thou canst not worship steadfastly1 ,work for ,me1 toil in works pleasing to ,me6 ,for he that laboureth right for love of ,me ,shall finally attain6 ,but1 if in this ,thy faint heart fails1 bring ,me thy failure6 find ,refuge in ,me6 let fruits of labour go1 ,renouncing hope for ,me1 with lowliest heart1 ,so shalt thou come2 for1 though to know is more ,than diligence1 yet worship better is ,than knowing1 and renouncing better still4 ,near to renunciation--very near-- ,dwelleth ,eternal ,peace6 ,who hateth nought ,of all which lives1 living himself benign1 ,compassionate1 from arrogance exempt1 ,exempt from love of self1 unchangeable ,by good or ill2 patient1 contented1 firm ,in faith1 mastering himself1 true to his word1 ,seeking ,me1 heart and soul2 vowed unto ,me1-- ,that man ,i love6 ,who troubleth not his kind1 ,and is not troubled by them2 clear of wrath1 ,living too high for gladness1 grief1 or fear1 ,that man ,i love6 ,who1 dwelling quiet-eyed1,,fn#be ,stainless1 serene1 well-balanced1 unperplexed1 ,working with ,me1 yet from all works detached1 ,that man ,i love6 ,who1 fixed in faith on ,me1 ,dotes upon none1 scorns none2 rejoices not1 ,and grieves not1 letting good or evil hap ,light when it will1 and when it will depart1 ,that man ,i love6 ,who1 unto friend and foe ,keeping an equal heart1 with equal mind ,bears shame and glory2 with an equal peace ,takes heat and cold1 pleasure and pain2 abides ,quit of desires1 hears praise or calumny ,in passionless restraint1 unmoved by each2 ,linked by no ties to earth1 steadfast in ,me1 ,that man ,i love6 ,but most of all ,i love ,those happy ones to whom 'tis life to live ,in single fervid faith and love unseeing1 ,drinking the blessed ,amrit of my ,being6 ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,bhaktiyog1 ,or,the ,book of the ,religion of ,faith4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,arjuna4 ,now would ,i hear1 ,o gracious ,kesava6,,fn#bf ,of ,life which seems1 and ,soul beyond1 which sees1 ,and what it is we know-or think to know4 ,krishna4 ,yea6 ,son of ,kunti6 for this flesh ye see ,is ,kshetra1 is the field where ,life disports2 ,and that which views and knows it is the ,soul1 ,kshetrajna4 ,in all fields1 thou ,indian prince6 ,i am ,kshetrajna4 ,i am what surveys6 ,only that knowledge knows which knows the known ,by the knower6,,fn#bg ,what it is1 that field of life1 ,what qualities it hath1 and whence it is1 ,and why it changeth1 and the faculty ,that wotteth it1 the mightiness of this1 ,and how it wotteth-hear these things from ,me6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4,,fn#bh ,the elements1 the conscious life1 the mind1 ,the unseen vital force1 the nine strange gates ,of the body1 and the five domains of sense2 ,desire1 dislike1 pleasure and pain1 and thought ,deep-woven1 and persistency of being2 ,these all are wrought on ,matter by the ,soul6 ,humbleness1 truthfulness1 and harmlessness1 ,patience and honour1 reverence for the wise4 ,purity1 constancy1 control of self1 ,contempt of sense-delights1 self-sacrifice1 ,perception of the certitude of ill ,in birth1 death1 age1 disease1 suffering1 and sin2 ,detachment1 lightly holding unto home1 ,children1 and wife1 and all that bindeth men2 ,an ever-tranquil heart in fortunes good ,and fortunes evil1 with a will set firm ,to worship ,me--,me only6 ceasing not2 ,loving all solitudes1 and shunning noise ,of foolish crowds2 endeavours resolute ,to reach perception of the ,utmost ,soul1 ,and grace to understand what gain it were ,so to attain1--this is true ,wisdom1 ,prince6 ,and what is otherwise is ignorance6 ,now will ,i speak of knowledge best to know- ,that ,truth which giveth man ,amrit to drink1 ,the ,truth of ,,him1 the ,para-,brahm1 the ,all1 ,the ,uncreated22 not ,asat1 not ,sat1 ,not ,form1 nor the ,unformed2 yet both1 and more2-- ,whose hands are everywhere1 and everywhere ,planted ,his feet1 and everywhere ,his eyes ,beholding1 and ,his ears in every place ,hearing1 and all ,his faces everywhere ,enlightening and encompassing ,his worlds4 ,glorified in the senses ,he hath given1 ,yet beyond sense ,he is2 sustaining all1 ,yet dwells ,he unattached3 of forms and modes ,master1 yet neither form nor mode hath ,he2 ,he is within all beings--and without-- ,motionless1 yet still moving2 not discerned ,for subtlety of instant presence2 close ,to all1 to each2 yet measurelessly far6 ,not manifold1 and yet subsisting still ,in all which lives2 for ever to be known ,as the ,sustainer1 yet1 at the ,end of ,times1 ,he maketh all to end--and re-creates4 ,the ,light of ,lights ,he is1 in the heart of the ,dark ,shining eternally4 ,wisdom ,he is ,and ,wisdom's way1 and ,guide of all the wise1 ,planted in every heart4 ,so have ,i told ,of ,life's stuff1 and the moulding1 and the lore ,to comprehend4 ,whoso1 adoring ,me1 ,perceiveth this1 shall surely come to ,me6 ,know thou that ,nature and the ,spirit both ,have no beginning6 ,know that qualities ,and changes of them are by ,nature wrought2 ,that ,nature puts to work the acting frame1 ,but ,spirit doth inform it1 and so cause ,feeling of pain and pleasure4 ,spirit1 linked ,to moulded matter1 entereth into bond ,with qualities by ,nature framed1 and1 thus ,married to matter1 breeds the birth again ,in good or evil yonis4,,fn#bi ,yet is this ,yea6 in its bodily prison6--,spirit pure1 ,spirit supreme2 surveying1 governing1 ,guarding1 possessing2 ,lord and ,master still ,,purusha1 ,ultimate1 ,one ,soul with ,me4 ,whoso thus knows himself1 and knows his soul ,,purusha1 working through the qualities ,with ,nature's modes1 the light hath come for him6 ,whatever flesh he bears1 never again ,shall he take on its load4 ,some few there be ,by meditation find the ,soul in ,self ,self-schooled2 and some by long philosophy ,and holy life reach thither2 some by works3 ,some1 never so attaining1 hear of light ,from other lips1 and seize1 and cleave to it ,worshipping2 yea6 and those--to teaching true-- ,overpass ,death6 ,wherever1 ,indian ,prince6 ,life is--of moving things1 or things unmoved1 ,plant or still seed--know1 what is there hath grown ,by bond of ,matter and of ,spirit3 ,know ,he sees indeed who sees in all alike ,the living1 lordly ,soul2 the ,soul ,supreme1 ,imperishable amid the ,perishing3 ,for1 whoso thus beholds1 in every place1 ,in every form1 the same1 one1 ,living ,life1 ,doth no more wrongfulness unto himself1 ,but goes the highest road which brings to bliss4 ,seeing1 he sees1 indeed1 who sees that works ,are ,nature's wont1 for ,soul to practise by ,acting1 yet not the agent2 sees the mass ,of separate living things--each of its kind-- ,issue from ,one1 and blend again to ,one3 ,then hath he ,,brahma1 he attains6 ,o ,prince6 ,that ,ultimate1 ,high ,spirit1 ,uncreate1 ,unqualified1 even when it entereth flesh ,taketh no stain of acts1 worketh in nought6 ,like to the ethereal air1 pervading all1 ,which1 for sheer subtlety1 avoideth taint1 ,the subtle ,soul sits everywhere1 unstained3 ,like to the light of the all-piercing sun ,which is not changed by aught it shines upon1 ,the ,soul's light shineth pure in every place2 ,and they who1 by such eye of wisdom1 see ,how ,matter1 and what deals with it1 divide2 ,and how the ,spirit and the flesh have strife1 ,those wise ones go the way which leads to ,life6 ,,here ,,ends ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,kshetrakshetrajnavibhagayog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,religion by ,separation of ,matter and ,spirit4 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,krishna4 ,yet farther will ,i open unto thee ,this wisdom of all wisdoms1 uttermost1 ,the which possessing1 all ,my saints have passed ,to perfectness4 ,on such high verities ,reliant1 rising into fellowship ,with ,me1 they are not born again at birth ,of ,kalpas1 nor at ,pralyas suffer change6 ,this ,universe the womb is where ,i plant ,seed of all lives6 ,thence1 ,prince of ,india1 comes ,birth to all beings6 ,whoso1 ,kunti's ,son6 ,mothers each mortal form1 ,brahma conceives1 ,and ,i am ,he that fathers1 sending seed6 ,sattwan1 ,rajas1 and ,tamas1 so are named ,the qualities of ,nature1 ,soothfastness1 ,passion1 and ,ignorance4 ,these three bind down ,the changeless ,spirit in the changeful flesh4 ,whereof sweet ,soothfastness1 by purity ,living unsullied and enlightened1 binds ,the sinless ,soul to happiness and truth2 ,and ,passion1 being kin to appetite1 ,and breeding impulse and propensity1 ,binds the embodied ,soul1 ,o ,kunti's ,son6 ,by tie of works4 ,but ,ignorance1 begot ,of ,darkness1 blinding mortal men1 binds down ,their souls to stupor1 sloth1 and drowsiness4 ,yea1 ,prince of ,india6 ,soothfastness binds souls ,in pleasant wise to flesh2 and ,passion binds ,by toilsome strain2 but ,ignorance1 which blots ,the beams of wisdom1 binds the soul to sloth4 ,passion and ,ignorance1 once overcome1 ,leave ,soothfastness1 ,o ,bharata6 ,where this ,with ,ignorance are absent1 ,passion rules2 ,and ,ignorance in hearts not good nor quick4 ,when at all gateways of the ,body shines ,the ,lamp of ,knowledge1 then may one see well ,soothfastness settled in that city reigns2 ,where longing is1 and ardour1 and unrest1 ,impulse to strive and gain1 and avarice1 ,those spring from ,passion--,prince6--engrained2 and where ,darkness and dulness1 sloth and stupor are1 ',tis ,ignorance hath caused them1 ,kuru ,chief6 ,moreover1 when a soul departeth1 fixed ,in ,soothfastness1 it goeth to the place-- ,perfect and pure--of those that know all ,truth4 ,if it departeth in set habitude ,of ,impulse1 it shall pass into the world ,of spirits tied to works2 and1 if it dies ,in hardened ,ignorance1 that blinded soul ,is born anew in some unlighted womb4 ,the fruit of ,soothfastness is true and sweet2 ,the fruit of lusts is pain and toil2 the fruit ,of ,ignorance is deeper darkness4 ,yea6 ,for ,light brings light1 and ,passion ache to have2 ,and gloom1 bewilderments1 and ignorance ,grow forth from ,ignorance4 ,those of the first ,rise ever higher2 those of the second mode ,take a mid place2 the darkened souls sink back ,to lower deeps1 loaded with witlessness6 ,when1 watching life1 the living man perceives ,the only actors are the ,qualities1 ,and knows what rules beyond the ,qualities1 ,then is he come nigh unto ,me6 ,the ,soul1 ,thus passing forth from the ,three ,qualities-- ,whereby arise all bodies--overcomes ,birth1 ,death1 ,sorrow1 and ,age2 and drinketh deep ,the undying wine of ,amrit4 ,arjuna4 ,oh1 my ,lord6 ,which be the signs to know him that hath gone ,past the ,three ,modes8 ,how liveth he8 ,what way ,leadeth him safe beyond the threefold ,modes8 ,krishna4 ,he who with equanimity surveys ,lustre of goodness1 strife of passion1 sloth ,of ignorance1 not angry if they are1 ,not wishful when they are not3 he who sits ,a sojourner and stranger in their midst ,unruffled1 standing off1 saying--serene-- ,when troubles break1 ,these be the ,qualities6 ,he unto whom--self-centred--grief and joy ,sound as one word2 to whose deep-seeing eyes ,the clod1 the marble1 and the gold are one2 ,whose equal heart holds the same gentleness ,for lovely and unlovely things1 firm-set1 ,well-pleased in praise and dispraise2 satisfied ,with honour or dishonour2 unto friends ,and unto foes alike in tolerance2 ,detached from undertakings1--he is named ,surmounter of the ,qualities6 ,and such-- ,with single1 fervent faith adoring ,me1 ,passing beyond the ,qualities1 conforms ,to ,brahma1 and attains ,me6 ,for ,i am ,that whereof ,brahma is the likeness6 ,mine ,the ,amrit is2 and ,immortality ,is mine2 and mine perfect ,felicity6 ,,here ,,ends ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita ,entitled ,gunatrayavibhagayog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,religion by ,separation from the ,qualities4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,krishna4 ,men call the ,aswattha1--the ,banyan-tree1-- ,which hath its boughs beneath1 its roots above1-- ,the ever-holy tree4 ,yea6 for its leaves ,are green and waving hymns which whisper ,truth6 ,who knows the ,aswattha1 knows ,veds1 and all4 ,its branches shoot to heaven and sink to earth1,,fn#cj ,even as the deeds of men1 which take their birth ,from qualities3 its silver sprays and blooms1 ,and all the eager verdure of its girth1 ,leap to quick life at kiss of sun and air1 ,as men's lives quicken to the temptings fair ,of wooing sense3 its hanging rootlets seek ,the soil beneath1 helping to hold it there1 ,as actions wrought amid this world of men ,bind them by ever-tightening bonds again4 ,if ye knew well the teaching of the ,tree1 ,what its shape saith2 and whence it springs2 and1 then ,how it must end1 and all the ills of it1 ,the axe of sharp ,detachment ye would whet1 ,and cleave the clinging snaky roots1 and lay ,this ,aswattha of sense-life low1--to set ,new growths upspringing to that happier sky1-- ,which they who reach shall have no day to die1 ,nor fade away1 nor fall--to ,him1 ,i mean1 ,,father and ,,first1 ,who made the mystery ,of old ,creation2 for to ,him come they ,from passion and from dreams who break away2 ,who part the bonds constraining them to flesh1 ,and1--,him1 the ,highest1 worshipping alway-- ,no longer grow at mercy of what breeze ,of summer pleasure stirs the sleeping trees1 ,what blast of tempest tears them1 bough and stem ,to the eternal world pass such as these6 ,another ,sun gleams there6 another ,moon6 ,another ,light1--not ,dusk1 nor ,dawn1 nor ,noon-- ,which they who once behold return no more2 ,they have attained ,my rest1 life's ,utmost boon6 ,when1 in this world of manifested life1 ,the undying ,spirit1 setting forth from ,me1 ,taketh on form1 it draweth to itself ,from ,being's storehouse1--which containeth all1-- ,senses and intellect4 ,the ,sovereign ,soul ,thus entering the flesh1 or quitting it1 ,gathers these up1 as the wind gathers scents1 ,blowing above the flower-beds4 ,ear and ,eye1 ,and ,touch and ,taste1 and ,smelling1 these it takes1-- ,yea1 and a sentient mind2--linking itself ,to sense-things so4 ,the unenlightened ones ,mark not that ,spirit when he goes or comes1 ,nor when he takes his pleasure in the form1 ,conjoined with qualities2 but those see plain ,who have the eyes to see4 ,holy souls see ,which strive thereto4 ,enlightened1 they perceive ,that ,spirit in themselves2 but foolish ones1 ,even though they strive1 discern not1 having hearts ,unkindled1 ill-informed6 ,know1 too1 from ,me ,shineth the gathered glory of the suns ,which lighten all the world3 from ,me the moons ,draw silvery beams1 and fire fierce loveliness4 ,i penetrate the clay1 and lend all shapes ,their living force2 ,i glide into the plant-- ,root1 leaf1 and bloom--to make the woodlands green ,with springing sap4 ,becoming vital warmth1 ,i glow in glad1 respiring frames1 and pass1 ,with outward and with inward breath1 to feed ,the body by all meats4,,fn#ca ,for in this world ,being is twofold3 the ,divided1 one2 ,the ,undivided1 one4 ,all things that live ,are the ,divided4 ,that which sits apart1 ,the ,undivided4 ,higher still is ,he1 ,the ,highest1 holding all1 whose ,name is ,,lord1 ,the ,eternal1 ,sovereign1 ,first6 ,who fills all worlds1 ,sustaining them4 ,and--dwelling thus beyond ,divided ,being and ,undivided--,i ,am called of men and ,vedas1 ,life ,supreme1 ,the ,,purushottama4 ,who knows ,me thus1 ,with mind unclouded1 knoweth all1 dear ,prince6 ,and with his whole soul ever worshippeth ,me4 ,now is the sacred1 secret ,mystery ,declared to thee6 ,who comprehendeth this ,hath wisdom6 ,he is quit of works in bliss6 ,,here ,,ends ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita ,entitled ,purushottamapraptiyog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,religion by attaining the ,supreme4 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,krishna4 ,fearlessness1 singleness of soul1 the will ,always to strive for wisdom2 opened hand ,and governed appetites2 and piety1 ,and love of lonely study2 humbleness1 ,uprightness1 heed to injure nought which lives1 ,truthfulness1 slowness unto wrath1 a mind ,that lightly letteth go what others prize2 ,and equanimity1 and charity ,which spieth no man's faults2 and tenderness ,towards all that suffer2 a contented heart1 ,fluttered by no desires2 a bearing mild1 ,modest1 and grave1 with manhood nobly mixed1 ,with patience1 fortitude1 and purity2 ,an unrevengeful spirit1 never given ,to rate itself too high2--such be the signs1 ,o ,indian ,prince6 of him whose feet are set ,on that fair path which leads to heavenly birth6 ,deceitfulness1 and arrogance1 and pride1 ,quickness to anger1 harsh and evil speech1 ,and ignorance1 to its own darkness blind1-- ,these be the signs1 ,my ,prince6 of him whose birth ,is fated for the regions of the vile4,,fn#cb ,the ,heavenly ,birth brings to deliverance1 ,so should'st thou know6 ,the birth with ,asuras ,brings into bondage4 ,be thou joyous1 ,prince6 ,whose lot is set apart for heavenly ,birth4 ,two stamps there are marked on all living men1 ,divine and ,undivine2 ,i spake to thee ,by what marks thou shouldst know the ,heavenly ,man1 ,hear from me now of the ,unheavenly6 ,they comprehend not1 the ,unheavenly1 ,how ,souls go forth from ,me2 nor how they come ,back unto ,me3 nor is there ,truth in these1 ,nor purity1 nor rule of ,life4 ,this world ,hath not a ,law1 nor ,order1 nor a ,lord1 ,so say they3 nor hath risen up by ,cause ,following on ,cause1 in perfect purposing1 ,but is none other than a ,house of ,lust4 ,and1 this thing thinking1 all those ruined ones-- ,of little wit1 dark-minded--give themselves ,to evil deeds1 the curses of their kind4 ,surrendered to desires insatiable1 ,full of deceitfulness1 folly1 and pride1 ,in blindness cleaving to their errors1 caught ,into the sinful course1 they trust this lie ,as it were true--this lie which leads to death-- ,finding in ,pleasure all the good which is1 ,and crying ,here it finisheth6 ,ensnared ,in nooses of a hundred idle hopes1 ,slaves to their passion and their wrath1 they buy ,wealth with base deeds1 to glut hot appetites2 ,thus much1 to-day1 they say1 we gained6 thereby ,such and such wish of heart shall have its fill2 ,and this is ours6 and th' other shall be ours6 ,to-day we slew a foe1 and we will slay ,our other enemy to-morrow6 ,look6 ,are we not lords8 ,make we not goodly cheer8 ,is not our fortune famous1 brave1 and great8 ,rich are we1 proudly born6 ,what other men ,live like to us8 ,kill1 then1 for sacrifice6 ,cast largesse1 and be merry6 ,so they speak ,darkened by ignorance2 and so they fall-- ,tossed to and fro with projects1 tricked1 and bound ,in net of black delusion1 lost in lusts-- ,down to foul ,naraka4 ,conceited1 fond1 ,stubborn and proud1 dead-drunken with the wine ,of wealth1 and reckless1 all their offerings ,have but a show of reverence1 being not made ,in piety of ancient faith4 ,thus vowed ,to self-hood1 force1 insolence1 feasting1 wrath1 ,these ,my blasphemers1 in the forms they wear ,and in the forms they breed1 my foemen are1 ,hateful and hating2 cruel1 evil1 vile1 ,lowest and least of men1 whom ,i cast down ,again1 and yet again1 at end of lives1 ,into some devilish womb1 whence--birth by birth-- ,the devilish wombs re-spawn them1 all beguiled2 ,and1 till they find and worship ,me1 sweet ,prince6 ,tread they that ,nether ,road4 ,the ,doors of ,hell ,are threefold1 whereby men to ruin pass1-- ,the door of ,lust1 the door of ,wrath1 the door ,of ,avarice4 ,let a man shun those three6 ,he who shall turn aside from entering ,all those three gates of ,narak1 wendeth straight ,to find his peace1 and comes to ,swarga's gate4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4,,fn#cc ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,daivasarasaupadwibhagayog1 ,or ,the ,book of the ,separateness of the ,divine and ,undivine4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,arjuna4 ,if men forsake the holy ordinance1 ,heedless of ,shastras1 yet keep faith at heart ,and worship1 what shall be the state of those1 ,great ,krishna6 ,sattwan1 ,rajas1 ,tamas8 ,say6 ,krishna4 ,threefold the faith is of mankind and springs ,from those three qualities1--becoming true1 ,or passion-stained1 or dark1 as thou shalt hear6 ,the faith of each believer1 ,indian ,prince6 ,conforms itself to what he truly is4 ,where thou shalt see a worshipper1 that one ,to what he worships lives assimilate1 ,such as the shrine1 so is the votary1 ,the soothfast souls adore true gods2 the souls ,obeying ,rajas worship ,rakshasas,,fn#cd ,or ,yakshas2 and the men of ,darkness pray ,to ,pretas and to ,bhutas4,,fn#ce ,yea1 and those ,who practise bitter penance1 not enjoined ,by rightful rule--penance which hath its root ,in self-sufficient1 proud hypocrisies-- ,those men1 passion-beset1 violent1 wild1 ,torturing--the witless ones--,my elements ,shut in fair company within their flesh1 7,nay1 ,me myself1 present within the flesh67 ,know them to devils devoted1 not to ,heaven6 ,for like as foods are threefold for mankind ,in nourishing1 so is there threefold way ,of worship1 abstinence1 and almsgiving6 ,hear this of ,me6 there is a food which brings ,force1 substance1 strength1 and health1 and joy to live1 ,being well-seasoned1 cordial1 comforting1 ,the ,soothfast meat4 ,and there be foods which bring ,aches and unrests1 and burning blood1 and grief1 ,being too biting1 heating1 salt1 and sharp1 ,and therefore craved by too strong appetite4 ,and there is foul food--kept from over-night1,,fn#cf ,savourless1 filthy1 which the foul will eat1 ,a feast of rottenness1 meet for the lips ,of such as love the ,darkness4 ,thus with rites2-- ,a sacrifice not for rewardment made1 ,offered in rightful wise1 when he who vows ,sayeth1 with heart devout1 ,this ,i should do6 ,is ,soothfast rite4 ,but sacrifice for gain1 ,offered for good repute1 be sure that this1 ,o ,best of ,bharatas6 is ,rajas-rite1 ,with stamp of passion4 ,and a sacrifice ,offered against the laws1 with no due dole ,of food-giving1 with no accompaniment ,of hallowed hymn1 nor largesse to the priests1 ,in faithless celebration1 call it vile1 ,the deed of ,darkness6--lost6 ,worship of gods ,meriting worship2 lowly reverence ,of ,twice-borns1 ,teachers1 ,elders2 ,purity1 ,rectitude1 and the ,brahmacharya's vow1 ,and not to injure any helpless thing1-- ,these make a true religiousness of ,act4 ,words causing no man woe1 words ever true1 ,gentle and pleasing words1 and those ye say ,in murmured reading of a ,sacred ,writ1-- ,these make the true religiousness of ,speech4 ,serenity of soul1 benignity1 ,sway of the silent ,spirit1 constant stress ,to sanctify the ,nature1--these things make ,good rite1 and true religiousness of ,mind4 ,such threefold faith1 in highest piety ,kept1 with no hope of gain1 by hearts devote1 ,is perfect work of ,sattwan1 true belief4 ,religion shown in act of proud display ,to win good entertainment1 worship1 fame1 ,such--say ,i--is of ,rajas1 rash and vain4 ,religion followed by a witless will ,to torture self1 or come at power to hurt ,another1--'tis of ,tamas1 dark and ill4 ,the gift lovingly given1 when one shall say ,now must ,i gladly give6 when he who takes ,can render nothing back2 made in due place1 ,due time1 and to a meet recipient1 ,is gift of ,sattwan1 fair and profitable4 ,the gift selfishly given1 where to receive ,is hoped again1 or when some end is sought1 ,or where the gift is proffered with a grudge1 ,this is of ,rajas1 stained with impulse1 ill4 ,the gift churlishly flung1 at evil time1 ,in wrongful place1 to base recipient1 ,made in disdain or harsh unkindliness1 ,is gift of ,tamas1 dark2 it doth not bless6,,fn#cg ,,here ,,endeth ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,of ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,entitled ,sraddhatrayavibhagayog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,religion by the ,threefold ,kinds of ,faith4 ,,chapter ,,xviii ,arjuna4 ,fain would ,i better know1 ,thou ,glorious ,one6 ,the very truth--,heart's ,lord6--of ,sannyas1 ,abstention2 and enunciation1 ,lord6 ,tyaga2 and what separates these twain6 ,krishna4 ,the poets rightly teach that ,sannyas ,is the foregoing of all acts which spring ,out of desire2 and their wisest say ,tyaga is renouncing fruit of acts4 ,there be among the saints some who have held ,all action sinful1 and to be renounced2 ,and some who answer1 ,nay6 the goodly acts-- ,as worship1 penance1 alms--must be performed6 ,hear now ,my sentence1 ,best of ,bharatas6 ',tis well set forth1 ,o ,chaser of thy ,foes6 ,renunciation is of threefold form1 ,and ,worship1 ,penance1 ,alms1 not to be stayed2 ,nay1 to be gladly done2 for all those three ,are purifying waters for true souls6 ,yet must be practised even those high works ,in yielding up attachment1 and all fruit ,produced by works4 ,this is ,my judgment1 ,prince6 ,this ,my insuperable and fixed decree6 ,abstaining from a work by right prescribed ,never is meet6 ,so to abstain doth spring ,from ,darkness1 and ,delusion teacheth it4 ,abstaining from a work grievous to flesh1 ,when one saith ',tis unpleasing6 this is null6 ,such an one acts from passion2 nought of gain ,wins his ,renunciation6 ,but1 ,arjun6 ,abstaining from attachment to the work1 ,abstaining from rewardment in the work1 ,while yet one doeth it full faithfully1 ,saying1 ,tis right to do6 that is true act ,and abstinence6 ,who doeth duties so1 ,unvexed if his work fail1 if it succeed ,unflattered1 in his own heart justified1 ,quit of debates and doubts1 his is true act3 ,for1 being in the body1 none may stand ,wholly aloof from act2 yet1 who abstains ,from profit of his acts is abstinent4 ,the fruit of labours1 in the lives to come1 ,is threefold for all men1--,desirable1 ,and ,undesirable1 and mixed of both2 ,but no fruit is at all where no work was4 ,hear from me1 ,long-armed ,lord6 the makings five ,which go to every act1 in ,sankhya taught ,as necessary4 ,first the force2 and then ,the agent2 next1 the various instruments2 ,fourth1 the especial effort2 fifth1 the ,god4 ,what work soever any mortal doth ,of body1 mind1 or speech1 evil or good1 ,by these five doth he that4 ,which being thus1 ,whoso1 for lack of knowledge1 seeth himself ,as the sole actor1 knoweth nought at all ,and seeth nought4 ,therefore1 ,i say1 if one-- ,holding aloof from self--with unstained mind ,should slay all yonder host1 being bid to slay1 ,he doth not slay2 he is not bound thereby6 ,knowledge1 the thing known1 and the mind which knows1 ,these make the threefold starting-ground of act4 ,the act1 the actor1 and the instrument1 ,these make the threefold total of the deed4 ,but knowledge1 agent1 act1 are differenced ,by three dividing qualities4 ,hear now ,which be the qualities dividing them4 ,there is true ,knowledge4 ,learn thou it is this3 ,to see one changeless ,life in all the ,lives1 ,and in the ,separate1 ,one ,inseparable4 ,there is imperfect ,knowledge3 that which sees ,the separate existences apart1 ,and1 being separated1 holds them real4 ,there is false ,knowledge3 that which blindly clings ,to one as if 'twere all1 seeking no ,cause1 ,deprived of light1 narrow1 and dull1 and dark4 ,there is right ,action3 that which being enjoined-- ,is wrought without attachment1 passionlessly1 ,for duty1 not for love1 nor hate1 nor gain4 ,there is vain ,action3 that which men pursue ,aching to satisfy desires1 impelled ,by sense of self1 with all-absorbing stress3 ,this is of ,rajas--passionate and vain4 ,there is dark ,action3 when one doth a thing ,heedless of issues1 heedless of the hurt ,or wrong for others1 heedless if he harm ,his own soul--'tis of ,tamas1 black and bad6 ,there is the rightfuldoer4 ,he who acts ,free from self-seeking1 humble1 resolute1 ,steadfast1 in good or evil hap the same1 ,content to do aright-he truly acts4 ,there is th' impassioned doer4 ,he that works ,from impulse1 seeking profit1 rude and bold ,to overcome1 unchastened2 slave by turns ,of sorrow and of joy3 of ,rajas he6 ,and there be evil doers2 loose of heart1 ,low-minded1 stubborn1 fraudulent1 remiss1 ,dull1 slow1 despondent--children of the dark4 ,hear1 too1 of ,intellect and ,steadfastness ,the threefold separation1 ,conqueror-,prince6 ,how these are set apart by ,qualities4 ,good is the ,intellect which comprehends ,the coming forth and going back of life1 ,what must be done1 and what must not be done1 ,what should be feared1 and what should not be feared1 ,what binds and what emancipates the soul3 ,that is of ,sattwan1 ,prince6 of soothfastness4 ,marred is the ,intellect which1 knowing right ,and knowing wrong1 and what is well to do ,and what must not be done1 yet understands ,nought with firm mind1 nor as the calm truth is3 ,this is of ,rajas1 ,prince6 and passionate6 ,evil is ,intellect which1 wrapped in gloom1 ,looks upon wrong as right1 and sees all things ,contrariwise of ,truth4 ,o ,pritha's ,son6 ,that is of ,tamas1 dark and desperate6 ,good is the steadfastness whereby a man ,masters his beats of heart1 his very breath ,of life1 the action of his senses2 fixed ,in never-shaken faith and piety3 ,that is of ,sattwan1 ,prince6 soothfast and fair6 ,stained is the steadfastness whereby a man ,holds to his duty1 purpose1 effort1 end1 ,for life's sake1 and the love of goods to gain1 ,arjuna6 'tis of ,rajas1 passion-stamped6 ,sad is the steadfastness wherewith the fool ,cleaves to his sloth1 his sorrow1 and his fears1 ,his folly and despair4 ,this--,pritha's ,son6-- ,is born of ,tamas1 dark and miserable6 ,hear further1 ,chief of ,bharatas6 from ,me ,the threefold kinds of ,pleasure which there be4 ,good ,pleasure is the pleasure that endures1 ,banishing pain for aye2 bitter at first ,as poison to the soul1 but afterward ,sweet as the taste of ,amrit4 ,drink of that6 ,it springeth in the ,spirit's deep content4 ,and painful ,pleasure springeth from the bond ,between the senses and the sense-world4 ,sweet ,as ,amrit is its first taste1 but its last ,bitter as poison4 ',tis of ,rajas1 ,prince6 ,and foul and dark the ,pleasure is which springs ,from sloth and sin and foolishness2 at first ,and at the last1 and all the way of life ,the soul bewildering4 ',tis of ,tamas1 ,prince6 ,for nothing lives on earth1 nor 'midst the gods ,in utmost heaven1 but hath its being bound ,with these three ,qualities1 by ,nature framed4 ,the work of ,brahmans1 ,kshatriyas1 ,vaisyas1 ,and ,sudras1 ,o thou ,slayer of thy ,foes6 ,is fixed by reason of the ,qualities ,planted in each3 ,a ,brahman's virtues1 ,prince6 ,born of his nature1 are serenity1 ,self-mastery1 religion1 purity1 ,patience1 uprightness1 learning1 and to know ,the truth of things which be4 ,a ,kshatriya's pride1 ,born of his nature1 lives in valour1 fire1 ,constancy1 skilfulness1 spirit in fight1 ,and open-handedness and noble mien1 ,as of a lord of men4 ,a ,vaisya's task1 ,born with his nature1 is to till the ground1 ,tend cattle1 venture trade4 ,a ,sudra's state1 ,suiting his nature1 is to minister4 ,whoso performeth--diligent1 content-- ,the work allotted him1 whate'er it be1 ,lays hold of perfectness6 ,hear how a man ,findeth perfection1 being so content3 ,he findeth it through worship--wrought by work-- ,of ,him that is the ,source of all which lives1 ,of ,,him by ,whom the universe was stretched4 ,better thine own work is1 though done with fault1 ,than doing others' work1 ev'n excellently4 ,he shall not fall in sin who fronts the task ,set him by ,nature's hand6 ,let no man leave ,his natural duty1 ,prince6 though it bear blame6 ,for every work hath blame1 as every flame ,is wrapped in smoke6 ,only that man attains ,perfect surcease of work whose work was wrought ,with mind unfettered1 soul wholly subdued1 ,desires for ever dead1 results renounced4 ,learn from me1 ,son of ,kunti6 also this1 ,how one1 attaining perfect peace1 attains ,,brahm1 the supreme1 the highest height of all6 ,devoted--with a heart grown pure1 restrained ,in lordly self-control1 forgoing wiles ,of song and senses1 freed from love and hate1 ,dwelling 'mid solitudes1 in diet spare1 ,with body1 speech1 and will tamed to obey1 ,ever to holy meditation vowed1 ,from passions liberate1 quit of the ,self1 ,of arrogance1 impatience1 anger1 pride2 ,freed from surroundings1 quiet1 lacking nought-- ,such an one grows to oneness with the ,,brahm2 ,such an one1 growing one with ,,brahm1 serene1 ,sorrows no more1 desires no more2 his soul1 ,equally loving all that lives1 loves well ,me1 ,who have made them1 and attains to ,me4 ,by this same love and worship doth he know ,me as ,i am1 how high and wonderful1 ,and knowing1 straightway enters into ,me4 ,and whatsoever deeds he doeth--fixed ,in ,me1 as in his refuge--he hath won ,for ever and for ever by ,my grace ,th' ,eternal ,rest6 ,so win thou6 ,in thy thoughts ,do all thou dost for ,me6 ,renounce for ,me6 ,sacrifice heart and mind and will to ,me6 ,live in the faith of ,me6 ,in faith of ,me ,all dangers thou shalt vanquish1 by ,my grace2 ,but1 trusting to thyself and heeding not1 ,thou can'st but perish6 ,if this day thou say'st1 ,relying on thyself1 ,i will not fight6 ,vain will the purpose prove6 thy qualities ,would spur thee to the war4 ,what thou dost shun1 ,misled by fair illusions1 thou wouldst seek ,against thy will1 when the task comes to thee ,waking the promptings in thy nature set4 ,there lives a ,master in the hearts of men ,maketh their deeds1 by subtle pulling--strings1 ,dance to what tune ,,he will4 ,with all thy soul ,trust ,him1 and take ,him for thy succour1 ,prince6 ,so--only so1 ,arjuna6--shalt thou gain-- ,by grace of ,him--the uttermost repose1 ,the ,eternal ,place6 ,thus hath been opened thee ,this ,truth of ,truths1 the ,mystery more hid ,than any secret mystery4 ,meditate6 ,and--as thou wilt--then act6 ,nay6 but once more ,take ,my last word1 ,my utmost meaning have6 ,precious thou art to ,me2 right well-beloved6 ,listen6 ,i tell thee for thy comfort this4 ,give ,me thy heart6 adore ,me6 serve ,me6 cling ,in faith and love and reverence to ,me6 ,so shalt thou come to ,me6 ,i promise true1 ,for thou art sweet to ,me6 ,and let go those-- ,rites and writ duties6 ,fly to ,me alone6 ,make ,me thy single refuge6 ,i will free ,thy soul from all its sins6 ,be of good cheer6 ,hide1 the holy ,krishna saith1 ,this from him that hath no faith1 ,him that worships not1 nor seeks ,wisdom's teaching when she speaks3 ,hide it from all men who mock2 ,but1 wherever1 'mid the flock ,of ,my lovers1 one shall teach ,this divinest1 wisest1 speech-- ,teaching in the faith to bring ,truth to them1 and offering ,of all honour unto ,me-- ,unto ,brahma cometh he6 ,nay1 and nowhere shall ye find ,any man of all mankind ,doing dearer deed for ,me2 ,nor shall any dearer be ,in ,my earth4 ,yea1 furthermore1 ,whoso reads this converse o'er1 ,held by ,us upon the plain1 ,pondering piously and fain1 ,he hath paid ,me sacrifice6 7,krishna speaketh in this wise67 ,yea1 and whoso1 full of faith1 ,heareth wisely what it saith1 ,heareth meekly1--when he dies1 ,surely shall his spirit rise ,to those regions where the ,blest1 ,free of flesh1 in joyance rest4 ,hath this been heard by thee1 ,o ,indian ,prince6 ,with mind intent8 hath all the ignorance-- ,which bred thy trouble--vanished1 ,my ,arjun8 ,arjuna4 ,trouble and ignorance are gone6 the ,light ,hath come unto me1 by ,thy favour1 ,lord6 ,now am ,i fixed6 my doubt is fled away6 ,according to ,thy word1 so will ,i do6 ,sanjaya4 ,thus gathered ,i the gracious speech of ,krishna1 ,o my ,king6 ,thus have ,i told1 with heart a-thrill1 this wise and wondrous thing ,by great ,vyasa's learning writ1 how ,krishna's self made known ,the ,yoga1 being ,yoga's ,lord4 ,so is the high truth shown6 ,and aye1 when ,i remember1 ,o ,lord my ,king1 again ,arjuna and the ,god in talk1 and all this holy strain1 ,great is my gladness3 when ,i muse that splendour1 passing speech1 ,of ,hari1 visible and plain1 there is no tongue to reach ,my marvel and my love and bliss4 ,o ,archer-,prince6 all hail6 ,o ,krishna1 ,lord of ,yoga6 surely there shall not fail ,blessing1 and victory1 and power1 for ,thy most mighty sake1 ,where this song comes of ,arjun1 and how with ,god he spake4 ,,here ,,ends1 ,,with ,,chapter ,,xviii41 ,entitled ,mokshasanyasayog1 ,or ,the ,book of ,religion by ,deliverance and ,renunciation1 ,,the ,,bhagavad-,,gita4 ,,fn#a ,some repetitionary lines are here omitted4 ,,fn#b ,technical phrases of ,vedic religion4 ,,fn#c ,the whole of this passage is highly involved and difficult to render4 ,,fn#d ,i feel convinced sankhyanan and yoginan must be transposed here in sense4 ,,fn#e ,i am doubtful of accuracy here4 ,,fn#f ,a name of the sun4 ,,fn#g ,without desire of fruit4 ,,fn#h ,that is1joy and sorrow1 success and failure1 heat and cold1c4 ,,fn#i i4e41 the body4 ,,fn#aj ,the ,sanskrit has this play on the double meaning of ,atman4 ,,fn#aa ,so in original4 ,,fn#ab ,beings of low and devilish nature4 ,,fn#ac ,krishna4 ,,fn#ad ,i read here janma1 birth2 not jara1age ,,fn#ae ,i have discarded ten lines of ,sanskrit text here as an undoubted interpolation by some ,vedantist ,,fn#af ,the ,sanskrit poem here rises to an elevation of style and manner which ,i have endeavoured to mark by change of metre4 ,,fn#ag ,ahinsa4 ,,fn#ah ,the nectar of immortality4 ,,fn#ai ,called ,the ,jap4 ,,fn#bj ,the compound form of ,sanskrit words4 ,,fn#ba ,kamalapatraksha ,,fn#bb ,these are all divine or deified orders of the ,hindoo ,pantheon4 ,,fn#bc ,hail to ,thee1 ,god of ,gods6 ,be favourable6 ,,fn#bd ,the wind4 ,,fn#be ,not peering about1anapeksha4 ,,fn#bf ,the ,calcutta edition of the ,mahabharata has these three opening lines4 ,,fn#bg ,this is the nearest possible version of ,kshetrakshetrajnayojnanan yat tajnan matan mama4 ,,fn#bh ,i omit two lines of the ,sanskrit here1 evidently interpolated by some ,vedantist4 ,,fn#bi ,wombs4 ,,fn#cj ,i do not consider the ,sanskrit verses here-which are somewhat freely rendered--an attack on the authority of the ,vedas1 with ,mr ,davies1 but a beautiful lyrical episode1 a new ,parable of the fig-tree4 ,,fn#ca ,i omit a verse here1 evidently interpolated4 ,,fn#cb ,of the ,asuras1 lit4 ,,fn#cc ,i omit the ten concluding shlokas1 with ,mr ,davis4 ,,fn#cd ,rakshasas and ,yakshas are unembodied but capricious beings of great power1 gifts1 and beauty1 same times also of benignity4 ,,fn#ce ,these are spirits of evil wandering ghosts4 ,,fn#cf ,yatayaman1 food which has remained after the watches of the night4 ,in ,india this would probably go bad4 ,,fn#cg ,i omit the concluding shlokas1 as of very doubtful authenticity4