,transcriber's ,note3 ,this text is intended for users whose text readers cannot use the real 7unicode_/utf-#h7 version4 ,a few letters such as oe have been unpacked1 and curly quotes and apostrophes have been replaced with the simpler ,words shown in marks were printed in blackletter 7gothic7 type4 ,spelling1 punctuation and capitalization-- including the variation between ,w and ,,vv-- are as in the original4 ,errors are listed at the end of the text4 ,the chapter on ,ringing almost certainly contains undetected typographical errors4 ,readers interested in solid information may ,illustration3 ,the ,school of ,recreation4 ,printed for ,henry ,rodes near ,bride ,lane in ,fleet ,street4 ,the ,,school of ,,recreation3 ,or1 ,the ,gentlemans ,,tutor1 ,to those ,most ,ingenious ,exercises of ,hunting4 ,fishing4 ,racing4 ,shooting4 ,hawking4 ,bowling4 ,riding4 ,tennis4 ,cock-,fighting4 ,ringing4 ,fowling4 ,billiards4 ,by ,r4 ,h4 ,london1 ,printed for ,h4 ,rodes1 next door to the ,bear-,tavern near ,bride-,lane in ,fleet-,street1 #afhd4 ,,to ,,the ,,reader4 ,man1 the ,abridgement of the ,creation1 or the ,compendium of all ,gods ,works1 having divested himself by ,sin of that ,original ,innocence and ,angelical ,state of ,life wherein his ,creator had placed him1 and thereby ,subjected his collapsed ,nature to the ,malediction of ,god1 ,in the sweat of thy ,face thou shalt eat thy ,bread1 c4 ,it pleased however the ,almighty to continue and confirm that ,original grand ,charter he had at first granted him1 of being ,lord of the ,creatures3 ,hereby intimating1 ,that tho man is now ,born to ,trouble1 ,labour and ,cares1 as the ,sparks fly upward2 yet ,god has not deprived him of any ,comfort or ,felicity1 which the ,earth or ,creatures of it can afford2 but has invested him with a superior ,authority and ,dominion over the ,beast of the ,feild1 the ,fowl of the ,air1 and the ,fish of the ,sea4 ,thus it comes to pass1 that every ,creature payes a ,duty and a ,subjection1 7as it were7 to man1 as to their ,master2 and notwithstanding the ,ferocity and ,salvageness of their ,natures1 become tame and submissive to the ,empire of ,man4 ,they court his ,favour and mutely supplicate his ,friendship and ,confederacy1 for the subduing the ,enemies of their several ,species3 ,they readily obey his ,precepts1 and ravisht with his ,service willingly execute his ,commands4 ,and thus by this prime ,priviledg from ,god1 ,man is allowed the ,liberty of subduing the ,creature1 and recreating his ,mind by ,hunting1 ,fowling1 ,fishing and the like2 and by observing the ,natural ,instincts of every ,species1 the innate ,enmity and ,cunning of every ,creature1 may glorify the ,immense ,wisdom of his ,creator4 ,and as the ,liberty of ,recreation in lawful ,exercises is thus ,naturall1 so is it highly ,necessary and ,useful too4 ,recreation keeps up the strength and ,alacrity of the bodily ,forces1 without which the ,soul cannot work3 ,i mean those brisk and violent ,exercises1 which the ,following sheets specifie4 ,they cause the ,body to transpire plentiful sweats1 and exhale those black and fuliginous ,vapours which too much oppress some men1 and remove the ,obstructions which hinder the ,circulation of ,nature4 ,brisk ,exercises render a man ,active1 ,vigorous1 ,strong1 and ,hardy1 and attenuate and disperse that ,stagnation of humors1 ,benummedness and ,dulness1 which ,idleness contracts3 ,nay1 7as one excellently observes7 divers bodily ,infirmities1 ,diseases and ,undecencies are hereby regulated and amended3 ,riding was used by the great ,drusus for the ,strengthening his weak and small ,thighs and ,legs2 and by his late ,majesty1 especially after ,dinner2 and is also good for the ,head3 ,shooting in a long ,bow for the ,breast and ,arms2 and helps ,squinting3 ,bowling for the ,reins1 ,stone1 ,gravel1 c4 ,nor are the several other ,games commonly practised1 less ,commendable1 were they used with a modest and prudent ,care3 ,i recomend them as useful as the other1 were a right use made of them4 ,i would not have them made a ,trade1 instead of a ,divertisement4 ,but especially those that are managed by ,skill1 and not ,fortune1 may be ,learned1 for these acquaint a man with ,numbring1 and quicken the ,fancy and ,memory1 and recreate the ,mind4 ,and as ,recreation is thus natural and necessary1 so is it ,commendable too1 and recommended by the ,practises of all ,ages2 as well sacred as prophane ,histories plainly testifying the ,truth of it4 ,but ,i shall not trouble you any longer by detaining you at the ,door1 and enumerating the various ,examples1 which may ,authorize a vertuous ,use of ,recreations1 and apologize for this ,work3 ,the severest ,stoick being never so cruel to himself or ,nature1 as not to give his mind some ,relaxation1 and recreate it in some more pleasant ,pathes1 than the miry heavy wayes of his own sullen and wilful ,resolutions4 ,nor do our ,modern ,stoicks1 tho of the strictest ,lives1 deny themselves some ,mental1 if not bodily ,recreations2 altho perhaps ,infirmity1 ,age1 ,station1 ,degree1 may render their ,divertisements the more private1 yet not totally denyed4 ,solomon had his ,ittan for ,recreations1 as ,josephus informes us1 and the ,heathen ,sages their ,olympiques1 wherein were exercised1 ,wrestling1 ,running with ,horses1 ,leaping1 ,coursing with ,chariots1 ,contention of ,poets1 ,rhetoricians1 ,disputations of ,phylosophers1 c4 ,and because ,velle suum cuique1 every ,mans ,nature claimes a special ,prerogative1 in the electing a ,recreation ,suitable to it self1 one thing being very pleasing and delightful to one1 and offensive and troublesome to another1 ,i have therefore like the industrious ,bee gathered ,honey from various ,flowers1 and according to your ,palate taste and ,eat2 ,i have carefully ,delineated and drawn to the ,life the divers ,figures of the several ,recreations1 and leave you to admire that ,peice you fancy best2 intreating you to put them to the best ,use1 not to make them your ,trade instead of ,recreation2 in which sence ,i would have you to accept this3 ,and now you may walk in and view the ,structure4 ,,of ,hunting4 ,hunting1 being a ,recreation that challenges the sublime ,epithets of ,royal1 ,artificial1 ,manly1 and ,warlike1 for its ,stateliness1 ,cunning1 and ,indurance1 claims above all other ,sports the ,precedency2 and therefore ,i was induced to place it at the ,head to usher in the rest2 and of which take this concise ,definition1 viz4 ,that since ,nature has equally imparted unto every ,beast a wonderful ,knowledge of ,offence and ,security1 herein we may observe1 ,the curious ,search and ,conquest of one ,creature over another1 hurried on by an innate natural ,antipathy1 and performed or wrought by a ,distinction of ,smells4 ,and now to come to the ,purpose1 and the ,design of this ,tract1 briefly to inform the young ,hunter1 as yet raw in the true ,knowledge of this ,royal ,sport1 with what is meerly necessary and useful1 without amusing him with superfluous ,observations for his ,instruction3 ,i shall therefore observe throughout this ,treatise this ,method3 #a4 ,the several ,chases or ,games which fall under the first ,denomination1 ,hunting4 #b4 ,the genuine or infallible ,rules whereby we are to direct our selves1 for the obtaining the true ,pleasure in prosecuting the same1 and the desired ,effects of it4 ,know then2 ,there are five ,beasts of ,venery or ,forest1 viz4 ,the ,hart1 ,hinde1 ,hare1 ,boar1 ,wolf4 ,as likewise five ,wild ,beasts1 or ,beasts of ,chace1 viz4 ,the ,buck1 ,doe1 ,fox1 ,martern1 ,roe4 ,the ,beasts of ,warren1 are three1 viz4 ,hares1 ,coneys1 ,roes4 ,note1 ,the ,hart and ,hinde before spoken of1 though they are of one kind1 yet1 because their ,seasons are several1 are esteemed distinct ,beasts2 and in the ,hart is included the ,stag1 and all red ,deer of ,antlier4 ,and because ,i reckon it the most necessary part of the ,hunter to understand the ,names1 ,degrees1 ,ages1 and ,seasons of the aforesaid different ,beasts of ,forest or ,venery1 ,chace1 and ,warren2 ,i shall therefore1 in the next place1 present him with these following ,beasts of ,forrest1 c4 ,the ,hart1 the first ,year is called a ,hinde-,calf1 #b ,a ,knobber1 #c ,a ,brock1 #d ,a ,staggard1 #e ,a ,stagg1 #f ,a ,hart4 ,the ,hinde1 the first ,year a ,calf1 #b ,a ,hearse1 #c ,a ,hinde4 ,the ,hare1 the first ,year a ,leveret1 #b ,a ,hare1 #c ,a ,great ,hare4 ,the ,wild-,boar and ,woolf1 being no ,english ,chace1 ,i omit4 ,beasts of ,chace4 ,the ,buck1 the first ,year is called a ,fawn1 #b ,a ,pricket1 #c ,a ,sorrel1 #d ,a ,sore1 #e ,a ,buck of the first ,head1 #f ,a ,great ,buck4 ,the ,doe1 the first ,year a ,fawn1 #b ,a ,teg1 #c ,a ,doe4 ,the ,fox1 the first ,year a ,cub1 #b ,a ,fox4 ,the ,martern1 the first ,year a ,cub1 #b ,a ,martern4 ,the ,roe1 the first ,year a ,kid1 #b ,a ,gyrl1 #c a ,hemuse1 #d ,a ,roe-,buck of the first ,head1 #e ,a ,fair ,roe-,buck4 ,as for the ,beasts of ,warren1 the ,hare being spoken of before1 little or nothing is to be said4 ,the ,coney is first a ,rabbet1 and then an ,old ,coney4 ,thus much for their ,names1 ,degrees1 and ,ages3 ,now let us next observe their proper ,seasons for ,hunting4 ,the ,hart or ,buck1 beginneth fifteen ,days after ,mid-,summer-,day1 and lasteth till ,holy-,rood-,day4 ,the ,fox1 from ,christmass1 and lasteth till the ,annunciation of the blessed ,virgin ,mary4 ,the ,hinde1 or ,doe1 from ,holy-,rood-,day1 till ,candlemas4 ,the ,roe-,buck1 from ,easter1 till ,michaelmas4 ,the ,roe1 from ,michaelmas1 till ,candlemas4 ,the ,hare1 from ,michaelmas1 to the end of ,february4 ,thus much ,i thought fit to speak briefly of the proper ,names1 ,degrees1 ,ages1 ,seasons of the several ,chaces which we ,hunt3 ,but having almost forgot some1 ,i shall insert here1 as intending to speak somewhat of them1 and they are the ,badger1 ,otter1 and ,wild-,goat2 the last being a ,welch-,game3 ,many more there are which ,i might here enumerate1 but being ,forreign ,chaces1 ,i omit1 as directing my ,discourse to the ,english-,man4 ,as for the ,terms of ,art appropriated to ,hunting1 as the ,huntsmans ,dialect1 they are so many and various1 that should ,i go about to note them here1 it would swell my ,treatise to too big a ,volume2 and therefore ,i refer you to the ,dictionaries which speak of them4 ,and now ,i bring you to the second thing ,i proposed1 viz4 ,the ,rules ,and ,measures we are to learn and observe in the aforementioned ,sports or ,chaces2 and in this we must begin with the ,pursuers or ,conquerors of these ,chaces1 namely2 ,of ,hounds4 ,there are several kinds of ,hounds1 endued with ,qualities suitable to the ,country where they are bred2 and therefore consult his ,country1 and you will soon understand his ,nature ,use3 ,as for instance1 ,the ,western ,counties of ,england1 and ,wood-land1 ,mountainous ,countries1 as also ,cheshire1 and ,lancashire1 breed the slow-,hound2 a large great ,dog1 tall and heavy4 ,worcestershire1 ,bedfordshire1 and many other well mixt ,soyls1 where the ,champaign and ,covert are equally large1 produce the ,middle-sized ,dog2 of a more nimble ,composure than the fore-mentioned1 and fitter for ,chace4 ,yorkshire1 ,cumberland1 ,northumberland1 and the ,north parts1 breed the ,light1 ,nimble1 swift slender ,dog4 ,and our open ,champaigns train up excellent ,grey-,hounds1 hugely admired for his ,swiftness1 ,strength1 and ,sagacity4 ,and lastly1 the little ,beagle bred in all ,countries1 is of exceeding ,cunning1 and curious ,scent in ,hunting4 ,all these ,dogs are highly set by in all remote ,parts1 whose ,princes and ,lords tenderly cherish them as ,excellencies1 and ambitiously sue for as ,rarities4 ,for the ,choice of ,hounds we are to rely much on their ,colours1 and accordingly make our ,election4 ,the ,best and most ,beautiful of all for a general ,kennel1 is1 ,the ,white ,hound1 with black ,ears1 and a black spot at the setting on of the ,tail1 and is ever found to be both of good ,scent1 and good ,condition1 and will ,hunt any ,chace1 but especially the ,hare1 ,stag1 ,buck1 ,roe1 or ,otter1 not sticking at ,woods or ,waters4 ,the next is1 the ,black1 the black-tann'd1 or all ,liver-hew'd1 or the milk ,white ,hound1 which is the true ,talbot1 is best for the ,string1 or ,line1 as delighting in ,blood2 the ,largest is the comliest and best4 ,the ,grizled1 usually shag-hair'd1 are the best ,verminers1 and so fittest for the ,fox1 ,badger1 or other hot ,scents2 a couple of which let not your ,kennel be without1 as being exceeding good cunning ,finders4 ,for the ,shape of your ,hound1 you must consult the ,climate of his ,breed1 and the natural ,composition of his ,body2 but by these following ,characters you may know a good ,hound4 ,if you like a large1 heavy1 true ,talbot-like ,hound1 ,see ,his ,head be round and thick4 ,nose short and uprising4 ,nostrils wide and large4 ,eares large and down-hanging4 ,upper-,lip-,flews lower than his ,nether ,chaps4 ,back strong and rising4 ,fillets thick and great4 ,thighs and ,huckle-bones round4 ,hams streight4 ,tail long and rush-grown4 ,the ,hair of his ,belly hard and stiff4 ,legs big and lean4 ,foot like a ,fox's1 well clawd and round4 ,sole dry and hard4 ,all these shew an able ,hound4 ,if you would choose a swift light ,hound1 the ,yorkshire one in the generality will please you2 for that 7as these have7 he ought to have a slenderer ,head1 longer ,nose1 shallower ,ears and ,flews1 broad ,back1 gaunt ,belly1 small ,tayl1 long ,joints1 round ,foot2 and in fine of a ,gray-,hound-like ,make4 ,thus much to direct the ,choice of ,hounds2 now something ought to be spoken of the ,composition of ,kennels1 wherein ,i must appeal to the ,affection of the ,gentleman1 the ,lover of this ,sport1 and let him tell me the ,reasons that induced him to take pleasure in ,hounds1 ,whether it be he fancies ,cunning in ,hunting8 ,or ,sweetness1 ,loudness1 or ,deepness of ,cry8 ,or for the ,training his ,horses8 ,or for the ,exercise of his ,body only8 ,if for ,cunning ,hunting2 breed your ,dogs from the slowest and largest of the forementioned ,northern ,hounds1 and the swiftest and slenderest of the ,west ,country1 of both ,kinds1 approved to be not given to lie off1 or look for ,advantages1 but staunch1 fair1 even-running1 and of perfect fine ,scent4 ,these will make a ,horse gallop fast1 and not run2 being middle-siz'd2 not too swift as to out-run1 or too slow as to lose the ,scent2 are the best for the true ,art and ,use of ,hunting4 ,if for ,sweetness of ,cry2 compound your ,kennel of some large ,dogs1 of deep solemn ,mouths1 and swift in spending1 as the ,base in the ,consort2 ,then twice so many roaring1 loud ringing ,mouths1 as the ,counter-,tenor3 ,and lastly1 some hollow plain sweet ,mouths1 as the ,mean3 ,so shall your ,cry be perfect4 ,observe that this ,composition be of the swiftest and largest deep ,mouth'd ,dog1 the slowest and middle-siz'd1 and the shortest ,legged slender ,dog4 ,for these run even together2 and warble forth their musical ,notes most sweetly4 ,if for ,loudness of ,mouth1 choose the ,loud clanging 7redoubling as it were7 ,mouth1 and to this put the roaring1 spending1 and ,whining ,mouth1 which will be loud1 smart1 and pleasant3 ,such are for the most part your ,shropshire1 and ,worcestershire ,dogs4 ,if 7,lastly7 for ,deepness of ,cry1 the largest ,dogs having the greatest ,mouths1 and deepest ,flews1 are the best2 such are your ,west-,country1 ,cheshire1 and ,lancashire ,dogs4 ,but if you have your ,kennel for ,training ,horses only2 then compound your ,kennel of the lightest1 nimblest1 and swiftest ,dogs1 such as your ,northern ,hounds are4 ,for the strong and violent ,exercises of their ,horses1 through the natural ,velocity of their ,hounds1 in the ,north parts1 have render'd them famous for ,truth and ,swiftness above all other parts of ,england2 though they have not attained this through a better ,breeding of their ,horses than others1 but by daily acquainting them with the ,violence of such ,exercises1 which made it both familiar and natural to them4 ,and ,he that doth not train up his ,horse so1 puts a ,cheat upon himself4 ,lastly1 ,if for the ,maintenance of your ,health1 by preventing ,infirmities and ,grossness of ,humours1 you compose your ,kennel2 consult first your own ,ability for this ,exercise2 and if you think you are able to foot it away1 then the ,biggest and slowest ,dogs you can get are best2 which you may bring so to your ,command1 as to make them ,hunt with no more speed than you please to lead them4 ,and herein you are surrounded with a double ,delight2 to hear their ,musick1 and observe their ambitious and eager ,striving to out-go one another1 in the ,pursuit of their ,game1 and yet restrained by a submissive ,compliance to their ,masters ,pleasure1 beyond which they dare not presume to pass4 ,but if you would pad it away through an ,unability of footing it1 ,then choose the slowest or middle-sized ,hounds1 of good ,mouths and ,noses1 for loud ,cry1 and ready ,scent4 ,thus far for the ,composing a ,kennel3 ,i come now to the ,kennel it self1 of which ,i need say little1 as indeed unnecessary1 leaving that to the ,discretion of the ,huntsman2 ,only ,i would have him observe1 that it be built some pretty way distant from the ,dwelling-,house1 in a warm dry place1 free from ,vermine1 and near some ,pond or ,river of fresh ,water2 and so placed1 that the ,morning ,sun may shine upon it4 ,be sure to keep it clean1 and let them not want fresh ,straw every day4 ,feed them early in the ,morning at ,sun-rising1 and at ,sun-set in the ,evening4 ,as for their ,meat1 ,i leave to the ingenious ,huntsman to get2 ,only this ,i must tell him1 ,three ,bushels of ,oates or ,barley-,meal1 with the half so much ,bran or ,mill-dust1 besides the ,horse-,flesh1 ,scraps1 ,bones1 ,crusts1 c4 which the painful ,huntsman can procure1 is a fit weekly ,proportion to keep nine or ten ,couple of ,hounds4 ,when they come from ,hunting1 after you have fed them well1 let them to their ,kennel1 and wash their ,feet with ,beer and ,butter1 or some such thing1 and pick and search their ,cleys1 for ,thorns1 ,stubs1 or the like3 ,if it is in ,winter1 let a fire be made1 and let them beak and stretch themselves for an hour or so at the fire1 and suffer them to lick1 pick1 and trim themselves2 hereby to prevent the ,diseases incident to them1 upon sudden ,cooling1 as the ,mange1 ,itch1 ,feavors1 c4 of which ,i come now to speak4 ,but before ,i treat of the keeping your ,hounds in ,health by curing their diseases1 ,i must speak a ,word or two of the way to ,breed good ,whelps1 viz4 ,having a ,hound and a ,bratch of that general ,goodness in ,size1 ,voice1 ,speed1 ,scent1 and ,proportion you like1 put them together to ingender in ,january1 ,february1 or ,march1 as the properest ,months for ,hounds1 ,bitches1 and ,bratches to be ,limed in2 because of not losing time to enter them4 ,when you put them together1 observe1 as near as you can1 if the ,moon be in ,aquarius or ,gemini2 because the ,whelps will then never run ,mad1 and the ,litter1 will be double as many ,dog1 as ,bitch1 ,whelps4 ,when your ,bitch is near her ,whelping1 separate her from the other ,hounds1 and make her a ,kennel particularly by her self2 and see her ,kennell'd every ,night1 that she might be acquainted and delighted with it1 and so not seek out unwholsom ,places2 for if you remove the ,whelps after they are ,whelp'd1 the ,bitch will carry them up and down till she come to their first ,place of ,littering2 and that's very dangerous4 ,suffer not your ,whelps to ,suck above two ,months1 and then ,weane them4 ,when your ,whelps are brought up1 enter them not into ,hunting till they are at least a ,year and half old3 ,that is1 if whelpt in ,march1 enter them ,september come ,twelve-,month2 if in ,april1 in ,october come ,twelve-months after1 c4 ,when you would enter them1 bring them abroad1 with the most ,staunch and best ,hunting ,hounds2 7all babling and flying ,curs being left at home37 and a ,hare being the best entering ,chase1 get your ,hare ready before1 and putting her from her ,form1 view which way she takes1 and then lay on your ,hounds1 giving them all the ,advantages may be2 if she is caught1 do not suffer them to break her1 but immediately taking her1 strip off her ,skin1 and cutting her to peices1 give every part to your young ,whelps2 and that will beget in them a ,delight in ,hunting1 and animate them with ,courage4 ,and now let us return to speak of ,diseases incident to ,dogs1 and their ,cures4 ,because ,i should think it a very odd ,humor for a ,person to select these ,creatures 7,hounds7 as instruments for the procurement of his ,health ,satisfaction1 and ,delight1 and should be so inhumane as to suffer them to perish in their ,diseases1 because they cannot communicate their ,ailings1 and beseech ,redress2 therefore ,i have briefly summed up the immediate ,cures for their several ,diseases1 and by preventing his ,excuse of ,ignorance1 desire his ,application1 as need require4 ,for ,sick ,dogs4 ,take ,sheeps-heads1 ,wooll and all1 hack1 hew1 and bruise them into pieces1 make ,pottage of it1 with ,oatmeal1 and ,penny-,royal1 and give it warm4 ,lice and ,fleas4 ,boyl four or five handfuls of ,rue or ,herb of ,grace1 in a gallon of running ,water1 till a pottle be consumed1 strain it1 and put two ,ounces of ,staves-acre poudered1 and bathe them with it warm4 ,itch4 ,take ,oyl of ,flower-de-,lys1 powder of ,brimstone1 dry'd ,elicampane ,roots1 of each a like quantity1 and ,bay-,salt powdered2 mix these ,powders with the ,oyl1 and warm it1 anoint1 scratch1 and make it bleed1 will do well4 ,tetter4 ,take ,black ,ink1 ,juice of ,mint ,vinegar1 of each a like1 mix them altogether with the ,powder of ,brimstone to a ,salve1 and ,anoint it4 ,worms4 ,give your ,hound ,brimstone and new ,milk1 will kill them4 ,gauling4 ,may ,butter1 yellow ,wax1 and unslackt ,lime1 made to a ,salve1 and ,anoint therewith1 is a present ,remedy4 ,mange4 ,take two handfuls of ,wild-,cresses1 of ,elecampane1 of the ,leaves and ,roots of ,roerb and ,sorrel1 the like quantity1 and two pound of the ,roots of ,frodels1 ,boyl them all well in ,lye and ,vinegar1 strain it1 and put therein two pound of ,grey soap1 and after 'tis melted1 rub your ,hound with it four or five dayes together2 and 'tis an excellent ,remedy4 ,for any ,ear ,disease4 ,mix ,verjuice and ,chervile ,water together1 and drop into his ,eares a spoonful or two1 morning and ,evening4 ,sore ,eyes4 ,chew a ,leaf or two of ,ground ,ivy1 and spit the ,juice into his ,eyes4 ,surbaiting4 ,wash his ,feet with ,beer and ,butter1 and bind young red ,nettles beaten to a ,salve to his ,soles4 ,biting by ,snake1 ,adder1 c4 ,beat the herb ,calaminth with ,turpentine1 and yellow ,wax to a ,salve1 and apply it4 ,to expel the inward ,poyson1 give the said ,herb in ,milk4 ,biting by a ,mad ,dog4 ,wash the place with ,sea-,water1 or strong ,brine1 will ,cure him4 ,the quantity of a ,hazel-,nut of ,mithridate1 dissolved in sweet ,wine1 will prevent inward ,infection4 ,madness4 ,lastly1 ,if your ,hound be ,mad1 which you will soon find by his separating himself from the rest1 throwing his ,head into the ,wind1 foaming and slavering at ,mouth1 snatching at every thing he meets1 red fiery ,eyes1 stinking filthy ,breath2 then to ,knock him in the ,head1 is a present ,remedy1 and you'l prevent infinite ,dangers4 ,and now ,i proceed to give some brief ,instructions for ,hunting the several ,chases used in ,england1 for which we have chosen our ,hounds2 ,i mean the ,time when8 and the ,manner how8 ,having your ,kennel of ,hounds in good order and plight1 and being desirous to enjoy those ,pleasures1 for which we have observed the aforesaid ,rules2 ,lead them forth1 and to your ,game 7,gentlemen37 ,only take this ,caution along with you2 ,do not forget to have in your ,pack a couple of ,hounds1 called ,hunters in the ,highwayes1 that will ,scent upon hard ,ground1 where we cannot perceive ,pricks or ,impressions2 and for your ,huntsman's and your own ,ease1 let a couple of ,old stench ,hounds accompany you1 by whose sure ,scent1 the too great ,swiftness of the young and unexperienced ,ones may be restrained and regulated2 and if you please1 take the following ,observations with you1 and away4 ,of ,hart or ,stag-,hunting4 ,waving the ,praises of this ,creature1 and the large ,encomiums due to his several ,excellencies1 we'll come to the ,doctrinal ,part1 and understand the ,age of this our ,game1 which is known by several ,marks1 amongst which this is the most authentick3 ,that if you take his view in the ground1 and perceive he has a large ,foot1 a thick ,heel1 a deep ,print1 open ,cleft and long space1 then be assured he is ,old2 as the ,contrary concludes him ,young4 ,but ,where and ,when shall we find him8 ,examine the following ,annual or monethly ,season-,description1 and you shall find him2 begining at the end of ,rutting-time1 that is1 ,in ,november1 in ,heaths among ,furs1 ,shrubs and ,whines4 ,december1 in ,forrests among thick and strong ,woods4 ,january1 in ,corners of the ,forrests1 ,corn-fields1 ,wheat1 ,rye1 c4 ,february and ,march1 ,amongst young and thick ,bushes4 ,april and ,may1 in ,coppices and ,springs4 ,june and ,july1 in ,out-,woods and ,purlieus nearest the ,corn ,fields4 ,september and ,october1 ,after the first showers of ,rain1 they leave their ,thickets1 and go to ,rut1 during which time there is no certain place to find them in4 ,when you have found him in any of these places1 be careful to go up the ,wind2 and the best time to find him is before ,sun-rising1 when he goes to feed2 then watch him to his ,leir1 and having lodged him1 go and prepare2 if he is not forced1 he will not budge till ,evening4 ,approaching his ,lodging1 cast off your ,finders1 who having ,hunted him a ,ring or two1 cast in the rest2 and being in full ,cry and maine ,chace1 ,comfort and ,cheer them with ,horne and ,voice4 ,be sure to take notice of him by some ,mark1 and if your ,dogs make ,default1 rate them off and bring them to the ,default back1 and make them cast about till they have undertaken the first ,deer2 ,then cheer them to the utmost1 and so continue till they have either set up or slain him4 ,it is the ,nature of a ,stag1 to seek for one of his kind1 when he is ,imbost or weary1 and beating him up1 ly down in his place2 therefore have a watchful eye unto ,change4 ,as likewise by taking ,soil 7i4 e4 ,water7 he will swim a ,river just in the middle down the ,stream1 covering himself all over1 but his ,nose1 keeping the middle1 least by touching any ,boughes he leave a ,scent for the ,hounds2 ,and by his ,crossings and ,doublings he will endeavour to baffle his ,pursuers3 ,in these ,cases have regard to your ,old ,hounds1 as ,i said before4 ,when he is ,imbost or weary1 may be known thus3 ,by his ,creeping into holes1 and often lying down1 or by his running stiff1 high and lumpering1 slavering and foaming at ,mouth1 shining and blackness of his ,hair1 and much ,sweat2 ,and thus much for ,stag or ,hart ,hunting4 ,as for the ,buck ,i shall not speak any thing1 for he that can ,hunt a ,stag well1 cannot fail ,hunting a ,buck well4 ,as likewise for the ,roe-,hunting1 ,i refer you to what is spoken of the ,hart or ,stag4 ,of ,hare ,hunting4 ,as for the ,time1 the most proper to begin this ,game1 note2 ,that about the middle of ,september is best and to end towards the latter end of ,february1 when surcease1 and destroy not the young early ,brood of ,leverets2 and this season is most agreeable likewise to the nature of ,hounds2 moist and cool4 ,now for the ,place where to find her1 you must examine and observe the ,seasons of the ,year2 for in ,summer or ,spring time1 you shall find them in ,corn-fields and open places1 not sitting in ,bushes1 for fear of ,snakes1 ,adders1 c4 ,in ,winter they love ,tuffs of ,thorns and ,brambles1 near ,houses3 ,in these places you must regard the ,oldness or ,newness of her ,forme or ,seat1 to prevent ,labour in ,vain3 ,if it be plain and smooth within1 and the ,pad before it flat and worn1 and the ,prickles so new and perceptible1 that the ,earth seems black1 and fresh broken1 then assure your self the ,forme is new1 and from thence you may ,hunt and recover the ,hare2 if the contrary 7which narrowly observe7 it is ,old1 and if your ,hounds call upon it1 rate them off2 the ,scent is ,old4 ,when the ,hare is started and on ,foot1 step in where you saw her pass1 and hollow in your ,hounds till they have undertaken it1 then go on with full ,cry4 ,above all be sure to observe her first ,doubling1 which must be your direction for all that day2 for all her other after ,doublings will be like that4 ,when she is thus reduced to the slights and shifts she makes by ,doublings and ,windings1 give your ,dogs ,time and ,place enough to cast about your ,rings1 for unwinding the same2 and observe her leaps and skips before she squat1 and beat curiously all likely places of ,harbour3 ,she is soon your ,prey now4 ,of ,coney-,catching4 ,their ,seasons are alwayes1 and the way of taking them thus3 ,set ,pursenets on their ,holes1 and put in a ,ferret close muzzled1 and she will bolt them out 7being a natural ,enemy to them7 into the ,nets3 ,or blow on the suddain the ,drone of a ,bag-,pipe into the ,burrows1 and they will boult out3 ,or for want of either of these two1 take powder of ,orpine and ,brimstone and boult them out with the ,smother3 ,but pray use this last seldom1 unless you would destroy your ,warren4 ,but for this sport ,hays are to be preferred above all4 ,of ,fox ,hunting4 ,january1 ,february1 and ,march1 are the best ,seasons for ,hunting the ,fox above ground1 the scent being then strong1 and the coldest ,weather for the ,hounds1 and best finding his ,earthing4 ,cast off your sure ,finders first1 and as the ,drag mends1 more2 but not too many at once1 because of the ,variety of ,chaces in ,woods and ,coverts4 ,the night before the day of ,hunting1 when the ,fox goes to prey at midnight1 find his ,earths1 and stop them with ,black ,thorns and ,earth4 ,to find him draw your ,hounds about ,groves1 ,thickets1 and ,bushes near ,villages2 ,pigs and ,poultrey inviting him to such ,places to ,lurk in4 ,they make their ,earths in hard ,clay1 stony ground1 and amongst ,roots of ,trees2 and have but one ,hole straight and long4 ,he is usually taken1 with ,hounds1 ,grey-,hounds1 ,terriers1 ,nets and ,gins4 ,of ,badger-,hunting4 ,this ,creature has several ,names1 as ,gray1 ,brock1 ,boreson1 or ,bauson2 and is hunted thus4 ,first go seek the ,earths and ,burrows where he lieth1 and in a clear ,moon-shine ,night1 stop all the ,holes but one or two1 and in these fasten ,sacks with drawing strings2 and being thus set1 cast off your ,hounds and beat all the ,groves1 ,hedges1 and ,tuffs within a mile or two about1 and being alarum'd by the ,doggs they will repair to their ,burrows and ,kennells1 and running into the ,bags are taken4 ,other ,methods there are which are used1 but the ,common usage makes me omit4 ,of the ,martern or wild-,cat4 ,these two ,chaces are usually hunted in ,england1 and are as great ,infesters of ,warrens1 as the two last mentioned ,vermine1 but are not purposely to be sought after2 unless the ,huntsman see their place of ,prey1 and can go to it2 and if the ,hound chance to cross them1 sport may be had4 ,but no ,rule can be prescribed how to find or hunt them4 ,of the ,otter4 ,this ,creature useth to lye near ,rivers in his ,lodging1 which he cunningly artificially builds with ,boughs1 ,twiggs and ,sticks4 ,a great ,devourer of ,fish1 and eatable in some ,countries1 where they have good stomacks4 ,it is a very sagacious and exquisitely smelling ,creature1 and much ,cunning and ,craft is required to hunt him4 ,but to take him1 observe this in short3 ,being provided with ,otter-,spears to watch his ,vents1 and good ,otter-,hounds1 beat both sides of the ,rivers banks1 and you'll soon find if there is any4 ,if you find him1 and perceive where he swims under ,water1 get to stand before him when he ,vents1 7i4 e4 takes breath7 and endeavour to strike him with the spear3 ,if you miss him1 follow him with your ,hound1 and if they are good for ,otter1 they will certainly beat every ,tree-root1 ,bulrush-,bed1 or ,osier-,bed1 so that he cannot escape you4 ,of the ,wild ,goat4 ,this being a ,welsh-,chace1 ,i thought it not amiss to say something of it1 as not altogether ,forreign4 ,the ,wild-,goat is as bigg and as fleshy as a ,hart1 but not so long-legg'd4 ,the best time for hunting them is1 at ,all-hollontide2 and having observed the ,advantages of the ,coasts1 ,rocks1 and places where the ,goats lie1 set ,nets and ,toiles towards the ,rivers and ,bottoms2 for 'tis not to be imagined1 the ,doggs can follow them down every place of the ,mountaines4 ,stand some on the tops of the ,rocks1 and as ,occasion offers throw down ,stones2 and place your ,relays at the small ,brooks or ,waters1 where the ,goat comes down2 but let them not tarry till the ,hounds come in1 that were cast off4 ,thus much for ,hunting4 ,of ,racing4 ,as all ,beasts are ,subservient to ,man1 and he a ,liberty and ,power to ,use them1 and make them his ,instruments1 for the ,procurement of his ,profit1 or ,pleasure2 so is there not a ,creature more ,serviceable to man in either of these1 as the ,horse4 ,a ,beast ,valiant1 ,strong1 ,nimble and ,hardy1 the ,vivacity of whose ,spirits1 neither ,heat can scorch1 or dry up1 nor ,cold benumb or freez2 he is ,valiant1 ,watchfull1 and ,laborious1 naturally ,cleanly1 and of exquisite ,scent2 ,gentle and ,loving to man1 docile1 and of a retentive ,memory1 and ,apt or ,fit for the performing any ,service wherein man employes him4 ,and for the ,use of which ,i am now speaking 7,racing7 he ought to be endued with these ,qualifications4 ,that he have the ,finest ,cleanest ,shape possible1 and above all1 ,nimble1 ,quick1 and ,fiery1 apt to ,fly with the least ,motion2 nor is a long ,bodied contemptible1 it assuring ,speed1 tho it signifies ,weakness too4 ,the ,arabian1 ,barbary1 or his ,bastard1 are esteemed the best for this ,use1 these excelling ,jennets1 though they are good too4 ,having furnished your self with a ,horse thus qualified1 you are to observe his right and due ,ordering1 before your designed ,racing4 ,bartholomew-tide is the most proper time to take him from ,grass2 the day before being ,dry1 ,fair1 and ,pleasant3 ,that ,night let him stand conveniently1 to empty his ,body2 the next day ,stable him1 and feed him with ,wheat-straw that day1 and no longer2 lest you exceeding that time1 it straighten his ,guts1 heat his ,liver1 and hurt his ,blood2 for want of ,straw1 ,riding him ,morning and ,evening to ,water1 ,airing1 or other moderate ,exercises will serve4 ,then feed him with good old sweet ,hay1 and according to the ,season1 and ,temperature of his ,body clothe him2 for a ,smooth ,coat shews ,cloth enough1 and a ,rough ,coat want of it4 ,observe likewise where you ,water your ,race-,horse1 that it be a ,running ,water1 or ,clear ,spring1 far distant 7a ,mile or more7 from the ,stable1 adjoyning to some ,levell2 where after he has once well drunk1 ,gallop him1 and so ,water and ,scope him1 till that he refuse to drink more1 for that time2 then ,walk him gently ,home1 7being an ,hour on your way1 or more7 clothe1 and stop him round with soft ,whisps1 and let him stand an ,hour upon his ,bridle1 and after feed him with sweet sound ,oats1 throughly dryed either with ,age1 ,kilne1 or ,sun2 if he be low of ,flesh1 or bad ,stomacht1 add a third part of ,clean ,old ,beans1 to two parts of ,oats1 or wash his ,oats in ,strong ,beer or ,ale4 ,for ,dressing take these ,rules4 ,dress your ,horse twice a day1 before you ,water him1 both ,morning1 and ,evening1 thus3 ,curry him after he is uncloath'd1 from his ,ear-tips to his ,tayle1 and his whole ,body intirely 7save his ,legs under the ,knees1 and ,cambrels7 with an ,iron ,comb2 then ,dust him1 and ,rub him with a ,brush of ,bristles over again4 ,dust him again1 and wetting your hand in clean ,water1 rub off all the loose ,hairs1 and so rub him dry as at first2 then with a fine ,hair ,cloth rub him all over2 and ,lastly1 with a fine ,linnen ,cloth2 and then pick his ,eyes1 ,nostrils1 ,sheath1 ,cods1 ,tuel1 and ,feet1 clean4 ,the best ,food for your ,racer1 is good1 sweet1 well dryed1 sunned1 and beaten ,oats3 ,or else ,bread made of one part ,beans1 and two parts ,wheat 7i4 e47 two ,bushells of ,wheat1 to one of ,beans1 ground together3 ,boult through a fine ,range half a ,bushell of fine ,meal1 and bake that in two or three ,loaves by it self1 and with ,water1 and good store of ,barme1 knead up1 and bake the rest in great ,loaves1 having sifted it through a ,meal-sieve3 ,but to your ,finer1 you would do well to put the ,whites of ,twenty or ,thirty ,eggs1 and with the ,barme a little ,ale1 'tis no matter how little ,water3 ,with the ,courser feed him on his ,resting dayes1 on his ,labouring dayes with the ,finer4 ,the best ,time for feeding your ,runner on his ,resting-dayes is2 ,after his ,watering in the ,morning1 at ,one a ,clock at ,noon1 after his ,v,vatering in the ,evening1 and at ,nine or ,ten a ,clock at ,nights3 ,on his ,dayes of ,labour1 ,two ,hours after he is throughly ,cold1 outwardly and inwardly1 as before4 ,as for the ,proportion of ,meat1 ,i shall not confine your ,love to a ,quantity1 only give him a little at once1 as long as his ,appetite is ,good3 ,when he begins to fumble and play with his ,meat1 hold your ,hand1 shut up your ,sack4 ,as for his ,exercise it ought to be ,thrice a ,week1 as his bodily ,condition requires2 if he be foul1 moderate ,exercise will break his ,grease2 if clean1 then as you judge best1 taking heed of breaking his ,mettle1 or discouraging him1 or laming his ,limbs4 ,before you air him to add to his ,wind1 it is requisite to give him a raw ,egg broken in his mouth3 ,if your ,horse be very ,fat1 air him before ,sun-rising and after ,sun-set2 if ,lean1 deprive him not of the least strength and ,comfort of the ,sun you can devise4 ,to make him ,sweat sometimes by coursing him in his ,cloathes is necessary1 if moderate2 but without his ,cloaths1 let it be sharp and swift4 ,see that he be empty before you ,course him2 and it is wholesome to wash his ,tongue and ,nostrills with ,vinegar1 or piss in his ,mouth1 before you back him4 ,and after his ,exercise1 cool him before you come home1 house1 litter and rub him well and dry2 then cloath him1 and give him after every ,course a ,scouring thus prepared4 ,for scouring a ,race ,horse4 ,take #bj ,raisins of the ,sun stoned1 #aj4 ,figgs slit in the midst1 boyle them till they be thick in a ,pottle of ,fair ,water1 mix it with ,powder of ,annis-,seeds1 ,lycoras1 and ,sugar-candy1 till it come to a stiff ,paste1 make them into round ,balls1 roul them in ,butter1 and give him three or four of them the next morning after his ,course1 and ride him an hour after1 and then set him up ,warm4 ,or this may be preferred1 being both a ,purge and a ,restorative1 a ,cleanser and a ,comforter1 thus prepared4 ,take three ,ounces of ,annis-,seeds1 six ,drams of ,cummin-,seeds1 one ,dram and half of ,carthamus1 one ,ounce and two ,drams of ,fennugreek-,seed1 one ,ounce and half of ,brimstone2 ,beat all these to a fine ,powder1 and searse them2 then take a ,pint and two ,ounces of ,sallet ,oyl1 a pint and half of ,honey1 and a ,pottle of ,white-wine2 then with a sufficient ,quantity of fine white ,meal1 knead and work all well into a stiff ,paste2 keep it in a clean ,cloath1 for use4 ,when occasion requires1 dissolve a ,ball of it in a ,pail of ,water1 and after ,exercise give it him to drink in the ,dark1 that he may not see the ,colour1 and refuse it3 ,if he does refuse1 let ,fasting force him to be of another mind4 ,to conclude1 those ,instructions1 which are enumerated by ,mr4 ,markham1 ,i will give you in short before you run1 and then away as fast as you can4 ,course not your ,horse hard four or five dayes before your ,match1 lest you make his ,limbs sore1 and abate his ,speed4 ,muzzle him not 7except a foul ,feeder7 above two or three ,nights before the ,race1 and the ,night before his bloody ,courses4 ,give him sharp1 as well as gentle1 ,courses on the ,race he is to run4 ,shoe him a day before you run him4 ,let him be empty on the ,match ,day4 ,saddle him in the ,stable1 and fix to him the ,girths and ,pannel with ,shoo-makers ,wax4 ,lead him with all ,gentleness to his ,course1 and let him smell other ,horses ,dung to provoke him to stale1 c4 ,and ,lastly1 ,being come to the starting place rub him well1 uncloath him1 then take his ,back1 and the ,word given1 with all ,gentleness and ,quietness possible1 start and away2 ,and ,god speed you well4 ,of ,hawking1 ,i shall not insist on any large ,encomiums of this ,recreation1 only that it is a most ,princely and serious ,pleasure2 nor shall ,i amuse you with subtle and nice ,distinctions1 and things no way material2 ,but will inform you with what is meerly necessary for the right ,understanding and ,use of this ,noble ,art4 ,i shall begin then with ,hawks1 their ,names and ,flights4 ,of ,hawks there are two sorts4 ,the ,long-,winged ,hawks4 ,faulcon and ,tiercle-gentle4 ,gerfaulcon and ,jerkin4 ,saker and ,sakaret4 ,lanner and ,lanneret4 ,barbary ,faulcon4 ,merlin and ,jack4 ,hobby and ,jack4 ,the ,short-,winged ,hawks4 ,eagle and ,iron4 ,goshawk and ,tiercel4 ,sparrow-,hawk and ,musket4 ,there are others too of inferiour sort as1 ,ring-,tail4 ,raven and ,buzzard4 ,forked ,kite4 ,hen-driver1 c4 ,and as the ,age of these ,hawks is1 so we name them1 as ,the ,first ,year a ,soarage4 ,the ,second ,year an ,intermewer4 ,the ,third ,year a ,white ,hawk4 ,the ,fourth ,year a ,hawk of the ,first ,coat4 ,thus much for their ,names1 now we come to speak of the ,flights of these ,hawks2 which are these ,the ,faulcon-,gentle1 for ,partridge or ,mallard4 ,gerfaulcon1 will fly at the ,herne4 ,saker1 at the ,crane or ,bittern4 ,lanner1 at the ,partridge1 ,pheasant or ,choofe4 ,barbary-,faulcon1 at the ,partridge only4 ,merlin and ,hobby1 at the ,lark1 or any small ,bird4 ,goshawk and ,tiercel1 at the ,partridge1 or ,hare4 ,sparrow-,hawk1 at the ,partridge or ,black-,bird4 ,and the ,musket1 at the ,bush4 ,thus much for their several proper ,flights1 we are now come to their ,manning1 the ,method of which being generally one and the same 7though it has been the ,labour of some to spend much ,time1 and many ,words in treating of the various wayes of ,manning ,hawks1 and yet comes all to one effect7 ,i shall in short 7according to the ,design of this ,epitome7 lay down this ,rule3 ,that you watch1 and keep them from ,sleep1 continually carrying them upon your ,fist1 familiarly stroak them with a ,wing of some ,dead ,fowle1 or the like1 and play with them2 ,accustome to gaze1 and look in their ,face with a ,loving1 ,smiling1 ,gentle ,countenance2 and that will make her acquainted1 and familiar with ,man4 ,having made them familiar1 the next thing is to ,bring them to the ,lure1 7which the ,faulconer makes of ,feathers1 and ,leather much like a ,fowle1 which he casts into the ,air1 and calls the ,hawk to7 which is after this manner4 ,set your ,hawk on the ,perch1 unhood her1 and shew her some ,meat within your ,fist1 call her by ,chirping1 ,whistling or the like1 till she comes1 then ,feed her with it2 if she comes not1 let her ,fast1 and be sharp set3 ,short-winged ,hawks1 are properly said to be ,called1 not ,lured4 ,make her bold1 and acquainted with ,men1 ,dogs1 and ,horses1 and let her be eager and sharp-set1 before you shew her the ,lure2 knowing her ,luring ,hours2 and let both sides of the ,lure be garnished with warm1 and bloody ,meat2 let her likewise know your ,voice well2 so that being well acquainted with ,voice1 and ,lure1 the ,hearing of the one1 or ,sight of the other1 makes her ,obedient2 which you must reward by ,feeding1 or punish by ,fasting4 ,but before ,luring 7or any ,flight7 it is requisite to ,bathe your ,hawk in some quiet and still shallow ,brook1 or for want of that in a ,large ,bason1 shallow ,tub1 or the like1 lest being at ,liberty1 you lose your ,hawk1 7whose ,nature requires such ,bathing7 and make her rangle4 ,now to make her know her ,lure1 is thus3 ,give your ,hawk to another1 and having loosned in readiness her ,hood-strings1 and fastened a ,pullet to the ,lure1 go a little distance1 cast it half the length of the string about your ,head1 still ,luring with your ,voice1 unhood your ,hawk1 and throw it a little way from her3 ,if she stoop and seize1 let her plume the ,pullet1 and feed on it upon the ,lure3 ,then take her and ,meat on your ,fist1 ,hood her1 and give her the ,tiring of the ,wing1 or ,foot of the said ,pullet4 ,having ,manned and ,lured your ,hawk1 before you bring her to her ,flight1 one thing is to be observed and done1 called in the ,faulconers ,dialect1 ,enseaming1 which is to cleanse her from ,fat1 ,grease1 ,glut1 known by her round ,thighs1 and full ,meutings2 and thus you may do it3 ,in the ,morning when you feed her1 give her a bit or two of ,hot-meat1 and at ,night very little or nothing4 ,then feed her ,morning and ,evening with a ,rook1 wash'd twice till the ,pinions be tender2 then give a ,casting of ,feathers as her ,nature will bear2 and once in two or three dayes give her a ,hens-neck well joynted and washt3 ,then a quick train ,pigeon every ,morning2 and after by these and her own ,exercise1 she has broken and dissolved the ,grease1 give her three or ,four ,pellets of the ,root of ,sellandine1 as bigg as a ,garden ,pease1 steept in the ,sirrup of ,roses2 and you have done this part of your ,duty4 ,to ,enter your ,hawks1 for ,partridge or ,fowle1 observe this4 ,lay an ,old ,feild-,partridge in a ,hole1 covered with something1 and fasten to it a small ,creance 7i4 e4 a ,fine small long ,line of strong and even-wound ,packthread fastned to the ,hawks ,leash when first ,lured17 and uncoupling your ranging ,spaniels1 pluck off the ,covering of the ,traine ,partridge and let it go1 and the ,hawk after it2 and as soon as she has slain it1 reward her well with it4 ,and thus to make her fly at ,fowle1 feed her well with the ,traine of the ,fowle you would have2 doing afterwards as above4 ,the ,faults of ,hawks differ according to their ,nature and ,make3 ,long-winged ,hawks faults are thus helped4 ,if she used to take stand1 flying at the ,river1 or in ,champain ,feilds1 shun flying near ,trees or ,covert2 or otherwise1 let several ,persons have ,trains1 and as she offers to stand1 let him that's next her cast out his ,traine1 and she killing it reward her4 ,and indeed you ought never to be without some live ,bird or ,fowle in your ,bag1 as ,pigeon1 ,duck1 ,mallard1 c4 ,if she be ,froward and ,coy2 when she ,kills1 reward her not as usually1 but slide some other meat under her1 and let her take her pleasure on it2 giving her some ,feathers to make her scoure and cast4 ,if she be ,wild1 look not inward1 but mind ,check1 7i4 e4 other ,game1 as ,crows1 c4 that fly cross her7 then lure her back1 and stooping to it1 reward her presently4 ,the faults of ,short-,winged ,hawks thus are helped4 ,sometimes the ,goshawk and ,sparrow-,hawks1 will neither kill1 nor ,fly the ,game to ,mark1 but will turn ,taile to it3 ,then encourage your ,dogs to ,hunt1 cast a ,traine ,partridge before your ,hawk1 make her seize it1 and feed well upon it4 ,if a ,hawk take a ,tree1 and will not fly at all1 feed her then upon quick ,birds1 and make her foot them1 and in the plain ,champaign ,feilds unhood her1 and riding up and down a while let one cast out a ,feild-,partridge before her1 let her fly at it1 and footing it feed on it4 ,if they be too fond of ,man1 that after a stroke or two will not fly1 be seldom familiar with her1 and reward her not as she comes so improperly3 ,otherwise reward her well4 ,as for ,mewing of ,hawks1 the best time for ,long-winged ,hawks is about the middle of ,april1 and ,march for the ,short-,winged ,hawks4 ,there are two kinds of ,mewings4 #a4 ,at the stock or stone2 so called from its being low upon the ground1 free from ,noise1 ,vermin or ill ,air4 #b4 ,at large2 so called from being in a high ,room1 with open ,windows towards the ,north or ,north-,east4 ,the former is accounted the best ,mewing4 ,i shall not insist on the erecting or ordering of this ,mew1 leaving that to the ,discretion of the ,faulconer2 only before he mews his ,hawk1 see if they have ,lice1 to pepper and scowre them too4 ,the best time to draw the ,field-,hawk from the ,mew1 is in ,june1 and she will be ready to fly in ,august2 the ,hawks for the ,river in ,august1 will be ready in ,september4 ,and because ,hawks are subject to divers ,infirmities and ,diseases1 ,i shall prescribe some ,remedies1 and so ,conclude4 ,cures for ,hawks ,diseases4 ,the good ,faulconer ought diligently to observe the ,complexions of his ,hawks ,castings and ,mewtings1 to judge of their ,maladies1 and is prescribed by some as an excellent way2 and is indeed so2 but an assured sign of knowing whether they are sick or distempered is this4 ,take your ,hawk1 turning up her ,train1 if you see her ,tuel or ,fundiment swelleth1 or looketh red2 ,or1 if her ,eyes or ,eares be of a fiery ,complexion1 it is an infallible sign of her being not well and in good health2 and then ,scouring is necessary first2 which is done by the most ,soveraign ,aloes ,cicatrine1 about the quantity of a ,bean1 wrapt up in her ,meat2 and this avoids ,grease1 and kills ,wormes too4 ,for the ,cataract3 ,take one ,scruple of washt ,aloes finely beaten1 and two ,scruples of ,sugar-candy1 mix these together1 and with a ,quil blow it three or four times a day into your ,hawks ,eye4 ,pantus or ,asthma3 ,pour the ,oyl of sweet ,almonds into a ,chickens ,gutt1 well washt1 and give it the ,hawk3 ,or1 scower her with ,sellandine-,pellets1 and ,oyle of ,roses1 and then wash her meat in the ,decoction of ,coltsfoot4 ,filanders or ,wormes3 ,to prevent them1 seeing your ,hawk low and poor1 give her once a month a ,clove of ,garlick4 ,to cure or kill them2 take half a dozen ,cloves of ,garlick1 boyle them very tender in ,milk1 then take them and dry the ,milk out of them2 put them into a spoonful of the best ,oyle of ,olives1 and having steept them all ,night1 give them both to your ,hawk1 when she has cast1 in the morning2 feed her not til two hours after1 and then with warm ,meat1 and keep her warm all that day4 ,lice3 ,mail your ,hawk in some ,woollen ,cloath1 put between her ,head and ,hood a little ,wool1 and take a ,pipe of ,tobacco1 put the little end in at the ,tream1 blow the smoak1 and the ,lice that escape ,killing1 will creep into the ,cloth3 ,probatum4 ,formica3 ,take a little of the ,gall of a ,bull1 and beating it with ,aloes1 anoint the ,beak of the ,hawk1 ,morning and ,evening4 ,frounce3 ,take the ,powder of ,allume1 reduced to a ,salve with strong ,wine ,vinegar1 and wash her mouth with it2 then take the ,juice of ,lollium and ,raddish1 mixt with ,salt1 and anoint the ,sore4 ,apoplex3 ,gather the ,herb ,asterion 7the ,moon being in the ,waine and in the ,sign ,virgo7 wash your ,hawks meat with the ,juice thereof when you feed her1 is ,soveraign4 ,wounds3 ,take the ,juice of ,english ,tobacco1 or ,mouse-eare1 after you have sticht it up1 with a little ,lint1 bathe the place is highly approved4 ,many other ,diseases there are1 which others have largely treatad of1 and to whom ,i refer you in case of some ,diseases1 which may occur2 and here take leave to conclude this my discourse of ,hawking3 ,of ,riding1 ,this ,noble ,art being rightly and throughly learnt1 qualifies a ,gentleman for the three preceding ,sports1 and is for that ,reason placed here1 as a necessary ,attendant of them4 ,and here we must first examine the ,ends ,design of our proposing this ,art to our selves1 accordingly lay down as briefly as may be the necessary ,rules and ,lessons are to be observed and learnt1 for the obtaining and prosecuting the same1 and ,i take these to be the usual ,perfections we aime at1 ,to ,ride well the great ,horse1 for the ,warrs or ,service1 and the ,horse for ,pleasure2 of both which as concisely as ,i can1 in their ,order4 ,as a ,preface to this1 we must begin with ,taming a young ,colt4 ,after you have kept your ,colt at home some time1 and made him so ,familiar with you1 as to suffer ,combing1 ,currying1 ,handling1 and ,stroaking any part1 'tis high time then to offer him the ,saddle1 which you must lay in the ,manger first1 that by its smell1 he may not be afraid of it1 or the ,styrrups ,noise4 ,then gently saddling him 7after his dressing7 take a sweet ,watring ,trench1 anointed with ,honey and ,salt1 and place it in his ,mouth so1 that it may hang directly over his ,tush2 then lead him abroad in your hand1 and ,water him2 and after he has stood an hour rein'd thus1 take off his ,bridle and ,saddle1 and let him feed till ,evening2 ,then do as in the morning2 then dress and ,cloath him1 having ,cherisht him before1 i4 e4 ,by the ,voice delivered smoothly and gently2 or by the ,hand by gently stroaking and clapping him on the neck1 or buttock2 or lastly by the ,rod1 by rubbing it on his ,withers or ,main4 ,on the next day as before2 and after that1 put him on a strong ,musrole1 or sharp ,cavezan1 and ,martingale2 which is the best guide to a ,horse for setting his ,head in due place1 forming the ,rein1 and appearing ,gracefull and ,comely2 it corrects the yerking out his ,head1 or ,nose1 and prevents his running away with his ,rider4 ,observe therefore to place it right1 that it be not buckled straight1 but loose1 and so low1 that it rest on the tender ,grissle of his ,nose1 to make him the more sensible of his ,fault1 and ,correction2 and so as you see you win his ,head1 bring him straighter by degrees2 let him but gently feel it1 till his ,head be brought to its true ,perfection4 ,having observed this well1 lead him forth into some soft or new ,plowed ,land1 and to take off his wanton knavish ,tricks1 trot him about in your hand a good while3 ,then offer to ,mount2 if he refuse to suffer you1 ,trot him again2 then putting your foot into the ,styrrop1 mount half way2 if he takes it impatient1 correct him1 and about again2 if not cherish him1 and place your self a moment in the ,saddle1 dismount1 cherish1 and feed him with ,grass1 or ,bread3 ,all things being well1 remount1 even in the ,saddle1 keeping your ,rod from his ,eye2 then let one lead him by the ,chaff-,halter1 and ever and a-non make him stand1 and cherish him1 till he will of his one accord go forward2 then come home1 alight gently1 and do a good ,horsemans ,duty1 ,to dress and feed him well4 ,this ,course in few dayes will bring him to ,trot1 by following some other ,horseman1 stop him now and then gently1 and forward2 not forgetting seasonable ,cherishings and ,corrections1 by ,voice1 ,bridle1 ,rod1 ,spurs4 ,being thus brought to some certainty of ,reine1 and ,trotting forth-right1 then to the ,treading forth of the large ,rings4 ,and here first examine your ,horses ,nature1 before you choose your ,ground1 for1 if his ,nature be dull and sloathful1 yet strong1 then ,new-plow'd-,field is best2 if ,active1 ,quick1 and ,fiery1 then ,sandy-ground is to be preferred2 in the most proper of which mark out a large ,ring1 of a ,hundred ,paces circumference4 ,now then walk about it on the right seven or eight times1 then by a little straightning your right ,rein1 and laying your left ,leg ,calf to his side1 make a half ,circle within the ,ring upon your right down to its ,center2 then by straightning a little your left ,rein1 and laying your right ,leg ,calf to his side1 make a half ,circle to your left hand1 from the ,center to the outmost ,verge1 and these you see contrary turned make a ,roman ,s4 ,now to your first large ,compass1 walk him about on your left hand1 as oft as before on the right1 and change to your right within your ,ring2 then ,trot him first on the right-hand1 then on the left1 as long as you judge fit1 and as often ,mornings1 and ,evenings as the ,nature of your ,horse shall require4 ,in the same manner you may make him to ,gallop the same ,rings1 though you must not enter it all at once1 but by degrees1 first a ,quarter1 then a ,half-quarter2 and the ,lightness and ,cheerfulness of your ,body1 not the ,spur1 must induce him to it4 ,the next ,lesson is to ,stop ,fair1 ,comely1 and without ,danger4 ,first see that the ,ground be hard and firm1 then having cherisht your ,horse1 bring him to a swift ,trot1 about ,fifty ,paces1 and then straightly and suddenly draw in your ,bridle hand2 then ease a little your hand to make him give backward1 and in so doing1 give him liberty1 and cherish him2 then drawing in your ,bridle hand1 make him retire1 and go back2 if he strike1 ease your hand2 if he refuse1 let some by-stander put him back1 that he may learn your intention2 and thus he may ,learn these ,two ,lessons at once4 ,to ,advance before1 when he stoppeth1 is thus taught3 ,when you stop your ,horse1 without easing your hand1 lay close and hard to his sides both the ,calves of your ,legs1 and shaking your ,rod cry1 ,up1 ,up2 which he will understand by frequent ,repetition1 and ,practice3 ,this is a ,gracefull1 and ,comely ,motion1 makes a ,horse ,agile1 and ,nimble1 and ready to ,turn2 and therefore be carefull in it3 ,that he take up his ,legs ,even together1 and bending to his ,body2 not too high1 for fear of his coming over2 not sprawling1 or pawing2 or for his own pleasure2 in these faults correct him with ,spur and ,rod4 ,to ,yerk out behind is the next ,lesson1 thus learnt3 ,presently upon your making him stop1 give him a good brisk jerk near his ,flank1 which will make him soon understand you4 ,when he does it1 cherish him2 and see he does it comely1 for to yerk out his hinder ,legs1 till his ,forelegs be above ground1 is not graceful2 or one ,leg yerk't further out than the other2 or one ,leg out while the other is on the ground2 in this case a single ,spur on the faulty side is best4 ,but to help him in ,yerking1 staying his mouth on the ,bridle1 striking your ,rod under his belly1 or touching him on the ,rump with it1 are reckoned necessary4 ,to ,turn readily on both hands1 thus3 ,bring his large ,rings narrower1 therein gently walk him1 till acquainted4 ,then carry your ,bridle-hand steady and straight1 the outmost rather straighter then the inmost ,rein1 to look from1 rather than to the ,ring2 ,trot him thus about1 on one side and the other successively1 as aforesaid4 ,after some time stop1 and make him advance twice or more1 and retire in an even ,line2 then stop and cherish him4 ,to it again1 after the same manner1 making him lap his outmost ,leg above a foot over his inner4 ,and thus the ,terra a ,terra1 ,incavalere ,chambletta1 are all taught together4 ,perfect your ,horse in the large ,ring1 and the straight ,ring is easily learnt4 ,your ,horse being brought thus far to perfection1 with the ,musrole and ,trench1 now let a gentle ,cavezan take their place2 with a smooth ,cannon-,bit in his ,mouth1 a plain watering ,chain1 ,cheek large1 and the ,kirble thick1 round and big1 loosely hanging on his nether ,lip2 and thus mount him1 and perfect your ,horse with the ,bit in all the 'foresaid ,lessons1 as you did with the ,snaffle2 which indeed is the easier to be done of the two4 ,to teach your ,horse ,to go aside1 as a necessary ,motion for shunning a blow from an ,enemy1 is thus3 ,draw up your ,bridle-hand somewhat straight1 and if you would have him go on the ,right1 lay your left ,rein close to his ,neck1 and your left ,calf likewise close to his side 7as in the ,incavalere before7 making him lap his left ,leg over his ,right2 then turning your ,rod backward1 jerking him on the left hinder ,thigh gently1 make him to bring to the right side his ,hinder parts1 and stand as at first in an even direct ,line3 ,then make him remove his ,fore parts more1 that he may stand as it were ,cross over the even ,line1 and then bring his hinder parts after1 and stand in an even ,line again4 ,and thus you must do1 if you would have him go on the ,left hand1 using your ,corrections ,cherishings on the right4 ,use it1 and you may be sure of ,perfection4 ,as for the ,manages1 somewhat have bin spoken of them1 there being but two 7among many7 useful call'd ,terra a ,terra ,incavalere before treated of2 for the ,carreere1 only take this3 ,let it not extend in length above six-score yards1 give your ,horse warning before you start him by the ,bridle hand1 and running full speed1 stop him suddenly1 firme and close on his ,buttock4 ,for the ,horse of ,pleasure1 these following ,lessons are to be learnt4 ,as first to ,bound aloft1 to do which3 ,trot him some sixteen yards1 then stop1 and make him twice advance2 then straighten your ,bridle-hand2 then clap briskly both your ,spurs even together to him1 and he will rise1 though it may at first amaze him2 if he does it1 cherish him1 and repeat it often every day1 till perfect4 ,next to ,corvet and ,capriole are ,motions of the same nature1 and in short are thus taught4 ,hollow the ground between two joyning ,walls a ,horses ,length1 by the side of which put a strong smooth ,post of the same length from the ,wall1 and fasten at the ,wall an ,iron ,ring over against the ,post3 ,thus done1 ride into the hollow place1 and fasten one of the ,cavezan-,reins to the ,post1 and the other to the ,ring2 then cherish him1 and by the help of the ,calves of your ,legs1 make him advance two or three times2 then pause1 and ,cherish him2 make him advance again a dozen times more1 and then rest2 double your ,advancings1 and repeat them till it becomes habitual to him1 to keep his ,ground certain1 advance of an equall height before and behind1 and observe a due ,time with the motions of your ,leggs4 ,the ,inequality of his advancing his hinder ,legs1 is helpt by a ,jerk on the ,fillets by some body behind him with a ,rod4 ,the laborious ,motion of going sideways1 being fitter for the ,war-,horse1 than the ,horse for ,pleasure1 usefull for the avoiding a ,blow may come from an ,enemy1 ,i omit here1 refering you to that4 ,thus much for those material ,lessons which the ,rider ought to teach his ,horse for ,war or ,pleasure1 and therefore ,i shall conclude this ,head1 with this ,caveat1 ,that in whatever ,lesson your ,horse is most imperfect1 begin and end with2 and remember1 that ,exercise makes things as it were natural2 when ,desuetude is the forerunner of ,forgetfulness1 and ,ignorance the ,consequent of ,both4 ,,of ,cock-fighting ,i shall not enlarge on the praises of this ,recreation1 its ,nobleness1 ,delight1 and ,simplicity1 devoyd of ,cheat or ,deceit1 but what is most material to our purpose succinctly declare4 ,and herein let us first observe the ,choice of a ,cock of the ,game1 directed by these four ,characters following3 ,that he be #a4 ,of a strong ,shape1 proud and upright1 and for this the ,middle-sized1 neither too small or too large1 is best1 because most matchable1 strong and nimble4 ,his ,head small like a ,spar-,hawks2 his ,eye large and quick2 ,back strong1 crook't at the setting on1 and coloured as the ,plume of his ,feathers2 ,the ,beam of his ,leg very strong1 and colour'd as his ,plume2 ,spurs long1 rough1 and sharp1 hooking inward4 #b4 ,of a good ,colour1 and herein the ,gray1 ,yellow1 or ,red ,pyle1 with a black ,breast1 are to be preferred2 the ,pyde rarely good1 and the ,white and ,dun never4 ,a ,scarlet ,head is a demonstration of ,courage1 but a ,pale and wan of ,faintness4 #c4 ,of ,courage true1 which you shall observe by his proud1 stately1 upright ,standing and ,walking1 and his frequent ,crowing in his ,pen4 #d4 ,of a ,sharp and ready ,heel1 which is 7in the ,opinion of the best ,cock-,masters17 of high ,estimation2 a ,sharp-heel'd ,cock1 tho somewhat false1 is better 7as dispatching his business soonest7 than a true ,cock with a dull ,heel4 ,enfine choose your ,cock endued with all these ,qualifications together above mentioned4 ,for ,breeding good ,cocks for the ,game1 or ,battel1 the best season is from the ,moon's ,encrease in ,february1 to her ,encrease in ,march4 ,the ,march ,bird is best4 ,and now first get a perfect ,cock1 to a perfect ,hen1 as the best ,breeding1 and see the ,hen be of an excellent ,complexion 7i4 e47 rightly plumed1 as black1 brown1 speckt1 grey1 grissel1 or yellowish2 tufted on her ,crowne1 large bodied1 well poked1 and having ,weapons1 are ,demonstrations of ,excellency and ,courage4 ,observe further her ,comportment1 if friendly to her ,chickens1 and revengeful of ,injuries from other ,hens4 ,fortes creantur a ,fortibus4 ,having placed her ,nest1 private from other ,fowles disturbance1 and warme1 observe your ,hen in sitting1 if she be busie in turning her ,eggs2 if remiss1 to help her4 ,set by her ,sand1 ,gravel1 ,water and necessary food1 to prevent her ,straggling4 ,after one and twenty dayes observe her ,hatching1 to take the newly hatcht ,chickens1 and wrap them in ,wool and keep them warm by the fire till all be disclosed2 then put them all under her1 and let her keep them warm1 and let none of them straggle abroad till they are three ,weeks1 or a ,month old2 and then let them run in some ,grass-plat1 or green ,court1 to pick ,wormes1 ,grass and ,chick-weed1 to feed and scour themselves2 but let them not ramble near ,puddles1 or filthy ,channels2 and to prevent any malady1 a few ,leek-blades minc'd small amongst their ,meat is good4 ,when they are grown so1 as that their ,sexes may be distinguish't1 assoon as the ,comb or ,wattles but appear1 cut them away1 and anoint the ,sore with sweet ,butter1 till whole4 ,this early cutting them1 is highly necessary to prevent ,flux of ,blood1 7which is dangerous in doing it later7 and ,gouty thick ,heads4 ,when the ,cock1 and ,hen-,chickens1 7going till now promiscuously one with another7 begin to quarrel and peck each other1 part them and separate their ,walks3 ,and the best for a ,fighting-,cock1 are private and undisturbed ,walks1 as1 ,wind-mills1 ,water-mills1 ,grange-houses1 ,park-lodges1 c4 and their ,feeding-place on soft ,ground1 or ,boards2 and have for his ,meat1 ,white ,corn1 or ,white-bread ,tosts1 steept in ,drink1 or ,urine1 is good1 both to ,scowre1 and ,cool them4 ,and do not debilitate and debauch his ,courage and ,strength1 by having too many ,hens to walk with2 ,three ,hens are enough for one ,cock4 ,if before they be ,six ,months ,old any of your ,chickens ,crow clear and loud1 and unseasonable1 then to the ,pot or ,spit with them1 they are ,cowards2 the true ,cock is long ere he gets his ,voice1 and when he has gotten it1 keeps good and judicious ,time in ,crowing4 ,next observe your ,roosting-,perch1 for this makes or marrs a ,cock2 for forming of which1 consult the best ,cock-,masters ,feeding-,pens1 and the ,perches there1 and accordingly proportion your own1 therefore ,i shall not propose any form here2 ,only pray take care that the ground underneath the ,perch be soft1 for if the ground be rough and hard1 in leaping down he will hurt his ,feet1 and make them ,gouty and ,knotty4 ,for the ,dieting1 and ,ordering of your ,cock for ,battle1 observe these ,rules4 ,let your ,cock be full two years ,old1 then in the latter end of ,august1 take up and ,pen him1 7it being now ,cocking-time till the end of ,may7 and see that he be sound1 hard-feather'd1 and full summed4 ,as to the moving ,perch1 and ,pen1 take my foregoing ,advice4 ,the first four dayes after ,penning2 ,feed him with the ,crumb of ,old ,manchet cut into square bits1 thrice a day1 and with the ,coldest1 and ,sweetest ,spring-water that can be had4 ,and after you think by this time he is throughly purged of his ,corne1 ,wormes1 ,gravel1 and other course ,feeding1 take him in the ,morning out of the ,pen1 and let him ,sparr with another ,cock some time to heat and chafe their ,bodies1 break ,fat and ,glut1 and fit them for ,purgation2 first having covered their ,spurs with ,hots of ,leather1 to hinder their ,wounding and drawing ,blood of one another4 ,after they have sufficiently ,sparred1 that they pant again1 take them up1 and remove their ,hots1 and prepare them for a ,diaphoretick or ,sweating ,bout thus3 ,take ,butter1 and ,rosemary finely chopt1 and ,white-,sugar-candy1 mixt together2 and give them the quantity of a ,wallnut2 which will scower1 strengthen1 and prolong ,breath3 ,then having 7purposely7 deep ,straw ,baskets1 fill them half way with ,straw1 put in your ,cock1 and cover him with ,straw to the top2 lay the lid close1 and let him stove till the ,evening4 ,at ,five a ,clock take him out1 and lick his ,head and ,eyes with your ,tongue1 then ,pen him1 and fill his ,trough with ,manchet 7as above7 and hot ,urine4 ,after this1 let his ,diet be of ,bread thus made3 ,take a ,gallon of ,wheat1 and ,oat-meal-flower1 and with ,ale1 half a score ,whites of ,eggs1 and ,butter1 work it into a stiff ,paste2 bake it into broad ,cakes1 and when four dayes ,old1 cut it into square ,bits1 as abovesaid4 ,the second day after ,sparring1 bring your ,cock into a ,green ,close1 and shew him in your ,arms a ,dung-hill-,cock1 then run from him1 and allure him thus to follow1 suffering him now and then to strike the ,dunghill-,cock1 and so ,chase him up and down for half an ,hour1 till he pants again2 and thus heated1 carry him home1 and scower him with half a ,pound of ,fresh-,butter1 beaten with the ,leaves of the ,herb of ,grace1 ,hysop1 and ,rosemary1 to the consistence of a ,salve1 and give him the quantity of a ,v,vallnut1 then ,stove1 and ,feed him as above4 ,and thus for the first ,fortnight1 ,spar or ,chase him every other day4 ,the second ,fortnight1 twice a ,week will be enough to ,chase or ,spar your ,cock3 ,observing1 that you ,stove and ,scower him1 proportionable to his ,heating4 ,the ,third and ,last ,fortnight 7for ,six ,weeks is long enough7 ,feed him as before1 but do not ,spar him1 but ,chase him moderately twice1 or thrice1 as before2 then roll his aforesaid scowring in ,brown-,sugar-candy1 to prevent his being ,sick2 rest him four dayes1 and then to the ,pit4 ,now1 ,gentlemen1 ,match your ,cock ,carefully1 or what you have hitherto done1 is nothing4 ,and here ,observe the ,length1 and ,strength of ,cocks4 ,the ,length is thus known3 ,gripe the ,cock by the ,waste1 and make him shoot out his ,legs1 and in this ,posture compare1 ,and have your ,judgment about you4 ,the ,strength is known by this ,maxime1 ,the largest in the ,garth1 is the strongest ,cock4 ,the ,dimension of the ,garth1 is thus known3 ,gripe the ,cock about from the joynts of your ,thumb1 to the points of your ,great ,finger1 and you will find the ,disadvantage4 ,the weak long ,cock is the quickest easier ,riser1 and the short strong one1 the surest ,striker4 ,thus being well ,matcht1 accoutre him for the ,pit4 ,clip his ,main off close to his ,neck1 from his head to his shoulders4 ,clip his ,tail close to his ,rump1 the ,redder it appears the better4 ,his ,wings sloping1 with sharp ,points ware ,eye ,adversary3 ,scrape smooth1 and sharpen his ,spurs2 leave no feathers on his ,crown2 then moisten his head with ,spittle2 and now favour us ,fortune4 ,the ,battle done search1 and suck your ,cocks wounds1 and wash them well with hot ,urine1 then give him a ,roll of your best ,scowring1 and stove him for that ,night4 ,if he be swelled1 the next morning1 suck and bathe his ,wounds again1 and pounce them with the ,powder of the ,herb ,robert1 thro a fine ,bag2 give him an handfull of ,bread in warm ,urine1 and stove him1 till the swelling be down4 ,if he be hurt in his ,eye1 chew a little ground ,ivy1 and ,spit the ,juice in it2 which is good for ,films1 ,haws1 ,warts1 c4 ,or if he hath veined himself in his fight1 by narrow striking1 or other cross blows1 when you have found the hurt1 bind the soft ,down of ,hare to it1 will cure it4 ,when you visit your wounded ,cocks1 a month or two after you have put them to their ,walks1 if you find about their heads any swollen ,bunches1 hard and blackish at one end1 then there are unsound ,cores undoubtedly in them2 therefore open them1 and with your ,thumb crush them out1 suck out the ,corruption1 and fill the holes with fresh ,butter2 and that will infallibly cure them4 ,cures for ,distempers incident to the ,cock or ,chick of the ,game4 ,for ,lice1 being most common1 ,i begin with2 proceeding from corrupt ,meat1 and want of ,bathing1 c4 ,take ,pepper beaten to ,powder1 mix it with warm ,water1 and wash them with it4 ,for the ,roup2 a filthy swelling on the ,rump1 and very contagious to the whole body1 the staring and turning back of the ,feathers is it ,symptome4 ,pull away the ,feathers1 open and thrust out the ,core1 and wash the ,sore with ,water and ,salt1 or ,brine4 ,for the ,pip2 visit the mouth1 and examine what hinders your ,cocks1 ,hen1 or ,chicks feeding1 and you'll find a white thin ,scale on the ,tip of the ,tongue1 which pull off with your ,naile1 and rubbing the ,tongue with ,salt1 will cure it4 ,for the ,flux2 proceeding from eating too moist ,meat1 give them ,pease-,bran scalded1 will stop it4 ,for the ,stoppage of the ,belly1 that they cannot mute2 ,anoint their ,vents1 and give them either small bits of ,bread or ,corn1 steep'd in ,urine of ,man4 ,for the ,eyes1 ,i have spoken before1 and refer you to that2 and for other ,infirmities1 let ,practise be your ,directory4 ,and now ,i have one ,word of ,advice to him that is a ,lover 7or would be so7 of this ,royal-,sport2 and then have done3 ,come not to the ,pitt without ,money in your ,breeches1 and a ,judgment of ,matches2 ,done and ,done is ,cock-,pitt ,law1 and if you venture beyond your ,pocket1 you must look well to it1 or you may loose an ,eye by the ,battle4 ,thus much for ,cock-,fighting4 ,of ,fowling4 ,this is a ,recreation so full of ,variety2 that it would take up a great many ,words and ,time to discover it2 but varying indeed from this ,design1 ,i shall not dilate on its several parts1 but as succinctly as may be1 give you some methodical ,instructions1 as may make a man capable of the ,active as well as ,passive part of this ,pleasure1 and without the one he cannot have the other4 ,now then the ,ingenious ,fowler1 like a ,politick and sagacious ,warrior1 must first furnish and store himself with those several ,stratagems and ,engines1 as suit with the diversities of ,occasion 7i4 e4 ,time17 ,place1 and ,game2 or else he cannot expect the ,conquest4 ,and first of ,nets1 which must be made of the best pack-thread1 and for taking ,great ,fowl1 the ,meshes must be large1 two ,inches at least from point to point1 the larger the better2 7provided the ,fowle creep not through27 two ,fathom deep1 and six in ,length1 is the best and most manageable ,proportion2 ,verged with strong ,cord on each side1 and extended with long ,poles at each end made on purpose4 ,but for small ,water-,fowle2 ,let your ,nets be of the smallest and strongest ,pack-thread1 the ,meshes so big1 as for the great ,fowle1 about two or three foot deep3 ,line these on both sides with false ,nets1 every ,mesh a foot and half ,square4 ,for the ,day-,net1 it must be made of fine ,pack-thread1 the ,mesh an inch square1 three ,fathom long1 and one broad1 and extended on ,poles according to its ,length1 as aforesaid4 ,birdlime is the next1 and thus made4 ,pill the ,bark of ,holly from the ,tree at ,midsummer1 fill a ,vessel1 and put to it running ,water2 boile it over the fire till the ,grey and ,white ,bark rise from the ,green2 take it off the fire1 draine the ,water well away1 and seperate the ,barks2 and take the ,green1 lay it on some moist floor and close place1 and cover it with ,hemblocks1 ,docks1 ,thistles1 and all manner of ,weeds2 let it lye a fortnight1 and in that time it will rot1 and turn to a filthy slimy ,substance3 ,then put it into a ,morter1 beat it till you perceive not what it was2 take it out and wash it soundly at some running stream1 till the ,foulness is gone3 ,then put it in a close ,earthen pot2 let it stand four or five dayes1 look to its ,purging1 and scum it3 ,when clean1 put it into another ,earthen ,pot1 and keep it close for ,use4 ,your ,setting-,dog comes next1 and sayes you must ,elect and ,train him thus3 ,he must be of exquisite ,scent1 and love naturally to hunt ,feathers4 ,the ,land-,spaniel is best1 being of good nimble size1 and couragious mettle1 which you may know by his ,breed2 being of a good ,ranger1 c4 ,having chosen your ,dog1 begin to instruct him at half a ,year old4 ,first make him familiar and acquainted well with your self above others1 by feeding him your self1 alwayes going abroad with you1 and correcting him with ,words not ,blows4 ,so that he will follow none but you1 distinguish your ,frowns from smiles1 rough from smooth ,words4 ,the first ,lesson is1 to make him ,crouch and lie down close to the ground2 and this is done by frequent laying him on the ground and crying ,lye close2 upon his doing well reward him with ,bread2 and on the contrary chastise him with ,words1 not ,blows4 ,next1 ,to creep to you with his ,body and ,head close upon the ground1 by saying1 ,come nearer1 ,come nearer1 or the like ,words2 to understand and do it1 entice him with shewing him ,bread1 or the like3 ,thrusting down any rising part of his ,body or head1 and roughly threatning him2 if he slight that1 a good ,jerk or two with a slash of ,whip-cord will reclaim his ,obstinacy4 ,repeat his ,lessons1 and incourage his well doing4 ,and this you may exercise in the ,fields as you walk1 calling him from his busie ,ranging to his ,duty4 ,and then teach him to follow you close at the heels in a ,line or string1 without straining4 ,by this time he is a year old1 now 7the season fit7 into the ,field1 and let him range1 obediently4 ,if he wantonly babble or causelesly open1 correct him by biting soundly the ,roots of his ,ears1 or ,lashing4 ,assoon as you find he approaches the ,haunt of the ,partridge1 known by his ,whining1 and willing1 but not daring1 to open1 speak and bid him1 ,take heed3 ,if notwithstanding this he rush in and ,spring the ,partridge1 or opens1 and so they escape1 correct him severely4 ,then cast him off to another ,haunt of a ,covie1 and if he mends his ,error1 and you take any by drawing your ,net over them swiftly1 reward them with the ,heads1 ,necks1 and ,pinions4 ,as for the ,water-,dog1 the ,instructions above for the ,setter will serve2 only to fetch and bring by loosing a ,glove1 or the like1 is every mans common ,observation1 and therefore shall here for ,brevities sake omit2 only keep a strict ,subjection in him1 and ,observance to your ,commands4 ,i shall say something too of the ,fowling-,piece and ,stalking-,horse1 and then to your sports4 ,the longest ,barrel is the best ,fowling-,peice1 five and half1 or six foot long1 with an indifferent ,bore1 under an ,harquebuse2 and shooting with the ,wind1 and side-wayes1 or behind the ,fowl1 not in their faces1 is to be observed2 having your ,dog in ,command not to stir till you have shot4 ,a ,stalking-,horse for shelter1 to avoid being seen by the shie ,fowle1 is an old ,jade trained on purpose2 but this being rare and troublesome1 have recourse to ,art1 to take ,canvas1 stuft and painted in the shape of a ,horse grazing1 and so light that you may carry him on one hand 7not too bigg37 ,others do make them in the shape of ,ox1 ,cow1 for ,variety2 and ,stag1 ,trees1 c4 ,thus being provided with necessary ,engines for prosecuting and effecting so cunning and pleasant a work1 ,let's abroad2 and let not the ,ale-,house1 ,tavern1 or ,brothel-,houses1 debauch and benumn our ,spirits1 but let us with the ,fowler exhilerate our ,minds1 refresh our ,bodies1 for a little ,pains reap a great deal of ,pleasure ,satisfaction1 whet our ,appetites1 and get ,meat too for them4 ,now then according to my proposed ,method1 let us first examine ,where to find our ,game8 that is1 ,the ,haunts of ,fowle1 whether ,land or ,water ,fowle2 by which two ,characters ,i distinguish them1 because of their ,variety and ,multiplicity4 ,the greater ,fowle1 or those who divide the ,foot1 reside by shallow ,rivers sides1 ,brooks and ,plashes of ,water2 and in low and boggy places1 and sedgie1 ,marish1 rotten ,grounds4 ,they also delight in the dry parts of drowned ,fens1 overgrown with long ,reeds1 ,rushes and ,sedges2 as likewise in half-drowned ,moors1 hollow ,vales of ,downs1 ,heaths1 c4 ,where obscurely they may lurk under the ,shelter of ,hedges1 ,hills1 ,bushes1 c4 ,the ,lesser1 or ,web-footed1 ,fowle1 allwayes haunt drowned ,fens1 as likewise the main streams of ,rivers not subject to ,freeze1 the deeper and broader1 the better2 7tho of these the ,wild-,goose and ,barnacle1 if they cannot sound the depth1 and reach the ,ouze1 change their ,residence for shallow places1 and delight in ,green-,winter-,corn1 especially if the ,lands ends have ,water about them37 ,small ,fowle also frequent hugely little ,brooks1 ,ponds1 drowned ,meadows1 ,pastures1 ,moors1 ,plashes1 ,meres1 ,loughs1 and ,lakes1 stored with unfrequented ,islands1 ,shrubs1 c4 ,how to take all manner of ,fowl or ,birds4 ,for taking the first 7,i mean the greater ,fowle7 with ,nets1 observe in general this3 ,come two hours before their feeding hours1 ,morning and ,evening2 and spreading your ,net on the ,ground smooth and flat1 stake the two lower ends firm1 and let the upper ends be extended on the long ,cord2 of which the further end must be fastned to the ground1 three ,fathom from the ,net1 the stake in a direct ,line with the lower ,verge of the ,net2 the other1 ten or twelve fathoms long1 have in your hand at the aforesaid distance1 and get some shelter of ,art or ,nature1 to keep you from the curious and shie ,eye of your ,game2 having your ,net so ready that the least pull may do your work1 ,strew'd over with ,grass as it lies to hide it3 ,a live ,herne1 or some other ,fowle lately taken1 according to what you seek for1 will be very requisite for a ,stale4 ,and you will have sport from the ,dawning1 till the ,sun is about an hour high2 but no longer2 and from ,sun-set till ,twilight2 these being their feeding times4 ,for the small 7,water7 ,fowle4 ,observe the ,evening is best before ,sun-set4 ,stake down your ,nets on each side the ,river half a foot within the ,water1 the lower part so plumb'd as to sink no further2 the upper slantwise shoaling against1 but not touching by two foot1 the ,water1 and the ,strings which bear up this upper side fastned to small yeilding sticks prickt in the ,bank1 that as the ,fowle strike may ply to the ,nets to entangle them4 ,and thus lay your ,nets 7as many as you please7 about twelve score one from another1 as the ,river or ,brook will afford4 ,and doubt not your success4 ,to expedite it however1 a ,gun fired three or four times in the ,fens and ,plashes1 a good distance from your ,nets1 will affright and post them to your ,snares2 and so do at the ,rivers1 when you lay in the ,fens4 ,thus much in general for ,nets1 ,i come next to ,bird-,lime4 ,winter time is the most proper for taking all manner of ,small ,birds1 as flocking then promiscuously together1 ,larks1 ,lennets1 ,chaffinches1 ,goldfinches1 ,yellow-,hammers1 c4 with this ,bird-lime1 made as afore-spoken2 only additionally thus ordered4 ,put to a quarter of a pound of ,bird-lime1 an ,ounce of fresh ,lard1 or ,capons-grease1 and let it gently melt together over the ,fire1 but not ,boyl2 then take a quantity of ,wheat-ears1 as you think your use shall require1 and cut the straw about a foot long besides the ,ears1 and from the ,ear ,lime the straw ,six inches2 the warmer it is1 the less discernable it will be3 ,then to the ,field adjacent1 carrying a bag of ,chaff1 and thresh'd ,ears1 scatter them twenty ,yards wide1 and stick the lim'd ,ears 7declining downwards7 here1 and there2 ,then traverse the ,fields1 disturb their ,haunts1 they will repair to your ,snare1 and pecking at the ,ears1 finding they stick to them1 mount2 and the ,lim'd straws1 lapping under their ,wings1 dead their flight1 they cannot be disengaged1 but fall and be taken they must4 ,do not go near them1 till they rise of their own accord1 and let not five or six entangled lead you to spoyl your ,game1 and incur the loss of five or six dozen4 ,barn-doors1 ,thatcht-,houses1 and such like places1 are excellent too for the use of these ,lime-straws4 ,a ,clap- ,net1 and ,lanthorn1 in a dark night rub'd at the ,eaves of ,houses1 is a common practice4 ,lime-,twigs1 is another ,expedient for taking of ,great ,fowle1 being ,rods that are long1 small1 straight1 and pliable1 the upper part 7apt to play to and fro7 being besmeared with ,bird-lime warm4 ,thus to be used1 ,observe the ,haunts of the ,fowle1 have a ,stale1 7a living ,fowle of the same kind you would take7 and cross pricking your ,rods1 one into1 and another against the ,wind sloping1 a foot distant one from the other1 pin down your ,stale1 some distance from them1 tying some small string to him1 to pull and make him flutter to allure the ,fowle down4 ,if any be caught1 do not run presently upon them1 their fluttering will encrease your ,game4 ,a well taught ,spaniel is not amiss to retake those that are entangled1 and yet flutter away4 ,thus likewise for the ,water1 consult the ,rivers depth1 and let your ,rods be proportionable2 what is ,limed of them being above the ,water1 and a ,mallard1 c4 as a ,stale placed here and there1 as aforesaid4 ,you need not wait on them1 but three times a day visit them1 and see your ,game2 if you miss any ,rods 7therefore know their ,number7 some ,fowle entangled is got away with it1 into some ,hole1 c4 and here your ,spaniel will be serviceable to find him4 ,for ,small-,birds1 a ,lime-bush is best2 thus1 ,cut down a great ,bough of a ,birch1 or ,willow-,tree1 trim it clean1 and ,lime it handsomely1 within four fingers of the bottom3 ,place this ,bush so ordered1 in some quick-set1 or dead ,hedge1 in ,spring time3 ,in ,harvest1 or ,summer1 in ,groves1 ,bushes1 ,hedges1 ,fruit-,trees1 ,flax1 and ,hemp-,lands3 ,in ,winter1 about ,houses1 ,hovells1 ,barns1 ,stacks1 c4 ,a ,bird-,call is here also necessary1 or your own industrious skill in the ,notes of several ,birds4 ,lime-twigs are likewise used1 stuck on ,hemp-cocks1 which take vast ,numbers of ,lennets1 and ,green-,birds1 that love that ,diet4 ,an ,owle placed near your ,lime-twigs1 is likewise an ,excellent ,stale1 for being persecuted by all other ,birds1 they flock about him1 and dye with ,hatred2 ,i mean1 being taken by you1 in their eager1 and malicious ,persecution of poor ,tom4 ,some have ,natural1 others ,artificial ,owles1 and with either fear not ,success4 ,and thus you may do1 in any particular ,game1 with your ,twigs1 and ,stale of the same kind1 as1 ,snipes1 ,felfares1 ,pigeons1 c4 ,and here ,i must not forget the ,farmers ,advantage1 to destroy his ,corn-destroyers1 ,rooks1 but give him this ,advice3 ,take some thick ,brown-paper1 divide a sheet into ,eight parts1 and make them into the fashion of ,sugar-,loaves2 ,lime them a little in the inside1 and put some ,corn in them 7if in ,ploughing time1 ,wormes1 and ,maggots7 lay ,three or ,four ,score up and down the ,land1 under 7if you can7 some ,clod1 early1 before feeding time3 ,be at some distance1 and behold the ensuing ,sport4 ,your ,pigeons1 ,rooks1 ,crows1 c4 comeing to pick out the ,corn or ,worms1 the ,pyramidal-snare hangs on their heads1 they fly straight upright1 almost out of sight1 and as if some ,gun in the ,ayr had met with them1 down they come tumbling 7being spent7 and become your ,prey4 ,thus much in general of taking all manner of ,fowle1 by ,net1 or ,lime1 ,i come next to know their best ,seasons1 when to use them1 and the first 7the ,net7 is from the beginning of ,may1 to the latter end of ,october2 and the last 7the ,lime7 in the ,winter only1 beginning from ,november1 and ending at ,may1 in which times1 there being no ,leaves1 your ,lime-,bushes1 and ,branches of ,trees are of one and the same ,hue4 ,and because ,gentlemen who have ,fish-ponds1 wonder they loose so many ,fish1 and are apt to ,censure sometimes undeservedly their ,neighbours1 when it is the insatiable ,hern1 that is the true cause3 ,i shall next lay down the best and most approved way of taking the great ,fish-devouring ,herne1 whose ,haunt having found1 observe this ,method to take him4 ,get three or four small ,roaches1 or ,dace1 take a strong ,hook1 7not too rank7 with ,wyre to it1 and draw the ,wyre just within the skin1 from the side of the ,gills1 to the ,taile of the said ,fish1 and he will live four or five dayes1 7if dead1 the ,herne will not touch it47 ,then having a strong ,line1 of a dark-,green-,silk1 twisted with ,wyre1 about three yards long1 tye a round stone of a pound to it1 and lay three or four such hooks1 but not too deep in the ,water1 out of the ,herne's wading2 and two or three ,nights will answer your ,expectation4 ,and here ,i thought to conclude this ,discourse of ,fowling1 but the young ,tyro or ,beginner in the ,acquest of this ,noble ,art1 pulls me back again1 and whispers this ,question in my ,ear1 ,how to take ,pheasants1 ,partridges1 c4 in particular1 by either of the forementioned wayes1 as1 ,nets1 ,lime1 ,engine1 ,driving1 or ,setting2 because of all ,fowl for ,game1 these two are esteemed as the most ,gentile1 and ,profitable8 ,i shall answer his ,curiosity1 and for his ,instruction1 propose these ensuing ,rules1 though what ,i have said in general of ,great ,fowl might suffice4 ,the severall wayes of taking ,pheasants4 ,for to take ,pheasants with ,nets1 first find their ,haunts1 or ,coverts1 which are generally in thick1 young1 well-grown ,copses1 solitary and untraced by ,men or ,cattle1 and not in ,old ,high ,woods2 and never in open ,fields4 ,which having assured knowledge of1 the next thing is to find out the ,eye1 or ,brood of ,pheasants1 wich according to the best ,experience is thus4 ,you must learn and understand the several ,notes of a ,natural ,pheasant-,call1 and how usefully to apply them4 ,in the ,morning just before1 or at ,sun-rising1 call them to feed1 and so at ,sun-setting3 ,in the ,forenoon1 and ,afternoon1 your ,note must be to ,cluck them together to ,brood1 or to chide them for straggling1 or to notify some danger at hand4 ,thus skilled in their ,notes1 and by the ,darkness1 ,solitaryness1 and strong undergrowth of the place assured of their ,haunts1 closely lodge your self1 and softly at first call2 lest being near you1 a loud ,note affright them2 and no ,reply made1 raise your ,note gradually1 to the highest2 and if there be a ,pheasant in hearing1 he will answer you1 in as loud a ,note4 ,be sure it be ,tunable4 ,as soon as you are answered1 creep nearer to it2 if far off1 and a single ,fowl1 as you call1 and approach1 so will the ,pheasant4 ,having gotten sight of her1 on the ,ground1 or ,perch1 cease calling1 and with all silence possible1 spread your ,net conveniently1 between the ,pheasant1 and you1 one end of the ,net fastned to the ,ground1 and the other end1 hold by a long ,line in your hand1 by which you may pull it together1 if strained2 then call again1 and as you see the ,pheasant come under your ,net1 rise and shew your self1 and affrighting her1 she will mount1 and so is taken4 ,thus if on the contrary you have divers ,answers1 from several ,corners of the ,coppice1 and you keep your place and not stir1 they will come to your ,call1 and then having a pair of ,nets1 spread one on each side1 and do as before4 ,your ,nets must be made of ,green or ,black double-twin'd ,thread1 the ,mesh about an inch square1 between ,knot1 and ,knot1 the whole ,net about three ,fathom long1 and ,seven ,foot broad1 verged with strong small ,cord on each side and ends1 to lye hollow and compass-wise4 ,the next way of taking ,pheasant-,powts1 is by ,driving thus4 ,having found the ,haunt of an ,eye of ,pheasants1 known by the ,barrenness of the place1 ,mutings and loose ,feathers1 then in the little ,pads and ,wayes1 like ,sheep-tracks1 they have made1 place your ,nets 7taking the wind with you7 a-cross these ,paths1 hollow1 loose and circularly1 the nether part fixt to the ground1 and the upper side hollow1 c4 as aforesaid3 ,then to their ,haunt1 and there call them together1 if scattered2 then with a ,driver1 an ,instrument like that of ,cloath-dressers1 rake gently the ,bushes and ,boughs about you1 the ,powts will run1 and stop and listen2 then give a nother rake1 and so you will drive them like sheep into your ,nets3 ,observe in this ,secrecy1 ,time and ,leisure1 or you spoyl your sport2 ,secrecy in concealing your self from being seen by them2 and ,time and ,leisure1 by not being too hasty4 ,lastly for taking ,pheasants with the ,lime-,bush1 or ,rods1 order these1 as ,i have before prescribed2 your ,rods about twelve ,inches long1 and your ,bush containing not above eight ,twigs1 with a pretty long ,handle1 sharpned to stick in the ,ground1 or ,bushes1 ,shrubs1 c4 and let it be planted as near the ,pheasants pearching ,branch1 as may be4 ,place your ,rods on the ,ground1 near the ,bush2 which will help the ,bush2 for when some are taken below by the ,rods1 they will scare up the others to get on the ,bushes to seek what's become of their ,fellows1 and there become your ,prey themselves4 ,thus provided1 keep close not to be discovered2 out with your ,call1 and use it ,skilfully and well1 and you need not fear ,game4 ,number the ,rods you planted1 and if any be missing1 some ,pheasant is crept away with it1 and here let your ,spaniel be employed to serve you in finding out the last sanctuary of the poor ,pheasant1 thus shunning his inevitable ,captivity and ,death4 ,for taking ,partridge4 ,as in all the foregoing ,sports1 the ,place where to find them is our first ,enquiry1 so here 7as you did of the ,pheasant7 you must first find the ,partridges ,haunt4 ,which is mostly in standing-,corn-,fields1 where they breed2 as likewise in ,stubble after the ,corn is cut1 especially ,wheat-stubble till it is trodden1 and then they repair to ,barley-,stubble1 if fresh2 and the ,furrows amongst the ,clots1 ,brambles and long ,grass1 are sometimes their lurking places1 for ,twenty and upward in a ,covy4 ,in the ,winter in up-land ,meadows1 in the dead ,grass or ,fog under ,hedges1 among ,mole-,hills2 or under the ,roots of ,trees1 c4 ,various and uncertain are their ,haunts4 ,and tho some by the ,eye1 by distinguishing their ,colour from the ground1 others by the ,ear1 by hearing the ,cock call earnestly the ,hen1 and the ,hens answering1 and chattering with ,joy at meeting1 do find ,partridge2 yet the best1 easiest and safest way of finding them is 7as you do the ,pheasant7 by the ,call or ,pipe2 applying your ,notes seasonable1 as before prescribed1 and they will come near to you1 and you may count their ,numbers1 and to your sport4 ,surround your ,covy1 prepare your ,nets1 and pricking a stick fast in the ground1 tye the one end to it1 and let your ,nets fall as you walk briskly round without stopping1 and cover the ,partridge2 then rush in upon them to frighten them1 and as they rise they are taken4 ,for taking them with ,bird-,lime1 thus4 ,call first near the ,haunt2 if answered1 stick about your ,lime-,straws 7of which ,i have spoken before7 a-cross in ranks two or three ,lands1 at some distance from you2 then call again1 and as they approach you1 they are intercepted by the ,straws2 and to your ,prey4 ,this way is used most successfully in ,stubble-,fields1 from ,august to ,september3 ,and ,rods in ,woods1 ,pastures1 c4 as for the ,pheasant4 ,but lastly1 above all 7to omit all others7 the most pleasant way of taking ,partridge is with a ,setting-,dog 7of which ,i have spoken before and refer you thither7 who having set them1 7known by the already mentioned signs7 use your ,net1 as you have heard just now3 ,and by these ,rules and ,method1 the ,railes1 ,quailes1 ,moorpootes1 c4 are to be taken2 and are for ,hawks flight too4 ,and here ,i must make an end of the most material part of ,fowling4 ,for as for treating of all manner of ,singing ,birds1 their ,taking1 which in general hath been before observed1 their ,preserving and ,keeping1 their ,natural ,breeding and ,feeding1 is a ,work of such common ,observation1 and so differing from the ,design of this ,treatise of ,violent and ,brisk ,exercises1 that omitting it altogether here1 shall refer you to the ,venders of them1 whom you may meet with in every ,street1 and furnish your self at easy rates2 and are indeed but ,voces praeterea ,nihil4 ,thus much for ,fowling4 ,of ,fishing4 ,so ,ancient1 so ,innocent1 so ,vertuous1 and so ,useful is this ,recreation1 that all the foregoing ,divertisements1 must needs give place to this1 and however 7inadvertently7 it comes in here1 challenges a ,preference1 and ,acceptance before any ,pleasure can by the heart of ,man be desired4 ,as for its ,antiquity some attribute its ,knowledge to ,belus ,son of ,nimrod1 who first invented all ,vertuous ,sports2 others to ,seth and his ,sons1 he having left it on brazen ,pillars engraven with indelible ,characters not to be obliterated by the ensuing ,flood4 ,job makes mention of ,fishing1 who ,lived as may be supposed before ,moses2 nor is it questionable1 whether the illustrious ,patriarchs used not this ,recreation4 ,certain it is1 there were many ,fishermen before ,christs ,coming1 whose sole ,dependance was on this ,innocent ,art4 ,innocent indeed and harmless1 when the ,lamb of ,god himself recommended it 7as ,i may say7 as such1 by his ,divine ,call of four ,fishermen1 to be his ,disciples1 and by distinguishing dignifying them with the greatest ,intimacy with himself1 and chiefest place in the ,apostolical ,catalogue2 and by the ,inspiration of his ,spirit ennobled their ,function2 he made them ,eminent ,fishers of men4 ,nay1 at the expence of a ,miracle1 he shewed the ,lawful ,use of ,fishing1 when the mouth of ,peter's ,fish he commanded him to take1 was the ,tribute-,money's ,purse4 ,and why our ,saviour made his first ,election of ,fishermen1 before others1 this may be the undoubted ,reason3 ,because he knew such men were naturally of more ,contemplative and ,serene ,minds1 of more ,calme1 ,peaceable1 and sweet ,dispositions2 ,and let me add too in the next place1 because it is the ,school of ,vertue 7as ,i may call it7 wherein the ,primitive ,christian ,vertues are learnt and exercised4 ,patience is the immediate ,vertue wherewith the ,angler is endued1 without which the ,pleasure doth no longer exist2 and attended with her three ,sisters compleat his ,delight4 ,for ,justice directs him to the due ,place of ,sport1 where he may freely exercise his ,art1 without ,injury or ,incivility to his ,neighbours3 ,temperance prescribes a ,measure to the ,action1 and moderates and rules the ,affections4 ,and lastly ,fortitude encourages and strengthens his mind1 to support the ,labour and undergo with ,perseverance all ,disappointments1 excludes ,passion 7incident to other ,recreations17 at the loss of a ,hook1 or 7perhaps that he never had7 a ,fish4 ,it makes him not fear ,wind nor ,weather1 nor is his delight sowered at last with ,melancholy and ,vexation2 but tho the ,anglers ,reward is but a little ,fish1 for a great deal of ,pains1 the ,contentment and ,satisfaction is above that4 ,finally the ,usefulness of it is apparently great2 for the cherishing the ,body1 and cheering the ,mind1 for diverting ,sadness1 and calming unquiet ,thoughts1 for moderating ,passions and procuring ,contentedness1 and begetting ,peace and ,patience in those that profess and practise it4 ,it has been the ,recreation of ,gods ,saints1 and ,holy ,fathers2 and of many ,worthy and ,reverend ,divines1 this hath been and is now their beloved ,pastime4 ,and so ,i shall conclude this ,encomium of ,fishing2 ,volumes may be written in its praise 7in which ,i am something wanting in the other foregoing ,sports1 this claiming it as its just due above the rest7 but ,i long to tell you ,how1 ,when and ,where1 you may taste its ,delight4 ,it hath been the ,method of this whole ,treatise1 to divide the several distinct ,heads of each ,recreation into three ,parts1 to render the ,observations and ,rules the more plain and easy1 for the prosecuting the ,recreation we treat of4 #a4 ,what it is we pursue4 #b4 ,where and ,when to find that we would delight our selves in4 #c4 ,with what proper ,mediums or ,measures we may obtain the desired ,effects of our endeavours therein4 ,and in this delightful ,scene of ,pastime1 we now treat of1 ,fishing1 so full of ,variety and ,choice1 ,i shall observe the same ,method4 ,first then1 ,what we pursue is ,fish1 distinguished according to their sundry kinds by these following ,names4 ,the ,barbel1 ,breame1 ,bleak1 ,bulhead1 or ,millers-,thumb2 ,chevin1 ,char1 ,chub1 ,carp2 ,dace1 ,dare2 ,eel2 ,flounder2 ,grayling1 ,gudgeon1 ,guiniad2 ,loach2 ,minnow2 ,pope or ,pike1 ,pearch2 ,rud1 ,roach2 ,sticklebag or ,bansticle1 ,salmon1 ,shad1 ,suant2 ,tench1 ,torcoth1 ,trout1 ,thwait1 and ,umber4 ,all these ,alphabetically thus named are the different sorts of ,fish1 in taking which the ,angler commonly exercises his ,art4 ,we come next1 ,where to find them4 ,i4 ,to know the ,haunts and ,resorts of ,fish1 in which they are to be usually found1 is the most ,material thing the ,angler ought to be instructed in1 lest he vainly prepare how to take them1 and preposterously seek where to find that he prepared for4 ,to prevent which you are first to understand1 ,that as the ,season of the ,year is1 so ,fish change their places3 ,in ,summer1 some keep near the ,top1 others the bottom of the ,waters4 ,in ,winter1 all ,fish in general resort to deep ,waters4 ,but more particularly1 ,the ,barbel1 ,roach1 ,dace1 and ,ruff1 covet most ,sandy1 ,gravelly ,ground1 the deepest part of the ,river1 and the ,shadows of ,trees4 ,breame1 ,pike1 and ,chub1 delight in a ,clay1 and ,ouzie ,ground3 ,the ,bream chooseth the middle of the ,river1 in a gentle not too rapid ,stream3 ,the ,pike prefereth still ,waters1 full of ,fry1 and absconding himself amongst ,bull-,rushes1 ,water-docks1 or under ,bushes1 that under these shelters he may more securely surprize and seize his ,prey3 ,the ,chub too chooses the same ,ground1 large ,rivers and ,streams1 and is rarely destitute of some ,tree to cover and shade him4 ,carp1 ,tench and ,eel1 frequent foul muddy still ,waters4 ,the greatest ,eels lurk under ,stones1 or ,roots2 the smallest ones are found in all sorts of ,rivers or ,soyls3 ,the ,carp is for the deepest stillest part of ,pond or ,river1 and so is the ,tench1 and both delight in green ,weeds4 ,pearch delighteth in gentle ,streams of a reasonable ,depth1 not too shallow2 close by a ,hollow ,bank is their common ,sanctuary4 ,gudgeon covets ,sandy1 ,gravelly1 ,gentle ,streams1 and smaller ,rivers2 not so much abounding in ,brooks4 ,he bites best in ,spring1 till they spawn1 and a little after till ,wasp time4 ,the ,salmon delights in large swift ,rivers1 which ebb and flow2 and are there plentifully to be found3 ,as likewise ,rocky and ,weedy ,rivers4 ,but in the latter end of the ,year he is to be found high up in the ,country1 in swift and violent ,cataracts1 coming thither to spawn4 ,the ,trout loves small swift purling ,brooks or ,rivers1 that run upon ,stones or ,gravel1 and in the swiftest deepest part of them1 getteth behind some ,stone-,block and there feeds4 ,he delights in a ,point of a ,river where the ,water comes ,whirling like the ,eddy1 to catch what the ,stream brings down1 especially if he has the ,shade of a ,tree3 ,he hugely delights to lurk under some hollow ,bank or ,stone2 seldom among ,weeds4 ,shad1 ,thwait1 ,plaice1 ,peel1 ,mullet1 ,suant and ,flownder1 covet chiefly to be in or near the ,salt or ,brackish ,waters1 which ebb and flow3 ,the last1 viz4 the ,flownder1 have been taken in fresh ,rivers1 as coveting ,sand and ,gravel1 deep gentle streams1 near ,banks1 c4 ,lastly the ,umber affects ,marly ,clay ,ground1 clear and swift ,streams1 far from the ,sea2 the greatest ,plenty of these ,fish is found in ,derbyshire and ,staffordshire4 ,thus much for the ,haunts of ,fish2 ,i come next to know ,when is the most seasonable time to catch them2 which before ,i speak to1 let him that would become a compleat ,angler1 take this ,rule4 ,that he observe narrowly what ,pond or ,river soever he fisheth in1 whether it be slimy1 muddy1 stoney or gravelly2 whether of a swift or slow ,motion2 ,as likewise that he know the ,nature of each ,fish1 and what ,baits are most proper for every kind3 ,not to let his ,knowledg be circumscribed to one or two particular ,rivers1 whither he is invited to ,angle and take his ,observations by the ,vicinity of his ,house2 but to let his ,knowledge be general1 and consequently his ,sport will be so too4 ,his ,ignorance otherwise will oblige him to be a ,spectator in another ,river1 when his ,excellency is confined to that only experienced one in or near his own ,parish or ,house4 ,but to proceed1 ,,ii4 ,to understand the best ,time when to ,angle in1 ,we must first consider ,affirmatively1 when most ,seasonable3 ,or1 #b4 ,negatively1 when ,unseasonable4 #a4 ,seasonable ,angling is1 ,when the ,weather is calme1 serene and clear2 tho the ,cool cloudy ,weather in ,summer is to be preferred1 provided the ,wind blow not too boistrously1 to hinder your easy ,guiding your ,tools2 ,in the hottest ,months the cooler the better4 #b4 ,when a ,violent shower hath disturbed the ,water and mudded it1 then with a ,red ,worm1 ,angle in the ,stream at the ground4 #c4 ,a little before ,fish spawn1 when they repair to ,gravely ,fords to rub and loosen their full ,bellies2 they bite freely4 #d4 ,from ,sun-rising till eight of the ,clock in the ,morning1 and from four in the ,afternoon till night for ,carp and ,tench4 ,in ,june and ,july1 ,carps shew themselves on the very rim of the ,water1 then ,fish with a ,lob-,worm1 as you would with a ,natural ,flye4 ,but be sure to keep out of sight4 #e4 ,in ,march1 ,april1 and ,september1 and all ,v,vinter1 when the ,air is clear1 serene and warm4 ,and after a showre of ,rain1 which hath only beaten the ,gnats1 and ,flies into the ,river1 without muddying4 ,the two first mentioned ,months with ,may1 and part of ,june1 are most proper for the ,fly2 ,nine in the ,morning1 and ,three a ,clock in the ,afternoon1 is the best time2 as likewise1 when the ,gnats play much in a warm ,evening4 #f4 ,in a ,cloudy1 and ,v,vindy day1 after a ,moon-shine clear ,night1 for the brightness of the ,night 7through fear7 making them abstain from feeding1 and the ,gloominess of the ,day emboldening and rendering them 7through ,hunger7 sharp1 and eager upon food1 they bite then freely4 #g4 ,lastly1 ,at the opening of ,mill-dams or ,sluces1 you will find ,trouts1 c4 come forth seeking food1 brought down by the ,water4 ,we come next to demonstrate the time not proper1 i4 e4 #b4 ,unseasonable ,angling in short is1 ,when the ,earth is parched1 and scorched with ,vehement ,heat1 and ,drought2 benummed and frozen with ,cold1 ,frost1 and ,snow2 or refrigerated with ,spring ,hoar-,frosts2 or blasted with the sharp1 bitter1 nipping1 ,north1 or ,east ,winds3 ,or when blustring ,boreas disorders your well guiding your ,tackling2 or the ,sheep-,shearers ,washings glutted the ,fish1 and anticipated your ,bait2 when the withdrawing of your sport1 foretells a ,storm1 and advises you to some shelter2 or ,lastly1 when the night proves ,dark1 and ,cloudy1 you need not trouble your self the next day1 'tis to no purpose1 c4 ,thus much shall suffice for the two first ,parts ,i proposed to treat of1 viz4 ,what we seek after in this ,recreation1 and ,where1 and ,when to find it2 ,i come next to speak of the several ,implements1 and ,tackling we ought to be provided with1 for the prosecuting the same2 and then to our ,sport4 ,,iii4 ,for providing ,stocks1 the best time is the ,winter ,solstice1 when the ,sap is in the ,roots of ,trees1 and their ,leaves gone4 ,it is improper after ,january1 the ,sap then ascending into the ,trunk1 and expanding it self over all the ,branches4 ,see that your ,stocks be ,taper-grown1 and your ,tops of the best ,ground-,hazle1 that can be had1 smooth1 slender1 and straight1 of an ,ell-long1 pliant1 and bending2 and yet of a strength1 that a reasonable jerk cannot break it1 but it will return to its first straightness2 lest otherwise you endanger your ,line4 ,keep them two full years1 before you use them2 having preserved them from ,worm-eating1 or ,rotting1 by thrice a year rubbing and chaffing them well with ,butter 7if sweet7 or ,linsed or ,sallet-,oyl2 and if ,bored1 ,oyl poured into the ,holes1 and bathed four and twenty houres in it1 and then thrown out again1 will exceedingly preserve them4 ,but why should ,i further trouble my self with prescribing any ,rules for the ordering the ,angle-,rod1 since every ,cane-shop in ,london will furnish us at an easy rate1 with ,rods of ,cane1 that shall suit with the sport we designe2 the usual ,objection of their ,colour and ,stiffness being taken away1 the first by covering it with ,parchment or thin ,leather1 dyed as you please2 and the other by the length and strength of the ,top1 being as before4 ,the next thing we come to prepare is the ,line1 which though easy1 yet admits of some ,rule2 wherefore to make it neat1 handsome and strong1 twist the ,hair you make it of even1 having seen if the ,hair be of an equal bigness2 then steep your ,line in ,water1 to see if the ,hairs shrink1 if so1 you must twist them over again4 ,the ,colour of the ,hair is best of ,sorrel1 ,white and ,grey2 ,sorrel for muddy boggy ,rivers1 and the two last for clear ,waters4 ,nor is the ,pale watry green contemptible1 dyed thus3 ,take a pint of strong ,ale1 half a pound of ,soot1 a little of the ,juice of ,walnut-,leaves and ,allum2 ,boyle these together in a ,pipkin half an hour1 take it off1 and when 'tis cold1 put in your ,hair4 ,in making your ,line of ,hair mix not ,silk2 but either all ,hair1 or all ,silk2 as likewise distinguish the ,line for the ,ground ,angle1 and that for the ,fly-,rod1 the last must be stronger than the first2 in that for the ,artificial ,fly1 making the uppermost ,link twenty ,hairs long1 less in the next1 and so less till you come to the ,fly4 ,lastly at each end of your ,line make a ,loop 7called a ,bow7 the one ,larger1 to fasten to1 and take it from the top of your ,rod1 and the other ,lesser to hang your ,hook-line on4 ,your ,hook comes next1 and requires your ,care1 ,that it be ,long in the shank1 something ,round in compass1 the point straight and even1 and bending in the shank4 ,set on your ,hook with strong small ,silk1 laying your ,hair on the inside of the ,hook4 ,your ,flote challenges divers wayes of making4 ,some using ,muscovy ,duck-quills for still ,waters4 ,others the best sound ,cork without flaws or holes1 bored through with a hot ,iron1 and a ,quill of a fit proportion put into it2 then pared into a pyramidal ,form1 or in the fashion of a small ,peare1 to what bigness you please1 and ground smooth with a ,grindstone or ,pumice2 this is best for strong ,streams4 ,in fine1 ,to plum the ,ground1 get a ,carbine ,bullet bored through1 and in a strong twist hanged on your ,hook or ,rod4 ,to sharpen your ,hook1 carry a little ,whetstone4 ,to carry your several ,utensils without incommoding your ,tackle1 have several ,partitions of ,parchment4 ,and in short the ,ingenious ,angler will not be unprovided of his ,bob and ,palmer2 his ,boxes of all sizes for his ,hooks1 ,corks1 ,silk1 ,thread1 ,flies1 ,lead1 c4 ,his ,linnen and ,woollen ,bait-,bags2 ,his splinted ,osier light ,pannier2 ,and lastly his ,landing ,hook1 with a ,screw at the end to screw it into the socket of a ,pole1 stricken into the ,fish1 to draw it to ,land3 ,to which socket1 a ,hook to cut up the ,weeds1 and another to pull out ,wood1 may be fastned4 ,but all those ,implements ,i have described1 serve to no purpose1 if we do not observe to have the ,agents and ,effecters of our ,pastime in store1 ,i mean proper ,baits and ,inticements to take your ,fish4 ,which branch themselves into three ,kinds4 ,first1 ,the ,life-baits1 which are all kind of ,worms1 ,redworm1 ,maggot1 ,dors1 ,froggs1 ,bobb1 ,brown-,flies1 ,grashoppers1 ,hornets1 ,wasps1 ,bees1 ,snails1 small ,roaches1 ,bleak1 ,gudgeon1 or ,loaches4 ,secondly1 ,artificial living ,baits1 of ,flyes of all sorts and shapes1 made about your ,hooks with ,silk and ,feathers1 at all times seasonable1 especially in blustering ,weather4 ,lastly1 ,dead ,baits1 ,pasts of all maings1 ,wasps dryed or undryed1 clotted ,sheeps-blood1 ,cheese1 ,bramble-berries1 ,corn1 ,seeds1 ,cherries1 c4 ,the two first good in ,may1 ,june and ,july1 the two next in ,april2 and the last in the ,fall of the ,leaf4 ,of ,flies4 ,of ,natural ,flies there are innumerable1 and therefore it cannot be expected ,i can particularize all2 but some of their ,names ,i shall nominate1 viz4 ,the ,dun-,fly1 ,red-,fly1 ,may-,fly1 ,tawny-,fly1 ,moor-,fly1 ,shell-,fly1 ,flag-,fly1 ,vine-,fly1 ,cloudy or ,blackish-,fly1 ,canker-,flies1 ,bear-,flies1 ,caterpillars1 and thousands more1 differing according to the ,soiles1 ,rivers or ,plants4 ,artificial ,flies1 are made by the ingenious ,angler1 according to ,art1 in shape1 colour and proportion like the ,natural ,fly1 of ,fur1 ,wool1 ,silk1 ,feathers1 c4 ,to delineate which ,i must confess my self not so accurate and skilful a ,painter1 nor can any ,pen-drawing illustrate their ,various ,colours so1 as to direct their ,artificial ,counterfeit2 ,nature will help him in this by ,observation1 curiously ,flourishing their several ,orient and bright ,colours1 after which they take their names1 as before said3 ,and therefore to furnish your self with both ,natural and ,artificial ,flyes1 repair in the morning to the ,river1 and with a ,rod beat the ,bushes that hang over the ,water1 and take your ,choice2 ,this is a ,rule whereby you may know by their ,number what ,fly the ,fish affect most1 and accordingly to use it2 taking with you these following ,directions4 #a4 ,observe to ,angle with the ,artificial ,fly in ,rivers disturbed somewhat by ,rain1 or in a ,cloudy day1 the ,wind blowing gently3 ,if the ,wind be not so high1 but you may well guide your ,tackle1 in plain ,deeps is to be found the best ,fish1 and best ,sport3 ,if small ,wind breeze1 in swift streams is best ,angling3 ,be sure to keep your ,fly in perpetual slow motion2 and observe that the ,weather suit the ,colour of your ,fly1 as the light ,colour'd in a ,clear day1 the ,darkish in a dark1 c4 ,as likewise according to the ,waters ,complexions1 have your ,fly suitable4 #b4 ,let your ,line be twice as long as your ,rod3 ,keep as far as you can from the ,waterside1 the ,sun on your back2 ,in casting your ,fly1 let that fall first2 your ,line not touching the ,water4 #c4 ,have a nimble ,eye1 and active quick ,hand to strike presently upon the rising of the ,fish1 lest finding his mistake he spew out the ,hook4 #d4 ,in slow ,rivers cast your ,fly cross them1 let it sink a little1 draw it back gently1 without breaking or circling the ,water2 let the ,fly float with the ,current1 and you will not fail of excellent ,sport4 #e4 ,observe to let the ,wings of your ,salmon-,flys to be one behind another1 whether two or four1 and they and the ,tail long1 and of the finest gaudiest ,colours you can choose4 ,lastly1 ,in clear ,rivers a small ,fly with slender ,wings is best1 and in muddied ,rivers a ,fly of a more than ,ordinary large ,body4 ,thus much for ,flies1 ,i come next to that ,i called ,dead-,baits1 and shall begin with the several ,wayes of making ,pastes4 ,of ,pastes4 #a4 ,beat in a ,mortar the ,leg of a young ,coney 7,vulgarly called the ,almond7 or of a ,whelp or ,catling1 and a quantity of ,virgins ,wax and ,sheeps suet1 till they are incorporated1 and temper them with clarified ,honey into ,paste4 #b4 ,sheeps ,blood1 ,cheese1 fine ,manchet and clarified ,honey tempered as before4 #c4 ,sheeps-,kidney-,suet1 ,cheese1 fine ,flower1 with clarified ,honey tempered4 #d4 ,cherries1 ,sheeps ,blood1 ,saffron and fine ,manchet made into a ,paste4 #e4 ,beat into a ,paste2 the fattest ,old ,cheese1 the strongest ,rennet can be got1 fine ,wheat-flower and ,annis-seed ,water3 ,if for a ,chub you make the ,paste1 put a little rafty ,bacon4 ,lastly1 ,mutton-,kidney ,suet1 and ,turmerick reduced to a fine ,powder1 the fattest old ,cheese and strongest ,rennet1 wrought to a ,paste1 adding ,turmerick1 till the ,paste be of a curious ,yellow2 and is excellent and approved for ,chevin4 ,all which ,pastes when you use them1 that you may have the desired ,effects of your ,pains infallibly follow1 anoint your ,bait with this ,confection3 ,take the ,oyl of ,aspray1 ,coculus ,india1 and ,assa ,foetida beaten1 and mix with it as much ,life-,honey2 then dissolve them in the ,oyle of ,polypody1 and keep it in a close ,glass for your use4 ,and that your ,paste may not wash off your ,hook1 beat ,cotten-,wool or ,flax into it4 ,of keeping ,baits4 ,for the keeping and preserving all quick ,baits1 you must keep them separately as they are several1 not altogether2 and feed them with that they most delight in2 as for instance1 in short3 ,the ,red-,worm1 must be kept in a bag of ,red ,cloth1 with a handful of chopt ,fennel1 mixt with half so much fresh1 black and fertile ,mould1 will scoure and preserve them3 ,all other ,worms1 with the ,leaves of ,trees they are bred on1 renewing them often in a day4 ,only the ,cad-bait1 ,bob and ,canker1 c4 must be kept in the same things you find them4 ,the great ,white ,maggots1 keep them in ,sheeps-,tallow1 or little bits of a beasts ,liver2 and to scoure them1 hang them warm in a bag of ,blanketing with ,sand4 ,the ,frogs and ,grasshoppers1 in wet ,moss and long ,grass1 frequently moistned2 and when used1 the ,legs of the first1 and the ,wings of the other must be cut close off4 ,the ,flies use them as you take them4 ,only the ,wasps1 ,hornets and ,humble-,bee1 must be dryed in an ,oven1 their heads dipt in ,sheeps blood1 and dryed again1 may be kept in a ,box for use4 ,thus much shall suffice for the ,anglers ,tools and ,baits1 ,i shall now lead him to his ,sport1 having first ,clad himself with all inward and outward ,ornaments4 ,inward1 ,in having his ,mind cloathed with these ,qualifications1 viz4 #a4 ,learning1 throughly to understand his ,art1 and skilfully argue and dispute its ,excellency1 c4 #b4 ,faith1 to enjoy the ,benefit of his ,expectation4 #c4 ,love1 to his ,pleasure1 not thinking it irksom and tedious1 to his ,neighbour1 in not offending him4 #d4 ,patience1 ,in not excruciating himself for ,accidents of ,losses1 c4 #e4 ,humility1 in wetting himself1 lying down1 kneeling1 c4 as ,occasion requires4 #f4 ,liberality1 in dispencing to others the ,fruits of his ,labour4 ,outward1 ,in cloathing his body with plain and comely ,apparel1 of sad dark ,colours1 as sad grayes1 tawny1 purple1 hair or ,musk ,colour4 ,warm and well lined1 to prevent the ,evils which the ,coldness of the ,air1 or ,moistness of the ,water may produce4 ,and now thus equipt let us walk to the ,rivers side1 there give me leave to direct you in the ,measures you must take and observe1 for the obtaining the ,end of what all our forementioned ,preparations aime at2 ,i mean the ,catching those sundry kinds of ,fish ,i enumerated at the begining of this ,discourse2 and observing that first method1 ,i shall ,alphabetically describe1 what ,baits are most ,proper for taking them1 and ,how to use them4 ,to begin then with the ,barbel4 ,the best time for ,angling for this ,fish is at the latter end of ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 and beginning of ,august1 in his ,haunts aforementioned2 and the best ,bait 7omiting others7 is the well-scoured ,lob-,worm 7being of a curious cleanly ,palate as well as shape7 or ,cheese steept an hour or two in clarified ,honey4 ,he is a subtile ,fish1 extraordinary strong1 and dogged to be dealt with1 and therefore be sure to have your ,rod and ,line strong and long1 or you may endanger to break it4 ,the ,breame is next in order2 ,the most seasonable time to ,angle for him is from ,st4 ,james tide till ,bartholomew tide4 ,he spawneth in ,june or begining of ,july2 is easily taken1 as falling on his side after one or two gentle turnes1 and so drawn easily to ,land4 ,the best ,bait for him is that 7most delightful to him7 ,red-,worme 7found in ,commons ,chalky ,grounds after ,rain7 at the root of a great ,dock1 wrapt up in a round ,clue4 ,he loves also ,paste1 ,flag-,wormes1 ,wasps1 ,green-,flies1 ,butter-,flies1 and a ,grass-hopper1 without ,leggs4 ,bait your ,ground the night before with gross-ground ,malt1 boiled and strained1 and then in the morning with the ,red-,worm1 bait your ,hook1 and plumbing your ,ground within half an ,inch1 ,fish4 ,the ,bleak1 an eager ,fish1 is caught with all sorts of ,worms bred on ,trees or ,herbs1 also with ,flies1 ,cad-bait1 ,bobs1 ,paste1 ,sheeps-,blood1 ,white ,snails1 ,wasps1 ,gnats1 c4 ,in a warm clear day the small ,flye at the rim of the ,water is best2 ,in a ,cloudy day1 ,gentles or ,cadis two foot under the ,water4 ,the ,bull-head or ,millers-thumb1 being ,childrens ,recreation1 ,i shall speak little of1 only being serviceable for ,baits1 ,i shall only say he is easily taken with a small ,worm1 being lazie and simple1 and will swallow any thing2 and the ,minnow1 ,loach1 and ,bansticle being of the same diet1 ,i place here too4 ,the ,chevin1 loveth all sorts of ,worms1 ,flies1 ,cheese1 ,grain1 and ,black ,worms1 their ,bellies being slit1 that the ,white may be seen3 ,and very much delighteth in the ,pith of an ,oxes back1 the tough outward skin being carefully taken off1 without breaking the inward tender skin4 ,in the ,morning early angle for ,chevin1 with a ,snail2 in the heat of the day1 with some other ,bait2 in the afternoon with the ,fly2 the great ,moth1 with a great ,head1 yellow ,body1 and whiteish ,wings1 usually found in ,gardens1 about the ,evening3 ,the larger the ,chevin1 the sooner taken2 loving his ,bait large1 and variety on a ,hook4 ,the ,char is a ,lancashire ,fish1 found in a ,mere1 called ,winander-,mere in that ,county1 the largest in ,england2 and being to be found no where else1 ,i shall not lead my ,london ,angler thither to teach him to take it4 ,the ,chub1 called by some a ,cheven1 by others a ,villain1 is a ,fish of no rare ,meat2 however1 is good for a young ,angler1 and is thus to be taken3 ,bait your hook with a ,grass-hopper1 find the ,hole where he lies1 accompanied in a hot day1 with twenty or more1 floating almost on the very superficies of the ,water2 choose which you think best1 and fairest1 and drop your ,hook some two foot before him1 and he will bite at it greedily1 and cannot break hold with his ,leather ,mouth2 let him play and tire1 lest you break your ,line4 ,if you cannot get a ,grass-hopper1 then any ,worm1 or ,fly you will4 ,in cold ,weather1 fish for him near the ,bottom1 and the ,humble-,bee is the best ,bait4 ,some appropriate ,baits according to the ,month1 but ,i shall ,omit that2 ,the ,chub 7being best and in his ,prime in the ,winter1 and then excellent meat ,baked7 a ,paste made of ,cheese1 and ,turpentine1 is the only ,bait to take him4 ,the ,carp is subtle1 and full of ,policy1 will never bite in ,cold ,weather1 but in ,hot you cannot be too ,early1 or too ,late4 ,in ,march1 he seldome refuseth the ,red-,worme1 in ,june the ,cadice1 and the three next ,months the ,grass-hopper3 ,pastes that are sweet1 of which ,i have spoken before1 are very delightfull to ,carps3 ,and especially2 if you ,bait your ground two or three dayes before you angle1 with ,pellets of course ,paste1 ,chickens-guts1 ,garbage1 c4 ,gentles anointed1 and a ,piece of ,scarlet dipt in ,honey1 put them on the ,hook1 is an approved way4 ,the ,dace1 ,dare1 ,rudd1 and ,roach1 being much of a kind1 and feeding1 ,i shall put together1 and are easily taken with small ,worms1 ,bobs1 ,cadbaits1 ,flies1 sheeps-,blood1 all sorts of ,worms1 bred on ,trees or ,herbs1 ,paste1 ,wasps1 ,gnats1 ,lipberries1 c4 ,the ,heads of the ,wasps1 being dipt in ,blood1 is good for ,dace1 and ,dare2 as is likewise the ,ant-flie4 ,the ,eel1 takes great ,red-worms1 ,beef1 ,wasps1 ,guts of ,fowl1 or ,fish1 ,menow1 small ,roaches are good ,bait for ,night ,hooks2 the ,hooks being in the ,mouth of the ,fish4 ,now because this is very delightfull to most1 ,i shall prescribe three wayes of taking them1 as are most full of ,pleasure4 ,the first way is called1 ,sniggling1 or ,broggling for ,eels1 thus3 ,take a strong ,line and ,hook1 baited with a ,lob1 or ,garden-,worm1 and observing where ,eels lurk in the day time1 with a stick forked at the ,top1 gently put your ,bait into the ,hole1 and if there be any ,eels there1 you will not fail of a ,bite1 of as large ,eels as can be had1 but pull not too hard lest you spoyl all4 ,the second is called ,bobbing1 which is thus done3 ,take some large well scowred ,lobs1 and with a ,needle1 run some strong twisted ,silk through them1 from end to end1 so many as are enough to wrap about a ,board near a dozen times2 tye them fast with the two ends of the ,silk to hang in so many ,hanks2 then fasten all to a strong ,cord1 and a handfull above the ,worms fasten a ,plumb of three quarters of a pound1 and your ,cord to a strong ,pole1 and in muddy ,waters1 you may ,fish1 and find the ,eels tug lustily1 and when you think they have swallowed them1 draw up your ,line1 and a-shore with them4 ,lastly1 the ,eel-,spear made with four ,teeth1 jagged on both sides1 stricken into the ,mud1 on the bottom of a ,river1 and if you chance to strike where they lye1 you infallibly take4 ,there is likewise an assured way of taking ,eels1 approved to excel any other1 thus done3 ,take some ,bottles of ,hay1 mixt with green ,osiers1 or ,willows1 ,bait them with ,sheeps ,guts1 or other ,beasts ,garbage1 sink them down in the middle1 to the bottom of your ,pond1 or by the ,bank-sides1 having fastned a ,cord to the ,bottles1 that you may twitch them up at your pleasure1 and all the best ,eels will resort to them1 and you may take abundance4 ,the ,flounder1 ,shad1 ,thwait1 ,suant1 and ,mullet1 are taken with ,red-,worms of all sorts1 ,wasps1 and ,gentles4 ,the ,grayling is next2 ,in ,angling for which1 you must head your ,hook upon the shank1 with a very slender and narrow plate of ,lead1 that the ,bait 7a large ,grass-hopper7 may the more easily come over it2 and at the point put a ,cadbait1 and keep the ,bait in continual motion2 not forgetting to pull off the ,grass-hoppers ,wings4 ,the ,gudgeon1 takes the smallest ,red-,worm1 ,wasps1 ,gentles1 and ,cadbaits4 ,when you ,fish for him1 stir up the ,sand or ,gravel with a ,pole1 which will make them gather thither1 and bite more eagerly4 ,the ,guiniad1 ,i shall remit speaking to1 only mentioning it in course1 being no where found1 but in a place called1 ,pemble-,mere1 in which place they abound1 as the ,river ,dee does with ,salmon4 ,the ,pope1 or ,ruff1 is excellent for a young ,angler1 bites greedily1 and quantities may be taken1 by ,baiting the ,ground with ,earth1 and your ,hook with small ,red ,worms4 ,the ,pike1 loveth all sorts of ,baits 7unless the ,fly7 ,gudgeon1 ,dace1 ,roaches and ,loaches2 and young ,frogs in ,summer time1 of which the yellowest is best4 ,the ,pearch1 taketh all sorts of ,earth-worms1 especially the ,lob-worm1 and ,brandling1 well scowred1 ,bobs1 ,oak-worms1 ,dors1 ,gentles1 ,cole-wort-worms1 ,wasps1 ,cadbaits1 and ,menow1 or a little ,frog1 the ,hook being fastned through the skin of his ,leg1 towards the upper part of it4 ,be sure you give the ,pearch time enough to pouch his ,bait1 before you strike4 ,the ,salmon1 is taken best with ,lob-worms1 scented with the ,oyl of ,ivy-berries1 or the ,oyl of ,polypody of the ,oak mixt with ,turpentine3 ,or the well-scowred ,garden-worm1 is an excellent ,bait3 ,the ,salmon bites best in ,may1 ,june1 and ,july1 at three a ,clock in the ,afternoon1 if the ,water be clear1 a little ,wind stirring1 especially near the ,sea4 ,the ,tench1 is a great lover of large ,red ,worms1 first dipt in ,tar4 ,as also all sorts of ,paste1 made up with strong scented ,oyls1 or ,tar1 or a ,paste made up of ,brown ,bread1 and ,honey4 ,he will bite too at a ,cad-worm1 ,lob-worm1 ,flag-worm1 green ,gentle1 ,cadbait1 ,marsh-worm1 or soft boil'd ,bread-grain4 ,the ,torcoth1 being before mentioned1 ,i only let you know1 that he is only found1 in the ,pool ,linperis in ,carnarvan-shire2 and leave you to the ,welch-mens description1 both of him and his ,bait4 ,the ,trout1 is fattest1 and in his prime in ,may1 and is caught with all sorts of ,worms1 especially ,brandlings1 commonly found in an ,old ,dung-hill1 ,cow-dung1 ,hors-dung1 or ,tanners-bark3 ,also with ,flies1 ,natural and ,artificial1 with young ,frogs1 ,menow1 ,marsh1 ,dock or ,flag-worms2 all sorts of ,cad-bait1 ,dors1 ,bobs1 ,palmers1 ,gentles1 ,wasps1 ,hornets1 c4 and with the ,catterpiller1 used according to the ,rule before prescribed for the ,grayling4 ,lastly1 ,the ,umber1 endeth our ,alphabet1 and ,discourse of ,fishing too1 and gives me occasion to add no more1 but that he is taken as the ,trout1 just now mentioned2 ,and therefore now to your ,sport3 ,to assist your well effecting which1 ,i have but this to add2 ,cast into your ,haunts where you use to ,fish1 once in four or five dayes1 soft boyled ,corn 7or oftner for ,carp1 and ,tench7 ,also ,garbage1 ,beasts ,livers1 chopt ,worms1 ,grains steept in ,blood1 to attract them to the place2 and to keep them together1 throw in half a handfull of ,grains of ground ,malt3 ,but in a stream1 cast it above your ,hook1 that floating towards you may draw the ,fish thither4 ,before ,i conclude1 ,i was afraid this discourse would have been imperfect1 had not something been spoken of ,fish-ponds1 their ,ordering1 and ,improving1 that the private ,gentleman may not be destitute of some appropriated place to himself1 wherein he may ,recreate himself in this excellent ,pastime2 great ,rivers belonging either to the ,king1 or to ,lords of ,mannours1 whose ,authorities and ,jurisdictions must be kept inviolate1 and excludes our ,intrusion there4 ,of ,fish-ponds4 ,when you have a desire to dig a ,fish-pond1 coveting the several ,advantages that do thence accrue to you1 you must first of all consult1 what ,grounds are most fit and proper to be cast into a ,pond1 viz1 ,those which are ,marrishy2 or ,boggy2 or full of ,springs1 unfit for ,grazing1 or to be put to any profitable use besides4 ,of these the last1 full of springs1 will yield the best ,water2 that which is ,marshy will feed ,fish2 and that which is ,boggy is best for a ,defence against ,thieves4 ,thus being furnished with a piece of ,wast ,ground1 ,i now mentioned1 let us now to work2 ,and first draw by small ,trenches all the ,springs or moist ,veines into one place1 and so drain the rest of the ,ground2 then mark out the ,head of your ,pond1 and make it the highest part of the ground in the ,eye1 tho it be the lowest in the true ,level3 ,cut the ,trench of your ,floodgate so1 that when the ,v,vater is let out1 it may have a swift ,fall3 ,on each side of which ,trench drive in great ,stakes of ,oak1 ,ash or 7which is best7 ,elme1 six foot long1 and six ,inches square2 place these in ,rowes four foot distance one from another1 as broad and wide from the ,floodgate as you intend the ,head of your ,pond shall go3 ,now give us the ,spade ,tom1 and fetch us the ,pick-ax ,jack1 and to digging of our ,pond2 ,dig it as big and large a ,compass as the ,ground will permit1 throw your ,earth amongst the said stakes1 and ram it between them1 hard and firm1 till you have covered the stakes3 ,drive in as many new ones more besides the heads of the first stakes1 and ram more ,earth above them too3 ,do thus with stakes above stakes till the head-sides be of a convenient ,height3 ,taking care1 that the inside of your ,banks be smooth1 even1 hard and strong1 that you may not fear the wearing of the ,earth off the stakes by any ,current of the ,water4 ,having thus digged about eight foot deep1 that so it may carry about six foot ,v,vater1 pave all the bottom and the ,banks of the ,pond with large ,sods of ,flot-,grass1 laying them very close together1 pin them down fast with small stakes and windings3 ,this ,grass is a great ,feeder of ,fish1 and grows naturally under ,v,vater4 ,stake down to the bottom of one side of the ,pond divers ,bavens and ,brush-,v,vood-,faggots1 into which the ,fish may cast their spawn1 and preserve it3 ,in another place lay ,sods upon ,sods1 the grass sides together to nourish and breed ,eels4 ,the ,pond being thus made1 let in the ,water1 and now observe to store it thus3 ,put your ,carp1 ,breame and ,tench by themselves3 ,pike1 ,pearch1 ,eel and ,tench 7the ,fishes ,physician7 by themselves2 for ,food of the greater ,fishes1 as well as ,meat for your greater ,dishes1 put good store of ,roach1 ,dace1 ,loach and ,menow2 and ,lastly to every one ,melter put three ,spawners1 and in three ,years the ,increase will be great2 and in five ,years with difficulty destroyed4 ,at the end of three ,years ,sue your ,pond2 which you must ever continue so to do1 for that the ,roach1 c4 will increase in such abundance1 that eating up the sweetest food1 will make your other ,fish1 as ,carps1 c4 be lean and hunger-starved3 ,and therefore every ,year view your ,pond1 and observe if any such ,fry appears2 and use your ,discretion4 ,and because the ,carp is a ,fish of a general ,acceptation1 and is of a bon goust almost in every mans palate2 and being by the aforesaid little ,devourers and ,multiplyers1 very often ,deceived in your expectation of a fat ,carp1 large and sweet2 ,i shall insert here an excellent ,v,vay of making ,carps grow to an extraordinary ,bigness in a ,pond4 ,to make ,carps grow large1 c4 ,about the ,month of ,april1 when you perceive your ,pond grow low in ,v,vater1 rake all the sides where the ,v,vater is fallen away with an ,iron ,rake1 and sow ,hay-seeds there1 and rake it well2 and at the ,latter end of ,summer you shall have good store of ,grass3 ,the ,winter being come the ,v,vater will encrease and over-top all the ,grass1 and there being ,v,vater enough to carry them1 the ,carps will resort to the seeds1 and feed briskly and grow as fat as ,hoggs3 ,thus do every ,summer1 till you sue your pond1 and no ,river ,carp can surpass them4 ,thus much of ,fishing and ,fish-,ponds4 ,of ,shooting4 ,the ,use of the ,bow is of so great ,antiquity1 and of so important a ,consequence for a defensive and offensive ,armes1 that ,i could not but a little consider1 how needful the true knowledge of its ,use was esteemed of ,old1 and how little it is accounted now4 ,it is uncertain1 as well as 7almost7 unknown1 who was the ,first ,inventor of the ,bow2 but if we examine the ,probability there may be of its being derived from the ,tyranical ,government of ,nimrod1 that so ,mighty ,hunter before the ,lord1 we may ,conjecture him to be the first ,inventor of the ,bow3 ,for as he is called the ,first ,founder of a ,monarchick ,government1 by reducing and subduing a disordered ,people under the ,government of himself2 so was he likewise esteemed a ,mighty ,hunter in another respect1 for that he ,subdued likewise the ,beasts of the ,field2 as is observed of him and his ,character1 by sundry ,commentators on him and his ,family4 ,so that in the whole we may suppose him to be the ,inventor1 or first ,finder out of the ,bow1 as a ,weapon of an infallible ,execution and mortal ,efficacy on that account4 ,nor can ,i find any mention made of the ,bow thro the whole ,hystory of ,genesis from ,nimrod to ,esau1 they both being characterized with those ,epithets of ,mighty and ,cunning ,hunters1 ,men of the ,field2 who very well understood the ,use of the ,bow1 as well for their ,profit as ,pleasure2 the last of which is particularly hinted in the commands of ,isaac to ,esau1 that with his ,quiver and his ,bow1 he should ,hunt and take that only ,seasonable ,dish1 which might procure and entaile a ,blessing on him and his ,posterity4 ,nay1 that ,holy ,patriarch ,jacob himself1 in his last ,will and ,testament to his ,illustrious ,family1 bequeaths a singular ,portion to his beloved ,joseph1 which the strength of his ,bow had intitled him to4 ,gen4 #dh4 #bb4 ,nor are we to doubt in what ,estimation it was held to the ,reign of ,david ,king of ,israel1 who thought it the most ,necessary ,qualification of his ,subjects1 to be very well versed in the ,use of the ,bow4 ,the ,bow which was the ,famous ,signal between his beloved ,jonathan and himself1 and made the private ,testimonial of the undeserv'd ,fury of his ,maliciously ,enviously incensed ,father ,saul3 ,by reason of whose eminent ,skill1 in the expert use of it1 he chants forth his ,mournful ,elegy1 ,the ,bow of ,jonathan returned not empty1 from the ,blood of the slain1 c4 ,nay further so useful 7no doubt7 he thought the ,knowledge of the ,bow was1 and of so necessary a ,consequence for a ,defensive as well as ,offensive ,armes1 that it is observable he issued out a particular ,edict or ,proclamation1 commanding the general ,learning its use throughout ,judah4 ,and the ,use of it continued and still does in the ,east1 as the only ,weapon they are skilled in4 ,dr4 ,heylin in his ,cosmographical ,description of the ,world1 tells us1 ,that the ,czeremissi1 a ,people living in great ,forrests1 without ,houses1 feeding on ,honey the ,flesh of ,wild ,beasts ,clothed with their ,skins1 under the ,empire of the ,czar of ,russia1 are such excellent ,archers1 and so light of ,foot1 that they carry their ,bows continually in their hands1 and practise their ,children so timely in it1 that 7after such an age7 till they can hit a ,white that is set before them1 they give them nothing to eat4 ,further2 it is recorded of the ,parthians 7and indeed all the ,persians too7 that their greatest ,fame consisted in their skilful handling their ,bows and ,arrows1 were deservedly reckon'd the best ,archers in the ,world1 having the ,art of ,shooting backwards1 and making their ,retreat and ,flight more pernicious and terrible1 than their ,charge and ,onset4 ,so that when ,marcus ,crassus in his expedition against them1 was told by an ,astrologer1 that having found an ill ,aspect in ,scorpio1 he presaged his ,enterprize would prove unsuccesseful1 ,tush ,man 7quoth he7 ,i fear not ,scorpio1 but ,sagittarius4 ,and to descend to our own ,countrymen the ,english1 the frequent ,victories they obtained over the ,french formerly1 rendred them as famous and able ,bow-men 7next the ,parthians7 as were in the ,world4 ,but since the ,ingenious ,franciscan ,fryer 7,bertholdus ,swart7 appeared in ,germany1 his ,sulphureous ,brain has quite 7or almost7 blown up the ,reputation of the ,bow1 and all other ,ancient ,devices and ,engines of ,war1 by his ,accidental ,invention of that ,fatal ,instrument the ,gun1 which he first communicated to the ,venetians1 ,anno #accj4 ,who gave by these 7then so called7 ,bombards1 a notable discomfiture to the ,genoys2 and was next made use of by the ,inhabitants of the ,baltick ,sea2 ,and at the ,siege of ,callice ,anno #acdg4 used by the ,english2 who taught it the ,mounsieur ,frenchman1 and he gratified him with the death of the ,famous ,leader1 ,thomas ,mountacute ,earl of ,salisbury1 shot at the ,siege of ,orleance1 ,anno4 #adbe4 ,after which ,spain learnt it1 and the ,jews and ,moors from thence taught the ,turk2 and from the first ,invention of large and unweildy1 they were made fit for ,walls and ,hands2 and in fine is a less expensive way of shedding blood than that of ,archery is4 ,thus you see how ,ancient the ,use of the ,bow is1 and how lately its ,disuse began 7,i mean in relation to the ,common-,wealth1 as a defensive1 or offensive ,weapon7 and how great the ,ancient ,fame of our ,english was in the knowledge of it3 ,however the ,glory of it is somewhat still preserved 7though in a ,pastime7 by the ,honourable ,city of ,london1 whose ,lord ,mayor annually appears to see a ,prize performed by ,shooting with a ,pound ,arrow3 ,and therefore all ,i have to say more1 is1 ,that it is deservedly placed amongst my ,recreations1 having ,metamorphosed its ,use1 and become a ,healthful ,conserver1 instead of ,destroyer of mens ,bodies4 ,and is vulgarly distinguished into two sorts1 the ,long-bow1 and the ,cross or ,crow-,bow4 ,i shall begin first with the ,long-bow1 whose ,use is 7now7 thus to be understood4 ,that it conduces much to the ,health of our ,body1 disperses our stagnated ,blood1 extends our contracted ,limbs1 and renders the ,members of our ,bodies plyant1 and flexible2 and for the better obtaining these ,effects1 the following ,rules are to be ,observed4 ,before the ,archer goes to his ,sport 7to follow the ,method of this ,treatise7 he must first provide himself with necessary ,accoutrements1 viz1 ,the ,bow which claimes his first ,care1 must be the best 7as best is best ,cheap7 of ,spanish or ,english ,yew1 7the ,v,vithen1 or ,elme being the worst37 ,next his ,shaft1 which must be of ,birch1 ,sugar-,chest1 or ,brazeel1 with ,gray1 or ,white ,feathers4 ,thus equipt1 to the ,field1 and here we are to understand three sorts of ,marks1 viz1 ,the ,but1 which is a ,mark that is level1 and requires a strong ,arrow with a broad ,feather3 ,the ,prick1 a ,mark of some compass1 of a certain distance1 requires an ,arrow that is strong1 and nimble1 with a middle ,feather3 ,the ,rover1 is an uncertain ,mark1 and ,proportionable to the distance1 suit your ,arrows4 ,but before you ,shoot1 hold a little1 and hearken to your ,charge4 ,first1 ,the ,archer must have a good ,eye1 to see and discern his ,mark2 attended with a ,knowing ,judgment1 to ,understand the distance of ,ground1 and in what compass his ,arrow must ,fly1 and to take the true ,advantage of a ,side-,wind2 and a ,dexterity to give his ,shaft a sharp strong and sudden ,loose1 and without hanging on the string1 to draw his ,arrow close to the ,head1 and in an instant deliver it4 ,secondly1 ,he must observe a ,decorum in his standing ,posture1 that his ,body be fair1 comely1 and upright2 his left ,foot a convenient stride before his right1 with both his ,hams stiff1 his left ,arm holding his ,bow in the midst1 stretch'd out streight2 and with his three ,fore-,fingers and ,thumb of his right-hand1 draw the string to his right ,ear1 the ,notch of his ,arrow resting between his fore and long ,fingers of his ,right-,hand1 and the ,steel of his ,arrow below the ,feathers upon the middle ,knuckle of his fore-finger1 on his ,left-,hand1 drawing it up close1 as abovesaid4 ,the ,cross-,bow 7as ,i said in the ,introduction to this ,treatise7 is of equal ,benefit and ,pleasure with the ,long-,bow1 when through an imbecillity in the ,arm or ,back1 that will not be a suitable ,recreation3 ,this ,bow must be made of the same ,wood with the other1 for ,gafel carried upon a string1 and the other end being placed in a ,rest1 furnish your self with strong and heavy ,arrows1 suitable to your ,bows strength1 and all the foregoing ,marks1 may afford you an equal ,delight with the ,former2 but especially for ,persons that have the unhappiness of looking asquint1 it is an excellent ,disposer of the sight1 to a direct ,line1 and helps that ,watermans quality of ,looking one way1 and ,rowing another4 ,thus much shall suffice for ,shooting4 ,of ,bowling1 ,this is a ,recreation of an ,ancient ,institution1 the ,lydians being thought to have been the first ,inventors of ,sphaeromachia1 which signifies ,bowling1 as well as ,tennis-,playing2 besides these they instituted several other ,games1 as the ,dice1 ,tables1 ,cards1 c4 ,necessity1 and ,hunger enforcing them to that ,ingenuity1 as ,persius well observes1 ,artis ,magister1 ,ingenijque largitor ,venter3 ,for that ,country being ,oppressed with a great ,dearth and ,famine1 in the time of ,atis1 one of the ,progenitors of ,omphale1 they ,devised these ,games1 that every second day playing at them1 they might beguile their ,hungry ,bellies1 and drive away the ,tediousness of the ,famine4 ,and indeed1 according to its ,original institution1 of infinite use for the diverting ,melancholly1 for ,exercise of the ,body1 by runing and stirring in this ,game1 for helping likewise sundry ,bodily ,infirmities1 as the ,stone1 ,gravel1 ,reins1 c4 ,for which aforesaid ends several ,pious1 ,learned and ,sober ,persons have sometimes made up the ,company of a ,bowling-,green 7tho ,i must confess rarely to be seen in those common ,bowling-,allies and ,bares1 which too usually are pestered with ,damming-,rooks1 ,cunning ,betters1 ,crafty ,matchers1 and base ,booty-,players37 ,herein we may see the ,world moralized1 or emblematically described1 where most are short1 over1 wide or wrong-,byassed1 and few justle in to the ,mistress ,fortune3 ,on one side we find ,heraclitus and his ,followers fret1 vex1 rail1 swear and cavil at every thing2 on the other side ,democritus1 and his ,company rejoice and laugh1 as if they were created for that purpose4 ,on one side you may see the ,mimick screwing and twisting his ,body into several ,postures1 which he perswades himself adds either to the ,swiftness or ,slowness of his ,bowl2 ,on the other side the senseless ,orator1 with his perswasive ,intreaties of ,rub1 ,o ,rub a little2 ,or1 ,flee1 ,flee1 and the like1 to hasten or retard the ,speed of his ,bowl2 when if the stupid ,bowl lend a deaf ,ear to his ,perswasions1 then he belyes his ,disobedience1 by crying ,short1 ,short1 ,o ,short1 when tis gone ten yards over2 and when tis bowled short of the ,jack six yards1 he cryes1 ,gone a ,mile1 a ,mile1 a ,mile1 c4 ,but not to detain you any longer in characterizing this excellent sport3 7,excellent ,i mean if rightly used7 ,i shall before ,i lead you into the ,green or ,bare1 instruct you in some ,rules1 how to choose your ,bowls4 ,the first and greatest ,cunning to be observed in ,bowling1 is the right chusing your ,bowl1 which must be suitable to the ,grounds you design to run on1 thus3 ,for close ,alleys1 your best ,choice is the ,flat ,bowl3 #b4 ,for open ,grounds of ,advantage1 the ,round-,byassed-,bowl2 #c4 ,for ,green ,swarths1 that are plain and level1 the ,bowl that is ,round as a ,ball4 ,the next thing requires your ,care is1 ,the chusing out your ,ground1 and preventing the ,windings1 ,hangings1 and many turning ,advantages of the same1 whether it be in open wide places1 as ,bares and ,bowling-,greens1 or in close ,bowling-,alleys4 ,lastly1 ,have your ,judgment about you to observe and distinguish the ,risings1 ,fallings and ,advantages of the ,places where you ,bowl3 ,have your ,wits about you to avoid being rookt of your ,money3 ,and have your ,understanding about you1 to know your best ,time and ,opportunity for this ,recreation2 and finally a studious ,care of your ,words and ,passions1 and then ,bowl away1 and you may deserve1 ,well have you ,bowled indeed4 ,but methinks ,i cannot conclude here1 without admiring how aptly a ,bowling-,green is by the ,divine ,quarles characterized1 in the following ,verses1 thus4 ,brave pastime1 ,readers1 to consume that ,day1 ,which without ,pastime flies too swift away6 ,see how they ,labour1 as if ,day and ,night ,were both too short to serve their loose ,delight8 ,see how their curved ,bodies wreath1 and skrue ,such ,antick shapes as ,proteus never knew3 ,one rapps an ,oath1 another deals a ,curse1 ,he never better bowl'd1 this never worse2 ,one rubs his itchless ,elbow1 shruggs and laughs1 ,the t'other bends his beetle-brows1 and chafes2 ,sometimes they whoop1 sometimes the ,stygian ,cryes1 ,send their black ,santo's to the blushing ,skies3 ,thus mingling ,humours in a mad ,confusion ,they make bad ,premisses and worse ,conclusion4 ,thus much for ,bowling4 ,of ,tennis4 ,this ,recreation is of the same ,date for its ,antiquity of ,invention with ,bowling1 and for the ,violence of its ,exercise to be preferred before it4 ,this sport indeed is of so universal an ,acceptance1 that ,majesty it self is pleased to design it its ,recommendation1 by tracking its laborious steps2 and ,princes and ,lords admire it too for the most proper ,recreation1 to suit with ,innocence1 and true ,nobility4 ,here the body is briskly exercised more than ordinary1 and inured in ,agility and ,nimbleness2 this renders the ,limbs flexible and mettlesom1 and adapts them for the most ,vigorous ,enterprize3 ,it makes the languid and slothful1 brisk and sprightful2 and rejects ,effeminacy and ,delicacy1 as contemptible and unworthy so ,royal and ,noble a ,recreation3 ,and so ,general indeed is the ,estimation this ,exercise of ,tennis amongst most meets with1 that it is reckoned one of the most absolute ,qualifications of a well-bred ,gentleman1 throughly to understand this famous ,game4 ,but why should we wonder at the general ,love ,gentlemen have for this ,recreation1 since it must be acknowledged1 it challengeth as deserving a place in the ,catalogue of violent ,exercises1 as any that goes before it in this ,treatise2 indeed it may be well rankt among those great ,excellencies of ,exercise which rendered the ,lacedemonians1 ,famous to all ,posterity for instructing their young ,gentlemen and ,noblemen in3 ,nay for ought ,i know it is a derivative ,vertue which descended to the true ,english ,gentleman1 from that so excellent ,method of ,education used amongst the ,warlike ,nation the ,gothes3 ,who 7as ,olaus ,magnus informes us7 amongst the greatest ,severities1 as ,beatings and ,wounds1 ,change of ,heat into sudden ,cold1 lying 7not on ,downe but7 upon ,boards1 coursely clad1 and ,feeding on ,ordinary1 but strong ,food1 used themselves to the most tedious1 wearisome and ,violent ,exercises1 as ,riding1 ,darting1 ,shooting1 c4 ,wearing heavy ,armes1 ,swimming on ,horse-,back and in ,armour2 ,and had they been acquainted with this ,exercise of ,tennis1 would not have omitted that neither3 ,but ,i shall not enlarge any further on its ,encomium1 its being the ,pastime of the most knowing and greatest men1 shall stop any longer ,eulogies my ,pen can make on its ,worth and ,excellence4 ,all ,i have to say is1 ,i am heartily sorry1 there are no ,rules which fall within the ,sphere of ,demonstration1 to be laid down for my ,readers use1 for the right prosecuting this ,noble ,game3 ,practice and ,experience alone must be his ,information and ,direction1 and not any ,writing may be communicated to him3 ,only let me say this4 ,tennis and ,baloon are ,sports which are play'd almost with the same ,instruments2 and therefore may be under one and the same ,head3 ,the first is a pastime1 used in close or open ,courts1 by striking a little ,round ,ball to and fro1 either with the ,palmes of the hands 7and then is called ,pila palmaria in ,latin7 or else a ,racket1 made for the purpose1 round with ,net or ,cat-gut1 with a ,handle3 ,the other a strong and moving ,sport in the ,open ,fields with a great ,ball of a double ,leather filled with ,wind1 and so driven to and fro with the strength of a ,mans ,arm1 armed in a ,brace of ,wood3 ,and thus much shall suffice to speak of the ,baloon and ,tennis2 only let me desire you1 let not this or any other ,pastime disturb your ,minds2 divert you from the diligent and careful ,prosecution of your own lawful ,business2 or invite you to throw away your ,time and ,money too lavishly and idley2 nor engage you in any ,passion2 that so you may not offend ,god1 dislike your ,neighbour1 nor incomode your ,self and ,family in your ,well-being and ,felicity2 and then you may recreate your self without ,fear1 and in this ,recreation observe the ensuing ,morality of ,the ,tennis-,court4 ,when as the ,hand at ,tennis ,playes1 ,and ,men to ,gaming fall1 ,love is the ,court1 ,hope is the ,house1 ,and ,favour serves the ,ball4 ,this ,ball it self is due ,desert1 ,the ,line that measure showes ,is ,reason1 whereon ,judgment looks ,where ,players win and lose4 ,the ,tutties are ,deceitful ,shifts1 ,the ,stoppers1 ,jealousy1 ,which hath ,sir ,argus hundred ,eyes1 ,wherewith to watch and pry4 ,the ,fault whereon ,fifteen is lost1 ,is ,want of ,wit and ,sense1 ,and he that brings the ,racket in ,is ,double ,diligence4 ,but now the ,racket is ,free-,will1 ,which makes the ,ball rebound1 ,and noble ,beauty is the ,choice1 ,and of each ,game the ,ground4 ,then ,racket strikes the ,ball away1 ,and there is ,over-sight1 ,a ,bandy ho6 the ,people cry1 ,and so the ,ball takes flight4 ,now at the length ,good-liking proves ,content to be their ,gain3 ,thus in the ,tennis-,court1 ,love is ,a ,pleasure mixt with ,pain4 ,of ,ringing4 ,since this ,recreation of ,ringing is become so highly esteemed1 for its excellent ,harmony of ,musick it affords the ,ear1 for its ,mathematical ,invention delighting the ,mind1 and for the ,violence of its ,exercise bringing ,health to the ,body1 causing it to transpire plentifully1 and by ,sweats dissipate and expel those ,fuliginous thick ,vapours1 which ,idleness1 ,effeminacy and ,delicacy subject men to2 ,i say for these and sundry other ,reasons1 ,i was induced to bring this of ,ringing into the ,company of ,exercises in this ,treatise1 that ,i might as well recreate you with some health-conducing ,pleasure at home1 as ,i have carryed you abroad1 and there endeavoured to please you in what ,pastime your ,inclinations may most peculiarly select4 ,whosoever would then become an accurate ,master of this excellent ,art and ,pleasure1 and is very desirous to be esteemed an ,elaborate and ,ingenious ,ringer1 and be enrolled amongst that ,honoured ,society of ,colledge ,youths2 ,i must beg ,leave to instruct him before he enters the ,bell-free1 in these ensuing short ,rules1 which he must strictly observe4 viz4 #a4 ,that as all ,musick consists in these six plain ,notes1 ,la ,sol ,fa ,mi ,re ,ut2 so in ,ringing1 a ,peal of ,bells is ,tuned according to these ,principles of ,musick3 ,for as each ,bell takes its ,denomination from the ,note it ,sounds1 by its being flatter or deeper1 as1 ,first1 or ,treble1 ,second1 ,third1 ,fourth1 c4 as they are in number to ,ten or ,twelve ,bells1 the ,last being called the ,tennor2 ,so must they successively strike one after another both ,fore-stroke and ,back-stroke1 in a due ,musical ,time or ,equidistance1 to render their ,harmony the more pleasant1 and to make the ,young ,practitioner the better informed to observe the ,life of ,musick1 and indeed of true ,ringing1 ,time2 and therefore is called1 ,round-,ringing4 #b4 ,as in ,musick1 so in ,ringing there are three ,concords1 so called from their ,melodious ,harmony and ,agreement1 which ,principally are these2 ,thirds1 viz4 #a #c1 #b #d4 c4 ,fifths #a #e1 #b #f c4 ,eights #a #h1 #b #i1 #c #aj c4 and these are the more pleasant according to the ,number of ,bells they are struck on1 and as they are struck1 whether seperately or mutually4 ,from hence ,changes are made1 which is only a ,changing place of one ,note with another1 so variously1 as ,musick may be heard a thousand wayes of ,harmony2 which being so obvious to common ,observation1 ,i shall not go about to demonstrate2 for that if two may be varied two wayes1 surely by the ,rule of ,multiplication1 a ,man may easily learn how many times #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 or #ab ,bells ,notes may be varied1 which will run almost ad infinitum4 #c4 ,for the better observing the ,ringing of ,changes or ,rounds1 these three things are to be noted4 #a4 ,the ,raising true in ,peal4 #b4 ,ringing at a low ,compass2 ,and #c4 ,ceasing in true ,peal2 ,all which three are the most essential ,parts to render a ,practitioner ,excellent4 #a4 ,for ,raising a ,peal of ,bells true1 the modern best ,practice recommends the swiftest and quickest possible1 every one taking ,assistance to raise his ,bell1 as its going requires3 ,the lesser ,bells as ,treble1 c4 being by main strength held down in their first ,sway 7or pull7 to get time for the striking of the rest of ,larger ,compass2 and so continued to be strong pulled till ,frame-high1 and then may be slackned3 ,the ,bigger1 as ,tenor1 c4 must be pincht or checkt over head1 that the ,notes may be heard to strike roundly and hansomely4 ,observe that all the ,notes strike round at one ,pull3 ,i do not mean the ,first2 but 'tis according to the ,bigness and ,weightiness of your ,bells3 ,however in raising a ,peal1 do not let one ,bell strike before the rest1 or miss when the rest do2 this is contrary to the ,strict ,rules of true ,ringing3 ,and this is called ,round-,ringing4 ,now if you design to raise a ,peal of ,bells for ,changes1 you ought to raise them to a ,set-,pull1 as the most proper for commanding the ,notes1 and he who is not well skilled to manage his ,bell at a ,set-,pull1 will be apt to drop or overturn it1 be in a ,wood1 and fruitlessly toil and moil himself4 ,therefore in practising the ,setting of a ,bell1 cast your ,eye about the other ,bell-,ropes1 during your managing your own1 that you may accustome your selfe to manage it according to the ,change4 #b4 ,for ,ringing at a ,low ,compass1 is thus observed3 ,by keeping a due punctum or beat of ,time1 in the successive striking one after another of every ,bell2 the best ,ringer being set to the ,treble1 that may guide and direct the rest of the ,notes in their due ,measure4 #c4 ,for ,ceasing a ,peal of ,bells2 ,let them fall gradually from a set ,peal1 checking them only at ,sally1 till the low ,compass renders it useless2 and when so low1 that for want of ,compass1 they can scarce strike at ,back-stroak2 then let the ,treble-,ringer stamp1 as a ,signal1 to notify1 that the next time they come to strike at the ,fore-stroke1 to check them down1 to hinder their striking the ,back-stroke2 yet ,fore-stroke continued1 till brought to a neat and gracefull ,chime1 which may be the ,finis to that ,peal4 ,thus much in short1 for ,raising1 ,round-,ringing1 and ,ceasing a ,peal of ,bells2 ,i come next to lead you forth into that spacious ,field of ,variety of ,changes1 and present you with ,instructions that may be meerly necessary1 for the right ,understanding the several kinds of them4 ,now in ,ringing ,changes1 two of our best ,senses1 are to be employed1 viz4 ,the ,ear1 and the ,eye3 ,the ,ear1 ,hearing when to make a ,change2 and the ,eye directing the ,bell in making it3 ,the ,bells being the ,object of the ,former1 and the ,bell-,ropes the ,object of the ,latter4 ,and to render both the ,eye and ,ear ,usefull in ,ringing ,changes1 these ,five things are throughly to be ,understood ,first4 ,endeavour to distinguish the ,notes of a ,peal of ,bells1 one from another while ,ringing4 ,secondly1 ,learn to apprehend the ,places of the ,notes4 ,thirdly1 ,understand the ,precendency of ,notes4 ,fourthly1 ,how to make a ,change in ,ringing4 ,fifthly1 and ,lastly4 ,how to ,practise the four fore-going ,notions in ,general4 #a4 ,to know the ,notes of a ,peal of ,bells asunder 7which is easy in ,round-,ringing7 in ,changes is thus3 ,get the skill of ,tuning them with your ,voice1 by imitating their ,notes while ,ringing4 ,or if you are acquainted1 either by your self or ,friend1 with some ,singing-master1 or one who has skill in ,singing1 get him to instruct you in the true ,pitch of any ,note1 and aid your distinguishing them2 otherwise you may be puzzled in this1 to know which is ,treble1 which ,second1 c4 as in #ecbfda1 c4 #b4 ,to know the ,places of the ,notes1 is no way better to be apprehended than thus3 ,the ,practitioner ought to form an ,idea in his ,head of the ,place of each ,note1 whether in a direct ,line1 or ,obliquely2 and representing them by a ,figure in his mind1 see 7as it were7 by the ,eye of his ,understanding each stroke of the ,bell1 as the ,treble1 #a4 ,second #b4 ,third #c4 c4 so that as the ,ear is to direct him1 when to make the ,change1 so a right ,apprehension of the ,motion and ,places of the ,notes1 ought to be a means to guide his ,ear4 #c4 ,the ,precedency of ,notes1 is of a very ,obvious ,demonstration2 thus3 ,in ,ringing ,changes1 the ,fore and ,back-stroke1 successively following one another1 are properly said to ,lye behind one another1 according to their places of striking4 ,or in short1 in #abcde4 the ,note that leads either at ,fore or ,back-stroak1 is said to ,lye before the rest1 and the last to be behind4 ,as the #b is said to lye behind the #a1 so it lyeth before the #c1 as the #c lyeth behind the #b1 so it lyeth before the #d4 ,and so of as many as are ,rung4 #d4 ,the manner of making a ,change1 is very common1 and needs no particular1 but general ,rule2 ,that it is made by moving one ,note into anothers place1 ,up and ,down1 as ,occasion requires2 but all usually made by two ,notes standing one next the other1 as hereafter may be ,observed4 ,lastly1 ,in your ,ringing ,changes1 these two things 7in which consists the practick part of this ,art7 are to be rightly considered4 ,first1 ,readily to know which two ,bells are to make the succeeding ,change4 ,and ,secondly1 to consider 7if you are concern'd in it7 what ,bell you are to follow in making it4 ,to understand which the more perfectly1 you must imprint in your memory1 the ,method of the ,changes prick'd in ,figures1 and to be expert likewise in setting them down divers wayes1 and making any ,figure a ,hunt at ,pleasure2 and thus without pausing or hesitating to consider the ,course1 you may throughly understand the ,methods2 the ,four preceding ,observations being first perfectly understood4 ,there are two wayes of ,ringing ,changes1 viz4 ,by ,walking them1 as the ,artists stile it2 or by ,whole-pulls1 or ,half-pulls3 ,walking is1 when in one ,change the ,bells go round1 ,four1 ,six1 or ,eight times2 which is a most incomparable way to improve a young ,practitioner1 by giving him time to consider1 which two ,bells do make the next succeeding ,change1 and in making it1 what ,bell each is to follow2 so that by this means 7by his industry7 he may be capable of ,ringing at ,whole-,pulls2 ,which is1 when the ,bells go round in a ,change at fore and back-stroke2 and a new ,change is made every time they are pulled down at ,sally3 ,this an ,ancient ,practice1 but is now laid aside1 since we have learnt a more advantageous way of hanging our ,bells1 that we can manage a ,bell with more ease at a ,set-,pull than formerly3 ,so that ,ringing at ,half-,pulls is now the modern general ,practice2 that is1 ,when one ,change is made at ,fore-,stroke1 another at ,back-,stroke1 c4 ,i have one ,thing more to add in these introductory ,rules1 and that in short is this3 ,he that ,rings the slowest ,hunt1 ought to notify the extreme ,changes2 which is1 when the ,leading ,bell is pulling down1 that he might make the ,change next before the ,extreme1 he ought to say1 ,extreme4 ,by this means1 betwixt the ,warning and the ,extreme there will be one compleat ,change4 ,of ,changes1 c4 ,there are two kinds of ,changes1 viz4 ,plain ,changes1 and ,cross-,peals2 which ,terms do denote the ,nature of them2 for as the first is stiled ,plain1 so are its ,methods easy2 and as the second is called ,cross1 so are its ,methods cross and intricate3 ,the ,first have a general ,method1 in which all the ,notes 7except ,three7 have a direct ,hunting-,course1 moving gradually under each other1 plainly and uniformly3 ,plain are likewise termed single ,changes1 because there is but one single ,change made in the striking all the ,notes round1 either at fore or back-stroke4 ,but the ,second is various1 each ,peal differing in its ,course from all others2 and in ,cross-,peals as many ,changes may be made as the ,notes will permit4 ,in short1 as to ,plain-,changes1 ,i shall not dilate on them here1 it being so plainly understood by every one that lately have rung a ,bell in peal2 ,all therefore ,i shall add is this1 ,that any two ,notes that strike next together may make a ,change1 which may be done either single or double1 as you list4 ,the single1 by changing ,two ,notes2 and the ,double1 by changing ,four1 i4 e4 ,two to make one ,change1 and two another2 which is however called ,one double ,change1 and not two ,changes2 because tis made in striking the ,notes of the ,bells once round4 ,for the rest1 common ,observation and ,practice bids me stop here1 and demands a ,clearing those dark ,intricacies which attend ,cross-,peals4 ,of ,cross-,peals4 ,art1 being a curious ,searcher and ,enquirer into the hidden and abstruse ,arcana's of ,difficulties1 having found out that dark and remote ,corner of ,obscurity1 wherein the nature of these ,cross-,peals lay at first invelopped1 has exhibited by its ,proselytes the ensuing ,demonstrations of that which before lay mantled up in ,doubt3 ,and to effect this1 these ,favourites of ,art have1 like ingenious ,architects1 made ,order and ,method the ,basis1 on which the whole ,structure depends3 ,for in these ,cross-,peals we must observe the prime ,movement1 which sets the whole ,frame a going1 and that is called the ,hunt1 which hath ,one constant ,uniform ,motion throughout the ,peal1 and different from that of the other ,notes2 and indeed by this the whole ,course of the ,peal is ,steered4 ,this keeps a continual motion through the other ,notes1 i4 e4 ,from ,leading1 to strike behind1 and from thence again to ,lead2 which is called one compleat ,course4 ,some ,peals upon five ,bells consist of single ,courses1 wherein are ten ,changes1 and twelve ,courses make the ,peal4 ,others upon ,five1 consist of ,double ,courses1 wherein are twenty ,changes to every ,course1 and six ,courses in the ,peal4 ,upon six ,bells there are likewise single and double ,courses1 viz4 ,twelve ,changes in every single ,course1 as in ,grandsire ,bob1 c4 and ,twenty-four ,changes in every ,double ,course1 as in ,colledge ,bobs1 that being the first ,change of every ,course1 wherein the ,hunt leaves ,leading3 ,in short1 judiciously observe the first ,course of any ,cross-,peal1 and you will soon see the general ,method of the whole ,peal3 ,all ,courses in ,cross-,peals agreeing in these following three ,respects4 ,first1 ,in the motion of the ,hunt4 ,secondly1 ,in the motion of the rest of the ,notes3 ,and ,thirdly1 ,in making the ,changes4 ,which three things being well 7to omit ,instances of ,demonstration7 and narrowly observed1 will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing ,courses2 the first and third for directing you in ,pricking them1 and the first and second in ,ringing them4 ,there is one ,difficulty to be removed e're ,i can come to prick down those ,peals ,i design to be the ,subject of the ,discourse of this ,epitome1 and that is1 ,how to make the first ,changes at the beginning of each ,peal2 ,i mean to make the ,second1 ,third1 ,fourth1 c4 whole ,hunts2 and this in short is thus directed3 ,in any ,cross-,peal the ,whole ,hunt may move either up or down at the beginning2 and the ,motion of the ,whole ,hunt1 in the first ,course of each of the following ,peals1 will direct the first ,motion of any ,cross-hunt1 and by ,consequence of making the first ,changes in that ,peal4 ,taking along with you this ,observation4 ,that whensoever the first ,change of any ,peal happens to be single1 it must be made at the back-stroke1 to prevent cutting ,compass2 and the like when a double ,change happens first in a ,peal of ,triples and doubles3 ,but when it happens1 that the first ,change is made at the ,back-stroke1 then ,consequently the ,bells at the end of the ,peal will come round at a ,fore-stroke ,change4 ,i shall omit speaking to any of the several ,peals on four or five ,bells2 for that in my ,opinion little ,musick is heard1 though much practical ,observation is made1 from them2 and therefore shall begin with ,grandsire-,bob1 as having mentioned it but just before in my general ,view ,i made of ,cross-,peals4 ,grandsire ,bob4 ,bob ,changes take their ,name from this1 viz4 ,when the ,treble leads in the ,second and ,third1 and the ,fifth and ,sixth's places1 then they are called ,bob-,changes4 ,in ,ringing which you are to observe these ,rules1 viz4 ,whatsoever ,bells you follow when you ,hunt up1 the same ,bells in the same order you must follow in ,hunting down2 as in the ,changes here prickt1 where the ,treble hunting up ,first follow ,second1 then ,fourth1 and then ,sixth2 when it comes behind1 ,first follows ,second1 in hunting down ,fourth2 and when hunted up follows ,sixth in the same ,order3 ,the like may be observed in ,ringing any other ,bell1 with this ,difference betwixt the ,whole-hunt and the rest1 viz4 ,every time the ,whole-hunt leaves the ,treble's place1 and hunts up1 it followeth different ,bells from what it did at its first hunting up4 ,in the ensuing ,peal here prickt are ,eighteen-score ,changes1 wanting one4 ,it may be ,rung with any ,hunts1 and begin the ,changes ,triple and ,double3 ,you may make your ,extreme at the first1 second1 or third single ,bob2 or the first1 second1 or third time1 that the half and quarter-hunts dodg behind2 the single must be made behind in either of these4 #abcdef ------ #badcfe #bdafce #dbfaec #dfbeac #fdebca #fedcba #efcdab #ecfadb #ceafbd #caebfd #acbedf #acebfd #cabedf #cbadef #bcdafe #bdcfae #dbfcea #dfbeca #fdebac #fedabc #efadcb #eafcdb #aecfbd #aefcdb #eacfbd #ecabfd #cebadf #cbedaf #bcdefa #bdcfea #dbfcae #dfbace #fdabec #fadebc #afedcb bob4 #aefdbc #eadfcb #edacfb #decabf #dcebaf #cdbefa #cbdfea #bcfdae #bfcade #fbaced #fabecd #afebdc #afbecd #faebdc #feadbc #efdacb #edfcab #decfba #dcebfa #cdbeaf #cbdaef #bcadfe #bacfde #abfced #abcfde #bafced #bfaecd #fbeadc #febdac #efdbca #edfcba #decfab #dceafb #cdaebf #cadbef #acbdfe #acdbef #cabdfe #cbafde #bcfaed #bfcead #fbecda #febdca #efdbac #edfabc #deafcb #daecfb #adcebf bob4 #acdefb #caedbf #ceabdf #ecbafd #ebcfad #befcda #bfedca #fbdeac #fdbaec #dfabce #dafcbe #adcfeb bob4 #acdfbe #cafdeb #cfaedb #fceabd #fecbad #efbcda #ebfdca #bedfac #bdeafc #dbaecf #dabcef #adcbfe #adbcef ------ #abdecf #abedfc ------ #aebfdc #aefbcd ------ #afecbd #afcedb ------ #acfdeb bob4 #afcdbe ------ #acfbde #acbfed ------ #abcefd #abecdf ------ #aebdcf #aedbfc ------ #adefbc bob4 #aedfcb ------ #adecfb bob4 #aedcbf ------ #adebcf #adbefc ------ #abdfec #abfdce ------ #afbcde #afcbed ------ #acfebd #acefdb ------ #aecdfb bob4 #acedbf ------ #aecbdf #aebcfd ------ #abefcd #abfedc ------ #afbdec #afdbce ------ #adfcbe bob4 #afdceb ------ #adfecb bob4 #afdebc ------ #adfbec #adbfce ------ #abdcfe ------ #abcdef ------ ,thus much for the ,grandsire-,bob2 ,i shall next collect what ,london ,peals ,i think most ,harmonious1 and agreeable1 without troubling my self to go to ,oxford1 or ,nottingham1 or ,redding1 to enquire after their different ,methods of ,peales1 as indeed needless2 and my reason is this3 ,because ,i think the same ,rules for ,peales that are suitable to our ,london ,genius1 may challenge likewise an ,acceptance amongst other ,cities2 provided their ,steeples are furnished with as many1 and as good ,bells1 and their ,belfree's with as ingenious and elaborate ,ringers as here in ,london4 ,i shall begin then with ,peales upon ,six ,bells1 and herein in order1 measure out the ,delights on ,peals from ,six to ,eight ,bells1 and setting out early1 present you with ,the ,morning ,exercise4 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,the whole ,hunt is the ,treble1 which ,hunteth up into the ,second1 ,third1 and ,fourth places1 lying twice in each2 and then lyeth still in the ,sixth place1 having dodged behind1 and makes another1 and then ,hunts down as it ,hunted up1 and then leads four times4 ,observing the manner of its ,pricking1 and its ,practice1 may excuse any further defining it4 #abcdef ------ #bacdfe #bacdef #bcadfe #bcadef #bcdafe #bcdaef #bdceaf #bdcefa #bdecaf #bdecfa #bedfca #bedfac #befdca #befdac #bfeadc #bfeacd #bfaedc printed as3 #bfeadc #bfaecd #bafedc #bafecd #abfedc #abfecd #afbedc #afbecd ------ #afdceb #afdcbe bob4 #afcdeb #afcdbe ------ #afebdc #afebcd #aefbdc #aefbcd ------ #aedcbf #aedcfb bob4 #aecdbf #aecdfb ------ #aebfdc #aebfcd #abefdc #abefcd ------ #abdcfe #abdcef #adbcfe #adbcef ------ #adfecb #adfebc bob4 #adefcb #adefbc ------ #adcbfe #adcbef #acdbfe #acdbef ------ #acfebd #acfedb bob4 #acefbd #acefdb ------ #acbdfe #acbdef #abcdfe #abcdef ------ ,this will go a #abj ,changes1 and by making ,bobs1 #bdj1 #cfj1 #gbj4 ,a ,cure for ,melancholy4 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,i should think it needless to explain the method of prick'd ,peales1 and give a large ,definition of them1 when their plain ,demonstration might be sufficient2 ,however1 as the ,old ,phrase is1 ,because 'tis usual1 something shall be said of this too4 ,the ,treble is the whole ,hunt1 as in the former1 and leads four times1 and lyeth behind as many1 and twice in every other place2 the two ,bells in the #c;d4 add #dth4 places continue dodging1 when the ,treble moves out of the #dth4 place2 untill it comes down there again1 and then the two hindmost dodge1 till the ,treble displaceth them2 who maketh every double ,change1 except when it lieth behind1 and then the double is on the four first1 and on the four last when it leads4 ,every ,single 7except when the ,treble lies there7 is in the #eth4 and #fth4 places2 or if possessed by the ,treble1 then in the #c;d4 and #dth4 places3 ,every ,bell 7except the ,treble7 lies four times in the ,second place3 ,but enough2 a word is enough to the ,wise4 ,see it here ,deciphered4 #abcdef ------ #bacdfe #bacdef #bcadfe #bcadef #bcdafe #bcdaef #bdceaf #bdecaf #bdcefa #bdecfa #dbcefa #dbecfa #dbceaf #dbecaf #debacf #debafc #deabcf #deabfc #daebcf #daebfc #adebcf #adebfc #adbecf #adbefc ------ #aefdbc #aefdcb bob4 #afedbc #afedcb ------ #adcfeb #adcfbe bob4 #acdfeb #acdfbe ------ #afbcde #afbced #afcbde #afcbed ------ #abefcd #abefdc #abfecd #abfedc ------ #aedbfc #aedbcf #aebdfc #aebdcf ------ #adcebf #adcefb bob4 #acdebf #acdefb ------ #aefdbc #aefdcb bob4 #afedbc #afedcb ------ #acbfed #acbfde #acfbed #acfbde ------ #abdcfe #abdcef #abcdfe #abcdef ------ ,this will go ,six-score ,changes1 but by making bobs1 it will go #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,the bob is a double ,change at the leading of the ,treble1 in which the ,bell in the #dth ,place lyeth still4 ,london ,nightingale1 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,the ,whole-,hunt is the ,treble1 who lyeth four times before1 and as many behind1 and twice in every other place3 ,the two hind bells continue dodging1 when the ,treble moves down out of the ,fifth place1 till he comes there again1 the bell in the ,fourth place lying still all the while3 ,when the two hind bells aforesaid leave dodging1 then the two ,first bells take their dodging places1 till dispossessed again1 by the return of the said ,hind bells to their dodging2 and then they ,cease4 #abcdef ------ #bacdfe #bacdef #bcadfe #bcadef #bcdafe #bcdaef #bdceaf #dbceaf #bdcefa #dbcefa #bdecfa #dbecfa #bdecaf #dbecaf #debacf #debafc #deabcf #deabfc #daebcf #daebfc #adebcf #adebfc #aedbcf #aedbfc ------ #abfedc #abfecd #afbedc #afbecd ------ #aecfbd #aecfdb bob4 #aefcbd #aefcdb ------ #acdefb #acdebf bob4 #acedfb #acedbf ------ #adbcef #adbcfe #abdcef #abdcfe ------ #acfbde #acfbed #afcbde #afcbed ------ #abefcd #abefdc #aebfcd #aebfdc printed as3 #aebfcd ------ #afdebc #afdecb bob4 #afedbc #afedcb ------ #adcfeb #adcfbe bob4 #adfceb #adfcbe ------ #acbdfe #acbdef #abcdfe #abcdef ------ ,this will go #abj1 and by making bobs1 #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,colledge ,bobs4 ,in this bob1 when the ,treble leaves the two ,hind bells1 they dodge till it comes there again1 and till the ,treble gives way for the dodging again of the said two ,hind bells1 the two ,first bells dodge1 but after ,cease dodging1 when the two ,hind bells dodge4 #abcdef ------ #badcfe #abdcef #bacdfe #bcadef #cbdafe #cbadef #bcdafe #bdcfae #dbfcea #bdfcae #dbcfea #bdfcea #dbcfae #bdcfea #dbfcae #dfbace #fdabec #fdbace #dfabec #dafbce #adbfec #dabfce #adfbec #adbfce #dafbec #adfbce #dabfec #dbafce #bdfaec #bdafce #dbfaec #dfbeac c4 #afedcb bob4 #aefdbc ------ #adcebf bob4 #acdefb ------ #aebcfd #aecbdf ------ #abfedc #abefcd ------ #afdbce #afbdec ------ #adcfeb bob4 #acdfbe ------ #afecbd bob4 #aefcdb ------ #acbedf #acebfd ------ #abdcfe #abcdef ------ ,another4 ,here1 every bell1 when it comes to lead1 makes a dodge before1 then after one ,change1 it lyeth still2 after it has made another dodge1 it moves up into the #dth4 place1 where twice it lyeth still2 and down again2 except the ,treble happens to dodge with it in the #dth4 place1 then it ,hunts up behind4 ,when the ,treble moves down out of the #c;d4 place1 the two bells in the #c;d4 and #dth4 place continue there1 till the ,treble comes up thither again1 the two hind bells dodging in the mean time4 #abcdef ------ #badcfe #abdcef #bacdfe #bcafde #cbfaed #bcafed #cbfade #cfbdae #fcdbea #cfdbae #fcbdea #fbceda #bfecad #fbecda #bfcead #bcfaed #cbafde #bcfade #cbafed #cabefd #acebdf #caebfd #acbedf #acebfd #cabedf #acbefd #caebdf #ceadbf #ecdafb #ceadfb #ecdabf c4 #aecfbd bob4 #acefdb ------ #aecdfb bob4 #acedbf ------ #aecbdf #aebcfd ------ #abefcd #abfedc ------ #afbdec #afdbce ------ #adfcbe bob4 #afdceb ------ #adfecb bob4 #afdebc ------ #adfbec #adbfce ------ #abdcfe #abcdef ------ ,both these bobs will go ,one ,hundred and ,twenty ,changes1 and by making of bobs1 they will go1 #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,and thus with little ,variation1 there are other bobs may be made after the same manner1 and afford as ,admirable ,musick1 as possibly can be made on bells4 ,i shall therefore hasten to finish this dayes ,work1 only first present you with this one more called1 ,the ,city ,delight3 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,the whole ,hunt is the ,treble1 and lieth as before in the ,nightingale3 ,when the ,treble moves out of the #c;d4 place1 the ,singles are made in the #b;d4 and #c;d4 places1 till the ,treble repossesses his #c;d place1 and then behind1 till it moves up again out of the #c;d4 place4 ,the two ,hind bells dodge1 when the ,treble moves out of the #dth4 place1 till he returns again2 the bell in the #dth4 place lying still all the while4 #abcdef ------ #bacdfe #bacdef #bcadfe #bcadef #bcdafe #bcdaef #bdcaef #bcdfae #bdcfae #bdfcea #bfdcea #bdfeca #bfdcea #bfedac #befdac #bfeadc #befadc #beafcd #beafdc #baefcd #baefdc #abefcd #abefdc #aebfcd #aebfdc ------ #aedcbf #aedcfb bob4 #aecdbf #aecdfb ------ #aefbcd #aefbdc #afebcd #afebdc ------ #afdceb #afdcbe bob4 #afcdeb #afcdbe ------ #afbecd #afbedc #abfecd #abfedc ------ #abdcfe #abdcef #adbcfe #adbcef ------ #adefbc #adefcb bob4 #adfebc #adfecb ------ #adcbfe #adcbef #acdbfe #acdbef ------ #acefdb #acefbd bob4 #acfedb #acfebd ------ #acbdfe #acbdef #abcdfe #abcdef ------ ,this will go as many ,changes as the last mentioned1 by making bobs4 ,and here ,i will shut up this dayes ,peal1 upon ,six ,bells with ,the ,evening ,delight4 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,the ,whole-,hunt is the ,treble1 and lyes as before specified1 with this exception only3 ,that it dodges in the #b;d4 and #c;d4 places1 every time it ,hunts up1 and down4 ,observe when ,treble goes to lead1 and leaves of leading1 the bells in the #c;d4 and #dth4 places lye still1 c4 ,note the pricking this ,peal4 #abcdef ------ #bacdfe #bcadfe #bacfde #bcafde #bcfaed #bfcaed #bcfead #bfcead #bfecad #befcda #bfedca #befdca #bedfac #bdefac #bedafc #bdeafc #bdaecf #badecf #bdacef #badcef #abdcfe #adbcfe #abdfce #adbfce ------ #adfbec #afdbce bob4 #adfbec #afdbce ------ #afbdec #abfdec bob4 #afbdce #abfdce ------ #abdfec #adbfec #abdefc #adbefc ------ #adebcf #aedbcf #adecbf #aedcbf ------ #aecdfb #acedfb #aecfdb #acefdb ------ #acfebd #afcebd bob4 #acfedb #afcedb ------ #afecbd #aefcbd bob4 #afecdb #aefcdb ------ #aecfbd #acefbd #aecbfd #acebfd ------ #acbedf #abcedf #acbdef #abcdef ------ ,this ,peal will go #abj ,changes1 and by making bobs1 as many as above4 ,note that in all the foregoing ,peals upon ,six bells1 the bobs are double ,changes1 and made alwayes at the leadings of the ,whole-,hunt4 ,he that ,rings the ,half-,hunt1 may best call bob in all ,peales4 ,i come now to the ,changes upon ,seven bells1 which though the seldom ,practice of them might excuse my omitting them2 yet because ,i promised to say somewhat of them1 ,i shall be as good as my ,word1 7the ,character of an ,honest man7 and present you with a couple of ,examples1 and then proceed to ,peales upon ,eight3 ,but this ,i must crave leave to premise1 ,that ,variety of ,changes may be prick'd upon ,seven bells1 as ,triples1 and ,doubles1 ,triples ,doubles1 and ,single ,doubles1 c4 and the same ,methods may be prick'd upon ,seven1 as may be upon ,five1 the true difference of ,proportion being observed2 but to proceed4 ,dodging ,triples4 ,triples and ,doubles1 and indeed all ,peals upon ,six1 may likewise go upon ,seven ,bells1 thus1 #abcdefg ------- #badcegf #bdaecfg #dbeacgf #debcafg #edcbfag #debcfga #edcbgfa #debcgaf #edcbagf #ecdabfg #ceadbgf #caebdfg #acbedgf #acebgdf ,plain ,triples4 #abcdefg ------- #badcfeg #bdafcge #dbfagce #dfbgaec #fdgbeac #fgdebca #gfedcba #gefcdab #egcfadb #ecgafbd #ceagbfd #caebgdf #acbedgf ,in this all the ,bells have a ,hunting ,course4 ,colledge ,triples1 dodging before1 and behind4 #abcdefg ------- #badcegf #bdaecfg printed as3 #bdaeceg #dbeacgf #bdecafg #dbcefag #bdcfega #dbfcgea #bdfgcae #dbgface #bdgafec #dbagfce #dabfgec #adfbgce #adfgbec #dagfbce #dgabfec #gdbafce #dgbfaec #gdfbeac #dgfebca ,this ,peal thus prick't1 will go1 #hd ,changes1 and the ,treble leading1 and the ,half ,hunt lying next it1 and a parting ,change 7which is a ,double on the four middlemost of the ,six hind ,bells7 being made1 it will go #dbj1 and by making bobs1 #ejdj4 ,thus much shall suffice for ,peales upon ,seven ,bells1 ,i proceed to ,changes upon ,eight4 ,peals of ,eight ,bells4 ,without amusing our selves with what ,notes are most ,musical1 to lye behind1 we will come to the matter of ,fact2 for those ,methods of ,peals that are prick't on ,six1 may be the same upon ,eight1 ,observing only1 that ,triples and ,doubles upon ,six1 must be ,quadruples1 and ,triples upon ,eight4 ,doubles upon ,six1 must be ,triples upon ,eight1 c4 ,now then to our purpose of ,demonstration2 ,we generally give preference to things1 as they are dignified with some eminent ,title1 and are ready to suppose they may have something more than ordinary1 that merits such ,esteem1 whereof the ,title is but a ,sign1 or ,token2 which ,custome induced me to head my ,discourse upon ,changes on ,eight ,bells1 with that which carries the most ,swelling ,title4 ,the ,imperial ,bob3 ,quadruples and ,triples4 ,the ,treble hath a dodging ,course1 the two first1 and two last ,bells always dodge1 till hindred by the ,treble1 the two next to these1 lying still one ,change1 dodge the next1 till the ,treble hinders them too4 ,those in the #eth4 and #fth4 places dodge 7the ,treble being behind7 and those in the #c;d4 and #dth4 places likewise dodge 7the ,treble being before7 and so till hindered by the ,treble4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #abcdfegh #badcfehg #bdacfegh #dbcaefhg #bdacefgh #dbcafehg #bdcfaegh #dbfceahg #bdfcaegh #dbcfeahg #bdfcehag #dbcfhega #bdcfehag #dbfchega #bdcfehga #dbfcheag #bdfcehga #dbcfheag #bdfchaeg #dbcfahge #bdcfhaeg #dbfcahge #bdfacheg #dbafhcge #bdfahceg #dbafcheg #dabfhceg #adfbchge #dabfcheg #adfbhcge #adbfcheg #dafbhcge #adbfhceg #dafbchge #dfabhceg #fdbachge #dfabcheg #fdbahcge #dfbhaceg c4 #afhdgbec #afdhbgce -------- #ahgfedcb bob4 #aghfdebc -------- #afegchbd bob4 #aefghcdb -------- #agcebfdh #agecfbhd -------- #acbgdehf #acgbedfh -------- #abdchgfe #abcdghef -------- #adhbfceg #adbhcfge -------- #ahfdebgc #ahdfbecg -------- #afehgdcb bob4 #aefhdgcb -------- #ahgecfbd bob4 #aghefcdb -------- #aecgbhdf #aegchbfd -------- #acbedgfh #acebgdhf -------- #abdcfehg #abcdefgh -------- ,by this method1 the ,peal will go #bbd ,changes1 and by making of ,bobs it will go #ddh1 #fgb1 #acdd4 ,the ,bob is a ,triple ,change at the ,leading of the ,treble1 wherein the ,bell in the ,fourth place lies still4 ,the next that comes to our ,observation1 and answers to what we first hinted at in the beginning of this discourse of ,peals upon ,eight ,bells ,i mean ,precedency in ,title1 is the ,bob ,major4 ,plain ,quadruples and ,triples4 ,in this all the ,bells have a direct ,hunting ,course1 until the ,treble leads1 and then the six hindmost ,bells dodge4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #bdafcheg #dbfahcge #dfbhagce #fdhbgaec #fhdgbeac #hfgdebca #hgfedcba #ghefcdab #gehcfadb #egchafbd #ecgahbfd #ceagbhdf #caebgdhf #acbedgfh #caebgdhf ,by this method this will go #aab4 ,and by making ,bobs1 #bbd1 #ccf1 or #fgb4 ,the ,bob is a ,triple ,change1 as in the foregoing ,imperial is specified4 ,by making two ,extreams it will go #acdd1 and with four ,extreams1 #bfhh4 ,all ,peals upon six ,bells1 wherein half the ,changes are ,triples1 will go upon ,eight according the method before-going1 thus2 ,if it be a ,peal upon ,six1 consisting of #cfj1 or #gbj ,changes1 then there must be five ,hunts in the ,ringing of it upon ,eight1 the ,treble being the first1 #b the ,second1 c4 ,colledge ,bob ,major4 ,quadruples and ,triples4 ,there is four wayes of ,pricking these4 ,the first hath single ,dodging behind1 and is thus ,peal'd4 ,the ,first4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #bdafcegh #dbfaechg #dfbeacgh #fdebcahg #fedcbhag #efcdhbga #ecfhdgba #cehfgdab #chegfadb #hcgeafbd #hgcaefdb #ghacfebd #gahfcedb #agfhecbd #afgehcdb ,the ,second4 ,this hath ,single ,dodging before and behind1 thus prickt4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #bdafcegh #dbfaechg #bdfeacgh #dbefcahg #bdecfhag #dbcehfga #bdchegfa #dbhcgeaf #bdhgcaef #dbghacfe #bdgahcef #dbagchfe #dabcghef #adcbhgfe #acdhbgef ,the ,third4 ,this hath double ,dodging behind1 thus ,prickt4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #bdacefgh #dbcafehg #dcbfaegh #cdfbeahg #cfdebhag #fcedhbga #fechdgba #efhcgdab #ehfgcadb #hegfacbd #hgbafcdb #ghaecfbd #gahefcdb #agehcfbd #aeghfcdb ,the ,fourth4 ,this hath double ,dodging before and behind both thus4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #bdacefgh #dbcafehg #bdcfaegh #dbfceahg #bdcfehag #dbfchega #bdcfhgea #dbfcghae #bdcfgahe #dbfcageh #bdfacghe #dbafgceh #dabfcghe #adfbgceh #afdbcghe ,these may be prick't several other wayes1 but that ,i ,omit here for ,brevities sake2 ,the ,dodging is without ,intermission1 except an hinderance comes by the ,treble2 as likewise between two ,bells1 until ,treble parts the ,fray4 ,the ,bobs are ,triple ,changes1 as the ,treble leads2 in the #ast4 #b;d4 and #fth4 the ,bell in the #dth4 place lies still at the ,bobs1 and in the #c;d4 #dth4 and #eth4 that in the #b;d4 place lies still4 ,each of these will go #aab ,changes1 and by making ,bobs #bbd1 #ccf1 or #fgb4 ,colledge ,triples ,dodging both before and behind4 ,this ,peal is the same for ,bobs1 as the ,bob ,major1 and will go as many ,changes by making ,bobs1 or otherwise1 as any of the foregoing ,four1 and is thus ,peal'd4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #bdaecfgh #dbeacfhg #bdecafgh #dbecfahg #bdefchag #dbefhcga #bdehfgca #dbehgfac #bdeghafc #dbegahcf #bdeaghfc #dbaeghcf #dabgehfc #adgbehcf #agdebhfc ,the ,wild-,goose ,chace ,triples4 ,the ,explanation shall follow the ,peal2 intending here to put an end to my ,epitome of the ,art of ,ringing1 and therefore shall first present you with this ,prick't thus4 #abcdefgh -------- #baecfghd #beafcgdh #ebfacghd #efbcagdh #fecbgahd #fcegbhad #cfgehbda #cgfbedha #gcbfedah #gbcefadh #bgecafhd #begacfdh #ebagcfhd #eabcgfdh #aecbgfhd #acegbfdh #cagebfhd #cgabefdh #gcbaefhd #gbceafdh ,in this ,change the #dth4 ,bell must first hunt up into the ,sevenths place1 and then the #d and #h alwayes dodge behind throughout the ,peal1 unless when obstructed by the ,treble4 ,the ,bell that moves up into the #fth4 place1 when the ,treble moves thence down1 lies still there1 till displaced by the ,treble2 during which time the two hind ,bells dodge1 and the five first go a perfect ,hunting-,course3 ,and when likewise the ,treble moveth out the #eth4 place the five first ,bells go a ,hunting-,course1 till it comes down there again3 ,by this method it will go #hj ,changes1 and by ,bobs #afj1 #bdj1 or #dhj4 ,the ,bob is made as in the foregoing ,changes4 ,and here ,i thought to make an end of the ,art of ,ringing1 but ,cynthius aurem vellit1 the young ,practitioner1 whose only ,information is hereby aimed at1 plucks me by the ,sleeve1 and tells me in the ,ear1 ,that tho ,peals upon six1 as ,triples and ,doubles1 c4 make excellent ,musick upon ,eight ,bells1 #d #h1 #f #h1 #d #a1 or #a #h lying behind3 ,or1 ,triples and ,doubles upon the six middle ,bells1 the ,tennor lying behind2 yet for him who is not arrived to such a perfection of ,skill1 at to ,ring these compleat ,peals1 the most proper and easy for him are ,set-,changes1 which are founded on these ,grounds4 ,first1 ,placing the ,bells ,fifths2 thus3 ,the #d must hunt up behind the #g1 the #c1 behind the #f1 and the #b behind the #e2 ,or the one may hunt down under the other1 as the #e under the #b1 the #f under #c1 and #g under #d3 ,or if you will1 first let a ,single1 next a ,double1 and then a ,triple ,change be made on the ,middle ,bells1 all coming to the same effect2 for then the ,changes will lye ,fifths thus1 #a #e1 #b #f1 #c #g1 #d #h4 ,in the ,peal four ,concords are to be regarded1 ,the first #a #e2 the second #b #f4 the third #c #g4 and the fourth #d #h4 ,these four ,concords may go the ,methods of any ,changes upon four ,bells2 #a1 #e being taken for the ,treble2 #b1 #f for the ,second2 #c1 #g for the ,third2 and #d1 #h for the ,fourth2 and the ,concords may ,change places with one another1 as you list4 ,in which this ,observation is highly necessary1 ,that the two ,notes of every ,concord must constantly attend each other in their ,motion2 that is1 whenever one of the two ,notes moves1 the other must follow it4 ,or ,secondly1 ,place the ,bells ,thirds2 thus3 ,the #f #d and #b must hunt up1 or else the #c #e #g down2 or otherwise on the middle most ,bells let a ,triple1 ,double or ,single ,change be made1 they are to one effect2 and then the ,bells will lie ,thirds thus1 #a #c4 #e #g4 #b #d4 #f #h4 ,herein are four ,concords observable2 as in the former ,peal1 viz1 #a #c4 #e #g4 #b #d4 #f #h4 ,these ,concords may go the ,methods of any ,changes upon ,four ,bells1 #a1 #c being taken for the ,treble2 #e1 #g for the ,second2 #b1 #d for the third2 and #f1 #h for the fourth2 moving in the same manner as before shewed4 ,by these ,grounds ,variety of excellent ,musical ,changes are to be ,rung2 ,any ,concord may be made a ,hunt1 and to move up and down at the begining4 ,in ,ringing these ,set-,changes1 the ,note will lye sometimes ,fifths1 sometimes ,thirds1 and sometimes both1 and then to ,clam them1 is admirable ,musick3 ,clamming is1 when each ,concord strike together2 which being done true the #h will strike as but four ,bells1 make a ,melodious ,harmony4 ,you may ,clam two or three bouts1 and then strike as many times ,open1 alternatively1 one ,clam one ,pull1 and ,open the next1 c4 ,thus much shall suffice for my treating of ,ringing1 and had not the ,variety of its ,theme1 in which ,i was insensibly engaged1 invited my ,tast of something of every thing3 ,i had not enlarged so much as ,i have2 but ,i hope the pleasure it may produce1 will attone for my dilating on so delightful a ,subject2 ,all ,i have therefore to add is1 some ,advice to the ,ringer1 in the ,lawfull prosecuting this ,recreation2 and that is this4 ,when ,god in ,israels ,exodus out of ,egypt1 commanded ,moses to ,consecrate ,aaron1 and his ,sons1 and invest them with those ,pontificial ,vestments1 according to the ,pattern ,god had cut out1 it is observable1 that the ,robe of the ,ephod1 was with a particular ,circumstance of ,beauty to be ,adorned1 by hanging the ,hem of it with ,golden ,bells1 and ,pomegranates1 each placed in an orderly ,position1 one by another round3 ,this was the first institution we can read of1 for the ,use ,bells in ,sacred ,offices2 but the reason was this3 ,because in ,aarons ,ministration before ,god1 when he entered into the ,holy ,place1 and when he came out1 the ,sound of the ,bells might be heard in the ,temple1 for a ,memorial to the ,children of his ,people4 ,this ,use of ,bells continue in the ,aaronical ,order1 to this day4 ,from hence the ,christian ,church likewise 7of which the ,church under the ,mosaic ,dispensation was but a ,type7 has made ,use of ,bells1 for the notifying the ,time when the ,people are to ,assemble1 and made a ,signal for convocating them together to the ,temple2 and herein differing from the ,mahometans1 in the ,steeples of whose ,temples1 are never found any ,bells1 but ,cryers1 ,persons who with a loud ,voyce call them to ,prayers4 ,now then let us make this ,use of the ,institution of ,bells4 ,first1 ,let not only the ,musick and ,delight the ,bells give thee1 invite thee to come to the ,temple1 to be partaker of that ,pleasure they may afford thy ,body1 but let their ,musick invite thee to come thither when they call thee1 to exercise thy ,soul in ,devotion2 to ,god4 ,do not let thy frequent coming thither on ,week-days for thy ,diversion1 make thee absent thy self on ,sundays from thy ,devotion2 but let their ,original ,use make thee mindful of the ,sanctum ,sanctorum1 the most ,holy ,place4 ,do not let the ,sunday ,mornings ,peal engage thy presence then1 and the ,ale-,house have thy company afterwards4 ,be as quick in hearing the ,chyming for ,prayers1 as thou art in the ,notes for ,pleasure4 ,when ere the ,old-,exchange of ,profit ,rings1 ,her ,silver ,saints-,bell1 of uncertain ,gains1 ,thy ,merchant-soul can stretch both ,legs ,wings1 ,how canst thou run1 and take unwearied ,pains8 ,and shouldst thou not be as nimble1 when the ,saints-bell of the ,church sounds in thy ,ears1 and calls thee to attend the ,priest1 who now signifyes his entrance into the ,holy-place1 and invites thee to joyn with him in the ,sacrifice of ,prayers and ,praises4 ,secondly1 ,nor let the ,bells be made thy ,lullaby1 to drown some ,dissatisfaction1 and so makes thee repair to the ,belfree1 7like the ,nurse to her ,whistle-,bells7 to quiet thy disturbed mind1 and thus 7as the ,divine ,poet excellently expresses it7 to silence it with ,look1 ,look1 ,what's here6 ,a dainty ,golden thing8 ,see how the dancing ,bells turn round1 and ,ring ,to please my ,bantling6 here's a ,knack will breed1 ,an hundred ,kisses2 here's a ,knack indeed1 c4 ,but let the ,altar have thy presence in ,communion with ,god1 in ,prayers for his ,grace1 and ,patience1 to support any ,calamity that may fall upon thee4 ,lastly1 ,let the ,bells put you in mind to contemplate on ,death1 and every time you ,ring1 think how long it may be ere one of these may be your turn to have to sound ,the ,nine sad ,knolls of a ,dull ,passing-,bell1 ,with the loud ,language of a ,nightly ,knell4 ,this in short1 is the use the ,ringer ought to make of this his ,recreation1 which if he makes duly and rightly1 he may then ,lawfully enjoy all the ,benefit he can desire from it4 ,and here ,i shall make an end of this ,observation by way of ,advice to the ,ringer1 which perhaps coming amongst ,recreations may look unseasonable2 ,but ,i know 7at least presume7 if ,i meet with an ingenious ,reader1 ,i shall need no ,apology1 for playing the ,divine1 in the directing the good ,use of our ,pleasures1 and aiming at the furtherance of ,virtue in all our ,actions4 ,thus much for ,ringing4 ,of ,billiards1 ,italy is asserted by universal ,consent1 to have been the ,country whence this ,recreation took its ,birth and ,original2 and indeed 'tis no wonder that she who is called the ,queen or ,empress of the ,world1 the ,mistress of the ,nations1 nay the ,paradise of the ,world1 should yield such ,art and ,ingenuity1 and gentile ,cunning1 as her proper ,product3 ,a ,country whose ,inhabitants for their ,gravity1 ,respectiveness1 and ,ingenuity will ever stand ,chronicled in the ,books of ,fame4 ,a ,people that are obedient to their ,superiors1 ,courteous to their ,inferiors1 full of all ,civility to their ,equals1 ,affable to ,strangers1 and most desirous by all fair and friendly ,offices to win their ,love4 ,in their ,apparel fine and modest1 in their ,furniture of their ,houses sumptuous1 and at their ,tables neat1 sober in ,speech1 ,enemies of all ill ,reports of others1 and so tender of their own ,reputation1 that whosoever ,slanders any one1 and it reach the ,parties ,ear1 the ,slanderer certainly dies for it3 ,thrifty they are generally of their ,money and ,expence1 and love no more ,cost1 than what they are sure to ,save by1 or have great ,thanks for2 but otherwise for civil ,behaviour and ,deportment1 surpassing all the ,gentry of the ,world besides4 ,but one thing ,i dare not omit in this ,character of them1 viz4 ,that they are extream ,jealous of their ,wives2 and indeed not without some reason1 if what is spoken proverbially of their ,women1 be true1 ,that they are as ,magpies at the door1 ,saints in the ,church1 ,goats in the ,garden1 ,devils in the ,house1 ,angels in the ,streets1 and ,syrens at the ,windows2 if ,nature does not make them appear ,beautiful1 ,art shall1 as ,paintings and other sophistical ,helps2 whence comes this ,proverb among them1 ,if ,god make them tall and ,fat 7a goodly ,woman being a ,title of great ,value among them7 they will make themselves fair4 ,in fine1 ,the ,gentry are very ,rich1 live of all ,men the most careless and contented ,lives1 keeping the ,poor as ,drudges and ,slaves for them2 and as it is said of the ,tyrant ,polycrates1 ,have nothing to trouble them1 but that they are troubled with nothing4 ,thus ,i have given you a brief ,character of the ,inventors of this ,recreation we are coming to treat of1 and hence we may presume1 how fit such a ,people as this is1 to give ,birth to such a ,recreation1 so ,gentile1 so ,cleanly1 and so ,ingenious1 that as their ,persons and ,manners are emulously esteemed1 so are their ,pastimes ambitiously pursued1 by most ,nations in ,europe2 and this ,sport is hugely valued by all in general1 few ,noblemen's or private ,gentlemen's ,families1 nor few noted ,towns in ,england1 but have ,billiard ,tables1 and admire the ,excellency of it1 both for the ,exercise of the ,body1 and the ,recreation of the ,mind4 ,but to the ,matter in hand4 ,first then1 ,he that would rightly understand this excellent ,pastime1 must be very careful of the ,form and ,make of the ,table1 and the right ordering1 framing1 and fitting it for the ,game1 which is known by these ensuing ,marks4 #a4 ,the ,form of a ,billiard ,table ought to be ,oblong1 that is to say1 somewhat longer than it is broad2 ,both the length and breadth being left to your ,discretion to make2 proportionable to the ,room you design it for2 ,it ought to be railed round1 and this ,rail or ,ledge a little swelled or stufft with fine ,flox or ,cotton1 that may yield to the ,ball when struck against it1 and expedites rather than deads the ,flight of the ,ball2 though that happens according to the ,violence of the ,stroke or ,push3 ,the ,superficies of the ,table ought to be covered with ,green fine ,cloath1 clean and free from ,knots3 ,the ,board must be levelled as exactly as is possible for the ,eye and ,hand of the most curious ,joyner to ,level1 to the end your ,ball may run true upon any part of the ,table1 without leaning or declining to any side of it3 ,i must confess ,i do believe there are few have been so careful in this last thing1 as they ought1 because they have not timely foreseen1 if the ,boards1 whereof the ,table is made1 be well-seasoned1 and not subject to ,warp1 and that the ,floor whereon it stands be even and level2 so that through the ,ill-seasonedness of the one1 or ,unevennes of the other1 as likewise in time by the weight of the ,table1 and the ,gamesters yielding and giving way1 there are very few found true4 ,and indeed without a ,table be exactly true1 a good ,gamester can never shew the ,excellency of his ,skill and ,art1 but a very ,bungler sometimes1 by being well acquainted with the ,turnings and ,windings of a false ,table1 may beat a good ,gamester with great vexation and shame1 who otherwise would have given him any odds whatsoever4 ,therefore let me tell you1 it will conduce as much to the ,interest of the ,master of the ,house1 where a ,billiard ,table is kept1 to see that it be well and truly levelled and kept1 as it does to the ,pleasure and satisfaction of a good ,gamester1 whose ,skill is best seen and exhibited on such ,tables1 and never comes unattended with ,company and ,profit to the ,house1 by his ,recommendation he gives abroad of it4 ,and now let us proceed to the rest of its parts1 and fit it for our ,play2 and then let's to't as you list4 #b4 ,the four ,corners of the ,table must be furnished with four ,holes1 and exactly in the middle of each side one ,hole1 and these ,holes must be hung at the bottoms with ,nets1 ,which ,holes are named ,hazards1 because if either by ,skill or ,chance one ,gamester strikes anothers ,ball into these ,holes1 or ,hazards1 as we will now call them1 he wins ,one2 the ,nets are made to receive the ,ball1 and keep them from falling to the ,ground when hazarded2 and indeed is a very commendable way1 far better than ,wooden ,boxes which some use1 these being apt to let a ,ball to fly out again1 when they are struck in by a stiff stroke1 whereas the ,nets keep them safe1 and makes it impossible for them to rebound4 #c;dly4 ,the other ,utensils and ,instruments belonging to this first part of our ,observations of the ,billiard ,table1 are #a4 ,an ,ivory ,port1 this must be placed at one end of the ,table4 #b4 ,an ,ivory ,king1 which must stand at the other end4 #c4 ,two ,ivory ,balls1 which must be compleatly round1 or no good proof of your ,play can be expected4 #d4 and ,lastly1 ,two ,sticks made of ,brasile1 ,lignum-,vitae1 or some other weighty ,wood1 to make them heavy1 and at the broad end tipt with ,ivory3 ,and be sure to observe narrowly1 if the ,heads be tight and fast1 for if they should be loose you will never strike a smart stroke2 and therefore if you fear this ,defect1 see if your stroke be hollow and dead1 and your ,ball run faintly1 these are infallible ,tokens that your ,play will come to nothing without a fresh supply of other ,sticks1 or the heads of these fixt4 ,thus much for the ,table1 and all the other ,implements belonging to it1 which are necessary for our first ,enquiry for the right understanding of this ,game1 ,i come next to those ,rules and ,measures which are to be observed for the rendring one a ,gamester at this gentile ,game4 ,secondly1 ,this ,game in its ,number is1 according to the ,place and ,time1 when and where it is play'd2 for in ,gentlemens ,houses they do not oblige themselves to a certain ,number1 but make as many as they please to admit up without any ,restriction3 ,but in ,houses where part of their ,subsistence has a ,dependance upon a ,billiard ,table1 the ,game is ,five by ,day-light or ,seven1 if odds be given1 and ,three by ,candle-light1 or more1 as the ,rule of the ,house is4 ,now then having agreed upon what number we play1 let us learn next how to manage our ,game skillfully and with ,art1 and this we may understand by these following ,rules4 #a4 ,let us know who must lead1 which thus is resolved3 ,you must stand on the one side of the ,table opposite to the 7so called7 ,king1 with your ,ball laid near the ,cushion1 and your ,adversary on the other placed in the like posture2 and thus ,he of the two1 that comes nearest the ,king1 leads first4 #bly4 ,having gotten the ,lead1 have a ,care how you strike your ,ball1 that at the first stroke you touch not with your ,ball the end of the ,table1 leading from the ,king to the ,port1 for if you touch it you lose ,one1 as you shall observe hereafter in the ,orders4 ,but after the first ,stroke you need not fear doing it3 ,and you ,leader be sure to lead so1 that you may be in a possibility of passing the ,port the next ,stroke2 or else to lye so cunningly1 that you may probably hazard your ,adversaries ,ball the very ,stroke you play after him4 #cly4 ,generally the first ,contest is who shall pass first the ,port1 and herein much ,pains is taken1 and all the ,art and ,cunning possible used to do it1 and sometimes1 nay frequently1 an ,opportunity of a ,hazard ends the ,controversy3 ,sundry and various1 as well as very pleasant1 are the ,policies and ,tricks which are here used to obstruct each others ,pass1 as2 ,by turning the ,port by a strong clever stroke 7the ,sticks turning it1 it is nothing1 but to set aright again is the amends1 though some would have the severity of the ,orders inflicted on such an ,offence by the ,loss of ,one37 ,next by laying your ,ball 7when you see it impossible to pass7 in the ,port1 or before your ,adversaries ,ball1 for then let him do his utmost1 he must ,pass after you2 if he has ,past first1 and you dare not venture to follow him1 as fearing he should in the mean time touch the ,king1 and so carry away the ,end2 then you must wait upon him1 and watch every ,opportunity how you may hazard1 or king him3 ,kinging of him is1 when his ,ball lyes in so advantageous a manner1 as that if you strike his ,ball1 he must inevitably strike down the ,king1 then you win1 and prevent the ,loss of that ,end3 ,but with this ,caution however1 ,that you be careful how you strike1 for if you do king him1 and your ,ball happens to fly over the ,table1 or into a ,hazard1 you shall lose ,one notwithstanding you have ,king'd him2 and therefore a skillful ,precaution must ever be had in this1 and he that would prevent any such ,chance1 must #dly4 ,have a curious ,eye1 and a good ,judgment1 to take and quarter just so much of the ,ball1 that when he intends either to ,king or ,hazard his ,adversaries ,ball1 he may with ,facility ,dexterity effect either4 ,which ,observation must be noted1 in passing on your ,antagonists ,ball1 or corner of the ,port3 ,and indeed some are curious ,effectors of this part of the ,recreation1 who with less than a fifth part of a ,ball1 will rarely miss a ,king or ,hazard2 which ,i must confess is an excellent part of a compleat ,gamester in this ,sport4 #ely4 ,be careful that you lay not your hand on the ,table when you strike1 nor let your ,sleeve drag upon it1 if you do it is a ,loss2 ,or if you smoke a ,pipe of ,spanish or ,virginia1 being so wedded to that ,fume1 that were you sure to smother all the rest of the ,company you are insensible of the ,indecency1 be careful that the ,ashes fall not on the ,table1 lest the ,cloth be burnt1 which many times falls out3 ,in these two ,cases1 let the ,mulcts and ,forfeitures of both1 but especially the ,hinderance the last gives a ,man in the ,skillful managing his ,game1 deter you from the lolling slovenly ,posture of the first1 and the stinking ,indecency of the latter2 because this ,pastime being of a neat and cleanly ,composition1 will not admit any such ,irregularities and ,indecorums1 without an absolute ,violation of its ,laws1 and a ,punishment attending such unhandsome ,offences4 #fthly4 ,as this cleanly ,pastime exacts our diligent ,care of keeping a ,decorum1 in the prosecuting the same1 so does it require that we handle our ,instruments with a neat and tractable hand1 dislikes a ,clumsey-,fist1 which palms the ,stick1 as if he were handling a ,plough-share3 ,and therefore when you strike a long stroak1 hold your stick neatly between your two fore-,fingers and your ,thumb1 and then strike a smart stroak2 and by taking a steady and right ,aim1 7in this having your ,eye and ,judgment about you7 you may when you list1 either fetch back your ,adversaries ,ball1 when he lyes fair for a ,pass2 or many times1 when he lyes behind the ,king1 and you at the other end of the ,table1 you may by a dextrous management of your stroke1 ,king him backward3 ,both which ways1 ,i must confess1 require a great deal of ,care1 and good ,play1 which he that would be1 or already is1 a ,gamester1 is never wanting in4 ,but #gthly1 ,if you lye close1 then the small end of your ,stick1 or the flat of the big end1 raising up one end over your shoulder1 is practicable and useful1 and either of them to be used1 as ,occasion shall require1 and as you judge most convenient and proper for the working the ,effect you ,aim at4 #hthly1 ,there is one ,fault1 which tho its ,demerits perhaps may not reach a ,forfeiture1 yet ,i must tell you will scarce admit of an ,excuse1 though this ,i presume is regulated according to the ,agreement first stipulated between the ,gamesters1 and this ,fault is called ,raking1 i4 e4 not striking your ,ball cleanly1 but gliding along1 as it were2 ,but in this1 if you touch your ,ball twice1 it is a loss2 as indeed repugnant to all ,rule and ,method4 #ithly1 ,there is another ,caution you are to take at the ,port1 viz4 ,when you jobb your ,ball with the great end of your stick through the ,port1 beware that you throw it not down1 the doing of it is a loss2 and therefore be careful to do it so handsomly1 that at one stroke without turning the ,port with your stick 7which as ,i have mentioned before is a fault7 you accomplish your ,intention3 ,but on the contrary observe #ajthly1 ,it is good play to turn the ,port with your ,ball1 7not with your stick7 and so hinder your ,adversary from passing3 ,nor is it amiss1 to make your ,adversary a ,fornicator if it lyes in your ,power3 ,i mean to make him a ,fornicator is1 having past your self a little way1 and your ,adversaries ball being hardly through the port1 you put him back again1 and it may be quite out of pass1 and so you may the sooner peradventure gain the end1 having the ,advantage of passing1 by gently thrusting the other back again4 #aathly1 ,let ,policy likewise be a guide to you1 for obtaining the ,conquest1 and lying a-loof off1 and laying a long ,hazard sometimes for your ,antagonist1 will be an excellent way to entice and entrap him2 for that he promising to himself the good fortune of ,hazarding you1 will be induced rashly to adventure at that distance1 and supposing to strike your ,ball1 which cunningly lyes 7to tempt him to that ,venture7 near the ,hazard1 is himself caught in that ,trap he thought to throw you into1 by reason that the distance1 deceives his ,expectation1 and blows up his thoughts with fruitless ,suppositions4 #abthly1 ,let ,art likewise teach you ,cunning1 i4 e4 by lying abscond1 or at ,bo-peep with your ,adversary2 this is a subtlety which perhaps may gain the ,advantage of a ,pass or ,hazard4 ,for ,i must tell you1 in this ,game1 is required much ,cunning1 and subtle ,contrivance1 as in any ,recreation whatever1 and therefore when you are to ,play with an ,expert ,player1 you must muster up all the forces of your ,ingenuity and ,wit1 for the vanquishing of your ,opponent4 ,lastly1 ,observe the ,advantages may be gained1 and endeavour to get them1 if they fall within the sphere of your ,activity4 ,one of which ,i shall here insert1 which is indeed the chief1 viz4 ,that if your ,adversary hath not past the ,port1 and lies up by the ,king1 take the ,advantage of a ,second ,pass1 endeavour to pass again1 which if you dextrously perform1 and after touch the ,king1 you gain two2 but if your too great ,precipitancy and ,inadvertency1 or sometimes an unlucky ,chance hurryes you on to throw down the ,king1 then you loose4 ,some instead of a ,king use a string and ,bell1 so that after you have passed1 you need not doubt the end1 as being a thing not so ticklish1 or requiring so much ,art as the ,king does1 to be toucht finely and gently at a distance1 without throwing it down3 ,this alone is to be preferred for ingenious ,persons1 the other for the use only of ,bunglers4 ,thus much shall suffice for ,rules for the right ,playing at ,billiards1 which being a ,recreation not ,admitting of any further ,observations and ,methods to be made and shewn on it2 ,let ,practice1 and the ,dictates of the ensuing ,orders compleat your ,perfection in this gentile ,game4 ,,orders for ,players at the ,gentile ,game of ,billiards to ,observe4 ,i4 ,if the ,leader touch the end of the ,table with his ,ball1 at the first stroke1 he loseth ,one4 ,,ii4 ,if the ,follower intend to hit his ,adversaries ,ball1 or pass at one ,stroke1 he must string his ,ball1 that is1 ,lay it even with the ,king1 or he loseth ,one4 ,,iii4 ,he that ,passeth through the ,port hath the ,advantage of touching the ,king1 which is ,one1 if not thrown down4 ,,iv4 ,he that passeth twice1 his ,adversary not having passed at all1 and toucheth the ,king1 without throwing him down1 wins two ,ends4 ,v4 ,he that passeth not hath no other ,advantage than the ,hazards4 ,,vi4 ,he that is a ,fornicator 7that is hath past through the ,back of the ,port7 he must pass twice thro the fore-part1 or he cannot have the ,advantage of passing that end4 ,,vii4 ,he that hits down the ,port1 or ,king1 ,hazards his own ,ball1 or strikes either ,ball over the ,table1 loseth ,one4 ,,viii4 ,he that ,hazards his ,adversaries ,ball1 or makes it hit down the ,king1 winneth the end4 ,,ix4 ,if four ,play1 two against two1 he that mistakes his stroke loseth one to that side he is of4 ,x4 ,he that after both ,balls plaid1 removes the ,port without consent1 or strikes his ,ball twice together1 or that his ,adversaries ,ball touch his stick1 hand1 or ,clothes1 or playeth his ,adversaries ,balls1 loseth ,one4 ,,xi4 ,he that sets not one foot upon the ,ground1 when he strikes his ,ball shall lose an end1 or if he layes his hand or ,sleeve on the ,cloth4 ,,xii4 ,a stander-by1 tho he betts shall not instruct1 or speak in the ,game without ,consent1 or being first asked2 ,if after he is ,advertised hereof he ,offend in this nature1 for every fault he shall instantly forfeit ,two-pence for the good of the ,company1 or not be suffered to stay in the ,room4 ,,xiii4 ,he that ,playes a ,ball1 while the other runs1 or takes up a ,ball before it lies still1 loseth an ,end4 ,,xiv4 ,he that removes the ,port with his stick1 when he strikes his ,ball1 and thereby prevents his ,adversaries ,ball from passing1 loseth an end4 ,,xv4 ,all ,controversies are to be decided by the standers-by1 upon asking ,judgment4 ,,xvi4 ,whosoever breaks the ,king forfeits a ,shilling1 for the ,port ten ,shillings1 and each stick ,five ,shillings4 ,,xvii4 ,five ends make a ,game by ,day-light1 and ,three by ,candle-light4 ,many other ,orders there are which concern the ,house1 and thither ,i refer you for further ,infomation2 and here take leave to conclude this my ,school of ,recreation4 ,utrum horum ,mavis accipe1 c4 ,,finis4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,some ,books ,printed for ,henry ,rhodes1 near ,bride-,lane in ,fleet-,street4 ,the ,strange ,religions1 ,customes and ,manners of sundry ,nations1 in ,twelves1 price bound ,one ,shilling4 ,the ,history of the ,life and ,glorious ,reign of ,queen ,elizabeth1 the #b;d4 ,edition with ,additions1 by ,s4 ,clark in ,twelves bound ,one ,shilling4 ,the ,history of ,king ,henry the eighth and ,edward the sixth1 ,twelves1 ,price bound ,one ,shilling4 ,coffee-,house-,jests1 the third ,edition1 with ,additions1 in ,twelves1 ,price bound ,one ,shilling4 ,the present ,state of ,turky1 ,twelves1 ,price bound ,one ,shilling4 ,the ,london ,jilt3 ,or1 ,the ,politick ,whore1 in two parts4 ,witts ,cabinet1 ,twelves1 ,price bound ,one ,shilling4 ,sundery ,conversations1 ,twelves4 ,the great ,point of ,succession1 in ,folio4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,errors ,noted by ,transcriber3 ,in several places the first line of a change-ringing chart was damaged or missing2 since these lines always read #abcdef they are not separately noted4 ,brackets in the body of the text are in the original4 ,infirmity1 ,age1 ,station1 ,degree1 may render may printed in emphatic type like preceding words ,give him sharp1 as well as gentle1 ,courses as as well as a bag of ,chaff1 and thresh'd ,ears aud a-cross these ,paths1 hollow1 ,paths 1ollow1 your ,rods about twelve ,inches long a-_/about at line break ,to sharpen your ,hook1 carry a little ,whetstone4 a _/ a at line-break curiously ,flourishing their several ,orient and bright ,colours ,flourishng without breaking or circling the ,water the _/ the at line-break ,oyl of ,aspray1 ,coculus ,india1 and ,assa ,foetida ,faetida and skilfully argue and dispute its ,excellency1 c4 1 for 4 ,warm and well lined and _/ and at line-break whose ,lord ,mayor annually appears annnally ,this will go a #abj ,changes1 and by making ,bobs1 #bdj1 #cfj1 #gbj4 text has #bgj for #gbj for the ,use ,bells in ,sacred ,offices text unchanged3 the ,use of ,bells8 ,colledge ,triples 444 #bdaecfg #bdaeceg and #d1 #h for the ,fourth for for ,thus much shall suffice for my treating of ,ringing ,riging i4 e4 not striking your ,ball cleanly i1e1 ,the great ,point of ,succession1 in ,folio4 1 for 4 ,invisible letters3 ,invisible means that the letter does not appear1 but there is an appropriately sized blank space4 ,names1 ,degrees1 ,ages1 and ,seasons a of ,seasons and the ,lim'd straws1 lapping under their ,wings d of ,lim'd seek where to find that he prepared for w of where ,the greatest ,eels lurk under ,stones g of greatest ,at the opening of ,mill-dams or ,sluces l of ,sluces lest you make his ,limbs sore e of lest the general ,method of the whole ,peal second e of general ,period 7full stop7 missing or invisible3 ,madness4 ,lastly1 ,if your ,hound be ,mad ,rub him with a ,brush of ,bristles over again4 ,chaffinches1 ,goldfinches1 ,yellow-,hammers1 c4 with ,gray1 or ,white ,feathers4 render a ,practitioner ,excellent4 ,secondly1 ,learn to apprehend the ,places of the ,notes4 ,missing words or letters supplied from #afif edition1 with supplements shown in braces2 full lines as printed3 ,thus much for their ,names1 ,degrees1 and ,ages3 ,now let us next observe their proper ,seasons for ,hunting4 ,the ,hart or ,buck1 beginneth fifteen ,days after ,mid-,summer-,day1 and last- eth till ,holy-,rood-,day4 ,the ,fox1 from ,christmass1 and last- eth till the ,annunciation of the blessed ,virgin ,mary4 self all over1 but his ,nose1 keeping the middle1 least by touching any ,boughes he leave a ,scent for the ,hounds2 ,and by his ,crossings and ,doublings he will en- deavour to baffle his ,pursuers3 ,in these ,cases have regard to your ,old ,hounds1 as ,i said before4 ,when he is ,imbost or weary1 may be known thus3 ,by his ,creeping into holes1 and often lying ,now for the ,place where to find her1 you must examine and observe the ,sea- sons of the ,year2 for in ,summer or ,spring time1 you shall find them in ,corn-fields and open places1 not sitting in ,bushes1 for fear of ,snakes1 ,adders1 c4 ,in ,winter they love ,tuffs of ,thorns and ,brambles1 near ,houses3 ,in these places you must regard the ,old- ness or ,newness of her ,forme or ,seat1 rected3 ,in any ,cross-,peal the ,whole ,hunt may move either up or down at ,peales1 as indeed needless2 and my ,and thus with little ,variation1 there ,missing letters stuck to following page3 them together to ingender in ,january1 ,february1 or ,march1 as the properest