---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,disclaim] ,! articles publi%$ 9 ! ,annual ,reports ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association are ! f9d+s & ?\ghts solely ( ! au?ors & are n to be con/ru$ z an endorsem5t by ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 its bo>d ( directors1 or its memb]s4 ,no endorsem5t is int5d$ = products m5tion$1 nor is criticism meant = products n m5tion$4 ,! laws & recomm5dations = pe/icide application may h *ang$ s9ce ! articles 7 writt54 ,x is always ! pe/icide applicator's responsibility1 by law1 to read & foll[ all curr5t label directions = ! specific pe/icide be+ us$4 ,! discussion ( specific nut tree cultiv>s & ( specific te*niques to gr[ nut trees t might h be5 successful 9 "o area & at a p>ticul> "t is n a gu>antee t simil> results w occur else:]e4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,proce$+s ,,at ,,! ,,?ird ,,annual ,,meet+ ,,lanca/]1 ,,p5nsylvania ,,decemb] #ah & #ai1 #aiab ,,! ,,cayuga ,,press ,,i?aca1 ,n4 ,y4 #aiac ,illu/ration3 ,,pr(essor ,,john ,,craig ,a ,,f\nd] ,,( ,,! ,,association ,di$ #aiab 99 99 99 99 99 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,(fic]s & ,committees ( ! ,association #c ,memb]s ( ! ,association #d ,con/itution & ,rules ( ! ,association #h ,proce$+s ( ! ,meet+ held at ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,decemb] #ah & #ai1 #aiab #i ,address ( ,welcome by ! ,mayor ( ,lanca/] #i ,response by ,mr4 ,littlepage #aa ,presid5t's ,address4 ,! ,practical ,aspects ( ,hybridiz+ ,nut ,trees4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris1 ,new ,york #ab ,fraudul5t & ,un9=m$ ,promot]s4 ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage1 ,indiana #bb ,rec5t ,"w on ! ,*e/nut ,blight4 ,kell] ,e4 ,rockey1 ,p5nsylvania #cg ,"s ,problems 9 ! ,treatm5t ( ,diseas$ ,*e/nut ,trees4 ,roy ,g4 ,pi]ce1 ,p5nsylvania #dd ,nut ,gr[+ & ,tree ,bre$+ & _! ,relation to ,cons]vation4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 ,p5nsylvania #ei ,beg9n+ ) ,nuts4 ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+1 ,new ,york #fd ,! ,p]sian ,walnut1 ,its ,disa/] & ,lessons = #aiab4 ,j4 ,g4 ,ru%1 ,p5nsylvania #he ,a #aiab ,review ( ! ,nut ,situation 9 ! ,nor?4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c #ia ,demon/ration 9 ,graft+4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,p5nsylvania #aje ,"s ,p]sian ,walnut ,obs]vations1 ,exp]im5ts & ,results = #aiab4 ,e4 ,r4 ,lake1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c #aaj ,! ,indiana ,pecans4 ,r4 ,l4 ,mc,coy1 ,indiana #aac ,app5dix3 ,report ( ,secret>y & ,treasur] #aaf ,report ( ,committee on ,resolutions #aag ,report ( ,committee on ! ,dea? ( ,pr(essor ,john ,craig #aai ,report ( ,committee on ,exhibits #abj ,! ,hickory ,b>k ,bor] #abb ,miscellane\s ,notes3 ,memb]s ,pres5t #abd ,li/ ( ,correspond5ts & ,o!rs ,int]e/$ 9 ,nut ,culture #abd ,extracts f ,lett]s f ,/ate ,vice-,presid5ts & ,o!rs #ach ,,(fic]s ,,( ,,! ,,association ,presid5t ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage ,indiana ,secret>y & ,treasur] ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+ ,georget[n1 ,conn4 ,,committees ,executive ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris ,w4 ,n4 ,rop] ,& ! ,(fic]s ,promis+ ,se$l+s ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage ,c4 ,a4 ,re$ ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+ ,hybrids ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,j4 ,r4 ,smi? ,c4 ,p4 ,close ,memb]%ip ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+ ,g4 ,h4 ,corsan ,w4 ,n4 ,rop] ,nom5clature ,w4 ,c4 ,re$ ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+ ,press & ,publication ,w4 ,n4 ,rop] ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+ ,,/ate ,,vice-,,presid5ts ,canada ,goldw9 ,smi? ,highl& ,creek ,colorado ,dr4 ,frank ,l4 ,d5nis ,colorado ,spr+s ,connecticut ,*>les ,h4 ,plump ,we/ ,r$d+ ,delaw>e ,h4 ,p4 ,layton ,georget[n ,florida ,h4 ,h>old ,hume ,gl5 ,/4 ,m>y ,georgia ,g4 ,c4 ,s*empp1 ,jr4 ,albany ,ill9ois ,dr4 ,f4 ,s4 ,crock] ,*icago ,indiana ,r4 ,l4 ,mc,coy ,lake ,i[a ,alson ,secor ,des ,mo9es ,k5tucky ,a4 ,l4 ,moseley ,calh\n ,l\isiana ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,jean]ette ,m>yl& ,c4 ,p4 ,close ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,massa*usetts ,b]nh>d ,h(fmann ,/ockbridge ,mi*igan ,miss ,maud ,m4 ,jessup ,gr& ,rapids ,m9nesota ,c4 ,a4 ,van ,duzee ,/4 ,paul ,new ,hamp%ire ,h5ry ,n4 ,g[+ ,dubl9 ,new ,j]sey ,h5ry ,hales ,ridgewood ,new ,york ,a4 ,c4 ,pom]oy ,lockport ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,w4 ,n4 ,hutt ,raleigh ,ohio ,j4 ,h4 ,dayton ,pa9esville ,oklahoma ,mrs4 ,e4 ,b4 ,mill] ,enid ,oregon ,f4 ,a4 ,wigg9s ,topp5i% ,panama ,b4 ,f4 ,womack ,canal ,zone ,p5nsylvania ,j4 ,g4 ,ru% ,we/ ,will[ ,texas ,c4 ,t4 ,hogan ,ennis ,v]mont ,cl>5ce ,j4 ,f]guson ,burl+ton ,virg9ia ,w4 ,n4 ,rop] ,pet]sburg ,we/ ,virg9ia ,b4 ,f4 ,h>tzell ,%eph]d/[n ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,abbott1 ,fr$]ick ,b41 #dai #i? ,/41 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,arm/rong1 ,a4 ,h41 ,g5]al ,electric ,co41 ,s*5ectady1 ,n4 ,y4 ,arnott1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,g41 #bf ,em]ald ,/41 ,s\?1 ,hamilton1 ,canada4 ,b>ron1 ,leon>d1 ,editor ,! ,g>d5 ,magaz9e1 ,g>d5 ,city1 ,l4 ,i4 ,b>ry1 ,w4 ,c41 ,ellwang] ,b>ry1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,b5n]1 ,*>les1 #ajj ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 9999,b[dit*1 ,james ,h41 #ijc ,tremont ,bldg41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,button1 ,h]b]t1 ,bonnie ,brook ,f>m1 ,caz5ovia1 ,n4 ,y4 ,br[ne1 ,l\is ,l41 ,bodsbeck ,f>m1 ,new ,canaan1 ,conn4 ,butl]1 ,h5ry ,l41 ,gwyn$d ,valley1 ,pa4 ,casp]1 ,norman ,w41 ,fairlawn1 ,new ,burnside1 ,ill4 ,*alm]s1 ,w4 ,j41 ,vanport1 ,pa4 ,*amb]la91 ,w4 ,o41 #cjj ,nicollet ,ave41 ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n4 ,cl5d591 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,f4 ,m41 ,we/*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,close1 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,p41 ,exp]t 9 ,fruit ,id5tification1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,cole1 ,dr4 ,*as4 ,k41 #cb ,rose ,/41 ,*elsea-on-,hudson1 ,n4 ,y4 ,coleman1 ,h4 ,h41 ,! ,nor?we/]n ,mutual ,life ,ins4 ,co41 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 ,corsan1 ,g4 ,h41 ,univ]sity ,gymnasium1 ,univ4 ( ,toronto1 ,toronto1 ,canada4 ,crock]1 ,dr4 ,f4 ,s41 ,columbus ,memorial ,bldg41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,dayton1 ,j4 ,h41 ,pa9esville1 ,ohio4 ,rep4 ,/orrs ,h>rison ,co4 ,deck]1 ,loyd ,h41 ,greeley1 ,col41 ,r4 #e1 ,box #aa4 ,dem+1 ,dr4 ,n4 ,l41 ,lit*field1 ,conn4 ,dem+1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,georget[n1 ,conn4 ,dem+1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,c4 ,georget[n1 ,conn4 ,d5nis1 ,dr4 ,frank ,l41 ,! ,col*e/]1 ,colorado ,spr+s1 ,col4 ,ellwang]1 ,w4 ,d41 #eaj ,e4 ,ave41 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,f]guson1 ,cl>5ce ,j41 ,rep4 ,ea/]n ,fruit ,nut ,or*>d ,co41 #add ,college ,/41 ,burl+ton1 ,vt4 ,fis*]1 ,j41 ,rep4 ,key/one ,wood ,co41 ,williamsport1 ,pa4 ,full]ton1 ,h4 ,b41 ,m$=d1 ,l4 ,i4 ,g[+1 ,h5ry ,n41 ,dubl91 ,n4 ,h4 ,gs*w9d1 ,geo4 ,w41 #bhb ,humboldt ,/41 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hab]/roh1 ,ar?ur ,l41 ,%>on1 ,mass4 ,hale1 ,mrs4 ,geo4 ,h41 ,gla/onbury1 ,conn4 ,hall1 ,l4 ,c4 ,avonia1 ,pa4 99,hales1 ,h5ry1 ,ridgewood1 ,n4 ,j4 ,hans1 ,am$ee1 ,supt4 ,hod5pyl ,e/41 ,locu/ ,valley1 ,l4 ,i41 ,n4 ,y4 ,h>rison1 ,j4 ,g41 ,rep4 ,h>rison's ,nurs]ies1 ,b]l91 ,md4 ,h>tzell1 ,b4 ,f41 ,%eph]d/[n1 ,w4 ,va4 ,haywood1 ,alb]t1 ,flu%+1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hicks1 ,h5ry1 ,we/bury ,/ation1 ,l4 ,i41 ,n4 ,y4 ,hildebr&1 ,f4 ,b41 #eeea ,monroe ,ave41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,h(fman1 ,b]nh>d1 ,/ockbridge1 ,mass4 ,hogan1 ,c4 ,t41 ,ennis1 ,texas4 ,hold51 ,e4 ,b41 ,hilton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,holmes1 ,j4 ,a41 #abg ,eddy ,/41 ,i?aca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hopp]1 ,i4 ,b41 ,*emical ,national ,bank1 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,hume1 ,h4 ,h>old1 ,gl5 ,sa9t ,m>y1 ,fla4 ,hung]=d1 ,newman1 #de ,prospect ,/41 ,h>t=d1 ,conn4 9999,hunt+ton1 ,a4 ,m41 #ae ,w4 #ha/ ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,hutt1 ,w4 ,n41 ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c4 ,james1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,b41 #ag ,w4 #ed? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,jaques1 ,lee ,w41 #gd ,wav]ly ,/41 ,j]sey ,city ,heights1 ,n4 ,j4 9999,jones1 ,j4 ,f41 ,jean]ette1 ,la41 ,will[ ,/41 ,pa4 ,jessup1 ,miss ,maud ,m41 #ddj ,?omas ,/41 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*4 ,keely1 ,royal ,r41 #agjb ,mt4 ,v]non ,/41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,walpole1 ,mass41 ,box #dhe4 ,ko*1 ,alphonse1 #eaj ,e4 #gg? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,lake1 ,pr(4 ,e4 ,r41 ,as/4 ,pomologi/1 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,layton1 ,h4 ,p41 ,georget[n1 ,del4 ,leas1 ,f4 ,c1 #djj ,s4 #dj? ,/41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 & ,bala1 ,pa4 ,littlepage1 ,t4 ,p41 ,union ,tru/ ,bldg41 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c1 & ,boonville1 ,ind4 ,loomis1 ,*>les ,b41 ,e4 ,gre5bu%1 ,n4 ,y4 ,r4 ,d4 #a4 ,lovett1 ,mrs4 ,joseph ,l41 ,emilie1 ,bucks ,co41 ,pa4 ,malcomson1 ,a4 ,b41 #acb ,nassau ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,mayo1 ,e4 ,s41 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,rep4 ,gl5 ,bro!rs4 ,mc,coy1 ,r4 ,l41 ,ohio ,valley ,=e/ ,nurs]y1 ,lake1 ,sp5c] ,co41 ,ind4 ,meehan1 ,s4 ,m5delson1 ,g]mant[n1 ,phila41 ,pa4 ,rep4 ,?os4 ,meehan ,sons4 ,mill]1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,b41 ,enid1 ,oklahoma1 ,r4 ,box #dg #a-b4 ,mill]1 ,mrs4 ,seaman1 ,c>e ( ,mr4 ,seaman ,mill]1 #b ,rector ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,mc,sparren1 ,w4 ,f41 ,furnice1 ,pa4 ,magrud]1 ,g4 ,m41 ,m$ical ,bldg41 ,portl&1 ,oregon4 ,morris1 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t41 #faf ,madison ,ave41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,moseley1 ,a4 ,l41 ,bank ( ,calh\n1 ,calh\n1 ,ky4 ,moses1 ,!odore ,w41 ,h>v>d ,club1 #bg ,w4 #dd? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,niblack1 ,mason ,j41 ,v9c5nes1 ,ind4 ,ni*ols1 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,gillette1 #abi ,e4 #gf? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city1 & ,e4 ,haddam1 ,conn4 ,patt]son ,taylor1 #cdc ,s4 ,de>born ,/41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,pi]son1 ,miss ,a4 ,elizabe?1 ,cromwell1 ,conn4 ,plump1 ,*as4 ,h41 ,we/ ,r$d+1 ,conn4 ,pom]oy1 ,a4 ,c41 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,pott]1 ,hon4 ,w4 ,o41 ,m>ion1 ,ill4 ,re$1 ,c4 ,a41 ,div4 ( ,pomology1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept1 ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,re$1 ,w4 ,c41 ,v9c5nes1 ,ind4 ,rice1 ,mrs4 ,lilian ,mc,kee1 ,b>nes ,cottage1 ,c>mel1 ,n4 ,y4 ,ri*1 ,william ,p41 ,sec'y ,mass ,horticultural ,society1 #cjj ,mass4 ,ave41 ,bo/on4 ,ridgway1 ,c4 ,s41 ,floralia1 ,lumb]ton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,riehl1 ,e4 ,a41 ,alton1 ,ill4 ,rop]1 ,wm4 ,n41 ,arr[field ,nurs]y ,co41 ,pet]sburg1 ,va4 ,rose1 ,wm4 ,j41 #dac ,m>ket ,/41 ,h>risburg1 ,pa4 ,ru%1 ,j4 ,g41 ,we/ ,will[1 ,pa4 ,s*empp1 ,g4 ,c41 ,jr41 ,albany1 ,ga4 ,r\te #c4 ,secor1 ,alson1 ,editor ,successful ,f>m+1 ,des ,mo9es1 ,i[a4 ,s5s5ig1 ,wayne1 ,/ate ,college1 ,c5t] ,co41 ,pa4 ,%ell5b]g]1 ,h4 ,h41 #faj ,broadhead ,/41 ,ea/on1 ,pa4 ,%oemak]1 ,se? ,w41 ,agric4 ,ed4 ,int4 ,corresp4 ,s*ools1 ,scranton1 ,pa4 ,smi?1 ,e4 ,k41 #bac ,pho5ix ,bldg41 ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n4 ,smi?1 ,goldw91 ,highl& ,creek1 ,ont>io1 ,canada4 ,smi?1 ,j4 ,russell1 ,r\ndhill1 ,va4 ,smi?1 ,p]cival ,p41 #ajh ,s4 ,la,salle ,/41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,tuck]man1 ,bay>d1 #aah ,e4 #cg? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,turn]1 ,k4 ,m41 #abfe ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,ulman1 ,dr4 ,ira1 #bac ,w4 #adg? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,f>m1 ,s4 ,monsey1 ,rockl& ,co41 ,p4 ,o41 ,address1 ,spr+ ,valley1 ,n4 ,y4 ,van ,duzee1 ,col4 ,c4 ,a41 ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9n1 & ,vik+1 ,fla4 ,walt]1 ,dr4 ,h>ry1 ,hotel ,*alfonte1 ,atlantic ,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,w5t9k1 ,frank1 #ge ,grove ,/41 ,passaic1 ,n4 ,j4 ,:ite1 ,h4 ,c41 ,de,witt1 ,ga4 ,wigg9s1 ,f4 ,a41 ,rep4 ,wa%+ton ,nurs]y ,co41 ,topp5i%1 ,wa%4 ,wile1 ,?4 ,e41 #ajab ,p>k ,av5ue1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,williams1 ,dr4 ,*>les ,mallory1 #dh ,e4 #di? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city1 & ,/on+ton1 ,conn4 ,williams1 ,h>rison1 ,g54 ,l& ,tax ,agt41 ,erie ,r4 ,r4 ,co41 #ej ,*ur* ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 9999,wissmann1 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,de,r41 #gjg ,fif? ,ave41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city4 ,womack1 ,b4 ,f41 ,ancon1 ,canal ,zone1 ,panama4 ,wyman1 ,willis ,l41 ,p>k ,rapids1 ,m9n4 99 ,honor>y ,memb]4 9999 ,life ,memb] ,,con/itution ,,& ,,rules ,,( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association4 ,"n4 ,! society %all be kn[n z ! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association4 ,object4 ,! promotion ( int]e/ 9 nut-produc+ plants1 _! products & _! culture4 ,memb]%ip4 ,memb]%ip 9 ! society %all be op5 to all p]sons :o desire to fur!r nut culture1 )\t ref]5ce to place ( resid5ce or nationality1 subject to ! approval ( ! committee on memb]%ip4 ,(fic]s4 ,!re %all be a presid5t1 a vice-presid5t1 & a secret>y-treasur]2 an executive committee ( five p]sons1 ( :i* ! presid5t1 vice-presid5t & secret>y %all be memb]s2 & a /ate vice-presid5t f ea* /ate repres5t$ 9 ! memb]%ip ( ! association4 ,election ( ,(fic]s4 ,a committee ( five memb]s %all be elect$ at ! annual meet+ = ! purpose ( nom9at+ (fic]s = ! subsequ5t ye>4 ,meet+s4 ,! place & "t ( ! annual meet+ %all be select$ by ! memb]%ip 9 session or1 9 ! ev5t ( no selection be+ made at ?is "t1 ! executive committee %all *oose ! place & "t = ! hold+ ( ! annual conv5tion4 ,su* o!r meet+s z may seem desirable may be call$ by ! presid5t & executive committee4 ,fees4 ,! fees %all be ( two k9ds1 annual & life4 ,! =m] %all be two doll>s1 ! latt] tw5ty doll>s4 ,discipl9e4 ,! committee on memb]%ip may make recomm5dations to ! association z to ! discipl9e or expulsion ( any memb]4 ,committees4 ,! association %all appo9t /&+ committees ( ?ree memb]s ea* to consid] & report on ! foll[+ topics at ea* annual meet+3 fir/1 on promis+ se$l+s2 second1 on nom5clature2 ?ird1 on hybrids2 f\r?1 on memb]%ip2 fif?1 on press & publication4 ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,,?ird ,,annual ,,meet+ ,,decemb] #ah ,,& #ai1 #aiab ,,at ,,lanca/]1 ,,p5nsylvania ,! ?ird annual meet+ ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association 0 held 9 ! ,c\rt ,h\se at ,lanca/]1 ,pa41 beg9n+ ,decemb] #ah1 #aiab1 at #aj ,a4 ,m42 ,presid5t ,morris presid+4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! meet+ w be call$ to ord]4 ,we h fir/ an address by ! ,mayor ( ,lanca/]1 ,mayor ,mc,clean4 7,applause47 ,mayor ,mc,clean3 ,ladies & g5tlem5 ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association3 ,! ,mayor ( a city ( ! size ( ?is1 9 :i* conv5tions meet s frequ5tly1 is s (t5 call$ ^u to make a spee* t ! prospect ( hav+ to d s causes him "s di/urbance ( m9d1 n only on ! day ( ! deliv]y ( ! spee* b = _m days prec$+2 b ,i confess t ! invitation to come "h today has _h no su* effect on me4 ,i am v glad to meet & mix up ) ! memb]s ( ?is organization4 ,! evolutioni/s tell u :]e we came f2 ! !ologians1 :]e we are go+ to2 b no matt] h[ mu* we may diff] z to ! !ories ( ^! respective lead]s ( ?\ght1 ^u "o ?+ we c all agree & t is t we are "h4 ,y ladies & g5tlem5 repres5t+ ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association are "h to int]*ange op9ions & discuss que/ions :i* h to d ) ! great] success ( ! v useful indu/ry1 ! y\?ful & useful indu/ry1 9 :i* y are engag$4 ,i am "h z ! ,mayor ( ?is goodly t[n to tell y t y are n look$ ^u z intrud]s2 t we w be bl9d :5 y help y\rselves to our w9e flasks1 b t we w n be deaf %\ld y ask = m4 ,i am ?or\ghly 9 sympa?y ) ! purpose ( ?is organization1 und]/&+ x to be ! enc\ragem5t ( ! plant+ ( nut be>+ trees 9 ord] t an addition to our pres5t food supply may be provid$2 & t mu* wa/e l&1 n[ pr(itless1 may be tak5 up & conv]t$ to practical & pr(itable uses2 & fur!r t ?r\gh ! m$ium ( su* tree plant+ & tree c>e z y propose1 l&scape embelli%m5t 9 great] degree ?an t :i* n[ exi/s may be provid$4 ,we he> v mu* ab\t cons]vation ^! days & x seems to me t ! proposition :i* y advance is cons]vation 9 a v wor?y & v high degree4 ,! soil & climate ( ,lanca/] ,c\nty seem to be peculi>ly adapt$ to ! gr[+ ( trees be>+ nuts & fruits1 & ,i am sure t ! result ( ?is conv5tion w be to /imulate locally a v great int]e/ 9 ?is wor?y und]tak+4 ,y h *os5 wisely 9 select+ ,lanca/] z ! place = ?is meet+1 because we feel & we are satisfi$ t y w agree1 aft] y h be5 "h a few days1 t ?is 0 ! t[n t ,kipl+ _h 9 m9d :5 he wrote ( ! t[n t 0 born lucky4 7,laught]47 ,"h y w f9d all ! creature com=ts1 ev]y?+ t makes = ! pleasure ( exi/5ce1 good food & good wat]1 & if !re be any ( y :o h a lik+ = bev]ages o!r ?an wat]1 x may be "s consolation to y to "k t 9 ?is vic9ity ! m9t b$s are n us$ = pa/ure1 ! pun* b[ls are n p]man5tly fill$ ) c>nations1 ! cock-tail glasses %[ no signs ( disuse & ! corkscrew hangs )9 rea* ( y\r %orte/ memb]4 7,laught]47 ,we are a great p ov] ?is way4 ,p]haps y are n aw>e ( t1 b we be> prosp]ity ) meekness & adv]sity ) pati5ce4 ,we feel t we c say to y1 )\t boa/+1 if y seek a pleasant c\ntry1 look ab\t y4 ,y may n "k x1 b x is a fact & ! ,unit$ ,/ates c5sus reports ev] s9ce c5sus reports h be5 made w prove x1 t ! annual valuation ( ! agricultural products ( ! c\nty 9 :i* y n[ sit exce$s t ( any o!r c\nty 9 all ?is great nation4 7,applause47 ,ano!r bit ( local hi/ory may surprise y :5 ,i tell y t ! comb9$ deposits ( ! banks ( ,lanca/] ,c\nty approximate ! enorm\s am\nt ( fifty million doll>s1 t !y are l>g] ?an ! total deposits ( any "o ( sev5 /ates 9 ! ,union t ,i c "n & t !y exce$ ! comb9$ deposits ( two ( ^? sev5 /ates4 ,b ,i don't want to take up y\r "t ) a recitation ( local hi/ory1 because ,i feel t y\r ,lanca/] colleagues w give y all ! in=mation1 & ,i don't want to spoil _! pleasure 9 giv+ x by anticipat+ !m4 ,i congratulate y ^u ! success ( ?is conv5tion4 ,i applaud ! purpose = :i* y are unit$4 ,i felicitate y ^u y\r a*ievem5ts up to ?is "t1 & pr$ict = y a great] measure ( usefulness & advantage 9 ! "t to come1 :i* usefulness & advantage1 let me sugge/1 c be made y\rs m promptly1 c]ta9ly m surely1 by y\r proce$+ ^u ! pr9ciple t :atev] is ( b5efit to ! organization z a :ole mu/ be ( b5efit to ea* ( its memb]s1 ei!r directly or indirectly4 ,i tru/ t y w g on ) ?is good "w & /imulate en?usiasm 9 y\r purpose 9 a nation wide way1 work+ toge!r ) "o common object1 proce$+ "u ! motto ( ! ,?ree ,gu>dsm5 ( ,france1 ,"o ,= ,all & ,all ,= ,"o4 ,i n[ ext5d to y ! fre$om ( ! city4 ,roam :]e y w4 ,j "o bit ( advice ,i h to give4 ,contr>y1 p]haps1 to g5]al report1 ?is is n a sl[ t[n & !re=e y are 9 m dang] ( be+ run d[n ?an run 94 7,laught]47 ,i w n foll[ ! "t honor$ practice ( h&+ y ! keys ( ! city1 = ! reason t :5 ,i he>d y 7 on ! way1 ,i _h ! old gates tak5 (f ! h+es 9 ord] t y\r incom+ might be 9 no way imp$$4 7,laught]47 ,& n[1 9 ! "n ( ! city ( ,lanca/]1 its he>t fill$ ) ! sunny w>m? ( ,july1 ,i bid y welcome & promise t we w try to ext5d to y a hospitality z g5]\s z gold5 ,octob]4 7,applause47 ,! ,*airman3 ,w ,mr4 ,littlepage please respond to ! ,mayor's k9dly address ( welcome8 ,hon4 ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage3 ,mr4 ,presid5t3 ,on behalf ( ! memb]s ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 ,i desire to ?ank ! ,mayor v cordially = 8 delightful words ( welcome to ?is city4 ,we feel t ! words hav5't any /r+s to !m1 su* z 7 indicat$ 9 a little poem ,i notic$ ! o!r day1 :i* said t a "y man took 8 girl to an ice cream p>lor & %e ate & %e ate & %e ate until at la/ %e gave him h] he>t to make room = ano!r plate4 7,laught]47 ,!re app>5tly isn't any?+ ( t 9 ! cordial welcome :i* we h receiv$ "h to ?is great ,c\nty ( ,lanca/]4 ,i "k n[ aft] he>+ ! ,mayor's disc\rse ^u ! great res\rces ( ?is c\nty1 :y x 0 t a "y fell[ :o _h rambl$ out into ! ,we/ & happ5$ to drop into an old fa%ion$ protract$ meet+1 :5 ask$ to come up to ! m\rn]s' b5*1 object$ some:at1 & f9ally :5 !y said1 ,well1 "y man1 y've got to be born aga92 repli$1 ,no1 x isn't necess>y1 ,i 0 born 9 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 7,laught] & applause47 ,i und]/& n[ :y ! "y man 0 s sangu9e1 :y x wasn't necess>y to be born aga91 ev5 "u ! auspices ( ! ,great ,_s4 ,x is v gratify+ inde$ to be 9 ! mid/ ( a great c\nty ( ?is k9d t has made "o ( ! great basic indu/ries s successful4 ,x takes ?ree ?+s to make a really great nation2 x takes great natural res\rces1 x takes great policies & x takes great p4 ,we h nations 9 ?is _w :]e ! res\rces1 ! possibilities ( agriculture & all l9es ( human endeavor are z unlimit$1 almo/1 z ours1 b !y hav5't ! p & 9 ! cases :]e !y h p ( ! "r k9d1 !y hav5't adopt$ ! policies4 ,x takes ^? ?ree ?+s = any c\nty1 any /ate or any nation to be really great1 & x is inde$ gratify+ to ^? ( u :o believe 9 ! highe/ developm5t1 ! be/ = humanity1 to come into a c\nty :]e ! p1 ?r\gh _! indu/ry1 _! policies ( advancem5t1 h made t c\nty "o ( ! be/ f>m$ agricultural c\nties 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & t is say+ a great deal :5 y consid] ! greatness ( ?is nation & h] imm5se weal? & res\rces4 ,x is inde$ gratify+ to all ( u :o are sp5d+ "s "t & "s ef=t to fur!r some:at ! advancem5t ( ! c\ntry along horticultural l9es1 to be met ) a cordial welcome & to come into ?is community t has s highly develop$ h] v>i\s res\rces3 s1 on behalf ( ?is ,association & all its memb]s1 ev5 ! memb]s t are n "h1 ^? ( !m :o might1 if !y desir$1 take advantage ( ! ,mayor's corkscrew & c>nation b[l1 ,i ?ank ! ,mayor & ?ank ! citiz5s ( ?is ,c\nty & say t we are delight$ to be among y4 7,applause47 ,! ,*airman3 ,we w n[ proce$ ) ! regul> ord] ( bus9ess4 ,z my pap] happ5s to be plac$ fir/ on ! li/1 ?r\gh ! me?ods ( ! ,secret>y1 ,i w ask ,mr4 ,littlepage to k9dly take ! *air :ile ,i pres5t notes on ! subject ( hybridiz+ nut trees4 ,,! ,,practical ,,aspects ,,( ,,hybridiz+ ,,nut ,,trees ,,dr4 ,,rob]t ,t4 ,,morris1 ,,new ,,york ,illu/ration3 ,,dr4 ,,rob]t ,t4 ,,morris ,,( ,,new ,,york ,fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,association1 #aiaa & #aiab ,9 ! exp]im5tal "w ( hybridiz+ nut trees1 we soon come to le>n t a numb] ( practical po9ts ne$ to be acquir$ be=e successful hybridiz+ c be done4 ,?is is a special field 9 :i* few h tak5 "p z yet1 & consequ5tly any notes ^u ! subject w add to ! sum total ( ! k :i* we wi% to acquire z rapidly z possible4 ,fir/1 9 collect+ poll52 x is important to %ake our poll5 into dry pap] boxes4 ,if we try to pres]ve ! poll5 9 glass or 9 metal1 x is attack$ by v>i\s m\ld fungi & is rapidly de/roy$4 ,we h to rememb] t poll5 consi/s ( live cells :i* h q z active a place 9 ! organic _w z a r$ squirrel1 & ! poll5 gra9s ne$ to brea! q z mu* z a r$ squirrel ne$s to brea!4 ,!re=e !y mu/ n be plac$ 9 glass or metal or tightly seal$4 ,fur!r1 ! poll5 gra9s ne$ to be kept cool 9 ord] to avoid attacks f ! greate/ enemy ( all organic life1 ! microbes or ! l[] fungi4 ,probably we may keep poll5 = a long] "t ?an x c\ld ord9>ily be kept1 if x is plac$ 9 cold /orage1 b practically ,i h tri$ ! exp]im5t on only "o occasion4 ,la/ ye> ,i wi%$ to cross ! *9kap9 ) ! :ite oak4 ,! :ite oak blossoms m ?an a mon? 9 advance ( ! *9kap9 9 ,connecticut1 & ! "q 0 h[ we c\ld keep ! :ite oak poll54 ,"s ( x 0 plac$ 9 pap] boxes 9 cold /orage2 "s 9 pap] boxes 9 ! cell> 9 a dry place4 ,poll5 :i* _h be5 kept 9 ! cell> & poll5 :i* _h be5 kept 9 cold /orage 7 ab\t equally viable4 ,x is q rem>kable to "k t poll5 c be kept = m ?an a mon? "u any circum/ances4 ,hybridization occurr$ 9 my *9kap9s f ?is :ite oak poll54 ,sometimes1 :]e ! fl[]+ "t ( su* trees is f> ap>t1 x is important to "k h[ we may secure poll5 ( "o k9d = ! female fl[]s ( ! o!r4 ,two me?ods are possible4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we may secure poll5 f ! nor!rn or s\!rn range ( a species = application ^u pi/illate fl[]s at ! o!r end ( ! range ( t species4 ,ano!r way is to collect bran*es c>ry+ male fl[]s be=e ! fl[]s h develop$1 place !m 9 ! ice h\se or 9 a d>k1 cold room )\t light until ! prop] "t = =c+ ! fl[]s1 & if ^! bran*es are !n plac$ 9 wat]1 ! wat] *ang$ frequ5tly z :5 we are keep+ fl[]s c>efully1 ! catk9s or o!r male fl[]s w develop poll5 satisfactorily a long "t aft] _! natural "t ( furni%+ poll51 :5 !y are br\ght out into ! light4 ,9 protect+ pi/illate fl[]s f ! poll5 ( _! own trees1 ) ! nut tree gr\p :]e poll5 is w9d-borne r ?an insect borne1 ,i f9d t ! bett] way is to cov] ! pi/illate fl[]s ) pap] bags1 ! ?9n] ! bett]1 ! k9d t we get at ! groc]y /ore4 ,x is be/ to pull (f ! undevelop$ male fl[]s if !y happ5 to be on ! same bran* ) ! female fl[]s1 & !n place ! bags ov] ! female fl[]s at ab\t ! "t :5 !y blossom1 9 advance ( poll9ation ( ! male fl[]s4 ,x is n safe to dep5d ^u pull+ (f ! male fl[]s ( an isolat$ tree & leav+ ! female fl[]s )\t bags to protect !m f poll5 ( ! same species or ( alli$ species1 = ! reason t w9d may c>ry poll5 to a great di/ance4 ,"o ( ,mr4 ,burbank's critics--,i am sorry he has s _m1 = !y are n all hone/ or s]i\s--"o ( 8 critics1 9 relation to ! cross+ ( walnuts1 said t x 0 due to no p>ticul> skill on ! "p ( ,mr4 ,burbank1 =1 :5ev] ! w9d blew f ! ea/1 he regrett$ to say t 8 entire or*>d ( ,p]sian walnuts became poll9iz$ f ! ,cali=nia black walnuts ne>ly half a mile away4 ,?is is an exagg]ation1 because ! *ances are t mo/ ( ! ,p]sian walnuts 7 poll5iz$ f _! own poll51 b 9 ! case ( "s ,p]sian walnuts blossom+ e>ly1 & develop+ female fl[]s 9 advance ( male fl[]s1 poll5 might be c>ri$ to !m f half a mile away 9 a high w9d f ,cali=nia black walnut trees4 ,black walnut poll5 w\ld !n f]tilize pi/illate fl[]s ( ! ,p]sian walnut4 ,i h f\nd ?is a real dang]1 ?is dang] ( w9d-poll9ation at a di/ance1 mu* to my surprise4 ,la/ ye> ,i poll9iz$ "o or two l[] bran*es ( female fl[]s ( a butt]nut tree :i* _h no o!r butt]nut tree )9 a di/ance ( a good _m rods1 s f> away t ,i _h no idea t ! poll5 w\ld be c>ri$ f ! tree ) male fl[]s to ! "o :i* happ5$ to h female fl[]s only t ye>2 consequ5tly ,i plac$ pecan poll5 on ! female fl[]s ( ! l[] bran*es ( ?is butt]nut tree )\t protect+ !m ) bags1 & left ! re/ ( ! tree ungu>d$4 ,!re 7 no male fl[]s on t butt]nut tree t ye>4 ,mu* to my surprise1 n only my poll9iz$ fl[]s b ! :ole tree bore a good crop ( butt]nuts4 ,?is ye>1 on acc\nt ( ! dr\ght1 _m ( ! hickory trees bore female fl[]s only4 ,i d n "k t x 0 on acc\nt ( ! dr\ght1 b ,i h not$ t aft] seasons ( dr\ght1 trees are apt to be> fl[]s ( "o sex or ! o!r1 trees :i* normally be> fl[]s ( bo? sexes4 ,?is ye> a numb] ( hickory trees bore fl[]s ( "o sex only1 & ,i not$ t "s %agb>k trees :i* _h no male fl[]s _h fairly good crops ( nuts f poll5 bl[n f a di/ance f o!r trees4 ,i _h "o pignut tree 7,h4 ,glabra7 full ( female fl[]s :i* conta9$ only "o male fl[]1 s f> z ,i c\ld discov] & :i* ,i remov$4 ,on "o side ( ?is tree 0 a bitt]nut2 on ! o!r side a %agb>k4 ,?is tree bore a full crop ( pignuts1 7,hicoria glabra7 evid5tly poll9iz$ on "o side by ! bitt]nut & on ! o!r side by ! %agb>k ,^! po9ts are made = ! purpose ( %[+ ! necessity ( cov]+ ! female fl[]s ) bags 9 our nut tree hybridizations4 ,we mu/ spr9kle ,p]sian insect p[d] inside ! bags or insects w increase "u protection4 ,:5 we h plac$ bags ov] female fl[]s1 x is necess>y to m>k ! limb2 o!rwise1 o!r nuts borne on neighbor+ limbs w be mi/ak5 = ! hybridiz$ nuts unless we c>efully place a m>k ab\t ! limb4 ,copp] wire twi/$ loosely is1 ,i f9d1 ! be/4 ,copp] wire c>ry+ a copp] tag ) ! names ( ! trees :i* are cross$ is be/4 ,if ,i m>k ! limb ) /r+ or ) /rong cord ,i f9d !re are _m ways = its disappe>ance4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ! birds l x s well t !y w untie squ>e knots 9 ord] to put x into _! ne/s4 ,lat] 9 ! season ! squirrels w bite (f ^! m>ks made ) cords = no o!r purpose1 s f> z ,i "k1 except satisfy+ a love ( mis*ief4 ,n[ ,i am n psy*ologi/ en\gh to /ate t ?is is ! reason = ! action ( ! r$ squirrel1 & c only rememb] t :5 ,i 0 a boy ,i us$ to d ?+s t ! r$ squirrel n[ does4 7,laught]47 ,consequ5tly1 on t basis1 ,i trac$ ! psy*ology back to pla9 pure mis*ief4 ,r$ squirrels & :ite foot$ mice mu/ be look$ aft] ) great c>e 9 our hybridiz$ trees4 ,if ! squirrels _c get at a nut t is surr\nd$ by wire clo?1 !y w cut (f ! bran* & all[ x to fall to ! gr\nd & !n manage to get x out4 ,:ite foot$ mice w make _! way ?r\gh wire1 & mice & squirrels w bo? manage to bite ?r\gh wire clo? unless x is v /rong 9 ord] to get at ! nut4 ,! m]e fact ( nuts be+ protect$ by wire clo? or 9 o!r ways seems to attract ! att5tion ( squirrels4 ,"o ( my m51 a ,russian1 said1 9 r brok5 ,engli%1 ,me try rememb] :i* nuts poll9iz$2 no put on wire1 no put on tag1 no put on no?+2 squirrel see t1 see "r /raight1 bite (f "o :]e y put sign = him4 7,laught]47 ,! be/ way = keep+ squirrels & :ite foot$ mice f asc5d+ a tree1 ,i f9d is by tack+ common t91 slipp]y smoo? t91 ar\nd ! trunk ( ! tree & ?is may be left on only dur+ ! "t :5 squirrels are likely to asc5d ! tree4 ,!y w beg9 long be=e ! nuts are ripe4 ,9 ! case ( hazel nuts1 ,i h surr\nd$ ! bu%es ) a wire f5ce or wire me%1 leav+ a little op5+ on "o side1 & h plac$ /eel traps 9 ! op5+4 ,n[ "h ent]s a dang] :i* "o does n le>n ab\t except+ f practical exp]i5ce4 ,i w5t out "o morn+ %ortly aft] hav+ ?\ght ( ?is bright idea & f\nd two gray squirrels 9 ! traps4 ,!y _h foll[$ _! natural in/9ct ( climb+ :5 !y got into ! /eel traps1 & climb+ wildly _h brok5 (f e s+le bran* f ^? hazels :i* c>ri$ hybridiz$ nuts4 ,!re wasn't "o left1 because ! squirrels :5 caught _h climb$ into ! trees & _h s viol5tly torn ab\t ) trap & *a9 t !y _h brok5 (f e s+le bran* ) a nut on x4 ,s _m ?+s happ5 9 our exp]im5ts t appeal to "o's s5se ( ! ludicr\s1 if he has a s5se ( humor1 t ,i assure y nut rais+ is a s\rce ( great delight to ^? :o are fond ( ! drama4 ,! field ( hybridiz+ nut trees (f]s enorm\s prospects4 ,we are only j ^u ! m>g9 ( ?is field1 j beg9n+ to look into ! vi/a4 ,x has be5 done only 9 a limit$ way1 s f>1 by cross+ poll5 & fl[]s "u q normal conditions4 ,we may look =w>d to ext5d+ ! range n[ ( poll9ization f k bas$ ^u ! exp]im5ts ( ,loeb & 8 foll[]s 9 biology4 ,!y h succe$$ 9 develop+ embryos f ! eggs ( ! sea ur*91 ( ! n]eis1 & ( mollusks1 )\t sp]matozoa4 ,_! "w has %[n t ea* egg is a s+le cell ) a cell membrane & x is only necess>y to de/roy ?is cell membrane accord+ to a def9ite plan to />t t egg to gr[+4 ,life may be />t$ f ! egg 9 c]ta9 species )\t ! pres5ce ( ! o!r sex4 ,?is may lead u into a trem5d\s new field 9 our horticultural "w4 ,we may be able to treat g]m cells ) acids or o!r sub/ances :i* de/roy ! cell membrane s z to all[ cross+ betwe5 v widely sep>at$ species & g5]a4 ,loeb1 by de/roy+ ! cell membrane ( ! sea ur*91 0 enabl$ to cross ! sea ur*9 ) ! /> fi%1 & no "o kn[s b we may be able1 foll[+ ?is l9e ( exp]im5tation1 ev5tually to cross ! %agb>k hickory ) a pumpk9 & get a %agb>k hickory nut half ! size ( ! pumpk94 ,t is all6 7,applause47 99 99 99 99 99 7,presid5t ,morris !n took ! *air47 ,! ,*airman3 ,please let me add t ! hickory pumpk9 idea is n to be tak5 s]i\sly4 ,t is a highly speculative proposition4 ,i h f\nd "s times t1 9 a v sci5tific audi5ce1 m5 :o 7 tra9$ 9 me?ods ( sci5ce1 _h v little selvage ( humor1--little m>g9 = any pleasantry1 b ?is highly speculative sugge/ion1 curi\sly en\gh1 is n 9 fact m speculative ?an w\ld h be5 ! idea twelve ye>s ago t y c\ld hat* an egg1 />t an egg to developm5t--)\t f]tilization4 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,i w\ld l to ask h[ widely y h be5 able to cross species8 ,! ,*airman3 ,x has be5 possible to cross species ( hazels freely ) ! f\r species t ,i h us$1 ! ,am]ican hazel1 ,corylus ,am]icana2 ! beak hazel1 ,corylus ro/rata2 ! ,asiatic1 ,corylus colurna1 & ,corylus pontica4 ,^! app>5tly cross readily back & =?4 ,) ! hickories ,i ?9k r free hybridization occurs back & =? among all1 b p>ticul>ly 9 relation to gr\ps4 ,! op5-bud hickories1 compris+ ! pecan1 ! bitt]nut1 ! wat] hickory1 & ! nutmeg hickory1 app>5tly1 f my exp]im5ts1 cross mu* m readily among ea* o!r ?an !y cross ) ! scale-bud hickories4 ,! scale-bud hickories appe> to cross mu* m freely among ea* o!r ?an !y cross ) ! op5-bud hickories2 n only species b g5]a may be cross$1 & ,i f9d t ! walnuts app>5tly cross freely ) ! op5-bud hickories & ! op5-bud hickories cross ) ! walnuts4 ,i h ?irty-two crosses betwe5 ! bitt]nut hickory & our common butt]nut1 gr[+4 ,all ( ! walnuts app>5tly cross r freely back & =? ) ea* o!r4 ,i h n secur$ f]tile nuts betwe5 ! oaks & *e/nuts1 b ,i believe t we may get f]tile nuts ev5tually4 ,! nuts fill well ^u ^! two trees f]tiliz$ ) ea* o!rs' poll5 respectively1 b ,i h n z yet secur$ f]tile ones4 ,we %all f9d "s f]tile crosses ,i ?9k betwe5 oaks & *e/nuts1 :5 en\gh species h be5 tri$4 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,d y notice any diff]5ce 9 ! %apes ( any ( ^? hybrids1 ! nuts1 :5 y get !m matur$ & h>ve/$8 ,d !y look any diff]5t f ! o!r nuts on ! tree8 ,! ,*airman3 ,!re isn't v mu* diff]5ce1 b ,i seem to ?9k t sometimes ! poll5 has ex]cis$ an influ5ce ^u ! nuts ( ! ye>4 ,!oretically x %\ld n d s1 b ,i notic$ "o case app>5tly 9 :i* ,i cross$ a *9kap9 ) a ,*9ese *e/nut1 & ! nuts ( t ye> seem$ to me to pres5t "s ( ! ,*9ese *e/nuts' *>act]i/ics4 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,?is ye> ,i cross$ a numb] ( v>ieties ( pecans & 9 ne>ly all ^? crosses !re 0 to me q an evid5t diff]5ce 9 ! nuts4 ,= in/ance ^? ga!r$ (f c]ta9 p>ts ( a pecan tree ( c]ta9 v>ieties1 ,s*ley or ,curtis or ,frots*]1 w\ld be typical nuts1 b ^? hybrids or crosses t ,i produc$ 7 di/ort$1 m or less mis%ap5 & seem$ to h peculi>ities2 s t :5 we came to look ov] ! colony we 7 9 d\bt :e!r !y 7 h& poll9at$ hybrids or _h be5 poll9at$ be=e we got ! blossoms cov]$4 ,_m ( !m evid5c$ a great numb] ( di/ortions1 & "o ( !m ,i rememb] p>ticul>ly ^: %ell 0 s ?9 x 0 j l a piece ( br[n pap]2 & !re 7 sev]al peculi>ities t 7 q noticeable 9 ^? h& poll9at$ nuts4 ,! ,*airman3 ,t is a v int]e/+ po9t4 ,:5 we come to consid] de=mities ( nuts we %all f9d v _m cases due to ! "* ( ! poll9ization4 ,i cross$ ! ,p]sian walnut ) ! %agb>k hickory & _h nuts t ye> ( j ! sort ( :i* ,mr4 ,hunt speaks1 ) %ells z ?9 z pap]4 ,"o c\ld cru% !m ) ! v slighte/ pressure ( ! f+]4 ,! %ells 7 n well develop$4 ,un=tunately ! mice happ5$ to get at all ( ^? nuts4 ,i don't "k if !y 7 f]tile or n4 ,! k]nels 7 only ab\t half develop$4 ,i %\ld look = de=mity 9 ^! nuts r ?an a tak+ on ( ! type ( "o p>5t ov] ! o!r1 ! idea be+ bas$ on !oretical biological consid]ations4 ,we _h la/ ye> a photograph ( a tree 9 ,cali=nia :i* app>5tly 0 a cross1 a v odd cross--does any "o rememb] ab\t t ,cali=nia tree8 ,mr4 ,wilcox3 ,x 0 a cross betwe5 ,juglans ,cali=nica & ! live oak4 ,! ,*airman3 ,bo? ! foliage & ! nuts 7 v rem>kable & p]ta9$ to *>act]s ( ^! two trees4 ,su* a cross to my m9d w\ld be :olly unexpla9able except+ on ! gr\nd rec5tly br\ght out by ,loeb & 8 foll[]s 9 cross+ ! l[] =ms ( animal life & f9d+ t ! cell membrane ( ! egg1 if de/roy$1 w all[ ( v wide f]tilization subsequ5tly ) o!r species4 ,x occurs to me n[--,i _h no explanation la/ ye>1 b x occurs to me n[1 kn[+ ( ,loeb's exp]im5ts--t x is possible t "o ( ! p>5ts1 ! p>5t ,cali=nia oak tree c>ry+ ! female fl[]s1 might h _h its sex cells subject$ to "s peculi> influ5ce l acid1 sulphur\s acid1 = in/ance1 f "s ne>by *imney4 ,sulphur\s acid p]haps f someone m]ely light+ a mat* to light a cig> "u ! tree2 he might h s s5sitiz$ a few female fl[]s1 may h s injur$ ! cell membrane ( a few female g]m cells t cross poll9ization !n took place f a walnut tree4 ,x is only on "s su* gr\nd z ! f9d+s ( ,loeb t we c expla9 su* a v unusual hybridization z t1 :i* appe>$ to me a valid "o1 ( a cross betwe5 an oak & a walnut4 7,secret>y ,dem+ !n call$ att5tion to hybrids 9 ! v>i\s exhibits47 ,pr(essor ,smi?3 ,i %\ld l to ask :y1 if ?is free hybridization takes place 9 nature among ! hickories1 y d n h a p]fect complex ( trees %[+ all possible v>iations 9 ! =e/4 ,! ,*airman3 ,9 answ] to ,pr(essor ,smi?'s "q ,i w />t f 8 premises & rem>k t we d h su* complexities4 ,! hickories are s cross$ at ! pres5t "t1 l our apples1 t ev5 cross+ ! poll5 ( v>i\s hickory trees ( any "o species does n promise int]e/+ results unless we cross an enorm\s numb]4 ,!y are already s widely cross$ t x is v difficult sometimes to det]m9e if a c]ta9 tree is %agb>k or pignut or %ellb>k or mock]nut4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! v>i\s species & v>ieties ( hickories reta9 _! id5tity because _! own poll5 is h&ie/1 & diff]5t species d n all fl[] at ! same "t4 ,_! own poll5 f ! male fl[]s is apt to fall at ! "t :5 _! own female fl[]s are ripe & "u ^! circum/ances ! *ances are v mu* 9 favor ( ! tree poll9iz+ its female fl[]s ) its own poll54 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is h>dly "o *ance 9 _m hundr$ ?\s& = any cross$ nut to gr[1 = ! reason t mo/ nuts are de/roy$ by mice1 squirrels1 rats & boys4 ,if y h a hickory nut tree gr[+ 9 a lot1 & :i* has produc$ a bu%el ( hickory nuts ye> aft] ye>1 d y "k ( "o s+le nut f t tree :i* has gr[n8 ,9 ?is plan ( ,nature1 ?is plan ( enorm\s wa/e ( ,nature 9 ord] to get "o se$ to gr[1 ! *ance = a hybridiz$ hickory nut to gr[ "u normal conditions1 is s small t we %\ld h relatively few cross$ trees gr[+ wild 9 ,nature1 ?\gh we d f9d q a good _m ( !m4 ,pr(essor ,smi?3 ,if ,i am n tak+ up too mu* "t1 ,i w\ld l to put "s m que/ions to y4 ,! ,*airman3 ,t's :at we are "h =4 ,pr(essor ,smi?3 ,h y ev] tri$ ! plan ( s]v+ collations to squirrels8 ,:y w\ldn't x pay to give !m portions ( :eat & corn8 ,second1 :at p]c5tage ( ! oak poll5 kept 9 cold /orage a mon? 0 alive8 ,?ird1 :at is ! range ( "t t ! hybridiz] has to make ! poll9ization8 ,mu/ we g on ! dot or h we two days or f\r days or a week1 9 ! case ( hickories & walnuts8 ,! ,*airman3 ,i ?9k possibly z ^! are ?ree direct que/ions1 ,i might answ] !m n[4 ,no1 ,i ?9k x w\ld be bett] to h all que/ions be>+ on ?is subject br\ght out & !n ,i w answ] all toge!r4 ,s if y w k9dly ask all ! que/ions1 ,i w !n endeavor to answ] !m4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,! squirrels bo!r$ me la/ ye>4 ,i've got =ty acres ( l& = exp]im5tal purposes only & ,i />t$ plant+ & ! little begg>s w\ld dig d[n exactly :]e ,i plant$ ! nuts1 s ,i w5t into t[n & got a rat trap ) a d\ble section s ,i c\ld cat* !m alive2 & ,i caught s _m by fe$+ !m *eap pignuts1 ! sweet pignuts f ,mi*igan1 t ,i br\ght !m 9 & my boys sold !m = tw5ty-five c5ts apiece4 ,s9ce !n we h nev] be5 bo!r$ ) r$ squirrels4 ,= ! :ite foot$ mice ,i laid d[n l>ge doors ov] "s hay or long grass & !y ga!r$ und]nea? & !n ,i lift$ ! doors up e day & ) a /ick ,i sma%$ hundr$s ( !m4 ,i h po/$ a notice to leave ! skunk & m9k alone2 ,i don't want anybody on ! place %oot+ !m4 ,! ,*airman3 ,i w fir/ answ] ,pr(essor ,smi?'s que/ions4 ,?is matt] ( s]v+ collations = squirrels _h be/ be done z collations are s]v$ at political meet+s--) a trap atta*$4 ,y don't "k h[ _m squirrels !re are 9 ! vic9ity or h[ _m :ite foot$ mice4 ,y w be surpris$ at ! numb]s ( ! little rascals1 & n only t1 b ! field mice1 ! common field m\se & p9e m\se run 9 mole holes "u ! gr\nd & c smell a nut a long way (f4 ,!y are extremely de/ructive4 ,:at p]c5tage ( poll5 gra9s ( ! :ite oak 7 alive8 ,i d n "k4 ,en\gh to f]tilize a numb] ( fl[]s4 ,! soon] poll5 is us$ ! bett]4 ,i _c answ] ! "q exactly because ,i did n make an exp]im5t 9 ! laboratory to "k :at "p ( ! poll5 0 viable4 ,i put on a good deal ( x & !re 7 at lea/ "s viable gra9s 9 ! lot4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is a matt] :i* c be subject$ to exact laboratory te/s )\t any difficulty4 ,i am s busy ) s _m ?+s t ,i c only foll[ ! plan ( ! gu9ea h5 t lays =ty eggs & sits 9 ! middle ( ! ne/ & hat*es out all %e c4 ,n[ ! range ( "t = poll9iz+ is a ?+ ( v great importance & we h to le>n ab\t x4 ,we mu/ all furni% notes on ?is "q4 ,) "s species ,i presume ! duration ( life ( poll51 ev5 "u ! be/ conditions1 might be only a few days4 ,"u o!r conditions x may be sev]al weeks2 b we h to rememb] t1 9 deal+ ) poll51 we are deal+ ) a liv+1 brea?+ organism4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,i believe ! exp]im5t has be5 c>ri$ to completion ( fruit+ a ?\s& trees f nuts gr[n on "o pecan tree )\t two ( ! result+ nuts be+ l "o ano!r or l ! p>5t nut4 ,is t true1 ,mr4 ,re$4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,yes1 y might say t5 ?\s&4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,we h an illu/ration ( ! v>iability ( ! prog5y ( a nut 9 ?is collection ( *e/nuts by ,mr4 ,riehl out 9 ,ill9ois4 ,?is is a p>5t nut1 ! ,ro*e/]1 & ^! o!rs are se$l+s f ! ,ro*e/]1 except :]e m>k$ o!rwise1 "s %[+ a t5d5cy to rev]t to ! p>5t1 & "s promis+ to be improvem5ts on ! p>5ts4 ,! ,*airman3 ,mr4 ,secret>y1 ,i ?9k we'd bett] conf9e ourselves to ! hybrid "q at ! pres5t "t4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,are n ^? all hybrids8 ,! ,*airman3 ,i don't believe any man c tell1 unless y get ! fl[]s1 because y h ! ,am]ican & ,european types m]g+ toge!r s p]fectly4 ,"s ( !m %[ di/9ctly ! ,european type2 o!rs %[ di/9ctly ! ,am]ican type4 ,t is :at ,i w\ld expect1 h[ev]4 ,! practical po9t is ! "q ( quality4 ,:i* "o keeps ! ,am]ican quality & :i* "o reta9s ! co>s5ess ( ! ,european type8 ,mr4 ,h>ris3 ,speak+ ( v>iations ( nuts ,i ?9k x is well kn[n t !re is q a v>iation 9 ! nuts ( ! oak4 ,i notic$ 9 "o species1 mi*auxii1 :i* is an oak 9 ! ,s\?1 t its nuts v>i$ a great deal4 ,x is some?+ ( ! type ( ! *e/nut1 ! :ite oak or ! rock oaks & x v>ies a great deal4 ,i f\nd "o on my fa!r's range 9 ,new ,j]sey & also "o on ! ,potomac4 ,! v>iations ext5d to ! trees z well z ! nuts4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! oak tree prop]ly belongs 9 ano!r tree gr\p & "s ( ! acorns are n only edible1 b fir/-rate4 ,9 ,*9a !re are at lea/ ?ree species f\nd 9 ! m>kets to be eat5 out ( h& or roa/$4 ,our :ite oaks "h1 "s ( !m1 be> v good fruit1 f ! /&po9t ( ! boy & ! pig1 anyway1 & x seems to me t we may prop]ly include ! oaks 9 our discussion4 ,!re w\ld be great range 9 v>iation ( type f hybridization betwe5 oak trees & ,i h se5 a numb] ( oak trees t 7 evid5tly hybrids1 :]e ! p>5tage c\ld be trac$ on bo? sides1 t 7 held at v high prices by ! nurs]ym54 ,i ask$ "o nurs]yman1 :o want$ an enorm\s price = "o hybrid oak1 :y he didn't make t5 ?\s& ( ^? = himself next ye>8 ,x hadn't occurr$ to him4 ,if !re is no fur!r discussion 9 connection ) my pap] we w h ,mr4 ,littlepage's pap] on ,nut ,promotions4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,dr4 ,dem+ said t he ?\ght x might be "t t we h some?+ j a little light]--t ei!r he %\ld read a pap] or ,i4 7,laught]47 ,inasmu* z he includ$ himself1 ,i took no (f5se :atev]4 ,! subject ,i h writt5 on1 r\ghly & hurri$ly1 is ,fraudul5t & ,un9=m$ ,promot]s4 ,,fraudul5t ,,& ,,un9=m$ ,,promot]s ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mr4 ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage ,,( ,,indiana ,presid5t ( ! ,association ,9 ! beg9n+1 let me ass]t my confid5ce & int]e/ 9 agriculture 9 g5]al4 ,?is is "o ( ! basic indu/ries1 ^u ! prop] und]/&+ & gr[? ( :i* dep5ds ! food supply ( ! nation4 ,x is admitt$ by sci5ti/s t1 o!r conditions be+ equal1 an adequacy or inadequacy 9 ! supply ( prop] food makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 great p & undesirable p4 ,?is be+ true1 ! v>i\s op]ations ( agriculture mu/ always be ( ! greate/ conc]n to ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! nation's welf>e4 ,! back-to-!-f>m movem5t is be+ discuss$ today 9 v>i\s p]iodicals1 b back ( ! back-to-!-f>m movem5t is a philosophy t has n be5 g5]ally und]/ood4 ,x is n prop] "h to take "t to discuss ! reasons :y ! man 9 ! /e5? /ory ( "s magnific5t (fice build+1 ) telephones1 electric lights1 elevators1 & all mod]n conv5i5ces1 longs = ! "t :5 he c roam aga9 amid/ ! gre5 fields 9 ! sun%9e & fre% air1 b suffice x to say t 9 my judgm5t a majority ( ! pr(essional m51 & m5 9 o!r walks ( life1 w\ld1 if !y c\ld1 ab&on _! v>i\s employm5ts & turn aga9 to ! soil4 ,! boy on ! f>m dreams ( ! days :5 he c be ! presid5t ( a bank1 h a home 9 ! city1 own an automobile1 smoke good cig>s & g to ! %[ e night4 ,! bank presid5t dreams ( ! day :5 he c turn aga9 to ! f>m & walk 9 ! gre5 fields1 :]e he c %un ! v>i\s artificial activities ( life1 dr9k butt]milk & retire ) ! *ick5s4 ,x may be ask$ :at connection ^! /atem5ts h ) ! subject1 & ! answ] is ?is--t 9 ! m9ds ( _m ?\s&s ( p !re is ?is supreme desire to "s day own a portion ( ,god's foot/ool to :i* !y c retire f artificial & va+lori\s environm5ts to ^? "u :i* !y c be _! real selves & foll[ pursuits to _! lik+4 ,x is ?is t makes x possible = ! promot] ( v>i\s horticultural ent]prises to succe$ 9 int]e/+ 9 8 s*emes ! cl]k1 ! m]*ant1 ! doctor1 ! lawy]1 ! s*ool tea*]1 ! prea*]1 & all o!rs ^: occupations conf9e !m )9 ! limits ( ! great cities4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 let u di/+ui% betwe5 ! fraudul5t promot] & ! un9=m$ promot]4 ,! fraudul5t promot] is he :o recognizes ?is great & wor?y ambition ( _m p to buy a spot to :i* !y c "s day retire & "w & re/ & dream & enjoy ! com+ & go+ ( ! seasons1 & ! sun%9e & ! %ad[s1 & :o capitalizes ?is ambition1 ) t indu/ry z 8 /ock 9 trade :i*1 at ! p>ticul> mom5t1 happ5s to (f] ! mo/ attractive inducem5ts4 ,^? famili> ) ! indu/ry he is exploit+1 c tell him by 8 actions1 by 8 words1 by 8 nods & w9ks4 ,x is h>d = ! crook to disguise himself to ! in=m$4 ,di/+ui%$ f ! fraudul5t promot] is ! un9=m$ promot]1 b1 s f> z results are conc]n$1 !re is n mu* diff]5ce betwe5 !m = ! innoc5t inve/or4 ,!y bo? lead him to failure4 ,!y are unlike only 9 ?is1 t ! pa?way ( ! "o is l9$ ) deception1 crook$ness & *ican]y2 ( ! o!r1 ) bla/$ hopes bas$ ^u good int5tions b bad in=mation4 ,bo? lead to ! self-same sepul*] :i* 9 ! di/ance looks :ite & beautiful b :5 rea*$ is fill$ ) ! bones ( dead m54 ,!re is n mu* diff]5ce aft] all1 :5 "o comes "r d[n to ! facts1 betwe5 ! crook :o />ts out delib]ately to get "o's money & ! fell[ :o />ts out 9 ignorance & makes great promises ( returns t he kn[s no?+ ab\t4 ,bo? succe$ 9 gett+ "o's money & bo? succe$ 9 mislead+ ^? :o h a desire to lay aside some?+ = _! old days4 ,we naturally feel m *>ity = him :o has good int5tions1 b :o fails1 ?an = him :o />ts out ) bad int5tions4 ,b1 aft] all1 only results c\nt4 ,did y ev] receive ! lit]ature ( "o ( ^! v>i\s conc]ns t has pecan or apple or*>ds to sell8 ,h[ beautiful _! s*emes look on pap]6 ,) :at exquisite c>e !y h work$ out ! pictures & ! language & ! columns ( figures %[+ ! pr(its6 ,:ile writ+ ?is article ,i h be=e me a prospectus ( a c]ta9 pecan company t pr9ts columns ( attractive figures4 ,fe>ful1 h[ev]1 t ! figures w\ld n conv9ce1 x has resort$ to all ! v>i\s s*emes ( ! pr9t]s' art 9 its portrayal ( ! prospective pr(its f a grove set to pecans & ,satsuma oranges1 & x tells y 9 conclusion t x gu>antees by a bond1 und]writt5 by a responsible tru/ company1 ! fulfillm5t ( all its repres5tations4 ,yet :at are ! facts8 ,_! l&s are locat$ 9 a section :]e ! !rmomet] falls to a po9t t makes highly improbable ! pr(itable gr[+ ( ,satsuma oranges4 ,& all _! figures are m]ely e/imates ( ! wilde/ "*1 pr9t$ 9 attractive columns1 bas$ ^u no?+4 ,z a memb] ( ! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s ,association ,i 0 ?is ye> *airman ( ! committee on or*>d records4 ,i s5t out blanks1 ) li/s ( que/ions1 to _m prom95t nut gr[]s to see if ,i c\ld secure data ^u :i* to base a report to ! association4 ,! replies ,i receiv$ %[$ ! exi/5ce ( "s v promis+ "y or*>ds ( small size1 well c>$ =1 b !y also %[$ t !re 0 no su* ?+ z an intellig5t report ^u :i* reliable data z to ! be>+ records ( or*>ds c\ld be bas$ = any future calculations4 ,!re are two reasons = ?is4 ,fir/1 mo/ ( ! figures we h are bas$ ^u ! records ( a few pet trees ar\nd ! doory>d or g>d51 gr[n "u favorable conditions4 ,second1 ! "y groves are n yet old en\gh = anyone to say1 ) any degree ( accuracy1 :at ! results w be4 ,!re=e1 ! allur+ figures pr9t$ 9 ^! pamphlets are only guesses4 ,fur!rmore1 :at ( ! contract ( ^! conc]ns8 ,:at does x specify8 ,y w\ld be surpris$ to "k ! legal con/ruction ( "o ( ^! contracts1 toge!r ) _! gu>anty bond4 ,9 mo/ cases !y adv]tise to plant1 & prop]ly cultivate = a p]iod ( five to sev5 ye>s1 or*>ds ( ! f9e/ v>ieties ( budd$ or graft$ pecan trees1 ) ,satsuma oranges or figs set betwe54 ,b ! gu>anty company is usually wise en\gh to h lawy]s :o are able to advise !m ( _! liabilities1 & ab\t all !y actually gu>antee is t1 aft] a p]iod ( five ye>s1 provid$ all paym5ts h be5 promptly met1 !re w be turn$ ov] to ! pur*as] five acres ( gr\nd ) trees ^u x4 ,five ye>s old8 ,no1 !y may n be "o ye> old4 ,budd$ or graft$8 ,no1 !y may be m]e se$l+s4 ,oranges set betwe5 !m8 ,no1 ! orange has pass$ out ( ! proposition be=e ! bond /age4 ,! companies g5]ally pr9t a copy ( ! bond1 b usually 9 su* small type t ! victim does n read x1 ?\gh ! head+ is always prom95t4 ,x ?und]s 9 ! index & fizzles 9 ! context4 ,moreov]1 suppose suit is br\ght on "o ( ^! contracts & bonds8 ,:at is ! measure ( damages8 ,:at basis has any c\rt or jury = fix+ damages8 ,& be x rememb]$ t c\rts d n exi/ = ! protection ( fools aga9/ _! folly4 ,! pr9ciple caveat emptor is z old z ! common law itself1 & x means t ! buy] mu/ bew>e1 or 9 o!r words1 t he %\ld in=m himself1 & t he _c expect ! c\rts to protect him :]e he has fail$ to ex]cise due caution & dilig5ce4 ,!re=e1 z a lawy]1 ,i %\ld v mu* hesitate to take on a cont+5t fee ! suit ( "o ( ^! v>i\s victims aga9/ a promot+ or*>d corporation4 ,h[ev]1 9 any jurisdiction :]e !re is a crim9al /atute aga9/ fraudul5t repres5tation & obta9+ money "u false pret5ses1 ,i %\ld n hesitate1 if ,i 7 ! prosecut+ attorney1 to indict e memb] ( su* a corporation1 &1 to su/a9 ! case1 ,i w\ld simply pres5t to a jury ( hone/ m5 ! repres5tations 9 _! adv]tis+ lit]ature1 & !n h ! c\rt in/ruct ! same jury z to ! validity & limitations ( _! contract4 ,_! adv]tis+ is brilliant en\gh to dazzle ! sun4 ,_! contract is z dull z a mud pie4 ,9 addition to all ( ?is comes ! "q ( or*>d+ by proxy1 & ! success ( ! unit or acreage sy/em1 & _m o!r simil> que/ions2 & let me say t ,i d\bt if !re is today 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates "o l>ge developm5t s*eme1 ei!r 9 pecan or apple or*>ds1 t w prove ( ultimate f9ancial pr(it & success to ! pur*as]4 ,! promot] may get ri*--he has no?+ at /ake4 ,9 mo/ in/ances he has ! price ( ! l& 9 8 pocket be=e !re is a lick ( "w done on x1 & ! paym5ts come 9 regul>ly & promptly to take c>e ( 8 sal>y & ! meag] & unsci5tific developm5t4 ,( c\rse ,i w\ld n be und]/ood z say+ t pecan or apple or*>ds _c be made pr(itable4 ,i am ( ! op9ion t reasonable siz$ or*>ds 9 prop] locations & prop] soil1 ( prop] v>ieties1 ) prop] c>e 9 h&l+1 are good inve/m5ts1 &1 z pro( ( my confid5ce1 ,i am plant+ or*>ds bo? 9 ! nor? & s\?4 ,! adjective prop] :i* ,i h us$ "h may seem insignificant at ! />t b1 believe me1 be=e y h begun to clip ! c\pons (f y\r or*>d bonds ?is adjective w loom up z important z ,web/]'s ,unabridg$ ,diction>y4 ,9 fact y w wond] h[ x has be5 possible = anyone to =eca/ 9 "o ^w su* compreh5sive k4 ,?9k ( a man a ?\s& miles away putt+ money into ! h&s ( "s unkn[n conc]n1 = five acres ( unkn[n l&1 to be set 9 unkn[n v>ieties ( trees1 to be c>$ = by unkn[n individuals4 ,c he n see t1 9 keep+ ) all ! o!r unkn[n factors1 8 pr(its mu/ also be unkn[n8 ,we look at a great indu/rial ent]prise1 su* z ! /eel tru/1 & m>vel at its success4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is indu/ry />t$ _m ye>s ago1 & /ep by /ep built furnace aft] furnace & mill aft] mill1 aft] ! own]s _h tri$ out & become famili> ) all ! factors ( t indu/ry1 & aft] great corps ( tra9$ exp]ts _h be5 develop$1 & aft] sci5ce _h giv5 to ?is indu/ry _m ( ! mo/ m>vel\s me*anical inv5tions ( ! age4 ,^! facts are ov]look$1 h[ev]1 :5 "s fell[ /eps up & proposes to put a /eel-tru/-or*>d on ! m>ket 9 twelve mon?s4 ,9 mo/ indu/rial ent]prises !re are well-kn[n & e/abli%$ factors to be consid]$4 ,9 horticultural ent]prises1 h[ev]1 no man kn[s :at twelve mon?s h5ce w br+4 ,i read ! o!r day ) great int]e/ ! prospectus ( a great pecan or*>d />t$ sev]al ye>s ago by a v honorable & high-m9d$ man1 & ! promises ( success 7 mo/ allur+4 ,:at are ! facts8 ,! boll weevil came along & wip$ out 8 int]m$iate cotton crops4 ,! floods came lat] & de/roy$ acres ( 8 or*>ds1 &1 if he 7 to write a prospectus today1 x w\ld no d\bt be a /atem5t ( hope r ?an a /atem5t ( facts4 ,he w\ld no d\bt turn f ! ,book ( ,revelations1 :]e at t "t he saw a new heav5 & a new e>?1 & write f ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 :]e ! e>? 0 )\t =m & void4 ,h[ _m p h be5 defraud$ by ^! v>i\s s*emes1 no "o kn[s4 ,h[ _m cl]ks1 b>b]s1 bookkeep]s1 /5ograph]s1 /ud5ts1 prea*]s1 doctors1 lawy]s1 h contribut$ funds = f>ms & future homes 9 sections :]e !y w\ld n live if !y own$ half ( ! c\nty4 ,h[ _m p h be5 sep>at$ f _! ca% by lit]ature adv]tis+ ri*1 f]tile l&s 9 sections :]e ! alligator w bask unmole/$ 9 miasma = ! next fifty ye>s1 & :]e projects %\ld be sold by ! gallon in/ead ( by ! acre4 ,"s "t ago x 0 report$ t inquiries 9 ref]5ce to ! feasibility & pr(its ( v>i\s or*>d s*emes _h come 9 to ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry ( ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 at ,wa%+ton1 9 su* numb]s t ! (ficials ( t ,bureau _h consid]$ ! advisability ( pr9t+ a g5]al circul>1 :i* !y c\ld s5d to ! inquir]s1 advis+ !m to make due inve/igation1 & giv+ a few g5]al sugge/ions ab\t proxy f>m+ & or*>d s*emes4 ,i 0 advis$ by a fri5d 9 ! middle we/ t ! contemplat$ issuance ( ?is circul> by ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry _h ar\s$ a numb] ( prote/s ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & t v>i\s ,s5ators & ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives _h ent]$ /rong prote/s ) ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture aga9/ x4 ,a numb] ( ^! prote/s h come to my notice1 & !y take v>i\s =ms ( opposition1 b are all unanim\s aga9/ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture (f]+ to ! prospective pur*as] any in=mation4 ,v>i\s reasons = _! /& 7 giv5 by ! prote/ants1 b h[ flimsy & ridicul\s !y are :5 analyz$4 ,congress = a numb] ( ye>s has be5 appropriat+ money & au?oriz+ c]ta9 "w by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,x is ! p's money1 & ! p's ,dep>tm5t1 & ! in=mation ga!r$ by ! exp]ts 9 ?is ,dep>tm5t ought to be ! p's in=mation1 & x ought to be possible = any citiz5 to write ! ,dep>tm5t a lett] ab\t any proposition t he has receiv$ f any ( ^! v>i\s promot]s1 & h ! advice ( ^? :o "k mo/ ab\t x4 ,i suppose ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture has entirely too _m duties to p]=m to und]take a "w ( ?is k9d1 b :at an inconsi/5t position x is = a ,memb] ( ,congress1 :o has be5 vot+ = appropriations to c>ry on ?is "w1 to appeal to ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture to suppress su* in=mation 9 ord] t "s exploit] may get somebody's money "u false repres5tations4 ,i ?9k if x 7 possible today to "k ! li/ ( conc]ns & companies :o regi/]$1 directly or ?r\gh ag5ts1 _! opposition to ?is propos$ w>n+ circul>1 y w\ld h a correct index ( ! conc]ns good to let alone4 ,= no hone/1 reputable individual or company ne$ be afraid ( ! "w or sugge/ions ( t great ,dep>tm5t4 ,i h ! pleasure ( kn[+ _m ( ! (ficials 9 ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 & nev] any:]e h ,i se5 a body ( m5 s consci5ti\sly engag$ 9 ! "w ( promot+ legitimate horticultural & agricultural k4 ,x is ! v life ( t great ,dep>tm5t1 & its (fic]s & employees above ev]yone else are mo/ int]e/$ 9 see+ ! l& produce ! mo/ & be/ t x c be made to produce1 & !y are be/ qualifi$ to pass ^u ^! matt]s4 ,mo/ ( ! que/ions 9 ^! v>i\s s*emes are que/ions ( soil & horticulture4 ,"o lett] 9 opposition to ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t's attitude1 t 0 br\ght to my att5tion1 /at$ t crops v>i$ "u diff]5t conditions1 & t no "o 0 able to tell :at a c]ta9 soil w\ld or w\ld n produce ?r\gh\t a p]iod ( ye>s1 & intimat$ t ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture might mislead ! public2 & yet ! conc]n t s5t x pr9t$ columns ( figures gu>antee+ returns f pecans & ,satsuma oranges 9 a section :]e orange gr[+ is ( v d\btful possibility4 ,boil+ d[n ^! objections by ! promot]s1 !y come to simply ?is3 ,t ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 ) no motive b to tell ! tru?1 & ) its corps ( tra9$ exp]ts1 might mislead ! public1 b !y 7! promot]s7 c\ld n possibly be mi/ak5 9 _! fabul\s figures compil$ = ! purpose ( gett+ money f "s mis9=m$ victim4 ,proxy f>m+ nev] 0 a success & ,i d n ?9k x ev] w be4 ,"o ( my fri5ds told me a %ort "t ago ( a v successful "y pecan or*>d on ! gulf coa/4 ,^u inquiry ,i f\nd t x 0 ( reasonable size1 n9e ye>s old1 & t ! own] _h liv$ 9 x n9e ye>s4 ,x 0 n #ejj acres 9 ext5t1 or #a1jjj acres1 or #b1jjj acres1 b ab\t #bj acres4 ,la/ summ] ,i w5t into a beautiful apple or*>d 9 ,s\!rn ,indiana & saw ab\t =ty acres ( trees b5d+ to ! gr\nd ) delici\s ,grimes ,gold5 apples4 ,on t p>ticul> day !re 7 great cr[ds ( p walk+ among ! trees & admir+ ! fruit4 ,i too walk$ among ! trees a %ort "t1 b ( great] int]e/ to me ?an ! trees 0 ! old1 gray-hair$ man :o _h made ! or*>d4 ,! trees c\ld n talk1 b he c\ld1 & he told ! /ory ( ! ye>s ( c>e1 & dilig5ce1 & "w1 & ?\ght1 & pati5ce1 t %[$ :y x is n possible to cov] ! m\nta9s ( a /ate ) or*>ds br++ almo/ imm$iate & fabul\s incomes4 ,"s "t ago ,i /ood talk+ to ! old sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,botanical ,g>d5 9 ,wa%+ton--,william ,r4 ,smi?1 n[ deceas$--& :ile discuss+ ) him ! requisites = tree culture1 he said ,"y man1 y h left out ! mo/ important "o ( !m all1 ,:5 ,i ask$ him :at ,i _h left out1 he said above all ?+s x takes ! eye ( ! ma/]4 ,s x does1 & ! ma/] is he ^: vigilance is cont9ual1 :o wat*es ea* tree z if x 7 a gr[+ *ild--z inde$ x is1 a *ild ( ! =e/s--:o has ! c>e & ! pati5ce1 & :o is n dazzl$ by ! glitt] ( ! doll>1 b :o loves trees because !y are trees4 ,!oretically1 "o c figure great successes 9 big horticultural developm5t propositions1 b ^! figures re/ ^u !ory & n fact4 ,x w\ld be difficult to /ate all ! reasons :y ,i h a firm conviction t su* big s*emes ( e k9d w fall1 b ,i believe ?is conviction is %>$ by ! =emo/ ?9k]s 9 ! horticultural _w4 ,a f\r-ye>-old boy 0 once tak5 to see ! animals 9 a circus4 ,he 0 v mu* int]e/$1 b1 :5 %[n ! trem5d\s elephant1 %ook 8 head & said he is too big4 ,a small grove prop]ly h&l$ ought to be an excell5t inve/m5t4 ,! v>i\s unc]ta9ties & vicissitudes involv$ c1 9 a degree1 be comp5sat$ = by great c>e2 & ,i suppose x w\ld be possible ev5 ) "s ( ^! big s*emes--by plac+ en\gh money beh9d !m--to insure a fair degree ( success4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t ^! promot]s1 ( :om we h be5 speak+1 are n s mu* conc]n$ 9 ! successful or*>d z !y are 9 big sal>ies & pr(its1 &1 if "o has money en\gh to pay big sal>ies & pr(its1 & /ill pay = ! prop] c>e ( ! or*>d1 !n he does n ne$ an or*>d4 ,mo/ ( ^! promot]s *>ge too mu* = a prop] & hone/ developm5t alone1 & too little = ! prop] developm5t plus ! pr(its & sal>ies ( ! promot]s4 ,i wi% x 7 n s4 ,i wi% ! old e>? c\ld be made to smile b\ntiful crops )\t su* exp5sive tickl+1 b ?is is "o ( ! *ecks & balances t nature places ^u h] great /oreh\se ( weal?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,*airman3 ,?is is a matt] ( v great importance & ,i hope we %all h a good discussion1 f a practical po9t ( view1 by m5 :o "k ab\t fraudul5t promotions & _! effect4 ,we ought to g on record 9 ?is matt] "r n[4 ,i "k ( numb]s ( tea*]s1 doctors & o!r poor p :o h put money into nut promotion s*emes )\t kn[+ any?+ ab\t ! ultimate prospect ( pr(it4 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,"o noticeable ?+ ab\t ! promot]'s lit]ature is t he nev] kn[s any?+ ab\t crop failure1 & 9 ! agricultural & horticultural _w t is a ?+ t is pa9fully evid5t to a man :o has be5 9 bus9ess a great l5g? ( "t4 ,9 ! promot]'s lit]ature x is j a matt] ( multiplication2 if "o tree w produce s mu* 9 a ye>1 a hundr$ trees w produce a hundr$ times z mu*4 ,i got a lett] ! o!r day f ,mr4 ,s4 ,h4 ,james1 ( ,beaumont1 ,l\isiana1 & he said1 ,i h be5 v =tunate1 ,i h actually _h two good crops 9 succession1 & :5 y come to comp>e t ) ! promot]'s lit]ature--:y he kn[s no su* ?+ z crop failure4 ,anybody :o kn[s any?+ ab\t agricultural or horticultural "w kn[s t we h w9t] & floods & ev]y?+ else to cont5d )4 ,! ,*airman3 ,someone might tell u ab\t failures !y happ5 to "k ( 9 promotion s*emes4 ,mr4 ,smi?3 ,i w\ld l to ask if ,mr4 ,littlepage isn't go+ to op5 up t b>rel ( actual facts t he has ab\t yields8 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i didn't "k t ,i _h a :ole b>rel ( actual facts4 ,:5 ,i />t$ 9 sev]al ye>s ago a b>rel w\ldn't h held all ( !m1 b ,i ?9k t n[ ,i c\ld put ! actual facts 9 a ?imble4 ,i've got sev]al b>rels ( good pecans1 h[ev]1 ,i'd l to op5 up & let ,mr4 ,smi? sample if he wants to4 ,! ,*airman3 ,let's he> ab\t frauds f someone :o kn[s h[ ! l& 0 manag$ & h[ ! trees 7 manag$ & h[ x actually occurr$4 ,mr4 ,van ,duzee3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i feel t ,i ought to say some?+1 fir/ 9 comm5dation ( ! pap] itself4 ,x is a "q h[ f> we1 z an ,association1 are responsible = ! c>e ( our fell[m51 b at ?is p]iod :5 ! indu/ry is new1 ,i feel t x is a v legitimate ?+ = u to d a little "w to try & prev5t ^! p f prey+ ^u our fell[m54 ,! presid5t rem>k$ ?is morn+ t some?+ 0 an evid5ce ( ! trem5d\s wa/e 9 ,nature4 ,x is true1 ,nature1 9 build+ a =e/1 wa/es a va/ am\nt ( "t & en]gy4 ,^! p :o are prey+ ^u ! nut indu/ry today f9d z _! victims ! weakl+s :i* ,nature buries 9 ! =e/4 ,^? ?+s are incid5tal & we mu/ expect !m1 b ,i feel t a pap] ( ?is k9d1 at ?is "t1 is a v valuable ?+ & ,i hope x w receive wide publication4 ,we _c say too mu* to disc\rage ?is sort ( ?+4 ,n[1 to respond1 9 a measure1 to ! ,presid5t's reque/ = actual facts1 ,i am confront$ ) ?is proposition1 t "s ( ! m5 :o h made ! greate/ failures are m5 :o h done s ?r\gh ignorance4 ,!y are hone/ m51 !y are p]sonal fri5ds ( m9e4 ,i don't c>e to g too mu* into details1 because !y are j z sorry today z ,i am1 b ,i h se5 ?is done4 ,i h se5 hundr$s ( acres ( nut or*>ds 9 ! ,s\? plant$ ) ! culls f nurs]ies b\ght at a v l[ figure4 ,i h se5 ^! trees neglect$ absolutely1 n 9 "o case b 9 _m cases4 ,i h se5 ! we$s z high z ! trees at ! "t :5 a telegram 0 receiv$ by ! ! local ag5t t a c>load ( ! pur*as]s ( ^! tracts 0 ab\t to leave to look ov] _! prop]ty4 ,i h se5 ! local manag] hu/le out1 :5 he got t telegram1 & hire e mule 9 ! community to come 9 &1 ) a pl[1 ?r[ a furr[ or two to ! r[s ( trees s t !y c\ld be di/+ui%$ f ! we$s !y 7 gr[+ among4 ,z ,mr4 ,littlepage has said1 !re c be no success 9 su* op]ations2 & ,i feel1 look+ at x 9 a v broad way1 t ?is is a v good "t to emphasize ! po9t t ^? ( u :o h ! greate/ exp]i5ce 9 ! gr[+ ( nut trees d n feel t ^! ent]prises are legitimate1 or t !y promise v mu* success4 7,applause47 ,mr4 ,pom]oy3 ,i live j a %ort di/ance f ,buffalo4 ,a few mon?s ago--,i got x on ! v be/ au?ority--!re 0 "s salesman 9 ,buffalo :o didn't h "t to call on all ^? :o want$ to give him money = pecan propositions4 ,he didn't h "t1 ,doctor1 he j _h to skip hundr$s ( !m1 he said2 he 0 j go+ f "o place to ano!r1 mak+ 8 collections4 ,buffalo is a city ( only ab\t #dej1jjj p & !re mu/ be "s money be+ collect$ & s5t 9 to somebody4 ,! ,*airman3 ,v glad to he> ( t in/ance2 let's he> ( o!rs4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,i w\ld l1 if possible1 to answ] ,mr4 ,smi?'s "q4 ,i didn't "k t he ref]r$ to facts ab\t ^! promotions1 ,i ?\ght p]haps he meant facts ab\t nut gr[+4 ,mr4 ,smi?3 ,y said y _h made inquiries z to nuts1 h>ve/ yields1 or*>d yields2 x 0 ^?1 p>ticul>ly1 t ,i _h 9 m9d4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,oh well1 ,i c\ld give ^? to y readily4 ,!re are "s v promis+ or*>ds1 mak+ a good %[+ "u inve/igation1 h&l$ "u prop] conditions & ( prop] size4 ,i w\ld n want to say t ^? ?+s are n possible4 ,talk+ specifically ( ^! ov]gr[n s*emes1 "o ( !m is recall$ to my m9d1 a developm5t company 9 s\!rn ,georgia1 t adv]tises v allur+ly4 ,x set out "o ye> a lot ( culls2 !y all di$4 ,i am told t !y w5t out ! second ye> &1 )\t any fur!r prep>ation1 dug holes & set out ano!r lot ( culls4 ,!y too di$2 & !n !y w5t out ! ?ird ye> & plant$ nuts1 & ^? trees1 at ! end ( a ye>'s gr[?1 7 p]haps six or sev5 in*es high1 & ! salesman f t company1 ,i und]/ood1 took "o ( ! prospective pur*as]s ov] into a f9e grove own$ by ano!r man on ! opposite side ( ! road1 & let him pick out 8 five acres f ! or*>d across ! road4 ,t's "o type ,i c\ld multiply indef9itely4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,re$3 ,i ?9k ?is is a v important matt]4 ,z a nurs]y man :o has sold a great _m trees to promot+ companies1 ,i want to say t ,i h nev]1 ) "o exception1 se5 an or*>d t has be5 a success1 b ,i h se5 hundr$s ( failures1 "s ( !m :]e !y h set out or*>ds ( #aej1jjj trees & sold !m (f 9 "o & t5 acre tracts1 & 9 only "o case h ,i se5 a success4 ,i ?9k ^! promotions %\ld be avoid$ by ! nut gr[]s ( ! ,nor?4 ,! ,*airman3 ,?is is v valuable in=mation1 com+ f a deal]4 ,mr4 ,van ,duzee3 ,i h f\nd ?is 9 ! yields ( my or*>ds4 ,six or sev5 or eight ye>s ago1 ,i disc\nt$ e s\rce ( in=mation t ,i c\ld h access to1 z to yields1 br\ght !m to a cons]vative po9t1 submitt$ !m to ! be/ in=m$ m5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !n divid$ ^? figures by five z my e/imate ( :at ,i might hope to accompli% z my or*>ds came into be>+4 ,i h s9ce be5 oblig$ to f9d "s excuses = fail+ to ev5 approximate ^? cons]vative figures4 ,i _h ?is ye> 9 our or*>d1 a #ce acre plot ( ,frots*] trees :i* is "o ( ! mo/ promis+ v>ieties1 six ye>s ( age1 & !re 7 n five p\nds ( nuts 9 ! :ole plot4 ,i h _h an or*>d ( #cf acres1 mo/ly ,frots*] & ,/ew>t1 g ?r\gh its six? ye> ) less ?an #bjj p\nds ( nuts to ! entire or*>d4 ,i h ano!r or*>d ( #cj acres :i* 9 its six? ye> has produc$ less ?an #ajj p\nds ( nuts4 ,n[ _m ( ^! promot]s gu>antee to take c>e ( ^! or*>ds1 :i* !y are sell+1 = #aj p] c5t or #bj p] c5t1 or ev5 half ! proce$s ( ^? or*>ds1 f ! fif? ye>4 ,y c see readily t ! entire crop ( su* or*>ds z ,i h be5 able to produce1 w\ld n beg9 to pay _! runn+ exp5ses ! six? & sev5? ye>4 ,! ,*airman3 ,y took good c>e ( y\rs8 ,mr4 ,van ,duzee3 ,i ?9k s4 ,i ?9k !re are _m g5tlem5 9 ! audi5ce :o h be5 ?r\gh !m1 & x is conc$$ t my or*>ds are at lea/ fairly good repres5tatives ( :at c be done "u normal conditions4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,are y\rs s\!rn or*>ds8 ,mr4 ,van ,duzee3 ,^! pecan or*>ds are 9 s\?-we/]n ,georgia4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 z ,i und]/&1 is a collection ( m5 :o are int]e/$ 9 f9d+ out :at we c d 9 ! way ( gr[+ nuts = ! ,nor?4 ,we g to ! m>kets & see baskets ( cocoanuts1 ,brazil nuts1 ,cali=nia walnuts1 b no nuts gr[+ = ! m>ket ar\nd our neighborhood4 ,9 my own city1 ,toronto1 ,i c see "s nut trees because ,i look v closely at ev]y?+1 b ! av]age p]son _c see !m because !y are v few4 ,i h a numb] ( exp]im5ts on h&4 ,if ,i succe$ 9 ev5 "o ( ^! exp]im5ts1 ,i am satisfi$ to sp5d my :ole life at x4 ,i am n n]v\s1 ,i c wat* a hickory tree gr[4 7,laught]47 ,i want to gr[ "s nuts = ! next g5]ation4 ,i hav5't ! slighte/ ?\ght ( mak+ a copp] ( money out ( x b ,i am go+ to enjoy ! ?+1 & t's ! idea ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 or else ,i h made a mi/ake4 ,! ,*airman3 ,is !re any fur!r discussion on ! matt] ( frauds8 ,does anyone else wi% to speak on ?is subject8 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,x is inde$ v gratify+ to he> ! ,presid5t ( ! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association1 ,col4 ,van ,duzee1 speak on ?is subject & to h ! honor ( hav+ him ) u z a memb] ( our ,association4 ,x is gratify+ to h him come out 9 su* /rong t]ms on ?is "q4 ,x has always be5 8 policy & 8 reputation1 s f> z ,i h he>d1 to /& = :at is be/ & squ>e/ 9 nut culture4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! pap] ( ,mr4 ,littlepage is "o ( v great importance1 because ! numb] ( frauds associat$ ) an ent]prise is an indication ( ! fundam5tal value ( ! cause4 ,^! fraudul5t nut promot]s capitalize ! en?usiasm ( p :o want to get back to ! l&1 j z port]s at ! hotels capitalize ! joy ( a newly m>ri$ c\ple4 7,laught]47 ,we h 9 ?is back-to-!-l& movem5t1 a bit ( philosophy ( fundam5tal "* :i* includes ! idea ( pres]vation ( ! race4 ,pres]vation ( ! race6--:y s8 ,nature made man a greg>i\s species &1 be+ greg>i\s1 he has a t5d5cy to develop ! urban habit4 ,develop+ ! urban habit1 he fails to oxidize 8 prote9s & tox9s4 ,fail+ to oxidize 8 prote9s & tox9s1 he deg5]ates4 ,recogniz+ ! deg5]at+ influ5ce ( urban life1 by means ( 8 intellig5ce he has plac$ )9 8 consci\sness t automatic arrangem5t1 z good z ! automatic arrangem5t :i* turns wat] on to a boil]1 :i* says to him1 g out & oxidize y\r prote9s & tox9s4 ,t is :at back-to-!-l& means4 ,y've got to beg9 f ?is fundam5tal po9t4 ,n[ !n1 if ?is repres5ts a fundam5tal trait 9 ! "* ( our species & we are act+ 9 response to a natural law1 !n mu/ we be d\bly c>eful ab\t hav+ our good int5tions1 our good me?ods1 halt$ by unwisdom4 ,t br+s to m9d ! po9t made ab\t our pres5t ,secret>y ( ,agriculture4 ,i am v glad ?is has be5 made a matt] ( record "h1 = ,i am sorry to say t 9 connection ) ano!r subject--7heal? matt]s7--:]ev] !re has be5 opportunity = ! ,secret>y to act1 he has decid$ z a matt] ( policy on ! side ( capital & aga9/ ! side ( public int]e/4 ,almo/ e "t1 s f> z we h a record ( ! action ( ! pres5t ,secret>y ( ,agriculture & ( ,dunlap & ,mc,cabe1 8 assi/ants4 ,we ought to /ate "h1 9 connection ) fraudul5t nut promotions1 t he has act$ 9 favor ( capital & aga9/ ! public int]e/ if x is true4 ,x ought to g z a matt] ( record f ?is ,association4 ,we may be bold 9 ?is matt]1 b we %\ld be righte\sly bold because we are speak+ = ! public int]e/ ourselves4 ,we h no?+ to ga92 !re is no?+ selfi% ab\t ?is organization4 ,we may be k9dly & say t ! ,secret>y is at ! m]cy ( %rewd] m54 ,mr4 ,corsan says t we are int]e/$ 9 sci5tific "w only4 ,t is true at ! pres5t "t1 because all progress mu/ be f a sci5tific basis4 ,if our c>e 9 manag+ exp]im5ts is su* t we _c avoid gett+ ri*1 we w accept ! result4 7,laught]47 ,i am glad t 9 connection ) ?is discussion ,mr4 ,corsan made "o epigrammatic rem>k1--t he 0 n n]v\s & c\ld wat* a hickory tree gr[4 ,i tell y !re's a lot ( wit 9 t4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,he has good eyesight1 ,mr4 ,presid5t4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! reason :y we h s _m fraudul5t promotions is l>gely because ( our ,am]ican temp]am5t2 we are s n]v\s t we c't wat* a hickory tree gr[4 ,9 matt]s ( public heal?1 our ,secret>y ( ,agriculture has prev5t$ actual crim9als f be+ br\ght to ju/ice--he made t 8 policy4 ,i ?9k ^? are ! po9ts t ,i wi% to make 9 comm5t+ ^u ,mr4 ,littlepage's pap] & if he w make any conclud+ rem>ks we w be v glad to he> !m4 ,9 reg>d to ,mr4 ,hutt's sugge/ion t we _c c\nt on crop success or crop failure ma!matically--n[1 !re are =tunes to be made f ! prop] managem5t ( good nut or*>ds4 ,we "k ( or*>ds :]e v l>ge incomes are at pres5t be+ made1 & ,i am v glad t ! s5se & s5tim5t ( ?is meet+ is aga9/ quotation ( t feature4 ,i h n he>d "h "o ^w 9 quotation ( or*>ds :i* br+ incomes ( #aj1jjj a ye> or m f v>i\s k9ds ( nuts1 & we "k !re are _m su* or*>ds4 ,x is ! failures ^u :i* we %\ld conc5trate our att5tions "r n[1 & ! reason = failure is n t nut gr[+ is n go+ to make progress b t we _c c\nt on our nuts f a ma!matical basis4 ,"o ( my fri5ds1 an old ,fr5*man1 became v en?usia/ic ab\t rais+ p\ltry4 ,he s5t out reque/s = circul>s to e p\ltry fanci] :o publi%$ circul>s1 & ,i w wag] t he got #ej p] c5t ( answ]s to 8 reque/s = circul>s ab\t fancy p\ltry4 ,he began to raise *ick5s1 & my fa!r-9-law met him on ! /reet "o day & ask$ h[ he 0 gett+ on ) 8 pullets t 7 go+ to lay s _m eggs4 ,oh1 he said1 ,ze tr\ble is ) ze pullet2 %e no und]/& ma!matique l ze fanci]4 ,if ,i h "o pullet1 %e lay "o egg e day2 if ,i h two pullet1 p]haps %e lay two egg e day1 & if ,i h ?ree pullet1 %e nevaire lay ?ree egg e day4 7,laught]47 ,n[ ,i ?9k t ! rema9+ "t ?is morn+ we _h bett] devote to ! executive session1 !n we _h bett] meet at two o'clock = ! election ( our committee4 ,! meet+ !n is at pres5t adj\rn$1 ) ! exception ( ^? :o w take "p 9 ! executive session1 & we w meet aga9 at two ,p4 ,m4 ,!re is "o po9t ,i want$ to make 9 connection ) ,col4 ,van ,duzee's rem>ks t a c]ta9 numb] ( really hone/ m5 h all[$ _! names to be us$ 9 connection ) promotion propositions4 ,m5 :o are q skillful at le>n+ ! use ( names1 h gott5 m5 ( good int5tions & k9dly int]e/1 ,i "k1 to l5d _! names z ev5 (ficials ( nut promotion companies4 ,besides t1 a good deal ( g>bl$ lit]ature ( recomm5dation has gone out 9 _! circul>s4 ,i h _h a numb] ( circul>s s5t to me quot+ ab/ract rem>ks t ,i _h made relative to nut culture 9 g5]al1 & ?is has be5 appli$ concretely 9 circul>s2 ! context did n g ) x4 ,i ask$ a lawy] :at ,i c\ld d ab\t x1 & aft] go+ ov] ! "q he said t ,i probably 0 p[]less4 ,aft] ann\ncem5ts by ! ,secret>y1 ! conv5tion took a recess until #b ,p4 ,m41 at :i* "t x 0 call$ to ord] by ,presid5t ,morris & ! regul> program 0 resum$ z foll[s3 ,! ,*airman3 ,! executive session w be held aft] ! meet+1 z _m are "h to he> ! pap] on ! *e/nut blight1 s we w proce$ at once to ! ord] ( bus9ess & li/5 to ! fir/ pap] by ,mr4 ,rockey4 ,mr4 ,rockey3 ,?is pap] deals m p>ticul>ly ) ! "w t has be5 done 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,b :at has be5 done "h may be consid]$ to be typical ( :at has be5 done else:]e4 ,,rec5t ,,"w ,,on ,,! ,,*e/nut ,,blight ,,kell] ,e4 ,,rockey ,=e/] 9 *>ge ( ,demon/ration ,"w1 ,p5nsylvania ,*e/nut ,tree ,blight ,commission ,! hi/ory ( ! blight1 briefly outl9$1 is z foll[s3 ,9 #aijd ! diseas$ condition ( ! *e/nut trees ar\nd ,new ,york ,city 0 not$ & an exam9ation ( !m %[$ t !y 7 be+ attack$ by a disease at t "t unkn[n4 ,inve/igations s9ce !n h %[n t ! blight _h be5 at "w !re & else:]e = a numb] ( ye>s be=e t "t1 b x has be5 impossible to det]m9e j :5 x fir/ appe>$ or :]e4 ,! disease 0 /udi$ & describ$ at t "t4 ,on display "h are specim5s & photographs %[+ ! appe>ance ( ! blight s t ,i w n g into t "p ( ! subject 9 detail4 ,i hope t y w notice1 h[ev]1 ! symptoms by :i* ! disease is recogniz$3 #a/4 ,! small r$ pu/ules :i* produce ! spores &1 on r\gh b>k$ trees1 appe> only 9 ! crevices4 #bnd4 ,! peculi> mottl$ appe>ance ( ! inn] b>k ( ! cank]4 #crd4 ,! discoloration ( ! out] b>k4 #d?4 ,! dang] signals1 su* z )]$ leaves 9 summ] or p]si/5t leaves or burrs 9 w9t]1 suck]s :i* develop at ! base ( cank]s1 & ! yell[i% cracks :i* soon appe> 9 ! b>k ov] ! cank]s4 ,work]s 9 ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 h be5 /udy+ ! blight s9ce #aijh4 ,9 ! ,spr+ ( #aiaa1 a bill creat+ ! commission = ! inve/igation & control ( ! blight 9 ,p5nsylvania 0 pass$1 & ! active "w began 9 ,augu/ #aiaa4 ,! me?od ^u :i* ! ,commission is work+ is outl9$ 9 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #dfg1 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 & consi/s briefly ( det]m9+ ! area ( blight infection & 9 remov+ diseas$ trees we/ ( a c]ta9 l9e1 ) ! purpose ( prev5t+ ! we/]n spread ( ! blight4 ,?is ,commission has asc]ta9$ z accurately z possible ! am\nt ( infection 9 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! /ate & ! results are giv5 9 a map on display "h4 ,! /ate is divid$ into two di/ricts by a l9e drawn along ! we/]n edge ( ,susquehanna1 ,wyom+1 ,columbia1 ,union1 ,snyd]1 ,juniata & ,frankl9 ,c\nties1 :i* is approximately ! we/]n l9e ( s]i\s blight infection4 ,we/ ( ?is l9e a l>ge portion ( ! /ate has be5 sc\t$1 & ! rema9d] w be f9i%$ e>ly 9 #aiac4 ,we h le>n$ by exp]i5ce t 9 ! w9t]1 aft] ! fall ( ! leaves1 ! be/ sc\t+ "w c be done4 ,p]si/5t leaves & cank]s along ! trunk are readily se51 & m & bett] "w c be accompli%$ ?an 9 ! summ]1 except :5 ! sn[ is v deep4 ,blight infections h be5 f\nd 9 c\nties adjac5t to ?is l9e3 also 9 ,fayette ,c\nty1 ne> ,connellsville1 9 ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ne> ,w>r51 & 9 ,elk ,c\nty1 ne> ,/4 ,m>y's4 ,^! ?ree infections 7 directly traceable to infect$ nurs]y /ock1 & 9 "o case ! blight _h spread to adjac5t trees4 ,a l>ge area ( diseas$ *e/nut 9 ,som]set ,c\nty illu/rates ! h>m done by %ipp+ infect$ nurs]y /ock4 ,! c5tre ( ?is infection is a *e/nut or*>d :]e ab\t #ajj scions f an infect$ ea/]n or*>d 7 graft$ to native spr\ts 9 #aijh4 ,! p]c5tage ( infect$ trees 9 ! or*>d f :i* ! scions 7 obta9$1 accord+ to a c\nt made ?is ,fall1 av]ages #hj p] c5t4 ,evid5tly ^! scions br\ght ! disease into ?is region1 = ! grafts h all be5 kill$ by ! blight & e tree 9 ! or*>d is kill$ or infect$ by disease4 ,on adjo9+ tracts ov] #e1djj infect$ trees h be5 cut1 & !re are a numb] ( o!rs 9 process ( removal1 radiat+ 9 all directions f ! or*>d z a c5t] to a di/ance ( ?ree miles4 ,ano!r infection ( #adc trees 0 f\nd 9 ,elk ,c\nty4 ,x is ?\ght t ?ree trees at ! c5tre ( infection 7 diseas$ 9 #aiji1 al?\gh x is possible t "o ( ^! trees 0 already infect$ 9 #aijh4 ,9 #aiaj1 #bg additional trees 7 infect$2 9 #aiaa1 #ej additional trees1 & 9 #aiab1 #bbh additional trees4 ,! disease spread 9 all directions f ! c5t] ( infection to a di/ance ( #gjj feet4 ,^! infections are int]e/+ 9 %[+ ! rate at :i* ! blight may travel 9 heal?y timb]4 ,^! infections h all be5 remov$ & x is ! expectation t by ! end ( ,janu>y #aiac all scatt]$ spot infections w be remov$ f ! t]ritory we/ ( ! l9e previ\sly m5tion$1 & t1 to ! be/ ( our k1 ^! we/]n c\nties w be free f blight4 ,9 #aiac ! field =ce w be conc5trat$ on ! advance l9e & ! "w w be c>ri$ ea/w>d4 ,! ,commission has ! p[] to compel ! removal ( infect$ trees4 ,9 ! we/]n "p ( ! /ate ?is p[] has be5 ex]cis$ 9 ! few cases :]e x 0 necess>y4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! own]s are n only will+ b anxi\s to get rid ( ! infect$ trees1 & our field m5 are giv5 he>ty support by individuals1 granges & o!r organizations4 ,! timb] own]s ( ,elk ,c\nty _h pr9t$ & po/$ an ann\ncem5t t ! *e/nut blight _h be5 f\nd 9 ! locality & w>n$ ! p to be on ! look-out = x4 ,9 addition ! ,commission has _h a man1 = a %ort "t at lea/1 9 ea* ( ! ea/]n c\nties ( ! /ate1 & _! "t has be5 tak5 up pr9cipally by ^? :o reque/$ inspections ( timb] ) ! view ( det]m9+ ! p]c5tage ( blight infection & ! be/ me?od to be pursu$ 9 combat+ x & realiz+ on _! timb]4 ,our m5 are all deputy w>d5s1 ) ! au?ority :i* is atta*$ to ?is (fice1 & are in/ruct$ to d _! utmo/ to prev5t fire damage4 ,an exhibit :i* consi/s ( specim5s %[+ ! blight 9 v>i\s /ages toge!r ) photographs1 lit]ature1 etc41 0 plac$ 9 ab\t #cj ( ! c\nty fairs ?r\gh\t ! /ate4 ,! appreciation ( ! public has be5 s cle>ly %[n t next ye> x is ! int5tion ( ! ,commission to cont9ue & p]haps increase ?is phase ( ! "w1 & to place l>ge p]man5t displays at ! ,comm]cial ,museum1 ,philadelphia1 ! ,/ate ,capitol1 ,h>risburg1 & o!r places4 ,_m ( ! ,annual ,tea*]s' ,in/itutes h be5 rea*$ ) a display & lecture4 ,we h arrang$ also to h a speak] at fully "o hundr$ ( ! ,f>m]s' ,in/itutes ?is w9t]4 ,we are also arrang+ to h a p]man5t display at _m ( ! public s*ools1 normal s*ools & colleges1 :]e in/ruction on ! blight is giv54 ,an ef=t 0 made la/ w9t] to enli/ ! s]vice ( ! boy sc\ts & we are indebt$ to !m = consid]able "w1 *iefly 9 an educational way4 ,! successful outcome ( all our "w w dep5d 9 a l>ge measure ^u ! own]s !mselves1 & x is our purpose to give !m all ! in=mation possible ^u ! :ole subject4 ,! ,commission e/abli%$ a ,dep>tm5t ( ,utilization :i* is collect+ in=mation on ! v>i\s indu/ries :i* use or might use *e/nut wood1 li/+ ! buy]s & own]s ( *e/nut wood1 ?us assi/+ own]s ( blight$ *e/nut trees 9 m>ket+ _! timb] to ! be/ advantage4 ,! ,dep>tm5t is try+ to increase ! use ( *e/nut wood by call+ att5tion to its _m good qualities1 & ?us utilize ! l>ge quantity :i* mu/ necess>ily be ?r[n ^u ! m>ket4 ,!re has be5 m or less discrim9ation aga9/ blight$ *e/nut timb]4 ,?is has be5 9 _m cases unju/1 s9ce ! blight does n injure ! value ( ! wood = mo/ purposes = :i* x is us$4 ,h[ev]1 ! own]s sometimes fail to realize t ! blight cank]s are ! mo/ favorable places = ! entrance ( ! bor]s1 & t :]e a l>ge numb] ( trees are be+ consid]$1 a p]c5tage ( !m w be mat]ially injur$ by insects :i* foll[ blight infection4 ,:]e telegraph poles are b>k$1 x is (t5 se5 t bor]s h attack$ ! wood "u blight cank]s1 & h n t\*$ any o!r "p ( ! tree4 ,all blight$ timb] %\ld be cut be=e dea? to realize its be/ value1 s9ce insects & wood-de/roy+ fungi cause ! v rapid det]ioration ( dead1 /&+ timb]4 ,!re has be5 a good m>ket 9 almo/ e locality = poles1 ties & ! bett] grades ( lumb]4 ,cordwood pres5ts ! difficult problem ( disposal4 ,! be/ m>ket = ?is is 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! /ate1 at ! extract plants4 ,! ,commission has secur$ f ! ,p5nsylvania ,r4 ,r4 a special t>iff on blight$ *e/nut cordwood s t ?is product may be pr(itably %ipp$ f great] di/ances ?an be=e4 ,! ,commission has inspect$ all *e/nut nurs]y /ock %ipp$ f nurs]ies )9 ! /ate & has also provid$ = inspection ( all *e/nut /ock ent]+ ! /ate4 ,?is %\ld prev5t a repetition ( infections 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! /ate :i* might de/roy millions ( doll>s wor? ( timb]4 ,f "t to "t publications h be5 & w be issu$ by ! ,commission1 :i* are obta9$ free ( *>ge ^u reque/1 or !y may be consult$ 9 ! lead+ libr>ies ?r\gh\t ! /ate4 ,an appropriation = #hj1jjj 0 giv5 by ! la/ ,congress = sci5tific rese>* "w ^u ! blight disease & "w is be+ c>ri$ out 9 coop]ation ) ! v>i\s /ates4 ,sev]al ( ! ,gov]nm5t inve/igators are n[ at "w ^u our =ce4 ,"s ( ! mo/ important unsolv$ sci5tific problems ( ! blight1 z giv5 by ,secret>y ,wilson1 9 8 message1 to ,congress1 are z foll[s3-- ,fir/1 ! relation ( ! disease to climate4 ,second1 ! relation ( ! p>asite to ! v>y+ tann9 cont5t ( ! tree4 ,?ird1 ! orig9 ( ! disease4 ,f\r?1 relation ( birds & insects to ! dissem9ation ( ! disease4 ,fif?1 ! nature & degree ( resi/ance ( ! ,asiatic species4 ,ano!r problem 9 relation to tree treatm5t may be add$1 t is1 ! relation ( spores & mycelium to toxic ag5ts4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,commission ma9ta9$ laboratories dur+ ! summ] at ,*>t] ,oak1 ,c5tre ,c\nty1 & at ,mt4 ,gretna1 ,lebanon ,c\nty4 ,! latt] has be5 mov$ to ,frankl9 & ,m>%all ,college1 ,lanca/]1 = ! w9t]4 ,we h also _h a laboratory at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 :i* has be5 greatly enl>g$ ?is fall4 ,! numb] ( p :o in=m$ u t !y _h discov]$ a sure cure = ! blight made x necess>y to obta9 an or*>d ne> ,philadelphia :]e all su* discov]]s 7 giv5 an opportunity to demon/rate ! efficacy ( _! rem$ies4 ,x might be not$ t 9 e case ! blight is ?riv+ z usual4 ,^! cures consi/$ l>gely ( an injection ( a toxic pr9ciple by "s means into ! circulation ( ! tree4 ,9 "s cases ?is 0 accompani$ by a f]tiliz] ( "s k9d1 & ?is f]tiliz] may acc\nt = ! app>5tly improv$ condition ( ! tree 9 "s cases1 aft] su* rem$ies 7 us$1 s9ce ! gr[? 0 increas$ & ! leaves & bran*es _h a heal?i] appe>ance4 ,?is increas$ gr[? has n _h any appreciable effect ^u ! rapidity ( spread ( ! blight mycelium4 ,z ! exp]im5ts are n (ficially f9i%$ & record$ x is too e>ly to give any fur!r data4 ,our pa?ologi/s h also conduct$ exp]im5ts 9 ?is same l9e b no m$ic9al rem$y or f]tiliz] has yet be5 f\nd4 ,! v>y+ *emical con/itu5ts ( *e/nut trees1 pr9cipally tannic acid1 h (t5 be5 sugge/$ 9 reg>d to ! orig9 & spread ( ! blight4 ,inve/igators are n[ work+ along ?is l9e & we hope1 = valuable results be=e long4 ,! orig9 ( ! disease1 z already /at$1 is some?+ ( a my/]y1 & !re is z yet no g5]ally accept$ !ory1 al?\gh _m p h v pron\nc$ views on ! subject4 ,_m puzzl+ facts h be5 not$ s9ce inve/igat+ ! disease 9 ,p5nsylvania1 among !m be+ ! l>ge p]c5tage ( infection 9 ea/]n ,york & s\!rn ,lanca/] c\nties1 ! relative small p]c5tage 9 c]ta9 localities ar\nd :i* ! blight is g5]ally preval5t1 & rec5t infections f\nd 9 ,w>r5 & o!r we/]n c\nties1 a great di/ance f :at is kn[n z ! we/]n advance l9e ( ! disease4 ,our pa?ologi/s h report$ "s v int]e/+ facts 9 reg>d to ! dissem9ation ( ! blight4 ,9 ! prelim9>y report ( ! summ]'s "w at our field laboratories ! results t5d to %[3 ,fir/1 ! prolific ascospore /age is v important 9 caus+ ! spread ( ! blight1 ! spores at ?is /age be+ =cibly eject$ f ! pu/ules & borne ?r\gh ! air = "s di/ance4 ,?is ejection ( spores takes place "u natural field conditions only :5 ! b>k has be5 soak$ by ra91 b ! expulsion ( spores is also dep5d5t ^u temp]ature conditions & ceases entirely at temp]atures f #db to #df degrees ,f4 & bel[4 ,second1 ! w9d plays a l>ge "p 9 local ascospore dissem9ation4 ,?ird1 birds & insects 7except ants7 are app>5tly ( v little importance 9 ! dissem9ation ( ! blight except 9 provid+ w\nds4 ,fur!r inve/igations ( ! importance ( ants is be+ made dur+ ! pres5t w9t]4 ,sev]al k9ds ( beetles h be5 obs]v$ eat+ ! pu/ules & are 9 ?is way b5eficial1 s9ce te/s %[ t !y dige/ & de/roy ! spores4 ,x has also be5 sugge/$ by work]s 9 ! ,bureau ( ,entomology t su* beetles1 :i* are ( sev]al k9ds1 may be ( value 9 ! attempt to control ! disease4 ,^! are p]haps ! only natural enemies discov]$ to date4 ,! prop] classification ( ! *e/nut blight fungus has also be5 ! subject ( mu* discussion4 ,la/ w9t] specim5s ( :at 9 ext]nal *>act]i/ics appe>$ to be ,diapor! p>asitica 7 f\nd 9 we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 ,virg9ia & else:]e1 gr[+ ^u *e/nut1 oak & o!r species4 ,?is condition 0 puzzl+ & ! subject ( "s controv]sy4 ,x has be5 f\nd1 h[ev]1 t ?is fungus1 call$ ! ,connellsville fungus1 is a di/9ct species closely relat$ to ! true blight fungus1 be+1 h[ev]1 entirely saprophytic4 ,cultural di/9ctions are app>5t & ! ascospores diff] 9 size & %ape s t no fur!r confusion ne$ occur4 ,^u ! "q ( immunity ( c]ta9 k9ds ( ,asiatic /ock1 !re is v little to report beyond :at 0 kn[n "o ye> ago4 ,9 ! inve/igations made ! "w has be5 hamp]$ by ! fact t mu* ( ! s-call$ ,japanese /ock is 9 reality a hybrid ( ,european or ,am]ican species4 ,9 #aiji1 #de ,japanese se$l+ trees 7 set out at ,gap1 ,lanca/] ,co41 = exp]im5tation along ?is l9e4 ,a rec5t exam9ation %[$ t #ij p] c5t are infect$4 ,conc]n+ ! v>iety or purity ( ?is /ock1 ,i h n be5 in=m$4 ,our =ce z well z o!rs are at "w ^u ! problem :i* w require _m ye>s' /udy4 ,previ\s inve/igations seem to %[ t c]ta9 pure /ra9s ( ,japanese & ,korean *e/nut are resi/ant to ! blight4 ,blight cank]s may be f\nd ^u !m b !y are less easily infect$ & suff] less ?an ! m susceptible v>ieties4 ,) ?is z a work+ basis1 consid]+ ! results t h be5 atta9$ 9 o!r fruit by selection & hybridization1 ! situation is hopeful4 ,pr(4 ,coll9s said at ! ,h>risburg ,conf]5ce 9 ,febru>y t ,!re is no reason to d\bt t we may ev5tually see an immune hybrid *e/nut t w rival ! ,am]ican *e/nut 9 flavor & ! ,p>agon 9 size4 ,9 s\!rn ,europe *e/nut or*>d+ is a well e/abli%$ & pr(itable indu/ry4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates *e/nuts h be5 consid]$ a m>ketable commodity ev] s9ce ! ,indians c>ri$ !m to ! settlem5ts & trad$ !m = knives & tr9kets4 ,! dem& has always exce$$ ! supply & at ! pres5t "t ab\t #b1jjj1jjj wor? ( nuts are import$ f ,europe annually4 ,) ! developm5t ( ! bett] v>ieties ( ! ,am]ican nut has come an increas$ activity 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! *e/nut or*>d indu/ry promises to become "o ( v l>ge importance4 ,x has an add$ advantage t ! trees c be gr[n ^u ! poor] types ( soil :i* are n adaptable = f>m+ or ! rais+ ( o!r fruit4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are 9 :at is kn[n z ! blight area ( ,p5nsylvania1 or ea/]n half ( ! ,/ate1 ab\t #ajj or*>ds rang+ f #ab trees up to #djj acres 9 ext5t4 ,^! or*>ds are 9 v>y+ /ages ( blight infection1 "s ( !m be+ almo/ entirely free1 due to ! att5tion :i* has be5 giv5 !m4 ,9 ord] to protect su* or*>ds ! ,commission is compell+ ! removal ( infect$ trees )9 a c]ta9 radius ( !m4 ,z y "k ! blight has be5 a v s]i\s factor 9 ?is indu/ry4 ,"s ( ! or*>ds h be5 completely annihilat$ & ! income r$uc$ f sev]al ?\s& or m doll>s p] ye> to no?+4 ,:e!r or n ! blight w completely wipe out ! or*>d+ indu/ry is a subject ( l>ge importance4 ,p]sonally ,i believe t *e/nuts w be rais$ comm]cially 9 ,p5nsylvania 9 increas$ abundance1 & z ! v>i\s phases ( ! blight subject are br\ght to light1 keep+ ! disease "u control c be m easily accompli%$4 ,at ! pres5t "t ?is is be+ done 9 c]ta9 or*>ds by ! pres5t me?ods ( exam9+ ! trees (t51 treat+ ea* infection1 or remov+ ! tree4 ,if ?is policy is successfully pursu$ = sev]al m ye>s x w demon/rate conclusively t *e/nuts c be gr[n 9 spite ( ! blight & ?is w mean an opportunity to use va/ areas ( wa/e l& 9 ,p5nsylvania & 9 ! o!r /ates1 9 a highly pr(itable mann]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,*airman3 ,! subject ( ! next pap] is ,"s ,problems 9 ! ,treatm5t ( ! ,*e/nut4 ,x w be pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,pi]ce1 aft] :i* we w h a g5]al discussion ( ! entire subject4 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ladies & g5tlem53 ,i see t1 z we wrote our pap]s sep>ately1 "s ( ! ?+s ,i _h 9 m9d w be simil> to ^? ,mr4 ,rockey _h4 ,,"s ,,problems ,,9 ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,diseas$ ,,*e/nut ,,trees ,,by ,,roy ,g4 ,,pi]ce ,tree ,surgeon1 ,p5nsylvania ,*e/nut ,tree ,blight ,commission ,! problems t pres5t !mselves to ! gr[]s ( *e/nut trees conc]n+ ! pres5t disease may be summ$ up "u ?ree heads3 fir/1 :at ! disease is1 h[ x is caus$1 & h[ x may be recogniz$2 second1 :at is to be done ) diseas$ trees to br+ !m to heal? or to prev5t !m f infect+ o!r heal?y trees ne>by2 ?ird1 :at means 9 ! future c be und]tak5 to keep a tree heal?y1 t is1 to prev5t re9fection4 ,fir/1 :at ! disease is1 h[ x is caus$1 & h[ x may be recogniz$4 ,! disease kn[n z ! *e/nut tree blight is caus$ by ! fungus1 ,diapor! p>asitica1 :i* usually f9ds entrance to ! tree ?r\gh w\nds 9 ! b>k4 ,! mycelium or mass ( fung\s filam5ts gradually spreads ?r\gh ! b>k 9 mu* ! same mann] z mold spreads ov] & ?r\gh a piece ( bread1 ev5 p5etrat+ ! wood to a dep? ( sometimes five annual r+s4 ,! spread ( ! fungus1 result+ 9 ! cutt+ (f ( ! sap fl[1 is ! imm$iate cause ( ! wilt+ & dy+ ( ! leaves & bran* above ! po9t ( girdl+4 ,?is wilt+ ( ! leaves1 foll[$ lat] by ! dea? ( "o bran* aft] ano!r z ! fungus spreads1 has giv5 rise to ! t]m blight ( ! *e/nut trees4 ,! dang] signals :i* ! *e/nut tree displays :5 diseas$ are n a few4 ,9 summ]1 :5 ! tree is fir/ affect$1 ! leaves turn yell[-gre5 & wilt1 lat] turn+ br[n4 ,small burs & )]$ leaves reta9$ 9 w9t] are "s signs ( ! diseas$ condition ( ! tree4 ,at ! base ( ! blight$ "p a lesion1 or r$di% br[n cank]1 is usually f\nd4 ,?is lesion may be a sunk5 area or1 z is frequ5tly ! case1 a greatly enl>g$ swell+1 kn[n z a hyp]trophy4 ,aft] a bran* has become completely girdl$ spr\ts or suck]s are v apt to be f\nd bel[ ! po9t ( girdl+4 ,9 old furr[$ b>k on ! ma9 trunk ( ! tree ! pres5ce ( ! disease is se5 9 ! r$di% br[n spore-be>+ pu/ules 9 ! fissures4 ,9 det]m9+ ! pres5ce ( ! fungus 9 ! furr[$ b>k ( old trees1 "o mu/ le>n to recognize ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! light br[n color *>act]i/ic ( fissures 9 heal?y gr[+ b>k1 & ! r$di% br[n color ( ! fungus4 ,:5 ! disease has be5 pres5t sev]al ye>s ! b>k completely rots & %r9ks away f ! wood1 & :5 ! b>k is /ruck ) an axe a holl[ s\nd is produc$4 ,_m ( ! own]s ( *e/nut trees ?r\gh\t ,p5nsylvania d n ackn[l$ge t a fungus is caus+ ! dea? ( ! trees4 ,!y /ate t s9ce !y h f\nd :ite grubs or ! l>vae ( beetles 9 ne>ly e tree t dies1 t x has be5 ! l>vae t kill$ ! tree4 ,x is ackn[l$g$ t g5]ally :ite grubs are f\nd 9 dy+ *e/nut trees1 & t 9 ne>ly all ( ! l>ge cank]s or lesions ^! grubs are pres5t4 ,h[ev]1 if "o w take ! pa9s to exam9e ! small twigs & bran*es or ! new %oots ris+ f ! /umps1 t are diseas$1 he w n f9d ! grubs pres5t4 ,second1 :at is to be done ) diseas$ trees to br+ !m back to heal? or to prev5t !m f infect+ o!r heal?y trees ne>by4 ,to br+ ! trees back to heal? implies t ! disease c be cur$4 ,?is is n always true = ! tree may be already ne>ly girdl$1 :5 ! disease is fir/ notic$4 ,a tree tak5 9 "t1 h[ev]1 may h its life prolong$ indef9itely ?\gh x may h ! blight 9 "s portion ( x e ye>4 ,m p>ticul>ly does ?is apply to valuable ornam5tal & or*>d trees4 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,frankl9 ,coll9s1 ,=e/ ,pa?ologi/ 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 ,f>m]'s ,bullet9 ,no4 #dfg on ,! ,control ( ! ,*e/nut ,b>k ,disease gives ! foll[+3 ,! ess5tials = ! "w are a g\ge1 a mallet1 a prun+ knife1 a pot ( coal t>1 & a pa9t bru%4 ,9 ! case ( a tall tree a ladd] or rope1 or bo? may be necess>y b "u no circum/ances %\ld tree climb]s be us$1 z !y cause w\nds :i* are v favorable places = infection4 ,sometimes an axe1 a saw1 & a long-h&l$ tree prun] are conv5i5t auxili>y in/rum5ts1 ?\gh practically all ! cutt+ recomm5d$ c be done ) a g\ge ) a cutt+ edge ( #a or #a-a_/b in*es4 ,all cutt+ in/rum5ts %\ld be kept v %>p1 s t a clean smoo? cut may be made at all times4 ,all ( ! discolor$ diseas$ areas 9 ! tree %\ld be remov$4 ,small bran*es or twigs ne>ly girdl$ are be/ cut (f4 ,cank]s 9 ! ma9 trunk or on limbs %\ld be g\g$ out4 ,c>efulness is ! prime requisite 9 ?is "w4 ,if ! disease has completely kill$ ! cambium1 ! b>k %\ld be entirely remov$ z well z sev]al lay]s ( wood b5ea? ! cank]4 ,by frequ5t exam9ation1 h[ev]1 diseas$ spots may be f\nd on ! tree :]e ! mycelium ( ! fungus is /ill 9 ! upp] lay]s ( ! b>k4 ,x is n necess>y !n to cut cle> to ! wood1 b ! discolor$ out] b>k may be remov$ & a lay] ( heal?y inn] b>k left b5ea? ! cut4 ,! sap may /ill fl[ ?r\gh ?is lay]4 ,! bord] ( ! diseas$ area is q di/9ct1 b cutt+ %\ld n /op "h b %\ld be cont9u$ beyond ! discolor$ portion into heal?y b>k1 at lea/ an in*4 ,! tools %\ld be ?or\ghly /]iliz$ by imm]sion 9 a solution ( #a4ajjj bi*loride ( m]cury1 or #e p] c5t solution ( =maldehyde1 be=e cutt+ into ! b>k outside ( ! diseas$ area4 ,exp]im5ts h %[n t a g\ge or knife may c>ry ! spores into heal?y b>k & new infection take place4 ,exp]im5ts are be+ c>ri$ on 9 ! laboratory to det]m9e ! l5g? ( "t :i* spores w live 9 solutions ( diff]5t /r5g?s ( fungicides4 ,x has be5 %[n t a cut made po9t$ at ! top & bottom heals mu* fa/] ?an "o r\nd$4 ,! edges ( ! cut %\ld be made ) c>e s z n to injure ! cambium4 ,! *ips ( diseas$ b>k & wood %\ld n be all[$ to fall on ! gr\nd !n to be =gott54 ,a bag fa/5$ j bel[ ! cank] w collect mo/ ( ?is mat]ial z x is g\g$ out & prev5t possible re9fection1 :i* might take place if ! mat]ial 7 all[$ to scatt] d[n ! b>k4 ,canvas or burlap spread ar\nd "u a small or*>d tree might be suffici5t to cat* all ( ! diseas$ *ips ( b>k & wood cut out ( ! l[] infections4 ,?is diseas$ mat]ial %\ld be burn$ toge!r ) blight$ bran*es4 ,aft] completely cutt+ out all ( ! diseas$ p>ts ! cut surfaces %\ld be ei!r /]iliz$ or cov]$ ) a wat]pro(+ :i* comb9es a fungicide ) a cov]+4 ,among ^! might be m5tion$ coal t> & creosote1 or a mixture ( p9e t>1 l9se$ oil1 lamp black & creosote4 ,! trees :i* h be5 kill$ by blight1 or ne>ly girdl$1 h be5 ov]look$4 ,^! %\ld be cut (f close to ! gr\nd1 ! /ump peel$ & ! b>k & unus$ portions ( ! tree burn$ ov] ! /ump4 ,! m]*antable p>ts ( ! trees %\ld be remov$ f ! woods promptly1 z all dead unb>k$ wood furni%es an excell5t bre$+ place = ! blight fungus4 ,?ird1 :at means 9 ! future c be und]tak5 to keep a tree heal?y1 t is1 to prev5t re9fection4 ,! spores may be c>ri$ by s _m ag5ts t x is difficult to prev5t re9fection4 ,h[ev] x is cle> t ! f>!r infect$ products or trees are remov$ f heal?y trees ! less liable !y are to h spores c>ri$ to !m4 ,coop]ation ) ne>by own]s ( diseas$ trees w help solve ?is problem4 ,spray+ on a l>ge scale has only be5 c>ri$ on1 s f> z ,i "k1 on ! e/ate ( ,pi]re ,du,pont1 ,jr41 at ,k5nett ,squ>e1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,at ?is place !re are _m l>ge *e/nut trees rang+ f sixty to n9ety feet 9 height1 _m ( :i* 7 plant$ "s sixty-five ye>s ago4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,e4 ,:eel] />t$ ! "w ( cutt+ out diseas$ limbs & cank]s 9 ,octob] #aiaa1 & began spray+ ) ,bordeaux mixture 9 ,april #aiab4 ,! =mula #e-e-ej1 five p\nds ( copp] sulphate & five p\nds ( lime 9 #ej gallons ( wat] 0 f\nd to be injuri\s to ! foliage 9 ! ,spr+4 ,?is 0 *ang$ !re=e1 to #d-e-ej1 :i* _h "o p\nd less ( copp] sulphate4 ,?is did n seem to injure ! foliage4 ,ab\t #gj trees 7 spray$ tw5ty times dur+ ! season4 ,ne>ly all ( ^! 7 gone ov] f\r times to remove diseas$ bran*es & cank]s1 once 9 ,octob] #aiaa1 !n 9 e>ly summ] & aga9 9 ,septemb] & ,novemb] #aiab4 ,z an example take tree ,no4 #f :i* 0 /udi$1 ,decemb] #ad1 #aiab4 ,x is #ci in*es 9 diamet] at brea/ height1 & approximately #gj feet 9 height4 ,on ?is "o tree six diseas$ limbs 7 remov$1 & sixte5 cank]s 7 cut out4 ,( ^! sixte51 two infections cont9u$1 t is1 7 n completely cut out1 & _h spread2 ?ree _h infections bel[ old limbs :i* _h be5 remov$1 & elev5 7 heal+ ov]4 ,?is tree 0 ab\t #ajjj feet away f o!r badly infect$ trees1 ?\gh b #be feet away f o!r *e/nut trees 9 ! same r[4 ,! exp]im5t ( ,mr4 ,du,pont 9 spray+ %[s :at c be done on valuable lawn trees4 ,on ! :ole1 ^! trees look well & heal?y4 ,trees :i* 7 n spray$ ov] ?ree times & 7 )9 #ej-ajj feet f badly blight$ trees1 became infect$ 9 s _m diff]5t places t x w be necess>y to remove !m4 ,"o ( ! problems to be solv$ next ye> w be t ( ! lea/ numb] ( spray+s :i* w be effective 9 prev5t+ new infection4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,*airman3 ,! "q ( ! *e/nut blight is n[ op5 = discussion4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,i %\ld l to ask ^! g5tlem5 h[ f> we/ !y h he>d ( *e/nut blight--t is1 he>d ( x ) any degree ( au!nticity1 & also :e!r or n !y c>e to express an op9ion z to :at ! prospects are 9 ! middle we/1 say out 9 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois & ,ohio8 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,9 answ] to t "q1 ,i w say t 9 ,p5nsylvania we h f\nd infections 9 ,wayne ,c\nty & also 9 ,fayette ,c\nty1 bo? ne> ! we/]n extreme ( ! /ate1 b ^? h be5 att5d$ to1 v l>gely1 & ! b\nd>ies closely det]m9$4 ,9 ,ohio !re h be5 sev]al reports ( ! blight be+ f\nd1 b ,i don't ?9k ei!r ( ! reports h be5 prov54 ,!re has be5 a fungus t ,i h spok5 ( z ! ,connellsville fungus1 t has be5 all ar\nd 9 t neighborhood1 s\?-we/]n ,p5nsylvania & ea/]n ,ohio4 ,! ,*airman3 ,is ! ,connellsville fungus also diapor! p>asitica8 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,yes1 sir4 ,x 0 plac$ by ,mr4 ,&]son1 :o did ! "w on t1 9 ! same g5us z diapor!1 b he pref]r$ ! "n endo?ia p>asitica4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! "q is ( *ang+ ! g5]ic "n1 f diapor!1 on ! basis ( ! previ\sly e/abli%$ species8 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,yes1 sir1 previ\sly e/abli%$ species ( endo?ia4 ,x is only a sugge/ion ( ,mr4 ,&]son2 x 0 made by him4 ,?is 0 v simil> to ! true blight fungus & :5 our m5 fir/ w5t out into ! we/]n "p ( ! ,/ate1 !y report$ ^! v>i\s cases t came up !re z *e/nut blight1 & none ( ! pa?ologi/s ( our =ce !n 7 compet5t to det]m9e ! diff]5ce1 except t ! fact 0 not$ ev5 !n t x 0 n gr[+ z a p>asite 9 ! s5se t ! true blight fungus has be5 gr[+ 9 ! ea/4 ,! ,*airman3 ,t may be due to v>ietal diff]5ces1 ?\gh1 r ?an specific8 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,yes1 al?\gh ,mr4 ,&]son seem$ to ?9k x 0 specific4 ,! ,*airman3 ,is !re any fur!r discussion8 ,! subject is wor?y ( a good deal ( comm5t4 ,mr4 ,pom]oy3 ,i want to ask ! speak] :at ! approximate co/ w\ld be = "o spray+ ( a tree ab\t t size1 #gj feet 9 height8 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,we h photographs on ! table !re %[+ our eight hundr$ doll> spray+ ma*9e1 ! same k9d us$ 9 ,massa*usetts 9 gypsy mo? "w4 ,) ?is two m5 c spray ab\t t5 su* trees 9 a day4 ,i hav5't got x d[n 9 black & :ite b ,i figur$ t1 on ^? *e/nuts at ,du,pont's1 !y spray$ ab\t #fjj gallons a day4 ,t5 trees a day w\ld make x1 say1 ) a #b4ej man1 n v high = a tree4 ,i ?9k x co/s 9 all some?+ l f\r doll>s a tree dur+ ! :ole season1 b t is a v r\gh e/imate & ! mat]ials are n includ$4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! co/ w h to be calculat$ on a s5tim5tal basis = ! ornam5tal trees1 & on a comm]cial basis = ! comm]cial trees4 ,! actual value ( ! spray+ has n yet be5 det]m9$4 ,?is spray+ _c rea* ! mycelium 9 ! cambium lay]2 if ! disease has be5 c>ri$ 9 by a beetle or woodpeck] y\r spray+ w\ld be ineffective4 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,yes inde$1 t 0 j ! ?\ght ,mr4 ,gal5a _h1 not)/&+ ! fact t !y cut out all visible infections & ! trees 7 s blue ) spray t y c\ld see !m = half a mile4 ,! ,*airman3 ,b1 lat] on1 cracks & squirrel scrat*es & all sorts ( injuries w\ld all[ new spores to be c>ri$ 98 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,yes1 sir4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,! future ( ! *e/nut dep5ds s l>gely on ! conqu]+ ( ?is disease t no o!r horticultural problem ( ?is nut is1 j at pres5t1 imp]ative4 ,s f> z we "k1 all ( ! ,european & ,am]ican v>ieties are highly subject to ?is disease1 s mu* s t !re is no inducem5t to plant !m1 & we are wait+ = ,dr4 ,morris & a few o!r hybridiz]s to f9d "s hybrids1 or /raight ,japanese v>ieties1 t are ( suffici5t m]it1 & ( suffici5t degree ( resi/ance to ?is disease1 = u to h a basis = build+ up ! future indu/ry4 ,on ! tables !re are q a numb] ( exhibits f ,mr4 ,riehl & ,mr4 ,endicott ( ,ill9ois4 ,mo/ ( !m are hybrids betwe5 ! ,am]ican & ! ,japanese species1 b1 s f> z we "k1 !y h n be5 tri$ 9 communities :]e ! disease prevails4 ,we don't "k :e!r !y are resi/ant or n1 z !y are be+ gr[n 9 a section entirely outside ( ! area :]e ! blight exi/s4 ,i ?9k ,i am "r 9 t1 am ,i n1 ,mr4 ,pi]ce8 ,is !re any *e/nut blight 9 s\!rn ,ill9ois8 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,!re has be5 none report$4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,i ?9k t ! v>ieties t ^! m5 9 ,indiana h orig9at$ are ! mo/ promis+ we "k (4 ,i ?9k t 9 exam9+ ^! specim5s y w agree t !y are ( fairly high quality & good size1 & if !y prove to be resi/ant to ! disease mu* may be expect$ f !m4 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,i h n se5 ! *e/nut blight at all4 ,i hope t x isn't 9 our section4 ,i h he>d x 0 br\ght 9 f "s po9t b ,i d n "k :e!r x 0 id5tifi$ exactly z ! *e/nut blight4 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,i saw a specim5 s5t f ,nor? ,c>ol9a & x prov$ to be ! ,coll9sville fungus4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,if y rememb] read+ ,full]'s book on nuts1 he report$ t ! *e/nut blight ext5d$ ?r\gh ! ,c>ol9as b said t *e/nuts 7 /ill com+ f t direction 9 great abundance4 ,up 9 ,canada we hav5't ! *e/nut blight4 ,! *e/nut tree runs f ! ,ohio ,riv] to ! ,niag>a ,riv] b x doesn't cross into ,mi*igan1 except along ! ,mi*igan ,s\!rn & ,lake ,%ore ,railroad :]e "s ent]pris+ g5tlem5 h plant$ ! *e/nut ) ! tam>ack alt]nately all ! way f ,clevel& to ,*icago4 ,i exam9$ ! /ate ( ,indiana across & f top to bottom sev]al times 9 ! summ] & ,i nev] saw any *e/nuts !re1 b ,i h se5 "s newly plant$ places 9 ,mi*igan2 ne> ,battle ,creek ,i saw a f>m ( ab\t fifty acres4 ,we are hav+ up 9 ,ont>io1 beyond ,toronto1 a blight t has attack$ ! ,lomb>dy popl> & t looks simil> to ! *e/nut blight4 ,i h be5 wat*+ x = ! la/ t5 ye>s & ! tree seems to h at la/ outliv$ x4 ,x dies d[n & !n a little spr\t comes out f ! c>cass4 ,! ,*airman3 ,isn't t ! popl> tree bor] t always attacks ! ,lomb>dy8 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,oh no1 x's v simil> to ! *e/nut tree blight4 ,we c gr[ *e/nut trees all we l b no "o has bra9s en\gh to gr[ !m4 ,! f>m]s gr[ pigs & ?+s b don't bo!r ) *e/nut trees2 consequ5tly ! *e/nut blight does n exi/ !re4 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,i didn't answ] a portion ( ,mr4 ,littlepage's "q4 ,mr4 ,littlepage ask$ :e!r or n ! blight might be expect$ 9 ! ,middle ,we/4 ,t dep5ds1 m or less1 ^u ! results ( ! "w ,p5nsylvania is n[ c>ry+ on4 ,if we c keep ! disease f ext5d+ ?r\gh ! t]ritory 9 :i* we are work+1 !re is a v good *ance to keep x out ( ! ,we/4 ,if we are n successful1 x may be expect$ to develop1 9 "t1 ov] ! :ole *e/nut range4 ,!re seems to be a v good opportunity = gr[+ ! *e/nut comm]cially beyond its pres5t range2 t is1 :]e x is s infrequ5t z n to be 9 dang] f infect$ gr[?s ne>by4 ,9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate diff]5t p h report$ t ! blight seem$ to !m to be dy+ out &1 a numb] ( ^! reports com+ f a c]ta9 locality1 ! ,commission decid$ to inve/igate "o :i* seem$ to be bett] report$ ?an ! o!rs4 ,x 0 f\nd1 aft] a v ext5sive inve/igation1 t ?is dy+ out 0 true only 9 ! s5se t x 0 n spread+1 p]haps1 z fa/ z x _h be5 spread+ be=e4 ,! mycelium & ! spores 7 heal?y & 7 affect+ ! new trees 9 q ! same mann] z ! ye> be=e & z 9 o!r p>ts ( ! /ate4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! "q ( controll+ blight aft] x has appe>$ is ( v great consequ5ce4 ,conc]n+ any comm]cial proposition ) *e/nuts ! p are wide awake to ! s]i\sness ( ! blight4 ,!y are afraid to g into gr[+ *e/nut or*>ds2 !y h _h s _m fake propositions 9 ! pa/ 9 pecan promotions t !y are afraid ( *e/nuts & ev]y?+ else4 ,any proposition = br++ =w>d *e/nuts comm]cially mu/ be a pla91 simple1 /raight=w>d /atem5t ( ! tru?1 ! :ole tru? & no?+ b ! tru?4 ,we are ready1 all ?r\gh ! ,nor? & ,ea/1 to raise hundr$s ( acres ( *e/nuts1 su* z ,mr4 ,re$ has spok5 ab\t1 ones :i* resi/ ! blight1 or ones :i* resi/ ! blight comp>atively well4 ,let u consid] comp>ative immunity = a mom5t4 ,we "k h[ exp5sive x is to manage an apple or*>d1 & yet1 ) ! pres5t high prices1 ! pr(its on apple or*>ds1 well manag$1 are great4 ,may we n h *e/nut or*>ds manag$ ) ! same degree ( relative exp5se & ! same degree ( relative pr(it8 ,i w\ld l v mu* to he> f "s ( ! m5 :o h actually rais$ *e/nuts 9 or*>ds conc]n+ ! relative c>e ( ! *e/nut comp>$ ) ! apple1 & ! relative pr(it4 ,i see ,col4 ,sob] "h2 c't y tell u ab\t y\r exp]i5ce 9 manag+ ! blight8 ,c x be manag$ successfully 9 proportion z apple tree p>asites are manag$8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,my exp]i5ce has be5 ?is2 ,i h f\r hundr$ acres ( *e/nuts 9 be>+4 ,!y range f five ye>s to fifte5 ye>s old4 ,i f9d t ,i c control ! blight easi] ?an ,i c control ! scale on apple trees4 ,if anyone doesn't believe ?is ,i invite him & all to come to my place & see = !mselves4 ,i ?9k ,i h ne>ly "o million se$l+ & graft$ p>agon trees4 ,i don't ?9k y w f9d fifty affect$ trees on ! :ole place today4 ,i h m5 go+ 9 e grove at ! pres5t "t :o h inspect$ ?\s&s ( trees & f\nd sev5 t _h blight on ! limbs1 s ,i "k :at ,i am speak+ ab\t4 ,! ,*airman3 ,:at is y\r me?od8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,cutt+ out1 cutt+ (f any?+ ,i see2 if x is really necess>y1 cut ! tree d[n2 b we don't (t5 f9d t necess>y because j z quick z we see any affect$1 or any limb dy+ or dead1 we cut x (f4 ,i _h my groves laid out 9 sections ( a hundr$ feet wide & numb]$2 & ,i _h *>ts made s t !y c be inspect$ section by section4 ,9 t mann]1 e tree is inspect$4 ,"o individual w inspect ! trunk & ano!r "o ! top4 ,9 ea* section ,i c %[ y z f> z we h gone4 ,i c %[ y h[ _m trees are 9 ea* section & h[ _m affect$ trees !re are 9 t section1 or :e!r !re are any or n4 ,i say ,i c control x easi] ?an ,i c control scale & ) less exp5se & ,i want t to g on record4 ,!re is no "q ab\t x4 ,x c be se5 at my place4 ,i g ov] my groves ab\t f\r times a ye> & h be5 do+ x all ! "t1 & ,i don't d\bt b t ,i discov]$ ?is disease ! fir/ ( anybody 9 ! /ate1 p]haps1 9 #aijb4 ,i 0 look+ ar\nd to cut scions & ,i saw "o tree ^: c5t] 0 dead & ar\nd x 7 ! f9e/ %oots almo/ t ,i _h ev] se5 = graft+ purposes4 ,i w5t to x & saw ! c5t] 0 dead4 ,i cut "s scions & today t is "o ( ! f9e/ trees ,i've got on my place4 ,f :at ,i "k n[ t 0 a blight$ tree4 ,a memb]3 ,did y pa9t ov] ! sc>s8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,no sir1 b we are do+ x n[1 us+ :ite lead4 ,a memb]3 ,h[ mu* blight is !re ar\nd y8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,i am surr\nd$ ) x on all sides4 ,"r up aga9/ my groves ab\t #ag p] c5t ( ! trees are affect$4 ,t is ! report com+ f ! p>ties inspect+ n[ = ! ,blight ,commission4 ,i %ipp$ ,mr4 ,mayo ab\t f\r or five ?\s& trees ?is fall4 ,i don't suppose !re 7 a doz5 t 7 ?r[n out1 ?9k+ !y 7 blight$ or diseas$4 ,we h records ( all t up at my place4 ,!re are "s trees "r "h n[ t came f my nurs]y4 ,i wi% y g5tlem5 c\ld j see = y\rselves2 come out & see4 ,! ,*airman3 ,9 advanc+ ?is *e/nut on a comm]cial basis x _h bett] be /at$ t x does n blight z badly z ! ,am]ican *e/nut & t :5 blight$ x c be c>$ = ) less co/ ?an ! apple tree4 ,i w\ld sugge/ t "s su* notice be s5t out ) comm]cial /ock4 ,t w\ld put x on ! "r basis s t ! *e/nut w\ld f9d its position1 :i* x is n f9d+ n[ because ! p are full ( ! blight2 & if a frank1 full /atem5t ( ?is sort 7 made ,i believe x w\ld be extremely important4 ,mr4 ,rockey3 ,i w5t ?r\gh practically ! :ole ext5t ( ,mr4 ,sob]'s or*>d rec5tly & f\nd "o infect$ tree4 ,i c v\* = ! /atem5t t he has made t he is almo/ surr\nd$ by blight4 ,! ,*airman3 ,i h giv5 att5tion to only a few ( my own trees t 7 blight$ because ,i h too mu* else to d & too l>ge a place1 a c\ple ( hundr$ acres engag$ 9 a small & l>ge way1--a v>iety ( ways--) nut trees2 & ! few ,i h c>$ to save aft] blight has begun ,i h sav$ by cutt+ x out v ?or\ghly & us+ ei!r :ite pa9t or graft+ wax4 ,i us$ also p9e t> & "s gas t>4 ,i kill$ "s good trees t ,i want$ p>ticul>ly to save by putt+ on gas t>4 ,! matt] ( compell+ ! removal ( infect$ trees is a v important "o1 b x mu/ re/ ) ! au?orities4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york we h s mu* h>d wood t y _c sell x unless y are 9 "s sort ( a trade comb9ation4 ,f9e oak1 f9e hickory1 f9e *e/nut1 y c't dispose ( 9 ,new ,york ,city1 because we h su* a lot ( x4 ,we h wild de] )9 fifte5 miles ( ,new ,york ,city on ?ree sides ( u on acc\nt ( ! =e/s4 ,y h got to f9d "s special way = dispos+ ( ?is blight$ *e/nut timb]4 ,telephone & telegraph poles & ties all g = no?+1 unless y happ5 to be s situat$ t y c manage ! matt] comm]cially1 & a way %\ld be f\nd by ! /ate s t p c dispose ( _! blight$ timb]1 :i* is j z good z any o!r4 ,x is v important to note t ! boy sc\ts are int]e/$1 & we ought to enc\rage _! int]e/4 ,x is a spl5did ?+1 gett+ ! int]e/ ( boys engag$4 ,y "k h[ active a boy is 9 gett+ a snake f "u a rock & he w d ! same ?+ ) ! *e/nut blight4 ,x is 8 natural t5d5cy to hu/le :5 he gets aft] any?+4 ,?is *e/nut blight belongs to ! microbe gr\p & ! microbe is ! great enemy ( mank9d4 ,9 w>s ! microbe kills ab\t eight m5 = e "o kill$ by missiles4 ,if we c enc\rage ! int]e/ ( boy sc\ts 9 fight+ ! greate/ ( all human enemies1 ! microbe1 includ+ ?is little fungus1 we %all h a spl5did work+ =ce4 ,9 reg>d to ! injection ( poisons & m$ic9es into trees1 x seems to me t a v firm /& ought to be tak5 by all responsible m5 :o "k any?+ ab\t plant pa?ology4 ,we "k t a poison inject$ into a tree mu/ ei!r act injuri\sly "r !re ^u ! cells ( ! tree1 or else mu/ und]go metabolic *anges4 ,a tree _c use any?+ t is ?r[n into x1 poison or food or any?+ else1 until x has und]gone a metabolic *ange2 y mu/ h a di/9ct1 def9ite *emical process tak+ place & we ought to /ate t mo/ ( ! sub/ances :i* are alleg$ to be ( value1 :5 inject$ into a tree1 are ei!r absolutely wor?less or injuri\s4 ,"o man tri$ to p]suade me t 8 m$ication if appli$ to ! cambium lay] w\ld be absorb$1 & said t if ,i w\ld only use x on a few ( my trees ,i c\ld see = myself4 ,he said x w\ld drive (f ev5 ! aphides4 ,i tri$ x on f\r trees affect$ ) aphides & f\nd t he told me ! tru?4 ,x drove !m (f1 because ! trees di$ & ! aphides left4 ,"o tree liv$ a ye> be=e be+ kill$2 x 0 a mo/ insidi\s sort ( dea?1 b ! aphides left t tree4 7,laught]47 ,"s ( ! ,asiatic *e/nuts resi/ ! blight v well4 ,curi\sly en\gh :5 graft$ ^u "s ( ! ,am]ican *e/nuts !y !n become vuln]able4 ,two ye>s ago1 f a lot ( ab\t "o ?\s& ,corean *e/nuts 9 :i* !re _h be5 up to t "t no blight1 ,i graft$ scions on ,am]ican /ump spr\ts & ab\t #ej p] c5t ( ^? grafts blight$ 9 ! next ye>1 %[+ t ! ,am]ican *e/nut sap (f]s a pabulum attractive to ! ,diapor!1 & t is a fact ( collat]al value 9 gett+ our negative te/imony ^u ! po9t4 ,conc]n+ ! "q ( c>ry+ blight fifty miles1 !re's no tell+ h[ f> birds w fly c>ry+ ! spores ( ,diapor! ^u _! feet4 ,! spores are viscid & adh]e to ! feet ( beetles1 or migratory birds :i* sometimes make long lat]al flights foll[+ food1 r ?an direct flights nor? & s\?4 ,x is q easy to imag9e birds c>ry+ ?is ,diapor! ov] an int]val ( possibly fifty miles1 mak+ t di/ance 9 "o night p]haps4 ,someone may h c>ri$ *e/nuts 9 8 pocket to give to 8 gr&daught] fifty miles away1 & 9 t way c>ri$ ! blight4 ,if any graft$ trees h be5 c>ri$ fifty miles1 or any railroad ties1 ) a little b>k on1 c>ri$ fifty miles & !n ?r[n (f1 x might blight ! *e/nuts 9 t vic9ity4 ,"o c h z mu* range ( imag9ation z he pleases z ,longfell[ says1 ,!re is no limit to ! imag9ation 9 connection ) que/ions ( spread+ ! blight ( ,diapor!4 ,"s ( ! ,japanese & ,corean *e/nuts & "s ( ! ,*9ese *e/nuts resi/ blight fairly well4 ,among my *9kap9s1 ,i h ! common pumila & ! ,miss\ri v>iety ( pumila1 :i* gr[s 9 tree =m =ty or fifty feet high4 ,i h ! ald]-leaf *e/nut1 :i* keeps gre5 leaves till ,*ri/mas1 sometimes till ,m>* :5 ! sn[ buries !m1 & ^? comp>atively "y trees h %[n no blight2 b "o hybrid1 betwe5 ! *9kap9 & ! ,am]ican *e/nut1 ab\t twelve ye>s ( age1 has blight$ sev]al times4 ,i h cut (f ! bran*es & kept x go+1 b ?is ye> ,i %all cut x d[n4 ,x w />t at ! root & spr\t up aga94 ,i ?\ght ,i'd give up t hybrid1 b hav+ he>d ,col4 ,sob]'s report ,i w beg9 at ! root & look aft] "s ( ! spr\ts4 ,t hybrid is ! only "o ( my *9kap9 gr\p t has blight$ at all4 ,9 reg>d to ! use ( bi*loride ( m]cury or =maldehyde1 x seems to me t =maldehyde w be a bett] g]micide ?an bi*loride ( m]cury1 because bi*loride ( m]cury coagulates ! album9\s "p ( ! plasm & may de/roy ! cell /ructure1 :]eas ! =maldehyde w be m p5etrat+ & less injuri\s4 ,"o w\ld ne$ to "k h[ /rong a =maldehyde solution c be us$ safely4 ,i presume ! mo/ vuln]able "p ( ! tree w\ld be at ! bud axils4 ,spray+ mu/ require consid]able exp]i5ce at ! pres5t "t & is ( d\btful effici5cy = timb] *e/nuts ,i am sure4 ,we w\ld l v mu* to he> any fur!r comm5t ^u ?is subject4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,mr4 ,sob]'s or*>d is s unusually l>ge t evid5tly x does n apply to av]age cases4 ,! av]age man is buy+ *e/nut trees = ! g>d5 or y>d or lane4 ,pr(4 ,coll9s has an acre on ! top ( a hill at ,atlantic ,=ge & !re he has f\ght dilig5tly ) ! skill ( a highly tra9$ man1 & ! blight is gradually driv+ him back4 ,i ?9k t 9 a %ort "t ! trees on ,pr(4 ,coll9s' acre w be gone4 ,i believe we ne$ mu* m in=mation be=e we c (f] any hope t *e/nut trees f a nurs]y w be safe aga9/ blight4 ,i %\ld l to ask ! ,blight ,commission if !y are at ! pres5t "t plann+ to bre$ immune /ra9s ( *e/nuts1 & if n1 ,i wi% to sugge/ t x is a piece ( "w well wor?y ( _! consid]ation4 ,!y might try graft+ on ,am]ican /ocks1 or on _! own se$l+s1 "s ( ! ,korean *e/nuts1 on any v>iety t promises resi/ance1 & also hybridiz+1 ) ! hope ( gett+ a good nut t w resi/ ! blight4 ,! ,*airman3 ,t is a v important matt]1 no d\bt4 ,9 reg>d to ! few *e/nuts b\ght = lanes & g>d5s1 ,i "k a good _m m5 :o h b\ght a few graft$ *e/nuts ) ! idea ( sett+ out a numb] ( acres if ^? few did well1 be+ m5 ( a cons]vative sort4 ,m5 ( t sort are ! ones we want to h 9 our ,association4 ,we want to h m5 :o w buy f\r trees1 & if !y d well1 set out f\r hundr$ acres4 ,t is :at a great _m m5 h _h 9 m9d 9 buy+ two1 f\r or six trees ( any "o k9d2 !y want to try !m out4 ,t is ! wise way1 ! cons]vative way1 ! truly progressive way4 ,if we are go+ to h v l>ge numb]s ( any "o k9d ( *e/nut set out1 we mu/ make a /atem5t ( ! dang]s1 s t m5 may be =ew>n$4 ,if !y set !m out )\t w>n+ & are disappo9t$1 !y drop ! entire subject & g to rais+ corn & hogs2 & !n1 to save tr\ble1 turn ^! hogs into ! corn & get to do+ ?+s 9 ! easie/ way1 r ?an c>ry on ! complicat$ me?ods ( agriculture t belong to ! _s ( ! pres5t "t4 ,i w\ld l to "k if _m ef=ts are be+ made t[>d bre$+ immune k9ds4 ,i am at "w on t myself4 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,our ,commission has rec5tly gott51 ,i ?9k1 ab\t fifty p\nds ( ,*9ese *e/nuts ( sev]al k9ds1 :i* !y expect to plant = exp]im5t4 ,besides t !y h made "s o!r arrangem5ts ( :i* ,i "k v little4 ,?is inve/igation w take ye>s4 ,! ,commission has be5 compell$ to devote itself to s _m l9es ( "w t ,i am afraid ?is "q has n be5 giv5 ! att5tion x might h _h4 ,i ?9k 9 ! future !re w be a good deal done along t l9e4 ,two ( u h be5 giv5 ! title ( tree surgeons1 & we "w1 or make arrangem5ts to h someone else "w1 sometimes ! sc\t1 9 ! or*>ds ?r\gh\t ! /ate4 ,i h a li/ ( two hundr$ own]s ( cultivat$ *e/nut trees t ,i got 9 ! la/ mon? f v>i\s s\rces4 ,anyone 9 ,p5nsylvania :o has a cultivat$ *e/nut tree1 c s5d a po/al c>d1 get "o ( u out to exam9e ! tree & see :e!r x is blight$1 & we w demon/rate :at c be done 9 ! way ( treat+ x4 ,i h done t "r along 9 ! la/ two mon?s4 ,if x is only a s+le tree ,i cut out all ,i c myself4 ,! ,*airman3 ,!re are two di/9ct que/ions2 fir/1 ! *e/nut z a food tree1 & second1 z a timb] tree4 ,y\r "w has be5 *iefly ) ! *e/nut z a timb] tree8 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,no1 m9e has be5 mo/ly on ! lawn1 s t x is = nuts4 ,exp]im5ts made on "o or two species ( ,japanese *e/nuts %[ ab\t #i p] c5t ( tann92 ! tann9 9 ! ,am]ican *e/nut runs only #f p] c5t & 9 ! small ,am]ican1 runs less4 ,we "k t ! ,japanese is some:at m immune ?an ! ,am]ican4 ,we h already f\nd t x has #ej p] c5t m tann94 ,i believe "o ( u wrote y ab\t exp]im5ts to f9d out ! p]c5tage ( tann9 9 ,corean1 ,nor? ,japanese1 ,s\? ,japanese & ,*9ese *e/nuts4 ,! inve/igation w be c>ri$ on = ! next two or ?ree mon?s4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,may ,i ask if !re is any soil food t w\ld increase ! am\nt ( tann98 ,trees protect !mselves4 ,we h wat*$ ! black walnut & se5 him fight all sorts ( enemies4 ,! tree has poisons ev]y:]e & ! nut a ?ick %ell to boot & doesn't coax enemies to get at him or to eat him until he is ripe4 ,a ,memb]3 ,h y f\nd t f]tiliz+ a tree increas$ ! p]c5tage ( tann98 ,mr4 ,rockey3 ,t hasn't be5 det]m9$ yet b x w be /udi$4 ,! ,*airman3 ,x is a "q if ! t5d5cy w\ld n be = tann9 to g ov] to sug> & cellulose "u cultivation4 ,i don't rememb] ! *emi/ry on t4 ,ar5't !re any exp]t *emi/s "h :o c tell u8 ,! natural t5d5cy ( ! tree "u high cultivation w\ld be to *ange tann9 ov] into sug> & />*4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,?is talk ( ! *e/nut blight rem9ds me ( a rem>k made by a g5tleman at a pea* gr[+ conv5tion4 ,he said ! be/ ?+ t ev] happ5$ to ?is c\ntry 0 to get t ,san ,jose scale because x /opp$ lazy m5 f gr[+ pea*es4 ,he said1 ,i don't m9d x a bit & c make m money ?an :5 pea*es 7 no?+ a basket4 ,probably nature w help u "s way4 ,! ,*airman3 ,we h to consid] :at nature wants to d4 ,mr4 ,mayo3 ,if ,i am 9 ord]1 ,i w\ld l to "k :e!r ?is fungus tr\ble is likely 9 ! future to attack or has at any "t attack$1 ! apple1 pe> or qu9ce8 ,! ,*airman3 ,i ?9k x has be5 pretty well decid$ t !y are n 9 dang]4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 ask ,mr4 ,rockey & ,mr4 ,pi]ce to answ] t "q4 ,mr4 ,rockey3 ,up to ! pres5t "t !re has be5 no indication t ! blight w get into !m4 ,?is might be a good occasion = me to m5tion ! ,connellsville fungus aga94 ,x 0 f\nd on "s ( ! oaks & o!r trees 9 ?is section ( ! c\ntry1 & = a "t x look$ z ?\gh ! blight 0 gett+ into o!r species1 b s9ce t fungus has be5 id5tifi$ !re has be5 no indication t ! blight w ext5d beyond ! *e/nut gr\p z a p>asite1 al?\gh y c inoculate oaks & o!r trees ) ! fungus & x w live 9 !m1 b only on ! dead portion ( ! tree & n z ! p>asite lives on ! *e/nut4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,i %\ld l to ask ,mr4 ,sob] if he has f\nd any evid5ce t ! p>agon *e/nut diff]s f ! native *e/nut 9 resi/ance to ! blight1 & if 8 p>agons are diff]5t f o!r p>agons8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,i _c say :e!r my *e/nuts are diff]5t f ! o!r p>agon *e/nuts or n1 or :e!r !y are z resi/ant to ! blight4 ,i "k x is a v sweet *e/nut4 ,9 reg>d to keep+ my groves clean--f #aija to #aiaj1 we _h ?ree broods ( locu/s & two hail/orms t op5$ ! b>k 9 almo/ e tree & bran*4 ,! limbs 7 /ung by ! locu/s ?\s&s ( times1 s t ,i didn't h a crop ( *e/nuts4 ,pr(essor ,davis 0 cutt+ (f limbs = a c\ple ( mon?s s y see my trees 7 op51 if any ev] 71 to receive ! blight4 ,! hail/orms de/roy$ ! leaves & ,i didn't h any *e/nuts t ye> 9 "o "p ( my grove & ) all t--y p come & see h[ clean x is1 t's all !re is to x4 ,i "k :at ,i've done & :at ,i c d4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! next pap] 9 ord] is t ( ,pr(essor ,smi?4 ,,nut ,,gr[+ ,,& ,,tree ,,bre$+ ,,& ,,_! ,,relation ,,to ,,cons]vation ,,pr(essor ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi?1 ,,p5nsylvania ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ladies & g5tlem52 ,i am go+ to ask y\r indulg5ce = includ+ 9 my subject a matt] t p]haps goes a little beyond ! scope ( ?is organization1 = ,i wi% to speak ( fruit z well z nut-be>+ trees4 ,cons]vation1 ^: object is ! pres]vation ( our res\rces = future g5]ations1 z well z = ourselves1 f9ds its greate/ problem 9 ! pres]vation ( ! soil4 ,! =e/s c come aga9 if ! soil be left4 ,x is probable t we c f9d sub/itutes = coal1 & = ne>ly ev]y?+ else1 b once ! soil is gone1 all is gone2 & ! greate/ dang] to ! soil is n robb]y by ill cropp+1 because no matt] h[ man may abuse ! soil1 sci5tific agriculture c br+ x back ) a/oni%+ spe$4 ,b ! greate/ enemy ( cons]vation is erosion1 ! be/ *ecks = erosion are roots4 ,?us f>1 ! only man :o has be5 tell+ u any?+ ab\t plant+ roots ^u ! hillsides is ! =e/]4 ,b he usually sets no?+ b wood trees1 :i* at ! end ( fifty or a hundr$ or a hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 we c cut d[n1 & :i*1 dur+ ! int]v5+ "t1 h done no?+ b ca/ %ade1 drop leaves & reta9 ! soil4 ,my doctr9e is t ! pot5tially greate/ crop-produc+ plants are n ^? on :i* we n[ dep5d = our food1 b are ! trees12 t ! greate/ eng9es = production are n ! grasses1 b ! trees4 ,our agriculture is an inh]itance f ! savage1 & ! savage f\nd t he c\ld d bett] ) annual gra9s ?an he c\ld ) nut trees1 because he didn't "k h[ to improve ! nut crop by selection ( ! trees1 :ile !re came involunt>ily an improvem5t 9 ! o!r crops4 ,no man today kn[s ! p>5tage ( "s ( ! cultivat$ plants & gra9s on :i* we n[ dep5d4 ,?us we came d[n to ! pres5t day ( sci5ce1 ) ! purely *ance discov]ies ( savages z ! ma9 dep5d5ce ( mank9d = ! basis ( agriculture4 ,we h )9 a decade discov]$ ! laws ( plant bre$+4 ,we "k a good deal m ab\t x n[ ?an ev] be=e & are 9 a position to />t ab\t x v delib]ately & ) a reasonable c]ta9ty t we are go+ to get c]ta9 comb9ations ( qualities if we keep at x long en\gh4 ,?us ! hickory & walnut (f] p]fect m>vels ( possibilities4 ,look ar\nd on ^! tables & see ! size ( "s ( ^! ?+s4 ,!re are hickory nuts #a-a_/d in* long & !re are %agb>ks z full ( meat z pecans & probably q z good4 ,!re are 9 ,k5tucky1 ,i am told1 hickory nuts t y c take 9 y\r f+]s & cru%4 ,"h we h ! pecan1 ?is great big %ellb>k f ,indiana1 ! %agb>k f ! ,nor?1 & ! ?9 %ell nuts f ,k5tucky4 ,n[ hybridize ^! & ,i ?9k1 if y "w at x long en\gh1 y w get a tree t w h all ^? good qualities4 ,! wond]ful black walnut is a tree ( h>d9ess1 & ! delici\s ,p]sian or ,engli% walnut is a nut ( acceptable =m4 ,! pair (f]s spl5did possibilities 9 _! hybrid prog5y4 ,we h fruits ?us f> recogniz$ z ( little value :i* (f] great possibilities z =age produc]s4 ,! mulb]ry be>s f ,june to ,septemb] & ! p]simmon f ,septemb] till ,m>* & ! pig h>ve/s !m himself4 ,we h ! possibility ( a br&-new agriculture1 dep5d+ n ^u gra9s1 b ^u tree crops1 provid$ someone w bre$ ! crop-yield+ trees :i* we c use4 ,?is w p]mit u to use entirely diff]5t k9ds ( l& f t n[ consid]$ be/ = agriculture4 ,! natural necessities = plant gr[?1 ,i believe1 are heat1 moi/ure1 sunlight & f]tility4 ,n[ !y are n all ! limit+ factors ) man1 because man adds ! fif?1 ! arbitr>y fact ( arability1 & t "r away b>s out ab\t half ( ! f]tile e>?1 because :5 we insi/ on heat1 light1 moi/ure1 f]tility & arability1 we leave out t r\gh half ( ! e>? equally f]tile1 idle1 subject only to ! "w ( ! =e/]1 :o w give u a =e/ ab\t #aiii4 ,x might j z well be plant$ ) a ho/ ( crop-yield+ trees1 ! walnuts1 hickory nuts1 pecans1 p]simmons1 mulb]ries--& ! li/ is v long4 ,!re are at ! pres5t "t 9 use 9 ,m$it]ranean c\ntries tw5ty-five crop-yield+ trees o!r ?an ! ord9>y or*>d fruits4 ,i am told t !y h oak trees !re :i* yield an acorn t is bett] ?an ! *e/nut4 ,a pig w fill himself ) acorns on ! "o hillside & ) figs on ! next hillside & !n lie d[n & get fat4 ,we are too indu/ri\s1 we wait on ! pig2 ,i want ! pig to wait on himself4 ,b :o is go+ to bre$ ^! ?+s8 ,^! crop yield+ trees8 ,a g5tleman told u ?is morn+ t he 0 n n]v\s1 t he c\ld wat* a hickory tree gr[1 & /at$ t he _h =ty acres ( l& & 0 bre$+ trees = fun4 ,"h is ,dr4 ,morris1 :o is hav+ a delici\s "t do+ ! same ?+4 ,we %\ld n h to dep5d on en?usia/s :o are work+ = fun2 we mu/ n dep5d on su* s\rces = ! greate/ gifts 9 ! l9e ( food production t man c imag9e4 ,?is "w %\ld be done by e /ate 9 ! ,union4 ,i believe t x is capable ( pro( t we c get j z mu* yield f a hillside 9 untill$ fruit & nut-yield+ trees1 z we c f putt+ t same hillside "u ! pl\gh & gett+ :eat1 corn1 b>ley1 rye & oats & a little grass once 9 a :ile4 ,x w make j z mu* pig or j z _m calories ( man food f ! tree crops z x w make "u ! pl\gh4 ,& "u ! pl\gh t hillside is go+ d[n ! /ream to *oke x & r$uce ! hillside to no?+4 ,we h ?ree classes ( l&4 ,! fir/ class is ! level l&1 :i* belongs to ! pl\gh n[ & = all "t4 ,! ?ird class1 :i* is ! unpl\ghable /eep m\nta9 & hill l&1 is probably z great 9 area z ! level l&1 & betwe5 ! two is ! hilly l& t we are n[ cultivat+ to its great detrim5t1 visibly r$uc+ ! e>?'s res\rces by br++ ab\t rapidly t condition :i* has l$ to ! say+ 9 ! ,old ,_w3 ,aft] man1 ! des]t4 ,! ,roman ,empire1 :]e m5 h _h possession = two ?\s& ye>s1 proves1 ,aft] man1 ! des]t4 ,x is equally prov5 9 mu* ( ,*9a1 b x c be prev5t$ if ^! hill l&s are put to trees4 ,b we _c af=d to put ^? l&s into trees unless ! trees yield4 ,i move t ?is ,association memorialize ^? p]sons :o are 9 position to promote ! bre$+ ( fruit & nut-yield+ trees1 t we may br+ ne>] ! day ( tree-crop agriculture4 ,i want a lett] to g f ?is ,association ) ! au?ority ( ! ,association & its sanction1 to ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture at ,wa%+ton & to all ! m5 9 au?ority 9 ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry at ,wa%+ton1 to ! ,presid5ts ( ! ,/ate ,agricultural ,colleges1 ! ,directors ( ,exp]im5t ,/ations & pr(essors :o are int]e/$ 9 plant bre$+4 ,t w make a li/ ( ?ree or f\r hundr$ p]sons & involve an exp5diture ( a few doll>s b ,i believe x w be productive ( good4 ,i hope t ! ,association w see fit to l5d its "n & a little ca% to t proposition1 because if we c get ! au?ority ( ! /ate & ! money ( ! /ate1 ! results w come mu* m rapidly ?an if !re are j a few ( u do+ x indep5d5tly4 7,applause47 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,*airman3 ,w someone put ,pr(4 ,smi?'s sugge/ion 9 ! =m ( a motion8 ,a ,memb]3 ,i move t x be ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,resolutions4 7,motion c>ri$47 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,und\bt$ly we all agree ) ,pr(4 ,smi?4 ,he spoke ( ! p]simmon4 ,:5 ,i speak ( ! p]simmon 9 my c\ntry nobody kn[s :at ,i am talk+ ab\t4 ,i f\nd two trees 9 ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*igan1 9 a front y>d4 ,! p]son :o own$ !m 0 an old lady4 ,i said1 ,w y give me ^! p]simmons8 ,%e said1 ,yes1 take !m all2 ! neighbors come "h & :ile !y are gett+ ! p]simmons !y bo!r me a lot4 ,ev]ybody seems to l !m4 ,!y 7 delici\s p]simmons t 7 q edible be=e fro/1 !y are probably ! two fur!/ nor? p]simmon trees 9 ! _w4 ,i w5t a little way ar\nd ,devil ,lake1 & f\nd pawpaws4 ,!y are a v good fruit :5 cultivat$4 ,! idea ( pres]v+ ! soil & n s5d+ x all into ! ,lakes & d[n into ! ,gulf ( ,mexico--t is a good idea ( ,pr(4 ,smi?'s4 ,mr4 ,g>dn]3 ,i submit t t ,battle ,creek woman %\ld />t a new breakfa/ food4 7,laught]47 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,e second ye> !re is an imm5se crop on "o ( ! p]simmon trees2 !y are a male & female1 ,i ?9k4 ,y c't see ! bran*es = ! fruit1 & ! !rmomet] !re falls to #bb degrees bel[ z]o4 ,! ,*airman3 ,y c graft ! male trees ) pi/illate grafts if y want to1 or y c transf] grafts bo? ways4 ,! p]simmon & pawpaw w und\bt$ly bo? gr[ at ,toronto4 ,!y are n indig5\s !re because ( natural *ecks to developm5t 9 _! spr\t+ /age1 b if y buy ,indiana /ock = ,toronto1 su* transplant$ trees w bo? gr[ !re1 ,i am sure4 ,?is is n q relevant to ,pr(4 ,smi?'s pap]4 ,x seems to me t ,pr(4 ,smi? gave u a v compreh5sive resume ( facts be>+ ^u ! situation1 p]haps n p>ticul>ly call+ = discussion4 ,we are v glad to h 8 arraignm5t ( facts4 ,! next pap] on ! program w be t ( ,dr4 ,dem+4 ,:ile ,dr4 ,dem+ is gett+ ready1 ,i w\ld l to h ! trees %[n4 ,mr4 ,jones w speak ab\t 8 pecans1 ^! specim5s ( "y trees "h4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,^! are pecans t ,mr4 ,rop] br\ght up f ! ,arr[field ,nurs]ies4 7,"h ,mr4 ,jones describ$ ! trees47 ,! ,*airman3 ,w\ld ^? trees gr[ aft] !y h be5 dri$ z mu* z t8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,i don't ?9k s2 pecans don't /& mu* dry+4 ,! ,*airman3 ,no1 unless y cut (f all ! roots4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,if we %\ld dig up a tree l ?is & cut x (f a foot & a half d[n1 w\ld x be all "r to transplant x8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes1 if y\r season %\ld n be too dry4 ,! ,*airman3 ,:at has be5 y\r exp]i5ce ) ! ,/r+fell[ me?od ( cutt+ (f e s+le root8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we cut ! tap-roots (f1 b leave an in* ( ! lat]al roots4 ,! ,*airman3 ,i ?9k y c d bett] by foll[+ ! ,/r+fell[ me?od & cutt+ (f all ! lat]als4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,if y 7 go+ to transplant ^? = y\r own use :]e w\ld y cut !m (f8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,ab\t "h1 a foot & a half d[n4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,& ! top8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes1 sir1 ,i'd r$uce ! top ab\t t mu*2 ,i ?9k we w h to "w = a bett] root = ! ,nor?4 ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,,nuts ,,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+1 ,,we/*e/]1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,9 8 (ficial capacity z secret>y ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association ! writ] is frequ5tly ask$1 by p]sons wi%+ to gr[ nuts1 ab\t climate1 soils1 v>ieties & me?ods4 ,! foll[+ obs]vations are int5d$ to apply only to ! nor!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! c\ntry ly+ ea/ ( ! ,rockies & nor? ( ! range ( ! s\!rn pecan4 ,!y are int5d$ m = ! p]son :o already has 8 l&1 or is re/rict$ 9 8 range1 ?an = ! "o :o c range wide = l>g] op]ations & w /udy deep] be=e decid+4 ,x is probable t mo/ nuts w gr[ :]ev] ! pea* w4 ,outside ! pea* area !re is probably n mu* use 9 try+ to gr[ ! pecan or ,p]sian walnut4 ,yet x mu/ always be rememb]$ t nut gr[+ 9 ! ,nor? is1 at pres5t1 almo/ entirely exp]im5tal & t anybody may be able to disprove ! au?orities4 ,we are all exp]im5t+ n[4 ,by & by x w be diff]5t4 ,9 sev]] climates ! *e/nut1 %agb>k1 black walnut1 butt]nut1 hazel1 bee*1 p9e1 ,japanese cordi=mis & h>dy ,*9ese walnuts c be gr[n or1 at lea/1 (f] possibilities4 ,9 su* climates ! developm5t ( ! native nuts by selection & cross+1 & ! adaptation ( ali5 nuts1 des]ves1 & w repay1 exp]im5t4 ,x is to be suppos$1 z be=e said1 t ! hopeful beg9n] already has 8 l&4 ,let him *oose ! be/ "p ( x t he c sp>e4 ,by be/ "p is meant ! mo/ f]tile1 n too wet nor too dry nor1 if possible1 too hilly to cultivate4 ,h>d pan ne> ! surface1 & too ?ick to be easily brok5 up by dynamite1 is n desirable4 ,a nut or*>d ought to h mu* ! same prep>ation z an apple or*>d4 ,a practical way w\ld be to pl[ deeply & h>r[ well 9 summ] & s[ a cov] crop l rye & vet* or clov]4 ,! m /able manure1 or o!r f]tiliz]1 appli$ ! bett]4 ,let ! field n[ be /ak$ (f ?irty feet ap>t 9 squ>es1 or 9 triangles if pref]r$4 ,late 9 ! fall dig ! holes & plant nuts1 ?ree or f\r 9 ea* hole1 two to f\r in*es deep1 accord+ to size1 & six in*es ap>t4 ,put a good h&ful ( gr\nd bone 9 ea* hill4 ,unless ! soil & subsoil are mell[1 s t ! long tap roots may p5etrate deeply1 x w\ld be be/ to dynamite ! holes1 us+ a half p\nd ( #bj p] c5t or #be p] c5t dynamite at a dep? ( two & a half feet4 ,?is is a simple matt] & ! dynamite companies w furni% mat]ials & in/ructions4 ,x is also "s fun4 ,!re is "s dang] t nuts plant$ 9 fall may be de/roy$ by rod5ts1 t "s w lie ov] & n spr\t ! fir/ ye>1 or t all ! nuts 9 a hill may make inf]ior plants1 s t "s au?orities advise putt+ !m 9 a galvaniz$ wire cage1 ! nuts only half buri$1 !n cov]$ ) a few leaves dur+ ! w9t] & o!rwise left expos$ to ! elem5ts4 ,9 ! spr+ !y mu/ be tak5 f ! cage & plant$ 9 ! hills be=e ! spr\ts are long en\gh to be easily brok54 ,! diff]5t k9ds ( nuts %\ld be plant$ 9 blocks r ?an m+l$1 to facilitate h&l+4 ,^! nuts are to furni% trees t are lat] to be graft$ or budd$4 ,aft] !y h gr[n a :ile ! weak] ones are to be remov$1 z necess>y1 until only ! /ronge/ rema9s 9 ea* hill4 ,:5 graft$ & gr[n to great size ! brave man w ?9 !m out to sixty feet ap>t4 ,int]plant+ ) fruits or vegetables may be practis$4 ,z to ! k9ds ( nuts to be plant$ t dep5ds on :at y want to gr[4 ,if *e/nuts x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! b>k disease is v likely to attack !m1 9 ! ,ea/ at any rate4 ,exp]im5ts ) *e/nuts outside ! range ( ! blight are v desirable4 ,! ,am]ican 7,ca/anea d5tata7 & ,european 7,c4 sativa7 *e/nuts are specially susceptible4 ,! ,asiatic *e/nuts 7,c4 ,japonica1 etc47 seem to h a p>tial immunity1 especially ! ,korean1 & x is possible t ! native *e/nut graft$ on ^! may be r5d]$ m or less immune4 ,x is be+ tri$ & is an int]e/+ exp]im5t4 ,! ,asiatic *e/nut trees are dw>fi% 9 habit1 come into be>+ e>ly1 ! nuts are g5]ally l>ge & "s ( !m ( pretty good quality4 ,!y may be plant$ z fill]s betwe5 ! trees ( l>g] gr[?4 ,! nuts may be b\ght ( import]s4 7,see circul> on ,se$sm5 & ,nurs]ym547 ,! small ,korean *e/nut has be5 especially recomm5d$4 ,if y wi% to gr[ ! %agb>k hickory 7,hicoria ovata7 plant ! be/ specim5s ( ?is nut y c get1 or ! bitt]nut 7,h4 m9ima7 :i* is said to be a sup]ior /ock = graft+4 ,high hopes are held t t o!r favorite hickory1 ! pecan 7,h4 pecan7 may be gr[n f> outside its native range1 & ! ,indiana pecan is ! nut on :i* ^! hopes are f\nd$4 ,se$ nuts may be obta9$ f reliable ,indiana deal]s1 b x is said t "s ( !m are n reliable4 ,! hickories may be budd$ & graft$ on "o ano!r s t "o k9d ( /ock may s]ve = bo? %agb>k & pecan4 ,if y want to gr[ ! ,p]sian walnut 7,juglans regia71 (t5 call$ ! ,engli% walnut1 ! black walnut 7,j4 nigra71 seems to af=d ! mo/ promis+ /ock1 ?\gh ,j4 rupe/ris1 native 9 ,texas & ,arizona1 has be5 recomm5d$ & ,j4 cordi=mis1 ! ,japanese he>t nut1 is also promis+4 ,?is nut c be recomm5d$ = plant+ = its own sake z ! tree is h>dy1 a rapid gr[]1 comes into be>+ e>ly & be>s a fairly good nut4 ,!re are no graft$ trees1 h[ev]1 s ! v>iable se$l+s w h to be dep5d$ ^u4 ,on any ( ^! walnut /ocks ! black walnut & ! butt]nut 7,j4 c9]ea7 may also be propagat$ if wor?y v>ieties c be f\nd4 ,!re are none n[ on ! m>ket4 ,! nuts m5tion$ are en\gh = ! beg9n] & ! ?ree /ocks1 *e/nut1 hickory & walnut1 w give him all he wants to "w on & furni% pl5ty ( fasc9at+ occupation4 ,! hazel1 ! almond & o!rs1 ?\gh (f]+ possibilities1 _h bett] be left to ^? fur!r advanc$ 9 ! art ( nut gr[+4 ,n[ ! nut or*>d is />t$ & ! own] mu/ pu% ! gr[? ( ! trees by ! ord9>y me?ods1 cultivation1 cov] crops & f]tiliz]s4 ,see any au?ority on gr[+ fruit trees4 ,9 f two to five ye>s ! trees w be ready = budd+ & graft+1 !y w h made a good gr[? above gr\nd1 & a bigg] "o bel[1 !y are p]man5tly plac$ & hav5't got to be set back a ye> or two1 or p]haps kill$1 by transplant+1 ) loss to ! tap roots & lat]als4 ,9 ! writ]'s op9ion t natural tap root ( ! nut tree gr[+ d[n1 d[n to wat] is n to be treat$ z ( no importance4 ,s let y\r se$l+s gr[ up & d[n happily :ile y get ready ! /uff ) :i* to build _! future "*1 = se$l+ trees are v sl[ 9 com+ into be>+1 & unc]ta9 9 type & quality ( nut4 ,graft$ trees be> e>ly & true to type4 ,take y\r *oice/ bit ( gr\nd & put x 9 ! be/ %ape y "k h[4 ,!n ord] ! f9e/ graft$ trees y c f9d on ! m>ket4 7,see circul> on ,se$sm5 & ,nurs]ym547 ,y\r *oice w be limit$ = !re are z yet only a few graft$ v>ieties ( ! ,p]sian walnut & ! ,indiana pecan1 & b "o ( ! %agb>k hickory to be _h4 ,( *e/nuts !re are m &1 9 ! ,s\? ( c\rse1 pl5ty ( pecans4 ,b pecan gr[+ 9 ! ,s\? is ano!r /ory4 ,if y ord] *e/nuts be sure t !y d n come f a nurs]y infect$ ) blight4 ,get "y trees because !y are m easily e/abli%$4 ,ord] f two to f\r ( ea* v>iety4 ,few] ?an two gives too small an all[ance = mortality & m ?an f\r1 besides ! n inconsid]able /ra9 on ! pocket1 w divide y\r att5tion too mu*2 = y h got to give ^! trees ! c>e ( a bottle baby4 ,set !m sixty feet ap>t if y h ! room4 ,if n set !m clos]4 ,bett] clos] if t means bett] c>e4 ,!y may be set 9 ! fall b probably spr+ is bett]1 z e>ly z y c get !m 94 ,foll[ ! in/ructions ( ! nurs]ym5 closely4 ,digg+ holes ) dynamite is probably good practice4 ,put "s bone meal 9 ! soil ar\nd ! roots b no /rong f]tiliz]4 ,"s soils ne$ lime4 ,tamp ! soil ab\t ! roots ) all y\r might4 ,x _c be made too firm4 ,!n wat] !m all summ]1 or until ,augu/ if !y h made a good gr[?4 ,give !m all !y c dr9k once a week4 ,s9k a l>ge b> ab\t a foot f ! tree & p\r ! wat] into ! hole1 z mu* z ! soil w take4 ,keep up cultivation & a du/ mul* or1 if y _c d ?is1 mul* ) some?+ else4 ,mul*+ doesn't mean a wisp ( hay b some?+ ?ick or imp]vi\s4 ,six in*es ( /rawy manure1 grass1 v9es or we$s2 an old c>pet1 burlap1 fe$ or f]tiliz] bags or ev5 newspap]s1 held d[n ) /ones or we$s or e>?1 all make good mul*es4 ,^! trees ought to gr[ &1 :e!r y ev] succe$ 9 graft+ y\r se$l+s or n1 y %\ld h at lea/ a small or*>d ( f9e nut trees4 ,! second summ] ) ! trees w be some?+ l ! baby's4 ,worms may bo!r !m4 ,look out = bud worms & leaf-eat+ cat]pill>s4 ,give !m all ! wat] !y c dr9k 9 ! dry dog days4 ,nurse !m1 fe$ !m & wat* !m & !y w gr[ up to bless y4 ,"s ( !m may be> z e>ly z apple trees4 ,^! trees1 & su* scions z1 f "t to "t1 y may obta9 else:]e1 are to furni% y\r propagat+ mat]ial4 ,! plan j describ$ may be modifi$ 9 v>i\s ways1 b ! g5]al pr9ciples are ! same4 ,in/ead ( plant+ ! nuts 9 _! p]man5t positions !y may be put 9 nurs]y r[s :]e !y may h ! advantage ( int5sive cultivation4 ,! be/ ( ! result+ trees may be graft$ or budd$ 9 ! r[s1 or aft] !y h be5 transplant$ & h become well e/abli%$4 ,?is me?od is an excell5t "o & has di/9ct advantages & _m advocates4 ,ye>l+ se$l+s may be b\ght & set ei!r 9 p]man5t positions or 9 nurs]y r[s4 ,( c\rse ! man :o is 9 a hurry1 :o c disreg>d exp5se & :o does n c>e = ! exp]i5ce & gratification ( graft+ 8 own trees1 may set 8 :ole plantation ) exp5sive graft$ trees & replant :]e !y fail4 ,! te*nique ( budd+ & graft+ y mu/ "w out y\rself ) ! help ( ! in/ructions obta9able f sev]al au?orities1 or1 by f> ! sur] way1 /udy ! art ) a ma/]4 ,! ess5tials are good /ocks & good scions1 ! "r mom5t--& practice4 ,excell5t publications giv+ in/ructions 9 me?ods ( propagation are3 ,! ,p]sian ,walnut ,indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ,e4 ,r4 ,lake2 ,bullet9 #bed1 ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 #aiac3 ,! ,pecan1 by ,c4 ,a4 ,re$2 ,bullet9 #bea ( ! same dep>tm5t1 #aiab3 ,walnut ,gr[+ 9 ,oregon1 publi%$ by ! ,pass5g] ,dep>tm5t ,s\!rn ,pacific ,company ,l9es 9 ,oregon1 ,portl&1 ,oregon1 revis$ edition1 #aiab2 & ,nut ,gr[+ 9 ,m>yl&1 by ,c4 ,p4 ,close2 ,bullet9 #abe ( ! ,m>yl& ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,college ,p>k1 ,m>yl&4 ,any ( ^! may be _h free on application4 ,! files & curr5t issues ( ! nut j\rnals are full ( in=mation4 ,jo9 ! nut gr[]s associations1 subscribe to ! nut j\rnals1 get all ! lit]ature 7see ,circul> ,no4 #c7 & y w soon be happily out ( ! fl$gel+ /age ( nut gr[+ & beg9 to d z y please4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,*airman3 ,comm5t ^u ?is pap] is n[ 9 ord]4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,y say y are go+ to issue t8 ,! ,secret>y3 ,on my own responsibility1 b subject to modification4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,if t is go+ out z a circul> ( ! association1 ,i w\ld l to sugge/ two slight *anges4 ,= in/ance1 y w\ldn't expect ! ord9>y nut tree to beg9 to be> z e>ly z ! ord9>y transplant$ apple tree4 ,! ,*airman3 ,"s w\ld4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,a summ] apple w\ld beg9 to be> mu* e>li] ?an ! ord9>y nut tree4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,well1 *e/nuts beg9 to be> v e>ly aft] graft+4 ,i ref] only to graft$ trees "h4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,i ?\ght t ! pap] _h to d ) trees t 7 plant$ z nuts4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,no1 ,i ?9k ,i made t p]fectly cle>4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,:at is t new /atem5t ab\t roots1 t x is desirable to leave !m8 ,! ,secret>y3 ,t x is bett] t a tree %\ld g undi/urb$ ?an t x %\ld be transplant$4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,isn't !re a "q ab\t t8 ,! ,secret>y3 ,a "q w\ld arise 9 ! h&s ( an exp]t1 p]haps1 b ,i ?9k = an amateur1 t a tree gr[+ :]e ! nut 0 plant$ is m likely to live & d well ?an a transplant$ tree4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,i am n s c]ta9 ab\t t1 b :at ,i _h 9 m9d 0 t ! plant] w\ld get ! idea t ! tap-root 0 n to be cut (f & t x is v desirable to ! tree4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,t's a good po9t4 ,! ,*airman3 ,ab\t cutt+ ! tap-root ,i h said yes & no s fa/ t ,i don't "k :i* ,i've said la/1 & x seems to me t we ought to h discussion on ?is v po9t4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,i h said t 9 buy+ ^! graft$ trees y %\ld set !m out foll[+ ! in/ructions ( ! nurs]yman closely4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,b t /atem5t ab\t ! tap-root w\ld lead ! av]age plant] to ?9k t x 0 v desirable to h ! tap-root4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,has x be5 settl$ t x is n desirable8 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,well1 ,i ?9k x has be5 g5]ally accept$ t x is ( no special value4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,t trees w gr[ z well transplant$ z if !y h nev] be5 transplant$8 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,well1 ,i %\ldn't want to put x t way1 b ?is is ! po9t3 ,i w\ld l to h ! tree plant] und]/& t a walnut tree doesn't ne$ ! tap-root & if he cuts (f ! tap-root 9 plant+1 !re is no great loss4 ,i w\ldn't want to say t 8 trees w\ldn't beg9 to be> e>li] or be> l>g] if left 9 ! orig9al place4 ,i pref] to transplant my own tree aft] x is gr[n1 r ?an run ! risk ( gett+ scrub trees 9 ! po/ hole or on ! hill4 ,i pref] to select ! graft$ trees ev5 )\t ! tap-roots1 :i* w\ld be remov$ 9 digg+1 & plant+ !m all uni=m1 r ?an to plant ! se$s4 ,speak+ = ! amateur1 ,i ?9k ! latt] is good practice4 ,! po9t ,i _h 9 m9d 0 t _m p w n take ! "t to plant nuts b w want to set graft$ trees1 & ! "q is1 %\ld !y h consid]able tap-root--! graft$ trees8 ,! ,secret>y3 ,foll[+ my plan1 a man w\ld buy a small numb] ( f9e trees & set !m out at once2 t w\ld probably be all he w\ld und]take & all he c\ld probably manage4 ,he w\ld also plant a small numb] ( nuts on :i* to exp]im5t 9 propagation4 ,my exp]i5ce up 9 ,connecticut has be5 t all my s\!rn transplant$ trees1 almo/ )\t exception1 h di$4 ,i h plant$ pecans & ,p]sian walnuts f a numb] ( diff]5t nurs]ies4 ,i h done x p]sonally & done x z c>efully z ,i c\ld1 b !y h ei!r made a v feeble gr[? inde$ or h all di$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! se$s ,i h plant$ h gr[n into v vigor\s trees4 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,i h _h a little exp]i5ce ) ! tap-root !ory4 ,y c't dig a walnut tree )\t cutt+ ! tap-root1 & t tap-root1 ,i f9d1 is practically ( no b5efit at all aft] y h y\r upp] lat]als1 & an abundance ( !m2 by cutt+ ! tap-root gr[? is /imulat$ & a new tap-root is made4 ,x is v l>gely 9 ! mode ( prun+ ! tap-root4 ,y c readily /imulate ! tap-root sy/em4 ,! ,*airman3 ,y try to keep an equilibrium by cutt+ d[n ! top 9 proportion8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,yes1 sir4 ,mr4 ,pom]oy3 ,9 exam9+ transplant$ trees ,i f\nd t5 times z _m roots :]e ! tap-root _h be5 cut2 & !re 7 two tap-roots4 ,i l a tree ) a good tap-root sy/em & ,i am positive t if y transplant a tree y get a bett] root sy/em1 get a great _m m roots4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! tree developm5t1 x seems to me1 dep5ds n ^u ! numb] ( roots :i* are c>ri$ ) x :5 x is transplant$1 b ^u ! fe$+ roots :i* develop4 ,n[1 if we cut back ! tap-root1 cut back ! lat]als1 cut back ! top1 we h a tree c>ry+ 9 its cambium lay]1 food1 j z a turnip or beet w\ld c>ry x--& ,i look ^u a transplant$ tree mu* z a c>rot or beet1 ) /or$ food ready to make a new root4 ,mr4 ,h>ris3 ,i plant$ la/ fall a ye> ago a lot ( ,engli% walnuts4 ,w\ld ! g5tleman advise tak+ ^? up1 cutt+ ! tap-roots & plant+ !m aga98 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,i don't ?9k t w\ld be advisable4 ,mr4 ,h>ris3 ,!y 7 gr[n f ! nuts s[n 9 a r[ la/ fall a ye> ago & grew v well4 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,9 propagat+ ! ,engli% walnut we h _h !m d ! be/ by transplant+ :5 ! tree is ab\t two ye>s old1 b x w m or less di/urb ! vigor ( a tree to transplant x4 ,t is self-evid5t2 x ne$s "s "t to heal ^? w\nds t are made bo? 9 ! root & ! bran*4 ,mr4 ,h>ris3 ,:at "t ( ye> d y bud !m8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,9 ,augu/4 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,i notice "s trees "h t are evid5tly two-ye> old pecans t h be5 cut back1 & y notice t 9 e case sev]al tap-roots h tak5 ! place ( ! "o4 ,"h are "s o!rs t h n be5 cut4 ,^! h gone /raight d[n4 ,!y are /rong roots ) few fib]s on !m4 ,on ^! o!r trees t h be5 cut ! =mation ( tap-roots cont9ues4 ,!y w g d[n till !y /rike a p]man5t wat]-table & !n ! tap-root w /op4 ,9 ,hyde ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ne> ! ocean1 ! wat]-table is close to ! surface & !re is a deep black alluvial soil ) a great deal ( wat] 9 x4 ,9 ord] to gr[ any?+ !re !y h to put 9 dit*es to get ! wat] out4 ,! pecan trees gr[+ !re h absolutely no tap-roots at all1 x rots (f z soon z x /rikes ! p]man5t wat]-table2 & ,i ?9k t's ! reason !y produce su* enorm\s quantities ( pecans 9 t c\nty4 ,9 bottomless1 s&y l& :]e !re is no clay ! root keeps on go+ d[n till x f9ds ! p]man5t wat]-table1 ev5 if t is six or eight or t5 feet d[n4 ,^! roots1 z y see1 7 go+ "r d[n to ,*9a to look at t k+ on ! o!r side if !y got a *ance4 ,x's ! same ) ! long leaf p9e4 ,x has a tap-root bel[ gr\nd ?ick] ?an ! trunk above gr\nd4 ,! reason is t x gr[s naturally on ^? bottomless places2 ! root goes d[n till x /rikes wat]1 !n runs (f lat]ally4 ,if y cut ! roots !y are b\nd to make new tap-roots4 ,y c see ! place :]e !y h be5 cut & 9 place ( "o tap-root y h two1 go+ "r d[n into t s&y soil till !y f9d a wat]-table4 ,i believe t a nurs]yman :o w cut (f ! root ( ! pecan tree :5 x is transplant$1 w cause x to =m m lat]al roots & make a bett] tree4 ,!re's a great numb] ( vigor\s roots 9 ?is tree ?an 9 ?is1 & ?is tree ^: root has be5 cut (f w make a tree mu* easi] to transplant & w be a bett] tree ?an ^? ) great ?ick roots )\t ! fib]s t h ! root hairs ^u !m4 ,a memb]3 ,y w\ldn't recomm5d cutt+ back t tap-root too sev]ely1 w\ld y8 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,9 plant+ a tree ( ?is k9d1 ,i'd cut (f a foot or #ah in*es4 ,if y get ab\t #bd in*es 9 a specially good soil1 or ab\t #cj in*es ( root ord9>ily t's all y want4 ,a memb]3 ,i %\ld ?9k t w\ld dep5d q a little on ! height ( ! wat]-table4 ,if y 7 plant+ on l& :]e ! wat]-table is l[1 y w\ld leave m tap-root8 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,yes4 ,a memb]3 ,t 0 ! reason ,i br\ght up ! po9t1 because ,i ?9k cutt+ s %ort w\ld be too sev]e4 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,! cambium is ! only "p ( ! tree t ma9ta9s gr[?4 ,e w\nd kills ! cambium to a c]ta9 ext5t1 s ,i always cut (f roots ( any size ) %>p %e>s z smoo?ly z possible4 ,i cut f> en\gh back to f9d good1 fre%1 liv+ tissue4 ,9 moi/ soil t w call\s ov]4 ,9 ! ,s\? ! soil is moi/ & we h gr[+ conditions 9 ! w9t] "t1 s x w call\s ov] dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 ,i und]/&1 y make a practice ( plant+ 9 ! spr+1 because ( ! wea!r conditions4 ,mr4 ,h>ris3 ,9 ,we/]n ,m>yl& we h 9 ! m\nta9s a deep1 s&y soil2 !re doesn't appe> to be any wat] bottom to x2 :at w\ld ! tap-root d 9 t case8 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,x w g d[n until x f9ds :at x wants1 f9ds suffici5t moi/ure4 ,mr4 ,h>ris3 ,gravelly bottom8 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,if y h ev] se5 ! roots ( a long leaf p9e1 y've se5 :]e ! roots g to :5 !y get a *ance4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,i %\ld l to ask ,dr4 ,dem+ if he w\ld give u 8 exp]i5ce 9 propagat+ ! walnut & hickory8 ,dr4 ,dem+3 ,a v important ?+ inde$ = u nut gr[]s 9 ! ,nor? is to le>n h[ to propagate4 ,dr4 ,morris has _h "s success2 ,i hav5't _h any4 ,i h tri$ x summ] & spr+1 ye> aft] ye>4 ,i believe !re are a few pieces ( b>k1 )\t buds1 /ill gr[+4 ,*e/nuts ,i hav5't f\nd v difficult1 b ) ! walnut & hickory ,i h _h no success :atev]1 al?\gh ,i h practic$ ! be/ te*nique ,i c\ld ma/]4 ,i ?9k "o reason :y ,i h _h no success is t ,i hav5't _h good mat]ial4 ,i h _h good /ocks1 b ,i hav5't _h good scions1 n ! sort ( scion t ! successful s\!rn nurs]ym5 use4 ,/ill1 ,dr4 ,morris has _h success ) ! same k9d ( mat]ial t ,i h fail$ )4 ,! ,*airman3 ,n v mu* success4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,dr4 ,dem+ said t ! l& ought n to be too dry nor too wet4 ,w\ld y feel l say+ t a wat]-table at #bd in*es 0 nei!r too l[ nor too high8 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,x dep5ds a great deal on ! nature ( ! soil1 ! wat]-pull+ capacity ( ! soil4 ,take a soil l t ,i m5tion$1 9 ,hyde ,c\nty1 ne> ! ocean2 y c see x quake all ar\nd y4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,b w\ld y say t ! nor!rn nut gr[] might safely put 8 or*>d on soil t _h a wat]-table )9 two or ?ree feet ( ! surface8 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,i c\ld tell if ,i saw t soil4 ,if x is craw-fi%y1 or soil t is ill-dra9$ or won't c>ry ord9>y crops1 ,i'd say keep (f ( x1 b if x w be> ord9>y crops x's all "r2 9 "s cases :]e ! soil is v ri* ! plant does n ne$ to g d[n into t soil any?+ l ! dep? x w\ld 9 a poor soil4 ,! poor] ! soil ! fur!r ! roots h to g to f9d n\ri%m5t4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,i ?9k t is an extremely exceptional case 9 relation to nor!rn nuts4 ,!re is v little su* ,nor? ,c>ol9a l& 9 ?is section ( ! c\ntry1 if ,i judge "r4 ,we don't plant nut-gr[+ or*>ds up "h 9 peaty soils1 s ,dr4 ,dem+'s recomm5dation 0 r = v good agricultural soil4 ,a wat]-table "h mu/ be eight or t5 feet deep2 9 t ev5t1 x w\ld n make any diff]5ce :e!r y left ?ree feet ( tap-root or #ae in*es4 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,no4 ,! ,*airman3 ,9 ! soils ( "s p>ts ( ,new ,engl&1 a tree w\ld h to h a root ?ree or f\r hundr$ feet deep to get to fl[+ wat]1 b nev]!less trees fl\ri% !re4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,b ! capill>ity ( ! soil provides wat] = ! tree above ! wat]-table4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,x all dep5ds on ! k9d ( nut4 ,at ,/4 ,g5eva ,i came across a butt]nut t 0 gr[+ 9 a soil t w\ld kill a *e/nut v quickly4 ,! soil 0 v spr+y & wet & ! butt]nut j loves t soil4 ,i f\nd t :ile o!r butt]nut trees bore nuts 9 clu/]s ( "o to ?ree1 ?is butt]nut tree 0 be>+ !m 9 clu/]s ( t5 & elev54 ,at ,lake ,george1 "r 9 front ( ! ,po/-,(fice1 !re 0 "o tree tw5ty-f\r ye>s old1 two feet ?r\gh1 t grew butt]nuts 9 clu/]s ( t5 & y c\ld get a b>rel ( nuts f x4 ,x bore aga9 ?is la/ summ] heavily1 n 9 clu/]s ( t5 b 9 clu/]s ( sev5 or eight4 ,:5 we h damp soil we c't gr[ ! *e/nut b ! hickory nut w gr[ 9 a swamp1 & s w ! butt]nut4 ,! ,*airman3 ,& ! bee*4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,! bee* wants clay2 x won't gr[ unless !re is clay4 ,! ,*airman3 ,our bee* w gr[ :]e x has to swim4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,be=e we get away f ?is discussion ,i ?9k t we ought to comm5d ,dr4 ,dem+ 9 ! selection ( ?is subject & 9 ! h&l+ ( 8 pap]4 ,9 my position 9 ! ,gov]nm5t1 we h a good _m inquiries ab\t nut matt]s1 & !y are usually f p :o want to "k h[ to />t4 ,! great call = in=mation at ! pres5t "t is f ! beg9n]s1 n f ! advanc$ p1 & ,i am glad t ,dr4 ,dem+ took t subject & h&l$ x z he did1 & ,i am glad t he proposes to issue x z a circul> f ?is ,association4 ,x w be a great relief to o!rs :o are call$ on = in=mation4 ,i %\ld l to h a ^w1 too1 ab\t ?is tap-root "q4 ,f :at has be5 said x is pretty cle> t !re is q a diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,we sometimes ?9k we c improve on nature 9 h] ways by h>% me?ods &1 :ile ,i "k x is cu/om>y 9 ! nurs]ies ( ! ,s\? to cut ! tap-roots back pretty sev]ely1 ,i wond]1 sometimes1 :e!r t is always ! be/ ?+4 ,i hav5't _h any p]sonal exp]i5ce1 b ,i h obs]v$ q a good deal1 & ! t5d5cy1 x seems to me1 is to try to develop z mu* z possible ! fibr\s root4 ,sometimes t is br\ght ab\t by cutt+ ! tap-root1 or putt+ a wire me% bel[ :]e ! se$ is plant$1 s z to =m an ob/ruction to ! tap-root1 s t x necess>ily =ms a fibr\s root4 ,:]e ! tap-root is ! only root ,i d\bt v mu* ! advisability ( cutt+ back too sev]ely4 ,col4 ,van ,duzee3 ,i h he>d ?is subject discuss$ all ov] ?is c\ntry1 9 meet+s ( ?is k9d1 & a great deal ( en]gy has be5 wa/$4 ,i d n ?9k any ( u "k any?+ ab\t x1 b ,i d wi% to say ?is1 t :5 y come to transplant a tree f ! nurs]y to ! or*>d1 !re are ?+s ( inf9itely m mom5t ?an h[ y %all hold y\r knife betwe5 y\r f+]s :5 y cut ! roots4 ,! exposure ( ! roots to ! air1 ! dep? to :i* ! tree is to be put 9 ! gr\nd1 ! mann] 9 :i* x %all be h&l$--^? ?+s are ( inf9itely m importance1 because we "k we c transplant trees successfully & get good results :5 ! tap-root has be5 injur$ or almo/ entirely remov$4 ,i d n consid] t ! "q ( cutt+ ! tap-root is ( v s]i\s importance1 b ,i d ?9k we %\ld ins]t a ^w ( caution z to ! exposure ( ! roots ( trees to ! atmosph]e1 & make x j z /rong z we are capable ( writ+ x4 ,! ,*airman3 ,t is a v int]e/+ po9t1 t we h fix$ our eye on ! tap-root & talk$ too mu* ab\t x4 ,n long ago "o ( ! agricultural j\rnals decid$ f9ally to settle ! "q ab\t ! "t = prun+ grapes1 :e!r x %\ld be done 9 ! fall1 spr+1 w9t] or summ]1 & aft] summ+ up all ! te/imony f en?usia/ic advocates = ea* "o ( ! seasons1 ! editor decid$ t ! be/ "t is :5 y\r knife is %>p2 & t is v mu* ! way ) ! tap-root4 ,be v p>ticul> 9 gett+ ! root 9 & c>+ = x4 ,mr4 ,pom]oy3 ,pr(4 ,close1 9 a bullet9 issu$ two ye>s ago1 spoke z does ,col4 ,van,duzee ab\t protect+ ! roots ( ! trees2 he said :5 ! trees are tak5 f ! box t y receive !m 91 don't expose !m to ! sun or air1 puddle e tree1 & plant z soon z possible4 ,i ?9k t is pretty good advice4 ,x doesn't co/ any money1 & takes v few m9utes1 to puddle ! trees & x saves _m ( !m4 ,! ,*airman3 ,i h tri$ ! ,/r+fell[ ,me?od ( cutt+ back top & root until my m5 ask$ me if ,i didn't want to transplant ano!r tree in/ead1 & !y h gr[n j z well z trees on :i* ,i took great pa9s to pres]ve f9e bran*+ roots4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,! la/ ?+ 9 my ?\ght 0 to />t a discussion ( ?is p]5nial subject ( ! tap-root1 b ,i %\ld l criticism ( ?is little circul>1 no matt] h[ sev]e1 because ,i am n f9ally committ$ to x & want to make x z useful z possible4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,e man likes to ride 8 own hobby horse4 ,w\ld x n be wise to sugge/ t "s ( ^! se$l+s be put 9 odd corn]s8 ,c]ta9ly ! hickory & walnut are adept 9 mak+ !mselves a home 9 ! r\ghe/ k9d ( l&4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,i h tri$ t1 b ,i don't ?9k1 z a rule1 ! trees d well :5 /uck ar\nd 9 f5ce corn]s & odd places4 ,to be sure ! trees ,i put beh9d ! b>n or pig p5 h gr[n beautifully1 s t at "o "t ,i ?\ght ( build+ b>ns & pig p5s all ov] ! f>m to put trees beh9d1 b :]e !y 7 set 9 f5ce corn]s & out ( ! way places !y h n done v well4 ,i ?9k ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs is ab\t to ! same effect4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,my exp]i5ce has be5 diff]5t f y\rs4 ,i h "s *e/nut & walnut trees1 on an unpl\ghable hillside 9 ! corn] ( my fa!r's f>m 9 ,virg9ia :i* ,i /uck !re t5 or a doz5 ye>s ago & h done v little to !m4 ,( c\rse !y are native4 ,!y h ?riv54 ,nature does x exactly t way4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,x seems to me !re is no "q t !y w d bett] "u cultivation4 ,( c\rse !y may d fairly well 9 odd places if !y c dom9ate ! o!r gr[?4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,a man c\ld take a pocketful ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( nuts & g ar\nd 8 f5ce corn]s & plant a few4 ,9 an h\r he c plant fifty1 & if he gets "o to gr[ x is good return = t h\r's "w4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,i h advis$ p to take a h&ful ( nuts & a cane :5 !y g out walk+ & occasionally /ick "o 94 ,! ,*airman3 ,9 our locality1 p w\ld ask1 ,:y is t /r+ ( squirrels foll[+ t man8 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,i h be5 plant+ nuts 9 t way = ye>s4 ,! ,*airman3 ,if a man plant$ trees :i* belong$ 9 8 neighborhood1 nuts t 7 already 9 ! dom9ant rul+ gr\p1 !n 8 *ances = success w\ld be v good1 b if he introduc$ 9 f5ce corn]s trees t _h to adju/ !mselves to a new environm5t1 he w\ld f9d v few gr[+ & ! squirrels1 o!r trees & v>i\s ob/acles to developm5t 9 ! mid/ ( e/abli%$ species1 w\ld wipe out mo/ ( !m4 ,nev]!less1 z x isn't mu* tr\ble1 ,i w\ld advise anybody to take a pocketful ( hickory nuts out ) him :5 he goes = a walk & plant "o e little way4 ,a ,memb]3 ,! idea is good2 let u foll[ x up4 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,i don't ?9k x is feasible at all to plant trees ar\nd f5ce corn]s4 ,! ,*airman3 ,9 our locality x w\ld n d at all4 ,a ,memb]3 ,x won't d 9 any locality4 ,! sods & grass ar\nd ! tree w dw>f x & cause a v sl[ gr[?4 ,our "t is valuable & we c't wait on t k9d ( a tree to br+ results4 ,cultivation is ! ma9 ne$4 ,sometimes trees w d well :]e ! soil is ri* & competition abs5t4 ,9 ,burl+ton1 ,n4 ,j4 we f\nd a walnut tree be>+ enorm\s crops 9 a back y>d4 ,i h se5 ! same ?+ 9 ?is c\nty1 & also 9 ,c>lisle1 & ! ,nebo tree1 fam\s = its wond]ful productiv5ess1 has a simil> environm5t4 ,b x is high cultivation t usually is necess>y = ! be/ results 9 all trees1 & walnut trees p>ticul>ly4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,"h is a note relat+ to ?is subject3 ,! wom5 ( ,sapulpa1 ,okla41 :o rec5tly organiz$ = city & c\nty improvem5t & advancem5t1 h det]m9$ to plant pecan1 walnut & hickory trees on bo? sides ( a road n[ be+ con/ruct$ ?r\gh ,creek ,c\nty1 bas+ _! action on ! !ory t two pecan trees plac$ 9 ! back y>d ( a home/ead w pay ! taxes on ! prop]ty4 ,!y believe t :5 ! trees beg9 to be> !y w provide a fund l>ge en\gh = ! ma9t5ance ( ! road4 ,! ,*airman3 ,t's all "r if y c look aft] !m4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,x is v int]e/+ to li/5 to ^! discussions ( roadside trees & ,i h until rec5tly be5 a /rong advocate ( !m1 b ,i h *ang$ my op9ion4 ,i don't ?9k !re is any?+ 9 ! plant+ ( trees 9 f5ce corn]s or along ! roadside1 = sev]al reasons4 ,! fir/ reason is t nobody kn[s h[ long x is go+ to take t tree to am\nt to any?+4 ,i w\ldn't give two c5ts a piece = trees /uck out :]e y _c cultivate !m & get to !m to f]tilize !m4 ,ano!r ?+1 we are "r up aga9/ ! problem ( ! insect pe/s ( ^! trees & :o is go+ to take c>e ( !m along ! roadside8 ,! insect pe/s w get on !m & come into ! fields ( ! man :o is cultivat+ & rais+ trees legitimately4 ,d[n 9 s\!rn ,indiana1 n[1 we f9d along ! roadside hundr$s ( walnut trees t are e ye> eat5 up ) cat]pill>s4 ,!y love ^? trees & come ov] on to my trees4 ,i keep my trees clean$ (f pretty well4 ,!re's t problem4 ,up to a %ort "t ago ,i 0 an advocate ( roadside trees4 ,x w\ld be all "r if !re 0 "s means ( cultivat+ !m4 ,if !re is l& some:]e t is ( no use1 s t x doesn't make a bit ( diff]5ce :e!r ! trees on x h insect pe/s or n1 y c g out !re & scatt] nuts & let x alone & wait ! l5g? ( "t y've got to wait4 ,i don't ?9k x's ( mu* value1 h[ev]1 ev5 !n4 ,i don't ?9k !re is a ?+ 9 x4 ,i us$ to pride myself on ! fact t ,i _h set out m trees ?an anybody else 9 ! ,/ate ( ,indiana4 ,i hav5't bragg$ ab\t t = a long "t1 ?\gh ,i h set out1 p]haps1 9 ! la/ eight or t5 ye>s1 or _h set out "u my direction1 ab\t #gej1jjj trees2 ,i am n p>ticul>ly pr\d ( t any m1 b ,i am pr\d to meet ! fell[ :o has set out tw5ty or ?irty acres ( trees on good l&1 ! be/ he's got1 & cultivat$ !m & kept ! insects (f ( !m & burn$ !m up in/ead ( lett+ !m prey on ! neighborhood4 ,i ?9k !re %\ld be a law pass$ t ^! trees along ! roadside mu/ be cut d[n or t somebody w h to take c>e ( !m4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! orig9al idea ( roadside trees 0 con/ructive 9 its nature b fail$ to include ! idea t1 ) ! increase ( or*>d trees1 or trees ( any "o species1 we increase ! insect pe/s because we di/urb ! balance ( nature2 & by di/urb+ ! balance ( nature we give advantage to insects :i* !n rema9 on neglect$ trees to prove a m5ace to our own or*>ds4 ,x we h v>i\s t[ns sett+ out roadside trees & detail+ ! *ildr5 to look aft] !m1 ask+ ! *ildr5 to report on !m1 ,i believe ! ?+ c be made a success & t ! taxes ( _m a small t[n c be paid f ! nut trees along ! roadside1 provid$ y h "o boy or "o girl = ea* tree1 _! s]vices to be giv5 free & ! pr(it f ! tree to be giv5 to ! t[n4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,h[ ab\t ! cattle8 ,let !m keep graz+ ar\nd8 ,! ,*airman3 ,oh1 my1 yes4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,i ?9k we sometimes let our feel+s make u say ?+s t our bra9s w\ld sc>cely approve4 ,i believe ,mr4 ,littlepage's *>ge aga9/ ! tree on ! roadside is n necess>ily sub/antiat$4 ,i don't "k j h[ he is go+ to take c>e ( 8 trees1 b if x requires a vehicle c>ry+ spray1 ,i submit t a roadside tree is ab\t z well fix$ z "o 9 8 field4 ,if x requires a man ) a /ick or a hoe or a ladd]1 ! tree on ! roadside is 9 ab\t z eligible a location z "o 9 ! field4 ,if c>e implies ! idea ( turn+ ov] ! soil1 ! roadside is h&icapp$1 b nature has got along )\t hav+ ! soil upturn$4 ,my po9t is ?is2 !re is on ne>ly e f>m 9 ! ,ea/ a little pat* ( l& some:]e1 a little r[ betwe5 a road & /ream :]e a few trees c gr[1 & if f]tilization is requir$1 a few b>rels ( manure c g !re z well z any:]e else4 ,! fact t a tree is put 9 a place t is n pl\gh$ doesn't mean t x is beyond all c>e4 ,my po9t is t ) c>e we c get trees 9 f5ce r[s )\t tillage & t1 9 addition to ,dr4 ,dem+'s =mal & c>efully cultivat$ plot1 !re is ab\t e f>m a place :]e a man c /ick a few trees & give !m su* c>e z c be giv5 )\t tillage4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,i agree he>tily ) ,pr(4 ,smi?'s !ory1 b hav+ _h "s exp]i5ce1 ,i f9d ^? ?+s t he describes are n done2 !re is j t diff]5ce1 always1 betwe5 !ory & fact4 ,i read a beautiful book once1 writt5 by a woman1 entitl$1 ,!re is ,no ,dea?1 & ,i f\nd on inquiry t %e _h already buri$ f\r husb&s4 7,laught]47 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ 9 read+1 once ^u a "t1 ,r\sseau's beautiful /ory ( dome/ic life & ,i f\nd t :ile he 0 writ+ x1 8 *ildr5 7 9 an orphan asylum4 ,a fell[ tea*+ 9 ! high s*ool 9 ,t]re ,haute1 ,indiana1 m>ri$ "o ( ! beautiful attractive "y ladies ( t t[n4 ,%ortly aft] !y 7 m>ri$ he 0 busy writ+ & turn$ & told h] t he didn't love h] any m & he wi%$ %e'd g home4 ,%e 0 he>tbrok5 & left & x turn$ out lat] t he 0 writ+ a book on h[ to get to ,heav54 7,laught]47 ,!re's j ! diff]5ce betwe5 !ory & fact4 ,?is is a beautiful !ory4 ,i us$ to be ! /ronge/ advocate ( x1 b all y've got to d is to g on a f>m & try x4 ,! trees won't get big en\gh to am\nt to any?+ 9 our lifetime1 because ^! ?+s y say y w d to !m y don't d2 at lea/1 t has be5 my exp]i5ce1 & ,i w\ld l to ask anyone to po9t to any section 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates today1 f ! ,atlantic ,ocean to ! ,pacific1 :]e ?is !ory is c>ri$ out successfully2 & yet ,i "k x has be5 advocat$ = fifty ye>s4 ,! ,*airman3 ,h[ ab\t s*ool *ildr5 report+ on trees "u _! c>e8 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,:5ev] y give ! prop] c>e to !m y solve ! problem--:5ev] anyone w conv9ce me t t w be done4 ,!re is no reason1 ( c\rse1 :y ! tree won't gr[ 9 ^! places1 b my exp]i5ce is t !y don't ?rive4 ,! ,*airman3 ,i've put out ?\s&s ( !m = public-spirit$ citiz5s1 b x w\ld be difficult to f9d "o ( !m today4 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,9 ,france & 9 ,g]many ! l& is v valuable & !y take a great deal ( pride 9 _! nut trees4 ,! nuts we h "h 9 ! ,lanca/] m>ket1 ,p]sian walnuts1 are l>gely br\ght f ,france1 ,spa91 ,italy & ,g]many4 ,! l& be+ s valuable !re1 !y devote mu* ( _! wa/e l& to nuts1 l ,mr4 ,smi?'s idea ( plant+ along ! wayside1 & !y plant & cultivate !m 9 _! y>ds & 9 all corn]s4 ,!y w\ld n1 "u any consid]ation1 plant a maple tree j = ! %ade2 ! tree mu/ s]ve = bo? fruit & %ade1 & ^? are "s ( ! s\rces ( =eign weal?4 ,mr4 ,h>ris3 ,i don't ?9k ! "q is s mu* "o ( plant+ 9 f5ce corn]s z t we h a great deal ( wa/e l& on :i* ! soil is v well adapt$ to gr[+ nut trees4 ,i "k t sometimes 9 gr[+ pea* trees x is almo/ impossible to cultivate !m4 ,i "k places 9 we/]n ,m>yl& :]e ! rocks are ly+ s t y c h>dly pl\gh1 & yet ! soil is f]tile & p>ticul>ly adapt$ 9 "s places = pea* trees1 & w\ld be = *e/nut trees4 ,!y h !re a sy/em ( cultivation mu* z if y us$ ! pl\gh1 & yet !y are on /eep hillsides4 ,!re is no reason1 ,i ?9k1 :y nut trees %\ldn't gr[ !re z well z on ! level field :]e y c cultivate e in* ( soil4 ,! ,*airman3 ,!y are look$ aft]1 t's ! :ole ?+4 ,mr4 ,g[+3 ,i come f ,new ,hamp%ire & we h :at us$ to be an old f>m1 b x is n[ a pa/ure & ! soil is q a pota% soil1 ,i ?9k1 among/ ! rocks1 & !re's "s apple trees plant$ !re by ! orig9al man t work$ ?is place4 ,x 0 too r\gh to pl\gh1 b !y h borne u z good apples "s ye>s z we h _h on ! place2 & on ?is same piece ( tw5ty acres or s1 !re's "s *e/nut trees m ?an two feet ?r\gh t 7 cut (f :5 ! l& 0 cle>$1 & !y mu/ h done well1 = !y grew to be su* enorm\s trees4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! trees are plant$ on ?is same old /ump l&8 ,mr4 ,g[+3 ,yes1 sir4 ,! ,*airman3 ,a great deal ( /ump l& c be plant$ 9 ?is way4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,t w\ldn't be plant+ !m along roadsides & 9 f5ce corn]s4 ,! ,*airman3 ,no1 !y w\ld be look$ aft]2 ! :ole ?+ is look+ aft] !m4 ,a ,memb]3 ,my idea is t !re w\ld be v few nut trees plant$ if e "o 0 to />t 8 own trees4 ,!y put (f plant+ ! trees ev5 :5 !y c get !m at ! nurs]ies1 & if !y _h to />t _! own nurs]ies !re w\ldn't be "o plant$ to :]e !re's #aj1jjj n[2 & ,i ?9k t 9 ! end ! nurs]ym5 are go+ to att5d to ! plant+ ( trees & ! o!r p are go+ to att5d to gr[+ !m4 ,maybe ,i'm mi/ak5 b did ?is ,gov]nm5t ev] produce any trees8 ,pr(4 ,smi? spoke ( appropriat+ money & lett+ ! ,gov]nm5t get u "s new v>iety4 ,hasn't x always be5 private individuals :o get ! new v>ieties8 ,i h be5 try+ to ?9k ( "s fruit tree1 apple or some?+1 t a /ate or ! ,gov]nm5t has propagat$4 ,! ,*airman3 ,9 ?is c\ntry ,i believe ! ,gov]nm5t has nev] done x1 b 9 "s p>ts ( ,europe1 especially ,switz]l&1 ! taxes ( "s t[ns are paid by ! trees along ! roadside2 b !re e man has to report on 8 own trees & ! proce$s g to support ! t[n1 & ! taxes ( c]ta9 small t[ns are actually paid today by roadside trees2 b ?is is 9 a c\ntry :]e l& is valuable1 & e tree is "u ! direct sup]vision ( a citiz5 :o mu/ report on x1 & ! product ( t tree goes to ! ,gov]nm5t1 he giv+ 8 labor in/ead ( pay+ taxes4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,i 0 m]ely plead+ = ! cont9uation & spread ( t "w1 bo? geographically & 9 increas+ ! v>ieties ( trees4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,i am he>tily 9 favor ( t1 b ,i ?9k x ought to be ref]r$ to a committee4 ,i want ,pr(4 ,smi? to write x out 9 ! =m ( a lett]4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,i am glad y call$ my att5tion to t4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,! ,gov]nm5t & ! /ates are n[ engag$ 9 su* "w & ?is ought to give x impetus4 ,i ?9k t ! "t & labor ( ! ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 s9ce its organization1 w h be5 well sp5t if we succe$ 9 br++ to fructification ?is "o resolution4 ,i want also to sugge/ t ,pr(4 ,smi? include among ! nuts1 ! bee*nut1 because !re's m meat 9 bee*nuts = ! am\nt ( %ell ?an any o!r nut we gr[4 ,! ,*airman3 ,if !re is no fur!r discussion1 we w h n[ to sp5d a %ort "t 9 ,executive ,committee "w4 ,i ?9k we w ask to h a ,nom9at+ ,committee appo9t$ fir/4 ,mr4 ,ru%1 w y k9dly read ! li/ ( ! names ( ! m5 y propos$ to act z a ,nom9at+ ,committee8 ,mr4 ,ru% !n mov$ t ! ,nom9at+ ,committee consi/ ( ,messrs4 ,lake1 ,hutt1 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,smi? & ,dem+1 & ! motion 0 adopt$1 aft] :i* ! ,nom9at+ ,committee report$ z foll[s3 ,= ,presid5t1 ,mr4 ,littlepage2 = ,vice-,presid5t1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$2 = ,secret>y & ,treasur]1 ,dr4 ,dem+4 ,on ,executive ,committee3 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris1 9 place ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$4 ,on ,hybrids1 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,r4 ,smi?1 9 place ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,hicks4 ,on ,memb]%ip ,committee1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,h4 ,corsan1 9 place ( ,pr(4 ,e4 ,r4 ,lake4 ,on ,committee on ,nom5clature1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+ 9 place ( ,pr(4 ,john ,craig2 ! o!r committees to /& z h]et(ore4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,i move t ! secret>y be in/ruct$ to ca/ ! ballot ( ! association = ^! nom9ations4 ,! motion 0 second$ & adopt$ & ! ballot ca/ 9 accordance !re)4 ,! ,*airman3 ,n[ ,i w appo9t z a ,committee on ,resolutions relat+ to ,pr(4 ,craig1 ,dr4 ,dem+ & ! ,*airman2 ,committee on ,exhibits1 ,col4 ,van,duzee1 ,mr4 ,rop] & ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 & !y w be "h ?is ev5+ to report on exhibits4 ,committee on ,resolutions1 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi? & ,mr4 ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage4 ,!re is no ,committee on ,incorporation4 ,w someone propose t we h su* a committee8 ,! ,secret>y3 ,isn't x a desirable ?+ t ! society %\ld be incorporat$8 ,x 0 m5tion$ to me by a weal?y man t if anyone wi%$ to leave1 or give1 "s money to ?is association1 !y w\ld be mu* m likely to d x if ! society 7 incorporat$4 ,! ,*airman3 ,i ?9k x w\ld be bett] = someone to make a motion4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,i move t a ,committee on ,incorporation be appo9t$ by ! *airman2 a committee ( ?ree4 7,motion second$ & adopt$47 ,! ,*airman3 ,! ,committee on ,incorporation w consi/ ( ,mr4 ,littlepage & ,pr(4 ,close4 ,?is ev5+ we w meet in=mally "h at ab\t eight & tomorr[ at t5 we h ! meet+ at ! ,sc5ic to he> ! pap]s ( ,mr4 ,ru% & ,pr(4 ,lake & ,pr(4 ,re$1 & see ! lant]n slides4 ,we w fir/ meet "h at n9e o'clock = an executive meet+ & to look ov] ! exhibits4 ,! ,committees w report at t "t4 7,aft] discussion1 on motion ( ,pr(4 ,smi?1 second$ by ,mr4 ,littlepage1 ! selection ( ! place ( ! next meet+ 0 left to ! ,executive ,committee47 ,! report ( ! ,secret>y & ,treasur] 0 !n read4 7,,see ,,app5dix7 ,! ,*airman3 ,y h he>d ! ,secret>y's report4 ,we _h bett] take up1 fir/1 ! "q ( deficit4 ,:at are we go+ to d ab\t ! #ff4jj8 ,:at prospects h we = ! balanc+ ( t acc\nt8 ,! ,secret>y3 ,t acc\nt w be easily balanc$1 & m ?an balanc$1 by ! dues com+ 9 & !n ,i w proce$ to run up a deficit = next ye>4 ,! ,*airman3 ,y h he>d ! ,secret>y's report4 ,if !re is no discussion1 a motion to adj\rn w be 9 ord]4 7,adj\rn$ till ,decemb] #ai?47 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,conv5tion met1 pursuant to adj\rnm5t1 ,decemb] #ai?1 #aiab1 at #i3cj ,a4 ,m41 ,presid5t ,morris 9 ! ,*air1 & w5t into ,executive ,session4 ,x 0 mov$ & c>ri$ t ! ,presid5t be emp[]$ to appo9t a committee to att5d ! conf]5ce at ,albany1 call$ = ! consid]ation ( ! hickory b>k bor]1 by ! ,commission] ( ,agriculture ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,! "q ( ! publication ( reports ( ! ,conv5tion proce$+s 9 ! ,am]ican ,fruit & ,nut ,j\rnal1 0 next tak5 up & x 0 mov$ by ,mr4 ,lake & c>ri$ t ! pap]s & discussions ( ?is ,society %all be us$ = its own publications exclusively1 except z ! ,executive ,committee deems x to ! be/ int]e/s ( ! indu/ry to furni% !m = sep>ate publication4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,on ,novemb] #h?1 ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,calv9 ,j4 ,huson1 ! ,commission] ( ,agriculture ( ,new ,york1 to ?is effect4 ,de> ,sir3 ,at ! com+ l& %[ 9 ,new ,york ?is dep>tm5t proposes to h1 z a "p ( its exhibit1 a collection ( native & introduc$ ,new ,york gr[n nuts4 ,c y give u ! names ( gr[]s ( ! bett] /ra9s ( nuts :o might be able to furni% mat]ial = su* an exhibit4 ,p]haps y\r association w\ld be able to assi/ 9 ! matt]4 ,! ,dep>tm5t w be able to /& a reasonable exp5se = co/ ( nuts1 expressage1 etc4 ,p]haps a few se$l+ trees w\ld add int]e/4444 ,by ! exhibit z a :ole we wi% to %[ ! v>iety & quality ( nuts t may be gr[n 9 ?is /ate4444 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,calv9 ,j4 ,,huson1 ,commission]4 ,he wi%$ me to assi/ 9 gett+ up an exhibit1 b z he only gave u a week ,i 0 unable to d any?+4 ,i d n "k t !re is any action to be tak5 on t1 b ,i read ! lett] simply to %[ t ! int]e/ 9 nut gr[+ is increas+ & t ?is is an opportunity = u to make an exhibit ano!r ye>4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,w\ld ! secret>y take ! tr\ble to make a collection ( nuts cov]+ ! t]ritory ( ! association & submit x = exhibit at a meet+ ( ?is "*1 ?is l& %[1 giv+ cr$it to ! donors = mat]ial1 some:at z ,mr4 ,re$ has done 9 pecans = ! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s ,association8 ,! ,secret>y3 ,i ?9k ,i'd h a few m9utes to sp>e to d t4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,i ?9k x w\ld be an admirable ?+4 ,! ,*airman3 ,yes1 x w\ld adv]tise ! organization ext5sively & be a con/ructive /ep 9 agriculture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,littlepage1 h y any report f ! ,committee on ,incorporation8 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,t is a matt] t w require consid]able ?\ght & att5tion4 ,x w require att5tion f sev]al /&po9ts1 z = example "u :at laws we might wi% to incorporate1 s ,i ?9k ! committee w res]ve its report to make to ! ,executive ,committee at "s lat] meet+4 ,! ,*airman3 ,we h no o!r bus9ess1 ,i believe1 & w n[ retire to ! hall :]e we w h ! lant]n slide exhibition4 ,! morn+ session closes ! meet+ & we are to meet at two o'clock at ! ,monum5t & f !re g out to see c]ta9 trees 9 ! vic9ity4 ,mr4 ,ru% & ,mr4 ,jones are to %[ u ^! & _! two nurs]ies4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,i w\ld l to (f] z a resolution1 t ! secret>y be in/ruct$ to make arrangem5ts ) ! publi%]s ( ! ,am]ican ,fruit & ,nut ,j\rnal = ! di/ribution ( "o copy to ea* memb] z a "p ( 8 memb]%ip fee4 ,! secret>y w !n be able to rea* ! memb]s 9 8 publi%$ notices )\t special pr9t]s' tr\bles ( 8 own1 & ! memb]s w be able to get "s live matt] "r along4 ,! motion 0 second$ & adopt$1 aft] :i* ! executive session clos$ & ! memb]s adj\rn$ 9 a body to ! ,sc5ic ,!atre1 :]e ! regul> program 0 resum$ z foll[s3 ,! ,*airman3 ,we w h ,mr4 ,ru%'s pap] fir/4 ,,! ,,p]sian ,,walnut1 ,,its ,,disa/] ,,& ,,lessons ,,= #aiab ,j4 ,g4 ,,ru%1 ,,p5nsylvania ,! ye> j clos+ has be5 full ( disa/]s bo? on l& & sea1 ?\gh ,i d n wi% x to be und]/ood t ,i am incl9$ to be a pessimi/ on acc\nt ( ^! occurr5ces4 ,i wi% to speak ( a disa/] :i* ov]took ! walnut indu/ry 9 ! nor!rn /ates4 ,e>ly 9 ! ye> we _h an arctic cold wave :i* put ! !rmomet] f #bc to #cc degrees bel[ z]o4 ,?is cold wave app>5tly did no injury to ! walnut trees at ! "t b late 9 ! spr+ x 0 discov]$ t ! wood cells 7 ruptur$ ?\gh ! buds & b>k 7 un9jur$4 ,9 cutt+ ! scions 9 e>ly ,april ! b>k & buds seem$ 9 good condition = graft+2 b z ! "t approa*$ to d ! "w x 0 readily se51 by its *ang$ color1 t ! wood 0 injur$1 "s scions ( c\rse m ?an o!rs4 ,^? t 7 only slightly discolor$ 7 us$ 9 graft+4 ,b z "t pass$ ! unhappy result came to light t out ( ab\t #b1jjj nurs]y trees graft$ only "o graft grew4 ,aft] climb+ an #hj foot walnut tree to get our scions1 & pay+ a good price = !m besides1 ?is 0 r disc\rag+4 ,?is cold wave1 :i* 0 unprec$5t$ = ! "t1 _h wr\ght o!r injuries to ! nut indu/ry4 ,t 0 especially to ! "y trees t 7 transplant$ ! fall previ\s & la/ spr+4 ,! transplant+ ) a fro/ injury already 0 too great a /ra9 on ! feeble life ( ! trees4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t "s ( !m di$ outright1 & o!rs made only a feeble gr[?4 ,b :]e l[ & sev]e prun+ 0 practis$ good results foll[$ & su* trees z 7 e/abli%$ on ! orig9al root sy/em escap$ ! fro/ injury entirely4 ,! "y nurs]y trees ) dormant buds 7 n affect$ 9 ! lea/ b made a /rong gr[? ( f ?ree to sev5 feet ?is la/ summ]4 ,! int5se cold wave 0 su* t "s old & "y se$l+ ,p]sian walnut trees 7 kill$ outright1 & n only ! ,p]sian walnut b 9 a few in/ances ! ,am]ican black 0 v mu* injur$2 likewise ! ,norway maple1 magnolia1 ,cali=nia privet & roses4 ,also ! pea* bo? 9 tree & fruit4 ,n[ 9 conclusion let me say1 :at is ! lesson to be le>n$8 ,fir/1 z to ! propagation ( ! ,p]sian walnut1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 t only trees t are h>dy %\ld be propagat$ f1 z well z hav+ good be>+ qualities ) a fir/ class nut4 ,second1 aft] a freeze su* z we _h la/ w9t]1 a special ef=t %\ld be made to save ! newly plant$ tree by close & sev]e prun+4 ,z1 = example1 ,i _h a v f9e two ye> old ,hall ,p]sian walnut :i* 0 ref]r$ to me z dead4 ,i cut ! tree (f ab\t #d in*es above :]e x 0 budd$ on ! black walnut /ock4 ,x 0 n long aft] t signs ( new life appe>$ & ev5tually x made a v f9e1 h&some tree4 ,nature does inde$ "s wond]ful tricks 9 ?is respect by :i* we c le>n valuable lessons2 & *ief ( ^! is close prun+4 ,su* a cold wave may visit u only once 9 a lifetime & %\ld n disc\rage u f c>ry+ nut culture to its highe/ developm5t4 ,we mu/ n ?9k = a mom5t t o!r walnut sections are exempt f simil> visitations4 ,!y h !m 9 ! ,pacific ,nor?we/1 & 9 ,france & ,g]many4 ,z reg>ds ! walnut indu/ry = ,lanca/] c\nty or ,p5nsylvania 9 g5]al1 ,i am safe 9 say+ t a fair p]c5tage ( ! f>m]s are tak+ hold ( x4 ,?is is because ( ! fact t ! ,san ,jose scale has practically de/roy$ all ! old apple trees ar\nd ! f>m build+s1 &1 n wi%+ to h ! build+ d5ud$ ( ! cu/om>y %ade & fruit1 nut trees are plant$ in/ead4 ,?is is 9 reality ! practice preval5t 9 ,france & ,g]many :]e !y utilize e foot ( gr\nd to pr(itable acc\nt4 ,! life ( an apple tree is f fifty to sixty ye>s :]eas a walnut tree is j 9 its prime at t age & de/9$ to live = hundr$s ( ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,!n aga9 ! ravages ( ! *e/nut tree blight are de/roy+ ! cultivat$ p>agons j z freely z ! *e/nuts 9 ! =e/s1 :i* 9 a few ye>s w be ?+s ( ! pa/1 ?us giv+ /ill m room = walnut & o!r nut trees4 ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association 0 organiz$ = a gr& & noble purpose1 t is to /& toge!r %\ld] to %\ld] to devise ways & means to br+ nut culture to a gr& & glori\s success4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,! temp]ature ,mr4 ,ru% spoke ( r surprises me4 ,la/ ye> at ,toronto x did n fall l[] ?an #i degrees bel[ z]o4 ,we _h summ] almo/ until ,new ,ye>'s & !n a v sev]e w9t] until ,april4 ,i didn't notice any ev]gre5 trees kill$1 b at ,detroit1 ! ,bronx & v>i\s o!r places1 ,i nev] saw a w9t] s disa/r\s = kill+ ev]gre5s4 ,! ,*airman3 ,n only t b nurs]ym5 all ov] ea/]n ,new ,engl& said !y suff]$ great] losses la/ w9t] ?an ev] be=e4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,i w\ld l to ask ,mr4 ,ru% if x w\ld be possible to cut scions by ,decemb] #a/1 s z to escape dang] f su* great freezes4 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,i really h little exp]i5ce 9 keep+ scions4 ,?is fall ,i put "s 9 ! moi/ cold e>? 9 ! cell>4 ,i ?9k ! exp]im5t w be successful because ,i h kn[n *e/nut scions cut 9 ! fall1 to be kept "u leaves 9 ! grove till spr+4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,i %\ld l to sugge/ t y try ! foll[+ exp]im5t2 bury !m1 wrapp$ up 9 a gunny-sack or some?+1 entirely und]gr\nd :]e !y w h absolute moi/ure & be %ut away f ! air4 ,i h f\nd t v successful4 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,sometimes ! tr\ble is !y get too moi/4 ,! ,*airman3 ,!re is a pr9ciple "h1 & we _h bett] keep d[n to pr9ciples z mu* z we c4 ,t pr9ciple is t if ! cells ( ! scions are di/5d$ ) wat] a c]ta9 *emical process is go+ on all ! :ile1 because a scion is j z mu* alive z ! r$ squirrel2 x is a liv+ organism4 ,n[ !n1 if ! cells are a v little bel[ normal dryness ! *emical processes mo/ly cease1 & t is bett]4 ,we h to use nice judgm5t 9 avoid+ hav+ a scion s dry t its cells p]i% or s moi/ t its cells are und]go+ *emical processes too rapidly4 ,our scions are cut1 say1 ! la/ ( ,novemb]1 !n cov]$ ) leaves en\gh to prev5t freez+ & ?aw+4 ,t w c>ry scions pretty well ?r\gh ! w9t] & p]haps is ! be/ way1 b we mu/ nev] =get t 9 deal+ ) scions we are deal+ ) liv+ r$ squirrels j z :5 we are deal+ ) poll54 ,a ,memb]3 ,are ! leaves moi/ or dry8 ,! ,*airman3 ,! drie/ leaves 9 ! woods conta9 m wat] ?an y ?9k !y d4 ,!y c>ry en\gh to ma9ta9 ! life ( ! cells1 if !y are pack$ pretty firmly ab\t y\r scions1 & at ! same "t ! scions are /ill all[$ to brea!4 ,i keep !m above gr\nd4 ,i put a lay] ( %+les on ! cell> floor1 if ,i've got a b>e gr\nd cell> floor1 & !n a lay] ( v f9e leaves l locu/ leaves1 !n a s+le lay] ( scions & !n a good big heap ( leaves ov] ^?1 pack$ tight1 a good big heap ( apple leaves or any?+ y h at h&4 ,try x on ! basis ( pr9ciples4 ,x is a complex "q4 ,y c't settle any ( ^! que/ions (f-h&4 ,e man :o has _h mu* exp]i5ce has le>n$ t he ne$s a :ole lot m4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,h y _h any exp]i5ce 9 fix+ up a b$ ( scions l t & putt+ x 9 cold /orage8 ,! ,*airman3 ,yes1 b y mu/ tell ! cold /orage p n to let !m get too dry4 ,tell !m y want !m 9 moi/ cold /orage1 & to keep ! temp]ature ab\t #dj4 ,a ,memb]3 ,we h f\nd ) walnuts t if y h ! scions too damp !y won't keep v long4 ,if y h !m j moi/ en\gh to hold !m y c keep !m all w9t]1 maybe indef9itely4 ,! ,*airman3 ,if y\r cell is full ( wat] ! scion w "w z h>d z an ,iri%man4 ,a ,memb]3 ,i f9d t we h to graft !m above gr\nd1 9 ! ,nor?1 & if !y are too moi/ :5 graft$ !y w dry up1 b if kept dry !y w gr[1 because !y w rema9 9 good condition until ! sap comes up 9 ! /ock4 ,! ,*airman3 ,yes1 y mu/ *oose a position midway betwe5 too dry & too moi/4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,t is v important2 !y won't /& dampness4 ,mr4 ,pom]oy3 ,w\ldn't x be well to dip ! cut end ( ! walnut scion 9 wax to hold ! sap8 ,! ,*airman3 ,i am afraid t w\ld /op its brea?+4 ,y are deal+ ) a r$ squirrel all ! :ile1 rememb] t4 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,my me?od is ?is3 ,i h a little room ab\t six feet wide ) ice packs on bo? sides & d\ble doors4 ,9 t ,i pack my scions 9 ?is way3 ,i take c>bide cans made ( iron & put damp sawdu/1 ab\t an in* or s1 on ! bottom & !n ,i pack my scions 9 ! cans1 cut end d[n1 !n ,i put ! top on loosely4 ,i h c>ri$ !m ov] ! second ye> 9 t way4 ,! ,*airman3 ,b y let !m brea! all ! :ile8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,c]ta9ly1 & !y h b v little moi/ure4 ,!y are kept 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #dj degrees4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,h[ (t5 d y wet t sawdu/8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,n once4 ,! ,*airman3 ,well1 t's 9 keep+ ) our !oretical basis4 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,i cut scions any "t betwe5 n[ & ,m>*4 ,i don't take !m out ( /orage until we use !m4 ,we graft up to ! middle ( ,june4 ,! ,*airman3 ,i f\nd "s hickory scions t _h be5 accid5tally ov]look$1 kept "u leaves1 & ! buds 9 ! cambium 7 p]fectly good aft] two ye>s4 ,9 reg>d to w9t] injury--9 ! vic9ity ( ,/am=d1 ,conn41 ! nurs]ym5 report$ great] losses ( all k9ds 9 nurs]y /ock ?an !y _h _h be=e 9 _! exp]i5ce4 ,i notic$ t "s small bran*es ( ! ,p]sian walnuts _h be5 injur$1 & p>ticul>ly :]e grafts _h />t$ a little late & _h n lignifi$ q ?or\ghly ,i lo/ :atev] grafts _h n _h "t to lignify4 ,la/ w9t] ! injuries 9 our vic9ity consi/$ *iefly ( two k9ds2 occasional kill+ ( ! small bran*es--?is does little h>m because1 :]e ! bran* is kill$ & dies back = a c]ta9 di/ance1 we h ?ree or f\r m bran*es />t+ up1 s t p]haps x is n sophi/ical to say t x does ! tree good4 ,we get a l>g] be>+ area ?an if x 7 n = ?is occasional freez+ ( small bran*es4 ,ano!r =m ( injury occurs 9 ! spr+4 ,! sap w />t to asc5d :5 we h w>m days 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*2 !n a few cold days come &1 if we h absolutely freez+ temp]ature at night1 ?is sap freezes & :5 x freezes x exp&s1 z wat] does ev]y:]e1 & ! result is a bur/+ ( ! b>k4 ,t is an occasional happ5+ ) all trees b p>ticul>ly ) exotics4 ,"o k9d ( w9t] injury has be5 ov]look$ 9 connection ) ! walnut4 ,! v la/ ?+ :i* ! tree does 9 ! autumn is to complete its buds = female fl[]s4 ,t is ! v la/ job ! tree has on h& & if ! tree _c complete ! buds = female fl[]s p]fectly1 !n a v little wood kill+ w make t a b>r5 tree1 al?\gh x appe>s to be a good /rong tree4 ,t cov]s ! k9ds ( w9t] injury ,i h se5 9 ! vic9ity ( ,/am=d1 ,conn4 7,"h ,col4 ,c4 ,k4 ,sob] ( ,p5nsylvania %[$ lant]n slide views ( 8 or*>ds ( p>agon *e/nuts & 8 me?ods47 ,! ,*airman3 ,we w h n[ ,mr4 ,re$'s address ) lant]n views4 ,a #aiab ,,review ,,( ,,! ,,nut ,,situation ,,9 ,,! ,,nor? ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,9 tak+ up ! "q ( ! pres5t /atus ( ! nut indu/ry ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 we h to d m ) :at has n be5 accompli%$ ?an ) :at has be54 ,v little has be5 done t[>d develop+ ! nor!rn *e/nut4 ,:at has be5 done has be5 mo/ly ) ! ,european species & s f> t has n be5 v satisfactory4 ,! ,european species is q subject to ! blight4 ,! ,japanese nut is n ord9>ily ( a quality equal to t ( ! ,am]ican4 ,x is ?\ght1 too1 t ) ! ,japanese *e/nut ! *e/nut blight has be5 introduc$1 :i* has be5 s s]i\s to our native species4 ,! walnut has n become well e/abli%$ 9 ! ea/]n /ates4 ,s f>1 mo/ ( ! ,european nuts t h be5 import$ h be5 too t5d] to adapt !mselves to our climatic conditions1 & ! filb]t1 :5 br\ght f ,europe1 proves q subject to a blight t prevails ev]y:]e ) our native species1 b ) !m is n s s]i\s4 ,9 runn+ ov] ^! slides1 ,i w beg9 fir/ ) ! *e/nut4 ,t is p]haps ! be/ kn[n species 9 ?is locality4 ,t %[s "o ( our native *e/nut trees z x is famili> to y all 9 a great "p ( ?is t]ritory "u discussion1 t is1 ! "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ea/ ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] & nor? ( ! ,potomac4 ,t photograph 0 tak5 "s "t la/ ,june or ,july :5 ! tree 0 9 full bloom4 ,! *e/nut is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( our native nut trees4 ,?is tree has ! blight 9 "o ( ! e>li] /ages & x is %[n "h m]ely to call att5tion to ! disease1 because no discussion ( ! *e/nut indu/ry at ! pres5t "t c be complete )\t at lea/ call+ att5tion to ! s]i\sness ( t blight4 ,t tree1 p]haps1 has n be5 affect$ m ?an two ye>s1 possibly "o4 ,is t "r1 ,mr4 ,pi]ce8 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,ab\t two4 ,t's an #ah or #bj in* tree1 isn't x8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,yes1 sir4 ,mr4 ,pi]ce3 ,x mu/ be an #ah or #bj in* tree to be s badly blight$ at ! top4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,two ye>s1 b y see x's pretty well gone4 ,we come n[ to ! ,p>agon1 "o ( ! fir/ trees ( t v>iety ev] propagat$4 ,x 0 plant$ :]e x /&s1 by ! introduc]1 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,m4 ,engel1 at ,m>ietta1 :]e !y _h q an or*>d at "o "t1 b ! blight is s s]i\s t !re are only a few specim5s ( ! trees left4 ,t tree is probably 9 ! neighborhood ( tw5ty-five ye>s old4 ,! next slide %[s two trees ( ! same v>iety t we may possibly see ?is aft]noon4 ,!y are on ! f>m belong+ to ,mr4 ,ru% & !y are ab\t tw5ty ye>s old4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,:at h ^? trees yield$8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,!y yield f\r1 five1 six & sev5 to eight bu%els4 ,y c see t !y are n f> f ! b>n & ! roots run "u t b>ny>d manure pile4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,:at w\ld y consid] an av]age crop8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,!y gr[ five or six bu%els p] tree4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,! greate/ att5tion t has be5 paid to develop+ ! p>agon *e/nut 9 or*>d f>m+ has be5 on ! plan ,mr4 ,sob] has j %[n1 by cle>+ away ! m\nta9 side & cutt+ d[n ev]y?+ b ! *e/nut spr\ts4 ,?is photograph 0 tak5 9 a ?icket :]e ! und]bru% _h n be5 cle>$ away4 ,^? are a good age n[ or p]haps a little bit old] ?an we usually graft1 ar5't !y1 ,mr4 ,sob]8 ,mr4 ,sob]3 ,yes1 sir2 "o or two ye>s old4 ,:5 !y get to be ?ree ye>s old !y are pa/ graft+1 accord+ to my me?od4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,?is photograph 0 tak5 at ,mr4 ,sob]'s a little ov] a ye> ago1 tak5 9 ! ra9 & is n v cle>1 b x %[s ! di/ance betwe5 ! trees at ! "t :5 ^! trees 7 f\r or five ye>s old--is t "r8 ,mr4 ,sob]3 ,!y are elev5 ye> old trees4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,d y ?9 !m out aft] !y get t size8 ,mr4 ,sob]3 ,yes1 sir1 !y %\ld be ?9n$ out m1 b ,i hesitat$ on acc\nt ( ! blight2 ,i h ?\s&s t ,i c\ld sp>e1 b = fe> ! blight w take !m out4 ,a ,memb]3 ,d y cultivate ! gr\nd8 ,mr4 ,sob]3 ,i don't cultivate x1 ,i j pa/ure x4 ,! l& is f]tiliz$1 b n cultivat$4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,t is a photograph ( a l>ge *e/nut or*>d 9 ?is c\nty4 ,x is n _m miles f "h4 ,i und]/& t ow+ to ! blight & to ! weevil1 t or*>d has n be5 satisfactory1 & ,i 0 told two or ?ree days ago t x 0 be+ cle>$ away4 ,! ,*airman3 ,:at v>ieties8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,p>agon & native /ock4 ,a ,memb]3 ,0 t ! old ,furness ,grove8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,yes1 sir4 ,t slide %[s ! cong5iality1 ord9>ily1 betwe5 ! /ock ( ! native *e/nut & ! p>agon4 ,! next slide %[s a typical in/ance ( mal=mation betwe5 ! ,japanese & native *e/nut4 ,i und]/& t ?is is n unusual at all4 ,! ,japanese1 ord9>ily1 does n make a good union ) ! ,am]ican sweet *e/nut4 ,t slide 0 tak5 9 ,indiana4 ,x is a tw5ty-five acre p>agon or*>d own$ by ,mr4 ,littlepage & ,s5ator ,b\rne ( ,oregon1 plant$ 9 ! spr+ ( #aiaj4 ,! next slide %[s "o ( ! trees 9 ! or*>d dur+ its fir/ season4 ,mr4 ,littlepage _h to h !m all gone ov] & ! burs remov$4 ,!y 7 s incl9$ to fruit dur+ ! fir/ season t !y w\ld h exhau/$ !mselves if ! burs _h n be5 remov$4 ,!y made a v promis+ />t1 b ,i und]/& f ,mr4 ,littlepage t a numb] ( ! trees h s9ce di$4 ,is !re any?+ y'd l to add to t1 ,mr4 ,littlepage8 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,i hav5't yet q det]m9$ ! cause ( ! tr\ble4 ,la/ w9t] ,i lo/ p]haps "o-?ird ( ! trees ) a peculi> condition4 ,! wood "u ! b>k 0 d>k5$4 ,i s5t "s ( !m to ,wa%+ton ! ye> be=e to see if !re 0 any blight or fungus & !y report$ !re 0 none on any ( ! trees1 b ?is w9t] p]haps "o-?ird ( ! trees di$ d[n to ! graft4 ,a few1 h[ev]1 w\ld spr\t f ! scion1 giv+ me1 ( c\rse1 ! graft$ top aga94 ,x seem$ to indicate1 p]haps1 a w9t] kill+ & yet ,i w\ld n und]take to ass]t t t 0 ! cause1 b x 0 v s]i\s4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,0 ! l& l[ or high8 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,high l& along a hillside1 v excell5t l& = *e/nuts4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,s&y loam8 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,no1 x's a hilly clay ) a consid]able humus & set 9 clov]4 ,! ,*airman3 ,:i* way does x face8 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,s\?4 ,! ,*airman3 ,t is r bad4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,i don't "k4 ,i h "s ov] on ! o!r side ( ! hill & ,i don't "k :e!r ! kill+ 0 great] on ! o!r side or n4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,we h be=e u a view ( ! orig9al ,ro*e/] & its orig9ator1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,reihl1 ( ,alton1 ,ill4 ,ov] 9 ! ,c\rt ,h\se we h on exhibition nuts ( t v>iety :i* mo/ ( y h se54 ,y are aw>e1 probably1 t x is a native *e/nut4 ,x is "o ( ! l>ge/ & be/ ( ! native *e/nuts & orig9at$ 9 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 :]e s f> ! blight has n spread4 ,x gives consid]able promise = ! future4 ,we come back n[ to ,lanca/] c\nty to a *9kap9 tree1 a hybrid *9kap94 ,! orig9al tree /&s 9 a =e/ 9 ?is c\nty1 & z y notice !re1 x is a v good siz$ tree4 ,y might ?9k f ! looks ( ! photograph t t is a *e/nut1 b ! nuts are small & borne 9 racemes1 s !y are typical *9kap9s4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,"o p>5t 0 a *e/nut8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,we don't "k2 x's a native tree2 x's a hybrid4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,x's a suppos$ hybrid4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,yes1 ! *e/nut & *9kap9 gr[ close toge!r4 ,! ,*airman3 ,:at is ! =m ( ! nuts8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,r\nd l a *9kap94 ,i ?9k x 0 a *e/nut on a *9kap94 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,if x is a *9kap91 :at is !re to indicate t !re is any *e/nut blood 9 x8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,! size ( ! tree & ! fact t ! nut matures ) ! *e/nut4 ,! *9kap9 is ab\t ?ree weeks e>li] ?an ?is v>iety ( *9kap94 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,t photograph is typical ( ! ,ru% hybrid *9kap94 ,we take up ! butt]nut n[4 ,s f> z we "k1 !re are no nam$ v>ieties ( ! butt]nut2 !re _c be until "s good individual tree is f\nd :i* is ( suffici5t m]it to entitle x to propagation by budd+ & graft+4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ kn[n nuts 9 our field1 especially 9 ,new ,engl&2 x is m common !re ?an x is fur!r s\?4 ,?is slide %[s ! native butt]nut 9 ! =e/s ( s\!rn ,indiana ne> ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,( c\rse1 ^? trees 9 =e/s l t don't mature _m nuts4 ,x is n 9 ! =e/s1 ord9>ily1 t y w f9d individual trees ( suffici5t m]it to entitle !m to propagation4 ,x is ! tree 9 ! op5 t has _h great] opportunities ?an are af=d$ 9 ! =e/4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,are !re any conif]\s trees 9 t =e/8 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,no1 t's an alluvial bottom1 ,mr4 ,lake4 ,!re is q a long bottom by ! creek :]e ! butt]nut gr[s pr(usely4 ,we h ! same tree on ! f>m t ,s5ator ,b\rne & ,i own4 ,hundr$s ( ^? trees gr[ 9 ! woods !re4 ,x's ri* alluvial soil4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,! fact t x is ri* alluvial soil does n usually b> conif]\s trees2 x may 9 y\r section4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,!re are none !re4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,! slide be=e u %[s typical black walnuts t are almo/ z common1 p]haps m s1 9 _m p>ts ( ! area "u discussion1 ?an ! butt]nut4 ,?is photograph 0 tak5 9 ,mi*igan :]e ! trees are gr[+ along f5ce r[s )\t cultivation or special att5tion4 ,no "o kn[s :e!r ! nuts ( ^? trees are ( special value or n4 ,x m]ely %[s ! />t+ po9t = improvem5t 9 ! walnut4 ,we come n[ to ! ,p]sian walnut1 :i* ,mr4 ,lake w discuss m fully 9 a few m9utes4 ,?is is "o ( ! trees we w probably h an opportunity to see ?is aft]noon4 ,x is betwe5 ,mr4 ,ru%'s nurs]y & ! /ation1 on ! "r h& side z y are go+ out4 ,j above ! top ( ! f5ce y w notice a d>k l9e :i* indicates ! po9t ( union4 ,! ,p]sian walnut 0 graft$ on ! black /ock4 ,! ,p]sian is ( slightly great] diamet]4 ,n[ we h ,mr4 ,ru% 9 8 walnut nurs]y4 ,^! are se$l+ walnuts 9 _! ?ird ye>4 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,second ye>4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,second ye> f ! "t ( plant+4 ,y w notice ! luxuriant gr[?4 ,! next slide %[s ! me?ods ( propagation4 ,?is is ! fir/ /ep 9 ! op]ation4 ,! knife is simil> to ^? on ! tables 9 ! ,c\rt ,h\se4 ,! next slide %[s ! second /age 9 ! op]ation :]e ! b>k has be5 lift$ & ,mr4 ,ru% holds ! bud ( ! ,p]sian walnut 9 ! f+]s ( 8 left h&1 & ! next slide %[s ! bud 9 position & be+ held firmly by a f+] ( ! left h&4 ,z soon z x is 9 position l t1 ,mr4 ,ru% lifts ! p5cil--! in/rum5t t he holds 9 ! "r h& & folds ! b>k back ov] ! new bud & !n cuts x on ! outside1 s t he makes a p]fect fit4 ,if any?+1 ! b>k ( ! black walnut ov]laps slightly ! b>k ( ! bud1 & ! ?ird /ep 9 ! op]ation is ! wrapp+4 ,bel[1 "r at ?is po9t1 is a complet$ op]ation4 ,t 0 done 9 ,augu/1 us+ buds ( ! pres5t season's gr[?1 & 9 ab\t h[ _m days is x t y take (f ! wrapp+8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,ab\t two weeks4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,9 ab\t two weeks take (f ! wrapp+2 & ab\t h[ mu* long] is x be=e y get a gr[? l t8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,ab\t two weeks m1 ?ree weeks m4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,9 ab\t f\r or five weeks f ! "t ( ! op]ation a gr[? l t is n uncommon4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,:5 is ! top cut (f8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,:5 ,i see t gr[? is tak+ place ,i cut ! top (f 9 ord] to enc\rage ! gr[? to get /rong en\gh = ! w9t]4 ,( c\rse our object is to keep ! bud dormant until ! foll[+ season1 p]fectly dormant1 b sometimes !y d make a gr[? &1 if !y d1 cut !m (f at ! top & =ce !m4 ,y w n get t bud to gr[ next summ]1 b ano!r bud />ts out bel[ t bran* & gives y y\r tree4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,t "o dies !n8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,yes1 sir1 inv>iably dies4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,!re is "o ( ,mr4 ,ru%'s own gr[+ ( ! ,ru% walnut1 a little tree :i*1 9 its second season1 matur$ two nuts4 ,t photograph 0 tak5 j ab\t ! "t ! nuts 7 ready to be ga!r$4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,i notic$ 9 ! nurs]ies at ! ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college1 a lot ( black walnuts t 7 sun-scald$4 ,!y 7 too f> ap>t4 ,c anyone tell u any?+ ab\t ?is dang] ( sun-scald to ! trunk8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,well1 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance1 ! tree /&s "r next to a f5ce1 s x is protect$ f ! hot sun dur+ a l>ge "p ( ! season4 ,p]haps ,mr4 ,ru% c\ld tell u :e!r he has _h any tr\ble ) sun-scald4 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,n at all1 none :atev]1 nev]4 ,! ,*airman3 ,!re is1 9 "s localities1 a great deal ( dang] f sun-scald4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,/am=d1 ,conn41 mo/ ( ! ,engli% walnuts w sun-scald m or less unless we look out = t & give !m %ade2 mo/ly 9 ! trunk bel[ ! bran*es4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,h[ ab\t ! nuts8 ,! ,*airman3 ,i hav5't se5 any scald+ !re4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,^! are all int]e/+ po9ts & ,i am glad to h !m ?r[n 94 ,mr4 ,ru% c tell u ab\t ?is slide4 ,x is "o ( ! cut-leaf$ v>ieties ( walnut f ,cali=nia t he is propagat+4 ,x is m ( an ornam5t ?an x is a comm]cial nut1 isn't x8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,x is bo? comb9$4 ,x is v productive & v h>dy4 ,! nut is n q z l>ge z ! ,nebo4 ,x is ! cut-leaf$ weep+ walnut4 ,! fir/ tree t came f ,cali=nia co/ tw5ty doll>s4 ,x is v ornam5tal4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,?is is a view ( a se$l+ ,p]sian walnut or*>d 9 ,bucks c\nty1 ?is /ate1 "s tw5ty or ?irty miles nor? ( ,philadelphia4 ,x is n[ ab\t t5 ye>s ( age & is own$ by ,mrs4 ,j4 ,l4 ,lovett1 ( ,emilie4 ,"s ( ! nuts ( ?is or*>d are on exhibition ov] 9 ! ,c\rt ,h\se4 ,! or*>d 0 n giv5 any special cultivation at ! "t ?is photograph 0 tak54 ,! nuts f ! trees1 ( c\rse1 are v ununi=m1 be+ se$l+s1 & ! be>+ ( ! trees is n especially l>ge1 b ! app>5t ?rift & vigor ( ^! trees gives a good deal ( gr\nd = look+ =w>d to a walnut indu/ry 9 ! ea/]n /ates4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,d y "k ! orig9 ( ! se$8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,no1 sir1 we d n4 ,! nuts f :i* ^? trees 7 plant$ 7 obta9$ & plant$ by ,mr4 ,lovett :o is n[ deceas$4 ,! ,*airman3 ,"o ( ! mo/ important features1 x seems to me1 ( graft+1 is ! idea t we c graft f prolific trees4 ,! majority ( trees1 ( walnuts1 hickories1 any?+ y please1 are n rem>kably prolific1 b 9 graft+ y select a tree t is prolific z "o ( ! mo/ desirable ( its qualities4 ,a ,memb]3 ,y say t ?is grove 0 giv5 no p>ticul> cultivation2 are !y c>eful to all[ all ! foliage to rema9 on ! gr\nd :]e x drops8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,i c\ldn't answ] z to t4 ,a ,memb]3 ,mr4 ,sob]1 d y d t8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,yes1 sir4 ,a ,memb]3 ,! po9t ,i want$ to make is t t is probably v mu* bett] ?an any cultivation t c\ld be giv54 ,! ,*airman3 ,! matt] ( cultivation is "o we h got to settle 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i h be5 ov] ! walnut or*>ds on ! ,pacific coa/1 9 ! ,ea/ & 9 ,europe1 & ,i f9d ?ree entirely sep>ate & di/9ct me?ods ( treatm5t4 ,on ! ,pacific coa/1 ! rule is to cultivate e ye> & irrigate :]e !y c1 b to cultivate1 at any rate1 :e!r !y irrigate or n4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 :]e p are suppos$ to be v indu/ri\s1 we h adopt$ ! lazi] way ( lett+ ! trees gr[ 9 sod2 b t is n s bad if we foll[ ! pr9ciple br\ght =w>d by ,/r+fell[ ( lett+ ! leaves all decompose1 & add+ m f]tiliz] & m leaves & tak+ away no?+4 ,9 ,france & ,g]many & ,engl&1 :]e ! trees are cultivat$1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,france1 :]e !y are be/ cultivat$1 we f9d two me?ods2 fir/1 keep+ up clean cultivation & add+ a little lime e ye> &1 second1 add lime )\t ! cultivation4 ,"o great feature ( ! treatm5t ( ! tree 9 ,france1 :]e ! be/ walnuts come f1 is ! addition ( a little lime e ye>1 ev5 if x's a lime/one gr\nd1 & t may possibly acc\nt = ! delicate "* ( ! ,fr5* walnuts & ! reason :y !y h ! fir/ call 9 ! m>ket4 ,i don't "k t t is true1 b x seems to me1 at lea/1 a collat]al fact1 & collat]al facts (t5 mean some?+4 ,mr4 ,pom]oy3 ,judg+ f my own exp]i5ce ,i ?9k t t or*>d w\ld be produc+ n[ two or two & a half bu%els p] tree ea* ye> if put "u cultivation & giv5 ! c>e ( an ord9>y pea* or*>d4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,^! are se$l+ trees1 y und]/&1 9 t or*>d we %[$4 ,?is is a ,p]sian walnut tree 9 ,mr4 ,ru%'s front y>d4 ,i've =gott5 ! v>iety4 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,t is ! ,kaghazi4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,n[ we come to ! orig9al hickories4 ,?is is "o ( ! e>lie/ hickory nuts propagat$1 9 fact1 x's ab\t ! only "o s f>4 ,t tree is own$ by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,hales ( ,ridgewood1 ,n4 ,j4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,h !y f]tiliz$ x8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,no1 n especially4 ,x /&s on good1 f]tile soil b ,i ?9k no att5tion has ev] be5 paid to x 9 ! way ( cultivation4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,h y its yield+ record8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,x nev] made l>ge records2 z ,i recall x n[1 x has nev] borne m ?an a few bu%els at any "o "t1 p]haps two bu%els4 ,! ,*airman3 ,"o reason is because x has be5 cut back regul>ly e ye> = scions8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,yes1 t's true4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,ov] two hundr$ ye>s old1 !n8 ,! ,*airman3 ,i d\bt if t tree is ov] fifty or sixty4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,t's :at ,i %\ld say1--some:]e 9 ! neighborhood ( fifty or sixty ye>s old4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,t slide %[s a typical graft$ tree 9 ,mr4 ,hales' g>d54 ,x's a nice %apely1 ?rifty tree ab\t sev5 ye>s old & only rec5tly came into be>+ to any ext5t4 ,! nurs]ym5 h _h great difficulty 9 propagat+ x until rec5tly4 ,n[ t ,mr4 ,jones has come up f ! ,s\? & he & ,mr4 ,ru% are gett+ d[n toge!r e>ne/ly 9 ! propagation ( ^! nor!rn trees1 we w probably h m ( !m1 b 9 all ! ye>s t ,mr4 ,hales has be5 work+ ) t p>ticul> v>iety1 he has nev] be5 able to get m ?an a few trees gr[n 9 ! nurs]y1 s x is n dissem9at$ to any ext5t4 ,! ,*airman3 ,d y ?9k t ?is w be l ! pecan & hickory1 t "s v>ieties w be> fifte5 ye>s aft] graft+ & o!r v>ieties two ye>s aft] graft+1 = in/ance1 z extremes8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,probably s1 ! same z x is ) o!r fruits4 ,! ,*airman3 ,x seems to me t t is :at we may fairly anticipate4 ,mr4 ,corsan3 ,l ,nor!rn ,spy apples & o!r apples4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,?is slide is a little bit out ( ord]4 ,x's a native ,p]sian walnut tree t /&s 9 ?is c\nty4 ,x is own$ by ,mr4 ,h>ness4 ,mr4 ,ru% has propagat$ x "u ! "n ( ,geit4 ,t photograph 0 tak5 9 ! fall ( #aiaa4 ,la/ ye> x suff]$ greatly dur+ ! extreme wea!r1 b x came out aga9 & made a v good gr[?4 ,?is is ! orig9al ,ru% tree t we may be able to see ?is aft]noon4 ,& ?is is ! orig9al ,nebo t we _h hop$ to be able to see b w probably n succe$4 ,x is "s sev5 or eight miles f ,mr4 ,ru%'s home & we w h>dly be able to make x ?is aft]noon4 ,! slide be=e u %[s "s ,european filb]ts t 7 plant$ by ,mr4 ,hales & up to ! pres5t "t !y are do+ nicely al?\gh !y h nev] fruit$ especially heavily2 b !re is no blight4 ,! ,*airman3 ,h[ _m ye>s8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,i ?9k ^? are t5 to twelve ye>s old4 ,p]haps y h se5 !m4 ,! ,*airman3 ,yes4 ,!re are two features connect$ ) ! filb]t t we ought to discuss "r "h4 ,"o is ! t5d5cy to its be+ de/roy$ by ! blight ( our ,am]ican hazel1 :i* ext5ds to ,indiana1 & ano!r is ! fact t x blossoms s e>ly t ! female fl[]s or ! male fl[]s are bo? apt to be kill$ by ! fro/4 ,all ! memb]s ( ?is ,association ought to get to "w to br+ out a v>iety :i* w h ! blight-resi/+ features & ! lat] bloom+ ( ! ,am]ican hazel4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,?is slide %[s a filb]t we w probably be able to see ?is aft]noon4 ,x is 9 ,mr4 ,ru%'s door y>d & is /ill pretty "y4 ,i believe x has n borne ( any acc\nt4 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,x has borne a little4 ,! ,*airman3 ,h[ old is x8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,i ?9k x's ab\t five ye>s old4 ,x is a ,b>celona4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,! next slide is tak5 9 ! or*>d ( ,mr4 ,k]r at ,d5ton1 ,md4 ,at "o "t he _h a v nice or*>d ( ^! filb]ts1 b ! blight has gott5 9 & has ab\t wip$ out ev]y?+4 ,9 a lett] f him ?is fall he said he _h v few nuts ( any v>iety1 al?\gh he did h a few4 ,a lett] t came ?is week f ,j4 ,w4 ,kill51 ( ,felton1 ,md41 said he _h f\nd filb]ts to be ab\t z unpr(itable a nut1 z any he c\ld h gr[n4 ,we w sp5d a few m9utes n[ runn+ ov] ! pecan situation4 ,we c h>dly omit x altoge!r because !re are s _m p 9 ! nor!rn /ates :o are int]e/$ 9 ! pecan 9 a f9ancial way4 ,! *>t be=e u %[s fir/ ! native area4 ,?is "p "h is ! portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* ! pecan is a native4 ,y notice h[ f> upw>d x ext5ds1 almo/ to ,t]re ,haute1 ,indiana1 & across s\!rn ,indiana along ! ,ohio ,riv]1 & x is "r 9 "h1 ab\t :]e ! p5cil indicates t "s ( our be/ nor!rn v>ieties h orig9at$4 ,mr4 ,littlepage & ,w4 ,c4 ,re$ & o!rs h %[n u nuts ov] 9 ! ,c\rt ,h\se t orig9at$ !re4 ,! ,buss]on & ! ,indiana are ! two mo/ nor!rn4 ,!y are a little way nor? ( ,v9c5nes4 ,no v>ieties s f> ( any m]it h orig9at$ 9 ,ill9ois4 ,:ile we h ! map ( ,ill9ois be=e u1 ,i w\ld l to po9t out ! place :]e ,mr4 ,riehl orig9at$ ! v>iety ( *e/nut we ref]r$ to "s "t ago4 ,d[n 9 m s\!rn ,ill9ois is :]e we f9d ,mr4 ,endicott4 ,?is d>k5$ area along ! s\!a/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ext5d+ away up into ,virg9ia1 %[s ! area to :i* ! pecan has be5 plant$ ) m or less success4 ,?is area ext5d+ d[n ov] ! ,pi$mont & up into ,virg9ia & ,we/ ,virg9ia1 is ! m\nta9 area to :i* ! pecan is n adapt$4 ,y nev] f9d pecans on ! upl&s4 ,?is ?ick1 heavy area %[s ! t]ritory )9 :i* ! pecan has be5 mo/ ext5sively plant$4 ,x is n common d[n 9 s\!rn ,florida4 ,y notice1 too1 t ov] "h 9 ,texas !re h be5 v few or*>ds plant$ to pecans4 ,nor? ( ^! %ad$ areas1 any:]e up 9 ,ohio or ,p5nsylvania or ,new ,york1 ! pecan has n %[n any adaptability or has n %[n suffici5t adaptability to ju/ify comm]cial plant+4 ,:atev] plant+ ( pecans is done 9 ! area nor? ( ! %ad$ portions !re mu/ be consid]$ z exp]im5tal4 ,! ,*airman3 ,! s\!rn "p ( ,texas is actually 9 ! tropical zone4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k if we h ! pecan actually gr[+ 9 ! tropics4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,we h m or less vague reports t x is gr[+ d[n ne> ,br[nsville4 ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,littlepage told u ! o!r day ( a fri5d ( 8 :o is plant+ pecans4 ,! ,*airman3 ,br[nsville is v close to ! tropics4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,mr4 ,yoacum told me he _h a grove d[n !re t _h n be5 a success s f>4 ,i "k t q a numb] ( p h discuss$ ! "q ( plant+ pecans 9 t section4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,?is is "o ( ! l>ge/ ( pecan trees2 x is ! l>ge/ t x has ev] be5 my p]sonal privilege to see4 ,x has a circumf]5ce ( betwe5 #ah & #ai feet & a spread ( ab\t #abe feet4 ,we e/imat$ t x 0 ab\t ! same height4 ,x /&s on ! we/ side ( ! ,mississippi ,riv]1 "s di/ance s\? ( ,baton ,r\ge4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,:at is ! approximate wat] level bel[ ! gr\nd8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,x is q ne> ! surface4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,i ?\ght s4 ,!re are conditions y w obs]ve t are unusual4 ,9 l&s :]e ! wat] level is ne> ! surface1 !re is a t5d5cy 9 ! tree to %ove out a lot ( surface roots4 ,y c travel all ov] ! pecan belt ( ,indiana & w nev] see a pecan tree t does n look z if x _h be5 driv5 9 ! gr\nd ) a pile-driv]1 b ,i h notic$ t y f9d ^? spread+ roots :]e ! wat] level is ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,x is int]e/+ to "k t "r ne> ?is tree 7 o!r l>ge trees1 ne>ly z l>ge1 t 7 bl[n ov]1 & !y %[$ no tap-roots1 b m]ely ! surface roots1 ,?is slide %[s a pecan bloom4 ,! pi/illate bloom is cle> up on ! t]m9ate gr[?2 ! /am9ate1 l o!r nut trees1 is on ! gr[? ( la/ season & comes out some:at 9 advance ( ! pi/illate1 necess>ily4 ,we come n[ to ! wild pecans ( ,texas4 ,! rec5t c5sus figures %[ t fully ?ree-fif?s ( all ! pecans produc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates come f ,texas4 ,?is photograph %[s ! native wild pecans along ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,"h is ! pecan z a p>k tree4 ,?is picture 0 tak5 9 ,llana ,p>k1 ,new ,braunfels1 9 we/ ,texas4 ,"o ( ! nuisances 9 pecan trees is illu/rat$ 9 ! upp] "p ( ?is photograph2 y w notice ! ,spani% moss t gr[s s d5sely on ! pecan trees if neglect$4 ,unless ! moss is kept out x gets s d5se t x smo!rs ! fruit+ & leaf+ surface1 s trees t are d5sely cov]$ ) t are able to make leaves only on ! t]m9als4 ,y notice 9 ! re> ! leaves ( bananas t gr[ !re ?r\gh\t ! entire ye>4 ,! ,*airman3 ,i h notic$ t ! mi/letoe 0 a bad p>asite on ! pecans 9 "s regions4 ,h y f\nd t8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,yes1 t is true2 t is "o ( ! pe/s ( ! pecan4 ,?is slide %[s a typical ,texas sc5e4 ,! wild pecans h be5 ga!r$ & are br\ght into t[n & are wait+ ! buy]s4 ,y w notice "r "h is a bag t has be5 /ood up & op5$1 wait+ = a buy]1 ! same z we see gra9 9 ! /reets ( nor!rn t[ns1 & "h are pecans on _! way f ! w>eh\se to ! c>4 ,! next slide %[s ano!r /ep2 !y are on _! way n[ f ,texas to ! crack]y or ! :olesal]s4 ,! crop ( pecans 9 ,texas alone usually runs f #bjj c>s to #fjj or #gjj c>s4 ,?is ye> ! crop is small & probably n ov] #bjj c>s1 s ! prices are go+ up4 ,?is is ! pecan crack]y 9 ,san ,antonio1 hav+ a capacity ( #bj1jjj p\nds a day4 ,! pecans are crack$ by ma*9]y & ! k]nels are pick$ out by h&4 ,?is slide %[s a native pecan tree4 ,! "o 9 ! =egr\nd 0 f across ! riv] ne> ,v9c5nes4 ,x is "o ( ! fir/ nor!rn v>ieties t 0 introduc$1 b x is n[ sup]s$$4 ,! next is ! orig9al tree ( ! ,buss]on4 ,! nuts f t tree are on exhibition ov] at ! ,c\rt ,h\se br\ght "h by ,mr4 ,re$4 ,! tree 0 cut back q sev]ely sev]al ye>s ago to get budwood & has n made suffici5t top yet to be> normal crops aga94 ,?is is ! orig9al tree ( ,indiana4 ,beside ! tree is ! introduc]1 ,mr4 ,mason ,j4 ,niblack1 ! g5tleman ) 8 h& by ! tree4 ,n[ we come to ! orig9al ,gre5 ,riv]1 "o ( ! nor!rn ,k5tucky pecans4 ,x is 9 a =e/ m ?an twelve miles f ,evansville across ! ,ohio ,riv] 9 ,k5tucky4 ,! trunk ( t tree is typical ( o!rs 9 ! =e/4 ,!re is a pecan =e/ ( p]haps #bjj acres1 f :i* ev]y?+ b pecan timb] 0 remov$ sev]al ye>s ago4 ,! slide be=e u %[s ! trunk ( a suppos$ *ance hybrid betwe5 hickory & pecan4 ,! next slide %[s a graft$ tree ( t v>iety4 ,x is int]e/+ to note ! vigor ( ?is hybrid4 ,x is q ! usual ?+ to get add$ vigor ) hybrids4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful1 d5se1 d>k gre5 trees t ,i h ev] se5 9 ! hickory family4 ,?is tree is 9 nor!rn ,georgia1 b x is n s prolific z ! p>5t tree4 ,! ,*airman3 ,does ! %ell fill d[n !re8 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,no1 x does n4 ,! ,*airman3 ,x gr[s v vigor\sly 9 ,connecticut4 ,x is a p]fectly h>dy hybrid1 b ,i am afraid ,i %all only be able to use ! crop = spectacle cases4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,?is %[s "o ( ! mo/ common me?ods ( propagat+ ! pecan1 ! annul> sy/em4 ,x is a slight modification ( ! sy/em ,mr4 ,ru% applies to ! propagation ( ! walnut4 ,?is %[s "o ( ! tools design$ especially = annul> budd+1 ! ,galbrai? knife4 ,! re/ ( ! op]ation y already und]/&4 ,x is m]ely plac+ ! bud 9 position & wrapp+ ! same z ,mr4 ,ru% does4 ,! ,*airman3 ,i w\ld l to ask1 does x make a great deal ( diff]5ce :e!r ! bud r+ is half an in* long or an in* & a qu>t] long8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,x does n make any diff]5ce4 ,! union takes place on ! cambium lay]4 ,x is n made on ! cut4 ,! ,*airman3 ,!n ! l5g? ( ! bud is n ( great importance8 ,mr4 ,ru%3 ,no1 x is ( no importance at all4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,?is slide may be a little bit mislead+4 ,two nuts matur$ 9 ! nurs]y on a scion t 0 ins]t$ 9 ,febru>y4 ,! scion 0 tak5 f a mature tree & ! fruit buds _h already set & _h en\gh n\ri%m5t to c>ry !m ?r\gh ! season s t !y matur$4 ,t is no indication ( :at may be expect$ 9 ! way ( be>+4 ,x is "o ( ! freaks4 ,?is is m]ely a view ( a f\rte5-ye> old pecan or*>d 9 s\?-we/]n ,georgia1 a #gjj-;acre or*>d own$ l>gely by "o p]son4 ,t is ! or*>d belong+ to ,mr4 ,g4 ,m4 ,bacon1 a "n probably famili> to "s ( y4 ,^? trees are set #df feet1 #h in*es ap>t1 ea* way4 ,!re are tw5ty trees to ! acre1 j beg9n+ to be> n[4 ,t photograph 0 tak5 "s two ye>s ago %[+ ! fir/ /ep 9 topwork+4 ,! top has be5 remov$1 z y notice1 & ! next slide %[s ! subsequ5t wat]-spr\ts :i* are lat] budd$4 ,! l[] bran*es 7 left 9 ! fir/ place to take up ! sap :ile ! new head 0 9 =mation4 ,!y h n[ be5 remov$4 ,our next po9t might be br\ght out 9 connection ) ?is slide4 ,"o ( ! typical1 sub-tropical /orms1 n unusual 9 ! ,gulf ,/ates1 swept ov] ?is area 9 ,septemb]1 j z ! nuts 7 beg9n+ to mature & defoliat$ ! trees & :ipp$ (f ! nuts4 ,! sap 0 /ill 9 circulation1 & ! v>ieties t respond mo/ readily to w>m wea!r1 t />t e>lie/ 9 ! spr+1 s5t out new leaves1 s t foliage 0 foliage t ought to h come on ! next ye>1 t is1 x 0 exhau/+ next ye>'s buds4 ,! same ye> ! tree s5t out its blossom buds1 s x _h no fruit ! foll[+ season4 ,?is slide %[s "o ( ! pe/s 9 ! pecan or*>d1 ! twig girdl]1 at "w4 ,! insect deposits its egg "u ! b>k up at ab\t t po9t1 !n goes d[n bel[ girdles ! twig1 & x breaks (f1 goes to ! gr\nd1 & ! insect comes out1 goes into ! gr\nd & comes out ! next season4 ,!re are a good _m drawbacks t are occurr+ & m are to be expect$ ! same z ) o!r fruit4 ,!re are probably no m setbacks to pecan gr[+ ?an !re are to ! gr[+ ( o!r fruit1 b ?is is "o ( ! ?+s4 ,?is or*>d 0 set 9 l& bord]+ ! ,fl9t ,riv] & at ! "t ?is picture 0 tak5 ! wat] /ood at ! dep? ( ?ree feet4 ,x probably did no h>m1 because x didn't /ay m ?an a week or t5 days4 ,sometimes x /ays long] & 9 su* cases x is a s]i\s matt]4 ,9 ,texas1 floods come up l t into ! bran*es ( ! trees1 s high 9 "s seasons aft] ! nuts are =m$1 t ! nuts det]iorate & fall to ! gr\nd4 ,9 su* cases x is a pretty s]i\s ?+4 7,applause47 ,! "t = :i* ! sc5ic 0 engag$ hav+ expir$1 ! delegates return$ to ! ,c\rt ,h\se & ! regul> program 0 resum$4 ,! ,*airman3 ,we w next he> f ,mr4 ,lake4 ,mr4 ,lake3 ,my topic1 aside f ! slides1 0 conc]n+ ! result ( ! "w at ,arl+ton ?is ye>4 ,x is all writt5 out b ,i don't propose to read ! pap] at ?is /age4 ,i h n be5 a tea*] & lectur] = #be ye>s = no?+1 & ,i don't propose to kill ! few fri5ds ,i h among nut gr[]s by talk+ !m to dea? :5 !y are hungry & want to see some?+ int]e/+4 ,i w s5d ?is pap] 9 due "t to ! secret>y1 & give way n[ to ,mr4 ,jones4 ,i did want to %[ y on ! slides a few illu/rations ( cross f]tilization betwe5 ! ,japanese & ! ,am]ican walnut1 b we w put ^? 9 engrav+s & put !m 9 ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,j\rnal1 s t y w see !m !re ) bett] satisfaction4 ,n[ "o or two words ab\t ^! ,p]sian walnuts4 ,^! are ea/]n gr[n se$l+s1 ! be/ t ,i h be5 able to pick out4 ,"h is an ,oregon gr[n nut4 ,t is ! ideal type = dess]t walnuts4 ,?is is ! ,meylan4 ,!re is only "o bett]1 & t is ! real ,mayette1 ( :i* we gr[ v few 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b we are gr[+ consid]able ( ! ,meylan4 ,:e!r we c gr[ ?is successfully "h or n1 ,i am n c]ta91 b x is well wor? try+4 ,! bett] type ( our nut se$l+s 9 ! ea/ are f ! ,p>isi5ne4 ,we mu/ get a nut some?+ l ?is t y c crack betwe5 y\r f+]s1 n "o t is seal$ s h>d t x requires a hamm]1 & mu/ get "o ) a v good quality ( meat4 ,"o great advantage to ! walnut gr[] 9 ! ,ea/ w be t he c get 8 crop on to ! ,?anksgiv+ m>ket1 :i* is ! cream ( ! m>ket--some?+ ! ,we/]n or ,european nut gr[] _c d4 ,s if we c gr[ a nut reasonably fair 9 quality we c expect excell5t results4 ,! ,*airman3 ,mr4 ,jones1 w y give u y\r po9ts n[8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,dr4 ,dem+ ye/]day ask$ me to give a little demon/ration ( graft+ & ,i h br\ght along a sort ( transplant$ nurs]y on a bo>d1 s t ,i might d s4 7,"h ,mr4 ,jones demon/rat$ me?ods ( graft+ ! pecan47 ,! ,*airman3 ,tell u ab\t ! wax clo?1 ,mr4 ,jones4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we use t ov] ! cut4 ,! ,*airman3 ,h[ d y make y\r wax clo?8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we take a roll ( ?is1 possibly ?ree or f\r y>ds long1 v ?9 musl91 roll x up & drop x 9 ! melt$ wax4 ,! ,*airman3 ,h[ d y make t wax8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we don't measure ! +r$i5ts1 b ,i ?9k x v>ies f f\r to six p\nd ( ros91 to "o p\nd ( beeswax & a tea cup full ( boil$ l9se$ oil & ab\t a tablespoon ( lamp black4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,:at d y use ! lamp black =1 ,mr4 ,jones8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,to t\gh5 ! wax s t x w n crack & s t x w adh]e bett]4 ,a ,memb]3 ,h[ d y get y\r excess ( wax (f ! clo?8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we j ?r[ ! rolls on a bo>d & press !m4 ,mr4 ,re$3 ,i believe y w\ld f9d x easi] to te> x up into /rips ?an to put x 9 rolls4 ,we h be5 us+ t me?od4 ,we ran %ort ( clo? & ,i w5t to t[n & got "s & tore (f a piece ab\t #h or #i y>ds long & fold$ x up into /rips t wide & dipp$ x 9 ! pure beeswax & press$ x on a bo>d & x 0 ready = "w4 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,i take j a common corn cob & w9d x on z y w\ld on a spool1 !n1 :ile ! wax is w>m1 ,i dip x 92 y c h ! clo? half an in* wide or an in* wide j z y please4 ,my way ( mak+ wax is1 ,i take two p\nds ( ros91 "o p\nd ( beeswax & half a p\nd ( tall[4 ,i f9d t /&s all k9ds ( wea!r4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,y pref] ! tall[8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,yes sir1 ,i d4 ,! ,*airman3 ,beef tall[ or mutton tall[8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,i pref] mutton tall[2 two p\nds ( ros91 "o ( beeswax & half a p\nd ( tall[4 ,!n y want to boil x v sl[ly & ?or\ghly1 & p\r x 9 cold wat]4 ,a ,memb]3 ,d y unroll ?is roll ( clo?8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,i h a ma*9e to turn x on j ! same z y w\ld on a spool4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,! /rip goes ?r\gh ! wax8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,no1 y w9d t1 !n :5 y\r wax is w>m1 y drop ?is 9 b secure ! ends1 !n take x out & lay x by till x's all saturat$2 !n ,i te> x (f z ,i use x4 ,i f9d t is ! mo/ conv5i5t ?+1 & ,i g5]ally get calico1 t is pretty closely wov51 b is rott5 s t x te>s easily4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,did y ev] use raffia = ty+ y\r grafts8 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,no sir1 ,i h n4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we h us$ x on pecans & walnuts = ! reason t x doesn't h to be unti$ z x bur/s (f ) ! gr[? ( ! tree4 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,?is wax ,i h tri$ on ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( grafts & x /&s all k9ds ( wea!r4 ,y c get wax t's be5 !re #h or #aj ye>s & y c take x (f n[ & use x4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,t is "o advantage ( us+ ! tall[2 l9se$ oil w dry out4 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,tall[ is ! be/2 t's be5 my exp]i5ce4 ,a ,memb]3 ,if l9se$ oil is n us$ imm$iately or v soon1 x gets h>d4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,x's all "r 9 wax & all "r 9 clo?1 too1 if y keep x 9 a damp place till ready to use4 ,mr4 ,hutt3 ,c y use p>af9e 9 place ( beeswax8 ,! ,*airman3 ,h y tri$ ?is me?od on ! o!r hickories besides ! pecans8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir4 ,! ,*airman3 ,y've got %agb>k to cat* fairly well1 h y by ?is me?od8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir4 ,! ,secret>y3 ,h[ did y\r pecans & hickories d la/ summ]8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,i've =gott5 ! exact p]c5tage t grew4 ,"s di$ aft] !y _h made a gr[? ( sev]al in*es4 ,i ?9k ,i left too _m limbs gr[+ on ! hickories4 ,"s ( !m made q good gr[?4 ,a ,memb]3 ,:5 is ?is k9d ( graft+ done8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we wait until ! sap is up4 ,! ,*airman3 ,:at d y cov] ! top )8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,) wax4 ,we leave ?is op5 at ! bottom1 = ! reason t ! sap c get out & n f]m5t4 ,if x holds ! sap1 x w s\r y "k4 ,! ,*airman3 ,h[ f> d[n does y\r wax g1 ,mr4 ,jones8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,f> en\gh to cov] up ! wrapp+4 ,a ,memb]3 ,does t "w on pecans z well z hickories8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir4 ,to %[ ! value ( ?is pat*1 we h graft$ r[s side by side & got #hj p] c5t :]e we us$ ?is pat* & #cd p] c5t :]e we wax$ x ov] solid & left no v5tilation or exit = ! sap4 ,a ,memb]3 ,isn't t to keep ! wax out ( ! cambium lay]8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir1 x does t too4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,are !re any f9e po9ts ab\t ?is trimm+1 o!r ?an m]e w$ge8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,no sir1 only x's ?ick on "o side1 z y w see s t x w$ges tightly4 ,a ,memb]3 ,isn't x a fact t y c use ?ree & f\r ye> pecan wood j z well8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir1 two ye> wood or ?ree w give y bett] results ?an "o ye>4 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,:at "t 9 ! season d y graft8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,! #bj? ( ,april to ! #bj? ( ,may "h4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,:at /age ( /ock d y pref]8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,well x doesn't matt]1 y c graft ^! aft] !y h made a foot ( new gr[?1 if y've got a good dormant scion2 y c\ld put 9 a graft any "t 9 ! summ]1 p]haps4 ,a ,memb]3 ,h[ long d y leave on ! pap] bags8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,until ! scion beg9s to gr[4 ,sometimes ,i h made a mi/ake & left !m on until !y grew up & curl$ d[n4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,:at is ! sup]iority ( t ov] pla9 cleft graft+8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,y c d bett] "w & d x quick]4 ,i h put 9 #abjj grafts 9 a day4 ,! ,*airman3 ,y don't m9d ?is ar* be+ left up8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,t ought to g a little deep]1 maybe1 b x don't make mu* diff]5ce1 s long z x is well wax$4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,! pap] bag protects ! scion8 ,mr ,jones3 ,yes sir4 ,! object is n to protect ! scion s mu* z to keep x dry4 ,y want to keep ! scion dry until x gets sap f ! /ock to />t x into gr[?4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,is x necess>y t ?is %\ld be wax$ clo?8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,no sir1 we use pap] ord9>ily1 ( c\rse we run wax ov] ! pap] 9 wax+ ! scion & !n ! pap] is z good z clo?4 ,col4 ,sob]3 ,d y f9d x apt to curl up 9 w9dy days--! pap]8 ,i tri$ t & _h all k9ds ( tr\ble until ,i got on to ! tape4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we don't try to tie ) ! pap]2 ! pap] is only to let ! surplus moi/ure or sap out4 ,a ,memb]3 ,does ?is t5d to hold t 9 or is x all held 9 by ! pat* !re8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,?is doesn't really ne$ any ty+1 z x is l>ge4 ,! ,*airman3 ,w\ld y c>ry ! pat* ar\nd to ! o!r side8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,no sir1 j fill x up ) wax4 ,! ,*airman3 ,& ! juice runs out ( !re & w escape anyway4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir4 ,a ,memb]3 ,d y wax 9 addition to ! pap] y put on8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we don't wax ! scion all ov]4 ,we us$ to take hot wax & run a ?9 lay] ov] ! :ole scion1 b we quit t & us$ ! bag1 because if y wax ov] a scion tight & x happ5s to h suffici5t moi/ure1 x w />t gr[? ) t moi/ure be=e x makes ! union4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,d y wax ! tip end8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,d y wax ?is 9 "h8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir2 we fill t ov] ) liquid wax4 ,x is possible to h y\r wax too hot1 & burn ! scion4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,h y f\nd t all ! species ( hickory take grafts ) equal ease8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we graft$ "s "h la/ spr+ t />t$ v nicely & !n di$4 ,i don't "k :e!r x 0 9 ! hickory /ock or :e!r !y 7 robb$ by ! spr\ts2 we didn't pull (f any spr\ts4 ,!re's a :ole lot ( ?+s we don't "k ab\t graft+ yet1 b w "k m 9 "t4 ,! ,*airman3 ,h[ ab\t us+ scion wood m ?an "o ye> old8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we pref] two or ?ree ye> old wood = ! scion4 ,we h com+ n[1 #c1jjj walnut scions f ,cali=nia & !y are all to be two & ?ree ye>s old4 ,i h put 9 r[s ( #ajj ) l>ge two ye> scions & y c\ld c\nt #ajj & n f9d "o dead among !m & "s ( ! scions 7 almo/ z big z my wri/4 ,x's a job to cut !m4 ,y see t scion1 be+ l>ge1 has en\gh vitality to hold x until x c make a union4 ,a ,memb]3 ,y want "o bud on ?is8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,we g5]ally h two buds4 ,a ,memb]3 ,d y use ! same me?od on ! ,p]sian walnut8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir2 we got a little /+y "o ye> & cut ^! all to "o bud & h>dly got any out ( !m4 ,y've got to h wood en\gh to hold ! scions dormant2 ( c\rse !re may be "o or m buds on ! scion4 ,! ,*airman3 ,& got to h food en\gh 9 !m4 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir4 ,col4 ,sob] grafts *e/nuts t way1 b ,i h nev] be5 able to graft pecans & walnuts ) v %ort scions4 ,! ,*airman3 ,i h caught *e/nuts ) "o bud1 b mo/ ( ! nut trees want m food & y've got to h a lot 9 ! scion4 ,pr(4 ,smi?3 ,h y us$ t ) pecans 9 ! ,nor?8 ,mr4 ,jones3 ,yes sir1 ?is w be our me?od ( propagation4 ,aft] ,mr4 ,jones _h giv5 fur!r illu/rations ( ! process ( graft+1 ! conv5tion adj\rn$4 ,,"s ,,p]sian ,,walnut ,,obs]vations1 ,,exp]im5ts ,,& ,,results ,,= #aiab ,e4 ,r4 ,,lake1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,! ,arl+ton "w = #aiab 9 ! propagation ( ! ,p]sian walnut consi/$ 9 top-graft+ ?ree & f\r ye> old nurs]y /ock by sev]al me?ods1 z ord9>y cleft1 side cleft1 b>k cleft1 prong1 :ip & modifi$ =ms ( ^!4 ,= wrapp+ we tri$ bicycle tape1 wax$ cord & clo?1 ) wax & pla/ic9e = cov]+4 ,! "w 0 done dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,april & fir/ "p ( ,may4 ,! /ocks av]ag$ f #c_/d to #a-a_/d in*es diamet]1 & 7 cut (f f #af to #cj in*es above ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,9 a few cases b>k graft+ by modifi$ :ip =m 0 p]=m$ ^u ! bran*es at a height ( ab\t #d feet4 ,lat] 9 ! season f ,june #ab? to ,augu/ #be? buds 7 plac$ by v>y+ me?ods4 ,9 ! e>li] in/ances ! buds 7 tak5 f left-ov] graft+ /ock4 ,( ! scion wood receiv$ la/ ye> all ! wood f ,ea/]n gr[]s 0 fro/ bitt5 & :olly fail$ to take ) "o or two exceptions4 ,! ,pacific ,coa/ wood 0 receiv$ 9 excell5t condition & op]ations ) x 7 gratify+1 especially ) ! ord9>y cleft graft1 & pat* bud4 ,next ye>'s "w 9 graft+ w be conf9$ to ! cleft1 & ! b>k-:ip processes4 ,?is latt] is v simple & "u c>eful treatm5t promises to be a conv5i5t & successful process4 ,9 ! budd+ op]ations we resort$ to a numb] ( me?ods l>gely = ! b5efit ( ! in=mation obta9$ f ! practice1 & n s mu* = ! returns 9 propagat$ trees4 ,h[ev]1 = #aiac 9 ! "w ( propagat+ = /ock results we %all conf9e our practice to ! pat* me?od1 ?\gh we may f9d f lat] te/s t ! h+e me?od s favorably look$ ^u by ,oregon is bett] suit$ to ! "w4 ,v>i\s exp]im5ts ) ty+ mat]ial 7 tri$4 ,raffia1 cotton cord1 wax$ clo? & bicycle tape 7 us$4 ,! raffia & cord gave be/ results4 ,a tight tie is ne$$4 ,june-budd+ f ! left-ov] graft-wood gave a v l[ p]c5tage ( takes4 ,mo/ ( ! buds appe>$ to be dr[n$4 ,buds f ! curr5t ye>'s gr[? ins]t$ f e>ly to middle ( ,augu/ are at pres5t app>5tly 9 good dormant condition4 ,"s ,july buds f ! left-ov] graft-wood plac$ 9 ! y\ng] bran*es ( a twelve ye> old ,am]ican black took well & made f ?ree to six in*es gr[?4 ,! bran*es 7 cut back z soon z ! buds appe>$ to be set1 a c\rse t w\ld n be advocat$ if "o 7 do+ ! "w = re-topp+4 ,! "y wood f ^! buds is delicate & s(t & 9 ord] to insure _! liv+ ?r\gh ! w9t]1 s f> z our ef=ts may avail1 !y h be5 enclos$ 9 /rong pap] bags4 ,9 our budd+ & graft+ op]ations we _h no success ) ! ,japanese or ,*9ese /ocks4 ,we expect to try !m fur!r z _! rapid gr[? makes !m mu* to be desir$ if a p]man5t union c be effect$4 ,s f> z we h be5 able to le>n f ! s\!rn propagators :o h work$ along ?is l9e1 no difficulty has be5 enc\nt]$ 9 effect+ a %ort-life union1--f\r to six ye>s on an av]age1 ?\gh a few h kept alive = twelve ye>s4 ,! gr[? ( ! successful grafts has be5 v v>iable4 ,9 sev]al in/ances 9 :i* bo? scions ^u a /ock grew1 ! gr[? 0 f two to ?ree feet4 ,9 o!r cases ! "y wood 0 sc>cely a foot long4 ,! fact t ! /ocks & scion-wood v>i$ widely 9 size & vigor & ! fur!r fact t ! scions 7 f sev]al v>ieties ( we/]n /ock are q suffici5t causes = no uni=m results 9 ?is respect4 ,! wood ( all successful grafts appe>s to be 9 excell5t condition = ! w9t] season & we are look+ =w>d to an int]e/+ fur!r gr[? ( ^! next ye>1 ?\gh ! trees h j be5 transplant$4 ,9 ord] to d\bly insure ourselves aga9/ loss ( ! v>ieties n[ gr[+ "o half1 or ev5 m 9 a few in/ances1 ( ! "y wood has be5 remov$ & plac$ 9 a cold room s t fur!r graft+ or budd+ ( ^! v>ieties may be made next ye>4 ,nurs]y trees ( ! ,franquette1 ,pom]oy1 ,p>isi5ne & unid5tifi$ o!rs1 on _! own roots are mak+ a pitiable ef=t at successful gr[?1 :ile all wood on ! black /ock is mak+ excell5t gr[?4 ,9 "o in/ance ! wood ( ,mayquette a cross betwe5 ,mayette & ,franquette =m$ two nutlets4 ,lack ( poll5 0 all t prev5t$ ! fruit+ ( "o-ye>-old graft$ trees4 ,a spl5did po9t = ! unit or*>d boo/]1 b a po9t ( no value to ! real walnut gr[]4 ,,cross ,,f]tilization ,ow+ to ! v vigor\s wea!r ( ! pa/ w9t] ! catk9s on ! old] ,p]sians at ,arl+ton ,f>m 7 kill$4 ,9 ord] to /udy ! conduct & product ( ^! trees we s\ght poll5 else:]e to f]tilize _! lib]al display ( pi/ils4 ,we 7 successful 9 obta9+ "s f ! trees ( ,messrs4 ,kill5 & ,rosa1 & ,miss ,lea1 b ?\gh ?is & "s poll5 ( black1 butt]nut & ! ,japanese 0 us$ no poll5ation 0 successful4 ,9 ! case ( sieboldiana1 h[ev]1 we succe$$ 9 secur+ :at appe>s to be fruit ( c]ta9 def9ite cross-f]tilization1 z sieboldiana x nigra2 sieboldiana x c9]ea & possibly sieboldiana x regia4 ,only 9 "o in/ance did ! nuts appe> to h o!r ?an ! usual *>act]s ( sieboldiana4 ,! nuts ( ! c9]ea cross 7 long]1 m tubul> & some:at deep] furr[$ & d>k]4 ,un=tunately "s conflict+ results 9 ! fruit+ ( ! sieboldiana places ! possible cross-fruits "u a cl\d4 ,a peculi>ity ( ! blossom+ ( ! sieboldiana at ,arl+ton ?is ye> 0 t ! /am5s & pi/ils ( an individual tree op5$ at dates ( six to t5 days ap>t1 & ) ! tree us$ = cross+ ! catk9s 7 all (f be=e ! pi/ils op5$4 ,z no two trees are ne> toge!r1 p]haps two to ?ree hundr$ feet be+ ! close/1 natural cross-poll5at+ 0 n expect$4 ,h[ev]1 aft] ! cross-poll5ations by h& 7 made & fruits set1 & ev5 matur$1 x 0 f\nd t "s clu/]s _h f "o to ?ree m nuts ?an 7 h& treat$4 ,_m ( ! clu/]s _h less nuts ?an ! numb] ( pi/ils treat$1 :i* 0 to be expect$4 ,b h[ to acc\nt = ! extra sets is a problem n cle> = x is possible t poll5ation might h occurr$ 9 "o ( two ways--by /ray poll5 gra9s f ! h& op]ations by w9d-c>ri$ gra9s f ! trees4 ,9 any ev5t only ! fruit+ ( ! trees f ! nuts "u consid]ation w settle x1 & z ^! h be5 plant$ we are on ! way to ! solution4 ,,! ,,indiana ,,pecans ,r4 ,l4 ,,mccoy1 ,,indiana ,! pecan is probably ! be/ nut t gr[s4 ,x belongs to ! hickory family :i* is indig5\s to ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,s9ce wat] is its natural di/ribut+ ag5t x is mo/ g5]ally f\nd gr[+ int]mix$ ) ! l>ge hickory nut or %agb>k 9 creek & riv] bottoms4 ,:ile ! hickory is h>dy en\gh to ?rive ev5 into ! ,canadian prov9ces ! pecan is n s h>dy & is seldom f\nd 9 ! nor!rn ti] ( /ates4 ,x ?rives well z f> nor? z ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,ill9ois4 ,! writ] has se5 a transplant$ tree 9 be>+ 9 ,bran* ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan1 & native trees along ! ,mississippi ,riv] ne> ! m\? ( ! ,wiscons94 ,! nuts 9 ! extreme nor!rn limit are n mu* l>g] ?an a hazel nut4 ,b ! nuts t gr[ 9 ,indiana & ,ill9ois f ! ,ohio ,riv] on ! s\? to ,rock ,isl& on ! nor?we/ & ,lafayette on ! nor!a/ are mu* l>g]4 ,"h are f\nd _m sup]ior nuts wor?y ( propagation4 ,9 fact1 ! writ] has be=e him a great _m nuts ( nam$ & un-nam$ v>ieties :i* he & ,mr4 ,littlepage & o!rs h discov]$ 9 _! se>* = wor?y nuts 9 ! native pecan woods4 ,!re are _m ?\s& acres ( ^! groves on ! ,ohio1 ,gre51 ,waba% & ,ill9ois riv]s :]e _m trees are f\nd :i* be> nuts z l>ge z "s ( ! v>ieties :i* are be+ propagat$ 9 ! ,gulf ,coa/ c\ntry4 ,! nuts ( ! ,evansville gr\p are especially not$ = _! f9e flavor4 ,! p ( ?is section w n eat s\!rn pecans if !y c get native nuts4 ,?is ye> sev]al c>loads ( ^! native wild nuts w be %ipp$ to ! ,clevel&1 ,bo/on1 & ,new ,york m>kets4 ,:ile ! f9] nuts seldom get into ! m>kets at all b are b\ght by weal?y m5 9 ! locality :]e !y gr[4 ,_m m5 buy f a special tree ye> aft] ye>--its flavor suit+ _! ta/e4 ,! yield f "s ( ^! l>g] trees 7& !re are _m ( !m f\r feet 9 diamet] & "s z l>ge z n9ete5 feet f\r in*es 9 circumf]5ce at %\ld] height7 is v good4 ,! writ] has se5 a numb] 9 ! la/ few days :i* 7 e/imat$ to h f f\r to six hundr$ p\nds1 ! mo/ ( ! crop hav+ n yet be5 ga!r$4 ,he kn[s ( "o tree :i* bore 7#ag7 sev5te5 bu%els & ,mr4 ,l\is ,hub] ( ,%awneet[n ga!r$ #gah p\nds f ano!r tree4 ,two hundr$ & eighty-five p\nds ( nuts 7 ga!r$ & weight$ f ! ,luce tree4 ,^! nuts 7 ga!r$ gre5 = fe> ( _! be+ /ol5 & x 0 e/imat$ t fifte5 p\nds 7 left on ! tree4 ,also t ! hail /orm 9 e>ly ,septemb] de/roy$ fifty 7#ej7 p\nds m4 ,h5ce ! ,luce bore approximately eight bu%els4 ,! ,k5tucky tree _h f\r & "o-half bu%els by measurem5t4 ,! ,w>rick tree _h1 ! be/ we c e/imate1 ab\t #aej p\nds4 ,! ,grayville1 or ,posey z ,mr4 ,littlepage wi%es to call x1 bore at lea/ two hundr$ p\nds by weight4 ,"o hundr$ & sixty p\nds 7 ga!r$ f ! ,major & two hundr$ & fifty p\nds f ! ,gre5 ,riv] tree4 ,we d n ?9k ! ,h9ton bore to exce$ two p\nds ( nuts4 ,we d n "k ! am\nt ( nuts ga!r$ f ! ,indiana & ! ,buss]on trees4 ,! ,buttrick tree _h "s ?ree or f\r bu%els ( nuts ?is ye> b z a dr$ge dit* 0 rec5tly con/ruct$ by x1 de/roy+ half ( its root sy/em1 x did n mature its crop4 ,?is tree has be5 9 be>+ s9ce #ahag & x has n be5 kn[n to miss a crop previ\s to ?is ye>4 ,9 our se>* = nuts wor?y ( be+ propagat$ we h f\nd sev]al nuts z yet un-nam$ t are 9 our op9ion mu* sup]ior to any nor!rn nut t has be5 br\ght to public notice4 ,b z we "k little ( _! be>+ record & d n wi% to burd5 ! nurs]ym5 ) too _m v>ieties we w keep ^! trees "u obs]vation = a ye> or two be=e nam+ !m4 ,we h be5 try+ to propagate "s ( ! be/ v>ieties at our nurs]y = ab\t ?ree ye>s4 ,our fir/ attempt 0 root-graft+ 9 :i* our success v>i$ f #ae p] c5t to #ge p] c5t "u ! be/ conditions4 ,we f\nd aft] "s exp]i5ce t x 0 n difficult to root-graft4 ,b la/ w9t]1 #aiaa-ab1 0 ! colde/ w9t] = "s ye>s1 ! !rmomet] regi/]+ z l[ z #bj degrees bel[4 ,mo/ ( our root-grafts 7 kill$ back to ! gr\nd b few if any ( !m 7 kill$ outright4 ,:5 spr+ came !y />t$ new gr[? & are n[ ab\t f\r feet high4 ,! fall ( #aiaa 0 v w>m & wet & !y 7 9 vigor\s gr[? until ! fir/ week 9 ,novemb] :5 we _h a h>d freeze :i* kill$ ! :eat1 caus+ ! wor/ failure 9 t crop ev] kn[n 9 ?is section4 ,! w9t] !n foll[+ be+ v cold we _h two conditions aga9/ spr+ root-graft$ pecans4 ,b we fail$ to see any budd$ ones t 7 injur$4 ,h[ev]1 we only _h pecans budd$ to hickory :i* 0 done by ,mr4 ,paul ,:ite 9 ,may1 #aiaa &1 s f> z we "k1 ?is 0 ! fir/ hickory top-work$ to pecan 9 ,indiana4 ,h[ev]1 he n[ has q a numb] top-work$ la/ spr+ t h made a gr[? ( ?ree or f\r feet4 ,we also h bo? budd$ & root-graft$ pecans f la/ spr+ & summ] s t 9 ! spr+ we w h a bett] opportunity to see :at effect ! w9t] w h on !m4 ,s f> z we are able to det]m9e f our obs]vation ( a few or*>ds all pecan trees b\ght f s\!rn nurs]ym5 & plant$ 9 ?is section h ei!r di$ out or made v feeble gr[?4 ,al?\gh "s l>ge ,texas nuts h be5 plant$ "h & gr[n1 yet !y h ei!r n fruit$ at all or ! nuts h prov$ no bett] ?an our native nuts4 ,! nor!rn pecan timb] is n bra% l ! s\!rn pecan b is v ela/ic & t\gh4 ,an axe-h&le made f nor!rn pecan sells = t5 c5ts m ?an "o made f hickory & pecan timb] is mu* s\ght aft] by axe-h&le mak]s4 ,! p 9 ?is section h 9 ! la/ few ye>s awak5$ to ! fact t _! swamps /udd$ ) pecan trees are ab\t ! mo/ valuable l&s !y possess & _m are ! inquiries3 ,:]e c we get good budd$ or graft$ pecans8 ,! idea ( propagat+ ! nor!rn pecan is ( v rec5t orig9 & :ile ! few attempts at propagation h n z yet met ) any v great success1 yet we are hop+ t ! "t w be :5 _m acres ( our l&s %all be set 9 valuable pecan or*>ds & our highways l9$ ) long r[s ( f9e pecans1 *e/nuts1 & ,engli% walnuts :i* %all s]ve ! ?ree-fold purpose ( beautify+ ,"m ,e>?1 yield+ delici\s food1 & furni%+ a place ( re/ = ! we>y travel]4 ,,app5dix ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y ,,& ,,treasur] ,bal4 on h&1 date ( la/ report #dh4gc ,annual dues & life memb]%ip #agh4jj ,adv]tisem5ts 9 ,annual ,report #be4jj ,sale ( report #ah4jj ,dr4 ,crock]1 paid = li/ ( names #b4jj ,pr(4 ,coll9s1 paid = repr9ts #h4jj ,total receipts #bgi4gc ,exp5ses3 ,exp5ses ( ,pr(4 ,coll9s #bj4he ,pr9t+ report & repr9ts #aie4af ,o!r pr9t+ #ch4jj ,po/age #ce4ge ,typewrit+ #af4bd ,/ation]y #d4ej ,miscellane\s #ad4cj ,total exp5ses #cbd4hj ,bill receivable #a4jj ,bill payable #bb4jj #cdf4hj #bhj4gc ,deficit #ff4jg ,our fir/ annual report1 embody+ ! transactions at ! fir/ & second annual meet+s1 0 issu$ 9 ,may1 & copies 7 s5t to all memb]s1 to ! pr9cipal libr>ies ( ! c\ntry1 to (ficials ( ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t at ,wa%+ton1 & to "s /ate agricultural (ficials1 to sev]al agricultural & o!r p]iodicals = notice & review1 & to v>i\s p]sons especially int]e/$4 ,eighte5 copies h be5 sold4 ,ab\t #a1jjj copies ( ea* ( ! two circul>s1 ,:y ,nut ,culture is ,important & ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association & ,:y ,y ,%\ld ,jo9 ,x1 h be5 s5t to memb]s & correspond5ts1 & also revis$ circul>s on ! lit]ature ( nut gr[+ & on se$sm5 & nurs]ym54 ,an illu/rat$ article ab\t nut gr[+ & ! association appe>$ 9 ! ,lit]>y ,dige/ & _m agricultural & o!r p]iodicals h _h notices ( our association & our meet+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,besides ! regul> notices s5t to memb]s & pap]s1 diff]5t notices & brief /atem5ts ab\t nut gr[+1 7 s5t weekly = five weeks be=e ! meet+ to #hj diff]5t newspap]s publi%$ 9 ! c\ntry ab\t ,lanca/] 9 ! hope ( gett+ a good local att5dance4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,*e/nut ,blight ,commission assi/$ 9 ?is publicity campaign by s5d+ po/al c>d notices to ab\t a hundr$ p]sons 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ,p5nsylvania :o 7 kn[n to h f a few to ?\s&s ( cultivat$ *e/nut trees4 ,! secret>y's correspond5ce has increas$ s z to become1 if x 7 n = en?usiasm1 burd5some4 ,(t5 sev]al inquiries a day are receiv$ & !y come f all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,! foll[+ figures are br\ght up to date ( go+ to press4 ,our memb]%ip has ne>ly d\bl$ s9ce ! la/ report 0 issu$1 increas+ f #fj to #aac4 ,we h lo/ #a memb] by dea? & #b by resignation4 ,our pres5t memb]%ip /&+ at #aaj4 ,we h memb]s 9 #bg /ates1 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,panama1 & ,canada4 ,new ,york heads ! li/ ) #cg memb]s & ,p5nsylvania comes next ) #ab4 ,,report ,,( ,,committee ,,on ,,resolutions ,,read ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,smi? ,,resolv$3 #a4 ,t we ext5d our ?anks to ! ,mayor & citiz5s ( ,lanca/] = ! welcome & ent]ta9m5t !y h af=d$ u :ile "h & = ! excell5t auditorium !y h plac$ at our disposal4 #b4 ,t we ext5d our ?anks to ,messrs4 ,ru% & ,jones & _! ent]ta9m5t committee4 #c4 ,t we ext5d our ?anks to ! ,p5nsylvania ,*e/nut ,tree ,blight ,commission = ! att5dance ( _! repres5tatives4 ,we note ) ke5 int]e/ _! expressions ( hope = ! control ( ?is cyclopean m5ace4 #d4 ,t we express our deep appreciation ( ! great int]e/ & valuable s]vices ( ,dr4 ,morris1 ! retir+ ,presid5t1 & ,dr4 ,dem+1 ! ,secret>y & ,treasur]1 two (fic]s to ^: untir+ ef=ts ?is ,association is l>gely due4 #e4 ,t we express ! ?anks ( ! ,association to ^? memb]s & o!rs :o h enri*$ ?is meet+ by _! int]e/+ exhibits4 #f4 ,t ! foll[+ lett] be s5t f ?is ,association to !1-- ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 ,p]sons 9 au?ority 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,! ,presid5ts ( ,agricultural ,colleges1 ,! ,directors ( ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ations1 ,& lead+ ,tea*]s 9 ,agriculture ,colleges4 ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association1 by resolution pass$ at its ?ird annual meet+1 held at ,lanca/]1 ,pa41 9 ,decemb] #aiab1 calls y\r att5tion to ! importance (1 & ne$ =1 ! bre$+ ( new types ( crop yield+ trees4 ,we n[ h ! possibility ( a new1 b z yet little develop$1 agriculture :i* may 7,a7 ne>ly d\ble our food supply & also 7,b7 s]ve z ! greate/ factor 9 ! cons]vation ( our res\rces4 7,a7 ,our agriculture at ! pres5t "t dep5ds *iefly ^u ! gra9s :i* 7 improv$ by selection 9 pre-hi/oric times1 because !y 7 annuals & quick yield]s4 ,! heavy yield+ plants1 ! eng9es ( nature1 are ! trees1 :i* h 9 mo/ cases rema9$ unimprov$ & l>gely unus$ until ! pres5t "t because ( ! sl[ness ( _! g5]ations & ! abs5ce ( k conc]n+ plant bre$+4 ,we n[ "k some?+ ab\t plant bre$+1 & its possibilities z appli$ to ! crop yield+ trees seem to be enorm\s4 ,!y c]ta9ly w>rant imm$iate & widespread ef=t at plant bre$+4 ,a memb] ( ?is ,association has %[n t ! *9quap9 c be cross$ ) ! oak2 t all ! walnuts freely hybridize ) ea* o!r & ) ! op5 bud hickories1 a class :i* includes ! too?some & pr(itable pecan4 ,!re is 9 ,cali=nia a tree :i* is consid]$ to be a cross betwe5 ! native walnut & ! live oak4 ,! ,m5delian ,law 9 connection ) pa/ a*ievem5ts 9 plant bre$+1 & ! exp]im5ts ( ,loeb 9 cross+ ! sea ur*9 & ! /> fi% are pr(\ndly sugge/ive4 ,! possibilities ( plant bre$+ z appli$ to crop yield+ trees seem to be enorm\s4 ,!y c]ta9ly w>rant imm$iate & widespread ef=t t[>d ! creation ( useful /ra9s :i* may become ! basis ( a new agriculture yield+ food = bo? man & ! dome/ic animals4 7,b7 ,! "t = con/ructive cons]vation has come4 ,our mo/ vital res\rce is ! soil4 ,x is possibly ! only res\rce = :i* !re is no sub/itute4 ,its de/ruction is ! mo/ irrep>able wa/e4 ,s long z ! e>? rema9s 9 place ! burnt =e/ may return & ! exhau/$ field may be re/or$ by sci5tific agriculture4 ,b once ! gully removes ?is soil1 x is ! end s f> z our civilization is conc]n$--=e/1 field & food are impossible & ev5 wat] p[] is greatly impair$4 ,our pres5t sy/em ( agriculture1 dep5d+ ^u ! gra9s1 dem&s ! pl[+ ( hillsides & ! hillsides wa% away4 ,?is pres5t dep5d5ce ^u ! pl[ means t "o-?ird ( our soil res\rces is us$ only = =e/1 "o-?ird is be+ injur$ by hillside erosion1 & only "o-?ird1 ! levele/1 is be+ prop]ly us$ = pl[ crops4 ,! pres5t alt]native ( ,=e/ry = hillsides is (t5 impossible because ! yields are too meagre4 ,almo/ any l& t c produce a =e/1 & mu* t has be5 consid]$ too dry = =e/1 c produce an annual h>ve/ ( value to man or 8 animals :5 we h devot$ suffici5t att5tion to ! bre$+ ( walnuts1 *e/nuts1 pecans1 %ellb>ks1 acorn yield+ oaks1 bee* nuts1 p9e nuts1 hazel nuts1 almonds1 honey locu/1 mesquite1 screw bean1 c>ob1 mulb]ry1 p]simmon1 pawpaw1 & _m o!r fruit & nut trees ( ?is & o!r l&s4 ,! sl[ness & exp5se ( ! process ( plant introduction & tree bre$+ limits ?is "w to a few individuals ) pati5ce & sci5tific ta/es & to gov]nm5tal & o!r in/itutions ( a p]man5t nature4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t & ea* /ate exp]im5t /ation %\ld pu% ?is "w vigor\sly & we appeal to y to use y\r influ5ce 9 t direction4 ,y may f9d mat]ial ( int]e/ 9 our publi%$ proce$+s & 9 ! ,fruit & ,nut ,j\rnal1 ! organ ( ! indu/ry1 publi%$ at ,pet]sburg1 ,virg9ia4 ,,report ,,( ,,committee ,,on ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,pr(essor ,,john ,,craig ,read by ,dr4 ,morris ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association suff]$ v great loss 9 ! dea? ( ,pr(essor ,john ,craig1 at ,siasconset1 ,massa*usetts1 on ,augu/ #aj1 #aiab4 ,pr(essor ,craig1 f 8 _m responsible positions 9 ! horticultural _w1 _h acquir$ a weal? ( in=mation :i* 0 always at ! disposal ( 8 fri5ds & /ud5ts4 ,8 tra9+ z a tea*] gave su* facility 9 expression ( view1 t 8 "p 9 our discussions inspir$ ! audi5ce & call$ =? ! be/ t o!rs _h to (f]4 ,8 type ( m9d 0 ess5tially sci5tific1 & comb9$ ) ?is type ( m9d !re 0 a r>e quality ( critical faculty 9 relation to ! relative practical values ( horticultural ideas & me?ods4 ,8 int]e/ 9 ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association belong$ to a natural fondness = ev]y?+ t promis$ new developm5t1 & he e/abli%$ at ,cornell ,univ]sity ! fir/ c\rse 9 nuciculture1--s f> z we are aw>e1--t has ev] be5 =mulat$ at an educational in/itution4 ,! p]sonality ( ,pr(essor ,craig1 *>act]i/ic ( t ( ! sci5ti/1 0 m>k$ by simplicity & directness ( mann]1 impati5ce ) error due to c>elessness or int5t1 b unlimit$ b5ign tol]ance ( all m5 :o hone/ly express$ views oppos+ 8 own or :o made consci5ti\s mi/akes4 ,pr(essor ,craig possess$ t broad humanity :i* f\nd q z l>ge int]e/ 9 8 fell[ man z x f\nd 9 8 special /udy ( plants1 & 8 *>m+ p]sonality1 /rong manly be>+1 s*ol>%ip1 & active int]e/ 9 :atev] engag$ 8 att5tion at all1 w be ev] rememb]$ by ^? ( u :o _h ! pleasure & ! pr(it ( 8 acqua9tance4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 ,i w\ld j l to say1 9 connection ) ! v appropriate & excell5t words :i* ! ,presid5t us$ 9 ref]5ce to ,pr(4 ,craig1 t x c]ta9ly meets ! mo/ he>ty approval ( all ( u :o knew ,pr(4 ,craig1 t ?is association g on record 9 ?is mann]4 ,at ! fir/ meet+ t 0 held1 by ! few ( u :o met 9 ,bronx ,p>k ,museum at ,new ,york1 to />t ?is organization1 y w rememb] ! en?usiasm & ! words ( enc\ragem5t t ,pr(4 ,craig gave u at t "t4 ,he 0 !re among ! fir/ & !re 0 always int]m+l$ ) ! sci5tific phase ( ! subjects t he discuss$1 ! practical1 g5ial good fell[%ip t made ev]yone l him2 & aft] all1 x is b prop] t we /op = a mom5t & express our deep appreciation4 ,9 ?is life ( turmoil & bus9ess hu/le1 ,i ?9k t we sometimes d n q realize ! %ortness ( life1 ! %ortness ( ! "t t we h to accompli% any ( ^? ?+s 9 :i* we are int]e/$2 & x is ! m5 :o are giv+ _! "t to ^! sci5tific subjects1 ! results ( :i* w inure to all humanity1 :o are c]ta9ly entitl$ to consid]ation & a k9dly remembrance4 ,t is :y x 0 t ,i he>d ) su* gratification ! words ( ! ,presid5t ab\t ,pr(4 ,craig4 ,,report ,,( ,,committee ,,on ,,exhibits ,read by ,pr(essor ,hutt ,by ,j4 ,g4 ,ru%1 ,we/ ,will[1 ,pa4 ,p]sian walnuts1 f\r v>ieties3 ,hall1 ,burl+ton1 ,nebo1 ,ru%2 plate ( mix$1 import$ v>ieties2 ,se$l+ walnuts1 ,p>adox walnut1 black walnuts & rupe/ris1 7,texas72 two plates ,*9quap9s2 *e/nuts1 ,giant ,japanese2 %ellb>ks3 ,la,feuore1 v good1 l>ge1 ,weik]1 fair2 two se$l+s3 ,p>adise nut2 two plates filb]ts2 ,lanca/] ,co4 pecans2 budd+ knives4 ,by ,wilm] ,p4 ,hoop]1 ,=e/ ,hill1 ,md4 ,se$l+ ,p]sian ,walnut2 ,sir ,clair2 tree probably fifty ye>s old1 vigor\s1 h>dy1 annual be>]4 ,on f>ms ( ,l4 ,j4 ,onion1 ,coop]/[n1 ,md4 ,p4 ,o4 ,%>on1 ,md4 #aiaa crop "o bu%el2 #aiab crop "o & "o half bu%els4 ,alexis2 tree tw5ty-eight ye>s old2 vigor\s1 h>dy1 annual be>]1 flavor good4 ,f>m ( ,alexis ,smi?1 ,*ur*ville1 ,md4 ,crop #aiaa "o bu%el2 crop #aiab "o bu%el4 ,%effield2 tree six ye>s old2 b\ght ( ,hoopes ,bro!rs ,?omas2 h>dy1 vigor\s2 #f to #ah feet high2 on f>m ( ,mrs4 ,s4 ,t4 ,poleet1 ,coop]ton1 ,md41 ,p4 ,o4 ,%>on1 ,md4 ,smi?2 tree =ty to =ty-five ye>s old2 l>ge1 h>dy2 on f>m ( ,j4 ,t4 ,smi?1 ,b]keley1 ,md4 ,b$]2 fifty to fifty-five ye>s old2 l>ge1 annual be>]2 gr[n f nut on f>m ( ,david ,hildt1 ,janettsville1 ,md4 ,hook]2 tree tw5ty-two ye>s old2 orig9 ,frankl9 ,davis2 vigor\s1 h>dy1 annual be>]1 h>d %ell1 f9e butt]nut flavor2 f f>m ( ,mrs4 ,kate ,hook]1 ,vale1 ,md4 ,by ,mr4 ,knaub4 ,%ellb>ks1 five v>ieties3 ?ree black walnuts1 two butt]nuts2 "o *e/nut4 ,by ,mrs4 ,j4 ,l4 ,lovett1 ,emilie1 ,pa4 ,six v>ieties ( ,p]sian walnuts4 ,by ,e4 ,b4 ,hold51 ,hilton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hold5 walnut4 ,/ock ,se$ ,nuts f ,j4 ,m4 ,?orborn ,co41 #cc ,b>clay ,/41 ,new ,york ,city4 ,juglans ,cali=nica1 ,juglans cordi=mis1 ,juglans ,sieboldi1 ,juglans nigra1 ,juglans c9]ea1 ,juglans s95sis1 ,c>ya alba 7%ellb>k71 ,c>ya porc9a 7pignut71 ,c>ya tom5tosa 7mock]nut71 ,c>ya sulcata1 ,corylus ro/rata1 ,corylus am>a1 ,ca/anea ,am]icana4 ,by ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl1 ,alton1 ,ill4 ,a plate ( ,ro*e/] nuts & ?irty se$l+s ( x1 %[+ t5d5cy to rev]sion2 eight v>ieties ( %agb>k2 eight v>ieties ( %ellb>k2 eight plates ( ,sieboldi2 eight plates black walnuts 7,?omas72 ,ru% ,*9quap94 ,collection ( walnuts by ,pr(essor ,lake1 ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,royal ,hybrid1 ,cali=nia x nigra2 ,p>adox1 ,cali=nia x regia2 ,meylan1 ,glady1 ,syph]d1 ,/abl]1 ,milbank1 ,/4 ,clair4 ,by ,a4 ,c4 ,pom]oy1 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,pom]oy walnuts & se$l+s ( ! orig9al tree4 ,by ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,indiana pecans1 six v>ieties3 ,w>wick1 ,posey1 ,major1 ,k5tucky1 ,indiana1 ,hodge2 ,h9ton1 ,mc,callister hican1 ,b>nes walnut f ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 f\r v>ieties %agb>k4 ,by ,w4 ,c4 ,re$1 ,v9c5nes1 ,ind4 ,indiana pecans1 ?irte5 v>ieties3 ,luce1 ,be>d1 ,buss]on1 ,port]1 ,squires1 ,k5tucky1 ,hall1 ,sullivan 7#b71 ,w>wick1 ,indiana1 ,wilson4 ,by ,col4 ,c4 ,k4 ,sob]1 ,lewisburg1 ,pa4 ,photograph ( 8 *e/nut or*>d & nurs]y4 ,by ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,exhibition j>s ( ,hold5 walnut1 ,w>wick pecan1 ,k5tucky pecan1 ,luce pecan1 ,hales %agb>k1 ,kirtl& %agb>k1 ,weik] %agb>k4 ,exhibition ( ,squirrel1 ,p]fection & ,great ,grip nut crack]s2 ,:ite1 ,jones & ,galbrea? budd+ tools4 ,by ,arr[field ,nurs]ies1 ,pet]sburg1 ,va4 ,se$l+ pecan trees4 ,,! ,,hickory ,,b>k ,,bor] ,t our correspond5ce ) ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,commission] ( ,agriculture1 z publi%$ 9 ! annual report1 has borne fruit is %[n by ! call+ ( a conf]5ce at ! (fice ( ! ,commission] at ,albany on ,febru>y #bd?1 to consid] me?ods ( control ( ! hickory b>k bor]4 ,among ^? pres5t 7 ! foll[+3 ,fr$]ick ,alli51 repres5t+ ,riv]dale ,p>k ,association4 ,h4 ,w4 ,m]kel1 ,=e/]1 ,new ,york ,zoological ,p>k2 repres5t+ ,bronx1 ,valley ,p>kway ,commission4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,murrill1 ,act+ ,director1 ,new ,york ,botanical ,g>d54 ,j4 ,j4 ,levison1 ,=e/]1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,p>ks1 ,brooklyn4 ,wesley ,b4 ,lea*1 ,consult+ ,arboriculturi/1 ,boro ( ,que5s4 ,clif=d ,r4 ,pettis1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,/ate ,=e/s1 ,albany4 ,dr4 ,e4 ,p4 ,felt1 ,/ate ,entomologi/1 ,albany4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+1 ,sec41 ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,ass'n1 ,we/*e/]4 ,george ,g4 ,atwood1 ,*ief1 ,bureau ( ,horticulture1 ,/ate ,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 ,albany4 ,b4 ,d4 ,van ,bur51 ,assi/ant ,*ief4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,jordan1 ,director1 ,/ate ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,g5eva4 ,george ,l4 ,b>rus1 ,cons]vation ,commission1 ,albany4 ,s4 ,h4 ,burnham1 ,assi/ant ,/ate ,botani/1 ,albany4 ,dr4 ,donald ,r$dick1 ,pr(essor ( ,plant ,pa?ology1 ,college ( ,agriculture1 ,i?aca4 ,gl5n ,w4 ,h]rick1 ,pr(essor ( ,entomology1 ,college ( ,agriculture1 ,i?aca4 ,w4 ,h4 ,rank91 ,cons]vation ,commission1 ,albany4 ,p4 ,j4 ,p>rott1 ,entomologi/1 ,/ate ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,g5eva4 ,f4 ,c4 ,/ew>t1 ,botani/1 ,/ate ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,g5eva4 ,aft] a prolong$ discussion ! foll[+ resolution 0 unanim\sly adopt$3 ,,:]eas1 ! hickory b>k bor] is at pres5t extremely injuri\s & de/ructive to hickory trees 9 & ar\nd ,new ,york ,city1 & has already de/roy$ & is ?reat5+ ! de/ruction ( ?\s&s ( valuable trees2 & ,,:]eas1 x has be5 demon/rat$ 9 sev]al in/ances1 on a l>ge scale1 t ! hickory b>k bor] c be practically controll$2 !re=e1 be x ,,resolv$1 t we h]eby respectfully reque/ ! commission] ( agriculture to take su* /eps z may be necess>y to br+ ab\t ! en=cem5t ( ! provisions ( ! agricultural law relative to insect pe/s & diseases ) p>ticul> ref]5ce to control ( ! hickory b>k bor]2 & be x fur!r ,,resolv$1 t ! ?anks ( ! conf]5ce are h]eby t5d]$ to ,commission] ( ,agriculture ,huson = 8 c\rtesies & ! call+ ( ! conf]5ce4 ,! foll[+ ,news ,items ( no date1 b receiv$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,june1 %[s :at action has s f> be5 tak53 ,,/ate ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,news ,items ,commission] ,huson ( ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture is receiv+ consid]able in=mation relative to a s]i\s outbreak ( ! hickory b>k bor] 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york & on ,long ,isl&4 ,?is bor] is ! pr9cipal cause ( ! dea? ( ?\s&s ( hickory trees4 ,! greate/ infe/$ area is 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,new ,york ,city1 9 ,we/*e/] ,c\nty1 9 ,que5s & ,nassau ,c\nties1 ?\gh mu* injury has be5 obs]v$ ?r\gh\t ,suffolk ,c\nty1 p>ticul>ly along ! nor!rn %ore ( ! isl&4 ,! area ( infe/$ hickories is ab\t ! same z ! t]ritory :]e ! *e/nut trees h succumb$ to ! attacks ( ! *e/nut b>k disease4 ,n[ t ! *e/nuts h s ne>ly disappe>$ & ! fact t ! hickory trees are also ?reat5$ ) entire ext]m9ation because ( ! hickory bor]1 reque/s h be5 made by _m citiz5s1 t ! ,commission] ( ,agriculture %\ld ex]cise su* au?ority z ! law gives him 9 ! control ( ?is pe/4 ,t ! hickory trees t h n be5 attack$ may be sav$1 or 9 a v l>ge measure protect$ has be5 prov5 9 ! ,zoological ,p>k & 9 ! p>ks ( ,brooklyn4 ,! able sup]9t5d5ts ( ^! two p>ks h = ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s1 be5 cutt+ out e infe/$ hickory tree & 9 t way ! o!r trees are f\nd at ?is "t to be free f insects & !y h be5 sav$ f c]ta9 de/ruction4 ,! hickory bor] eats its way into ! b>k ( ! hickory trees 9 mid-summ]4 ,eggs are laid :i* hat* & ! grubs fe$ 9 peculi> gall]ies 9 ! b>k & betwe5 ! wood & ! b>k is su* a way z to cut (f ! fl[ ( ! sap1 ?us caus+ ! dea? ( ! trees4 ,^! grubs are 9 ^! gall]ies at ?is "t ( ! ye> & w rema9 s until ab\t ! middle ( ,june4 ,x is1 !re=e1 necess>y t ! infe/$ trees be cut & de/roy$ be=e t "t 9 ord] to prev5t fur!r widespread ( ! insects4 ,! ,commission] has be5 promis$ ! he>ty coop]ation ( _m influ5tial & int]e/$ citiz5s 9 ?is movem5t & ag5ts ( ?is ,dep>tm5t are on ! gr\nd ) au?ority to inspect trees to asc]ta9 ! limit ( infe/ation & !y h be5 direct$ to m>k su* trees z %\ld be remov$ & de/roy$ at once4 ,all p]sons are reque/$ to in=m ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! location ( infe/$ hickory trees & to ext5d to ! inspectors su* assi/ance z may be desir$4 ,dep>tm5t ,circul> ,numb] #fd on ,dy+ ,hickory ,trees w be s5t to all applicants4 ,,calv9 ,j4 ,,huson1 ,commission] ( ,agriculture ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,miscellane\s ,,notes ,memb]s pres5t3 ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,mr4 ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+ ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$ ,mr4 ,w4 ,n4 ,rop] ,pr(4 ,e4 ,r4 ,lake ,mr4 ,e4 ,s4 ,mayo ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,pom]oy ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,ru% ,col4 ,c4 ,a4 ,van ,duzee ,pr(4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi? ,pr(4 ,w4 ,n4 ,hutt ,mr4 ,g4 ,h4 ,corsan ,mr4 ,c4 ,s4 ,ridgway ,mr4 ,h4 ,n4 ,g[+ ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,re$ ,mr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,mc,sparren4 ,o!rs pres5t3 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$ ,mrs4 ,a4 ,c4 ,pom]oy ,mrs4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,mrs4 ,c4 ,s4 ,ridgway ,pr(4 ,f4 ,n4 ,fagan1 ,dept4 ( ,horticulture1 ,/ate ,college ( ,p5nsylvania ,mrs4 ,fagan ,mr4 ,roy ,g4 ,pi]ce1 ,tree ,surgeon1 ,p5n4 ,*e/nut ,blight ,commission ,mr4 ,kell] ,e4 ,rockey1 ,=e/] 9 ,*>ge ( ,demon/ration ,"w1 ,p5n4 ,*e/nut ,blight ,commission ,col4 ,c4 ,k4 ,sob]1 ,lewisburg1 ,pa4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,v4 ,wilcox1 ,rep4 ,?os4 ,meehan ,sons1 ,g]mant[n ,mr4 ,h4 ,br[n1 ,rep4 ,?os4 ,meehan ,sons1 ,g]mant[n ,mr4 ,wilm] ,p4 ,hoopes1 ,=e/ ,hill1 ,md4 ,dr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,metzg]1 ,mill]sville1 ,pa4 ,mr4 ,amos ,m4 ,l&is1 ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,mr4 ,blair ,funk1 ,pequea ,creek1 ,pa4 ,mr4 ,david ,s4 ,h]r1 ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,h>ris1 ,sr41 ,cumb]l&1 ,md4 ,mr4 ,edg> ,a4 ,weim]1 ,lebanon1 ,pa4 ,mr4 ,b5j4 ,h4 ,go*nau]1 ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,g4 ,reese1 ,elizabe?t[n1 ,pa4 ,& o!rs4 ,,correspond5ts ,,& ,,o!rs ,,int]e/$ ,,9 ,,nut ,,culture ,,alabama ,williams1 ,p4 ,f41 ,pr(4 ( ,horticulture1 ,ala4 ,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 ,auburn ,alabama ,f>m ,j\rnal1 ,montgom]y1 ,ala4 ,,arizona ,bi$]man1 ,c4 ,r41 ,g>ces1 ,co*ise ,co4 ,huntz+]1 ,h4 ,g41 ,tevi/on ,rodg]s1 ,robt4 ,a41 ,=e/ ,s]vice1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept1 ( ,agric1 ,canille ,,arkansas ,wilson1 ,b4 ,n41 ,pr(4 ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]+1 ,univ4 ( ,ark41 ,fayetteville ,p[]s1 ,r4 ,c1 #dad ,s4 ,tru/ ,bldg41 ,little ,rock1 ,ark4 ,,cali=nia ,mc,neil1 ,anna1 #baed ,c5t] ,/41 ,b]keley ,bak]1 ,w4 ,a41 ,gre5field ,leon>d ,coates ,nurs]y ,co41 ,morgan ,hill ,smi?1 ,r4 ,e41 ,agric ,exp4 ,/a41 ,:itti] ,burbank1 ,lu!r1 ,santa ,rosa ,,canada ,cleugh1 ,h4 ,h41 ,ca/leg>1 ,briti% ,columbia ,secord1 ,h>p]1 ,/4 ,ca!r9's1 ,ont>io ,port]1 ,w4 ,t41 #aebj ,/4 ,clair ,ave41 ,toronto ,sag]1 ,d4 ,s41 ,dr41 ,brant=d ,moyle1 ,h5ry1 #hd ,b$=d ,road1 ,toronto ,ross1 ,malcolm ,n41 ,dept4 ,public ,works1 ,reg9a1 ,saskat*ewan ,saund]s ,co41 ,w4 ,e41 ,london1 ,ont>io ,hubbell1 ,w4 ,s41 ,spani% ,riv] ,lumb] ,co41 ,little ,curr5t1 ,ont>io ,pet]s1 ,e4 ,w41 #gdb ,som]set ,bldg41 ,w9nepeg ,graham1 ,wm41 ,hag5sburg1 ,briti% ,columbia ,,colorado ,bell1 ,bessie1 ,miss1 #aef ,s4 ,%]man1 ,d5v] ,morgan1 ,j4 ,w41 ,dr41 #he ,s4 ,p5n4 ,ave41 ,d5v] ,,connecticut ,clevel&1 ,e4 ,s41 ,hampton ,buttn]1 ,j4 ,l41 ,dr41 #gfc ,orange ,/reet1 ,new ,hav5 ,jewell1 ,h>vey1 ,cromwell ,gorham1 ,fr$]ick ,s41 #dh ,holmes ,ave41 ,wat]bury ,j5k9s1 ,e4 ,h41 ,agric4 ,exp4 ,/a41 ,new ,hav5 ,spr+1 ,sam4 ,n41 ,/ate ,=e/]1 ,new ,hav5 ,pratt1 ,c4 ,m41 ,newt[n ,hale1 ,geo4 ,h41 ,mrs41 ,gla/onbury ,miles1 ,h4 ,s41 ,dr41 #dag ,/ate ,/41 ,bridgeport ,ives1 ,e4 ,m41 ,/]l+ ,or*>ds1 ,m]id5 ,cook1 ,h>ry ,b41 ,orange1 ,ct4 ,all51 ,g4 ,wil=d1 ,m4,d41 ,bo>dman1 ,ct4 ,smi?1 ,geo4 ,w41 ,elm ,fruit ,f>m1 ,h>t=d ,lane1 ,w4 ,s41 ,norfolk ,w]le1 ,jos4 ,a41 ,m]w9's ,bea*1 ,mil=d ,williamson1 ,rob]t1 ,gre5wi* ,/auff]1 ,w4 ,f41 ,no4 #ha ,s4 ,burritt ,/41 ,new ,brita9 ,boyd1 ,wm4 ,a4 ,dr41 ,we/port ,lewis1 ,elm] ,h41 ,c5tral ,village ,fro?+ham1 ,*ann+1 ,new ,canaan ,flet*]1 ,alb]t ,e41 ,box #fg1 ,f>m+ton ,morre1 ,r4 ,d41 ,col*e/] ,wolcott1 ,c4 ,b41 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #ci1 ,plantsville ,,delaw>e ,kill51 ,j4 ,w41 ,felton ,mc,cue1 ,c4 ,a41 ,pr(41 ,new>k ,c[gill1 ,l4 ,p41 ,dov] ,cannon1 ,miss ,lida1 ,dov] ,kosa1 ,j4 ,j41 ,mil=d ,syph]d1 ,c4 ,d41 ,dov] ,:itehead1 ,f4 ,h\/on1 ,l9coln ,/udte1 ,m4 ,h41 ,h\/on ,knipe1 ,t4 ,e41 ,delaw>e ,city ,dunn1 ,?os4 ,f41 ,dov] ,webb1 ,wesley1 ,dov] ,,florida ,simpson ,bros4 ,nurs]ies1 ,monticello ,curtis1 ,j4 ,b41 ,orange ,heights ,floyd1 ,w4 ,l41 ,pr(4 ( ,horticulture1 ,univ]sity ( ,florida1 ,ga9esville ,baldw91 ,ed4 ,s41 ,de,land ,,georgia ,wight1 ,j4 ,b41 ,cairo ,wilson1 ,j4 ,f41 ,dr41 ,waycross ,mc,hatton1 ,t4 ,h41 ,pr(4 ( ,horticulture1 ,a!ns ,edw>ds1 ,b4 ,h41 ,macon1 ,ga4 ,s\!rn ,rurali/1 ,atlanta ,,idaho ,v9c5t1 ,c4 ,c41 ,pr(41 ,college ( ,agriculture1 ,mosc[ ,ack]man1 ,w4 ,b41 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #ahd1 ,tw9 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,no4 #hcrd ,/4 #bd? ,ave41 ,b5sonhur/ ,mills1 ,w4 ,m41 ,no4 #cig ,g\ndry ,/41 ,n4 ,t[&a ,sullivan1 ,w>r51 ,no4 #dd ,morn+side ,drive ,sweiz]1 ,k>l1 ,no4 #dj ,ex*ange ,place ,%ook1 ,f4 ,m41 ,dept4 ( ,tropical ,m$ic9e ,r&olph1 ,lewis ,c41 ,no4 #ceg ,delaw>e ,ave4 ,riley1 ,r4 ,m41 ,g>d5 ,city ,rog]s1 ,g4 ,m41 ,apt4 #dd4 ,no4 #fje #add? ,/4 ,williams ,co41 ,r4 ,c41 ,fulton ,s\? ,/s4 ,turn]1 ,fr$4 ,c41 ,r4,f4,d4 ,no4 #g1 ,box #aae1 ,s*5ectady ,tu?ill1 ,w4 ,c41 ,no4 #bde ,wat] ,/4 ,san=d1 ,a4 ,e41 ,no4 #ah ,b[man ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,smi?1 ,h[>d ,k41 ,no4 #cbc ,web/] ,ave41 ,brooklyn ,hewitt1 ,r41 ,ardsley on ,hudson ,evans1 ,j4 ,c41 ,lockport ,hess+]1 ,m4 ,a41 ,no4 #ajb ,we/ #ajb;d ,/4 ,wetbeck1 ,j4 ,b41 ,c>e ( ,worce/] ,salt ,co41 ,no4 #ga ,no4 #gc ,murray ,/4 ,scott1 ,?omas ,c41 ,no4 #cgb ,*5ango ,/41 ,b+hamton ,dye1 ,walt] ,a41 ,g>d5 ,city ,ellison1 ,e4 ,t41 ,no4 #abgb ,jeff]son ,ave41 ,brooklyn ,br[n1 ,c>l ,w41 ,ripley1 ,*autauqua ,co4 ,t]an1 ,t4 ,mrs41 ,hotel ,calv]t1 ,new ,york ,city ,p[]1 ,alice ,b41 ,miss1 ,no4 #bjc ,/4 ,paul ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,banks1 ,e4 ,m41 ,no4 #cdb ,we/ #de? ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,&]son1 ,bryon ,wall1 ,no4 #gi ,frankl9 ,ave41 ,new ,ro*elle ,mesn]1 ,e4 ,d41 ,no4 #cd ,c>lton ,/41 ,buffalo ,gawey1 ,g]ald1 ,no4 #cdg ,w4 #ai? ,/4 ,mayn>d1 ,a4 ,r41 ,wat]loo ,johnson1 ,m41 ,no4 #edj ,w4 #adf? ,/4 ,/rawn1 ,t4 ,c41 ,no4 #cee ,w4 #ee? ,/4 ,bruce1 ,w4 ,rob]t1 ,brick ,*ur* ,in/itute1 ,ro*e/] ,br\ghton1 ,l4 ,d41 ,no4 #cjd ,lewis ,ave41 ,brooklyn ,ouil%an1 ,h4 ,w41 ,n4 ,e4 ,cor4 #abe? ,/4 & #h? ,ave41 ,bi%op ,build+1 ,rooms #bjg-baj1 ,new ,york ,city ,wadswor?1 ,m4 ,a41 ,no4 #dbc ,e4 #d? ,/41 ,brooklyn ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a ,blair1 ,wm4 ,a41 ,v4 ,p4 ,p's ,nat4 ,bank1 ,w9/on-,salem ,,ohio ,wise1 ,p41 ,maumee ,s*uh1 ,l4 ,h41 ,columbus ,ri*1 ,e4 ,l41 ,no4 #cjfc ,edgehill ,road1 ,clevel& ,heights1 ,clevel& ,neff1 ,w4 ,n41 ,m>tel ,mc,ewen1 ,w ,j41 ,no4 #gee ,wilson ,ave41 ,columbus ,mill]1 ,wm41 ,gypsum ,m>%all1 ,rob]t1 ,no4 #bc ,holli/] ,/41 ,c9c9nati ,longswor?1 ,i4 ,r41 ,lima ,kis]1 ,frank ,a41 ,fremont ,goetz1 ,c4 ,h41 ,columbus ,dra9e1 ,f4 ,j41 #bdaa ,detroit ,ave41 ,tol$o ,co*ran1 ,j4 ,h41 ,napoleon ,bundy1 ,c4 ,c41 ,no4 #acef ,mt4 ,v]non ,ave41 ,columbus ,p5rod1 ,a4 ,m41 ,camp ,*ase ,po/on1 ,e4 ,m41 ,presid5t1 ,new ,york ,coal ,co41 ,columbus ,rodg]s1 ,a4 ,s41 ,spr+field ,gas ,eng9e ,co41 ,spr+field ,jeff]s1 ,f4 ,a41 ,monroe ,bank ,build+1 ,woodsfield ,k5n$y1 ,c4 ,s41 ,no4 #dab ,monroe ,/41 ,ea/ ,liv]pool ,craw=d ,co41 ,m41 ,cuyahoga ,falls ,hoyt1 ,c4 ,h41 ,clevel& ,a%brook1 ,wm4 ,a41 ,hon41 ,john/[n ,john/on1 ,i4 ,b41 ,/ation ,k41 ,c9c9nati ,/asel1 ,a4 ,a41 ,no4 #be-a_/b ,s4 ,?ird ,/41 ,new>k ,book1 ,g4 ,m41 ,bloomdale ,smi?1 ,e4 ,r41 ,no4 #acb ,s4 ,collett ,/41 ,lima ,rad]1 ,hal1 ,no4 #abe ,*e/nut ,/41 ,nilec ,watt1 ,frank ,e41 ,no4 #aaf ,%[ ,ave41 ,dayton ,&]son1 ,a4 ,j41 ,ohio ,f>m]1 ,clevel& ,sc>ff1 ,w4 ,u41 ,new ,c>lisle ,durant1 ,a4 ,t41 ,g]man-,am]ican ,ins4 ,co41 ,akron ,daugh]ty1 ,u4 ,g41 ,r4 ,d4 #ac1 ,dayton ,mill]1 ,*as4 ,d41 #fj ,n4 ,g>field ,ave41 ,columbus ,dor51 ,jane ,m41 ,bexley1 ,columbus ,prickett1 ,j4 ,d41 #gbg ,plym\? ,/41 ,tol$o ,z]key1 ,m4 ,all51 ,ju/us1 ,r4 ,d4 #a ,lohman1 ,e41 ,gre5ville ,ew>t1 ,mortim]1 ,mogadore ,s*uma*]1 ,arl91 ,p&ora ,yunck1 ,ed4 ,g41 #gaj ,c5tral ,ave41 ,s&usky ,nellis1 ,a4 ,s4 ,byrne1 ,dr41 ,cor4 ,?ird ,webb ,/s41 ,dayton ,rog]s1 ,w4 ,b41 ,/4 ,/anislaus' ,h\se ( ,retreat1 ,clevel& ,p>rott1 ,frances1 ,miss1 ,r4 ,d4 #ab1 ,dayton ,rector1 ,j4 ,m41 ,dr41 ,columbus ,laud]1 ,ed41 ,dr41 #ajab ,prospect ,ave41 ,s4 ,e41 ,clevel& ,,oregon ,rob9son1 ,c4 ,a41 ,r4,f4,d4 #a1 ,c>lton1 ,yamhill ,co4 ,oregon ,r4 ,r4 ,navigation ,co41 ,portl& ,p[]1 ,frank ,w41 ,sec'y ,/ate ,horticultural ,society1 ,or5co ,g>d5]1 ,v4 ,r41 ,associate ,pr(1 ( ,horticulture1 ,corvallis ,mc,donald1 ,m41 ,oregon ,nurs]y ,co41 ,or5co ,magrud]1 ,g4 ,m41 ,m$ical ,build+1 ,portl& ,fi%back1 ,p4 ,l41 ,monm\? ,,panama ,de]1 ,g4 ,n41 ,ancon1 ,c4 ,z4 ,,p5nsylvania ,le ,fevre1 ,b4 ,w41 #bea ,elm ,/41 ,lanca/] ,h>ris1 ,d4 ,s41 ,williamsburg1 ,p4,o4 ,box #daf ,wright1 ,m4 ,h41 ,p5n4 ,%aft+ ,co41 ,spr+ ,city ,hut*9son1 ,mahlon1 #ach ,s\? #ae? ,/reet1 ,philadelphia ,taylor1 ,c4 ,b41 ,philadelphia ,t[ns5d1 ,c4 ,w41 ,pittsburg ,all51 ,c>l ,g41 ,williamsport ,hall1 ,l4 ,c41 ,avonia ,sob]1 ,c4 ,k41 ,lewisburg ,foley1 ,john1 ,=e/] ,p5n4 ,r4 ,r4 ,co41 ,broad ,/4 ,/a41 ,philadelphia ,mann1 ,*as4 ,s41 ,hatboro1 ,montgom]y ,co41 ,r4 ,d4 #a ,spr+]1 ,will>d1 ,jr41 ,=e/ ,as/4 ,pa4 ,r4 ,r4 ,broad ,/4 ,/a4 ,philadelphia ,peck1 ,wm4 ,h41 ,c>e ( ,?ird ,nat4 ,bank1 ,scranton ,riehl1 ,h4 ,f41 ,manheim ,hildebr&1 ,f4 ,b41 ,duquesne ,wol=d1 ,c4 ,h41 ,pr94 ,duquesne ,public ,s*ools1 ,duquesne ,motts1 ,s>ah ,e41 #ecc ,s4 ,hanov] ,/41 ,c>lisle ,watts1 ,r4 ,l41 ,pr(4 ( ,horticulture1 ,/ate ,college ,hebb91 ,t4 ,t41 ,mc,keesport ,ball\1 ,c4 ,s41 ,pott] ,co4 ,m>sd51 ,biddle ,r41 ,dr41 ,*e/nut ,hill1 ,philadelphia ,f5/]ma*]1 ,p4 ,s41 ,c>e ( ,h>ry ,c4 ,tripl]1 ,"y ,bldg41 ,all5t[n ,keel]1 ,asa ,s41 ,tunckhannock ,hess1 ,frank ,p41 ,jr41 #ca ,n4 ,walnut ,/41 ,mt4 ,c>mel ,george1 ,w4 ,h41 ,edgewood1 ,bucks ,co4 ,scott ,hill1 ,erie ,/4 ,francis1 ,j41 #ba ,scott ,block1 ,erie ,wilt1 ,edw9 ,m41 ,no4 #haf ,brooklyn ,/41 ,philadelphia ,wright1 ,w4 ,j41 ,/ate ,college ,scott1 ,w4 ,m41 ,no4 #hbd ,c5t5nial ,ave41 ,sewickley ,small1 ,norb]t1 ,edgegrove ,s*otte1 ,t4 ,b41 ,kittann+ ,kirkpatrick1 ,f4 ,l41 ,no4 #bgc ,elev5? ,/41 ,philadelphia ,go*nau]1 ,b5j4 ,h41 ,lanca/]1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 ,no4 #g ,engle1 ,e4 ,b41 ,m>ietta ,cook1 ,dr41 ,george ,r41 ,john/on ,*alm]s1 ,w4 ,j41 ,vanport1 ,beav] ,co4 ,cahalan1 ,jno4 ,a41 ,no4 #aebd ,*e/nut ,/41 ,philadelphia ,de,weese1 ,d4 ,m41 ,no4 #ea ,logan ,ave41 ,%>on ,doan1 ,j4 ,l41 ,s*ool ( ,horticulture1 ,ambl]4 ,key/one ,wood ,co41 ,williamsport ,flem+1 ,h4 ,n41 ,no4 #daj ,d[n+ ,bldg41 ,erie ,hassell1 ,h4 ,w41 ,dr41 ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t1 ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 ,philadelphia ,pease1 ,h4 ,e41 ,no4 #aaaa ,lamont ,/41 ,pittsburgh ,palm]1 ,c4 ,l41 ,dr41 ,p4 ,o4 ,box1 ,mt4 ,lebanon ,spe>1 ,james1 ,jr41 ,wall+=d ,ho]n]1 ,william ,s41 ,*amb]sburg ,hazel1 ,boyd ,e41 ,box ,no4 #eg1 ,madisonburg ,/ov]1 ,c4 ,j41 ,ambl] ,davis1 ,?os4 ,d41 ,no4 #bfg ,%ady ,ave41 ,pittsburgh ,hill1 ,v4 ,j41 ,no4 #dbae ,*e/nut ,/41 ,philadelphia ,ri*>ds1 ,a4 ,c41 ,s*ellsburg ,/ocks1 ,george1 ,no4 #aabh ,heb]ton1 ,pittsburgh ,rhoads1 ,dr41 ,j4 ,n41 ,no4 #afce ,s4 ,broad ,/41 ,philadelphia ,quimby1 ,c4 ,s41 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 #c1 ,pho5ixville ,,rhode ,,isl& ,peckham1 ,f4 ,h41 ,dr41 #f ,?omas ,/41 ,provid5ce ,coll9s1 ,frankl9 ,j41 ,pr(41 #dfh ,hope ,/41 ,provid5ce ,heaton1 ,h4 ,w41 ,m4,d41 ,no4 #b ,iron's ,block1 ,provid5ce ,w9sl[1 ,erne/ ,l41 ,provid5ce ,bronsdon1 ,m4 ,h41 ,*ief ,eng9e]1 ,! ,rhode ,isl& ,co41 ,provid5ce ,pleg]1 ,john ,j41 ,box #fhf1 ,manila ,,texas ,blair1 ,r4 ,e41 ,u4 ,s4 ,exp]4 ,f>m1 ,san ,antonio ,edw>d1 ,*as4 ,l41 ,dallas ,kyle1 ,e4 ,j41 ,pr(1 ( ,horticulture1 ,college ,/ation ,&]son1 ,j4 ,h41 ,brighton ,canada1 ,j4 ,w41 ,h\/on ,,utah ,hans51 ,o4 ,k41 ,dr41 ,provo ,hughes1 ,m4 ,a41 ,dr41 ,judge ,bldg41 ,salt ,lake ,city ,,v]mont ,woodman1 ,j4 ,s41 ,s4 ,royalton ,cumm+s1 ,m4 ,b41 ,sec'y ,/ate ,horticultural ,society1 ,burl+ton ,p>ri%1 ,john ,s41 ,ea/ham1 ,alb]m>le ,co4 ,blue1 ,c4 ,e41 ,ridgeway1 ,*>lottsville ,haynes1 ,i4 ,j41 ,manak9 ,,virg9ia ,em]son1 ,j4 ,s41 ,dr41 ,r$ ,hill ,catlett1 ,c>t]1 ,gl\ce/] ,,wa%+ton ,wa%+ton ,nurs]y ,co41 ,topp5i% ,%omak]1 ,joel1 ,nellita ,moody1 ,rob]t1 ,ev]ett ,/u>t1 ,john ,a41 ,*ri/oph] ,nurs]ies1 ,*ri/oph] ,davis1 ,paul9e1 ,miss1 ,box #dae1 ,pullman ,may1 ,walt]1 #def ,empire ,bldg41 ,okanogan ,we/]n ,f>m]1 ,spokane ,m>*1 ,g4 ,l41 ,k5newick ,,we/ ,,virg9ia ,b5nett1 ,l\is1 ,mrs41 #adh ,c\rt ,ave41 ,we/on ,,wiscons9 ,kirr1 ,a4 ,r41 ,box ,c1 ,r4 ,d4 #f1 ,fond du ,lac ,h>old1 ,geo4 ,e41 ,maid5 ,rock1 ,r4 ,d4 #c ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,van ,deman1 ,h4 ,e41 ,wa%+ton ,sw+le1 ,walt]1 ,pr(41 ,bur4 ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton ,coville1 ,fr$4 ,v41 ,pr(41 ,bur4 ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton ,cl9ton1 ,l4 ,a41 ,pr(41 ,dept1 ( ,agric41 ,wa%+ton ,/abl]1 ,alb]t1 ,ins4 ,agt41 ,wa%+ton ,bick1 ,wm4 ,h41 #adjc ,h4 ,/41 ,wa%+ton ,h5drick1 ,a4 ,j41 #fji1 #crd ,/41 ,wa%+ton ,life ,heal?1 ,takoma ,p>k ,/a41 ,wa%+ton ,,extracts ,,f ,,lett]s ,,f ,,/ate ,,vice-,,presid5ts ,,& ,,o!rs ,a well-kn[n nut gr[] 9 ,delaw>e writes3 ,we h giv5 ! filb]ts a ?or\gh te/ & f\nd !m "o ( ! mo/ unpr(itable nuts ev] te/$4 ,at "o "t we _h "u te/ ab\t #ae di/9ct v>ieties4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s te/s !y all succumb$ to ! blight2 a blight t attack$ ! old wood & kill$ x4 ,"s ( our bu%es or trees got z mu* z six in*es 9 diamet] be=e !y 7 entirely kill$ back4 ,possibly by ?or\gh spray+ f ! sett+ ( trees a success might be made4 ,"s v>ieties te/$ 7 v prolific & ( f9e quality4 ,we succe$$ 9 gett+ a f9e lot ( walnuts f ! tree s\!a/ ( ! potato h\se by apply+ poll54 ,!y are z f9e & z well fill$ & z l>ge z any ,i h ev] se54 ,sev]al ( our crosses _h a few nuts ?is ye>1 mo/ ( !m are r ?ick %ell$4 ,! trees ?\gh seem to be p]fectly h>dy4 ,we h sev]al ,japan walnut trees be>+ ?is ye> "s ( :i* ,i consid] fir/ class1 equal to ! be/ %ellb>ks or pecans 9 crack+ quality2 besides !y are s v prolific1 produc+ z _m z a doz5 9 a clu/]4 ,we c %[ specim5s f sev]al di/9ct v>ieties or types4 ,! ,cordi=mis seems to be "o ( ! be/4 ,we also h "s v f9e black walnuts4 ,"o ( our se$l+s f ! select nuts produces ! l>ge/ walnuts t ,i h ev] se54 ,! tree did n h v _m on x ?is ye>4 ,sev]al ( ! o!r se$l+s f ! same plant+ produc$ f9e nuts ) good crack+ qualities4 ,we also _h sev]al pecan trees to be> a few nuts ?is ye>2 mo/ ( ! nuts 7 r small b ( f9e quality1 v ?9 %ells & well fill$4 ,our ,japan *e/nuts bore q full4 ,i ?9k x possible to produce ,p]sian walnuts successfully 9 our locality4 ,i also ?9k ! ,japan walnut (f]s a good field = inve/igation4 ,,f ,,! ,,/ate ,,vice-,,presid5t ,,= ,,colorado ,dec4 #aa1 #aiab4 ,s f> z ,i c le>n only two attempts h be5 made 9 ?is /ate to gr[ nuts4 ,! fir/ "o consi/s 9 ! sett+ out ( ab\t "o hundr$ ,japanese walnuts by ! ,antl]s ,or*>d ,co4 ,_! place is on ! we/]n slope 9 ! fruit di/rict & ,i am in=m$ t ! fir/ w9t] ! tops 7 kill$ b new %oots put out f ! roots & ! trees did well ?is ye>4 ,! o!r attempt is "o ,i made la/ spr+4 ,i set out a few pecan trees z an exp]im5t ne> ,colorado ,spr+s4 ,six ( ! sev5 trees liv$ & put out "s leaves b did n make mu* gr[?4 ,if !y survive ! w9t] ,i purpose plant+ m pecans & "s o!r nuts1--*e/nuts1 black walnuts & possibly ,p]sian walnuts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hilton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,nov4 #bi1 #aiab4 ,de> ,sir3 ,9 reply to y\r inquiry ,i am inclos+ notes on walnut culture 9 ?is locality4 ,?is noble fruit is n g5]ally kn[n "h4 ,i d n "k ( m ?an twelve or fifte5 be>+ trees 9 my c\nty4 ,( ^! all are )\t d\bt se$l+s1 & are locat$ 9 places :]e ! pea* w ?rive4 ,! soil 9 :i* !y gr[ is v>i$3 ,dunkirk f9e s&1 ,dunkirk silt loam1 ,ont>io f9e s& loam1 & ,ont>io loam4 7,see soil survey ( ,monroe c\nty1 ,n4 ,y4 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agriculture47 ,! altitude is comp>atively l[4 ,! highe/ po9t 9 ! c\nty is only #fhb ft4 above lake ,ont>io1 & ! av]age elevation is n m ?an #cjj ft4 ,! ,hold5 walnuts are gr[+ at a /ill l[] level4 ,?is tree1 consid]+ its surr\nd+s & location1 _h a good crop ?is ye>4 ,/&+ on ! lawn uncultivat$ & unf]tiliz$1 hemm$ 9 on ?ree sides by o!r trees1 x gave u at lea/ ?ree bu%els ( f9e nuts4 ,! wood %[$ no injury aft] la/ w9t]'s int5se cold4 ,gr[? />t$ 9 ! spr+ j z ! apple blossoms came out4 ,! catk9s are v l>ge1 at lea/ mu* l>g] ?an ^? on ! o!r trees we h1 & hang on long]4 ,"o ( our trees loses its male blossoms be=e ! female bloom appe>s1 b ! ,hold5 is ! la/ to lose !m4 ,ab\t half ( ! clu/]s ( fruit h two or ?ree nuts 9 !m4 ,we began h>ve/+ ! nuts ,sept4 #ae?1 j f\r mon?s f ! blossom4 ,! dropp+ cont9u$ = a mon?1 prolong$ on acc\nt ( lack ( fro/4 ,la/ week ! ,ro*e/] ,democrat & ,*ronicle report$ ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ load ( ,engli% walnuts ev] br\ght on ! local m>ket4 ,!y 7 gr[n on fifte5 ye> old se$l+s1 at ,ea/ ,avon1 ,n4 ,y41 by ,adelb]t ,?ompson4 ,8 or*>d is said to conta9 #bjj trees4 ,x seems v probable t ! next tw5ty-five ye>s w see ! developm5t ( ,p]sian walnut gr[+1 to comm]cial proportions1 9 ^? localities 9 ! /ate :]e ! pea* w gr[4 ,i _h a little exp]i5ce la/ spr+ ) s\!rn gr[n walnut trees4 ,la/ spr+ ,i receiv$ f ,l\isiana elev5 trees ( ! ,hold5 v>iety graft$ on black walnut /ocks4 ,!y 7 f9e trees1 ! l>ge/ at lea/ eight feet tall4 ,six ( ^! ,i set out 9 my own or*>ds & gave !m int5sive c>e & cultivation1 b alas1 gr[? 0 weak & at la/ !y di$4 ,if ,i 7 to d$uce any conclusions x w\ld be t !re is too great a diff]5ce betwe5 ,l\isiana & ,new ,york conditions4 ,,f ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,! ,,m9nesota ,,/ate ,,horticultural ,,society ,de> ,sir3-- ,i am address+ y z secret>y ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association 9 hopes t y c ref] me to "s "o1 p]haps a memb] ( y\r society1 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry to :om we c appeal to take "p at ! com+ annual meet+ ( ?is society z *ampion ( nut gr[+4 ,:ile 9 our /ate we _c successfully gr[ pecans1 nor p]haps ! sweet *e/nut & "s o!r nuts1 yet "s v>ieties d well ) u & a l>g] int]e/ 9 _! gr[+ %\ld be /imulat$4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,a4 ,w4 ,la?am1 ,sec'y4