:i* includes images ( ! pages ( ! orig9al book4 ,see #bcegd-;h4htm or #bcegd-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#b_/c_ /e_/g_/bcegd_/bcegd-;h_/#bcegd-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#b_/c_ /e_/g_/bcegd_/bcegd-;h4zip7 ,,socialism3 ,,positive ,,& ,,negative by ,,rob]t ,,rives ,,la ,,monte ,i w make a man m preci\s ?an f9e gold2 ev5 a man ?an ! gold5 w$ge ( ,ophir4 --,isaiah xiii1 #ab4 ,*icago ,*>les ,h4 ,k]r ,company #aijg ,copyright #aijg by ,*>les ,h4 ,k]r ,company ,illu/ration3 logo ,press ( ,john ,f4 ,higg9s ,*icago ,,to ,m4 ,e4 ,m4 ,,& ,l4 ,h4 ,m4 ,,preface ,( ! pap]s 9 ?is little volume two h appe>$ 9 pr9t be=e3 ,sci5ce & ,socialism 9 ! ,int]national ,sociali/ ,review = ,septemb]1 #aijj1 & ,m>xism & ,e?ics 9 ,wil%ire's ,magaz9e = ,novemb]1 #aije4 ,my ?anks are due to ! publi%]s ( ^? p]iodicals = _! k9d p]mission to re-pr9t ^? articles "h4 ,! o!r pap]s appe> "h = ! fir/ "t4 ,!re is an obvi\s inconsi/5cy betwe5 ! treatm5t ( ,mat]ialism 9 ,sci5ce & ,socialism & its treatm5t 9 ,! ,nihilism ( ,socialism4 ,i w\ld po9t out t sev5 ye>s elaps$ betwe5 ! composition ( ! =m] & t ( ! latt] essay4 ,:e!r ! inconsi/5cy be a sign ( m5tal gr[? or det]ioration my read]s mu/ judge = !mselves4 ,i w m]ely say "h t ! man or woman1 ^: views rema9 absolutely fix$ & /]eotyp$ = sev5 ye>s1 is *eat+ ! und]tak]4 ,:at ,i conceive ! true significance ( ?is p>ticul> *ange 9 op9ions to be is set =? 9 ! essay on ,! ,biog5etic ,law4 ,"s ,sociali/s w deprecate :at may seem to !m ! unwise frankness ( ! pap] on ,! ,nihilism ( ,socialism4 ,to !m ,i c only say t to me ,socialism has always be5 ess5tially a revolution>y movem5t4 ,revolutioni/s1 :o attempt to ma9ta9 a di/9ction betwe5 _! exot]ic & _! esot]ic tea*+s1 only succe$ 9 mak+ !mselves ridicul\s4 ,b1 ev5 7 ! ma9t5ance ( su* a di/9ction practicable1 x w\ld1 9 my judgm5t1 be highly inexp$i5t4 ,z a m]e matt] ( policy1 ev] s9ce ,i fir/ ent]$ ! ,sociali/ ,movem5t1 ,i h be5 a firm believ] 9 ! tactics admirably summ$ up 9 ,danton's ,de l'audace6 ,puis de l'audace6 ,et t\j\rs de l'audace6 ,%\ld any read] f9d himself repell$ by ,! ,nihilism ( ,socialism1 let me beg t he w n put ! book aside until he has read ! essay on ,! ,biog5etic ,law4 ,i d n s5d =? ?is little book ) any ambiti\s hope t x w be widely read1 or ev5 t x w conv]t any "o to ,socialism4 ,my hope is f> m mode/4 ,x is t ?is book may be ( "s real s]vice1 z a labor-sav+ device1 to ! ?9k+ m5 & wom5 :o h felt ! lure ( ,socialism1 & are try+ to discov] j :at is meant by ! (t-us$ words ',m>xian ,socialism1' ,%\ld x prove ( mat]ial aid to ev5 "o su* man or woman1 ,i w\ld feel t ,i _h be5 repaid a hundr$-fold = my labor 9 writ+ x4 ,,rob]t ,,rives ,,la ,,monte4 ,feb4 #g1 #aijg4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,socialism #ae ,i4 ,,! ,,mat]iali/ic ,,conception ,,( ,,hi/ory #be ,,ii4 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,surplus-,,value #cd ,,iii4 ,,! ,,class ,,/ruggle #df ,,m>xism ,,& ,,e?ics #eg ,,in/ead ,,( ,a ,,footnote #ge ,,! ,,nihilism ,,( ,,socialism #ha ,,! ,,biog5etic ,,law #aca ,,kismet #adc ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,socialism#a 7,int]national ,sociali/ ,review1 ,septemb]1 #aijj47 ,until ! middle ( ?is 7! n9ete5?7 c5tury ! favorite !ory ) ^? :o attempt$ to expla9 ! ph5om5a ( ,hi/ory 0 ! ,great-,man-,!ory4 ,?is !ory 0 t once 9 a :ile ?r\gh inf9ite m]cy a great man 0 s5t to ! e>? :o yank$ humanity up a not* or two high]1 & !n we w5t along 9 a humdrum way on t level1 or ev5 sank back till ano!r great man 0 v\*saf$ to u4 ,possibly ! f9e/ fl[] ( ?is s*ool ( ?\ght is ,c>lyle's ,h]oes & ,h]o ,wor%ip4 ,unsci5tific z ?is !ory 01 x _h its b5efic5t effects1 = ^? h]oes or great m5 s]v$ z ideals1 & ! human m9d requires an unatta9able ideal4 ,no man c be or d ! be/ he is capable ( unless he is ev] rea*+ out t[>d an ideal t lies beyond 8 grasp4 ,t5nyson put ?is tru? 9 ! m\? ( ! anci5t sage :o tells ! y\?ful & ambiti\s ,g>e? :o is eag] to ent] into ! s]vice ( ,k+ ,ar?ur ( ! ,table ,r\nd3 -----------! ,k+ ,w b9d !e by su* v[s z is a %ame ,a man %\ld n be b\nd by1 yet ! :i* ,no man c keep4 ,?is function ( furni%+ an ideal 0 p]=m$ 9 =m] times by ^! great m5 & m especially by ^? great m5 :om leg5d1 my? & sup]/ition conv]t$ into gods4 ,b ) ! decay ( ! old fai?s ! only possible fruitful ideal left is ! ideal upheld by ,socialism1 ! ideal ( ! ,co-op]ative ,commonweal? 9 :i* ! economic conditions w give bir? to ! highe/1 pure/1 mo/ altrui/ic e?ics ! _w has yet se54 ,x is true ! co-op]ative commonweal? is f> m ?an a ,utopian ideal1 x is a sci5tific pr$iction1 b at ?is po9t ,i wi% to emphasize its function z an ideal4 ,b x is obvi\s t ?is ,great ,man !ory gave no sci5tific clue to hi/ory4 ,if ! ,great ,man 0 a sup]natural ph5om5on1 a gift f ,olympus1 !n ( c\rse ,hi/ory _h no sci5tific basis1 b 0 dep5d5t ^u ! arbitr>y caprices ( ! ,gods1 & ,hom]'s ,iliad 0 a specim5 ( accurate descriptive sociology4 ,if on ! o!r h& ! great man 0 a natural ph5om5on1 ! !ory /opp$ %ort half way t[>d its goal1 = x gave u no explanation ( ! g5esis ( ! ,great ,man nor ( ! reasons = ! sup]human influ5ce t x attribut$ to him4 ,mallock1 "o ( ! mo/ s]vile lit]>y apologi/s ( capitalism1 has rec5tly 9 a book call$ ,ari/ocracy & ,evolution attempt$ to revive & revise ?is !ory & give x a sci5tific =m4 ,he /ill attributes all progress to ,great ,m51 b ) ! brutal frankness ( mod]n b\rgeois ,capitalism1 gives u a new def9ition ( ,great ,m54 ,accord+ to ,mallock1 ! great man is ! man :o makes money4 ,?is has long be5 ! work+ !ory ( b\rgeois society1 b ,mallock is ! fir/ ( !m :o has _h ! cynicism or ! /upidity to confess x4 ,b m>k y1 by ?is confession he admits ! tru? ( ! fundam5tal premise ( mod]n sci5tific socialism1 our ,socialism1 viz41 t ! economic factor is ! dom9ant or det]m9+ factor 9 ! life ( society4 ,?us y see ! able/ *ampion ( b\rgeois capitalism1 admits1 albeit unconsci\sly1 ! tru? ( ! ,m>xian mat]iali/ic conception ( hi/ory4 ,?is book1 h[ev]1 is *iefly rem>kable = its impud5t & %ameless misrepres5tations ( ,m>x & ,m>xism1 b ^! v lies %[ t intellig5t apologi/s ( capitalism "k t _! only dang]\s foe is ,m>xian socialism4 ,b j z accord+ to ! vulg> sup]/ition ! tail ( a snake t has be5 kill$ wiggles till sund[n1 s ?is book ( ,mallock's is m]ely a false %[ ( life made by a !ory t receiv$ its dea?bl[ long s9ce4 ,x is ! wiggl+ ( ! tail ( ! snake t ,h]b]t ,sp5c] kill$ ?irty ye>s ago ) 8 little book ,! ,/udy ( ,sociology4 ,! environm5t philosophy 9 "o =m or ano!r has come to occupy ! entire field ( human ?\ght4 ,we n[ look = ! explanation ( e ph5om5on 9 ! conditions t surr\nd$ its bir? & developm5t4 ,! be/ application ( ?is environm5t philosophy to intellectual & lit]>y ph5om5a t has ev] be5 made is ,ta9e's ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,b :ile ,sp5c]'s ,/udy ( ,sociology is ! mo/ signal & brilliant refutation ( ! ,great ,man !ory1 no "o man really kill$ t !ory4 ,! g5]al spread & acceptance ( ,d>w9ism has produc$ an intellectual atmosph]e 9 :i* su* a !ory c no m live ?an a fi% c live out ( wat]4 ,by ,d>w9ism we mean1 z y "k1 ! transmutation ( species by v>iation & natural selection--selection accompli%$ ma9ly1 if n solely1 by ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,n[ ?is doctr9e ( organic developm5t & *ange or metamorphic evolution1 :i* 01 ) its orig9ators1 ,wallace & ,d>w91 a purely biological doctr9e1 0 transport$ to ! field ( sociology by ,sp5c] & appli$ ) great p[] to all human in/itutions1 legal1 moral1 economic1 religi\s1 etc4 ,sp5c] has taught ! _w t all social in/itutions are fluid & n fix$4 ,z ,k>l ,m>x said 9 ! preface to ! fir/ edition ( ,capital3 ,! pres5t society is no solid cry/al1 b an organization capable ( *ange1 & is con/antly *ang+1 & aga9 9 ! preface to ! second edition1 ,e hi/orically develop$ social =m is 9 fluid movem5t4 ,?is is ! !ory ( ,evolution 9 its broade/ s5se1 & x has /ruck a dea?-bl[ to ! conception ( ,p]man5ce s de> to ! he>ts ( ! b\rgeoisie :o love to s+ to _! ,great ,god1 ,private ,prop]ty1 ,z x 0 9 ! beg9n+1 is n[ & ev] %all be1 _w )\t end4 ,am54 ,saecula saeculorum4 ,= ! ,ages ( ,ages4 ,be=e natural sci5ce _h ?us revolutioniz$ ! intellectual atmosph]e1 great m5 proclaim+ ! doctr9es ( mod]n socialism might h be5 ra9$ d[n f ,heav51 b !re w\ld h be5 no sociali/ movem5t4 ,9 fact _m ( its ideas _h f\nd utt]ance c5turies be=e1 b ! economic conditions1 & consequ5tly ! intellectual conditions 7 n ripe1 & ^! ideas 7 /ill-born1 or di$ 9 infancy4 ,! g5]al acceptance ( ! idea t all ?+s *ange1 t prop]ty1 m>riage1 religion1 etc41 are 9 process ( evolution & are de/9$ to take on new =ms prep>$ ! way = ,socialism4 ,a man :o has read ,wallace & ,d>w9 is ready to read ,m>x & ,engels4 ,n[ ! /ory ( ! bir? ( ,d>w9ism is itself a pro( ( ! fallacy ( ! ,great ,man !ory1 & a signal confirmation ( ! view t new ideas1 !ories & discov]ies emanate f ! mat]ial conditions4 ,! role ( ! great man is /ill an important "o4 ,we ne$ ! m5 :o are capable ( ab/ract ?\ght1 capable ( p]ceiv+ ! ess5tial relations & significance ( ! facts1 & ( draw+ correct inductions f !m4 ,su* m5 are r>e1 b !re are always en\gh ( !m to p]=m ^! functions4 ,& ! ,great ,man1 born out ( due "t1 be=e ! mat]ial & economic conditions are ripe = him1 c effect no?+4 ,:5 ! conditions are ripe1 ! new idea always occurs to m ?an "o man2 t is1 ! same conditions & facts =ce ! same idea ^u diff]5t m9ds4 ,x is true !re is always "s "o man :o gives ?is idea its be/ expression or be/ m>%als ! evid5ce ( ! facts 9 its support1 & ! idea usually becomes insep>ably l9k$ ) 8 "n4 ,9 ?is way does our race express its gratitude to its great m5 & p]petuate _! memory4 ,d>w9ism or ! !ory ( ,natural ,selection 0 9 ?is way indep5d5tly discov]$ by ,alfr$ ,russell ,wallace & ,*>les ,d>w91 & ! popul> judgm5t has n err$ 9 giv+ ! *ief cr$it to ,*>les ,d>w94 ,wallace's pap] ,on ! ,law :i* has ,regulat$ ! ,introduction ( ,new ,species1 writt5 by ,wallace on "o ( ! f>-away isl&s ( ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 :]e he 0 /udy+ ! ,geographical ,di/ribution ( ,species1 appe>$ 9 ! ,annals ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 #ahee4 ,its resultant conclusion 0 t e species has come into exi/5ce co9cid5t bo? 9 space & "t ) a preexi/+ closely alli$ species4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 tells u t ,mr4 ,wallace wrote him t ! cause to :i* he attribut$ ?is co9cid5ce 0 no o!r ?an g5]ation ) modification1 or 9 o!r words t ! closely alli$ ante-type 0 ! p>5t /ock f :i* ! new =m _h be5 d]iv$ by v>iation4 ,mr4 ,wallace's second pap]1 :i* 9 my judgm5t is ! cle>e/ & be/ cond5s$ /atem5t ( ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,/ruggle = ,exi/5ce & ! pr9ciple ( ,natural ,selection ev] writt51 0 writt5 by ,mr4 ,wallace at ,t]nate 9 ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 9 ,febru>y1 #aheh1 & s5t to ,mr4 ,d>w94 ,x 0 call$ ,on ! ,t5d5cy ( ,v>ieties to ,dep>t ,indef9itely f ! ,orig9al ,type4 ,mr4 ,wallace reque/$ ,mr4 ,d>w9 to %[ x to ,sir ,*as4 ,lyell1 ! fa!r ( ,mod]n ,geology1 & accord+ly ,dr4 ,hook]1 ! great botani/1 br\ght x to ,sir ,*as4 ,lyell4 ,!y 7 bo? s /ruck ) ! complete agreem5t ( ! conclusions ( ,mr4 ,d>w9 & ,mr4 ,wallace t !y ?\ght x w\ld be unfair to publi% "o )\t ! o!r1 s ?is pap] & a *apt] f ,d>w9's unpubli%$ manuscript ( ! ,orig9 ( ,species 7 read be=e ! ,l9naean ,society on ! same ev5+ & publi%$ 9 _! ,proce$+s = #aheh1 & ?us appe>$ 9 ! same ye>1 #ahei1 z ,m>x's ,critique ( ,political ,economy4 ,?is !ory ( ,natural ,selection is1 y "k1 9 brief1 t m animals ( e k9d are born ?an c possibly survive1 ?an c possibly get a liv+4 ,?is gives rise to a ,battle = ,life4 ,9 ?is battle ^? are ! victors :o are ! be/ able to secure food = !mselves & _! (fspr+ & are be/ able by fight or flight to protect !mselves f _! enemies4 ,?is is call$ ! ,law ( ! ,survival ( ! ,fitte/1 b rememb]1 ! ,fitte/ are n always ! be/ or mo/ highly develop$ =ms1 b simply ^? =ms be/ suit$ to ! !n exi/+ environm5t4 ,^! two extremely int]e/+ pap]s ( ,wallace are pr9t$ z ! two fir/ *apt]s ( 8 book ,natural ,selection & ,tropical ,nature1 publi%$ by ,mac,millan1 a book s fasc9at+ ,i w\ld beg all my he>]s & read]s :o h n read x to d s4 ,?is law ( d\ble or multiple discov]y holds good ( all great discov]ies & inv5tions1 & is notably true ( ! fir/ ( ! ?ree great ?\ghts t we ord9>ily associate ) ! "n ( ,k>l ,m>x4 ,^! ?ree are3 #a4 ,! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory4 #b4 ,! ,law ( ,surplus ,value4 #c4 ,! ,class ,/ruggle--! ?ird be+ a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! fir/ two4 ,n[ ! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory 0 indep5d5tly discov]$ by ,engels j z ,d>w9ism 0 by ,wallace1 z y w see by read+ ,engels' preface to ! ,communi/ ,manife/o4 ,b j z ,wallace gave ,d>w9 all ! cr$it1 s ,engels did to ,m>x4 ,,footnote3 #a ,?is essay 0 orig9ally prep>$ = & deliv]$ z a ,lecture be=e ! ,"y ,m5s' ,sociali/ ,lit]>y ,society1 an organization ( ,jewi% ,sociali/s on ! l[] ,ea/ ,side ( ,new ,york city1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! w9t] ( #ahii-aijj4 ,i ,,! ,,mat]iali/ic ,,conception ,,( ,,hi/ory ,:at d we mean by ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory1 or ( ,economic ,det]m9ism1 z ,f]ri calls x8 ,we mu/ make sure we und]/&1 = !re is cant 9 ,socialism1 j z !re is 9 religion1 & !re is good reason to fe> _m ( u g on us+ ^! good m\?-fill+ phrases1 ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory1 ,class-,consci\s ,prolet>iat1 ,class ,/ruggle1 & ,revolution>y ,socialism1 ) no m accurate idea ( _! mean+ ?an our pi\s fri5ds h ( ! !ological phrases !y keep repeat+ l s _m poll-p>rots4 ,at bottom1 :5 we talk intellig5tly ( ! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory1 we simply mean1 :at e man by 8 daily conduct proves to be true1 t ! bread & butt] "q is ! mo/ important "q 9 life4 ,all ! re/ ( ! life ( ! individual is affect$1 yes dom9at$ ! way he e>ns 8 bread & butt]4 ,z ?is is true ( individuals1 s also x is true ( societies1 & ?is gives u ! only key by :i* we c und]/& ! hi/ory ( ! pa/1 &1 )9 limits1 pr$ict ! c\rse ( future developm5t4 ,t is all !re is ( x4 ,t is easy to und]/&1 & e man ( common s5se is b\nd to admit t t mu* is true4 ,! ^w mat]iali/ic sugge/s philosophy & metaphysics & br+s to our m9ds ! old disputes ab\t monism & dualism1 & ! dispute betwe5 religi\s p :o believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( _s & sci5ti/s :o adopt mod]n mat]iali/ic monism4 ,b no matt] :at position a man may hold on ^! philosophical & !ological que/ions he c ) p]fect consi/5cy recognize ! fact t ! economic factor is ! dom9ant1 det]m9+ factor 9 e day human life1 & ! man :o admits ?is simple tru? believes 9 ! ,m>xian ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory4 ,! political1 legal1 e?ical & all human in/itutions h _! roots 9 ! economic soil1 & any re=m t does n g cle> to ! roots & affect ! economic /ructure ( society mu/ necess>ily be abortive4 ,any ?+ t does g to ! roots & does modify ! economic /ructure1 ! bread & butt] side ( life1 w inevitably modify e o!r bran* & dep>tm5t ( human life1 political1 e?ical1 legal1 religi\s1 etc4 ,?is makes ! social "q an economic "q1 & all our ?\ght & ef=t %\ld be conc5trat$ on ! economic "q4#b ,i am aw>e ( ! fact t 9 ! ,preface ( 8 ,socialism1 ,utopian & ,sci5tific1 ,engels app>5tly id5tifies ! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory ) ,mat]iali/ic ,monism 9 ,philosophy1 b ?is connection or id5tification is n a necess>y logical consequ5ce ( any /atem5t ( ! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory ,i h be5 able to f9d by ,engels1 ,m>x1 ,deville1 ,f]ri1 ,loria1 or any ,m>xian ( au?ority & to ?us id5tify x1 is detrim5tal to ! cause ( ,socialism1 s9ce _m p :o w\ld n hesitate to admit ! pr$om9ance ( ! economic factor1 in/antly revolt at ! idea ( ,mat]ialism4 ,let u take ,engels' /atem5t ( ?is doctr9e 9 ! preface to ! ,manife/o4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,9 e hi/orical epo*1 ! prevail+ mode ( economic production & ex*ange1 & ! social organization necess>ily foll[+ f x1 =m ! basis ^u :i* is built up1 & f :i* alone c be expla9$ ! political & intellectual hi/ory ( t epo*4 ,does n t agree exactly ) ! doctr9e z ,i h /at$ x8 ,or1 take ?is /atem5t ( x by ,comrade ,vail1 ( ,j]sey ,city3 ,! laws1 cu/oms1 education1 public op9ion & morals are controll$ & %ap$ by economic conditions1 or1 9 o!r words1 by ! dom9ant rul+ class :i* ! economic sy/em ( any giv5 p]iod =ces to ! front4 ,! rul+ ideas ( ea* age h be5 ! ideas ( its rul+ class1 :e!r t class 0 ! patricians ( anci5t ,rome1 ! feudal b>ons ( ! middle ages1 or ! capitali/s ( mod]n times4 ,! economic /ructure ( society l>gely controls & %apes all social in/itutions1 & also religi\s & philosophical ideas4 ,or1 take ?is1 by ,m>x himself3 ,! mode ( production obta9+ 9 mat]ial life det]m9es1 g5]ally speak+1 ! social1 political & intellectual processes ( life4 ,does n t aga9 agree exactly ) ! doctr9e z ,i h /at$ x8 ,! doctr9e is /at$ 9 ne>ly ! same language by ,loria & ,f]ri1 ?\gh ,f]ri calls x ,economic ,det]m9ism1 :i* seems to me a mu* bett] & m exact "n4 ,f]ri po9ts out t we mu/ n =get ! intellectual factor & ! v>i\s o!r factors1 :i* ?\gh !y are !mselves det]m9$ by ! economic factor1 9 _! turn become causes act+ concurr5tly ) ! economic factor4 ,loria deals ) ?is :ole subject mo/ exhau/ively & int]e/+ly 9 8 rec5tly translat$ book ,! ,economic ,f\ndations ( ,society4 ,curi\sly en\gh 9 ?is long book he nev] once gives ,m>x ! cr$it ( hav+ discov]$ ?is !ory1 b con/antly talks z ?\gh he--,loria--_h reveal$ x to a wait+ _w4 ,! me?od ( 8 book is ! rev]se ( sci5tific1 z he fir/ /ates 8 !ory & conclusions & !n />ts to sc\r ! univ]se = facts to support !m1 in/ead ( fir/ collect+ ! facts & lett+ !m impose ! !ory ^u 8 m9d4 ,& 8 book is by no means free f inconsi/5cies & contradictions4 ,b :ile y _c place y\rselves unres]v$ly & confid+ly 9 8 h&s z y c 9 ^? ( ,k>l ,m>x1 /ill 8 book has mu* value4 ,he %[s mo/ int]e/+ly h[ all ! connective in/itutions1 z he calls religi\s & legal & political in/itutions1 h be5 m\ld$ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! economically dom9ant class1 & h[ useful !y h be5 9 ei!r p]suad+ or =c+ ! s-call$ l[] classes to submit to ! economic conditions t 7 absolutely aga9/ _! int]e/s4 ,b ! sy/em ( ,wage ,slav]y is su* a beautifully automatic sy/em1 itself subjugat+ ! work]s & leav+ !m no *oice1 t ,i _c see t ! capitali/s h any fur!r ne$ ( any ( ^! connective in/itutions save ! ,/ate4 ,at all ev5ts1 ^! in/itutions are fa/ los+ _! p[] ov] ! m9ds ( m54 ,b ! mo/ valuable "p ( 8 book is ! imm5se mass ( evid5ce he has collect$ %[+ h[ political sov]eignty foll[s economic sov]eignty or r1 rev5ue1 & h[ all pa/ hi/ory has be5 made up ( a s]ies ( conte/s betwe5 v>i\s k9ds ( rev5ue1 p>ticul>ly betwe5 r5t f l&$ prop]ty & pr(its f indu/rial or manufactur+ capital1 b z ?is is no?+ m ?an ! ,class ,/ruggle betwe5 ! l&$ ari/ocracy & ! b\rgeoisie1 a /ruggle sket*$ by ma/] h&s 9 ! ,communi/ ,manife/o ( ,m>x & ,engels1 we c give ,loria no cr$it = orig9ality1 b m]ely praise 8 indu/ry 9 collect+ evid5ce4 ,gabriel ,deville1 :o has probably done m ?an any "o else to popul>ize ! ideas ( ,m>x 9 ,france1 has po9t$ out a v nice di/9ction "h4 ,man1 l all liv+ be+s1 is ! product ( 8 environm5t4 ,b :ile animals are affect$ only by ! natural environm5t1 man's bra91 itself a product ( ! natural environm5t1 becomes a cause1 a creator1 & makes = man an economic environm5t1 s t man is act$ on by two environm5ts1 ! natural environm5t :i* has made man & ! economic environm5t :i* man has made4 ,n[ 9 ! e>ly /ages ( human developm5t1 x is ! natural environm5t1 ! f]tility ( ! soil1 climatic conditions1 abundance ( game1 fi%1 etc41 :i* is all-important1 b ) ! progress ( civilization1 ! natural environm5t loses 9 relative importance1 & ! economic environm5t 7ma*9]y1 factories1 improv$ appliances1 etc47 gr[s 9 importance until 9 our day ! economic environm5t has become well nigh all-important4 ,h5ce ! inadequacy ( ! ,h5ry ,george !ory :i* places all its /ress on "o elem5t ( ! natural environm5t1 l&1 & :olly neglects ! dom9ant economic environm5t4 ,b :ile ?is economic environm5t1 ! dom9ant factor 9 human life1 is ! *ild ( ! bra9 ( man1 man 9 its creation has be5 =c$ to "w )9 /rict limitations4 ,he _h to make x out ( ! mat]ials furni%$ him 9 ! fir/ place by ! natural environm5t & lat] by ! natural environm5t & ! inh]it$ economic environm5t1 s t 9 ! la/ analysis ! mat]ial & economic factors are supreme4 ,we ,m>xians are (t5 accus$ ( neglect+ ! intellectual factor &1 z ,deville says1 a :ole syndicate ( factors2 b we d n neglect !m4 ,we recognize _! exi/5ce & _! importance1 b we d refuse to wa/e our revolution>y en]gy on d]ivative ph5om5a :5 we are able to see & recognize ! decisive1 dom9ant factor1 ! economic factor4 ,z ,deville says1 we d n neglect ! c>t because we insi/ ^u putt+ x beh9d ! horse in/ead ( 9 front ( or alongside ( him1 z our critics w\ld h u d4 ,n[1 if ! economic factor is ! basic factor1 x behooves u to und]/& ! pres5t economic sy/em--,m>x's ,law ( ,surplus-,value is ! key to ?is sy/em4 ,,footnote3 #b ,if ?is be true ! "q naturally arises3 ,:y d ! sociali/s1 in/ead ( us+ economic me?ods to solve an economic "q1 organize !mselves into a political p>ty8 ,to answ] ?is "q1 we mu/ fir/ see :at ! ,/ate is & :at relation x holds to ! economic conditions4 ,gabriel ,deville def9es ! ,/ate ?us3 ,! ,/ate is ! public p[] ( co]cion creat$ & ma9ta9$ 9 human societies by _! division into classes1 a p[] :i*1 be+ clo!d ) =ce1 makes laws & levies taxes4 ,z long z ! economically dom9ant class reta9 full possession ( ?is public p[] ( co]cion !y are able to use x z a weapon to defeat e attempt to alt] ! economic /ructure ( society4 ,h5ce e attempt to de/roy economic privilege & e/abli% ,indu/rial ,democracy inevitably takes ! =m ( a political class /ruggle betwe5 ! economically privileg$ class & ! economically exploit$ class4 ,,ii ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,surplus-,,value ,! second great idea t we associate ) ! "n ( ,k>l ,m>x is ! ,law ( ,surplus-,value4 ,curi\sly en\gh ?is "o te*nical !ory is ! only discov]y t b\rgeois writ]s & economi/s give ,m>x cr$it =4 ,if y look up ,m>x 9 any ord9>y encyclop$ia or ref]5ce book y w f9d !y make 8 fame dep5d on ?is !ory alone1 & to make matt]s worse !y usually mis/ate & misrepres5t ?is !ory1 :ile !y inv>iably fail to m5tion 8 two o!r equally great1 if n great] discov]ies1 ! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory & ! ,class ,/ruggle4 ,i ?9k ! reason !y give special prom95ce to ?is law ( ,surplus-,value is t1 z x is a purely te*nical !ory 9 economics1 x is easi] to obscure x ) a cl\d ( sophi/ry & p]suade _! will+ dupes t !y h refut$ x4 ,& !n !y raise ! cry t ! f\ndation ( ,m>xian ,socialism has be5 de/roy$ & t ! :ole /ructure is ab\t to tumble d[n on ! heads ( its crazy def5d]s1 ! ,sociali/s4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t _m s-call$ ,sociali/s are f\nd fooli% en\gh to play into ! h&s ( ! ,capitali/s by jo9+ 9 ! silly cry t "s pigmy 9 political economy has ov]?r[n ! ,m>xian !ory ( ,value4 ,i suppose ^! s-call$ ,sociali/s are actuat$ by a mad desire to be up to date1 to keep up ) ! intellectual b&-wagon4 ,revolutions 9 ! v>i\s sci5ces h be5 go+ on s rapidly1 !y fancy t a !ory t 0 =mulat$ =ty ye>s ago mu/ be a back-numb]1 & s !y ha/5 to decl>e _! allegiance to ! la/ new cl\d ( sophi/ry1 purport+ to be a !ory ( value1 t has be5 evolv$ by ! feeble m9ds ( ! an>*i/s ( ,italy or ! capitali/ economi/s ( ,au/ria4 ,! ,fabians ( ,london are ! mo/ /rik+ example ( ^! sociali/s ^: heads h be5 turn$ 9 ?is way by ! rapid progress ( sci5ce4 ,b ! foll[]s ( ,b]n/e9 9 ,europe & ?is c\ntry are runn+ into ! same dang] & 9 _! eag]ness to grasp ! v newe/ & late/ doctr9e w fall easy victims ( ! fir/ w9dy & pret5ti\s fakir :o comes along4 ,ask any "o ( ^! fell[s :o tells y t ! ,m>xian !ory ( ,value has be5 explod$1 to /ate ! new & correct !ory ( ,value t has tak5 its place & y w f9d t he _c /ate a !ory t y or ,i or any o!r man c und]/&4 ,he w ei!r admit he is floor$1 or else he w emit a d5se fog ( words4 ,i *all5ge any "o ( !m to /ate a !ory ( value t he himself c und]/&1 let alone make any "o else und]/&4 ,n[ ! ,m>xian !ory ( ,value c be cle>ly /at$ s t y & ,i c und]/& x4 ,b let u beg9 ) surplus-value4 ,?is !ory ( surplus-value is simply ! sci5tific =mulation ( ! fact t work+m5 _h be5 consci\s ( 9 a vague way long be=e ,k>l ,m>x's day1 ! fact t ! work+man don't get a fair deal1 t he don't get all he e>ns4 ,?is fact _h be5 =mulat$ z long ago z #ahba by ! unkn[n au?or ( a lett] to ,"l ,john ,russell on ,! ,s\rce & ,rem$y ( ! ,national ,difficulties4 ,9 ?is lett] ! v phrases surplus produce & surplus labor are us$4 ,y w f9d t ,m>x ref]s to ?is lett] 9 a note on page #cfi 7,humboldt edition1 #fdd ,k]r edition7 ( ! ,am]ican edition ( ,capital4 ,! ,russian writ]1 ,slepz(f1 quotes sev]al passages f ?is lett] 9 an article 9 ! ,decemb]1 #ahii1 numb] ( ,la ,revue ,sociali/e1 & x is amaz+ to see h[ ne> to ,m>x's conclusions ?is unkn[n writ] _h come eighty ye>s ago1 b ! conditions 7 n ripe & 8 lett] w\ld to-day be =gott5 if ,m>x _h n embalm$ x 9 a footnote4 ,i confess ,i 0 surpris$ to le>n t ?is 0 n a purely orig9al discov]y ( ,m>x's1 b ! fact t x is n is "o m signal confirmation ( ! !ory ,i h giv5 9 ?is lecture ( ! d\ble or multiple discov]y ( great ideas4 ,b let u resume ! discussion ( ,surplus ,value & see j :at x really is4 ,no matt] :]e y1 my work+man he>] or read] may "w1 ! p]son or corporation or tru/ = :om or :i* y "w gets back m out ( y\r labor1 ?an he or x pays y 9 wages4 ,if ?is is n s1 y\r employ] is ei!r runn+ a *>itable in/itution or he is 9 bus9ess = 8 heal?4 ,y may h employ]s ( t k9d "h on ! ,ea/ ,side ( ,new ,york1 b ,i h nev] met any ( !m else:]e4 ,x is impossible to conceive ( a man go+ on day aft] day1 week aft] week1 ye> aft] ye>1 pay+ y wages1 unless he receives m = ! product ( y\r labor ?an he pays y 9 wages4 ,n[1 ?is diff]5ce betwe5 :at y get & :at he gets is :at we call surplus-value4 ,?is surplus-value is ! key to ! :ole pres5t economic organization ( society4 ,! end & object ( b\rgeois society is ! =mation & accumulation ( surplus-value1 or 9 o!r words1 ! sy/ematic robb]y ( ! produc+ class4 ,n[ :5 we say robb]y1 we d n mean to accuse employ]s ( consci\s di%one/y4 ,!y are ! creatures ( a sy/em j z ! work]s are1 b x is a sy/em :i* makes _! int]e/s diametrically oppos$ to ! int]e/s ( _! employees4 ,! only way ! capitali/s c increase _! relative %>e ( ! product ( _! employees' labor is by decreas+ ! relative %>e ( ! latt]4 ,n[1 if out ( ! total product ( 8 labor ! work+man only receives a "p1 !n x is true to say t he works "p ( ! day = himself & "p ( ! day gratuit\sly = ! capitali/4 ,let u say1 = purposes ( illu/ration1 t he works ?ree h\rs = himself & sev5 h\rs = 8 employ] = no?+4 ,?is ?ree h\rs we call 8 necess>y labor "t1 or 8 paid labor2 & ! sev5 h\rs we call 8 surplus labor "t or 8 unpaid labor4 ,! product ( 8 ?ree h\rs' labor is ! equival5t ( 8 wages or z we call x1 ! value ( 8 ,labor-,p[]4 ,! product ( ! o!r sev5 h\rs ( 8 labor1 8 surplus or unpaid labor1 is surplus product or surplus-value4 ,/>t+ f ! fact t e work+man kn[s to be true1 t he don't get all he feels he ought to get1 we h ?us1 ,i ?9k1 made ! def9ition ( surplus-value cle> to e "o ( y1 b we h be5 talk+ ( surplus-value & value ( labor p[] & we h n yet def9$ ,value4 ,:5 we speak ( ! value ( an object we mean ! am\nt ( human labor t is embodi$ or accumulat$ 9 x1 t has be5 sp5t 9 fitt+ x to satisfy human ne$s4 ,& we measure ! am\nt ( ?is human labor by its duration1 by labor-"t4 ,y1 if y are a skill$1 highly-paid work]1 receiv+ say f\r doll>s a day1 may say t x is absurd to say t an h\r ( y\r labor produces no m value ?an an h\r ( ,tom's or ,dick's or ,pete's1 :o get only eighty c5ts a day apiece4 ,y are q "r4 ,y\r h\r does produce m value4 ,! labor-"t t det]m9es value is ! labor-"t ( ! av]age1 untra9$ work]4 ,aga91 y may wa/e y\r "t1 sp5d+ half ( x look+ out ( ! w9d[ or c>ry+ on a flirtation4 ,?is wa/$ labor does n c\nt 9 measur+ value4 ,! only labor t c\nts is ! labor t is socially necess>y "u normal conditions = ! production ( ! giv5 commodity4 ,aga91 labor sp5t to produce a useless article does n produce value4 ,to produce value ! labor mu/ s]ve to satisfy human wants4 ,n[1 ,i ?9k ?is is q cle> s f>4 ,we "k :at surplus-value is4 ,we "k :at value is & h[ x is measur$4 ,let u n[ see :at is meant by ! ,value ( ,labor-,p[]4 ,to beg9 )1 :at is ,labor-,p[]8 ,:5 a work+man goes ^u ! m>ket to sell some?+ = money ) :i* to buy bread & butt] & o!r necess>ies ( life1 :at has he to (f] = sale8 ,he _c (f] a f9i%$ commodity1 su* z a wat*1 a %oe1 or a book1 because he owns no?+4 ,he has nei!r ! necess>y ma*9]y1 ! necess>y raw mat]ial1 nor ev5 ! necess>y place 9 :i* to "w to make ^! ?+s4 ,^! all belong to ano!r class :o by own+ !m1 9 fact1 own him4 ,he _c (f] labor = sale1 because 8 labor does n yet exi/4 ,he _c sell a ?+ t has no exi/5ce4 ,:5 8 labor comes into real objective exi/5ce1 x is incorporat$ ) mat]ials t are ! prop]ty ( ! class t rules him1 & no long] belongs to him4 ,he _c sell :at he don't possess4 ,!re is only "o ?+ he c sell1 namely1 8 m5tal & physical or muscul> p[] to d ?+s1 to make ?+s4 ,he c sell ?is = a def9ite "t to an employ]1 j exactly z a liv]y /able keep] sells a horse's p[] to trot to 8 cu/om]s = s mu* p] h\r4 ,n[ ?is p[] ( 8 to d ?+s is :at we call 8 labor-p[]2 t is1 8 capacity to p]=m "w4 ,n[1 its value is det]m9$ precisely l ! value ( e o!r commodity1 i4 e41 by ! labor-"t socially necess>y = its production4 ,n[ ! labor-"t socially necess>y = ! production ( labor-p[] is ! labor-"t socially necess>y to produce ! food1 clo?+ & %elt] or lodg+ t are necess>y to enable ! labor] to come on ! labor m>ket day aft] day able physically to "w1 & also to enable him to beget & raise *ildr5 :o w take 8 place z wage-slaves :5 he %all h be5 buri$ by ! ,c\nty or "s ,sick & ,dea? ,b5efit ,fund4 ,9 ! example we us$ above we assum$ t ! labor] work$ ?ree h\rs a day to produce a value equal to ! value ( 8 labor-p[]4 ,! price ( ?is value1 ! value produc$ by 8 paid labor1 we call ,wages4 ,?is price is (t5 r$uc$ by ! competition ( scabs & o!r victims ( capitali/ exploitation1 bel[ ! real value ( labor-p[]1 b we h n "t to g into t "h1 s we w assume t ! labor] gets 9 wages ! full value ( 8 labor-p[]4 ,well1 !n1 if he produces 9 ?ree or f\r h\rs a value equal to ! value ( 8 labor-p[] or wages1 :y doesn't he /op "w !n1 & take 8 coat & hat & g home & devote ! re/ ( ! day to /udy1 read+1 games1 recreation & amusem5t8 ,he don't because he c't4 ,he has to agree 7volunt>ily1 ( c\rse7 to any conditions t ! class :o by own+ 8 tools own him *oose to impose ^u him1 & ! la% ( ! competition ( ! unemploy$1 ,capital's ,res]ve ,army1 z ,m>x call$ x1 is ev] ready to fall ^u 8 nak$ back4 ,:y is he s helpless8 ,because he & 8 class h be5 robb$ ( ! l& & ! tools & all ! means ( su/5ance & production1 & h no?+ left !m b t empty bauble1 legal lib]ty1 lib]ty to accept wages s small t !y b>ely enable !m to live l bea/s1 or lib]ty to />ve to dea? & be buri$ 9 unm>k$ graves by ! public au?orities4 ,! wage sy/em necess>ily implies ?is surplus labor or unpaid labor4 ,s long z !re are wages1 work+m51 y w nev] get ! full product ( y\r labor4 ,let no re=m] beguile y into a /ruggle :i* simply aims to secure a modification ( ! wage sy/em6 ,no?+ %ort ( ! annihilation ( ! wage sy/em w give y ju/ice & give y ! full product ( y\r labor4 ,b :ile wages necess>ily imply surplus-labor1 ! rev]se is n true4 ,y c h surplus-labor )\t wages4 ,surplus-labor is n an inv5tion ( mod]n capitali/s4 ,s9ce ,mank9d em]g$ f ! /ate ( ,primitive ,communism typifi$ by ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 9 ! ,hebraic my?1 !re h be5 ?ree great sy/ems ( economic organization3 #a4 ,slav]y2 #b4 ,s]fdom2 #c4 ,! ,wage ,sy/em4 ,x is int]e/+ to note ! v>y+ appe>ances ( surplus or unpaid labor "u ^! ?ree sy/ems4 ,"u ! fir/1 ,slav]y1 all labor appe>s z unpaid labor4 ,?is is only a false appe>ance1 h[ev]4 ,dur+ a "p ( ! day ! slave only reproduces ! value ( 8 ma9t5ance or keep4 ,dur+ t "p ( ! day he works = himself j z truly z ! mod]n wage slave works = himself dur+ a "p ( 8 day4 ,b ! prop]ty relation conceals ! paid labor4 ,"u ! second sy/em1 ,s]fdom1 or ! ,feudal ,sy/em1--! paid labor & ! unpaid labor are absolutely sep>ate & di/9ct1 s t n ev5 ! mo/ gift$ or?odox political economi/ c confuse !m4 ,"u ! ?ird sy/em1 ,wage ,slav]y1 ! unpaid labor app>5tly falls to ,z]o4 ,!re is none4 ,y volunt>ily ent] into a b>ga91 agree+ t y\r day's "w is wor? s mu*1 & y receive ! full price agre$ ^u4 ,b aga9 ?is is only a false appe>ance4 ,z we saw by our analysis1 a "p ( ! wage-slave's day is devot$ to paid labor & a "p to unpaid4 ,"h wages or ! money relation conceals ! unpaid labor & disguises "u ! mask ( a volunt>y b>ga9 ! /ruggle ( ! work+ class to dim9i% or aboli% unpaid labor1 & ! class-consci\s1 pitiless /ruggle ( ! capitali/ class to increase ! unpaid labor & r$uce ! paid labor to ! m9imum1 i4 e41 to or bel[ ! level ( b>e subsi/5ce4 ,9 o!r words ! ,wage ,sy/em conceals ! ,class ,/ruggle4 ,,iii ,,! ,,class ,,/ruggle ,! ?ird ( ! great ideas t w always be associat$ ) ! "n ( ,k>l ,m>x is t ( ! ,class ,/ruggle4 ,! ,class ,/ruggle is logically su* a necess>y consequ5ce ( bo? ! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory & ! ,law ( ,surplus-,value1 t z we h discuss$ !m at "s l5g?1 b little ne$ be said ( ! ,class ,/ruggle itself4 ,9 discuss+ ! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory we %[$ ) suffici5t fullness & cle>ness t1 9 ! language ( ! ,communi/ ,manife/o1 ,! hi/ory ( all hi!rto exi/+ society is ! hi/ory ( ,class ,/ruggles4 ,h5ce x is cle> ! doctr9e ( class /ruggles is a key to pa/ hi/ory4 ,b x is m ?an ?is4 ,x is a compass by :i* to /e] 9 ! pres5t /ruggle = ! emancipation ( ! prolet>iat1 :o _c1 =tunately1 emancipate !mselves )\t emancipat+ & ennobl+ all mank9d4 ,! ,law ( ,surplus-,value has %[n u t !re is a deep-seat$1 in]adicable conflict betwe5 ! direct class int]e/ ( ! prolet>iat :i* co9cides ) ! true int]e/s ( ! human race1 & ! direct1 consci\s guid+ int]e/ ( ! class :o own ! means ( production & di/ribution4 ,!re is "h a direct cla% betwe5 two ho/ile int]e/s4 ,?is fact has be5 skilfully hidd5 f ! eyes ( ! work]s 9 ! pa/1 b ! mod]n sociali/ movem5t1 aid$ by ! gr[+ brutality ( ! capitali/ class1 is mak+ x impossible to fool !m 9 ?is way mu* long]4 ,9 o!r words1 ! work+m5 are becom+ ,class-,consci\s1 i4 e41 consci\s ( ! fact t !y1 z a class1 h int]e/s :i* are 9 direct conflict ) ! selfi% int]e/s ( ! capitali/ class4 ,) ! gr[? ( ?is class-consci\sness ?is conflict ( int]e/s mu/ inevitably become a political class /ruggle4 ,! capitali/s1 ! economically privileg$ class1 /ruggle to reta9 possession ( ! ,/ate t !y may cont9ue to use x z a weapon to keep ! work+ class subjugat$1 s]vile & dep5d5t4 ,! prolet>iat1 ! work+-class1 /ruggle to obta9 possession ( ! ,/ate1 t !y may use x to de/roy e ve/ige ( economic privilege1 to aboli% private prop]ty 9 ! means ( production & di/ribution1 & ?us put an end to ! division ( society into classes1 & u%] 9 ! society ( ! future1 ! ,co-op]ative ,commonweal?4 ,z ! ,/ate is 9 its v nature a class in/rum5t1 z its exi/5ce is dep5d5t ^u ! exi/5ce ( di/9ct classes1 ! ,/ate 9 ! h&s ( ! victori\s prolet>iat w commit suicide1 by te>+ d[n its own f\ndation4 ,until a man p]ceives & is ke5ly consci\s ( ?is class conflict1 a conflict :i* admits ( no truce or compromise1 & ranges himself on ! side ( ! work]s to rema9 !re until ! battle is f\ght & ! victory won1 until ! prolet>iat %all h conqu]$ ! public p[]s1 tak5 possession ( t class in/rum5t1 ! ,/ate 7= s long z ! ,/ate exi/s x w be a class in/rum5t7 & made x 9 ! h&s ( ! work+ class a tool to aboli% private own]%ip 9 ! tools & ! l&1 9 ! means ( production & di/ribution1 & to aboli% all classes by absorb+ !m all 9 ! ,bro!rhood ( ,man2 until a man has ?us %[n himself cle>ly consci\s ( ! ,class ,/ruggle1 ) its necess>y implications1 8 he>t may be 9 ! "r place1 b labor+ m5 c n tru/ him z a lead]4 ,! fact t ! he>ts ( _m popul> re=m]s1 political c&idates & s-call$ fri5ds ( labor1 :o ignore ! class /ruggle1 are on ! "r side1 b gives !m add$ p[] to mislead & betray work+m54 ,work+m51 ,i beg y to foll[ no lead] :o has n a cle> en\gh head to see t !re is a class /ruggle1 & a l>ge en\gh he>t to place himself on y\r side ( t /ruggle4 ,b rememb] t y are n fight+ ! battle ( a class alone4 ,y are fight+ = ! future welf>e ( ! :ole human race4 ,b :ile ?is is true1 x is also true t y\r class mu/ be> ! brunt ( ?is battle1 = y\rs is ! only class t1 9 ! language ( ! ,manife/o1 has no?+ b its *a9s to lose1 & a ,_w to ga96 ,! ri* h mu* to lose1 & ?is v real & tangible risk ( loss n unnaturally bl9ds ! eyes ( mo/ ( !m to ! m remote1 ?\gh inf9itely great] comp5sations t ,socialism has to (f] !m4 ,! ,middle ,class1 ev5 d[n to ^? :o are j a r\nd above ! prolet>ians on ! social ladd]1 love to ape ! v ri* & ! capitali/ magnates4 ,x tickles _! silly vanity to fancy t _! int]e/s are capitali/ic int]e/s1 & _! m5tal horizon is too hopelessly limit$ = !m to p]ceive t ! prolet>iat :om x pleases !m to despise z ! great army ( ! unwa%$ are 9 tru? fight+ _! battles = !m1 & receiv+ in/ead ( gratitude1 contempt1 gibes & sne]s4 ,socialism does occasionally receive a recruit f ! v highe/ /ratum ( society1 b ,i tell y x is easi] = a camel to pass ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le ?an x is = a memb] ( ! ,middle ,class to become a sci5tific sociali/4 ,i h said ! ,class ,/ruggle is a compass to /e] by 9 ! pres5t /ruggle = ! emancipation ( ! work+ class4 ,if we /e] by ?is compass1 we w resolutely reject all ov]tures f political p>ties repres5t+ ! int]e/s ( o!r classes1 ev5 :5 su* p>ties 9 _! plat=m endorse "s ( ! imm$iate dem&s ( ! sociali/s2 we w fe> ! ,greeks br++ gifts2 we w n be s$uc$ = a mom5t by ! idea ( fusion ) any s-call$ ,sociali/ p>ty :i* is n av[$ly bas$ on ! ,class ,/ruggle2 especially z individuals w we avoid giv+ our votes or our support to any ,middle ,class p>ty :i* we may at times fancy to be mov+ 9 ! "r direction4 ,! hi/ory ( ! class conflicts ( ! pa/ %[s t :5ev] ! prolet>ians h jo9$ =ces ) ! ,middle ,class or any section ( x1 ! prolet>ians h _h to be> ! heat & burd5 ( ! day & :5 ! victory has be5 won _! allies h robb$ !m ( its fruits4 ,y1 y\rselves1 !n1 ,work+m51 mu/ fight ?is battle6 ,to w91 x is true1 y w ne$ ! help ( memb]s ( ! o!r classes4 ,b ?is help ! economic evolution is con/antly br++ y4 ,x is a law ( ! economic evolution t ) ! progress ( indu/rialism ! ratio ( ! returns ( capital to ! capital inve/$ con/antly dim9i%es1 7?\gh ! aggregate volume ( ^? returns increases74 ,y see ?is 9 ! con/ant l[]+ ( ! rate ( int]e/4 ,n[1 z _! incomes decrease1 ! small capitali/s & ! middle class1 :o =m ! va/ majority ( ! possess+ class1 become unable to cont9ue to support ! memb]s ( ! lib]al pr(essions1 ! prie/s1 prea*]s1 lawy]s1 editors1 lectur]s1 etc41 ^: *ief function h]et(ore has be5 to fool ! work+ class into support+ or at lea/ submitt+ to ! pres5t sy/em4 ,n[1 :5 ! income ( ^! unproductive labor]s1 an income drawn f ! class ho/ile to ! prolet>iat1 %all s5sibly decrease or1 worse /ill1 cease1 ^! educat$ memb]s ( ! lib]al pr(essions w des]t ! army ( ,capital & br+ a mu*-ne$$ re9=cem5t to ! ,army ( ,labor4 ,"s ( ! m f>-see+ uphold]s ( ! pres5t sy/em are ke5ly consci\s ( ?is dang]4 ,& ?is dang] 7ev5 ?\gh mo/ ( ! expansioni/s may n realize x71 is "o ( ! mo/ pot5t causes ( ! ,imp]ialism1 ,milit>ism1 & ,j+oism :i* are at pres5t disgrac+ ! civiliz$ _w4 ,engl& 9 ,africa1 & ,am]ica 9 ! ,philipp9es are pursu+ _! pres5t crim9al policies1 n solely to op5 new m>kets = ,engli% & ,am]ican goods1 b also to secure new fields = ! inve/m5t ( ,engli% & ,am]ican capital1 & ?us to /op ! cont9u\s dropp+ ( ! rate ( int]e/ & pr(its1 = if ?is _c be /opp$1 ! intellectual prolet>iat w jo9 ! sweat+ prolet>iat1 & ! ,co-op]ative ,commonweal? w be e/abli%$ & !n ! poor capitali/s w h to "w = _! liv+s l o!r p4 ,?is 0 cle>ly po9t$ out by a capitali/ writ] 9 an essay 9 a rec5t numb] ( ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 :o w>n$ ! capitali/ oppon5ts ( ,mc,kinley1 ,de/9y ,co4's policy ( expansion t !y 7 attempt+ to close ! only safety-valve :i* "u pres5t conditions c\ld1 n av]t1 b po/pone ! ,social ,revolution4#c ,b1 fri5ds1 no?+ c po/pone x long1 = ! indu/rial crises & f9ancial panics are recurr+ at %ort] & %ort] int]vals1 & ! process ( recov]y f !m is sl[] & sl[]1 & e panic & crisis =ces ?\s&s ( educat$1 intellig5t memb]s ( ! middle class (f _! n>r[ & prec>i\s foo?old d[n into ! ranks ( ! prolet>iat1 :]e ! h>d logic ( ! facts w conv]t !m to class-consci\s ,socialism4 ,work+m51 ,i congratulate y ^u ! approa*+ victory ( ! work]s & ! adv5t ( ! ,co-op]ative ,commonweal?1 = ,i tell y1 9 ! language ( an ,engli% comrade3 ,failure on failure may seem to defeat u2 ultimate failure is impossible4 ,see+ :at is to be done !n1 see+ :at ! rew>d is1 ,see+ :at ! t]ms are1--are y will+ to jo9 u8 ,w y l5d u ! aid ( y\r voice1 y\r money1 y\r sympa?y8 ,may we take y by ! h& & call y ',comrade'8 ,,footnote3 #c ,! expansion policy also acts z a safety-valve by promot+ ! emigration ( ! discont5t$ & by provid+ employm5t abroad = ! educat$ prolet>ians :o w\ld1 no d\bt1 become dang]\s & inc5di>y ,sociali/ agitators 9 _! native l&s4 ,,m>xism ,,& ,,e?ics 7,wil%ire's ,magaz9e1 ,novemb]1 #aije74 ,:at are wrong1 "r1 vice1 virtue1 bad & good8 ,m]e :ips to sc\rge ! backs t nak$ be> ,! burd5 ( ! _w--b5t backs t d>e ,n rise erect1 defy ! tyrant1 ,%\ld1 ,& freely1 boldly d ! ?+s !y w\ld4 ,9 liv+'s joy !y r>ely h a %>e2 ,!y look beyond ! grave1 & hope t !re ,!y'll be repaid1 poor fools1 = be+ good4 ,to s]ve ?y ma/]1 t is virtue1 ,slave2 ,to d ?y w1 enjoy sweet life1 is vice4 ,poor duty-ridd5 s]f1 rebel1 =get ,?y ma/]-taught morality2 be brave ,en\gh to make ?is e>? a ,p>adise ,:]eon ! ,sun ( ,joy %all nev] set6 ,?anks to mod]n sci5ce--! *ild ( ! ma*9e process--! univ]sality ( ! law ( cause & effect is n[ assum$ on all h&s4 ,9 ,labriola's /rong words1 ,no?+ happ5s by *ance4 ,! ,m>xi/ believes ?is 9 all its fulness4 ,to him sy/ems ( religion1 codes ( e?ics & s*ools ( art are1 9 ! la/ analysis1 j z mu* products ( mat]ial causes z are boots or sausages4 ,!re are "s intellectual ,sociali/s ^: mode ( life has %ield$ !m f ! discipl9e ( ! ,ma*9e ,process--! inexorable inculcator ( causation--:o attempt to place religion & e?ics & o!r ideological ph5om5a 9 a sep>ate category n to be acc\nt$ = by ! mat]iali/ic conception ( hi/ory4 ,^! may turn to ,m>x & we>y _! auditors by _! it]ation ( ,"l6 ,"l6 b v]ily !y "k n ! m9d ( ! ,ma/]4 ,) ,m>x matt] always comes fir/1 ?\ght second4 ,! dialectic mat]ialism ( ! ,sociali/ is an all-inclusive philosophy1 acc\nt+ = all ph5om5a--z fully = ^? call$ spiritual z = ! mo/ grossly mat]ial4 ,! man :o n>r[s ?is dialectic mat]ialism d[n to economic det]m9ism & !n def9es ! latt] z mean+ t ! economic factor has be5 ! dom9ant factor--among _m indep5d5t factors--9 produc+ ! civilization ( to-day1 may be a s9c]e ,sociali/1 b he is no ,m>xi/4 ,! "w ( ! !oretical ,m>xi/ w n be done till ! orig9 & developm5t ( all religions1 philosophies1 & sy/ems ( e?ics h be5 expla9$ & acc\nt$ = by ref]5ce to mat]ial & economic causes4 ,to und]/& hi/ory ! prim>y requisite is to und]/& ! processes by :i* ! mat]ial means ( life h be5 produc$ & di/ribut$4 ,! rul+ ideas ( e age h ev] be5 ! ideas ( its rul+ class4 ,?is applies ( ideas ( "r & wrong--( :at is commonly kn[n z morality--z fully z to ideas ( any o!r k9d4 ,conduct t has t5d$ to p]petuate ! p[] ( ! economically dom9ant class--s9ce ! increase ( weal? has divid$ society into classes--has ev] be5 acc\nt$ moral conduct2 conduct t has t5d$ to weak5 or subv]t ! p[] ( ! rul+ class has always be5 br&$ z immoral4 ,!re y h ! key to all ! v>y+ codes ( e?ics ! _w has se54 ,= x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ideas ( "r & wrong are n absolute1 b relative2 n fix$1 b fluid1 *ang+ ) ! *anges 9 our modes ( produc+ food1 clo!s & %elt]4 ,morality v>ies n only ) "t1 b ) social altitude4 ,:at 0 acc\nt$ a virtue 9 a bold b>on ( ! feudal days 0 a crime 9 t same b>on's s]f4 ,! pipe-l9e h& :o regulates 8 daily life by ! same moral ideas :i* h made ,john ,d4 ,rockefell] a %9+ example ( piety w f9d himself beh9d prison b>s4 ,e?ics simply regi/] ! decrees by :i* ! rul+ class /amps ) approval or br&s ) c5sure human conduct solely ) ref]5ce to ! effect ( t conduct ^u ! welf>e ( _! class4 ,?is does n mean t any rul+ class has ev] _h ! wit to devise ab initio a code ( e?ics p]fectly adapt$ to fur!r _! int]e/s4 ,f> f x4 ,! process has seldom1 if ev]1 be5 a consci\s "o4 ,by a process ak9 to natural selection 9 ! organic _w1 ! rul+ class le>ns by exp]i5ce :at conduct is helpful & :at hurtful to x1 & blesses 9 ! "o case & damns 9 ! o!r4 ,& z ! rul+ class has always controll$ all ! av5ues by :i* ideas rea* ! s-call$ l[] classes1 !y h h]et(ore be5 able to impose ^u ! subject classes j ^? morals :i* 7 be/ adapt$ to prolong _! subjection4 ,ev5 to-day 9 ,am]ica ! majority ( ! work+ class get _! ideas--l _! clo!s--ready-made4 ,b !re is an ev]-gr[+ portion ( ! work+ class :om ! ev]-increas+ sev]ity ( ! discipl9e ( ! ma*9e process is tea*+ m & m to ?9k solely 9 t]ms ( mat]ial cause & effect4 ,to !m1 j z mu* z to ! s*ol> :o has le>n$ by /udy ! relativity ( e?ics1 curr5t morality has ceas$ to appeal4 ,x is idle to talk ( ! w ( ,god1 or ( ab/ract1 absolute ideas ( "r & wrong to ! sociological s*ol> & ! prolet>ian ( ! factory alike4 ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw1 9 ! preface to ,plays1 ,pleasant & ,unpleasant1 says3 ,i h no respect = popul> morality4 ,a few weeks s9ce1 a work+man1 :o _h be5 li/5+ to a /]eotyp$ s5tim5tal h>angue emitt$ by "o ( our amiable ,utopian comrades1 %[$ me ! palms ( 8 h&s1 :i* 7 ?ickly /udd$ ) call\ses1 & ask$ me1 ,:at ! hell has a fell[ ) a pair ( mits l ^? to d ) morality8 ,:at ,i want is ! goods4 ,%aw meant j :at he wrote2 yet ! critics w cont9ue to treat 8 utt]ance z "o ( ,b]n>d ,%aw's delightfully witty p>adoxes4 ,my fri5d meant j :at he said2 yet ,salvation ,armyi/s & o!r good ,*ri/ians w cont9ue to prea* to him & 8 k9d a religion & a morality :i* h become mean+less to !m4 ,organiz$ gov]nm5t1 ) its p[] to make laws & levy taxes--9 o!r words1 ! ,/ate--only came into exi/5ce ) ! division ( society into classes4 ,! ,/ate is1 9 its v ess5ce1 a class in/rum5t--an ag5cy 9 ! h&s ( ! rul+ class to keep ! masses 9 subjection4 ,h5ce ! "n1 ,/ate1 _c fitly be appli$ to ! social organization ( a society 9 :i* !re are no classes1 :e!r t society be ! primitive communi/ gr\p ( savag]y or ! co-op]ative commonweal? ( ! future4 ,! ^w capital1 _c be appli$ to ! ma*9]y & means ( production 9 any & e society4 ,!y only become capital :5 !y are us$ z means to exploit 7rob7 a subject class ( work]s1 & :5 !y %all cease to be s us$ !y w cease to be capital4 ,! ^w wages1 necess>ily implies ! extraction ( surplus-value 7pr(its7 f ! work]s by a p>asitic class2 h5ce1 t %>e ( ! social product :i* ! work]s ( ! future w devote to individual consumption _c be correctly spok5 ( z wages4 ,9 ! same way1 morality is1 9 its v ess5ce1 a class in/itution--a set ( rules ( conduct en=c$ or inculcat$ = ! b5efit ( a class4 ,h5ce1 to speak ( ! morality ( ! future1 :5 "o ref]s to ! classless society to :i* ,sociali/s look =w>d1 is ! height or ! dep? ( absurdity4 ,9 ! free fell[%ip ( ! future !re w be no morality4 ,?is is n say+ t !re w be no crit]ia by :i* conduct w be prais$ or deplor$2 x is simply say+ t ) ! abolition ( classes1 morality1 l ! ,/ate1 capital & wages1 be+ a product ( class-divisions1 w cease to exi/4 ,:ile ! revolution>y prolet>iat h no respect = curr5t morality1 x is none ! less true t !y h 9 process ( gr[? a morality ( _! own--a morality t has already em]g$ f ! embryonic /age4 ,! prolet>iat are to be ! active ag5ts 9 br++ to pass ! social revolution :i* is to put a p]iod to ,capitalism & u%] 9 ! new ord]4 ,dur+ ?is transition p]iod & until ! *ange is fully accompli%$1 !y w be a di/9ct class ) special class int]e/s ( _! own4 ,z fa/ z !y become class-consci\s !y w recognize & praise z moral all conduct t t5ds to ha/5 ! social revolution--! triumph ( _! class1 & !y w condemn z unhesitat+ly z immoral all conduct t t5ds to prolong ! dom9ance ( ! capitali/ class4 ,already we c note manife/ations ( ?is new prolet>ian morality 9 t s5se ( class solid>ity exhibit$ by ! work]s 9 ! _m acts ( k9dness & assi/ance ( ! employ$ to ! unemploy$1 & m especially 9 ! dete/ation 9 :i* ! scab is held4 ,! revolution>y work+man1 be he av[$ ,sociali/ or n1 :o repudiates ! curr5t or capitali/ morality1 does n ab&on himself to unbridl$ lic5se1 b is /raightway b\nd by ! obligations ( ! adolesc5t prolet>ian morality :i* is en=c$ ) ev] great] vigor by ! public op9ion ( 8 class z 8 class gr[s 9 class-consci\sness4 ,does ! new morality condemn :at ! old br&$ z crimes aga9/ prop]ty8 ,x mu/ be confess$ t ! revolution>y work] has absolutely no respect = natural rights--includ+ ! "r ( prop]ty--z su*4 ,h5ce1 z ! act ( an individual 9 appropriat+ ! goods ( ano!r is n likely ei!r to help or to injure 8 class1 he nei!r approves or condemns x on moral gr\nds2 b kn[+1 z he does1 t 8 class enemies1 ! capitali/s1 own n only ! goods1 b also ! c\rts & ! police1 he condemns !ft by a work+man z suicidal folly4 ,! ,m>xi/ absolutely d5ies ! fre$om ( ! w4#d ,e human action is inevitable4 ,no?+ happ5s by *ance4 ,e ?+ is because x _c b be4 ,h[ !n c we consi/5tly praise or blame any conduct8 ,if "o c>es to make hair-splitt+ di/9ctions1 x may be repli$ t we _c1 b none ! less we c rejoice at "s actions & deplore o!rs4 ,& ! love ( praise1 ) its obv]se1 ! fe> ( blame1 has ev] be5 "o ( ! /ronge/ motives to human conduct4 ,x is n necess>ily ! applause ( ! ?\ghtless multitude t "o seeks2 b 9 writ+ ?is pap]1 :i* ,i "k w be misund]/ood or condemn$ by ! majority ( ^? :o read x1 und\bt$ly "o ( my motives is to w9 ! approbation ( ! disc]n+ few = ^: good op9ion ,i deeply c>e4 ,! pass5g]s ^: tra9 has come to a /&/ill on a /eep up-grade ow+ to ! ineffici5cy ( ! eng9e1 w n fail to greet ) a he>ty *e] ! approa* ( a m p[]ful locomotive4 ,9 ! same way1 ,sociali/ work+m51 ?\gh !y "k t no human act des]ves ei!r praise or blame1 ?\gh !y "k1 9 ! words ( ! wise old ,fr5*man1 t compr5dre t\t1 c'e/ p>donn] t\t1 or1 bett] yet1 t to und]/& all is to und]/& t !re is no?+ to p>don1 w n be *>y ( _! *e]s to him :o is able to advance _! cause1 nor ( _! curses ^u him :o betrays x4 ,& 9 s do+ !y w n be inconsi/5t1 b w be act+ 9 /rict accordance ) t law ( cause & effect :i* is ! v fundam5t ( all prolet>ian reason+2 = ^? *e]s & curses w be pot5t factors 9 caus+ su* conduct z w spe$ ! social revolution4 ,:ile we h no respect = curr5t morality1 we mu/ n fall into ! error ( suppos+ t !re are no crit]ia by :i* to judge conduct1 t !re are1 s to say1 no valid di/9ctions betwe5 ! acts ( a h]o & ^? ( a blackgu>d4 ,by ref]r+ to ! e?ic inspir+ ! actor we c always pron\nce "s conduct to be f9e & o!r acts base4 ,x is ?is p[] ( a f9e or noble action to ?rill ! human he>t t makes ! triumphs ( dramatic art possible4 ,! dramati/s1 l ,%akespe>e1 ^: *>act]s accept ! curr5t moral code1 appeal to a wide audi5ce--to ne>ly all4 ,b ^? dramati/s1 su* z ,ibs51 ,%aw1 ,maet]l9ck1 & above all1 ,sud]mann1 ^: h]oes & h]o9es attempt to put into practice ! ideals ( to-morr[ 9 ! environm5t ( to-day1 are misund]/ood & dislik$ by ! majority1 & und]/ood & appreciat$ only by ! few :o1 l !mselves1 h reject$ ! curr5t code & adopt$ ! crit]ia ( to-morr[4 ,b ^? ( u :o call ,sud]mann ! fir/ ( liv+ dramati/s1 d s on acc\nt ( ! extreme nobility ( 8 h]o9es' conduct judg$ by ! crit]ia ( ! future4 ,:ile !re w be no morality 9 ,sociali/ society2 :ile 9 ! p]fect solid>ity ( a classless society !re c be no conflict ( individual ) social int]e/s2 !re w nev]!less be c]ta9 actions exceptionally fitt$ to increase ! welf>e & augm5t ! happ9ess ( ! community1 & ! m5 & wom5 :o p]=m ^! acts w und\bt$ly be rew>d$ by ! plaudits & ! love ( _! comrades4 ,inde$1 we ) our debas$ /&>ds are incapable ( conceiv+ h[ de> to !m ?is rew>d w be4 ,x is because ,i believe t ?is love ( "o's fell[s "u ,socialism w be a joy f> exce$+ 9 int5sity any pleasure kn[n to u1 t ,i look = dramatic art to rea* "u ,socialism a p]fection & influ5ce to-day inconceivable4 ,! mo/ /rik+ ph5om5on 9 ! field ( e?ics to-day is ! rapid gr[? ( ! new prolet>ian morality2 & "o ( ! pr9cipal functions ( ! ,sociali/ agitator & propag&i/ is to facilitate & fur!r ?is gr[?4 ,he is ! tea*] ( a new morality &1 if "o accept$ ,mat!w ,arnold's def9ition ( religion z morality t\*$ ) emotion1 he might be call$ ! prea*] ( a new religion4 ,let :o w call ?is s5tim5talism1 x is none ! less h>d fact4 ,=1 aft] all1 ?is new prolet>ian e?ic is no?+ else ?an class-consci\sness "u a new "n4 ,& :at ,sociali/ w d5y t ! *ief function ( ! militant ,sociali/ is to develop class-consci\sness 9 ! work]s8 ,! "o hope ( ! _w to-day is 9 ! victory ( ! prolet>iat--aye1 x is m ?an a hope1 x is a c]ta9ty2 b ?is victory c only be won by a prolet>iat p]meat$ ) ! s5se ( solid>ity2 & ! work+man imbu$ ) ?is s5se ( prolet>ian solid>ity w be a liv+ inc>nation ( ! new morality4 ,& :at is ?is class-consci\sness :i* x is our bus9ess to prea* 9 season & out ( season8 ,!re is probably no t]m 9 ! :ole te*nical vocabul>y ( ,socialism :i* grates s unpleasantly on ! e> ( ! petit b\rgeois :o is com+ our way z ?is "o ( class-consci\sness4 ,to say class-consci\sness is n to say class hatr$2 ?\gh class-consci\sness (ttimes develops into class hatr$ & does n !reby become ! less effective4 ,! ,sociali/ recognizes 9 ! words ( ,edmund ,burke t ,man acts n f metaphysical consid]ations1 b f motives relative to 8 int]e/s1 & h5ce1 he reg>ds x z 8 fir/ duty to %[ 8 fell[-work]s t _! economic int]e/s are 9 direct conflict ) ^? ( ! ma/]-class4 ,he does n create ?is conflict by po9t+ x out2 he m]ely %[s ! work+ class :]e !y are at4 ,b besides po9t+ out ?is conflict ( mat]ial int]e/s1 ! ,sociali/ propag&i/ %[s ! work]s t x is _! high de/9y to accompli% a revolution f> m glori\s & pregnant ) bless+s = humanity ?an any ( ^? record$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! pa/4 ,?is consci\sness ( ! great "p t he & 8 class are call$ to play on ! _w's /age is ! mo/ uplift+ & ennobl+ influ5ce t c ent] ! life ( a work+man4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! s5tim5t express$ by ! words1 noblesse oblige1 has _h an influ5ce on ! lives ( ! m wor?y ( ! ari/ocrats4 ,simil> 9 its nature is ! influ5ce "h "u consid]ation1 & t ?is influ5ce is n less pot5t is well kn[n to e "o acqua9t$ ) ! m5 & wom5 :o =m :at is kn[n z ! ,sociali/ ,movem5t4 ,! non-,sociali/1 :o wi%es to see ! effect ( ?is influ5ce1 has b to read ev5 9 ! files ( ! capitali/ press ! acc\nts ( ! high & noble be>+ ( ! m>tyrs ( ! ,p>is ,commune :o fac$ dea? ) calm & *e]ful c\rage1 ?\gh !y 7 buoy$ up by no hope ( a h]eaft]4 ,:ile we cont9ue devot+ our :ole en]gies to ar\s+ 9 our fell[-work]s a ke5 & cle> consci\sness ( ! hide\s class-/ruggle n[ wag+ 9 all its brutal bitt]ness1 let u keep our c\rage high & our hope bright by keep+ our eyes ev] fix$ ^u ! glori\s future1 ^u ! wond]ful days a-com+ :5 all %all be bett] ?an well6 ,,footnote3 #d ,x w be se5 t ! text treats ! long-debat$ "q ( ! fre$om ( ! w z res adjudicata4 ,x may be t "s read]s w want to "k :]e to turn = full] discussions ( ?is fam\s "q4 ,z a full bibliography ( ! lit]ature on ?is subject w\ld m ?an fill ?is volume1 ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) tell+ !m t a v helpful discussion ( x may be f\nd 9 ,huxley's ,life ( ,hume1 & a cle> & succ9ct /atem5t ( ! conclusions ( ! mod]n s*ool ( psy*ology 9 ,f]ri's ,! ,positive ,s*ool ( ,crim9ology4 ,bo? ( ^! are to be _h 9 *eap =m4 ,,in/ead ,,( ,a ,,footnote#e ,a photograph ( a ,fif? ,av5ue mansion1 tak5 f ! p>tition wall 9 ! back-y>d1 might be a p]fectly accurate picture & yet give a v inadequate idea ( ! h\se z a :ole4 ,?is article on ,m>xism & ,e?ics is1 9 a s5se1 j su* a picture4 ,9 writ+ x1 space limitations compell$ me to conf9e myself :olly to impress+ ^u ! read] ! relative & transitory "* ( moral codes4 ,b 9 ! popul> concept ( morality !re are elem5ts t are relatively p]man5t4 ,d>w9 9 8 ,desc5t ( ,man %[$ t ! greg>i\s & social traits t make associat$ life possible ant$ate1 n only ! division ( society into classes1 b ev5 ant$ate humanity itself1 s9ce !y pla9ly appe> 9 ! s-call$ l[] animals4 ,s t my cont5tion t morality only came into be+ ) ! division ( society into classes & w pass away :5 class divisions are aboli%$1 becomes a "q ( def9ition4 ,if we include 9 our def9ition ( morality ! almo/ univ]sal & relatively p]man5t greg>i\s traits ( m5 & bea/s1 !n morality has exi/$ long] ?an humanity itself1 & w cont9ue to exi/ "u ,socialism4 ,b x _c be d5i$ t moral codes 7 n =mulat$ until aft] class-divisions _h aris54 ,e moral code ( :i* we h any k has be5 m\ld$ by ! cultural discipl9e ( a society bas$ on class-divisions4 ,9 e "o ( !m !re is impli$ ! relation ( /atus1 ( a sup]ior1 natural or sup]natural1 ) ! "r or p[] to =mulate comm&m5ts1 & ( an inf]ior class ^: lot x is to obey4 ,we f9d ?is implication ( /atus 9 ev5 ! noble/ expressions ( curr5t e?ical aspirations4 ,wordswor?'s immortal ,ode to ,duty beg9s1 ,/]n ,daught] ( ! ,voice ( ,god6 ,s9ce !n morality z a ^w ?r\gh ! =ce ( immemorial habit unavoidably sugge/s to ! m9d ! relation ( /atus1 x appe>s to me t its use to describe truly social conduct 9 a society ( equals c lead to no?+ b confusion4 ,:at we really ne$ is ! "r ^w to apply to ! highe/ conduct 9 a classless society2 &1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t a g5]ation to :om ! idea ( /atus w h become :olly ali5 w f9d ! ^w social entirely adequate = ?is purpose1 ?\gh ,i frankly confess x is n adequate = u ,9 ! days ( ! ye>s we dwell 91 t we> our lives away4 ,my /atem5t t ! ,revolution>y work] ab/a9s f crimes aga9/ prop]ty f exp$i5cy r ?an f pr9ciple mu/ n be con/ru$ into an allegation t fe> ( p]sonal puni%m5t is ! only gr\nd = ab/a9+ f su* crimes4 ,if x 7 n = ! /upidity & malice ( our oppon5ts ,i w\ld feel t ,i 0 insult+ my read]s by mak+ ?is explanation2 b = _! b5efit be x said t 9 a society bas$ economically ^u ! in/itution ( private prop]ty social life is impossible )\t respect 7respect "h ref]s to acts1 n to m5tal attitude7 = private prop]ty4 ,crimes aga9/ prop]ty are di/9ctly unsocial4 ,b respect = ! rights ( prop]ty is rapidly dis9tegrat+ bo? among tru/ magnates & prolet>ians4 ,! ,natural ,rights ,philosophy#f /ill has mu* vitality 9 ! middle classes1 b z a broad /atem5t x w hold good t ! millionaire or ! prolet>ian :o %[s respect = private prop]ty 7! private prop]ty ( o!rs1 be x und]/ood7 does s *iefly on gr\nds ( exp$i5cy4 ,! sociali/ mat]iali/ is well cont5t to leave ?is :ole "q ( e?ics to adju/ itself1 s9ce he kn[s t equality ( condition1 ! economic basis ( ,socialism1 w necess>ily evolve a mode ( liv+1 & /&>ds ( conduct 9 p]fect h>mony ) _! economic environm5t4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,x may be z well to /ate t ?is 0 writt5 be=e ! writ] _h read ,k>l ,kautsky's illum9at+ "w1 ,e?ics & ! ,mat]iali/ ,conception ( ,hi/ory4 #f ,= a full] discussion ( ! relation ( curr5t conceptions ( prop]ty-rights to ! ,natural ,rights ,philosophy see ,vebl5's ,! ,!ory ( ,bus9ess ,ent]prise1 ,*apt]s ,,ii & ,,viii1 & ,la ,monte's pap] ,vebl51 ,! ,revolutioni/1 ,int]national ,sociali/ ,review1 ,vol4 ,v4 pp4 #gbf-gci4 ,,! ,,nihilism ,,( ,,socialism4 ,9 _! negative proposals ! sociali/s & an>*i/s are fairly agre$4 ,x is 9 ! metaphysical po/ulates ( _! prote/ & 9 _! con/ructive aims t !y "p company4 ,( ! two1 ! sociali/s are m widely out ( t\* ) ! e/abli%$ ord]4 ,!y are also m hopelessly negative & de/ructive 9 _! ideals1 z se5 f ! /&po9t ( ! e/abli%$ ord]4 ,,?or/e9 ,,vebl5 9 ,! ,!ory ( ,bus9ess ,ent]prise4 ,page #cch4 ,to label a tru? a truism is too (t5 reg>d$ z equival5t to plac+ x 9 ! category ( ! negligible4 ,x is precisely ! sali5t obvi\sness1 :i* makes a tru? a truism1 t places x 9 ! dire/ p]il ( oblivion 9 ! /ress ( mod]n life4 ,su* a tru? 0 well /at$ by ,enrico ,f]ri1 ! ,italian crim9ologi/1 9 a rec5t lecture be=e ! /ud5ts ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,naples3 ,)\t an ideal1 nei!r an individual nor a collectivity c live1 )\t x humanity is dead or dy+4 ,= x is ! fire ( an ideal :i* r5d]s ! life ( ea* "o ( u possible1 useful & f]tile4 ,& only by its help c ea* "o ( u1 9 ! long] or %ort] c\rse ( 8 or h] exi/5ce1 leave beh9d traces = ! b5efit ( fell[-be+s4 ,platitude ?\gh ?is may be1 our greate/ poets h n hesitat$ to use _! highe/ p[]s to impress x ^u u4 ,rob]t ,br[n+ put ?is tru? into ! m\? ( ,&rea del ,s>to 9 "o ( ! /ronge/ l9es 9 all ,engli% v]se1 ,ah1 b a man's rea* %\ld exce$ 8 grasp4 ,mr4 ,george ,s4 ,/reet1 9 a v int]e/+ pap] 9 ,putnam's ,mon?ly = ,novemb] 7#aijf71 po9ts out t ! mo/ significant contra/ betwe5 our "t & ,e>ly ,victorian days is a decrease 9 idealism4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic note1 he tells u1 9 ! m5tal attitude ( ! =ties & fifties 9 ,engl&1 & t 9 :i* !y contra/ mo/ %>ply ) our own times1 0 confid5ce4444 ,9 p>ty politics ?is confid5ce 0 almo/ )\t limit4 ,!re 0 a section ( ,cons]vatism :i* really believ$ 9 ?+s z !y 71 & ?\ght x undesirable to attempt any *ange = ! bett]4444 ,x 0 simply--,i speak ( a section1 n ! p>ty z a :ole--! articulate emotion ( privileg$ & cont5t$ p & _! p>asites1 & its d5om9ation z '/upid' 0 an accurate description1 ?\gh h>dly ! brilliant epigram = :i*1 9 our pov]ty ( political wit1 x has be5 tak54 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re 0 a confid5t ,lib]alism :i* inspir$ a :ole p>ty4 ,"s wi%$ to g fa/]1 "s sl[]1 b all believ$ s9c]ely 9 a broad s*eme ( dome/ic policy4 ,!y 7 to re=m ?is & t at home2 !y 7 to assi/1 or at lea/ applaud1 ! re=m+ ( ?is & t abroad4 ,s believ+ & int5d+1 !y naturally conceiv$ !mselves made v little inde$ l[] ?an ! angels4 ,! contra/ ) our own day h>dly ne$s po9t+4 ,y might n[ se>* long & 9 va9 = a ,cons]vative 9 public life :o w\ld n admit t re=ms are desirable or ev5 urg5t1 ?\gh few might be prep>$ ) precise /atem5ts ab\t p>ticul>s4444 ,b _! 7! ,lib]als'7 confid5ce 9 re=m1 9 _! ability to improve ! body politic by c]ta9 def9ite measures1 is gone4 ,! old ,lib]al _s animat+ a :ole p>ty is dead4 ,x may seem an odd rem>k to make j aft] ! late election1 b ! evid5ce is abundant1 & ! explanation simple4 ,dome/ic re=m on a l>ge scale & on individuali/ l9es has rea*$ its limit2 b to _m ,lib]als1 to _m em95t & au?oritative ,lib]als1 re=m on sociali/ l9es is abhorr5t4444 ,consequ5tly !re is a l>ge p>ty call$ ,lib]al1 :i*1 ?r\gh ! faults ( its oppon5ts & ! accid5ts ( "t1 is successful & has ! high spirits ( success1 b is no m n[ ?an x has be5 = tw5ty ye>s a p>ty ( homog5e\s confid5ce 9 dome/ic re=m1 :ile on ! _w outside ! ,briti% isl&s x looks ) passivity1 p]haps timidity1 c]ta9ly ) no int5tion ( assi/+ oppress$ peoples4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!oretical ,socialism ( a logical & ?\ghtful k9d1 n entangl$ ) ,radicalism1 has made mu* progress ( late ye>s1 m especially1 s f> z my own exp]i5ce goes1 9 ! educat$ & pr(essional classes2 b 9 practice x bides its "t1 ) confid5ce p]haps1 b ) a consci\sness t ! "t w be long com+4 ,t is a diff]5t _s f ! buoyant expectancy ( ! old ,lib]alism4 ,grant$ ! necessity ( idealism to individual & social heal?1 ,mr4 ,/reet's views d n conduce to optimism4 ,"h we h a compet5t obs]v] tell+ u t ! only note ( idealism he f9ds 9 contempor>y intellectual life is a gr[+1 b half-he>t$1 belief 9 ,socialism1 :i* is m noticeable 9 ! educat$ & pr(essional classes4 ,!re is ano!r note ( idealism 9 ! life ( to-day :i* ,mr4 ,/reet ignores4 ,?is is ! t5d5cy t[>d ! apo!osis ( ! individual 9 anti!sis to society4 ,?is is a sign ( heal?1 9 s f> z x is a revolt aga9/ ! /ifl+ pressure ( outworn conv5tionality1 & x has f\nd wor?y expression 9 ! philosophy ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ! poetry ( ,br[n+ & ,walt ,:itman4 ,b ?is =m ( idealism _c be said to diff]5tiate our "t f ! ,e>ly ,victorian era1 = x f\nd its classic expression back 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury 9 ,max ,/irn]'s ,d] ,e9zige und se9 ,eig5tum1 a book :i* has be5 =gott5 amid ! gr[+ consci\sness ( ! organic solid>ity ( society4 ,b ,mr4 ,/reet is possibly ju/ifi$ 9 ignor+ ?is t5d5cy1 = z a s*ool ( ?\ght x has committ$ suicide 9 ! p]son ( ,nietzs*e's ,ov]man attempt+ to con/ruct out ( mat]ials drawn f 8 inn] consci\sness a pair ( /ilts on :i* to t[] above ! h]d4 ,:at is ! lure ( ,socialism t is appeal+1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,/reet1 to m & m ( our educat$ & pr(essional p8 ,=1 9 spite ( :at ,pr(essor ,vebl5 truly says ( ! negative & de/ructive 79 ! quotation at ! head ( ?is pap]7 "* ( sociali/ ideals1 ,socialism mu/ hold up "s positive ideals to attract su* gr[+ numb]s ( ! educat$ classes4 ,to conv9ce oneself ( ! actuality ( ?is appeal x is only necess>y to run ov] ! writ]s' names 9 ! tables ( cont5ts 9 our popul> magaz9es4 ,! proportion ( sociali/s is surpris+ly l>ge & is con/antly gr[+4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! p]c5tage ( ,sociali/s among writ]s ( di/9ction is l>g] ?an ! p]c5tage ( sociali/s 9 ! population at l>ge4 ,socialism does pres5t c]ta9 v def9ite positive ideals4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ,com=t = ,all 7to use a *apt]-head+ f ,pr9ce ,kropotk9's too little kn[n book1 ,la ,conquete du ,pa974 ,! second is ,leisure = ,all1 or1 9 ,paul ,laf>gue's witty phrase1 ,! ,"r to be ,lazy4 ,! ?ird is ! fulle/ possible physical & intellectual developm5t ( e individual1 consid]$ n z an isolat$1 self-c5tr$ entity1 b z a memb] ( an int]dep5d5t society2 or1 9 ! words ( ,k>l ,m>x & ,fri$ri* ,engels 9 ! ,communi/ ,manife/o1 ! sociali/ ideal is an association 9 :i* ! free developm5t ( ea* is ! condition = ! free developm5t ( all4 ,x may be not$ t all t is vivify+ 9 ! ideal ( individualism is includ$ 9 ?is ?ird positive ideal ( ,socialism1 s t1 x is n[ se51 ,mr4 ,/reet 0 fully ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ no sep>ate m5tion ( ! ideal ( individualism4 ,!re c be no d\bt t x is ! imm5sely ri*] lit]>y & arti/ic life promis$ by ?is ?ird ideal ( ,socialism t acc\nts = ! ph5om5on not$ by ,mr4 ,/reet4 ,! beauties ( ! positive ideals ( ! sociali/ ,utopias h be5 suffici5tly laud$ by scores ( writ]s f ,sir ,?omas ,m to ,bellamy & ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells4 ,:at x is desir$ to emphasize "h is ! negative & de/ructive 7f ! /&po9t ( ! e/abli%$ ord]7 aspects ( sociali/ ideals2 = x is ! ,nihilism ( ,socialism t expla9s :y ,mr4 ,/reet's educat$ & pr(essional sociali/s h m pati5ce ?an confid5ce 9 await+ ! realization ( _! ideal4 ,! ,nihilism ( ,socialism turns aside _m1 :o h felt ! lure ( ! sociali/ ideal1 into :at ,pr(essor ,vebl5 calls1 "s excursion into pragmatic romance1#g su* z ,social ,settlem5ts1 ,prohibition1 ,clean ,politics1 ,s+le ,tax1 ,arts & ,crafts1 ,neighborhood ,guilds1 ,in/itutional ,*ur*1 ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce1 ,new ,?\ght1 ,he>/ism1 or "s su* cultural ?imble-rig4 ,yet m1 !re are _m ( ! educat$ & pr(essional classes :o call !mselves sociali/s1 because !y *]i% ! *>m+ delusion t x is possible to sep>ate ! positive f ! negative ideals ( ,socialism1 & to "w 79 a dilettante fa%ion7 = ! =m] :ile bli!ly ana!matiz+ ! latt]4 ,x is ! purpose ( ?is pap] to %[ t ,socialism is n a s*eme = ! bett]m5t ( humanity to be accompli%$ by a suffici5tly zeal\s & intellig5t propag&a1 b t x is1 on ! contr>y1 a consi/5t1 7?\gh to _m repell5t7 moni/ic philosophy ( ! cosmos2 t x is f its ,alpha to its ,omega s closely & inextricably int]lock$ t its compon5t p>ts _c be disassociat$1 save by an act ( intellectual suicide2 t1 9 a ^w1 ! ,nihilism#h ( ,socialism is ( ! v ess5ce ( ,socialism4 ,b1 "h1 a mo/ important di/9ction %\ld be not$4 ,socialism1 view$ z a political propag&a1 is purely positive 9 its dem&s4 ,9 fact1 all its dem&s may be r$uc$ to two--,collectivism & ,democracy4 ,t ! p %all own ! means ( production1 & ! produc]s %all control _! products--t is ! sum & sub/ance ( all ,sociali/ plat=ms4 ,sociali/ p>ties d n attack ,religion1 ! ,family1 or ! ,/ate4 ,b sociali/ philosophy proves conclusively t ! realization ( ! positive political & economic ideals ( ,socialism involves ! atrophy ( ,religion1 ! metamorphosis ( ! ,family1 & ! suicide ( ! ,/ate4 ,! ,nihilism ( ,socialism spr+s f ! ,mat]iali/ ,conception ( ,hi/ory1 & ?is is precisely ! portion ( ! sociali/ doctr9e t is usually ignor$ or half-und]/ood by ! en?usia/ic "y intellectuals :o are 9 gr[+ numb]s jo9+ ! ,sociali/ movem5t on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic4 ,:ile ! ,communi/ ,manife/o1 writt5 by ,k>l ,m>x & ,fri$ri* ,engels 9 #ahdg1 is ?r\gh\t f\nd$ on ?is conception1 ! fir/ cle>ly =mulat$ /atem5t ( ! conception itself is to be f\nd 9 ! ,preface to ! ,contribution to ! ,critique ( ,political ,economy1 publi%$ by ,k>l ,m>x 9 #ahei1 ! same ye> 9 :i* ,d>w9 & ,wallace made public _! indep5d5t & almo/ simultane\s discov]ies ( ! !ory ( ,natural ,selection4 ,?is fir/ /atem5t runs ?us3 ,9 ! social production :i* m5 c>ry on !y ent] into def9ite relations t are indisp5sable & indep5d5t ( _! w2 ^! relations ( production correspond to a def9ite /age ( developm5t ( _! mat]ial p[]s ( production4 ,! sum total ( ^! relations ( production con/itutes ! economic /ructure ( society--! real f\ndation1 on :i* rise legal & political sup]/ructures & to :i* correspond def9ite =ms ( social consci\sness4 ,! mode ( production 9 mat]ial life det]m9es ! g5]al "* ( ! social1 political1 & spiritual processes ( life4 ,x is n ! consci\sness ( m5 t det]m9es _! exi/5ce1 b1 on ! contr>y1 _! social exi/5ce det]m9es _! consci\sness4 ,at a c]ta9 /age ( _! developm5t1 ! mat]ial =ces ( production 9 society come 9 conflict ) ! exi/+ relations ( production1 or--:at is b a legal expression = ! same ?+--) ! prop]ty relations )9 :i* !y _h be5 at "w be=e4 ,f =ms ( developm5t ( ! =ces ( production ^! relations turn into _! fett]s4 ,!n comes ! p]iod ( social revolution4 ,) ! *ange ( ! economic f\ndation ! entire imm5se sup]/ructure is m or less rapidly trans=m$4#i ,?is /atem5t conta9s a :ole ,revolution 9 embryo4 ,view$ f ! /&po9t ( ! e/abli%$ ord]1 x is ! v ,qu9tess5ce ( ,nihilism4 ,9 a ^w1 x tea*es ! mat]ial orig9 ( ,ideas4 ,9 ! la/ analysis1 e idea c be trac$ back to ! economic & telluric environm5ts4 ,9 ! words ( ,joseph ,dietzg51 philosophy reveal$ to !m 7,m>x & ,engels7 ! basic pr9ciple t1 9 ! la/ resort1 ! _w is n gov]n$ by ,ideas1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! ,ideas by ! mat]ial _w4 ,?is doctr9e involves a new epi/emology1 ! di/+ui%+ m>k ( :i* is its d5ial ( ! immaculate conception ( ?\ght4 ,! human m9d1 accord+ to ,m>x & ,dietzg51 c only br+ =? ?\ght aft] x has be5 impregnat$ by ! objects ( s5se p]ception4#aj ,"h we h a ?or\gh-go+ sy/em ( mat]iali/ monism4 ,ours is ! organic conception ( hi/ory1 says ,labriola4 ,! totality ( ! unity ( social life is ! subject matt] pres5t to our m9ds4 ,x is economics itself :i* dissolves 9 ! c\rse ( "o process1 to reappe> 9 z _m morphological /ages1 9 ea* ( :i* x s]ves z a sub/ructure = all ! re/4 ,f9ally1 x is n our me?od to ext5d ! s-call$ economic factor isolat$ 9 an ab/ract fa%ion ov] all ! re/1 z our adv]s>ies imag9e1 b x is1 be=e ev]y?+ else1 to =m an hi/oric conception ( economics1 & to expla9 ! o!r *anges by means ( its *anges4#aa ,9 ano!r place he says3 ,ideas d n fall f heav51 & no?+ comes to u 9 a dream4444 ,! *ange 9 ideas1 ev5 to ! creation ( new me?ods ( conception1 has reflect$ little by little ! exp]i5ce ( a new life4 ,?is1 9 ! revolutions ( ! la/ two c5turies1 0 little by little despoil$ ( ! my?ical1 religi\s & my/ical envelopes 9 proportion z x acquir$ ! practical & precise consci\sness ( its imm$iate & direct conditions4 ,human ?\ght1 also1 :i* sums up ?is life & !orizes ^u x1 has little by little be5 plund]$ ( its !ological & metaphysical hypo!ses to take refuge f9ally 9 ?is prosaic ass]tion3 9 ! int]pretation ( hi/ory we mu/ limit ourselves to ! objective co-ord9ation ( ! det]m9+ conditions & ( ! det]m9$ effects4 ,he reit]ates3 ,ideas d n fall f heav52 &1 :at is m1 l ! o!r products ( human activity1 !y are =m$ 9 giv5 circum/ances1 9 ! precise fulness ( "t1 ?r\gh ! action ( def9ite ne$s1 ?anks to ! repeat$ attempts at _! satisfaction1 & by ! discov]y ( su* & su* o!r means ( pro( :i* are1 z x 71 ! in/rum5ts ( _! production & _! elaboration4 ,ev5 ideas involve a basis ( social conditions2 !y h _! te*nique2 ?\ght also is a =m ( "w4 ,to rob ! "o & ! o!r1 ideas & ?\ght1 ( ! conditions & environm5t ( _! bir? & _! developm5t1 is to disfigure _! nature & _! mean+4#ab ,?is sociali/ mat]ialism does n refuse ! inspiration ( ideals4 ,by grant+ t society is dom9at$ by mat]ial int]e/s1 ,dietzg5 expla9s1 we d n d5y ! p[] ( ! ideals ( ! he>t1 m9d1 sci5ce1 & art4 ,= we h no m to deal ) ! absolute anti!sis betwe5 idealism & mat]ialism1 b ) _! high] syn!sis :i* has be5 f\nd 9 ! k t ! ideal dep5ds on ! mat]ial1 t div9e ju/ice & lib]ty dep5d on ! production & di/ribution ( e>?ly goods4#ac ,religions1 s*ools ( e?ics1 philosophy1 metaphysics1 art1 political & juridical in/itutions are all to be expla9$ 9 ! la/ analysis by ! economic & telluric environm5ts1 pres5t & pa/4 ,?is ru?less mat]ialism cru%es belief 9 ,god1 9 ! ,s\l1 9 immortality4 ,x leaves no room = any %r$ ( dualism 9 ?\ght4 ,x is true t ! ,g]man ,social ,democracy includ$ 9 ! fam\s ,erfurt ,programme 7adopt$ 9 #ahia--! fir/ cle>ly ,m>xian sociali/ plat=m ev] promulgat$7 a dem& = a ,decl>ation t religion is a private matt]4 ,abolition ( all exp5diture f public funds ^u ecclesia/ical & religi\s objects4 ,ecclesia/ical & religi\s bodies are to be reg>d$ z private associations1 :i* ord] _! affairs indep5d5tly4 ,x w be se5 t ?is is no?+ m ?an a dem& t ! ,/ate )draw its sanction ( religion z ,france has rec5tly done 9 ! ,clem5ceau law4 ,b ,f]ri does no?+ b draw ! necess>y conclusions f sociali/ premises :5 he writes3 ,god1 z ,laplace has said1 is an hypo!sis ( :i* exact sci5ce has no ne$2 he is1 accord+ to ,h]z51 at ! mo/ an ,x1 :i* repres5ts n ! unkn[able--z ,sp5c] & ,dubois ,raymond cont5d--b all t :i* humanity does n yet "k4 ,!re=e1 x is a v>iable ,x :i* decreases 9 direct ratio to ! progress ( ! discov]ies ( sci5ce4 ,x is = ?is reason t sci5ce & religion are 9 inv]se ratio to ea* o!r2 ! "o dim9i%es & gr[s weak] 9 ! same proportion t ! o!r increases & gr[s /rong] 9 its /ruggle aga9/ ! unkn[n4#ad ,joseph ,dietzg5 has ?us /at$ :at may be call$ ! law ( ! atrophy ( religion3 ,! m ! idea ( ,god rec$es into ! pa/ ! m palpable x is2 9 old5 times man knew ev]y?+ ab\t 8 ,god2 ! m mod]n ! =m ( religion has become1 ! m confus$ & hazy are our religi\s ideas4 ,! tru? is t ! hi/oric developm5t ( religion t5ds to its gradual dissolution4#ae ,! *>act]i/ic attitude ( ! sociali/ mat]iali/ t[>d ,*ri/ianity appe>s v cle>ly 9 ! foll[+ exc]pt f ,pr(essor ,f]ri's ,socialism & ,mod]n ,sci5ce3 ,x is true t ,m>xian ,socialism1 s9ce ! ,congress held at ,erfurt 7#ahia71 has rightly decl>$ t religi\s beliefs are private affairs#af & t1 !re=e1 ! ,sociali/ p>ty combats religi\s intol]ance "u all its =ms4444 ,b ?is bread? ( sup]iority ( view is1 at bottom1 only a consequ5ce ( ! confid5ce 9 f9al victory4 ,x is because ,socialism kn[s & =esees t religi\s beliefs1 :e!r "o reg>ds !m1 ) ,s]gi1 z pa?ological ph5om5a ( human psy*ology1 or z useless ph5om5a ( moral incru/ation1 are de/9$ to p]i% by atrophy ) ! ext5sion ( ev5 elem5t>y sci5tific culture4 ,?is is :y ,socialism does n feel ! necessity ( wag+ a special w>f>e aga9/ ^! religi\s beliefs :i* are de/9$ to disappe>4 ,x has assum$ ?is attitude1 al?\gh x kn[s t ! abs5ce or ! impairm5t ( ! belief 9 ,god is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful factors = its ext5sion1 because ! prie/s ( all religions h be51 ?r\gh\t all ! phases ( hi/ory1 ! mo/ pot5t allies ( ! rul+ classes 9 keep+ ! masses pliant & submissive "u ! yoke by means ( ! en*antm5t ( religion1 j z ! tam] keeps wild bea/s submissive by ! t]rors ( ! cracks ( 8 :ip 7page #fc74 ,x is also well to rememb] t a preval5t animi/ic habit ( ?\ght 9 view+ ! ev5ts ( life1 :e!r x take ! =m ( a belief 9 luck1 z 9 gambl]s & sport+ m51 or ! =m ( a belief 9 sup]natural int]position 9 mundane affairs1 z 9 ! case ( ! devotees ( ! an?ropomorphic cults1 or m]ely ! t5d5cy to give a teleological int]pretation to evolution1 to attribute a meliorative tr5d to ! cosmic process1 z 9 ,t5nyson's ?r\gh ! ages "o increas+ purpose runs1 t5ds1 by ret>d+ ! prompt p]ception ( relations ( mat]ial cause & effect1 to l[] ! indu/rial effici5cy ( ! community4#ag ,! sociali/ mat]iali/ c look =w>d ) unruffl$ s]5ity to ! pass+ ( religion1 s9ce 8 v def9ition ( religion z a popul> /riv+ aft] ! illusory happ9ess t corresponds ) a social condition :i* ne$s su* an illusion1#ah implies t x _c pass away till x has ceas$ to be ne$ful to human happ9ess4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ?is ,sociali/ mat]ialism1 ! monogam\s family1 ! pres5t economic unit ( society1 ceases to be a div9e in/itution1 & becomes ! hi/orical product ( c]ta9 def9ite economic conditions4 ,x is ! =m ( ! family peculi> to a society bas$ on private prop]ty 9 ! means ( production1 & ! production ( commodities = sale4 ,x is n cry/alliz$ & p]man5t1 b1 l all o!r in/itutions1 fluid & subject to *ange4 ,) ! *ange 9 its economic basis1 ! code ( sexual morality & ! monogam\s family are sure to be modifi$2 b1 9 ! judgm5t ( su* sociali/s z ,fri$ri* ,engels & ,augu/ ,bebel1 we %all probably rema9 monogam\s1 b monogamy w cease to be compulsorily p]man5t4#ai ,:at we may anticipate1 says ,engels1 ab\t ! adju/m5t ( sexual relations aft] ! imp5d+ d[nfall ( capitali/ production is ma9ly ( a negative nature & mo/ly conf9$ to elem5ts t w disappe>4 ,b :at w be add$8 ,t w be decid$ aft] a new g5]ation has come to maturity3 a race ( m5 :o nev] 9 _! lives h _h any occasion = buy+ ) money or o!r economic means ( p[] ! surr5d] ( a woman2 a race ( wom5 :o h nev] _h any occasion = surr5d]+ to any man = any o!r reason b love1 or = refus+ to surr5d] to _! lov] f fe> ( economic consequ5ces4 ,once su* p are 9 ! _w1 !y w n give a mom5t's ?\ght to :at we to-day believe %\ld be _! c\rse4 ,!y w foll[ _! own practice & fa%ion _! own public op9ion--only ?is & no?+ m4#bj ,*ang$ economic conditions are already reflect$ 9 ! dis9tegration ( ! traditional b\rgeois belief 9 ! p]man5cy ( ! exi/+ =ms ( ! family & ! home4 ,a port5t\s sign ( ! times = ! cons]vatives is ! appe>ance ( ,mrs4 ,elsie ,clews ,p>sons' book on ,! ,family1 ! mo/ s*ol>ly "w on ! subject by a b\rgeois writ] t has yet appe>$4 ,l all b\rgeois writ]s ,mrs4 ,p>sons has be5 v *>y ( us+ mat]ials furni%$ by ,sociali/ s*ol>s4 ,v /rik+ is ! abs5ce f h] v ext5sive bibliographical notes ( ! names ( ,m>x1 ,engels1 ,bebel & ,f]ri4 ,b %e 0 compell$ to avail h]self freely ( ! weal? ( mat]ials provid$ by ! s*ol>ly & indu/ri\s rese>*es ( ,morgan1 ,kautsky1 & ,cun[4 ,9 h] n[ fam\s ,fifte5? ,lecture on ,e?ical ,consid]ations1 %e sugge/s v>i\s modes ( ameliorat+ ! condition ( ,woman1 & improv+ conjugal & family relations2 b %e is aga9 & aga9 driv5 to admit t ! economic indep5d5ce ( wom5 is a condition prec$5t to h] re=ms4 ,mo/ ( h] sugge/ions are t+$ ) ! utopian fancifulness *>act]i/ic ( ! b\rgeois !ori/4 ,two exc]pts w illu/rate ^! po9ts suffici5tly3 ,aga9 reciprocity ( conjugal rights & duties is desirable = p>5?ood4 ,if m>riage h a propriet>y "*1 nei!r ! own] nor ! own$ is entirely fit to develop free p]sonalities 9 8 or h] *ildr54 ,moreov] ! idea ( m>ital own]%ip m or less involves t ( p>5tal own]%ip1 & ! latt]1 z we h se51 is incompatible ) a high type ( p>5?ood4 ,! cu/om ( propriet>y m>riage inevitably leads1 = example1 to re/rictions ^u female education4 ,n[ j 9 s f> z a woman's education is limit$ is %e h&icapp$ z an educator ( h] *ildr54 ,x is un=tunate t 9 ! emancipation ( woman agitation ( ! pa/ half-c5tury ! re=m]s fail$ to emphasize ! social z adequately z ! individuali/ic ne$ ( *ange4 ,if wom5 are to be fit wives & mo!rs !y mu/ h all1 p]haps m1 ( ! opportunities = p]sonal developm5t t m5 h4 ,all ! activities hi!rto res]v$ to m5 mu/ at lea/ be op5 to !m1 & _m ( ^! activities1 c]ta9 functions ( citiz5%ip#ba = example1 mu/ be expect$ ( !m4 ,moreov]1 :atev] ! l9es may be along :i* ! fitness ( wom5 to labor w be exp]im5tally det]m9$1 ! und]ly+ position mu/ be e/abli%$ t = ! sake ( individual & race "* %e is to be a produc] z well z a consum] ( social values4#bb ,z soon z ?is e?ical necessity is g5]ally recogniz$ ! conditions ( mod]n indu/ry w become mu* bett] adapt$ to ! ne$s ( wom5 work]s ?an !y are n[1 ! hygi5e ( work%op1 factory1 & (fice w improve1 & *ild be>+ & re>+ w no long] seem incompatible ) productive activity 7pages #cde-cdg74 ,"h foll[s ! p>agraph ^u :i* ! ,rev]5d ,doctor ,morgan ,dix & o!r cl]ical def5d]s ( ! economic conditions t cause m>ital & non-m>ital pro/itution p\nc$ ) su* avidity3 ,we h !re=e1 giv5 late m>riage & ! pass+ ( pro/itution1#bc two alt]natives1 ! requir+ ( absolute *a/ity ( bo? sexes until m>riage or ! tol]ation ( fre$om ( sexual int]c\rse on ! "p ( ! unm>ri$ ( bo? sexes be=e m>riage1 i4 e41 be=e ! bir? ( (fspr+4 ,9 ?is ev5t condemnation ( sex lic5se w\ld h a diff]5t emphasis f t at pres5t4 ,sexual int]c\rse w\ld n be ( itself disp>ag$ or condemn$1 x w\ld be disapprov$ ( only if indulg$ 9 at ! exp5se ( heal? or ( emotional or intellectual activities 9 oneself or 9 o!rs4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 truly monogam\s relations seem to be ^? mo/ conducive to emotional or intellectual developm5t & to heal?1 s t1 q ap>t f ! "q ( pro/itution1 promiscuity is n desirable or ev5 tol]able4 ,x w\ld !re=e1 seem well f ?is po9t ( view1 to enc\rage e>ly trial m>riage1#bd ! relation to be ent]$ into ) a view to p]man5cy1 b ) ! privilege ( break+ x if prov$ unsuccessful & 9 ! abs5ce ( (fspr+ )\t suff]+ any great degree ( public condemnation4 ,! conditions to be consid]$ 9 any attempt to answ] ! "q t ?us arises are exce$+ly complex4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! outcome ( pres5t exp]im5ts 9 economic indep5d5ce = wom51 a matt] :i* is 9 turn dep5d5t ^u ! outcome ( ! g5]al labor '"q4' ,mu* dep5ds ^u revelations ( physiological sci5ce4 ,if ! future br+s ab\t ! full economic indep5d5ce ( wom51 if physiologi/s w und]take to gu>antee society c]ta9 immunities f ! sexual excess ( ! individual1#be if1 & ^! are ! mo/ important conditions ( all1 increases 9 biological1 psy*ological & social k make p>5?ood a m enlight5$ & purposive function ?an is ev5 dream$ ( at pres5t & if p>i passu ) ?is increase ( k a high] /&>d ( p>5tal duty & a great] capacity = p>5tal devotion develop1 !n ! ne$ ( sexual re/ra9t z we und]/& x may disappe> & diff]5t relations betwe5 ! sexes be=e m>riage & to a c]ta9 ext5t )9 m>riage may be expect$4 ,! ,sociali/ mat]iali/ leaves idle speculations ( ?is nature to ! b\rgeois ,utopians2 he kn[s t a revolution 9 economic conditions mu/ prec$e any mat]ial *anges 9 sexual relations1 & t :5 su* *anges take place !y w take place 9 response to ! /imuli ( ! trans=m$ economic environm5t1 & n 9 accordance ) any preconceiv$ notions ( ,mrs4 ,p>sons or o!rs4 ,^?1 :o are horrifi$ at su* propos$ modifications ( m>riage z ,mr4 ,george ,m]$i?'s m>riages = a fix$1 limit$ p]iod1 & ,mrs4 ,p>sons' trial m>riages1 w d well to pond] ?is po/hum\s aphorism ( ! cle>sight$ ,norse g5ius1 ,ibs51 rec5tly publi%$ 9 ,b]l93 ,to talk ( 'm5 born free' is a m]e phrase4 ,!re are none su*4 ,m>riages1 ! relations ( man & woman1 h ru9$ ! :ole race & set on all ! br& ( slav]y4#bf ,9 ! same case is :at we may call ! /age-sett+ ( ! monogam\s family1 ! home4 ,! home ceases to be reg>d$ z ! sacr$ & et]nal ,palladium ( society4 ,x1 too1 is de/9$ to *ange1 if n to disappe>4 ,) ! trans=mation ( ! means ( production into collective prop]ty1 ,engels writes1 ! private h\sehold *anges to a social indu/ry4 ,! c>e & education ( *ildr5 becomes a public matt]4#bg ,?is does n d5y ! spl5did role t ! ,home has play$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! la/ ?ree c5turies4 ,_m an ,engli% & ,am]ican home to-day /ill m]its ev5 su* an (f5sively pret5ti\s epi!t z ,palladium4 ,:at morals our p h kn[n & practis$ !y h le>n$ & be5 drill$ 9 9 ! homes4 ,t ^! morals %\ld h be5 w>p$ by a class-bias 0 inevitable4 ,a home1 itself ! product ( a society divid$ into classes1 c\ld n tea* any?+ b a class-morality4 ,a purely social morality 7if morality be ! prop] "n = ! highe/ conduct 9 a classless society7 is ev5 yet impossible4 ,b1 mu* z we owe to ! home1 7,i pity ! read] :o c recall 8 or h] e>ly home life ) dry eyes71 ! ,nihilism ( ,socialism tells u ! day ( ! home is draw+ to its close4 ,s x may be z well = u to consid] = a mom5t ! bad side ( ! home z we "k x to-day4 ,x may be t :5 we h done s1 we %all be able to anticipate its pass+ ) great] equanimity4 ,at ?is late day--:5 sev5te5 ye>s h roll$ by s9ce ,ibs5's ,! ,doll's ,h\se 0 fir/ introduc$ to an ,engli%-speak+ audi5ce at ! ,novelty ,!atre 9 ,london--x is surely n necess>y to dwell ^u ! dw>f+ & /ifl+ effects ^u wom5 ( ev5 happy homes4 ,9 ! brilliant preface to ,plays3 ,pleasant & ,unpleasant1 ,b]n>d ,%aw1 ref]r+ to middle-class home life1 speaks ( ! normal ,engli% way be+ to sit 9 sep>ate families 9 sep>ate rooms 9 sep>ate h\ses1 ea* p]son sil5tly occupi$ ) a book1 a pap]1 or a game ( halma1 cut (f equally f ! bless+s ( society & solitude4 ,! result1 he cont9ues1 is t y may make ! acqua9tance ( a ?\s& /reets ( middle-class ,engli% families )\t com+ on a trace ( any consci\sness ( citiz5%ip1 or any arti/ic cultivation ( ! s5ses4 ,9 ! foll[+ p>agraph he adds3 ,9 proportion z ?is horrible dome/ic in/itution is brok5 up by ! active social circulation ( ! upp] classes 9 _! own orbit1 or its /agnant isolation made impossible by ! ov]cr[d+ ( ! work+ classes1 mann]s improve enorm\sly4 ,9 ! middle classes !mselves ! revolt ( a s+le clev] daught] 7nobody has yet done ju/ice to ! mod]n clev] ,engli%woman's loa?+ ( ! v ^w 'home'71 & h] insi/5ce on qualify+ h]self = an indep5d5t work+ life1 humanizes h] :ole family 9 an a/oni%+ly %ort "t2 & ! =mation ( a habit ( go+ to ! suburban !atre once a week1 or to ! ,monday ,popul> ,conc]ts1 or bo?1 v p]ceptibly ameliorates its mann]s4 ,b none ( ^! brea*es 9 ! ,engli%man's ca/le-h\se c be made )\t a cannonade ( books & pian(orte music4 ,! books & music _c be kept out1 because !y alone c make ! hide\s bor$om ( ! he>? be>able4 ,if its victims may n live real lives1 !y may at lea/ read ab\t imag9>y ones1 & p]haps le>n f !m to d\bt :e!r a class t n only submits to home life1 b actually values itself on x1 is really a class wor? belong+ to4 ,= ! sake ( ! unhappy prison]s ( ! home1 !n1 let my plays be pr9t$ z well z act$4 ,a concrete picture may give u a bett] idea ( :at ,%aw means :5 he calls wom5 ! unhappy prison]s ( ! home4 ,9 t magnific5t sc5e 9 ! ?ird act ( ,c&ida1 aft] ,morell has call$ on ,c&ida to *oose betwe5 him & ! poet1 ,m>*banks1 ,c&ida gives u a vivid glimpse ( :at h] home life _h be51 9 ?is spee*1 address$ to ,m>*banks1 &1 9 read+ x1 rememb] t ,morell 0 a good husb& & t ,c&ida lov$ him4 --,y "k h[ /rong he 7,morell7 is--h[ clev] he is--h[ happy6 ,ask ,james's "m & 8 ?ree si/]s :at x co/ to save ,james ! tr\ble ( do+ any?+ b be /rong & clev] & happy4 ,ask me :at x co/s to be ,james's "m & ?ree si/]s & wife & "m to 8 *ildr5 all 9 "o4 ,ask ,prossy & ,m>ia h[ tr\blesome ! h\se is ev5 :5 we h no visitors to help u slice ! onions4 ,ask ! tradesm5 :o want to worry ,james & spoil 8 beautiful s]mons :o x is t puts !m (f4 ,:5 !re is money to give1 he gives x3 :5 !re is money to refuse1 ,i refuse x4 ,i build a ca/le ( com=t & indulg5ce & love = him1 & /& s5t9el always to keep little vulg> c>es out4 ,i make him ma/] "h1 ?\gh he does n "k x1 & c\ld n tell y a mom5t ago h[ x came to be s4 ,?is %\ld make x easy = u to und]/& :y s _m wom5 are ready to sympa?ize ) ,william ,morris 9 ! s5tim5ts he express$ 9 ! foll[+ p>agraph 9 ,signs ( ,*ange3 ,z to :at ext5t x may be necess>y or desirable = p "u social ord] to live 9 common1 we may diff] pretty mu* accord+ to our t5d5cies t[>d social life4 ,= my "p ,i c't see :y we %\ld ?9k x a h>d%ip to eat ) ! p we "w )2 ,i am sure t z to _m ?+s1 su* z valuable books1 pictures1 & spl5dor ( surr\nd+s1 we %all f9d x bett] to club our means toge!r2 & ,i mu/ say t (t5 :5 ,i h be5 sick5$ by ! /upidity ( ! mean1 idiotic rabbit w>r5s t ri* m5 build = !mselves 9 ,bayswat] & else:]e1 ,i console myself ) visions ( ! noble communal hall ( ! future1 unsp>+ ( mat]ials1 g5]\s 9 wor?y ornam5t1 alive ) ! noble/ ?\ghts ( our "t1 & ! pa/1 embodi$ 9 ! be/ art :i* a free & manly p c\ld produce2 su* an abode ( man z no private ent]prise c\ld come any:]e ne> = beauty & fitness1 because only collective ?\ght & collective life c\ld *]i% ! aspirations :i* w\ld give bir? to its beauty1 or h ! skill & leisure to c>ry !m out4 ,i = my "p %\ld ?9k x mu* ! rev]se ( a h>d%ip if ,i _h to read my books & meet my fri5ds 9 su* a place2 nor d ,i ?9k ,i am bett] (f to live 9 a vulg> /ucco$ h\se cr[d$ ) uphol/]y t ,i despise1 9 all respects degrad+ to ! m9d & en]vat+ to ! body to live 91 simply because ,i call x my own1 or my h\se4 ,f ! viewpo9t ( ?is hi/orical mat]ialism1 ! ,/ate loses its attribute ( p]man5ce & becomes ! product ( def9ite economic conditions--9 a ^w1 x is ! *ild ( economic inequality4 ,! ,/ate1 9 ! words ( ,engels1 is ! result ( ! desire to keep d[n class conflicts4 ,b1 hav+ aris5 amid ^! conflicts1 x is z a rule ! ,/ate ( ! mo/ p[]ful economic class t by =ce ( its economic supremacy becomes also ! rul+ political class1 & ?us acquires new means ( subdu+ & exploit+ ! oppress$ masses4 ,! antique ,/ate 01 !re=e1 ! ,/ate ( ! slave own]s = ! purpose ( hold+ ! slaves 9 *eck4 ,! feudal ,/ate 0 ! organ ( ! nobility = ! oppression ( ! s]fs & dep5d5t f>m]s4 ,! mod]n repres5tative ,/ate is ! tool ( ! capitali/ exploit]s ( wage labor4#bh ,! ,/ate1 !n1 ,engels says on ano!r page ( ! same "w1 did n exi/ f all et]nity4 ,!re h be5 societies )\t x1 t _h no idea ( any ,/ate or public p[]4#bi ,at a c]ta9 /age ( economic developm5t1 :i* 0 ( necessity accompani$ by a division ( society into classes1 ! ,/ate became ! inevitable result ( ?is division4 ,we are n[ rapidly approa*+ a /age ( evolution 9 production1 9 :i* ! exi/5ce ( classes has n only ceas$ to be a necessity1 b becomes a positive fett] on production4 ,h5ce1 ^! classes mu/ fall z inevitably z !y once arose4 ,! ,/ate mu/ irrevocably fall ) !m4 ,! society t is to reorganize production on ! basis ( a free & equal association ( ! produc]s1 w transf] ! ma*9]y ( ! ,/ate :]e x w !n belong--into ! ,museum ( ,antiquities by ! side ( ! sp9n+ :eel & ! bronze ax4#cj ,9 ano!r "w1 he says3 ,! fir/ act by virtue ( :i* ! ,/ate really con/itutes itself ! repres5tative ( ! :ole ( society--! tak+ possession ( ! means ( production 9 ! "n ( ,society--?is is1 at ! same "t1 its la/ indep5d5t act z a ,/ate4 ,/ate int]f]5ce 9 social relations becomes1 9 "o doma9 aft] ano!r1 sup]flu\s1 & !n dies out ( itself2 ! gov]nm5t ( p]sons is replac$ by ! adm9i/ration ( ?+s1 & by ! conduct ( processes ( production4 ,! ,/ate is n aboli%$4 ,x dies out4#ca ,x is ?us se5 t1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( hi/orical mat]ialism1 ! ,/ate is de/9$1 :5 x becomes ! ,/ate ( ! work+-class1 to remove its own f\ndation--economic inequality--& ?us1 to commit suicide4 ,_m ( ^?1 :o h witness$ ) m+l$ con/]nation & amusem5t ! /r5u\s ef=ts ( ,mr4 ,roosevelt & ! frantic zeal ( ,mr4 ,he>/ to enl>ge ! scope ( gov]nm5tal action to cov] e conceivable field ( human activity f spell+ to beef-cann+1 w hail ) delight ,engels' tid+s t ! ,/ate is to die out4 ,! !sis1 t ! realization ( ! sociali/ ideal involves ! atrophy ( ,religion1 ! metamorphosis ( ! ,family1 & ! suicide ( ! ,/ate1 w\ld n[ appe> to be suffici5tly demon/rat$4 ,"o _c help wond]+ :at proportion ( ! educat$ & pr(essional p]sons1 :o1 ,mr4 ,/reet te/ifies1 are 9 gr[+ numb]s yield+ to ! lure ( ,socialism1 really desire ^! results4 ,_m ( !m1 no d\bt1 are try+ on a new field ! old exp]im5t ( s]v+ ,god & ,mammon1 ( putt+ new w9e into old bottles4 ,ibs5's ,nora1 ?\gh %e _h f> less le>n+ ?an is usual 9 ! educat$ & pr(essional classes ( ,engl& & ,am]ica1 01 9 ?is matt]1 f> wis] ?an are !y4 ,:5 ! falsehood & slav]y ( life 9 ,! ,doll's ,h\se became unbe>able to h]1 %e knew t %e mu/ *oose betwe5 ! ,old & ! ,new2 & t1 if %e *ose ! new life ( revolt & fre$om1 %e mu/ leave beh9d h] all ! badges ( h] doll's life4 ,_h %e tak5 ) h] ! tr9kets & gauds t ! ma/] ( ! ,doll's ,h\se _h giv5 h]1 %e w\ld n h escap$ f ! doll's life :5 %e turn$ h] back on ! ,doll's ,h\se4 ,h] woman's in/9ct did n fail h]1 &1 :51 ) a woman's c\rage %e *ose ! ,new & left ! ,old1 %e told ,torvald1 ,:atev] belongs to me ,i %all take ) me4 ,i w h no?+ f y ei!r n[ or lat] on4 ,_m ( ! "y p ( education1 :o h ( late come into ! sociali/ movem5t1 h left--tempor>ily1 at lea/--! ,doll's ,h\se ( cons]vatism2 b !y h br\ght ) !m _m ( ! habits ( ?\ght1 _m ( ! conv5tions ( _! old doll's life4 ,"s ( !m1 d\btless1 realiz+ t ! ,mat]iali/ ,conception ( ,hi/ory involves ! ,nihilism ( ,socialism1 & ?us calls on !m to ab&on _! religi\s1 metaphysical1 & duali/ic habits ( ?\ght1 to ca/ aside _! conv5tional class morality1 to cease vapor+ ab\t t impossible mon/rosity1 ! ,sociali/ ,/ate1 attempt to cut ! ,gordian knot by d5y+ ! ,mat]iali/ ,conception ( ,hi/ory1 :ile cl++ to _! sociali/ ideal4 ,!y ?us repeat 9 inv]t$ =m ! curi\s feat 9 intellectual acrobatics p]=m$ by ,pr(essor ,seligman1 :o believes 9 hi/orical mat]ialism1 b rejects ,socialism4 ,!re is no?+ 9 common1 he ass]ts1 betwe5 ! economic int]pretation ( hi/ory & ! doctr9e ( socialism1 except ! accid5tal fact t ! orig9ator ( bo? !ories happ5$ to be ! same man4 ,& a few pages fur!r on he reit]ates3 ,socialism & 'hi/orical mat]ialism' are entirely indep5d5t-conceptions4#cb ,to ! educat$ sociali/s1 :o d5y or mutilate ! doctr9e ( hi/orical mat]ialism1 ! mat]iali/ sociali/ might well reply by ass]t+ t ^! educat$ sociali/s are sociali/s only because ( ! arti/ic1 intellectual1 e?ical1 & spiritual *anges !y expect ! economic revolution ( socialism to produce4 ,! fact t !y1 lov]s ( ! ?+s ( ! _s1 are sociali/s proves t !y believe1 albeit unconsci\sly1 9 economic det]m9ism4 ,b1 al?\gh ?is p]sonal argum5t might ,well be deem$ suffici5t1 x c readily be prov5 affirmatively t ! :ole !ory ( ,mod]n ,socialism re/s ^u ! f\ndation ( hi/orical mat]ialism4 ,?is cle>ly appe>s 9 !' admirable summ>y ( ! tea*+s ( ,m>x t ,gabriel ,deville gives 9 ! ,preface to 8 epitome ( ,m>x's ,capital4 ,hi/ory1 ,m>x has %[n1 is no?+ b ! hi/ory ( class conflicts4 ,! division ( society into classes1 :i* made its appe>ance ) ! social life ( man1 re/s on economic relations--ma9ta9$ by =ce--:i* enable "s to succe$ 9 %ift+ on to ! %\ld]s ( o!rs ! natural necessity ( labor4 ,mat]ial int]e/s h always be5 ! incit+ motives ( ! incessant /ruggles ( ! privileg$ classes1 ei!r )1 ea* o!r1 or aga9/ ! inf]ior classes at ^: exp5se !y live4 ,man is dom9at$ by ! mat]ial conditions ( life1 & ^! conditions1 & !re=e ! mode ( production1 h det]m9$ & w det]m9e human cu/oms1 e?ics1 & in/itutions--social1 economic1 political1 juridical1 etc4 ,z soon z "o "p ( society has monopoliz$ ! means ( production1 ! o!r "p1 ^u :om ! burd5 ( labor falls1 is oblig$ to add to ! labor-"t necess>y = its own support1 a c]ta9 surplus-labor-"t1 = :i* x receives no equival5t1--"t t is devot$ to support+ & enri*+ ! possessors ( ! means ( production4 ,z an extractor ( unpaid labor1 :i*1 by means ( ! increas+ surplus-value ^: s\rce x is1 accumulates e day1 m & m1 9 ! h&s ( ! propriet>y class ! in/rum5ts ( its dom9ion1 ! capitali/ regime surpasses 9 p[] all ! antec$5t regimes f\nd$ on compulsory labor4 ,b to-day1 ! economic conditions begott5 by ?is regime1 trammell$ 9 _! natural evolution by ?is v regime1 inexorably t5d to break ! capitali/ m\ld :i* c no long] conta9 !m1 & ^! de/roy+ pr9ciples are ! elem5ts ( ! new society4 ,! hi/oric mission ( ! class at pres5t exploit$1 ! prolet>iat1 :i* is be+ organiz$ & discipl9$ by ! v me*anism ( capitali/ production1 is to complete ! "w ( de/ruction begun by ! developm5t ( social antagonisms4 ,x mu/1 fir/ ( all1 def9itively wre/ f its class adv]s>ies ! political p[]--! comm& ( ! =ce devot$ by !m to pres]v+ intact _! economic monopolies & privileges4 ,once 9 control ( ! political p[]1 x w be able1 by proce$+ to ! socialization ( ! means ( production ?r\gh ! expropriation ( ! usurp]s ( ! fruits ( o!rs' toil1 to suppress ! pres5t contradiction betwe5 collective production & private capitali/ appropriation1 & to realize ! univ]salization ( labor1 & ! abolition ( classes4#cc ,if ! educat$ & pr(essional sociali/s _c break ! *a9 ( ?is logic1 !y f9d !mselves1 z ,nora did1 face to face ) ! necessity ( mak+ a *oice4 ,beh9d !m is ! old doll's h\se life ) its manifold conv5tions--once useful1 b ?r\gh economic evolution outgr[n & ?us become false & deadly--a life1 easy en\gh mayhap1 b :olly devoid ( idealism2 be=e !m is ! new life ( fre$om1 ( revolt aga9/ outworn beliefs & conv5tions--a life ( great difficulty1 mayhap1 b a life *e]$ by a noble ideal--an ideal 9 ^: realization ! sociali/ mat]iali/s believe z fully1 z passionately z ! anci5t ,hebrews believ$ 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,messianic prophecies4 ,!irs is a h>d case4 ,)\t ideals !y _c1 9 any wor?y s5se1 live4 ,! only possible ideal1 t ev5 ! ke5 eyes ( s %rewd an obs]v] z ,mr4 ,/reet c p]ceive1 is ! ideal ( ,socialism4 ,b !y _c accept ?is ideal )\t ab&on+ mu*1 ,i d n say t is de> to !m1 b mu* t by habit & tradition has become "p & p>cel ( _! intellectual be+4 ,if !y decide to g =w>d into ! ,new1 ! old _w ( dolls' h\ses mu/ become a /range l& to !m4 ,9 ! difficulties & trials ( ! new life1 !y _c s5d back = aid to ! old _w1 :i* w h become a _w ( /rang]s to !m4 ,nora's woman's in/9ct did n fail h] "h2 :5 ,torvald ask$ if he c\ld s5d help to h] 9 case ( ne$1 h] unhesitat+ reply 01 ,no1 ,i say4 ,i take no?+ f /rang]s4 ,f> bett] is ! case ( ! work+man attract$ by ! sociali/ ideal4 ,! ,nihilism ( ,socialism has no det]r5t t]rors = him1 =1 z ,k>l ,m>x said long ago1 he has no?+ to lose b 8 *a9s1 & a :ole _w to ga94 ,he has long s9ce lo/ all int]e/ 9 religion2 ! factory by enli/+ 8 wife & *ildr5 z work]s has already de/roy$ 8 home2 & to him ! ,/ate means no?+ b ! club ( ! policeman1 ! injunction ( ! judge1 & ! rifle ( ! militiaman4 ,b = ! man ( ! educat$ & pr(essional classes leav+ ! doll's h\se is inde$ a difficult task4 ,= its p]=mance ?ree ?+s are requisite3 a free & op5 m9d1 c\rage1 & a vivid imag9ation4 ,! ,russian g5ius1 ,pe%k(f 7,maxim ,gorky71 did x1 & did x ) relative ease because he 0 a work+man be=e he became an educat$ man4 ,= ! same reason1 ?\gh 9 a less degree1 ,jack ,london has also done x successfully1 ?\gh "h & !re he /ill lapses into ! doll's mode ( ?\ght4 ,! sex-int]e/ 9 ! latt] "p ( ,! ,sea ,wolf is obvi\sly treat$ f ! dolls' po9t ( view2 b x %\ld be rememb]$ t ,mr4 ,london necess>ily expect$ ! majority ( ! pur*as]s ( ,! ,sea ,wolf to be dolls4 ,b1 9 spite ( ?is in/ance1 we may be sure t ,jack ,london br\ght b little ) him :5 he left ! ,doll's ,h\se2 & ,i am v sure he nev] s5ds back to h p>cels =w>d$ to him4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,upton ,s9clair left ! ,doll's ,h\se1 he evid5tly /uff$ 8 m5tal pockets ) a l>ge assortm5t ( intellectual l+]ie & mill9]y f ! doll w>drobes4 ,9 tell+ u :at ,life means to him 9 a rec5t magaz9e1 he says t dur+ a c]ta9 /ress & /orm p]iod ( 8 life he liv$ 9 close intimacy ) ?ree fri5ds :o lov$ him v de>ly4 ,_! names are ,jesus1 ,hamlet & ,%elley4 ,c any "o imag9e ,william ,morris writ+ a s5tim5t s p]fectly satisfy+ to a doll's s5se ( beauty8 ,:5 ,i read ^! l9es !re rises be=e me a picture ( ! au?or ta/efully rob$ 9 an exquisite dress--a doll's dress--( dott$ swiss4#cd ,rec5tly he has />t$ a ,co-op]ative ,home ,colony q 9 ! _s ( ! b\rgeois ,utopians :o f\nd$ ,brook ,f>m m ?an half-a-c5tury ago4 ,colony-f\nd+1 hi/orians tell u1 0 a favorite amusem5t ( ! dolls ( t era4 ,9 ! ,times ,magaz9e 7= ,decemb] #aijf7 he tells u t ! home has endur$ = ages1 & ?r\gh all ! ages x has /ay$ ab\t ! same4 ,?is belief1 ,i am in=m$1 is almo/ univ]sal among dolls4 ,i f9d myself ! prey ( a gr[+ suspicion t ,mr4 ,s9clair f "t to "t receives express p>cels f ! ,doll's ,h\se4 ,william ,morris 0 a g5ius2 he _h a free & op5 m9d2 he _h c\rage2 & he _h a vivid imag9ation4 ,:5 he left ! ,doll's ,h\se1 he took no?+ ) him1 & he nev] aft]w>d took any?+ f /rang]s4 ,x 0 8 poet's imag9ation t enabl$ him to write ,news f ,n[h]e1 ! only ,utopia 9 ^: communal halls ! unw>y read] does n /umble ov] dolls' furniture4 ,morris is ! p]fect type ( ! man ( culture turn$ revolutioni/4#ce ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells has rec5tly writt5 a ,utopian romance1 ,9 ! ,days ( ! ,comet1 :i*1 al?\gh x possesses 9 ! fulle/ measure ,mr4 ,wells' well kn[n *>m ( /yle1 is 9 sub/ance at be/ a v feeble e*o ( ,news f ,n[h]e4 ,"o ( ! modes ( ?\ght specially *>act]i/ic ( eighte5? c5tury ,fr5* dolls is /rongly to ! =e 9 ,mr4 ,wells' treatm5t ( w>4 ,9 ! conv]sations aft] ! ,*ange betwe5 ,melm\nt1 ! fam\s ,cab9et ,m9i/]1 & ! pitiful1 c[>dly1 ineffici5t h]o 7871 ,lead=d1 !y bo? appe> to be inexpressibly %ock$ at ! unreasonabl5ess ( w>4 ,x is true x is some:at difficult to tell j :at ,melm\nt did ?9k or feel1 = ,melm\nt is 9 "o p>ticul> l ,bo/on's di/+ui%$ litt]ateur1 ,mr4 ,lawson1--he appe>s to be con/antly on ! po9t ( utt]+ "s great ?\ght1 b nev] utt]s x4 ,b s f> z light is giv5 u ,melm\nt aft] ! ,*ange seems to h look$ on w> mu* z ,c>lyle did long be=e4 ,e "o rememb]s ,c>lyle's two gr\ps ( peasants1#cf liv+ hundr$s ( miles ap>t1 :o nev] he>d ( ea* o!r1 & _h n ! slighte/ qu>rel1 ! "o ) ! o!r1 b :o none-!-less obey$ ! ord]s ( _! respective k+s1 & m>*$ until !y met1 & at ! ^w ( comm& %ot ea* o!r into corpses4 ,mo/ ( u w agree ) ,c>lyle & ,melm\nt t1 view$ f ! peasants' /&po9t1 ?is 0 unreasonable to ! po9t ( %e] folly4 ,b1 if ,i und]/& ,mr4 ,wells aright1 he seems to elevate ! reason ( ! peasant into some?+ v l ! et]nal reason ( ,did]ot & ,r\sseau4 ,he app>5tly =gets = ! nonce t ,engels long ago po9t$ out t ?is et]nal reason 0 9 reality no?+ b ! idealiz$ und]/&+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury citiz51 j !n evolv+ into ! b\rgeois4 ,! difficulty t ,mr4 ,wells w enc\nt] 9 try+ to br+ human society into h>mony ) et]nal reason is ! impossibility ( gett+ diff]5t classes ( m5 to agree z to :at is reasonable4 ,no "o outside ( dolls' h\ses any long] believes 9 et]nal reason4 ,e man & e class has an ideal ( :at is reasonable1 b ^! ideals v>y4 ,w> is unreasonable to ! peasant-t>get2 x is also unreasonable to ,melm\nt & ,mr4 ,wells s f> z !y are repres5tatives ( ! citiz5s ( ! classless society ( ! future1 a society bas$ on social solid>ity1 on _w-wide bro!rhood4 ,b to ! sociali/ mat]iali/1 w>1 9 a _w bas$ on private own]%ip ( ! means ( production us$ to produce commodities1 ) its concomitants1 ! wage-sy/em1 competition--dome/ic & int]national1--& ev]-recurr+ ov]-production1 is s v f> f unreasonable t x is absolutely inevitable4#cg ,mr4 ,wells evid5tly br\ght some?+ ) him :5 he left ! ,doll's ,h\se4 ,we n[ beg9 to realize :at a v difficult matt] x is to rid ! m9d completely ( ! effects ( :at ,pr(essor ,vebl5 calls ! in/itutional furniture h&$ d[n f ! pa/4 ,! man1 :o yields to ! lure ( ,socialism1 mu/ soon] or lat] effect a revolution )9 8 own m9d2 if he does n1 he w soon] or lat] return to 8 ,doll's ,h\se1 or make an excursion into "s field ( pragmatic romance :]e he w build himself a new doll's h\se4 ,grant$ ! tru? ( hi/orical mat]ialism1 h[ w future g5]ations look on ! lit]ature ( to-day & ye/]day8 ,to a g5]ation :olly untra9$ 9 !ological1 metaphysical & duali/ic modes ( ?\ght h[ mu* mean+ w !re be 9 ! poetry ( ,t5nyson & ,br[n+8 ,= my "p1 ,i nev] read ,br[n+ n[ )\t be+ unpleasantly rem9d$ ( ! aphorism ,nietzs*e put into ! m\? ( ,z>a?u/ra3 ,alas1 x is true ,i h ca/ my net 9 _! 7poets'7 seas & tri$ to cat* good fi%2 b ,i always drew up ! head ( "s old ,god4 ,b ,i am glad to believe t ! mat*less melody & ! *isel$ beauty ( ,t5nyson's v]se w *>m ! s5ses ( m5 to :om 8 curi\s mixture ( pan!ism & ,broad ,*ur* !ology1 :i* ! middle classes ( ,engl& & ,am]ica 9 ! latt] decades ( ! n9ete5? c5tury welcom$ z ! ultimate massage ( philosophy1 w n be ridicul\s only because x w be mean+less4 ,b ,i am unable to ?9k ( ! m5 ( ! future d]iv+ any pleasure f our greate/ poet1 ,br[n+4 ,on ! o!r h& x is n impossible t ! fame ( ,sw9burne w /& high] 9 ! tw5ty-fir/ c5tury ?an x does 9 ?is op5+ decade ( ! tw5tie?4 ,! m5 & wom5 ( ! future w1 ,i am sure1 feel !mselves ak9 to ,%elley4 ,!y w probably enjoy ,byron too1 s f> z !y und]/& him2 b m5 & wom51 :o h nev] kn[n any relation%ip betwe5 ! sexes b t ( indep5d5ce & equality1 w be bor$ & baffl$ by t great bulk ( ,byron's v]se :i* %ock$ 8 contempor>ies4 ,:5 we turn to ! drama1 x appe>s probable t ! revolution 9 ! relations ( ! sexes w conv]t into m]e mat]ials = ! hi/orian ev5 our greate/ plays1 su* z ,ibs5's ,! ,doll's ,h\se1 ,sud]mann's ,! ,joy ( ,liv+1 ,maet]l9ck's ,monna ,vanna1 & ,%aw's ,mrs4 ,w>r5's ,pr(ession4 ,are ! educat$ & pr(essional sociali/s prep>$ to accept gladly su* trem5d\s *anges8 ,!y are confront$ by a mom5t\s "q4 ,x 0 ( _! class ,william ,morris 0 ?9k+ :5 he wrote3 ,i h look$ at ?is claim by ! light ( hi/ory & my own consci5ce1 & x seems to me s look$ at to be a mo/ j claim1 & t resi/ance to x means no?+ %ort ( a d5ial ( ! hope ( civilization4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! claim3-- ,x is "r & necess>y t all m5 %\ld h "w to d :i* %all be wor? do+1 & be ( itself pleasant to d3 & :i* %\ld be done "u su* conditions z w\ld make x nei!r ov]-we>isome nor ov]-anxi\s4 ,turn t claim ab\t z ,i may1 ?9k ( x z long z ,i c1 ,i _c f9d t x is an exorbitant claim2 yet aga9 ,i say if ,society w\ld or c\ld admit x1 ! face ( ! _w w\ld be *ang$2 discont5t & /rife & di%one/y w\ld be end$4 ,to feel t we 7 do+ "w useful to o!rs & pleasant to ourselves1 & t su* "w & its due rew>d c\ld n fail u6 ,:at s]i\s h>m c\ld happ5 to u !n8 ,& ! price to be paid = s mak+ ! _w happy is ,revolution4#ch ,are !y will+ to pay ! price8 ,nora paid ! price = h] fre$om & paid x 9 full4 ,%e took no?+ f /rang]s4 ,if !y are unwill+ to pay ! price1 :at is !re left = !m save ! joyless s5suality & black despair ( pessimism8 ,,footnotes3 #g ,! ,!ory ( ,bus9ess ,ent]prise1 ,vebl51 ,new ,york1 #aijd4 ,pages #cea1 #ceb4 ,see also my article on ,vebl5 ! ,revolutioni/1 ,int]national ,sociali/ ,review1 ,june1 #aije1 vol4 ,v1 page #gbf4 #h ,?r\gh\t ?is article nihilism is n us$ 9 its /rict te*nical or philosophical s5se1 b is us$ simply z a conv5i5t t]m by :i* to designate ! aggregate ( ^? aspects ( ,socialism :i*1 view$ f ! /&po9t ( ! exi/+ regime1 appe> z negative & de/ructive4 #i ,a ,contribution to ! ,critique ( ,political ,economy4 ,k>l ,m>x1 ,new ,york1 #aijd4 ,pages #aa1 #ab4 #aj ,see ,philosophical ,essays1 ,joseph ,dietzg51 ,*icago1 #aijf4 ,pages #agd & #eb4 #aa ,essays on ! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory4 ,antonio ,labriola1 ,*icago1 #aijd4 ,pages #he1 #hf4 #ab l4 c4 pages #aee-f1 #aeh4 #ac ,philosophical ,essays4 ,dietzg54 ,page #hf4 #ad ,socialism & ,mod]n ,sci5ce4 ,enrico ,f]ri1 ,new ,york1 #aijd4 ,pages #fj1 #fa4 #ae ,philosophical ,essays4 ,dietzg54 ,page #aaf4 #af ,! read] w obs]ve t ,f]ri reads into ! ,erfurt pron\ncem5t on religion 7quot$ 9 full above7 a broad] _s ( tol]ance ?an its words necess>ily imply4 #ag ,see ,! ,!ory ( ! ,leisure ,class4 ,?or/e9 ,vebl51 ,new ,york1 #aije4 ,pages #bhg1 #bhh4 #ah ,m>x 9 ,zur ,kritik d] ,hegels*5 ,re*ts ,philosophie4 #ai ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,family1 ,private ,prop]ty & ! ,/ate4 ,f4 ,engels1 ,*icago1 #aije4 ,page #ii1 & ,woman "u ,socialism1 ,augu/ ,bebel1 ,new ,york1 #aijd4 ,page #abg4 #bj ,engels1 ,orig9 ( ! ,family1 c4 ,page #ajj4 #ba 7,mrs4 ,p>sons'47 ,! enlight5$ public op9ion ( to-day f9ds ! *ief if n ! only w>rant = univ]sal male suffrage 9 its be+ an educational means4 ,9 ?is view wom5 ne$ ! suffrage at pres5t ev5 m ?an m54 #bb 7,mrs4 ,p>sons'47 ,dr4 ,alice ,drysdale ,vick]y gave /rik+ expression to "o phase ( ?is subject at a rec5t discussion ( ! ,london ,sociological ,society4 ,%e urg$ t )\t economic indep5d5ce ! individuality ( woman c\ld n ex]cise t natural selective p[] 9 ! *oice ( a mate :i* 0 probably a ma9 factor 9 ! spiritual evolution ( ! race4 ,! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 ,sept41 #aije4 ,page #bgi4 #bc 7,la,monte's47 ,no wond] su* a />tl+ hypo!sis ar\s$ ! ire ( our cl]ical fri5ds4 #bd 7,la,monte's47 ,x is wor?y ( note t ?is sugge/ion ( a s]i\s modification ( m>riage "u exi/+ economic conditions comes *>act]i/ically1 n f a ,sociali/1 b f ! wife ( a ,republican memb] ( ,congress & ! daught] ( a di/+ui%$ f9anci]4 #be 7,mrs4 ,p>sons'47 ,?r\gh ! discov]y ( c]ta9 & innocu\s me?ods ( prev5t+ conception4 ,! application ( ?is k w\ld h to be enc\rag$ by public op9ion 9 cases :]e conception w\ld result 9 a deg5]ate (fspr+4 ,public op9ion w\ld also h to endorse ! segregation ( p]sons ta9t$ ) communicable sexual disease4 #bf ,b]l9 cablegram 9 ! ,new ,york ,sun ( ,dec4 #g1 #aijf4 #bg ,orig9 ( ! ,family1 c41 ,pages #ia1 #ib4 ,see also ,bebel1 ,woman "u ,socialism1 ,page #abb1 & else:]e4 #bh ,orig9 ( ! ,family c4 ,pages #bjh1 #bji4 #bi ,on ! exi/5ce ( organiz$ societies )\t a co-ercive ,/ate1 see also1 ,anci5t ,society4 ,lewis ,h4 ,morgan1 ,*icago1 #aijg4 #cj ,orig9 ( ! ,family c4 ,pages #baa1 #bab4 #ca ,socialism3 ,utopian & ,sci5tific4 ,f4 ,engels1 ,*icago1 #aije4 ,pages #gf1 #gg4 #cb ,! ,economic ,int]pretation ( ,hi/ory4 ,edw9 ,r4 ,a4 ,seligman1 ,new ,york1 #aijc4 ,pages #aje & #aji4 #cc ,! ,p's ,m>x4 ,gabriel ,deville1 ,new ,york1 #aijj4 ,pages #ah1 #ai4 #cd ,c>tooni/s are w>n$ t ?is idea is protect$ by copyright4 #ce ,! o!r day ,i *anc$ ^u a pamphlet by "o ,osc> ,lovell ,triggs ( ,*icago4 ,x bore ! title1 ,william ,morris1 ,craftsman1 ,writ] & ,social ,re=m]4 ,9 turn+ ov] its pages ,i 0 some:at />tl$ to read3 ',sci5tific' socialism he nev] und]/ood or advocat$4 ,& aga9 fur!r on my eye fell on ?is gem3 ,x is app>5t t ,morris's ',socialism' is poetic & n sci5tific socialism4 ,?is pamphlet %\ld h a place ( honor 9 e doll's libr>y4 #cf ,9 ,s>tor ,res>tus4 #cg ,9 fact1 ,pr(essor ,vebl5 has %[n t = ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury ! commone/ cause ( seasons ( ord9>y prosp]ity has be5 w>4 ,see ,! ,!ory ( ,bus9ess ,ent]prise4 ,pages #bej-a4 #ch ,f ,art & ,socialism1 a pamphlet t is n[ r>e4 ,,! ,,biog5etic ,,law ,x is v easy to g too f> 9 draw+ analogies betwe5 biology & sociology4 ,society--z yet1 at lea/--is n an organism 9 ! s5se t a tree or a mammal is4 ,x is q true t ) ! p]fect organization & solid>ity to :i* ,sociali/s look =w>d ! analogy w be m complete ?an x is to-day1 b = ! pres5t we mu/ always rememb] t1 z ! lawy]s w\ld say1 ! cases are n on all f\rs4 ,if we be> ^! res]vations 9 m9d laws drawn f natural sci5ce are (t5 ( ! greate/ aid 9 enabl+ u to und]/& ! ph5om5a ( psy*ology & sociology4 ,"o ( ! mo/ helpful ( ^! laws ( sci5ce is ! biog5etic law :i* is always associat$ ) ! great "n ( ,erne/ ,haeckel1 its mo/ di/+ui%$ expon5t4 ,doctor ,william ,boels*e1 9 8 book#ci on ,haeckel1 uses1 to illu/rate ?is law1 ! famili> example ( ! frog4 ,! "m frog lays h] eggs 9 ! wat]4 ,9 due c\rse a new little frog develops f ea* ( ^! eggs4 ,b ! object t develops f !m is altoge!r diff]5t f ! adult frog4 ,?is object is ! famili> fi%-l tadpole4 ,x f9ally loses its tail1 develops legs1 & becomes a frog4 ,doctor ,boels*e discusses ! matt] z foll[s3-- ,!re are reasons on e h& = believ+ t ! frogs & salam&]s1 :i* n[ /& high] 9 classification ?an ! fi%es1 7 develop$ f ! fi%es 9 e>li] ages 9 ! c\rse ( progressive evolution4 ,once ^u a "t !y 7 fi%es4 ,if t is s1 ! curi\s ph5om5on we h be5 consid]+ really means t ea* "y frog resembles its fi% ance/ors4 ,9 ea* case to-day ! frog's egg fir/ produces ! e>li] or ance/ral /age1 ! fi%1 x !n develops rapidly into a frog4 ,9 o!r words1 ! individual developm5t recapitulates an important *apt] ( ! e>li] hi/ory ( ! :ole race ( frogs4 ,putt+ ?is 9 ! =m ( a law1 x runs3 ea* new individual mu/1 9 its developm5t1 pass rapidly ?r\gh ! =m ( its p>5ts' ance/ors be=e x assumes ! p>5t =m itself4 ,if a new individual frog is to be develop$ & if ! ance/ors ( ! :ole frog /em 7 fi%es1 ! fir/ ?+ to develop f ! frog's egg w be a fi% & x w only lat] assume ! =m ( a frog4 ,t is a simple & pictorial outl9e ( :at we mean :5 we speak ( ! biog5etic law4 ,we ne$1 ( c\rse1 mu* m ?an ! "o frog-fi% be=e we c erect x into a law4 ,b we h only to look ar\nd u & we f9d simil> ph5om5a z common z pebbles4 ,let u be> 9 m9d t evolution proce$$ f c]ta9 amphibia to ! liz>ds & f ^! to ! birds & mammals4 ,t is a long j\rney1 b we h no alt]native4 ,if ! amphibia 7su* z ! frog & ! salam&]7 desc5d f ! fi%es1 all ! high] classes up to man himself mu/ also h done s4 ,h5ce ! law mu/ h transmitt$ ev5 to ourselves ?is ance/ral =m ( ! gill-brea?+ fi%4 ,:at a mad idea1 _m w say1 t man %\ld at "o "t be a tadpole l ! frog6 ,& yet--!re's no help 9 pray]1 z ,fal/aff said--ev5 ! human g]m or embryo passes ?r\gh a /age at :i* x %[s ! outl9es ( gills on ! ?roat j l a fi%4 ,x is ! same ) ! dog1 ! horse1 ! kang>oo1 ! duck mole1 ! bird1 ! crocodile1 ! turtle1 ! liz>d4 ,!y all h ! same /ructure4 ,nor is ?is an isolat$ fact4 ,f ! fi% 0 evolv$ ! amphibian4 ,f ?is came ! liz>d4 ,f ! liz>d came ! bird4 ,! liz>d has solid tee? 9 its m\?4 ,! bird has no tee? 9 its beak4 ,t is to say1 x has none to-day4 ,b x _h :5 x 0 a liz>d4 ,"h1 !n we h an int]m$iate /age betwe5 ! fi% & ! bird4 ,we mu/ expect t ! bird embryo 9 ! egg w %[ "s trace ( x4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x does s4 ,:5 we exam9e "y p>rots 9 ! egg we f9d t !y h tee? 9 _! m\? be=e ! bill is =m$4 ,:5 ! fact 0 fir/ discov]$1 ! real int]m$iate =m betwe5 ! liz>d & ! bird 0 n kn[n4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds discov]$ at ,sol5h(5 9 a fossil impression f ! ,jurassic p]iod4 ,?is 0 ! ar*eopt]yx1 :i* _h fea!rs l a real bird & yet _h tee? 9 its m\? l ! liz>d :5 x liv$ on e>?4 ,! in/ance is in/ructive 9 two ways4 ,9 ! fir/ place x %[s t we 7 q ju/ifi$ 9 draw+ our conclusions z to ! pa/ f ! bird's embryonic =m1 ev5 if ! true transitional =m betwe5 ! liz>d & ! bird 7 nev] discov]$ at all4 ,9 ! second place1 we see 9 ! "y bird 9 ! egg ! reproduction ( two consecutive ance/ral /ages3 "o 9 ! fi% gills1 ! o!r 9 ! liz>d-l tee?4 ,once ! law is admitt$1 !re c be no?+ /range 9 ?is4 ,if "o ance/ral /age1 t ( ! fi%1 is reproduc$ 9 ! "y animal belong+ to a high] gr\p1 :y n sev]al8--:y n all ( !m8 ,no d\bt1 ! ance/ral s]ies ( ! high] =ms is ( enorm\s l5g?4 ,:at an imm5se numb] ( /ages !re mu/ h be5 be=e ! fi%6 ,& !n we h /ill ! amphibian1 ! liz>d1 & ! bird or mammal1 up to man4 ,:y %\ld n ! law run3 ! :ole ance/ral s]ies mu/ be reproduc$ 9 ! developm5t ( ea* individual organism8 ,we are n[ 9 a position to see ! :ole be>+ ( ,haeckel's idea4 ,9 analogy ) ?is1 is x n true t e ?9k+ man & woman 9 ! c\rse ( 8 or h] developm5t1 epitomizes ! hi/ory ( human ?\ght8 ,to be m specific1 ,i take x t y1 read]1 are an educat$ man ( middle-class orig91 & t y h be5 a sociali/ = at lea/ six mon?s1 & h1 ( c\rse1 read ,engels' ,socialism3 ,utopian & ,sci5tific4 ,n[1 is x n a fact t y\r socialism has develop$ f ,utopia t[>d ,sci5ce exactly along ! l9es ,engels has trac$ = ! movem5t at l>ge8 ,s true 0 ?is 9 my case t = a long "t ,i 0 incl9$ to pu% ! biog5etic law too f> & to conclude t e sociali/ _h travel$ ! same road4 ,i /ill ?9k ! law holds "h1 b n 9 ! n>r[ way ,i fir/ appli$ x4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my "w z an agitator 7& sociali/ agitation is ! be/ ,s*ool ( ,socialism7 ,i met _m /]l+ sociali/s :o _h nev] be5 ,utopians z ,i _h4 ,!y 7 born fight]s1 s to speak1 & _h be5 full ( ! class _s1 & fight+ ! capitali/s 9 ! trade-union & else:]e 9 e way !y c\ld ?9k (1 long be=e !y _h ev] he>d ( ! ideal ( ! ,co-op]ative ,commonweal?4 ,& ^! m5 are among our be/ & mo/ uncompromis+ sociali/s4 ,"h 0 a h>d problem = me4 ,i believ$ 9 my law1 b x did n se5 to cov] ! cases ( ^! militant sociali/s4 ,i 0 long 9 solv+ ! problem1 b ,i solv$ x at la/4 ,socialism has two aspects4 ,z ! mo/ vital fact ( mod]n life x is a k9etic =ce4 ,mod]n ,socialism 9 ,engels' words is1 9 its ess5ce1 ! direct product ( ! recognition on ! "o h&1 ( ! class antagonisms1 exi/+ 9 ! society ( to-day1 betwe5 proprietors & non-proprietors1 betwe5 capitali/s & wage-work]s2 on ! o!r h&1 ( ! an>*y exi/+ 9 production4 ,?is is ,socialism1 ! mo/ pregnant actuality 9 ! palpitat+ life all ab\t u4 ,b1 z ,engels po9t$ out1 ,socialism also has its ideological side4 ,9 ?is s5se x may correctly be call$ a !ory1 if we be> 9 m9d t x is ! virile =ce ( class-feel+1 & n ! !ory1 t is go+ to effect ! ,social ,revolution4 ,n[1 e individual sociali/ does 9 8 developm5t con=m to ! biog5etic law2 b ! b\rgeois sociali/ is m apt to epitomize ! hi/ory ( ,sociali/ !ory1 :ile ! prolet>ian sociali/ recapitulates ! developm5t ( class feel+ z a k9etic =ce f bl9d & (t5 unavail+ hatr$ ( ! ri* to ! fruitful class-consci\sness ( ! ,m>xian ,sociali/4 ,! individual may comb9e ^! two processes 9 v>y+ proportions2 b 9 broad outl9e ! b\rgeois may be expect$ to reproduce fairly closely ! hi/ory ( ,socialism1 z a !ory1 :ile ! prolet>ian reproduces ! hi/ory ( ,socialism1 ! great k9etic =ce4 ,:ile1 f ! /&po9t ( sociali/ !ory1 ! /atem5t ( ,doctor ,p>khur/ & _m o!rs t ,*ri/ 0 a ,sociali/ is a manife/ absurdity1 ! hi/orian :o traces back ! hi/ory ( ,socialism1 ! k9etic =ce1 w surely be l$ by ! *a9 ( facts to ,james & ,jesus & ,isaiah4 ,= !y 7 among ^? :o gave mo/ effective expression to ! class hatr$ :i* is ! l9eal ance/or ( ,m>xian ,socialism view$ z a k9etic actuality4 ,9 ?is s5se ,jesus 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ,socialism4 ,"h are a few extracts f ^! anci5t s[]s ( ! se$s ( discont5t3 ,! ,"l w ent] into judgm5t ) ! anci5ts ( 8 p1 & ! pr9ces !re(3 = ye h eat5 up ! v9ey>d2 ! spoil ( ! poor is 9 y\r h\ses4 ,:at mean ye t ye beat my p to pieces1 & gr9d ! faces ( ! poor8 sai? ! ,"l ,god ( ho/s4 ,wo unto !m t jo9 h\se to h\se1 t lay field to field1 till !re be no place1 t !y may be plac$ alone 9 ! mid/ ( ! e>?6 ,,isaiah4 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,t a ri* man %all h>dly ent] ! k+dom ( heav54 ,& aga9 ,i say unto y1 ,x is easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le1 ?an = a ri* man to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,wo unto y1 scribes & ,ph>isees1 hypocrites6 = ye dev\r wid[s' h\ses1 & = a pret5se make long pray]3 !re=e ye %all receive ! great] damnation4 ,,jesus4 ,g to n[1 ye ri* m51 weep & h[l = y\r mis]ies t %all come ^u y4 ,y\r ri*es are corrupt$1 & y\r g>m5ts are mo?-eat54 ,y\r gold & silv] is cank]$2 & ! ru/ ( !m %all be a witness aga9/ y1 & %all eat y\r fle% z x 7 fire4 ,ye h heap$ treasure toge!r = ! la/ days4 ,behold1 ! hire ( ! lab\r]s :o h reap$ d[n y\r fields1 :i* is ( y kept back by fraud1 crie?2 & ! cries ( !m :i* h reap$ are ent]$ into ! e>s ( ! ,"l ( ,sabao?4 ,,james4 ,james w\ld appe> to h be5 some:at m class-consci\s ?an is deem$ decor\s by mo/ ( our mod]n ,*ri/ian ,sociali/s4 ,b ,isaiah & ,jesus & ,james all give expression to precisely ! same fi]ce emotions t ,i h _m a "t se5 blaz+ out ( ! eyes ( poor hopeless prolet>ians gr\p$ ar\nd ! soap-box2 & x is ! glory ( ,mod]n ,socialism t x has be5 able to trans=m ?is fi]ce class hatr$ into intellig5t class-consci\sness :i* aims by loyalty to ! ,prolet>iat to rescue ! ri* z well z ! poor f ! fatal curse ( economic inequality4 ,! b\rgeois & ! prolet>ian :o come into ! ,sociali/ movem5t bo? h tadpole tails to lose 9 ! c\rse ( _! developm5t into sci5tific sociali/s2 b ! tails are diff]5t4 ,! prolet>ian has to rid himself ( 8 hatr$ ( ! ri* z individuals4 ,he has to le>n t ,rockefell]1 j z mu* z he himself1 is a product ( economic conditions4 ,aft] he once ?or\ghly le>ns ?is !re w be no dang] ( 8 be+ a ,democrat or ,an>*i/ or any o!r species ( dang]\s reaction>y4 ,! b\rgeois tail is h>d] to lose4 ,x consi/s ( animi/ic1 !ological & duali/ic habits ( ?\ght1 issu+ 9 utopianism & non-mat]iali/ic idealism4 ,=1 if ,i may be p]mitt$ to toy ) ! ,hegelian dialectic 9 ! mann] ( ,m>x1 no man c be a fruitful ideali/ until he has become a mat]iali/4 ,! read] ( ?is volume w probably f9d himself able to agree pretty fully ) :at ,i h said 9 ,sci5ce & ,socialism4 ,t is because1 :5 ,i wrote t1 ,i _h n fully gott5 rid ( my ideali/ic tadpole tail4 ,he w probably h m difficulty 9 ass5t+ to ! !ses ( ,! ,nihilism ( ,socialism4 ,t is because he has n yet gott5 rid ( 8 tadpole tail4 ,i d n wi% to be und]/ood z speak+ ) contempt or depreciation ( ! tadpole tails4 ,)\t _! aid mo/ ( u b\rgeois sociali/ frogs w\ld nev] h be5 able to get out ( our old cons]vative %ells4 ,x 0 ! utopianism ( our tails1 9 mo/ cases1 t fir/ crack$ ! %ell4 ,i %\ld be sorry to h any read] int]pret ! mat]ialism ( ,! ,nihilism ( ,socialism into a disposition to d5y or depreciate ! great & b5efic5t influ5ce t ,*ri/ianity has _h 9 ! pa/4 ,i %\ld be greatly *agr9$ to be accus$ ( irrev]5ce 9 discuss+ religion4 ,irrev]5ce is ev] a sign ( a n>r[ intellectual horizon & a limit$ vision4 ,! sc(f] is ! product ( ! limit$ k *>act]i/ic ( :at ,engels call$ metaphysical mat]ialism4 ,un=tunately ! m5tal developm5t ( _m 9 ! pa/ has be5 arre/$ at ?is ,+]soll-,voltaire /age4 ,b ) ! gr[? ( ,mod]n ,socialism ! t5d5cy is = ! metaphysical mat]iali/ to gr[ into sociali/ or dialectic mat]ialism ) its ,hegelian wat*word1 ,no?+ is2 e ?+ is becom+4 ,! sociali/ mat]iali/ realizes t ! obsolesc5t ideals ( ,*ri/ianity & ! ,family h play$ lead+ roles 9 ! great drama ( human progress4 ,x is impossible = him to speak lightly or contemptu\sly ( ! ideals :i* h su/a9$ & com=t$1 guid$ & *e]$ c\ntless ho/s ( 8 fell[s ?r\gh ! long1 d>k ages ( ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,b he kn[s t ^? ages are pa/ & t pres5t day adh]5ce to ! old ideals is atavi/ic & reaction>y4 ,b none-!-less 8 m5tal attitude t[>d ! old ideals is "o ( rev]5t sympa?y &1 ,i _h almo/ add$1 gratitude4 ,?is /ate ( feel+ has f\nd p]fect expression 9 ^! l9es by ,william ,morris3 ,!y are gone--! lovely1 ! mighty1 ! hope ( ! anci5t ,e>?3 ,x %all labor & be> ! burd5 z be=e t day ( _! bir?2 ,x %all groan 9 its bl9d abid+ = ! day t ,sigurd ha? sp$1 ,& ! h\r t ,brynhild ha? ha/5$1 & ! dawn t wake? ! dead2 ,x %all ye>n1 & be (t-times holp51 & =get _! de$s no m1 ,till ! new sun beams on ,baldur1 & ! happy sea-less %ore4 7,f ,,sigurd ! ,,volsung47 ,,footnote3 #ci ,haeckel3 ,8 ,life & ,"w4 ,by ,william ,boels*e4 ,george ,w4 ,jacobs ,company4 ,,kismet4 ,v]ily ,i say unto y4 ,t !re be "s ( !m t /& "h :i* %all n ta/e ( dea?1 till !y h se5 ! k+dom ( ,god come ) p[]4 ,m>k1 ix1 #a4 ,! v close analogy betwe5 primitive ,*ri/ianity & ,mod]n ,socialism has (t5 be5 po9t$ out bo? by mat]iali/s1 su* z ,enrico ,f]ri1 & by ,*ur*m51 su* z ! ,rev]5d ,doctor ,hall4 ,we f9d 9 bo? ! doctr9e ( ! ,adv5t4 ,! primitive ,*ri/ian believ$ 9 all simplicity & s9c]ity t he %\ld n ta/e dea? until ! ,son ( ,man _h come & e/abli%$ ^u e>? ,8 k+dom ( ju/ice1 peace & bro!rhood4 ,! ,m>xian ,sociali/ to-day is ev5 m sure t m5 & wom5 n[ liv+ w be> a "p 9 ! ,social ,revolution :i* is to u%] 9 ! reign ( ,fell[%ip on e>?4 ,! secret ( ! propag&a p[] ( bo? movem5ts is 9 ! s9c]ity ( ?is conviction4 ,j at ?is po9t we are (t5 met ) two qu]ies1 bo? ( :i* be> witness to ! p]si/5ce ( ! utopian tadpole tails ( ! que/ion]s4 ,! fir/ "q is3 ,if ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 s9c]e & yet mi/ak51 may n ! ,sociali/s also be mi/ak5 9 _! doctr9e ( ! inevitability ( ,socialism8 ,! second "q is3 ,if ,socialism is inevitable--is com+ anyh[--:y d y ,sociali/s vex y\r s\ls agitat+ = x8 ,! d\bt ( ! inevitability ( ,socialism on analysis is always f\nd to be a d\bt ( ! pro-sociali/ desires & actions ( ! ,prolet>iat4 ,no "o disputes t ! ,capitali/ sy/em is break+ d[n4 ,) ! great mass ( ! produc]s receiv+ b>e subsi/5ce wages ! impossibility ( dispos+ ( ! almo/ miracul\sly /up5d\s product ( mod]n ma*9es & processes is ma!matically demon/rable4 ,! =m] p>adox ( ! ,sociali/ agitator1 t ! ,utopian is ! man :o believes 9 ! possibility ( ! cont9uance ( ! pres5t sy/em1 has become a platitude4 ,nor c _m be f\nd to dispute ! /atem5t t ! c5tralization ( indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has rea*$ a po9t :]e ,socialism is economically entirely practicable4 ,! d\bt ( ! sceptics is3 ,w ! work]s create1 9 ! language ( economics1 an effective dem& = ,socialism8 ,two em95t ,utopians h voic$ ?is d\bt 9 ! rec5t pa/4 ,_! names are ,george ,d4 ,h]ron & ,daniel ,de,leon4 ,bo? alike =get t ! desires1 ideals1 & motives ( ! prolet>iat _c b be 9 h>mony ) _! economic environm5t1 & ,i d n ?9k t ei!r ( !m w\ld d5y t1 z we ne> ! d[nfall ( ,capitalism1 ! economic environm5t w m & m imp]atively drive m5 to ,socialism z ! only av5ue ( escape f *aos & pessimism4 ,on ?is po9t1 ( ! motives to action ( ! individual be+ =m$ by economic conditions1 ,m>x wrote 9 ,! ,eighte5? ,brumaire ( ,l\is ,bonap>te3 ,on ! v>i\s =ms ( prop]ty1 on ! conditions ( social exi/5ce1 !re rises an entire sup]/ructure ( v>i\s & peculi>ly =m$ s5sations1 illusions1 me?ods ( ?\ght & views ( life4 ,! :ole class fa%ions & m\lds !m f out ( _! mat]ial f\ndations & _! correspond+ social relations4 ,! s+le individual1 9 :om !y conv]ge ?r\gh tradition & education1 is apt to imag9e t !y con/itute ! real det]m9+ causes & ! po9t ( dep>ture ( 8 action4 7,pr(4 ,seligman's translation47 ,! man :o has ?or\ghly assimilat$ ! doctr9e ( hi/orical mat]ialism _c = a mom5t d\bt ! inevitability ( ,socialism4 ,! utopianism :i* ev9ces itself 9 ?is d\bt may be dep5d$ ^u to betray itself else:]e 9 ! views ( ! d\bt]s4 ,we f9d t ?is is signally true 9 ! case ( ! two illu/ri\s utopian sceptics ,i h m5tion$4 ,! ,natural ,rights plat=m t ,pr(essor ,h]ron wrote & ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty adopt$ 9 #aijd is only less utopian ?an ,daniel ,de,leon's curi\sly *ildi% conceit t 9 ! highly factiti\s1 :eel ( =tune =m ( organization ( ! ,indu/rial ,work]s ( ! ,_w#dj we h ! precise frame-"w ( ! com+ ,co-op]ative ,commonweal?4 ,x does n seem too mu* to say t d\bt ( ! inevitability ( ,socialism is 9 all cases a symptom ( failure to appreh5d cle>ly ! full implications ( ! ,mat]iali/ ,conception ( ,hi/ory4 ,! second "q1 ,if ,socialism is inevitable1 :y d ,sociali/s "w to br+ x ab\t81 w\ld appe> to h be5 answ]$ by implication 9 ! c\rse ( our discussion ( ! fir/ "q4 ,9 brief1 we "w = x because we "k t if we did n x w\ld nev] come4 ,x is inevitable simply because ,sociali/s are inevitable4 ,our activity z ,sociali/ agitators is a necess>y result ( ! developm5t ( capitali/ indu/ry j z mu* z ! ,tru/ is4 ,aga91 we "w = ,socialism because we "k we c get x1 & we "w all ! h>d] if we believe x is com+ soon4 ,"o ( ! mo/ active ( our weal?y sociali/s has said3 ,if ,i _h to be 9 '! hundr$ ye>1 /ep at a "t1 take-:at-y-c-get' class1 y w\ld f9d me automobil+ my life away d[n at ,newport ) ,reggie ,v&]bilt in/ead ( edit+ ?is magaz9e4444 ,z said1 ,i w\ld r *ase d[n ! pike on my ,r$ ,dragon at '/e5 hundr$ miles an h\r1 t]rify+ ! f>m]s1 ?an g 9 = any 're=m game'4 7,gaylord ,wil%ire 9 ,wil%ire ,editorials4 ,new ,york1 #aijg4 ,pages #bcb1 #bcc47 ,s we f9d t 9 practice ! belief 9 ! inevitability & ! proximity ( ,socialism is ! mo/ p[]ful /imulus to sociali/ activity4 ,we believe t ! doctr9e ( ! inevitability ( ,socialism is sci5tifically true1 t its proclamation is ! mo/ effective weapon 9 ! ars5al ( ! ,sociali/ agitator1 & t x is ! mo/ p[]ful inc5tive to ,sociali/ activity2 s t we mean exactly :at ! words imply :5 we address our non-sociali/ fri5ds 9 ! words ( ,william ,morris3 ,come1 jo9 9 ! only battle :]e9 no man c fail1 ,:]e :oso fade? & die?1 yet 8 de$ %all /ill prevail4 ,,footnote3 #dj ,i tru/ t no "o w con/rue ?is z an attack on ! ,indu/rial ,work]s ( ! ,_w4 ,x is n my int5tion to express 9 ?is place any op9ion z to ! m]its or dem]its ( t organization4 ,x is only m5tion$ "h because m5tion ( x 0 necess>y to illu/rate ! mo/ curi\s case ,i "k ( ! abnormally prolong$ ret5tion ( ! utopian tadpole tail4 ,,adv]tisem5ts ,illu/ration ,books on ,socialism1 ,mod]n ,sci5ce1 etc4 ,,/&>d ,,sociali/ ,,s]ies4 ,?is s]ies ( books1 ! fir/ volumes ( :i* 7 issu$ 9 #aija1 conta9s "s ( ! mo/ important works by ! able/ ,sociali/ writ]s ( ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,! size ( page is #fc_/d by #da_/d in*es1 mak+ a conv5i5t %ape ei!r = ! pocket or ! libr>y %elf4 ,! books are sub/antially b\nd 9 clo?1 /amp$ ) a uni=m design1 & are me*anically equal to _m ( ! books sold by o!r publi%]s at a doll> a copy4 ,our retail price1 po/age includ$1 is ,,fifty ,,c5ts4 #a4 ,k>l ,m>x3 ,biographical ,memoirs4 ,by ,wilhelm ,liebkne*t1 translat$ by ,erne/ ,unt]mann4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,?is p]sonal biography ( ,m>x1 by an intimate fri5d :o 0 himself "o ( ! =emo/ ,sociali/s ( ,g]many1 gives a new insight into ! beg9n+s ( ,socialism4 ,moreov]1 x is a *>m+ book1 z int]e/+ z a novel1 & w make an admirable introduction to heavi] read+ on ,socialism4 #b4 ,collectivism & ,indu/rial ,evolution4 ,by ,emile ,v&]velde1 memb] ( ! ,*amb] ( ,deputies1 ,belgium4 ,translat$ by ,*>les ,h4 ,k]r4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,! au?or is a ,sociali/ memb] ( ! ,belgian ,p>liam5t & is "o ( ! able/ writ]s 9 ! int]national ,sociali/ movem5t4 ,?is book is1 on ! :ole1 ! mo/ satisfactory brief summ>y ( ! pr9ciples ( ,socialism t has yet be5 writt54 ,"o di/9ctive feature ( x is t x takes up ! difficult que/ions ( h[ ! ma*9]y ( production c\ld be acquir$ & h[ wages c\ld be adju/$ "u a ,sociali/ adm9i/ration4 #c4 ,! ,am]ican ,f>m]3 ,an ,economic & ,hi/orical ,/udy4 ,by ,a4 ,m4 ,simons4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,! ,am]ican ,f>m]1 9 spite ( its small size1 is ! l>ge/ contribution yet giv5 to ! agr>ian lit]ature ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! au?or1 besides be+ a /ud5t ( ,am]ican social conditions1 is ?or\ghly conv]sant ) practical f>m+1 & !re is little d\bt t ! f>m] :o reads ! "w w h to admit t ! conclusions are bas$ on a real und]/&+ ( ! difficulties ( 8 /ruggle ) ! soil1 ) railroads1 tru/s & =eign competitors4--,*icago ,tribune4 #d4 ,! ,la/ ,days ( ! ,rusk9 ,co-op]ative ,association4 ,by ,isaac ,broome4 ,clo?1 illu/rat$1 #ej c5ts4 ,socialism does n mean )draw+ f ! class /ruggle & try+ to set up a p>adise on a small scale4 ,if !re are ^? :o /ill ?9k su* a s*eme practicable1 !y w f9d int]e/+ facts 9 ?is book4 #e4 ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,family1 ,private ,prop]ty & ! ,/ate4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,engels4 ,translat$ by ,erne/ ,unt]mann4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important ( ! au?or's works1 & al?\gh fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahhd1 0 nev] accessible to ,engli% read]s until our translation appe>$ 9 #aijb4 ,x conta9s practically ev]y?+ necess>y to ! g5]al read] 9 ! volum9\s "w ( ,morgan1 & x fur!rmore gives _m additional facts & a coh]5t1 sci5tific treatm5t ( ! :ole subject4 ,! book is ( great propag&a value1 9 t x %[s ! folly ( ! popul> idea t weal? & pov]ty always h exi/$ & s may always be expect$ to cont9ue4 #f4 ,! ,social ,revolution4 ,by ,k>l ,kautsky4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 & ,may ,wood ,simons4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,kautsky is ! editor ( ! ,neue ,zeit1 & is univ]sally recogniz$ z "o ( ! able/ ,sociali/ writ]s & ?9k]s 9 ,europe4 ,?is book is 9 two p>ts4 ,"p ,i41 ,re=m & ,revolution1 expla9s ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,sociali/ p>ty & all re=m p>ties4 ,"p ,,ii41 ,! ,day ,aft] ! ,revolution1 gives /raight=w>d answ]s to ! que/ions s (t5 ask$ ab\t :at ! ,sociali/s w\ld d if entru/$ ) ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t4 #g4 ,socialism1 ,utopian & ,sci5tific4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,engels4 ,translat$ by ,edw>d ,avel+1 ,d4,sc41 ) a ,special ,introduction by ! ,au?or4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,?is book ranks next to ! ,communi/ ,manife/o z "o ( ! be/ %ort /atem5ts 9 any language ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,socialism4 ,x is an ess5tial "p ( e ,sociali/ libr>y1 h[ev] small4 #h4 ,feu]ba*3 ,! ,roots ( ! ,sociali/ ,philosophy4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,engels4 ,translat$1 ) ,critical ,introduction1 by ,au/9 ,lewis4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,?is book is a criticism on ! works ( a =gott5 philosoph]1 b x is /ill ( timely int]e/1 s9ce attempts are /ill be+ made to re9troduce duali/ notions into ! philosophy ( ,socialism4 ,au/9 ,lewis contributes an int]e/+ hi/orical introduction4 #i4 ,am]ican ,paup]ism & ! ,abolition ( ,pov]ty4 ,by ,isador ,lad(f1 ) a supplem5t1 ,jesus or ,mammon1 by ,j4 ,felix4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,a /udy ( ! la/ ,unit$ ,/ates c5sus1 br++ out 9 bold relief ! social contra/s t are purposely left obscure 9 ! (ficial docum5ts4 ,an ars5al ( facts = ,sociali/ writ]s & speak]s4 #aj4 ,brita9 = ! ,briti% 7,am]ica = ! ,am]icans47 ,by ,rob]t ,blat*=d1 ) ,am]ican ,app5dix by ,a4 ,m4 ,simons4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,a popul> pres5tation ( ,socialism1 9 ! same *>m+ & simple /yle z ! au?or's ,m]rie ,engl&1 b giv+ a f> m adequate & sci5tific acc\nt ( ! subject4 #aa4 ,manife/o ( ! ,communi/ ,p>ty4 ,by ,k>l ,m>x & ,fr$]ick ,engels4 ,au?oriz$ ,engli% ,translation3 ,edit$ & ,annotat$ by ,fr$]ick ,engels4 ,also includ$ 9 ! same volume1 ,no ,compromise3 ,no ,political ,trad+4 ,by ,wilhelm ,liebkne*t4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,simons & ,m>cus ,hit*4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,?is manife/o1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahdh1 is /ill recogniz$ ! _w ov] z ! cle>e/ /atem5t ( ! pr9ciples ( ! int]national ,sociali/ p>ty4 ,x has be5 translat$ into ! language ( e c\ntry :]e capitalism exi/s1 & x is be+ circulat$ m rapidly to-day ?an ev] be=e4 #ab4 ,! ,positive ,s*ool ( ,crim9ology4 ,by ,enrico ,f]ri4 ,translat$ by ,erne/ ,unt]mann4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,! sci5ce ( crim9ology has be5 revolutioniz$ )9 "o g5]ation by ! ,sociali/ /ud5ts ( ,italy1 ( :om ,f]ri is ! mo/ prom95t liv+ repres5tative4 ,?is book is indisp5sable to any "o desir+ reliable in=mation on ! mod]n !ory ( crime & its treatm5t4 #ac4 ,! ,_w's ,revolutions4 ,by ,erne/ ,unt]mann4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,a /udy ( ! economic causes ( ! great revolutions ( ! _w's hi/ory 9 ! light ( ! ,sociali/ pr9ciple ( hi/orical mat]ialism4 #ad4 ,! ,sociali/s1 ,:o ,!y ,are & ,:at ,!y ,seek to ,accompli%4 ,by ,john ,sp>go4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,sci5tific yet readable & easy2 writt5 9 a /yle t ! man 9 ! /reet w und]/& & ! man 9 ! univ]sity w admire4 ,j ! book to />t a new read]4 #ae4 ,social & ,philosophical ,/udies4 ,by ,paul ,laf>gue4 ,translat$ by ,*>les ,h4 ,k]r4 ,9 ,prep>ation4 ,?is book w conta9 two /udies entirely new to ,am]ican read]s1 ,causes ( ,belief 9 ,god1 & ,! ,orig9 ( ,ab/ract ,ideas4 ,x w also conta9 sev]al /udies repr9t$ f ! ,int]national ,sociali/ ,review4 ,laf>gue's brilliant /yle makes ev5 ! mo/ ab/ract subjects delightful4 ,,libr>y ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,= ,,! ,,work]s4 ,mod]n ,int]national ,socialism is directly relat$ to mod]n sci5ce4 ,x is 9 a s5se ! evolution !ory appli$ to ! facts ( society4 ,x1 !re=e1 foll[s t = a full und]/&+ ( socialism "s g5]al k ( ! facts ( mod]n sci5ce is necess>y4 ,a new s]ies ( books has lately appe>$ 9 ,g]many :i* give 9 simple & popul> =m complete pro(s ( ! evolution !ory along ) a cle> acc\nt ( ! late/ applications ( ?is !ory 9 ! v>i\s fields ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,we h arrang$ to translate & publi% "s ( ! be/ ( ^!1 along ) su* orig9al works 9 ! same l9e z are available4 ,!y are uni=m 9 size ) ! ,/&>d ,sociali/ ,s]ies4 #a4 ,! ,evolution ( ,man4 ,by ,wilhelm ,boels*e4 ,translat$ by ,erne/ ,unt]mann4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,! ,evolution ( ,man tells 9 full detail1 9 a cle>1 simple /yle1 illu/rat$ by pictures1 j h[ ! desc5t ( man c be trac$ back ?r\gh monkeys1 m>supials1 amphibians1 fi%es1 worms & l[] =ms ( life1 d[n to ! animals compos$ ea* ( a s+le cell4 ,moreov]1 x proves t !re is no su* fix$ l9e z 0 =m]ly ?\ght to exi/ betwe5 ! organic & ! inorganic1 b t ! same life-=ce molds ! cry/al t molds ! cell4 ,x is n only simple2 x is up-to-date & gives ! late/ discov]ies 9 sci5ce4 ,x is ! book on ! subject4 #b4 ,g]ms ( ,m9d 9 ,plants4 ,by ,r4 ,h4 ,france4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,simons4 ,clo?1 illu/rat$1 #ej c5ts4 ,a c>d9al po9t 9 ! philosophical sy/ems favor$ by ! rul+ classes is t ! m9d ( man is some?+ unique 9 ! univ]se1 gov]n$ by laws ( its own t h no p>ticul> connection ) physical laws4 ,mod]n sci5ce has prov$ t n only animals1 b also plants1 receive impressions f ! outside _w & use ! data ?us obta9$ to modify _! movem5ts = _! own advantage1 exactly z human be+s d4 ,^! facts are told 9 ?is book 9 s *>m+ & ent]ta9+ a /yle t ! read] is c>ri$ along & does n realize until lat] ! revolution>y significance ( ! facts4 #c4 ,! ,end ( ! ,_w4 ,by ,dr4 ,m4 ,wilhelm ,mey]4 ,translat$ by ,m>g>et ,wagn]4 ,clo?1 illu/rat$1 #ej c5ts4 ,?is book answ]s 9 ! light ( ! discov]y ( mod]n sci5ce ! que/ions frequ5tly ask$ z to ! probable end ( human life on ?is planet4 ,moreov]1 x goes a /ep fur!r 9 mak+ cle> ! relations ( man's life to ! univ]se life4 ,we h already se5 t m9d is b ano!r =m ( life4 ,dr4 ,mey] %[s t n only animals & plants b ev5 worlds & suns h _! bir?1 gr[?1 maturity1 reproduction1 decay & dea?1 & t dea? is b ! prep>ation = a new cycle ( life4 #d4 ,sci5ce & ,revolution3 ,a ,hi/orical ,/udy ( ! ,evolution ( ! ,!ory ( ,evolution4 ,by ,erne/ ,unt]mann4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,a hi/ory ( ! evolution ( ! !ory ( evolution1 f ! e>lie/ sci5tific writ+s t h be5 pres]v$1 ^? ( ! ,greek philosoph]s1 d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,! au?or %[s h[ ! rul+ classes1 liv+ on ! labor ( o!rs1 h always support$ "s =m ( !ology or my/icism1 :ile ! work+ classes h develop$ ! !ory ( evolution1 :i* is r\nd$ out to its logical completion by ! "w ( ,m>x1 ,engels & ,dietzg54 ,! au?or frankly recognizes t no writ] c avoid be+ influ5c$ by 8 class environm5t1 & he himself speaks di/9ctly z a prolet>ian & a ,sociali/4 ,sci5ce & ,revolution is an ess5tial l9k 9 ! *a9 ( evid5ce prov+ t conclusions drawn by ,sociali/s f ! facts ( sci5ce4 #e4 ,! ,triumph ( ,life4 ,by ,wilhelm ,boels*e4 ,translat$ by ,may ,wood ,simons4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,! ,g]man critics agree t ?is book is ev5 m int]e/+ ?an ,! ,evolution ( ,man1 by ! same au?or4 ,x tells ( ! /ruggle ( life aga9/ its physical environm5t1 & introduces a weal? ( sci5tific detail *>m+ set =?4 ,! ,g]man orig9al conta9s no illu/rations1 b our edition is fully illu/rat$ ) pictures t aid mat]ially 9 an und]/&+ ( ! text4 #f4 ,life & ,dea?1 a ,*apt] f ! ,sci5ce ( ,life4 ,by ,dr4 ,e4 ,tei*mann4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,simons4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,a /udy ( h[ life beg9s & h[ x ends4 ,x does n duplicate any o!r book 9 ?is s]ies1 b is a special inve/igation into ! laws :i* gov]n ! reproduction ( life4 ,x also deals ) ! me?ods by :i* ! life ( ea* sep>ate individual is br\ght to an end1 & %[s t 9 an ov]:elm+ majority ( cases ?r\gh\t ! :ole animal k+dom dea? is viol5t r ?an natural4 ,ev5 among human be+s a really natural dea? is r>e4 ,! au?or sugge/s t ) improv$ conditions ( liv+1 mo/ premature dea?s may be prev5t$1 & t 9 t ev5t ! fe> ( dea?1 :i* causes s mu* ( ! mis]y ( ! _w1 may disappe>4 #g4 ,! ,mak+ ( ! ,_w4 ,by ,dr4 ,m4 ,wilhelm ,mey]4 ,translat$ by ,erne/ ,unt]mann4 ,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,?is is a companion volume to ,! ,end ( ! ,_w1 & traces ! processes ?r\gh :i* new suns & new worlds come into be+ to take ! place ( ^? t h gr[n old & di$4 ,x is an ess5tial l9k 9 ! *a9 ( evid5ce prov+ t ! human m9d is n some?+ ap>t f nature b only ano!r manife/ation ( ! "o =ce t p]vades all matt]4 ,! book has tw5ty-f\r illu/rations1 = ! mo/ "p reproductions ( telescopic photographs1 :i* make ! tru? ( ! /atem5ts 9 ! book evid5t to e read]4 ,,! ,,int]national ,,libr>y ,,( ,,social ,,sci5ce4 ,?is new libr>y1 ! fir/ volume ( :i* appe>$ 9 ,janu>y1 #aijf1 conta9s 9 sub/antial & arti/ic clo? b9d+ "s ( ! mo/ important works on socialism & k9dr$ subjects t h ev] be5 (f]$ 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,:ile our price has be5 fix$ at a doll> a volume1 mo/ ( ! books 9 ! libr>y are equal to ! sociological books sold by o!r publi%]s at f #a4ej to #b4jj4 #a4 ,! ,*ang+ ,ord]4 ,a ,/udy ( ,democracy4 ,by ,osc> ,lovell ,triggs1 ,ph4,d4 ,clo?1 #a4jj4 ,dr4 ,triggs 0 a prom95t pr(essor 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 b he taught too mu* tru? = ,/&>d ,oil1 & is no long] a pr(essor 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,?is book conta9s "s ( ! tru? t 0 too revolution>y = ,mr4 ,rockefell]'s in/itution4 ,x traces ! inevitable rise ( democracy 9 indu/ry1 9 o!r words1 ( a work+ class movem5t t w take indu/ry out ( ! control ( capitali/s4 ,x also /udies ! necess>y effect ( ?is ris+ democracy on lit]ature & art1 on "w & play1 on education & religion4 ,= description ( o!r books 9 ?is libr>y1 & a l>ge v>iety ( o!r ,sociali/ic lit]ature1 see catalog2 mail$ free on reque/4 ,address ,,*>les ,h4 ,,k]r ,,co4 #bfd ,ea/ ,k9zie ,/reet ,,*icago