file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #bcedf-;h4htm or #bcedf-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#b_/c_ /e_/d_/bcedf_/bcedf-;h_/#bcedf-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#b_/c_ /e_/d_/bcedf_/bcedf-;h4zip7 ,r$way's ,geographical ,read]s ,,weal? ,,( ,,! ,,_w',s ,,wa/e ,,places ,,& ,,oceania by ,,jewett ,c4 ,,gilson ,=m] ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools1 ,oakl&1 ,cali=nia ,illu/rat$ ,illu/ration3 ,f ! ,national ,geographic ,magaz9e1 copyright #aiaa3 ,! great ,ra9b[ natural bridge ( s\!rn ,utah ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons ,new ,york #aiac ,copyright1 #aiac1 by ,jewett ,c4 ,gilson ,,preface ,al?\gh ! t]m ,wa/e ,places c>ries an impli$ mean+ ( wor?less1 yet1 int]pret$ 9 ! light ( ,nature's me?ods1 ea* region describ$1 useless z x may app>5tly seem1 possesses a def9ite relation to ! re/ ( ! _w1 & !re=e to ! well-be+ ( man4 ,! ,sah>a is ! track ( ! w9ds ^: moi/ure f]tilizes ! flood-pla9s ( ! ,nile4 ,! ,himalaya ,m\nta9s cond5se ! ra9 t gives life to ,india4 ,f ! inhospitable pol> regions come ! w9ds & curr5ts t temp] ! heat ( ! tropics4 ,nature has secret$ _m ( h] mo/ useful treasures 9 mo/ =bidd+ places4 ,! nitrates :i* f]tilize s mu* ( ,europe are drawn f ! fi]ce/ ( ,s\? ,am]ican des]ts1 & ! gold :i* measures ,am]ican comm]ce is m9$ 9 ! arctic wilds ( ,alaska or 9 ! almo/ inaccessible sc>ps ( ! we/]n highl&s4 ,! description ( ^! regions & ! portrayal ( _! relation to ! re/ ( ! _w is ! purpose ( ,"p ,i ( ?is book4 ,"p ,,ii ( ! book deals ) ,oceania--m especially ) our isl& possessions 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,x pres5ts ! sali5t features ( ! ocean gr& division 9 ! light ( mo/ rec5t k4 ,! au?or wi%es to give cr$it to ,mr4 ,jacques ,w4 ,r$way1 ,f4,r4,g4,s41 = sugge/+ ! subject ( ,"p ,i & = ! inspiration he receiv$ f ! di/+ui%$ geograph] 9 develop+ ! subject4 ,j4 ,c4 ,g4 ,oakl&1 ,cali=nia1 ,decemb] #be1 #aiab4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i--,,weal? ,,( ,,! ,,_w',s ,,wa/e ,,places ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,weal? ,,( ,,! ,,arid ,,s\?we/ #d ,,ii4 ,,! ,,gr& ,,canyon ,,( ,,! ,,colorado #bg ,,iii4 ,,yell[/one ,,p>k #ce ,,iv4 ,,two ,,prehi/oric ,,cemet]ies--,,giant ,,reptiles ,,& ,,giant ,,trees #ea ,v4 ,,dea? ,,valley #eh ,,vi4 ,,! ,,m9]al ,,weal? ,,( ,,! ,,&es #fg ,,vii4 ,,! ,,cz>',s ,,great] ,,doma9 #hb ,,viii4 ,,! ,,my/ic ,,highl&s ,,( ,,asia #ig ,,ix4 ,,! ,,primal ,,home ,,( ,,! ,,s>ac5 #aje ,x4 ,,! ,,sah>a #aae ,,xi4 ,,pol> ,,regions--,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,arctic #abh ,,xii4 ,,pol> ,,regions--,,ant>ctica #adg ,,xiii4 ,,icel&1 ,,! ,,maid ,,( ,,! ,,nor? #afj ,,xiv4 ,,gre5l& #agj ,,xv4 ,,:]e ,,! ,,two ,,great ,,oceans ,,meet #age ,,xvi4 ,,reclaimable ,,swamp ,,regions #ahc ,,xvii4 ,,/range ,,rock ,,=mations--,,natural ,,bridges #aij ,,xviii4 ,,/range ,,rock ,,=mations--,,table ,,m\nta9 ,,( ,,cali=nia #aie ,,xix4 ,,/range ,,rock ,,=mations--,,gibralt> #aii ,,xx4 ,,! ,,baku ,,oil ,,fields #bjf ,,xxi4 ,,! ,,s\? ,,african ,,diamond ,,fields #baa ,,"p ,,ii--,,oceania ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,isl&s ,,( ,,! ,,pacific #bbf ,,xxiii4 ,,au/ralia #bcc ,,xxiv4 ,,! ,,great ,,b>ri] ,,reef #bdd ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,gold ,,fields ,,( ,,au/ralia #bej ,,xxvi4 ,,tasmania #beh ,,xxvii4 ,,new ,,zeal& #bfb ,,xxviii4 ,,samoa ,,& ,,fiji #bgj ,,xxix4 ,,! ,,hawaiian ,,isl&s #bgg ,,xxx4 ,,guam #bhe ,,xxxi4 ,,! ,,philipp9e ,,isl&s #bhi ,,xxxii4 ,,! ,,dut* ,,ea/ ,,indies--,,java #cja ,,xxxiii4 ,,! ,,dut* ,,ea/ ,,indies--,,sumatra ,,& ,,celebes #caa ,,xxxiv4 ,,borneo ,,& ,,papua #cai ,,illu/rations ,! great ,ra9b[ natural bridge ( s\!rn ,utah ,frontispiece ,,page ,map ( ,isl&s ( ! ,pacific ,fac+ #a ,mohave ,des]t1 ,cali=nia4 ,buzz>ds' ,roo/ #f ,gila mon/]s #i ,a giant cactus 9 ,arizona #ab ,! ,roosevelt ,dam1 ,arizona1 %[+ s\? bridge & spillway #ag ,%o%one ,project1 ,wyom+ #be ,! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,colorado #bi ,gr& ,view ,trail #cc ,! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 ,wyom+1 look+ d[n canyon f ,gr& ,po9t #cg ,! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 ,wyom+4 ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s1 ,summit ,pools #de ,! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 ,wyom+4 ,beehive ,geys] #dg ,! ,brontosaurus #ec ,! ,allosaurus #ee ,tw5ty-mule borax team #fa ,! ,oroya ,railroad1 ,p]u1 %[+ f\r sections ( ! road #gc ,llamas re/+ #gg ,silv]-smelt+ works at ,cassapalca1 on ! ,oroya ,railroad1 ,p]u1 #ac1fjj feet high #gi ,fi%+ = /urgeon ?r\gh ! ice ( ! ,ural ,riv]4 ,cat*+ ! mat]ial = cavi>e #hc ,ga!r+ salt at ! m\? ( ! ,ural ,riv] #hg ,driv+ ov] ! tundra 9 w9t] #ia ,tra9 on ! /eppes ( ,russia #ie ,dunk> ,spiti1 ,himalaya ,m\nta9s1 ,india #ii ,khaib> ,pass1 ! gateway to ,india #ajg ,on ! s&s ( ! des]t #aag ,! yak n only s]ves z a bea/ ( burd51 b furni%es milk1 butt]1 & meat #ajc ,a gr\p ( ,arabs ) _! drom$>ies #aaa ,a c>avan cross+ ! des]t on ! road to ,jaffa #abe ,pe>y's %ip1 ! ,roosevelt #acg ,comm&] ,rob]t ,e4 ,pe>y & ?ree ( 8 ,eskimo dogs on ! ,roosevelt #ada ,musk ox #add ,an ant>ctic summ] sc5e #adi ,! p5gu9 defies ! cold #aec ,/reet 9 ,reykjavik1 ,icel& #afc ,nor? ,cape1 ,icel& #afg ,/one igloos on ! bleak coa/ ( ,gre5l& #aga ,a l>ge iceb]g #agc ,a gr\p ( ,eskimos 9 s\? ,gre5l& #agd ,! ,/raits ( ,magellan4 ,cape ,pil> is ! extreme we/]n end #agg ,fuegians #agi ,! ,ev]glades ( ,florida #ahd ,gr\p ( ,sem9ole ,indians 9 ! ,ev]glades ( ,florida #ahg ,! ,devil's ,slide1 ,web] ,canyon1 ,utah #aia ,wit* ,rocks1 ne> ,e*o ,canyon1 ,utah #aic ,?is /rong & impregnable place is ! ,rock ( ,gibralt>1 & ! city ne/l+ at its base1 ,gibralt> #bja ,l&+-place = comm]ce on ! ,caspian ,sea #bji ,op5 work+s ( ! diamond m9e1 ,kimb]ley #bai ,sort+ gravel = diamonds 9 ! ,kimb]ley m9e #bbc ,a ,malay girl #bbi ,a ,malay boy #bca ,a giant fig-tree1 #adj feet 9 circumf]5ce #bce ,a "m kang>oo ) a "y kang>oo 9 h] pocket #bcg ,an ,au/ralian emeu #bci ,home/ead & /ation 9 ,"y di/rict1 ,au/ralia #bdc ,! ,great ,b>ri] ,reef ( ,au/ralia1 ! mo/ rem>kable animal /ructure 9 ! _w #bdg ,melb\rne is ! l>ge/ city ( ,au/ralia & conta9s ne>ly half a million p #beg ,maori pa1 or village #bfc ,! ,petrify+ ,geys]1 ,new ,zeal& #bfe ,native canoe1 ,fiji ,isl&s #bge ,g5]al view ( ,volcano ,h\se1 ,kilauea1 ,hawaii #bgi ,a lake ( :ite-hot molt5 lava4 ,! volcano ( ,mauna-,loa1 ,hawaii #bha ,native pl\gh+ 9 rice-field1 ,guam4 ,"o may f9d rice-f>ms z skilfully cultivat$ z ^? ( ,japan or ,*9a #bhg ,! c>abao1 h>ness$ to a dray or wagon1 %uffles along #bia ,! h>bor ( ! city4 ,sc5e on ! ,pasig ,riv]1 ,manila #bie ,extract+ indigo 9 ,ilocos ,prov9ce1 ,philipp9e ,isl&s #big ,manila hemp z x is br\ght 9 f ! c\ntry #bii ,a breadfruit tree 9 ,java #cjc ,c(fee-dry+ 9 ,java #cji ,natives 9 ! jungle1 ,sumatra #cac ,a jungle1 sc5e 9 ,sumatra #caf ,,weal? ,,( ,,! ,,_w',s ,,wa/e ,,places ,,& ,,oceania ,illu/ration3 ,isl&s ( ! ,pacific4 ,,"p ,i ,,weal? ,,( ,,! ,,_w',s ,,wa/e ,,places ,,introduction ,!re is a great weal? ( lit]ature ab\t :at we call ! _w's productive l&s--t is1 ! d5sely peopl$ l&s t yield gra91 meat1 sug>1 fruit1 & all ! v>i\s food/uffs4 ,9 any well-equipp$ libr>y we may f9d great numb]s ( useful books t w tell u all ab\t ! places :]e cotton1 wool1 & silk are gr[n1 or :]e coal & iron are m9$4 ,all ^! l&s are ! dwell+ places ( _m p4 ,networks ( railways connect ! v>i\s cities & villages1 & probably a majority ( ! p liv+ 9 !m h travell$ 9 & ab\t mu* ( ! area ( ^! l&s4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! e>?'s surface is commonly call$ unproductive4 ,z a rule ?is is only ano!r way ( say+ t su* p>ts ( ! _w produce little food/uffs4 ,we mu/ n take ! ^w unproductive ei!r too lit]ally or too s]i\sly1 h[ev]1 = ,dame ,nature has a way ( secret+ "s ( h] *oice treasures 9 places s =bidd+ & s desolate t only ! mo/ resolute & d>+ m5 ev5 se>* = !m4 ,= in/ance1 ! m9]al once mu* us$ by ! mak]s ( c>bonat$ or soda wat] comes f a "p ( ,gre5l& t is s bleak1 cold1 & inhospitable t no human be+s c long exi/ !re unless food & fuel are br\ght !m f af> (f4 ,! fam\s nitrates ( ,*ile are obta9$ 9 ! fi]ce/ "p ( ! ,&ean des]t4 ,n only ! food b ! wat] consum$ mu/ be c>ri$ to ! m9]s1 :o are b little bett] ?an slaves4 ,mo/ ( ! gold & silv] is obta9$ 9 regions t are unfit = human habitation4 ,! l>ge/ diamond fields 9 ! _w are 9 a region t w n produce ev5 grass )\t irrigation--a region t w\ld n be inhabit$ 7 !re no diamonds4 ,f ! mo/ inhospitable highl&s ( ,asia comes a v consid]able "p ( ! preci\s m9]al1 jade4 ,dea? ,valley1 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on acc\nt ( its t]rific heat1 is p]haps ! mo/ unhabitable region 9 ! _w1 b ! borax :i* x produces is us$ 9 e civiliz$ c\ntry4 ,& s we might "n regions by ! score t are practically unhabitable1 :i* nev]!less produce ?+s necess>y to civiliz$ man4 ,we call !m wa/e places1 b ?is is f> f true4 ,= ! great] "p !y are q z necess>y z ! places we call f]tile4 ,( food/uffs1 = in/ance1 ! great] "p ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 highl& produces n mu* m ?an ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,yet ! pres5ce ( ?is great m\nta9 wall div]ts ! moi/ w>m air f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico nor?w>d1 mak+ ! ,mississippi bas9 "o ( ! =emo/ gran>ies ( ! _w4 ,! abs5ce ( ra9 9 ! we/ slope ( ! ,p]uvian ,&es makes mu* ( ! we/]n "p ( ,*ile & ,p]u a des]t4 ,b t same abs5ce ( ra9 makes ! nitrate b$s possible2 = _h !re be5 ye>ly ra9s1 ! nitrates long s9ce w\ld h be5 lea*$ out4 ,s1 ! l&s ! nitrates n[ f]tilize are f> great] 9 area ?an t ( ! region ( ! nitrates4 ,!n1 p]haps1 we turn our eyes oceanw>d4 ,:at6 weal? 9 ^! great wa/es8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly1 & indisp5sable weal? at t4 ,let u =get = a mom5t t ! oceans produce ab\t z mu* meat/uffs z ! l&2 ?is is really ! lea/ important feature ab\t !m4 ,! oceans produce "o ?+ t is absolutely necess>y = e liv+ ?+ almo/ e h\r ( ! day1 & t is fre% wat]4 ,e drop ( fre% wat] t falls on ! l& is born ( ! ocean4 ,ev5 ! cold1 pol> oceans are indisp5sable to life1 = _! wat]s are con/antly fl[+ out into ! w>m] oceans1 !reby temp]+ ! wat] ( ! latt] & prev5t+ x f be+ too w>m = liv+ ?+s4 ,?us we see t1 aft] all1 ,dame ,nature is n v unk9d to h] subjects4 ,comp5sation is h] great law2 if h] supplies are %ort 9 "o direction !y are long 9 ano!r4 ,& :5 we take ! broad] view we mu/ conclude t !re are no wa/e places4 ,x is only :5 we take ! extreme & n>r[ view t we voice ! p]siflage ( ! poet ,pope3 ,:ile man exclaims3 ',see all ?+s = my use'-- ',see man = m9e1' replies a pamp]$ goose4 ,n[1 ^! wa/e places are ( v>i\s k9ds & 9 pretty ne>ly e locality4 ,"s are des]ts pure & simple2 "s are v dry &1 to avoid hurt+ our national feel+s1 we politely ref] to !m z arid regions2 "s are s rugg$ & inaccessible t no?+ %ort ( dirigible balloons & a]oplanes c\ld op5 a g5]al communication ) !m2 /ill o!rs are 9 pol> regions & too bleak & desolate to produce food/uffs or support human life4 ,! purpose ( ^! *apt]s is to pres5t ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! wa/e places4 ,mo/ ( !m h be5 conqu]$ by man1 & _! res\rces h be5 op5$ wide to ! _w4 ,possibly o!rs yet rema9 to be conqu]$1 b :at man has done1 man c d4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,weal? ,,( ,,! ,,arid ,,s\?we/ ,ye>s ago ! maps ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates depict$ a va/ region we/ ( ! ,miss\ri ,riv] /ippl$ ) dots1 :i* 7 suppos$ to imitate s&1 & m>k$ ) ! port5t\s leg5d1 ,great ,am]ican ,des]t4 ,z /urdy pione]s pu%$ _! settlem5ts f>!r & f>!r we/w>d1 ! great ,am]ican des]t began to %r9k 9 size until ! roseate descriptions ( prospectors & l& speculators l$ "o to believe t ?is :ole region ne$$ only a t\* ( ! pl\gh & ! h>r[ to produce ! mo/ b\ntiful crops gr[n any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,nev]!less1 ! great doma9 ext5d+ f ! tw5ty-five-hundr$-foot level to ! cre/ ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada ,m\nta9s is a region s defici5t 9 ra9fall t1 = ! great] "p1 ord9>y food/uffs w n gr[ )\t irrigation2 s f>m+ mu/ be conf9$ ma9ly to ! flood-pla9s ( ! riv]s4 ,"h & !re consid]able areas h be5 made f]tile by captur+ riv]s1 damm+ _! /reams s z to create great res]voirs1 & !n measur+ out ! wat]s to ! f>m l&s bel[4 ,! ,salt ,riv] dam 9 ,arizona1 rec5tly complet$1 w supply wat] to two ?\s& squ>e miles1 or ab\t tw5ty-five ?\s& fifty-acre f>ms4 ,b 9 spite ( all t man has done & c d to make ?is region fruitful1 n f> f half a million squ>e miles w ev] rema9 b>r5 s f> z ! production ( food/uffs is conc]n$4 ,n[ ?is :ole region1 irrigat$ l&s includ$1 does n produce m weal? ?an ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york alone--possibly x does n produce s mu*4 ,indirectly1 h[ev]1 x is wor? m ?an two ?\s& million doll>s ye>ly to ! re/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 = x is a great highl& ^: rims1 ! ,si]ra ,nevada & ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ranges1 are ab\t two miles high4 ,n[1 ^! l(ty ranges wr+ almo/ e drop ( moi/ure f ! ra9-be>+ w9ds ( ! ,pacific ,ocean1 leav+ !m too dry to %$ any moi/ure ov] ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,because ( ?is great m\nta9 b>ri]1 ! w9ds t br+ ra9 & b\ntiful crops to ! ,mississippi ,valley & ! ,atlantic slope1 foll[ an easi] passage1 fl[+ directly f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico & ! ,c>ibbean ,sea4 ,& ! copi\s ra9s are ! *ief weal? ( ?is midl& region4 ,b ! arid we/]n highl& possesses a great weal? ( its own--a weal? ^: influ5ce is _w-wide1 = x is "o ( ! _w's *ief /oreh\ses ( gold1 silv]1 & copp]4 ,gold & silv] are ! m$iums ( comm]cial transactions1 & copp] is ! *ief m$ium = ! transmission ( electric p[]4 ,^! metals1 !re=e1 are q z necess>y z are iron & /eel4 ,moreov]1 ?is great wa/e1 a seem+ incubus on ! face ( ! e>?1 is ea* ye> disclos+ m & m ( its m9]al & agricultural weal?4 ,gold is ! mo/ widely dissem9at$ ( all metals1 & is said to be :]e y f9d x4 ,t ?is /atem5t is true has be5 demon/rat$ _m times1 especially dur+ ! la/ few decades4 ,9 ! nor? x has be5 f\nd 9 ! froz5 gr\nd ( ,alaska & ,sib]ia1 9 ! s\? 9 ! s&s on ! surf-beat5 %ores ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego & 9 ! reefs ( ! ,transvaal1 :ile x is f\nd 9 num]\s places ly+ betwe5 ^! extremes4 ,! va/ tract ( l& 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :5ce mo/ ( ^! metals are obta9$ has be5 ! sc5e ( _m trag$ies4 ,x is an inhospitable region1 scanty 9 bo? animal & vegetable life1 :]e climatic conditions call = h]oic d>+ on ! "p ( ^? :o w\ld se>* out its hidd5 my/]ies2 x is a l& ( dea?-deal+ mirages1 yet conta9+ untold weal? = ! m9]1 & likewise = ! husb&man :o c irrigate ! fall[ p>*$ surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,mohave ,des]t1 ,cali=nia4 ,buzz>ds' ,roo/ ,! bold prospector has une>!d 9 _m places ( s\!rn ,nevada gold-be>+ rock assay+ ?\s&s ( doll>s to ! ton1 ! result be+ ! build+ up ( cities & t[ns & ! con/ruction ( connect+ railroads to meet ! dem&s ( ! gr[+ comm]ce4 ,until rec5tly1 silv] 0 ! pr9cipal metal s\ght & f\nd 9 ! ,/ate ( ,nevada2 b n[ gold is k+1 & 8 ?rone has be5 %ift$ f "o des]t camp to ano!r1 ea* lay+ claim to 8 abundant pres5ce1 :ile new claimants are ev] br++ new treasures into light4 ,! two mo/ valuable deposits ( ! preci\s metals n[ kn[n 9 ,nevada are at ,tonopah & ,goldfield1 ! discov]y ( ! fir/ hav+ be5 made 9 #aija & ( ! latt] 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,"s ( ! ,goldfield ore has assay$ z high z ?irty ?\s& doll>s p] ton1 & s ri* 7 _m ( its ores t !y 7 sack$ & c>efully gu>d$ until l&$ at ! r$uction works4 ,9 "o ye> & a half f ! discov]y ( gold at ,goldfield ! output rea*$ f\r million doll>s4 ,^! m9es ( ! ,nevada des]ts excel 9 ! ri*ness & abundance ( _! ores1 :ile 9 ! future ^! camps bid fair to outrival 9 developm5t all o!r sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a few ye>s ago ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,silv] ,/ate 0 consid]$ utt]ly wor?less & a region to be %unn$ l a *>nel-h\se1 on acc\nt ( its b>r5 & dang]\s "*4 ,n[ x is ! ,mecca ( ! gold-seek]4 ,^! m9es h already made _m a poor man weal?y & _m a weal?y man a millionaire4 ,ea* hillock1 l$ge1 or rav9e holds a possible =tune1 & no h>d%ip & p]il is too great = ! prospector lur$ by ! hope ( a ri* f9d4 ,! prosp]\s des]t m9+ t[n1 fir/ built ( canvas & r\gh lumb]1 is soon replac$ by a bett] class ( build+s1 & wat] is br\ght ?r\gh long miles ( pipe f ! ne>e/ available s\rce4 ,anon1 electric-light+ & o!r mod]n conv5i5ces are add$1 !reby mak+ life m tol]able 9 a fi]ce climate ( heat & cold1 ( fi]c] w9ds & bl9d+ du/4 ,n only is gold f\nd 9 ^! des]t wa/es1 b borax1 nitre1 sulphur1 silv]1 salt1 soda1 opals1 g>nets1 turquoises1 onyx1 & m>ble =m a "p ( its res\rces4 ,ri* gold m9es h built ! t[ns ( ,r&sburg & ,johannesburg 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,mohave des]t1 :ile f9ds ( ri* ore made else:]e are ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,x is ?\ght t 9 ! ne> future suffici5t nitre c be obta9$ f ! des]ts ( ,cali=nia & ,nevada to r5d] ! ,unit$ ,/ates indep5d5t ( ,*ile1 f ^: des]t1 ,atacama1 ! _w's *ief supply ( ?is m9]al is n[ obta9$4 ,p]haps !re is no "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates m heal?y & at ! same "t m deadly ?an ! s\!a/]n "p ( ,cali=nia1 embrac$ 9 ^? indef9ite areas call$ ! ,mohave & ,colorado des]ts4 ,t life & dea? %\ld lay claim to ! same regions ) equal /r5g? seems some:at ( a riddle1 b a c>eful inve/igation ( ! conditions w make good ! claims ( bo?4 ,"h are regions rivall+ ! ,sah>a 9 heat1 lack ( wat]1 & b>r5ness1 & 9 _m p>ts z difficult to trav]se2 regions full ( surprises 9 deceptive mirages1 peculi> vegetation1 /range animal life1 occasional cl\d-bur/s1 purity & exhil>at+ effects ( atmosph]e1 *>m ( ev]-*ang+ colors reflect$ f ! m\nta9s1 weal? ( floral display 9 e>ly spr+1 & m>vell\s f]tility ( soil :5 t\*$ by ! magic w& ( wat]4 ,all ^! & a c]ta9 weirdness ( beauty difficult to def9e give ^! great wa/es a peculi> attraction ( _! own :i* only ^? :o h sp5t mu* "t !re c und]/& & appreciate4 ,= ! dread :ite plague 9 its e>ly /ages !re is no m$ic9e & no o!r climate t c equal ! pure1 heal+ atmosph]e ( ^! des]ts4 ,a new lease ( life may be ga9$ by ! n]ve-rack$ man or woman :o w lay aside all home worries & sp5d a few mon?s at "s cong5ial home on "o or ano!r ( ^! des]ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,gila mon/]s ,among ! animal life f\nd on ! des]t are ! wildcat1 coyote1 rabbit1 de]1 rat1 tortoise1 scorpion1 c5tip$e1 t>antula1 ,gila mon/]1 *uck-walla1 des]t rattlesnake1 side-w9d]1 humm+-bird1 eagle1 quail1 & road-runn]4 ,wild horses & wild donkeys1 or burros1 frequ5t ^! great wa/es1 cropp+ ! vegetation t gr[s on ! oases4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! animals is ! des]t-rat1 ^: habits1 seem+ly intellig5t & equally curi\s1 enable him to ma9ta9 a home amid surr\nd+s mo/ unfavorable to 8 survival4 ,he is a big1 active fell[ ( a glossy gray color1 & s9ce he always leaves some?+ 9 place ( :atev] he may c>ry (f1 he is (t5 call$ ! trade rat4 ,night-"t is 8 busy day4 ,! h\se t he builds = himself is a v]itable =tifi$ ca/le built 9 up-to-date des]t-rat /yle1 "u a protect+ bu% or rock1 or beside a cactus--pref]ably a prickly pe>4 ,?is /ronghold1 f f\r to five feet long & ?ree feet high1 is made ( /icks int]wov5 ) pieces ( prickly cactus1 ?orny twigs1 & odd bits 9 g5]al--great c>e be+ tak5 to h mo/ ( ! ?orns project outw>d4 ,8 private qu>t]s consi/ ( a %all[ hole burr[$ "u ! c5tre ( ?is ?orn-wov5 pile4 ,access to ! int]ior is ga9$ by a w9d+ passage4 ,! only enemy t might try to ?read ! mazy hallway is ! rattl]1 :o by an +5i\s device is det]r$ f ev5 mak+ ! attempt4 ,to keep 8 snake%ip f intrud+ on dome/ic privacy ,mr4 ,rat takes sev]al /rips ( sp9y cactus & lays !m flatways across ! passageway lead+ to 8 retreat4 ,x is well kn[n t a rattlesnake w n crawl ov] a prickly sub/ance2 h5ce a travell] :5 camp+ out at night 9 rattlesnake regions (t5 surr\nds 8 sleep+ place ) a horsehair rope z a safegu>d aga9/ su* an unwelcome intrud]4 ,ev5 ! hungry1 pr[l+ coyote1 :o w\ld make %ort "w ( ! rat c\ld he b get at him1 fights %y ( lac]at+ 8 paws by attempt+ to te> d[n ! =midable pile4 ,! des]t-rat has a morbid desire to c>ry to 8 home any small article :i* he may *ance to f9d ly+ ar\nd1 z _m a des]t m9] has f\nd to 8 discomfiture1 b he always leaves some?+ 9 its place1 su* z a /rip ( cactus or a /ick4 ,= d[nright /rategy no creature inhabit+ ! des]t surpasses ! road-runn]1 sometimes call$ ! gr\nd-cuckoo or snake-kill]4 ,?\gh omnivor\s1 ?is bird lives *iefly on reptiles & mollusks4 ,x is deck$ 9 a gay plumage ( copp]y gre51 ) /reaks ( :ite on ! sides & a topknot ( deep blue4 ,9 fleetness ( foot x is said to equal ! horse4 ,_m /ories are told ( its surr\nd+ a coil$ sleep+ rattlesnake ) /rips ( cactus & !n tantaliz+ its victim until1 baffl$ 9 e attempt to get away1 ! snake f9ally inflicts a deadly bite on itself4 ,!n ! road-runn] leisurely proce$s to dev\r ! suicide4 ,! *>act]i/ic plants ( ^! des]ts are sage1 mesquite1 greasewood1 & a great v>iety ( cacti4 ,( ! cactus family1 ! mo/ conspicu\s is ! sagu>o1 or giant cactus1 :i* frequ5tly atta9s ! height ( fifty feet4 ,all ! cacti are leafless & abundantly suppli$ ) %>p1 ne$le-l sp9es :i* protect !m f h]bivor\s animals4 ,! b>k or out] cov]+ has a firm1 close texture t prev5ts ! sap f evaporat+ dur+ ! long1 dry season4 ,9 trav]s+ ! des]ts dur+ ,may & ,june1 "o is amaz$ at ! display ( beautiful blossoms ( :ite1 yell[1 purple1 p9k1 & sc>let issu+ f _! ?orny /alks4 ,! plant mo/ welcome to ! ?ir/y travell]1 & :i* has sav$ ! lives ( _m a w&]+ prospector1 is ! well ( ! des]t1 a b>rel-%ap$ cactus ?ickly /udd$ ) %>p sp9es4 ,:5 "o cuts out ! c5tre ( ! plant 9 a b[l-l =m1 ! cavity soon fills up ) a wat]y liquid t is mo/ refre%+4 ,illu/ration3 ,a giant cactus 9 ,arizona ,hot & =bidd+ z are ^! t]rible wa/es1 !y are ! dwell+ places ( sev]al tribes ( ,indians4 ,! des]t cactus furni%es !m a l>ge "p ( _! food1 & ! fibre is wov5 into clo? to provide !m ) clo?+4 ,^! ,indians h be5 acclimat$ to ! des]t = c5turies & are well v]s$ 9 all ( its moods & my/]ies4 ,!y "k ( no bett] abode2 nei!r c !y be induc$ to leave x = a m cong5ial climate & f]tile soil4 ,travell]s & prospectors h told _m /ories ab\t _! exp]i5ces 9 ^! des]ts4 ,b p]haps no /ory has possess$ a great] fasc9ation ?an t ( ! lo/ ,pegleg ,m9e4 ,! /ory ( ?is lo/ m9e has be5 told & retold ) _m v>iations = ! pa/ sev5ty ye>s1 & m ?an a score ( p]sons h lo/ _! lives 9 attempt+ to r$iscov] x4 ,9 #ahcf1 accord+ to ! traditional /ory1 a man nam$ ,smi?1 di/+ui%$ f ! re/ ( ! ,smi? family by ! possession ( a wood5 leg1 0 j\rney+ ) sev]al companions f ,yuma ov] ! ,colorado des]t4 ,on acc\nt ( 8 wood5 /ump he 0 dubb$ ,pegleg by 8 fell[-travell]s4 ,aft] hav+ be5 out sev]al days & n f9d+ any spr+s or wat] holes1 ! prospectors became greatly al>m$ & ha/5$ t[>d ?ree small buttes :i* !y saw /&+ out 9 ! des]t1 9 ! hope ( f9d+ wat] 9 ! dry wa% lead+ f _! bases4 ,on arriv+ at ! foot ( ! hills !y 7 sadly disappo9t$2 dilig5t se>* reveal$ no signs ( wat]4 ,he ( ! wood5 leg climb$ to ! top ( "o ( ! buttes to get a bett] view ( ! c\ntry1 & to ! nor?w>d saw a high m\nta92 b be=e desc5d+1 he obs]v$ "s black /ones "u 8 feet & on pick+ "o up f\nd x heavy & fill$ ) a brassy-color$ metal4 ,he !n pick$ up sev]al ( ! /ones & put !m into 8 pockets1 b be+ desir\s ( rea*+ wat] z soon z possible1 he gave little ?\ght to 8 f9d4 ,he told 8 companions ( ! m\nta9 se5 to ! nor? & advis$ all possible ha/e to rea* x1 say+ t he believ$ t !y w\ld !re f9d wat]4 ,! next day at nightfall !y succe$$ 9 rea*+ ! base ( ! m\nta9 9 an exhau/$ condition & f\nd a spr+ ( cool1 cle> wat]4 ,!y 7 ?us b>ely sav$ f a l+]+ dea? by ?ir/4 ,! m\nta9 0 nam$ ,smi? ,m\nta94 ,at ,san ,b]n>d9o1 ,smi? %[$ 8 ore to an exp]t1 :o pron\nc$ x ne>ly pure gold4 ,! real importance ( ! discov]y did n seem to dawn on ! "o-legg$ man1 h[ev]1 until ?irte5 ye>s aft]w>d2 !n1 9 #ahdi1 x 0 h]ald$ to ! _w t wond]ful discov]ies ( gold _h be5 made 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,cali=nia & t a man c\ld dig out ( ! gr\nd a =tune 9 a few days or weeks4 ,smi? became en?usia/ic & organiz$ an exp$ition 9 ,san ,francisco to seek = 8 des]t m9e :]e gold c\ld be _h = ! pick+ up4 ,! exp$ition />t$ out f ,los ,angeles4 ,"o night1 j be=e rea*+ ,smi? ,m\nta91 ! ,indians :o _h be5 tak5 along to pack ! supplies secretly decamp$ ) ! provisions1 ?us compell+ ! prospectors to return z spe$ily z possible to save _! lives4 ,smi? felt disc\rag$ & left ! company at ,san ,b]n>d9o4 ,:e!r he p]i%$ 9 aga9 try+ to f9d 8 m9e or left ! c\ntry is n kn[n4 ,at any rate1 he 0 nev] he>d ( aft]w>d4 ,9 #ahfj a man nam$ ,mc,guire deposit$ 9 "o ( ! ,san ,francisco banks sev]al ?\s& doll>s 9 gold nuggets :i* he said he obta9$ ne> ,smi? ,m\nta94 ,he organiz$ a p>ty ( six to hunt = ! ,pegleg ,m9e4 ,:at !y f\nd1 h[ev]1 w nev] be kn[n1 = !y all p]i%$1 & _! blea*$ bones 7 f\nd on ! des]t a long "t aft]w>d4 ,!y 7 n alone 9 disa/]1 h[ev]1 = v _m o!rs 9 try+ to f9d ! legacy ( ,smi? h met ! same fate4 ,b ! hidd5 weal? ( ?is great region1 s long kn[n z ! ,great ,am]ican ,des]t1 is by no means conf9$ to its /oreh\ses ( gold1 silv]1 & copp]4 ,"h1 !re1 & almo/ ev]y:]e are areas t lack b "o elem5t to make !m ! mo/ productive regions ( ! _w1 & t "o elem5t is wat]4 ,! conque/ ( ! ,colorado des]t is n ! fir/ in/ance ( des]t l& reclamation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b x is c]ta9ly "o ( ! m>vels ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,a m pron\nc$ & inhospitable des]t nev] exi/$2 &1 9 proportion to ! area reclaim$1 x is d\btful if "o c f9d great] productivity ?an ! l&s t con/itute ,imp]ial ,valley4 ,let u take a glance at nature's "w 9 ?is region4 ,long be=e ! ,mississippi 0 born ! ,colorado 0 an anci5t riv] & x =m]ly fl[$ ?r\gh a f]tile valley4 ,dur+ c\ntless ages x has /ripp$ f ! plateau & c>ri$ into ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia a deposit ( rock wa/e f ! l& surface ( its bas9 _m feet deep1 & abrad$ billions ( tons ( mat]ial f its *annel4 ,all ?is silt & detritus h s]v$ to fill up ! nor!rn "p ( ! gulf1 ! result ( ! deposit be+ an imm5se l& area4 ,at l5g? a great b> 0 =m$ across ! nor!rn "p ( ! gulf1 mak+ a sort ( inl& sea4 ,!n ! hot climate caus$ ! wat] to evaporate1 :ile f "t to "t ! ,colorado ov]fl[$ its banks1 spread+ a ri* s$im5t ov] ! =m] sea-b$4 ,v>i\s p>ts ( ?is depression1 :i*1 l ,pale/9e1 lie bel[ ! sea-level1 are kn[n z ,salton1 ,coahuilla1 & ,imp]ial ,valleys4 ,! l[e/ "p1 n[ fill$ ) wat]1 is usually call$ ! ,salton ,sea4 ,! :ole ( ?is region is compreh5d$ "u ! "n ( ,colorado ,des]t4 ,9 #aijj a company 0 =m$ to reclaim t "p ( ! des]t includ$ 9 ,imp]ial ,valley1 by tak+ wat] out ( ! ,colorado ,riv] a few miles bel[ ! b\nd>y betwe5 ,cali=nia & ,mexico4 ,a ma9 canal1 call$ ! ,imp]ial ,canal1 "o hundr$ miles long1 sev5ty feet wide1 & eight feet deep c>ries wat] f ! ,colorado to ,imp]ial ,valley1 :]e x is di/ribut$ by hundr$s ( small] canals4 ,! irrigation facilities are already suffici5t to wat] m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& acres4 ,?is region1 rightly nam$ ! hot-h\se ( ,am]ica1 produces m>vell\s crops ( hay1 gra91 & fruits2 x is an ideal place = rais+ live-/ock & p\ltry z well4 ,"s ( ?is l& already br+s into its own]s f ?ree hundr$ doll>s to sev5 hundr$ doll>s ye>ly income p] acre1 & because ( its wond]ful f]tility x is lik5$ to ! valley ( ! ,nile4 ,9 #aijd ! ,imp]ial ,canal 0 fill$ ) silt = "s di/ance1 ?us prev5t+ ! fl[ ( ! prop] am\nt ( wat] ne$$ = irrigation4 ,to rem$y ! defect a tempor>y canal 0 cut ar\nd ! head-gate4 ,?is exp$i5t _h be5 tri$ & !n ! gap _h be5 clos$ up be=e high wat]4 ,at ?is p>ticul> "t high wat] came e>li] ?an usual1 & a great flood tore out ! *annel ( ! tempor>y canal to su* an ext5t t be=e x c\ld be prev5t$ ! :ole ,colorado ,riv] 0 fl[+ ?r\gh ! brea*1 leav+ its own b$ p]fectly dry to ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia1 fill+ up ! ,salton ,valley1 bury+ up ! ,salton salt-works1 & mak+ an inl& sea su* z =m]ly exi/$ !re4 ,aft] mo/ /r5u\s ef=ts1 & at ! enorm\s exp5se ( upw>d ( a million doll>s1 ! gap 0 at l5g? repair$ & ! ,colorado made to fl[ 9 its own b$4 ,"o %\ld rememb] t 9 ! developm5t ( ^! des]ts ! prospector owes a deep debt ( gratitude to t pati5t1 fai?ful little bea/1 ! donkey1 or burro1 z x is commonly kn[n2 )\t ! s]vice ( ?is animal _m a man w\ld h suff]$ a l+]+ dea?4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is unsafe to v5ture f> out into ! des]t unaccompani$ by ?is (t-malign$ creature--ab\t ! only animal fitt$ to c>ry supplies4 ,illu/ration3 ,built by ! ,u4 ,s4 ,reclamation ,s]vice ,! ,roosevelt ,dam1 ,arizona1 %[+ s\? bridge & spillway ,b ! use ( dams & canals to cons]ve & supply wat] = irrigation prevail$ ev5 9 mo/ anci5t times4 ,ext5sive irrigation works 7 built 9 ,egypt ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 & 9 ,india1 ,*9a1 ,p]sia1 & ! c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,euphrates & ,tigris ,riv]s irrigation dates back c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! ,romans introduc$ irrigation into s\!rn ,europe4 ,:5 ,piz>ro conqu]$ ! empire ( ! ,incas he f\nd ! p possess$ ( wond]ful sy/ems = irrigation4 ,likewise1 ,cortez f\nd ! ,aztecs mak+ ext5sive canals4 ,rema9s ( great irrigation works are f\nd to-day 9 ,arizona & ,new ,mexico1 :]e our mod]n eng9e]s wisely adopt ! canal r\tes :i* 7 e/abli%$ by a race n[ ext9ct4 ,at ! pres5t "t ,india is irrigat+ tw5ty-five million acres ( l&1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?irte5 million1 ,egypt sev5 million1 & ,italy ?ree million4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates has left "o hundr$ & eighty million acres ( arid & semi-arid l& available = reclamation & f\r times z mu* t is incapable ( be+ reclaim$4 ,no o!r "q ( to-day is ( su* vital & f>-rea*+ importance z t ( ! reclamation ( ! millions ( acres ( sleep+ arid l&s 9 ! we/]n "p ( our c\ntry4 ,m9es may be exhau/$1 =e/s sla91 & cities annihilat$1 b wa/es made fruitful ?r\gh ! pot5cy ( wat] w rema9 ev]la/+ s\rces ( weal? to ! nation4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s our gov]nm5t has be5 v active 9 promot+ irrigation by build+ imp\nd+ dams & con/ruct+ canals & tunnels = ! deliv]y ( wat]4 ,9 connection ) ! v>i\s irrigation works ! gov]nm5t has already e/abli%$ five hydro-electric plants :i* furni% wat]1 motive p[]1 & light z may be requir$4 ,f ! big ,roosevelt ,dam & ! drops ( ! level 9 ! canal connect$ !re)1 tw5ty-six ?\s& horse-p[] w be develop$ incid5tal to ! reclamation ( two hundr$ ?\s& acres ( l&4 ,! miracle-work+ ag5t1 wat]1 has already reclaim$ ?irte5 million acres ( our doma91 & ^! areas n[ produce two hundr$ & sixty million doll>s annually2 moreov]1 !y furni% homes to m ?an ?ree hundr$ ?\s& p4 ,prosp]\s rural communities ) ?\s&s ( happy1 rosy-*eek$ *ildr51 bloom+ or*>ds1 broad1 f]tile fields prolific beyond comp>ison1 & fl\ri%+ cities replace wa/es ( s& & sage-bru%4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t alone has sp5t already sixty millions ( doll>s "u ! ,reclamation ,act :i* w5t into effect 9 #aijb1 & ! end is n yet1 = z ! vi/a ( human a*ievem5ts 9 ?is l9e broad5s /ill great] works w be inaugurat$ & successfully consummat$4 ,9 ,arizona1 ,cali=nia1 ,colorado1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,montana1 ,new ,mexico1 ,oregon1 ,utah1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,wyom+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t already is work+ on or has complet$ tw5ty-six important irrigation projects4 ,! mo/ wond]ful "w comb9+ ! highe/ eng9e]+ skill & d>+ is f\nd 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,colorado1 :]e f ,black ,canyon1 an almo/ inaccessible gorge ?ree ?\s& feet deep1 ! :ole ,gunnison ,riv] has be5 div]t$ to ! ,uncompahgre ,valley4 ,to take ! wat] out ( ! riv] x 0 necess>y to bore a tunnel six miles long ?r\gh a m\nta9 f ! canyon to ! valley4 ,to det]m9e ! feasibility ( div]t+ ! c\rse ( ! riv]1 x 0 fir/ necess>y to make an exploration ( ! canyon4 ,no "o be=e _h ev] _h ! h>dihood to ev5 make ! attempt1 on acc\nt ( ! extreme dang] ( a j\rney betwe5 ! n>r[ black walls ( ?is gloomy abyss4 ,9 #ahec ,capta9 ,gunnison discov]$ ! riv] :i* be>s 8 "n4 ,he trac$ its c\rse to :]e x plung$ into a *asm s deep & dang]\s t he fe>$ to foll[ x f>!r & nam$ ! gorge ,black ,canyon4 ,"s tw5ty ye>s lat] ,pr(essor ,hayd5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 look+ ov] ! br9k ( ! abyss1 decl>$ x inaccessible4 ,! ,/ate ( ,colorado1 desir+ to f9d "s way ( utiliz+ ! wat]s ( ! ,gunnison ,riv] = irrigat+ ! arid l& adjac5t1 9 #aijj call$ = volunte]s to explore ! canyon4 ,five m5 respond$4 ,provid$ ) boats1 life-l9es1 & o!r accessories1 ! m5 />t$ f ,cim>ron on _! p]il\s trip4 ,on ! ?ird day _! provisions gave out1 & lat] !y 7 oblig$ to ab&on _! boats & ne>ly ev]y?+ else except _! blankets1 :i* 7 protect$ 9 rubb] bags4 ,!y knew x 0 impossible to retrace _! /eps & t _! only salvation lay 9 go+ on4 ,at night !y roll$ !mselves up 9 _! blankets & tri$ to enc\rage "o ano!r4 ,!y travell$ f\rte5 miles betwe5 granite walls f two ?\s& to ?ree ?\s& feet high2 & = sixte5 days !y 7 almo/ )\t food4 ,!n !y came to a cleft 9 _! prison walls :i* seem$ to (f] a means ( escape4 ,at _! feet ! wat] plung$ ov] a precipice d[n to an unkn[n dep?4 ,to g on meant almo/ in/ant dea?4 ,!y 7 dy+ ( />vation4 ,%\ld !y g on8 ,!y _h n accompli%$ _! task4 ,life 0 sweet & !re 7 lov$ ones dep5d5t ^u !m = support4 ,s !y decid$ to attempt escape :ile !y _h /r5g?4 ,we>ily !y climb$ ! /eep & rugg$ pa? t l$ !m to fre$om4 ,/>t+ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 !y rea*$ ! summit1 two ?\s& five hundr$ feet above ! rag+ torr5t1 at n9e o'clock at night4 ,!y 7 ready to drop 9 _! tracks1 yet hope inspir$ !m to r5ew$ ex]tions4 ,!y /ruggl$ on fifte5 miles m ere !y /agg]$ into a f>m-h\se on ! v]ge ( collapse4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 #aija1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 becom+ int]e/$ 9 div]t+ ! wat]s ( ! ,gunnison1 s5t out "o ( its eng9e]s1 ,pr(essor ,fell[s1 to look into ! practicability ( ! project4 ,aft] look+ ov] ! field1 ! gov]nm5t eng9e] succe$$ 9 enli/+ 9 8 s]vice ,mr4 ,torr5ce1 :o 0 a memb] ( ! fir/ exp$ition4 ,!y plann$ to accompli% ! feat :i* ! =m] explor]s fail$ to accompli%1 namely1 to g entirely ?r\gh ,black ,canyon4 ,pr(it+ by ! previ\s trip1 !y provid$ = !mselves a complete equipm5t1 consi/+ ( a rubb] raft1 two long life-l9es1 rubb] bags = food & clo?+1 a cam]a1 hunt+-knives1 & belts4 ,until !y rea*$ ! wat]-falls :]e ! previ\s exp$ition _h left ! canyon1 ! ,fall ( ,sorr[1 ! fir/ "p ( _! trip possesses little ( int]e/ beyond :at _h be5 exp]i5c$ be=e4 ,b f ?is po9t on unkn[n dang]s m5ac$ !m4 ,! ro> ( ! plung+ wat] f bel[ rose upw>d ) a deaf5+ s\nd z !y gaz$ into ! see?+ curr5t4 ,! ris+ mi/s obscur$ ! tree tops on ei!r side f> bel[4 ,%\ld !y press on or retreat1 z ^? be=e !m _h done8 ,yes1 !y mu/ g =w>d :atev] ! haz>d4 ,!y clasp$ h&s1 bidd+ ea* o!r good-by4 ,torr5ce ?rew himself into ! wat] fir/ & ,fell[s foll[$4 ,a few seconds lat] bo? clamb]$ ^u a b[ld] 9 ! pool bel[4 ,! n>r[ cleft by :i* ! =m] company effect$ _! escape 0 pass$ & no alt]native b to g =w>d 0 left to !m4 ,!y enc\nt]$ _m o!r p]il\s adv5tures 9 _! ?irty-mile trip4 ,be=e !y escap$ f ! canyon _! provisions gave out4 ,dea? by />vation />$ !m 9 ! face once m4 ,weak5$ by hung] & ab\t to give up1 !y spi$ at ! base ( a cliff two m\nta9 %eep4 ,n[1 m\nta9 %eep1 :i* roam among ! rugg$ crags1 are exce$+ly difficult to cat*4 ,"o ( ! %eep d>t$ into a cleft4 ,) a quick movem5t born ( desp]ation ,torr5ce ru%$ be=e ! op5+1 b sc>cely _h he rea*$ ! spot be=e ! fright5$ %eep1 9 attempt+ to escape1 jump$ into 8 arms4 ,realiz+ t 8 life & t ( 8 companion dep5d$ ^u secur+ ! animal1 he succe$$ 9 kill+ x ) 8 knife aft] a fi]ce /ruggle4 ,! meat obta9$ sav$ _! lives & su/a9$ !m until !y rea*$ a ran* f\rte5 miles f ! place f :i* !y em]g$ f ! end ( ! canyon4 ,9 mak+ ! p]il\s j\rney !y _h swum across ! riv] sev5ty-f\r times4 ,al?\gh _! in/rum5ts & mo/ ( ! o!r articles :i* !y _h tak5 7 lo/1 yet ! valuable data1 s\ght = & record$ 9 ! eng9e]+ book1 7 safely br\ght out & conta9$ en\gh enc\rag+ in=mation to lead ! gov]nm5t to take up ! project ( div]t+ ! wat]s ( ! ,gunnison ,riv] to ! ,uncompahgre ,valley4 ,salt ,riv] ,valley1 "o ( ! mo/ f]tile sections ( ,arizona1 has be5 settl$ = _m ye>s1 b ! lack ( a suffici5t supply ( wat] = ext5d$ irrigation has caus$ a l>ge portion ( ?is ri* des]t l& to rema9 dormant4 ,to meet ! dem& = m wat] 9 ?is valley ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t has j complet$ "o ( ! greate/ wat] imp\nd+ res]voirs 9 ! _w1 ! con/ruction ( :i* call$ = ! greate/ eng9e]+ skill & co/ ne>ly n9e million doll>s4 ,salt ,riv] ent]s ! valley aft] a tumultu\s passage ?r\gh a deep & rugg$ canyon =ty miles long4 ,x d]ives its "n f ! saltness ( its wat]s1 :i* results f ! dis*>ge ( salt spr+s into ! ma9 /ream z x c\rses ?r\gh ! gorge4 ,?\gh unsuit$ = dr9k+ purposes ! wat] does n conta9 en\gh salt to make x detrim5tal = irrigation1 & ! soil1 /imulat$ by ! wat]1 produces m>vell\s crops4 ,"h ext5sive f>m+ c be c>ri$ on ) ! greate/ success4 ,six crops ( alfalfa1 av]ag+ eight tons p] acre1 are h>ve/$ ye>ly4 ,! oranges1 dates1 figs1 lemons1 grape fruit1 olives1 & pea*es gr[n ^u ^! l&s are ( sup]ior quality & flavor & yield abundantly4 ,! climate dur+ eight mon?s ( ! ye> is unsurpass$4 ,o/ri* f>m+ "h is becom+ an important indu/ry4 ,!re are at ! pres5t "t 9 ! valley ab\t eight ?\s& birds1 & ! numb] is rapidly increas+4 ,! value ( ! fea!rs pluck$ ye>ly f ea* full-gr[n bird is f ?irty doll>s to =ty doll>s4 ,indications are t 9 ! ne> future ,arizona w lead ! _w 9 o/ri* f>m+ & ! production ( o/ri* fea!rs4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is rem>kable res]voir is full ( human & natural int]e/4 ,x is locat$ 9 a l& ^: civilization 0 old :5 ,rome 0 f\nd$1 a l& ( lo/ races1 p]petual sun%9e1 =bidd+ des]ts1 & picturesque wond]s4 ,/range vegetation & sc5es t are novel are reflect$ 9 s(t1 *ang+ t9ts f pla9 & m\nta94 ,f dawn to d>k !y possess an indescribable *>m4 ,! gov]nm5t eng9e]s1 9 look+ ov] ! gr\nd1 f\nd an ideal spot = a res]voir =m$ by two valleys h$g$ 9 among ! m\nta9s at ! head ( ! canyon4 ,x 0 necess>y only to build a dam across ! n>r[ cleft :]e ! riv] ent]s ! gorge 9 ord] to imp\nd ! wat]4 ,! place be+ practically inaccessible1 mu* prelim9>y "w _h to be done be=e comm5c+ con/ruction on ! dam4 ,a road =ty miles long 0 made ?r\gh ! rugg$ m\nta9s by :i* to transport provisions1 ma*9]y1 & o!r supplies4 ,a great] "p ( ! road 0 cut out ( ! solid rock2 o!r portions 7 con/ruct$ ( masonry4 ,at places on ?is wond]ful highway1 a /one dropp$ ov] ! edge ( ! road w fall almo/ a ?\s& feet )\t /opp+4 ,! sc5]y along ! :ole r\te is bo? beautiful & awe-inspir+4 ,! "q ( supply+ cem5t = con/ruct+ ! dam 0 = a :ile a difficult "o2 ! price ask$ by ! manufactur]s 0 n9e doll>s p] b>rel deliv]$4 ,! eng9e] !n summon$ to 8 aid ! gov]nm5t geologi/s1 & !y discov]$ ne> at h& lime/one rock suitable = mak+ good cem5t4 ,b 9 ord] to conv]t ! lime/one into cem5t1 x 0 necess>y to h a mill & motive p[] to run x4 ,coal m9es 7 five hundr$ miles away & su* fuel w\ld be too co/ly4 ,! eng9e] said1 ,:y n use z a p[] electricity g5]at$ by ! riv] itself8 ,accord+ly a canal ext5d+ tw5ty miles up ! riv] 0 con/ruct$2 ) a two-hundr$-&-tw5ty-foot drop x 0 capable ( deliv]+ wat] en\gh to g5]ate f\r ?\s& two hundr$ horse-p[]4 ,a mill 0 built & an electric plant in/all$ :i* ran ! mill & ma*9e %ops besides furni%+ p[] = lay+ ! heavy /ones1 light+ ! works & t[n1 & leav+ a l>ge surplus am\nt = pump+ wat] f num]\s wells 9 ! ,salt ,riv] ,valley fifty miles away4 ,by ! economy ( self-manufactur+1 ! co/ ( ! cem5t to ! gov]nm5t 0 b two doll>s p] b>rel1 !reby mak+ a sav+ ( ne>ly half a million doll>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,%o%one ,project1 ,wyom+ ,%o%one ,canyon1 look+ up/ream t[>d ! dam4 ,dam1 #cbh4d feet high2 /orage capacity1 #def1jjj acre-feet ,to provide prop] accommodations = all ( ! employees & _! families1 a regul> t[n 0 built on ! floor ( ! res]voir1 to be subm]g$ :5 ! works %\ld be complet$ & ! flood gates clos$4 ,! t[n1 :i* 0 *ri/5$ ,roosevelt1 conta9$ a population ( upw>d ( two ?\s&1 & bore ! reputation ( be+ ! be/ behav$ 9 all ,arizona4 ,! dam1 also nam$ aft] ,colonel ,roosevelt1 !n ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 floods two valleys1 "o twelve & ! o!r fifte5 miles long & ea* f "o to ?ree miles wide4 ,! res]voir is ne>ly two hundr$ feet deep on ! av]age4 ,x is two hundr$ & eighty feet high1 & ! ?ickness ( ! dam ranges f "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five feet at ! bottom to tw5ty feet at ! top1 :]e its l5g? is "o ?\s& & eighty feet4 ,massive iron gates weigh+ sixty ?\s& p\nds gu>d ! outlet ( ! flood4 ,to d ! prelim9>y "w & con/ruct ! dam ne>ly eight ye>s 7 requir$1 & dur+ a "p ( ?is "t a ?\s& m5 7 employ$ bo? night & day1 sev]al hundr$ ( :om 7 ,apa*e ,indians4 ,?is region 0 previ\sly ! haunt ( ,*ief ,g]onimo & 8 murd]\s b& ( ,apa*es4 ,ne> by are two gr\ps ( cliff dwell+s =m]ly occupi$ by a race n[ ext9ct4 ,! capacity ( ?is imm5se res]voir exce$s t ( ! ,nile p5t up by ! ,ass\an dam1 & ! wat] w\ld be suffici5t to fill a canal two hundr$ feet wide & tw5ty feet deep1 ext5d+ entirely across ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific4 ,:5 full !re is suffici5t wat] to subm]ge ! city ( ,wa%+ton to ! dep? ( ?irty-f\r feet4 ,among ! o!r _m important irrigation works may be m5tion$ ! ,%o%one & ,rio ,gr&e ,dams4 ,! ,%o%one ,dam 9 ,wyom+ imp\nds suffici5t wat] to irrigate "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& acres 9 ! valley bel[4 ,?is dam 0 complet$ ,janu>y #aj1 #aiaj1 & is ! highe/ 9 ! _w1 its height be+ ?ree hundr$ & eighty-f\r feet4 ,twelve miles bel[ ! dam prop] a div]sion dam 0 built across ! riv] :i* turns ! /ream into a tunnel connect$ at ! o!r end ) a canal1 :i* deliv]s wat] ^u "o hundr$ ?\s& acres ( f]tile l&4 ,! ,rio ,gr&e ,dam involv+ ! con/ruction ( a /orage dam opposite ,eagle1 ,new ,mexico1 across ! ,rio ,gr&e ,riv] w irrigate "o hundr$ & eighty ?\s& acres ( l& 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,texas1 & ,mexico4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,gr& ,,canyon ,,( ,,! ,,colorado ,n[h]e else on ! face ( ! globe is "o s vividly impress$ by ! va/ness ( ! "w ( corrasion z 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ,arizona4 ,"h ! mutilat$ brea/ ( ,"m ,e>? discloses a *asm f ?ree ?\s& feet to sev5 ?\s& feet deep1 cut ?r\gh horizontal /rata ( s&/one1 %ale1 lime/one1 & granite1 *iefly by ! ag5cy ( wat]4 ,?is /up5d\s *asm is ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,x is m ?an two hundr$ miles long2 & f rim to rim its walls measure 9 places tw5ty miles across4 ,x is n a clean-cut op5 *annel f wall to wall1 b1 on ! contr>y1 x is fill$ ) ca/ellat$ peaks1 buttes1 p9nacles1 ridges1 seams1 & less] canyons4 ,d[n deep 9 its l[e/ "p1 hurry+ onw>d ) impetu\s spe$1 is ! riv] itself4 ,geologi/s tell u t ?is /ream 0 an anci5t riv] be=e ! ,mississippi 0 born & t x =m]ly wat]$ a valley z f]tile4 ,ages ago :5 ,"t 0 "y ! riv] f\nd its *annel clos$ by an ob/ruction--j h[1 or :]e1 or by :at1 no "o kn[s4 ,s x spread out into a great lake1 or1 p]haps1 into an inl& sea sev]al ?\s& feet deep4 ,! rock wa/e c>ri$ into its bas9 h>d5$ into s&/one--r$1 p9k1 & :ite ( _m %ades4 ,aft] ?is great inl& sea _h become dry ! ,colorado ,riv] 0 born--j h[1 or :51 or because ( :at1 "o c only guess4 ,b :5 x 0 born x began to undo :at its pr$ecessor _h done4 ,x cut a *annel 9 ! surface ( ! s&/one & !n began bus9ess 9 e>ne/4 ,x loos5$ little pieces ( %>p fl9t f ! s&/one & swept !m along ) su* =ce t ea* became a t9y mallet & *isel comb9$ to cut & c>ry away o!r rock4 ,& s x kept on until x _h c>v$ a passage n only to ! orig9al granite b$ rock b 9 places a ?\s& feet or m into x4 ,a few localities except$1 ! canyon does n =m a s+le ga%2 nor has x ! usual ,v-%ape ( canyons 9 regions ( pl5tiful ra9fall4 ,on ! contr>y1 its cross-section takes ! =m ( a succession ( /eps & t]races1 z ?\gh ! riv] cut ! *annels successively 9 decreas+ wid?s4 ,& because ! region ?r\gh :i* x fl[s is "o ( v slight ra9fall1 all ! l&scape outl9es are bold & %>ply angul>4 ,all told1 an area compris+ two hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles has be5 d5ud$ to ! dep? ( six hundr$ feet1 & ! mat]ial borne s\?w>d by ! ,colorado & its tribut>ies1 :ile ! l& ?r\gh :i* !y fl[ has be5 lit]ally dra9$ to dea?4 ,ev5 ! tribut>ies h =m$ deep lat]al canyons t meet ! level ( ! ma9 /ream4 ,x /agg]s ! m9d to try to grasp ! "t express$ 9 c\ntless eons s9ce ! y\? ( ?is n[ s5ile riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,colorado ,z e>ly z #aedj ,spani% explor]s made kn[n to ! _w ! fact t a deep & impassable gorge exi/$ 9 "o "p ( ! ,colorado ,riv]1 & aga9 9 #aggf a ,spani% prie/ reviv$ a k ( its exi/5ce4 ,!n1 = _m ye>s aft]w>d1 ! canyon claim$ b little att5tion because x 0 s difficult ( access1 & s little 0 kn[n ( its colossal dim5sions & ! m>vell\s c>v+s )9 its walls4 ,j above ! ,gr& ,canyon & cont9u\s ) x is ,m>ble ,canyon1 s call$ because ( ! imm5se b$s ( m>ble t =m a "p ( its walls4 ,9 bo? canyons ! lime/one sometimes takes ! =m ( m>ble1 or gypsum1 or alaba/]--cry/alliz$ =ms ( lime/one :i* take a f9e poli%4 ,?is rem>kable riv] ) its canyons 0 fir/ explor$ by ,major ,p[ell 9 #ahfi4 ,) n9e m5 & f\r boats he />t$ f a l&+ on ,gre5 ,riv] 9 ,utah1 float$ d[n ,gre5 ,riv] to its junction ) ! ,gr&1 & !nce d[n ! ,colorado bel[ ! m\? ( ! ,virg9 to ! ,gr& ,wa%4 ,!re he l&$ aft] hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! entire l5g? ( ! canyon4 ,! "t sp5t 9 ?is voyage 0 n9ety-eight days1 & ! di/ance travell$ 0 upw>d ( "o ?\s& miles4 ,f\r ( 8 m5 left him :5 ! voyage 0 b p>tly f9i%$1 be+ fright5$ by ! p]ils t beset !m4 ,!y 7 kill$ by ,indians4 ,! o!rs1 aft] _m accid5ts & hair-bread? escapes1 succe$$ 9 gett+ ?r\gh 9 safety4 ,9 addition to ! rapidity ( ! curr5t ! riv] has _m rapids & wat]-falls ) jagg$ project+ rocks :i* make boat+ extremely haz>d\s4 ,all ^! p]ils 7 conjectur$ b unkn[n to ,major ,p[ell's p>ty1 & e new b5d ( ! riv] 0 liable to disclose a cat>act m dang]\s ?an any enc\nt]$ be=e4 ,!n ! rev]b]at+ s\nd ( ! ro>+ riv] z x /ruck ! sides ( its l(ty prison walls toge!r ) ! deep gloom ( ! mighty abyss 0 calculat$ to t]rify ! brave/4 ,?us1 fac+ dea? at e turn ( ! /ream1 ! m5 7 kept con/antly 9 a t5se /ate ( excitem5t4 ,a weal? ( adjectives has be5 exp5d$ 9 attempt+ prop]ly to describe ! imm5sity ( ?is great h&iwork ( nature1 & scores ( p]sons h produc$ fasc9at+ ^w-pa9t+s ( its awe-inspir+ gr&eur4 ,lead+ back f ! riv] ! canyon walls are made up 9 "p ( %elv+ rocks & t]races4 ,^!1 ) peaks1 buttes1 & myriads ( o!r /ructures aris+ f ! great gulf1 %[ pla9ly ! diff]5t /rata ( rocks ( :i* !y are compos$4 ,_m ( ^! rocks are ri*ly color$2 ! t9ts z a rule result f ! salts ( iron & o!r m9]al matt] dissem9at$ ?r\gh !m4 ,9 "s in/ances ! color+ mat]ial ( ! upp] /rata has be5 wa%$ d[n by ! /orms & has /a9$ ! rock ( ! walls bel[4 ,?is is ! case 9 ! ,gr& ,canyon1 :]e ! lime/one wall is color$ r$ by ! iron 9 an ov]ly+ /ratum4 ,:5 ! gigantic =ms p>tly fill+ ! *asm1 yet /&+ ap>t f ea* o!r1 are se5 ne> sunrise or sunset ) _! %ift+ %ad[s1 !y leave on ! m9d remembrances t w nev] fade4 ,to appreciate prop]ly ! magnitude & height ( ^! t[]+ masses "o %\ld exam9e !m n only by travell+ along ! br9k1 b by desc5d+ to ! riv] level 9 ord] to exam9e !m f bel[4 ,!n only w ! awful gr&eur & imm5sity ( ?is monum5tal ar*itecture ( nature beg9 to dawn ^u ! und]/&+4 ,to ! geologi/ ?is *asm is an int5sely int]e/+ book :i* reveals mu* ( ! hi/ory ( ! pa/ 9 _w-build+4 ,"s ye>s ago a company 0 =m$ 9 ,new ,york to build a sc5ic railroad ?r\gh ,m>ble & ,gr& ,canyons4 ,eng9e]s 7 s5t out n only to make a c>eful survey ( ! canyons b also to make a s]ies ( photographs :i* %\ld =m a cont9u\s panoramic view ( ! propos$ r\te4 ,a l>ge sum ( money 0 sp5t 9 mak+ ! surveys2 !n ! project 0 ab&on$4 ,possibly at "s future "t ! s*eme may be reviv$ & a road be built1 us+ z its motive p[] electricity g5]at$ by ! riv] itself4 ,! ,gr& ,canyon is n[ easily rea*$ by ! ,santa ,fe ,railway sy/em4 ,f ! ma9 l9e at ,williams a bran* road ext5ds to ,el ,tov>1 ,gr& ,canyon /ation1 :i* is locat$ ne> ! edge ( ! canyon4 ,! desc5t to ! bottom ( ! canyon c be made by sev]al trails4 ,^? not$ = easy desc5t & ! be/ views are ,gr& ,view & ,r$ ,canyon ,trails f ,gr& ,view1 ,bright ,angel ,trail f ,el ,tov>1 & ,bass ,trail f ,bass ,camp4 ,ea* has its own special *>ms1 & = "o limit$ z to "t x is difficult to make a *oice4 ,! c\rse ( ! ,colorado & its tribut>y1 ,gre5 ,riv]1 pres5ts "s int]e/+ problems4 ,! latt] has cut its *annel directly across ! ,u9ta ,m\nta9s1 & ! ,colorado has saw$ its *annel to ! base level ( a s]ies ( plateaus1 sometimes call$ ! ,si]ra ,abajo4 ,& ! int]e/+ problem is--h[ 0 ! saw+ process accompli%$8 ,x ne$s only a mom5t's ?\ght to und]/& t ! riv] c\ld n fl[ aga9/ ! base ( a m\nta9 range & bore a passage ?r\gh x1 mu* less cle> out an op5 passage miles 9 wid?4 ,illu/ration3 ,gr& ,view ,trail ,look+ t[>d ,apa*e ,po9t f ,my/ic ,spr+ ,plateau4 ,! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,colorado ,major ,p[ell has %[n h[ ?is mighty "w ( m\nta9 cutt+ 0 accompli%$2 ! saw+ process 0 begun1 n at ! base ( ! range1 b at its top4 ,x is m]ely a "q ( age4 ,! ,colorado & its *ief tribut>ies are old] ?an ! m\nta9 uplifts :i* !y h sev]$4 ,moreov]1 ! level ( _! *annels is mu* ! same n[ z x 0 be=e ! m\nta9s 7 born4 ,! m\nta9 levels1 h[ev]1 h be5 *ang+ ev] s9ce _! uplift began4 ,& :5 ! rock lay]s ( :i* !y are compos$ began to be pu%$ upw>d ! uplift 0 s sl[ t ! riv]s cut d[nw>d j z rapidly4 ,9 "t ! ranges 7 pu%$ upw>d to _! pres5t height2 b :5 ! uplift 0 complet$1 9 ea* case x 0 saw$ to ! bottom by ! riv]4 ,x is 9 v mu* ! same mann] t a huge log is cut 9 twa9 z x is pu%$ aga9/ ! saw4 ,! m\nta9 range1 z x is pu%$ upw>d1 repres5ts ! log2 ! riv]1 :i* is /ation>y1 repres5ts ! saw4 ,"o might look a long way to f9d ! weal? creat$ by ?is muddy torr5t4 ,b ! weal? is !re1 ?\gh x is c]ta9ly a long way f ! canyon2 moreov]1 ! rock wa/e itself is ! weal?1 & great weal? x is4 ,! wat] ( ! riv] is v muddy4 ,dip up a bucket fill$ to ! brim & all[ x to /& = t5 or twelve h\rs4 ,!re is an in* or two ( cle> wat] at ! top1 :ile at ! bottom !re is a ?ick1 muddy pa/e ( s&1 clay1 & r$ e>?4 ,all ?is rock wa/e ! curr5t is sweep+ along to ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia4 ,e ov]fl[ along ! banks ( its l[] c\rse spreads ?is ri*1 nutriti\s rock wa/e ov] ! flood pla94 ,imp]ial ,valley is fill$ ) x2 & ?is1 toge!r ) ! flood pla9 above & bel[1 con/itutes an area ( productive l& ab\t z l>ge z ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois4 ,moreov]1 ! area is con/antly increas+1 because ( ! enorm\s am\nt ( rock wa/e :i* ! riv] daily be>s to ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia4 ,9 "t1 a long "t z ye>s are measur$1 ! gulf w be entirely fill$--& :at a valley ( prairie l& !re w be4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,yell[/one ,,p>k ,9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ,wyom+1 at ! summit ( ! cont95t1 is a tract ( l& conta9+ m ?an ?ree ?\s& squ>e miles4 ,x is a region :i* attracts ?\s&s ( sightse]s e ye>2 yet inconceivable z x may n[ seem1 ?is m>vell\s region 0 unkn[n to ! _w until #ahgj4 ,be+ difficult ( access1 because flank$ by high m\nta9s on all sides1 & possess+ no m9]al deposits ( value1 !re 0 b little inducem5t = any "o b a hunt] or a trapp] to p5etrate x4 ,john ,c\lt]1 a fronti]sman1 0 probably ! fir/ :ite man to set foot )9 its t]ritory4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,lewis & ,cl>k ,exp$ition &1 hav+ obs]v$ t !re 7 _m beav]s 9 ! headwat]s ( ! ,miss\ri ,riv]1 desir$ to try trapp+ !re4 ,hav+ obta9$ p]mission to leave ! exp$ition be=e its return to ,/4 ,l\is1 he =?) set out to hunt & trap 9 t region4 ,?is 0 9 #ahjg4 ,:ile foll[+ 8 favorite employm5t he met ) _m /range & excit+ adv5tures ) bo? ,indians & wild bea/s4 ,& dur+ 8 w&]+s he beheld sights s m>vell\s z to tax ! cr$ulity ( ev5 8 own s5ses2 among !m a glass m\nta91 geys]s s5d+ up great volumes ( wat] hundr$s ( feet high into ! air1 boil+ hot spr+s1 deep & gorge\sly pa9t$ canyons1 /up5d\s wat]-falls1 curi\sly color$ rock =mations1 & a m\nta9 lake fill$ ) ! f9e/ ( fi%4 ,s well v]s$ 0 he 9 woodcraft t he c\ld travel ?r\gh pa?less =e/s & ov] rugg$ m\nta9s z un]r+ly z by well-beat5 trails4 ,a love = wild nature & adv5ture _h become 8 rul+ passion4 ,aft] hunt+ & trapp+ = sev]al ye>s he return$ to ,/4 ,l\is4 ,"h he told 8 fri5ds ! m>vels t he _h se5 & 8 adv5tures ) ,indians & wild bea/s2 b 8 he>]s be+ d\bt+ ,?omases1 li/5$ ) incr$ulity to 8 a/oni%+ /ories4 ,he relat$ 8 exp]i5ces & :at he _h se5 to an editor ( a ,/4 ,l\is pap]1 :o1 aft] li/5+ pati5tly to ! n>rative1 in=m$ ,c\lt] t 8 wond]ful adv5tures1 glass m\nta91 & boil+ spr+s among ! sn[s 7 falsehoods & c\ld f9d no place = publication4 ,c\lt] gave int]views to _m o!r p]sons1 & /uck s p]si/5tly to 8 /atem5ts t ! region :i* he _h s m9utely describ$ 0 d]isively dubb$ ,c\lt]'s ,hell4 ,c\lt]'s exp]i5ces c]ta9ly 7 m>vell\s4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 he & a companion 7 trapp+ along ! ,madison ,=k ( ! ,miss\ri ,riv]1 !y 7 surpris$ by a company ( ,blackfeet ,indians :o kill$ 8 fri5d b sp>$ 8 life = ! "t be+4 ,aft] ! ,indians _h consult$ = "s "t 9 reg>d to :at %\ld be done ) ,c\lt]1 ! *ief ask$ him if he c\ld run fa/4 ,c\lt] repli$ t he c\ld n4 ,he 0 9 reality ! fleete/ runn] among ! we/]n hunt]s1 b he told ! ,indians t he c\ld n run fa/1 s9ce he conclud$ t !re 0 a *ance ( sav+ 8 life by runn+ %\ld he be giv5 ! opportunity4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 ,wyom+ ,look+ d[n canyon f ,gr& ,po9t ,he 0 /ripp$ nak$ & tak5 sev]al miles away to give ! ,indians "s sport be=e kill+ him4 ,!n ! *ief comm&$ 8 foll[]s to rema9 back :ile he l$ ! captive "s ?ree hundr$ y>ds 9 front ( !m4 ,at a giv5 signal he told ,c\lt] to save himself if he c\ld4 ,at once ! w> :oop res\nd$ & six hundr$ demons 7 on ! track ( ! fugitive4 ,c\lt] /ra9$ e n]ve to outdi/ance 8 murd]\s pursu]s4 ,8 great ex]tions caus$ ! blood to spirt f 8 no/rils & sme> ! front ( 8 body4 ,aft] runn+ a :ile he he>d foot/eps1 & turn+ saw an ,indian ) a spe> b a few y>ds beh9d him4 ,be+ exhau/$1 & fe>+ t at any mom5t ! spe> might be hurl$ at him1 he conclud$ to surprise ! ,indian4 ,/opp+ sudd5ly he :eel$ ab\t & pres5t$ 8 bloody body & out/ret*$ arms to ! ,indian4 ,! r$ man1 greatly a/oni%$1 9 attempt+ to /op quickly /umbl$ & fell1 break+ 8 spe>4 ,be=e ! pro/rate runn] c\ld recov] himself ,c\lt] seiz$ ! head ( ! %aft & quickly p9ion$ 8 foe to ! gr\nd4 ,!n ! flee+ hunt] ran at 8 topmo/ spe$ t[>d ! riv]1 ab\t a mile di/ant4 ,arriv+ !re a little ahead ( 8 pursu]s1 he plung$ into ! wat] & swam z fa/ z he c\ld4 ,obs]v+ a raft ( drift-wood t _h lodg$ aga9/ a small isl&1 he div$ "u ! debris1 & ?ru/+ 8 head up betwe5 ! tree-trunks ( ! het]og5e\s mass succe$$ 9 gett+ into a position :]e he c\ld brea! & yet be conceal$4 ,no soon] _h he hidd5 himself ?an ! yell+ savages appe>$ on ! riv]'s bank4 ,!y look$ 9 all directions = _! miss+ captive1 b 9 va94 ,!y ev5 w5t on ! isl& & climb$ ov] ! drift-wood1 scann+ e possible place ( concealm5t4 ,see+ no trace ( _! :ite prison] !y reluctantly return$ to ! ma9l&4 ,c\lt] rema9$ "u ! raft 9 dreadful susp5se until night1 :51 he>+ no?+ ( 8 foes1 he sil5tly slipp$ f "u ! raft & swam d[n /ream a long di/ance be=e l&+4 ,8 situation 0 n[ inde$ a desp]ate "o2 8 feet _h become fill$ ) ?orns f ! prickly pe> :ile runn+ across ! prairie2 he 0 also nak$1 hungry1 & )\t means to kill ! wild game = food2 moreov]1 ! di/ance to ! ne>e/ =t 0 at lea/ a sev5-days' j\rney4 ,b he 0 9 excell5t physical condition &1 be+ inur$ to h>d%ips & skill$ 9 trav]s+ ! pa?less wild]ness1 he at l5g? rea*$ ! =t1 hav+ subsi/$ 9 ! meantime *iefly on roots ^: nutriti\s value he _h le>n$ f ! ,indians4 ,john ,bridg]1 a fam\s hunt]1 0 famili> ) ! region n[ kn[n z ,yell[/one ,p>k z e>ly z #ahcj1 & he endeavor$ to h 8 descriptions ( x publi%$1 b he c\ld f9d no p]iodical or newspap] will+ to pr9t 8 /atem5ts4 ,9 ,bridg]'s case1 h[ev]1 !re 0 gr\nd = d\bt1 inasmu* z he _h a reputation = exagg]ation1 & ! facts t he relat$ ab\t ! wond]s ( ! ,yell[/one 7 consid]$ m]e fabrications4 ,"o ( 8 mo/ a/\nd+ /ories conc]n$ an elk4 ,he claim$ t :ile hunt+ he espi$ an elk t seem$ to be only a %ort di/ance away2 tak+ a good aim he fir$1 b ! animal 0 unmov$ by ! %ot4 ,he aga9 fir$ ) m delib]ation1 yet ) ! same result z be=e4 ,hav+ fir$ twice m ) no effect he seiz$ 8 rifle by ! b>rel & ru%$ t[>d ! antl]$ mon>*2 b all at once he ran up aga9/ :at seem$ to be a high v]tical wall4 ,on inve/igation ! wall prov$ to be a m\nta9 ( p]fectly transp>5t glass4 ,& /ill ! elk kept on graz+ quietly6 ,! /range/ ?+ ab\t ! m\nta9 he said 0 t its curv$ =m made x a p]fect telescopic l5s ( great p[]4 ,on go+ ar\nd to ! o!r side ( ! m\nta9 he caught sight ( ! elk1 :i* he judg$ mu/ h be5 at lea/ tw5ty-five miles away :5 he fir/ saw x by ! p[]ful glass-l5s m\nta96 ,9 #ahfj-fa gold 0 discov]$ 9 ,montana1 & prospectors began to ext5d _! se>* = ! preci\s metal into adjo9+ t]ritory4 ,! ,indians 7 tr\blesome2 nev]!less _m prospectors v5tur$ into ! region ( ! ,upp] ,yell[/one dur+ ! ye>s succe$+1 & report$ see+ wond]ful volcanic ag5cies at "w4 ,to settle ! _m fly+ acc\nts ab\t volcanic wond]s 9 ! ,yell[/one section1 two exp$itions head$ by prom95t citiz5s ( ,montana 7 =m$ to asc]ta9 ! tru? conc]n+ ^! /atem5ts4 ,! exp$itions set out dur+ ! consecutive ye>s #ahfi & #ahgj4 ,on _! return excell5t descriptions ( :at !y _h se5 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,montana pap]s1 & ^! acc\nts 7 copi$ by ! lead+ pap]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,! second1 or ,wa%burn-,doane1 exp$ition ( #ahgj 0 ! mo/ successful 9 its explorations1 s9ce x 0 provid$ ) a milit>y escort4 ,"o ( ! memb]s ( ?is exp$ition wrote up a s]ies ( excell5t articles :i* 7 publi%$ 9 ,scribn]'s ,magaz9e1 ?us giv+ fur!r au!nticity & wide publicity to ! discov]y4 ,9 #ahga int]e/ awak5$ by ! la/ exp$ition caus$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t to s5d out a special exp$ition ( geological & eng9e]+ m5 to collect exact data1 take photographs1 & make a survey ( ! ,yell[/one region4 ,! geological section 0 "u ! direction ( ,dr4 ,p4 ,v4 ,hayd54 ,ma9ly ?r\gh ,hayd5's influ5ce & =esight ,congress )drew ! tract n[ compris+ ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k f occupancy or sale1 & d$icat$ & set x ap>t z a public p>k or pleasure gr\nd = ! b5efit & enjoym5t ( ! p4 ,! bill 0 sign$ by ! presid5t ,m>* #a1 #ahgb4 ,9 #ahgb two ,unit$ ,/ates geological survey+ p>ties 7 s5t out & detail$ explorations 7 made dur+ ! next t5 ye>s4 ,! p>k is n[ "u ! managem5t ( a milit>y comm&] z act+ sup]9t5d5t1 aid$ by a deta*m5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates troops1 :o ma9ta9 ord]1 prev5t acts ( v&alism1 & see t ! rules & regulations ( ! p>k are obey$4 ,no "o except ! troops is all[$ to br+ fire>ms into ! p>k1 & ! wild animals1 n[ c>efully protect$ by law1 h greatly multipli$4 ,?r\gh subsequ5t acts ( ,congress two =e/ res]ves h be5 add$ to ! p>k prop]1 ! ,madison ,=e/ ,res]ve 9 #aijb & ! ,yell[/one ,=e/ ,res]ve 9 #aijc4 ,^! additions make ! total area res]v$ f settlem5t ab\t sev5te5 ?\s& six hundr$ squ>e miles4 ,! only liv+ be+s t are p]mitt$ to fell z _m trees z !y wi% are ! beav]s1 :i* use !m 9 con/ruct+ _! dams4 ,! grizzly & ! black be> fl\ri% 9 ! p>k & h become q tame4 ,9 ! neighborhood ( ! camps & hotels !y h become an intol]able nuisance because ( _! prop5sity to break into t5ts & build+s 9 se>* ( food4 ,! lordly elk n\ri%es "h & numb]s ( !m may be se5 at almo/ any "t ( day4 ,a h]d ( buffaloes is jeal\sly protect$1 & food & %elt] are provid$ = !m dur+ ! w9t] :5 necess>y4 ,^! animals are increas+ 9 numb]s4 ,_m antelope1 de]1 & m\nta9 %eep are se5 9 ! p>k4 ,! m\nta9 lion & ! coyote are two animals t ! au?orities ( ! p>k feel ju/ifi$ 9 kill+ 9 ord] to pres]ve ! o!r game1 b ! wild rugg$ness ( ! t]ritory1 :i* af=ds ^! pe/s ample opportunity to multiply unmole/$1 prev5ts _! ext9ction4 ,dur+ ! fall ( ! ye> wild geese & ducks frequ5t ! p>k 9 great numb]s2 "s ( ! latt] rema9 all w9t] long 9 places :]e ! hot spr+s keep ! wat] ( ! /reams f freez+4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,fi% ,commission has tak5 special c>e 9 /ock+ ! fi%less /reams ) tr\t1 & n[ ! ,yell[/one ,p>k furni%es ! f9e/ tr\t-fi%+ 9 ! :ole _w4 ,visitors to ! p>k are grant$ full lic5se to fi%1 b !y mu/ use only hook & l9e4 ,ab\t "o-fif? ( ! res]vation consi/s ( tracts suit$ = graz+1 b = agricultural purposes ! p>k is wor?less1 s9ce fro/s occur e mon? ( ! ye>4 ,! =e/s consi/ ( a v>iety ( trees1 b only "o k9d1 ! ,d\glas spruce1 is suitable = good lumb]4 ,! quak+ asp5 is ! only decidu\s tree t is abundant4 ,elk & de] br[se ab\t ^! trees & keep !m trimm$ at a uni=m di/ance f ! gr\nd4 ,dur+ ! long ra9less season ! di/ant hills & m\nta9s are ba!d 9 an atmosph]e ( s(t purple & blue 9 ev]-v>y+ int5sity1 :ile lat] 9 ! season ,jack ,fro/ ) 8 magic bru% pa9ts ! m\nta9-sides ) ! mo/ v>i$ & gorge\s colors1 & ! asp5 *anges to ri* autumnal t9ts4 ,at ! prop] season ,yell[/one ,p>k is a va/ g>d5 ( wild fl[]s :i* are d5se & ri* 9 colors ev5 up to ! sn[ l9e4 ,sev]al v>ieties ( ! lup9e & ! l>kspur clo! ! hillsides ) e %ade ( color1 :ile ! mode/ violet seeks seclud$ spots 9 :i* to bloom4 ,=get-me-nots1 g]aniums1 h>ebells1 primroses1 a/]s1 sunfl[]s1 anemones1 roses1 & _m o!r plants are abundant4 ,! climate puts new life & en]gy into ! visitor4 ,contr>y to ! g5]al op9ion1 ! climatic conditions 9 ! p>k are n extreme1 not)/&+ its high elevation4 ,! av]age temp]ature at ! ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s 9 ,janu>y1 ! colde/ mon?1 is #ah deg4 ,f41 & 9 ,july1 ! hotte/ mon?1 #fa deg4 ,9 ! plateau regions1 av]ag+ fifte5 hundr$ feet high]1 ! temp]ature is #h deg4 9 ,janu>y & #ea deg4 9 ,july4 ,good roads h be5 con/ruct$ ?r\gh\t ! p>k connect+ all po9ts ( int]e/1 & 9 _m in/ances ^! roads h be5 built at an enorm\s exp5se4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t has already exp5d$ upw>d ( "o million doll>s 9 road-mak+ & bridge-build+4 ,!re are n[ ov] sixty bridges & five hundr$ culv]ts to supplem5t ! five hundr$ miles ( roads )9 ! p>k prop] & ! =e/ res]ves4 ,we ent] ! p>k f ! nor? & !n proce$ to visit a few ( ! mo/ int]e/+ places4 ,our t\r embraces ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s1 ,norris ,geys] ,bas91 ,firehole ,geys] ,bas9s1 ,yell[/one ,lake1 & ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ,yell[/one ,riv]4 ,leav+ ! ,nor!rn ,pacific tra9 at ,g>d9]1 ! entrance /ation to ! p>k1 we take a coa* = ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s1 five miles di/ant1 & ride along ! foam+1 da%+ ,g>d9] ,riv] ?r\gh a canyon be>+ ! same "n4 ,portions ( ! way unfold bold1 picturesque sc5]y1 giv+ a fitt+ introduction to ! m>vels & great] sc5ic beauty t are 9 /ore = u4 ,we cross ! riv] f\r times on /eel bridges )9 "o mile4 ,j aft] cross+ ! la/ bridge we see an imm5se /ream ( hot wat] issu+ f an op5+ 9 ! rocks & dis*>g+ directly into ! ,g>d9] ,riv]4 ,?is /ream1 ! ,boil+ ,riv]1 we are told1 comes ?r\gh subt]ranean *annels f ! fam\s ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s a mile & a half away4 ,arriv+ at ! spr+s1 we f9d "h a l>ge1 well-equipp$ hotel1 :]e are also ! adm9i/ration head-qu>t]s ( ! p>k4 ,aft] re/+ a %ort "t1 we visit ! _w-r5[n$ ,hot ,spr+s4 ,! ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s rise f ! summit ( a hill ( lime/one =mation ?ree hundr$ feet high1 built by ! deposit ( m9]al matt] held 9 solution by ! hot wat] t issues f !m4 ,! t]races1 conta9+ upw>d ( two hundr$ acres1 are delicately t9t$ 9 beautiful %ades ( r$1 yell[1 orange1 br[n1 & purple4 ,^? ov] :i* ! wat] is /ill fl[+ pres5t ! mo/ attractive appe>ance1 ! colors be+ fre% & ri*2 ! o!rs h dull1 a%5 colors4 ,calc>e\s deposits are rapidly build+ up ^! t]races 9 v>i\s beautiful =ms1 ! edges ( _m be+ support$ by delicate columns1 "s ( :i* resemble organ pipes4 ,diff]5t names are giv5 to ! t]races accord+ to =m or fancy1 z ,pulpit ,t]race1 ,jupit] ,t]race1 ,n>r[ ,gauge ,t]race1 ,m9]va ,t]race1 etc4 ,! ov]hang+ b[ls built up by ^! deposits are exquisite specim5s ( ,nature's "w & are fill$ ) wat] ( wond]ful transp>5cy2 :ile ! v>iety ( =ms ( ^! receptacles & _! *>m+ colors fasc9ate ! behold]4 ,scatt]$ ov] ! =mation 9 all directions are numb]less curiosities1 su* z ! ,devil's ,kit*51 ,cupid's ,cave1 & ! ,/ygian ,cave4 ,9 _m ( ^! caves !re is an accumulation ( c>bonic-acid gas suffici5t to de/roy animal life4 ,?is is especially true ( ! latt] cave4 ,we n[ j\rney by coa* to ,norris ,geys] ,bas94 ,on ! r\te we pass by ,obsidian ,cliff1 sometimes call$ ,obsidian ,m\nta91 :i* is an imm5se mass ( black volcanic glass4 ,?is m9]al 0 us$ by ! ,indians = mak+ arr[-heads & spe>-heads4 ,9 con/ruct+ a road ar\nd ! base ( ! cliff1 great difficulty 0 enc\nt]$ on acc\nt ( ! h>dness ( ! obsidian4 ,! sup]9t5d5t 9 *>ge ( ! "w hit ^u a happy device by :i* to qu>ry x4 ,log fires 7 built along ! base1 & :5 ! volcanic glass 0 hot cold wat] 0 ?r[n ^u x4 ,?is me?od crack$ ! mat]ial into fragm5ts :i* 7 easily remov$4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 ,wyom+ ,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s4 ,summit ,pools ,opposite ! base ( ,obsidian ,cliff is ,beav] ,lake1 ! home ( num]\s beav]s & a great resort = wat]f[l dur+ a "p ( ! ye>4 ,aft] pass+ ,obsidian ,cliff1 hot spr+s become m num]\s until we rea* ,norris ,geys] ,bas94 ,9 ?is locality ! odor ( sulphur is /rong & unpleasant4 ,a little f>!r on a l\d ro> />tles u1 & a few mom5ts lat] we see ! cause ( ! explosion2 x is a p[]ful /eam jet issu+ f ! summit ( ,ro>+ ,m\nta94 ,:5 ,dame ,nature turns on /eam !re is no nons5se ab\t x4 ,norris ,bas9 seems to be ( m rec5t volcanic developm5t1 s9ce "s ( ! /eam v5ts 9 o!r bas9s h ceas$ action dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s2 moreov]1 sev]al new ones h op5$1 "o ( :i* rivals ,ro>+ ,m\nta94 ,con/ant & ,m9ute-,man ,geys]s1 ?\gh small1 are frequ5t & vigor\s 9 action4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ?is section ! road-b$ is hot = "s di/ance1 %[+ t ! subt]ranean rocks :i* heat ! wat] _c be v deep d[n 9 ! e>?4 ,9 go+ to ! ,firehole ,bas9s we foll[ ,gibbon ,riv] to )9 f\r miles ( its m\?1 !n1 cross+ a po9t ( l& to ! ,firehole1 we asc5d ! "r bank ( ! /ream to ,l[] ,bas94 ,on ! road we pass _m spr+s2 ! mo/ conspicu\s ( :i*1 ,b]yl ,spr+1 lies close to ! road4 ,x dis*>ges a l>ge volume ( boil+ wat] & ! ris+ /eam frequ5tly obscures ! road4 ,9 "o locality outside ! beat5 track ( t\ri/s !re is a v]itable ,hades on e>?4 ,"h1 z we walk ov] gr\nd t is v hot1 we are ne>ly suffocat$ by ! fumes ( sulphur4 ,all ar\nd u are hundr$s ( see?+1 boil+ vats ( wat]1 & ! :ole area is crack$ & fill$ ) holes f :i* noxi\s vapors rise4 ,soon aft] we leave ?is inf]nal region we he> a con/ant ro> l t com+ f a l>ge /eam] ab\t to leave its moor+s4 ,we foll[ 9 ! direction f :i* ! s\nd proce$s & at l5g? discov] ! cause4 ,on approa*+ ! s\rce ( ! s\nd we see a l>ge volume ( /eam ru%+ ) imm5se velocity f an op5+ 9 ! gr\nd1 :ile ! rock ar\nd ! orifice is black z jet4 ,! guide tells u t ?is huge /eam v5t is call$ ! ,black ,gr[l]1 & t x cont9ues vigor\sly active summ] & w9t]1 ye> 9 & ye> out4 ,its ro> c be he>d f\r miles away4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 ,wyom+ ,beehive ,geys] ,! *ief wond] ( ,l[] ,firehole ,bas9 is ! ,great ,f\nta9 ,geys]4 ,its =mation is unique4 ,at fir/ sight "o is l$ to believe t ! broad circul> /ructure :i* he sees is artificial4 ,on close inspection num]\s pools1 m\ld$ & nicely ornam5t$1 are se5 sunk 9 ?is /one table1 :ile 9 ! c5tre !re is a l>ge & deep pool fill$ ) hot wat]1 b look+ l a beautiful spr+4 ,at ! "t ( eruption ?is c5tral pool ( wat] is %ot up to ! height ( "o hundr$ feet or m4 ,ne> ! ,great ,f\nta9 ,geys] is a small valley 9 ! upp] "p ( :i* is a l>ge hot spr+ call$ ! ,firehole4 ,:5 ?is spr+ is visit$ on a w9dless day1 a light-color$ flame seems to be con/antly issu+ f ! bottom1 flick]+ back & =? l a tor*1 & ! visitor feels sure he is gaz+ at ! hidd5 fires b5ea? t heat ! wat]4 ,x is ! illusion caus$ by sup]heat$ /eam escap+ ?r\gh a fissure 9 ! rock & divid+ ! wat]4 ,! reflection f ! surface ?us =m$ & a black backgr\nd =m$ by ! sides & bottom ( ! pool acc\nt = ! ph5om5on4 ,surprise ,pool is f\nd ne> ! ,great ,f\nta92 x w make good its "n %\ld y ?r[ into x a h&ful ( dirt4 ,excelsior ,geys]1 n f> away1 is really a w9t] volcano1 its crat] be+ a see?+ caldron ne> ! ,firehole ,riv]1 into :i* x s5ds six million gallons ( wat] ea* day1 ev5 :5 n 9 eruption4 ,at times x s5ds up a column ( wat]1 fifty feet 9 diamet]1 to ! height ( two hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,! eruptions take place at long int]vals--sev5 to t5 ye>s4 ,on acc\nt ( ! great dep? & ext5t ( ?is geys] x has sometimes be5 d5om9at$ ,hell's ,half-,acre4 ,foll[+ along ,firehole ,riv] we pass into ! ,upp] ,bas91 a section ! mo/ popul> ) ! majority ( t\ri/s4 ,among ! geys]s 9 ?is bas9 we %all f9d ,grotto1 ,ca/le1 ,giant1 ,giantess1 ,bee ,hive1 ,spl5did1 ,gr&1 & ,old ,fai?ful4 ,ea* ( !m has an int]e/ peculi>ly its own1 b ,old ,fai?ful is always true to its "n & is p]haps be/ appreciat$ by visitors4 ,! op5+ ?r\gh :i* ,old ,fai?ful disgorges its wat] is at ! summit ( a m\nd built up by its own ex]tions4 ,! wr9kles on its face tell ( long-cont9u$ s]vice4 ,e sev5ty m9utes ?is fai?ful work] s5ds up a column ( wat] to ! height ( "o hundr$ & eighty feet1 & at ea* eruption m ?an "o million gallons ( wat] are ?r[n out4 ,we n[ pass ?r\gh a section not$ = its wild & picturesque sc5]y & consid]$ ! pleasante/ on ! trip4 ,9 leav+ ! ,upp] ,bas9 we foll[ along ,firehole ,riv] to ! m\? ( ,spr+ ,creek1 !n along ?is creek to ! ,cont95tal ,divide4 ,f !re1 travell+ a few miles along ! ,pacific slope1 we cross ! ,divide & desc5d ! m\nta9s into ! valley ( ! ,yell[/one4 ,ne> ! c5tral "p ( ! p>k1 encircl$ by a =e/ & elevat$ ne>ly eight ?\s& feet above ! sea-level1 lies a rem>kable body ( wat] suppli$ by ice-cold /reams =m$ by ! melt+ sn[ on ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s4 ,?is body ( wat]1 ( :i* ! ,yell[/one ,riv] is ! outlet1 is ! fam\s ,yell[/one ,lake1 ?irty miles long & tw5ty miles wide2 x is fill$ ) tr\t4 ,"h ! fi%]man c cat* hundr$s ( tr\t 9 a %ort "t1 b un=tunately mo/ ( !m are afflict$ ) a p>asitic disease1 r5d]+ !m unfit = food4 ,rese>*es h be5 made seek+ ! cause ( ! disease 9 ord]1 if possible1 to apply a rem$y1 b s f> to no purpose4 ,x is conjectur$ t ! sup]abundance ( fi% toge!r ) a de>? ( suitable food l[]s _! vitality1 ?us r5d]+ !m liable to disease4 ,yell[/one /&s next to ,lake ,titicaca z ! highe/ l>ge body ( wat] 9 ! _w4 ,! sunrise & sunset effects on ! lake are mo/ beautiful4 ,a /eam] plies on ! lake c>ry+ mail & pass5g]s4 ,! bird life on ?is body ( wat] & its %ores is repres5t$ by swans1 geese1 ducks1 cranes1 pelicans1 curlews1 h]ons1 plov]s1 & snipe4 ,= beauty & gr&eur ! l[] falls & canyon ( ! ,yell[/one ,riv] are unsurpass$4 ,a body ( wat] sev5ty feet wide ru%es =w>d ) impetu\s spe$ & joy\sly takes a leap ( m ?an ?ree hundr$ feet to ! rocks bel[1 :]e1 break+ into millions ( p>ticles1 x =ms a great cl\d ( spray4 ,! wat] !n da%es on ) r5ew$ vitality betwe5 ! walls ( a canyon f\rte5 hundr$ feet deep1 & mo/ gorge\sly pa9t$ by nature 9 su* a v>iety & lavi%ness ( t9ts t !y defy ! mo/ skilful arti/ to reproduce !m4 ,z "o gazes f ! edge ( ! *asm into & along ! dep?s bel[1 he attempts 9 va9 to measure ! fulness & beauty ( ?is h&iwork ( nature4 ,he is too amaz$ = utt]ance & rema9s spellb\nd1 commun+ only ) himself & nature reg>d+ ! unfa?omable significance ( su* m>vels4 ,:5 ! fam\s pa9t]1 ,?omas ,moran1 desir$ to reproduce 9 colors on canvas ?is ma/]piece ( nature1 he ga!r$ 8 inspiration f ,arti/ ,po9t1 & aft] he _h f9i%$ ! celebrat$ pa9t+ :i* n[ adorns ! ,capitol at ,wa%+ton1 he ackn[l$g$ t ! beautiful t9ts ( ! canyon 7 beyond ! rea* ( human art4 ,! ,gr& ,canyon ( ! ,yell[/one has no equal on ! face ( ! globe4 ,) a bread? equal to its dep?1 ?is ri*ly decorat$ canyon /&s out unique among ! _w's wond]s4 ,its beautiful panorama ( /a9$ walls1 d[n :i* trickle /reams ( wat] :i* bright5 ! t9ts 9 "s places & s(t5 !m 9 o!rs1 ext5ds = a di/ance ( ?ree miles4 ,! entire canyon is fifte5 miles 9 l5g?4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ place to visit1 b outside ! it9]>y ( mo/ t\ri/s1 is ! ,fossil1 or ,petrifi$1 ,=e/4 ,?is section1 especially attractive to ! sci5ti/1 lies 9 ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! p>k j nor? ( ,ame?y/ ,m\nta94 ,to "o :o c read ,nature's books1 a wondr\s volume is op51 disclos+ 9 its /rata ! hidd5 secrets ( _m by-gone geological ages4 ,"h on ! nor? flank ( ! m\nta9 are two ?\s& feet ( /ratifications4 ,on ! l$ges1 ti] above ti] & /ory above /ory1 are se5 ! opal & agate /umps & trunks ( tw5ty anci5t =e/s1 "s ( ! trunks be+ t5 feet 9 diamet]4 ,:at wond]ful /ories d !y tell ( life & dea?1 ( flood & volcanic fire1 rang+ ?r\gh ! eons ( ! pa/6 ,s p]fect are ^! petrifactions t ! annual r+s c be easily c\nt$ & ev5 ! gra9 ( ! wood is pla9ly visible4 ,z "o trav]ses ?is wond]l& he is impress$ by ! evid5ce ( ! /up5d\s =ces t lie sm\ld]+ b5ea? ! cru/ ( ! e>?4 ,x is n improbable t at "s future "t1 by ! fur!r wr9kl+ or s9k+ ( ! surface ( ?is "p ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 ! slumb]+ volcanic fires may be awak5$ to new life & activity4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,two ,,prehi/oric ,,cemet]ies--,,giant ,,reptiles ,,& ,,giant ,,trees ,al?\gh reptiles appe>$ fir/ 9 ! p]iod kn[n z ! ,c>bonif]\s ,age1 or age ( plant life1 !y did n atta9 _! greate/ developm5t until ,jurassic & ,cretace\s times1 :5 _m 7 ( prodigi\s size & rul$ ! _w4 ,! gigantic i*?yosaurs1 mesosaurs1 & d9osaurs held dom9ion ov] ! sea & l&1 & ! mon/] fly+ reptile1 ! pt]odactyl1 ov] ! air4 ,ages ago a great inl& sea embrac+ ,wyom+ & ! surr\nd+ region occupi$ ! area ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,= _m ye>s /ud5ts ( geology _h f\nd ?is section a f]tile field = ! /udy ( rock =mations & ! collection ( fossils2 b n until #ahih 0 ! geological wond]l& ( c5tral-s\? ,wyom+ discov]$4 ,?is discov]y prov$ to be a gravey>d ( prehi/oric mon/]s dat+ back probably sev]al millions ( ye>s ago4 ,entomb$ 9 ! rocks ( ! ,jurassic & ,cretace\s p]iods1 _m liz>d-l animals ( gigantic size call$ saurians 7 f\nd4 ,sev]al fossil skeletons ( ^! animals h be5 *isell$ out ( ! solid rocks & m\nt$ 9 museums1 ! "w entail+ a va/ am\nt ( labor & exp5se4 ,! discov]y 0 made by ,mr4 ,walt] ,grang]1 :o _h be5 s5t out by ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ( ,new ,york1 to hunt = fossils4 ,9 ! des]t section ne> ,m$ic9e ,b[ ,riv]1 ,wyom+1 he f\nd :at seem$ to be a numb] ( d>k-br[n b[ld]s4 ,on a critical exam9ation !y prov$ to be pond]\s fossils t _h be5 wa%$ out ( a great b$ ( reptilian rema9s4 ,! fossil gravey>d 9 "q 0 f\nd to be two hundr$ & sev5ty-five feet 9 ?ickness4 ,ne> by 0 a ,mexican %eep-h]d]'s cab91 ! f\ndations ( :i* 7 con/ruct$ ( huge fossils4 ,! vic9ity 0 *ri/5$ ,bone ,cab9 ,qu>ry4 ,t5 miles s\? ( ! ,bone ,cab9 ,qu>ry1 9 ! ,como ,bluffs1 ano!r b$ conta9+ ! rema9s ( huge d9osaurs 0 discov]$4 ,f ^! rem>kable cemet]ies _m fossils h be5 obta9$4 ,! t]m saurian means liz>d1 & x has _m prefixes to indicate ! diff]5t g5]a & species4 ,! prefixes g5]ally express to a c]ta9 ext5t ! *>act]i/ic appe>ance or habits ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( saurians4 ,"s 7 fle%-eat]s2 o!rs 7 h]bivor\s4 ,"s liv$ on l&2 o!rs1 9 ! %all[ wat]s & lagoons1 f$ on succul5t aquatic plants2 /ill o!rs frequ5t$ ! deep] wat]s & liv$ on fi%4 ,illu/ration3 ,prop]ty ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory ,! ,brontosaurus 7h]bivor\s d9osaur7 ,! "n d9osaur1 mean+ t]rible liz>d1 repres5ts an ord] ( fossil reptiles4 ,!y are alli$ to ! crocodile1 b1 l ! kang>oo1 _! h9d legs 7 mu* long] ?an _! front ones4 ,! neck & tail 7 v long & ! body %ort b ( imm5se size4 ,^! mon/]s 7 f tw5ty to eighty feet 9 l5g? & weigh$ f ?irty to "o hundr$ tons4 ,! long1 sl5d] neck support$ a small head t conta9$ a correspond+ly small bra91 f :i* x is ?\ght t ! creature possess$ a l[ ord] ( intellig5ce4 ,! tail 0 mu* ?ick] ?an ! neck & 9 "s species 0 flatt5$4 ,:5 ris+ on its h9d legs & re/+ on its tail x c\ld look into ! w9d[ ( a f\r-/ory build+4 ,"s ( ^! /range animals _h bills l ^? ( a duck2 "s possess$ tee? = gr9d+ & o!rs %>p tee? = te>+4 ,^! 7 by f> ! l>ge/ l& animals t ev] liv$4 ,! diff]5t species (t5 wag$ titanic battles ) "o ano!r = ! supremacy ( ! e>?4 ,x is conjectur$ t _! disappe>ance 0 due to viol5t upheavals ( ! e>?1 to ! dra9+ ( ! wat]1 to *anges ( climate1 & to deprivation ( suitable food4 ,! m\nt$ brontosaur 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york1 w enable "o bett] to appreciate ! size ( ^! giants ( ! anci5t _w4 ,?is typical specim51 ?\gh n ! l>ge/ f\nd1 is sixty-sev5 feet long & /&s fifte5 & "o-half feet high4 ,its neck measures ?irty feet 9 l5g? & its tail eighte54 ,! body weigh$ ab\t n9ety tons4 ,?is huge fossil1 enclos$ 9 its /one matrix1 0 s5t f ! qu>ry to ! museum4 ,aft] x _h be5 receiv$ two m5 7 employ$ con/antly = ne>ly two & "o-half ye>s 9 remov+ ! matrix1 repair+1 & m\nt+ ! fossil4 ,let u turn n[ to ! bury+ gr\nd ( a giant =e/4 ,long1 long ye>s ago1 be=e man appe>$ on ! e>?1 an inl& sea occupi$ :at is n[ ! nor!a/]n "p ( ,arizona4 ,x 0 a sea bord]$ ) s&/one & surr\nd$ by conif]\s =e/s1 :]e /ately trees nodd$ 9 ! breezes4 ,at l5g? !re came a great *ange4 ,! rim ( ! bas9 gave way1 & ! great volume ( wat]1 fre$ f re/ra9t1 ov]:elm$ ! =e/ ) e>?y mat]ial1 pro/rat+ & bury+ x deep b5ea? ! flood ( s&4 ,9 "t ! woody /ructure disappe>$1 & 0 replac$ by beautifully /a9$ opal & agate4 ,aga91 9 ! lapse ( "t ! old =e/ b$ 0 once m lift$ above its =m] level1 =m+ a mesa1 or plateau1 ( consid]able ext5t4 ,dur+ subsequ5t ages1 ! elem5ts sc>r$ & furr[$ ! plateau1 =m+ canyons1 gul*es1 valleys1 & buttes1 ?us reveal+ 9 "p ?is anci5t =e/4 ,c\ld ^! dead trees b talk1 h[ int]e/+ w\ld be _! /ory6 ,we c read _! hi/ory b imp]fectly by exam9+ ! mutilat$ brea/ ( ,"m ,e>?1 9 & on :i* lie ^! mute /one trees1 dead yet made m beautiful ?r\gh _! trans=mation4 ,illu/ration3 ,prop]ty ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory ,! ,allosaurus 7c>nivor\s d9osaur7 ,?is region is call$ ! ,petrifi$ ,=e/1 or ,*alc$ony ,p>k4 ,x is ab\t "o hundr$ squ>e miles 9 ext5t1 & is visit$ annually by ?\s&s ( p f all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,on acc\nt ( its /range geological "* x is ( special int]e/ to ! sci5ti/4 ,let u make a brief trip to ?is wond]ful /one =e/4 ,we take light h&-baggage & bo>d a ,santa ,fe tra94 ,! railway passes ne> ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! =e/1 & we *ange c>s be=e ent]+ ,arizona 9 ord] to take ?is l9e4 ,! railway (ficials h made a /ation at ,adamana1 six miles f ! edge ( ! =e/1 9 ord] to accommodate ! travell+ public4 ,we leave ! tra9 "h & procure a team to c>ry u to ! =e/4 ,unless in=m$ ( :at is to be se5 "o is apt to be greatly disappo9t$4 ,"o's idea ( a =e/ is usually t ( a timb]-cov]$ area 9 :i* ! trees /& erect1 ) outspread+ bran*es2 b we look 9 va9 = a /&+ tree1 or ev5 a /ump t is erect4 ,all are bran*less trunks1 pro/rate on ! gr\nd1 _m :olly or p>tly buri$2 moreov]1 !y are ly+ 9 all sorts ( positions1 "s entire & o!rs brok5 into sections2 "s are mass$ closely toge!r2 o!rs lie ap>t2 & millions ( pieces ( all sizes are scatt]$ ar\nd4 ,at places we c travel a long di/ance by /epp+ f "o log to ano!r4 ,b :at is t pile ( v>iegat$ disk-l objects look+ l ! primitive ,mexican ox-c>t :eels8 ,!y are cross-sections ( /one logs1 "s l>ge & "s small1 seem+ly ?r[n toge!r c>elessly4 ,x is a *>act]i/ic ( petrifi$ trunks to break into cross-sections or blocks1 v>y+ f a few in*es to sev]al feet 9 l5g?2 & ?is t5d5cy prevails "h4 ,we are told t ! trees ( ?is =e/ ant$ate ^? ( ! ,yell[/one ,p>k by a long p]iod ( "t4 ,h[ ! l(tie/ flights ( ! imag9ation are piqu$ z we contemplate ! m>vell\s *anges s9ce ?is primeval =e/ dep5d$ on ! soil & sun = _! life-giv+ elem5ts6 ,z we w&] ?r\gh ?is wond]ful =e/ our feet seem to be tread+ on ! r>e/ gems4 ,& well may x seem s1 because :5 poli%$ ^! pieces display a beauty ( color+ & a lu/re t rivals ! gl9t ( preci\s /ones4 ,!re is no o!r petrifi$ =e/ 9 ! _w 9 :i* ! m9]aliz$ wood assumes s _m v>i$ & int]e/+ =ms & colors4 ,_m ye>s ago a firm at ,si\x ,falls und]took to manufacture table tops1 mantels1 p$e/als1 & v>i\s decorative articles out ( sections ( ?is agatiz$ wood by cutt+ !m into ! desir$ =ms & poli%+ !m4 ,tiffany & ,company1 ! fam\s jewell]s1 also us$ ?is mat]ial = ! base ( ! beautiful silv] te/imonial pres5t$ to ! ,fr5* sculptor1 ,b>?oldi4 ,at a lat] date1 an abrasive company ( ,d5v] conceiv$ ! plan ( gr9d+ up ^! trunks to make em]y because ( _! extreme h>dness2 9 fact1 a plant 0 %ipp$ to ,adamana /ation = t purpose4 ,=tunately = ! public1 h[ev]1 x 0 n put into op]ation because ! company le>n$ t a ,canadian firm _h put on ! m>ket an article at su* a r$uc$ price t to gr9d up ^! beautiful logs w\ld be unpr(itable4 ,fragm5ts1 bran*es1 & trunks ( all sorts & sizes are f\nd ly+ ar\nd1 _m ( !m ri*ly color$1 =m+ *alc$ony1 opal1 & agate2 "s approa* ! condition ( jasp] & onyx4 ,be=e ! ,petrifi$ ,=e/ 0 set aside z a national p>k by ,congress1 _m acts ( v&alism 7 committ$1 to say no?+ ab\t ! quantities ( m9]al c>ri$ away by manufactur+ firms & curiosity-hunt]s4 ,keep]s n[ h *>ge ( ! p>k1 & no "o is p]mitt$ to take away specim5s = comm]cial use4 ,previ\sly _m ( ! f9e/ logs 7 de/roy$ by bla/+ 9 ord] to procure ! beautiful cry/als :i* are f\nd 9 ! c5tre ( _m ( !m4 ,"o object ( special int]e/ 9 ! p>k is ! ,national ,bridge1 a petrifi$ trunk :i* spans a *asm ?irty feet wide & tw5ty feet deep4 ,! "p ( ! trunk cross+ ! gul* lies diagonally & is =ty-f\r feet long4 ,! l5g? ( ! trunk expos$ by erosion is "o hundr$ & elev5 feet2 a fraction /ill rema9s emb$d$ 9 ! s&/one4 ,! ru9s ( sev]al anci5t ,indian pueblos are scatt]$ ab\t ! p>k1 ne>ly all ( !m built ( logs ( ?is ri*ly color$1 agatiz$ wood4 ,! =e/ 0 a /oreh\se = ages1 :5ce primitive m5 obta9$ mat]ial f :i* to make agate hamm]s1 arr[-heads1 & knives1 z is %[n by implem5ts f\nd hundr$s ( miles di/ant f ^! qu>ries4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,dea? ,,valley ,dea? ,valley1 or ! ,arroyo del ,mu]te1 z ! ,spani% call$ x1 is 9 ! we/]n "p ( s\!rn ,cali=nia1 ne> ! oblique b\nd>y ( ,nevada1 a little way nor? ( ,nevada's vani%+ po9t4 ,n[adays "o may ride almo/ into ! valley 9 a ,pullman coa*4 ,f ,daggett1 a =sak5 /ation ( ! ,santa ,fe ,railroad1 a j]kwat] road1 z x is call$1 ext5ds nor?w>d to ,goldfield & ,tonopah1 & ?is road takes "o almo/ z ! cr[ flies to ! edge ( ! valley ( ! om9\s "n4 ,ev5 9 a ,pullman coa* ! trip is try+ to bo? body & s\l4 ,b =ty ye>s ago8--well1 t is a diff]5t /ory4 ,!n !re 0 no ,santa ,fe ,railway1 & no ,daggett--j a wide /ret* ( des]t dott$ ) yucca & ,spani% bayonet4 ,prospectors & pack-tra9s _h left trails "h & !re4 ,"o ( ^!1 n[ a wagon-road1 lay s\?w>d to ,san ,b]n>d9o2 nor?w>d x lo/ itself 9 ! des]t t[>d ,c&el>ia4 ,! region possesses "s names t are a trifle p>adoxical4 ,= in/ances1 !re are ! ,black ,m\nta9s1 ! grayi% r$ color ( :i* belies _! "n4 ,!n !re is ,fun]al ,range1 :i*1 f> f be+ sombre 9 aspect1 is mo/ brilliantly color$4 ,to ! s\?w>d is ,p>adise ,valley1 a pla9 des]t /rewn ) greasewood & *amiso2 & d[n 9 ! floor ( ,dea? ,valley is1 or r 01 ,gre5l&4 ,b ,gre5l& is n a wa/e ( iceb\nd coldness2 on ! contr>y1 x is av]r$ by ! labor]s 9 ! borax fields to be sev]al degrees hott] ?an any o!r place on e>?4 ,! surplus wat] ( ! spr+ is employ$ to produce v]dure !re1 & x is app>5tly equal to ! task1 = ! =ty or m acres s irrigat$ produce wond]ful crops2 h5ce x is ,gre5l&4 ,ev5 tw5ty ye>s ago ! trip to ,dea? ,valley 0 a try+ "o to ! exp]i5c$ des]t travell] 9 summ]2 to ! t5d]foot )\t a guide x 0 almo/ c]ta9 dea?4 ,! be/ equipm5t = ! trip 0 a pair ( mules1 or else cayuse ponies1 & a light buckbo>d ) broad tires--tires s wide t !y w\ld n s9k 9 ! loose1 w9d-bl[n rock wa/e4 ,! equipm5t might possibly be f\nd 9 ,daggett2 m likely x mu/ be pur*as$ 9 ,san ,b]n>d9o4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,daggett 0 ! real />t+ po9t1 & ! fir/ trick 9 ! j\rney 0 ! cross+ ( ,mohave ,riv]4 ,! riv] 0 pretty sure to be deep--n ) wat] b ) s&4 ,:oev] saw wat] 9 ! *annel1 or wa%1 ( ! ,mohave8 ,p]haps ! olde/ settl] may h se5 x2 at any rate he w s claim1 = ! olde/ settl] is always boa/ful2 inde$1 fairy-/ory tell+ is 8 inh]5t1 b\nd5 "r4 ,to make good 8 ass]tion he po9ts to ! bridge1 & c]ta9ly ! bridge is !re2 b z = ! riv]1 x may be on h& "o day--p]haps an h\r or s--9 t51 tw5ty1 or ?irty ye>s6 ,beyond ! riv] a wide expanse ( des]t is be=e u1 & !n a beautiful lake comes into view4 ,real wat]1 is x8--no2 j ! des]t mirage1 b x seems real en\gh to qu5* a g5u9e ?ir/4 ,b ! illusion is less5$ by ! surr\nd+s1 = we are approa*+ a dry s9k--an old lake-b$ t 0 fill$ ) bracki% wat] once :5 a cl\d-bur/ t occurr$ 9 ,calico ,m\nta9s _h its busy day4 ,back ( u are ,calico ,m\nta9s1 a picturesque clump ( buttes1 & ! glimpse ( !m we get f ! nor? expla9s :y !y 7 s nam$4 ,& su* colors6 ,_! brilliant hues *ange l kaleidoscopic patt]ns ) ! sun's motion4 ,on our "r a trail div]ges to ,coyote ,holes1 made grewsome by "o ( _m trag$ies t h occurr$ 9 ! region4 ,?is "t x 0 a hold-up4 ,a des]t waif out ( luck & ready ca% waylaid ! payma/] ( ,calico m9es & reliev$ him ( ! money int5d$ = ! m9]s4 ,! robb] 0 soon trail$ & he quickly discov]$ t 8 only safety lay 9 hid+4 ,b :]e c\ld he hide 9 t desolate flat8 ,at ,coyote ,holes !re is a spr+ & a small m>%4 ,! robb] buri$ himself 9 ! mud till all b 8 face 0 cov]$ & lay !re :ile ! posse se>*$4 ,b ! ke5 vision ( an ,indian sc\t did n fail4 ,:5 ! robb] saw t he 0 surr\nd$1 he put up a brave fight & w5t d[n1 riddl$ ) rifle-balls4 ,! money 0 recov]$4 ,a little f>!r on is ,g>lic ,spr+s4 ,x is a common camp+-place & l o!r camps is pl5tifully /rewn ) ! evid5ce ( ! prospector's outfit--hundr$s & hundr$s ( empty t9 cans4 ,9 "t we camp at ,cave ,spr+s 9 a little cove ( ! ,avawatz ,buttes4 ,once !re came along a man :o all said 0 half-witt$4 ,p]haps he 01 b 8 intellig5ce 0 ke5 en\gh to prompt him to claim ! spr+s4 ,by sell+ ! wat] = qu5*+ ?ir/ at ! rate ( f\r bits a head = /ock & two bits apiece = m51 8 spr+ prov$ ! be/ gold m9e 9 ! di/rict4 ,!re is no wat] ahead until we rea* ,s>atoga ,spr+s1 a doz5 miles beyond1 & x is well t we take a small supply along1 z ! wat] !re is unfit = ei!r man or bea/4 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 ,s>atoga ,spr+s1 ,new ,york1 & ! spr+s be>+ ?is high-s\nd+ "n 9 ! ,am>gosa s9k4 ,illu/ration3 ,tw5ty-mule borax team ,boil+ ,spr+s are a night's ride--p]haps tw5ty miles--beyond4 ,we give our team ?ree h\rs ( re/ & />t !re=1 /opp+ 9 ! mean "t = a midnight fe$1 :]e mo/ unexpect$ly we f9d "s excell5t graz+ = our horses4 ,by daylight we are at ! ,spr+s & 9 a locality mu* l ! ,bad ,l&s ( ,s\? ,dakota4 ,b ! boil+ indu/ry app>5tly is tak+ a vacation1 = ! wat] is n too w>m = "o's h&s & face--& c]ta9ly x is refre%+4 ,we are 9 a s9k1 or ! dry b$ ( a lake1 & ! cliffs ( clay h be5 sculptur$ into exi/5ce by ! ,am>gosa ,riv]4 ,sometimes1 :5 a dissipat$ cl\d tumbles its cont5ts into ! region1 ! ,am>gosa is fill$ bank full ) wat]2 b few prospectors h se5 m ?an a trickl+ /ream fl[+ 9 its b$4 ,we turn our way out ( ! wagon-trail t[>d ,fun]al ,range to f9d ! canyon ( ,furnace ,creek1 & 9 "t we are clamb]+ up a n>r[ gul* betwe5 ! multicolor$ /rata ( clay buttes4 ,n a ve/ige ( life1 n ev5 ! horn$-toad or ! trail ( ! kang>oo-rat is to be se54 ,half a doz5 graves m>k$ ea* by a wood5 cross or a rock monum5t are 9 sight4 ,:o are !y8 ,ask ! simoom t sweeps l a cruel furnace bla/ ov] ?is =sak5 region4 ,to be lo/ 9 ?is des]t means horrible suff]+1 phantom-see+1 & !n dea?4 ,! bodies ( ^! un=tunates 7 m]ely f\nd & buri$--lo/6--dead6 ,we cross ! mesa :i* =ms "p ( ! ,fun]al ,range4 ,telescope & ,s5t9el ,peaks beyond ,dea? ,valley 9 ! ,panam9t ,m\nta9s loom above ! horizon2 we desc5d ! canyon ( ,furnace ,creek & are 9 ,dea? ,valley4 ,we are 9 a /range & weird depression ( ! e>?'s cru/ ab\t fifty miles long & t5 wide1 ! deepe/ "p ( :i* is m ?an two hundr$ & fifty feet bel[ sea level4 ,once ^u a "t1 x is ?\ght1 ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia rea*$ s f> inl& t x includ$ ?is ga%4 ,!n ! nev]-ceas+ w9ds bridg$ x ) loose rock wa/e4 ,?us1 ,dea? ,valley 0 born4 ,9 "t x became a salt lake1 a m>%1 & !n a dry s9k4 ,x is "h t ! deadly side-w9d] travels by night in/ead ( day to avoid ! excessive heat1 & riv]s fl[ ) _! bottoms up z if to hide f ! burn+ rays ( ! sun2 :]e ,dea? by "n & by nature gives =? no w>n+ note1 & ev5 a m\nta9 range on ! ea/ side ( ! valley signifies ! s]vice held to commemorate ! la/ re/+-place ( ! un=tunates :o h p]i%$ "h4 ,! valley is hemm$ 9 on ! ea/ by ! precipit\s side ( ! gorge\s-color$ ,fun]al ,range1 & on ! we/ by ! ,panam9t ,m\nta9s1 :i* rise to ! height ( t5 ?\s& feet4 ,! climate is cool & salubri\s 9 w9t]1 b is a fi]y furnace 9 summ]1 :5 ! m]cury 9 ! !rmomet] sometimes climbs to "o hundr$ & =ty degrees 9 ! %ade4 ,dea? ,valley ga9$ its "n f a t]rible trag$y t occurr$ dur+ ! e>ly days ( ! gold excitem5t 9 ,cali=nia4 ,emigrants b\nd = ,cali=nia ov]l& 7 wont to foll[ ! same g5]al r\te z f> z ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,f "h !re 7 two r\tes1 "o we/]ly along ! r\te ov] :i* ! ,c5tral ,pacific ,railway 0 aft]w>d built1 ! o!r s\!rly into s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,late 9 ! season ( #ahdi "o ( ! emigrant p>ties rea*$ ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,r ?an w9t] !re1 h[ev]1 !y det]m9$ to pu% =w>d at all haz>ds by ! s\!rn r\te4 ,aft] travell+ ?r\gh ,utah & "s di/ance 9 ,nevada1 !y left ! regul> trail & decid$ to turn s\?we/]ly & cross a fairly level mesa4 ,! region 0 unkn[n to !m1 b !y believ$ t by ?us *ang+ ! r\te !y w\ld be able to rea* _! de/9ation m quickly4 ,!y also ?\ght t !y w\ld f9d bett] graz+ = _! /ock4 ,aft] !y _h cross$ ! mesa1 ! r\te became m rugg$ & m precipit\s1 s1 9 ord] to light5 ! wagon-loads1 "o by "o _m articles ( furniture 7 left beh9d4 ,:5 ! company rea*$ ! head ( ,am>gosa ,valley !y began to sep>ate4 ,at l5g? "o p>ty f\nd loom+ up be=e x ! /reak$ & _m-color$ ,fun]al ,range ( m\nta9s4 ,no?+ daunt$1 !y labori\sly toil$ up to ! cre/ ) _! teams4 ,on look+ d[n _! he>ts sank )9 !m z !y beheld a precipit\s desc5t to a long1 deep1 & n>r[ valley almo/ de/itute ( vegetation4 ,?is depression 0 to be *ri/5$ ,dea? ,valley4 ,x 0 n[ too late to turn back2 s1 unyok+ ! ox51 !y proce$$ to l[] ! wagons d[n into ! valley by h&1 us+ *a9s & ropes4 ,by ! "t !y _h f9i%$ ! task d>kness _h %ut d[n &1 ga!r+ suffici5t greasewood bru% to make a fire1 !y cook$ _! ev5+ meal ) a scanty supply ( wat] & va9ly se>*$ = m4 ,! food 0 eat5 9 gloomy sil5ce1 = !y 7 lo/ & knew n :]e !y 7 nor h[ to rea* ! ne>e/ settlem5t4 ,x 0 app>5t to all1 h[ev]1 t !y mu/ ha/5 to leave ?is kiln-dri$ des]t valley z soon z possible4 ,ab&on+ _! wagons & ne>ly all ( ! surviv+ ox5 to _! fate1 aft] incr$ible h>d%ips f lack ( bo? food & wat]1 ab\t "o-half ( ! company ( ?irty s\ls t cross$ ! ,fun]al ,range rea*$ ! settlem5ts alive4 ,succumb+ to _! suff]+s1 ! o!rs dropp$1 "o by "o1 by ! wayside unknell$ & unc(f9$4 ,! skeletons ( sev]al ( ^! un=tunate emigrants 7 f\nd ye>s aft]w>d by explor+ p>ties & prospectors4 ,among ^? :o escap$ 0 a man nam$ ,b5nett1 :o1 on rea*+ ! ne>e/ t[n1 report$ t he _h f\nd a l$ge ( pure silv]4 ,! reput$ discov]y occurr$ 9 ?is way4 ,z he 0 w5d+ 8 c\rse along "o ( ! canyons he came across a spr+1 &1 be+ bo? ?ir/y & tir$1 aft] tak+ a dr9k sat d[n to re/4 ,:ile sitt+ !re he c>elessly broke (f a piece ( a rock jutt+ out ne> him1 & p]ceiv+ t x 0 v heavy & ?9k+ x might be ( "s value1 plac$ a small "p ( x 9 8 pocket4 ,aft] he _h rea*$ ,san ,b]n>d9o he happ5$ to pur*ase a gun lack+ a front sight4 ,b5nett !re=e s\ght a gunsmi?1 :om he reque/$ to make a sight out ( ! metallic rock :i* he _h f\nd t he might h a s\v5ir :i* w\ld n be easily lo/4 ,to ! a/oni%m5t ( all :o le>n$ ! facts1 ! metal prov$ to be pure silv]4 ,?is circum/ance gave rise to ! celebrat$ ,gunsight ,lead1 a phantom t 0 *as$ 9 e direction f ,dea? ,valley2 b1 l ! mirage ( ! des]t1 ! lead 0 nev] f\nd4 ,9 summ] ! valley is said to be ! hotte/ place on ! face ( ! e>?1 & p]sons depriv$ ( wat] ev5 = an h\r become insane4 ,m5 :o h attempt$ to cross x at mid-day h be5 kn[n to fall dead1 & birds fly+ across h be5 kill$ by ! fi]ce heat4 ,cl\d-bur/s occur occasionally on ! adjo9+ m\nta9s1 :5 torr5ts p\r d[n ! declivities1 fill+ ! canyons ) /reams ( wat] sometimes _m feet deep1 :i* sweep ev]y?+ be=e !m4 ,a cl\d-bur/ may *ange ! :ole face ( ! m\nta94 ,cl\d-bur/s come usually 9 ! hotte/ wea!r & almo/ ) ! sudd5ness ( an explosion4 ,a swiftly mov+ black cl\d tipp$ ) fi]y /reaks & gr[+ rapidly appe>s above ! cre/ ( ! m\nta9s4 ,!n x s9ks l a mon/] balloon turn$ sidewise until x /rikes a ridge or peak2 ! flood is !n let loose & de/ruction foll[s4 ,_m /ories are told ( p]sons b>ely escap+ ) _! lives by ha/ily climb+ up ! side ( ! canyons1 beyond ! rea* ( ! ro>+ wat]s1 & ( o!rs be+ ov]:elm$ & dr[n$4 ,su* a flood1 caus$ by a cl\d-bur/1 may h buri$ ! alleg$ ,gunsight ,lead & h *ang$ ! con=mation ( ! canyon beyond recognition4 ,no "o )\t exp]i5ce 9 travell+ ov] des]ts 9 ! summ] season c realize ! h>d%ips att5d+ travel 9 ! region ( ,dea? ,valley nor ! sombre sam5ess ( ! arid /ret*es ( s&4 ,:5 ! sun has set & ! full moon ris+ makes ! silh\ettes ( ! m\nta9s look d>k]1 a vague1 indescribable s5sation comes ov] "o--an awe-inspir+ feel+ ( insignificance & helplessness amid/ sc5es ( maje/ic desolation4 ,if religi\sly incl9$1 "o is prone to utt] ! words ( ! w&]+ ,arab ( ! ,sah>a1 ,no?+ exi/s "h b ,allah6 ,allah hu ,akb>6--,god is great] ?an all 8 creat$ witnesses4 ,9 summ]1 ! air be+ almo/ entirely de/itute ( moi/ure1 evaporation is exce$+ly rapid1 & s hot is ! sun at ?is season t metal objects ly+ out-(-doors burn ! h& if t\*$4 ,_m ye>s ago valuable borax deposits 7 discov]$ 9 ! ,dea? ,valley & ?\s&s ( tons ( borax h be5 freight$ out by huge wagons drawn by mules2 inde$1 tw5ty-mule-team borax has become almo/ a h\sehold t]m4 ,borax is /ill m9$ "h1 b n s ext5sively z =m]ly1 m accessible borax deposits hav+ be5 f\nd 9 ,nevada & else:]e--& ! tw5ty-mule team is n[ a motor-truck6 ,ne>ly "o-?ird ( all ( ! borax ( ! _w comes f ! des]ts ( ,cali=nia & ,nevada4 ,:5 borax 0 fir/ discov]$ 9 ,cali=nia ! :olesale price 9 ,new ,york 0 ab\t fifty c5ts a p\nd2 n[ x is ab\t six c5ts4 ,! v>i\s applications ( borax to indu/rial & dome/ic uses h kept pace ) its enorm\s production dur+ ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 until n[ x is us$ = m ?an fifty diff]5t purposes4 ,! meat-pack]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone use sev]al million p\nds z a pres]vative4 ,x is also us$ ) excell5t results z an antiseptic 9 dress+ w\nds & sores4 ,furnace ,creek ent]s ! valley on ! ea/]n side ( ,dea? ,valley1 b its wat]s soon s9k out ( sight4 ,! creek is us$ to irrigate a tract ( alfalfa1 a small g>d51 & a few trees2 & ! small ran*1 a v]itable oasis 9 a des]t1 is rightly call$ ,gre5l&4 ,a few m5 are kept employ$ "h by ! borax company4 ,n[ & !n1 h[ev]1 ! :ole cr[d1 tir+ ( ! extreme heat1 des]t 9 a body4 ,?is region is n[ robb$ ( "s ( its t]rors by ! completion ( ! ,tonopah & ,tidewat] ,railroad1 :i* t\*es ,dea? ,valley at ! old ,am>gosa ,borax ,works4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,m9]al ,,weal? ,,( ,,! ,,&es ,at ?is p]iod ( ! _w's progress1 :5 s _m m>vell\s inv5tions are tak+ place1 "o c sc>cely realize ! int5se int]e/ t 0 awak5$ by ! fir/ discov]ies made 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,s great 0 ! excitem5t t ! mo/ improbable /ories 7 readily believ$4 ,!re 7 f\nta9s ( p]petual y\?1 ,amazonian w>riors1 mighty giants1 & riv]s ^: b$s sp>kl$ ) gems & gold5 pebbles4 ,! reports ( e return+ adv5tur]1 :atev] _h be5 8 luck1 7 t+$ ) ! m>vell\s4 ,9 fact1 a _w ( romance 0 n[ op5 to all & ! opportunities to a*ieve fame & =tune 7 numb]less4 ,! fir/ 9 ! field /ood ! be/ *ance to w9 ! *oice/ prizes4 ,/ories t outrivall$ ! ,arabian ,nights cl\d$ ! realm ( reason4 ,s extraord9>y 7 ! acc\nts t _m ( ! cities ( ,spa9 7 deplet$ ( _! mo/ en]getic m54 ,e craft t c\ld sail ! seas 0 call$ into use1 & ! build+ ( new vessels 0 ha/5$ to completion 9 ord] to provide = ! ne$s ( adv5tur\s prospectors & w\ld-be explor]s4 ,! conque/ ( ! ,aztec ,empire1 ) its millions ( treasure1 by ,cortez _h already prov$ ! valiancy ( ,spani% cavali]s4 ,to add to ?is1 ! conque/ ( ! ,incas by ,piz>ro & 8 foll[]s 0 reg>d$ a miracle ( div9e int]position4 ,z a result1 ,spani% galleons lad5 ) treasure f ! conqu]$ c\ntries pl\gh$ ! seas1 & untold weal? p\r$ into private & royal c(f]s4 ,spani% ambition & gre$ = gold knew no b\nds4 ,cunn+ & cruelty 7 employ$ by ! ,spani>ds to secure _! ends4 ,no trials1 no h>d%ips 7 too great = !m to endure4 ,no p]ils daunt$ !m4 ,we/]n ,s\? ,am]ica1 rul$ by vic]oys = ne>ly ?ree c5turies1 br\ght to ,spa9 its greate/ weal?4 ,"o-fif? ( all ! weal? & treasure acquir$ 0 res]v$ = ! cr[n4 ,:5 ,piz>ro fir/ visit$ ! int]ior ( ,p]u he f\nd an empire well advanc$ 9 ! arts ( civilization4 ,its temples )9 & )\t 7 ri*ly decorat$ ) gold4 ,!re 7 ?\s&s ( miles ( excell5t roads1 ( :i* two 7 us$ = milit>y purposes4 ,"o ( ^! ext5d$ along ! l[l&s2 ! o!r trav]s$ ! gr& plateau4 ,^! roads cross$ rav9es bridg$ ) solid masonry & 7 pi]c$ by tunnels cut ?r\gh solid rock4 ,! con/ruction ( ^! great roads 0 a m wond]ful a*ievem5t ?an ! build+ ( ! ,egyptian pyramids4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 sy/ematically organiz$ & to a c]ta9 ext5t x 0 bo? pat]nal & communal4 ,agriculture 0 skilfully c>ri$ on by means ( f]tilization & irrigation4 ,! sun 0 ! *ief deity & object ( wor%ip ( its p4 ,_! mo/ beautifully adorn$ & r5[n$ sanctu>y 0 ! ,temple ( ! ,sun at ,cuzco4 ,besides ?is sacr$ edifice !re 7 sev]al hundr$ inf]ior temples & places ( wor%ip scatt]$ ?r\gh ! empire1 all pl5tifully ornam5t$ ) gold & silv]4 ,e ,inca rul] 0 reg>d$ z a desc5dant ( ! sun & !re=e a sacr$ p]son4 ,accord+ to ! popul> belief1 gold consi/$ ( te>s wept by ! sun & 0 !re=e a sacr$ metal suitable = beautify+ ! palaces ( ! ,incas & temples ( wor%ip4 ,n only 7 ! edifices !mselves ri*ly adorn$ ) ?is preci\s metal1 b ! sacr$ vessels & _m ( ! articles ( furniture 7 made ( ! same mat]ial4 ,silv]1 also1 0 mu* us$1 b 0 n consid]$ sacr$4 ,s great 0 ! am\nt ( ! preci\s metals us$ t ea* royal palace & temple 0 a v]itable m9e4 ,f #aebj to #aebe reports ( a ri* empire at ! s\? 7 circulat$ among ! adv5tur]s congregat$ at ,panama4 ,at l5g? !y 7 confirm$ 9 a great measure by travell]s :o _h voyag$ s\?w>d along ! coa/4 ,francisco ,piz>ro1 a re/less _s :o _h be5 associat$ ) ,balboa & o!rs 9 discov]y & exploration1 det]m9+ to te/ ! tru? ( ^! reports1 made sev]al voyages s\?4 ,f9ally1 he l&$ on ! %ores ( ,p]u ) an army ( foll[]s :o numb]$ less ?an two hundr$4 ,he met ) b little opposition f ! natives :ile m>*+ t[>d ! int]ior1 & al?\gh he plund]$ "s ( ! places ?r\gh :i* he pass$1 ! p receiv$ him ) m>ks ( fri5d%ip4 ,9 "s in/ances t[ns ( sev]al ?\s& population 7 des]t$ on ! approa* ( ! ,spani>ds1 s great 0 ! t]ror inspir$ by ! :ite m51 especially by ^? on horseback4 ,at fir/ x 0 ! policy ( ! invad]s to treat ! natives ) k9dness 9 ord] to accompli% _! purpose1 namely1 to conqu] ! ,p]uvian ,empire 9 ! same mann] t ,cortez _h conqu]$ ! ,aztecs4 ,!y 7 accompani$ by two ( ! natives :o previ\sly _h be5 tak5 to ,spa9 & taught ! ,spani% language4 ,by ?is means ! ,spani>ds 7 able to communicate ) ! p4 ,le>n+ t ! ,inca rul]1 ,atahuallpa1 0 encamp$ ) 8 army among ! m\nta9s1 ,piz>ro s5t an embassy to reque/ a meet+ ) him4 ,x 0 agre$ t !y meet at ,caxamalca1 a /rongly =tifi$ city among ! si]ras4 ,on arriv+ at ! city1 ! ,spani>ds f\nd x evacuat$4 ,soon aft] tak+ up _! qu>t]s !re1 ,atahuallpa arriv$ & e/abli%$ 8 camp a %ort di/ance outside ! city4 ,piz>ro at once s5t ^w to ,atahuallpa to come into ! city & sup ) him1 b ask$ t1 9 ord] to %[ 8 fai? 9 ! :ite m5 & 8 own good int5tions1 he %\ld leave all weapons beh9d4 ,aft] mu* p]suasion ,atahuallpa accept$ ! invitation & ent]$ ! city1 ) sev]al ?\s& ( 8 foll[]s1 un>m$4 ,:5 fairly )9 ! enclosure1 a prie/ approa*+ ! ,inca rul] made a h>angue ab\t ,*ri/ianity & dem&$ t he %\ld submit to ! au?ority ( ! ,spani% k+4 ,by :at au?ority d y dem& su* submission8 repli$ ! mon>* ) fla%+ eye4 ,by ?is holy book :i* ,i hold 9 my h&1 answ]$ ! prie/4 ,!n snat*+ ! volume f ! h& ( ! prie/1 ,atahuallpa scornfully ?rew x on ! gr\nd1 say+1 ,:at "r h y 9 my c\ntry8 ,i w call y & y\r companions to an acc\nt = ! indignities heap$ ^u me4 ,pick+ up ! book1 ! prie/ =?) w5t to ,piz>ro & report$ ! conduct ( ! ,inca1 say+1 ,x is useless to talk to ?is dog4 ,at !m at once2 ,i absolve y4 ,imm$iately ,piz>ro rais$ 8 h&k]*ief = ! preconc]t$ signal1 ! fir+ ( a gun4 ,!reupon 8 soldi]s1 infantry & cavalry1 ru%$ f _! places ( concealm5t ^u ! def5celess ,indians1 slaught]+ !m unm]cifully "r & left4 ,! dis*>ge ( ! arquebuses & cannon1 ) _! smoke1 & ! *>ge ( ! cavalry p>alyz$ ! unsuspect+ natives1 & ! attack became a horrible massacre4 ,n until ?\s&s ( ! ,indians _h be5 kill$ & ! ,inca rul] _h be5 captur$ did d>kness cause ! ,spani>ds to desi/ f _! bloody "w4 ,s sudd5 & t]rible _h be5 ! onslaught t ! haughty mon>* himself seem$ /unn$ by ! effect4 ,realiz+ ! irresi/ible p[] ( ! :ite m5 ) _! wond]ful weapons & horses1 ! natives gave up = a "t all ?\ghts ( resi/ance4 ,9 fact1 !y reg>d$ ! ,spani>ds z sup]ior be+s end[$ ) pret]natural gifts4 ,:5 ! rul] _h be5 kept a prison] sev]al mon?s1 he desir$ to rega9 8 fre$om4 ,by ?is "t he realiz$ ! ,spani>ds' ?ir/ = gold1 & !re=e promis$ to fill ! room 9 :i* he 0 conf9$ ) x z high z he c\ld rea*1 & twice to fill an adjo9+ room ) silv]1 if !y w\ld release him4 ,piz>ro agre$ to ?is proposal2 ,atahuallpa !reupon s5t out mess5g]s to all p>ts ( 8 empire reque/+ t ! metals 9 ! %ape ( ut5sils & ornam5ts be collect$ f ! royal palaces1 temples1 & else:]e & br\ght to ,caxamalca4 ,on acc\nt ( ! difficulty ( transportation1 s9ce all ! treasure _h to be c>ri$ on ! backs ( ! natives1 _m mon?s elaps$ be=e ! collections c\ld be made4 ,:5 fifte5 & "o-half million doll>s' wor? ( gold & a l>ge am\nt ( silv] _h be5 deliv]$ at ,caxamalca1 ,piz>ro excus$ ! imprison$ rul] f fur!r contributions4 ,at ?is juncture ( affairs ,almagro1 a co-p>tn] 9 ! ,p]uvian exp$ition1 arriv$ on ! sc5e ) a /rong re9=cem5t4 ,on le>n+ ( ! imm5se am\nt ( gold & silv] collect$1 ! foll[]s ( bo? lead]s l\dly clamor$ = its di/ribution among !m1 &1 tak+ out ! royal fif? "p1 ! rema9d] 0 divid$ accord+ to ! rank & s]vice r5d]$4 ,!n came rumors ( an upris+ among ! natives & ( ! collection ( an army to drive out ! invad]s1 b on inve/igation ^! reports 7 f\nd to be false4 ,! "q !n upp]mo/ 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,spani% lead]s 0 ! disposition ( ! royal prison]4 ,x 0 ?\ght t1 7 he releas$ accord+ to promise1 ! natives might rally ar\nd him & dem& ! expulsion ( ! intrud]s4 ,s x 0 decid$ to make *>ges aga9/ him & to h at lea/ ! =m ( a trial 9 ord] to give an appe>ance ( ju/ice to ! proce$+s4 ,twelve *>ges 7 made aga9/ ,atahuallpa1 ne>ly all ( :i* 7 f>-fet*$ & absolutely false4 ,he 0 f\nd guilty & condemn$ to dea? by burn+2 b at ! la/ mom5t1 :5 he 0 *a9$ to a /ake & ! tor* 0 ready to be appli$1 ! prie/ 9 att5dance promis$ t ! s5t5ce %\ld be commut$ to ! easi] dea? by ! g>rote if he w\ld r5\nce 8 idolatry & embrace ,*ri/ianity4 ,he ass5t$ to ! proposal1 & imm$iately ! modifi$ s5t5ce 0 c>ri$ out4 ,x is n necess>y to add t ! execution ( ! ,p]uvian mon>* 0 ! d>ke/ /a9 on ! pages ( ,spani% colonial hi/ory4 ,f ?is "t on ! conduct ( ! ,spani% invad]s 0 m>k$ by a mo/ inhuman cruelty t[>d ! natives4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,oroya ,railroad1 ,p]u1 %[+ f\r sections ( ! road ,?9k+ t he c\ld m easily gov]n ! empire ?r\gh a native rul] subs]vi5t to himself1 ,piz>ro plac$ ,manco1 ! true heir1 on ! ,p]uvian ?rone4 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 p>ts ( ! empire rebell$ aga9/ ! new rul] & ! ,spani% usurp]s4 ,!n1 :5 ! rebelli\s tribes _h be5 br\ght back to _! =m] allegiance1 ! ,spani% lead]s qu>rell$ & f\ght among !mselves4 ,x 0 n long be=e ! arrogant & cruel conduct ( ! ,spani>ds ali5at$ all fri5d%ip on ! "p ( bo? rul] & 8 subjects4 ,manco broke f 8 ma/]s &1 aid$ by 8 p1 rais$ ! /&>d ( rebellion1 det]m9+ to make a la/ supreme ef=t to rid 8 subjects ( ! incubus t 0 sapp+ ! life ( ! c\ntry4 ,aft] _m bloody enc\nt]s 9 :i* bo? sides su/a9$ sev]e losses1 ,manco 0 kill$ & ! ,spani% yoke 0 firmly fix$ on ! neck ( ! p1 :o = ! great] "p 7 consign$ to a mo/ inhuman slav]y4 ,?\s&s p]i%$ by ! brutal treatm5t inflict$ ^u !m 9 ! silv] m9es4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ,indian slav]y 0 aboli%$ 9 a great measure by royal proclamation2 nev]!less1 ,spa9 cont9u$ to rule ?is l& = ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ! oppressive yoke 0 ca/ (f by a successful upris+4 ,x is a pleasure to "k t _m ( ! ,spani% lead]s :o 7 guilty ( ?is he>tless cruelty suff]$ viol5t dea?s 9 qu>rels among !mselves or 9 rebellion aga9/ ! cr[n ( ,spa94 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ,spani% rule an imm5se rev5ue accru$ f work+ ! ri* silv] m9es4 ,^? t fill$ ! ,spani% treasure %ips s eag]ly s\ght by buccane]s 7 ! m9es ( ,potosi4 ,^! silv] lodes1 ext5sively work$ ?r\gh ,indian slave labor by ,h]n&o & ,gonzalo ,piz>ro1 bro!rs ( ,francisco ,piz>ro1 7 discov]$ 9 #aedf4 ,s ri* did ! lodes prove to be t ! city ( ,potosi sprang up ne> !m & 0 support$ by !m1 al?\gh ! site 0 f> f be+ desirable4 ,its altitude is ab\t ?irte5 ?\s& feet1 & x is1 !re=e1 ! highe/ city 9 ! _w4 ,x is situat$ on ! bleak side ( ! ,&es1 f ^: sn[-clad peaks cold1 pi]c+ w9ds sweep d[n ov] ! city4 ,t[]+ above x is a m\nta91 honeycomb$ ) %afts1 tunnels1 & drifts1 f :i* has be5 tak5 silv] to ! value ( two billion doll>s4 ,at fir/ x 0 ?\ght t a location s high above sea level w\ld be unhabitable1 b ! imm5se weal? ( ! silv] lodes requir$ _m workm5 = _! developm5t1 & ^! labor]s _h to be h\s$ & f$4 ,at ! z5i? ( its prosp]ity ,potosi possess$ "o hundr$ sev5ty ?\s& inhabitants1 & _h ! di/9ction ( be+ ! l>ge/ city 9 ! ,new ,_w dur+ ! fir/ two c5turies ( its exi/5ce4 ,a m9t built 9 #aefb1 at ! exp5se ( ov] a million doll>s1 is long s9ce unus$4 ,a spl5did granite ca!dral ornam5t$ ) beautiful /atu>y /ill atte/s to ! =m] gr&eur ( ! city4 ,"s ( ! ri*e/ ve9s ( silv] ore 9 ! ,potosi m9es h be5 work$ out & _m m9es h be5 all[$ to become fill$ ) wat]4 ,^! conditions1 c\pl$ ) ! l[ price ( silv] = _m ye>s1 h caus$ ! population ( ! city to dw9dle until n[ !re are sc>cely m ?an t5 ?\s& inhabitants & v _m ( ! build+s are 9 ru9s4 ,^! m9es h produc$ tw5ty-sev5 ?\s& tons ( silv] s9ce _! discov]y1 & at ! pres5t day _m ( !m are yield+ l>ge returns4 ,! ,bolivian plateau is "o va/ m9]al b$ ab\nd+ 9 ri* m9es ( copp]1 t91 silv]1 & gold4 ,9 ,bolivia alone !re are upw>d ( two ?\s& silv] m9es2 :ile "s ( ! ri*e/ t9 m9es 9 ! _w are f\nd "h4 ,lodes ( pure t9 sev]al feet 9 wid? h be5 foll[$ d[n six hundr$ feet4 ,t9 m9es 7 rec5tly discov]$ among ! m\nta9s ?irte5 ?\s& five hundr$ feet above ! level ( ! sea1 ne> ! %ores ( ,lake ,titicaca4 ,two railroads n[ rea* ?is high plateau1 "o f ! seaport t[n ( ,ant(aga/a1 ,*ile1 to ,oruro1 ,bolivia2 ! o!r f ,mol5do1 ,p]u1 to ,puno1 on ,lake ,titicaca4 ,! mo/ wond]ful railroad 9 ! _w & ! mo/ co/ly 9 its con/ruction1 ! ,oroya ,railroad is ab\t "o hundr$ fifty miles long4 ,x beg9s at ,callao1 ,p]u1 & ends at ,oroya4 ,! highe/ po9t rea*$ by x 9 cross+ ! ,&es is fifte5 ?\s& six hundr$ & sixty-five feet4 ,x is said t sev5 ?\s& lives 7 lo/ 9 its con/ruction4 ,mu* ( ! road-b$ 0 bla/$ ?r\gh solid rock on ! sides ( ! m\nta9s4 ,! co/ ( con/ruction 0 ab\t ?ree hundr$ ?\s& doll>s p] mile4 ,x has sev5ty-eight tunnels1 ! longe/ be+ ! ,gall]a tunnel1 :i* pi]ces ,m\nt ,meiggs at ! altitude ( fifte5 ?\s& six hundr$ & sixty-five feet4 ,?is is ! highe/ place 9 ! _w :]e /eam is us$ z a motive p[]4 ,ultimately ! road is to be ext5d$ to ! celebrat$ m9es ( ,c]ro de ,pasco1 fifty-"o miles beyond its pres5t t]m9us1 ,oroya4 ,! *ief bus9ess ( ^! railroads ext5d+ into ! ,&es is c>ry+ ore1 bullion1 & wool4 ,_! con/ruction m>ks ! acme ( eng9e]+ skill2 ! sc5]y along !m surpasses t ( all o!r regions 9 its wild rugg$ness1 gr&eur1 & sublimity4 ,9 asc5d+ to su* great heights quickly "o n accu/om$ to high elevations is apt to exp]i5ce dizz9ess1 heada*e1 & nausea4 ,at fir/ ev5 ! ef=t to talk on rea*+ ^! l(ty places by tra9 is labori\s4 ,dogs tak5 f ! l[l&s to ^! elevations are unable to run ) spe$ = a long "t1 b ^? :i* are born & re>$ 9 ?is region easily pursue wild animals4 ,:5 ! ,new ,_w 0 discov]$ ! llama 0 ! only animal us$ !re z a bea/ ( burd54 ,?\s&s ( ^! dim9utive creatures are /ill us$ = transport+ ore & bullion 9 ! ,&es4 ,ea* animal c c>ry a load ( sev5ty-five p\nds or m4 ,?is sure-foot$ animal c travel ) its load ab\t f\rte5 miles a day4 ,illu/ration3 ,llamas re/+ ,lake ,titicaca is "o ( ! fam\s lakes ( ! _w4 ,its "n means t9-/one & 0 d\btless d]iv$ f ! t9 ore f\nd 9 ! vic9ity4 ,! lake has an elevation ( twelve ?\s& five hundr$ & fifty feet1 & al?\gh n9e /reams run into x1 only "o1 ! ,desaguad]o1 fl[s out1 c>ry+ its wat]s to ,lake ,poopo1 a small body ( salt wat] ne>ly ?ree hundr$ miles s\?4 ,lake ,titicaca has ! same surface level bo? summ] & w9t]4 ,! outfl[ nev] rea*es ! sea2 x is lo/ by evaporation ma9ly 9 ,lake ,poopo1 b ! latt] frequ5tly ov]fl[s into ! salt m>%es ly+ to ! s\?w>d4 ,?\gh ?9 ice may be f\nd 9 ! quiet bays & inlets ne>ly e morn+ dur+ ! ye>1 ! expanse ( ! lake is nev] froz5 ev5 9 ! sev]e/ wea!r4 ,a peculi>ity ab\t ! lake is t n only w iron n ru/ :5 left 9 its wat]s1 b t :i* 0 be=e ru/$ soon loses its scales ( ru/ aft] be+ imm]s$ a few days4 ,sev]al /eam]s ply on ! lake c>ry+ *iefly ore & wool4 ,"s ( ! isl&s 9 ! lake are inhabit$ by ,indians :o eke out a prec>i\s liv+4 ,a civilization ant$at+ t ( ! ,incas =m]ly occupi$ ! region ab\t ! lake1 z is prov$ by ! rem>kable ru9s along ! %ores conc]n+ :i* ! natives told ! e>ly ,spani>ds t !y _h no record4 ,?ree squ>e miles are cov]$ by ^! ru9s1 ^: walls 7 made ( imm5se blocks ( /one mo/ accurately fitt$ toge!r1 ?us giv+ evid5ce ( ! great skill 9 /one-cutt+ possess$ by ! pre-,inca p4 ,! ,inca rul]s _h beautiful palaces & o!r edifices on "s ( ! isl&s4 ,titicaca ,isl& 0 reg>d$ z sacr$1 & at ! "t ( ! ,spani% conque/ 0 ! site ( a l>ge temple ri*ly ornam5t$ ) gold & silv]4 ,prospect+ 9 ! ,&es is att5d$ ) great h>d%ips4 ,few wild animals c be f\nd to furni% food4 ,food & ut5sils mu/ be c>ri$ on ! backs ( m51 & ! greate/ difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 trav]s+ ! almo/ inaccessible /eeps & deep rav9es4 ,coal ( inf]ior quality has be5 f\nd ne> ! %ores ( ,lake ,titicaca & is us$ by ! /eam]s sail+ on its wat]s4 ,_m ri* m9]al lodes yet rema9 undiscov]$1 & a va/ numb] ( valuable m9es langui% = lack ( capital to develop !m4 ,frequ5t revolutions & ! insecurity ( private prop]ty prev5t ! inve/m5t ( =eign capital4 ,! ,&es w cont9ue to be a great /oreh\se ( m9]als = _m ye>s to come4 ,illu/ration3 ,silv]-smelt+ works at ,cassapalca1 on ! ,oroya ,railroad1 ,p]u1 #ac1fjj feet high ,muffl+ ! feet ( ! ,p]uvian ,&es is a long n>r[ /rip--drift+ dunes ( rock wa/e--kn[n z ! ,atacama ,des]t4 ,9 comp>ison ) ?is awful des]t1 ! ,sah>a is said to be a botanical g>d54 ,"h dur+ a "p ( ! ye> a fi]ce1 rel5tless sun p\rs d[n its burn+ rays on ! %ift+ s&s1 keep+ ! air at a scor*+ heat bo? day & night4 ,=m]ly ! region belong$ to ,bolivia1 b x 0 annex$ to ,*ile z a result ( ! w> ( #ahha4 ,= miles & miles n a blade ( grass1 n a tree1 n a %rub is to be se54 ,all ar\nd is a bleak1 b>r5 wa/e de/itute ( wat]4 ,yet und]nea? ^! s&s lie conceal$ imm5se deposits ( nitrates ( untold weal?4 ,al?\gh small quantities ( ! nitrates _h be5 s5t to ,europe = *emical purposes--*iefly ! manufacture ( gunp[d]--no consid]able am\nt 0 export$ until a =tuit\s discov]y 0 made by a ,scot*man nam$ ,george ,smi?4 ,aft] w&]+ ov] ! _w = "s "t ,smi? settl$ d[n 9 a little village ne> ,iquique1 :]e he _h a small g>d5 conta9+ fruit-trees & fl[]s4 ,9 "o "p ( 8 g>d5 he notic$ t ! plants grew be/ :]e ! soil conta9$ a :ite sub/ance4 ,he !n proce$$ to ga!r a quantity ( ! mat]ial & to exp]im5t ) x4 ,to 8 surprise he f\nd t a m]e h&ful ( x greatly /imulat$ ! gr[? ( plants4 ,he told a memb] ( 8 family 9 ,scotl& :o 0 engag$ 9 fruit-gr[+ ab\t ! wond]ful effects ( ! mat]ial z a f]tiliz]4 ,z a result sev]al bags ( nitrates 7 di/ribut$ among ,scotti% f>m]s & fruit-gr[]s4 ,s satisfactory did ! f]tiliz] prove t an imm$iate call 0 made = m ( x4 ,?us began a bus9ess :i* n[ yields ! own]s ( ! b$s "o hundr$ million doll>s ye>ly4 ,x 0 soon f\nd out t ! nitrate 9 its raw /ate conta9$ prop]ties t 7 injuri\s to plants & t ^! %\ld be fir/ elim9at$4 ,=?) r$uction works 7 e/abli%$ to extract ! delet]i\s sub/ances4 ,^! sub/ances 7 ma9ly iod9e & brom9e1 two *emical elem5ts t are ( great] value ?an ! nitrates !mselves4 ,)9 a few ye>s railroads 7 built to transport ! nitrates f ! b$s to ! v>i\s ports :]e ! r$uction factories 7 erect$4 ,_m m5 :o _h l>ge int]e/s 9 ! nitrate b$s became imm5sely weal?y 9 a %ort "t4 ,! great value ( ! deposits caus$ t[ns & cities to spr+ up along ! coa/ 9 ! mo/ inhospitable places1 to "s ( :i* wat] 0 pip$ a di/ance ( m ?an two hundr$ miles & at ! co/ ( _m millions ( doll>s4 ,! pr9cipal nitrate b$s are 9 a %all[ valley1 f\r or five ?\s& feet above sea level1 ly+ betwe5 a long range ( hills & ! base ( ! ,&es4 ,j h[ ^! m9]al deposits 7 =m$ x is difficult to expla91 ! mo/ plausible !ory be+ t ?is des]t 0 once ! bottom ( an inl& sea hav+ va/ quantities ( seawe$ cov]$ ) s&4 ,9 ! gradual decay ( ?is sub/ance ! nitrate ( soda1 or ,*ile saltpetre1 0 =m$4 ,to obta9 ! nitrates x is necess>y fir/ to remove ! top lay] ( s& & !n a lay] ( clay4 ,und]nea? ?is is f\nd a lay] ( s(t1 :iti% mat]ial call$ nitrate4 ,! crude nitrate is s5t to ! nitrate ports to be cru%$ & boil$ 9 sea-wat]4 ,aft] boil+1 ! solution is drawn (f into %all[ vessels & expos$ to ! heat ( ! sun to evaporate4 ,:5 ne>ly all has be5 evaporat$ & ! rema9+ liquid drawn (f1 ! bottom & sides ( ! vessels are f\nd to be cov]$ ) sp>kl+ :ite cry/als4 ,?is is ! saltpetre ( comm]ce1 ! highe/ grade ( :i* is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( gunp[d]1 ! second grade = *emical purposes1 & ! ?ird grade1 ! great bulk1 = f]tiliz+ ! exhau/$ soils ( ,europe4 ,! liquid drawn (f is cry/alliz$ by *emical treatm5t & fur!r evaporation1 & f x is obta9$ iod9e1 an ounce ( :i* is wor? z mu* z "o hundr$ p\nds ( saltpetre4 ,f eighty to "o hundr$ million doll>s' wor? ( ^! nitrates are dug out & sold ea* ye>4 ,great ,brita9 takes ab\t "o-?ird ( ! entire product & ,g]many "o-fif?4 ,iquique has ! l>ge/ %ipp+ trade4 ,f ?is port ab\t fifty million doll>s' wor? ( nitrates & ?ree million doll>s' wor? ( iod9e are export$ ye>ly4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,cz>',s ,,great] ,,doma9 ,no o!r p>ts ( ! globe h be5 subject to s _m kaleidoscopic *anges by migrations dur+ ! pa/ eight c5turies z nor!rn ,asia & ea/]n ,europe4 ,9 comp>ison bo? ,india & ,*9a h rema9$ /able = _m c5turies4 ,be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 ,mongol tribes ( nor!a/]n ,asia began _! we/w>d m>*1 t>ry+ a few c5turies along ! way 9 ! mo/ f]tile places & ga!r+ =ce by multiplication until ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,!n l a mighty flood !y p\r$ into ea/]n ,europe1 c>ry+ ev]y:]e 9 _! pa?way subjugation1 deva/ation1 & slaught]4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ^! migrations1 ! great ,roman ,empire trembl$ z %e beheld ! irresi/ible mov+ ho/s1 & h] d[nfall 0 ha/5$ by ! pond]\s bl[s dealt h] by ^! b>b>ians4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 aft] ! ,mongol rul] ,g5ghis ,khan _h ov]run s\!rn ,russia1 he turn$ nor?w>d & captur$ ! cities ( ,mosc[1 ,vladimir1 & ,ryazan1 putt+ to dea? _m ( ! inhabitants by ! mo/ fi5di% me?ods ( torture4 ,?\s&s 7 slaught]$ m]ely to wreak v5geance = ! /rong resi/ance (f]$ by ! besieg$ be=e surr5d]+4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ! ,russians bo? high & l[ 7 made slaves4 ,wives ( ! nobles :o _h be5 ri*ly clad & adorn$ ) jewels became s]vants ( _! conqu]ors4 ,illu/ration3 ,fi%+ = /urgeon ?r\gh ! ice ( ! ,ural ,riv]4 ,cat*+ ! mat]ial = cavi>e ,9 #abgb mo/ ( ! ,t>t>s became ,muhammadans & h5ce=? became m intol]ant ( ! ,*ri/ians1 ?\s&s ( :om !y burn$ alive or tortur$4 ,?is oppressive yoke 0 borne = ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,!n ,ivan ,,iii succe$$ 9 break+ ! ,t>t> rule =ev]4 ,mongol tribes1 h[ev]1 rema9$ a di/urb+ elem5t on ! bord] = two hundr$ ye>s !reaft]4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ,o?man1 a ,mongol1 f\nd$ ! ,ottoman empire1 :i* !n consi/$ ( only ! we/]n "p ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,8 son & successor conqu]$ ,gallipoli 9 #aced1 !reby ga9+ a foo?old 9 ,europe1 & dur+ ! next two c5turies successive ,turki% rul]s made l>ge additions to ! empire until x embrac$ va/ areas 9 ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa4 ,= a "t1 inde$1 x ?reat5$ to absorb all ,*ri/5dom4 ,adrianople 0 conqu]$ 9 #acfa & made ! capital ( ! ,turki% ,empire4 ,!n1 9 #adec1 aft] a memorable siege1 ,con/ant9ople 0 captur$ by ! ,muhammadans1 & made ! capital ( ! empire4 ,orkhan 0 ! fir/ to exact z tribute ! /ronge/ & heal?ie/ male *ildr5 ( all ,*ri/ian peoples :om he conqu]$4 ,^! y\?s1 re>$ z ,muhammadans & tra9$ "u /rict milit>y discipl9e1 became t effici5t body ( troops call$ ! ,janiz>ies4 ,= a long "t !y 7 ! bulw>k ( ! empire1 b at l5g? !y became s dictatorial & p[]ful t ! sultan began to fe> !m m ?an he fe>$ 8 =eign enemies4 ,9 #ahbe1 :5 ! army 0 reorganiz$ on ! ,european plan1 ! ,janiz>ies broke out 9 op5 revolt4 ,!n ! reign+ sultan unfurl$ ! flag ( ! ,prophet & call$ ^u ! fai?ful to suppress ! rebelli\s corps4 ,9 ! conte/ t ensu$ x is e/imat$ t tw5ty-five ?\s& ( ! rebels 7 put to dea?1 tw5ty ?\s& 7 bani%$1 & ! o!rs disb&$4 ,?is 0 ! end ( an epo* ( blood-%$d+ & ! beg9n+ ( an era ( comm]ce4 ,! ,russians h always be5 not$ = _! love ( furs2 z a result a small1 fur-be>+ animal1 ! sable1 l$ to ! conque/ ( t va/ realm n[ kn[n z ,sib]ia4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury a ri* ,russian m]*ant nam$ ,/rogon(f1 resid+ at ,kazan1 e/abli%$ salt works on ! banks ( ! ,kama1 a tribut>y ( ! ,volga ,riv]1 & began trad+ ) ! natives4 ,"o day1 hav+ notic$ "s /rangely dress$ travell]s & le>n+ t !y came f a c\ntry beyond ! ,ural ,m\nta9s1 call$ ,sibir1 he despat*$ "s ( 8 ag5ts into t l&4 ,on return+1 ! employees br\ght ) !m ! f9e/ sable sk9s t ! m]*ant _h ev] se54 ,!y _h be5 secur$ = a trifl+ sum4 ,/rogon(f began at once to ext5d ! area ( 8 traffick+1 & in=m$ ! gov]nm5t ( ! lucrative comm]ce t he _h op5$ up4 ,valuable concessions 7 !n grant$ him4 ,a few ye>s aft]w>d a ,cossack (fic] nam$ ,y]mak1 :o _h be5 decl>$ an outlaw by ,ivan ! ,t]rible1 ga!r$ toge!r a =ce ( less ?an "o ?\s& m54 ,! b& 0 compos$ ( adv5tur]s1 freeboot]s1 & crim9als1 & ! exp$ition 0 arm$ & provision$ by ,/rogon(f1 :o expect$ to pr(it by op5+ up ! new region4 ,p]mission hav+ be5 obta9$ f ! gov]nm5t1 9 #aegi ,y]mak set =? ) 8 foll[]s = ! unkn[n c\ntry4 ,s great 7 ! imp$im5ts :i* ! pa?less swamps & =e/ (f]$1 toge!r ) ! sev]ity ( ! climate & ho/ility ( ! natives1 t 8 =ce 0 r$uc$ by dea?1 sickness1 & des]tion to ! numb] ( five hundr$ :5 he l9$ up 8 m5 be=e ! l>ge army ( ! p[]ful ,kut*um ,khan4 ,l ,cortez & ,piz>ro1 ,y]mak _h unb\nd$ confid5ce 9 8 ability to cope ) 8 enemies1 :o 7 rudely arm$ ) b[s & arr[s1 reg>dless ( _! numb]s2 = 8 own m5 7 suppli$ ) mat*locks1 & ) ^!--9 ! language ( ! natives--!y c\ld manufacture ?und] & lightn+4 ,a t]rible battle ensu$1 & = "s "t success seem$ ev5ly balanc$4 ,at l5g? ! fi]ce attacks ( ! ,cossacks =c$ ! b>b>\s hordes to give way & ! retreat became a /amp$e4 ,kut*um ,khan's camp & all its treasures fell into ! h&s ( ! conqu]ors4 ,y]mak at once s5t "p ( 8 =ce to occupy ! ,t>t> capital1 :i* 0 f\nd to be evacuat$1 s great 0 ! t]ror inspir$ by ! ,russians4 ,! success a*iev$ by ! h&ful ( ,cossacks l$ sev]al neighbor+ tribes to (f] volunt>ily an annual tribute ( sable sk9s4 ,:5 ,y]mak _h collect$ sev]al ?\s& ( ^! sk9s1 he s5t a special envoy to ,mosc[ to pres5t !m along ) ! conqu]$ c\ntry to ! cz>4 ,s greatly pleas$ 0 ,ivan ) ! (f]+s t he =gave ,y]mak = 8 pa/ ill de$s & made him gov]nor & comm&]-9-*ief ( all ! c\ntries :i* he might conqu]4 ,!n1 kn[+ t x w\ld be difficult = ! ,cossacks to hold ! conqu]$ t]ritory v long ) _! dim9i%$ numb]s1 ! cz> =?) s5t re9=cem5ts4 ,soon aft] ! arrival ( ! additional troops1 ,y]mak audaci\sly />t$ out to make fur!r conque/s4 ,"o d>k & ra9y night he encamp$ ) 8 =ce on a small isl& 9 ! ,irti% ,riv]4 ,rely+ on ! t]ror :i* 8 "n _h inspir$1 & ! /ormy wea!r1 he deem$ x unnecess>y to po/ s5t9els4 ,we>i$ ) _! long m>*1 soon all ( ! ,russians 7 buri$ 9 slumb]4 ,b ,kut*um1 sm>t+ "u 8 humiliat+ defeat1 _h spies con/antly wat*+ 8 foes1 int5d+1 if possible1 to take !m by surprise4 ,:5 ! spies report$ to him ! lack ( vigilance on ! "p ( ! enemy1 he /eal?ily cross$ to ! isl& ) 8 =ce & fell ^u ! sleep+ camp4 ,all ! ,russians b two 7 kill$1 & ^!1 escap+1 report$ ! disa/] at ,sibir4 ,:5 ,y]mak saw ! annihilation ( 8 troops1 he cut 8 way ?r\gh ! ,t>t>s & attempt$ to swim ! /ream1 b 0 dragg$ to ! bottom by 8 heavy armor & dr[n$4 ,:5 news ( ! cru%+ disa/] rea*$ ,sibir ! ,russians1 los+ he>t at ! dea? ( _! lead]1 evacuat$ ! place & return$ home4 ,! cz>1 nev]!less1 _h no idea ( p]mitt+ a l& s promis+ to slip f 8 grasp4 ,x 0 n long be=e he s5t a l>g] army across ! ,ural ,m\nta9s1 :i* n only reconqu]$ ! lo/ t]ritory b also ! re/ ( we/]n ,sib]ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,ga!r+ salt at ! m\? ( ! ,ural ,riv] ,gradually ! ,cossacks mov$ ea/w>d1 conqu]+ tribe aft] tribe4 ,z !y advanc$ !y built /rong wood5 =ts by :i* to hold _! vantage gr\nd4 ,tomsk 0 f\nd$ 9 #afjd2 by #afcj ! tide ( conque/ _h rea*$ ! banks ( ! ,l5a2 & )9 eighty ye>s f _! fir/ conque/ ! ,russians _h rea*$ ! ,pacific4 ,ye>s aft]w>d a suitable monum5t 0 erect$ to ,y]mak 9 ! city ( ,tobolsk1 :i* 0 built on ! battle-field :]e he ga9$ 8 fir/ decisive victory ov] ! ,t>t> rul]4 ,8 real monum5t is all ,sib]ia1 ^: conque/ he inaugurat$4 ,9 #ahdg ! ,amur ,riv] section 0 annex$ by ,russia reg>dless ( ! prote/s ( ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t4 ,qu>rels ensu$ ov] ! b\nd>ies &1 f9d+ resi/ance hopeless1 ! ,*9ese c$$ to ,russia all ! l& on ! left bank ( ! ,amur z f> z ! m\? ( ! ,ussuri & on bo? its banks bel[ t riv]4 ,! sable gradually l$ ! ,russian hunt]s to ,kamt*atka1 :ile ! m valuable sea-ott] beckon$ !m across ! sea to ! ,aleutian ,isl&s & t "p ( ! ,am]ican cont95t n[ ,alaska ,t]ritory4 ,! *ief inc5tive 9 all ( ^! conque/s 0 ! secur+ ( valuable furs4 ,! sable is ev5 yet f\nd along ! /reams 9 bo? op5 & =e/$ sections f ! ,ural ,m\nta9s to ! ,pacific2 b s rel5tless has be5 ! pursuit ( ?is valuable fur-be>+ animal t x is n[ ne>ly ext]m9at$4 ,besides ! sable & ! sea-ott]1 !re are f\nd 9 ,sib]ia ! erm9e1 be>1 arctic fox1 common fox1 de]1 wolf1 antelope1 elk1 h>e1 & squirrel4 ,to avoid ent]+ into conflict ) ! m p[]ful p at ! s\?1 ! ,russians *ose to advance ea/w>d along high] latitudes t[>d ! ,pacific4 ,b )9 a few ye>s aft] ! ,muscovite empire _h acquir$ c5tral & nor!rn ,sib]ia1 !re 7 l\d compla9ts t ! tribes on ! s\? 7 mak+ raids on !m1 robb+ !m ( _! prop]ty & c>ry+ _! p into slav]y4 ,s1 f "t to "t1 ,cossack =ces 7 s5t to *a/ise ! (f5d]s2 & 9 _m in/ances !y 7 puni%$ & _! t]ritories 7 annex$ to ,sib]ia4 ,9 ^! raids ! ,turkomans 7 ! mo/ active4 ,dur+ ! =ty ye>s previ\s to #ahgh x is e/imat$ t eighty ?\s& ,russian subjects & two hundr$ ?\s& ,p]sians 7 made captives & sold into slav]y4 ,9 #ahgc ! ,russians captur$ ,khiva & lib]at$ ?irty ?\s& ,p]sian slaves4 ,not)/&+ ^! lessons1 "s ( ! ,turkoman tribes /ill w5t on m>aud+ exp$itions1 robb+1 kill+1 & enslav+ _! neighbors4 ,s1 9 #ahgh1 ano!r /rong =ce ( ! ,cossacks 0 s5t aga9/ ! pillag+ tribes1 :o 7 made to release all slaves & aboli% slav]y4 ,little by little all ,turki/an became ,russian t]ritory4 ,bokh>a & ,khiva alone keep _! old =ms ( gov]nm5t1 b !y are practically ,russian /ates & pay ,russia annually a /ipulat$ tribute4 ,x is ?\ght t once ^u a "t ,sib]ia _h a mu* l>g] population ?an x has n[ & ! peoples :o liv$ !re dwelt f>!r nor?4 ,! fir/ coloni/s liv$ 9 ! /one age & 7 contemporane\s ) ! mammo?1 ^: rema9s are f\nd scatt]$ all ov] ! nor!rn "p ( ,sib]ia & ! adjac5t isl&s4 ,9 ! int]ior ^! rema9s are f\nd imb$d$ 9 ?ick /rata ( pure blue ice1 :i* is cov]$ by ! riv] gravels ( /reams t d n n[ exi/4 ,s ?ick are ^! lay]s ( ice t !y may be lik5$ to ! rocks f\nd 9 l[] latitudes4 ,sev]al ( ^! animals h be5 f\nd imb$d$ 9 ! ice 9 an almo/ p]fect /ate ( pres]vation1 & quantities ( _! tusks are obta9$ annually along ! nor!rn riv]s :]e ! spr+ fre%ets h worn away ! banks ( ! /reams4 ,:5ev] ! ivory-tusk hunt] sees ! end ( a tusk /ick+ out ( ! riv] bank1 he is soon able to remove x f its re/+ place ) pick & %ovel4 ,great quantities ( ?is fossil ivory are also obta9$ f ! isl&s to ! nor? ( ! ma9l&4 ,z 9 arctic ,am]ica1 ! gr\nd ( nor!rn ,sib]ia is froz5 solid to ! dep? ( _m feet1 & ev5 dur+ ! hotte/ summ] x ?aws d[n only a few in*es4 ,! climate is cont95tal 9 "*1 be+ m>k$ by fi]ce w9ds & great extremes bo? 9 temp]ature & moi/ure4 ,9 midsumm] ! temp]ature may rea* "o hundr$ & t5 degrees1 :ile 9 midw9t] x has be5 kn[n to rea* n9ety degrees bel[ z]o4 ,r\ghly speak+1 ,sib]ia may be divid$ into ?ree longitud9al belts3 fir/1 ! tundra1 :i* bord]s ! ,arctic ,ocean & ext5ds sev]al hundr$ miles s\? ( x2 second1 ! =e/ belt1 sev]al hundr$ miles wide1 :i* ext5ds across ! cont95t2 ?ird1 ! s\!rn "p1 consi/+ ( des]t /eppes1 swamps1 grassy pla9s1 & a few brok5 =e/s4 ,! tundra is a va/ l[l& pla9 :i* 9 w9t] is a desolate1 froz5 wa/e1 & 9 summ] a va/ swamp ( li*5s & arctic moss4 ,"h nature is embalm$ 9 et]nal fro/1 & life is a t]ror-inspir+ /ruggle ) cold & hung]4 ,9 spr+1 :5 ! sn[ is gone & ! gr\nd beg9s to ?aw1 ?\s&s ( geese1 ducks1 swans1 & o!r fea!r$ creatures appe>1 enliv5+ ! monoton\s sc5e = a few mon?s2 !n1 :5 ! %>p ,septemb] fro/s ann\nce ! approa* ( w9t]1 ) _! tundra-re>$ prog5y !y w+ _! way s\?w>d1 leav+ ! icy pla9s to ! w&]+ fox & ! arctic owl4 ,"o writ] speaks ( ! tundra z ! v grave ( nature1 ! sepul*re ( ! primeval _w1 because x is ! tomb ( s _m animals ^: rema9s h be5 protect$ f putrefaction = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,h[ int]e/+ w\ld x be c\ld ^! animals be br\ght to life & be end[$ ) suffici5t intellig5ce to relate ! hi/ory ( _! age & g5]ation6 ,! re9de] 9 ! valley ( ! ,l5a sp5d ! w9t] ne> ! =e/s1 b z ! spr+ advances !y migrate to ! ?\s&s ( isl&s 9 ! delta to escape ! heat & mosquitoes f>!r s\?4 ,to rea* _! de/9ation !y are oblig$ to swim across broad *annels ( wat]4 ,! animals h special places = cross+1 & on _! return s\? ! natives /ation !mselves at ^! places & slaught] !m 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,all ! swamps & m>%es ?r\gh\t ,sib]ia are ! bre$+ places ( innum]able mosquitoes1 :i* 9 summ] fly ov] ! c\ntry 9 su* d5se cl\ds z to r5d] life 9 c]ta9 sections almo/ unbe>able4 ,j nor? ( ,mongolia :]e ! ,y5isei ,riv] ent]s ,russian t]ritory is ! wond]fully int]e/+ f]tile prairie region ( ,m9us9sk4 ,be+ well wat]$ & %elt]$ on all sides by m\nta9s1 x is "o ( ! mo/ f]tile spots 9 all ,sib]ia4 ,"h ! dis9tegration ( gold-be>+ rocks has =m$ l>ge m9+ fields :i* are pr(itably work$4 ,9 ! vic9ity are also valuable iron m9es1 :i* 7 op5$ e>ly 9 ! prehi/oric p]iod1 & :i* are /ill work$4 ,illu/ration3 ,driv+ ov] ! tundra 9 w9t] ,because ( its delightful climate & special attractions = ! ar*aeologi/1 ?is *>m+ section is call$ ! ,italy ( ,sib]ia4 ,!re h be5 obta9$ f ! m\nds f\nd 9 ?is section _m ?\s& relics relat+ to prehi/oric man :i* exemplify 8 progress f ! /one age ?r\gh ! bronze to ! iron age4 ,?is f9e collection ( upw>d ( sixty ?\s& diff]5t articles is h\s$ 9 an impos+ & sub/antial museum erect$ 9 ! t[n ( ,m9us9sk4 ,?is build+ conta9s ! ri*e/ collection ( implem5ts repres5t+ ! bronze age 9 ! _w4 ,! =e/ belt is s imm5se t ! wood$ pla9s ( ! ,amazon %r9k into comp>ative insignificance4 ,= ! mo/ "p ^! great =e/s are compos$ ( ev]gre5 trees1 ! fir1 p9e1 l>*1 & pit*-p9e pr$om9at+4 ,9 _m localities !re are hundr$s ( squ>e miles ( p]fectly /raight p9e trees ( great height1 :]e nei!r man nor bea/ c\ld f9d ! way out4 ,ev5 exp]i5c$ trapp]s d>e n ent] ^! =e/s )\t blaz+ trees along _! pa?way1 s t !y may be able to extricate !mselves by retrac+ _! /eps4 ,9 ^! huge ev]gre5 solitudes !re is an inexhau/ible supply ( ! f9e/ timb] 9 ! _w4 ,9 e s5se ( ! ^w !y are solitudes2 = "o may travel scores ( miles )\t meet+ or he>+ ei!r bird or bea/4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! w> betwe5 ,japan & ,russia x 0 /ipulat$ t ,russia %\ld c$e to ,japan ! s\!rn "p ( ,sakhal9 ,isl&4 ,! cession 0 made 9 #aije4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ two ye>s a l>ge numb] ( ,russians & ,japanese 7 employ$ 9 m>k+ ! b\nd>y1 by cutt+ ?r\gh ! =e/ f ea/ to we/ a /rip "o hundr$ miles long & twelve miles wide4 ,! fir =e/s ( ! ,japanese portion1 cov]+ m ?an ?ree million acres1 are alone e/imat$ to be wor? =ty-five million doll>s1 to say no?+ ab\t ! ext5sive coal deposits & ! l>ge areas ( l& available = tillage4 ,( ! native peoples ( nor!rn ,sib]ia ! ,yakuts are ! mo/ num]\s4 ,!y resemble bo? ! ,eskimos & ! ,lapps4 ,!y occupy sev]al valleys1 includ+ t ( ! ,l5a ,riv] & a /rip along ! ,arctic ,ocean to ! we/4 ,s inur$ to cold are ^! p1 t :]e ! temp]ature ranges f n9ety degrees bel[ z]o to n9ety-?ree degrees above1 ! adults we> light clo?+ 9 ! dep? ( w9t] & ! *ildr5 sport nak$ 9 ! sn[4 ,! des]t zone includes a va/ region ea/ ( ! ,caspian ,sea & ext5ds to ! ,tian ,%an ,m\nta9s1 :i* sep>ate x f ! des]t ( ,gobi4 ,"h1 z 9 ! ,mohave ,des]t1 are f\nd ! leafless1 ?ickly sp9$ =ms ( ! cactus family4 ,a product peculi> to ,sib]ia & highly appreciat$ by ! inhabitants on acc\nt ( its edible qualities is ! c$> nut f\nd 9 all ( ! nor!rn =e/ region4 ,s great is ! dem& = ^! nuts t 9 ,tomsk alone ?\s&s ( tons are sold ea* ye>4 ,!y resemble p9e nuts4 ,a gum call$ l>*-tree sulphur1 *ew$ by bo? natives & settl]s1 is also obta9$ f ^! =e/s4 ,bee-keep+1 especially 9 ea/]n ,sib]ia1 is an important indu/ry :i* has be5 foll[$ f remote/ ages4 ,! annual yield ( honey is e/imat$ to be upw>d ( ?ree million p\nds4 ,! camel is usually associat$ ) ! hot des]t regions ( ! ,sah>a & ,arabia1 yet 9 ,sib]ia imm5se numb]s ( camels are us$4 ,x is n an uncommon sight to see !m 9 midw9t] haul+ sl$ges along froz5 roads & ice-cov]$ riv]s4 ,! ri*e/ gold fields are 9 ! swamp & =e/ sections ( c5tral ,sib]ia & 9 ! ,ural & ,altai ,m\nta9s1 al?\gh ! metal is widely scatt]$ all ! way f ! ,ural ,m\nta9s to ! ,pacific4 ,! ^w ,altai means gold4 ,! _w's supply ( plat9um virtually comes f ! gold-m9es ( ,sib]ia z a by-product4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! m9+ region1 z 9 ,alaska1 ! froz5 gr\nd mu/ be ?aw$ by fires be=e x c be work$4 ,! build+ ( ! ,trans-,sib]ian ,railroad has wr\ght a wond]ful trans=mation 9 ,sib]ia by giv+ a great impetus to agriculture & o!r k9ds ( bus9ess4 ,?is great a*ievem5t1 begun 9 #ahia1 0 practically complet$ 9 elev5 ye>s1 at a co/ ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five million doll>s4 ,subsequ5t "w1 toge!r ) equipm5t1 d\ble track+1 & ! build+ ( additional l9es1 has d\bl$ ! fir/ co/4 ,! ea/]n t]m9us ( ! ma9 l9e is ,vladivo/ock2 a bran* l9e across ,man*uria rea*es ,port ,ar?ur & ,dalny1 or ,tair51 z x is n[ call$4 ,! cont9u\s railway r\te f ,/4 ,pet]sburg to ,port ,ar?ur is five ?\s& six hundr$ & tw5ty miles1 f\r ?\s& five hundr$ miles ( :i* is 9 ,sib]ia4 ,! fir/ rails us$1 prov+ too light = ! trem5d\s traffic1 7 replac$ ) heavi] ones1 & ! road-b$ itself has be5 wid5$ & /r5g!n$4 ,! f>e on ! road is v reasonable4 ,= long di/ances x ranges f ab\t a c5t p] mile to less ?an half t rate1 accord+ly z "o travels fir/1 second1 ?ird1 or f\r? class4 ,rid+ fir/ class "o c secure sleep+ accommodations equal to ! be/ t "o f9ds on ! roads ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 addition "o may h ! luxury ( a ba?4 ,s9ce ! completion ( ! road ! gov]nm5t has done ev]y?+ possible to attract ,russian emigration f ,europe 9 ord] to settle & develop ! c\ntry4 ,! consum] 9 ,russia becomes a produc] 9 ,sib]ia4 ,! numb] ( ,russian emigrants :o h settl$ along ! l9e dur+ ! pa/ five ye>s w av]age "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& annually4 ,to />t ! ,russian f>m]s 9 ^! new regions ! gov]nm5t gives ea* man ( family a c]ta9 am\nt ( money or an equival5t 9 /ock & tools2 & 9 addition loans him small am\nts at a l[ rate ( int]e/1 to be repaid 9 five ye>s1 ) a proviso t if !re be bad crops ! "t w be ext5d$4 ,= ! ye> #aijh1 n9e million five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s 0 set aside to assi/ ! peasant f>m]s4 ,foll[+ 9 ! wake ( ! completion ( ! ,trans-,sib]ian ,railroad1 additional /eam]s h be5 plac$ on all ! l>ge riv]s to meet ! gr[+ dem&s ( comm]ce4 ,hundr$s ( /eam]s ply ^u ! riv]s dur+ ! op5 season1 b no vessels attempt ! r\te by way ( ! ,arctic ,ocean on acc\nt ( ! long di/ance & frequ5t ice ob/ructions4 ,illu/ration3 ,tra9 on ! /eppes ( ,russia ,dairy+1 n[ a mo/ important indu/ry ( ,sib]ia1 0 unkn[n be=e ! adv5t ( ! great railway4 ,to promote ?is indu/ry1 ! gov]nm5t has already exp5d$ m ?an a million doll>s4 ,at all ! pr9cipal places s*ools h be5 e/abli%$ 9 :i* ! be/ me?ods ( dairy-f>m+ are taught4 ,=tunately1 cattle diseases are practically unkn[n4 ,! f9e quality ( ! grasses1 toge!r ) ! improv$ me?ods ( manufactur+ br\ght ab\t by ! cream]ies1 causes ,sib]ian butt] to rank ) ! be/ products f\nd 9 ! ,european m>kets4 ,! dairy products are %ipp$ by rail to v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe1 l>ge quantities go+ to ,engl& & to ,d5m>k1 ! home ( dairy+4 ,sometimes ?ree hundr$ tons ( butt] p] week are %ipp$ to ,cop5hag5 & "o ?\s& tons to ,london4 ,upw>d ( eighty million p\nds are annually export$1 & x is said t by a little ex]tion fifte5 times ! am\nt c\ld be easily produc$4 ,! indu/ry is /ill only 9 its infancy4 ,9 ! ,tobol & ,i%im pla9s ( we/]n ,sib]ia are ! f]tile black-e>? regions cov]+ tw5ty-five million acres4 ,z yet1 !y are sp>sely settl$1 b !y are capable ( support+ half ! population ( ,russia4 ,two-?irds ( ! inhabitants ( ,sib]ia are ,russians1 & 9 timb]$ regions probably "o-half live 9 log h\ses1 = ^! are capable ( be+ made ! mo/ com=table dwell+s 9 ! _w4 ,_m exagg]at$ /atem5ts h appe>$1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 conc]n+ ! exile sy/em4 ,?is1 happily1 is n[ aboli%$1 z also h be5 ! cruelties practis$ by ^? 9 *>ge4 ,t !re h be5 great abuses no "o d5ies1 b ! conditions ( ! prisons c be p>allel$ bo? 9 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no m common crim9als are s5t to ,sib]ia4 ,transportation is n[ limit$ *iefly to escap$ convicts & to political & religi\s crim9als1 mo/ ( :om are s5t to ! isl& ( ,sakhal94 ,capital puni%m5t1 except 9 cases ( attacks on ! royal family & condemnation by c\rts-m>tial1 0 aboli%$ _m ye>s ago4 ,lake ,baikal is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable lakes 9 ! _w4 ,x is f\r hundr$ miles long & f tw5ty to sixty miles wide4 ,! lake is v deep1 &1 al?\gh situat$ 9 ! temp]ate zone1 is ! home ( a species ( arctic seal & tropical coral4 ,?is species ( seal is f\nd n[h]e 9 ,asian wat]s outside ( ! ,arctic ,ocean1 except 9 ?is lake & ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,imm5se quantities ( salmon ( diff]5t species ab\nd 9 ! lake1 & give rise to important fi%+ indu/ries4 ,9 w9t] ! lake is cov]$ ) ice sev5 feet ?ick4 ,cross+ is made by huge ice-break+ f]ryboats capable ( c>ry+ ?irty c>s & "o ?\s& m51 yet only dur+ a "p ( ! w9t] is ! boat able to navigate1 s p]si/5t is ! extreme cold4 ,! railway n[ ext5ds ar\nd ! s\!rn "p ( ! lake1 & cross+ by f]ryboats is n attempt$ :5 ! ice is ?ick4 ,asiatic ,russia includes ,transcaucasia1 :i* 0 p]man5tly annex$ to ! ,russian ,empire 9 #ahja4 ,?is great ,asiatic doma9 conta9s m ?an six million squ>e miles1 or ab\t twice ! size ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ,alaska4 ,not)/&+ ! millions ( squ>e miles ( arid des]ts1 irr$eemable swamps1 froz5 tundra1 & imp5etrable =e/s1 ! agricultural & m9]al res\rces ( ,sib]ia are almo/ beyond computation4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,my/ic ,,highl&s ,,( ,,asia ,! /atem5t t "o half ! _w does n "k h[ ! o!r half lives1 nor h[ x is influ5c$1 applies ) d\ble =ce to ! peoples liv+ on ! high plateau ( ,tibet beyond ! titanic ,himalayas4 ,"h is a va/ region only "o-tw5tie? ( :i* is cov]$ ) vegetation4 ,*a9s ( m\nta9s ) sn[-capp$ peaks encircle x1 & spurs f ! ma9 ranges1 toge!r ) less] ridges & isolat$ elevations1 div]sify its surface4 ,amid/ ^! desolate wa/es are f]tile valleys :i* are capable ( produc+ excell5t crops2 9 _m o!r sections good crops are produc$ by v primitive me?ods ( irrigation4 ,z a :ole ! plateau may be class$ among ! inf]tile regions ( ! e>?4 ,on acc\nt ( its great elevation1 ,tibet is (t5 call$ ! ro( ( ! _w4 ,/>t+ f its bord]s sev]al l>ge riv]s break ?r\gh its rocky ramp>ts1 among !m ! ,indus1 ,brahmaputra1 ,irawadi1 & ,hoang4 ,"s ( ! pla9s ( ! great plateau range f fifte5 to eighte5 ?\s& feet above sea level4 ,scatt]$ ov] ^! are s+le lakes & *a9s ( lakes1 _m ( :i* are salt4 ,^! va/ areas1 /orm-swept 9 w9t] & bak$ by heat 9 summ]1 are frequ5t$ by b&its & nomads4 ,!y live 9 t5ts made ( ! almo/ black hair ( ! yak1 & move f place to place ) _! flocks & h]ds to seek food = _! animals4 ,! /able population resides *iefly 9 ! few cities & villages4 ,= ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s a veil ( religi\s my/]y has %r\d$ ?is section ( ! _w2 & ! sacr$ city ( ,lasa ) its holy places has be5 d\bly gu>d$ aga9/ ! visits ( =eign]s4 ,?is my/]i\s l& has be5 able to ma9ta9 its position ( isolat$ seclusion because ( ! high m\nta9 b>ri]s t are mass$ 9 a s]ies ( gigantic walls on all sides4 ,x is approa*able only ?r\gh n>r[ passes t are con/antly gu>d$4 ,our k ( ! =bidd5 l&1 z x is call$1 has be5 obta9$ *iefly f adv5tur]s :o h travell$ ?r\gh x 9 disguise1 & f a few o!rs :o took m desp]ate *ances by =c+ _! way 94 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ ,b[]1 ,?orald1 ! ,littl$ales1 ,rockhill1 ,capta9 ,deasy1 ,sv5 ,h$91 & ,walt] ,savage ,l&or4 ,l&or 0 tak5 prison] by ! ,tibetans & suff]$ at _! h&s horrible tortures1 f ! effects ( :i* he w nev] recov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,dunk> ,spiti1 ,himalaya ,m\nta9s1 ,india ,because ! ,tibetans = _m ye>s _h insult$ ! gov]nm5t ( ,india & _h seiz$ t]ritory claim$ by x1 ,engli% troops "u ,colonel ,y\nghusb& 7 s5t aga9/ ! invad]s 9 #aijc1 & aft] sev]al sev]e battles rea*$ ! =bidd5 city ( ,lasa1 :]e a =c$ treaty 0 negotiat$ & sign$4 ,b on ! )drawal ( ! ,engli% troops ! policy ( exclusion 0 imm$iately resum$4 ,russia to-day has mu* great] influ5ce 9 ,tibet ?an has ,engl&4 ,! pres5t condition ( ,tibet resembles 9 _m respects t ( ,europe dur+ ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! c\ntry is "u ! suz]a9ty ( ,*9a1 :i* has a repres5tative call$ an amaban & sev]al ?\s& troops at ,lasa to ma9ta9 its claim4 ,?\gh an extremely try+ climate prevails on ^! highl&s1 ! h]mit-l1 prie/-ridd5 p "k no bett] home & are cont5t$ ) _! lot4 ,( its ?ree & "o-half million inhabitants1 "o 9 sev5 belongs to ! prie/ly class call$ lamas4 ,at ! head ( ?is prie/hood1 z well z at ! head ( ! /ate1 are two lead]s1 ! *ief "o1 ! ,dalai ,lama1 or ocean ( le>n+1 & ! o!r ! ,bogodo ,lama1 or preci\s tea*]4 ,) _! subord9ates1 ^! two are suppos$ to h p[] n only ov] life & dea?1 b ov] ! re9c>nation ( ! s\l & entrance to ! regions beyond rebir?4 ,?is isolat$ table-l& is ! seat ( a =m] ,buddhism bett] kn[n by ! "n ( ,lamaism4 ,a deep b crude religi\s feel+ ta9t$ ) ! grosse/ sup]/itions p]vades ! :ole p1 ^: ignorance ( o!r le>n+ is appall+4 ,:5 a p]son dies a lama mu/ be pres5t to see t ! s\l is prop]ly sep>at$ f ! body & to direct ! _s on its j\rney to p>adise2 ! lama mu/ also influ5ce its rebir? 9 a happy exi/5ce & provide = its entrance ^u ,nirvana1 or et]nal re/4 ,_m a m\nta9 conta9s holl[$-out cells 9 :i* h]mit monks sp5d _! lives 9 sil5t m$itation4 ,on an isl& 9 "o ( ! lakes1 :]e !y c be rea*$ only :5 ! lake freezes1 reside tw5ty monks4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is wild & maje/ic sc5]y ea* rock & /ream has its deity & sa9t1 toge!r ) its appropriate leg5d4 ,al?\gh ! ,buddhi/ monks d n believe 9 ,god z a creator1 _! religion dem&s audible & writt5 pray]s2 inde$1 pray]-:eels are frequ5tly us$ to facilitate ! repetition ( pray]s4 ,pray]s numb]+ hundr$s & ev5 ?\s&s are c>efully writt5 & plac$1 roll$ up1 9 drum-:eels1 :i* are revolv$ by w9d1 wat]1 or h& p[]4 ,ea* revolution ( a :eel is suppos$ to say all ! pray]s enclos$ 9 x4 ,_m pray]-:eels1 ea* ) appropriate pray]s1 are m\nt$ on axles & plac$ conv5i5t to frequ5t$ pa?s s t !y may be :irl$ ar\nd by ^? :o pass by4 ,o!rs provid$ ) suitable fans are plac$ :]e !y may be revolv$ by ! w9d4 ,sometimes wat] p[] is made to turn ! :eels1 b mo/ ( !m are made ( a size conv5i5t to be c>ri$ ab\t & op]at$ by h&4 ,! capital ( ,tibet & seat ( ! ,dalai ,lama is ,lasa1 situat$ 9 a pla9 ne>ly twelve ?\s& feet above sea level4 ,! city is surr\nd$ by a m>% & is rea*$ by a causeway rais$ above ! morass4 ,x has wide & regul> /reets1 ! pr9cipal build+s be+ made ( /one1 b ! majority ( ! /ructures are adobe & sun-dri$ brick4 ,?is int]e/+ city conta9s =ty-five ?\s& inhabitants1 two-?irds ( :om are monks4 ,/reams =m$ by ! melt+ sn[ c\rse d[n ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s1 flood+ ! pla94 ,at a di/ance ! city pres5ts an impos+ appe>ance ) ! adjac5t ,potala z ! cr[n+ glory4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! city /&s a ca!dral1 call$ ! ,jo-,kang1 :i* conta9s "o ( ! mo/ r5[n$ /atues ( ,buddha4 ,?is image1 ( life size1 is an object ( ! greate/ rev]5ce & adoration4 ,x is made ( a composition ( metals1 gold & silv] pr$om9at+4 ,prie/s are always 9 att5dance & lamps are con/antly burn+ be=e x4 ,! ro( ( ! temple is gild$ & ! int]ior is ri*ly furni%$4 ,situat$ 9 ! suburbs1 on a rocky elevation above ! pla9 :i* ov]looks ! city1 is a wond]ful gr\p ( build+s =m+ ! ,potala1 or palace ( ! ,dalai ,lama4 ,?is huge1 conglom]ate /ructure ( granite ris+ /ory above /ory to an imm5se height fasc9ates ! behold]1 :o m>vels at ! skill & pati5ce ( ! build]s4 ,z ?\gh to height5 its beauty1 ! ,potala is sep>at$ f ! city by a p>k ( grass & trees ab\t a mile wide1 mak+ ! /ately edifice look l a huge diamond encircl$ ) em]alds4 ,no?+ b a bl9d religi\s zeal c\ld h br\ght to completion su* a s]ies ( connect$ edifices ) _! miles ( halls1 c\rts1 corridors1 & labyr9?9e passageways4 ,scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ,tibet are upw>d ( ?ree ?\s& mona/]ies1 or lamas]ies4 ,"s ( !m are built 9 remote & inaccessible places & conta9 z _m z sev5 ?\s& monks4 ,ea* lamas]y has set ap>t = its use ! be/ l& 9 t vic9ity1 ! cultivation ( :i* is done by ! common p1 :o are little bett] ?an s]fs1 or peons4 ,x is a notable fact t 9 ?is /range l& !re are _m m m5 ?an wom51 al?\gh ! rev]se w\ld be expect$4 ,! support ( ! hordes ( lazy monks is a great incubus & ret>ds ! developm5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,! yak n only s]ves z a bea/ ( burd51 b furni%es milk1 butt]1 & meat ,! use ( wat] = cleans+ purposes seems to be no "p ( ! religion ( ! p2 !y nev] ba! _! bodies & seldom wa% ! face & h&s4 ,to protect !mselves f ! bit+ cold !y sme> _! faces ) rancid butt]1 :i*1 cat*+ ! smoke & du/1 adds to ! effectiv5ess z well z ! /r5g? ( ! odor4 ,_! homes & places ( wor%ip reek ) dirt & fil?2 small-pox1 ailm5ts ( ! eyes1 & o!r contagi\s diseases are preval5t4 ,h>elip1 9 a great measure due to lack ( prop] nutrition1 is a v common ailm5t4 ,9 lea!r & inlaid "w ! ,tibetans %[ great skill1 mu* ( ! decorative "w on ! h&les ( _! swords & dagg]s be+ v arti/ic4 ,! common p live 9 con/ant t]ror ( evil spirits 9 ?is _w & ( t]rible puni%m5ts 9 ! h]eaft]2 ! educat$ classes believe !y c drive (f or propitiate all evil influ5ces 9 ?is _w1 b fe> !y may be *ang$ 9 a future rebir? to "s vile =m ( be+4 ,9 g5]al1 ! p are trea*]\s & c[>dly4 ,= weapons ( def5ce !y use mat*locks2 9 fir+ !m1 ! weapon is held directly 9 front ( ! nose4 ,( dome/ic animals ! yak is "o ( ! mo/ useful1 s9ce x n only s]ves z a bea/ ( burd5 b furni%es ri* milk1 butt]1 & meat4 ,! long hair ( ! animal is us$ = mak+ ropes1 t5ts1 & clo?4 ,! yak resembles ! ox 9 body1 head1 & legs2 b x is cov]$ ) long1 silky hair :i* hangs l ! fleece ( an ,angora goat4 ,! long1 fl[+ hair ( ! tail rea*es ne>ly to ! gr\nd4 ,?\s&s ( ^! tails f9d _! way to ,india :]e !y are us$ = v>i\s h\sehold purposes4 ,wild yaks are f\nd 9 consid]able numb]s ne> ! limits ( p]petual sn[1 b at ! approa* ( w9t] !y desc5d to ! wood$ valleys j bel[ ! sn[ l9e4 ,dur+ ! summ] !y pa/ure on ! high] elevations4 ,9 _! wild /ate yaks are fi]ce & dang]\s4 ,be+ accu/om$ to high elevations1 !y fall sick & die :5 remov$ to ! l[l&s4 ,milk is obta9$ n only f ! yaks b f ! %eep & goats4 ,! %eep1 be+ ( l>ge size1 are frequ5tly us$ to be> small loads4 ,_m horses are rais$1 b !y are us$ *iefly = rid+4 ,tibet is ri* 9 gold1 & = ?\s&s ( ye>s ! preci\s metal has be5 wa%$ out ( its surface by ! crude/ ( me?ods4 ,9 fact1 gold is wa%$ f e riv] :i* has its s\rces 9 ! ,tibetan plateau4 ,mo/ ( x 9 "t f9ds its way to ,*9a4 ,silv]1 copp]1 iron1 lead1 & m]cury ab\nd 9 ! s\!a/]n "p & consid]able quantities are m9$4 ,traffic is c>ri$ on by means ( c>avans1 ! mo/ common pack animal be+ ! yak4 ,almo/ all ! comm]ce is controll$ by ,*9ese m]*ants1 & ! *ief article ( trade is tea1 :i* is receiv$ 9 ex*ange = wool1 hides1 musk1 amb]1 & gold4 ,! tea is an inf]ior k9d kn[n z brick tea1 be+ compos$ ( ! refuse1 /ems1 & leaves ( ! plants cem5t$ ) rice wat] & press$ into h>d bricks4 ,?is k9d ( tea is pref]r$ by ! ,tibetans1 :o brew x ) butt] & o!r +r$i5ts & consume ! entire concoction4 ,! tea trade am\nts to sev]al million p\nds annually4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,primal ,,home ,,( ,,! ,,s>ac5 ,:o has n _h ! y\?ful imag9ation fir$ by ! ,arabian ,nights8 ,! simplicity & lifelike reality ( ^! int]e/+ /ories1 made ev5 m fasc9at+ by _! ,ori5tal color1 appeal bo? to "y & old4 ,s great has be5 _! popul>ity t few works h be5 translat$ into s _m diff]5t languages1 :ile _! influ5ce on ! lit]ature ( ! pres5t day is felt 9 a m>k$ degree4 ,!y are m ?an ! luxuri\s fancies ( ! ,arab's m9d1 = !y vividly set =? ! love & hate1 ! craft & hypocrisy1 ! c\rage & rev5ge ( 8 race4 ,moreov]1 !y portray 9 a truly dramatic mann] ! inn]mo/ life & ?\ght ( ! ,moslem1 :ile !y captivate ! s5ses by a magnific5t panorama ( exquisite banquets1 lovely *>act]s1 *>m+ g>d5s1 & beautiful palaces4 ,! c\ntry & ! desc5dants ( ! race t creat$ ^! ma/]ly /oriettes are surely wor?y ( c>eful consid]ation4 ,a region t is ! bir?place ( a religion claim+ ne>ly two hundr$ million conv]ts scatt]$ all ov] ! _w mu/ possess a special int]e/4 ,we are apt to look askance at ev]y?+ ,arabic z bord]+ on ignorance & savag]y2 b if we /udy ! pa/ ( ?is al]t race we %all f9d a pr(usion ( hi/orical side lights t are valuable2 we %all also f9d 9 ,arabic lit]ature mu* to admire4 ,! ,arab is poetic & delights 9 imag]y4 ,!re are ,arabic poems dat+ back "o ?\s& ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era t = beauty ( ?\ght1 vigor1 & poli% are equal to ^? produc$ by any nation & 9 any age4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! ,arabs l$ ! _w 9 comm]ce1 exploration1 art1 sci5ce1 & lit]ature4 ,! secret ( _! successful conque/s 0 n 9 ! numb] ( _! soldi]s b 9 ! c\rage inspir$ by ! ,muhammadan religion4 ,dea? has no t]rors = ! fanatical ,moslem1 = to him x is ! ve/ibule ( p>adise :]e ! pleasures ( e>? await ^? :o fight 9 ! holy cause4 ,by nature ! ,arab is active1 vivaci\s1 & ke5-witt$4 ,he is pr\d ( 8 l9eage1 e>ne/1 & hospitable4 ,! "m n only takes c>e ( ! home b educates ! *ildr52 &1 /range z x may seem to ! outside _w1 illit]acy is practically unkn[n to ,arabia4 ,to ! ,arabic race we are indebt$ = our k ( ari?metic1 & _m ( ! pr9ciples ( algebra & geometry4 ,! p5dulum1 ! m>9]'s compass1 & ! manufacture ( silk & cotton textiles 7 introduc$ into ,europe by ! ,arabs4 ,!y claim to h us$ gunp[d] z f> back z ! elev5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ye> #gjf pap] 0 made at ,mecca & f !re its manufacture spread all ov] ! we/]n _w4 ,to !m we owe _m ( ! useful arts & practical inv5tions :i* 7 lat] br\ght to p]fection by o!r nations4 ,illu/ration3 ,khaib> ,pass1 ! gateway to ,india ,n[1 no "o is q c]ta9 ab\t ! ,s>ac5s z a p because ! "n has be5 v loosely us$4 ,x 0 appli$ by ,roman soldi]s to sev]al w&]+ tribes ( ,arabs :o 7 mu* accu/om$ to mi/ak+ o!r p's flocks ( %eep & h]ds ( cattle = _! own4 ,mo/ likely !re nev] 0 a ,s>ac5ic ,empire4 ,b !re c]ta9ly 0 a "t :5 ,arabians controll$ n only ! ,arabian p59sula1 b also ,syria & ! f]tile pla9s ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates ,riv]s z well2 & t great region became kn[n z ! ,l& ( ! ,s>ac5s4 ,f ,damascus to ,bagdad1 & f ! ,bab-el-,m&eb to ! ,gulf ( ,oman1 ! ,moslem 0 all-p[]ful4 ,let u glance at ! c\ntry itself4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,arabia is n a nation b a c\ntry made up ( petty /ates--"s indep5d5t1 "s controll$ by ! sultan ( ,turkey2 two or ?ree are includ$ 9 ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,b ! c\ntry itself is v f> remov$ f ! re/ ( ! _w s f> z accessibility is conc]n$2 & al?\gh its coa/ is sc>cely a gun%ot f ! greate/ trade r\te ( ! ,ea/1 ,arabia is to-day "o ( ! lea/-kn[n c\ntries 9 ! _w4 ,9 g5]al1 ! c\ntry is a mod]ately high table-l& bord]$ by l[ coa/ pla9s4 ,mu* ( x is an out-&-out des]t2 all ( x is arid4 ,long ago x 0 divid$ into ,arabia ,petraea1 ,arabia ,des]ta1 & ,arabia ,felix--t is1 ! rocky1 ! des]t1 & ! happy4 ,x is ne$less to say t ,arabia ! happy 0 ! "p receiv+ en\gh ra9fall to produce food/uffs4 ,! coa/-l9e ( ?is great p59sula is ne>ly z great z t ( ! ,atlantic & ,gulf coa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b 9 its entire ext5t1 n f> f f\r ?\s& miles1 !re is sc>cely a h>bor 9 :i* a good-siz$ fi%+ s*oon] c\ld f9d safe an*orage4 ,ev5 at ,ad5 a /eam%ip _c approa* )9 a qu>t] ( a mile ( ! %ore4 ,s "o w n be f> out ( ! way 9 designat+ ,arabia z an impassable c\ntry ) an impossible coa/4 ,x is e/imat$ t ab\t sev5 millions ( p live 9 ! entire p59sula4 ,to say t ^! belong to ! ,semitic race is m]ely to say t !y are d>k-sk9n$ & black-hair$4 ,! ,arab1 :e!r a m]*ant dwell+ 9 a city along ! coa/1 or a ,b$\9 w&]+ ) flocks & h]ds1 is a product ( ! des]t & ( ! tea*+s ( ,islam4 ,8 black eyes tw9kle ) %rewdness & he is a pa/ ma/] ( craft9ess4 ,z a trad] he is unsurpass$1 & ,arab trad]s control ! int]ior comm]ce ( we/]n ,asia & nor!rn ,africa j z ! ,*9ese control ! trade ( s\!a/]n ,asia4 ,z a ,b$\9 ( ! des]t ! ,arab is supreme 9 8 way4 ,savage & blood-?ir/y by nature1 if !re is no c>avan to rob or common enemy to fight1 neighbor+ tribes easily f9d cause = fight+ "o ano!r4 ,usually a qu>rel ov] pa/ure l&s 9 ! same locality furni%es an excuse = a feud t results 9 ! ext]m9ation ( "o tribe or ! o!r4 ,a hatr$ ( ^? :o are n foll[]s ( ! prophet is a h]itage ( all ,arabs4 ,! m]*ant class1 :o are weal?y & usually educat$1 may h tra9$ !mselves to conceal x1 b !y possess x4 ,ev5 to ! mo/ lib]al ,arab1 "o :o is n ( ! fai? ( ,islam is a dog ( an unbeliev]4 ,among ,b$\9s1 n to rob ! c>avan conta9+ ! belong+s ( a ,*ri/ian w\ld be a s94 ,!re is "o exception1 h[ev]2 if a ,b$\9 %eik agrees to convoy a p>ty ( unbeliev]s1 toge!r ) _! valuables1 ov] a robb]-infe/$ r\te1 he w c>ry out 8 b>ga9 fai?fully4 ,family ties among ! ,b$\9 ,arabs are mu* ! same to-day z !y 7 two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,! great-gr&fa!r1 gr&fa!r1 or fa!r1 z ! case may be1 is ! head ( ! family1 & 8 w is law4 ,! tribe is gov]n$ by a %eik1 :o is simply a boss4 ,he does n inh]it 8 (fice1 nor is he elect$ to x by popul> vote2 he elects himself because he is ! be/ man1 & he holds ov] = ! same reason4 ,! family mansion ( ! ,b$\9 is a t5t made ( goat-hair clo?4 ,"s t5ts occupy z mu* gr\nd z is cov]$ by a small cottage4 ,! t5t ( a %eik may be ri*ly furni%$ ) rugs & silk porti]es2 ord9>ily1 a co>se he>?-rug & a divan cov] are ab\t ! only furni%+s4 ,! cook+ ut5sils are primitive--"o or two kettles to a family2 & ( tablew>e !re is practically no?+ m ?an "o or two platt]s4 ,meat is freely eat5 & c(fee is commonly a "p ( ea* meal4 ,9 ! place ( bread1 fl\r ab\t z co>se z oatmeal is mix$ to a pa/e1 roll$ or beat5 into ?9 cakes1 & cook$ 9 hot butt]4 ,dates are almo/ always a "p ( ! food supply4 ,! camel has fir/ place 9 ! weal? ( ! ,b$\91 b %eep & goats 9 _m in/ances =m a "p ( 8 h]ds4 ,! t5ts ( a family are pit*$ :]e ! graz+ is good & ! families move ab\t z !y w4 ,all disputes are settl$ by ! %eik1 & he is apt to emphasize 8 decisions by ! free use ( 8 lance %aft4 ,:5ev] x becomes necess>y because ( poor graz+1 ! :ole clan or tribe may move to a di/ant place4 ,all h\sehold goods are wrapp$ 9 packs or put into saddle bags4 ,two or ?ree camels w readily c>ry ! t5t & luggage ( a family4 ,! wom5 are c>ri$ 9 litt]s2 ! m5 ride camels4 ,horses are r>ely ridd5 at su* times4 ,if a c>avan is to be plund]$1 h[ev]1 ! be/ horses are us$1 & 9 addition to 8 lance ! raid] c>ries a heavy knife4 ,p]haps a few fire>ms may be c>ri$1 b !y are g5]ally ei!r fl9tlocks or ! old] mat*locks4 ,x is only )9 a few ye>s t ! mod]n rifle ) metal c>tridge has f\nd favor ) ! ,b$\94 ,illu/ration3 ,a gr\p ( ,arabs ) _! drom$>ies ,! great ,arabian p59sula1 seem+ly s f> out ( ! _w1 produces _m ?+s1 "s ( :i* ! _w _c d well )\t4 ,fir/ ( all1 x is ! home ( ! camel4 ,p]haps a m awkw>d & unga9ly animal has n be5 dome/icat$1 b c]ta9ly none is m useful4 ,we are told by /ud5ts ( natural hi/ory t ! camel is ! desc5dant ( ! llama k9d :i* seems to h orig9at$ 9 ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,&es4 ,j h[ or :5 ! desc5t f ! ,new ,_w1 :i* is really ! ,old ,_w1 to ! ,old ,_w1 :i* is really ! ,new ,_w1 0 made we are n in=m$2 nev]!less1 x looks z ?\gh ! natural hi/ory /ud5t has ! "r end ( ! argum5t4 ,aft] ! animal got to ,arabia x develop$4 ,& :ile ! result may n h be5 v arti/ic1 no "o w d5y t x 0 good workman%ip2 = ! _w has nev] produc$ a m useful help] to mank9d4 ,practically all ! rid+ animals are ( ! "o-hump or ,arabian species4 ,!y are mu* l>g] & /rong] ?an ! two-hump animals4 ,"o v>iety is slim & comp>atively light 9 weight4 ,^! animals1 z a rule1 are tra9$ to a swift gait1 & are us$ solely z rid+ animals4 ,!y are call$ drom$>ies1 a ^w t means swift-runn]4 ,mo/ ( ! o!r species are re>$ = ! same purpose z dome/ic cattle4 ,"s are valuable z bea/s ( burd51 o!rs are %orn = _! coat+1 /ill o!rs are kept = _! milk & fle%4 ,a well-tra9$ drom$>y w sell = ?ree hundr$ doll>s & upw>d2 a pack animal r>ely br+s m ?an "o-f\r? z mu*4 ,! milk ( ! camel is equal to t ( ! be/ dome/ic c[s & is greatly priz$4 ,! hair ( sev]al species surpasses %eep's wool 9 texture & is us$ 9 ! f9] k9ds ( clo?1 & x is ! mo/ preci\s textile 9 high-pric$ ,ori5tal rugs & %awls4 ,ord9>ily1 h[ev]1 camel's hair is co>se & is us$ = ! *eape/ textiles4 ,arabia is ! s\rce f :i* a l>ge proportion ( ! camels us$ 9 ! c>avan trade ( ,asia & ,africa is obta9$4 ,f]m5t$ camel's milk is mu* us$ all ov] we/]n ,asia4 ,! ,arabian horse has be5 fam\s 9 lit]ature & 9 song = m ?an two ?\s& ye>s4 ,! di/rict ( ,nejd has be5 ! *ief bre$+ locality = ^! horses = _m c5turies4 ,contr>y to tradition1 h[ev]1 ev5 ! f9e/ animals are nei!r s l>ge nor s swift z ,am]ican ?or\ghbr$ horses4 ,! qualities t h made ! ,arabian horse fam\s are its beautiful proportions1 endurance1 & intellig5ce4 ,"y colts m+le freely ) _! own]s & att5dants1 & !y ne$1 !re=e1 only ! tra9+ to make !m saddle-wise2 !y require no break+4 ,br\ght up ) ! family & treat$ ) ! greate/ k9dness f its bir? ! colt le>ns to reg>d 8 ma/] z 8 be/ fri5d4 ,ord9>ily b little wat] is giv5 !m1 & !y are s well tra9$ t a good animal w g a :ole day 9 summ] & two days 9 w9t] )\t dr9k4 ,! pure1 full-blood ,arabian is nev] sold4 ,x may be acquir$ only by gift1 by capture 9 w>1 or by legacy4 ,animals ( mix$ bre$1 h[ev]1 are freely sold1 mo/ ( !m go+ to ,turkey & to ,india4 ,mo*a c(fee is ano!r product = :i* ,arabia is r5[n$4 ,! c(fee b]ry be>+ ?is "n is ( ! peab]ry v>iety--t is1 only "o ( ! two se$s )9 ! husk comes to maturity4 ,mo/ ( ! c(fee is gr[n 9 ,yem5 & ! adjo9+ vilayets1 & x receiv$ its "n because x 0 =m]ly m>ket$ at ! port ( ,mo*a4 ,( late ye>s x has be5 %ipp$ f ,hodeida4 ,! bus9ess is 9 ! h&s ( ,arab m]*ants1 & ! c(fee is c>ri$ to ,hodeida by c>avans4 ,on its way x is c>efully sort$ by h& into ?ree or m grades4 ,! f9e/ grade is sold to weal?y ,turki% cu/om]s at f ?ree to five doll>s p] p\nd2 ! inf]ior grades comm& prices v>y+ f ?irty c5ts to twice or ?ree times z mu*4 ,v little ( ! product ev] passes outside ( ,turkey4 ,all ! ,mo*a c(fee gr[n 9 ,yem5 w\ld n mu* m ?an supply ,new ,york ,city4 ,! pe>l fi%]ies along ! ,arabian coa/ ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf are also controll$ by ,arab trad]s4 ,f !re are obta9$ "s ( ! f9e/ pe>ls to be f\nd1 & also _m tons ( "m-(-pe>l %ells4 ,! ye>ly product ( ! fi%]ies is ?\ght to exce$ m ?an two millions ( doll>s 9 value4 ,! pe>ls are f\nd 9 a species ( oy/]1 & to obta9 !m ! div]s mu/ g to ! bottom 9 f ?irty to n9ety feet ( wat]4 ,exp]t div]s c rema9 "u wat] z long z two m9utes4 ,! oy/]s are tak5 a%ore to be op5$1 & ,turki% inspectors are on h& to levy a tax on ! product4 ,a few pe>ls may escape him1 especially if he is tempor>ily bl9d$ by ! gl>e ( sev]al pia/]s2 b ! pe>l indu/ry is tax$ = ab\t all t x is wor?4 ,mecca1 ! bir?place ( ! ,prophet ,muhammad1 is ! city to :i* e disciple ( ,islam is suppos$ to make a pilgrimage at lea/ once 9 8 lifetime4 ,! *ief income ( ! inhabitants ( ,mecca is obta9$ by r5t+ rooms & ent]ta9+ ! visit+ pilgrims :o flock ?i!r4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! city is ! s-call$ ,sacr$ ,mosque1 or area1 :i* is entirely enclos$ by a cov]$ /ructure ( colonnades hav+ m9>ets & cupolas4 ,)9 ! c5tre ( ?is enclos$ space is a cube-%ap$ build+ call$ ! ,kaaba1 :i* conta9s ! fam\s sacr$ ,black ,/one4 ,?is /one1 probably ( meteoric orig91 gives to ! build+ its sanctity1 & is an object ( ! greate/ v5]ation to e pi\s ,moslem1 :o kisses x repeat$ly4 ,!re is also )9 ! enclosure a build+ conta9+ ! holy well1 ,zemzem1 ! only well 9 ,mecca4 ,no unbeliev] is p]mitt$ to ent] ! sacr$ enclosure1 mu* less to pollute ! ,holy ,kaaba by 8 pres5ce4 ,a few infidels disguis$ z pilgrims1 at ! risk ( _! lives1 h visit$ ?is sacr$ place4 ,! prep>ations = pilgrimage are unique4 ,! pilgrims assemble ne> ,mecca dur+ ! holy mon? & beg9 ! sacr$ rites by ba?+ & assum+ ! sacr$ g>b4 ,?is suit consi/s ( two wooll5 wrapp]s1 "o worn ar\nd ! middle ( ! body & ! o!r ar\nd ! %\ld]s4 ,) b>e head & slipp]s cov]+ nei!r heel nor in/ep ! pilgrim sets =? on 8 holy j\rney4 ,:ile we>+ ?is dress he is admoni%$ to br+ 8 ?\ghts into h>mony ) ! sanctity ( ! t]ritory he n[ trav]ses4 ,he is n to %ave1 ano9t 8 head1 p>e 8 nails1 or ba! until ! end ( ! pilgrimage4 ,among ! v>i\s rites to be p]=m$ aft] rea*+ ,mecca is walk+ sev5 times ar\nd ! ,kaaba1 fir/ sl[ly1 !n quickly4 ,be=e leav+ ! city ! pilgrim dr9ks wat] f ! holy well1 ,zemzem4 ,_m pi\s pilgrims visit ,m$9a1 n[ ! t]m9us ( a railway1 be=e go+ on to ,mecca4 ,?is is ano!r ( ! sacr$ cities ( ,islam1 s9ce x is ! sc5e ( ,muhammad's labors aft] 8 hegira f ,mecca2 x also conta9s 8 tomb4 ,=m]ly no unbeliev] 0 p]mitt$ to trav]se ! /reets ( ,m$9a or look ^u ! tomb ( ! great prophet1 b t\ri/s are n[ all[$ )9 ! gates4 ,! city is enclos$ by a wall =ty feet high :i* is flank$ ) ?irty t[]s4 ,two ( its f\r gates are massive /ructures ) d\ble t[]s4 ,l ,mecca1 ,m$9a is support$ *iefly by pilgrims4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,sah>a ,an expanse ( l& z l>ge z ! ma9 body ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates /ret*es across ! nor!rn "p ( ,africa4 ,f ! ,atlantic ,ocean to ! ,r$ ,sea1 & f ! foot ( ! ,atlas ,m\nta9s to ! ,sudan1 x is a weird panorama ( rock wa/e--level1 rugg$1 %+ly1 & m\nta9\s1 accord+ to locality4 ,9 places only x is p5etrat$ by l>ge & p]man5tly fl[+ /reams4 ,on ! ea/]n bord]l& ! ,nile p\rs a mighty flood1 w9d+ a s9u\s passage along its self-made flood-pla91 ! ,egypt ( hi/ory4 ,9 ! we/ ! ,nig] has =c$ its way into ! conf9es ( ! des]t & !n1 z if rebuff$1 turns its c\rse s\?w>d4 ,?is great doma9 ( ! simoom has e div]sity ( surface4 ,! high] summits ( ! ,t>so ,m\nta9s are eight ?\s& feet above sea level2 ! ,%ott1 a *a9 ( salt lakes s\? ( ! ,atlas ,m\nta9s1 are ab\t "o hundr$ feet bel[ sea level4 ,! depression 9 :i* ^! lakes is situat$ probably 0 once ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,sidra2 b ! nev]-ceas+ w9ds h p>tly fill$ ! depression1 cutt+ (f ! head ( ! gulf 9 ! same mann] t w9d-bl[n s&s sev]$ :at is n[ ,imp]ial ,valley f ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia4 ,ar\nd ! br9y lakes are m>%es ( quicks&s1 & woe betide ! luckless travell] :o /rays to ! "o side or ! o!r ( ! beat5 trails4 ,unless help is at h&1 life w h nei!r joys nor tr\bles = him aft] a few brief m9utes ( /ruggle4 ,! ,sah>a prop] beg9s at ! s\? slope ( ! ,atlas ,m\nta9s4 ,:]e !re are no ,atlas ,m\nta9s1 x beg9s almo/ at ! ,m$it]ranean's edge4 ,9 ! valleys ( ! ,atlas & along ! ,m$it]ranean coa/ !re is a /rip ( f]tile l&1 wide "h1 n>r[ !re1 t produces gra9 & fruit4 ,! ,arabs call x ! ,tell4 ,beyond ! ,tell is ,sah-ra1 or ! ,sah>a4 ,?is is ! "n :i* ! ,arabs apply to ! ar*ipelago ( f]tile spots1 or oases4 ,beyond ! zone ( oases is ! des]t4 ,"o becomes in/antly & pa9fully aw>e t x is a des]t on leav+ ! la/ oasis4 ,g a ?\s& miles s\?w>d1 ea/w>d1 or we/w>d f ,tripoli1 & "o enc\nt]s b a s+le ?+--an ocean ( orange-color$ rock wa/e1 ! ,guebla ( ! ,arabs4 ,illu/ration3 ,on ! s&s ( ! des]t ,! des]t is a des]t = want ( wat] only4 ,!re is no lack ( nutrition 9 ! soil1 nor is !re any?+ 9 surface or temp]ature t makes a des]t unproductive4 ,temp]ature & w9ds rea* great extremes 9 fi]c5ess1 h[ev]4 ,! temp]ature ( ! air 9 ! noonday sun w (t5 exce$ "o hundr$ & =ty-five degrees2 x may rea* "o hundr$ & fifty-five degrees4 ,9 ! %ade x frequ5tly climbs to "o hundr$ & ?irty degrees 9 ! vic9ity ( ! tropics4 ,unless "o is at a consid]able altitude !re is n mu* relief at night1 ?\gh ! !rmomet] may drop to n9ety degrees4 ,f>!r nor?1 h[ev]1 & at an altitude ( five ?\s& feet or m1 ! temp]ature ( ! night is ev5 m cruel ?an t ( ! day4 ,imm$iately aft] sunset a %>p *ill becomes p]ceptible4 ,at fir/ x is a welcome relief f ! intol]able heat4 ,by n9e o'clock x beg9s to cut l a /iletto1 & at midnight ! wat] susp5d$ 9 %all[ di%es cl9ks into ice4 ,! driv]s burr[ deep into ! s& & wrap wooll5 b>acans ab\t !m2 ! camels %iv] & ev5 blubb] l :ipp$ bullies4 ,! air is s dry1 h[ev]1 t ! extreme heat ( day is by no means insupportable4 ,sun/roke is almo/ unkn[n1 & ev5 ! trag$y ( p]i%+ = want ( wat] is v r>e2 = ! c>avan driv]s "k j :]e to f9d wat]1 & !re are _m hidd5 wat]+ places t are kn[n to ! crafty ,tu>egs & ,b$\9s4 ,_m ( ! wat]+ places are wells t h be5 sunk 9 v>i\s localities along ! c>avan trails4 ,! int5se heat1 great dep? ( rock wa/e1 & dry air are n favorable to ! above-gr\nd fl[ ( riv]s4 ,b ne>ly e riv] has an und]gr\nd fl[ t is pretty likely to exi/ all ! ye> r\nd4 ,"o may foll[ a /ream ( consid]able volume d[n ! s\!rn slope ( ! ,atlas ,m\nta9s4 ,! volume ( wat] gr[s less & less until at la/ x app>5tly disappe>s4 ,n all is lo/ by evaporation1 h[ev]2 possibly ! great] "p s9ks into ! por\s rock wa/e4 ,& ! rock wa/e8--p]haps x may be tw5ty1 fifty1 or "o hundr$ & fifty feet deep4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! wat] s9ks until x rea*es b$ rock or clay ?r\gh :i* x _c pass4 ,!n x fl[s along :at may once h be5 an above-gr\nd *annel until fi]ce w9ds & cl\d-bur/s buri$ x deep4 ,b ! half-savage dwell]s ( ! des]t "k j :]e to tap ^! und]gr\nd res]voirs & /reams2 ev5 ! dumb animals "k in/9ctively :]e to look = wat]4 ,x is m]ely a "q ( in/9ct c\pl$ ) exp]i5ce1 & ! animal's judgm5t is ab\t z good z ! man's4 ,:5 "o f9ds ! spot1 x is necess>y only to dig4 ,! wat] may be two feet bel[ ! surface or x may be t5 feet4 ,:5 ! moi/ s& is rea*$ ! task is half ov]4 ,a foot or two m & ! hole beg9s to fill4 ,! wat] is hot1 bracki%1 & repulsive to ! ta/e1 b x is wat]--& 9 ! des]t1 wat] is wat]6 ,! simoom is also an in/itution ( ! des]t4 ,! simoom is unmi/akably a w9d1 & surely no "o :o has n _h ! exp]i5ce c appreciate x4 ,ev5 ! ,we/ ,india hurricanes or ! typhoons ( ! ,*9a ,sea are m k9dly4 ,!y h pl5ty ( de/ructive en]gy1 x is true1 b ! simoom has all ?is & mu* else besides4 ,x comes n )\t w>n+1 b ! w>n+ & ! w9d are n f> ap>t4 ,! approa* ( ! simoom is a d5se black cl\d ( :irl+ & see?+ f9e du/4 ,z x /rikes "o1 ! *ok+1 suffocat+ bla/ ( hot air & du/ ov]comes ev]y?+ t has life4 ,! c>avan m5 & ! animals z well turn _! backs to ! w9d & lie d[n ) faces close to ! gr\nd4 ,9 a m9ute or two ! full /r5g? ( ! bla/ is on & ! simoom is pick+ up n only ! f9e rock wa/e1 b ! co>s] fragm5ts z well1 & is hurl+ !m along at ,empire ,/ate ,express velocity4 ,"o might z well try to face a hail ( lead5 bullets4 ,x is a cruel bla/ t nei!r animal nor human be+ c )/&4 ,! camels cr\* ) _! heads po9t+ away f ! w9d & no/rils close to ! gr\nd2 _! driv]s lie prone ) faces 9 little holl[s scoop$ 9 ! s&4 ,p]haps ! full bla/ ( ! simoom may la/ an h\r--p]haps two or ev5 ?ree h\rs4 ,9 light] /ra9 x may cont9ue a :ole day4 ,:51 f9ally1 x ceases ! air is ?ick ) f9e du/2 "o c see sc>cely a rod away4 ,sun & sky are hidd51 & ! blackness ( a tornado or ( a ,london fog prevails4 ,! f9e du/ float+ 9 ! air may n settle = sev]al days4 ,p]haps a week aft]w>d !re may be a haze t p>tly obscures ! sun4 ,! du/1 f9] ?an ! f9e/ fl\r1 p]vades ev]y?+ 9 ! des]t4 ,"o's clo?+ is full ( x2 "o's hair becomes h>% & matt$2 ! sk9 becomes r\gh1 cracks & peels2 ! eyes are inflam$2 m\?1 lips1 & no/rils are swoll54 ,b ! great bodily discom=t result+ f ! simoom does n la/ =ev]2 x gives place to bodily irritation ( "s o!r sort1 :i* is inde$ a grateful *ange m]ely because x is a *ange4 ,! s& dunes ( ! ,sah>a are int]e/+ to ^? :o are n compell$ to travel among !m1 b to ! un=tunates :o trav]se !m !y are almo/ he>t-break+4 ,imag9e oneself /&+ on an elevation a few hundr$ feet high] ?an ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,!re is b "o l&scape--waves ^u waves ( ! loose rock wa/e1 = conv5i5ce call$ s&1 z f> z ! eye c rea*4 ,sometimes ! waves are 9 long w9dr[s1 b (t5] !y are %ort & *oppy l ! surface waves ( midocean4 ,unlike ! ocean waves1 9 :i* only ! =m moves =w>d1 :ile ! wat] compos+ x moves up & d[n only1 ! s& dune & ! mat]ial ( :i* x is compos$ are bo? mov+ 9 ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,a breeze ev5 ( five or six miles an h\r w keep ! light] surface du/ mov+ freely1 :ile a twelve-mile w9d w n only sweep along mu* l>g] p>ticles b x also c>ries m ( !m4 ,& j z ! surface1 or sk91 friction =ms waves at ! surface ( wat]1 x also piles ! des]t s& 9 wave-l dunes4 ,! loose bits ( rock wa/e are c>ri$ along1 up ! w9dw>d slope ( ! dune until !y roll ov] its cre/1 :]e1 no long] impell$ by ! w9d1 !y come to re/4 ,?us1 ! cre/1 built =w>d by new mat]ial con/antly add$1 is advanc+4 ,valleys are fill$2 old /ream *annels are oblit]at$2 & ! inequalities ( ! surface are levell$ (f until ! :ole l&scape is "o ( %ift+1 drift+ s&4 ,not)/&+ all ^! drawbacks1 ! ,sah>a & ! arid l&s s\?w>d to ! ,sudan are by no means de/itute ( life & weal?4 ,x is an almo/ univ]sal cu/om to speak ( ! b>r5 condition ( ! des]t4 ,! contr>y is ! tru?2 !re is no soil else:]e s f]tile & productive4 ,x is va/ly sup]ior ev5 to ! soil ( ! l&s reclaim$ f ! bottom ( ! ,nor? ,sea4 ,wat] is ! magic w& t makes ! s&s ( ! ,sah>a br+ =? crops t are m>vell\s bo? 9 quantity & quality4 ,no fruit gr[n else:]e 9 ! _w c comp>e ) t gr[n on des]t l&s1 & ! ,fr5* eng9e]s are plann+ ! means :]eby wat] may be obta9$4 ,surface wat] t is available to irrigate ! wa/es ( ! ,sah>a does n exi/4 ,! level ( ! ,nile is s f> bel[ ! surface on bo? sides ( its own flood-pla9 t its wat]s _c be us$ = ! reclamation ( any "p ( ! ,libyan ,des]t1 & ! same is practically true ( ! ,nig]1 :i* b>ely m ?an t\*es ! bord]s ( ! ,sah>a4 ,! few wadys1 or dry wa%es1 are de/itute ( wat] except :5 a cl\d-bur/ may fill !m2 b ?is happ5s at int]vals ( ye>s only4 ,! eng9e] takes into 8 confid5ce a c>avan driv]--p]haps an ,arab1 possibly a ,b]b]1 b q z likely a slave4 ,& ! long exp]i5ce has taught ! c>avan man :]e to f9d ! preci\s wat]4 ,! eng9e] !n br+s 8 sci5ce into play & drives an artesian well4 ,! well ?us driv5 may be a gu%]1 b = mo/ ( !m pumps are requir$ to raise ! wat] to ! surface4 ,! be/ well1 h[ev]1 furni%es wat] en\gh to irrigate b a v small area4 ,inde$1 all ! l&s ( ! ,sah>a toge!r irrigat$ by artesian wells w\ld make an area sc>cely l>g] ?an ! ,/ate ( ,delaw>e1 & all ! wat] ?us obta9$ w\ld n supply ,new ,york ,city6 ,nev]!less1 ! wat] obta9$ by artesian wells has prov$ a great bless+ to ! dwell]s ( ! des]t4 ,if ! wat] is f\nd along "o or ano!r ( ! num]\s c>avan r\tes1 an increase 9 c>avan comm]ce is apt to result1 = along _m r\tes ! volume ( c>avan comm]ce dep5ds v l>gely on ! numb] ( wells4 ,! location ( artesian wells has also l$ to ! op5+ ( trade along new r\tes z well1 = :]ev] wat] c be f\nd !re w be camels to dr9k x4 ,! date palm is ess5tially a plant ( ! des]t1 or1 r1 ( ! oasis4 ,n[h]e else does x gr[ 9 su* pr(usion z 9 nor!rn ,africa4 ,! numb] ( productive trees !re is e/imat$ to be any:]e f t5 million to tw5ty million1 ?\gh ! e/imate is b little bett] ?an a guess4 ,at its full gr[? ! date palm is a mo/ beautiful object4 ,usually ! fea!r$ tops ( ! trees are ! only foliage to relieve ! h>% l&scape4 ,l ! bamboo1 e "p ( ! tree is us$4 ,! leaves may be made into fans1 or %r$d$ & wov5 into mats4 ,! wood is us$ 9 mak+ ! framework ( build+s1 & ! wa/e mat]ial is v h&y z fuel4 ,a refre%+ f]m5t$ dr9k & a mo/ vile liquor are prep>$ f ! juice4 ,b ! fruit1 :5 prop]ly prep>$1 is ! *ief food ( _m ?\s&s ( m5 & bea/s4 ,ev5 ! /ones1 or pits1 ( ! dri$ fruit are useful2 ^? :i* are n s5t to ,italy to be us$ = adult]at+ c(fee are made into an oil-meal = fodd]4 ,esp>to grass1 call$ alfa or halfa by ! ,arabs1 is ano!r unique product ( ! ,sah>a4 ,9 spite ( its "n1 x is n a grass b a fl[]+ plant ^: /alk has a t\gh fibre useful 9 mak+ cordage & pap]4 ,:5 ! plant turns br[n & has become dry to ! root1 ! esp>to pick] gets busy4 ,by f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+ he is at "w1 8 heavy wooll5 b>acan1 or blanket1 wrapp$ tightly ab\t him1 = ! air is n only *illy b almo/ freez+ cold4 ,by sunrise ! *ill beg9s to disappe>1 & a few brief mom5ts is ! only int]val betwe5 pi]c+ *ill & midsumm] heat4 ,! b>acan is quickly %$ & ! fez1 if ! pick] is ri* en\gh to possess "o1 is disc>d$ = an esp>to hat ) rim ( mammo? proportions4 ,esp>to grass s&als protect 8 feet4 ,almo/ all ! animal life ( ! ,sah>a is deadly1 & ! esp>to grass pick] is con/antly fac+ dang]4 ,! clump ( esp>to1 into ! bottom ( :i* he mu/ rea* to cut ! mature /alks1 is q likely to be ! lair ( a poison\s vip]2 & if ! reptile s9ks its fangs into ! fle% ( ! un=tunate pick]1 long weeks ( suff]+ & disability--p]haps dea?--are 9 /ore = him4 ,betwe5 ! bite ( a rattl] & t ( an esp>to vip] !re is little to *oose4 ,! scorpion is ano!r p]il to ! esp>to pick]4 ,! great rock-scorpion ( ! ,sah>a is ab\t z ugly z ! c5tip$e ( ,arizona & ,mexico2 9 size x is also ab\t z l>ge--f six to t5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,its /+1 too1 is ab\t z dang]\s z ! fangs ( ! rattl]4 ,b ! esp>to pick] has a me?od ( h]oic treatm5t = bo? ! bite ( ! vip] & ! /+ ( ! scorpion4 ,he squats calmly ^u ! s& :ile a bro!r pick] cuts out ! fle% t has be5 pi]c$4 ,if he survives ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs foll[+1 he is pretty likely to pull ?r\gh4 ,if n--well1 ! vultures "k :5 & :]e to look4 ,! esp>to grass is deliv]$ to ! ne>e/ local m>ket compress$ 9 bales ( five or six hundr$ weight1 held toge!r by a co>se nett+ ( esp>to weave1 & %ipp$ to ,europe4 ,ne>ly all ( x goes to ,great ,brita94 ,!re x is %r$d$ & made into cordage1 co>se clo?1 or pap]4 ,b ! esp>to has a rival s f> z its use 9 mak+ pap] is conc]n$4 ,! wood pulp ( ,norway & ! ,unit$ ,/ates is sl[ly displac+ x1 & 9 "t esp>to w be b little us$ except = mak+ cordage or gunny clo?4 ,already ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t is hav+ tr\bles ( its own 9 provid+ employm5t = ! esp>to pick]s1 b x is n likely t su* a useful plant w be disc>d$2 on ! contr>y1 its use is likely to increase 9 ! future4 ,! camel is ! in/itution ^u :i* ! comm]ce ( ! des]t dep5ds4 ,a m awkw>d1 unga9ly bea/ c h>dly be imag9$--a %ambl+ collection ( humps1 bumps1 knobs1 protrud+ jo9ts1 & sprawl+ legs seem+ly atta*$ to a head & neck 9 ! ne> =egr\nd4 ,b t %ambl+ gait w c>ry a load ?ree times z heavy z ! /\te/ pack mule c be>1 & x w c>ry x twice z f> 9 a day4 ,a horse or a mule mu/ be f$ twice a day1 b a camel w worry along = a week at a "t ) no?+ m sub/antial ?an its cud4 ,horses & mules _c trav]se regions :]e ! wat]+ places are m ?an twelve h\rs ap>t1 unless wat] be c>ri$ 9 /orage2 b ! camel is its own /orage res]voir1 & c c>ry a supply suffici5t to la/ = t5 days4 ,at ! end ( 8 week ( fa/+ ! hump ( ! camel has %runk5 to a fraction ( its =m] size4 ,:5 ! animal has a few days ( fe$+ ! hump gr[s to its =m] proportions aga94 ,inde$1 ! hump is m]ely a mass ( nutrition ready to be =m$ into fle% & blood4 ,illu/ration3 ,a c>avan cross+ ! des]t on ! road to ,jaffa ,)9 ! paun* ( ! animal & surr\nd+ its /oma* are great numb]s ( cells capable ( hold+ sev5 or eight gallons ( wat]4 ,:5 ! camel dr9ks copi\sly ^! cells become fill$ & aft]w>d sl[ly give up ! wat] z ! /oma* requires4 ,x may be truly said t ! camel is a camel because ( ! des]t & n 9 spite ( x4 ,! sp>se population ( ! ,sah>a--,arabs1 ,b]b]s1 & negroes--are dep5d5t ^u ! camel1 = until ! railway %all trav]se ! ,sah>a ! camel w be practically ! only means ( transportation4 ,! camel's fle% furni%es ab\t ! only meat consum$ by ! dwell]s ( ! des]t1 = ord9>y cattle c live only 9 a few localities along ! des]t bord] l&s4 ,! native p ( ! des]t are ma9ly ( ! race to :i* ! ,arabs also belong1 al?\gh !re are _m ,arabs & negroes4 ,! ,tu>egs & ,b$\9 ,arabs are ! be/ kn[n4 ,! ,tu>egs are ?\ght to be ! desc5dants ( ! ,b]b]s & ( ! same race z ! ,c>?ag9ians1 :om ! ,romans _m times defeat$ b nev] conqu]$4 ,!y h :it] sk9s ?an ! ,arabs & 9 appe>ance are p]haps ! f9e/ peoples ( ,africa4 ,!y are also ! mo/ f]oci\s & blood-?ir/y villa9s on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,_m ( !m live 9 ! :ite-wall$ cities su* z ,ghadames1 ,k&1 & ,timbuktu--all l>ge c5tres ( population4 ,_! gov]nm5t is well organiz$4 ,ea* ( ! l>g] tribes is gov]n$ by a sultan1 & 9 ea* !re are sev]al ca/es--a sort ( nobility ( unmix$ ,tu>eg blood be+ at ! head & negro slaves at ! l[] end ( ! social ladd]4 ,! families ( ! highe/ ca/e are usually well-to-d1 & bo? ! m5 & ! wom5 are taught to read & write4 ,! g>m5ts usually worn by a ,tu>eg man consi/ ( :ite tr\s]s1 a gray tunic ) :ite sleeves1 s&als ( ornam5t$ lea!r1 & a :ite turban4 ,:5 away f home ! ,tu>eg cov]s ! l[] half ( ! face by a clo? mask4 ,! usual occupation ( ! ,tu>egs is tw(old--to gu>d c>avans or to rob !m4 ,! av]age ,tu>eg is p]fectly indiff]5t z to :i* he does4 ,a c>avan f ! ,sudan ent]s1 we w say1 ,kano4 ,! g>fla %eik pack ma/]1 or sup]9t5d5t1 goes at once to ! f9ancial ag5t ( ! sultan & pays ! usual lik51 or t>iff *>ges4 ,!n he goes to ! sultan himself & incid5tally leaves 9 8 possession a g5]\s money pres5t4 ,!n1 if he desires1 he may hire half a doz5 or m gu>ds4 ,! hir+ ( ^! w insure ! c>avan aga9/ !ft or robb]y on ! "p ( ! pr$atory b&s liv+ at ,kano4 ,! gu>ds w also fai?fully def5d ! c>avan 9 case ( attack by ,b$\9 ,arabs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 %\ld ! g>fla %eik =get ! pres5t to ! sultan1 or neglect to hire gu>ds1 ^? same ,tu>egs w\ld be ! fir/ to attack & loot ! c>avan4 ,! ,b$\9 ,arab is ! *ief trial ( ! c>avans4 ,he is always a foe to !m2 & al?\gh he o/5sibly h]ds camels & horses1 8 real occupation is robb]y & pillage4 ,= days nomadic ,arabs w foll[ a c>avan1 keep+ always out ( sight4 ,mo/ likely a b& ( a doz5 or m m\nt$ on swift horses w survey ! c>avan f a di/ance at :i* !y are n likely to be discov]$4 ,!n !y make _! way ahead ( x to "s po9t :]e a dune or a gully w conceal !m4 ,!n1 j z ! end ( ! c>avan drags by1 !re is a sudd5 sortie & a rattl+ musket fire4 ,& be=e ! gu>ds c ga!r to ! def5ce half a doz5 camels are cut out ( ! tra91 a driv] or two is %ot d[n or pi]c$ ) assegais1 & bo? ! robb]s & _! loot are beyond ! rea* ( ! gu>ds4 ,b p]haps ! greate/ value ( ! des]t is its effect ^u ! climate ( ,europe4 ,hot w9ds bl[ f ! ,sah>a 9 all directions2 ! nor!rly w9ds1 cross+ ! ,m$it]ranean1 are n only temp]$ !reby1 b ! des]t bla/s temp]$ & fill$ ) moi/ure f9ally rea* ! s\!rn slopes ( ,europe1 :]e !y conv]t ! nutrition ( ! soil into b\ntiful crops ( corn1 w9e1 & oil4 ,! conque/ ( ! great ,african des]t is already 9 sight1 & ! railway w be its ma/]4 ,! ,cape to ,cairo l9e is no long] a vision ( ! future2 ! ends ( its two p>ts are rapidly %ort5+ ! int]val t sep>ates !m & !y are almo/ 9 sight ( ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! l9es t are project$ f ! ,m$it]ranean coa/ %all h trav]s$ ! /ronghold ( ! ,tu>egs to p5etrate ! weal? ( ! ,sudan & ! ,kongo1 ! ,sah>a w h become m]ely an incid5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,pol> ,,regions--,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,arctic ,except+ ! arctic & ! ant>ctic regions1 ) _! =tifications ( et]nal ice & sn[1 intrepid explor]s h made kn[n ne>ly e "p ( ! _w4 ,!re ,giant ,fro/ gu>ds 8 froz5 secrets & defies man to wre/ !m f him4 ,_m a h]o has p]i%$ 9 endeavor+ to solve ! ,sph9x-l riddle ( nor!rn l&s & seas4 ,_m a gallant %ip has f\nd its grave 9 nor!rn ice-clad wat]s4 ,yet !re has nev] be5 a lack ( adv5tur\s spirits to cont9ue ! "w4 ,b "o aft] ano!r ! /rongholds ( nature h gradually yield$ to p]si/5t attacks4 ,especially is ?is true ( ! arctic regions1 ( :i* n m ?an two million squ>e miles ( sea & l& rema9 to be explor$4 ,buffet$ by adv]se w9ds & float+ ice-fields1 v5tur\s explor]s h drawn ne>] & ne>] to ! nor? pole4 ,aga9 & aga91 ! attack has be5 r5ew$1 until1 aft] half a lifetime1 ,rob]t ,e4 ,pe>y1 an (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates navy1 made a brilliant da% & plant$ ! national ensign at ! pole4 ,! /ory ( arctic exploration & discov]y is fill$ ) int]e/4 ,x is pa!tic1 tragical1 & calculat$ to awak5 ! deepe/ emotions4 ,nev]!less1 x is enliv5$ by brilliant exploits1 de$s ( d>+1 & acts ( h]oism4 ,= _m ye>s ! se>* = a nor!rn passage to ,india 9 ! fur!rance ( comm]ce 0 ! *ief inc5tive to arctic exploration4 ,ev5 m ?an a c5tury be=e ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica1 two ,v5etian bro!rs nam$ ,z5o s\ght a nor?we/ passage to ! ,ori5t1 believ+ t ! difficulties 9 navigat+ x w\ld be (fset by ! %ort5+ ( ! r\te4 ,! success a*iev$ by ,spa9 dur+ ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies 9 discov]y1 conque/1 & colonization incit$ ,engl& to f9d a nor?we/ passage1 9 ! hope t su* a r\te1 by %ort5+ ! di/ance to ! ,ea/ ,indies1 w\ld ext5d h] comm]ce4 ,aft] ! discov]y ( ! ma9l& ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,seba/ian ,cabot1 "u ! patronage ( ,h5ry ,,vii1 plann$ a voyage to ! nor? pole1 ?9k+ t w\ld be ! be/ r\te to anci5t ,ca?ay4 ,he proce$$ only z f> z ,davis ,/rait2 !n1 becom+ disc\rag$ by ! imm5se fields ( ice1 he turn$ ! pr[ ( 8 vessel homew>d4 ,soon aft]w>d ! ,muscovy ,company ( ,london s5t out an explor+ exp$ition ) in/ructions to f9d a nor?we/ passage4 ,?is exp$ition1 tak+ a diff]5t r\te f its pr$ecessors1 rea*$ ,nova ,zembla4 ,b ! ice-fields =c$ ! vessel back to ! %ores ( ,lapl&1 & ! %ip 0 nev] spok5 ( aga94 ,ye>s aft]w>d ! %ip's company 7 f\nd froz5 9 dea?4 ,next 9 importance came ! r5[n$ ,frobi%]1 a /rong advocate ( a nor?we/ r\te4 ,he made ?ree voyages to ! ,arctic ,ocean1 ! la/ two be+ "u ! patronage ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,frobi%] believ$ t fabul\sly ri* fields ( gold exi/$ 9 ! nor?1 & 8 exp$ition 0 organiz$ = ! purpose ( discov]+ !m4 ,8 se>* = preci\s metals 0 fruitless1 b he add$ mu* to ! _w's k ( pol> regions1 & he has be5 rememb]$ 9 ! /rait t be>s 8 "n4 ,! ,muscovy ,company aga9 s5t out an explor+ vessel1 ?is "t "u ! able navigator ,h5ry ,hudson1 ) ord]s to g direct to ! nor? pole4 ,he did 8 be/ to c>ry out 8 in/ructions &1 sail+ along ! nor!rn %ore ( ,spitzb]g51 rea*$ latitude #ha deg4 #cj' nor?4 ,f9d+ ! r\te utt]ly impracticable1 he return$ home4 ,9 all1 ,hudson sail$ on f\r voyages ( discov]y1 twice 9 ! employ ( ,engli% companies & twice 9 ! employ ( ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,9 "o ( 8 voyages "u ! ,dut*1 aft] advanc+ z f> nor? z he deem$ prud5t1 he turn$ s\?w>d & cruis$ along ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,ent]+ ,new ,york ,bay1 he proce$$ up ! broad riv] t n[ be>s 8 "n1 believ+ at fir/ t he _h f\nd ! covet$ %ort r\te to ,india4 ,soon he 0 undeceiv$1 = z he w5t f>!r up he f\nd ! seem+ passage to be m]ely a l>ge riv]4 ,he gave 8 employ]s su* a gl[+ acc\nt ( ! valley ( ! ,hudson ,riv] t ! m]*ants ( ,holl& s5t out %ips to e/abli% trad+ po/s along ! riv] & to trade ) ! ,indians4 ,on 8 f\r? voyage1 :ile seek+ a passage nor?we/1 he discov]$ ! /rait & ! bay bo? ( :i* be> 8 "n4 ,desir+ to cont9ue 8 explorations ! next ye>1 he sail$ we/w>d on ! bay & w9t]$ on ! isl& ( ,s\?ampton4 ,9 ! spr+ he aga9 tri$ to f9d ! long-wi%$-= passage4 ,! long1 cold w9t] & lack ( suitable food told heavily on 8 m54 ,!y became badly demoraliz$ & decl>$ t !y w\ld n rema9 long] 9 su* an inhospitable region4 ,:5 ,hudson insi/$1 ! m5 mut9i$4 ,seiz+ _! comm&]1 !y plac$ him ) 8 son & five sailors 9 an op5 boat & sail$ away4 ,aft] ?is cruel act ( ! mut9e]s1 no trace ( ,hudson or ^? :o 7 ) him 0 ev] f\nd4 ,b ,hudson's fame w nev] die4 ,hi/orians w ev] laud 8 a*ievem5ts1 & 8 "n is indelibly inscrib$ on ! map ( ! _w4 ,! r+lead] ( ! mut9e]s ) five ( 8 companions 0 aft]w>d kill$ by ! natives1 & sev]al ( ! o!rs />v$ to dea?4 ,! re/ ( ! crew succe$$ 9 gett+ ! %ip back to ,engl&2 !re !y 7 tri$1 f\nd guilty ( mut9y1 & s5t to prison4 ,9 #afaf ! intrepid ,william ,baff9 took up ! se>*4 ,he p5etrat$ ! bay be>+ 8 "n & explor$ ! passages ( wat] we/w>d to ! m\? ( ,lanca/] ,s\nd4 ,lat] ! ,russians became int]e/$ 9 exploration4 ,among ! explor]s ,capta9 ,veit ,b]+ ( ! ,russian navy 0 ! mo/ em95t4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury ,b]+ 0 comm&$ by ,pet] ! ,great to take up ! se>* = ! long-s\ght passage4 ,he explor$ ! nor!a/]n coa/ ( ,asia z f> nor? z sixty-sev5 degrees latitude1 discov]+ a fact hi!rto unkn[n1 t ,nor? ,am]ica is sep>at$ f ,asia by a n>r[ passage ( wat] conta9+ small isl&s4 ,! passage receiv$ ! "n ,b]+ ,/rait f its discov]]1 & ! same "n 0 be/[$ ^u ! sea lead+ to x4 ,ab\t t5 ye>s aft]w>d ,b]+ det]m9$ to explore ! nor?we/ coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,he l&$ twice ^u ! coa/1 b1 be+ driv5 back by viol5t /orms1 0 at l5g? wreck$ on an isl&1 :]e he di$4 ,8 crew1 ?\gh suff]+ t]rible h>d%ips1 liv$ ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,) ! com+ ( spr+1 h[ev]1 !y rigg$ a craft f ! /r&$ vessel 9 :i* a few survivors rea*$ ! coa/ ( ,asia4 ,9 #agdc ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t (f]$ a rew>d ( tw5ty ?\s& p\nds = ! discov]y ( a nor?we/ passage by ! way ( ,hudson ,bay4 ,?irty-?ree ye>s aft]w>d a l rew>d 0 (f]$ = ! actual discov]y ( ! nor? pole & ! same am\nt = ! exploration ( any navigable passage4 ,! sum ( five ?\s& p\nds 0 also (f]$ to any "o :o %\ld approa* )9 "o degree ( ! nor? pole4 ,^! /&+ rew>ds greatly /imulat$ arctic exploration4 ,( ! _m voyages ( exploration t foll[$1 ,sir ,john ,frankl9's la/ exp$ition 0 ! mo/ tragical4 ,?is exp$ition 0 fitt$ out by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t ) ! necess>y supplies & sci5tific in/rum5ts = a ?ree ye>s' cruise4 ,two /an* vessels1 ! ,erebus & ! ,t]ror1 bo? ( :i* _h be5 previ\sly employ$ 9 ant>ctic exploration1 7 select$ to /em ! ice-fields ( ! nor?1 & a t5d] ) extra supplies accompani$ !m z f> z ,davis ,/rait4 ,! vessels 7 la/ se5 9 ,lanca/] ,s\nd moor$ to an iceb]g1 :]e !y 7 spok5 to by a :al+ %ip homew>d b\nd4 ,?ree ye>s hav+ pass$ & no tid+s hav+ be5 receiv$ f ! exp$ition1 all ,engl& became extremely anxi\s conc]n+ ! safety ( ! explor]s4 ,! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t !n s5t out two vessels to seek ,frankl91 b no trace ( ! miss+ comm&] or 8 m5 0 f\nd4 ,! gov]nm5t !n r$\bl$ its ex]tions1 supplem5t$ by private p>ties1 & 9 #ahej no less ?an twelve vessels 7 vigor\sly se>*+ ! arctic l&s & wat]s = _! lo/ bro!rs4 ,lady ,frankl9 sp5t h] =tune 9 endeavor+ to f9d trace ( h] noble husb&4 ,! he>t ( humanity 0 t\*$ ) ! deepe/ sympa?y & mov$ by ! noble/ motives4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 aid$ also by private citiz5s1 fitt$ out vessels to cont9ue ! se>*4 ,at "o "t t5 ( ! se>*+ vessels met 9 ! ,arctic4 ,! results ( ^! exp$itions 7 meagre 9 secur+ trace ( ! lo/ ones1 b !y greatly enri*$ our k ( nor!rn l&s & seas4 ,n until five ye>s aft] ! ,erebus & ,t]ror left ,engl& 0 trace ( ! explor]s f\nd4 ,ne> ! head ( ,frankl9 ,/rait1 (f ! %ore ( ,k+ ,william ,l&1 evid5ce ( an encampm5t ( "s ( ! m5 0 discov]$1 & at ,bee*ey ,isl&1 ne> by1 c>p5t]s' tools1 empty meat cans1 & ! graves ( ?ree ( ! m5 ?rew m light on ! my/]y ( ! ill-/>r$ exp$ition4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 at ,victory ,po9t1 ,lieut5ant ,hobson f\nd a record ( ! dea? ( ,frankl91 ! date be+ ,july #aa1 #ahdg4 ,*>les ,f4 ,hall1 a native ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 b long a resid5t ( ,ohio1 :o _h be5 a read] ( arctic lit]ature1 became deeply int]e/$ 9 ! se>* = ,sir ,john ,frankl94 ,obta9+ f9ancial aid f diff]5t s\rces1 he made f\r voyages to ! arctic1 ! fir/ be+ devot$ to se>*+ = ,frankl9's m5 & 9 solv+ ! my/]y ( _! disappe>ance4 ,8 ?ird voyage 0 ! mo/ fruitful "o 9 secur+ results4 ,hall believ$ t ! ,eskimos knew m ab\t ! lo/ explor]s ?an !y 7 will+ to tell1 & t if he c\ld b ga9 _! confid5ce he c\ld extract f !m ! /ory4 ,9 fur!rance ( 8 plan1 he resolv$ on 8 ?ird voyage to live ) !m sev]al ye>s4 ,9 #ahfd he />t$ on ?is voyage nor?4 ,on 8 arrival 9 ! arctic he s\ght out ! natives & made himself "o ( !m1 adopt+ _! mode ( life & food4 ,he sp5t five ye>s liv+ & travell+ ) !m4 ,hav+ won !m ov]1 he obta9$ ! /ory ( ! ill-fat$ explor]s4 ,he le>n$ t "o ( ,frankl9's vessels _h actually made ! nor?we/ passage to ,o',reily ,isl&1 s\?we/ ( ,k+ ,william ,l&4 ,five m5 rema9$ on bo>d alive1 b ! vessel 0 ab&on$ by ! crew4 ,! next spr+ ! ,eskimos f\nd x 9 good condition froz5 fa/ 9 ! ice4 ,! skeletons ( ,frankl9's m5 7 f\nd scatt]$ ov] ,k+ ,william ,l&1 :]e !y _h p]i%$ "o aft] ano!r f />vation & cold4 ,"s _h engag$ 9 conflict ) ! natives 9 endeavor+ to secure food1 b be+ weak f hung] 7 unsuccessful4 ,( ! "o hundr$ & five m5 :o accompani$ ,frankl9 n "o 0 ev] f\nd alive4 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahej ! problem ( ! nor?we/ passage 0 solv$ by ,capta9s ,m',clure1 ,coll9son1 & ,killet4 ,s\? ( ,melville ,isl&1 ,m',clure1 :o _h sail$ ?r\gh ,b]+ ,/rait1 met ! %ip ( ,killet :i* _h come ?r\gh ,lanca/] ,s\nd4 ,m',clure1 hav+ w9t]$ ne> ! connect+ wat]s1 _h really e/abli%$ ! exi/5ce ( ! passage by obs]vation be=e ! meet+4 ,tw5ty days lat] ,coll9son came up 9 8 %ip4 ,f9d+ ! problem ( ! nor?we/ passage solv$1 he turn$ to ! s\!a/ & complet$ ! passage 9 ano!r direction4 ,x ?us became evid5t t s f> z comm]cial purposes 7 conc]n$ a nor?we/ passage 0 impracticable & t fur!r nor!rn exploration mu/ be consid]$ 9 ! light ( sci5tific & geographic value only4 ,hall's labors did n cease ) 8 discov]y ( ! ,frankl9 exp$ition4 ,he became an en?usia/ conc]n+ ! arctic & seem$ to enjoy its weird icy sc5]y & att5dant p]il\s excitem5t4 ,believ+ t he c\ld rea* ! nor? pole if he _h a prop]ly equipp$ exp$ition1 he plann$ a f\r? voyage & appeal$ to ,congress = assi/ance4 ,a g5]\s appropriation 0 made by ,congress1 & on ,july #c1 #ahga1 ! exp$ition set sail f ,new ,london1 ,conn41 c>ry+ a full crew & sev]al sci5ti/s4 ,! vessel1 :i* 0 nam$ ! ,pol>is1 t\*$ at sev]al places on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,gre5l& to secure additional dogs & sk9s suitable = arctic clo?+1 & !n /eam$ nor? z f> z seem$ safe1 to e/abli% w9t] qu>t]s prep>atory to mak+ a da% = ! pole 9 ! spr+4 ,! vessel pass$ ?r\gh ,robeson ,*annel into ! pol> ocean1 rea*+ #hb deg4 #aa'1 !n ! highe/ po9t ev] rea*$ by a %ip4 ,n f9d+ a good h>bor1 ,hall sail$ s\? ab\t fifty miles4 ,he an*or$ ne> ! ,gre5l& %ore to ! lee ( a /r&$ iceb]g4 ,build+ mat]ial = a h\se & "p ( ! /ores 7 remov$ to ! l& 9 case any?+ happ5$ to ! %ip4 ,!n ! %ip 0 bank$ up ) sn[ & "p ( ! deck 0 cov]$ ) canvas to keep out ! cold4 ,! wea!r be+ propiti\s1 ,capta9 ,hall ?\ght be/ to take a sl$ge j\rney to f9d ! lay ( ! c\ntry4 ,he ord]$ ! dogs to be well f$1 & accompani$ by two o!r sl$ges advanc$ nor?w>d ab\t fifty miles1 mak+ side trips to take obs]vations4 ,at ! end ( two weeks he return$ seem+ly p]fectly well1 b 9 a few h\rs compla9$ ( illness4 ,?irte5 days aft]w>d he di$4 ,! date ( 8 dea? 0 ,novemb] #h1 #ahga1 j a little m ?an f\r mon?s f ! "t he left ! port ( ,new ,london buoyant ) hope4 ,! comm& ( ! exp$ition n[ devolv$ on ,capta9 ,budd+ton1 a man ( dissipat$ habits & lack+ 9 discipl9e4 ,dur+ ! w9t] & spr+ sev]e /orms cra%$ ! ice-pack aga9/ ! sides ( ! vessel1 caus+ x to leak4 ,9 ! meantime explor+ p>ties 7 s5t out ) sl$ges & boats1 ga!r+ n a little k conc]n+ ! we/ coa/ ( ,gre5l&4 ,!n ! vessel began to leak badly1 & ,capta9 ,budd+ton ord]$ all h&s on bo>d = return home4 ,great fields ( ice /ill cov]$ ! sea1 & x 0 ) extreme difficulty t ! vessel made its way ?r\gh !m s\?w>d4 ,a sev]e gale damag$ ! vessel /ill m1 & z x seem$ c]ta9 t x c\ld n float mu* long]1 prep>ations to ab&on x & to move at once to ! ice-floe 7 made4 ,at ! dead ( night1 9 ! face ( a fi]ce gale1 a "p ( ! %ip's company & /ores 7 transf]r$ to ! ice4 ,!n ! heav+ bill[s broke ! vessel loose f ! floe1 sep>at+ ! m5 on ! ice f ^? on ! vessel4 ,) eighte5 companions ,capta9 ,tyson liv$ on ! ice-floe :i* mov$ s\?w>d1 break+ (f piece aft] piece1 = a p]iod ( six & "o-half mon?s1 suff]+ incr$ible h>d%ips f cold1 hung]1 & con/ant fe>4 ,f9ally1 !y 7 sight$ (f ! ,labrador coa/ by ! %ip ,tigress & rescu$ 9 a />v+ condition4 ,! /ory ( ?is ice-floe j\rney ( "o ?\s& ?ree hundr$ miles is "o ( ! mo/ ?rill+ 9 m>itime annals4 ,=tunately1 !re 7 two ,eskimos on ! ice-floe skill$ 9 ! capture ( seals1 else ! entire company w\ld h />v$ to dea?1 s9ce b a small portion ( ! provisions _h be5 transf]r$ to ! floe :5 ! vessel p>t$ f x4 ,! devices = su/a9+ _! lives dur+ ! j\rney =m int]e/+ read+4 ,/range to relate1 no "o 0 s]i\sly ill & no dea?s occurr$ dur+ ?is rem>kable ice voyage4 ,aft] drift+ a :ile ! ,pol>is 0 purposely bea*$ on ! ,gre5l& %ore & ! /ores plac$ on l&1 :]e a h\se 0 built 9 :i* to sp5d ! second w9t]4 ,9 ! spr+ two boats 7 con/ruct$ 9 :i* ! company />t$ s\?w>d along ! coa/1 :]e !y 7 f9ally pick$ up by a :al+ vessel4 ,! conque/ ( ! nor!a/ passage 0 n a*iev$ until ! latt] "p ( ! c5tury4 ,9 #ahgh ,b>on ,nord5skjold1 a ,sw$i% explor] comm&+ ! ,vega1 ent]$ ! ,arctic & sail$ ea/w>d along ! ,russian & ,sib]ian coa/4 ,nord5skjold 0 ! fir/ navigator to d\ble ,cape ,*elyusk91 ! nor!rn cape ( ,asia4 ,! ,vega rea*$ ,b]+ ,/rait :]e %e 0 nipp$ by ! ice-pack4 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+ %e rea*$ ,japan 9 safety4 ,9 #ahgi-hj ,lieut5ant ,fr$]ick ,s*watka set out on an ov]l& exp$ition nor?we/w>d = ,hudson ,bay1 to ga!r k conc]n+ ! great ,arctic ,pla9 ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,s*watka's 0 probably ! longe/ sl$ge j\rney ev] made up to t "t4 ,) a small p>ty ( m51 8 dog sl$ges cov]$ a di/ance ( ?ree ?\s& miles4 ,s*watka f\nd ! skeletons ( sev]al memb]s ( ,sir ,john ,frankl9's p>ty4 ,^! he buri$ on ,k+ ,william ,l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,pe>y's %ip1 ! ,roosevelt ,9 #ahha ! ,de ,long exp$ition1 9 ! /eam cruis] ,jeannette1 met disa/] (f ! ,sib]ian coa/4 ,! ,jeannette 0 sunk & h] (fic]s & crew 9 ?ree boats ab&on$ h]4 ,"o boat 0 nev] he>d ( aft]w>d4 ,de ,long & 8 p>ty />v$ 9 ! delta swamps ( ! ,l5a ,riv]4 ,*ief ,eng9e] ,melville & 8 p>ty 7 rescu$ 9 ! ,l5a ,riv]4 ,9 #ahha also ! ,int]national ,pol> ,conf]5ce attempt$ to e/abli% a *a9 ( /ations ar\nd ! pole z f> nor? z possible4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates & sev]al ( ! ,european nations 7 repres5t$ 9 ! organization4 ,two exp$itions 7 s5t out by ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 "o at ,po9t ,b>r[1 "u ,lieut5ant ,ray1 ! o!r at ,lady ,frankl9 ,bay1 opposite ! ,gre5l& coa/1 9 latitude #ha deg4 #dj'4 ,! latt] 0 9 *>ge ( ,lieut5ant1 n[ ,g5]al ,greely4 ,9 a sl$ge j\rney along ! nor? coa/ ( ,gre5l&1 ,lockwood & ,bra9>d rea*$ ! latitude ( #hc deg4 #bd'4 ,! obs]vations ( ,greely & ,ray add$ n a little k conc]n+ ! meteorology & tides ( ! arctic regions4 ,! sl$ge j\rney ( ,lockwood & ,bra9>d practically e/abli%$ ! fact t ,gre5l& is an isl&4 ,( all attempts to rea* ! pole1 ! mo/ d>+ 0 t adopt$ by ,s4 ,a4 ,&ree1 a ,sw$i% explor]4 ,&ree _h be5 to ! pol> regions be=e1 & be+ some?+ ( an a]onaut1 believ$ t he c\ld rea* or pass ov] ! pole 9 a balloon4 ,9 c>ry+ out 8 plan he _h con/ruct$ a mon/] balloon capable ( float+ 9 ! air ?irty days1 due all[ance be+ made = ! daily escape ( gas by p]meation ?r\gh ! envelope4 ,?is balloon1 ) necess>y accessories1 0 %ipp$ to ,danes ,isl&1 "o ( ! ,spitzb]g5 gr\p4 ,ev]y?+ be+ ready ,july #aa1 #ahig1 ,&ree set =? on 8 p]il\s trip accompani$ by two companions4 ,! balloon c>ri$ a load ( ab\t five tons1 includ+ food1 clo?+1 balla/1 sci5tific in/rum5ts1 & m54 ,on be+ let loose ! balloon arose six hundr$ feet1 & !n desc5d$ to ! surface ( ! sea ow+ to ! entanglem5t ( ! guide ropes & balla/ l9es4 ,?ree heavy guide ropes n9e hundr$ feet long 7 us$1 to :i* 7 atta*$ eight balla/ l9es two hundr$ & fifty feet long4 ,! ropes 7 cut & balla/ 0 ?r[n out1 :5 ! balloon aga9 rose & ! w9d bore x away ov] a m\nta9\s isl& "o ?\s& five hundr$ feet high4 ,9 an h\r x _h pass$ bel[ ! nor!a/]n horizon4 ,?ree message buoys 7 dropp$ on ! day ( ,&ree's dep>ture1 report+ f9e wea!r1 all well1 & altitude eight hundr$ & tw5ty feet2 f t "t on no traces ( ! d>+ un=tunates h ev] be5 f\nd4 ,fridtj( ,nans51 :o _h sp5t "s "t 9 ! exploration ( ,gre5l&1 _h also rea*$ ! conclusion t a pol> curr5t sweeps across ! ,arctic ,ocean f ,b]+ ,sea to ! nor? coa/ ( ,gre5l&4 ,he !re=e set out ) a pick$ crew 9 a small /eam%ip1 ! ,fram1#ahic1 ent]+ ! ,arctic at ,b]+ ,/rait4 ,aft] ! ,fram _h be5 caught 9 ! ice-pack1 ,nans5 & 8 companion1 ,johans51 />t$ t[>d ! nor? pole ) dog sl$ges4 ,!y rea*$ latitude #hf deg4 #ad'2 f9d+ t ! ice 0 drift+ s\?w>d1 !y made = ,franz ,josef ,l&1 :]e !y sp5t ! w9t]1 & !n />t$ = ,spitzb]g54 ,on _! way !y 7 f\nd by memb]s ( ! ,jackson-,h>mswor? exp$ition1 by :om !y 7 rescu$4 ,! ,fram also return$ safely4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! pol> curr5t 0 n e/abli%$4 ,9 #aijj ,capta9 ,cagui1 a memb] ( ! ,abruzzi ,pol> ,exp$ition1 />t+ f ,franz ,josef ,l&1 made a da% across ! ice t[>d ! pole4 ,he succe$$ 9 rea*+ latitude #hf deg4 #cd'1 ! ne>e/ approa* to ! pole up to t "t4 ,only a few ye>s aft]w>d1 #aije-f1 ,amunds51 9 ! /eam] ,gjoa1 f\nd a m s\!rly nor?we/ passage f ,k+ ,william ,l& ?an t foll[$ by ,coll9son4 ,x 0 comp>atively free f ice4 ,amunds5 0 ! fir/ to p5etrate ! nor?we/ passage 9 a cont9u\s voyage4 ,! result %[$ pla9ly t z a comm]cial r\te ! nor?we/ passage 0 out ( ! "q4 ,! man :o f9ally succe$$ 9 rea*+ ! pole is ! intrepid arctic explor]1 ,rob]t ,e4 ,pe>y1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates navy4 ,9 ! fir/ record-break+ trip ,pe>y />t$ 9 ,july1 #aije4 ,sail+ ?r\gh ,davis ,/rait1 ,baff9 ,bay1 ,smi? ,s\nd1 & ,robeson ,*annel to ,grant ,isl&1 :i* lies we/ ( ! nor!rn "p ( ,gre5l&1 he w5t into w9t] qu>t]s at ,cape ,%]idan4 ,9 ! e>ly spr+1 :5 ! daylight 0 an h\r long1 ,pe>y set out = ! nor? pole ov] ! ice-clad ocean ) sl$ges drawn by dogs4 ,delay$ by /orms & op5 wat] 9 "s places1 he succe$$ aft] incr$ible h>d%ips & suff]+ 9 rea*+ #hg deg4 #f'1 ! highe/ po9t up to t "t rea*$ by man1 a di/ance only two hundr$ miles f ! nor? pole4 ,9 previ\s trips ,pe>y _h cross$ ! nor!rn "p ( ,gre5l& twice at ! risk ( 8 life1 ea* "t br++ mu* k ( ! nor? coa/ ( ,gre5l&4 ,dur+ "o ( 8 voyages ,pe>y br\ght home ?ree meteorites4 ,! l>ge/1 weigh+ m ?an ?irty-six tons1 is n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,^! are among ! l>ge/ meteorites ev] f\nd1 & x is an int]e/+ fact t s _m 7 f\nd 9 ,gre5l&4#a ,pe>y's la/ & successful trip began :5 ! /eam%ip ,roosevelt1 comm&$ by ,capta9 ,b>tlett1 sail$ out ( ,new ,york h>bor1 ,july #f1 #aijh4 ,! vessel trav]s$ ,baff9 ,bay & rea*$ ,cape ,york ,augu/ #a4 ,at ,etah1 an ,eskimo settlem5t1 ?ree weeks 7 consum$ 9 /or+ supplies & select+ ,eskimo guides & pur*as+ dog-tra9s4 ,! ,roosevelt !n proce$$ nor?w>d ?r\gh ! n>r[ /rait t sep>ates ,gre5l& f ,grant ,l&4 ,! p>ty w5t into w9t] qu>t]s ne> ,cape ,%]idan at ! head ( ! /rait4 ,! w9t] 0 sp5t 9 exploration & 9 prep>ation = ! sl$ge j\rney4 ,! necess>y supplies = ! j\rney 7 c>ri$ to ,cape ,columbia1 ! nor!rly po9t ( ,grant ,l&4 ,! sl$ge p>ty />t$ nor?w>d f ,cape ,columbia ,febru>y #bh--sev5 memb]s ( ! exp$ition1 sev5te5 ,eskimos1 & n9ete5 sl$ges4 ,illu/ration3 ,comm&] ,rob]t ,e4 ,pe>y & ?ree ( 8 ,eskimo dogs on ! ,roosevelt ,:5 ! exp$ition rea*$ latitude eighty-eight degrees1 ,capta9 ,b>tlett & ,pr(essor ,m>v91 ) mo/ ( ! ,eskimo guides1 7 ord]$ back2 ,pe>y ) 8 companion1 ,h5s51 & sev]al ,eskimos />t$ on ! f9al da%4 ,=tunately ! ice 0 smoo?1 & b few breaks1 or leads1 7 enc\nt]$4 ,x 0 n difficult to make tw5ty-five miles or m a day dur+ sev]al days ( ! j\rney4 ,at la/ a tempor>y break 9 ! cl\ds gave ,pe>y an opportunity = obs]vation1 :i* %[$ 8 latitude to be #hi deg4 #eg'4 ,t5 miles m 7 made1 & ano!r obs]vation %[$ t ! p>ty _h actually gone sev]al miles beyond ! pole4 ,a cairn ( ice blocks & sn[ be>+ ! ,am]ican flag 0 erect$ approximately at ! pole1 ,april #g1 #aiji1 & ! p>ty />t$ on ! return trip4 ,!re be+ a pla9 trail & smoo? ice1 ! return trip 0 made 9 ab\t half ! "t requir$ = ! outw>d trip4 ,! res]ve p>ty 0 jo9$ at ,cape ,columbia1 & all h&s return$ to ! ,roosevelt1 :i* 0 at an*or ne> ,cape ,%]idan4 ,! only fatality ( ! exp$ition 0 ! dea? ( ,pr(essor ,m>v91 :o 0 accid5tally dr[n$ :ile on 8 return to ,cape ,columbia4 ,! op5 pol> sea :i* _h be5 obs]v$ by ,kane & sev]al o!r explor]s 0 clos$ by ice at ! "t ( ,pe>y's da%2 inde$1 ! entire r\te lay ov] ice & sn[ t app>5tly 0 sev]al ye>s old4 ,aft] leav+ ,cape ,columbia no l& sky 0 se5 any:]e ab\t ! horizon4 ,a s+le s\nd+ 0 made ab\t five miles f ! pole1 b no bottom 0 f\nd at fifte5 hundr$ feet1 ! l5g? ( ! s\nd+ wire4 ,= 8 s]vices ,pe>y receiv$ ! m$al ( ! ,royal ,geographical ,society1 & an admiral's commission f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 spite ( ! desolation t p]vades pol> regions1 ! res\rces are consid]able & h attract$ mu* comm]cial activity4 ,= _m ye>s :ale oil 0 ab\t ! only illum9at+ oil us$ by mo/ ( ! _w1 & ! *ief supply 0 obta9$ f ! :ales slaught]$ 9 nor? pol> regions4 ,holl& s5t :al+ %ips to ! arctic z e>ly z #afac1 & = two c5turies :al+ fleets ( diff]5t nations frequ5t$ ^! seas4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury--! mo/ pr(itable p]iod--upw>d ( ?ree hundr$ ,dut* %ips & fifte5 ?\s& m5 annually visit$ ,spitzb]g54 ,x is e/imat$ t 9 two c5turies ,am]ica1 ,engl&1 & ,holl& obta9$ f ! arctic regions products am\nt+ to "o ?\s& million doll>s1 ! greate/ items by f> be+ :ale oil & :alebone4 ,great quantities ( fossil ivory h be5 obta9$ f ! ,new ,sib]ian ,isl&1 ! v soil ( :i* seems 9 great "p to be made up ( ! bones & tusks ( ! ext9ct mammo?4 ,mu* valuable sci5tific in=mation has be5 ga9$ by meteorological & magnetic obs]vations4 ,! nor? magnetic pole1 t[>d :i* ! nor?-seek+ end ( ! compass ne$le po9ts1 has be5 locat$ on ! we/ side ( ,boo?ia ,p59sula4 ,at ?is place ! dipp+ ne$le /&s v]tical4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! nor? pole ( ! e>? & ! nor? magnetic pole are two entirely diff]5t po9ts4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 if ! m>9] be 9 ! arctic wat]s nor? ( ,boo?ia ,p59sula 8 compass po9ts s\?4 ,! arctic curr5ts h be5 c>efully /udi$ ) valuable results1 & x has be5 f\nd t ! drift ( ! pol> ice-floe is con/antly to ! ea/w>d4 ,sn[-:ite arctic re9de] 9 consid]able numb]s h be5 rec5tly f\nd2 & ,pe>y f\nd seals )9 two hundr$ miles ( ! nor? pole4 ,! ,gre5l& seal seems to enjoy seas fill$ ) ice1 sp5d+ "p ( ! "t 9 ! wat] & "p on ! ice-floe4 ,illu/ration3 ,musk ox ,x is n[ kn[n t ,gre5l& is an ice-capp$ isl& v sp>sely inhabit$ along ! coa/ by ,eskimos4 ,a few hundr$ ( ^! h>dy p live along ! ,gre5l& coa/ f ,cape ,york up to latitude sev5ty-eight degrees1 cut (f by ! surr\nd+ ice-cap f ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,!y are ! mo/ nor!rn kn[n inhabitants4 ,pe>y f\nd ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,gre5l& well /ock$ ) bo? animal & vegetable life4 ,be>s1 wolves1 h>es1 & musk ox5 7 se5 9 consid]able numb]s4 ,a mo/ important fact discov]$ by ,hall 0 t ! mo/ nor!rly "p ( ,gre5l& is comp>atively free f ice1 ! l>ge/ kn[n area ( b>e gr\nd ( t cont95t4 ,?is fact acc\nts = ! pr(usion ( animal & vegetable life exi/+ !re4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( l& animals f\nd 9 ! nor? is ! musk ox4 ,:5 fully gr[n & 9 good condition ?is animal weighs five hundr$ p\nds & upw>d4 ,:5 ! musk ox5 are attack$ by wolves or dogs !y =m !mselves into a circle ) _! heads on ! outside & conceal _! calves "u _! bodies4 ,_! hair1 be+ long1 rea*es ne>ly to ! gr\nd & =ms a curta9 :i* completely conceals ! calves f view4 ,_! food is moss & li*5s :i* gr[ on ! rocks4 ,?is !y obta9 by scrap+ away ! sn[ ) _! %>p ho(s4 ,! fle% ( ! musk ox1 ?\gh musk-l 9 flavor1 is n repulsive to ! ta/e1 & sev]al explor]s h be5 sav$ f />v+ by us+ ! fle% = food4 ,! *ief ob/acles to arctic exploration are ! long w9t] night1 dur+ :i* all mu/ rema9 idle1 & ! necessity = c>ry+ all provisions4 ,no "o :o has n w9t]$ beyond ! arctic circle c h a realization ( ! influ5ce on ! n]ves ( cont9ual d>kness = mon?s1 an influ5ce t has driv5 _m m5 insane4 ,comb9e ! d>kness ) ! weird sc5]y & ! fi]ce /orms t prevail dur+ ! long w9t]1 & x requires a /rong w & abid+ fai? n to be s]i\sly influ5c$4 ,! extreme cold is n h>d to endure if "o clo!s himself 9 ! mann] ( ! ,eskimos4 ,provisions & supplies mu/ be c>ri$ by dog sl$ges1 & ! managem5t ( ! dog teams is v difficult = ^? :o h n be5 tra9$ to ! "w4 ,%etl& ponies h be5 tri$ z draught animals4 ,capta9 ,evelyn ,baldw9 0 ! fir/ to use !m 9 pol> exploration2 o!rs h us$ !m1 b less successfully4 ,good coal is f\nd 9 abundance on _m ( ! isl&s ( ! arctic4 ,its outcropp+s are f\nd on ,disco ,isl&1 we/ ( ,gre5l&1 & excell5t coal is f\nd 9 _m places 9 ,spitzb]g51 :]e at ! pres5t "t two companies are m9+ x1 "o ,am]ican & ! o!r ,engli%4 ,spitzb]g5 is sometimes call$ ,no ,man's ,l&1 s9ce ,norway & ,sw$5 h n be5 able to agree 9 reg>d to its possession4 ,lately ! isl&s ( ?is ar*ipelago h become favorite resorts = summ] excursioni/s :o c "h h ! arctic sc5]y & exp]i5ces ) b v few discom=ts4 ,pt>migan1 geese1 ducks1 & _m o!r k9ds ( birds are f\nd on ^! isl&s4 ,l>ge quantities ( eid]-d[n h be5 obta9$ annually f ?is section1 b ! rapid de/ruction ( ! ducks by hunt]s has less5$ ! indu/ry & w probably annihilate x4 ,!re be+ no law to regulate hunt+1 sportsm5 wantonly kill ! wild animals1 especially ! re9de] & be>s1 9 great numb]s4 ,we owe mu* to dogs 9 arctic explorations4 ,x w\ld h be5 impossible to p5etrate to ! int]ior ( arctic l&s or to trav]se ! froz5 seas b = ! s]vices ( ! fai?ful dogs tra9$ to draw sl$ges4 ,_m ( ^! animals h suff]$ f ov]work & h p]i%$ f />vation2 o!rs h be5 sacrific$ = food 9 dire extremities to pres]ve ! lives ( _! ma/]s4 ,surely arctic s]vice has prov$ z de/ructive to ! poor dogs z to m54 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,isolat$ masses ( native iron are usually ( meteoric orig91 b to det]m9e :e!r or n ! native iron fell f ! sky a portion ( ! surface is gr\nd (f & poli%$2 !n ! poli%$ surface is et*$ ) acid4 ,if cry/all9e l9es are pla9ly br\ght out1 !re c be no d\bt ( its be+ ( meteoric orig94 ,! foll[+ exc]pt f ! ,am]ican ,museum ,meteoric ,guide w make ! matt] cle>3 ,! iron ( meteorites is always alloy$ ) f six to tw5ty p] c5t ( nickel4 ,?is 'nickel-iron1' z x is commonly call$1 is usually cry/all9e 9 texture1 & :5 x is cut1 poli%$1 & 'et*$' a beautiful net-"w ( l9es is br\ght out1 indicat+ plates :i* lie 9 positions det]m9$ by ! cry/all9e "* ( ! mass4 ,?is net-"w ( l9es con/itutes :at are call$ ! ,widmann/attian figures1 f ! "n ( _! discov]]4 ,:5 ^! figures are /rongly develop$ ! meteoric orig9 ( ! iron _c be que/ion$1 b _! abs5ce does n necess>ily disprove su* an orig94 ,native iron ( t]re/rial orig9 is extremely r>e4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,pol> ,,regions--,,ant>ctica ,a cont95t twice ! size ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates lies sleep+ b5ea? a mantle ( sn[ & ice at ! s\? pole4 ,no vegetation save a few mosses & li*5s exi/s any:]e on ?is va/ expanse4 ,no f\r-foot$ animals rove ov] x2 no human be+s inhabit x4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( squ>e miles ( pack-ice1 glaci]s1 & ice-walls jeal\sly gu>d x on all sides4 ,on "o side1 = a di/ance ( five hundr$ miles1 ext5ds a great ice b>ri] ^: p]p5dicul> ice-wall is f ?irty to ?ree hundr$ feet 9 height4 ,beh9d ?is wall are va/ ice-fields1 & beyond ^! imm5se plateaus ( ice hav+ an elevation ( six ?\s& to twelve ?\s& feet :]e fi]ce w9ds & a bit+ cold prevail4 ,on ^! elevat$ pla9s ! !rmomet] /&s 9 ! middle ( summ] sometimes z l[ z =ty degrees bel[ z]o4 ,great fields ( ice & huge iceb]gs cov] ! sea 9 all directions & 9 w9t] ext5d f> beyond ! ant>ctic circle4 ,9 ^! regions ! ice =m+ on ! surface ( ! ocean atta9s a ?ickness v>y+ f five to sev5te5 feet4 ,long ranges ( sn[-clad & ice-mail$ m\nta9s are f\nd ) erm9$ peaks t[]+ f t5 ?\s& to fifte5 ?\s& feet 9 height4 ,a long w9t] night1 ) its int5se d>kness reliev$ at times by ! light ( ! moon & brilliant *romatic displays ( ! aurora au/ralis1 succe$s a day ( p]petual sun%9e4 ,all ^! are on su* a scale ( sublimity t no p5 c adequately describe nor bru% portray !m4 ,n[h]e else on ! face ( ! globe does !re exi/ su* a wide expanse ( utt] desolation4 ,yet an undef9$ attraction lures bold m5 to fa?om ! my/]ies ( ^! =bidd+ regions4 ,dat+ f #aggb1 _m explor+ exp$itions h visit$ ! s\? pol> regions 9 ! int]e/s ( sci5ce4 ,! compass is ! m>9]'s guide across ! trackless ocean1 & x is ess5tial to f9d out ev]y?+ possible ab\t t my/]i\s ag5t1 magnetism1 :i* directs ! compass ne$le by its attractive =ce4 ,! e>? itself is a huge magnet ) positive & negative poles4 ,! pois$ ne$le ( ! compass ma9ta9s its relative position because ( ! magnetic poles ( ! e>?1 "o locat$ 9 ! nor? pol> regions1 on ! we/]n side ( ! p59sula ( ,boo?ia1 & ! o!r 9 ! s\? pol> regions1 on ,victoria ,l&4 ,except 9 a few localities ! compass ne$le does n po9t due nor? & s\?--t is1 t[>d ! real poles ( ! e>?1 b t[>d ! magnetic poles4 ,& ^! magnetic poles are ev] %ift+1 z is %[n by ! *ang+ direction ( ! compass ne$le1 :i* ye> by ye> increases or decreases its deviation f true nor? & s\?4 ,x is necess>y to *>t ! v>iations ( ! magnetic ne$le = ! use ( ! navigator4 ,to obs]ve ! deviations & to locate ! s\? magnetic pole h be5 ! *ief objects ( s\? pol> exp$itions = sev]al ye>s1 geographical in=mation be+ ( second>y importance4 ,! m>9e life ( ! s\? pol> regions is abundant4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury %ips sail+ 9 ! regions nor? ( ! ant>ctic circle discov]$ :ales & fur-be>+ seals4 ,soon seal]s & :al]s ( diff]5t nations began to frequ5t ! prolific new regions4 ,!n v>i\s ,european nations & ! ,unit$ ,/ates s5t out explor+ exp$itions to ! s\? pol> regions to ga!r sci5tific & geographical in=mation z well z to assi/ ! *>t+ ( coa/s & ! det]m9ation ( magnetic v>iations4 ,on acc\nt ( _! un9habitability1 _! difficulty ( access1 & _! unkn[n comm]cial value1 ! ant>ctic l&s h claim$ f> less att5tion ?an ! nor? pol> regions4 ,! fam\s explor]1 ,capta9 ,james ,cook ( ! royal navy1 0 commission$ by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t to und]take v>i\s explor+ exp$itions1 & 9 c>ry+ out 8 in/ructions he made sev]al voyages to ! ant>ctic4 ,9 #aggc1 ) 8 two vessels1 ,resolution & ,adv5ture1 he cross$ ! ant>ctic circle--s f> z is kn[n1 ! fir/ "t t x _h be5 cross$ by a human be+4 ,he cont9u$ f>!r s\?w>d1 b f9d+ an al>m+ increase ( pack-ice & iceb]gs1 he soon retreat$ nor?4 ,9 ,janu>y ( ! foll[+ ye> he succe$$ aft] a ?ird trial 9 rea*+ latitude #ga deg4 #aj' s\?1 ! f>!/ s\? atta9$ dur+ ! c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ant>ctic summ] sc5e ,9 #ahci an exp$ition 0 s5t out by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t "u ,capta9 ,*>les ,wilkes4 ,! explor+ squadron consi/$ ( five %ips & m ?an f\r hundr$ (fic]s & m51 sci5ti/s1 & crews4 ,wilkes 0 ! fir/ to discov] ! s-call$ ma9l& ( ! ant>ctic cont95t1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahdj4 ,he !n foll[$ along ?is unkn[n coa/-l9e amid iceb]gs1 fogs1 & /orms = ov] fifte5 hundr$ miles1 tak+ su* obs]vations z 7 possible4 ,= 8 pol> a*ievem5ts 9 discov]y & exploration he 0 aw>d$ a gold m$al by ! ,royal ,geographical ,society4 ,consid]+ t he 0 suppli$ ) improp]ly equipp$ %ips1 he c]ta9ly accompli%$ wond]s4 ,! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 realiz+ ! necessity = bett] magnetic *>ts ( ! s\? pol> regions1 & urg$ by ! sci5tific societies ( ,engl&1 s5t out a second exp$ition to ! ant>ctic "u ! comm& ( ,sir ,james ,ross4 ,! exp$ition sail$ f ,engl& 9 ! fall ( #ahci 9 ! ,erebus & ,t]ror1 bo? ( :i* 7 subsequ5tly lo/ 9 ! un=tunate ,frankl9 exp$ition4#b ,on ?is voyage ,ross made _m discov]ies1 ! mo/ important ( :i* 0 ,victoria ,l&4 ,on ?is l& is ! s\? magnetic pole t[>d :i* ! s\?-seek+ end ( ! ne$le always po9ts4 ,ross greatly desir$ to plant at ! s\? magnetic pole ! flag t _h be5 display$ at ! nor? magnetic pole 9 #ahca1 b he 0 un=tunately caught 9 ! pack-ice & compell$ to ab&on ! attempt4 ,two volcanic m\nta9s 7 discov]$ on an isl& ne> ,victoria ,l&4 ,^! m\nta9s ,ross nam$ ,erebus & ,t]ror f ! two %ips 9 :i* he sail$4 ,! =m]1 ?irte5 ?\s& feet 9 height1 0 9 viol5t eruption1 & ! latt]1 t5 ?\s& feet high1 0 quiesc5t4 ,an exp$ition :i* has accompli%$ v great results 9 ant>ctic rese>* 0 s5t out "u ,capta9 ,rob]t ,f4 ,scott ( ! ,briti% navy 9 ! vessel ,discov]y4 ,?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! ,royal ,geographical ,society ?is exp$ition 0 admirably f9anc$1 ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t & private p>ties contribut+ f\r hundr$ & fifty ?\s& doll>s t[>d its equipm5t4 ,! ,discov]y left ,c[es1 ,engl&1 9 ! summ] ( #aija1 &1 aft] mak+ a s]ies ( magnetic obs]vations s\? ( ,au/ralia1 /e]$ = ! s\? pol> regions4 ,pack-ice 0 met almo/ at ! ant>ctic circle1 b ,scott gradually work$ ! vessel ?r\gh ! pack & rea*$ ! base ( ,m\nt ,t]ror :]e he l&$ a p>ty4 ,!n ) ! rema9d] ( 8 m5 he coa/$ ea/w>d along ! great ice b>ri] = five hundr$ miles4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! b>ri] _h rec$$ ?irty miles s9ce its front 0 exam9$ by ,ross 9 #ahda & t its front is we>+ away at ! rate ( "o-half mile a ye>4 ,a captive balloon 0 us$ 9 mak+ inve/igations ( ! ice front4 ,if ! un=tunate case ( ,&ree be except$1 x 0 ! fir/ "t t ! balloon 0 us$ 9 pol> rese>*4 ,! vessel rema9$ 9 a safe h>bor ne> ,m\nts ,t]ror & ,erebus1 :]e x lay froz5 9 = two w9t]s4 ,e precaution 0 tak5 to insure ! safety ( ! l& p>ty 9 case ! ice %\ld break up & =ce ! %ip out ( ! h>bor4 ,suitable huts 7 erect$ on %ore & a portion ( ! provisions 0 l&$4 ,magnetic obs]vations & o!r sci5tific "w 7 c>ri$ on daily4 ,dur+ ! w>m] season ( ! ye> _m j\rneys 7 made into ! int]ior4 ,9 ord] to be able to advance z f> z possible1 sl$ge j\rneys 7 made along a select$ r\te to e/abli% provision depots4 ,?is be+ done1 ,capta9 ,scott ) two companions & n9ete5 sl$ge dogs />t$ = a protract$ j\rney into ! int]ior4 ,!y travell$ ?ree hundr$ & fifty miles inl& ov] ! great ice-field b did n ev5 !n rea* ! end ( x4 ,!n1 hav+ lo/ mo/ ( ! dogs1 & ! provisions be+ l[1 ! p>ty set out on _! return to ! %ip4 ,! few rema9+ dogs be+ disabl$1 ! m5 7 oblig$ to haul ! sl$ges4 ,hav+ suff]$ great h>d%ips1 ! p>ty rea*$ ! vessel aft] an abs5ce ( ?ree mon?s4 ,on ?is j\rney a long range ( m\nta9s ) _m high peaks 0 discov]$4 ,! highe/ peak1 fifte5 ?\s& "o hundr$ feet1 0 nam$ ,m\nt ,m>kham4 ,! latitude rea*$ 0 #hb deg4 #ag' s\?1 be+ ! f>!/ di/ance s\? atta9$4 ,on a subsequ5t j\rney a plateau ( n9e ?\s& feet elevation 0 rea*$1 :]e ! ev5ness ( ! ice surface = miles seem$ sc>cely brok54 ,! l5g? ( ?is j\rney 0 ?ree hundr$ miles4 ,at ! end ( ! second w9t] two relief %ips appe>$ at ! edge ( ! ice ) ord]s t ,capta9 ,scott %\ld return home at once4 ,! ,discov]y 0 /ill seal$ up 9 ! h>bor ) solid ice f twelve to sev5te5 feet ?ick1 & x 0 a problem h[ to free ! vessel4 ,! solid ice ext5d$ out m ?an six miles f ! h>bor4 ,! crews set resolutely to "w mak+ holes 9 ! ice 9 a direct l9e f ! imprison$ vessel to ! op5 wat]4 ,9 ^! holes p[]ful explosives 7 plac$ :i* crack$ ! ice4 ,?is labor consum$ "s n9e days4 ,!n ! great ocean swells broke up ! ice1 free+ ! vessel4 ,! ,discov]y =?) sail$ = ,engl& by way ( ,cape ,horn1 arriv+ home 9 ,septemb]1 hav+ ga!r$ mu* valuable in=mation dur+ h] soj\rn 9 ! s\? pol> regions4 ,al?\gh practically no vegetable life has be5 f\nd 9 ^! regions1 an abundance ( animal life exi/s 9 or contigu\s to ! sea1 dep5d5t on %rimps1 fi%1 & su* o!r life z ! sea af=ds4 ,seals1 p5gu9s1 petrels1 cormorants1 & gulls are f\nd 9 consid]able numb]s4 ,9 fact1 no p]sons t>ry+ 9 ^! regions ne$ />ve = lack ( food1 su* z x is4 ,illu/ration3 ,! p5gu9 defies ! cold ,dur+ ! two ye>s sp5t by ! ,discov]y 9 ! s\? pol> ice1 seals & p5gu9s =m$ /aple articles ( ! diet ( ! m54 ,?\gh ! fle% ( bo? ( ^! creatures has a /rong & peculi> flavor1 x 0 f\nd to be an agreeable *ange f pemican & o!r pres]v$ mat]ial4 ,s vigor\s 7 ! m5's appetites1 /imulat$ by ! excessive cold1 t :5 !y labor$ h>d sometimes sev5 meals 7 s]v$ daily4 ,because ( ! ?ick lay] ( fat cov]+ _! bodies1 p5gu9s 7 us$ z fuel :5 ! coal began to give out4 ,p5gu9s are /range1 int]e/+ sea f[ls hav+ an inquisitive & fe>less nature4 ,at "o ( ! rocky %ore rook]ies millions ( ^! grotesque birds 7 se54 ,! type ( p5gu9 f\nd "h is a v h&some bird1 deck$ out 9 r gay colors1 hav+ a jet black head1 blui%-gray back & w+s1 a yell[ brea/ & bright spot ( orange on ! neck1 & an orange-color$ l[] bill4 ,z ?\gh pr\d ( 8 multicolor$ dress he walks ) sl[ & maje/ic /ep4 ,8 height is ab\t f\r feet & 8 av]age weight eighty-five p\nds4 ,he makes free use ( 8 voice :i* is l\d & %rill4 ,:5ev] a gr\p ( p5gu9s see an object t excites _! curiosity !y w /& ar\nd x 9 a circle & gaze at x int5tly4 ,lieut5ant ,%ackleton _h a graphophone z a "p ( 8 equipm5t1 & :5ev] x 0 us$1 dur+ ! season :5 p5gu9s 7 ab\t1 !y us$ to ga!r ar\nd ! in/rum5t by ! hundr$s1 seem+ to be q z mu* int]e/$ z 8 human li/5]s4 ,:5 all o!r birds flee at ! approa* ( ! ant>ctic w9t] ! ecc5tric p5gu9 defies ! cold & hat*es its s+le egg 9 ! dead ( w9t]1 ) ! !rmomet] rang+ f eighte5 to sev5ty degrees bel[ z]o4 ,x does ?is by c>ry+ ! egg betwe5 its legs1 re/+ x on ! back ( ! foot :ile a fold ( heavily fea!r$ loose sk9 completely cov]s x up4 ,aft] ! *ick is hat*$ x takes ! place ( ! egg & is c>ri$ ar\nd 9 ?is que] receptacle4 ,:5 ! *ick wants food x utt]s a cry4 ,!reupon ! p>5t b5ds its neck d[n1 & ! little "o ?ru/s its head into ! p>5tal m\? to help itself to regurgitat$ food4 ,! adult f[ls ( bo? sexes are fond ( nurs+ ! *ick5s & frequ5tly qu>rel ov] ! possession ( ! little ones1 (t5 ) fatal results to ! y\ngl+s4 ,ov] half ( ! *icks die or are kill$ by k9dness4 ,! exp$ition to ! ant>ctic comm&$ by ,lieut5ant ,erne/ ,%ackleton mu/ always be consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ important among ^? fitt$ out = ! "w ( pol> rese>*4 ,%ackleton _h be5 a memb] ( ! ,scott exp$ition & !re=e 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! "* ( ! "w4 ,! memb]s ( ! /aff1 ab\t tw5ty-five 9 numb]1 7 select$ ) great c>e1 & ! results ( ! exp$ition demon/rat$ ,lieut5ant ,%ackleton's wisdom4 ,! ,nimrod1 a wood5 /eam%ip built = seal hunt+1 0 pur*as$ & equipp$ = ! exp$ition4 ,%e 0 a small vessel1 sc>cely m ?an "o hundr$ feet 9 l5g?4 ,h] =ema/ c>ri$ squ>e sails2 h] ma9 & mizz5 ma/s 7 s*oon]-rigg$4 ,"u /eam h] spe$ did n exce$ six knots4 ,! equipm5t includ$ a g5]\s outfit ( sci5tific in/rum5ts1 a supply ( dogs & sl$ges1 t5 ,man*urian or ,%etl& ponies1 & a gasol9e motor-c>4 ,! vessel 0 equipp$ at ,c[es1 ,engl&1 b made h] f9al />t f ,lyttleton1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,new ,ye>'s ,day1 #aijh4 ,9 ord] to save h] supply ( coal = future use %e 0 t[$ to ! ant>ctic circle4 ,! foll[+ w9t] mon?s1 ,may to ,septemb]1 7 sp5t on ,ross ,isl&1 ne> ! w9t] qu>t]s ( ! ,discov]y1 9 ,mc,murdo ,bay1 ab\t ?irty degrees s\? ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,?is bay1 or s\nd1 =ms a curve 9 ! %ore l9e ( ,victoria ,l&1 ! coa/ ( :i* is ! be/ kn[n "p ( ! ant>ctic regions4 ,up to ! pres5t "t x is ! mo/ accessible entrance to s\? circumpol> regions kn[n2 x is also ! mo/ conv5i5t location = w9t] qu>t]s1 be+ only two ?\s& miles f ,new ,zeal&4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,m>* a p>ty ( six--,david1 ,mawson1 ,mackay1 ,adams1 ,m>%all1 & ,brocklehur/--prep>$ = ! asc5t ( ,m\nt ,erebus1 ! volcano1 !n active1 discov]$ by ,ross & nam$ aft] "o ( 8 %ips4 ,! crat] rim 0 only a few miles di/ant1 & dur+ ! fir/ ?ree days ! p>ty c\ld be se5 f ! camp by means ( a p[]ful telescope--t9y black specks /ruggl+ up ! ice-clad slopes4 ,?ree crat]s 7 discov]$1 ! y\nge/ & highe/ ( :i* 0 f\nd to be ?irte5 ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & fifty feet above sea level4#c ,dur+ ! asc5t ! p>ty ne>ly p]i%$ 9 a gale :i* blew _! t5ts into tatt]s4 ,! crat] ramp>t 0 f9ally rea*$1 h[ev]1 & a numb] ( excell5t photographs 7 made4 ,dur+ ! entire /ay at ,ross ,isl& ! /eam column f ! crat] furni%$ ! means :]eby ! direction ( ! upp] curr5ts ( air might be in/antly not$1 & ! condition ( activity did n diff] mat]ially f t obs]v$ 9 ,/romboli4 ,:5 ! b>omet] 0 l[ ! /eam column 0 heavi] & d5s]2 ! gl[ ( light 0 also bright]4 ,) a high b>omet]1 on ! contr>y1 ! conditions 7 rev]s$1 ! /eam column 0 insignificant & ! gl[ 0 sc>cely visible4 ,z a rule1 ! asc5d+ column ( /eam 0 project$ ?ree ?\s& feet or m be=e x 0 caught by ! upp] air curr5t4 ,measurem5ts %[$ ! pr9cipal crat] to be half a mile 9 diamet] & n9e hundr$ feet deep4 ,great deposits ( sulphur & pumice 7 obs]v$4 ,9 ! la/ week ( ,octob] a p>ty compos$ ( ,%ackleton1 ,adams1 ,m>%all1 & ,wild />t$ on ! trip to discov] ! s\? pole4 ,! j\rney to ! po9t f>!/ s\? occupi$ sev5ty-?ree days4 ,aft] a few days out f ! w9t] qu>t]s no b>e rock 0 se5--! l&scape be+ "o ( ice & sn[4 ,%ackleton's j\rnal ( ,janu>y #h notes ! fi]ce gales bl[+ at ! rate ( sev5ty or eighty miles an h\r1 :ile ! temp]ature _h dropp$ to sev5ty-two degrees ( fro/4 ,we are %ort ( fuel1 he writes1 & at ?is high altitude1 elev5 ?\s& six hundr$ feet1 x is h>d to keep any w>m? 9 our bodies betwe5 ! scanty meals4 ,we h no?+ to read n[1 hav+ left beh9d our little books to save weight1 & x is dre>y "w ly+ 9 ! t5t ) no?+ to read1 & too cold to write mu* 9 ! di>y4 ,x 7,janu>y #i1 #aiji7 is our la/ day outw>d4 ,we h %ot our bolt & ! tale ( latitude is #hh deg4 #bc' s\?4 ,we hoi/$ h] maje/y's flag1 & ! o!r ,union ,jack aft]w>d1 & took possession ( ! plateau 9 ! "n ( 8 maje/y4 ,:ile ! ,union ,jack blew out /iffly 9 ! icy gale t cut u to ! bone we look$ s\? ) p[]ful glasses1 b c\ld see no?+ b ! dead :ite sn[-pla94 ,!re 0 no break 9 ! plateau z x ext5d$ t[>d ! pole1 & we felt sure t ! goal we h fail$ to rea* lies on ?is pla94 ,we /ay$ only a few m9utes1 & !n tak+ ! que5's flag1 & eat+ our scanty meal z we w5t1 hurri$ back & rea*$ our camp ab\t #c ,p4 ,m4 ,:atev] regrets may be1 we h done our be/4 ,on _! return j\rney ! p>ty kill$ ! two surviv+ ponies = food4 ,e>ly 9 ,octob]1 #aijh1 a p>ty consi/+ ( ,david1 ,mawson1 & ,mackay />t$ on _! j\rney to locate ! s\? magnetic pole4 ,l ! j\rney ( ! s\!rn p>ty1 x 0 a trip ( h>d%ip1 int5se cold1 & physical suff]+4 ,on ,janu>y #af1 #aiji1 p>tly by exp]im5t & p>tly by calculation1 ! po9t ( v]tical position ( ! ne$le 0 f\nd 9 latitude #gb deg4 #be' s\?1 longitude #aee deg4 #af' ea/4 ,! position f\nd by ,pr(essor ,david 0 v close to t obta9$ by ,scott ( ! ,discov]y exp$ition & ab\t =ty miles f t :i* ,ross calculat$ 9 #ahda4 ,9 ! int]val ( ne>ly sev5ty ye>s1 x is safe to assume t ! position ( ! s\? magnetic pole has %ift$ =ty miles4 ,9 spite ( ! k obta9$ 9 o!r directions1 ,%ackleton frankly admits t ! secret ( ! great ice b>ri] _c be le>n$ until ! /ructure & tr5d ( ! m\nta9 ranges :i* seem to =m its edge are trac$4 ,! inve/igations %[$1 h[ev]1 t x is compos$ ( d5sely pack$ sn[4 ,x 0 f\nd t at lea/ "o "p ( ! ice b>ri] is rec$+1 & t ,balloon ,bight1 not$ by ,capta9 ,scott1 _h disappe>$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! recession4 ,n ! lea/ important "p ( ! exploration 0 ! discov]y ( =ty-five miles ( coa/4 ,%ackleton also 0 able to /r5g!n ! op9ion t ,em]ald1 ,nimrod1 & ,d\gh]ty ,isl&s d n exi/4 ,! h>dy ,%etl& & ,man*urian ponies1 fir/ us$ by ,evelyn ,baldw91 prov$ a valuable equipm5t 9 pol> rese>*4 ,%ackleton's gasol9e motor-c> & ,scott's captive balloon 7 ( consid]able b limit$ use4 ,dur+ #aiaj & #aiaa ?ree diff]5t nations--,engl&1 ,norway1 & ,japan--7 repres5t$ by exp$itions 9 s\? pol> regions4 ,! ,norwegian exp$ition "u ,capta9 ,roald ,amunds5 0 especially equipp$ = quick travel1 hav+ eight sl$ges & m ?an "o hundr$ tra9$ dogs4 ,! exp$ition made its way to ! head ( ,ross ,sea1 a l>ge bay ( ! ,ant>ctic plateau1 ne>ly due s\? ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,! camp !re 0 made ! base ( supplies4 ,depots = provisions 7 fir/ e/abli%$ 9 latitudes #hj deg41 #ha deg41 & #hb deg4 ,a />t = ! pole 0 made ,septemb] #h ) eight m51 sev5 sl$ges1 & n9ety dogs4 ,! wea!r 0 too sev]e = ! dogs1 h[ev]1 & ! p>ty return$ to camp4 ,by ! middle ( ,octob] summ] wea!r _h set 91 & on ! #bj? ( ! mon? five m51 f\r sl$ges1 & fifty-two dogs />t$ on ! polew>d trip4 ,?ree days lat] !y rea*$ & pass$ ! fir/ depot2 on ! #ca/ ! second depot 0 rea*$2 & on ,novemb] #e ! sl$ges rea*$ ! ?ird depot 9 latitude #hb deg4 ,additional supplies 7 !reaft] ca*$1 9 depots ab\t "o degree ap>t1 to be us$ on ! return trip4 ,sn[ cairns 7 built at frequ5t int]vals to m>k ! trail4 ,! la/ ca*e ( supplies 0 left at latitude #he deg4 ,f ?is po9t ! way 0 a /eep & difficult climb+ ov] ! range1 or b>ri]1 t _h prov$ s difficult = ,%ackleton4 ,peaks 9 height f t5 ?\s& to fifte5 ?\s& feet loom$ up on e side1 & glaci] surfaces prov$ to be ! easie/ pa?s4 ,:5 a height ( n9e ?\s& feet _h be5 rea*$ ! rugg$ upraise op5$ out into a ne>ly level plateau4 ,on ,decemb] #aj obs]vations %[$ latitude #hi deg41 & on ! #ad? ( ! mon? ! p>ty rea*$ latitude #ij deg4 & a*iev$ ! conque/ ( ! ,s\? ,pole4 ,! ,norwegian flag 0 plant$1 & aft] ?ree days sp5t 9 *eck+ obs]vations ! p>ty return$ 9 safety4 ,! exp$ition return$ by way ( ,tasmania4 ,! vessel employ$ 0 ! ,fram1 ! small /eam%ip us$ by ,nans54 ,capta9 ,scott1 :o comm&$ ! ,discov]y 9 ! exp$ition ( #aija1 w5t ) ! m5 9 8 comm& to ,ross ,sea & made 8 head-qu>t]s ne> ! head ( t body ( wat]4 ,he at once s5t out explor+ p>ties1 "o ( :i* />t$ = ! pole4 ,accord+ to reports made 9 ,april1 #aiab1 he _h accompli%$ a great deal ( "w 9 surveys & geological rese>*1 probably m ?an all t ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,! same reports br\ght also ^w t ! ,japanese exp$ition "u ,lieut5ant ,%irase _h survey$ a consid]able ext5t ( ! ,ant>ctic coa/4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #b3 ,9 ,april1 #ahca1 ,ross _h ! honor ( fix+ ! location ( ! nor? magnetic pole on ! ,boo?ia ,p59sula 9 latitude #gj deg4 #e' nor? & longitude #if deg4 #df' we/4 ,footnote #c3 ,accord+ to ! obs]vations ( ,ross its altitude 0 twelve ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & sixty-sev5 feet4 ,inasmu* z a *ange 9 altitude results f ea* eruption1 bo? det]m9ations may be correct4 ,! admiralty *>ts give twelve ?\s& n9e hundr$ & tw5ty-two feet1 ! det]m9ation ( ! exp$ition ( #aija4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,icel&1 ,,! ,,maid ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,sev]al ?\s& ye>s ago a mighty conflict occurr$ betwe5 ! sea & ! subt]ranean =ces 9 ! nor? ,atlantic five hundr$ miles nor?we/ ( ,scotl&4 ,a viol5t e>?quake r5t ! rocks ( ! ocean b$1 & ?r\gh ! brok5 floor !re issu$ trem5d\s floods ( molt5 lava4 ,! great conflict manife/$ itself 9 explosions ( /eam1 gigantic /reams ( r$-hot lava1 fro?y pumice1 & volcanic a%es4 ,= miles ar\nd ! wat] ( ! sea 0 see?+ & boil+4 ,aft] a:ile ! turbul5ce ( ! fi]y mass 0 subdu$ & x /ood congeal$ 9 ! v>i$ =ms ( rugg$ peaks1 contort$ ridges1 & deep valleys1 subsequ5tly to be seam$ & fur!r di/ort$ by e>?quakes & pil$ high] by fur!r volcanic outbur/s4 ,a new isl& _h be5 born4 ,ages roll$ on2 vegetation appe>$ z ! volcanic rock dis9tegrat$2 cry/al lakes 7 =m$ & riv]s1 f$ by frequ5t ra9s & melt+ sn[s1 fl[$ to ! sea4 ,?is comp>atively new isl& is ,icel&4 ,! book ( nature "h is op52 ! pr9t is cle>2 & ! language is s pla9 t he :o c read may le>n ! /ory4 ,! int]nal fires ( ! e>? seem to h tak5 _! f9al great /& 9 ?is f>-(f nor!rn l& & h wag$ a titanic battle to ! dea?1 z may be se5 9 _m places4 ,9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! isl& "o may f9d acres ( burn+ sulphur b$s1 small geys]s1 & mud caldrons1 all ( :i* atte/ to ! sl[ly dy+ volcanic =ces b5ea?4 ,al?\gh a comp>ative calm n[ exi/s1 an excit+ cause may at any "t awak5 ! slumb]+ volcanoes & aga9 r5ew ! "w ( de/ruction4 ,fossiliz$ =e/s are f\nd1 b ( trees diff]5t f ^? n[ exi/+4 ,climate & vegetation mat]ially *ang$ z c5tury succe$$ c5tury4 ,! writt5 hi/ory ( ,icel& beg9s ab\t ! ye> #hfj1 :5 a vik+ liv+ on ! ,f>oe ,isl&s :o 0 on 8 way home f ,norway1 be+ driv5 f> nor?w>d ( 8 c\rse1 came to an unkn[n coa/4 ,climb+ a high rock & look+ ar\nd1 he beheld no signs ( life2 be=e he c\ld return to 8 %ip1 h[ev]1 a sudd5 /orm came on1 cov]+ ! gr\nd ) a mantle ( sn[4 ,f ! latt] circum/ance he nam$ ! c\ntry ,sn[l&4 ,f\r ye>s aft] a ,sw$i% ma/]-m>9] 0 driv5 by /ress ( /orm to ?is same l&1 &1 build+ a h\se1 sp5t ! w9t] !re4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ summ] he sail$ ar\nd ! l&1 demon/rat+ t x 0 an isl&1 & call$ x aft] 8 own "n1 ,g>d>'s ,isl&4 ,on 8 return home he gave su* a favorable acc\nt ( ! isl& t a fam\s ,norwegian vik+ nam$ ,floki det]m9$ to seek x & to take possession4 ,hav+ ga!r$ 8 family & foll[]s1 & tak+ on bo>d "s live /ock1 he set sail = ! unkn[n l& by way ( ! ,f>oe ,isl&s4 ,! compass _h n !n be5 inv5t$1 b kn[+ t rav5s by in/9ct seek ! ne>e/ l& :5 fre$ on ! ocean1 he provid$ himself ) ?ree ( ^! birds to s]ve z guides4 ,he rema9$ a:ile at ! ,f>oe ,isl&s & !n boldly sail$ nor?w>d4 ,:5 he 0 sev]al days out he uncag$ "o ( ! rav5s1 :i* imm$iately took its flight back to ! ,f>oe ,isl&s4 ,lat]1 he set free a second bird4 ,?is "o1 aft] hov]+ high 9 ! air = "s "t1 seem$ bewild]$ & return$ to ! %ip4 ,/ill lat]1 ! ?ird rav5 0 set free1 :i* at once flew nor?w>d4 ,by pursu+ ! c\rse tak5 by ! la/ bird1 ,floki soon rea*$ ! desir$ l&4 ,! w9t] t foll[$ 0 v sev]e4 ,deep sn[s cov]$ hill1 rock1 & valley1 & ice blockad$ ! fiord4 ,floki _h neglect$ to h>ve/ ! wild grass1 & z a result 8 cattle di$4 ,di%e>t5$ by 8 losses1 he return$ to 8 native l&1 nam+ ! isl& :i* he ab&on$ ,icel&4 ,a few ye>s lat] ano!r ,norse rov]1 :o _h sla9 an enemy & 0 ?reat5$ ) v5geance by ! relatives ( ! victim1 took refuge on ! isl& :]e he sp5t a ye>4 ,he lik$ ! c\ntry s well t he return$ home & induc$ 8 reta9]s to accompany him back to 8 safe retreat4 ,approa*+ ! l&1 he ?rew into ! sea ! sacr$ columns :i* 8 vessel bore1 s t he might le>n ! w ( ! gods :]e to l& & f\nd a colony4 ,a viol5t /orm aris+1 ! pill>s drift$ out ( sight1 s he s\ght ! ne>e/ h>bor & !re he e/abli%$ a tempor>y camp4 ,?ree ye>s aft]w>d ! pill>s 7 f\nd on ! desolate %ore ( a lava /ream on ! we/ side ( ! isl&4 ,ne> by 0 a rivulet f ^: b$ a spr+ gu%$ =? emitt+ cl\ds ( /eam4 ,?i!r ! colony remov$ & ! pres5t capital1 ,reykjavik1 0 f\nd$4 ,! "n ,reykjavik means smok+ bay4 ,o!r vik+s foll[$ & select$ su* p>ts ( ! isl& z !y consid]$ be/4 ,h>old1 ! k+ ( ,norway at ?is "t1 det]m9$ to curb ! rebelli\s _s ( ! *iefs "u him4 ,s1 _m ( ! /urdy ,norsem51 *af+ "u 8 arbitr>y rule1 collect$ su* ( _! prop]ty z !y c\ld c>ry &1 putt+ x on bo>d _! /an* vessels1 sail$ away to ! l& ( refuge4 ,at ?is p]iod ( hi/ory ne>ly all nations consid]$ t might made "r2 b no class ( plund]]s excell$ ! ,norsem51 :o 7 wont to make p]iodical raids on ! v>i\s seaport cities & t[ns ( ,europe4 ,!y swoop$ ^u !m1 pillag+ & kill+ ! inhabitants1 & !n fl$ 9 _! swift vessels ) booty & captives be=e !y c\ld be int]cept$4 ,! audacity ( ! ,norse vik+s knew no b\nds4 ,!y pillag$ ,p>is1 ,bordeaux1 ,orleans1 & ne>ly e o!r city ( ,france accessible by wat]4 ,_! h&s fell heavily on ! coa/s ( ,spa9 & ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,illu/ration3 ,/reet 9 ,reykjavik1 ,icel& ,at "o "t a b& ( ^! fe>less sea-robb]s made _! lairs 9 ! ,%etl& & ,orkney ,isl&s & ev5 plund]$ ! coa/ ( ,norway1 ! abode ( _! k9sm54 ,_! conduct s exasp]at$ ,h>old t he det]m9$ to de/roy ! freeboot]s ( ! ,orkneys root & bran*4 ,ga!r+ a l>ge fleet1 he rel5tlessly pursu$ ! raid]s up e bay & inlet4 ,leav+ ! %ips1 he *as$ !m among ! rocky isl&s & ! s9u\s fiords4 ,:5 !y 7 ov]tak5 ! pursu]s %[$ !m no m]cy4 ,a few escap$1 &1 /eal+ away "u ! cov] ( d>kness1 ! hunt$ sea-robb]s fl$ 9 _! %ips to ,icel&4 ,all ! :ile ! tide ( immigration 0 augm5t$ by ! migrations ( disaffect$ nobles f ,norway4 ,?is nak$ volcanic isl& _h m attraction = !m ?an _! own c\ntry :]e fre$om 0 d5i$ !m4 ,sixty ye>s aft] ! fir/ settlem5t fifty ?\s& p _h made _! homes 9 ,icel&4 ,! inhabit$ p>ts 7 along ! coa/1 9 ! riv] valleys1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ! fiords1 r>ely ext5d+ f>!r ?an fifty miles inl&4 ,9 ord] to bett] ma9ta9 rights & settle disputes1 9 #icj ! *iefs or nobles e/abli%$ an ari/ocratic republic & adopt$ a con/itution4 ,! republic exi/$ f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,_m j laws 7 enact$1 "s ( :i* ,engl& 0 glad to borr[4 ,! legislative meet+s 7 held 9 ,?+valla1 a picturesque valley ?irty-five miles ea/ ( ,reykjavik4 ,?is valley 0 =m$ by ! s9k+ ( a lava area ( fifty squ>e miles4 ,9 ! middle ( ! valley1 flank$ by two huge jagg$ walls ( lava1 is a triangul> floor ( lava l a l>ge flatiron hav+ sep>at+ *asms meet+ at ! apex4 ,"h ! ,al?+1 or g5]al assembly1 met annually to make laws & settle disputes4 ,t[>d ! s\? ! valley slopes g5tly to ,?+valla ,vatn1 a beautiful %eet ( wat] ( cry/al cle>ness t5 miles long & five miles wide1 hav+ 9 "s places a dep? ( a ?\s& feet4 ,! sc5]y "h is "o ( rugg$ beauty & surpass+ gr&eur4 ,h>d by1 a riv] comes tumbl+ ov] its rocky b$1 !n calmly p\rs its icy wat] into ! placid lake4 ,no spot is bett] suit$ to inspire fre$om ( ?\ght & l(ty imag9ation ?an ?is primitive meet+-place ( a legislative assembly4 ,ev5tually1 ,icel& became subject to ,norway & aft]w>d a colony ( ,d5m>k1 :i* x rema9s to-day4 ,self-gov]nm5t & ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! old ,p>liam5t at ,reykjavik 0 grant$ by ,d5m>k 9 #ahgd4 ,icel& is n only out ( debt b has ! snug sum ( "o million cr[ns 9 its ex*equ]4 ,x is an ideal place = ! woman's rights advocates1 s9ce wom5 "h h ! "r to vote & d n *ange _! names :5 !y m>ry4 ,al?\gh ! isl& conta9s =ty ?\s& squ>e miles1 five-six?s ( x is un9habitable4 ,! pres5t population is eight ?\s&4 ,x may ) tru? be call$ nak$ because x is only p>tly clo!d ) vegetation2 moreov]1 su* vegetation z exi/s is scanty & conf9$ *iefly to ! riv] valleys & _! slopes4 ,9 ! int]ior are l>ge des]t areas cov]$ ) lava & %ift+ s&4 ,?is desolate expanse is frequ5tly div]sifi$ by ext5sive jokulls1 or elevat$ ice-fields1 "o ( :i* occupies f\r ?\s& squ>e miles4 ,/range z x may seem1 ! w9t]s 9 ! inhabit$ sections are n s sev]e z ^? ( ,new ,engl&1 ow+ to ! modify+ influ5ce ( ! w>m s\?we/]ly w9d & ! mild temp]ature ( ! surr\nd+ wat]s4 ,! summ]s are cool1 ow+ to ! ne>ness ( ! arctic ice-fields4 ,9 ! int]ior on ! table-l& "o is apt to enc\nt] sn[/orms ev5 9 ,augu/4 ,! only wild animal is ! fox1 ( :i* !re are two v>ieties1 ! :ite & ! blue4 ,^! animals probably drift$ on ! ice f ,gre5l&4 ,!y are hunt$ n only = _! sk9s b also because !y attack ! %eep4 ,! dome/ic animals are horses1 cattle1 %eep1 dogs1 & cats4 ,! horses & cattle are small4 ,! ewes1 in/ead ( ! c[s1 are milk$4 ,icel& ponies are fam\s = _! h>d9ess & are sure-foot$4 ,l>ge numb]s ( !m are export$ to ,engl& = s]vice 9 ! coal-m9es4 ,!re !y are condemn$ to h>d labor = life 9 ! d>k gall]ies4 ,icel& ranks second among ! geys] regions ( ! _w1 ,yell[/one ,p>k be+ fir/4 ,! boil+ spr+s & geys]s are n conf9$ to "o locality b are scatt]$ widely ov] ! isl&4 ,! mo/ prom95t are ea/ ( ,reykjavik4 ,accord+ to its area probably no o!r "p ( ! _w except ! isl& ( ,java has s _m volcanoes4 ,m ?an "o hundr$ crat]s & c9d] cones h be5 c\nt$1 _m ( :i* h be5 active )9 ! hi/orical p]iod ( ! isl&4 ,! mo/ de/ructive volcanic eruption took place 9 ,june1 #aghc4 ,! spr+ _h op5$ auspici\sly2 ! cattle1 %eep1 & horses 7 cropp+ ! juicy "y grass2 & ! air 0 balmi] ?an usual4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ,may a blui% smoke accompani$ by e>?quakes began to spread ov] ! l&4 ,z "t pass$ ! e>?quake %ocks increas$ 9 viol5ce4 ,! surface ( ! e>? heav$ l ! gr\nd swell ( ! ocean aft] a /orm2 ! atmosph]e became fill$ ) *ok+ vapors & bl9d+ smoke2 ! sun 0 d>k5$ & ! l[ rumbl+ s\nds became heavy peals ( ?und]4 ,pres5tly two mighty /reams ( lava1 "o ( :i* 0 fifte5 miles wide & "o hundr$ feet deep1 came p\r+ d[n ! sides ( ,skapt> ,jokull4 ,! lava floods fill$ up ! valleys1 qu5*$ riv]s1 & spread de/ruction ov] ! adjac5t c\ntry4 ,! int5se heat bla/$ ! vegetation f> & wide4 ,n9e ?\s& p & fifty ?\s& head ( live /ock 7 ! result ( ! dea? h>ve/4 ,illu/ration3 ,nor? ,cape1 ,icel& ,icel& is well wat]$1 hav+ _m /reams1 all ( :i* are rapid1 = ! great] "p fl[+ ov] b$s ( lava & quicks&4 ,9 "s ( ! wid] =ds /akes h be5 set s t ! travell] may n get lo/ 9 cross+ !m on horseback dur+ a d5se fog4 ,9 ! summ] ! frequ5t ra9s make travell+ v unpleasant unless "o is suitably equipp$ ) wat]-pro( g>m5ts4 ,9 ! ,hvita1 or ,:ite ,riv]1 is ! celebrat$ ,gullfoss--lit]ally1 goldfall--a fall t rivals ,niag>a 9 ! height ( its two cat>acts4 ,a few g>d5 vegetables except$1 little or no agriculture is attempt$2 ! *ief dep5d5ce ( ! p is ! re>+ ( %eep1 cattle1 & horses1 fi%+1 & ! collect+ ( eid]-d[n4 ,! /reams are fill$ ) excell5t fi%1 includ+ ! salmon2 (f ! coa/ are codfi%+ gr\nds equal to1 if n surpass+1 ^? ( ,newf\ndl&4 ,! mo/ valuable m9]al is sulphur1 ! supply ( :i* appe>s to be inexhau/ible4 ,! *ief exports are wool1 oil1 fi%1 horses1 eid]-d[n1 knit goods1 sulphur1 & ,icel& moss4 ,transp>5t calcite1 a m9]al commonly call$ ,icel& sp>1 is f\nd1 "o m9e ( :i* furni%es an excell5t quality4 ,x is highly priz$ by m9]alogi/s on acc\nt ( its d\ble refractive qualities4 ,if a piece ( ?is m9]al be plac$ ov] a ^w1 ! lett]s =m+ x w appe> d\ble4 ,icel& sp> is us$ *iefly 9 ! optical in/rum5t kn[n z ! pol>iscope4 ,eid]-d[n consi/s ( ! s(t1 f9e fea!rs gr[+ on ! brea/ ( ! eid]-duck1 great numb]s ( :i* frequ5t ! coa/ & lakes ( ,icel&4 ,?is duck is wild except at ! ne/+ season2 !n x is z tame z ! dome/ic f[l & makes its ne/ n only ar\nd & on top ( ! build+s b frequ5tly inside !m4 ,a heavy f9e is impos$ on any "o kill+ a duck at ?is season4 ,:5 ab\t to lay1 ! duck c>efully l9es h] ne/ ) d[n pluck$ f h] brea/4 ,!n p remove x f ! ne/ & ! duck pulls m d[n f h] brea/ to replace t tak54 ,?is process is repeat$ sev]al times4 ,:5 ! duck has /ripp$ h] own brea/ ! drake comes to ! rescue & furni%es d[n f 84 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( ! eggs are also tak54 ,^!1 ?\gh inf]ior to ^? ( ! swan1 are e/eem$ a great delicacy4 ,swans also are kill$ on _m ( ! lakes4 ,icel& is ! resort ( ! fi%+ fleets ( sev]al nations2 ! value ( ! annual cat* av]ages ab\t t5 million doll>s4 ,mu* ( ! cat* consi/s ( food fi%1 b _m are caught = ! oil4 ,! only trees f\nd gr[+ on ! isl& are bir* & a%1 & !y seldom exce$ t5 feet 9 height4 ,a few junip] bu%es & will[s are f\nd "h & !re4 ,9 ! remote & isolat$ sections mo/ ( ! dwell+s are built ( blocks ( lava laid "o ^u ano!r1 mak+ a wall six feet ?ick4 ,^u ^! are plac$ raft]s made f ribs ( :ales1 drift-wood1 or any?+ else t w answ] ! purpose4 ,! ro( is !n cov]$ ) grass & turf4 ,9 ! hamlets _m ( ! h\ses are con/ruct$ ( import$ lumb]1 !re be+ no trees ( suffici5t size on ! isl& = build+ purposes4 ,! inhabitants are v hospitable & e h\se is op5 to ! travell]4 ,!y live 9 a simple mann]1 dr9k s\r :ey & milk1 eat rancid butt]1 fi%1 mutton1 & occasionally ! li*5s call$ ,icel& moss4 ,:5 well cook$1 ! la/ nam$ is q palatable4 ,x is also a sov]eign rem$y = bron*ial ailm5ts4 ,not)/&+ _! _m privations1 ! p are loyal to _! c\ntry & lov+ly call x ,! ,maid ( ! ,nor?4 ,!y lead pa/oral lives & _! cu/oms are mu* l ^? ( ! ,hom]ic age4 ,/ory-tell+ is mu* appreciat$ by all classes4 ,!re are w&]+ m9/rels :o ga9 _! livelihood by go+ f h\se to h\se to recite ! /ories 9 prose & poetry :i* !y h le>n$ by he>t4 ,sp9dle & di/aff are us$ 9 sp9n+ ! wool into y>n1 :i* is !n knit or wov5 into clo? on a h& loom4 ,education is univ]sal1 & no *ild ( twelve ye>s c be f\nd :o is unable to read or write4 ,! families are s isolat$ t !re are few s*ools outside ( ! capital2 b ! p>5ts dilig5tly tea* _! *ildr5 :atev] !y !mselves h le>n$4 ,dur+ ! long w9t] ev5+s "o memb] ( ! family reads al\d :ile ! o!rs are busily at "w1 ! m5 mak+ nets & ropes1 or remov+ ! wool f ! %eepsk9s1 ! wom5 embroid]+1 sew+1 or us+ sp9dle & di/aff4 ,9 no o!r c\ntry ( ,europe are s _m books & pap]s publi%$ 9 proportion to ! population z 9 ,icel&4 ,on ! av]age "o hundr$ books are issu$ annually f ,icel&ic presses4 ,sev]al excell5t newspap]s & p]iodicals are also publi%$4 ,e ,icel&] to-day kn[s p]fectly ! sagas1 ! leg5d>y /ories t commemorate h]oes & h]oic de$s & :i* are s de> to 8 he>t4 ,x is n uncommon to f9d an ,icel&] :o is well v]s$ 9 ! anci5t classics or "o :o c speak sev]al languages4 ,!y are well acqua9t$ ) ! writ+s ( ,milton & ,%akespe>e1 :i* h be5 translat$ into _! own language4 ,dur+ ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies ,icel& produc$ a lit]ature equal to t ( any o!r nation 9 ,europe )9 ! same p]iod4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,gre5l& ,! hi/ory ( ,gre5l& really beg9s ab\t ! ye> #ihf ,a4 ,d41 :5 ,eric ! ,r$1 a *iefta9 :o _h be5 bani%$ f ,icel&1 l&$ on ! isl& ) "s ( 8 foll[]s & made x 8 p]man5t resid5ce4 ,at diff]5t times ^! h>dy & d>+ seam5 made exp$itions to ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & sail$ z f> s\? z ,*esapeake ,bay4 ,!y attempt$ to f\nd a colony on ! ea/ coa/ at a po9t ?\ght to be on ! coa/ ( ,new ,j]sey b1 aft] cont5d+ ) ! savages = "s "t1 deem$ x be/ to ab&on ! project & to return to _! ,gre5l& home4 ,! location at :i* !y attempt$ _! colony is by no means c]ta94 ,illu/ration3 ,/one igloos on ! bleak coa/ ( ,gre5l& ,all ?is isl&1 a half million squ>e miles 9 area1 except a small "p ( ! s\!rn coa/ l9e & a l>g] area 9 ! nor?1 is cov]$ by an imm5se glaci]4 ,& ?is field ( ice1 l a huge piece ( pla/ic wax1 is con/antly mov+ f ! int]ior d[n t[>d ! sea4 ,z x approa*es ! ocean x divides into bran*es :i* fl[ d[n ! num]\s fiords & valleys into ! sea4 ,z ! fronts ( ! bran* glaci]s are pu%$ out into ! wat] _! ends are brok5 (f by ! buoyancy ( ! wat]4 ,^! glacial-born masses !n float away z iceb]gs1 c>ry+ ) !m on _! s\?w>d j\rneys ! rock wa/e--mora9e detritus x is call$--ga!r$ by ! p>5t glaci]s4 ,:5 ^! float+ levia?ans are (f ! coa/ ( ,newf\ndl&1 !y enc\nt] ! wat]s ( ! ,gulf ,/ream1 melt1 & scatt] _! debris ( /ony matt] ov] a l>ge area ( ! ocean b$4 ,?is process1 hav+ gone on = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 has %oal$ ! ocean 9 c]ta9 p>ts1 =m+ ! s-call$ ,banks ( ,newf\ndl&4 ,a gelat9\s slime fill$ ) m9ute animal life =ms on ! bottom ( ! ocean 9 ! arctic2 ! cold curr5ts fl[+ s\? c>ry "s ( x along ) !m1 & mu* ( x is lodg$ on ! /ony bottoms ( ^! banks4 ,fi%1 especially ! cod1 are fond ( ?is gelat9\s sub/ance1 & ?rong ?i!r at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye> 9 c\ntless numb]s to fe$ ^u x4 ,"o ignorant ( ! curr5ts ( ! ocean might be puzzl$ at times 9 obs]v+ t an iceb]g floats s\?w>d at ! same "t t pieces ( wood are float+ nor?w>d1 bo? app>5tly act$ ^u by ! same curr5t4 ,?is may be expla9$ by recall+ t w>m wat] is light] ?an cold & h5ce is f\nd z ! upp] lay] :5 a cold & a w>m curr5t are fl[+ 9 diff]5t directions1 "o ^u ! o!r4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t sev5-eigh?s ( ! float+ iceb]g is "u wat]1 leav+ b "o-eigh? above ! surface4 ,! ,gulf ,/ream drift spreads out z x travels nor?w>d1 &1 be+ mu* %all[] ?an ! arctic curr5ts1 c>ries float+ objects nor?w>d on ! surface1 :ile ! deep] & m p[]ful arctic curr5ts =ce ! huge masses ( ice s\?w>d4 ,:5 ! w>m air ov] ! ,gulf ,/ream comes 9 contact ) ! float+ ice x is *ill$1 & ! moi/ure :i* x holds is cond5s$ into fog4 ,! fogs 9 turn1 :i* are (f ! ,newf\ndl& coa/1 be+ 9 ! l9e ( /eam%ip communication betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica1 are a con/ant m5ace to navigation4 ,! ne> pres5ce ( ice is usually detect$ by a great] *ill9ess 9 ! air4 ,9 ord] to avoid collisions ) "o ano!r1 & also ) iceb]gs1 a %ip con/antly s\nds its sir5s & fog horns z w>n+s :ile 9 ! fog belt4 ,! signal ( ano!r /eam%ip is a w>n+ ( ! "o2 ! answ]+ e*o ann\nces ! ne>ness ( ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,a l>ge iceb]g ,! high int]ior ( ,gre5l&1 ab\t t5 ?\s& feet 9 altitude1 is ?\ght to result l>gely f ! accumulation ( ages ( sn[ & ice1 only a "p ( :i* melts or moves oceanw>d to =m glaci]s4 ,no o!r "p ( ! _w is su* an absolute des]t z ! great] "p ( ?is isl&4 ,animal & vegetable life are :olly abs5t4 ,! colony :i* 0 plant$ 9 ,gre5l& by ,eric ! ,r$1 & subsequ5tly augm5t$ by o!r ,norsem51 cont9u$ to prosp] = f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,at ! end ( t p]iod !re 7 ab\t two hundr$ villages1 twelve p>i%es1 & two mona/]ies4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 disappe>$4 ,! ho/ility ( ! ,eskimos 9 "p acc\nts = _! ext9ction1 b an encroa*m5t ( ice f ! nor?1 :i* encompass$ ! s\!rn "p ( ! isl&1 is ?\ght to h be5 also a factor4 ,! fact t =eign trade ) ,gre5l& 0 =bidd5 by ! "m c\ntry may acc\nt 9 "p = ! gradual disappe>ance ( ! colony4 ,at all ev5ts1 int]c\rse ) ,europe seems to h be5 cut (f4 ,?is condition cont9u$ = upw>d ( two c5turies1 & :5 int]c\rse ) ! "m c\ntry 0 aga9 possible !re 0 no ,gre5l& colony4 ,p]haps ! f9d+ ( :ite ,eskimo 9 ,victoria ,l& may expla9 ?is disappe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,a gr\p ( ,eskimos 9 s\? ,gre5l& ,subsequ5tly ! isl& 0 aga9 coloniz$1 b conc]n+ ! disappe>ance ( ! =m] inhabitants hi/ory is sil5t4 ,! mute te/imony ( a few ru9$ build+s & relics is all t has be5 f\nd to give ! lea/ %ad[ ( in=mation z to ! f9al /ruggle ( ! wret*$ coloni/s4 ,we only "k t !y my/]i\sly disappe>$4 ,b ! great glacial cap is sl[ly rec$+ & ages h5ce m gr\nd w be laid b>e4 ,! pres5t inhabitants numb] ab\t t5 ?\s&1 mo/ ( :om are ,eskimos4 ,!y are lack+ 9 ?rift & live *iefly by hunt+ & fi%+4 ,among ! wild animals liv+ "h are ! arctic fox1 ! arctic h>e1 ! musk ox1 ! seal1 ! pol> be>1 ! erm9e1 & ! walrus4 ,! pr9cipal res\rces ( ! isl& are sealsk9s1 eid]-d[n1 oil1 & cryolite4 ,cryolite is a m9]al f :i* common soda is easily extract$1 & also f :i* ! light silv]-l alum9um 0 =m]ly prep>$4 ,! m9es ne> ! village ( ,ivigtut furni% practically ! _w's supply ( ?is m9]al4 ,=m]ly x 0 c>ri$ to ,philadelphia1 b 9 rec5t ye>s n mu* is us$4 ,! fi%]ies are a monopoly ( ,d5m>k1 & ea* /ation is visit$ f "o to ?ree or f\r times a ye>4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,:]e ,,! ,,two ,,great ,,oceans ,,meet ,p]haps !re is no section ( ! globe ab\t :i* mo/ well-in=m$ p]sons "k s little z ! s\!rn "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,judg$ by ! reports ( e>ly discov]]s & explor]s1 ?is region until rec5tly has be5 consid]$ a desolate /ret* ( sn[ m\nta9s1 b>r5 pla9s1 & ext5sive morasses1 sp>sely inhabit$ by a few ?\s& human be+s ( ! l[e/ type & wor?less to civiliz$ man4 ,su* a picture is b p>tly true4 ,_m ( ! highe/ m\nta9s are sn[-capp$ ?r\gh\t ! ye> & are scor$ by imm5se glaci]s :i* are con/antly mov+ d[n _! groov$ sides2 b !re are also heavily =e/$ slopes flank$ by valleys & pla9s cov]$ ) ri* grasses1 mak+ mo/ excell5t pa/urage4 ,! be/ l&1 compris+ a l>ge area1 is n[ occupi$ z graz+ gr\nds pr9cipally by %eep f>m]s4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury x 0 rumor$ t a wat] passage trav]s$ ! s\!rn "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,?is rumor 0 prov$ true 9 #aebj1 :5 ,f]d9& ,magellan1 a ,portuguese navigator 9 ! s]vice ( ,*>les ,v ( ,spa91 sail$ ?r\gh ! /rait :i* n[ be>s 8 "n4 ,he call$ ! passage ,todos los ,santos--lit]ally1 ,all ,sa9ts--b lat] ! "n 0 *ang$ to commemorate ! bold capta9 :o discov]$ ! r\te4 ,magellan 0 ! fir/ n only to sail ?r\gh ! /rait1 b to cross ! broad ,pacific ,ocean1 :i* 0 s nam$ by him on acc\nt ( ! quietness ( its wat]s4 ,because he saw ! fires built by ! natives blaz+ on ! isl&s along ! s\? side ( ! *annel1 he call$ !m ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 mean+ ,l& ( ,fire4 ,! ,/rait ( ,magellan v>ies f ?ree to sev5ty miles 9 wid?4 ,! sc5]y along its %ores1 l[ & treeless 9 ! ea/]n "p1 else:]e is m\nta9\s & heavily wood$--ma9ly ) bee*4 ,9 v>i\s places l(ty precipices rise abruptly f ! wat]'s edge2 ?r\gh\t mo/ ( its ext5t ! %ore l9e is rock-b\nd & /udd$ ) islets4 ,a m picturesque r\te1 & "o ab\nd+ 9 ! gr&e/ & mo/ /up5d\s sc5]y 9 ! _w1 is t f ! ,pacific by way ( ,smy? ,*annel1 ! entrance to :i* is f\r hundr$ miles nor? ( ! entrance to ,magellan ,/rait4 ,by ?is r\te "o foll[s a s]ies ( *annels & rea*es ! /rait prop] ne> ,desolation ,isl&4 ,on acc\nt ( ! dang]s besett+ ?is c\rse1 und]writ]s refuse to insure vessels tak+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,copyright1 ,und]wood ,und]wood1 ,new ,york ,! ,/raits ( ,magellan4 ,cape ,pil> is ! extreme we/]n end ,x rema9$ = a ,holl&] nam$ ,s*\t5 to discov] ,cape ,horn1 9 #afaf1 & ?us f9d a saf] way = sail+ vessels go+ f ! "o great ocean to ! o!r4 ,s*\t5 nam$ ! cape ,hoorn1 f 8 native city 9 ,holl&4 ,aft]w>d ! "n 0 %ort5$ to ,horn1 :i* is appli$ bo? to ! cape & to ! isl& f :i* x projects4 ,s9ce ! we/]n entrance to ! /rait is subject to r\gh1 tempe/u\s wea!r & /rong curr5ts1 v few mod]n sail+ vessels take ! %ort] c\rse1 pref]r+ to d\ble ! cape4 ,?\gh d\bl+ ! cape is ! saf] r\te1 yet ?is passage itself is beset by dang]\s /orms & tempe/u\s seas4 ,=tunate is ! sail+ ma/] :o r\nds ! ,horn ) pleasant wea!r4 ,"s ( ! small] isl&s ( ! ar*ipelago are d5sely wood$ & practically unexplor$4 ,gold has be5 f\nd on ! bea*es ( sev]al ( ! isl&s 9 pay+ quantities1 & ^! plac]s h be5 work$ successfully = sev]al ye>s4 ,on ! isl&s are f\nd wild /rawb]ries ( great size & f9e flavor1 wild raspb]ries1 gooseb]ries1 grapes1 & cel]y2 9 ! spr+ ! pa/ures are cov]$ ) a v>iety ( wild fl[]s4 ,a pr(usion ( f]ns is se5 almo/ ev]y:]e4 ,wild geese & swans are f\nd on ! lagoons & lakes 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,once ^u a "t ,patagonia1 z ! s\!rn "p ( ! cont95t is popul>ly call$1 0 reg>d$ z a wa/e2 n[ x is recogniz$ z a wond]fully f]tile region1 & is be+ rapidly settl$4 ,european colonies h be5 e/abli%$ !re1 & !y are highly prosp]\s4 ,! native ,indians are disappe>+1 hurri$ to ext9ction *iefly by ,k+ ,alcohol1 :i*1 once ta/$1 seems to conqu] !m4 ,trad]s "k ! weakness ( ^! savages1 & exploit x = all !y are wor?4 ,! articles :i* ! ,indians *iefly b>t] are sk9s1 pelts1 & o/ri* fea!rs4 ,! ,indians are well suppli$ ) horses1 ! desc5dants ( ^? br\ght to ,s\? ,am]ica by ,spani% explor]s4 ,!y are wond]ful rid]s & excel 9 ! use ( a peculi> lasso call$ ! bolas4 ,x consi/s usually ( ?ree balls ( /one or metal cov]$ ) ra:ide & atta*$ to "o ano!r by twi/$ ?ongs ( ! same mat]ial4 ,9 fight+ z well z 9 captur+ wild animals1 ?is in/rum5t is indisp5sable4 ,! op]ator1 hold+ "o ( ! balls1 sw+s ! o!rs ov] 8 head & :5 suffici5t mom5tum has be5 obta9$ lets !m g4 ,if well aim$1 ! connect$ balls circle ar\nd ! legs ( ! animal to be caught1 entangl+ & ?r[+ x d[n4 ,! ,indians ( ! ma9l& are /rong & tall4 ,unlike mo/ ,s\? ,am]ican ,indians1 !y g ab\t well clo!d4 ,occasionally !y kill _! horses = food1 b _! *ief reliance = bo? food & clo?+ is ! guanaco4 ,al?\gh ! ,indians h inhabit$ ?is "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica = c5turies1 !y foll[ well-beat5 trails4 ,!y live 9 a sup]/iti\s dread ( evil spirits1 :o !y believe dwell 9 ! d5sely wood$ m\nta9 slopes ( ! ,cordill]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fuegians ,! ,indians ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego ar*ipelago are mu* inf]ior to ^? ( ! ma9l&4 ,!y g almo/ or entirely nak$ & subsi/ on fi%4 ,! canoe ,indians1 z ^? 9 ! we/]n "p are call$1 build boats ( b>k sewn toge!r ) s9ews4 ,! boats are ab\t fifte5 feet long1 & 9 ! c5tre a quantity ( e>? is c>ri$1 ^u :i* a fire is built4 ,! canoe ,indians h nei!r *ief nor tribal relations2 ea* family is a law unto itself4 ,!y sp5d mo/ ( _! "t dur+ ! day 9 r[+ among ! diff]5t *annels :]e fi% may be obta9$4 ,at night !y g5]ally g on %ore to sleep4 ,a hole scoop$ out ( ! gr\nd or a %elt]$ rock ) a few b\ghs b5t d[n suffices = a h\se :]e all c huddle close toge!r = w>m?4 ,seldom d !y sleep m ?an "o night 9 a place1 fe>+ t if !y d n move on an evil _s w cat* !m4 ,9 ! ea/]n "p ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego & on "s ( ! o!r l>g] isl&s two tribes ( ,indians are f\nd ^: subsi/5ce consi/s ( sea food1 guanacos1 & su* %eep z !y c /eal4 ,^! tribes are cont9ually at enmity ) ! :ite settl]s & w kill !m :5ev] possible4 ,9 spite ( cl\dy wea!r & cold w9ds1 :i* are common a "p ( ! ye>1 ! climate ( ,patagonia is mild] ?an t ( places mu* f>!r nor?1 & ! %eep require no fe$+ dur+ ! w9t] season4 ,9 ! matt] ( %eep f>ms ?is section rivals ,au/ralia1 s9ce !re is no fe> ( dr\ght4 ,! grass cont9ues gre5 ! ye> ar\nd1 & ! %eep easily fatt5 ^u x4 ,! drawbacks to successful %eep-gr[+ are _m & ! bus9ess requires con/ant vigilance4 ,vultures1 foxes1 wild dogs1 pumas1 & ,indians make s]i\s inroads on ! flocks4 ,! wild dogs live 9 ! surr\nd+ =e/s & f "t to "t ru% out 9 packs ( f t5 to ?irty & attack ! %eep4 ,not)/&+ all ^! tr\bles1 h[ev]1 ! pr(its ( %eep-gr[+ are l>ge4 ,russians1 ,g]mans1 ,fr5*1 ,au/ralians1 ,engli%1 & ,scot*1 _m ( :om h amass$ l>ge =tunes 9 a few ye>s1 are engag$ 9 ?is lucrative bus9ess4 ,z 9 all o!r %eep-rais+ c\ntries1 ! collie is an invaluable aid to ! %eph]ds4 ,n only are ! pr9cipal isl&s *iefly devot$ to %eep-rais+1 b a consid]able "p ( ! s\!rn ma9l& is also devot$ to ?is indu/ry4 ,on ! isl& ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego alone !re are upw>d ( a million %eep4 ,mo/ ( ! l& is leas$ f ! gov]nm5t = a long t]m ( ye>s4 ,_m ( ! proprietors h enclos$ _! hold+s ) wire f5ces1 !reby less5+ ! exp5se ( c>+ = _! flocks4 ,"s ( ! hold+s range f tw5ty-five ?\s& to m ?an two million acres4 ,s\!rn ,patagonia has imm5se numb]s ( guanacos1 or wild llamas4 ,^! animals frequ5t ! ,&ean slopes & ! adjac5t pampas4 ,dur+ ! w9t] season !y come d[n to ! l[l&s to dr9k 9 ! unfroz5 lakes & fe$ ^u ! h]bage4 ,dur+ sev]e w9t]s sometimes hundr$s are f\nd dead f />vation 9 ! valleys ne> ! froz5 lakes4 ,?\s&s ( wild cattle are f\nd on ! ea/]n slopes ( ! ,&es1 b !y are difficult to capture2 !y are exce$+ly w>y & c sc5t a man f> (f4 ,9 agility 9 climb+ ! /eep1 r\gh places !y equal ! goat4 ,if "o ( _! numb] is kill$ ! :ole h]d des]ts ! locality at night4 ,:5 w\nd$ !y are fi]ce fight]s1 if =c$ into close qu>t]s4 ,punta ,ar5as1 or ,s&y ,po9t1 is on ! nor? side ( ! ,/rait ( ,magellan & is ,*ilean t]ritory4 ,x is a new t[n cut out ( ! woods1 & ev5 yet _m ( ! /reets are div]sifi$ by ! /umps ( big bee* trees4 ,! place is an important coal+ & provision /ation &1 next to ,honolulu1 ! mo/ important ocean po/-(fice 9 ! _w4 ,x has a population ( twelve ?\s&1 & is ! capital & c5tre ( ! great wool indu/ry ( ! ,t]ritory ( ,magellan1 :i* comprises a majority ( ! isl&s s\? ( ! ma9l&1 toge!r ) ! s\!rn "p ( ,patagonia4 ,a few ye>s ago1 9 ord] to enc\rage ! build+ up ( ,punta ,ar5as1 ! gov]nm5t (f]$ a lot free to any "o :o w\ld erect a build+ on x4 ,_m accept$ ! (f]1 & to-day "s ( ! lots 9 ! bus9ess "p ( ! t[n are v valuable4 ,al?\gh mo/ ( ! build+s are con/ruct$ ) reg>d to economy r ?an beauty1 yet "s ( ! bus9ess blocks w comp>e favorably ) ^? ( ! new cities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,l sev]al ,au/ralian cities1 ,punta ,ar5as 0 a convict colony4 ,x 0 f\nd$ z su* 9 #ahdc1 & s rema9$ until ! ,european /eam%ips began to ?read ! /rait in/ead ( d\bl+ ! ,horn4 ,!n x became a coal+ /ation1 a supply /ore1 a half-way t[n1 & an ocean po/-(fice4 ,all ?is bus9ess 0 previ\sly c>ri$ on at ! ,falkl& ,isl&s1 b ! r\te ?r\gh ! /rait settl$ ! bus9ess = bo? places4 ,! ,falkl& /ation 0 ab&on$2 ,punta ,ar5as became a ?riv+ t[n4 ,a ticket-(-leave 0 giv5 to ea* convict :o cons5t$ to jo9 ! ,*ilean army4 ,! t[n =?) blossom$ into a typical fronti] settlem5t--banks & gambl+ d5s1 *ur*es & saloons1 s*ools & bullfights4 ,e race ( p & almo/ e indu/ry is repres5t$ !re4 ,! ,spani% see to x t ! ,sunday bullfights are correct2 ! ,fr5* insure ! prop] social functions2 ! ,g]mans manage ! banks2 & ! ,am]icans take ! pr(its ( ! railways1 telegraph l9es1 & fl\r-mills4 ,z to latitude1 ,punta ,ar5as is cold & inhospitable2 b = bus9ess & social affairs1 x is v1 v w>m1 especially 9 ! matt] ( social affairs4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,reclaimable ,,swamp ,,regions ,if only ,dame ,nature _h di/ribut$ ! ra9fall ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates a bit m ev5ly1 l& en\gh to fe$ ab\t fifty millions ( p w\ld n h requir$ an exp5diture ( half a c5tury ( "t & sev]al hundr$ millions ( good1 h>d doll>s4 ,"o mu/ be> 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t if ,dame ,nature _h done o!rwise1 x is j z likely t ! same "t & ! same am\nt ( money w\ld h be5 requir$ else:]e = ^? same fifty millions ( p4 ,! reclaimable swamp l&s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s aggregate ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& squ>e miles 9 ext5t--an area ne>ly equal to t ( ,ohio1 ,indiana1 & ,ill9ois comb9$4 ,( ?is1 ,l\isiana has ab\t fifte5 ?\s& squ>e miles1 a tract ab\t z l>ge z ,massa*usetts1 ,rhode ,isl&1 & ,connecticut comb9$1 & ,florida has ab\t half h] entire area 9 swamp l&4 ,we/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ,cali=nia takes ! lead1 ) en\gh swamp l& to make a /ate ( respectable size4 ,9 ! case ( ,cali=nia1 if ! =ty-n9]s c\ld h wait$ ab\t a ?\s& ye>s !y w\ld h f\nd ! preci\s swamp l&s all prop]ly fill$ 9 = !m & ready = use2 = ! ,sacram5to & ,san ,joaqu9 ,riv]s long s9ce h be5 work+ at ! task ( fill+ up ! big holl[ betwe5 ! m\nta9 ranges4 ,b ! riv]s are a trifle sl[1 & ,cali=nians are always 9 a /eam+ hurry4 ,s ,uncle ,sam's eng9e]s are driv+ _! reclamation s*emes ) railroad spe$4 ,a few ye>s ago ^! l&s 7 wor? no?+2 dra9 !m & !y are wor? "o hundr$ doll>s p] acre2 improve !m accord+ to mod]n f>m+ sci5ce & !y are wor? t5 times z mu*4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,ev]glades ( ,florida ,9 _m in/ances ev5 ! quick me?ods ( ! reclamation au?orities are too sl[ = ! ,cali=nia f>m]1 & s he takes matt]s into 8 own h&s4 ,fir/ he acquires 8 l&2 !n he mortgages all 8 worldly possessions to surr\nd ! l& ) a dit* deep en\gh & wide en\gh to make a dike high en\gh to keep out flood wat]s4 ,8 l& aft] dra9+ is full ( ! /uff = :i* he o!rwise w\ld pay ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( doll>s4 ,phosphates & lime =m ! cov]+s ( m9ute swamp life & nitrog5 comp\nds are a "p ( _! bodies4 ,! pold]s ( ,holl& are n ri*] ?an ?is swamp l&2 inde$1 !y are n s ri*4 ,"o or two crops w pretty ne>ly ext+ui% ! mortgage & ?ree or f\r m w put ! own] on ,easy ,/reet4 ,9 ! bottom-l&s ( ! ,sacram5to ,riv] is an isl& t = fifty ye>s w5t a-begg+4 ,!n a company ) a %rewd head b\ght x1 dik$ x1 & dra9$ x4 ,n[ ! isl& has imm5se cel]y b$s & ! l>ge/ asp>agus f>m 9 ! _w4 ,! cel]y & cann$ asp>agus are %ipp$ to ! produce m>kets ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,ano!r great swamp area cov]s a l>ge "p ( ,l\isiana1 ,mississippi1 & ,arkansas4 ,?is swamp 0 made :5 ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico rea*$ half-way up to ,/4 ,l\is1 = ! delta ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] has be5 travell+ leisurely s\?w>d = sev]al ?\s& ye>s--s leisurely1 9 fact1 t ,ib]ville & ,bi5ville op5$ ! region to settlem5t fifte5 hundr$ ye>s or m too soon4 ,b ,uncle ,sam is tak+ a h& "h likewise1 & 9 ano!r fifty ye>s a population half z l>ge z t ( ,new ,york may n only live com=tably b get ri* on ! reclaim$ l&s ( ?is & adjac5t coa/ swamps4 ,! ,c>ol9as1 ,georgia1 & ,virg9ia all h l>ge areas ( coa/ m>%es--pocosons !y call !m--only a small "p ( :i* has be5 reclaim$4 ,=m]ly ^! 7 ! prop]ty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t2 !n !y 7 giv5 to ! ,/ates ) ! und]/&+ t !y 7 to be reclaim$4 ,l>ge tracts 7 sold to speculators = a few c5ts an acre1 & !re y are6 ,few ,/ates are ri* en\gh to h&le ext5sive reclamation ent]prises1 & s ! g5]al gov]nm5t /epp$ 9 aga9 & assum$ ! responsibility4 ,t means t ! "w ( reclamation w be skilfully & hone/ly done4 ,uncle ,sam may play "s que/ionable politics1 b he nev] mixes politics & gov]nm5t bus9ess4 ,( all ! swamp l&s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! region 9 ,florida kn[n z ! ,ev]glades is ! mo/ int]e/+ & ! mo/ romantic4 ,ponce de ,leon1 an ag$ ,spani% gov]nor ( ,porto ,rico1 :o 0 seek+ ! ,f\nta9 ( ,p]petual ,y\?1 discov]$--n ! long-s\ght f\nta91 b a p59sula deck$ ) su* a pr(usion ( fl[]s t he nam$ ! c\ntry ,florida4 ,f t "t until ye>s aft] x 0 c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,florida 0 repeat$ly baptiz$ 9 blood4 ,f ! fir/ !re 7 enc\nt]s betwe5 ! ,spani% & ,indians 9 :i* no qu>t] 0 giv5 on ei!r side4 ,lat]1 an ext]m9at+ w>f>e broke out betwe5 ! ,fr5* & ,spani% :5 a ,hugu5ot colony 0 massacr$ & n a man1 woman1 or *ild sp>$4 ,9 #aehf ,/4 ,augu/9e 0 burn$ by ,sir ,francis ,drake1 & a c5tury lat] x 0 plund]$ by ,engli% buccane]s4 ,/ill lat]1 frequ5t conte/s 7 wag$ betwe5 ! ,engli% colonies & ! ,spani% 9 ,florida4 ,previ\s to ! acquisition ( ,florida by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ho/ile ,indians1 toge!r ) fugitive :ites & r5egade negroes :o _h jo9$ !m1 made _m raids ^u ! settlem5ts 9 ,georgia1 robb+ & burn+ plantations1 murd]+ ! :ites1 & c>ry+ (f ! slaves4 ,retaliation to a c]ta9 ext5t 0 met$ out to ! blood-?ir/y savages until ,spa9 0 glad to c$e ! p59sula to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahai = five million doll>s4 ,!reby %e ridd$ h]self ( h] tr\blesome proteges4 ,! ,indian raids /ill cont9u$ aft] ! acquisition1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t !re=e s5t troops into ,florida to puni% ! trea*]\s savages1 :o gradually retreat$ s\?w>d until !y rea*$ ! ,ev]glades4 ,!re !y made _! f9al /&4 ,9 ^! almo/ inaccessible s9u\s wat] passages & ! d5se isl& vegetation = a long "t ! ,indians baffl$ our able/ milit>y (fic]s4 ,a sev5 ye>s' conte/ foll[$ :i* co/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates fifte5 hundr$ m5 & ne>ly tw5ty million doll>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,gr\p ( ,sem9ole ,indians 9 ! ,ev]glades ( ,florida ,aft] mu* negotiation & no end ( tr\ble ! ,indians--!y 7 ! ,sem9oles--c$$ _! l&s to ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ! promise ( an annuity ( tw5ty-five ?\s& doll>s & suitable l&s 9 ! ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,ab\t f\r ?\s& ( ! ,sem9oles 7 !n remov$ to _! new homes2 a small remnant refus+ to emigrate 7 left beh9d4 ,! "n ,ev]glades is appli$ to a va/ swamp conta9+ a multitude ( %all[ lakes /udd$ ) num]\s isl&s4 ,! region embraces mo/ ( ! s\!rn "p ( ,florida4 ,! wat] ( ! lakes1 ( :i* ,lake ,oke*obee is ! l>ge/1 v>ies 9 dep? f a few in*es to t5 feet4 ,! region itself has an area six times t ( ! ,/ate ( ,rhode ,isl&1 & on acc\nt ( ! difficulty 9 trav]s+ x is b imp]fectly kn[n4 ,c\ntless w9d+ intricate wat] *annels ext5d 9 e direction4 ,_m ( ^! are fill$ ) tall sawgrass :i*1 gr[+ f ! bottom1 greatly imp$es ! passage ev5 ( small boats4 ,! av]age elevation ( ! ,ev]glades above sea level is sc>cely tw5ty feet4 ,! wat] is bo? cle> & :olesome1 b ! surface is s ne>ly a dead level t ! curr5t is imp]ceptible2 x c be di/+ui%$ only by not+ ! position ( ! grass4 ,! isl&s are cov]$ ) a d5se gr[? ( oak1 p9e1 cypress1 & palmetto trees1 toge!r ) a jungle ( luxuriant tropical v9es & %rubs4 ,!y range 9 size f "o to "o hundr$ acres & are b slightly elevat$ above ! surr\nd+ wat]s4 ,ab\t ?ree hundr$ ,sem9ole ,indians inhabit ! int]ior & live by hunt+ & fi%+4 ,de]1 be>s1 ott]s1 pan!rs1 wild cats1 & snakes frequ5t ! l&2 alligators1 crocodiles1 fi% ( v>i\s k9ds1 & wat]f[l dwell 9 ! wat]4 ,9 ! we/]n "p ( ! ,ev]glades is ,big ,cypress ,swamp & 9 ! extreme s\!rn "p ,mangrove ,swamp1 :]e myriads ( mosquitoes are hat*$ out4 ,ext5d+ along ! ea/]n side ( ! ,ev]glades is a long1 n>r[ belt ( dry1 f]tile l& :i* is utiliz$ = f>m+ purposes4 ,a f>-rea*+ project to reclaim ! ,ev]glades has be5 propos$4 ,unlike ! ,we/]n projects1 ! problem is to get rid ( wat] & n to supply x4 ,! plans = reclamation include ! con/ruction ( dra9age canals & ! cle>+ ( ! jungle gr[?s4 ,x is purpos$ to use ! l& ?us reclaim$ = sug> gr[+4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! ,unit$ ,/ates is import+ annually ov] two hundr$ million doll>s' wor? ( sug>2 x is e/imat$ t by dra9+ only a "p ( ?is va/ area & plant+ x to sug> cane ! local dem&s c\ld n only be suppli$ b a l>ge surplus = export w\ld result4 ,! possibilities ( ?is region1 :5 prop]ly dra9$ & cle>$ ( its sup]flu\s vegetation1 are almo/ beyond computation4 ,x has a ri* soil1 abundant moi/ure1 & almo/ tropical climate4 ,reclaim$ l& ( ?is "* is suitable = rais+ n only sug> cane & subtropical fruits1 b a great v>iety ( o!r crops4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! co/ ( reclaim+ ! ,ev]glades1 s t ! l& may be made productive1 ne$ n exce$ "o doll> p] acre4 ,a great impetus has be5 giv5 to s\!rn ,florida by t wond]ful a*ievem5t ( eng9e]+1 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,flagl]'s ,florida ,ea/ ,coa/ ,railway4 ,?is railway /ret*es 9 a direct l9e along ! coa/ f ,jacksonville to ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate1 & has be5 ext5d$ along ! ,florida ,keys to ,key ,we/4 ,:5 all arrangem5ts are complet$1 ! tra9s w be f]ri$ across ,florida ,/rait betwe5 ,havana & ,key ,we/1 & freight w be s5t f po9ts 9 ,cuba to ,new ,york & ,*icago )\t reload+4 ,! build+ ( ! ,florida ,ea/ ,coa/ ,railway is "o ( ! great eng9e]+ feats ( ! _w4 ,9 its con/ruction f key to key ?\s&s ( tons ( rock & cem5t 7 dump$ into ! wat] on :i* massive viaducts 9 fifty-foot spans h be5 built to c>ry ! road-b$4 ,^! solid ar*ways1 ris+ f tw5ty to ?irty feet above ! wat]1 defy tides & /orm waves4 ,?is railway has become "o ( ! *ief factors 9 develop+ ! res\rces ( s\!rn ,florida & ha/5+ ! reclamation ( ! ,ev]glades4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,/range ,,rock ,,=mations--,,natural ,,bridges ,almo/ any unusual =m 9 nature is apt to attract ! eye & int]e/ ! behold]2 & :5 su* natural objects resemble artificial ones or be> a fanciful resemblance to animals ! simil>ity int5sifies ! int]e/ & almo/ always leads "o to apply fanciful names to !m4 ,9 w&]+ along a rocky %ore "o in/9ctively se>*es = ! curi\s =mations c>v$ out by ! unceas+ action ( ! waves2 & 9 j\rney+ ?r\gh rugg$ sections ( m\nta9 c\ntry ea* unusual rock =mation rivets ! att5tion at once4 ,caves especially h a peculi> attraction ( awe & curiosity comb9$4 ,su* natural objects z ,mammo? ,cave 9 ,k5tucky1 ,luray ,cave 9 ,virg9ia1 ,calav]as ,cave 9 ,cali=nia1 ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,gods 9 ,colorado1 ! ,giant's ,causeway on ! nor? coa/ ( ,irel&1 & ,f+al's ,cave on ! isl& ( ,/affa are visit$ annually by _m ?\s&s ( p4 ,& no wond] t all mank9d1 f ! savage to ! mo/ civiliz$1 is *>m$ ) natural ar*es spann+ great *asms4 ,no cyclopa$ia ( natural wond]s fails to give at lea/ a brief description ( ! ,natural ,bridge ( ,virg9ia :i* spans a small /ream t fl[s into ! ,james ,riv]4 ,s great a wond] 0 ! /ructure reg>d$ to be ev5 9 colonial times t x !n claim$ m>k$ att5tion4 ,?omas ,jeff]son became s mu* int]e/$ 9 ?is natural wond] t he appli$ to ,george ,,iii = a res]vation ( l& t %\ld include ! bridge1 & 9 #aggd 8 reque/ 0 grant$4 ,to accommodate di/+ui%$ /rang]s :o might visit ! bridge1 ,jeff]son built ne> by a log cab9 ( two rooms4 ,conc]n+ x he said3 ,! bridge w draw ! att5tion ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,devil's ,slide1 ,web] ,canyon1 ,utah ,*ief-,ju/ice ,m>%all describ$ x z ,god's greate/ miracle 9 /one4 ,& ,h5ry ,clay said x 0 ! bridge n made ) h&s1 t spans a riv]1 c>ries a highway1 & makes two m\nta9s "o4 ,on ! rocky abutm5ts are f\nd c>v$ ! names ( _m p]sons4 ,among !m is t ( ,wa%+ton4 ,9 8 y\?1 labori\sly cutt+ places = 8 h&s & feet1 he climb$ up ! face ( "o ( ! /eep abutm5ts & cut 8 "n above all o!rs1 :]e = sev5ty ye>s x /ood unsurpass$ 9 height4 ,9 #ahah a d>+ college /ud5t climb$ f ! foot to ! top ( ! rock1 ?us outrank+ all o!rs4 ,! ,natural ,bridge is compos$ ( blue lime/one2 x is two hundr$ & fifte5 feet high1 n9ety feet wide1 & spans a *asm eighty-five feet across4 ,a public highway l9$ ) trees passes ov] ! top4 ,! bridge itself is all t rema9s ( ! ro( ( :at once 0 a lime/one cav]n4 ,! s\!a/]n "p ( ,utah is ov]laid ) /rata ( r$ & yell[ s&/one hundr$s ( feet deep4 ,ages ago ?is :ole region 0 elevat$ & !reby 0 di/ort$ by ! int]nal =ces :i* pu%$ x upw>d4 ,subsequ5tly wond]ful trans=mations 7 wr\ght4 ,! fl[+ /reams gradually bor$ ?r\gh portions ( ! s(t1 uplift$ s&/one1 =m+ ar*es & digg+ deep canyons1 :ile ! air & ra9 r\nd$ (f ! rugg$ p>ts into graceful %apes4 ,wond]ful z is ! fam\s ,natural ,bridge ( ,virg9ia1 ! natural bridges ( ,utah are /ill m wond]ful4 ,9 ,:ite ,canyon ( s\!a/]n ,utah are ,edw91 ,c>olyn1 & ,augu/a ,bridges--magnific5t /ructures ( p9k s&/one c>v$ 9 l9es ( classic symmetry & possess+ gigantic proportions4 ,at lea/ half a doz5 natural bridges 9 ,utah surpass t ( ,virg9ia1 n only 9 beauty & gr&eur1 b also 9 dim5sions4 ,!y 7 discov]$ by cattlem5 9 #ahie1 b !y did n become kn[n to ! outside _w until #aiji1 :5 ! region 0 explor$ by ! ,utah ,ar*aeological ,exp$ition4 ,illu/ration3 ,wit* ,rocks1 ne> ,e*o ,canyon1 ,utah ,( ^! bridges ! ,edw9 easily ranks fir/ 9 graceful symmetry2 its span is "o hundr$ & n9ety-f\r feet1 its elevation "o hundr$ & eight feet1 its wid? ?irty-five feet4 ,comb9+ grace & massiv5ess1 ! ,augu/a /&s pre-em95t4 ,x rises 9 maje/ic proportions to ! height ( two hundr$ & tw5ty-two feet & has a span betwe5 abutm5ts ( two hundr$ & sixte5 feet4 ,! wid? ( ! road-b$ is tw5ty-eight feet & ! ?ickness ( ! ar* at ! key/one is =ty-five feet4 ,! height ( ! ,c>olyn ,bridge is two hundr$ & five feet & ! span "o hundr$ & eighty-six feet4 ,all ^! bridges span canyons ^: dep?s correspond to ! height ( ! ar*$ /ructures4 ,9 ,:ite ,canyon1 a few miles bel[ ,edw9 ,bridge1 "u its ov]hang+ rock walls1 are ! ru9s ( num]\s cliff-dwell+s4 ,! l>ge/ natural bridge 9 ! _w yet discov]$ is ! ,nonnezo%i4 ,x is 9 ,nonnezo%iboko ,canyon1 ,utah1 n f> f ! place :]e ! ,san ,juan ,riv] ent]s ! ,colorado4 ,?is mammo? ar* is m ( a fly+ buttress spann+ ! canyon ?an a real bridge4 ,its height is ?ree hundr$ & eight feet & its span two hundr$ & eighty-five feet4 ,to visit ^! bridges f ! ne>e/ railway /ation requires /age & horseback rid+ = upw>d ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five miles4 ,! latt] "p ( ! j\rney is made ov] a fa9t trail ?r\gh a rugg$ c\ntry2 b ! sc5]y amply repays "o = ! h>d%ips endur$4 ,! climatic *anges dur+ ! ages h be5 su* t ?is region is n[ almo/ inaccessible on acc\nt ( ! lack ( wat]1 except 9 ! e>ly spr+ :5 melt+ sn[s yield a tempor>y supply4 ,ev5 ! cattlem5 pa/ur+ _! h]ds 9 t section keep !m !re b a few weeks dur+ ! ye>1 s sc>ce is bo? wat] & vegetation4 ,9 ! ma91 natural bridges are ! result ( "o or ano!r ( sev]al causes4 ,a lime/one cav]n may be p>tly de/roy$ by /reams ( wat]1 leav+ a portion ( ! cav]n ) its ro( /ill 9 place2 ! "p ( ! ro( ?us rema9+ becomes ! ar* ( ! bridge4 ,a bran* ( ! ,s\!rn ,railway ?reads a natural tunnel ne> ,anni/on1 ,ala41 & ! tunnel is ! remnant ( an old lime/one cav]n4 ,9 o!r cases a natural bridge is =m$ :5 b[ld]s1 or a mass ( rock1 tumbl+ into a deep crevice is w$g$ & held 9 place4 ,9 /ill o!r in/ances a lay] ( h>d or sl[ly wea!r+ rock may re/ ^u a lay] ( rock :i* wea!rs rapidly4 ,9 su* cases1 if ! rock lay]s =m ! face ( a cliff1 natural bridges1 cav]ns1 & ov]hangs are apt to result4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,/range ,,rock ,,=mations--,,table ,,m\nta9 ,,( ,,cali=nia ,!re are _m table m\nta9s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 b ! "o :i* ,i am ab\t to describe is int]e/+ bo? f geological & f9ancial /&-po9ts4 ,! s-call$ ,table ,m\nta9 ( ,cali=nia is a massive natural railway embankm5t or colossal ,*9ese wall1 ext5d+ ?r\gh sev]al c\nties1 b be/ /udi$ 9 ,tuolumne ,c\nty4 ,! m\nta9 is =ty miles long1 f five hundr$ to eight hundr$ feet high1 & a qu>t] ( a mile wide at ! top4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! top is b>e ( vegetation & q level1 ?\gh slant+ slightly t[>d ! s\?4 ,9 places at ! base ( its precipit\s sides1 & sometimes ext5d+ "p way up1 p9e & o!r trees are f\nd gr[+4 ,?is gigantic wall1 brok5 ?r\gh 9 sev]al places by fl[+ riv]s1 is no?+ m nor less ?an a mighty /ream ( congeal$ basaltic lava call$ latite1 :i* 9 prehi/oric times1 ru%+ d[n ! we/]n flank ( ! high ,si]ras1 usurp$ ! b$ ( an anci5t riv] *annel1 dr9k+ up ! wat]s & pil+ up its molt5 mass bank high4 ,! b$ ( ! /ream be+ fill$ ) lava1 its wat]s n fl[+ ?r\gh ! gravel1 7 =c$ to f9d o!r *annels4 ,! action ( ! elem5ts dur+ subsequ5t ages has worn away 9 great "p ! banks ( ! plioc5e riv] & erod$ 9 places ! solid slate rocks to ! dep? ( two ?\s& feet1 leav+ ?is s9u\s wall z a mute witness ( ! mighty =ces ( nature4 ,on acc\nt ( ! excessive h>dness & durability ( ?is k9d ( basalt1 ?is monum5tal =tress w endure long aft] ! corrod+ too? ( "t %all h crumbl$ to du/ ! royal pyramids & _! v memory %all h be5 lo/ 9 oblivion4 ,"s geologi/s ?9k !re 7 two volcanic /reams ( lava1 "o succe$+ ! o!r by an int]val ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1 ! fir/ cov]+ ! aurif]\s gravel & ! second qu5*+ ! wat]s ( a subsequ5t riv] :i* _h =c$ a passageway ?r\gh ! fir/ fl[ ( lava4 ,scores ( tunnels h be5 run into ! m\nta9 to get at ! gravel ( ?is ,pactolian riv]4 ,millions ( doll>s ( gold h be5 extract$ f its b$1 & millions m await ! tunnel1 upraise1 & drift ( ! adv5tur\s m9]4 ,beg9n+ at ! top ( ! m\nta9 & work+ d[nw>d1 we f9d ! ord] ( mat]ials z foll[s3 ,a cap ( basalt f sixty to ?ree hundr$ feet ?ick1 a b$ ( breccia ( v>y+ ?ickness1 two hundr$ feet ( conglom]ate &esitic s& 7volcanic a% ( ! m9]s71 a b$ ( pipe-clay1 & !n aurif]\s gravel re/+ on a b$rock ( slate4 ,9 tapp+ ! anci5t riv]-b$ consid]able wat] is enc\nt]$ fl[+ ?r\gh ! gravel4 ,to get rid ( ?is wat] has be5 a problem ( exp5se & annoyance to ! m9]4 ,to measure ! "t t has pass$ s9ce ?is buri$ riv] roll$ ov] gold5 s&s /agg]s ! intellect4 ,x is e/imat$ t f "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& to f\r hundr$ ?\s& ye>s mu/ h elaps$4 ,?is curi\sly =m$ m\nta9 has be5 lik5$ to a monoli?ian s]p5t4 ,:]e ! ,/anislaus ,riv] breaks abruptly ?r\gh ! m\nta9 ! eye gazes 9 wond] f ! cre/ d[n two ?\s& feet to a seem+ly t9y cr[d$ /ream bel[1 ru%+ madly on its way to ! sea4 ,_m int]e/+ rema9s ( animals h be5 f\nd 9 ! gravels "u ?is m\nta94 ,9 runn+ a tunnel "u ,table ,m\nta9 "s ye>s ago1 ! m9]s came across a l>ge mass ( tall[ weigh+ ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds1 & 9 proximity 7 ! bones & tusks ( a huge animal4 ,_m bones & tusks ( ! mammo? & ma/odon1 n to m5tion ! rema9s ( o!r animals1 h be5 f\nd 9 ! anci5t riv]-b$4 ,probably "s ( ^! elephant9e animals 7 sport+ 9 ! wat] & da%+ x ov] !mselves :5 ! /ream ( lava1 sweep+ d[n1 ov]:elm$ !m1 try+ out ! tall[ & pres]v+ _! skeletons = ! wond]m5t ( civiliz$ man4 ,at "o place 9 ! m\nta9 ! deep ro> ( a wat]fall is he>d4 ,at ano!r1 :]e !re is a deep break1 is a s]ies ( passageways & caves :]e ! outlaw ,murietta _h 8 hid+-place4 ,9 sev]al places on ! top ( ! m\nta91 by /rik+ ! foot d[n h>d1 a holl[1 rev]b]at+ s\nd is he>d4 ,we give 9 8 own words ! acc\nt ( an explor]'s visit to ! s-call$ ,bo/on tunnel :i* runs b5ea? ,table ,m\nta93 ,he>+ ( a celebrat$ petrifi$ tree 9 ! ,bo/on tunnel1 :i* runs "u ,table ,m\nta91 ,i det]m9$ if possible to see x & procure "s specim5s4 ,aft] consid]able inquiry ,i f\nd a m9] :o said he knew :]e ! tree 02 t ! tunnel 9 :i* x 0 locat$ _h be5 ab&on$ _m ye>s ago2 t no p]sons _h ent]$ x = ye>s2 t rocks 7 con/antly fall+1 mak+ x exce$+ly dang]\s to ent]1 & t v likely x 0 s clogg$ up ) rocks t no "o c\ld get to ! tree4 ,:5 ,i _h express$ my great desire to see ?is tree1 & coax$ him1 at l5g? he promis$ to take me to ! tunnel to see its condition1 b said he w\ld n promise to guide me into x4 ,hav+ dress$ ourselves 9 ov]alls & jump]s1 ) c&les & geological hamm]s 9 h& we set out = our de/9ation4 ,on approa*+ ! tunnel my guide at once began to ?r[ /ones into ! bu%es on ei!r side ( ! entrance4 ,:5 ask$ :y he ?rew ! /ones1 he repli$ t ab\t ! m\? ( old tunnels rattlesnakes are wont to resort to get out ( ! burn+ sun4 ,n f9d+ any rattl]s1 we proce$$ d[n ! incl9e to ! m\? ( ! tunnel4 ,f9d+ ! m\? n ob/ruct$1 & light+ our c&les1 we ent]$4 ,sometimes crawl+ on our h&s & knees ov] fall5 rock ) sc>cely a foot ( extra room above our heads1 !n /oop+ l[1 !n walk+ upright1 aga9 crawl+ betwe5 huge masses ( rock & e>?1 & cr[d+ betwe5 slant+ monoli?s1 we made our way ?r\gh ! mud & wat] dripp+ on u f ! ro( above4 ,:5 "p way 91 ! guide hesitat$ & decl>$ t we 7 tak+ our lives 9 our h&s if we w5t f>!r2 t ! five-ton rock ly+ 9 front ( our pa? _h v rec5tly fall5 f ! ro(1 probably a week be=e1 possibly a day or only an h\r be=e4 ,po9t+ to ! ro( ) 8 c&le he said3 ',d y see t piece ( rock p>tly deta*$ & ready to fall at any mom5t8' ,ackn[l$g+ ! ?reat5+ conditions1 ,i urg$3 ',if n too dang]\s1 ,i d wi% t we might g on until we f9d ! tree4' ,said he3 ',if y promise n to /rike any ( ^! rocks ) y\r hamm]1 we w v5ture a little f>!r4' ,y may be assur$ t ,i n only promis$1 b obey$4 ,at ?is juncture1 ,i mu/ confess1 a peculi> s5sation came ov] me :5 ,i ?\ght ( ! possibility ( be+ buri$ alive or cru%$ to dea? 9 ?is subt]ranean cav]n1 yet pride kept me f %[+ ! :ite fea!r4 ,! guide1 go+ ahead & exam9+ ! walls & ro(1 call$ back to me 9 a l[ voice1 say+1 ',we are n[ saf]4' ,hav+ trav]s$ ! ma9 tunnel = a di/ance ( upw>d ( eight hundr$ feet1 & c>efully avoid+ its bran*es1 we f9ally came to ! object ( our se>*4 ,?is tree1 f\r feet 9 diamet]1 ( opaliz$ wood1 /&s upright on ! left side ( ! tunnel4 ,! lava _h burn$ (f ! b>k & p>tly c>boniz$ ! outside "p1 & !n ! :ole _h subsequ5tly tak5 ! =m ( opal silica4 ,!re is a space ( ab\t f\r in*es betwe5 ! tree & ! surr\nd+ lava4 ,by rais+ ! c&les above our heads we c\ld look up ! body ( ! tree "s ?irty feet4 ,:5 we _h brok5 (f "s *oice specim5s f ! body ( ! tree ) ! hamm] we left ?is subt]ranean _w4 ,on em]g+ f ! tunnel ! guide said3 ',?ank ,god1 we aga9 see ! sunlight4' ,to :i* ,i repli$3 ',am54' ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,/range ,,rock ,,=mations--,,gibralt> ,a huge project+ lime/one rock1 9 =m l a recl9+ lion1 gu>ds ! entrance to ! n>r[ wat] passage :i* sep>ates ,europe f ,africa4 ,?is wond]ful feature1 ! ,rock ( ,gibralt>1 ext5ds directly s\?w>d f ! ma9l& ( ,spa9 ) :i* x is connect$ by a l[1 s&y i/hmus4 ,x is ab\t ?ree miles 9 l5g? & 9 bread? v>ies f "o-f\r? to ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile4 ,two depressions divide x into ?ree summits1 ! highe/ ( :i* is ab\t f\rte5 hundr$ feet4 ,let u visit ! small city ly+ at its we/]n base & !n c>efully exam9e ?is levia?an s5t9el t seems to /& gu>d ov] ! n>r[ /rait4 ,! special p]mission ( ! milit>y comm&] to exam9e x or ev5 to rema9 9 ! city mu/ fir/ be obta9$2 we are especially w>n$ t cam]as are =bidd5 & all negatives w be confiscat$4 ,! nor? face we f9d to h an almo/ p]p5dicul> height ( twelve hundr$ feet2 its ea/ & we/ sides also display trem5d\s precipices4 ,! s\? face is mu* l[] & slopes t[>d ! sea4 ,=tifications ( massive walls & ! be/ ( mod]n guns protect ! l[] p>ts & also ! seaw>d side ( ! city4 ,b :at are ^? holes high up on ! faces ( ! rock8 ,!y are por?oles cut ?r\gh ! rock f int]ior *amb]s out ( :i* cannon c be ?ru/ & dis*>g$ at an invad+ enemy4 ,we are curi\s to le>n m ab\t ?is int]e/+ place1 & on que/ion+ our guide are told _m rem>kable /ories4 ,! ,rock ( ,gibralt> is honeycomb$ ) caves1 passageways1 & *amb]s1 "s ( :i* are natural & o!rs artificial4 ,we ent] ! l>ge/ ( ^! natural caves1 ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 & z we /& 9 ! ma9 hall1 a spaci\s *amb] two hundr$ feet 9 l5g? & sev5ty feet 9 height1 we are amaz$ at its beauty & gr&eur4 ,colossal columns ( /alactites seem to support its ornam5tal ro( & all ar\nd are fanta/ic figures--foliage ( _m =ms1 beautiful /atuettes1 pill>s1 p5dants1 & %apes ( picturesque beauty rivall+ ^? ( ,mammo? ,cave4 ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,cave is elev5 hundr$ feet above sea level & is connect$ by w9d+ passages ) f\r o!r caves ( a simil> "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is /rong & impregnable place is ! ,rock ( ,gibralt>1 & ! city ne/l+ at its base1 ,gibralt> ,to six ( ! caves di/9ct names h be5 giv54 ,"o ( ! caves is ?ree hundr$ feet bel[ sea level4 ,ab\t ?ree miles ( passageways1 exclusive ( _m /orage *amb]s1 h be5 hewn s z to connect ! diff]5t caves & natural passages1 & s l>ge h !y be5 made t a wagon c be drawn ?r\gh !m4 ,)9 ?is rock are /or$ supplies ( ammunition & suffici5t provisions to la/ sev]al ye>s4 ,9 clamb]+ ab\t ! rock we f9d cannon c>efully conceal$ 9 scores ( diff]5t places ready = use :5 ne$$4 ,9 places ! rock is ov]laid ) ?9 soil :i* produces a v>iety ( vegetation4 ,!re are grassy gl5s1 ) trees1 & luxuriant g>d5s surr\nd+ pretty ,engli% cottages4 ,dur+ ! ra9y season wild fl[]s 9 great pr(usion spr+ up 9 all directions1 b 9 ! summ] ! rock pres5ts a dry1 b>r5 aspect4 ,?is /rong & impregnable place is ! ,rock ( ,gibralt> & ! city ne/l+ at its base1 ,gibralt>4 ,! city has a population ( tw5ty-five ?\s&1 ( :om sev]al ?\s& are soldi]s =m+ ! g>rison4 ,! g>rison ) _! artill]y1 two pieces ( :i* weigh "o hundr$ tons ea*1 re9=c$ ) ! /ronge/ ( =tifications1 are ?\ght to be capable ( )/&+ ! comb9$ ho/s ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,e>ly 9 ! eigh? c5tury ! ,moors1 p]ceiv+ ! /rategic importance ( ! promontory1 took possession ( x & erect$ =tifications4 ,dur+ ! succe$+ n9e hundr$ ye>s ! =tress 0 besieg$ no less ?an twelve times1 & on sev]al occasions 0 captur$ by invad]s4 ,at l5g? x became a possession ( ,spa91 & s /rongly 0 x =tifi$ by ! ,spani% t x 0 ?\ght to be impregnable4 ,dur+ ! ,w> ( ! ,spani% ,succession1 h[ev]1 ! comb9$ =ces ( ,engl& & ,holl& laid siege to x1 & aft] a /ubborn resi/ance ! g>rison 0 =c$ to surr5d]4 ,=?) ! ,engli% took possession 9 ! "n ( ,que5 ,anne &1 /r5g!n+ ! =tifications1 h held ! =tress ev] s9ce4 ,spa9 0 greatly mortifi$ by ! loss ( ?is /ronghold :i* %e deem$ rightly belong$ to h]4 ,sev]al times dur+ ! ensu+ sev5ty-five ye>s1 s+le-h&$1 %e laid siege to ! citadel 9 ! endeavor to w9 x back1 b ea* "t %e signally fail$4 ,a seem+ly auspici\s "t arriv$ 9 #aggi :5 %e secur$ ! co-op]ation ( ,france4 ,= ! succe$+ f\r ye>s a rel5tless siege 0 laid to ! =tress by ! comb9$ l& & naval =ces ( ,spa9 & ,france4 ,bo? nations summon$ to _! aid _! able/ g5]als & admirals1 us+ e conceivable device & /rategy to capture ! =tress1 b all 9 va94 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( ?is siege ! supreme comm& ( bo? l& & naval =ces re/$ ) ! ,spani%1 b1 hav+ met ) failure aft] failure1 !y 7 ready at l5g? to give way to ! ,fr5*1 :o promis$ to capture ! /ronghold by con/ruct+ a p[]ful fleet ( batt]+-%ips1 enabl+ !m to fight at close range1 s t gun to gun & man to man %\ld decide ! conte/4 ,! ,fr5* eng9e] :o prep>$ ! armam5t cut d[n ! huge bulw>ks ( ! sides ( t5 ( ! ,spani% battle-%ips & proce$$ to recon/ruct !m )9 & )\t4 ,! recon/ruct$ %ips 7 mu* l ! ,m]rimac1 t did su* de/ructive "w 9 our ,civil ,w>1 except t !y 7 n armor$ ) iron4 ,triple beams ( heavy oak ) lay]s ( s& & cork betwe5 !m 7 us$ = encas+ ^! huge hulks4 ,= protect+ ! crews heavy timb]s cov]$ ) rope & hides 7 us$4 ,on ,septemb] #ab1 #aghb1 fifty l9e-(-battle %ips fly+ flags1 toge!r ) a fleet ( small] vessels1 l9$ up be=e ! t[n4 ,?is =midable fleet 0 support$ on l& by an army ( =ty ?\s& m5 re9=c$ ) batt]ies ( ! heavie/ ordnance /ret*$ along ! %ore4 ,to oppose ^! ! ,engli% comm&]1 ,g5]al ,eliott1 _h n9ety-six pieces ( artill]y & sev5 ?\s& m54 ,s confid5t 0 ! enemy ( success t ! triple-armor$ batt]+-%ips mov$ boldly up to )9 half-gun%ot range4 ,at a signal ! ,engli% op5$ fire1 :i* 0 in/antly answ]$ by ! float+ batt]ies & ! :ole %ore l9e2 f\r hundr$ guns 7 !n play+ on ! beleagu]$ t[n4 ,soon dea? & de/ruction 7 made evid5t on bo? sides4 ,!re seem$ to be b "o ?+ = ! ,engli% to d to save !mselves1 & t 0 to set fire to ! enemy's %ips4 ,accord+ly1 furnaces 7 plac$ beside ! batt]ies 9 :i* heavy cannon balls 7 made :ite-hot4 ,! guns1 %ott$ ) ^! gl[+ balls1 7 !n turn$ on ! %ips4 ,! enemy attempt$ to gu>d aga9/ ! hot %ot by cont9ually pump+ wat] into ! lay] ( s& betwe5 ! wood5 %ea?+ ( ! %ips1 & = a "t succe$$ 9 ext+ui%+ ! fires4 ,x 0 n long ?\gh be=e ! admiral's %ip caught fire1 & z night drew on1 ! flames1 indicat+ ! position ( ! ,spani% l9e1 furni%$ a m>k = ! ,engli% guns4 ,at midnight t5 ( ! besieg+ %ips 7 on fire4 ,rockets 7 ?r[n up & di/ress signals hoi/$ to summon aid f _! consorts4 ,! flames m\nt$ high] & high]1 illum9at+ sky1 sea1 & rock4 ,! %rieks ( ! w\nd$ & dy+ fill$ ! midnight air4 ,:5 x 0 f\nd t ! %ips c\ld n be sav$1 all discipl9e 0 lo/ & a panic ensu$4 ,hundr$s p]i%$ mis]ably1 :ile hundr$s ( o!rs ?rew !mselves into ! sea4 ,see+ ! t]rible de/ruction wr\ght by fir+ hot balls1 ,g5]al ,eliott ord]$ 8 m5 to man ! boats 9 ord] to save _! foes f dr[n+ & burn+4 ,) ! greate/ h]oism !y sc\r$ ! sea1 &1 m\nt+ ! burn+ vessels1 dragg$ f ! decks m5 des]t$ by _! own p4 ,:ile p]=m+ ^! humanit>ian acts sev]al ( ! ,engli% p]i%$ by explosions4 ,?ree hundr$ & fifty-sev5 ( ! enemy 7 sav$ f a horrible dea?4 ,! foll[+ morn+ disclos$ a sea cov]$ ) wrecks4 ,a few days m ( feeble bomb>dm5t ensu$2 !n a treaty ( peace 0 sign$4 ,f a /rategic /&-po9t1 ! ,rock ( ,gibralt> is easily ,great ,brita9's mo/ important /ronghold1 because x gu>ds ! trade r\te to h] mo/ important possession--,briti% ,india4 ,practically all h] comm]ce ) h] ,indian colonies passes ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea & ! ,suez ,canal4 ,) ei!r "o 9 ! possession ( an enemy1 ,briti% comm]ce w\ld n only suff] heavy losses1 b x might be de/roy$ altoge!r4 ,s necess>y is ! comm& ( ! ,/rait ( ,gibralt> to ,great ,brita91 t to lose ! ,rock might also mean ! loss ( ,briti% ,india4 ,at ! pres5t "t ,great ,brita9 is cont9ually add+ to ! def5ces by build+ new =tifications & replac+ ! old] guns ) ! late/ patt]ns4 ,9 anci5t times ! "n ,calpe 0 appli$ to ! rock ( ,gibralt> & ,abyla to ! em95ce 9 ,africa on ! opposite side ( ! /rait1 & bo? ( ^! em95ces =m$ ! r5[n$ ,pill>s ( ,h]cules4 ,= c5turies no %ips navigat+ ! ,m$it]ranean d>$ sail beyond ^! pill>s4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,! ,,baku ,,oil ,,fields ,cross+ ! ,black ,sea1 we leave ! /eam] at ,batum & take ! tra9 = ,baku1 ! comm]cial c5tre ( ! greate/ oil field 9 ! _w--a region :]e ! supply ( petroleum & natural gas seems almo/ inexhau/ible4 ,imm5se subt]ranean oil res]voirs und]lie ?is entire region & ext5d ea/w>d "u ! ,caspian ,sea & beyond to ! ,balkan hills4 ,n only d oil & gas exude f ! gr\nd1 b1 z 9 ! ,cali=nia fields1 !y come up ?r\gh ! sea-bottom2 ! oil floats on ! surface ( ! wat] & ! gas1 pure z t us$ 9 our cities1 passes (f into ! air4 ,9 sev]al places gas :i* bubbles up ?r\gh ! sea-wat] may be ignit$2 !n = a long di/ance ! sea seems to be aflame4 ,9 _m places on ! l& a fire = light+ or heat+ purposes is made by ?ru/+ a pipe d[n into ! gr\nd & ignit+ ! gas :i* rises 9 ! tube4 ,! wat]s ( ! ,caspian ,sea along ! ,baku %ore are usually f9e = ba?+1 b if ! w9d bl[s inl& = a :ile ! oil float+ on its surface accumulates1 =m+ a black scum on ! top1 putt+ an end to ! ba!rs' sport until an (f%ore w9d sets 94 ,t5 miles f ,baku1 once ^u a "t1 !re 0 a temple ov] a cleft 9 ! rocks f :i* gas arises4 ,! gas 0 kept burn+1 t5d$ by ,p>see prie/s1 = m ?an two ?\s& ye>s & until ! adv5t ( ! mod]n oil well4 ,?is flame 0 a special object ( adoration by ! fire-wor%ipp]s :o 7 ! foll[]s ( ,zoroa/]1 & _m w5t !re to pay homage to x4 ,9 ?is region "o may travel = miles & miles )\t see+ a tree1 %rub1 or blade ( grass4 ,! l&scape consi/s ( a roll+ surface ( rocks & s&4 ,x is b>r51 dry1 & de/itute ( all objects ( int]e/4 ,sometimes = six mon?s or m n a drop ( ra9 falls to lay ! du/4 ,if we g into ! section :]e oil-wells are sunk1 a slight relief to ! view is af=d$ by ! m\nds ( s& m>k+ ! sites ( oil wells1 d]ricks1 ! inky petroleum lakes1 & ! huge iron res]voirs4 ,b all ar\nd is dry & du/y save :]e ! oil has m+l$ ) ! e>?2 !re ! surr\nd+s are n only unpleasant to sight & smell b ru9\s to peace ( m9d z well4 ,= tw5ty-five c5turies ?is region has be5 fam\s = its petroleum1 & = upw>d ( a ?\s& ye>s ! surr\nd+ peoples h _h rec\rse to ^! spr+s to obta9 supplies ( oil = m$ic9al & dome/ic purposes4 ,h]odotus has giv5 an int]e/+ description ( !m4 ,ev5 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! twelf? c5tury petroleum 0 an important article ( export f ,baku4 ,crude petroleum 0 us$ to ano9t camels = mange4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury ,pet] ! ,great annex$ ,baku to ,russia4 ,aft] 8 dea? x 0 c$$ back to ,p]sia2 b 9 #ahja x 0 aga9 annex$ to ,russia4 ,to-day ,baku is "o ( ! important comm]cial cities ( ! ,russian ,empire4 ,its %ipp+ is imm5se & to fur!r its comm]ce !re are magnific5t docks4 ,! city is built on ! %ores ( a l>ge bay1 %elt]$ f adv]se w9ds by an isl& t acts z a breakwat]4 ,! wat]-front has an an*orage = ?\s&s ( vessels4 ,"o may walk along ! /r& = eight miles & f9d %ips l9$ up 9 front ( ! city ! entire di/ance4 ,! ,caspian is fill$ ) v>i\s k9ds ( fi%1 & :ile ba?+ "o might reasonably h ! impression t he 0 swimm+ 9 an aqu>ium4 ,9 fact1 ?is place is an ideal "o = an ,izaak ,walton4 ,on ! isl&s beyond ! p59sula1 project+ out f ! ,baku section1 petroleum gas has flam$ = c5turies1 light+ ! heav5s at night ) a lurid gl>e t is visible f> out at sea4 ,9 ,baku ,bay1 betwe5 two p59sulas1 !re 0 a spot1 n[ comm]cializ$ into a produc+ oil well1 :]e ! gas came to ! surface ) suffici5t =ce to upset small boats4 ,_m ( ! oil wells are sp\t]s = a long "t aft] !y are fir/ bor$1 & :5 !y cease to sp\t !y c frequ5tly be made to r5ew _! activity by deep] bor+4 ,wells h be5 pump$ = ye>s )\t ! level ( ! oil be+ l[]$ 9 ! slighte/4 ,"s ( ! wells :i* h caught fire accid5tally h burn$ = ye>s1 s5d+ up _! pill>s ( fire to a great height4 ,9 a few in/ances ! ri*e/ wells h made ! own]s practically bankrupt by ov]:elm+ ! build+s on adjo9+ prop]ty ) s& & petroleum1 spread+ ru9 f> & wide be=e ! fl[ c\ld be *eck$4 ,a majority ( ! great oil wells are ab\t t5 miles f ,baku1 & a doz5 pipe-l9es convey ! petroleum f !m to ,black ,t[n1 a suburb ( ,baku1 :]e x is /or$ & ref9$4 ,f "o well alone ! escap+ oil w\ld h br\ght m ?an five million doll>s _h x be5 sav$4 ,seem+ly ! cru/ ( ! e>? = hundr$s ( miles ar\nd acts l a huge gasomet] press+ d[n on ! p5t-up gases ) its weight4 ,s9ce ! ,caspian ,sea is eighty feet bel[ sea level1 x is probable t ! l& bord]+ ! sea has sunk s9ce ! gases & oil 7 =m$4 ,& ?is w\ld1 9 "p at lea/1 acc\nt = ! enorm\s pressure4 ,! sp\t+ oil wells are call$ f\nta9s4 ,"s ( !m h yield$ two million gallons ea* day = mon?s1 s5d+ up jets ?ree or f\r hundr$ feet high ) a ro> t c\ld be he>d sev]al miles away4 ,great difficulty 0 f\nd at fir/ 9 /opp+ ! fl[ :5 necess>y by capp+ or gagg+ ! wells1 b aft] a "t a slid+ valve-cap 0 inv5t$1 capable ( *eck+ ! fl[ ( ! mo/ viol5t well4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! enorm\s pressure f bur/+ ! pipe & te>+ up ! gr\nd1 z soon z ! pipe has be5 sunk "p way ! e>? is excavat$ ar\nd x & ! excavation is fill$ ) cem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,l&+-place = comm]ce on ! ,caspian ,sea ,x is said t "o ( ^! gu%]s ?rew up 9 a day m oil ?an is produc$ by all ! wells 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"o well sp\t$ oil = mon?s be=e x c\ld be gagg$1 & 9 ! meantime flood$ ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,millions ( gallons 7 burn$ to get rid ( x & millions m 7 div]t$ into ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,two wells are report$ to h ?r[n up 9 less ?an a mon? ?irty million gallons ea*4 ,at fir/ s& is ?r[n out ) ! oil1 & frequ5tly x is eject$ ) su* =ce t a plate ( iron ?ree in*es ?ick /ruck by ! /ream is worn ?r\gh 9 less ?an a day by ?is liquid s& bla/4 ,:5 ! wells cease sp\t+ & x is n deem$ advisable to bore deep]1 pump+ is employ$4 ,g5]ally ! oil com+ f ! wells is conduct$ into l>ge1 c>efully tamp$ excavations 9 ! gr\nd =m+ ponds or lakes4 ,9 ^! huge res]voirs ! s& & heavi] p>ts soon s9k1 mak+ ! bottom imp]vi\s4 ,aft] ! settl+ ! petroleum is ei!r pump$ into l>ge iron tanks or s5t directly to ! ref9]y by pipe-l9es4 ,s9ce petroleum is va/ly *eap] ?an coal1 ! /eam]s ply+ on ! ,caspian ,sea & ! locomotives ( _m ( ! ,russian railroads use oil = fuel4 ,at "o "t s great 0 ! accumulation ( petroleum t x sold at ! wells = a few c5ts a ton4 ,a fleet ( tank-/eam]s conveys ! oil products to ! int]ior ( ,russia by ! ,caspian ,sea & ,volga ,riv] r\te4 ,! crude petroleum ( ,baku yields a l[] p]c5tage ( k]os5e ?an ! ,am]ican wells1 b x conta9s m lubricat+ oil4 ,millions ( gallons ( lubricat+ oil are %ipp$ f ,baku ea* ye> to all p>ts ( ,europe4 ,on ! opposite side ( ! ,caspian !re are great cliffs ( m9]al wax su* z is obta9$ f petroleum & us$ ext5sively 9 ! manufacture ( p>aff9 c&les4 ,m ?an two hundr$ diff]5t products are made f petroleum1 among ! *ief ( :i* are k]os5e1 lubricat+ oil1 b5z9e1 gasol9e1 vasel9e1 & p>aff94 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,! ,,s\? ,,african ,,diamond ,,fields ,_m ( ! great treasure fields ( ! _w h be5 discov]$ by *ance r ?an c>eful se>*4 ,! diamonds ( ! ,deccan1 ,india1 7 trodd5 "u foot = ages be=e !y 7 recogniz$ z diamonds4 ,9 ,brazil ! gold plac] m9]s ?rew away ! glassy pebbles z wor?less & ! black slaves us$ !m z c\nt]s 9 _! c>d games4 ,a visitor :o 0 acqua9t$ ) ! diamond fields ( ,india happ5$ "o day to notice ! %9+ /ones :i* two m5 7 us+ 9 a c>d game at a public-h\se4 ,! brilliancy ( ! pebbles piqu$ 8 curiosity4 ,hav+ secur$ "s1 he te/$ !m & f\nd !m to be diamonds ( ! fir/ wat]4 ,yet s great 0 ! prejudice aga9/ ! ,brazilian diamonds at fir/ t = ye>s _m 7 secretly %ipp$ to ,india & !nce s5t to ! diamond m>ket z ,indian diamonds4 ,a trivial circum/ance (t5 leads to a m>vell\s *ange 9 ! conditions ( m51 communities1 & nations4 ,! playful act ( a ,bo] lad pick+ up a %9+ pebble on ! banks ( ! ,orange ,riv] s]v$ z a beacon to lure p]sons to se>* = ! mo/ preci\s & h>de/ ( gems1 ! diamond1 & !reby trans=m$ ,s\? ,africa4 ,x 0 ! beg9n+ ( an indu/ry t has already add$ m ?an f\r hundr$ million doll>s' wor? ( weal? to ! _w & :i* n[ yields annually tw5ty million doll>s' wor? ( diamonds4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,s\? ,african diamond m9es is a fasc9at+ /ory f />t to f9i%4 ,a ,bo] f>m] nam$ ,jacobs _h made 8 home on ! banks ( ! ,orange ,riv] n f> f ,hopet[n4 ,"h1 liv+ 9 a squalid hovel1 he ek$ out a prec>i\s exi/5ce by hunt+ & graz+4 ,8 *ief income 0 f ! flocks ( %eep & goats t graz$ on ! scanty h]bage ( ! veld4 ,black s]vants 7 ! %eph]ds1 & ! *ildr51 hav+ no "w to employ _! "t1 7 free to roam ov] k>oo1 & veld1 & along ! riv]4 ,:at *ildr5 are n attract$ by pebbly /reams8 ,wad+ 9 ! wat] & skat+ flat /ones on its surface 0 a joy\s pa/ime = !m4 ,! banks ( ! riv] 7 /rewn ) /ones ( v>i\s colors & sizes su* z w\ld naturally attract ! eyes ( *ildr54 ,!re 7 ri* r$ g>nets1 v>iegat$ jasp]s1 *alc$onies & agates ( _m hues m+l$ ) rock-cry/als4 ,! *ildr5 w\ld fill _! pockets ) ^! color$ pebbles & c>ry !m home to use 9 play4 ,"o day ! f>m]'s wife notic$ an unusually brilliant pebble among ! o!r /ones t 7 be+ toss$ ab\t by ! *ildr54 ,soon aft] %e told "o ( h] neighbors t ! *ildr5 _h f\nd a curi\s glassy /one t sp>kl$ brilliantly 9 ! sunlight4 ,on 8 express+ a desire to see ! /one1 x 0 br\ght to him cov]$ ) dirt4 ,he 0 attract$ by its brilliance &1 probably surmis+ t x 0 m valuable ?an common qu>tz cry/al1 (f]$ to pur*ase x4 ,! good-wife scorn$ ! idea ( tak+ money = a smoo? /one1 & told him laugh+ly t he 0 welcome to x4 ,! /one 0 s5t by po/ to ,grahamt[n to asc]ta9 :e!r or n x 0 ( value4 ,to ! a/oni%m5t ( all conc]n$ x 0 pron\nc$ a g5u9e diamond & 0 sold = tw5ty-five hundr$ doll>s4 ,a se>* 0 =?) made 9 ! locality = o!r /ones1 b none 0 f\nd4 ,t5 mon?s lat] a second diamond 0 f\nd ?irty miles away on ! bank ( ! same riv]4 ,!n q a numb] ( f9e diamonds 7 f\nd by prospectors along ! ,vaal ,riv]4 ,9 #ahfi a black %eph]d boy f\nd a magnific5t :ite diamond :i* 0 pur*as$ = five hundr$ %eep1 t5 ox51 & a horse4 ,! pur*as] sold ! gem = fifty-five ?\s& doll>s1 & x 0 subsequ5tly resold = "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,?is sup]b gem became fam\s z ! /> ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,al?\gh a few skeptics said ^! /ones might h be5 br\ght f ! f> int]ior 9 ! crops ( o/ri*es1 yet ?is la/ great f9d s]v$ to attract public notice1 & soon ?\s&s ( prospectors came to seek ! covet$ gems4 ,ev5 ! /olid ,bo] caught ! excitem5t1 & trekk$ long di/ances ) wife & *ildr5 to rea* ! captivat+ fields4 ,x 0 a motley ?rong1 l a mighty /ream1 :i* p\r$ into ! valley ( ! ,vaal4 ,m5 came hurry+ 9 all sorts ( ways1 afoot1 on horseback1 & 9 heavy1 creak+ ox-wagons4 ,= miles & miles m5 7 quickly at "w s9k+ holes into ! gr\nd2 camp-fires 7 flam+2 team/]s 7 inspann+ & outspann+ _! ox51 & wagons 7 creak+4 ,^!1 ) rauc\s voices %\t+ 9 a babel ( languages1 made a p&emonium excit+ en\gh = ! mo/ adv5tur\s4 ,z f> z ! eye c\ld rea* along ! banks ( ! ,vaal 7 se5 hives ( busy1 hopeful m5 :o believ$ t untold ri*es 7 almo/ )9 _! grasp4 ,! h>de/ ( "w 0 b a pa/ime1 = if !y did n f9d diamonds to-day1 w\ld !y n to-morr[8 ,did n _! neighbors f9d !m8 ,! next %ovelful ( e>? might conta9 a preci\s gem4 ,!y c\ld h>dly af=d "t to eat or sleep4 ,fla%+ eyes & ela/ic /eps m>k$ ! success ( "s1 :ile o!rs repress$ _! feel+s & kept _! own c\nsel reg>d+ ! ext5t ( _! f9ds4 ,s great did ! cr[d become t x 0 necess>y to limit claims1 & at an in=mal meet+ ( ! prospectors1 a digg+ committee 0 =m$ to make regulations controll+ ! work+ ( ! digg+4 ,?irty feet squ>e 0 ?\ght to be a reasonable claim = "o p]son4 ,"s s\ght ! riv]'s banks to prospect1 o!rs ! kopjes or hills4 ,"s p9n$ _! fai? to light-color$ gr\nd1 o!rs to d>k4 ,fancy r ?an reason dictat$ ! *oice4 ,! mann] ( work+ a claim 0 simple4 ,! e>? 0 ?r[n into a cradle hav+ a bottom ( p]=at$ z9c or ( wire me%4 ,! cradle 0 !n rapidly rock$ to & fro z wat] 0 p\r$ 9 ^u ! e>?4 ,! f9] "p 0 wa%$ ?r\gh ! me% & ! wor?less /ones 7 ?r[n out by h&4 ,! residue 0 !n remov$ to a suitable place & c>efully exam9$4 ,ea* p]son mo/ vigilantly scrut9iz$ 8 ho>d1 fe>+ t 9 an ungu>d$ mom5t a =tune might slip ?r\gh 8 h&s & be lo/4 ,ev5 ! /rang] pass+ along 0 h>dly giv5 a glance1 s eag] 0 ea* individual 9 se>*+ = ! preci\s pebble4 ,!re is an entranc+ int]e/ 9 diamond m9+ f> exce$+ t ( gold1 = at any mom5t "o is likely to come across a pr9cely =tune4 ,! m9] is ev] hopeful4 ,commun+ ) himself1 he says3 ,to-morr[ ,i may be made indep5d5t by a lucky f9d4 ,& = a "t x 0 m]ely luck1 = s irregul>ly di/ribut$ 7 ! diamonds t no k 0 ga9$ z to :]e !y 7 mo/ likely to be f\nd4 ,:ile m9]s 7 /r5u\sly work+ along ! riv]s1 f> m wond]ful diamond regions 7 soon to be unfold$2 regions ri* beyond ! l(tie/ nights ( ! imag9ation & equal to ! fabl$ valley ( ,s9dbad ! ,sailor4 ,a ?rifty ,dut* vrau own$ a f>m1 on a volcanic plateau ext5d+ = miles into ! rocky kopjes4 ,h] ov]se]1 le>n+ t g>nets are (t5 f\nd associat$ ) diamonds1 & notic+ "s g>nets 9 "o ( ! small /reams t c\rs$ ?r\gh ! valley1 conclud$ to d a little prospect+ on 8 own acc\nt4 ,s9k+ a hole a few feet 9 dep? & sift+ ! s& & gravel ?r\gh a common sieve1 he came across a diamond weigh+ fifty c>ats--ne>ly half an ounce4 ,?is f9d caus$ a ru% to ! f>m to secure claims1 & ! wid[1 ) an eye to bus9ess1 *>g$ a mon?ly lic5se ( t5 doll>s4 ,soon ?is discov]y 0 eclips$ by a m rem>kable "o at ,dutoitspan#d 9 #ahgj4 ,al?\gh a fair supply ( diamonds 0 f\nd ne> ! surface1 ^! digg+s seem$ to give out z !y rea*$ h>d lime/one4 ,:5 ne>ly all ( ! prospectors _h left ! field1 hav+ become disc\rag$1 "o m sangu9e ?an ! o!rs det]m9$ to f9d out :at 0 b5ea? ?is lime/one cov]+4 ,s9k+ a %aft1 he f\nd t ! lime/one grew s s(t & friable t x c\ld be easily dug out ) a pick4 ,:5 he _h p5etrat$ ! lime/one cov]+ he came 9 contact ) a h>d lay] some:at ( ! nature ( clay4 ,?is he proce$$ to break up & sift4 ,dur+ ! sift+ process he obs]v$ _m sp>kl+ gems4 ,! problem _h be5 p>tly solv$ at lea/4 ,diamonds 7 to be f\nd 9 great] abundance bel[ ?an above ! lime/one cov]+4 ,on le>n+ ( ! *ang$ condition ( affairs ! des]t+ m9]s ha/5$ back to ! digg+s 9 d\ble-quick "t4 ,e>ly 9 #ahga diamonds 7 f\nd at ,bultfonte9#e & on ! ,de ,be]s f>m1 two miles f ,dutoitspan4 ,five mon?s lat] ano!r b$ ( diamonds 0 f\nd on ! same f>m1 ly+ on a slop+ kopje1 "o mile f ! fir/ location4 ,?is kopje1 nam$ ,colesb]g ,kopje1 became aft]w>d ! fam\s ,kimb]ley m9e4 ,! di/rict 0 imm$iately divid$ into claims & tak5 by prospectors4 ,! climate ( ?is section is exce$+ly try+4 ,a blaz+ sun1 cl\ds ( suffocat+ du/1 & a scanty supply ( muddy wat] are ! conditions ( ! region2 x !re=e requir$ rem>kable physical endurance & an indomitable w to a*ieve results4 ,sometimes t]rific ?und]-/orms ) torr5ts ( ra9 w\ld sweep ?r\gh ! valley4 ,at o!r times great hail-/orms w\ld drive bo? man & bea/ to ! ne>e/ %elt]4 ,w9d-/orms frequ5tly drove bl9d+ cl\ds ( du/ t p5etrat$ ev]y?+4 ,v quickly a city ( t5ts sprang up at ,kimb]ley to be sup]s$$ lat] by sub/antial build+s ( wood1 ( brick & iron1 & well-con/ruct$ /reets4 ,wat] 0 pump$ f ! ,vaal ,riv] ?r\gh a ma9 sixte5 miles 9 l5g?4 ,x 0 !n rais$ 9 ?ree lifts by p[]ful eng9es to a l>ge res]voir five hundr$ feet above ! riv]4 ,! introduction ( an abundant supply ( good wat] wr\ght a wond]ful trans=mation4 ,outside ! bus9ess section ! des]t 0 made to blossom ) fl[]s 9 g>d5s surr\nd+ ! hi!rto bleak homes4 ,lawns 7 laid out & v9es & trees plant$ ab\t ! h\ses1 mak+ ! du/y1 w9d-swept expanse a ?+ ( beauty & com=t4 ,at l5g? prospectors le>n$ t ! diamond-be>+ e>? 0 conf9$ *iefly to sev]al oval-%ap$ funnels1 rang+ 9 area f t5 to tw5ty acres1 & t outside ^! few diamonds 7 to be f\nd4 ,n[ ^! huge funnels1 or pipes1 are no?+ m or less ?an ext9ct volcanic crat]s4 ,! walls1 or cas+s1 ( ^! pipes are *iefly ( %ale & basalt fill$ ) h>d e>?1 yell[ ne> ! surface & blui% deep] d[n4 ,! latt] is call$ blue-/uff & is v prolific 9 diamonds4 ,! diamonds f\nd outside ! rim wall mu/ h be5 wa%$ out ( ! crat]s or p]haps 7 ?r[n out by ! eruption4 ,at fir/ x 0 cu/om>y to pulv]ize ! blue-/uff at once1 b exp]i5ce %[$ t a m satisfactory way to "w x 0 to expose x = sev]al mon?s to ! action ( ! wea!r4 ,by ?is process x readily crumbl$4 ,v>i\s devices 7 us$ by ! diff]5t m9]s to raise ! e>? out ( _! claims4 ,"s us$ w9dlasses2 o!rs c>ri$ ! e>? up 9 buckets & tubs1 "s ev5 by climb+ ladd]s4 ,surr\nd+ ! funnels 7 c>ts1 :eelb>r[s1 etc41 = c>ry+ away ! mat]ial to ! deposit+ gr\nds1 :]e x 0 dri$1 pulv]iz$1 & sift$4 ,_m ( ! m9]s f\nd x desirable to employ ! native ,kafirs to "w 9 ! pits1 s9ce nei!r ! scor*+ sun nor cl\ds ( du/ seem$ to tr\ble !m4 ,! deep] ! pits 7 sunk ! great] ! difficulty became 9 rais+ ! blue-/uff4 ,to add to ! difficulties ! rim wall ( %ale & basalt began to fall 91 & ! ra9 made ! claims muddy & slipp]y or fill$ !m ) wat]4 ,at a /ill great] dep? wat] began to seep ?r\gh ! %ale wall1 & great masses ( ! rim occasionally fell 9 endang]+ life & almo/ preclud+ fur!r m9+ unless conc]t$ action 7 tak54 ,s1 9 ord] to effect m economical me?ods ( work+1 a consolidation ( claims began to take place4 ,at ! ,kimb]ley m9e a d\ble plat=m ) /ag+ 0 built ar\nd ! pit1 & a s]ies ( wires runn+ f ! diff]5t claims s]v$ z trackways on :i* buckets ( ! blue-/uff 7 drawn up by means ( ropes & w9dlasses locat$ on ^! plat=ms4 ,:5 /ill great] dep? _h be5 rea*$ & mu* ( ! rim wall _h be5 precipitat$ into ! pit & ra9 & seepage wat] _h made ! pits mud holes1 two rem>kable p]sons :o 7 int]e/$ 9 ! m9es took a lead+ "p 9 solv+ ! difficulties4 ,^! p]sons 7 ,cecil ,john ,rhodes & ,b>nett ,isaacs1 bett] kn[n z ,b>ney ,b>nato4 ,rhodes own$ /ock 9 ! ,de ,be]s & ,b>nato 9 ! ,kimb]ley m9e4 ,at fir/ !y 7 %>p rivals 9 ga9+ control1 b lat] !y got toge!r & consolidat$ int]e/s4 ,cecil ,rhodes 0 an ,engli% college /ud5t4 ,he _h lo/ 8 heal? & _h come to ,s\? ,africa at ! invitation ( 8 bro!r1 :o 0 int]e/$ 9 ! diamond m9es4 ,r\ghly dress$1 8 clo!s cov]$ ) du/1 ?is %y1 pale /ud5t1 week 9 & week out1 might be se5 look+ aft] ! ,kafirs :o work$ 8 bro!r's claim4 ,b>ney ,b>nato1 a "y ,hebrew ( ke5 =esight1 likewise _h a bro!r 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,! latt]1 :o 0 engag$ 9 diamond buy+1 urg$ ,b>ney to come at once to ?is fam\s region1 sett+ =? ! wond]ful opportunities (f]$ = bus9ess4 ,b>nato =?) pack$ 8 few belong+s & took ! next /eam] = ,cape ,t[n4 ,he 0 only tw5ty ye>s old & 0 bubbl+ ov] ) good-natur$ en]gy2 b he 0 quick to p]ceive & quick to act4 ,al?\gh he _h b a few doll>s ) :i* to />t 9 bus9ess1 yet by indomitable en]gy & %rewd managem5t he soon acquir$ suffici5t money to buy a few small claims 9 ! fam\s ,kimb]ley m9e4 ,to ^! claims he con/antly add$ o!rs until he became "o ( ! lead+ /ockhold]s 9 ! m9e4 ,:5 ! rival m9es began to und]sell ea* o!r & diamonds 7 be+ sold = b little m ?an ! co/ ( production1 ,rhodes conceiv$ ! plan ( consolidat+ all ! m9es1 !reby =m+ a monopoly to keep up ! prices4 ,by ma/]ly skill he br\ght ?is ab\t1 pur*as+ "s %>es outright1 & giv+ %>es 9 ! new company z paym5t = o!rs4 ,to make ! pur*ases he negotiat$ a loan ( sev]al million doll>s ?r\gh ! ,ro?s*ilds1 ! fam\s bank]s ( ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,op5 work+s ( ! diamond m9e1 ,kimb]ley ,?us1 aft] _m ye>s ( /ruggle ?r\gh difficulties t 7 seem+ly sup]human1 ! f\r great m9es1 ! ,de ,be]s1 ,kimb]ley1 ,dutoitspan1 & ,bultfonte91 7 m]g$ into "o great corporation4 ,aft]w>d "s o!rs 7 add$1 b all be> ! "n ,de ,be]s ,consolidat$ ,m9es1 ,limit$1 a corporation :i* to-day controls ! diamond m>ket ( ! _w4 ,dur+ ! elev5 ye>s end+ #ahii !y yield$ ne>ly six tons ( diamonds4 ,bo? ,rhodes & ,b>nato acquir$ imm5se weal? by _! inve/m5ts1 b x is d\btful if ei!r ga9$ mu* happ9ess f 8 acquisitions4 ,poor ,b>nato6 ,he _h ga9$ ri*es & /ood among ! =emo/ f9anci]s ( ! _w1 b at h[ fe>ful a co/6 ,8 ov]tax$ bra9 began to give way1 & on 8 way back to ,engl& he sudd5ly leap$ ov]bo>d & 0 dr[n$4 ,cecil ,rhodes 0 in/rum5tal 9 enl>g+ ,briti% influ5ce & t]ritory 9 ,s\? ,africa1 & to him ,engl& owes a deep debt ( gratitude4 ,he di$ 9 #aijb leav+ a portion ( 8 imm5se =tune = s*ol>%ips 9 ,ox=d1 ,engl&'s great univ]sity4 ,rhodes e>ne/ly advocat$ ! build+ ( a railroad f ,cape ,t[n to ,cairo4 ,already ?is l9e has be5 con/ruct$ nor?w>d f ,cape ,t[n sev]al hundr$ miles beyond ,victoria ,falls1 directly bel[ :i* x crosses ! ,zambezi ,riv]4 ,diamonds ( v>i\s colors are f\nd 9 ! ,african m9es--br[n1 yell[1 pale blue1 cle>1 & black4 ,! black diamonds1 call$ bort1 are us$ ma9ly = arm+ diamond drills & = poli%+ o!r diamonds4 ,gre51 p9k1 & mauve diamonds are f\nd occasionally4 ,! ,de ,be]s m9es h produc$ "s notable /ones4 ,f ! ,premi] m9e a diamond weigh+ m ?an ?ree ?\s& c>ats--"o & ?irty-sev5 hundr$?s p\nds avoirdupois--0 obta9$4 ,?is /one1 m ?an twice ! size ( any h]et(ore f\nd & e/imat$ to be wor? five million doll>s1 0 insur$ = two million five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,x 0 nam$ ! ,cull9an1 f "o ,tom ,cull9an1 :o pur*as$ ! f>m on :i* ! ,premi] m9e is locat$4 ,capta9 ,wells1 ! manag] ( ! ,premi]1 "o ev5+1 aft] a burn+ hot day1 :5 "w _h be5 susp5d$1 /roll$ ov] to ! m9e1 &1 :ile p>tly walk+ & p>tly slid+ d[n into ! pit1 notic$ a gleam f a /one half-emb$d$ 9 ! e>?4 ,9 a mom5t he _h ! /one 9 8 h& & 8 practis$ eye told him ?is 0 ! greate/ diamond ! _w ev] saw4 ,at fir/ ! possession ( x seem$ m l a dream ?an a reality1 & he began to d\bt 8 own sanity4 ,:5 held up to ! blaz+ ,s\!rn ,cross1 x sp>kl$ l ! pure/ cry/al1 & he knew t its value mu/ be reckon$ 9 hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s4 ,he imm$iately took ! priceless treasure to ! company's (fice :]e x 0 critically exam9$4 ,x 0 !n s5t = safe-keep+ to ! ,/&>d ,bank at ,johannesburg1 & aft]w>d 0 =w>d$ to ,london4 ,= "s "t x 0 deposit$ 9 a ,london bank1 ! "n ( :i* 0 kept secret = fe> t its great value might tempt crim9als4 ,two ye>s aft] its discov]y x 0 pur*as$ by ! ,transvaal ,gov]nm5t1 at ! sugge/ion ( ,g5]al ,bo?a1 & pres5t$ to ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii z a cr[n jewel4 ,! ,de ,be]s ,company employs upw>d ( elev5 ?\s& ,african natives--,kafirs1 !y are call$--work+ above & bel[ gr\nd4 ,!y come n only f ! surr\nd+ di/ricts b f regions hundr$s ( miles away4 ,all native labor]s are kept 9 l>ge wall$ enclosures1 or comp\nds1 :i* are cov]$ ) wire nett+ to prev5t ! labor]s f ?r[+ diamonds ov] ! walls to conf$]ates outside4 ,twelve su* enclosures are own$ by ! ,de ,be]s ,company1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* occupies f\r acres & conta9s ample space = h\s+ ?ree ?\s& natives4 ,on ent]+ ! s]vice ( ! company ea* applicant mu/ sign a contract to live 9 ! comp\nd & "w fai?fully at lea/ ?ree mon?s4 ,at ! expiration ( 8 contract he may leave or make ano!r contract1 z he wills4 ,con/ant vigilance is ma9ta9$ 9 ord] to prev5t /eal+ diamonds1 & yet1 not)/&+ ?is wat*fulness1 x is e/imat$ t hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s' wor? ( diamonds are /ol5 ea* ye>4 ,ev]y?+ necess>y = ! su/5ance & com=t ( ! m5 is br\ght into ! comp\nds1 & no "o is p]mitt$ to leave until ! expiration ( 8 contract except by p]mission ( ! ov]se]1 :i* is seldom giv54 ,! m5 g out ( ! comp\nds to _! "w ?r\gh tunnels & return ! same way4 ,besides ! native ,kafirs already m5tion$1 ab\t two ?\s& :ite labor]s are employ$1 ! great] numb] be+ engag$ 9 ! (fices & work%ops & on ! deposit+ floors4 ,electric lights are us$ ?r\gh\t ! m9es1 & und]gr\nd "w is c>ri$ on bo? day & night by ?ree %ifts4 ,e kn[n sci5tific device is press$ into s]vice4 ,9 all ( ! deep m9es ! labor]s are tak5 up & d[n ! %afts 9 cages4 ,! me?od ( m9+ & work+ ! diamond-be>+ e>? at pres5t employ$ is f> m economical ?an 9 =m] ye>s4 ,aft] ! blue mat]ial has be5 br\ght up x is c>ri$ to ! deposit+ floors :]e x is all[$ to rema9 sev]al mon?s4 ,9 ! mean:ile x is h>r[$ sev]al times to break ! lumps4 ,! "p t resi/s ?is treatm5t is c>ri$ to a mill to be cru%$4 ,! dis9tegrat$ & pulv]iz$ mat]ial is !n c>ri$ to ! wa%+ ma*9es4 ,! co>s] fragm5ts ( ! conc5trates f ! wa%+ ma*9es are pick$ out by h&2 ! f9] are s5t to ! pulsators4 ,ea* %ak+-table ( ! pulsators is made ( corrugat$ iron plates 9 sev]al sections ) a drop ( ab\t an in* f "o division to ano!r4 ,a suffici5t quantity ( ?ick grease is spread ov] ! plates to cov] !m to ! top ( ! corrugations4 ,! conc5trates are cont9u\sly spread ov] ! upp] portion ( ! table automatically :ile runn+ wat] wa%es !m d[n4 ,/range z x may seem1 ! diamonds /ick fa/ to ! grease2 ! o!r mat]ial is wa%$ away4 ,x has be5 f\nd by trial t grease w cl+ to ! preci\s /ones b to no?+ else4 ,aft] a few h\rs ! grease ) ! diamonds is scrap$ (f ! tables & /eam$ 9 p]=at$ vessels to sep>ate !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,sort+ gravel = diamonds 9 ! ,kimb]ley m9e ,"o ( ! ,de ,be]s m9es has be5 work$ to a dep? ( ab\t two ?\s& feet ) no dim9ution 9 ! quantity or quality ( ! diamonds4 ,! pipe or plug ( blue-/uff %[s no signs ( giv+ out4 ,nature1 9 h] und]gr\nd laboratory1 works 9 a my/]i\s way1 baffl+ ! a/ute/ /ud5ts ( sci5ce to f9d ! process by :i* %e is able to manufacture su* beautiful gems z ! diamond4 ,_m !ories h be5 prop\nd$ to expla9 ! g5esis ( ! diamond1 ! mo/ plausible "o be+ t ! cry/allization ( ! c>bon is due to a v high temp]ature & trem5d\s pressure act+ on ! c>bon 9 a liquid =m deep d[n b5ea? ! e>?'s surface4 ,! cry/als1 int]m+l$ ) mu* =eign matt]1 are aft]w>d project$ upw>d1 fill+ ^! great volcanic pipes4 ,9 ord] to produce ! mo/ beautiful effect1 diamonds are usually cut into "o or ano!r ( ?ree diff]5t =ms1 namely1 rose1 table1 & brilliant1 ! %ape & size ( ! /one det]m9+ :i* =m is be/4 ,! d\ble-cut brilliant is ! mo/ common =m at ! pres5t day4 ,! g5]al =m ( r\gh1 cry/alliz$ diamonds is t ( two squ>e pyramids jo9$ at _! bases4 ,! cry/als are (t5e/ f\nd octah$ral & dodecah$ral--t is1 eight & twelve sid$1 & ! diamond-cutt] takes advantage ( ^! =ms 9 %ap+ ! diamond4 ,! mod]n lapid>y mu/ h a p]fect k ( optics & be a skilful /one-cutt]4 ,! num]\s planes or faces :i* he cuts on ! surface ( ! diamond are call$ facets4 ,9 ! treatm5t ?ree di/9ct processes are utiliz$--cleav+1 cutt+1 & poli%+4 ,! lapid>y mu/ /udy ! individual "* ( ea* /one & det]m9e :e!r to cleave or gr9d (f ! sup]flu\s matt] s z to correct flaws & imp]fections4 ,all ?is calls = ! judgm5t :i* comes only ) long exp]i5ce1 = if ! cutt] errs he may ru9 a priceless gem4 ,! gr9d+ & poli%+ are done by diamond du/ mix$ ) oil spread on ! upp] surface ( a groov$ flat /eel :eel revolv+ horizontally4 ,! diamond1 hav+ be5 set 9 fusible sold]1 is firmly press$ aga9/ ! surface ( ! :eel by a small project+ arm & clamp4 ,:5 "o facet has be5 f9i%$1 ! diamond is remov$ f ! sold] & reset = gr9d+ ano!r facet4 ,?us ! workman cont9ues until ! gr9d+ & poli%+ are complet$4 ,inf9ite pati5ce & /ead9ess ( n]ve1 z well z /ead9ess ( h&1 are requir$ = su* delicate & exact "w4 ,sometimes two uncut /ones are cem5t$ into ! ends ( two /icks4 ,!n ! op]ator1 us+ ^! /icks z h&les1 presses ! /ones aga9/ ea* o!r ) a rubb+ motion1 ! surface ( ! /ones be+ coat$ ov] ) diamond du/ & oil to accel]ate ! process4 ,! la/ cutt+ ( ! celebrat$ ,koh9oor diamond co/ =ty ?\s& doll>s4 ,"o may und]/&1 !re=e1 t ! exp5se ( cutt+ a l>ge diamond adds mat]ially to its co/4 ,! diamond-cutt+ indu/ry is conf9$ *iefly to ,am/]dam1 :]e ! "w employs sev]al ?\s& p]sons1 mo/ly ,hebrews1 ! craft hav+ be5 h&$ d[n f fa!r to son ?r\gh sev]al g5]ations4 ,mu* f9e cutt+ is n[ done 9 ,new ,york also4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #d3 ,! t]m pan is a "n appli$ to a bas9 or pool 9 :i* wat] collects dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,footnote #e3 ,fonte9 is a ^w ( ,dut* orig9 mean+ f\nta9 or spr+4 ,9 ?is hot & semi-arid c\ntry a pan or fonte9 0 a necessity to ! ,bo] f>m]1 ^: *ief dep5d5ce 0 on 8 %eep & cattle4 ,h5ce he 0 wont to settle ne> :]e wat] c\ld be easily obta9$4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,oceania ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,! ,,isl&s ,,( ,,! ,,pacific ,n until f\r hundr$ ye>s ago did ! body ( wat] n[ nam$ ! ,pacific ,ocean become kn[n to ! p ( ,europe4 ,a vague k ( a sea t wa%$ ! ea/]n %ores ( ,ca?ay1 or ,*9a1 0 ga9$ f ! reports ( ! fam\s ,v5etian travell]1 ,m>co ,polo4 ,aft] sp5d+ sev]al ye>s 9 ! ,ori5t1 ,polo return$ home 9 #abie1 giv+ su* m>vell\s acc\nts ( ! c\ntries visit$ & ?+s se5 t 8 /ories 7 b half believ$4 ,9 #aeca1 ,balboa1 a ,spani% explor] /ation$ at ,d>i51 n[ ,colon1 he>+ rumors t a great ocean lay to ! opposite side1 det]m9$ to te/ ! tru? ( ! report4 ,tak+ ) him ab\t ?ree hundr$ m51 he labori\sly work$ 8 way ?r\gh ! jungles ( ! i/hmus2 & on rea*+ ! top ( ! divide beheld = ! fir/ "t ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,he !n ha/5$ =w>d1 & z he rea*$ ! %ore he wad$ into ! wat] & took possession ( x 9 ! "n ( 8 sov]eign4 ,he nam$ x ! ,s\? ,sea4 ,b ! va/ ext5t ( ?is %eet ( wat] did n become well kn[n until fifty ye>s lat]1 :5 brave ,f]d9& ,magellan circumnavigat$ ! globe4 ,two & "o-half c5turies m elaps$ be=e ! memorable voyages & discov]ies ( ,capta9 ,cook disclos$ ! fact t ! new ocean _w 0 /udd$ ) c\ntless isl&s1 & t mo/ ( !m 7 d5sely inhabit$ by savages4 ,j h[ or :5 all ^! isl&s became inhabit$ is n def9itely kn[n4 ,s9ce ! ,polynesian languages 9 g5]al are simil>1 x is conjectur$ t ! inhabitants ( ! isl&s h a common orig9 & t _m ( ! m nor!rly gr\ps 7 peopl$ by emigrants f ! s\?4 ,9 a g5]al way ! "n ,oceania is appli$ to all ( ! isl&s 9 ! ,pacific1 b 9 a m limit$ s5se only to ^? ly+ betwe5 ! ,am]ican cont95t & ,au/ralasia4 ,! *ief divisions ( ,oceania are ,au/ralasia1 ,melanesia1 ,micronesia1 & ,polynesia4 ,au/ralia1 ! l>ge/ body ( l&1 is usually reg>d$ z a cont95t4 ,ne>ly all ! small] isl&s are ( coral or ( volcanic orig92 9 _m in/ances bo? ag5cies h contribut$ to _! =mation4 ,! coral & volcanic isl&s seem to be ! tops ( m\nta9 ranges t1 little by little1 h sunk1 until only _! high] summits are n[ above sea level4 ,! c5tral "p ( ! ,pacific ,ocean is pre-em95tly ! home ( ! reef-build+ coral4 ,c\ntless isl&s & reefs1 :olly or p>tly built up by ^! t9y creatures1 are f\nd widely scatt]$ ov] an imm5se area limit$ to "o ?\s& eight hundr$ miles on ea* side ( ! equator4 ,all ^! =mations are compos$ ( ! compact lime/one rema9s ( coral polyps4 ,^! polyps h ! p[] ( extract+ c>bonate ( lime f ! sea-wat] & build+ x into massive =mations :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 are ne>ly or completely subm]g$4 ,! reef-build+ coral diff]s v mat]ially 9 =m & appe>ance f ! preci\s or r$ coral2 ! =m] is conf9$ to comp>atively %all[ wat]1 :ile ! latt] is f\nd mo/ commonly at a dep? ( six hundr$ feet or m1 & x occurs *iefly 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,! common or reef-build+ coral has b little use except z a s\rce ( lime1 & no intr9sic value except z an object ( curiosity4 ,coral reefs may be arrang$ "u ?ree classes2 namely1 fr++ reefs1 b>ri] reefs1 & atolls4 ,! fir/ class embraces ! %all[-wat] reefs f\nd close to l&1 ei!r surr\nd+ isl&s or skirt+ ! %ores ( cont95ts4 ,! reefs ( ! second class likewise skirt isl&s or cont95ts1 b at su* di/ances z to leave a deep *annel betwe5 !m & ! %ore4 ,! ?ird class are call$ atolls2 ea* is irregul>ly r+-%ap$ & almo/ entirely encloses a %eet ( wat]1 call$ a lagoon4 ,! r+-%ap$ reef1 or atoll1 is brok5 9 "o or m places1 g5]ally on ! leew>d side1 & built up high] on ! w9dw>d side4 ,! reason = su* omissions & build+s is obvi\s :5 we rememb] t ! coral animal _c move f its fix$ position to seek food1 b mu/ dep5d ^u ! waves to br+ x )9 rea*4 ,! wat] da%+ up aga9/ ! reef on ! w9dw>d side br+s an abundance ( food1 :ile ! slight movem5t ( ! waves on ! leew>d side br+s b little food4 ,aft] _m ye>s ! dead coral is brok5 (f & pil$ up on ! reef4 ,9 ?is condition x is cem5t$ by ! lime 9 ! sea-wat]1 !reby =m+ a nucleus = l&4 ,!n1 p]*ance1 a cocoanut drifts ^u ! =mation &1 f9d+ suffici5t nutrim5t1 s5ds d[n a root & beg9s its gr[?4 ,o!r cocoanuts are drift$ to ! newly dis9tegrat$ coral soil until ! tropical vegetation becomes capable ( su/a9+ animal life4 ,or1 p]haps1 a portion ( ! ocean b$ 9 t p>ticul> region is uplift$ by ! volcanic =ces1 ?us greatly enl>g+ ! l& area4 ,attract$ by ! new l&1 p f ne>-by isl&s emigrate & take possession ( ! unoccupi$ area4 ,?us ! upbuild+ ( isl&s & _! occupancy goes on ?r\gh ! c5turies4 ,f ! fact t ^! =mations exi/ at a dep? ( sev]al ?\s& feet1 :ile coral polyps !mselves c live only ne> ! surface1 x is ?\ght t ei!r ! sea bottom mu/ h be5 s9k+ = a long p]iod ( "t or else t ! c9d] cones ar\nd :i* ! reefs are built mu/ h %runk away until _! tops are bel[ sea level4 ,at all ev5ts !y seem to be due to volcanic movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,malay girl ,diff]5ces 9 environm5t produce m>k$ diff]5ces on p 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! cont95tal _w4 ,likewise1 diff]5ces 9 ! geological /ructure ( ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific h produc$ a m>k$ influ5ce on ! inhabitants ( ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific4 ,^? liv+ on l>ge & m\nta9\s isl&s1 :]e ! productions are v>i$ & abundant1 are greatly sup]ior m5tally & physically to ^? inhabit+ ! small l[-ly+ coral isl&s4 ,9 ! small isl&s1 :]e !re are few objects ( int]e/ & ! circle ( life is necess>ily circumscrib$ & food & build+ mat]ial scanty1 ! inhabitants are dw>f$ 9 intellect & _! languages limit$ 9 vocabul>y4 ,! inhabitants ( ! ext5sive ,paumoto gr\p ( isl&s give a /rik+ example ( ! dre>y monotony ( life on small coral isl&s4 ,inde$1 coral atolls are lack+ 9 pretty ne>ly all ! features t are necess>y = a high degree ( civilization2 nature1 !re=e1 reacts1 ) ! result t ! human life ( ?is region is 9 a condition ( savag]y4 ,_m ( ! natives are cannibals4 ,! natives ( ,au/ralia are a race t seems to be sep>ate & di/9ct 9 itself4 ,:]ev] !y are f\nd _! spee* & cu/oms are s ne>ly alike t little or no d\bt ( _! common orig9 exi/s4 ,!y are s small 9 /ature t by "s s*ol>s !y are class$ ) pygmy peoples4 ,!y are repulsive 9 appe>ance 9 _! native /ate1 b :5 ! *ildr5 are tra9$ by ,engli% families !y become attractive4 ,!y are reg>d$ z a v l[ type ( intellect2 yet at ! mission>y s*ools ! *ildr5 seem to le>n ab\t z quickly z d ,european *ildr54 ,! *ildr5 le>n to figure readily1 b ! old] natives h no names = numb]s great] ?an ?ree or f\r4 ,9 ,new ,gu9ea & ! adjac5t isl&s is f\nd a race ( black peoples usually call$ ,negritos1 or ,negroids4 ,!y are black &1 l ! ,african negroes1 h black1 k9ky hair4 ,!y are f> sup]ior to ! native ,au/ralians4 ,_m ( ! tribes are good f>m]s1 & cultivate crops ( sago1 maize1 & tobacco4 ,on ! coa/s !re are good boat-build]s & sailors4 ,! great] "p ( ! ,melanesian tribes is ho/ile & blood-?ir/y2 head-hunt+ is a common practice4 ,9 _m tribes ! p live 9 communal h\ses l ^? ( ! ,pueblo ,indians ( ,am]ica4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! population ( ,oceania is ( ,malay orig94 ,z a rule ! ,malaysians are intellig5t & take readily to we/]n civilization4 ,!y are conf9$ *iefly to ! l>g] isl&s s\? & we/ ( ! ,asian cont95t4 ,9 su* p>ts ( ,malaysia z h become ,european possessions1 !y are f>m labor]s1 & 9 ?is employm5t !y h no sup]iors4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,malay boy ,( all ! native peoples ( ,oceania1 ! ,polynesians are p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,9 physical appe>ance !y are tall1 well-=m$1 d>k ( complexion1 & black-hair$4 ,9 ! nor!rn isl& gr\ps--,tonga1 ,hawaii1 ,samoa1 ,tahiti1 & o!rs--:i* are coloniz$ by ,european & ,am]ican peoples1 ! natives h gradually acquir$ we/]n civilization4 ,! numb] ( natives has decreas$1 h[ev]1 & only ab\t "o-?ird ( ! population ( fifty ye>s ago rema9s to-day4 ,! animal & vegetable life is peculi>4 ,t ( ,au/ralia resembles ! life =ms ( a geological age long s9ce pa/2 t ( ! isl&s ne> tropical ,asia is ,asian 9 "*4 ,n[ !re are _m l>ge isl&s at a consid]able di/ance f ! cont95t 9 :i* _m ( ! life =ms on ! slopes fac+ ,au/ralia are ,au/ralian1 :ile on ! nor!rly & we/]ly slopes !y are ,asian4 ,"o _c be c]ta91 h[ev]1 t ^! isl&s 7 ev] a "p ( ! ,au/ralian cont95t1 or t !y 7 ev] jo9$ to ,asia4 ,on ! contr>y x is m probable t ! life 9 "q 0 c>ri$ by w9ds & curr5ts ( ! sea4 ,! life =ms ( ! coral atolls are v few 9 numb]4 ,s f> z vegetation is conc]n$1 ! cocoa-palm & breadfruit are ab\t ! only k9ds ( plant life ( importance4 ,a few species ( fi% & migratory birds are ! only animals t may be us$ z food4 ,! names giv5 to ! v>i\s divisions ( ,oceania are m or less fanciful4 ,au/ralasia means ,s\!rn ,asia2 ,malaysia1 ,malayan ,asia2 ,melanesia1 ! isl&s ( ! blacks2 ,micronesia1 small isl&s2 & ,polynesia1 _m isl&s4 ,dur+ ! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury practically all ( ,oceania has be5 divid$ among ,european p[]s4 ,au/ralia1 ,tasmania1 & ,new ,zeal& are peopl$ by coloni/s f ,engl&2 b !y possess ! "* ( a great nation r ?an t ( colonies4 ,a few ( ! l>g] isl&s h become produc]s ( sug>1 cotton1 & fruit4 ,! long di/ance f ! m>kets = _! products is (fset by ! l[ co/ ( native labor4 ,! coral isl&s are almo/ valueless = comm]cial products2 b a few ( !m are us$ z coal+ /ations1 telegraphic cable /ations1 or z positions ( naval advantage4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,au/ralia ,e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! isl& ( ,au/ralia became kn[n to ! ,portuguese2 lat] ! ,dut*1 :o _h valuable possessions 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 s5t explor+ exp$itions to spy out ! new l&1 & nam$ x ,new ,holl&4 ,b n until aft] ,capta9 ,cook1 ( ! ,engli% navy1 _h explor$ ! ea/]n "p did any "o ?9k ! c\ntry to be m ?an a b>r5 wa/e sp>sely inhabit$ by savages4 ,inde$1 v>i\s ,european nations :o 7 ev5 !n seek+ l&s = colonization ?\ght x too wor?less to claim4 ,9 ,april1 #aggj1 ,capta9 ,cook made 8 fir/ l&+ on ! ea/ coa/ &1 f9d+ at "o place a pr(usion ( beautiful fl[]s1 nam$ ! ind5tation ,botany ,bay4 ,he sp5t a consid]able "t 9 explor+ ! ea/]n coa/ & also ! ,great ,b>ri] ,reef4 ,9 go+ ?r\gh "o ( ! passages across ! ,b>ri] ,reef 8 vessel ran agr\nd1 & 9 ord] to light5 x he 0 oblig$ to ?r[ ov]bo>d six ( 8 heavie/ cannon4 ,9 late ye>s ef=ts h be5 made to secure ^! cannon z s\v5irs1 b ! se>* = !m has prov$ unavail+4 ,"o may easily imag9e t !y h be5 long s9ce entomb$ 9 ?ick gr[?s ( coral4 ,on 8 return home1 ,cook gave su* a gl[+ acc\nt ( ! great isl& t ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t =?) s5t out a body ( soldi]s to take possession ( ! c\ntry & to make settlem5ts4 ,because x is well wat]$1 ! s\!a/]n "p 0 select$ z be/ adapt$ = colonization4 ,= a long "t ?is "p ( ,au/ralia 0 utiliz$ *iefly z a p5al colony1 b ! fruitful l& & salubri\s climate quickly attract$ free emigrants f ,engl&4 ,!n gold 0 discov]$1 & ?\s&s ( p ru%$ to ! new ,eldorado1 n only f ,great ,brita9 b f all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,almo/ 9 a tw9kl+ x *ang$ f our remote/ colony to a great c\ntry produc+ annually millions ( weal?4 ,s f> z its surface features are conc]n$1 "o may reg>d ,au/ralia z a cont95t n q s l>ge z ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ea/]n "p is div]sifi$ by l[ ranges ( m\nta9s fanta/ically scor$ & c>v$ by riv]s :i* are swift & impassable torr5ts dur+ ! season ( ra9s1 & trickl+ /reams1 or dry wa%es1 ! re/ ( ! ye>4 ,?is is ! region t has produc$ a weal? ( gold & wool & a /ock ( h>dy p t = intellig5ce & /r5g? ( "* c sc>cely be mat*$ else:]e4 ,! c5tral "p ( ! cont95t is a di%-%ap$ table-l&4 ,its surface is s&y "h1 /ony !re1 b int5sely hot & desolate ev]y:]e--desolate ( ev]y?+ t adds to ! com=t ( man1 b full ( ab\t ev]y?+ t contributes to 8 mis]y4 ,! bu% :i* cov]s s mu* ( ?is region is *iefly acacia1 & ! acacia is *iefly ?orns4 ,! riv]s t fl[ into ! int]ior f ! coa/ highl&s seem at fir/ sight to be =midable /reams s f> z appe>ance goes4 ,"o1 ! ,murray1 is m ?an a ?\s& miles 9 l5g?4 ,b ev5 ! ,murray w mat* ! description :i* an ,engli% travell] gave to ,platte ,riv]--,a mile wide1 an in* deep1 & bottom on top6 ,! few lakes ( ! int]ior are great s9ks1 or m>%es1 mu* l ,humboldt ,s9k1 9 ,nevada4 ,!y are %all[1 re$-gr[n1 & br9y1 & !y are bord]$ by mud flats & quicks&s betwe5 :i* !re is little to *oose4 ,an un=tunate victim w s9k 9 ! "o q z quickly z 9 ! o!r4 ,b ev5 ! lakes are gradually go+ ! way ( all lakes4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 _! disappe>ance is due l>gely to ! du/ /orms t little by little are bury+ !m4 ,only a v small "p ( ! c5tral region c be reclaim$2 = :]e !re is s little ra9 !re c be b little ei!r ( surface or ( gr\nd wat]s4 ,dur+ ! int5sely hot summ] season ! small] /reams disappe> entirely & ! l>g] ones become a succession ( /agnant pools along ! dry wa%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,a giant fig-tree1 #adj feet 9 circumf]5ce ,! ea/]n "p ( ! cont95t1 on acc\nt ( its great] ext5t ( coa/1 is f> ri*] 9 res\rces ?an ! c5tral section4 ,x conta9s n only a great] proportion ( l& fit = graz+ & cultivation1 b also v ri* m9es4 ,p]haps ^! h n a great] weal? ( m9]als ?an ! m9es ( ! c5tral section1 b !y are s situat$ t !y c be m easily work$4 ,! great isl& ( ,tasmania ought also to be includ$ 9 ! ,au/ralian cont95t2 = x is sep>at$ f x by a n>r[ & n v deep /rait4 ,9 its g5]al features ,tasmania resembles ea/]n ,au/ralia2 &1 inde$1 x is "o ( ! mo/ productive & delightful p>ts ( ! _w4 ,( ! :ole ,au/ralian cont95t sc>cely "o "p 9 f\rte5 is fit = human habitation1 n because ! soil is lack+ 9 elem5ts ( f]tility b because !re is n en\gh ra9fall4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! ra9-be>+ w9ds br+ ra9 only to ! ea/]n & s\!a/]n "p ( ! cont95t4 ,any map w %[ t ne>ly all ! cities1 t[ns1 h]d+-gr\nds1 & settlem5ts are 9 t "p ( ! cont95t1 & !y are !re because ! ra9fall is !re4 ,! re/ ( ,au/ralia is l ! ,sah>a 9 "o respect2 x is a des]t4 ,beyond t fact ! resemblance betwe5 ! two ceases2 inde$1 !y c\ld sc>cely be m unlike2 =1 :ile ! ,sah>a is mu* l any o!r des]t1 ,au/ralia is unlike any o!r "p ( ! _w4 ,n v mu* is kn[n ab\t ! int]ior because b few explor]s h be5 able to p5etrate ! cont95t4 ,_m h tri$ to explore its fa/nesses1 x is true1 & _m bones are blea*+ 9 its furnace-l des]t4 ,ev5 a c5tury aft] ! ea/]n "p _h become dott$ ) settlem5ts ! int]ior 0 s little kn[n t ! gov]nm5t ( ,s\? ,au/ralia (f]$ a rew>d ( t5 ?\s& p\nds to any "o :o w\ld />t f ,adelaide & cross ! isl& due nor?4 ,n[1 t5 ?\s& p\nds1 or fifty ?\s& doll>s1 is a l>ge sum ( money1 & !re 7 _m ef=ts to obta9 x4 ,9 #ahfj an explor] nam$ ,/u>t1 ^: "n is rememb]$ 9 a high peak :i* he discov]$1 trav]s$ m ?an half ! di/ance4 ,x 0 a record trip1 b illness =c$ ,/u>t to turn back4 ,ano!r exp$ition1 head$ by f\r plucky m51 ,burke1 ,wills1 ,gr]y1 & ,k+1 7 m lucky on _! outw>d trip4 ,!y rea*$ tide-wat] ne> ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,c>p5t]ia1 !reby accompli%+ ! task4 ,! return trip 0 tragic4 ,:5 !y _h rea*$ ! relief depot at :i* !y _h plann$ to h supplies await+ !m1 !y f\nd no?+4 ,!y w&]$ ab\t until all b ,k+ di$ f exposure & />vation4 ,a ye> or two lat] ,/u>t made a ?ird attempt & f\nd :at is n[ an ov]l& r\te1 = a telegraph l9e has be5 built along x f ,adelaide to ! nor? coa/1 & ?is connects ) an ocean cable to ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,a "m kang>oo ) a "y kang>oo 9 h] pocket ,! plant & animal life ( ,au/ralia =ms "o ( its mo/ rem>kable features4 ,bo? plants & animals are ( ! k9d t liv$ _m ages ago4 ,"o ( ! curiosities ( =e/ life is ! gum1 or eucalyptus1 a belt ( :i* almo/ surr\nds ! cont95t4 ,9 its native home ! blue gum is a mo/ beautiful tree t sometimes gr[s to a height ( ?ree hundr$ feet4 ,:5 ! tree beg9s its gr[? ! /em is ne>ly squ>e 9 %ape & ! leaves are almo/ circul>4 ,aft] a %ort "t1 h[ev]1 ! bran*es & trunk become circul> & ! leaves long & lance-%ap$4 ,!y hang ) _! edges in/ead ( _! flat surfaces to ! light1 :i* also is true ( _m o!r ,au/ralian trees4 ,! eucalyptus %$s--n its leaves e ye>1 b its b>k in/ead4 ,_m plants :i* 9 o!r cont95ts are small %rubs 9 ,au/ralia are trees4 ,! tulip1 ! f]n1 ! honeysuckle1 & ! lily are examples4 ,!y all gr[ 9 tree =m & are ( consid]able size4 ,!re is no turf grass except t :i* is cultivat$4 ,! wild grasses are ( ! bun* or clump species1 & "s ( ^! h blades s %>p t !y cut cruelly4 ,"o species1 ! porcup9e grass1 be>s a "n t does n belie its "*4 ,mu* ( ! coa/ l&s are cov]$ ) a gr[? ( ?orny scrub t has made cultivation bo? difficult & co/ly4 ,! int]ior is ! bu% region4 ,! animal life ( ! cont95t is ev5 m s+ul> ?an ! plant life4 ,mo/ ( ! animals resemble ! opossum ( ,nor? ,am]ican fauna 9 "o respect1 ! "m c>ries h] "y 9 a p\* or fold ( ! sk9 "u h] body4 ,b ! opossum itself is n conf9$ to ,nor? ,am]ica alone2 !re are sev]al species 9 ,au/ralia & ,tasmania4 ,! kang>oos are among ! mo/ rem>kable animals1 n only because ( ! great l5g? & /r5g? ( _! h9d legs1 b also because ( ! v>iety 9 ! sizes ( ! diff]5t species4 ,"s ( ! small] species are no l>g] ?an a small rat2 ! l>ge-siz$ species are six feet tall :5 sitt+ on _! haun*es4 ,!re are no monkeys & no animals t *ew ! cud1 b !re is a wond]ful v>iety ( birds4 ,among !m is ! emeu1 a k9d ( o/ri* t practically is w+less4 ,ano!r1 ! platypus1 or duck-bill1 has ! bill & webb$ feet ( a duck & ! body & tail ( a beav]4 ,/rang] /ill1 ! female duck-bill lays eggs1 b nurses h] "y aft] ! eggs are hat*$6 ,! duck-bill c>ries a h+$ spur on ! h9d legs1 :i* also is a /+ t injects a viol5t poison into :atev] x /rikes4 ,ord9>ily ! spur is fold$ aga9/ ! leg ( ! animal1 b :5 us$ z a weapon x /&s out l ! gaff ( a fight+ cock4 ,! duck-bill may well boa/ ( its /+1 because ! honey-bee ( ,au/ralia has none4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,au/ralian emeu ,! d+o1 or wild dog1 may n be an especially int]e/+ animal to ! /ud5t ( natural hi/ory1 b x is a v int]e/+ "o to ! h]dsman4 ,= ( all animals 9 ,au/ralia ! d+o is ! mo/ intol]able nuisance on acc\nt ( its fondness = mutton4 ,hunt+ ! coyote on ! pla9s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a pa/ime1 b hunt+ ! ,au/ralian d+o is a s]i\s & monoton\s bus9ess4 ,inde$1 ! %eep & ! d+o _c bo? rema9 9 ,au/ralia unless ! =m] has be5 eat5 by ! latt]4 ,9 a s+le night a d+o w kill a score ( %eep1 & a pack ( !m w make way ) sev]al hundr$4 ,9 "o in/ance two ( ^! pe/s kill$ & maim$ m ?an f\r hundr$ %eep be=e retribution ov]took !m4 ,9 addition to ! tr\bles ( native orig91 ?ree v s]i\s pe/s h be5 import$4 ,"o ( ^!1 ! species ( cactus kn[n z ! prickly pe>1 ! ,que5sl&] has pretty ne>ly all to himself4 ,j h[ ! prickly pe> 0 introduc$ into ,au/ralia seems to be a matt] ( unc]ta9ty4 ,b x is !re & x is spread+ rapidly4 ,ea* plant produces scores ( pe>s & ea* pe> conta9s n f> f "o hundr$ se$s4 ,:5 ! fruit rip5s ! se$s are quickly s5t broadca/4 ,p]haps ! w9d is ! *ief ag5t 9 scatt]+ !m1 b wild birds1 especially ! emeu & ! turkey1 are a good second4 ,que5sl&]s fe> t ?is p]nici\s plant w spread n only ov] ! great int]ior des]t sections1 b to ! valuable l& else:]e1 s9ce x is t5aci\s ( life & ?rives on arid l& amid/ a burn+ heat :]e o!r plants )] up & p]i%4 ,9 cle>+ ! l& ( ! cactus ?ree me?ods are utiliz$1 viz41 burn+1 pitt+1 & poison+4 ,:]e wood is ne> at h&1 ! fir/ me?od is ! pref]able "o4 ,a plat=m is made by roll+ logs toge!r1 & aft] ! plants h be5 uproot$ & hack$ to pieces !y are haul$ 9 drays to ! plat=ms4 ,!re !y are /ack$ up high1 sometimes a hundr$ tons be+ pil$ on a s+le plat=m1 & ! plat=ms are set afire4 ,pitt+ is done by digg+ l>ge1 deep pits1 fill+ !m full ( ! *opp$ plants1 & cov]+ !m ) dirt4 ,de/ruction by poison+ is accompli%$ by inoculat+ ! ?ick leaves ) ars5ic or blue/one1 :i* is spray$ ^u !m aft] ! plants h be5 hack$ s t ! poison may be absorb$ by ! sap1 :i* di/ributes ! deadly sub/ance4 ,ye>s ago "s ( ! coloni/s ?\ght t x w\ld be desirable to h ,engli% rabbits 9 ,au/ralia & s5t to ,engl& = a few pairs4 ,:5 ! rabbits arriv$ a great fea/ 0 held1 & amid/ spee*es & mutual congratulations ! timid creatures 7 let loose4 ,9 a %ort "t rabbits seem$ q pl5tiful & ! hunt]s _h r>e sport2 b ere long ! animals began to eat up ! vegetables 9 ! g>d5s4 ,n[1 rabbits are v prolific1 & )9 a v few ye>s !y _h spread s ext5sively t ! %eepm5 began to compla9 ( _! s]i\s inroads on h]bage & grass :]e ! %eep f$4 ,at ?is /age ( affairs legislation 0 invok$ 9 behalf ( ! suff]+ f>m]s4 ,laws 7 pass$ & means tak5 to r$uce ! numb] ( rabbits4 ,poison$ gra9 & o!r food 0 us$1 b /ill ! rabbits greatly increas$4 ,! d+o 0 tam$ & us$ = hunt+ !m1 & !n ! mongoose 0 import$ f ,india to kill !m (f4 ,b ! rabbits seem$ to h increas$ a ?\s&-fold4 ,9 despair1 rabbit commission]s 7 appo9t$ 9 ea* colony to en=ce ! build+ ( high rabbit-pro( wire f5ces1 & n[ ?\s&s ( miles ( wire f5ces h be5 built s z to enclose ranges & f>ms4 ,by means ( ! f5ces & by ! use ( v>i\s me?ods ( de/roy+ ! pe/s1 !y are n[ kept 9 *eck aft] caus+ millions ( doll>s ( damage1 & at an enorm\s annual exp5se to ! coloni/s4 ,9 ! meantime x 0 discov]$ t ! fle% ( ! rabbit 0 excell5t food1 & ! slaught] ( millions to be pres]v$ has be5 a noticeable *eck to _! increase4 ,unlike ! ,am]ican ,indians1 ! aborig9al peoples ( ,au/ralia 7 nev] tr\blesome to ! ,european settl]s1 & al?\gh apt to be ?ievi% !y 7 n incl9$ to w>like acts :5 ! ,european settlem5ts 7 new4 ,! bu%rang]s1 z !y are call$1 some:at resemble ! negro peoples1 & are ?\ght to be a "p ( ! black race t is f\nd 9 ! isl& ne> ,new ,gu9ea4 ,!y are class$ z ,negroids1 or ,negritos1 & !y be> a consid]able resemblance to ! ,african pygmies1 ) :om at lea/ "o au?ority classes !m4 ,!y are mat]ially l>g] & tall] ?an ! pygmies1 h[ev]1 ?\gh bel[ ! av]age /ature ( ,europeans4 ,at all ev5ts !y are among ! l[e/ type ( human be+s4 ,! bu%rang]s h no fix$ habitation2 !y d n build h\ses nor live 9 villages2 !y h no dome/ic animals except ! d+o1 & !y d n cultivate ! soil4 ,!y live nom9ally by hunt+ & fi%+1 b _! food consi/s ( ab\t any?+ t requires no weapons beyond ! fi%-net & ! boom]ang4 ,!y r>ely mole/ l>g] game1 ?\gh "s ( ! tribes employ a net 9 :i* to entrap ! kang>oo4 ,( all ! weapons us$ by savage tribes ! boom]ang is ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,9 %ape x is a flat /rip ( h>dwood hav+ an angle1 or else slightly curv$ 9 ! middle4 ,! int]e/+ feature ab\t x is ! fact t :5 skilfully ?r[n x w return to ! ?r[] unless int]cept$4 ,a bu%rang] may be skilful en\gh to ?r[ ! boom]ang ahead ( him s t 9 its return x w kill a small animal back ( him4 ,! bu%rang]s 7 only too ready to adopt ! vices ( ,europeans1 b !y h n be5 able to )/& ! *anges wr\ght by civilization4 ,_! numb]s h /eadily dim9i%$4 ,9 #ahhj !y 7 ?\ght to be ab\t eighty ?\s& 9 numb]1 b at ! close ( ! c5tury !re 7 sc>cely "o-f\r? z _m4 ,^? :o rema9 are = ! great] "p h]dsm5 & f>m labor]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,home/ead & /ation 9 ,"y di/rict1 ,au/ralia ,"o may n be v f> f "r 9 say+ t ! climate ( ! habitable "p ( ! cont95t is ! =emo/ asset ( ,au/ralia4 ,c]ta9 x is t = heal?fulness & ! /imulation t creates activity1 ! climate ( ,au/ralia is unsurpass$ else:]e 9 ! _w4 ,& because ( its life-gr[+ & invigorat+ "* x has plac$ ! ,au/ralian high 9 ! rank ( ! _w's =emo/ p4 ,climate & soil1 too1 h made ,au/ralia "o ( ! =emo/ wool-produc+ c\ntries ( ! _w4 ,n f> f "o hundr$ million doll>s' wor? ( wool & mutton are export$ ye>ly1 & mu* ( ! wool clip is a f9e grade ( m]9o4 ,gold is ano!r product ( ,au/ralia4 ,at ! close ( ! c5tury ! m9es _h produc$ a total ( m ?an "o billion doll>s' wor? ( ! metal4 ,9 r\nd figures1 ! great ,?ir/ ,l&1 ) a population ( ab\t f\r millions1 scatt]$ along ! edge ( a great des]t cont95t1 produces en\gh weal? to sell ye>ly ab\t ?ree hundr$ millions ( doll>s' wor? ( its products6 ,! =ego+ picture ( ,au/ralia pres5ts1 p]haps1 ! unpleasant side ( ,au/ralian life4 ,b ?is great ,?ir/ ,l&1 s f> f be+ an inhospitable des]t1 is "o ( ! _w's greate/ /oreh\ses ( weal?4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,great ,,b>ri] ,,reef ,)9 ! tropical p>ts ( ! great ,s\? ,sea are subm>9e g>d5s t 9 ! beauty ( _! floral =ms & _! ri*ness ( color+ rival ! mo/ elaborate fl[]b$s made by man2 9 color & v>iety !y are fairy regions ( exquisite liv+ animal fl[]s4 ,"o ( ! greate/ & mo/ attractive ( ^! sea g>d5s lies (f ! coa/ ( ,au/ralia4 ,( all ! wond]ful animal /ructures 9 ! _w ! ,great ,b>ri] ,reef ( ,au/ralia is ! mo/ rem>kable4 ,x consi/s ( a *a9 ( coral isl&s & reefs p>allel to ! ea/ coa/ ( ,que5sl&4 ,?is great reef is ab\t twelve hundr$ miles long1 & ! di/ance f ! ma9l& to its out] bord] is f t5 to m ?an "o hundr$ miles4 ,x is f> en\gh (f ! coa/ to leave a wide *annel betwe5 ! reef & ! %ore4 ,s9ce x is well *>t$ ?is *annel is ! r\te tak5 by _m vessels4 ,x is admirably furni%$ ) ligh?\ses & light-%ips1 & is protect$ f ! huge roll+ bill[s ( ! ocean by ! reef itself4 ,!re are sev]al breaks 9 ! reef ?r\gh :i* vessels c pass out into ! op5 ocean4 ,?is mighty b>ri]1 ! "w ( coral polyps1 is ( special int]e/ n only on acc\nt ( ! curi\s %apes & v>i$ k9ds ( sea life x pres5ts1 b because ( ! comm]cial value ( its products4 ,! be*e-de-m]1 pe>l1 oy/]1 & sponge fi%]ies yield an annual rev5ue ( upw>d ( half a million doll>s1 & :5 all ( ! res\rces ( ! reef are prop]ly exploit$ ! returns w be m ?an d\bl$4 ,! habitat ( ! reef-build+ coral is 9 cle> tropical wat]s4 ,! polyps ?rive be/ ne> ! surface2 !y _c live at a dep? exce$+ "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet4 ,! reef-build+ coral mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! preci\s1 or r$1 coral1 :i* fl\ri%es 9 a muddy sea-bottom & is f\nd *iefly 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,:5 alive & 9 ! wat]1 coral polyps pres5t a v>iety ( beautiful =ms & colors4 ,liv+ polyps are compos$ ( lime/one skeletons cov]+ & p]meat+ a s(t gelat9\s sub/ance :i* corresponds to ! fle% ( animals4 ,:5 ! polyps are remov$ f ! wat] ?is soon decomposes & disappe>s2 9 c]ta9 species a "p ( x fl[s (f z a ?ick liquid4 ,fi% fanta/ically /rip$ & ( brilliantly v>iegat$ colors are se5 swimm+ among ! coral4 ,9 tropical wat]s _m ( !m h fasc9at+ colors & patt]ns4 ,by simulat+ ! colors ( ! coral polyps !y escape ! species t prey ^u !m4 ,! diff]5t k9ds ( coral are g5]ally designat$ by common names accord+ to ! diff]5t objects :i* !y resemble4 ,?us1 by simil>ity ( =m we h bra9 coral1 organ-pipe coral1 mu%room coral1 /aghorn coral1 etc4 ,"s ( ! isl&s & reefs are ! homes ( sea f[l & at ! ne/+ season are lit]ally cov]$ ) _! eggs4 ,^! fi%]s ( ! sea h m>vell\sly well-develop$ faculties = location1 s9ce ea* bird goes directly to h] ne/ :5 return+ to ! isl&s4 ,z night approa*es1 :5 all ! birds seek ! l&1 _! wild cries are deaf5+4 ,"s ( ! isl&s are turn$ to pr(itable acc\nt by ! export ( guano4 ,on ,ra9e ,isl&1 s ext5sive are ! deposits ( guano t a railroad has be5 built to facilitate h&l+ ! product4 ,be*e-de-m]1 or trepang1 is a "n appli$ to ! fle% ( c]ta9 sea slugs or sea worms f\nd 9 ! ,indian seas4 ,( ?is sub/ance great quantities are ga!r$ annually4 ,9 ! wat] ! animals resemble huge cucumb]s1 & !y are !re=e sometimes call$ sea-cucumb]s4 ,!y are f\nd cl++ to ! rocks bel[ l[-wat] m>k1 & are f "o to f\r feet 9 l5g?4 ,_! food consi/s ( microscopic %ell-fi% :i* live ^u ! coral rocks4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,great ,b>ri] ,reef ( ,au/ralia1 ! mo/ rem>kable animal /ructure 9 ! _w ,! trepang export$ f ?is section requires consid]able c>e 9 prep>ation4 ,aft] be+ ga!r$ f ! rocks !y are clean$1 boil$1 & p>tly dri$ 9 ! air2 !n !y are smok$ ) mangrove wood until dry & h>d4 ,! be/ class ( trepang is pack$ 9 t9 cases to keep x p]fectly dry1 z moi/ure ru9s x4 ,! product is m>ket$ *iefly at ,hongkong1 :]e x is us$ 9 mak+ ! gelat9\s s\ps = :i* ! ,*9ese are s fam\s4 ,! pe>l-%ell fi%]ies yield products ( consid]able value4 ,! av]age dep? f :i* ! "m-(-pe>l %ell is ga!r$ is sev5 or eight fa?oms4 ,tw5ty fa?oms repres5ts ! greate/ dep? 9 :i* div]s1 ev5 9 _! div+ suits1 c "w1 s great is ! pressure ( ! wat] ^u !m4 ,! fi%]y is c>ri$ on *iefly = secur+ ! %ells1 ! f9d+ ( pe>ls be+ ( second>y importance1 s9ce only ab\t "o %ell 9 a ?\s& conta9s a pe>l ( mu* value4 ,! %ells !mselves br+ 9 ! m>ket f ?ree hundr$ to eight hundr$ doll>s p] ton accord+ to quality & size1 & are us$ *iefly = mak+ buttons & small ornam5ts4 ,! ,cairn ,cross ,isl&s1 a little coral gr\p midway betwe5 ,cape ,gr5ville & ,cape ,york1 are especially int]e/+ z ! home & ne/+-place ( ! ,torres ,/rait pigeons4 ,^! l>ge :ite pigeons are highly e/eem$ = ! table4 ,!y ga!r at ! isl&s dur+ ! mon? ( ,octob] & rema9 until ! end ( ,m>*4 ,! ne/s are usually built 9 ! =k$ bran*es ( ! mangrove trees t =m ext5sive ?ickets along ! coa/4 ,ea* ne/ conta9s two :ite eggs4 ,! ,au/ralian jungle-f[l or scrub-h5 also frequ5ts ^! isl&s z well z ! ma9l&4 ,! ne/s ( ^! birds are l>ge & unique4 ,!y consi/ ( huge m\nds ( dead leaves1 grass1 /icks1 & s(t e>? pil$ toge!r by ! adult birds 9 %ad$ & seque/]$ places4 ,! m\nds are ab\t tw5ty feet 9 diamet] & f t5 to fifte5 feet high4 ,sev]al pairs ( birds g5]ally unite 9 _! con/ruction4 ,:5 ! m\nds are complet$ ! birds burr[ holes 9 ! c5tre & deposit _! eggs1 :i* are left to be hat*$ by ! moi/ heat eng5d]$ by ! decay+ vegetation4 ,=ty or fifty brick-r$ color$ eggs z l>ge z ^? ( a turkey are sometimes f\nd 9 a s+le ne/4 ,bo? ! eggs & ! p>5t birds are excell5t eat+4 ,! ,au/ralian bee-eat]1 a bird ( attractive plumage1 is f\nd all ov] ! nor!rn islets ( ! ,b>ri] ,reef4 ,x has a long1 %>p curv$ bill & two long1 n>r[ fea!rs 9 its tail4 ,its beautiful gre5 plumage1 v>i$ ) ri* br[n & black1 & vivid blue on ! ?roat1 makes x an attractive bird4 ,! sea-anemones ( ! ,great ,b>ri] ,reef are rem>kable = bo? beauty ( color & /ructure2 "s ( !m measure f\r or five in*es across ! exp&$ disk4 ,9 ,torres ,/rait are se5 brilliant sea-anemones ar\nd ! bord] ( ^: disks are jewel-l clu/]s4 ,^! beautiful sea animals pres5t ! appe>ance ( delicately t9t$ fl[]s adorn$ ) ! mo/ exquisite gems4 ,/>fi% & sea-ur*9s ( all descriptions are f\nd 9 imm5se numb]s4 ,! five-ray$ v>ieties ( />fi% are univ]sally condemn$ z insatiable foes ( ! oy/] family1 & ! oy/] cultivators de/roy all !y c f9d4 ,to dismemb] ! body ( ! />fi% by pull+ (f ! f+]-l rays does n kill ! animal1 = n only does ea* fi% produce new rays b ea* ray w produce a new />fi%4 ,! pr$atory />fi% fa/5s itself to bo? valves ( ! oy/]1 =ces !m op51 & consumes ! fle%y "p4 ,x is de/ructive n only to oy/]s b to clams1 mussels1 b>nacles1 snails1 worms1 & small cru/acea z well4 ,! v>iety ( sea life ab\t ! great reef is legion4 ,among ! bivalves ! mo/ rem>kable = ! size & weight ( ! %ells are ! trida*na & hippopus4 ,9 "s localities !y are s num]\s t _! %ells h be5 burn$ to make lime4 ,a pair ( trida*na valves (t5 weighs sev]al hundr$ p\nds4 ,to ! naturali/ ! ,great ,b>ri] ,reef is an object ( special attraction4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,gold ,,fields ,,( ,,au/ralia ,! "n ,au/ralia1 l t ( ,cali=nia1 conjures up 9 ! m9d visions ( gold2 & ! /ory ( ! gold excitem5t 9 bo? is v simil>4 ,janu>y #bd1 #ahdh1 0 ! r$-lett] day 9 ,cali=nia's hi/ory1 & ! news t transpir$ t day electrifi$ ! _w4 ,:ile con/ruct+ a saw-mill at ,coloma ,creek1 a bran* ( ! ,am]ican ,riv]1 ,john ,m>%all pick$ up a h&ful ( gold nuggets 9 ! mill-race4 ,at once ! gold fev] seiz$ all f> & ne>4 ,dur+ ! ensu+ ye> fifty ?\s& p]sons came by sea & by l& f ! ,/ates ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & =ty ?\s& m f o!r p>ts ( ! _w2 all b5t ^u digg+ = gold 9 ! new ,el ,dorado4 ,f f>-(f ,au/ralia came vessels cr[d$ ) pass5g]s4 ,among ^! 0 ,edw>d ,h4 ,h>graves1 :o _h liv$ = tw5ty ye>s 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 :]e =tune _h n smil$ on him4 ,h>graves 0 a ke5 obs]v] & some?+ ( a geologi/ z well4 ,he dilig5tly sc\r$ ! gullies & canyons 9 ! gold regions ( ,cali=nia1 & :5 he quit he possess$ a good sum ( money z a return = 8 labor4 ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,cali=nia he became conv9c$ t gold exi/$ 9 ,au/ralia1 s9ce _m ( ! =mations & /rata 7 simil> to ^? ( ! gold-be>+ fields ( ,cali=nia4 ,aft] work+ = ne>ly two ye>s1 he plann$ to return to 8 old home1 implicitly believ+ t he c\ld w9 ri*es & fame by discov]ies ( ! preci\s metal 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales2 & z soon z he _h l&$ at ,sydney he made ready to te/ 8 !ories4 ,:5 he expla9$ to 8 fri5ds :at he purpos$ to d & 8 reasons !y consid]$ him half crazy4 ,moreov]1 rumors t convict %eph]ds _h sold gold nuggets to trad]s 9 ,sydney /r5g!n$ 8 belief t gold 9 pay+ quantities c\ld be obta9$ by seek+ = x4 ,!re 7 rumors also t a gold nugget _h be5 pick$ up on ,fi% ,riv]4 ,procur+ a team he set =? on 8 j\rney = ! ,blue ,m\nta9s ly+ back ( ,sydney4 ,on ! f\r? day out1 /opp+ at an inn kept by a wid[1 he confid$ to h] 8 mission & enli/$ h] co-op]ation4 ,he reque/$ a black boy = a guide2 b in/ead %e s5t h] son1 :o 0 well acqua9t$ ) e in* ( ! region = miles ar\nd4 ,tak+ horses1 ,h>graves & ! "y man />t$ out f ! inn4 ,x 0 a crisp autumn morn+ succe$+ a dry summ]4 ,a c>eful se>* 0 made up & d[n canyons & gul*es4 ,at l5g?1 dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! day1 !y rea*$ ! bank ( a dry creek :i* disclos$ /rata simil> to ! aurif]\s gravels ( ,cali=nia4 ,look+ ab\t1 ,h>graves f\nd a spot 9 ! b$ ( ! creek f :i*1 aft] scoop+ (f ! top1 he scrap$ f ! b$rock a panful ( e>?4 ,ha/5+ to ! wat] hole ) ! load$ pan1 he proce$$ to wa% away ! soil & lo1 9 ! bottom ( ! pan 7 bright-yell[ p>ticles6 ,i %all be made a b>onet & bo? ( u w be ri*1 exclaim$ ! excit$ ,h>graves4 ,he seem$ to be walk+ ^u air & c\ld sc>cely believe 8 own s5ses4 ,nev]!less1 he prud5tly kept 8 own c\nsel until he _h tak5 out sixty ?\s& doll>s4 ,!n he ha/5$ to ,sydney to lay ! matt] be=e ! gov]nm5t4 ,! gov]nm5t gave him a rew>d ( fifty ?\s& doll>s = 8 discov]ies & made him commission] ( ! gold fields4 ,h>graves's unexpect$ f9d /imulat$ o!r p]sons to se>* else:]e = ! attractive metal1 & soon o!r & f> ri*] fields 7 f\nd4 ,f "o locality alone sev5 tons ( gold 7 obta9$ 9 a s+le mon?4 ,! :ole c\ntry n[ w5t gold mad4 ,doctors left _! pati5ts1 lawy]s _! (fices1 bak]s & but*]s _! %ops1 cl]ks ! /ores1 & sailors des]t$ _! %ips z soon z !y t\*$ ! :>ves--ev]ybody ha/5$ to ! digg+s eag] to get ri*4 ,:5 confirmation ( ! wond]ful gold deposits 9 ,au/ralia rea*$ ! outside _w1 a gr& ru%1 l t to ,cali=nia1 took place4 ,new t[ns & cities sprang up z by magic1 & f ! increase ( bus9ess ! old] places rapidly became m popul\s4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,h>graves's discov]y1 ,victoria has produc$ ! mo/ gold1 "s ( ! l>ge/ nuggets 9 ! _w hav+ be5 f\nd 9 ?is colony4 ,! foll[+ /ory ( ! gold fields is relat$ 9 ,lang's ,au/ralia3 ,:ile ! %ip ,dudbrook 0 dock$ at ,sydney1 :]e %e 0 receiv+ h] c>go1 a sailor boy nam$ ,bob he>d ( ! great quantities ( gold t _h be5 dug out ( ! m\nta9s4 ,he long$ to try 8 luck at m9+1 b h>dly knew h[ he c\ld get away f ! %ip )\t be+ caught4 ,9 ! meantime1 :ile ! %ip 0 receiv+ h] c>go1 all ! old crew except ,bob _h des]t$4 ,he hesitat$ ab\t leav+ & seem$ to f9d no good opportunity to escape unnotic$4 ,! day ( dep>ture arriv$4 ,! sails 7 be+ %ak5 out by ! new crew1 :i* _h be5 press$ into s]vice4 ,! little tug t 0 to t[ ! big %ip out ( ! h>bor 0 beg9n+ to /raight5 ! cable & *urn ! wat] into foam1 b ! haws] /ill held ! vessel fa/ to ! :>f4 ,! capta9 %\t$ ,bob1 ,bob1 get a%ore & ca/ (f ! haws]4 ,bob n[ saw ! long-wait$-= opportunity & ) alacrity sprang to ! :>f1 b n to release ! haws]4 ,he ran along1 hidd5 by ! jetty1 until he rea*$ ! %ore & !n dodg$ into a h\se :]e he _h fri5ds4 ,! skipp] c\ld n /op to hunt up ! runaway1 s ! vessel 0 t[$ out ?r\gh ! ,heads & sail$ = ,newca/le to pick up a c>go = ,india4 ,! next day ,bob />t$ on foot = ! m9es &1 :ile on 8 way1 pick$ up "o ( 8 old %ipmates ) :om he =m$ a p>tn]%ip4 ,on arriv+ at ! digg+s1 ! two /ak$ out a claim & began s9k+ a %aft2 b aft] rea*+ ! bottom no metal greet$ _! long+ eyes4 ,ano!r %aft 0 sunk & ?is "t !y /ruck x ri*4 ,)9 two mon?s ea* _h sav$ up "o hundr$ tw5ty p\nds ( gold4 ,l "s ( 8 companions1 ,bob n[ conclud$ to take a %ort re/ & g to ,sydney = a few days ( pleasure4 ,!re=e he *ang$ 8 gold into p\nd notes1 &1 /uff+ ! big rolls into 8 tr\s]s' pockets1 />t$ = ! city4 ,be+ ( an economical turn ( m9d1 he conclud$ to walk1 & tak+ an e>ly />t1 by ! middle ( ! aft]noon he _h measur$ (f tw5ty-five miles4 ,! day 0 hot & ! roads du/y2 & see+ a %ady nook1 ne> a creek n f> f ! roadside1 he betook himself ?i!r & sat d[n to wait = a bullock wagon :i* he _h pass$ two h\rs be=e4 ,! wat] 9 ! /ream look$ cool & invit+1 s he undress$ to take a swim4 ,9 tak+ (f 8 clo!s he pull$ out ( 8 pockets ! two bundles ( p\nd notes & laid !m beside 8 boots4 ,aft] be+ 9 ! wat] = "s "t1 he came out2 & look+ :]e he _h laid ! notes1 c\ld see !m n[h]e4 ,:o c\ld h tak5 !m8 ,he saw no "o ar\nd :5 he undress$1 & he _h se5 no "o ab\t :ile he 0 ba?+4 ,possibly ! ?ief 0 hid+ beh9d "s ( ! trees ne> by4 ,)\t wait+ to dress1 he se>*$ "h & !re beh9d trees & logs1 b !re 0 no sign ( ! ?ief4 ,he 0 greatly di%e>t5$ at 8 loss1 b1 putt+ on 8 clo!s1 he came across a t5-p\nd note :i* he _h conceal$ 9 a side pocket4 ,?is f9d *e]$ him up & he resolv$ to g d[n to ! city not)/&+ 8 loss4 ,! bullock team soon came along & ,bob told ! driv] :at _h happ5$4 ,!y bo? se>*$ ! gr\nd ov] to solve ! disappe>ance ( ! money1 b 9 va94 ,:5 ,bob rea*$ ,sydney1 l o!r sailors1 he visit$ sev]al b>rooms :]e he told ! /ory ( 8 /range loss4 ,9 "o ( ! places1 9 a corn]1 sat an old ,scot* crone1 smok+ h] pipe & quietly li/5+ to ! conv]sation4 ,at midnight :5 ,bob 0 ab\t to leave1 ! old woman said1 ,:at w ye gie me if ,i f9d y] money = ye8 ,:at w ,i give ye1 "m8 cri$ ,bob4 ,:y1 ,i'll give ye a silk dress & a t5-p\nd note4 ,x's a b>ga96 %e cri$2 & !n %e told him :at to d4 ,he 0 to be ready at f\r ! next morn+ ) a horse & trap :i* he c\ld obta9 f ! l&lord4 ,if he w\ld take along an axe1 a roll ( /r+1 & a newspap]1 %e w\ld f9d 8 money = him1 %e said4 ,?\gh mu* 9 d\bt ab\t ! p[] ( su* articles to f9d 8 money1 ,bob did z old ,maggie _h direct$1 & %>ply at f\r 9 ! morn+ ! two />t$ back to 8 ba?+ place4 ,x took b a %ort "t to drive back t5 miles to ! creek & ! holl[ log on :i* ,bob sat :5 he pull$ (f 8 boots4 ,n[1 %[ me ! place :]e ye put ! money d[n1 said ,maggie4 ,aft] c>efully look+ ar\nd %e seem$ to be satisfi$ ) ! conditions4 ,n[1 gie me ! pap] & ! tw9e1 %e said4 ,tak+ a portion ( ! pap] & ty+ x ) a long piece ( tw9e %e laid x d[n j :]e ! notes _h be5 plac$4 ,!n ,maggie said1 ,let u seek a %ady place a %ort di/ance away & ,i'll play ye at cribbage4 ,bob took little /ock 9 ^! seem+ly fooli% arrangem5ts2 nev]!less he det]m9$ to be game to ! end4 ,%e l$ ! way to a cool place on ! creek bank a hundr$ y>ds di/ant :]e !y sat d[n4 ,%e !n drew out ( h] pocket a dirty pack ( c>ds & a b> ( soap pun*$ ) holes to be us$ z a cribbage bo>d4 ,two games 7 leisurely play$1 bo? ( :i* ,maggie won4 ,n[1 said %e1 ,come wi' me4 ,%e hobbl$ back to :]e ! pap] ti$ ) a /r+ _h be5 left4 ,no pap] 0 9 sight1 b hang+ out ( ! holl[ log :]e ,bob _h remov$ 8 boots 0 ! end ( ! /r+4 ,maggie *uckl$1 & po9t+ to ! log1 cri$1 ,n[ rip x up wi' ! axe4 ,bob set to "w ) a w & soon _h a big hole *opp$ out ( ! holl[ log1 & behold6 !re 7 ! bank-notes & ! newspap]1 =m+ a cozy ne/ = "s little speckl$ native cats call+ = _! breakfa/1 :ile f>!r 9 7 se5 two bright balls ( fire1 ! "m cat's eyes4 ,! "m cat _h run (f ) ,bob's money to make a ne/ = h] "y ones4 ,maggie accept$ ! t5-p\nd note b refus$ ! silk dress1 tell+ ! lad t %e _h no use = su* f9]y4 ,soon aft] ! ,engli% settl$ 9 ,au/ralia !y introduc$ m]9o %eep1 & dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury ! bre$ has be5 con/antly improv$4 ,x is e/imat$ t n[ !re are n less ?an sev5ty-five million %eep 9 ,au/ralia4 ,! two great drawbacks to ?is ?riv+ indu/ry are dr\ght & disease4 ,"s ye>s1 ow+ to ! scanty ra9fall1 millions ( %eep h />v$ = lack ( food4 ,two seasons prevail1 ! dry & ! ra9y1 ! climatic conditions be+ simil> to ^? ( ,cali=nia4 ,! ea/]n section ( ?is cont95tal isl& is ! only "p t is adapt$ bo? to graz+ & to agriculture4 ,new ,s\? ,wales outranks all ! o!r ,au/ralian colonies 9 %eep rais+1 & ,que5sl& 9 cattle rais+4 ,almo/ ! entire ea/]n %ore section is well adapt$ to ! production ( lemons1 oranges1 & figs1 :ile 9 ! s\!a/]n "p all k9ds ( temp]ate-zone fruits fl\ri%4 ,! production ( :eat also des]ves important att5tion4 ,! developm5t ( cold-/orage transportation has giv5 a great impetus to ! exportation ( froz5 mutton & beef to ,engl&4 ,melb\rne1 ! capital ( ,victoria1 situat$ on ,port ,philip ,bay1 ne> ! m\? ( ! ,y>ra ,riv]1 is ! l>ge/ city ( ,au/ralia & conta9s ne>ly half a million p4 ,x is built *iefly ^u two hills & ! int]v5+ valley4 ,! /reets are broad & cross ea* o!r at "r angles4 ,_m ( ! squ>es are devot$ to public p>ks & g>d5s4 ,!re are spl5did public & private build+s1 includ+ an excell5t libr>y & an art gall]y1 bo? ( :i* are free to all4 ,al?\gh less ?an sixty ye>s old1 ?is "y city w comp>e favorably 9 reg>d to its build+s & g5]al managem5t ) ! l>ge/ cities 9 bo? ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,! olde/ city 9 ,au/ralia1 ,sydney1 is ! capital ( ,new ,s\? ,wales & has a population ( f\r hundr$ ?\s&4 ,x is situat$ on ,port ,jackson & is said to h ! f9e/ h>bor 9 ! _w4 ,?is is a completely l&lock$ %eet ( deep wat] :i* c be ent]$ only ?r\gh a n>r[ passage1 ?us af=d+ protection to ! %ipp+1 ev5 dur+ ! mo/ viol5t /orms1 & s l>ge t x c\ld accommodate all ( ! fleets t sail ! ocean & h room to sp>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,melb\rne is ! l>ge/ city ( ,au/ralia & conta9s ne>ly half a million p ,( ,au/ralia's ?irte5 ?\s& miles ( railways all b five hundr$ miles belong to ! colonial gov]nm5t1 & are adm9i/]$ 9 ! int]e/s ( ! p4 ,s l[ are ! freight & pass5g] rates t (t5 a tax has to be levi$ to meet ! deficits4 ,m ?an half ( ! public debt is due to gov]nm5t own]%ip ( ! railroads4 ,among o!r prom95t places may be m5tion$ ,brisbane1 ! capital ( ,que5sl&2 ,adelaide1 ! capital ( ,s\? ,au/ralia2 & ,p]?1 ! capital ( ,we/]n ,au/ralia4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,tasmania ,9 #afdb a ,dut* navigator nam$ ,abel ,janszoon ,tasman discov]$ ! isl& :i* n[ be>s 8 "n4 ,tasman did n "k t he _h discov]$ an isl&1 b ?\ght t he _h discov]$ a "p ( ! ma9l& ( ,au/ralia2 s he nam$ x ,van ,diem5's ,l&1 9 honor ( 8 patron1 ,an?ony ,van ,diem51 ,gov]nor ( ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies4 ,tasmania 0 once "o va/ plateau1 b 9 "t nature work$ away on its broad surface2 m\nta9s & valleys 7 *isell$ 9 its face1 mak+ x a picturesque & div]sifi$ isl&4 ,x is well wat]$2 /reams ab\nd 9 e "p1 & _m l>ge lakes are f\nd 9 ! int]ior4 ,! ,d]w5t 9 ! s\? is ! l>ge/ riv]1 & vessels may g almo/ to ! head ( its e/u>y4 ,on acc\nt ( its beautiful m\nta9 sc5]y1 ,tasmania is call$ ! ,switz]l& ( ,au/ralia4 ,deep w9d+ valleys1 clo!d ) groves ( f]ns1 give add$ *>m to its sc5]y4 ,9 rec5t ye>s x has become a fam\s summ] resort = ,au/ralians1 _m ( :om pass a portion ( ! hot season 9 its wond]ful =e/ solitudes & seclud$ f]n-tree vales4 ,no attempt to colonize ,tasmania 0 made until #ahjc4 ,9 t ye> f\r hundr$ convicts 7 br\ght !re & ! vessel conta9+ ! prison]s sail$ up ,d]w5t ,riv] & l&$ !m :]e ! city ( ,hob>t n[ /&s4 ,:5 ! convicts l&$1 !y f\nd a v d>k-sk9n$ race ( natives 9 possession ( ! l&4 ,! natives 7 l[ ( /ature1 ) ugly broad faces1 flat noses1 & frizzly hair4 ,_! habits 7 repulsive1 b !y 7 in(f5sive4 ,!y liv$ *iefly on %ell-fi% & :at !y c\ld obta9 f ! sea4 ,occasionally !y hunt$ ! kang>oo1 & un=tunately a kang>oo hunt l$ to _! undo+4 ,"o morn+ a newly-arriv$ comm&] ( ! convict colony saw a l>ge numb] ( natives mak+ t[>d ! camp4 ,he did n "k _! cu/oms & mi/ook a *ase aft] a kang>oo = an attack on ! camp4 ,s he ord]$ ! soldi]s to fire on ! cr[d1 &1 z a result1 fifty or m 7 kill$4 ,?is 0 bad en\gh1 b worse 0 to come2 = escap$ convicts began to rob & murd] ! natives :5ev] !y c\ld d s4 ,s 9 "t !re began a bu% w>f>e t almo/ ext]m9at$ ! poor natives4 ,f9ally1 ! remnant1 ab\t two hundr$1 7 put on a transport & c>ri$ to ,fl9d] ,isl&1 :]e !y gradually decreas$ 9 numb]4 ,! la/ native di$ 9 #ahgd4 ,9 #ahec1 ! ,engli% gov]nm5t ceas$ to s5d convicts to ! isl&1 & )9 a few ye>s aft]w>d ! blacke/ plague spot 9 ! _w became "o ( ! mo/ beautiful colonies on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,tasmania is f> en\gh s\? ( ! tropics to h a mu* great] ra9fall ?an mo/ ( ,au/ralia1 b x is n f> en\gh to h a cold climate4 ,! g5]\s ra9fall cov]s ! :ole surface ) gre54 ,!re are =e/s ( eucalyptus1 or gum tree1 tree f]ns1 bee*1 & acacia--j ab\t ! same k9ds t "o f9ds 9 ,au/ralia4 ,! animals1 too1 are mu* ! same z 9 ,au/ralia1 & "s species ( !m are p\*$1 l ! opossum4 ,_m ( !m are n[ r>ely to be f\nd ne> ! settlem5ts1 b "o k9d is pretty c]ta9 to be f\nd at all times & seasons--! ,tasmanian devil4 ,?is ugly bea/ is a t]ror to any neighborhood4 ,an ,engli% hunt] describ$ x by say+ t x 0 m be> ?an wildcat1 & m wildcat ?an be>--& be>-cat x is frequ5tly call$4 ,! tig]-wolf is ano!r pe/ t makes great havoc among h]ds & flocks4 ,/ill ano!r pe/1 also call$ devil1 has b&s ( black & :ite on its neck & %\ld]s1 a ?ick heavy tail1 & a bulldog m\?4 ,x is a c[>dly little night pr[l] ) a fondness = "y lambs4 ,z 0 ! case 9 ,au/ralia1 ! success ( %eep-gr[+ & ! f9d+ ( ri* gold-m9es put an end to ! convict colony4 ,ev5 be=e ! m9es became pr(itable ! ran*m5 7 try+ to /op ! s5d+ ( convicts to ! isl&2 b :5 ! gold fields 7 f\nd1 x 0 /opp$ 9 %ort ord]4 ,v %ortly gold-m9+ became ! lead+ indu/ry4 ,!n t9 ore 0 f\nd at ,m\nt ,bis*(f4 ,tasmania n[ produces m t9 ?an all ! re/ ( ,au/ralasia4 ,9 addition to ! t9 & preci\s metals1 !re are great b$s ( excell5t coal--en\gh = all ! smelt]ies & manufactories 9 ! isl&4 ,next to ! m9es ! %eep & cattle ran*es br+ ! *ief pr(its to ,tasmania4 ,b ano!r indu/ry is gr[+ & bids fair to become m pr(itable ?an ei!r m9+ or cattle-gr[+4 ,! fruit ( ,tasmania is ( ! v f9e/ quality4 ,moreov]1 :5 ! fruit is rip5+ 9 an ,au/ralasian spr+ & summ]1 all ,engl& is %iv]+ 9 midw9t] /orms4 ,:at bett] bus9ess c\ld !re be ?an to %ip apples & pe>s fre% f ! ,tasmanian or*>ds8 ,^? same apples c be %ipp$ half-way r\nd ! _w & sold 9 ,engl& = a l[] price ?an ! apples %ipp$ f ,buffalo to ,new ,york ,city6 ,!n !re are ! pea*es1 *]ries1 & /rawb]ries4 ,!y f9d a ready m>ket 9 ,au/ralia1 a matt] ( only a few miles away4 ,s 9 "t ,tasmania is b\nd to be "o ( ! great fruit-gr[+ c\ntries 9 ! _w4 ,:]e once ! fir/ convict colony made its camp ! beautiful city ( ,hob>t /&s4 ,x is e bit an ,engli% t[n4 ,! bus9ess "p ( ! city consi/s ( f9e1 sub/antial build+s2 mo/ ( ! resid5ces are l[-built & half hidd5 9 g>d5s ( roses4 ,! s*ool-h\ses are z good z ^? 9 any ,am]ican city ( ! same size1 & ! s*ools !mselves are equal to ! be/ any:]e4 ,k9d]g>t51 gramm> s*ool1 high s*ool1 & univ]sity are )9 ! rea* ( all :o desire4 ,x is said t an ent]pris+ man c g to ,tasmania1 make 8 =tune 9 fifte5 ye>s1 & return to ,engl& ri*1 to sp5d ! re/ ( 8 days4 ,b :y %\ld any "o desire to leave su* a beautiful isl& to sp5d ! re/ ( 8 life 9 ,london smoke & fog8 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,new ,,zeal& ,by digg+ at ,london "r ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! e>? "o w\ld em]ge ab\t a day's ride1 9 an automobile c>1 f ! capital ( ,new ,zeal&--if only ! automobile c\ld ride on ! wat]4 ,t is to say1 ,engl& & ,new ,zeal& are almo/ exactly opposite ea* o!r on ! e>?4 ,t is ! %ort way1 h[ev]1 & ! trip w\ld be eight ?\s& miles4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! trip by ! only available r\te is n f> f sixte5 ?\s& miles2 =1 g ei!r ea/ or we/ z "o may *oose1 ! r\te f ,london to ,new ,zeal& is a v r\ndab\t way1 & ,new ,zeal& is ,great ,brita9's mo/ remote colony4 ,:5 ,tasman 0 cruis+ ab\t ! ,pacific1 or ,s\? ,sea1 he skirt$ ! coa/ ( ! isl&s4 ,t 0 9 #afdb4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty ye>s aft]w>d ,capta9 ,cook call$ at ! isl&s & annex$ !m z an ,engli% possession1 b ! ,engli% gov]nm5t refus$ to take !m4 ,e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury mission>ies br\ght ! ,bible to ! native ,maoris1 & at ! same "t lawless trad]s c>ri$ liquor & fire>ms to ^? same natives4 ,:at 0 /ill worse1 !y kept on supply+ !m ) liquor & fire>ms until !re 7 b a few ?\s& natives left4 ,! ,maoris are ! mo/ rem>kable native peoples ( ! ,pacific4 ,!y 7 n ! orig9al p ( ,new ,zeal&1 h[ev]1 = !y drove away ! black race--probably l t ( ,new ,gu9ea--:i* !y f\nd !re4 ,l ! ,hawaiians & ,fijians1 ! ,maoris came f ,samoa ab\t five c5turies ago4 ,_! traditions ab\t _! j\rney are cle> & exact2 ev5 ! names ( ! canoes1 or b>ges1 9 :i* !y made ! j\rney are pres]v$ 9 ,maori hi/ory4 ,fir/ !y w5t to ,r>otonga1 an isl& ( ! ,cook gr\p2 !n !y w5t to ,new ,zeal&4 ,illu/ration3 ,maori pa1 or village ,long be=e :ite m5 _h settl$ 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ! ,maoris _h made great advances t[>d civilization4 ,!y _h become wond]ful c>v]s 9 wood2 !y 7 also exp]t build]s1 weav]s1 & dy]s4 ,no bett] seam5 c\ld be f\nd 9 ! ,pacific4 ,w> 0 _! *ief employm5t1 h[ev]1 & tribal w>s 7 always go+ on 9 "s p>ts or o!r ( ! isl&s4 ,"o may comp>e !m 9 progress to ! tribes ( ,new ,york j be=e ! ,iroquois conf$]acy 0 =m$4 ,two l>ge & a small isl& make up ! great] "p ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,nor? ,isl& is a little small] ?an ,new ,york ,/ate2 ,s\? ,isl& is a little l>g]2 ,/ew>t ,isl& is half ! size ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,aside f ^!1 ! ,*a?am1 ,auckl&1 & "p ( ! ,cook gr\p--9 fact1 pretty ne>ly e outly+ gr\p t c be us$ = cattle & %eep gr[+--are includ$ 9 ! ,new ,zeal& colony4 ,?is indu/ry is ! reason = ! exi/5ce ( ,new ,zeal&2 x is ! great meat-produc+ m>ket ( ,great ,brita94 ,! two l>ge/ isl&s ( ,new ,zeal& =m a great plateau4 ,m\nta9 ranges bord] ! edges1 & f]tile1 well-wat]$ l[l&s are betwe5 ! ranges4 ,! ranges & valleys1 toge!r ) hundr$s ( lakes1 are beautiful to ! eye2 !y c\ld n be bett] = a great graz+ indu/ry4 ,cook ,/rait1 :i* sep>ates ! two isl&s1 is ab\t sixte5 miles wide at its n>r[e/ cross+4 ,nor? ,isl& has sev]al active volcanoes1 & likewise "o ( ! ?ree fam\s geys] regions 9 ! _w4 ,!re us$ to be ! ,p9k-&-,:ite ,t]races also--t]races ( brilliant color+1 l ^? ( ,yell[/one ,p>k4 ,b a few ye>s ago ,volcano ,t>aw]a _h a bad fit ( eruption1 & :5 ! eruption 0 ov]1 ,p9k-&-,:ite ,t]races 7 cov]$ _m feet deep ) lava & a%4 ,_m ( ! high] ranges are sn[-clad ! ye> r\nd4 ,! ,new ,zeal&]s d n ne$ to g half-way r\nd ! _w to sp5d ! summ] 9 ,switz]l&2 !y h a f9e ,switz]l& at home4 ,inde$1 ! ,alps ( ,europe are n surpass$ by ^? ( ,new ,zeal&2 & z = glaci]s1 ! great ,tasman ,glaci] _c be surpass$--tw5ty miles long1 a mile wide1 & no "o kn[s h[ deep4 ,9 ,s\? ,isl& "s ( ! glaci]s rea* almo/ to ! sea4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,petrify+ ,geys]1 ,new ,zeal& ,!re is "s wond]ful vegetation 9 ,new ,zeal& & n[h]e else w "o f9d a great] v>iety ( f]ns4 ,"s ( !m gr[ 9 ! =m ( trees2 "s are huge v9es2 & /ill o!rs are z f9e & delicate z ! maid5hair f]n4 ,"s k9ds h f9e wiry t5drils t are mu* us$ = mattresses & cu%ions4 ,ano!r plant looks s mu* l a palm t no "o ignorant ( plants w\ld suspect t x 0 n a palm-tree2 b z a matt] ( fact x is a lily4 ,s _m ( ! =e/ trees are ev]gre5s1 & s abundant is ! grass t at all times ( ! ye> ! isl&s are gre5 f ! m\nta9 summits to ! sea4 ,( all ! =e/ trees ! kauri p9e has be5 "o ( ! mo/ valuable--has be51 because n _m trees are left4 ,! wood itself is ab\t z easily work$ z :ite p9e or ,cali=nia r$wood4 ,:at is /ill bett]1 x is v t\gh & durable4 ,b ! wood itself is only a "p ( ! weal? ( ! kauri =e/s4 ,! b>k is full ( gum :i*1 :5 h>d1 is mu* l amb]4 ,x makes a v h>d & glossy v>ni% t comm&s a high price because ( its good qualities4 ,9 places :]e old kauri =e/s h exi/$1 digg+ kauri gum is a pr(itable employm5t4 ,kauri-gum m9+ does n require mu* capital4 ,a %>p iron rod & a pick are ab\t ! only tools requir$4 ,! ga!r] goes ab\t ?ru/+ 8 rod into ! e>? at int]vals ( a few in*es4 ,:5 he feels a piece ( gum ) 8 rod he ne$s only to use 8 pick to capture x4 ,= _m ye>s ab\t a million doll>s' wor? ( kauri gum 0 ?us obta9$ ea* ye>4 ,! lumps v>y 9 size f t ( a h5's egg to masses weigh+ sev]al p\nds4 ,!re are also "s /range animals 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,"o curi\s creature is a bird )\t w+s--! kiwi4 ,! species is "o ( _m simil> k9ds t liv$ 9 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal& ages ago4 ,_! rema9s are f\nd 9 abundance1 b ! kiwi is ! la/ species n[ liv+4 ,x has a long1 %>p bill & hair-l fea!rs4 ,a full-gr[n bird is ab\t ! size ( a bantam f[l4 ,"o ( ! m beautiful birds is a dull gre5 p>rot1 ! kea4 ,b ! kea is also a wret*$ pe/1 = x has le>n$ h[ to kill %eep s9ce ! %eep-h]d]s came to ,new ,zeal&4 ,! kea d>ts out ( ! air1 fa/5s its talons 9 ! side ( ! %eep1 & quickly makes a gap+ hole into ! animal's vitals4 ,?\s&s ( %eep are ?us kill$ e ye>4 ,!re are ab\t "o million p 9 ,new ,zeal&1 & mo/ ( !m live on ! ea/ side ( ,s\? ,isl&4 ,t is :]e ! grassy l&s are2 & t is :y ! cattle & %eep are !re also4 ,& ! p are !re because ( ! %eep & cattle4 ,new ,zeal& is "o ( ! greate/ graz+ regions 9 ! _w1 & mo/ ( ! v>i\s indu/ries 9 ! isl&s h some?+ or o!r to d ) ! graz+4 ,9 ,au/ralia ! %eep are gr[n almo/ :olly = wool4 ,t is because climate & grasses are j "r = ! gr[? ( wool4 ,9 ,new ,zeal& ! climate & grasses are n v good = wool1 b !y are j "r = meat1 bo? mutton & beef4 ,s ! comm]ce ( beef & mutton is ! *ief bus9ess ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,! meat mu/ g a long way be=e x rea*es ! p :o consume x2 !y live 9 ,great ,brita9 & we/]n ,europe4 ,9 any case1 too1 x mu/ h a long summ] trip2 = "o _c g f ,new ,zeal& to ,europe )\t cross+ ! ,torrid ,zone4 ,ev5 if ! meat 7 s5t f ,new ,zeal& 9 midw9t] x n only has a long trip 9 ! ,torrid ,zone1 b x gets to ,europe 9 midsumm]4 ,n[1 x is v pla9 t meat _c be c>ri$ = a mon? or six weeks on a /eam%ip )\t prep>ation4 ,! prep>ation is v simple2 ! meat1 aft] dress+1 is froz5 & x is kept froz5 until x rea*es ! p :o eat x4 ,!re are refrig]at+-rooms at ! slaught]-h\ses1 refrig]ator c>s to ! ne>e/ port1 & refrig]ator %ips to ,london4 ,wool is also "o ( ! important products ( ,new ,zeal&1 b x has a mu* co>s] & h>%] fibre ?an ! f9e m]9o wool ( ,au/ralia4 ,z a rule1 %eep t are gr[n = _! wool fe$ on grass2 ^? t are = mutton get _! f9al fe$+ on turnips2 & all ,engl& has said t turnip-f$ mutton is good4 ,*ri/*ur*1 a city ( ab\t sev5ty ?\s& p1 is "o ( ! great c5tres ( ! wool & mutton indu/ry4 ,! city is !re because ! great ,cant]bury ,pla9 is "o ( ! f9e/ graz+ regions 9 ! _w4 ,*ri/*ur* is n v old--x 0 made a city 9 #ahfb--;b x has gr[n pretty vigor\sly4 ,its h&some build+s--*ur*es1 college1 museum1 & s*ool-h\ses--are z f9e z ^? ( any city ( ! same size any:]e4 ,! /reets are wide & beautifully kept1 & electric railways ext5d to half a doz5 suburbs4 ,out 9 ! suburbs are ! l>ge meat-freez+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,9 ! season = export ab\t fifte5 ?\s& %eep are dress$ & froz5 daily 9 ! great plants 9 & ar\nd ,*ri/*ur*4 ,! freez+-rooms are kept at a temp]ature ( a cold w9t] night4 ,9 a s+le plant !re may be z _m z t5 or fifte5 ?\s& c>casses hang+ f great frames1 & ! walls ( ! rooms are cov]$ ) a ?ick coat ( ice & fro/4 ,9 ?ree days f ! "t ! meat is put into ! freez+-room x w be ready = its long j\rney4 ,well+ton is ! capital ( ,new ,zeal&2 x is likewise ! w9dy port ( ! ,pacific1 = x is 9 ! eye ( ! ro>+ =ties1 ! /rong we/ w9d ( ! ,s\? ,temp]ate ,zone4 ,b ,well+ton has ! h>bor1 & ! h>bor has ! %ipp+2 & because ( ?is ,well+ton is a v ri* & prosp]\s municipality4 ,on ! :ole1 ! ,new ,zeal&]s h n mu* cause to envy ! p ( o!r l&s4 ,e man & e self-support+ woman c become ! own] ( a home/ead2 & ab\t "o p]son 9 e t5 has become a l&hold]4 ,! gov]nm5t lets !m h ! l& on v easy t]ms ( paym5t4 ,wom5 h ! same political rights z are possess$ by m54 ,!y c vote1 hold public (fice1 & hold prop]ty 9 _! own names4 ,! gov]nm5t has e/abli%$ po/al sav+s banks at :i* any "o may deposit money2 :at is equally good1 ! money is loan$ at a small rate ( int]e/ to f>m]s :ile !y are wait+ = _! crops4 ,:at is /ill bett]1 ! bank nev] fails1 leav+ ! depositors to :i/le = _! money4 ,! gov]nm5t owns & op]ates mo/ ( ! railways1 telegraph l9es1 & telephone sy/em4 ,!re is good s]vice at a l[ co/4 ,! gov]nm5t manages & supports all public s*ools4 ,att5dance is compulsory & practically ev]y?+ is free f ! k9d]g>t5 to ! univ]sity4 ,!re are old-age p5sions = des]v+ poor p ( good "*2 !re are likewise prisons = ^? ( crim9al "*--& ! two are pretty apt to get toge!r4 ,bad tru/s & monopolies h n got ! upp] h& any:]e 9 ,new ,zeal& & ! gov]nm5t sees to x t !y d n4 ,great ,brita9 appo9ts a gov]nor ( ! colony1 b ! p elect a legislative c\ncil & a h\se ( repres5tatives4 ,new ,zeal& has also some?+ m ?an productive l&s2 ! colony has pl5ty ( coal fields1 gold-m9es1 silv]-m9es1 iron ore1 & copp] ore4 ,ev5 if all ! re/ ( ! _w 7 clos$ aga9/ ?is f>-away colony1 ! ,new ,zeal&]s c\ld worry along q well1 = !y easily rank among ! mo/ prosp]\s & well-gov]n$ p 9 ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,samoa ,,& ,,fiji ,! ,samoa1 or ,navigator's1 ,isl&s1 discov]$ by a ,dut* navigator 9 #agbb1 attract$ b little att5tion until ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity 9 #ahcj4 ,only a few ( ! gr\p are inhabit$2 ! o!rs are *iefly b>r5 rocks4 ,! isl&s are ( volcanic orig91 & e>?quakes are frequ5t1 b n sev]e4 ,fr++ coral reefs =m b>ri]s t 9 a great measure protect ! isl&s f heavy seas4 ,! gr\p lie on ! /eam%ip r\te betwe5 ,au/ralia & ! ,pacific coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica2 h5ce !y are important to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! l>g] isl&s are m\nta9\s & well =e/$4 ,"s ( ! m\nta9s atta9 ! height ( five ?\s& feet4 ,e>ly 9 ! '#hj's !re 7 ?ree rival *iefs1 ea* ( :om want$ to be k+4 ,z a result1 !y 7 at w> mo/ ( ! "t1 & ! prop]ty ( ,am]icans & ,europeans suff]$ greatly4 ,s1 9 #ahhi1 ,great ,brita91 ,g]many1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates =m$ a jo9t protectorate ov] !m4 ,t5 ye>s lat] ano!r outbreak 0 /irr$ up by =eign adv5tur]s2 s ! isl&s 7 annex$ to ,g]many & ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! sake ( peace4 ,! two l>ge/1 ,savii & ,upolu1 7 c$$ to ,g]many2 ,tutuila & ! ,manua gr\p 7 tak5 by ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on condition ( hav+ a free h& 9 ! ,cook gr\p1 ,great ,brita9 gave up all claims4 ,a ri* soil1 tropical temp]ature1 & a g5]\s ra9fall make ! isl&s productive4 ,am]icans :o live !re claim t 9 no o!r "p ( ! _w c ! necess>ies ( life be obta9$ s easily z 9 ,samoa4 ,savii1 ! l>ge/ isl&1 has a small] area ( cultivable l& ?an ! o!rs4 ,once ^u a "t1 h[ev]1 x 0 ! mo/ d5sely peopl$ & ! ri*e/ isl& ( all ,samoa4 ,!n a volcanic eruption cov]$ mu* ( its surface ) a% & lava4 ,p]haps 9 "t ! lava fields may become good soil1 z !y h 9 ,hawaii4 ,tutuila is "o ( ! f\r isl&s belong+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ! o!r ?ree1 ,tau1 ,(u1 & ,olos5ga1 belong to ! ,manua gr\p4 ,all ( !m toge!r are n half ! size ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,tutuila is p]haps ! mo/ important isl& ( ,samoa1 because ( its f9e h>bor1 ,pago ,pago--,pango ,pango1 ! ,samoans pron\nce x4 ,pago ,pago is c]ta9ly a f9e h>bor4 ,! entrance is s n>r[ t x c be clos$ easily2 !n x wid5s out into a bay two miles long & ne>ly half a mile wide4 ,:5 ! ,panama ,canal is complet$1 ,pago ,pago w be "r 9 ! track ( /eam%ips f ,europe & ! ,unit$ ,/ates b\nd = ,au/ralia4 ,apia1 on ! isl& ( ,upolu1 is ! port ( ! ,g]mans4 ,! h>bor is l>g]1 b x is n s well protect$4 ,9 #ahhi1 :5 a typhoon /ruck ,apia 7bo? ! t[n & ! %ipp+71 v few build+s escap$ damage or de/ruction4 ,& ! %ipp+8--well1 !re 0 n mu* left4 ,!re 7 six w>%ips & a lot ( sail+-vessels 9 ! ,v-%ap$ h>bor4 ,:5 ! /orm rag$ h>de/ x seem$ to gr[ a bit m furi\s4 ,"s ( ! vessels dragg$ _! an*ors & 7 pil$ up z wrecks on ! bea*4 ,o!rs f\nd]$ & w5t to ! bottom ) all abo>d4 ,?ree or f\r manag$ to get out ( ! bay into ! op5 sea1 :]e !y 7 fairly safe4 ,b ,pago ,pago h>bor is l>ge & deep4 ,:at is /ill bett]1 x is surr\nd$ by bluffs & m\nta9s t w %elt] a big fleet aga9/ ev5 ! fury ( a typhoon4 ,mo/ ( ! isl&s are cov]$ ) a d5se vegetation1 tropical & ri*ly color$4 ,!re is an abundance ( h>dwood trees1 b ! breadfruit1 banana1 & cocoa-palm are ! mo/ useful4 ,! breadfruit-tree gr[s wild1 b x is also cultivat$4 ,! fruit is ab\t ! size ( an ord9>y cantal\pe4 ,9 "s species ! fruit is fill$ ) se$s ne>ly z l>ge z *e/nuts & ^! are sometimes eat54 ,! be/ fruit1 h[ev]1 is fill$ ) />*y matt]4 ,x is cook$ 9 _m ways1 b x is greatly reli%$ :5 bak$ 9 hot a%es cov]$ ) live coals4 ,aft] x is ?us cook$1 x is cut op5 & ! ri* juicy pulp scoop$ out4 ,:5 cook$ ) meat & gravy x is sup]ior to ! f9e/ mu%rooms4 ,! cocoa-palm is a s\rce ( n a little pr(it4 ,! ?ick husk yields a fibre t is mu* us$ 9 mak+ co>se mats2 ! dri$ meat ( ! nut is ! copra ( comm]ce4 ,l>ge quantities are export$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,europe 9 ord] to obta9 ! oil2 & ! oil is us$ *iefly to make soap4 ,! native ,samoans are light] color$ ?an mo/ ,polynesians1 & are ! f9e/ native peoples ( ! ,s\? ,pacific ,ocean4 ,_m ye>s ago mission>ies & tea*]s settl$ 9 ,samoa & !y f\nd ! natives to be pretty apt s*ol>s4 ,by nature !y 7 dignifi$ & polite2 !y also le>n$ quickly ! arts ( civiliz$ life4 ,n[adays ne>ly e native village has its *ur* & s*ool-h\se4 ,! ,samoans are fond ( music & "o may he> ,am]ican hymns & melodies 9 ne>ly e native h\se4 ,! native h\ses are l>g] ?an mo/ ( ! h\ses "o f9ds among ! ,pacific isl&s4 ,two or m long po/s support ! ridge pole & a great numb] ( %ort] po/s hold ! l[] edges ( ! ro(4 ,! ro( itself consi/s ( closely fitt$ mats ( bru% ?ickly ?at*$ ) ! leaves ( wild sug> cane4 ,a well-made ro( la/s a doz5 ye>s or m4 ,mats ( sug>-cane closely wov5 are loosely fa/5$ to ! out] r[s ( po/s s t !y c be easily put up or tak5 d[n4 ,!y =m ! side walls ( ! h\se4 ,! floor is made ( clay1 pav$ ) pebbles4 ,usually !re is a floor cov]+ ( mats4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! floor is a fire pit :i* s]ves = ! purpose ( cook+ dur+ ! day & to drive out ! mosquitoes at night4 ,! b$s & *airs are mats & ! pill[s are made ( bamboo4 ,! ,samoans "k h[ to live well4 ,) ea* h\se !re is pretty c]ta9 to be a g>d5 9 :i* yams1 t>o1 sweet potatoes1 bananas1 fruit1 & *ick5s are gr[n4 ,!n1 !re are fi% & %rimps t c be caught 9 abundance4 ,b ! *ief & mo/ highly priz$ di% is call$ poi4 ,t>o & kalo are names--or a "n1 r2 = !y are diff]5t =ms ( ! same ^w--giv5 to sev]al plants t gr[ f />*y bulbs4 ,"o k9d ( t>o looks mu* l a lily t gr[s high] ?an a tall man4 ,! bulb1 or root1 is fir/ bak$ & !n gr\nd to a pa/e ) wat]4 ,:5 ?us prep>$1 x is set aside until x beg9s to f]m5t2 !n x is ready to be eat54 ,a great di% or pot ( poi is plac$ on a mat & ! family ga!r ar\nd1 "o aft] ano!r dipp+ x out ) _! h&s4 ,to =eign]s poi has a mo/ unpleasant1 disagreeable ta/e4 ,:5 made into cakes & bak$1 h[ev]1 x is mu* reli%$ by =eign]s4 ,kava is ! national dr9k4 ,x is made f ! roots ( a %rub belong+ to ! pepp] family4 ,! root is gr\nd betwe5 /ones & !n soak$ 9 wat]4 ,aft] a :ile x is p\nd$ & rubb$ until all ! milky juice is squeez$ out ( x4 ,:5 extra-f9e kava is want$1 "y girls *ew ! root until x has become pulpy4 ,aft] /&+ a day or two x is /ra9$ & is !n ready to be drunk4 ,x is a cool+ & refre%+ dr9k1 b if tak5 too freely is apt to tangle "o's legs uncom=tably4 ,on acc\nt ( its delightful climate & beautiful sc5]y1 ,samoa is "o ( ! mo/ attractive places 9 ! _w 9 :i* to live4 ,back 9 ! m\nta9s1 a few miles f ,apia1 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son sp5t ! la/ few ye>s ( 8 life1 & 8 body is buri$ on ! top ( ! m\nta9 ne> by4 ,/ev5son 0 greatly belov$ by ! natives1 & aft] 8 dea? he 0 m\rn$ by !m z "o ( _! v be/ fri5ds4 ,( all ! isl&s 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific ,ocean1 ! ,fiji gr\p is ! mo/ important4 ,all told !re are m ?an two hundr$ isl&s1 b sc>cely "o-?ird ( !m are inhabit$1 or ev5 habitable4 ,two ( !m are l>ge4 ,"o1 ,viti ,levu1 is ab\t ! size ( ,connecticut2 ! o!r1 ,vanua ,levu1 is ab\t two-?irds ! size ( t ,/ate4 ,! fam\s ,dut* sailor ,abel ,janszoon ,tasman1 ^: "n is rememb]$ 9 ,tasmania1 saw ! l>g] isl&s 9 #afdc4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty ye>s lat] ,capta9 ,cook call$ at ,viti ,levu & f\nd himself 9 ! mid/ ( a great cannibal fea/4 ,9 #ahdj1 ,capta9 ,*>les ,wilkes1 9 *>ge ( a ,unit$ ,/ates exp$ition1 explor$ !m2 %ortly aft]w>d !y became a possession ( ,great ,brita94 ,! l>g] isl&s are great domes ( lava built up by volcanic eruptions2 _m ( ! small] ones are coral =mations1 & all are fr+$ ) coral reefs4 ,d5se =e/s ( tropical vegetation cov] ! l>g] isl&s4 ,cocoanut & o!r palms are ev]y:]e to be f\nd4 ,a species ( p9e1 mu* l ! kauri p9e ( ,new ,zeal&1 gr[s on ! l>g] isl&s4 ,among ! =e/ trees are also sev]al k9ds ( tree-f]ns & a tree-nettle4 ,:5 ! po9t$ leaves ( ! latt] prick ! sk9 !y /+ ! fle% z badly z does a wasp4 ,! ,engli% h done well by bo? ! isl&s & ! isl&]s4 ,!y h made ! isl&s yield a good ye>ly pr(it to ! gov]nm5t itself1 b !y h also made ! natives indu/ri\s & cont5t$4 ,:5 ! fir/ ,briti% settlem5ts 7 made 9 ,fiji1 ! isl&]s 7 9 a mo/ degrad$ condition4 ,!y did no "w except to gr[ a few yams1 bananas1 & breadfruit4 ,_! *ief employm5t 0 w>1 & ?is 0 c>ri$ on1 n = conque/1 b to capture z _m z possible4 ,a few captives 7 held z slaves1 b mo/ ( !m 7 fatt5$--to be kill$ & eat5 at ! royal fea/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,native canoe1 ,fiji ,isl&s ,not)/&+ all ?is !re 0 ! mak+ ( a v sup]ior p 9 !m2 = :5 ! mission>ies & ! tea*]s got among !m ! natives prov$ v apt pupils4 ,n[ !re are m ?an twelve hundr$ *ur* build+s--& a s*ool-h\se or two = e *ur*4 ,"s ( ! m9i/]s & tea*]s are ,engli%1 b !re are ab\t f\r ?\s& native tea*]s & m9i/]s1 ne>ly all ( :om 7 tra9$ = _! "w 9 ! isl& s*ools4 ,!y are f9e f>m]s1 probably ! be/ 9 ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific4 ,!y gr[ bananas1 p9eapples1 peanuts1 & lemons = ! ,au/ralians1 copra & tobacco = ! ,briti%1 & rice1 t>o1 & g>d5 vegetables = !mselves4 ,!y h le>n$ to irrigate _! f>ms1 us+ op5 dit*es & bamboo ma9s4 ,!y make ! f9e/ canoes to be f\nd 9 ! ,pacific4 ,"s ( ! canoes are b>ges ne>ly "o hundr$ feet 9 l5g?2 & n ev5 ! ,hawaiians are m exp]t 9 us+ !m4 ,n a little pr(it to ! isl&]s comes f ! sea4 ,!y are exp]t div]s & ga!r l>ge quantities ( pe>l %ells1 :i* f9d a ready m>ket ) ! button-mak]s ( ,europe4 ,fi% are caught1 dri$1 & sold 9 ,*9a4 ,"o sea product1 ! be*e-de-m]1 a m>9e animal commonly call$ sea-cucumb]1 is highly priz$ by ! ,*9ese1 :o use l>ge quantities2 mo/ ( x is ga!r$ by ! ,fijians4 ,sug>1 h[ev]1 is ! *ief product ( ! isl&s1 & ! sug> plantations are own$ by great companies t h inve/$ millions ( p\nds /]l+ 9 ! bus9ess4 ,! plantations altoge!r produce m ?an ?ree million doll>s' wor? ( sug> ye>ly4 ,! native isl&]s w n "w 9 ! sug> fields2 s coolies f ,india 7 br\ght to ! isl&s to "w on ! plantations4 ,suva 7,viti ,levu71 & ,leonka 7,ovalu71 ! two l>ge/ t[ns1 are mu* l ,european cities1 except t ! h\ses are l[ & h l>ge y>ds fill$ ) %ade trees & fl[]s4 ,9 ! native villages ! dwell+s are mu* l ^? 9 ,samoa1 ?\gh a trifle bett]1 p]haps4 ,! side walls are cov]$ ) plait$ re$s1 & ! ro( is ?at*$ ) palm leaves securely fa/5$4 ,9 ! l[l&s x is cu/om>y to build a plat=m ( rock ^u :i* ! h\se /&s & into :i* ! f\ndation poles are set4 ,?is is done = two reasons3 :5 a typhoon sweeps ov] ! isl&s1 ! l[l& coa/ is sometimes flood$2 moreov]1 ! w9d bl[s ) su* t]rific =ce t none b ! mo/ /rongly built h\se w )/& x4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! floor is a pit1 or fireplace1 mu* l ! cook+-place "o sees 9 ,samoa or 9 ,hawaii4 ,*ick5s & pieces ( meat to be roa/$ are hung f a frame ov] ! pit4 ,yams & o!r vegetables are boil$ 9 e>!n vessels :i* ! native pott]s make4 ,! floors are cov]$ ) closely wov5 mats2 & 9 ord] to keep !m clean an e>!n vessel fill$ ) wat] is kept outside s t :oev] ent]s ! h\se may ba! 8 feet4 ,inasmu* z ! natives g b>efoot "o may see ! usefulness ( ?is cu/om4 ,great ,brita9 has _m isl&s 9 ?is "p ( ! ,pacific2 ,gilb]t1 ,ellice1 ,tonga1 ,cook1 & "s ( ! ,solomon gr\p all fly ! ,union ,jack4 ,!re is an ,engli% gov]nor1 or ,high ,commission]1 z he is /yl$1 :o looks aft] ,briti% affairs 9 ! isl&s4 ,9 ,fiji he is ! real gov]nor1 b 9 _m ( ! isl&s native *iefs & k+s gov]n _! peoples ab\t z !y please1 provid$ !y d n int]f]e ) ,briti% int]e/s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,! ,,hawaiian ,,isl&s ,almo/ midway betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,*9a a m\nta9 *a9 m ?an ?ree ?\s& miles long crosses ! tropic ( ,canc]4 ,only ! highe/ peaks1 h[ev]1 rea* above sea level2 mo/ ( ! range is fa?oms deep 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,pacific4 ,! ea/]n end ( ?is great *a9 con/itutes ! ,hawaiian gr\p ( isl&s1 or ! ,t]ritory ( ,hawaii4 ,altoge!r !y are pretty ne>ly z l>ge z ! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey1 or five times ! size ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,all ! isl&s are v rugg$ 9 surface--/eep & high cliffs1 deep valleys & canyons1 & /up5d\s crat]s t h vomit$ great floods ( lava4 ,a little way f %ore ! ,pacific has "s ( its deepe/ b$s4 ,if ! sea c\ld be remov$ ! isl& ( ,hawaii w\ld be a great dome five miles high4 ,! coral polyps h add$ _! mite to ! build+ ( ^! isl&s1 & coral reefs are ! f\ndation ( ! coa/ pla9 t surr\nds a consid]able "p ( ! gir? ( ea*4 ,an equable climate ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 a s(t & balmy air1 brilliant color+ on bu% & tree1 magnific5t pictures ( sea & sky1 & ( m\nta9 & pla91 make ! isl&s a v]itable p>adise4 ,x is ?\ght t ^! isl&s 7 peopl$ by ,samoan natives ab\t ! ye> #fjj1 & t subsequ5tly _! numb] 0 augm5t$ by emigrants f ! ,fiji & o!r s\!rn isl&s4 ,at fir/ !re 0 pl5ty ( l& = all1 b z _! numb] increas$1 qu>rels arose4 ,ea* isl& _h its k+ or *ief & "s ( ! l>g] isl&s _h two or m4 ,! result 0 a condition v mu* l ! feudal sy/em2 ea* k+ _h petty *iefs1 & ^!1 9 turn1 _! reta9]s1 :o 7 little bett] ?an slaves4 ,prie/s1 :o rank$ equal to ! petty *iefs1 direct$ _! pagan wor%ip & occasionally made human sacrifices4 ,! k+s 7 pretty apt to be at w> ) "o ano!r mo/ ( ! "t1 b1 ab\t =ty ye>s be=e ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 !re came a great soldi] & lead]1 ,kamehameha ,i4 ,by ! aid ( ,european weapons & ! c\nsel ( =eign fri5ds1 he ov]came 8 rivals & br\ght all ! isl&s "u 8 sway4 ,! ,hawaiian ,isl&s 7 made kn[n to ! re/ ( ! _w :5 t plucky ,engli% sailor1 ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 0 mak+ 8 ?ird & la/ great voyage ( discov]y1 9 :i* he _h set out to f9d ! fam\s & tragic nor?we/ passage4 ,on a r\ndab\t way to ,b]+ ,/rait1 he call$ at ! isl&s :i* seem$ v attractive to him4 ,p]haps x is n q "r to say t he discov]$ !m1 = x seems v probable t ! ,spani% explor] ,gaetano discov]$ !m 9 #aeee4 ,illu/ration3 ,g5]al view ( ,volcano ,h\se1 ,kilauea1 ,hawaii ,x 0 #aghi :5 ,cook fir/ visit$ ! isl&s1 & aft] he _h cont9u$ 8 voyage ?r\gh ,b]+ ,/rait1 & _h fail$ to f9d ! nor?we/ passage1 he turn$ ab\t & sail$ = ! isl&s4 ,:ile a%ore ) a "p ( 8 crew at a l&+ t is n[ ! village ( ,kealakekua1 "o ( ! %ip's boats 0 /ol5 by natives4 ,n[ ,cook _h le>n$ to manage ,s\? ,sea isl&]s 9 a v practical1 ?\gh n ! mo/ tactful1 way4 ,:5 tr\ble occurr$ he us$ to s5d out a /rong l&+ p>ty1 seize ! k+ or *ief & take him abo>d ! vessel--a proce$+ :i* usually br\ght ! natives to t]ms4 ,b at ?is p>ticul> "t ! l&+ p>ty 0 driv5 to ! boats & ,cook 0 kill$4 ,! gr\p ( isl&s 0 fir/ nam$ aft] ,"l ,s&wi*1 a patron & fri5d ( ,cook4 ,at ! "t ( ,cook's discov]y ( ! long-=gott5 isl&s x 0 e/imat$ t _! population 0 n f> f f\r hundr$ ?\s&4 ,mission>ies w5t to ! isl&s e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury & _! reports br\ght _m ,am]icans & ,europeans :o settl$ !re p]man5tly4 ,!n ! *ief bus9ess ( ! isl&s 0 ! ord9>y trade ) ! _m :al+ vessels t 7 9 ! ,pacific4 ,= a "t ! isl&s 7 "u ! protection ( ,great ,brita92 !n !y became an indep5d5t k+dom4 ,:5 x 0 f\nd t ! lava fields made ! be/ sug>-gr[+ soil 9 ! _w1 ,am]ican capital came 9 millions ( doll>s to be inve/$ 9 great plantations ( sug> cane4 ,tr\ble betwe5 ! que5 & ,am]ican bus9ess int]e/s became s s]i\s 9 "t t ! que5 0 de?ron$ & ! ,republic ( ,hawaii 0 e/abli%$4 ,! republic 0 %ort-liv$1 h[ev]2 = :5 ! ,spani%-,am]ican w> occurr$1 x 0 se5 t ,hawaii is ! key to ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,! ,hawaiians1 =eign]s & natives1 _h long wi%$ to become a "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s ! isl&s 7 annex$ & %ortly became ! ,t]ritory ( ,hawaii4 ,!re are six l>ge isl&s--,hawaii1 ,maui1 ,oahu1 ,kauai1 ,molokai1 & ,lanai4 ,!re are _m small outly+ islets1 mo/ ( :i* are n inhabit$4 ,wireless telegraph /ations connect ! pr9cipal isl&s2 an ocean cable ties ! ,t]ritory to ,san ,francisco2 & /eam%ip l9es c>ry on comm]ce ) ,briti%1 ,japanese1 & ,am]ican ports4 ,ev5 ! railway-build] has n =gott5 ,hawaii1 = !re are n f> f two hundr$ miles ( railroad1 ab\t half ( :i* c>ry ! products ( ! sug> & c(fee plantations to ! ne>-by ports4 ,hawaii1 ! l>ge/ isl&1 is fam\s = its great volcanoes1 ,kea1 ,loa1 & ,kilauea4 ,f ! village or city ( ,hilo com=table coa*es take visitors ov] a f9e road cle> to ! crat] ( ,kilauea4 ,at times "o may /& on ! edge ( ,kilauea's ramp>t & look d[n on a lake ( :ite-hot1 molt5 lava ?ree miles long & half z wide4 ,e n[ & !n bubbles ( gas or /eam come to ! surface & explod+ s5d long ?reads ( visc\s lava into ! air4 ,"s ( ! glassy ?reads are f9e z ! f9e/ silk & a bla/ ( air c>ries !m (f to ! cliff2 ,pele's hair1 !y call x1 & ! sea-gulls ga!r x to make _! ne/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a lake ( :ite-hot molt5 lava4 ,! volcano ( ,mauna-,loa1 ,hawaii ,! highe/ po9ts ( ,hawaii isl& are ne>ly f\rte5 ?\s& feet above sea level4 ,bel[ ! l9e ( ab\t t5 ?\s& feet ea/]ly w9ds br+ an abundance ( ra92 above t l9e we/]ly w9ds br+ occasional %[]s & sn[ squalls4 ,z a result "o may f9d places only a few miles ap>t1 "o ( :i* has almo/ daily ra9s :ile ! o!r gets none at all along ! l[l& coa/s4 ,oahu is ! be/-kn[n isl& because ( ,honolulu1 ! capital ( ! ,t]ritory4 ,a mo/ beautiful city x is2 inde$1 !re is no?+ else:]e to surpass x 9 attractiv5ess--wide /reets1 beautiful p>ks1 fl[] g>d5s ( wond]ful plants1 f9e dwell+s1 electric /reet c>s1 good gov]nm5t1 & s*ools t are fam\s4 ,all ^! ?+s make ,honolulu "o ( ! mo/ desirable & attractive cities ( homes any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,j back ( ,honolulu is a volcanic peak ) its great crat]--! ,pun* ,b[l1 !y call x1 because ( its %ape4 ,z "o looks d[n f ! rim ( ! ,pun* ,b[l ! city is half hidd5 among its palms & alg]oba trees4 ,above ! trees are ! domes & turrets ( ! ,national ,palace1 ! gov]nm5t build+1 & ! s*ool-h\ses4 ,9 ! di/ance "h & !re are ! great plantations--sug>1 rice1 & banana4 ,9 ! city /reets "o w see ! p ( _m l&s--,g]mans1 ,engli%1 ,am]icans1 native ,hawaiians1 ,*9ese1 ,japanese1 ,koreans1 ,malays1 & ,h9doos4 ,_m ( ! native ,hawaiians are ri* & prosp]\s2 "s are 9 bus9ess1 & o!rs are 9 pr(essional life4 ,_m ( ! ,*9ese are well-to-d m]*ants4 ,! ,h9doos1 ,malays1 & ,japanese 7 br\ght to ,hawaii to "w 9 ! great plantations4 ,9 ! native villages "o w frequ5tly f9d a little *ur* build+ & almo/ always ! di/rict s*ool4 ,p]haps !re may also be a ,*9ese /ore4 ,black-ey$ *ildr5 are runn+ ab\t dress$ 9 long g[ns1 & "s ( !m c>ry little bundles ( s*ool-books1 ea* ti$ ) /\t cord or a lea!r /rap4 ,! ,hawaiians w n "w 9 ! sug> & ! rice fields1 & n _m w /& ! easi] labor on ! c(fee plantations4 ,9 cultivat+ _! little pat*es ( bananas1 breadfruit1 cassava1 & t>o1 h[ev]1 !y are pretty indu/ri\s4 ,:5 ! "t ( ! royal fea/ comes1 ! natives1 or ,kanakas1 z !y call !mselves1 get busy4 ,! fea/ c]ta9ly is a royal "o4 ,roa/ pig & roa/ *ick5 are smok+ 9 a doz5 dirt ov5s4 ,!re are /eam+ yams & sweet potatoes by ! bu%el1 great piles ( all sorts ( fruit--& poi4 ,all ! re/ ( ! food is commonplace2 poi is ! di%4 ,x is "o-f+] poi1 two-f+] poi1 or ?ree-f+] poi1 accord+ z x is ?ick en\gh to be lift$ out ( ! pot /ick+ to "o f+]1 or s ?9 z to require a dextr\s swi% ( two or ?ree4 ,waikiki is ! great resort ( ,honolulu4 ,!re is ! f9e/ ( ba?+ ! ye> r\nd2 & :at is m int]e/+1 ! native surf swimm]s4 ,) a piece ( plank j l>ge en\gh to support 8 weight 9 ! wat]1 ! ba!r swims out to ! reef 9 /ill wat]4 ,!n he1 or %e--= "y girls are mo/ exp]t swimm]s--makes = op5 wat]1 :]e ! comb]s are =m+4 ,!n1 ly+ flat1 ba!r & plank are borne along on ! swift roll+ surf until bo? are toss$ high on ! bea*4 ,! aqu>ium is fam\s = its unique collection ( fi% & m>9e animals2 x is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! _w4 ,ne> by is ! race c\rse & amphi!atre4 ,:at is /ill bett] is ! w9d+ road ?r\gh f]ns & fl[]s t leads to ! crat] ramp>t1 ,diamond ,hill4 ,half a doz5 miles we/ ( ,honolulu "o goes by rail ar\nd ! %ore ( ,pe>l ,lo*s1 or ,h>bor4 ,pe>l ,h>bor is l>ge en\gh & deep en\gh to float all ! w>%ips ,uncle ,sam w ev] own1 & ! possession ( ?is magnific5t site = a naval /ation 0 a v /rong inducem5t to annex ,hawaii4 ,less ?an "o hundr$ miles away1 at ,kalaupapa1 on ! isl& ( ,molokai1 is ! lep] settlem5t4 ,ye>s ago ,*9ese settl]s br\ght ! disease to ,hawaii2 !n ! natives began to be /rick51 & :5 x 0 f\nd t leprosy 0 spread+1 ! lep]s 7 s5t to ,molokai4 ,= _m ye>s !y _h b little c>e2 ! gov]nm5t f$ & clo!d ! poor victims & t 0 ab\t all4 ,9 #ahgc ,fa!r ,dami51 a plucky ,ca?olic prie/1 w5t to ,molokai & !reby made himself practically a prison] = life4 ,fa!r ,dami5 procur$ physicians1 tra9$ nurses1 & ! be/ possible c>e = ! lep]s1 & !y c\ld at lea/ die 9 com=t if !y c\ld n live4 ,!n ,fa!r ,dami5 himself 0 /rick5 & di$4 ,by ?is "t1 h[ev]1 ! gov]nm5t took ! matt] 9 h&4 ,a f9e hospital 0 built & a laboratory = ! /udy ( ! disease 0 e/abli%$4 ,^? :o are able to "w c p>tly support !mselves1 & !y are f> bett] (f :5 busy ?an :5 idle4 ,9 #ahdh ! ,great ,division took place2 t is1 ! l&s = ! k+1 = ! public doma91 & = ! p 7 set aside1 s t ! p :o s desir$ c\ld own _! f>ms & dwell+s4 ,at t "t ! isl&s 7 important only z a call+ place = :al+ vessels4 ,at ! pres5t "t ,dame ,nature is made to yield annually n f> f "o hundr$ million doll>s' wor? ( products--sug>1 rice1 c(fee1 fruit1 & cattle4 ,a few ye>s h5ce1 tobacco1 rubb]1 cotton1 & honey w be add$ to ! li/ ( export$ products4 ,am]icans own ! sug> plantations1 :i* are ma9ly on ! lava fields ( ,hawaii1 ,oahu1 & ,maui ,isl&s4 ,! ,*9ese & ,japanese cultivate ! rice along ! coa/ l[l&s ( ,oahu & ,kauai4 ,%eep & cattle are gr[n on ,lanai & ,niihau4 ,uncle ,sam has br\ght "s v valuable additions to 8 public doma91 b no inve/m5t has paid bett] ?an ,hawaii1 ! ,p>adise ( ! ,pacific4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx ,,guam ,:ile cruis+ 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean ,magellan discov]$ a *a9 ( isl&s ab\t fifte5 hundr$ miles ea/ ( ! ,philipp9e gr\p4 ,:ile he lay at an*or1 pr$atory natives /ole "s ( 8 belong+s2 !reupon ,magellan gave !m a bad "n1 & to ?is day ! isl&s be> ! "n ,ladrones1 or ?ieves isl&s4 ,guam1 ! l>ge/ isl& 9 ! gr\p1 became m or less important j aft] ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>1 inasmu* z x 0 requir$ z "o ( our *a9 ( naval & coal+ /ations t pretty ne>ly encircles ! e>?4 ,z isl&s g1 ,guam is ( fair size1 ab\t ?irty miles long & f ?ree to t5 miles 9 wid?4 ,x is m\nta9\s & ! surface is jungle-cov]$ except :]e ! natives h made trails & cle>+s4 ,fr++ coral reefs1 brok5 "h & !re1 encircle ! isl&4 ,"o ( ^! breaks is opposite a bight 9 ! coa/1 ,san ,luis d',apra1 or ,apra1 z x is n[ call$2 & ! bay & *annel toge!r =m a h>bor s well gu>d$ t no transport lad5 ) ho/ile troops w\ld ev] attempt l&+4 ,9 #affh a mission 0 e/abli%$4 ,at ?is "t ! population numb]$ ab\t "o hundr$ ?\s&4 ,! c\ntry 0 s well cultivat$ t ! :ole isl& seem$ l a beautiful g>d51 = ! p 7 pretty good f>m]s4 ,rice & tropical fruits 7 cultivat$ 9 abundance4 ,! natives 7 also skilful 9 ! mak+ ( pott]y & !y _h a well-regulat$ cal5d>4 ,= a "t !y 7 well dispos$ t[>d _! intrud]s2 b at l5g?1 z !y began to le>n t conv]sion to ! ,*ri/ian fai? meant also slav]y to ! ,spani%1 !y rebell$ aga9/ a sy/em :i* 0 s "o-sid$1 & _! opposition l$ to con/ant /rife & blood%$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ! sev]e treatm5t ( ! ,spani>ds1 toge!r ) contagi\s diseases introduc$1 s completely wip$ out ! native population t1 at ! end ( sev5ty ye>s1 sc>cely two ?\s& 7 left4 ,p]haps no peoples 9 all ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s h suff]$ m ke5ly f contact ) ,europeans ?an ^! aborig9es4 ,fright5$ at ! t]rible mortality !y _h caus$1 ! conqu]ors turn$ to ! ,philipp9es to repl5i% ! depopulat$ isl&4 ,tagals 7 br\ght ov] to occupy ! place ( ! fa/-disappe>+ natives1 & ) ^! _m ( ! natives int]m>ri$4 ,! half-ca/es are inf]ior to ! orig9al inhabitants1 b !y h increas$ 9 population1 & n[ numb] t5 ?\s&4 ,spa9 c$$ ,guam to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahih4 ,s9ce ! acquisition our gov]nm5t has e/abli%$ bo? day & ev5+ s*ools = ! natives1 & !y are mak+ rapid progress 9 education4 ,x is a long j\rney to ,guam--?irty-five hundr$ miles almo/ f ,honolulu & n q half z f> f ,manila4 ,& h[ to get !re8 ,well1 x is n an easy matt]4 ,if y g to ,apia1 or to ,manila1 & rema9 long en\gh--p]haps six weeks1 maybe six mon?s--a ,g]man trad+ s*oon] w come along & take y abo>d4 ,y get !re 9 "t2 = ! trad+ s*oon] is likely to make a v circuit\s trip1 call+ at a doz5 isl&s to get copra 9 ex*ange = clo?1 knives1 & *eap jewelry4 ,b if "o happ5s to h ! "r sort ( pull1 "o c get a pass on an army transport4 ,t means a mo/ delightful trip f ,san ,francisco to ,honolulu1 & !nce to ,guam4 ,uncle ,sam does ! squ>e ?+ by 8 soldi]s1 & ! army transports t c>ry !m to ! di/ant /ations are fitt$ s z to be z com=table z ! be/ l9]s4 ,!re are a big ex]cise deck & a read+-room ) pl5ty ( books4 ,n ! lea/ important "p ( ! equipm5t is a self-play+ piano & a good assortm5t ( music4 ,illu/ration3 ,native pl\gh+ 9 rice-field1 ,guam4 ,"o may f9d rice-f>ms z skilfully cultivat$ z ^? ( ,japan or ,*9a ,!re is n v mu* to see aft] "o rea*es ,guam4 ,"o village is j ab\t ! same z all ! o!rs4 ,p]haps half a doz5 huts are built ( mud1 or possibly ( coral lime/one2 ! re/ are made ( bamboo frames cov]$ ) palm--all 9 "o room 9 :i* ! family & ! pig live4 ,agana1 h[ev]1 is a village ( six or sev5 ?\s& p4 ,x is laid out 9 /reets :i* are fairly regul>4 ,!y are deep ) du/ dur+ ! dry season1 & ) mud ! re/ ( ! ye>4 ,!re are sev]al gov]nm5t build+s :i* are neat & trim1 two or ?ree *ur*es1 sev]al s*ool build+s1 & a few /ores4 ,mo/ ( ! p "o meets on ! /reet speak ,spani%2 a few speak ,engli%4 ,engli% is ! com+ language1 h[ev]2 = ! s*ools are !re to /ay & e "o ( ! fifte5 hundr$ y\ng/]s :o att5d s*ool c>ries away a little ,engli%4 ,a f9e road bord]$ ) palms connects ,agana ) ,apra1 sev5 miles s\?4 ,!re is n mu* to see 9 ,guam4 ,! sc5]y is mu* l t ( e isl& 9 t "p ( ! ,pacific4 ,ab\t ! only div]sion ( ! soldi]s /ation$ !re is hunt+1 :i* is pretty good if "o is cont5t to hunt de] & wild hogs4 ,arti/ic sportsm5 might pref] ! de]1 b all ! real fun is ! %>e ( ! hog-hunt]s4 ,! hogs are savage bea/s :5 corn]$2 !y likewise are full ( animal cunn+4 ,along ! coa/ l[l&s "o may f9d rice-f>ms z skilfully cultivat$ z ^? ( ,japan or ( ,*9a4 ,mo/ ( ! rice is consum$ on ! isl&2 h[ev]1 copra1 or dri$ cocoanut1 is an export1 & its sale br+s en\gh money to ! natives to pur*ase ! clo? & o!r goods ne$$4 ,s9ce ,am]ican occupation ! cacao tree has be5 cultivat$1 & cocoa bids fair to be ! *ief export 9 ! ne> future4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,guam is bett] "u ,am]ican rule ?an at any "t 9 ! previ\s hi/ory ( ! isl&4 ,:5 ! late ,admiral ,s*ro$] 0 gov]nor ( ,guam he consult$ 8 log-book & discov]$ t he 0 altoge!r too f> away f ,wa%+ton to be ti$ to rules & regulations1 or to be tangl$ up 9 (ficial r$ tape4 ,s he cut ! tape & us$ good common s5se in/ead4 ,p]haps ! gov]nm5t 0 a bit patri>*al1 b x 0 good1 clean1 & :olesome--& e "o pr(it$ by x4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi ,,! ,,philipp9e ,,isl&s ,our newe/ possession1 ! ,philipp9e ,ar*ipelago1 9 a way1 is also our olde/1 = ! isl&s 7 discov]$ by ,f]d9& ,magellan 9 #aeba1 ab\t tw5ty-n9e ye>s aft] ! great discov]y ( ,columbus4 ,magellan call$ at sev]al isl&s1 among !m ,m9danao & ,cebu4 ,he an*or$ 9 ! h>bor on :i* ! city ( ,cebu n[ /&s4 ,he seems to h be5 treat$ 9 a v fri5dly mann] by ! natives ( ,cebu1 b :5 he cross$ to a ne>-by isl& he 0 attack$ & kill$4 ,! fri5d%ip ( ! ,k+ ( ,cebu 0 n v /eadfa/1 = aft] ,magellan's dea? sev]al ( 8 (fic]s 7 put to dea? by ! k+'s ord]4 ,= two hundr$ & =ty ye>s ! isl&s 7 a possession ( ,spa92 !n !y 7 captur$ by a ,briti% fleet4 ,!y 7 soon re/or$ to ,spa91 h[ev]1 & rema9$ a ,spani% possession until #ahih1 :5 !y 7 c$$ to u aft] ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>4 ,!re are m ?an ?ree ?\s& isl&s 9 ! ar*ipelago1 & !y are ! p>tly cov]$ tops ( a m\nta9\s & rugg$ plateau4 ,_m volcanoes te/ify to ! volcanic orig9 ( ! plateau2 inde$1 ! surface ( ! plateau seems to be a ?9 cru/ ov]--well1 ov] tr\ble2 = ! doz5 or m volcanoes are nev] quiet long en\gh to be =gott54 ,p]haps x 0 prop] to "n ! isl&s aft] ,philip ,,ii ( ,spa91 = he1 too1 _h 8 full measure ( tr\ble4 ,! ar*ipelago is ( pretty good size4 ,! :ole plateau1 l& & wat]1 is ab\t z l>ge z t "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ea/ ( ,*icago2 & ! isl&s !mselves are pretty ne>ly z l>ge z ! ,/ate ( ,texas4 ,luzon1 ! l>ge/ isl&1 is ab\t z l>ge z ,p5nsylvania1 & ,m9danao is a bit small]4 ,!n !re are ,sam>1 ,panay1 ,palawan1 & ,cebu--e "o l>ge en\gh to make a ,/ate ( fair size1 & e "o ) en\gh p to make a ,/ate4 ,!re are ab\t sev5 million p all told1 mo/ ( :om are ( ! ,malay race4 ,z a rule1 !y are pretty well along t[>d civilization2 "s ( !m are educat$4 ,!re are also tribes ( ! black race--,negritos1 !y are call$--:o are j pla9 savages4 ,!y are ! orig9al inhabitants ( ! isl&s1 & x is mo/ likely t !y are ! desc5dants ( p f ,new ,gu9ea4 ,9 ! s\?we/ is ! ,sulu gr\p1 inhabit$ by ,malays1 call$ ,moros4 ,!y are ,muhammadans 9 religion & are ! la/ ( ! ,malays :o came to ! isl&s4 ,( all ! ,malay peoples1 ! ,tagalogs ( ,luzon h be5 ! =emo/ to le>n ! arts ( we/]n civilization4 ,!y h surpass$ _! ne> relatives1 ! ,visayans1 :o live 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! isl&s4 ,p]haps x is ! clos] contact ) ! ,spani% t has giv5 ! ,tagalogs _! great progress4 ,at all ev5ts !y h become well to d & prosp]\s z measur$ by o!r ,malay peoples4 ,! ,moros1 :o live ma9ly 9 ! s\!rn "p1 h sc>cely rea*$ civilization4 ,9 ! ,sulu isl&s !y h _! own gov]nm5t1 at ! head ( :i* is a native sultan4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! isl&s !re are tribes gov]n$ by *iefs call$ dattos4 ,"s ( ! natives are prosp]\s f>m]s1 b _m ( !m are savages4 ,a great deal has be5 said ab\t ! misrule & cruelty ( ! ,spani% gov]nors & (ficials4 ,be+ soldi]s & task-ma/]s x is likely t !y did _m ?+s t w n /& ! se>*light ( civilization4 ,b ! "w ( ! prie/s w always leave a pleasant flavor4 ,= ?ree hundr$ ye>s !y brav$ e dang] & suff]$ e h>d%ip 9 _! "w4 ,= e "o t fell a victim to disease1 or to ! bolo1 !re 0 ano!r ready to fill 8 place4 ,!y n only conv]t$ ! natives to ,*ri/ianity1 b !y also taught !m to be ?rifty f>m]s & prosp]\s bus9ess m54 ,z a result ! ,filip9os are ! only ,asian p ( consid]able numb]s t h yet become ,*ri/ians4 ,illu/ration3 ,! c>abao1 h>ness$ to a dray or wagon1 %uffles along ,:5 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s became a possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "o ( ! fir/ ?+s done 0 to e/abli% sev]al ?\s& s*ools4 ,a ?\s& ,am]ican tea*]s 7 at fir/ employ$4 ,tra9+ s*ools = tea*]s 7 e/abli%$1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s m ?an five ?\s& ,filip9o tea*]s 7 conduct+ native s*ools4 ,engli% is taught 9 all ! s*ools1 & !re are special s*ools 9 :i* agriculture1 me*anical trades1 & comm]ce are taught4 ,!re is good reason = all ?is1 = ! isl&s h wond]ful res\rces4 ,gold1 silv]1 copp]1 & iron are abundant4 ,! =e/s h an abundance ( h>d woods t soon] or lat] w f9d a m>ket bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,! rice-fields w easily produce en\gh gra9 = ! :ole population1 & a consid]able am\nt to sell 9 addition1 :5 all ! rice-l&s are cultivat$4 ,= want ( good wagon roads & railways only a small "p ( ! rice-l&s are cultivat$4 ,!re is an abundance ( good graz+ l& t w produce meat = twice ! pres5t population4 ,mo/ ( ! cattle n[ gr[n 9 ! isl&s are ( ! k9d f\nd 9 ,india4 ,! mo/ common bea/ ( burd51 h[ev]1 is ! c>abao1 or wat]-buffalo4 ,:at an ugly look+ bea/ x is6 ,x is z clumsy z a hippopotamus1 z ugly z a rh9oc]os1 & z k9d & g5tle z an old muley c[4 ,h>ness$ to a dray or a wagon1 x %uffles along1 its big1 flat feet seem+ to walk all ov] ! road4 ,b ^? same big feet are ! animal's *ief /ock 9 trade4 ,!y enable him to walk ?r\gh bo? s& & deep mud--mud s s(t & deep t a horse or a mule w\ld s9k to its body4 ,no?+ b ! c>abao's flatboat-l feet c\ld drag pl\ghs ?r\gh ! s(t mud ( ! rice-fields4 ,c>abaos are easily tra9$ to f>m "w1 & ev5 *ildr5 c drive !m--or ride on _! backs 9 go+ to s*ool4 ,! milk ( a c>abao is z good & :olesome z t ( an ord9>y c[2 ! meat is pretty t\gh1 b x is n un:olesome4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 ! c>abao mu/ h1 & t is a ba? sev]al times a day4 ,depriv$ ( its ba?1 ! animal at fir/ becomes re/less2 !n x breaks away 9 a half-craz$ condition = ! ne>e/ wat]1 :]e x buries itself1 all b its head4 ,native driv]s "k j h[ to manage _! animals & drive !m to ! ne>e/ wat] sev]al times a day4 ,!re are horses 9 ! isl&s1 b n _m4 ,mo/ ( !m are v mu* l ! mu/ang4 ,! ,spani% br\ght ,&alusian ponies to ! isl&s _m ye>s ago1 b !y did n prove v useful4 ,)9 a few ye>s ,am]ican horses 7 introduc$1 b !y c\ld n live on ,philipp9e grasses4 ,mexican mu/angs & ,mongolian ponies 7 mu* bett]1 h[ev]1 b !y are us$ *iefly z rid+ animals4 ,( all ! bea/s ( burd5 9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 none is 9 ! same class ) ,john ,*9aman4 ,ev]y:]e 8 bl& smile is se52 8 pati5ce has no end--&1 app>5tly1 8 "w has none4 ,! ,filip9o f>m] works m]ely to keep body & s\l toge!r2 ,john ,*9aman works to save h>d ca%1 & he saves x4 ,:]ev] !re is any money to be made1 ,john is pretty c]ta9 to be ne> by4 ,he is ! cook & maid-(-all-"w 9 ! h\se ( ! =eign resid5t1 ! /ev$ore on ! dock1 ! cl]k 9 ! =w>d+ h\se1 ! boss 9 ! rice plantation1 ! h&y man 9 ! tobacco factory1 & ! /ore-keep] 9 ! remote ,filip9o village4 ,sixte5 h\rs ( h>d "w e day & ,sunday seem to make him gr[ fat2 ! re/ ( ! "t he j works = fun--& h>d ca%4 ,long be=e ! ,*9ese coolie came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! ,spani% rais$ ! cry ,! ,*9ese mu/ g4 ,! ,spani% made %ort "w ( !m1 kill+ !m by ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,b 9 a ye> or two ,john 0 on h& aga91 smil+ & work+ sixte5 h\rs a day--/rictly = ca%4 ,& he is 9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s to /ay4 ,z a rule ! ,filip9os r>ely live isolat$ z d ! ,am]ican f>m]s4 ,almo/ always !y clu/] 9 villages ( "o or two hundr$ p4 ,! ,filip9o is n likely to cultivate a big f>m4 ,two or ?ree acres w supply ! family ) all ! food requir$1 & ! ,*9ese m]*ant w buy en\gh ( 8 produce to provide a few doll>s 9 ca% & ! clo? = ! family we>+ app>el4 ,9 ! small] villages !re is an op5 place t answ]s = a /reet1 b ! h\ses are apt to be scatt]$ ab\t )\t mu* regul>ity ( arrangem5t4 ,! h\ses1 l ^? ( ! ,pacific isl&s g5]ally1 are built ( bamboo frames--heavy pieces = ! framework itself & wov5 bamboo spl9ts = ! side %ea?+4 ,! ro( is c>efully ?at*$ ) ! leaves ( ! nipa-palm & ^! are sewn into a ?ick mat ) ratan4 ,9 places :]e ! gr\nd is likely to be ov]fl[$1 ea* h\se is set on po/s s t ! floors are sev]al feet f ! gr\nd4 ,9 ?is case ! pig does n live 9 ! p>lor2 ! pigs & *ick5s occupy ! gr\nd floor4 ,all told1 ! ,filip9o village mansion may n be v ornate1 b x is extremely com=table4 ,! l>g] villages & cities are built mu* alike4 ,!re is a plaza or public squ>e4 ,ar\nd ! f\r sides1 & fac+ ! plaza1 are ! *ur*1 gov]nm5t build+s1 & /ores4 ,! m pret5ti\s resid5ces are ne> by4 ,fur!r away ^! give place to ! ,filip9o1 or nipa h\ses1 z !y are call$4 ,! /reet surr\nd+ ! plaza is broad & well kept2 else:]e ! /reets are quagmires 9 ! ra9y1 & du/ holes 9 ! dry season4 ,pretty ne>ly always !re is a ,*9ese qu>t] t is cr[d$ & dirty2 q likely1 too1 ! be/ /ores 9 ! t[n are kept by ,*9ese m]*ants4 ,t is ! way ! ,spani>ds laid out _! cities & t[ns 9 ,spa92 !y did n *ange ! plan 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,! h\ses built = !m 9 ! isl&s are mu* l ^? 9 ,spani% t[ns--adobe walls pla/]$ ) /ucco1 & ro($ ) tiles4 ,illu/ration3 ,! h>bor ( ! city4 ,sc5e on ! ,pasig ,riv]1 ,manila ,manila is ! capital & comm]cial c5tre ( ! isl&s4 ,x is a city ab\t z l>ge z ,seattle1 & is situat$ at ! head ( a l&lock$ body ( wat]1 ,manila ,bay4 ,corregidor ,isl&1 a little d>k-gre5 islet1 gu>ds ! entrance to ! bay2 & "o _c see ! wick$ guns t are ready to p\r a rak+ fire into a ho/ile fleet until "o is )9 a few hundr$ y>ds ( ! isl&4 ,! only ?+ visible at a di/ance is a flag fly+ f a high ma/2 b x is ! ,/>s & ,/ripes t b5ds to ! ea/ w9d4 ,! bay is a good-siz$ bit ( wat]1 too4 ,9 ! middle ( x "o c j b>ely see ! gray1 mi/y hills t surr\nd x4 ,!n ! %ore l9e beg9s to take %ape & ! m\? ( ,pasig ,riv] seems to op5 9 front ( ! incom+ /eam%ip4 ,9 a few m9utes ! h>bor ( ! city is 9 sight4 ,/eam%ips1 ) _! pa9t$ /acks & funnels1 & sail+ vessels1 ) e sort ( ma/ & rigg+1 cr[d ! h>bor4 ,r[-boats by ! hundr$ are mov+ 9 e direction1 & little /eam-laun*es & motor-boats are spitt+ vici\sly z !y g back & =?4 ,! l[] "p ( ! city is almo/ l ,am/]dam2 x is trav]s$ by canals1 great & small1 9 :i* are fi%+-smacks wait+ to h ! cat* tak5 to m>ket4 ,puffy1 :eezy tugs are mak+ fa/ to huge cascoes1 or light]s2 = ! c>goes mu/ be tak5 f ! docks to ! /eam%ips & sail+-vessels out 9 ! h>bor4 ,! ,pasig is only t5 or twelve miles 9 l5g?4 ,x fl[s f a ne>-by lake1 & bo? sides ( ! riv] are l9$ ) villages1 & m>ket-g>d5s1 & duck-hat*]ies4 ,! bus9ess /reets are cr[d$ ) c>ts & drays4 ,"h & !re are sm>t-look+ c>riages c>ry+ well-groom$ m51 :o talk little & look ri*4 ,!re c\ld n be m /yle & c]emony ab\t !m if !y 7 9 ,new ,york1 ,london1 or ,p>is4 ,trim-look+ soldi]s 9 khaki uni=ms1 native ,filip9os 9 :ite suits1 ,*9ese 9 silk g[ns & long sleeves1 native wom5 we>+ r$ skirts & black %awls1 native coolies 9 loose bl\ses & %ort pantaloons--all g to make up ! ?rong ( ! /reets4 ,mo/ ( ! h\ses are two /ories 9 height ) arcades or awn+s t %elt] ! sidewalks4 ,& su* n>r[ sidewalks6--!y are h>dly wide en\gh = m ?an ?ree p to walk abrea/4 ,b ev5 ! bus9ess h\ses are built = com=t4 ,! ro( has a broad ov]hang1 & q likely !re is a cov]$ v]&a4 ,_m ( ! ,filip9os ( ,manila are educat$ & prosp]\s4 ,_! h\ses are said to be furni%$ 9 ,european /yle1 & likewise _! clo?+4 ,sure en\gh ev]y?+ be>s a made 9 ,g]many m>k1 b ev]y?+ looks di/9ctly ,filip9o4 ,! head ( ! family we>s a suit ( spotless :ite duck1 b x has a milit>y cut--& p]haps he goes ab\t ! h\se b>efoot2 if s1 he kn[s :at real com=t is4 ,illu/ration3 ,extract+ indigo 9 ,ilocos ,prov9ce1 ,philipp9e ,isl&s ,"m & daught]s we> skirts ( beautiful brocad$ silk1 v wide & full2 above ! skirt is a loose g>m5t mu* l a %irt-wai/ cut l[ at ! neck1 & ov] ?is a lace cape ) a wide1 fl[+ coll>4 ,possibly !y we> heelless slipp]s1 b j z likely !y1 too1 are b>efoot--:5 no visitors are pres5t4 ,p]haps su* suits are n q s becom+ z ! trim1 tailor-made suits 9 ,new ,york1 b !y are a lot m com=table4 ,a %ort di/ance f ! ,escolta1 or *ief bus9ess /reet1 is "o ( ! _m m>kets ( ,manila4 ,! :ole space is laid (f ) r[s ( bamboo boo?s4 ,pretty ne>ly ev]y?+ to eat1 to we>1 or to furni% ! h\se is on h&--or r 9 loose piles--fi%1 duck's eggs1 meat1 rice1 p9ole1 fruit ( =ty k9ds1 /raw hats1 /raw s&als1 /raw ra9coats1 t9 w>e f ,am]ica1 wood5 w>e f ,holl&1 & clay /oves made 9 ,manila4 ,e alley has its own w>es1 & ,john ,*9aman ) 8 baskets balanc$ on a long pole puts a f9i%+ t\* to ! m>ket4 ,a ,filip9o _c be emphatic 9 an ord9>y tone ( voice4 ,buy] & sell] "w !mselves up to high ,c pit* until x seems z ?\gh no?+ %ort ( a fit w\ld ov]take bo?4 ,b$lam is turn$ loose 9 e "p ( ! m>ket4 ,usually a man & 8 wife are requir$ to conduct ! bus9ess at a boo?4 ,_! b>e feet /ick+ out f ! skirts bob up & d[n1 beat+ "t to ! clatt] ( _! voices4 ,"h comes a man ^: sole /ock 9 trade consi/s ( a s+le article1 namely1 a py?on4 ,8 goods are tw9$ ab\t a pole ) a cross piece = a p]*1 b ! snake's tail has a lov+ twi/ ar\nd ! own]'s neck4 ,:at =8--well1 ! py?on has a sweet too? = rats & mice & ! sweet too? ( ?is p>ticul> snake is on edge = a squ>e meal4 ,ye>s ago =eign %ips br\ght rats f v>i\s c\ntries4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t rats & mice became s num]\s t x became a "q :e!r ,manila %\ld ext]m9ate ! rats or ! rats ext]m9ate ,manila4 ,n[1 ^? same %ips ought to h br\ght "s cats along1 too4 ,b x is j z well t !y did n1 = "o py?on is wor? half a doz5 cats or rat t]ri]s :5 bus9ess is on h&4 ,! only drawback occurs :5 ! py?on insi/s on gett+ into b$ ) 8 own] to keep w>m4 ,:5 9 ,manila1 g to ,duck-t[n by all means4 ,x is only a %ort di/ance f ! ne>-by m>ket4 ,! fe$+ gr\nds & hat*]ies ext5d = two miles along ! riv]4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ducks are re>$ at ! hat*]ies1 "s = eggs1 & o!rs = food4 ,! ducks are f$ on %ell-fi%1 & =eign]s imag9e t bo? ! meat & ! eggs h a fi%y flavor4 ,eggs & edible bird's ne/s are also br\ght f neighbor+ sea-cliffs to ! ,manila m>kets2 & bo? are consid]$ great delicacies4 ,illu/ration3 ,manila hemp z x is br\ght 9 f ! c\ntry ,manila is ! l>ge/ city ( ! ,philipp9es1 b !re are also sev]al o!r cities ( good lu/y gr[?4 ,bauan1 ,lipa1 ,laoag1 & ,batangas--all 9 ,luzon--& ,ilo-ilo 9 ,panay are gr[+ 9 population & bus9ess z ! res\rces ( ! isl&s develop4 ,s9ce ! ,am]ican occupation1 ,uncle ,sam has done a great deal to make ^! ports c5tres ( bus9ess2 h>bors h be5 deep5$2 railways h be5 ext5d$2 good roads h be5 built2 & riv]s h be5 made navigable4 ,!re are sev]al exports t w always t5d to make ! ,philipp9es ri*4 ,tobacco is an important crop & ! ,manila leaf1 z x is call$1 is ( v f9e quality4 ,!re are ^? :o :isp] x ab\t t mu* ( ! leaf is %ipp$ to ,cuba to be made into ,havana cig>s4 ,sug> is also a great export crop1 & :5 ! railways n[ "u way are complet$ sug> w become "o ( ! =emo/ exports4 ,! export ( copra1 or dri$ cocoanut1 is a lead+ indu/ry1 & ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s produce a l>ge "p ( ! _w's product4 ,"o ,philipp9e product1 h[ev]1 connects ! isl&s ) almo/ all ! re/ ( ! _w1 namely1 ,manila hemp4 ,t is1 x is call$ hemp1 b x is n hemp at all2 ! fibre is obta9$ f a plant v closely relat$ to ! banana4 ,:ite leaves or husks gr[ closely ar\nd ! /alk ( ! plant1 =m+ a tightly fitt+ case4 ,?is envelope is compos$ ( ?\s&s ( long1 /rong fibres t1 :5 clean$ & dri$1 are ! hemp t makes ! /ronge/ & be/ rope 9 ! _w4 ,aft] ! pulpy leaves are /ripp$ f ! /alk1 ! pulp is squeez$ out ( !m & ! fibres are left 9 ! sun to dry4 ,! be/ fibre is z s(t & f9e z silk4 ,"s ( x is us$ 9 mak+ a f9e clo?2 ! co>s] fibre is us$ = rope & haws]s4 ,m ?an fifte5 million doll>s wor? ( ,manila hemp is sold ye>ly4 ,9 ! treaty ) ,spa91 by :i* ,uncle ,sam acquir$ ! isl&s1 tw5ty million doll>s 0 paid to ,spa94 ,b ! exports f ! ,philipp9es h av]ag$ ne>ly ?irty million doll>s a ye> ev] s9ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii ,,! ,,dut* ,,ea/ ,,indies--,,java ,! ,ea/ ,india ,isl&s is a "n :i* embraces ne>ly all ! isl&s ( ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 toge!r ) ! ,philipp9es4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! are ,new ,gu9ea1 ,borneo1 ,sumatra1 ,celebes1 & ,java4 ,ne>ly all ( !m1 except ! ,philipp9es & p>ts ( ,new ,gu9ea & ,borneo1 are controll$ by ! ,dut*4 ,^! f]tile isl&s are a s\rce ( great rev5ue to ! ,ne!rl&s2 to ! re/ ( ! _w !y are ! *ief s\rce ( sug>1 spices1 & c(fee4 ,( all ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies1 ,java is by f> ! mo/ beautiful & productive2 x is a g>d5 ( ! *oice/ fruits & fl[]s4 ,!re are two seasons1 a wet & a dry4 ,dur+ ! wet season ! torr5tial ra9s are accompani$ by ?und] & lightn+4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! isl& m ?an a hundr$ ?und]-/orms occur ye>ly4 ,! av]age ra9fall is f sixty to "o hundr$ & eighty-five in*es1 mo/ ( ! ra9 fall+ on ! w9dw>d side4 ,_m ( ! /reams are p]5nial1 & _! wat]s are conduct$ away to be us$ 9 irrigation1 ?us br++ "u cultivation ne>ly e "p ( ! isl&4 ,moreov]1 ! /reams !mselves hold f]tiliz+ mat]ial mu* ( :i* has be5 ?r[n out by volcanoes4 ,! irrigat+ wat] itself furni%es suffici5t enri*m5t = ! soil1 & b v little f]tiliz+ is requir$4 ,! heat1 moi/ure1 & f]tile soil1 c\pl$ ) skilful f>m+1 produce b\ntiful h>ve/s & make ! :ole isl& a smil+ field ( v]dure & pl5ty4 ,! hills & m\nta9s 9 _m places are t]rac$1 s t at a di/ance !y look l gigantic /aircases c>pet$ ) bright gre54 ,s f]tile is ! soil t 9 "s places two or ?ree crops are rais$ ea* ye>4 ,ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! surface is cov]$ ) =e/4 ,among ! mo/ valuable trees is ! teak-wood1 :i* is ext5sively us$ 9 %ip-build+4 ,x is a m durable timb] ?an oak1 s9ce x resi/s decay = a long "t1 ev5 :5 :olly or p>tly subm]g$ 9 sea wat]4 ,!re are vessels afloat to-day :i* 7 built ( teak "o hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,! inhabitants1 ab\t ?irty million 9 numb]1 are ( ! ,malay race & belong to ?ree nations1 speak+ closely relat$ b diff]5t languages--! ,sundanese1 ,javanese1 & ,m&urese4 ,! isl& 0 weal?y1 popul\s1 & _h a high degree ( civilization long be=e x 0 kn[n to ,europeans4 ,long ye>s ago--twelve hundr$ or m--! ,h9doos invad$ ! c\ntry1 & 9 ! fifte5? c5tury ,muhammadans came4 ,!y 7 foll[$ lat] by ! ,dut* :o fir/ ga9$ trad+ concessions & !n gradually got possession ( ! :ole isl&1 mu* 9 ! same way z ,engl& secur$ ,india4 ,ea* conque/ left its impress on ! p2 ! ,muhammadans conv]t$ ! natives to _! religion4 ,buddhism prec$$ ! religion ( ! great prophet1 & "s ( ! tea*+s ( ,buddha h be5 reta9$1 toge!r ) _m pagan cu/oms4 ,! ,dut* wisely made no ef=t to ,*ri/ianize ! natives &1 until rec5tly1 !y h disc\rag$ all su* attempts1 believ+ t !y c\ld control ! p bett] )\t di/urb+ ! prevail+ religi\s conditions4 ,inde$1 !y manage affairs ) ! natives wond]fully well4 ,! isl& is divid$ into resid5ces1 9 ea* ( :i* ! laws are adm9i/]$ by a native gov]nor4 ,a ,dut* resid5t is employ$ by ! colonial gov]nm5t to assi/ ! native gov]nor--really to see t he manages 8 p ju/ly & fairly1 = /rict ju/ice has always be5 obs]v$ 9 deal+s ) ! natives4 ,illu/ration3 ,a breadfruit tree 9 ,java ,! ,dut* resid5ts are call$ eld] bro!rs4 ,ea* resid5t wat*es 8 resid5cy ) great c>e to see t ! taxes are collect$ & paid to ! gov]nm5t1 & t ! natives are treat$ ) ju/ice4 ,he is usually ! judge :o settles all family qu>rels & disputes betwe5 neighbors4 ,he is j 9 8 judgm5ts & 8 decisions are n que/ion$4 ,affairs are manag$ 9 mu* ! same way z ! ,s*ool ,city or ! ,george ,settlem5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,at ! same "t ! ,dut* are v c>eful to impress _! au?ority on ! natives4 ,!y require ! natives to pay great respect to all (fic]s ( ! colony4 ,a native :o comes into ! pres5ce ( an (ficial mu/ h 8 head turban$ & 8 attire 9 prop] =m4 ,"u no circum/ances is he p]mitt$ to smoke1 *ew betel-nut1 or behave c>elessly4 ,! daily "w ( ! natives is v c>efully sup]vis$4 ,!y are taught :]e to plant1 :at to plant1 & h[ to plant _! crops4 ,! eld] bro!rs also see t ! crops are cultivat$ ) c>e & prop]ly h>ve/$4 ,java is rul$ by a ,gov]nor-,g5]al & a c\ncil appo9t$ by himself4 ,! (fic]s are select$ because ( _! fitness1 & mo/ ( ! subord9ates mu/ pass a civil s]vice exam9ation4 ,once 9 ! ,ea/ ,india s]vice an (ficial is fix$ = life1 & :5 he has s]v$ 8 "t he retires on a p5sion4 ,mo/ ( ! p5sion]s pref] to rema9 9 ! isl& ! re/ ( _! lives4 ,! (ficials &1 inde$1 all ,european resid5ts live well4 ,/one h\ses ) m>ble or tile floors1 wide v]&as1 & l>ge g>d5s are ! rule4 ,breakfa/ at "o o'clock is ! sub/antial meal ( ! day4 ,x m>ks n ! beg9n+ b ! end ( ! day's "w4 ,f "o to five ! int5se heat keeps e "o indoors4 ,at five1 (ficial ,java & all o!r ,europeans ba!1 dress1 & get ready = d9n]4 ,aft] d9n]1 driv+1 call+1 & gossip+ at ! clubs is ! prop] ?+1 & n[h]e are p m c]emoni\s4 ,! natives h b little ambition & no desire to d any?+ = !mselves4 ,n[ & !n !re are exceptions1 h[ev]2 & a native may be f\nd pegg+ away at ! /udies t w enable him to pass ! exam9ations & hold an (ficial position4 ,z a :ole1 ! native is g5tle & polite & yields ready ob$i5ce to ^? 9 au?ority4 ,he is fond ( amusem5t1 fea/s1 & gambl+2 he1 moreov]1 celebrates e possible ev5t--8 m>riage1 ! bir? ( 8 *ildr51 ! build+ ( 8 home1 ! rice h>ve/1 a return f a j\rney1 a recov]y f illness1 & ev5 ! fil+ ( 8 tee?4 ,if he1 p]*ance1 has n suffici5t money to hold ! celebration1 he c jo9 ) a neighbor1 !n bo? w %>e mutually ! exp5se4 ,on all occasions 8 deportm5t is quiet1 & :e!r mov$ by joy or ang]1 no l\d language or boi/]\s laught] is ev] he>d4 ,! m>riageable age ( girls is f twelve to f\rte5 ye>s1 & t ( boys sixte54 ,! night prec$+ ! w$d+ mu/ be sp5t by ! c\ple 9 wat*+1 9 ord] to av]t subsequ5t unhapp9ess1 & ! next day !y repair to a mosque & are m>ri$ accord+ to ,muhammadan rites & cu/oms4 ,to symbolize h] total submission to h] husb&1 ! wife wa%es 8 feet4 ,un=tunately1 a divorce c be obta9$ by ! husb& = a trivial cause by ! paym5t ( a small fee4 ,a native1 on be+ ask$ :y he got a divorce f 8 wife1 repli$1 ,%e ate too mu* & ,i c\ld n af=d to keep h]4 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ ! highways are ?rong$ ) p on _! way to & f ! m>kets4 ,& ! m>kets8--well1 "o is c]ta9 to f9d ,john ,*9aman 9 *>ge4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re are m ?an half a million ,*9ese 9 ! isl&1 & !y h ! control ( ! trade ) ! natives4 ,b ! native ,javanese trudges along1 balanc+ two baskets on a long bamboo pole4 ,wom5 & girls help to make up ! ?rong1 & !y1 too1 are lad54 ,at ! m>ket p&emonium seems to be loose1 & bo? buy] & sell] are %riek+ at ! top ( _! voices ov] a b>ga9 price4 ,!re is no "q z to :i* w9s2 ! ,*9ese m]*ant is !re = bus9ess4 ,:5 ! native receives ! pay = 8 produce q z likely z n he makes = ! ne>e/ gambl+-h\se & 9 half an h\r loses ! sav+s ( a mon?4 ,to ! natives ! greate/ t]rors are lightn+ & tig]s1 bo? ( :i* claim hundr$s ( victims ea* ye>4 ,!y (t5 refra9 f kill+ ! tig]s1 s9ce ! tig]s kill ! wild pigs :i* de/roy _! crops4 ,! tig] is kill$ usually by captur+ him 9 a sort ( box-trap1 & !n ! trap is tak5 to ! ne>e/ /ream1 :]e x is subm]g$ & ! animal dr[n$1 to avoid injury to ! sk91 :i* br+s a good price4 ,! claws & :isk]s are c>efully remov$ & sold z feti*es1 s9ce !y are consid]$ to be v efficaci\s4 ,not)/&+ _! h>d lot1 ! p seem happy & !re is no />vation pov]ty4 ,!y & _! ance/ors f "t immemorial h always work$ h>d "u task-ma/]s & !y "k ( no bett] condition4 ,s9ce _! scanty clo?+ co/s b little1 if !y c h en\gh to eat & a little amusem5t occasionally1 !y are cont5t4 ,:5 !y h money !y sp5d x recklessly1 reg>dless ( ! future4 ,if ! ne$s ( ! pres5t are suppli$1 t is suffici5t4 ,:5 mis=tune or disa/] ov]takes !m !y m]ely say3 ,x is ! w ( ,god4 ,! temples built c5turies ago are among ! mo/ wond]ful /ructures 9 ! _w4 ,!y vie 9 size & gr&eur ) ^? ( ,india4 ,?\s&s ( ^! ru9$ temples are f\nd scatt]$ ev]y:]e ov] c5tral & ea/]n ,java1 & _m ( !m are built on ! slopes & summits ( m\nta9s4 ,^! ru9s give evid5ce ( ! wond]ful skill 9 sculpture & build+ atta9$ by ! p 9 by-gone ages1 a skill n excell$ ev5 9 mod]n times1 b lo/ to ! pres5t inhabitants4 ,! ru9s ( ! great temple ( ,boro-,bodor1 situat$ 9 ! s\?-c5tral "p ( ,java1 are among ! l>ge/ & mo/ /rik+ 9 ! _w4 ,?is temple is squ>e & 0 built 9 six t]races or /eps on ! summit ( a hill4 ,! fir/ t]race measures ab\t five hundr$ feet on ea* side1 :ile ea* ( ! five decreases 9 size t[>d ! top4 ,! la/ "o is cr[n$ by a cupola fifty-two feet 9 diamet]1 surr\nd$ by sixte5 small] ones4 ,"h 9 ?is great temple ( ! dead pa/ may be se5 scores ( /atues1 %[+ on _! c\nt5ances ! peace ( ,nirvana4 ,on bo? inside & outside ( ! /ructure are hundr$s ( images ( ,buddha & c>v+s ( sc5es connect$ ) 8 life4 ,x is e/imat$ t all ( ! sculptures occupy an ext5t ( wall at lea/ ?ree miles 9 l5g?4 ,all ! figures are c>v$ f l>ge blocks ( lava4 ,?is wond]ful temple is built ( lava blocks )\t lime or mort>1 ! huge /ones be+ jo9t$ mo/ accurately by t5ons1 mortises1 & dovetails :i* b9d !m solidly toge!r4 ,_m ( ! temples erect$ by ! ,buddhi/s & ,brahmani/s 7 de/roy$ by ! ,moslem invad]s1 & o!rs ab&on$4 ,all ( ^! edifices became1 dur+ ! succe$+ c5turies1 ov]gr[n ) ! luxuriant tropical vegetation & p>tly buri$4 ,"s ( !m1 l t ( ,boro-,bodor1 h be5 uncov]$1 display+ hundr$s ( /atues & long l9es ( bas-relief4 ,java is "o ( ! mo/ productive regions ( ! _w1 o!rwise ?irty millions ( p c\ld n live !re4 ,! great] "p ( ! isl&s consi/s ( gov]nm5t plantations1 b !re are m ?an tw5ty ?\s& private plantations4 ,! ,dut* gov]nm5t has built f9e wagon roads & miles ( railways1 o!rwise ! great crops ( rice1 sug>1 c(fee1 & tea c\ld n be mov$ to ! great trade c5tres & seaports4 ,rice is ! *ief crop1 b s mu* is consum$ t only a little is left = export4 ,! export rice is sold 9 ,borneo4 ,mo/ ( x is gr[n on ! l[ coa/ pla9s1 & ^! are wat]$ by a net-"w ( canals4 ,c(fee is ! crop t has made ,java fam\s1 & ,java c(fee is reg>d$ ! be/ produc$4 ,a few ye>s ago x 0 ! cu/om to sort ! c(fee ) great c>e & !n to /ore x sev]al ye>s 9 ord] to improve ! flavor4 ,! c(fee ?us season$ 0 kn[n z old gov]nm5t c(fee4 ,mu* ( ! crop is n[ gr[n by private own]s & is kn[n z private plantations c(fee4 ,sug> has become ! =emo/ export crop4 ,mo/ ( x goes to ,europe2 a small "p ( x is s5t to ! ref9]ies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! great sug> plantations are likewise on ! l[l&s4 ,mo/ ( ! plantations are own$ by weal?y ,holl&]s1 or by ,dut* companies4 ,! cane gr[s tall] ?an t ( ! ,cuban plantations2 usually x is twice ! height ( ! native labor]s & gr[s s ?ickly z to make ! field l a jungle4 ,x requires a great sum ( money to c>ry on a sug> plantation1 = ?\s&s ( doll>s mu/ be sp5t 9 prep>+ ! l&4 ,b :5 "o sees ! great mills ) _! pond]\s ma*9]y1 ! ?\s&s ( native workm51 & ! tra9 loads ( sug> :i* seem to be swall[$ by ! great /eam%ips1 "o _c help ?9k+ t ! sug>-plant]s make a lot ( money 9 _! bus9ess4 ,_! homes1 _m ( !m1 are beautiful palaces--z co/ly z c be f\nd any:]e 9 ,europe4 ,indigo is ano!r fam\s product ( ,java4 ,! indigo plant w\ld look l a rank bun* ( we$s 7 x n plant$ 9 r[s4 ,! leaves1 :i* conta9 ! color+ matt]1 are pick$ two or ?ree times a ye> & soak$ 9 wat]4 ,:5 !y beg9 to rot1 ! color+ matt] leaves ! plant & mixes ) ! wat]1 f :i* x is aft]w>d sep>at$ by boil+4 ,! color+ matt] itself is call$ indigo2 x is a beautiful blue us$ = dye+ y>ns & clo?4 ,! blue cotton clo? s mu* worn by ! ,dut* peasants is color$ ) indigo1 & bo? ! clo? & ! dye f9d a m>ket 9 pretty ne>ly e c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,c(fee-dry+ 9 ,java ,ye>s ago an ent]pris+ ,dut* botani/ br\ght to ,java "s c9*ona trees f ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! exp]im5t 0 successful & s _m trees 7 aft]w>d plant$ t ,java n[ furni%es ab\t half ! _w's supply ( qu99e1 :i* is extract$ f ! b>k ( ! tree4 ,tobacco is ext5sively gr[n 9 ,java1 b "o does n he> mu* ab\t x1 because a great deal ( x is sold z ,sumatra leaf4 ,tea-gr[+ has become a great indu/ry 9 ,java & ! tea 9 quality is z f9e z t gr[n 9 ,*9a4 ,wom5 & girls are ! pick]s4 ,!y "w ) head & arms b>e1 ea* we>+ a loose g[n resembl+ a ,japanese kimona )\t sleeves4 ,z fa/ z !y are pick$ ! leaves are pil$ on squ>es ( :ite clo?4 ,:5 ! clo? conta9s en\gh to make a bundle ( good size ! pick] c>ries x on h] head to ! factory1 :]e ! leaves are fir/ wilt$1 roll$ into compact =m & !n dri$ on great /one floors t are %ield$ f ! sun4 ,! hundr$s ( pick]s ) _! brightly color$ g[ns & :ite bundles1 =m a wond]ful kaleidoscope picture4 ,9 rec5t ye>s petroleum1 long kn[n to ! natives1 has add$ mu* to ! weal? ( ,java4 ,! ?rifty ,holl&] /udi$ well-drill+ 9 ,p5nsylvania & ,cali=nia2 !n he put 8 tra9+ to "w on ! ,javanese oil-fields4 ,z a result ,java is beg9n+ to supply n only ! ,ea/ ,indies1 b also ,japan ) coal-oil4 ,ye>s ago travell]s us$ to tell m>vell\s /ories ab\t a c]ta9 poison valley ( ,java 9 ! c5tre ( :i* /ood an upas-tree4 ,! tree itself 0 fam$ = ! deadly effects ( its poison\s exhalations1 :i* kill$ man1 bea/1 or bird t came ne> x4 ,^! /ories prov$ to be m]e fabrications4 ,!y grew out ( ! fact t ne> by 0 a valley f :i* arose at times c>bonic-acid gas 9 suffici5t quantity to kill small animals runn+ ov] c]ta9 l[ places4 ,b ! upas play$ no "p1 ?\gh ! juice ( ! tree is poison\s4 ,batavia is ! capital ( ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies4 ,x is on l[1 flat l&1 half a doz5 miles f ! artificial h>bor :i* has n long be5 f9i%$2 = ! old port _h b little protection f /ormy seas & high w9ds4 ,! swampy l& on :i* ! city is built has be5 dra9$ by canals4 ,except+ ! bus9ess /reets1 ! city is almo/ hidd5 by ! g>d5s ) _! pr(usion ( plants4 ,x is ! ,am/]dam ( ! ,old ,_w2 & "o w f9d z good w>es 9 ,batavia z 9 ,holl&4 ,dur+ ! eruption ( ,krakatoa1 ,batavia 0 buri$ deep 9 du/ & ragg$ c9d]s ( lava4 ,m ?an tw5ty ?\s& dead 7 "u ! heaps ( a%4 ,surabaya is l>g] ?an ,batavia & has a population ( m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s&4 ,b ,surabaya has n mu* trade ) ,europe2 its comm]ce is ma9ly ) ! ports ( ,asia4 ,! h>bor is good & x has become ! *ief naval /ation ( ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies4 ,! ,dut* au?orities d n enc\rage visitors to ,java4 ,all visitors mu/ h passports or p]mits2 & if "o goes to ! int]ior1 (ficials "q him at e turn & dem& 8 p]mit at e di/rict4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii ,,! ,,dut* ,,ea/ ,,indies--,,sumatra ,,& ,,celebes ,two l(ty m\nta9 ranges ) a deep valley betwe5 !m lie at ! ea/]n side ( ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,! ,malay ,p59sula is "o range2 ! isl& ( ,sumatra is ! o!r4 ,! floor ( ! valley betwe5 !m is cov]$ by ! sea & =ms ! ,/rait ( ,malacca4 ,z isl&s g1 ,sumatra is ( goodly size--l>g] ?an ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates toge!r4 ,f end to end its l5g? is ab\t ! di/ance betwe5 ,bo/on & ,*icago4 ,gre5l&1 ,borneo1 ,new ,gu9ea1 & ,madagasc> are ea* l>g]4 ,! equator crosses ,sumatra at its c5tral "p4 ,sumatra is also a possession ( ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies1 b x is n v important z comp>$ ) ,java4 ,al?\gh x is ?ree times z l>ge z ,java1 x has sc>cely "o-t5? ! population4 ,!re is a pretty good reason = ?is4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! m\nta9\s region is v rugg$ & mu* ( x is cov]$ ) jungle2 !re=e1 x is nei!r habitable nor productive = mank9d4 ,9 ! second place1 ! broad pla9 on ! ea/ side ( ! isl& is n well adapt$ to cultivation2 x is cut by deep riv] valleys 9 ! high] p>ts1 swampy 9 ! middle "p1 & cov]$ ) wat] next ! coa/ dur+ a "p ( ! ye>4 ,r s+ul>ly ! lakes--& !re are _m--are n 9 ! l[1 swampy l&s2 mo/ ( !m are high 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,:at is /ill m s+ul>1 ^! lakes are ! crat]s ( inactive volcanoes4 ,b ,sumatra1 l ,java1 has _m active volcanoes4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,dempo1 is almo/ con/antly active4 ,e n[ & !n x dis*>ges great quantities ( sulphur gases2 ^! are caught by ! ra9 &1 fall+ on ! cultivat$ l&s1 kill pretty ne>ly ev]y?+ t\*$4 ,9 ! jungles nature has be5 v lavi% ) life4 ,! =e/s conta9 m ?an f\r hundr$ k9ds ( trees--among !m teak1 ebony1 camphor1 & ev5 good p9e4 ,sumatra is also ! home ( sev]al trees & plants f :i* gutta-p]*a is obta9$4 ,railroads to connect ! =e/ belts to ! coa/ are ! "o ?+ ne$$ to make ,sumatra a lumb]-produc+ c\ntry4 ,= "s reason or o!r _m ( ! wild animals t cross$ ! %all[ wat] betwe5 ! ,malay ,p59sula & ,sumatra did n cross ! ,sunda ,/rait to ,java4 ,!re are _m m k9ds ( animals 9 ,sumatra ?an 9 ,java2 inde$1 ne>ly all ! l>g] species ( wild animals ( s\!rn ,asia are f\nd 9 ,sumatra1 & only a few are 9 ,java4 ,!re are _m elephants 9 ! upl&s2 ! rh9oc]os lives 9 ! l[l&s2 ! tig] lives 9 ! jungle1 z 9 ,india4 ,! fly+ fox is "o ( ! curiosities ( ,sumatra4 ,s mu* = a "n1 h[ev]1 = ! animal is n a fox b a v l>ge bat4 ,its w+s are membranes t connect ! limbs correspond+ to "o's f+]s4 ,l o!r bats1 x hangs f ! limb ( a tree1 head d[n1 9 ! daytime1 & goes to bus9ess at night4 ,its body is n mu* l>g] ?an t ( a h>e1 b :5 9 flight x is f\r or five feet f tip to tip4 ,illu/ration3 ,natives 9 ! jungle1 ,sumatra ,! fly+ cat is likewise a misnam$ animal t be>s no relation%ip to pussy1 b is a k9d ( lemur4 ,! wild dog1 h[ev]1 is v mu* dog & nuisance at ! same "t--z mu* ( a nuisance z ! coyote ( ! we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 & f> m num]\s4 ,! c(fee rat is likewise a great nuisance :]ev] f\nd2 un=tunately x is f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e4 ,monkeys are also num]\s4 ,! natives ( ,sumatra1 l ^? ( ,java1 are ,malays4 ,unlike !m1 h[ev]1 !y are difficult to gov]n2 "s ( ! int]ior tribes are fi]ce & w>like4 ,ne> ! coa/1 & 9 places controll$ by ! ,dut*1 ! native rul] is subject to an eld] bro!r or ,dut* commission]4 ,mo/ ( ! tribes ( ! int]ior are ,muhammadans2 !y believe t !y w be bless$ if !y are kill$ 9 w>1 &1 !re=e1 !y take e opportunity to make w>4 ,! natives ( ,a*e51 a prov9ce 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! isl&1 h always giv5 ! ,dut* a great deal ( tr\ble1 & !y are n fully conqu]$1 ev5 aft] a hundr$ ye>s ( w>f>e4 ,"o ( ! int]ior tribes1 x is ?\ght1 came f ,india sev]al hundr$ ye>s ago1 = _! religion & cu/oms are mu* ! same z ^? ( ! ,h9dus4 ,al?\gh !y are surr\nd$ by savage tribes1 & f> remov$ f ! civilization1 bo? ( ,india & ,europe1 !y h rea*$ a rem>kable condition ( civilization ( _! own4 ,!y are excell5t f>m]s & /ockm52 !y also make fire>ms1 clo?1 & jewelry :i* !y sell to ! ,malay peoples ab\t !m4 ,?r\gh\t ! isl& ! h\ses are mu* l ^? ( ,malay peoples else:]e1 ) timb] frames & ?at*$ ro(s4 ,z 9 ! o!r isl&s1 !y are set on po/s :]ev] floods are likely to occur4 ,! l>g] timb]s ( _m h\ses are beautifully c>v$1 al?\gh _m ( ! designs are grotesque & ev5 hide\s4 ,all ! h\ses are clu/]$ 9 villages4 ,?is is done p>tly = protection aga9/ man-eat+ tig]s1 & p>tly because ! p are incl9$ to social life4 ,! club-h\se is usually to be f\nd 9 ! villages4 ,x is ! t[n hall1 baza>1 m>ket1 l\ng+ place1 & social club comb9$4 ,p]haps a w$d+ & a fun]al may be go+ on !re at ! same "t4 ,m5 gamble1 & wom5 gossip & *ew betel-nut2 ! p$dl] likewise %[s 8 b>ga9-c\nt] w>es at ! club-h\se4 ,! great plantations ( sug>1 c(fee1 & tobacco are manag$ mu* ! same z 9 ,java4 ,! rice-fields are cultivat$ usually by ! ,*9ese1 & !y h mu* ( ! trade 9 ! rice4 ,sumatra is fam\s = its tobacco4 ,! plants gr[ l>g] & high] ?an ^? cultivat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! leaves are l>ge & ! be/ ( !m are us$ z wrapp]s1 or out] cov]+s = f9e cig>s4 ,sumatra leaf comm&s a high price1 & a consid]able am\nt ( ! be/ tobacco is %ipp$ to ,cuba & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! c(fee crop is also ( excell5t quality4 ,"s ( x rea*es ! m>ket z ,java c(fee2 &1 inde$1 x is equal to ! be/ c(fee gr[n 9 ,java4 ,! beans are l>ge1 light 9 color1 & ( f9e flavor4 ,c>efully sort$ ,palembang c(fee comm&s a high price4 ,sumatra is fam\s = its pepp]1 & n f> f "o-half ! _w's product ( pepp] comes f ?is isl&4 ,! plant produc+ pepp] is n ! pepp]-tree s commonly gr[n = its beautiful foliage & bright r$ b]ries 9 ,cali=nia & ,mexico2 x is a v9e or climb+ bu%4 ,x is commonly plant$ ne> to a sapl+1 ar\nd :i* x tw9es2 b 9 _m plantations ! plants are prun$ & trimm$ s t !y gr[ unsupport$4 ,! pepp] ( comm]ce consi/s ( ! dri$ b]ries or fruit ( ! v9e4 ,x is ! cu/om to pick ! b]ries z !y turn r$4 ,! b]ries %rivel & turn black z !y dry4 ,^!1 :5 gr\nd1 are ! black pepp] ( comm]ce4 ,:5 fully ripe ! color ( ! b]ry turns to a pale yell[ & ! out] sk9 is easily remov$4 ,! husk$ b]ries are us$ = mak+ ! :ite pepp] ( comm]ce4 ,sago is also an important product ( ,sumatra4 ,x is ! />*y pi? ( a k9d ( palm-tree--! sago-palm4 ,! pi? is dri$1 gr\nd to a p[d] & wa%$ 9 ord] to remove ! /r+y fibre4 ,9 ! process ( wa%+1 ! />*y granules s9k to ! bottom1 :ile ! woody fibre floats (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,a jungle1 sc5e 9 ,sumatra ,!re are sev]al l>ge t[ns 9 ,sumatra--,siboga1 ,padang1 ,b5kul51 ,telok ,belong1 & ,palembang--b _! names are r>ely se5 9 pr9t or spok54 ,! reason is n h>d to f9d2 ,s+apore1 j across ! ,/rait ( ,malacca1 is a free port1 ) a f9e h>bor4 ,vessels f e "p ( ! _w call at ,s+apore1 & x is mu* m conv5i5t to h ! ,sumatra products m>ket$ !re ?an to s5d !m f ,sumatra ports4 ,a few miles to ! ea/ ( ,sumatra are ! isl&s ( ,banka & ,billiton1 fam\s = _! t9 m9es4 ,^! m9es produce ab\t two-?irds ! _w's supply ( t94 ,x is int]e/+ to "k t ! silv]-:ite metal1 ) :i* s _m ( our kit*5 ut5sils are coat$1 has travell$ m ?an half-way ar\nd ! _w to be us$1 b ?is is probably ! case4 ,sunda ,/rait sep>ates ,sumatra f ,java4 ,9 ?is n>r[ /rait is situat$ ! isl& ( ,krakatoa1 rem>kable = "o ( ! mo/ de/ructive volcanic eruptions t h ev] occurr$4 ,! great eruption 0 prec$$ by l[ rumbl+s & slight explosions = ?ree mon?s be=e ! volcano bur/ out 9 all its fury1 on ! night ( ,augu/ #bf1 #ahhc4 ,! explosions 7 he>d at a di/ance ( _m hundr$ miles & ov] an area equal to "o-?irte5? ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,! entire s\!rn "p ( ! isl& 0 bl[n away & ! e>? 0 %ak5 = ?\s&s ( miles1 ! %ock be+ record$ z f> z ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! upheaval caus$ a tidal wave "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet high :i*1 ) ! lava clots & a% eject$1 de/roy$ all ( ! t[ns & plantations bord]+ on bo? sides ( ! /raits4 ,9 ?is disa/] m ?an =ty ?\s& p]sons p]i%$ & e ve/ige ( animal & vegetable life 9 ! surr\nd+ region disappe>$4 ,! only p]son left to look out ^u ! sc5e ( de/ruction 0 ! keep] ( ! light-h\se1 a /ructure "o hundr$ & ?irty feet high1 ^: light ! gigantic waves m]ely succe$$ 9 ext+ui%+4 ,a cubic mile ( mat]ial is said to h be5 ?r[n out 9 ! =m ( lapilli & du/ by ! successive explosions4 ,! du/1 e/imat$ to h rea*$ ! height ( sev]al miles1 0 dissem9at$ by ! upp] curr5ts ( air & caus$ ! brilliant sunsets se5 = mon?s 9 ne>ly e "p ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,celebes is ! mo/ curi\sly %ap$ isl& 9 ! _w4 ,x has a c5tral body f :i* project f\r l>ge arms1 mak+ x look l a huge />fi%4 ,^! radiat+ p59sulas are m\nta9 ranges1 "h & !re peak$ ) volcano c9d] cones4 ,!re are no l[-ly+ m>%es2 ! position & high surface r5d] ?is "o ( ! heal?ie/ isl&s 9 ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago4 ,! ,dut* h _h settlem5ts "h = m ?an two c5turies2 & _! wise & j treatm5t ( ! natives has made ! isl& fam\s = peace & prosp]ity4 ,except a few tribes ( ! int]ior1 all ! isl&]s are at lea/ p>tly civiliz$4 ,! natives :o live 9 ! coa/ regions are intellig5t & indu/ri\s4 ,paganism & corrupt$ ,muhammadanism are ! prevail+ religions1 b ,*ri/ianity has secur$ a firm hold 9 a few places4 ,a writt5 language & lit]ature h prevail$ = c5turies4 ,all able-bodi$ m5 are compell$ to "w & ea* ye> to give a few days' labor to keep ! excell5t roads 9 good repair2 b !y reap ! rew>d ( _! indu/ry & are happy & cont5t$4 ,! be/ c(fee l& 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies is to be f\nd on ?is isl&4 ,! mo/ favorable soil = c(fee is ! ri*1 black volcanic a% t cov]s ! m\nta9 slopes 9 _m p>ts ( nor? ,celebes4 ,! ,m5ado c(fee is said to be ! f9e/ ! _w produces4 ,! c(fee-trees are all[$ to gr[ to ! height ( six feet1 :5 ! tops are cut (f1 s z to /r5g!n ! gr[? ( ! lat]al bran*es :i* be> ! fruit4 ,besides a fungus disease1 c(fee has _m o!r enemies4 ,bo? rats & mice are fond ( ! juicy /alks ( ! b]ries :5 !y are ne>ly ripe1 & !y nibble at !m until ! b]ries fall4 ,! long-hair$ black rat is ! greate/ ( ^! pe/s4 ,cats are kept on ea* plantation to prey ^u ! animal pe/s2 b1 un=tunately1 ! natives are v fond ( cats--n z pets1 b z articles ( food4 ,?is fel9e appetite on ! "p ( ! workm5 causes ! own] to keep a vigilant wat* ov] 8 cat family1 & to sev]ely puni% any (f5d]4 ,p]haps 9 "t !y w le>n to employ ! py?on z a rat-cat*]1 = ! py?on is n surpass$ = ?is purpose4 ,! =e/ trees are mu* l ^? ( ! adjac5t isl&s4 ,!re are no v l>ge animals1 ^? peculi> to ,celebes be+ ! tailless baboon & ! pig-de]1 :i* has tusks & curv+ horns4 ,p>ts ( ! int]ior ( ,celebes /ill rema9 unexplor$ & are said to be inhabit$ by cannibals & head-hunt]s4 ,macass> is ! capital & *ief city4 ,x is situat$ 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! s\?we/]n p59sula1 & 9 comm]ce ranks next to ! l>ge/ cities ( ,java4 ,its trade totals upw>d ( ?ree million doll>s annually4 ,! pr9cipal exports ( ! isl& are c(fee1 rice1 nutmegs1 cloves1 damm]1 copal1 rattan1 copra1 tobacco1 trepang1 & tortoise-%ell2 c(fee greatly outrank+ all ! o!r products4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv ,,borneo ,,& ,,papua ,hot1 damp1 & swampy along ! coa/ l[l&s2 rugg$ & fairly pleasant 9 ! high plateau l&s--t is ,borneo1 an isl& z l>ge z ! ,/ate ( ,texas4 ,borneo has a great future1 h[ev]1 :5 a race ( civiliz$ p c be f\nd :o c inhabit x1 = x is ev5 m unheal?ful ?an ,sumatra4 ,b ! weal? is !re--diamonds t are r poor 9 color1 gold1 copp]1 iron1 coal1 & petroleum4 ,t is a good li/1 & x rema9s only to f9d a p :o c live !re & make ! great weal? ( ! isl& available to ! _w4 ,p]haps x may be ! ,japanese--less likely ! ,*9ese1 = !y are cont5t to trade ) ! natives4 ,possibly x may be ! ,filip9os--= "s ( ! ,filip9os1 especially ! ,moros1 are ! desc5dants ( ,borneo peoples4 ,safe x is to say t ! native tribes w n accompli% ?is result1 = !y are among ! mo/ debas$ & disgu/+ savages on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,_m ( ^! tribes are ,malays gov]n$ by *iefs1 or dattoes4 ,"s ( ! tribes ne> ! coa/ c>ry on a crude sort ( f>m+1 :i* is enc\rag$ by ! ,*9ese m]*ants :o buy _! produce4 ,"s ( ! int]ior tribes j live1 be+ bo? lazy & vici\s4 ,= food1 !re is an abundance ( bananas & meat4 ,z to ! meat1 x makes little or no diff]5ce ab\t ! k9d2 any animal ^: fle% has become putrid is reli%$4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ natives ( ,borneo1 h[ev]1 are ! ,dyaks1 ! p f :om ! ,moros ( ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s are desc5d$4 ,!y are p]haps ! mo/ intellig5t1 b c]ta9ly ! mo/ tr\blesome peoples4 ,!y are be/ kn[n z ! head-hunt]s ( ,borneo4 ,among !mselves1 ! "o :o has kill$ ! greate/ numb] ( p is ! greate/ man ( ! tribe1 & ! heads ( 8 victims are ! te/imony to 8 greatness4 ,s ! head-hunt]s kill j = ! pleasure ( kill+1 & ! heads ( _! victims are kept z trophies4 ,n all ,dyak tribes are head-hunt]s1 h[ev]4 ,:5 !y are n (f on head-hunt+ exp$itions1 ! ,dyaks are v indu/ri\s f>m]s4 ,!y are fond ( ornam5ts4 ,! m5 ( "s ( ! tribes we> ri*ly embroid]$ jackets2 ! wom5 may we> wai/s made ( f9e rattan /rung ) metal beads & ornam5ts4 ,!y may ev5 we> cr[ns ( burni%$ metal2 at all ev5ts1 !y are c]ta9 to we> e>r+s ( a/oni%+ size--p]haps ?ree or f\r in*es across & made ( solid brass4 ,to hold ^! pieces ( native jewelry ! lobes ( ! e>s1 aft] !y h be5 pi]c$1 are /ret*$ until !y =m loops two in*es or m 9 l5g?4 ,! m5 also are fond ( e>r+s & simil> ornam5ts1 b a real ,dyak swell does n consid] himself prop]ly 9 /yle until 8 front tee? are fil$ away s t !y are not*$ & %ut toge!r l ! tee? ( a /eel trap4 ,moreov]1 he _c hope to obta9 a wife unless he has at lea/ "o head z a trophy4 ,9 hunt+1 ! ,dyak (t5 makes use ( ! bl[-gun4 ,?is weapon1 = %ort di/ances1 is ab\t z sure & true z a rifle4 ,x is a wood5 tube f\r or five feet 9 l5g?1 ! bore ( :i* is made v /raight & smoo?4 ,! arr[1 or d>t1 fits ! bore ( ! tube4 ,to make sure ( ! game ! tip ( ! d>t is dipp$ 9 a mo/ deadly poison2 s t1 if x m]ely breaks ! sk9 ( ! animal at :i* x is %ot1 x makes a w\nd t is quickly fatal4 ,unlike mo/ ( ! natives ( ! tropical ,indies1 in/ead ( liv+ 9 villages1 ! ,dyaks frequ5tly live 9 communal h\ses4 ,sometimes tw5ty or m families live 9 ! same h\se1 :i* is n unlike ! communal h\ses ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 except t x is surr\nd$ by a broad v]&a4 ,hunt+ honey 9 ! =e/s is "o ( ! native sports4 ,! =e/s ( c]ta9 p>ts ( ,borneo seem to be alive ) wild bees4 ,z a result1 honey & wax are v abundant4 ,! honey-be> gets a good %>e ( ! wild honey1 = 8 %aggy hide is pro( aga9/ ! /+s ( ! bees4 ,! ,dyak hunt] has no %aggy coat+ to protect him2 s he goes ab\t robb+ ! bees 9 a m sci5tific mann]4 ,! bees seem to pref] ! m5galis tree1 :i* has s _m angles & holl[ places ab\t its trunk t to build ! comb is an easy matt]4 ,n infrequ5tly !re may be fifty or m sw>ms 9 a s+le tree4 ,:5 a bee-tree is to be robb$1 great piles ( a c]ta9 plant or we$ are collect$ & put 9 su* a position t ! smoke w be c>ri$ aga9/ ! ne/+-places ( ! sw>ms4 ,! piles are !n fir$4 ,! smoke nei!r kills ! bees nor does x drive !m (f2 x m]ely /upefies !m4 ,:5 ! humm+ ( ! bees is hu%$1 comb & honey are easily remov$4 ,a consid]able "p ( ! wax is export$1 b ?\s&s ( tons are wa/$4 ,hunt+ 9 ! =e/s ( ,borneo has its unpleasant features1 = ! lee*es are almo/ z num]\s z ! leaves ( ! trees4 ,!y are big1 fat1 ugly-look+ slugs1 b !y c /ret* _! bodies into a small1 ?9 =m4 ,:5 wait+ = a victim !y l5g!n & sway _! ?readlike bodies to & fro1 ready to laun* out at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,s g5tly d !y comm5ce _! "w t ! prick+ s5sation is felt only :5 !y are gorg$ ) blood & beg9 to loos5 _! hold4 ,! ga!r+ ( edible birds' ne/s1 built by a k9d ( swall[1 is q an indu/ry1 & is conf9$ to ! rocky-cliff sections ( c]ta9 p>ts ( ! coa/ :]e cov] ab\nds4 ,?is species ( swall[ is small] ?an ! common swall[ & builds its ne/ ei!r 9 ! d>k lime/one cav]ns or 9 ! crevices & nooks ( ! ov]hang+ cliffs4 ,! *ief mat]ial us$ 9 con/ruct+ ! ne/ is a glut9\s saliva produc$ by ! bird itself4 ,! ,*9ese are v fond ( ! ne/s1 & ,*9ese m]*ants buy mo/ ( !m4 ,! ro(s ( "s ( ! caves frequ5t$ by ^! swall[s are sev]al hundr$ feet above _! floors1 & to rea* ! ne/s1 scatt]$ ov] ! curv$ ro(s & sides1 x is necess>y to con/ruct ladd]s & /ages4 ,^! are made out ( rattan & bamboo & are fa/5$ by pegs driv5 into ! lime/one walls4 ,crawl+ up on ^! sl5d] supports ) a c&le & =k$ bamboo pole1 ! native proce$s to deta* ! ne/s1 :i* he passes to a companion bel[4 ,:5 ! ne/s are built 9 caves & crevices1 ne> ! top ( cliffs1 a sw++ ladd] is dropp$ f above4 ,!re are two k9ds ( ne/s1 ! cle> yell[i%-:ite ones1 & ! d>k ones4 ,! =m] br+ a price z high z twelve doll>s p] p\nd2 ! latt] only "o-t5? z mu*4 ,! be/ ne/s are f\nd 9 ! d>ke/ caves4 ,bird-ne/ ga!r+ is a p]il\s call+1 & s]i\s accid5ts are n infrequ5t4 ,! ne/s are ga!r$ two or ?ree times a ye>4 ,! nor!rn "p ( ,borneo is ,briti% t]ritory1 & ! ,briti% also control ! ,/ates ( ,s>awak & ,brunei2 ! re/ ( ! isl& is a "p ( ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies4 ,! ,briti% are m int]e/$ 9 ! m9]als & jungle produce1 su* z gutta-p]*a1 rattan1 rubb]1 & birds' ne/s1 ?an 9 ! cultivation ( plantations4 ,! ,dut*1 on ! o!r h&1 are try+ to e/abli% ! great plantations !re t h made ,java fam\s4 ,already ^! are produc+ great quantities ( sago1 tobacco1 & sug>4 ,!re are no l>ge cities & only a few ports ) good h>bors1 b ,g]man /eam%ips make ! r\nds ( ! ports & c>ry ! produce to ,s+apore1 ! cle>+-h\se ( ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,sc>cely "o hundr$ & fifty miles nor? ( ,au/ralia lies ,papua1 or ,new ,gu9ea4 ,next to ,gre5l& x is ! l>ge/ isl& 9 ! _w1 & 9 _m ways x is ! _w's wond]l&4 ,x 0 "o ( ! fir/ l>ge bodies ( l& discov]$ aft] ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 & "o ( ! la/ to be settl$ by ,europeans4 ,mo/ likely dry l& at "o "t connect$ ,au/ralia & ,new ,gu9ea1 = ! animal & plant life ( ! two are mu* ! same4 ,ev5 ! ,great ,b>ri] ,reef t skirts ! ea/ coa/ ( ,au/ralia ext5ds "p-way ar\nd ,new ,gu9ea4 ,( all ! isl&s s\!a/ ( ,asia1 ,new ,gu9ea is ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,x is ri* beyond measure ) ?+s useful & beautiful4 ,sug>-cane gr[s wild f sea to m\nta92 wild oranges1 lemons1 & limes c be _h = ! pick+2 & l& adapt$ = gr[+ rice1 c(fee1 tobacco1 rubb]1 cocoanuts1 & c9*ona is pl5tiful4 ,!re are m\nta9 summits clad 9 ev]la/+ sn[1 heal?ful plateaus ab\nd+ 9 delightful sc5]y1 & dank coa/ pla9s 9 :i* lurks ! deadly jungle fev]4 ,d5se =e/s cov] mo/ ( ! isl&1 b ! =e/ trees ( ! ,ea/ ,indies are n to be f\nd except "h & !re 9 ! nor?we/ neck ( ! isl&4 ,! fam\s eucalyptus ab\nds 9 ! l[l& regions2 s also does ! nipa-palm4 ,p9es1 mu* l ! kauri p9e ( ,new ,zeal&1 gr[ 9 ! high plateaus4 ,mo/ s+ul> ( all1 9 ! high m\nta9 regions "o may f9d ! alp9e plants ( ,europe1 ,new ,zeal&1 ! ,ant>ctic isl&s1 & ! ,&9e heights ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,/ill ano!r /range feature is to be f\nd3 :ile ! =e/ trees are ,au/ralian k9ds1 ! plants t make ! =e/s a ?icket are ! rattans & o!r jungle plants ( ,india6 ,new ,gu9ea is not$ = birds ( beautiful plumage1 especially birds ( p>adise1 ( :i* !re are _m k9ds4 ,among ! insects is "o commonly kn[n z ! pray+ mantis4 ,x is relat$ to ! gras%opp] & is f\nd also 9 _m o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,9 ,new ,gu9ea ! pray+ mantis is ?ree or f\r in*es long & at fir/ sight seems to be no?+ b a brok5 twig4 ,9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w x is kn[n z prea*]1 nun1 soo?say]1 & sa9t4 ,x has receiv$ its "n f ! fact t x re/s 9 a sort ( kneel+ position1 hold+ its =elegs 9 a devotional attitude4 ,its "*1 h[ev]1 is any?+ b sa9tly2 x is a mo/ vici\s wret* t may well be call$ ! tig] ( ! insect _w4 ,! devotional attitude is ! position 9 :i* x c be/ seize its insect prey2 = :5 an unsuspect+ insect lights on :at seems to be a gre5 twig1 snap6--^? blade-l =elegs arm$ ) %>p spikes come toge!r l scissors1 & ! unlucky victim is cut to pieces 9 an in/ant4 ,john ,*9aman has discov]$ a use = ! pray+ mantis--a v practical use1 too4 ,john & 8 ne>-by fri5ds capture a lot ( ! insects1 c>ry !m to a conv5i5t bungal[1 turn !m loose 9 a cockpit1 & bet on ! survivor4 ,:5 ! insects are turn$ loose !re is bus9ess on h&1 = !y g to "w at once1 cutt+ "o ano!r to pieces by ! mo/ approv$ me?ods ( surgical amputation4 ,! own] ( ! survivor w9s4 ,! native ,papuans mu* resemble ! bu%rang]s ( ,au/ralia2 !y are ,negritos1 ) black sk9s & woolly hair4 ,!re are a few tribes ( natives t mu* resemble ! peoples ( ,samoa & ,hawaii2 !re are also o!r tribes t resemble ! ,malays ( s\!a/]n ,asia4 ,! ,papuan tribes ( ! coa/ are ab\t z degrad$ z ! bu%rang]s ( ,au/ralia4 ,"s ( ! tribes are cannibals :o h a fondness = sailors t h be5 wreck$ on ! %ores ( ,new ,gu9ea4 ,!y are nei!r bett] nor worse ?an mo/ ( ! o!r tribes ( isl&]s4 ,l o!r isl&]s1 too1 !y are tractable & easily gov]n$ by ! ,europeans :o treat !m dec5tly4 ,n v mu* is kn[n ab\t ! tribes 9 ! int]ior1 except t "s ( !m h nei!r h\ses nor clo?+4 ,!y live 9 ! trees1 & we> no clo?+4 ,!y are h>dly bett] (f ?an ! troops ( monkeys1 b unlike !m eat raw fle% in/ead ( fruit & nuts4 ,mission>ies h e/abli%$ s*ools along ! coa/ settlem5ts1 & ! native *ildr5 tra9$ 9 ^! s*ools make amaz+ progress4 ,!y le>n to read & write quickly1 are neat 9 dress1 & polite 9 mann]s4 ,_m ( ! boys :o att5d ! mission s*ools are tra9$ to skill$ labor on ! plantations2 "s g to ! int]ior z mission>y tea*]s4 ,a few ( ! ,papuan tribes h rea*$ a condition ( b>b>ism mu* l t ( ! ,iroquois ,indians 9 ,new ,york :5 ! :ite m5 f\nd !m4 ,!y live 9 h\ses1 "s ( !m f\r or five hundr$ feet 9 l5g?4 ,p]haps ?irty or =ty families may occupy a s+le h\se4 ,! h\ses are divid$ into ap>tm5ts1 ea* family liv+ sep>ately4 ,9 "s ( ! tribes ! m5 live 9 a communal h\se by !mselves4 ,! wom5 live 9 small huts1 two or ?ree toge!r4 ,!y cook ! food1 :i* !y c>ry to ! communal h\se2 !y also d all ! "w requir$ 9 cultivat+ ! g>d5s ( yams1 bananas1 & vegetables4 ,w>1 hunt+1 & fi%+ are ! only pursuits ( ! m54 ,?ree nations1 ,holl&1 ,great ,brita91 & ,g]many1 h divid$ ,new ,gu9ea among !m4 ,! ,dut* h ! ea/]n half ( ! isl&4 ,! ,briti% & ,g]mans possess ea* ab\t "o-qu>t]1 ,briti% ,new ,gu9ea be+ situat$ opposite to ,que5sl&1 ,au/ralia4 ,! ,briti% own ! ,solomon ,isl&s to ! ea/w>d ( ,new ,gu9ea1 also4 ,! ,dut* are lay+ out plantations & tea*+ ! natives to "w !m 9 ! same way t !y are manag$ 9 ,java4 ,! ,briti% are busy explor+ ! int]ior1 look+ especially to ! ri* m9es 9 _! possession4 ,!y h also e/abli%$ a consid]able trade 9 copra1 sago1 pe>l %ell1 & cocoa-fibre mats4 ,!y are plant+ rubb]-trees1 = !re is no bett] l& 9 ! _w = rubb]4 ,!y h "o great advantage1 namely1 ! ,fly ,riv]1 :i* is navigable six hundr$ miles f its m\?1 & op5s a trad+ r\te f> into ! int]ior4 ,port ,moresby is ! trade c5tre ( ,briti% ,new ,gu9ea4 ,! ,g]mans make _! %>e ( ! isl& pay exp5ses by tax+ & lic5s+ ! trad]s :o g !re to d bus9ess1 & !y manage to get a consid]able pr(it out ( x4 ,:5 !y f9d t a trad+ company is mak+ too mu* money !y buy ! company out & c>ry on ! bus9ess !mselves2 & ?is is pr(itable1 too4 ,al?\gh less is kn[n ab\t ,new ,gu9ea ?an almo/ any o!r "p ( ! e>?1 en\gh is kn[n to make x c]ta9 t x is "o ( ! mo/ desirable bodies ( l& 9 ! _w4