,illu/ration3 ,! ,toad may be r\gh &    
w>ty 9 appe>ance b wor? its weight 9    
gold z a de/roy] ( insect pe/s4 ,note ! 
expression ( satisfaction aft] a        
successful night ( =ag+ = cutworms &    
,june-beetles4                          
,,an ,,elem5t>y                         
,,/udy ,,(                              
,,insects                               
,by                       ,,leon>d      
,,haseman   ,pr(essor ( ,entomology 9 ! 
,univ]sity ( ,miss\ri                   
,columbia1 ,miss\ri                     
,,miss\ri ,,book ,,company              
#aibc     ,,cont5ts4    ,,introduction  
,,*apt] ,i ,,insects3      7#a7 ,:at !y 
are4      7#b7 ,_! pr9cipal *>act]i/ics4
      7#c7 ,_! me?ods ( develop+4       
7#d7 ,! pr9cipal ord]s4      7#e7 ,_!   
habits4      7#f7 ,_! role 9            
agriculture4   ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,collect+  
,,insects3      7#a7 ,directions =      
collect+4      7#b7 ,p9n+ & pres]v+ a   
collection4      7#c7 ,re>+ & obs]v+ !m 
:ile alive4   ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,!         

,,gras%opp]3      7#a7 ,brief discussion
 ( ! gras%opp]4      7#b7 ,field /udies4
      7#c7 ,bre$+ cage obs]vations4     
7#d7 ,/udy ( specim54   ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,!
 ,,h\se ,,fly ,,or ,,typhoid ,,fly3     
7#a7 ,discussion ( ! life cycle ( ! fly1
 its habits1 dang]          f x & h[ x c
 be /amp$ out4      7#b7 ,/udy ( ! fly &
 its "w4   ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,mosquito3   
7#a7 ,brief discussion ( ! life habits &
 /ages ( ! mosquito4      7#b7          
,obs]vations & /udy4   ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! 
,,cabbage ,,mill]3      7#a7 ,brief     
discussion ( ! cat]pill>1 ! *rysalis1 ! 
butt]fly1 & its "w4      7#b7           
,obs]vations & /udy4      7#c7 ,bre$+   
"w4   ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,apple ,,worm3 
7#a7 ,brief discussion ( ! diff]5t /ages
 ( ! pe/1 its "w          & rem$ies =   
its control4      7#b7 ,obs]vations &   
bre$+ "w4   ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,tomato 
,,or ,,tobacco ,,worm3      7#a7 ,brief 
discussion ( /ages1 "w & habits4        
7#b7 ,/udy & obs]vation4   ,,*apt] ,,ix 
,,! ,,firefly3      7#a7 ,brief         

discussion ( ! insect4      7#b7        
,obs]vations & /udies4   ,,*apt] ,x ,,! 
,,:ite ,,grub ,,or ,,june-,,bug3        
7#a7 ,discussion ( ! insect z a pe/ &   
its habits & /ages4      7#b7           
,obs]vations & /udies4   ,,*apt] ,,xi   
,,! ,,colorado ,,potato ,,beetle3       
7#a7 ,brief discussion ( ! pe/4         
7#b7 ,obs]vations & /udies4   ,,*apt]   
,,xii ,,! ,,lady-,,beetle3      7#a7    
,brief discussion ( habits & appe>ance (
 ! lady-beetles1          & _! value z  
fri5ds4      7#b7 ,obs]vations & /udies4
   ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,dragon-,,fly3   
7#a7 ,discussion ( life & habits (      
insect4      7#b7 ,obs]vations & field  
/udies4   ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,squa%     
,,bug3      7#a7 ,discussion ( habits1  
injury & control ( pe/4      7#b7       
,obs]vations & field /udies4   ,,*apt]  
,,xv ,,! ,,plant-,,l\se3      7#a7      
,discussion ( habits1 injury & control (
 pe/4      7#b7 ,obs]vations & field    
/udies4   ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,! ,,honey     
,,bee3      7#a7 ,discussion ( ! honey  

bee z to habits 9 its home &            
outdoors1 its value to man & ! colony z 
a village4      7#b7 ,obs]vations &     
/udies4   ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,ant3     
7#a7 ,discussion ( ant life & behavior1 
! colony z a unit1 its          "w &    
rem>kable in/9cts4      7#b7 ,/udies &  
obs]vations4     ,,introduction   ,9 !  
prep>ation ( a book ( ?is nature1 to be 
us$ 9 ! grade s*ools1 we realize t ! "o 
fundam5tal ?+ to keep 9 m9d is !        
economic importance ( ! insect1 be x    
good or bad4 ,! *ild wants to "k :at is 
good & :at is bad & h[ he c make use ( !
 good & h[ he c get rid ( ! bad4 ,& yet 
!re is some?+ m associat$ ) ! life1 "w &
 developm5t ( ea* t9y insect4 ,!re is a 
/ory--a /ory ( gr[?1 n unlike t ( !     
develop+ *ild1 a /ory ( c\rage1 /rife & 
ultimate success or failure1 :i* is z   
int]e/+ & ( great] value to ! *ild ?an  
_m ( ! /ories ( adv5ture & ( hi/orical  
facts4 ,snat*es ( ^! /ories w appe> 9 ! 
foll[+ *apt]s along ) ! /udies on       
insects & _! economic importance4  ,9 ! 

developm5t ( our grade s*ool sy/em1     
especially 9 ! rural di/ricts1 !re is a 
gr[+ dem& = "s practical "w along ) !   
regul> cultural /udies4 ,to ! *ild 9 !  
rural s*ools1 practical k naturally t5ds
 t[>d agriculture4 ,_m ( ^! boys & girls
 d n h a *ance to pursue /udies beyond !
 grades & x !re=e becomes necess>y to   
introduce "s elem5t>y agriculture into !
 grades to supply ! natural crav+ ( ?is 
va/ assemblage ( *ildr5 9 ! rural s*ools
 ( our l&4  ,9 ! se>* = a /udy :i* w    
give unlimit$ scope = indep5d5t ?\ght & 
obs]vation & :i* w lead ! *ild to und]/&
 bett] ! =ces ( nature t affect         
agriculture1 no?+ is s readily available
 & attractive to ! *ild z nature /udy1  
an elem5t>y /udy ( ! natural sci5ces4 ,9
 fact agriculture is prim>ily a c\rse 9 
nature /udy :]e we /udy h[ plants &     
animals /ruggle = exi/5ce4  ,!re is a   
p]iod 9 ! life ( e *ild :5 he is        
especially susceptible to ! call ( !    
fields2 :5 he roams ?r\gh woods or by   
%ady brooks ga!r+ fl[]s1 fi%+ = mud-cats

 & clean+ out bumble-bees' ne/s4 ,x is  
(t5 comp>$ ) ! life ( ! savage & is     
m]ely ! outw>d expression ( an inw>d    
crav+ = a clos] relation ) nature & h]  
creatures4 ,if "o c rea* a *ild :ile at 
t age he has a ready li/5] & an apt     
pupil4 ,t is ! "t to guide & in/ruct !  
*ild along ! l9e ( nature /udy4  ,! mo/ 
important que/ions confront+ ! av]age   
tea*] 9 ! grade s*ools are3 ,:at mat]ial
 %all ,i use & h[ %all ,i proce$ to     
direct ! *ild along ?is l9e8 ,fir/ ( all
 use t mat]ial :i* is mo/ readily       
available1 :i* is mo/ famili> to ! *ild 
& :i* w attract & hold 8 att5tion4 ,!re 
is no?+ s readily available & s g5]ally 
int]e/+ to bo? boys & girls z are !     
?\s&s ( flutt]+1 buzz+1 hopp+ & creep+  
=ms ( insects4 ,!y are pres5t ev]y:]e1 9
 all seasons & are kn[n to e *ild ( !   
city or f>m4 ,!y are easily obs]v$ 9 !  
field & c be kept 9 conf9em5t = /udy4   
,_m ( !m are ( ! greate/ importance to  
man2 a /udy ( !m becomes ( special      
value4  ,9 pursu+ a /udy ( nature & h]  

creatures "o %\ld g into ! woods &      
fields z mu* z possible & /udy !m :]e !y
 are f\nd4 ,9 ?is way "o c det]m9e h[ !y
 live toge!r1 :at !y fe$ on & ! v>i\s   
o!r que/ions :i* ! inquisitive m9d ( a  
heal?y *ild w ask4 ,:5 field "w is n    
possible1 ga!r ! insects & keep !m alive
 9 j>s :]e !y c be f$ & obs]v$4 ,"s =ms 
_c be kept 9 conf9em5t & 9 su* cases    
samples %\ld be kill$ & p9n$1 !reby =m+ 
a collection = /udy4  ,mo/ ( ! =ms :i*  
are includ$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s c be kept 
9 conf9em5t 9 glass j>s or /udies out   
doors4 ,! /udies h be5 made s g5]al t 9 
case ! p>ticul> =m m5tion$ is n         
available any closely relat$ =m c be    
us$4 ,ea* *ild %\ld make a small        
collection ( liv+ & p9n$ insects = /udy 
& %\ld be enc\rag$ to obs]ve insects &  
_! "w 9 ! field4 ,! collections & _m ( !
 obs]vations c\ld be made to good       
advantage dur+ ! summ] vacation :5 !    
insects are mo/ abundant & active4      
,pupils %\ld n be enc\rag$ m]ely to make
 obs]vations1 b !y %\ld be requir$ to   

record !m z well4 ,brief descriptions ( 
! appe>ance & developm5t ( insects1 !   
injury !y d1 & rem$ies = ! same1 w help 
fix 9 m9d facts :i* o!rwise might soon  
be =gott54 ,draw+s1 :5ev] possible1 %\ld
 also be requir$4 ,! pupil :o c record  
obs]vations accurately ) draw+s w n soon
 =get !m4 ,! tea*] %\ld !re=e require   
ea* pupil to provide himself ) a        
note-book = keep+ brief1 b accurate     
notes & c>eful draw+s4 ,! draw+s %\ld be
 made ) a h>d lead p5cil on un-rul$     
pap]1 ! size ( ! note-book1 & ! pupils  
%\ld be enc\rag$ to be neat & accurate4 
,! au?or wi%es to take ?is opportunity (
 express+ 8 deep appreciation = ! _m    
helpful sugge/ions & o!r assi/ance :i*  
,mr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,emb]son1 sup]9t5d5t (     
,boys & ,girls ,club ,"w 9 ,miss\ri1 has
 giv54 ,x 0 8 life-long devotion to !   
boys & girls ( ! grade s*ools & 8 ke5   
appreciation ( _! ne$s t lead him fir/  
to sugge/ to ! au?or ! importance (     
prep>+ ?is little book = _! use4        
,,leon>d ,,haseman  ,univ]sity (        

,miss\ri4         99       99       99  
99       99      ,! /udy ( entomology is
 "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ (     pursuits4 ,x 
takes its vot>ies into ! treasure-h\ses 
( ,nature1     & expla9s "s ( ! wond]ful
 s]ies ( l9ks :i* =m !     great *a9 (  
creation4 ,x lays op5 be=e u ano!r _w1 (
     :i* we h be5 hi!rto unconsci\s1 &  
%[s u t !     t9ie/ insect1 s small     
p]haps t ! unaid$ eye c sc>cely     see 
x1 has its "w to d 9 ! _w1 & does x4    
--,,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,wood4     ,,*apt] ,i 
,,insects      ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5
 a grub & a butt]fly2 yet y\r           
butt]fly 0 a grub4                      
--,,%akespe>e4   ,9 und]tak+ a /udy (   
insects x is well fir/ ( all to "k      
some?+ ab\t :at !y are1 _! g5]al nature1
 appe>ance1 habits & developm5t4 ,!     
insects comprise ! l>ge/ gr\p ( animals 
on ! globe4 ,!re are ab\t f\r times z _m
 diff]5t k9ds ( insects z all o!r k9ds (
 animals comb9$4 ,insects v>y greatly 9 
size4 ,"s are z l>ge z small birds1 :ile
 o!rs are s small t a ?\s& plac$ 9 "o   

pile w\ld n equal ! size ( a pea4       
,insects are commonly spok5 ( z bugs4   
,?is t]m1 h[ev]1 is prop]ly us$ only :5 
ref]r+ to ! "o ord] ( insects :i*       
includes ! sap & blood-suck+ insects su*
 z ! *9* bug1 b$-bug1 squa% bug1 & ! l4 
,!n too1 !re are _m s-call$ bugs :i* are
 n insects at all4 ,spid]s1 ?\s&-legs1  
crawfi%es & ev5 e>?-worms are (t5 spok5 
( z bugs4   ,:at ,!y ,are  ,illu/ration3
 ,side view ( gras%opp] ) w+s & legs    
p>tly remov$4 ,note ! division ( ! body 
into head1 ?orax1 compos$ ( pro?orax1   
meso?orax & meta?orax1 & abdom5 consi/+ 
( r+-l segm5ts4  ,insects are v>i\sly   
=m$1 b z a rule ! mature ones h ?ree &  
only ?ree pairs ( legs1 "o pair (       
feel]s1 "o pair ( l>ge eyes1 & "o or two
 pairs ( w+s4 ,! body is divid$ into a  
head1 ?orax & abdom54 ,! head be>s !    
eyes1 feel]s & m\?1 ! ?orax be>s ! legs 
& w+s1 & ! abdom5 is made up ( a numb] (
 segm5ts4 ,! pres5ce ( w+s at once      
decides :e!r or n x is an insect1 =1    
aside f bats & birds1 insects alone h   

true w+s4 ,^! are ! di/+ui%+ *>act]s ( !
 full gr[n insect1 b1 l birds1 !y hat* f
 eggs & :ile "y d n always look l _!    
p>5ts4 ,:5 "y !y may take on v>i\s %apes
 z cat]pill>s1 bor]s1 maggots1 grubs1   
hopp]s1 & ! l4 ,"y insects are (t5      
difficult to di/+ui% f true worms1      
c5tip$es1 snails1 & su* =ms1 b aft] "o  
has collect$ & re>$ "s ( ! "y & wat*$ !m
 pass ?r\gh ! diff]5t /ages & em]ge )   
w+s !y are mu* m easily recogniz$4   ,_!
 ,pr9cipal ,*>act]i/ics  ,illu/ration3  
,face ( gras%opp] enl>g$ %[+ p>ts2 ant41
 ant5na2 eye1 comp\nd eye2 oc41 ocellus 
or simple eye2 cl41 clypeus2 lbr41      
labrum or upp] lip2 mx4 p41 maxill>y    
palpus2 lb4 p41 labial palpus2 lab41    
labium or l[] lip4  ,"y insects z a rule
 are s(t l cat]pill>s & maggots1 :ile ! 
old ones usually h a h>d body wall1     
simil> to ! beetles & wasps4 ,! w+s are 
usually ?9 & transp>5t ?\gh 9 "s cases  
!y are lea!ry or h>d z 9 case ( beetles 
or cov]$ ) scales z 9 ! butt]flies4 ,!  
?ree pairs ( legs are jo9t$ & us$ =     

runn+1 climb+1 jump+1 swimm+1 digg+ or  
grasp+4 ,! feel]s or ant5nae are usually
 ?readlike1 clubb$1 or resemble a fea!r 
& ext5d =w>d or sidewise f ! head4 ,!   
l>ge eyes are comp\nd1 be+ made up ( _m 
great small units :i*1 :5 magnifi$1     
resemble honey-comb4 ,9 "s cases two or 
?ree small bead-l eyes may be pres5t    
besides ! two l>ge eyes4 ,! m\? p>ts (  
insects may be =m$ = *ew+1 z 9 !        
gras%opp]1 or = suck+ up liquids1 z 9 ! 
mosquito4 ,! m\? ( an insect is built on
 an entirely diff]5t plan f our own4    
,*ew+ insects h an upp] & l[] lip &     
betwe5 ^! !re are two pairs ( gr9d+     
jaws4 ,^! jaws are h+$ at ! side ( !    
face & :5 *ew+ !y come toge!r f ei!r    
side s z to meet 9 ! middle ( ! m\?4 ,!y
 !re=e "w sidewise r ?an up & d[n4 ,!   
m\? p>ts ( ! suck+ insects are drawn out
 to =m a suck+ tube or proboscis z 9    
case ( ! butt]fly or mosquito4          
,illu/ration3 ,m\? p>ts ( gras%opp] %[n 
9 relative position2 lbr41 labrum2 md41 
m&ibles2 hyp41 hypoph>ynx2 max41        

maxillae2 lab41 labium4  ,illu/ration3  
,leg ( gras%opp] %[+ segm5tation4 ,!    
basal segm5t c1 is ! coxa1 ! next t1 !  
tro*ant]1 ! l>ge segm5t f1 ! femur1 !   
long sl5d] "o ti1 ! tibia1 & ! ?ree     
jo9t$ t>sus ta1 ) claws at ! tip4  ,!   
int]nal organs ( insects are simil> to  
^? ( o!r animals4 ,! dige/ive tube      
consi/s ( oesophagus1 gizz>d1 or /oma*1 
& inte/9es4 ,! n]v\s sy/em is well      
develop$ z %[n by ! extreme s5sitiv5ess 
( insects to t\*4 ,! bra9 is            
comp>atively small except 9 ! bees &    
ants4 ,! circulatory sy/em consi/s      
simply ( a long tube he>t1 ! blood      
vessels be+ abs5t4 ,9 ?is way ! int]nal 
organs ( ! insect are simply ba!d 9 !   
blood4 ,! sy/em ( respiration is mo/    
complicat$4 ,! air is tak5 9 ?r\gh pores
 usually along ! side ( ! body & is !n  
c>ri$ ?r\gh f9e tra*eal tubes to all    
p>ts ( ! body4 ,y _c dr[n an insect by  
putt+ its head "u wat]1 s9ce x does n   
brea! ?r\gh its m\?4 ,! muscul> sy/em is
 simil> to t ( o!r animals :i* h !      

skeleton on ! outside4  ,illu/ration3 ,!
 int]nal organs ( ! honey bee4 ,note !  
/rong w+ muscles 9 ! ?orax4 ,! tube-l   
he>t beg9s 9 ! head & ext5ds back ?r\gh 
! ?orax & foll[s ! curve ( ! abdom54    
,bel[ ! he>t is ! dige/ive tube consi/+ 
( ! sl5d] oesophagus :i* ext5ds back to 
! exp&$ honey /oma*1 9 :i* ! bee c>ries 
! nect> x collects f fl[]s1 !n ! curl$  
true /oma*1 ! small inte/9e & exp&$ l>ge
 inte/9e4 ,bel[ ?is is ! n]v\s sy/em    
consi/+ ( ! bra9 & a *a9 ( connect$     
enl>gem5ts or ganglia ext5d+ back into !
 abdom5 9 ! l[] "p ( ! body4 ,!         
respiratory sy/em 9 "p appe>s j above ! 
honey /oma*1 & ! black circul> or oval  
spots are cross sections ( connect+ air 
tubes1 :i* run all ?r\gh ! body4 ,also  
note ! /+ ) ! poison gl& & sack :i* are 
pull$ out ) ! /+2 also ! suck+ tube =   
gett+ honey f fl[]s1 & ! /ructures on ! 
legs = ga!r+ & c>ry+ poll52 ! poll5     
basket is on ! back side ( ! h9d leg4   
,_! ,me?ods ( ,develop+  ,9 mo/ cases ! 
p>5t insect deposits small eggs :i* hat*

 lat] into ! "y insects4 ,9 "s cases1 z 
) ! bl[-flies1 ! maggot may hat* f ! egg
 :ile yet 9 ! p>5t's body1 :5 ! active  
l>va is born alive4 ,:e!r ! egg hat*es  
be=e or aft] x is deposit$1 ! "y insect 
cont9ues to develop 9 "o ( ?ree ways4 ,x
 may resemble ! p>5t & simply gr[ z does
 a kitt51 or x may look some:at l its   
p>5t ?\gh small] & )\t w+s1 z ! "y      
gras%opp]1 or x may be> no resemblance  
:atev] to ! p>5t1 z ! cat]pill> :i* fe$s
 & gr[s & f9ally sp9s a cocoon 9 :i* x  
passes to ! re/+ *rysalis /age & lat]   
em]ges ) w+s4 ,! developm5t ( insects is
 !re=e extremely complicat$4            
,illu/ration3 ,! *9* bug %[+ developm5t 
) incomplete metamorphosis2 a1 egg2 b1  
fir/ nymph2 c1 second nymph2 d1 ?ird    
nymph2 e1 f\r? nymph2 f1 adult w+$ bug2 
g1 *9* bugs extract+ sap f corn plant4  
,to control ?is pe/ burn ov] all w9t]   
h>bor+ places & use *emical or du/      
b>ri]s foll[+ :eat h>ve/4   ,! ,pr9cipal
 ,ord]s  ,9 ord] to /udy a gr\p (       
animals :i* includes s _m ?\s& diff]5t  

k9ds x is necess>y to divide !m into a  
numb] ( %>ply def9$ divisions or ord]s4 
,all animal life is naturally gr\p$ into
 su* divisions & subdivisions4 ,among ! 
insects we at once detect sev5 l>ge1    
%>ply def9$ divisions or ord]s1 & t5 or 
m small] ones4 ,( ^! we h fir/1 !       
two-w+$ true flies2 second1 ! f\r-w+$   
butt]flies & mo?s2 ?ird1 ! h>d-back$    
beetles2 f\r?1 ! /++ f\r-w+$ wasps &    
bees2 fif?1 ! v>i\sly =m$ suck+ insects 
or true bugs1 z *9* bugs & b$-bugs2     
six?1 ! rapid-fly+ f\r-w+$ snake doctors
 or dragon-flies &1 sev5?1 ! hopp+ =ms1 
! gras%opp]s4 ,besides ^! we h ! v>i\s  
small] ord]s ( wat]-lov+ insects1 fleas1
 etc4 ,! sev5 gr\ps m5tion$ above       
include ! majority ( our common =ms & 9 
! /udies to foll[ we w include only     
repres5tatives f ^! ord]s4              
,illu/ration3 ,! ,hessian fly %[+       
developm5t ) complete metamorphosis2 a1 
egg2 b1 l>va or maggot2 c1 flax-se$     
/age2 d1 pupa2 e1 adult w+$ fly2 f1 :eat
 /ubble ) flax-se$ /ages ne> base tak5  

aft] h>ve/4 ,to control ?is pe/1 pl[ "u 
/ubble aft] h>ve/2 keep d[n all volunte]
 :eat & s[ :eat aft] fly-free date 9 !  
fall4   ,_! ,habits  ,! habits ( insects
 are z v>i$ z _! =ms & adaptations4 ,"s 
live 9 ! wat] all _! life1 o!rs sp5d a  
"p ( _! life "u wat]1 o!rs live !       
c>e-free life ( ! op5 air1 o!rs enjoy   
fe$+ ^u & liv+ 9 ! f\le/ ( fil?1 o!rs   
associate !mselves ) c]ta9 def9ite crops
 or animals !reby do+ untold injury1    
:ile o!rs produce food & o!r mat]ials   
:i* are to be us$ by man = 8 com=t4 ,e  
imag9able nook & crook1 f ! dep?s (     
lakes to ! tops ( m\nta9s1 f ! w>m1     
sunny s\? to ! cold frigid nor?1 f ! f\l
 damp swamps to ! he>t ( our des]t l&s1 
(f]s a home = "s small insect4  ,! mo/  
/rik+ habits & developm5ts among insects
 is f\nd 9 ! m highly advanc$ families (
 bees & ants :]e def9ite insect         
societies are =m$1 resembl+ 9 _m        
respects human societies & human        
activities4 ,among ^! villages are      
e/abli%$1 homes built1 battles f\ght1   

slaves made1 h]ds kept by %eph]ds1 & ev5
 fields cultivat$4 ,9 ^! gr\ps we h !   
ne>e/ approa* to human intellig5ce4     
,_! ,role 9 ,agriculture  ,"s insects   
may be v de/ructive to crops1 o!rs are  
b5eficial1 :ile ! majority ( insects are
 ( no importance to man or agriculture4 
,! v>i\s =ms ( pe/s su* z ! *9* bug1    
potato beetles1 & o!rs d an enorm\s     
am\nt ( damage ea* ye>4 ,!y de/roy      
hundr$s ( millions ( doll>s wor? ( crops
 annually 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone4 ,!y  
dev\r en\gh to pay = ! entire co/ (     
runn+ ! s*ool sy/em ( our c\ntry & ne>ly
 en\gh to meet all ! exp5ses ( our      
gov]nm5t4 ,9 view ( ^! facts x is ! duty
 ( ea* & e f>m]1 "y or old1 to acqua9t  
himself ) ^! de/ructive pe/s & prep>e   
himself = combat+ !m4 ,) a k ( ! me?ods 
( controll+ ^! pe/s mu* ( ?is enorm\s   
loss c be prev5t$4  ,:ile "s insects are
 extremely injuri\s1 o!rs are v helpful4
 ,! products ( ! honey bee 9 ! ,unit$   
,/ates alone am\nt to sev]al million    
doll>s a ye>1 to say no?+ ( its value to

 ! f>m] 9 poll9at+ fruits4 ,! annual    
output ( silk1 all ( :i* is spun by !   
silkworm1 is wor? millions ( doll>s4 ,_m
 o!r =ms are ( value to man by produc+  
mat]ial ( comm]cial value su* z lac1    
%ellack1 dyes1 m$ic9es1 etc4 ,( all !   
b5eficial insects ^? :i* are ( greate/  
value to man are ! p>asites & simil> =ms
 :i* help to keep 9 *eck _m ( ! sev]e/  
pe/s ( ! f>m4 ,insects are n all bad    
fell[s by any means4 ,"o mu/ acqua9t    
himself ) ^? :i* are good & ^? :i* are  
bad be=e he c hope to deal ) !m         
intellig5tly4         99       99       
99       99       99      ,& ) *ildlike 
cr$ul\s affection       ,we behold ^?   
t5d] w+s exp&1     ,emblems ( our own   
great resurrection1       ,emblems ( !  
bright & bett] l&4                      
--,,longfell[4     ,,*apt] ,,ii         
,,collect+ ,,insects      ,does he :o   
se>*es ,nature's secrets scruple     ,to
 /ick a p9 into an insect8              
--,a4 ,g4 ,,oehl5s*laeg]4   ,9 ! life ( 
e normal human !re comes a "t :5 he     

wi%es to make a collection ( "s k9d4 ,x 
may be a collection ( co9s1 po/age      
/amps1 po/-c>ds1 %ells1 relics1 birds'  
eggs1 press$ fl[]s or insects4 ,if !    
*ild gr[s up 9 ! c\ntry1 ! result ( ?is 
crav+ is usually ?ree or f\r cig> boxes 
( insects or an almanac or geography    
/uff$ ) ! mo/ attractive wild fl[]s ( ! 
field4 ,a collection ( ?is sort may be  
small & poorly kept & yet x is wor?     
:ile4 ,9 lat] life "o w se>* 9 8 "m's   
closet or attic = ! old cig> boxes :i*  
conta9 ! rema9s ( y\?ful ef=ts1 usually 
a mass ( gaudy w+s1 fragm5ts ( insect   
legs & bodies & a few ru/y p9s4 ,?is    
desire to make a collection is natural &
 %\ld be enc\rag$ 9 ! *ild4 ,x t5ds to  
make him obs]ve closely & creates an    
int]e/ 9 ?+s ab\t him1 & if prop]ly     
direct$ x w add a /ore ( in=mation :i* c
 be gott5 9 no o!r way4   ,directions = 
,collect+  ,_m boys & girls ( ! rural   
s*ools w h little "t or incl9ation to   
provide !mselves ) app>atus = collect+  
insects4 ,an old /raw hat or a limb w   

s]ve _! purpose4 ,f _! po9t ( view :at  
diff]5ce does x make if !y te> (f mo/ ( 
! legs & break ! w+s8 ,!y succe$ 9      
secur+ ! bug & :5 p9n$ 9 ! box x w mean 
j ab\t z mu* to !m z ! mo/ p]fect       
specim5 ev] prep>$4  ,illu/ration3 ,a   
conv5i5t home-made net = cat*+ insects2 
note ! broom-/ick h&le1 heavy twi/$ wire
 & mosquito net bag4  ,?is me?od ( cat*+
 insects w prove effective :]e no?+     
bett] is available1 b any *ild c easily 
make a small insect net by atta*+ a loop
 ( fairly /iff wire to a broom h&le or  
o!r /ick & sew+ a bag ( mosquito nett+  
or o!r ?9 clo? to ! wire4 ,by means (   
su* a net "o c cat* insects m easily &  
at ! same "t !re is less dang] ( te>+   
su* insects z butt]flies4 ,c>e mu/ be   
tak5 9 h&l+ ! /++ insects4              
,illu/ration3 ,a cyanide j> = kill+     
insects2 note ! lumps ( ! deadly poison 
potassium cyanide 9 ! bottom cov]$ &    
seal$ by a lay] ( pla/] ( ,p>is4  ,!    
c\ntry boy & girl w h little tr\ble     
gett+ hold ( insects1 b !y are (t5      

puzzl$ :5 x comes to kill+ !m4 ,x seems 
cruel to p9 up an insect alive & h x    
squirm = a day or two & "s means ( kill+
 !m %\ld be devis$4 ,mo/ ( ! s(t        
insects1 su* z flies1 butt]flies1 etc41 
c be kill$ by press+ _! body1 9 ! region
 ( ! w+s1 betwe5 "o's ?umb & =ef+]4 ,su*
 =ms z beetles & wasps c be quickly     
kill$ by dropp+ !m into coal oil or a   
/rong soap suds4 ,any me?od :i* c be    
devis$ = quickly kill+ ! insect1 & :i* w
 n s]i\sly mutilate x1 c be us$4  ,a    
conv5i5t kill+ bottle c be made by seal+
 a few small lumps ( ! deadly poison1   
potassium or sodium cyanide1 9 ! bottom 
( a /rong1 wide-m\!d bottle1 ) pla/] (  
,p>is2 or a few drops ( *lor(orm or e!r 
on a wad ( cotton 9 a simil> bottle1 w  
also s]ve z a conv5i5t kill+ j>4   ,p9n+
 & ,pres]v+ a ,collection  ,illu/ration3
 ,me?od ( p9n+ diff]5t k9ds ( insects4  
,aft] ! insects1 h be5 caught & kill$1  
!y %\ld !n be prep>$ = ! p]man5t        
collection4 ,mo/ insects su* z wasps1   
beetles1 flies & gras%opp]s %\ld simply 

h a p9 ?ru/ ?r\gh _! bodies until !y are
 two-?irds ! way up on ! p9 & !n put !m 
away 9 a box4 ,su* =ms z butt]flies &   
mo?s make a mu* bett] collection if !   
w+s are spread s z to br+ out _! gaudy  
m>k+s4 ,9 ord] to spread butt]flies'    
w+s1 "o ne$s a spread+ bo>d1 :i* c be   
made 9 t5 m9utes by tak+ a p9e bo>d two 
feet long1 & six in*es wide & on ?is    
nail two /rips an in* ?ick1 s t !re is a
 crack betwe5 !m4 ,! crack %\ld be half 
an in* wide at "o end & a qu>t] ( an in*
 wide at ! o!r end1 & 9 ! bottom ( x    
press /rips ( corn/alk pi? s z to h     
some?+ s(t 9 :i* to /ick ! p9s4 ,aft] a 
p9 has be5 /uck ?r\gh ! body ( a dead   
butt]fly betwe5 ! w+s1 x is !n p9n$ 9 ! 
crack s t ! back ( ! butt]fly is on a   
level ) ! /rips4 ,!n ! w+s are drawn    
=w>d until !y /& /raight out f ! body :5
 !y are p9n$ d[n by means ( /rips ( pap]
 & left to dry a few days until !y      
become p]fectly rigid4 ,9 ?is way a mo/ 
beautiful collection c be made v easily1
 b :]e "t & mat]ials are n available1   

simply p9 !m up l o!r insects1 leav+ !  
w+s to hang z !y w4 ,aft] ! specim5s are
 p9n$ !y %\ld be put away 9 cig> boxes 9
 ! bottom ( :i* is p9n$ or pa/$ a lay] (
 cork or corrugat$ pap] simil> to t :i* 
comes betwe5 glass fruit cans4 ,^! make 
ideal cases = keep+ small collections z 
! odor ( tobacco helps keep pe/s f gett+
 9 to de/roy ! collection4              
,illu/ration3 ,home-made spread+ bo>d = 
spread+ butt]flies & mo?s4              
,illu/ration3 ,cig> box ) /rip (        
corrugat$ pap] 9 bottom us$ z case =    
keep+ p9n$ insects4   ,re>+ & ,obs]v+   
,!m ,:ile ,alive  ,:ile /udy+ an insect 
x is advisable :]ev] possible to fir/   
/udy x :]e x is f\nd 9 ! field & lat]   
br+ x home & keep x alive 9 a j> :]e x c
 be f$ & obs]v$ & its v>i\s habits      
/udi$4 ,cages = bre$+ insects consi/    
simply ( a few glass fruit cans & jelly 
glasses ) t9 or clo? cov]s4 ,a *ild c   
borr[ "o or two ( ^! f 8 "m's fruit     
cell>4 ,a lay] ( moi/ s& or soil %\ld be
 put 9 ! bottom ( ! j> to provide a     

retreat = ^? =ms :i* g into ! gr\nd be=e
 *ang+ to adults4 ,be=e an insect is    
plac$ 9 "o ( ^! bre$+ cages its food    
plant %\ld be det]m9$ by obs]vations 9 !
 field1 & e day or two a fre% supply    
%\ld be ga!r$4 ,mo/ ( ! =ms discuss$ 9 !
 foll[+ *apt]s c be kept 9 j>s & re>$ to
 ! adult /age4 ,re>+ insects is bo?     
int]e/+ & in/ructive4 ,e *ild %\ld be   
giv5 an opportunity to re> a few =ms    
ei!r dur+ ! s*ool ye> or dur+ ! summ]   
vacation4         99       99       99  
99       99      ,i happ5$ "o night 9 my
 travels       ,to /ray into ,butt]fly  
,vale1     ,:]e my wond]+ eyes beheld   
butt]flies       ,,) ,,w+s ,,t ,,7      
,,wide ,,z ,a ,,sail4     ,!y liv$ 9 su*
 h\ses ( gr&eur1       ,_! days 7       
successions ( joys1     ,& ! v la/ fad  
^! butt]flies _h       ,,0 ,,mak+       
,,collections ,,( ,,boys4      ,!re 7   
boys ( all sizes & ages       ,,p9n$    
,,up ,,on ,,_! ,,walls4 ,:5 ,i said     
',twas a t]rible sight to see boys 9 t  
plight1       ,i 0 answ]$3 ',,oh1 ,,well

 ,,!y ,,are ,,dead4     ,,we ,,cat* ,,!m
 ,,alive1 ,,b ,,we ,,kill ,,!m1         
,,) ,,e!r--,a ,,v ,,nice ,,way3     ,j  
look at ?is fell[--8 hair is s yell[1   
,& 8 eyes su* a beautiful gray4         
',!n !re is a droll little d>ky1        
,z black z ! clay at our feet2     ,he  
sets (f t blond t is p9n$ j beyond      
,9 a way mo/ arti/ic & neat4     ,& n[  
let me %[ y ! late/1--       ,a specim5 
really select1     ,a boy ) a head t is 
c>roty-r$       ,& a face t is funnily  
speck$4      ',we _c decide :]e to place
 him2       ,^? spots b> him out ( ea*  
class2     ,we ?9k him a treasure to    
/udy at leisure       ,& analyze "u a   
glass4'     ,i seem$ to gr[ cold z ,i   
li/5$       ,to ! words t ^! butt]flies 
spoke2     ,) fe> ov]come1 ,i 0         
spee*less & dumb1       ,& !n ) a       
/>t1--,i awoke6                         
--,,ella ,,:eel] ,,wilcox4     ,,*apt]  
,,iii  ,,! ,,gras%opp]   ,! gras%opp] or
 locu/ is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t plagues (   
cultivat$ crops4 ,f ! e>lie/ "t !y h    

de/roy$ crops4 ,dur+ ,moses' soj\rn 9   
,egypt !y 7 s de/ructive z to cause     
sev]e fam9e & v>i\s o!r ref]5ces to _!  
de/ructive "w are to be f\nd 9 ! e>ly   
writ+s4 ,s9ce ^? e>ly days1 j ?9k ( !   
crops t h disappe>$ betwe5 ! gre$y jaws 
( gras%opp]s6  ,9 our own c\ntry x has n
 be5 _m ye>s s9ce ! sun 0 d>k5$ = days  
by cl\ds ( gras%opp]s z !y settl$ d[n f 
! ,rocky ,m\nta9s ^u ! gr[+ crops 9 !   
neighbor+ /ates4 ,"o day a field might h
 a promis+ crop & by ! next day x might 
be left z b>e z a dry /ubble field 9    
,augu/4 ,^? days ( great de/ruction 9   
,am]ica h l>gely pass$ b ea* ye> !      
active jaws ( hopp]s dev\r a h&some     
=tune4  ,illu/ration3 ,common diff]5tial
 locu/ or gras%opp]2 a1 egg ne/s        
und]gr\nd2 b1 "y nymph2 c1 d1 old]      
nymphs2 e1 adult gras%opp]2 f1 nymph    
fe$+ on grass4 ,?is %[s developm5t )    
incomplete metamorphosis4  ,9 ! same    
ord] ) ! gras%opp]s come ! crickets1    
katydids1 re>-horses1 devil's           
d>n+-ne$les or walk+-/icks1 &           

cockroa*es4 ,! gras%opp]s are mo/       
tr\blesome1 h[ev]4 ,!y deposit eggs 9 ! 
gr\nd & 9 o!r protect$ places4 ,9 ! spr+
 ^! hat* into "y hopp]s sc>cely l>g] ?an
 a p9 head at fir/4 ,?r\gh\t ! e>ly     
summ] ^! small fell[s fe$ & increase 9  
size4 ,!y bur/ _! old sk9s & crawl out (
 !m a numb] ( times z !y gr[ l>g]4 ,t[>d
 fall !y become full gr[n ) f\r /rong   
w+s & v p[]ful h9d legs = jump+4 ,9 ?is 
condition mo/ ( ! common gras%opp]s w be
 f\nd 9 ! fall :5 ! rural s*ools op54   
,,field ,,/udies  ,! small s-call$      
r$-legg$ gras%opp] is always mo/        
abundant 9 ! fall & = ?is reason we h   
select$ x = our /udies4 ,x is ab\t an   
in* long1 olive-br[n 9 color ) ! ends ( 
! h9d legs bright r$4 ,x is f\nd ev]y:]e
 9 pa/ures1 mead[s & along c\ntry roads4
 ,approa* "o ( !m 9 ! field & see :at   
happ5s4 ,h[ does x get away8 ,:5        
di/urb$1 h[ f> does x g8 ,does x hide 9 
! grass :5 y try to cat* x8 ,obs]ve "o t
 has n be5 di/urb$4 ,:]e d y f9d x2 on !
 gr\nd or on plants8 ,h[ does x move    

ab\t :5 n sc>$8 ,wat* c>efully & see :at
 plants x fe$s on4 ,h[ does x g ab\t x8 
,:at d y f9d fe$+ on gras%opp]s8 ,h[    
does a turkey cat* !m8 ,h y ev] se5 a   
dull color$ fly1 :i* inhabits dry pa?s &
 :i* flies ) a humm+ s\nd l a bee1 fe$+ 
on gras%opp]s8 ,^! are call$ robb]-flies
 or spid]-hawks & !y de/roy ?\s&s (     
gras%opp]s4   ,,bre$+ ,,cage            
,,obs]vations  ,aft] y h le>n$ all y c  
ab\t ! habits ( ! gras%opp] 9 ! field1  
cat* a few ( !m & take !m home & put !m 
9 a glass fruit j>4 ,collect gre5 leaves
 = !m & wat* !m fe$4 ,wat* _! me?od (   
fe$+ closely & see h[ x diff]s f t ( a  
horse or a c[4 ,h[ d !y move ab\t 9 !   
j>8 ,:i* legs are us$ 9 walk+8 ,:at d !y
 d ) ! jump+ legs :ile walk+8 ,d !y use 
_! w+s at all :ile 9 ! j>8 ,wat* !m wa% 
_! face & feet aft] fe$+4 ,give !m      
leaves ( diff]5t plants1 especially (   
field & g>d5 crops & det]m9e :i* !y l   
be/4 ,c y f9d any plant :i* !y w n eat8 
,f9d out h[ fa/ !y fe$ & consid]+ ! life
 ( any "o individual to be #bjj days1   

calculate ! numb] ( grass blades ea*    
individual may eat4 ,are ! feel]s us$   
:ile 9 ! j>1 & if s = :at purpose8      
,,/udy ,,( ,,specim5  ,take a gras%opp] 
f ! j> & exam9e x c>efully4 ,c\nt !     
numb] ( legs1 w+s & jo9ts 9 ! body4 ,h[ 
_m jo9ts 9 ! legs8 ,exam9e ! tip ( !    
foot = a s(t pad & on ei!r side ( x a   
/rong hook4 ,:at are ^! us$ =8 ,:at are 
! %>p sp9es on ! side ( ! h9d-legs =8   
,exam9e ! side ( ! body & see if y c f9d
 ! small brea?+ pores4 ,h[ d ! legs jo9 
! body8 ,:]e are ! w+s atta*$8 ,h[ broad
 are ! w+s z comp>$ ) ! body8 ,h[ are !y
 fold$8 ,are ! two pairs ( w+s alike8   
,:i* is us$ mo/ 9 fly+8 ,is ! head      
firmly atta*$ to ! body8 ,exam9e ! l>ge 
eyes2 :]e are !y f\nd8 ,w gras%opp]s    
bite y :ile h&l+ !m8 ,:at is ! br[n     
juice :i* escapes f ! m\? :5 di/urb$8   
,h[ long are ! feel]s z comp>$ ) ! body8
 ,c y tell ! males f ! females8 ,:at is 
! di/9ction8 ,d !y ev] make music8      
,exam9e = all ! =ego+ po9ts & write a   
brief report cov]+ ^!4 ,make a c>eful   

draw+ ( a gras%opp] f "o side2 also make
 an enl>g$ draw+ ( ! face ( a gras%opp] 
& "n ! p>ts4     ,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,!      
,,h\se ,,fly ,,or ,,typhoid ,,fly   ,9 !
 h\se fly we f9d "o ( man's mo/ deadly  
foes4 ,w> c n comp>e ) ! campaigns (    
disease & dea? wag$ by ?is mo/ fil?y (  
all insects4 ,9 our rec5t /rife ) ,spa9 
we lo/ a few lives 9 battle1 b we lo/ _m
 m 9 hospitals due to contagi\s         
diseases1 9 ! transmission ( :i* ?is pe/
 play$ a mo/ important "p4  ,! fly is   
dang]\s on acc\nt ( its fil?y habits4 ,x
 bre$s 9 fil?1 fe$s on fil? 9 op5       
closets1 slop-b>rels1 on ! /reets & 9   
back alleys & !n comes into ! h\se &    
wipes ?is g]m-lad5 fil? on our food or  
on ! h&s or ev5 9 ! m\?s ( helpless     
babies4 ,:o has n se5 flies fe$+ on     
runn+ sores on animals1 or on spit on   
sidewalks8 ,^! same flies ! next m9ute  
may be fe$+ on fruits or o!r food       
mat]ials4 ,we rebel :5 pe/s de/roy our  
crops or attack our /ock1 b "h we h a   
pe/ :i* endang]s our v lives1 & ! lives 

( ^? de> to u4  ,if ! fly conf9$ itself 
to fil? we c\ld ov]look x z x w\ld help 
to ha/5 ! removal ( fil?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 
if x avoid$ fil? & rema9$ 9 our home we 
c\ld n ov]look x1 b we c\ld feel safe t 
x 0 n apt to d u a great deal ( h>m4 ,b1
 l ! ,engli% sp>r[1 "o m9ute x is "h & !
 next some:]e else2 f fil? to foods & !n
 back aga9 to fil?4 ,9 ?is way x c>ries 
disease g]ms ^u its feet & o!r p>ts (   
its body & by com+ 9 contact ) food     
mat]ial "s ( ^! g]ms are sure to be left
 on x & cause tr\ble lat]4 ,! fly's     
me?od ( c>ry+ disease is diff]5t f t ( !
 mosquito :]e ! g]m is c>ri$ inside its 
body4  ,illu/ration3 ,h\se fly2 a1 l>va 
or maggot2 b1 pupa2 c1 adult2 e1 egg4   
,all enl>g$4 7,modifi$ f ,h[>d ,bur4 (  
,entomology4 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agri47  ,! 
pres5ce ( flies 9 ! home is usually a   
sign ( untid9ess2 b x means m1 x means t
 disease & (t5 dea? is hov]+ ov] ! home4
 ,we are too apt to consid] ! fly simply
 z a nuisance :5 we %\ld take x m       
s]i\sly4 ,! *ild %\ld be l$ to realize t

 ! fly %\ld n be tol]at$ 9 ! home1 t x  
is dang]\s & t x c & mu/ be de/roy$4  ,!
 h\se fly may pass ! w9t] ei!r z ! adult
 fly 9 cracks & crannies ab\t ! home1 or
 9 out-build+s or x may rema9 z a h>d1  
br[n1 oval pupa 9 /ables & manure piles 
:51 ) ! fir/ w>m days ( spr+1 x escape f
 ?is case z ! fly ready to lay eggs = ! 
fir/ colony4 ,! fly bre$s l>gely 9 horse
 manure ei!r 9 /ables1 manure piles or 9
 /reet gutt]s :]e manure is all[$ to    
collect4 ,ea* female lays a l>ge numb] (
 eggs & s9ce x requires less ?an two    
weeks = ! pe/ to mature1 we are soon    
ov]run ) flies 9 ! summ] :]e /eps are n 
tak5 to control !m4 ,! maggots are (t5 s
 abundant 9 /ables t !y c be scoop$ out 
) a %ovel4 ,?is ceaseless bre$+ cont9ues
 f spr+ until ! fir/ fro/ 9 ! fall4     
,illu/ration3 ,favorite bre$+ places (  
h\se fly4 ,su* places %\ld be kept z    
clean & neat z ! front y>d4  ,9 !       
control ( ! fly & prev5tion ( tr\ble f x
 !re are ?ree important /eps to take4   
,fir/ ( all1 g to ! s\rce ( ! tr\ble & d

 away ) or scre5 all bre$+ places4 ,!n1 
by keep+ 9 m9d ! fact t ! fly is        
comp>atively h>mless z long z x is kept 
f fil? lad5 ) g]ms1 d away ) all op5    
closets1 uncov]$ slop-b>rels & o!r fil?4
 ,z a fur!r precaution keep x f ! home  
by ! use ( scre5s & :5 necess>y swatt]s4
 ,d n make ! mi/ake ( try+ to control ! 
pe/ ) ! swatt]s alone4 ,9 ! c\ntry too  
(t5 manure is p]mitt$ to accumulate ab\t
 ! b>n dur+ ! summ] ) a view ( us+ x on 
:eat gr\nd 9 ! fall & ?is furni%es ideal
 conditions = ! fly to bre$4 ,ano!r     
s\rce ( con/ant dang] especially 9 !    
rural di/ricts is ! pres5ce ( op5       
closets or worse /ill ! pres5ce ( no    
closet at all4 ,?is is )\t d\bt ! mo/   
dang]\s accessory ( ! f>m4 ,m scre5s    
%\ld be us$ 9 ! home & great] c>e 9     
keep+ !m clos$4  ,illu/ration3 ,an op5  
closet to :i* ! h\se fly has free       
access4 ,su* a closet is ! mo/ dang]\s  
accessory ( any home4   ,,/udy ,,( ,,!  
,,fly ,,& ,,its ,,"w  ,obs]ve fir/ ( all
 ! fe$+ habits ( ! fly4 ,:at foods 9 !  

home is x mo/ fond (8 ,make a li/ ( all 
! food mat]ials x is f\nd to fe$ on4    
,:]e & on :at is x f\nd fe$+ out doors8 
,d y f9d x fe$+ on fil? & if s1 on :at8 
,d y f9d x ab\t ! b>n8 ,:]e is x usually
 f\nd 9 ! b>n8 ,h[ c ! fly c>ry fil? to 
food mat]ials8  ,9 /udy+ ! bre$+ ( ! fly
 det]m9e :]e x lays its eggs & :]e !    
maggots are f\nd4 ,exam9e fre% manure 9 
! /able & see if y c f9d small :ite     
maggots ab\t half an in* long & z l>ge  
ar\nd z ! lead 9 a p5cil4 ,if y d1 place
 "s ( !m ) "s fre% manure 9 a glass j> &
 see :at becomes ( !m4 ,9 a few days !  
maggots w disappe> & 9 _! places small  
oval1 br[n bean-l objects w appe>4 ,a   
few days lat] ^! w crack op5 at "o end &
 ! fly w crawl out4 ,keep records ( !   
l5g? ( "t x requires = ! pe/ to pass f  
"o /age to ! o!r4 ,if maggots _c be     
gott5 put "s fre% manure 9 ! j> & cat* a
 numb] ( live h\se flies & put !m 9 ) ! 
manure & wat* = results4 ,collect a j> (
 fre% manure ) maggots & sift ov] x a   
little p[d]$ borax & see :at happ5s to !

 maggots4 ,:]e horse manure c n be      
prop]ly dispos$ (1 *eap borax is us$ to 
?r[ ov] piles ( manure to de/roy !      
maggots & prev5t ! flies f bre$+ 9 x4   
,write a brief description ( ! diff]5t  
/ages & make c>eful draw+s ( ^!4 ,d n   
mi/ake ! h\se fly = o!r flies (t5 f\nd  
on food 9 ! home4  ,collect a few flies 
& put !m 9 a bottle & drop 9 ) !m j a   
few crumbs ( sug> & wat* !m fe$4 ,!y _c 
*ew b a little saliva f ! m\? dissolves 
a little ( ! sug> :i* is !n lapp$ up z  
syrup4 ,notice :at a peculi> suck] !y h 
= draw+ up liquids4 ,h[ c !y crawl along
 9 ! bottle ) _! backs t[>d ! floor8    
,exam9e ! tip ( _! feet = a small glue  
pad :i* /icks to ! glass4 ,^! glue pads 
& ! suck] are well fitt$ = c>ry+ fil?4  
,exam9e ! fly c>efully & write a brief  
description ( x4 ,:at color is x8 ,h[ _m
 legs8 ,h[ _m w+s8 ,are ^! transp>5t8   
,beh9d ! w+s !re is a pair ( small /ubs 
:i* is all t is left ( ! h9d pair ( w+s4
 ,are ! eyes l>ge8 ,c y f9d a pair (    
small feel]s8 ,:y c y n pick up a fly l 

y w\ld a gras%opp]8 ,is _! eye sight    
good8 ,:y are !y always mo/ abundant on 
a kit*5 scre5 door8 ,c !y smell8  ,:at  
are ! fly's wor/ enemies8 ,w ! toad eat 
!m8 ,d *ick5s eat !m8 ,h y ev] se5      
*ick5s scrat*+ 9 manure & fe$+ on ! fly 
maggots8 ,put a few drops ( =maldehyde1 
:i* y c get f a druggi/1 9 a few        
spoonfuls ( sweet milk or sug> syrup &  
let ! flies eat x & see :at happ5s to   
!m4 ,?is is "o ( our be/ poison baits = 
flies :i* get 9 ! home or collect ab\t !
 dairy4 ,=maldehyde is a poison & :5 us$
 9 bait x mu/ be kept out ( rea* (      
*ildr54 ,j ab\t fro/1 9 ! fall1 wat* = !
 appe>ance ( inactive flies on walls1   
w9d[s & o!r p>ts ( ! h\se4 ,^! h be5    
attack$ by a p>asitic disease4 ,^! are  
(t5 f\nd /ick+ to walls & o!r objects   
ab\t ! room 9 ! w9t]1 & are commonly    
?\ght to be pass+ ! w9t]4         99    
99       99       99       99      ,!   
insect we n[ call ! 'h\se fly' %\ld 9 ! 
future be     t]m$ ! 'typhoid fly1' 9   
ord] to call direct att5tion to !       

dang] ( all[+ x to cont9ue to bre$      
un*eck$4                                
--,l4 ,o4 ,,h[>d4     ,,*apt] ,v  ,,!   
,,mosquito   ,"h we h ano!r small insect
 :i*1 l ! h\se fly1 is extremely        
dang]\s1 due to its ability to c>ry !   
g]ms ( disease4 ,!re are hundr$s (      
species ( mosquitoes1 "s small1 "s l>ge4
 ,! majority ( ^! are unable to c>ry    
disease s f> z we "k at pres5t1 b !y    
%\ld be avoid$ z dang]\s4 ,! ,miss\ri   
=ms :i* c>ry disease are ! s-call$      
mal>ial fev] mosquitoes1 & !y are       
entirely responsible = ! transmission ( 
?is sapp+ & (t5 fatal disease4 ,9 ! w>m 
c\ntries ^! are m abundant & ! fev] is m
 fatal4 ,9 ! s\? !re is /ill ano!r      
disease-c>ry+ mosquito1 ! yell[ fev]    
mosquito4 ,?is =m is mo/ dang]\s ( all4 
,! mosquito fir/ bites a pati5t suff]+ )
 mal>ia & 9 ?is way x takes 9 g]ms along
 ) ! blood :i* x sucks f ! pati5t4 ,aft]
 ^! g]ms pass ?r\gh /ages ( developm5t 9
 ! body ( ! mosquito !y are ready to be 
inject$ back into a heal?y p]son :]e1 9 

due "t1 !y cause ! disease4 ,! g]ms fe$ 
inside ! r$ blood corpuscles & at regul>
 int]vals !y de/roy a l>ge numb] ( ^!   
caus+ a *ill :i* is foll[$ by fev] & a  
new supply ( corpuscles is produc$4 ,?is
 alt]nation ( *ill & fev] may cont9ue   
all summ]1 if m$ic9e is n tak5 to de/roy
 ! g]ms4 ,qu99e w kill ! g]ms if x is   
tak5 s t pl5ty ( x is 9 ! blood :5 !    
g]ms come out ( ! torn d[n corpuscles   
dur+ a *ill4  ,9 ord] to prev5t mal>ial 
fev]1 get rid ( ! mosquitoes by dra9+ & 
oil+ ! bre$+ places1 escape _! bites by 
scre5+ h\ses1 smudg+ & de/roy+ ! adults1
 & keep ! mosquitoes f pati5ts :o h !   
fev]4 ,?is is almo/ z important z !     
de/ruction ( ! mosquitoes4 ,! mal>ial   
fev] mosquitoes are z h>mless z our     
common =ms s long z !y d n become       
infect$ ) g]ms by suck+ blood f a fev]  
pati5t4  ,illu/ration3 ,mosquitoes 9    
position = bit+2 a1 common ,culex       
mosquito2 b1 mal>ial fev] mosquito4     
,note t ! "o /&s p>allel1 :ile ! o!r /&s
 at an angle to ! surface on :i* x re/s4

  ,9 view ( ! fact t mo/ ( our common   
mosquitoes are class$ z non-dang]\s1 x  
is ( int]e/ to "k j h[ to di/+ui% !     
h>mless ones f ! dang]\s4 ,! adults ( ! 
two =ms c be easily di/+ui%$ :5 !y are  
se5 at re/4 ,! common =ms always re/ ) !
 body p>allel to ! surface on :i* !y    
re/1 :ile ! mal>ial =m always elevates !
 end ( ! body s t ! head is po9t$ t[>d !
 surface on :i* x re/s4 ,9 l mann] !    
wiggl]s c be di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r4 ,our   
common wiggl]s always hang head d[nw>d 9
 ! wat] :ile ^? ( ! mal>ial mosquitoes  
re/ ne> ! surface ( ! wat] ) _! bodies  
p>allel to x4 ,! majority ( ! wiggl]s   
f\nd 9 ra9 b>rels are ( our common =ms4 
,illu/ration3 ,common ,culex mosquito   
%[+ /ages ( developm5t2 a1 raft ( eggs2 
b1 l>vae or wiggl]s ( diff]5t sizes2 c1 
pupa2 d1 mosquito4 ,! l>ge wiggl] & !   
pupa are tak+ air f ! surface ( ! wat]  
?r\gh _! brea?+ tubes4  ,! life ( !     
mosquito is q int]e/+ & is an excell5t  
example ( an insect :i* lives 9 ! wat]  
"p ( its life & 9 ! air ! re/4 ,! mature

 female mosquito1 :i* does all ! bit+1  
se>*es = wat] 9 ra9 b>rels1 cans1       
dit*es1 ponds1 & /agnant swamps :]e %e  
lays h] eggs ei!r 9 raft-%ap$ packets or
 s+ly4 ,:5 ! wiggl]s hat* !y swim ab\t 9
 ! wat] & fe$ ^u decay+ mat]ial &       
microscopic wat] plants4 ,:5 ! wiggl] is
 full gr[n x *anges to an active pupa   
:i* has a l>ge head & a sl5d] tail & is 
m or less coil$4 ,a little lat] ! w+$   
mosquito escapes4 ,9 ! rural di/ricts   
mo/ ( ! mosquitoes bre$ 9 /agnant ponds1
 swamps & ra9 b>rels & f ^! !y fly to ! 
home :]e !y cause tr\ble4 ,su* places   
%\ld be dra9$ or protect$ ) oil or o!r  
means to prev5t ! mosquito f us+ !m =   
bre$+ purposes4 ,ponds c be fre$ ( !    
wiggl]s by introduc+ fi% or by us+ a    
small am\nt ( coal oil on ! surface4 ,! 
wiggl]s h a brea?+ tube :i* is ?ru/ out 
above ! wat] :5 fre% air is ne$$ & if   
!re is a ?9 film ( oil on ! wat] ?is is 
prev5t$4 ,ra9 b>rels c be fre$ ( ! pe/ 9
 ?is way also1 or p]haps bett] by cov]+ 
!m ) a clo?4 ,! mosquitoes are mo/      

tr\blesome ab\t ! home at night4 ,:5 "o 
sits out doors he %\ld keep a smudge go+
 to drive !m away :ile scre5s w keep !m 
out ( ! h\se at night4   ,,obs]vations  
,,& ,,/udy  ,collect all ! diff]5t k9ds 
( mosquitoes y c f9d & note diff]5ce 9  
size & m>k+s4 ,d y f9d ! mal>ial fev]   
mosquito 9 y\r region8 ,is mal>ial fev] 
common dur+ ! summ] & fall8 ,are !re any
 old /agnant ponds or swamps ne> y\r    
home8 ,if s1 exam9e ^! = wiggl]s4       
,exam9e ra9 b>rels = small raft-%ap$    
packets ( eggs4 ,^! resemble small      
flakes ( soot & are difficult to pick up
 betwe5 y\r f+]s4 ,take a /ick & lift !m
 f ! wat] & exam9e !m4 ,"o packet may   
conta9 a hundr$ or m eggs4 ,put a few ( 
^! packets 9 a tumbl] ( ra9 wat] & wat* 
= ! wiggl]s4 ,at fir/ !y w be v small b 
!y gr[ fa/4 ,wat* !m come to ! surface  
to brea!4 ,! tip ( ! tail is project$   
above ! wat] & air is tak5 9 at two     
small brea?+ pores or spiracles4 ,exam9e
 ra9 b>rels = ! l>g] wiggl]s4 ,:at d !y 
live on 9 ! ra9 b>rel8 ,:at d !y d :5 y 

j> ! b>rel8 ,d y f9d any ( ! r\nd$ pupae
 9 ! b>rel8 ,!y are active ! same z !   
wiggl]s4 ,if y f9d pupae1 put "s 9 a    
tumbl] ( wat]1 cov] x ) clo? or a lid & 
wat* = ! mosquitoes to appe>4 ,aft]     
collect+ sev]al mosquitoes exam9e !m =  
numb] ( w+s1 legs & m>k+s & see if all h
 ! sl5d] suck+ tube4 ,! males h l>ge    
fea!ry feel]s1 b no suck+ tube4  ,write 
a brief description ( ! wiggl] & !      
mosquito1 _! bre$+ places & means (     
de/roy+ !m4 ,make draw+s ( ! diff]5t    
/ages1 wiggl]1 pupa & mosquito4         
,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,! ,,cabbage ,,mill]     
,& "h & yond] a flaky butt]fly     ,0   
d\bt+ 9 ! air4                          
--,,mcdonald4   ,) ! fir/ approa* ( spr+
 comes sw>ms ( l>ge gre5 flies :i* bask 
9 ! ,m>* sun on ! s\? sides ( build+s4  
,!y are n ) u long1 h[ev]1 until we     
notice fla%es ( :ite quickly mov+ ab\t f
 "o e>ly we$ to ano!r4 ,^! are ! advance
 gu>ds ( ! cabbage mill]s or butt]flies4
 ,all ?r\gh ! cold w9t] !y rema9$ 9 !   
*rysalis /age /uck to ! sides ( h\ses1  

f5ce po/s & 9 o!r protect$ places1      
await+ ! fir/ brea? ( spr+4 ,! fir/     
adults to em]ge f9d no cabbage on :i* to
 lay _! eggs s !y are compell$ to use   
o!r plants su* z pepp] grass4           
,illu/ration3 ,egg ( cabbage mill] mu*  
enl>g$4  ,! eggs are v small & are      
usually plac$ on ! l[] edge ( ! leaf4   
,^! hat* & ! small gre5 worms appe>4    
,?r\gh\t ! summ] !re are a numb] (      
broods produc$ & an enorm\s am\nt (     
damage is done4 ,j be=e fro/ ! la/      
cat]pill>s se>* = protect$ places :]e !y
 pass to ! pupal or re/+ /age = ! w9t]4 
,no cocoon is spun by ?is cat]pill>4    
,:]e measures are n tak5 to control !   
cabbage worms !y de/roy mu* ( ! cabbage 
crop ea* season4 ,! :ite butt]flies c be
 se5 any day dur+ ! summ] visit+        
cabbage1 mu/>d1 radi%es & o!r simil>    
plants4 ,by de/roy+ all ( ! worms &     
mill]s 9 ! e>ly spr+ "o has less tr\ble 
lat]4 ,?is c be done by h& pick+1 or :]e
 ! pat* is l>ge by spray+ ) a poison    
solution to :i* soap is add$ to keep !  

solution f roll+ (f 9 l>ge drops4       
,poison c be us$ until ! heads are well 
=m$1 b if ! fir/ worms 9 ! spr+ are     
de/roy$1 lat] spray+ is unnecess>y ?\gh 
an occasional h&pick+ w help4           
,,obs]vations ,,& ,,/udy  ,illu/ration3 
,cabbage worm fe$+1 slightly enl>g$4  ,g
 into ! g>d5 & exam9e ! cabbage = small 
gre5 worms :i* v>y f "o f\r? to a little
 ov] an in* 9 l5g?4 ,:at is ! nature (  
_! "w on ! leaf8 ,:]e d !y fe$ mo/1 on !
 out] or inn] leaves8 ,d !y eat ! entire
 leaf8 ,h[ does ! "w ( ! "y worms diff] 
f t ( ! l>g] ones8 ,d !y sp9 silk8 ,are 
!y on ! top or "u side ( ! leaf8 ,exam9e
 "u ! dead & dri$ leaves at ! gr\nd &   
see if y c f9d small1 h>d1 gray objects 
:i* h %>p angles & :i* are ti$ to ! leaf
 ) a cord ( silk4 ,:at are ^! objects8  
,wat* ! mill] z %e visits ! cabbage &   
see if y c f9d ! small eggs :i* %e lays 
on ! "u side ( ! leaves4 ,:5 %e visits a
 cabbage plant %e b5ds h] body up "u !  
out] leaves & /ops b a mom5t1 flutt]+   
all ! :ile z %e /icks ! small egg to !  

leaf4 ,x is ab\t ! size ( a small crumb 
( bread4 ,:at does ! mill] fe$ on8 ,does
 %e visit fl[]s8 ,if s1 :at fl[]s8      
,illu/ration3 ,pupa or *rysalis (       
cabbage mill]4   ,,bre$+ ,,"w  ,collect 
a few ( ! worms & put !m 9 a glass j> ) 
a piece ( cabbage leaf4 ,exam9e !m      
c>efully & wat* !m crawl4 ,h[ _m legs d 
!y h8 ,:]e are !y plac$ on ! body8 ,h[ c
 !y use s _m legs :ile crawl+8 ,h[ _m   
jo9ts are !re to ! body8 ,note ! %ort   
f9e hair all ov] ! body :i* gives x !   
appe>ance ( gre5 velvet4 ,:at color is !
 head8 ,h[ does ! cat]pill> fe$8 ,write 
a brief description ( ! worm4 ,d n      
mi/ake x = ! cabbage span-worm :i* is   
also gre51 b :i* walks by hump+ up its  
back4  ,illu/ration3 ,cabbage mill] on  
r$ clov] blossom4  ,keep ! cabbage worms
 9 ! j> = a few days & wat* !m disappe>4
 ,aft] !y h disappe>$1 :at is left 9 !  
j>8 ,^! are ! *rysalids or pupae ( !    
insect & lat] f !m w come ! mill]s4     
,take "o ( ! pupae 9 y\r h& & see if x c
 move4 ,if x is 9 ! summ] ! mill] w     

appe> 9 a week1 b if x is 9 ! late fall 
x w simply pass ! w9t] 9 ! pupa /age4   
,wat* ! mill] escape f ! pupal case &   
describe x4 ,exam9e ! mill] c>efully &  
describe briefly ! numb] ( legs1 w+s1   
segm5ts ( body1 suck+ tube & color      
m>k+s4 ,make c>eful draw+s ( !          
cat]pill>1 *rysalis & butt]fly4 ,:at    
gives ! color to ! w+s8 ,rub ! w+s      
betwe5 y\r f+]s & see if ! color comes  
(f4 ,! w+s are cov]$ ) v small scales ( 
diff]5t colors :i* comb9e to give !     
beautiful m>k+s4 ,! w+s ( all butt]flies
 & mo?s are cov]$ ) scales & hairs 9 ?is
 way4 ,9 ?is insect we f9d bo? *ew+ &   
suck+ m\? p>ts4 ,! cat]pill> *ews :ile !
 p>5t butt]fly has a long tube = suck+  
up nect> f fl[]s & wat] f puddles 9 !   
road4         99       99       99      
99       99      ,f> out at sea--! sun 0
 high1       ,:ile ve]$ ! w9d & flapp$ !
 sail2     ,we saw a sn[-:ite butt]fly  
,danc+ be=e ! fitful gale           ,f> 
out at sea4      ,! little w&]]1 :o _h  
lo/       ,8 way1 ( dang] no?+ knew2    

,settl$ a :ile ^u ! ma/2       ,!n      
flutt]$ o'er ! wat]s blue           ,f> 
out at sea4      ,above1 !re gleam$ !   
b\ndless sky2       ,b5ea?1 ! b\ndless  
ocean %e52     ,betwe5 !m danc$ !       
butt]fly1       ,! _s-life ( ?is va/    
sc5e1           ,f> out at sea4      ,! 
t9y s\l t so>$ away1       ,seek+ !     
cl\ds on fragile w+s1     ,lur$ by !    
bright]1 pur] ray       ,:i* hope's     
ec/atic morn+ br+s--           ,f> out  
at sea4      ,away he sp$1 ) %imm]+     
glee1       ,sc>ce se51 n[ lo/1 yet     
onw>d borne6     ,night comes ) w9d &   
ra91 & he       ,no m w dance be=e !    
morn1           ,f> out at sea4      ,he
 dies1 unlike 8 mates1 ,i we5           
,p]haps n soon] or worse cross$2     ,& 
he ha? felt & kn[n & se5       ,a l>g]  
life & hope1 ?\gh lo/           ,f> out 
at sea4                                 
--,r4 ,h4 ,,horne4     ,,*apt] ,,vii    
,,! ,,apple ,,worm   ,illu/ration3      
,apple worms 9 core ( apple4 ,usually   
only "o worm appe>s 9 an apple4 ,note ! 

decay+ ( ! apple4  ,?is is p]haps ! mo/ 
de/ructive insect pe/ attack+ ! apple4  
,e ye>1 t we h a good apple crop1 !re   
are ?\s&s ( bu%els ( wormy apples :i*   
are practically wor?less4 ,?is means an 
actual loss ( ?\s&s ( doll>s a ye> to ! 
apple gr[]s ( ?is c\ntry4 ,= ?is reason 
alone ea* *ild %\ld come to "k ! life   
hi/ory1 habits & injury ( ?is pe/4 ,x is
 mo/ de/ructive to ! apple ?\gh ! pe>   
comes 9 = its %>e4  ,illu/ration3 ,!    
codl+ mo? slightly enl>g$4 7,f ,sl+]l&74
  ,e c\ntry *ild & _m ( ^? ( ! cities1  
are famili> ) ?is worm = !y (t5 bite    
into x :ile eat+ apples4 ,! small worms 
crawl d[n 9 ! blossom end ( ! "y        
develop+ apple & f !re bore into ! pulp 
& ev5tually rea* ! core ( ! fruit4 ,!y  
/ay 9 ! apple ab\t six weeks :5 !y eat a
 hole out to ! surface & crawl d[n to ! 
trunk :]e loose b>k (f]s a hid+ place4  
,"h !y sp9 _! cocoons & *ange to a      
small1 br[n1 plump pupa & aft] a few    
days ! w+$ mo? em]ges4 ,! mo? is v small
 & is n (t5 f\nd by "o n acqua9t$ ) x4  

,!y come out dur+ late ,june & e>ly     
,july :5 !y lay eggs = a second colony (
 worms :i* aga9 ent] ! fruit & de/roy m 
( x4 ,^! worms ( ! second brood are     
usually mature & leave ! fruit ab\t ! "t
 apples are pick$ 9 ! fall 9 c5tral     
,miss\ri4 ,!y escape & soon sp9 cocoons 
9 :i* !y pass ! w9t]4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ^! 
*ange to pupae & lat] ! mo?s come out4  
,!y appe> ab\t ! "t apples bloom 9 !    
spr+ & lay ! eggs = ! fir/ worms :i*    
ent] 9 great numb]s at ! blossom end4   
,?is 9 %ort1 is ! life /ory ( ! pe/     
?r\gh ! ye>4 ,little c be done to de/roy
 ! pe/ aft] x gets into ! fruit1 !re=e  
rem$ies mu/ be appli$ to de/roy ! worm  
be=e x gets into ! fruit4 ,all or*>ds   
%\ld be spray$ ) a poison 9 ! spr+ be=e 
! worms appe>4 ,s9ce mo/ ( !m ent] by   
way ( ! blossom end1 x is necess>y t !  
poison be put into ! blossom end4 ,to d 
?is spray at once aft] ! blossoms fall1 
repeat aft] two weeks & spray aga9 9    
,july to kill ! second brood ( worms4 ,!
 protection ( woodpeck]s & sapsuck]s w  

also help z !y fe$ on ! worms "u ! b>k4 
,illu/ration3 ,apple blossoms at ab\t ! 
"r /age = receiv+ ! fir/ & mo/ important
 ars5ical spray = ! control ( ! apple   
worm4   ,,obs]vations ,,& ,,bre$+ ,,"w  
,g into ! or*>d & exam9e = apples )     
masses ( sawdu/-l mat]ial project+ f !  
sides or blossom end4 ,by remov+ ?is    
br[n deposit :i* is ! excrem5t ( ! worm1
 y w f9d a hole lead+ into ! apple4 ,cut
 op5 "o ( ^! & det]m9e ! c\rse ( !      
tunnel4 ,:]e d y f9d ! worm8 ,d all su* 
apples conta9 worms8 ,:]e h !y gone8 ,h[
 does ! fe$+ ( ! worms injure ! fruit8  
,d any ( ! wormy apples %[ rot8 ,are any
 ( ! w9dfalls 9 ! or*>d wormy & if s :at
 proportion8  ,remove a worm f "o ( !   
apples & exam9e x4 ,h[ _m legs has x8   
,:at color is x & does x h hair ^u its  
body8 ,c x crawl fa/8 ,does x sp9 silk8 
,put a numb] ( ! l>ge worms 9 a j> &    
exam9e f day to day & keep records ( :at
 happ5s4 ,collect a numb] 9 ! fall &    
keep !m 9 a box outdoors dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9
 ! spr+ wat* !m *ange to ! pupa 9 !     

cocoon & a little lat] ! mature insect  
or codl+ mo?1 z x is commonly call$1 w  
em]ge4 ,describe ! mo? & p9 a numb] ( !m
 = y\r collection4 ,:at "t 9 ! spr+ d ! 
cat]pill>s *ange to ! pupa & :5 d ! mo?s
 em]ge8 ,if y keep ! mo?s 9 a bottle !y 
w lay _! small circul> flat eggs :]e !y 
c be se5 by look+ closely4 ,dur+ ! w9t] 
exam9e "u ! b>k ( apple trees & 9 cracks
 & crevices ab\t apple p5s = ! small    
silk cocoons conta9+ ! worms4 ,exam9e 9 
! same places 9 ! spr+ ab\t apple bloom+
 "t & !n 9 place ( ! small p9k worms y w
 f9d ! small br[n pupae4 ,keep ^! a few 
days & ! mo?s w appe>4  ,:at proportion 
( apples 9 y\r region are wormy8 ,:at   
are !y us$ =8 ,are ! trees spray$ j aft]
 ! blossoms fall to control ! pe/8 ,:]e 
spray+ is c>efully done1 are !re z _m   
wormy apples8 ,:y n spray all ! or*>ds  
prop]ly & h no worms8  ,draw & describe 
! diff]5t /ages ( ! apple worm or codl+ 
mo? & its injury to fruit4         99   
99       99       99       99      ,o1  
yet we tru/ t someh[ good       ,w be ! 

f9al goal ( ill1     ,to pangs ( nature1
 s9s ( w1       ,defects ( d\bt & ta9ts 
( blood2      ,t no?+ walks ) aimless   
feet2       ,t n "o life %all be        
de/roy$1     ,or ca/ z rubbi% to ! void1
       ,:5 ,god ha? made ! pile         
complete2      ,t n a worm is clov5 9   
va91       ,t n a mo? ) va9 desire1     
,is %rivell$ 9 a fruitless fire1        
,or b subs]ves ano!r's ga94             
--,,t5nyson4     ,,*apt] ,,viii  ,,!    
,,tomato ,,or ,,tobacco ,,worm          
,illu/ration3 ,egg ( ,tomato worm mo?   
enl>g$4  ,?is insect is (t5 v de/ructive
 to tomatoes & tobacco4 ,mo/ c\ntry boys
 & girls "k x & fe> its ugly look+ horn4
 ,:5 full gr[n x is f\r in*es long1     
usually d>k gre5 ) a numb] ( slant+ :ite
 l9es along ei!r side4 ,x is s ne> !    
color ( ! plants t x is difficult to see
 x4  ,illu/ration3 ,"y tomato worm4     
,dur+ ! summ] mon?s ! worms are common1 
be+ mo/ abundant 9 ,augu/4 ,9 ! fall !  
mature worms g into ! gr\nd & *ange f ! 
worm to a l>ge1 oval1 br[n pupa ) a     

jug-h&le-l app5dage on ! "u side4 ,^!   
are (t5 turn$ up :5 ! g>d5 is pl[$ 9 !  
spr+4 ,aft] tomato plants are well />t$ 
! l>ge greyi% humm+-bird-l mo?s comes f 
! gr\nd & beg9 lay+ eggs4 ,! mo? exp&s f
 f\r to six in*es & is (t5 se5 at dusk  
visit+ ! blossoms ( jimson we$ & o!r    
l>ge tube fl[]s4 ,!y are also f\nd ar\nd
 lights at night4  ,:]e !y are          
tr\blesome ! plants %\ld ei!r be spray$ 
) a poison :5 ! injury is fir/ notic$ or
 else ! worms %\ld be pick$ (f &        
de/roy$4 ,!re is a small p>asitic wasp  
:i* is v helpful 9 de/roy+ ?is          
cat]pill>4 ,!y live inside ! worm & :5  
mature bore out ?r\gh ! sk9 on ! sides &
 back :]e !y sp9 small :ite egg-l       
cocoons f :i* lat] ! small wasps em]ge4 
,(t5 a hundr$ or m may come out ( "o    
worm4   ,,/udy ,,& ,,obs]vation  ,obs]ve
 ! worms :]e !y are at "w on tomatoes4  
,di/urb !m & he> !m gr9d _! jaws toge!r4
 ,d !y eat ! foliage rapidly8 ,du/ a    
little ,p>is gre5 on ! foliage :]e a    
worm is eat+ & see :at happ5s 9 half an 

h\r4 ,collect a numb] ( ! worms 9 a     
glass fruit c & give !m tomato leaves to
 eat & wat* !m gr[4 ,h[ _m segm5ts are  
!re to ! body8 ,h[ _m ( ! segm5ts h     
small black spots on ei!r side8 ,^! are 
holes ?r\gh :i* ! worm brea!s4 ,is !    
horn at ! end ( ! body /iff en\gh to    
/ick into y\r h&8 ,?is is ?\ght to be a 
/+ b x is only an ornam5t & is entirely 
h>mless4 ,:5 full gr[n !y w burr[ into !
 s& 9 ! j> & *ange to ! pupa4           
,illu/ration3 ,full-f$ tomato worm      
slightly r$uc$4  ,illu/ration3 ,*rysalis
 or pupa ( tomato worm4 ,note !         
jug-h&le-l %ea?s enclos+ ! proboscis4   
,exam9e ! br[n pupa c>efully & see if x 
c move4 ,:at is ! peculi> /ructure on ! 
"u side ( ! body8 ,! mo? :i* comes f ?is
 9 ! spr+ is v l>ge4 ,x is cov]$ ) :ite 
& black scales & hairs :i* give x a     
mottl$ appe>ance4 ,exam9e on ! "u side (
 ! head = a peculi> /ructure l a wat*   
spr+4 ,?is is ! suck+ tube us$ 9 draw+  
up nect> f deep tubul> blossoms4 ,:5 !  
mo?s are sipp+ nect> f jimson we$       

blossoms !y c be kill$ by p\r+ a little 
poison d[n into ! blossoms4             
,illu/ration3 ,tomato worm mo? natural  
size4     ,,*apt] ,,ix  ,,! ,,firefly   
,?is insect is ( little economic        
importance to u at pres5t b its peculi> 
habit ( produc+ light makes x a v /rik+ 
=m & "o :i* des]ves /udy4 ,! firefly is 
a beetle1 & beg9s to make its appe>ance 
! latt] "p ( ,june :5 ! d>ke/ nights may
 be "o solid gl[ ( fire4 ,!y live l>gely
 9 damp places & bottoms at night are   
speck$ ) _! t9y fla%es ( light4 ,! l>val
 or grub /age is pass$ on ! gr\nd b5ea? 
grass1 we$s & rubbi% :]e !y (t5 prey ^u 
o!r insects4 ,9 "s cases ! grubs may be 
able to produce light ?\gh z a rule !   
lum9\s grub-l creature or gl[-worm is a 
w+less adult firefly4   ,,obs]vations   
,,& ,,/udies  ,wat* = ! fir/ appe>ance (
 ! fireflies 9 ! ev5+ & see :]e !y come 
f4 ,d !y all appe> at once or only a few
 at fir/8 ,d !y fly fa/8 ,h[ (t5 is !   
light produc$8 ,w !y produce ! light    
:ile on ! gr\nd8 ,:5 !y fly d !y /ay ne>

 ! gr\nd or high 9 ! air8 ,d !y light 9 
trees8  ,illu/ration3 ,firefly beetles  
on s\r-dock leaf4  ,cat* "o ( !         
fireflies 9 y\r hat & exam9e x c>efully4
 ,h[ l>ge is x8 ,describe briefly its   
size1 %ape & color4 ,are its w+ cov]s   
h>d l o!r beetles8 ,:]e is ! light      
produc$8 ,:at color is ! light8 ,is x   
bright8 ,hold ! firefly on ! opposite   
side ( a %eet ( pap] & see if ! light w 
%[ ?r\gh4 ,try ! same ) y\r hat1 coat   
sleeve & o!r objects4 ,?is light is     
extremely p5etrat+ & unlike ! light ( a 
lamp is produc$ ) ! g5]ation ( v little 
heat4 ,w x cont9ue to fla% :ile y hold  
x8 ,are ! segm5ts f :i* ! light comes ! 
same color z ! o!r segm5ts ( ! body8    
,cru% ! tip ( ! body betwe5 y\r ?umb &  
f+] & see if ! light cont9ues to appe>4 
,h[ long does x la/8 ,collect a numb] ( 
! fireflies & put !m 9 a bottle & see if
 ! light is /rong en\gh to enable y to  
read4  ,! firefly has prov5 to u t our  
me?ods ( produc+ light are extremely    
wa/eful s9ce mu* ( ! en]gy is lo/ 9 heat

 & x is possible t ?r\gh ! lesson ( !   
firefly we may "s day be able to produce
 bett] light at less exp5se4            
,illu/ration3 ,l[] surface ( firefly    
beetle enl>g$ to %[ ! light produc+     
segm5ts ( ! abdom54     ,,*apt] ,x  ,,! 
,,:ite ,,grub ,,or ,,june-,,bug         
,illu/ration3 ,:ite grub fe$+ on roots (
 corn plant1 enl>g$4  ,?is insect is m  
famili> to c\ntry *ildr5 9 ! grub /age4 
,e "o :o has foll[$ a pl[ 9 ri* sod l&  
has se5 ^! fat1 :ite coil$ grubs roll   
d[n into ! furr[ :5 ! pl[ turns !m up4  
,!y are 9 ! gr\nd fe$+ on ! roots (     
plants4 ,(t5 all ! roots ( grass 9 lawns
 & mead[s are eat5 (f & ! sod dies & c  
be roll$ up l /rips ( c>pet4 ,?is insect
 bre$s l>gely 9 sod & :5 ?is is pl[$ "u 
& o!r crops are plant$ ! grubs may      
injure !m sev]ely4 ,corn1 :eat1 oats &  
truck crops are sev]ely injur$4 ,9 "s   
cases ! grubs may fe$ = ?ree ye>s be=e  
!y *ange to ! pupa & lat] to ! adult    
beetle4 ,to control ?is pe/1 pl[ 9 !    
fall & rotate crops1 s t sod w n rema9  

on ! same l& too long4  ,illu/ration3   
,june beetle %[+ /ages ( developm5t4 ,! 
l>va or grub worm is fe$+ on roots "u   
gr\nd2 ! pupa & adult are %[n above     
gr\nd4  ,! beetles come f ! gr\nd or may
 be pl[$ out 9 ,may & ,june & are       
commonly spok5 ( z ,may-beetles or      
,june-bugs4 ,!y are usually ( a         
yell[i%-br[n color & are (t5 tr\blesome 
com+ into ! h\se at night :]e !y buzz   
ab\t ! light1 bump+ into ev]y?+ until !y
 f9ally drop heavily to ! floor4 ,all   
c\ntry boys & girls "k ^! beetles4      
,,obs]vations ,,& ,,/udies  ,collect a  
numb] ( ! grubs f ! gr\nd & exam9e !m = 
legs1 eyes & m\?4 ,h[ _m legs h !y8 ,c y
 f9d eyes8 ,:at use w\ld !y h = eyes    
:ile 9 ! gr\nd8 ,d !y bite8 ,place !m on
 ! table & see h[ !y move4 ,:at color   
are !y8 ,d y f9d sp9es or hair on _!    
bodies8 ,pull up a little grass by !    
roots & put x 9 a jelly tumbl] ) soil & 
put "s ( ! grubs 9 ) x4 ,wat] x s z to  
keep x gr[+ & foll[ ! developm5t ( !    
grubs4  ,collect "s ( ! beetles & put !m

 9 a bottle & wat* !m crawl ab\t4 ,:]e  
are _! w+s8 ,h[ c !y get !m out :5 !y   
want to fly8 ,h[ _m legs h !y8 ,exam9e !
 tip ( ! feet = hooks4 ,:at are ^! us$  
=8 ,c !y *ew leaves8 ,:]e are _! eyes8  
,d y f9d feel]s & if s :]e8  ,write a   
%ort description ( ! grub & ! beetle &  
make c>eful draw+s ( !m4     ,,*apt]    
,,xi  ,,! ,,colorado ,,potato ,,beetle  
,?is is "o ( ! wor/ pe/s ( ! potato4 ,z 
! "n w\ld imply x came orig9ally f      
,colorado b is common n[ all ov] !      
c\ntry4 ,! full gr[n insect is %ort &   
?ick ) a h>d %ell1 /rip$ ) yell[ &      
black4 ,! grubs1 on ! o!r h&1 are s(t & 
r$ or orange ) black spots4 ,bo? ! grubs
 & ! beetles fe$ on potatoes & (t5      
completely /rip !m ( _! leaves4 ,s9ce !y
 fe$ on foliage !y c be v quickly       
de/roy$ by du/+ or spray+ ! plants ) a  
poison su* z ,p>is gre5 or ars5ate (    
lead4 ,! pat*es ( yell[ or r$di% eggs   
are f\nd mo/ly on ! "u side ( ! potato  
leaves4 ,:5 ! fat grubs are full-f$ !y g
 into ! gr\nd & *ange to pupae & lat] to

 ! /rip$ beetles4 ,?is pe/ %\ld n be    
mi/ak5 = ! s-call$ old-fa%ion$ potato   
beetles :i* are long & sl5d] & ei!r     
blui% grey 9 color or /rip$ ) yell[ &   
black4 ,^! are bli/] beetles & are      
entirely diff]5t4   ,,obs]vations ,,&   
,,/udies  ,wat* = ! fir/ appe>ance ( !  
adult beetles 9 ! spr+ :5 ! potatoes are
 j beg9n+ to come up4 ,!y pass ! w9t] "u
 gr\nd & 9 ! spr+ come out ready to lay 
eggs on ! "y potatoes4 ,collect & exam9e
 ! adults4 ,h[ _m /ripes h !y8 ,collect 
packets ( eggs & c\nt !m4 ,h[ _m eggs 9 
mo/ packets8 ,h[ are !y atta*$ to !     
leaf8 ,h[ l>ge are ! grubs :5 !y hat* f 
! egg8 ,exam9e ! grubs :]e !y are fe$+  
on potatoes4 ,d !y eat holes ?r\gh !    
leaf1 or d !y eat away ! entire leaf8   
,h[ fa/ d !y gr[8 ,collect a few 9 a    
glass tumbl]4 ,fe$ !m & wat* !m gr[4    
,:at d !y d :5 y t\* !m8 ,:at does ! h>d
 back$ beetle d :5 x is t\*$8 ,collect  
"s ( ! l>ge grubs ) tightly /uff$ bodies
 & put !m 9 a j> ) dirt or s& & see :]e 
!y g4 ,aft] a week dig !m out & see :at 

!y look l4  ,illu/ration3 ,! ,colorado  
potato beetle %[+ /ages ( developm5t &  
"w on a potato plant4 ,note ! small pat*
 ( eggs & diff]5t siz$ grub on ! plant &
 ! grub1 pupa & adult at side4  ,write a
 %ort description ( ! eggs1 grubs &     
beetle1 its "w & means ( kill+ x :5 x is
 fe$+ on potatoes4 ,make c>eful draw+s (
 a clu/] ( eggs1 ! grub & ! beetle4     
,,*apt] ,,xii  ,,! ,,lady-,,beetle      
,hurt no liv+ ?+3     ,ladybird1 nor    
butt]fly1     ,nor mo? ) du/y w+1       
,nor cricket *irp+ *e]ily1     ,nor     
gras%opp] s light ( leap1     ,nor danc+
 gnat1 nor beetle fat1     ,nor h>mless 
worms t creep4                          
--,,*ri/9a ,,rossetti4   ,! lady-beetles
 comprise "o family ( small beetles1 :i*
 is fam\s = ! numb] ( b5eficial =ms x   
includes4 ,) b two exceptions ! ,am]ican
 =ms fe$ ^u o!r insects1 9 mo/ cases    
pe/s su* z plant-lice & scale insects4  
,f ! "t !y hat* f ! egg until !y pupate 
& aga9 aft] ! beetle /age is rea*$ !y   
are regul> tig]s aft] plant-lice4 ,!y   

cat* & hold _! prey betwe5 ! front feet 
:ile !y dev\r x bodily4 ,! l>va ( !     
lady-beetle has an a/oni%+ capacity = 9 
"o day x w eat sev]al times its own     
weight ( plant-lice4 ,f>m]s & fruit     
gr[]s c\ld h>dly get along )\t ! help ( 
^! small beetles & yet un=tunately ?\s&s
 are (t5 de/roy$ by ^? :o d n "k ( _!   
b5eficial "w4  ,illu/ration3 ,! spott$  
lady-beetle2 a1 l>va2 b1 pupa2 c1 adult2
 enl>g$4 7,aft] ,*itt5d51 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4
 ,agri47  ,! lady-beetles1 or lady-birds
 z !y are (t5 call$1 are fairly uni=m 9 
%ape & color4 ,!y are oval or r\nd 9    
outl9e ) ! back r\nd$ or elevat$ & !    
und]side flat4 ,9 color !y are usually  
ei!r orange or yell[1 *eck]$ or blot*$ )
 black or black ) yell[ or bright orange
 m>k+s4 ,!y closely resemble small      
tortoises4 ,un=tunately sev]al plant    
fe$+ beetles are simil> 9 %ape & color  
:i* ca/s reflections on ! lady-beetles4 
,illu/ration3 ,! conv]g5t lady-beetle2  
a1 adult2 b1 pupa2 c1 l>va2 all enl>g$4 
7,aft] ,*itt5d51 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agri47 

,! grub ( ! lady-beetle is usually black
 or dull color$ ) r$ or yell[ m>k+s :i* 
make x v conspicu\s4 ,x runs ab\t ov]   
foliage & is broad 9 front & tap]s to a 
po9t beh9d4 ,:5 ! grub is full f$ x     
atta*es ! top ( its body to a leaf1 twig
 or o!r object & pupates4 ,9 ! pupal    
/age x is (t5 protect$ ) sp9es & is able
 to lift ! front end ( ! body up & d[n  
:5 di/urb$1 produc+ a light tapp+ s\nd4 
,! lady-beetle usually hides 9 rubbi%   
ab\t ! base ( trees or 9 "s cases ev5   
ent] homes = ! w9t] mon?s1 com+ out ) ! 
spr+ to deposit small masses ( oval     
yell[ or orange eggs on plants infe/$ ) 
lice4 ,!y bre$ rapidly & ) ! help (     
p>asites & o!r b5eficial insects usually
 control ! plant-lice pe/s4             
,,obs]vations ,,& ,,/udies  ,exam9e ab\t
 fruit trees1 %ade trees1 truck crops & 
9 :eat fields = ! brightly m>k$ beetles4
 ,wat* !m move ab\t ! plant 9 se>* (    
food4 ,c !y fly8 ,d y f9d !m eat+ !     
leaves8 ,d y f9d any gre5 lice ne> !m8  
,see if !y fe$ on ^! lice4 ,exam9e also 

= ! s(t bodi$1 tig]-l grubs4 ,d !y eat !
 lice8 ,d !y travel fa/8 ,h !y w+s8 ,see
 if y c f9d any ( ! pupae atta*$ to     
limbs or twigs & if s1 tickle !m ) a    
/raw or a p5cil & see !m b[4 ,keep a    
record ( ! diff]5t trees & plants on :i*
 y f9d lady-beetles4  ,collect sev]al ( 
! beetles & ! grubs & keep !m 9 a bottle
 or jelly glass4 ,leave !m )\t food = a 
day & !n give !m "s gre5 plant-lice &   
wat* !m dev\r ! lice4 ,h[ _m lice c "o  
eat 9 a day8 ,h[ d !y g ab\t dev\r+ a   
l\se8 ,d !y simply suck out ! blood1 or 
is ! l\se completely dev\r$8 ,suppos+ t 
= ea* apple tree 9 ,miss\ri !re are "o  
hundr$ lady-beetles & t ea* beetle      
dev\rs fifte5 lice 9 a day1 does x n    
seem wor? :ile protect+ !m & enc\rag+   
su* "w8 ,a little "t sp5t 9 acqua9t+    
"o's self ) ! good "w ( su* =ms z ^! w  
help greatly 9 ! fight on our insect    
foes4 ,make draw+s ( & describe briefly 
! diff]5t /ages ( ! lady-beetles4       
,,*apt] ,,xiii  ,,! ,,dragon-,,fly      
,:at *ild is !re t is n famili> ) !     

insect commonly kn[n z ! dragon-fly1    
snake doctor or snake fe$]8 ,e lov] ( ! 
/ream or pond has se5 ^! m9iature       
a]oplanes d>t+ n[ "h1 n[ !re b ev]      
retrac+ _! airy flight along ! wat]'s   
edge or dipp+ 9 a sudd5 nose dive to    
skim its v surface4 ,at times x is se5  
to re/ lazily1 w+s out-/ret*$1 p]*$ on  
"s project+ re$ or o!r object4 ,b :5    
approa*$ h[ sudd5ly x takes (f & is out 
( rea*4 ,! dragon-fly is an almo/ p]fect
 model ( ! mod]n monoplane4 ,its two    
long w+s on ei!r side are ! planes1 its 
head ! nose1 its ?orax ! fuselage & its 
long project+ abdom5 ! tail or rudd]4   
,on w+ ! dragon-fly is "o ( ! swifte/ & 
mo/ p[]ful insects4 ,! dragon-flies are 
f\nd all ov] ! _w be+ mo/ abundant 9 !  
w>m] regions :]e ra9fall & bodies ( wat]
 are abundant4 ,= bre$+ !y require wat]1
 _! immature /ages liv+ "u wat] fe$+ on 
aquatic animal life4 ,our pres5t ord] ( 
dragon-flies is ! rema9s ( an anci5t    
race ( insects ( imm5se size4 ,f fossil 
rema9s we le>n t anci5t dragon-flies _h 

a w+ expanse ( ?ree feet4  ,illu/ration3
 ,ca/ (f sk9 ( dragon-fly nymph1 %[+    
%ape & position tak5 on a twig :5 !     
adult w+$ =m em]g$ f ! la/ nymph /age4  
,! dragon-fly is a b5eficial insect     
?ru\t life4 ,! "y fe$ on mosquito       
wiggl]s & simil> life 9 ponds & /reams  
:ile ! adults d>t "h & !re ov] ponds1   
fields or lawn cat*+ mosquitoes & o!r   
w+$ insects4 ,_m look ^u ! dragon-fly z 
a dang]\s /++ insect b x is entirely    
h>mless & c be h&l$ )\t ! lea/ dang]4   
,!y v>y greatly 9 size & appe>ance4 ,!  
s-call$ damsel-flies =m a gr\p (        
dragon-flies or ,odonata :i* re/ ) ! w+s
 9 a v]tical position & ! "y aquatic    
/ages are m sl5d]4 ,9 color m>k+s       
dragon-flies include all hues ( ! ra9b[ 
?o z a rule !y d n h su* extravagant    
colors z ! butt]flies4  ,illu/ration3   
,"o ( our common dragon-flies f\nd ab\t 
ponds & /reams4   ,,obs]vations ,,&     
,,field ,,/udies  ,g into ! fields &    
/udy & collect ! diff]5t k9ds (         
dragon-flies & _! "y /ages f ! bottoms (

 ponds4 ,h[ swiftly c !y fly8 ,d !y fly 
high 9 ! air z well z ne> ! wat] or     
surface ( ! e>?8 ,c y see !m cat* o!r   
insects8 ,d birds cat* !m & eat !m8     
,take a position along ! edge ( a pond &
 z !y come fly+ by sw+ swiftly ) y\r net
 & cat* "o4 ,exam9e x c>efully4 ,note ! 
/r5g? ( ! long1 sl5d] w+s ) _! lace-l   
network ( ve9s4 ,measure ! di/ance      
across ! back f tip to tip ( w+s4       
,comp>e ?is ) ! l5g? f tip ( head to !  
tip ( ! abdom54 ,exam9e ! head ) its    
l>ge comp\nd eyes & ! *ew+ m\? p>ts4    
,note ! /rong ?orax :i* is fill$ )      
muscles to op]ate ! w+s 9 flight4 ,h[ _m
 segm5ts are !re to ! abdom58  ,) ! h&s 
or ) a bucket dip up a quantity ( mud & 
tra% f ! bottom ( a pond & pile x on !  
bank4 ,z ! wat] soaks away wat* = signs 
( life 9 ! mass4 ,if y f9d a few small  
creatures1 say half an in* long ) l>ge  
head & eyes1 broad body & ) six r long  
legs !y are probably ! nymph /ages (    
dragon-flies4 ,wa% ! mud (f ( !m s t y c
 exam9e !m c>efully4 ,) a /raw probe 9 !

 m\? & y w f9d t ! l[] lip is a long    
elb[$ /ructure :i* c be sudd5ly ?r[n out
 9 front ( x & ) a pair ( p9*]-l prongs 
at ! tip x c cat* & hold its prey4 ,"s  
=ms keep _! bodies cov]$ ) mud s t !y c 
sl[ly creep up close to _! prey4        
,collect sev]al nymphs & keep !m 9 a j> 
( wat] & /udy _! movem5ts & fe$+ habits4
 ,di/urb "o ) a p5cil or /raw & see h[ x
 d>ts =w>d4 ,x has a wat] *amb] 9 ! l>ge
 inte/9es1 includ+ also ! respiratory   
tra*eal gills1 f :i* ! wat] c be sudd5ly
 squirt$ :i* ?r[s ! insect =w>d4 ,!     
escap+ /ream ( wat] =ces ! insect =w>d  
on ! same pr9ciple z ! rotat+ lawn      
spr9kl]4 ,if y collect "s almo/ mature  
nymphs & keep !m = a "t 9 a vessel (    
wat] y may see !m crawl out ( ! wat]1 %$
 _! sk9 & *ange to w+$ adults4 ,collect 
a few adults ( diff]5t species = p9n+ 9 
y\r p]man5t collection4     ,,*apt]     
,,xiv  ,,! ,,squa% ,,bug   ,?is common  
blacki% or e>?-color$ bug is usually    
call$ ! squa% /9k-bug4 ,x has a v       
disagreeable odor :i* gives x ?is "n4   

,:5 di/urb$ x ?r[s (f f sc5t gl&s a     
small quantity ( an oily sub/ance :i*   
produces ?is odor4 ,?is is a protection 
to x = few birds or animals c>e to fe$  
on x4 ,mo/ species ( sap or blood suck+ 
true bugs h a simil> protect+ odor4  ,! 
squa% bug fe$s l>gely on squa% &        
pumpk9s4 ,x has a sl5d] beak ) ne$le-l  
m\? p>ts :i* are /uck into ! plant =    
extract+ ! sap4 ,x fe$s only on plant   
sap4 ,:5 x c n get squa% or pumpk9s x w 
fe$ on wat]melons1 muskmelons & relat$  
crops4 ,x is v de/ructive to ^! crops4  
,x n only extracts sap ?us weak5+ !     
plant b x also seems to poison ! plant  
:ile fe$+4 ,9 ?is way its bite injures !
 plant some?+ l ! effects ( ! b$-bug's  
bite on our fle%4 ,x fe$s fir/ on !     
leaves & v9es (t5 kill+ !m 9 a few days4
 ,lat] x may clu/] & fe$ on ! unripe    
squa%es or pumpk9s 9 su* numb]s z to    
completely cov] !m4 ,e c\ntry boy or    
girl has se5 ^! /9k+ bugs on pumpk9s 9 !
 corn field1 at corn cutt+ "t 9 ! fall4 
,illu/ration3 ,pumpk9 9 field cov]$ )   

adults & nymphs ( squa% /9k-bug4  ,!    
squa% bug lives ?ru ! w9t] z ! matur$   
w+$ insect4 ,x flies f its food plant to
 w9t] qu>t]s late 9 ! fall4 ,= w9t]     
protection x may ent] build+s1 hide "u  
%+les on ro(s1 crawl into piles ( lumb]1
 "u b>k ( dead trees or /umps or hide "u
 any simil> protection4 ,:5 its *os5    
food crops beg9 to come up 9 ! spr+ x   
leaves its w9t] home & flies 9 se>* (   
food4 ,aft] fe$+ = a "t ! female lays   
pat*es ( oval1 flatt5$1 gold-color$ eggs
 set on edge4 ,:5 fir/ deposit$ ! eggs h
 a pale color b 9 a %ort "t ! gold5     
color appe>s4 ,9 "s cases only ?ree or  
f\r eggs may be f\nd 9 "o pat* :ile aga9
 !re may be tw5ty or ?irty ( !m4 ,!y are
 s brightly color$ t !y c easily be se5 
& mo/ boys & girls h se5 !m on ! leaves 
( squa%es or pumpk9s4  ,illu/ration3    
,clu/] ( gold5-br[n eggs ( squa% /9k-bug
 %[+ two rec5tly hat*$ nymphs4  ,9 a few
 days aft] !y are laid !y hat* & out (  
ea* crawls a small1 long-legg$ blacki%  
or gre5i% "y bug call$ ! nymph4 ,^!     

little fell[s usually /ay 9 a cr[d hid+ 
on ! "u side ( a leaf4 ,aft] fe$+ = a "t
 _! leaf beg9s to turn yell[ & soon     
dies4 ,!n !y move to a new leaf4 ,z !y  
fe$ !y gr[ rapidly & aft] %$d+ _! sk9s  
!y *ange to ! second nymph /age4 ,?is   
%$d+ ( _! sk9s or molt+ occurs five     
times be=e !y mature4 ,( c\rse ea* "t   
be=e ! old sk9 or suit ( clo!s is       
disc>d$ a new "o is develop$ b5ea?4 ,!  
females may cont9ue to deposit eggs =   
lat] clu/]s ( "y4 ,!y become mo/        
abundant on ! crop late 9 ! fall4 ,j    
be=e cold wea!r sets 9 ! adults aga9    
seek w9t] %elt]4  ,?is is a v difficult 
insect to control4 ,s9ce x fe$s on      
liquid sap only x is impossible to kill 
x by spray+ ! crop ) a poison su* z     
ars5ate ( lead4 ,x c n *ew & swall[ su* 
poison4 ,! "y c be kill$ fairly well ) a
 spray or du/ conta9+ nicot9e b su*     
treatm5ts are n effective aga9/ ! adults
 or ne>ly mature nymphs4 ,a bett] me?od 
is to de/roy all ! bugs possible 9 !    
fall be=e !y g to ! w9t] protection & !n

 wat* = & de/roy ! adults & ! eggs      
masses 9 ! spr+ :5 !y appe> on ! "y     
crop4 ,if ! fir/ adults & ! eggs & newly
 hat*$ nymphs are de/roy$ ! crop c be   
protect$ aga9/ ! de/ructive "w lat]4    
,,obs]vations ,,& ,,field ,,/udies      
,plant a few squa% hills 9 ! g>d5 9 !   
spr+ & also plant a few se$s 9 ri* dirt 
9 disc>d$ t9 cans or fl[] pots4 ,z !    
spr+ advances & ! squa%es />t to v9e    
wat* = squa% bugs on !m4 ,exam9e 9 piles
 ( lumb]1 /ove wood & "u b>k = "s ( !   
bugs be=e !y come to ! squa% hills4 ,if 
any are f\nd put !m on ! squa% plants 9 
fl[] pots & cov] !m ) a p9t mason fruit 
j>4 ,wat* = eggs to appe> on ! plants & 
also exam9e = eggs on ! squa%es 9 !     
g>d54 ,:5 eggs appe> exam9e !m c>efully1
 measure !m & write a brief description 
( !m4 ,try to ma% !m betwe5 y\r f+]s4   
,:5 !y hat* c>efully /udy ! "y nymph &  
describe x4 ,c y see ! sl5d] beak :i*   
incloses ! m\? p>ts8 ,h[ _m jo9ts are   
!re to ! ant5nae8 ,z ! nymph gr[s wat* x
 %$ its sk94 ,h[ does x d x8 ,:]e does  

its sk9 fir/ crack8 ,save ! ca/ sk9 &   
try to foll[ ! nymph ?ru all ! nymph    
/ages to ! adult4 ,collect a bottle ( ! 
nymphs ( v>y+ sizes f ! g>d54 ,exam9e !m
 & describe ! diff]5t /ages4 ,c y see ! 
w+s =m+ on ! backs ( ! old] nymphs8 ,h[ 
_m small w+ pads are !re8 ,exam9e !     
adult closely & write a c>eful          
description ( x4 ,c y f9d :]e !         
secretion t causes ! odor is produc$8   
,h[ long w ! odor /ay on y\r h&s8 ,c y  
wa% x (f8 ,spread ! w+s ( ! adult & make
 a c>eful draw+ ( "o front & "o h9d w+  
%[+ accurately ! w+ ve9s4 ,9 ! g>d5 try 
to protect all ! hills ( squa% f ! bugs 
except "o or two us$ = y\r /udies4      
,write a brief description ( y\r me?ods 
( control4  ,illu/ration3 ,squa% /9k-bug
 adult & nymph extract+ sap f squa%4    
,,*apt] ,,xv  ,,! ,,plant-,,l\se   ,=   
?is *apt] any common species (          
plant-l\se may be us$4 ,if ! /udy is    
made 9 ! spr+ ! l\se on rose1 apple1    
clov]1 :eat or any o!r crop may be us$4 
,if ! /udy is made 9 ! fall ! species on

 turnips1 corn or o!r plant or crop may 
be select$4 ,! diff]5t species v>y      
greatly b = ^! /udies any available     
species w be satisfactory4  ,!          
plant-l\se or aphis is a sap-suck+      
insect :i* fe$s & multiplies rapidly (t5
 s]i\sly injur+ crops4 ,! loss ( sap    
toge!r ) ! poison+ effect ( ! bite      
causes ! weak5+ ( ! plant or leaf ) its 
ultimate dea? if fe$+ cont9ues4 ,!      
greate/ damage is usually done dur+ cold
 spr+s or dur+ a cool ra9y p]iod4 ,?is  
prev5ts ! enemies ( ! l\se f increas+ & 
attack+ x :ile ! wea!r may n be too     
sev]e to prev5t ! l\se f work+4 ,"u     
favorable climatic conditions ! natural 
enemies ( ! l\se z a rule are able to   
hold x 9 *eck4 ,! pr9cipal enemies ( !  
l\se are c]ta9 small insect fe$+ birds1 
lady-beetles1 syrphid-flies1 lace-w+s & 
t9y wasp p>asites4 ,! b5eficial "w ( !  
lady-beetles is discuss$ 9 an e>li]     
*apt]4 ,! birds & lady-beetles dev\r !m 
bodily1 ! l>vae ( ! lace-w+s &          
syrphid-flies extract _! blood :ile !   

wasps live z int]nal p>asites4  ,9 !    
latitude ( ,miss\ri ! plant-lice z a    
rule live ?ru ! w9t] 9 ! =m ( a f]tile  
egg atta*$ to ! twigs ( trees & %rubs4  
,! w9t] egg is produc$ by a true female 
plant-l\se4 ,z a rule !re is only "o    
g5]ation ( true males & females produc$ 
ea* ye>4 ,?is brood develops late 9 !   
fall to produce ! f]tiliz$ w9t] eggs4 ,9
 ! spr+ ^! eggs hat* & ! t9y nymphs beg9
 to extract sap4 ,on matur+ !y beg9 to  
give bir? to "y lice4 ,?r\gh\t ! summ]  
?is me?od ( reproduction cont9ues4 ,^!  
summ] =ms are kn[n z ! /em mo!rs or     
agamic females4 ,^! are n true females =
 !y produce liv+ "y 9 place ( eggs &    
dur+ ! summ] no male lice are produc$ at
 all4 ,?is is nature's way ( increas+ ! 
race ( plant-lice rapidly4 ,late 9 !    
fall aga9 a brood ( true males & females
 is produc$4 ,dur+ ! summ] ! plant-lice 
increase m rapidly ?an any o!r type (   
insect4  ,illu/ration3 ,black w9t] eggs 
( ,aphis %[+ h[ !y are deposit$ 9 masses
 on twigs ( apple4 7,aft] ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4

 ,agri47  ,plant-lice v>y 9 size1 color 
& g5]al appe>ance4 ,_m are gre5 :ile "s 
are r$ or black or cov]$ ) a cottony    
secretion4   ,,obs]vations ,,& ,,field  
,,/udies  ,plant "s melon1 radi% or o!r 
se$s 9 f]tile soil 9 pots = use 9 ?is   
/udy4 ,:5 lice appe> on crops 9 ! g>d5  
or field1 collect a leaf ) a few on x & 
c>efully transf] !m to ! leaves on y\r  
pott$ plants4 ,wat* ! lice fe$ &        
increase f day to day4 ,a read+ l5s or a
 magnify+ glass w be helpful z          
plant-lice are v small4 ,h[ d !y move   
ab\t8 ,c y c\nt _! legs8 ,h[ _m h !y8 ,c
 y see _! eyes & feel]s8 ,:5 fe$+ obs]ve
 h[ ! beak is press$ aga9/ ! leaf4      
,di/urb "o :ile x is fe$+ & see x       
attempt to loos5 its m\? p>ts4          
,illu/ration3 ,common apple aphis %[+ a 
w+$ & w+less agamic summ] =ms at a & c1 
"o ) w+ pads =m$ at b1 & a rec5tly born 
"y at d4 7,aft] ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agri47  
,9 ! g>d5 exam9e & see if y c f9d       
lady-beetles or o!r p>asites attack+ !  
lice4 ,collect "s ( ! enemies ( ! lice =

 y\r collection4 ,make a gallon (       
tobacco tea by soak+ "o p\nd ( tobacco  
/ems or wa/e tobacco 9 "o gallon ( wat] 
= a day or use "o ounce ( =ty p] c5t    
nicot9e sulphate 9 ?ree gallons ( soap  
suds & spray or spr9kle infe/$ bu%es or 
vegetables ) x4 ,9 an h\r exam9e & see  
:at effect x has _h on ! plant-lice4    
,nicot9e is ! mo/ effective *emical =   
kill+ plant-lice4 ,d any ( ! lice       
develop w+s8 ,if s1 h[ _m8 ,w+s develop 
on "s ( ! lice at times :5 a plant or   
crop becomes too heavily infe/$ by !m4  
,?is enables "s ( ! lice to spread to   
new food plants be=e old plants are     
completely de/roy$ & ! colony ( lice    
/>v$4  ,illu/ration3 ,wooly apple aphis1
 %[+ h[ !y clu/] 9 masses on limbs &    
secrete ! :ite1 wooly protection ov] _! 
bodies4  ,make a c>eful enl>g$ draw+ ( a
 w+$ plant-l\se & a w+less "o %[+ legs1 
feel]s1 beak1 honey dew tubes on back & 
body segm5tation4 ,if ants are se5 to   
att5d ! lice obs]ve !m c>efully &       
describe _! "w4 ,! ants fe$ on a sweet  

honey dew excretion dis*>g$ by ! lice4  
,,*apt] ,,xvi  ,,! ,,honey ,,bee        
,simple & sweet is _! food2 !y eat no   
fle% ( ! liv+4                          
--,,von ,,kuebel4   ,"o c h>dly believe 
t ?is small1 ev] busy creature ea* ye>  
ga!rs _m million doll>s wor? ( products 
= man 9 ?is c\ntry alone to say no?+ (  
its ine/imable value on ! f>m &         
especially 9 ! or*>d1 :]e x assi/s 9    
c>ry+ poll5 f blossom to blossom4 ,x is 
( f> great] value to man z a c>ri] (    
poll5 ?an x is z a honey ga!r] & yet "u 
especially favorable conditions 9 "o ye>
 a /rong colony may produce betwe5      
tw5ty-five & ?irty doll>s wor? ( honey4 
,illu/ration3 ,work]1 que5 & drone honey
 bees2 all ab\t natural size4 7,aft]    
,phillips1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agri47  ,! 
g5]al habits ( ! bee are fairly well    
kn[n by all4 ,!y live 9 colonies consi/+
 l>gely ( work]s1 "o female or que5 &   
males or drones4 ,:5ev] ! numb] ( work]s
 becomes suffici5tly l>ge to w>rant a   
division ( ! colony1 a "y que5 is re>$  

by ! work]s & j be=e %e matures1 ! old  
que5 leaves ) ab\t half ( ! work]s to   
e/abli% a new colony4 ,?is division ( ! 
colony is call$ sw>m+4 ,if a hive1 box  
or o!r acceptable home is n provid$ soon
 aft] ! sw>m comes out & clu/]s1 x may  
fly to ! woods & e/abli%es itself 9 a   
holl[ tree :]e ! regul> "w ( honey ga!r+
 is cont9u$4 ,?is acc\nts = s _m        
bee-trees 9 ! woods4 ,! bee has be5 h&l$
 by man = ages1 b x readily becomes wild
 :5 all[$ to escape to ! woods4         
,illu/ration3 ,/ages ( developm5t (     
honey bee2 a1 egg2 b1 "y grub2 c1       
full-f$ grub2 d1 pupa2 all enl>g$4      
7,aft] ,phillips1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agri47
  ,! bee colony (f]s "o ( ! be/ examples
 to %[ :at c be accompli%$ by unit$ ef=t
 :]e h>mony prevails4 ,c]ta9 ( ! work]s 
ga!r honey1 o!rs are nurses = ! que5 &  
"y brood 9 ! hive1 o!rs gu>d ! hive &   
repel intrud]s1 & o!rs c>e = ! hive by  
m5d+ breaks & provid+ new comb z x is   
ne$$4 ,ea* kn[s its "w & goes ab\t x )\t
 int]f]+ ) ! "w ( o!rs4 ,x is "o huge   

assemblage ( individuals "u "o ro( :]e  
h>mony & indu/ry prevail4  ,?r\gh\t !   
long1 hot summ] days ! work]s are busy f
 daylight until d>k ga!r+ nect>1 :ile at
 night !y =ce curr5ts ( air ?ru ! hive  
to evaporate ! excess wat] f ! nect>4   
,:5 fl[]s are n available ne> ! hive !y 
simply fly until !y f9d !m1 be x "o1 two
 or m miles4 ,z long z !y are able to   
ga!r honey !y cont9ue to d s & :5 !y    
give out !y drop 9 ! field & are =gott51
 o!rs ru%+ to take _! place4 ,(t5 :5    
w9t] is approa*+ & ! /ore ( honey is l[ 
! less vigor\s ones are ca/ out f ! hive
 & left to die4 ,if man c\ld le>n a few 
( ! lessons :i* ! bee tea*es1 he w\ld be
 a bett]1 a m useful & a wis] addition  
to society4   ,,obs]vations ,,& ,,/udies
  ,illu/ration3 ,two colonies ( bees    
poorly c>$ =4 ,note box hives1 cr[d+1   
lack ( %ade1 & high we$s4 ,x is a crime 
to treat bees ?is way4  ,g into ! fields
 & /udy ! "w ( ! bee4 ,foll[ x f fl[] to
 fl[]4 ,see if x visits diff]5t k9ds (  
fl[]s or if x ga!rs its :ole load (     

honey f "o k9d4 ,make a li/ ( all !     
blossoms y f9d bees visit+4 ,does ! bee 
move sl[ly f fl[] to fl[]8 ,c y see x   
?ru/ its tongue into ! fl[]8 ,h[ long   
does x /ay on "o blossom8 ,does x visit 
r$ clov]8 ,pull a r$ clov] blossom ap>t 
& comp>e ! dep? ( ! blossom ) ! l5g? ( !
 honey bee's tongue1 & det]m9e ! reason 
:y x does n visit r$ clov]4 ,!          
bumble-bee has a mu* long] tongue s x c 
get ! nect> f r$ clov] blossoms4 ,)\t ! 
bumble-bee clov] se$ c\ld n be          
successfully gr[n4 ,c y see small balls 
( yell[ poll5 on ! h9d legs ( ! bee8 ,! 
poll5 is collect$ f blossoms & is pa/$  
on to ! outside ( ! h9d legs 9 ! poll5  
basket4 ,:5 ! bee returns to ! hive1 x  
/ores ! small balls ( poll5 9 ! cells ( 
! comb = use lat] 9 ! prep>ation (      
bee-bread4 ,:5 ! bee is di/urb$ 9 !     
field does x fly away or w x /+8 ,:5 x  
/+s does x always lose its /+8 ,:at     
makes ! /+ ( ! bee poison\s8 ,exam9e !  
w+s ( bees 9 ! field & note h[ !y are   
torn f cont9u$ "w ( ga!r+ honey4 ,! old]

 ones (t5 lose s mu* ( _! w+s1 t !y c no
 long] c>ry loads ( honey4 ,:]e is !    
honey c>ri$ & h[ is x plac$ 9 ! honey   
cells 9 ! hive8  ,illu/ration3 ,a /rong 
colony ( bees prop]ly h\s$ & %ad$4 ,?is 
colony 9 a v unfavorable season /or$    
ab\t #ej p\nds ( surplus honey4  ,g n[  
to a hive & /udy ! bees z !y g & come4  
,d ^? return+ fly z fa/ z ^? :i* leave8 
,:y n8 ,:5 !y return d !y come direct to
 ! m\? ( ! hive8 ,d ^? :i* leave fly    
direct f ! hive or circle ab\t fir/8 ,c 
y detect gu>ds :i* move ab\t at !       
entrance ( ! hive8 ,:at happ5s :5 a fly 
or o!r insect alights ne> ! op5+8 ,w !  
bees /+ :5 y di/urb !m ab\t ! hive8 ,if 
possible /udy ! colony inside ! hive4   
,to d ?is y w ne$ smoke to subdue !     
gu>ds & a veil to protect ! face4 ,c y  
f9d ! que58 ,is %e l>g] ?an ! work]s8   
,exam9e = honey-comb1 bee-bread1 work]  
brood1 que5 cells & drone cells4 ,if    
possible /udy ! actions ( a colony :ile 
sw>m+4  ,write a brief report ( :at y c 
le>n ( ! life1 "w & habits ( ! honey    

bee4         99       99       99       
99       99      ,happy insect1 :at c be
       ,9 happ9ess comp>$ to !e8     ,f$
 ) n\ri%m5t div9e1       ,! dewy morn+'s
 g5tle w9e6      ,nature waits ^u !e    
/ill1       ,& ?y v]dant cup does fill2 
',tis fill$ :]ev] ?\ doe/ tread         
,nature's self ?y ,ganym$e4      ,?\    
doe/ dr9k & dance & s+1       ,happi]   
?an ! happie/ k+6     ,all ! fields :i* 
?\ doe/ see1       ,all ! plants belong 
to !e1     ,all ! summ] h\rs produce1   
,f]tile made ) e>ly juice1     ,man = !e
 does s[ & pl\gh1       ,f>m] he1 &     
l&lord ?\4                              
--,f ,,! ,,greek ,,( ,,anacreon4        
,,*apt] ,,xvii  ,,! ,,ant   ,! ants are 
closely relat$ to ! bees & are simil> to
 !m 9 _m respects4 ,!y live 9 colonies  
consi/+ ( work]s1 drones1 & a que54 ,!  
males or drones appe> at sw>m+ "t & !   
work]s are divid$ into v>i\s            
ca/es--w>riors1 gu>ds1 nurses1 etc4 ,^? 
families ( ants1 h[ev]1 :i* seem to h   
:at approa*es real intellig5ce1 f>      

out/rip ! bees 9 _m respects4 ,9 "s     
cases ants seem to be able to plan &    
c>ry out l9es ( "w v mu* ! same z man   
does4 ,! v>i\s /ages ( human intellig5ce
 or races ( m5 f ! savage to !          
intellig5t man are 9 a way simil> to !  
v>i\s races ( ants4 ,!re are ants :i*   
live z hunt]s1 o!rs :i* live z %eph]ds &
 /ill o!rs m highly develop$ :i* gr[    
crops ei!r 9 or ne> ! ne/ z is ! case ) 
! fungus gr[+ ants4 ,?is /rik+ simil>ity
 betwe5 ! developm5t ( ants & man (f]s  
gr\nd = mu* speculation4  ,illu/ration3 
,ant hill %[+ activity & /ages (        
developm5t2 a1 egg2 b1 "y grub2 c1 pupa2
 d1 work]2 e1 que5 ) w+s2 f1 work] c>ry+
 "y grub2 all enl>g$4 ,! ant hill &     
work]s at "w mu* r$uc$4  ,"s ants may be
 ( consid]able value to man :ile o!rs   
are ! s\rce ( great annoyance & injury4 
,! tidy h\sewife usually places ! ant 9 
! same category ) cockroa*es & b$-bugs &
 ! corn gr[]s attribute mu* ( ! injury  
to "y corn to ! "w ( ! small cornfield  
ant :i* acts z a %eph]d ( ! corn        

root-l\se4 ,ants are usually m          
de/ructive by protect+ & c>+ = o!r pe/s 
?an by attack+ ! crop direct4  ,e c\ntry
 *ild is famili> ) ants4 ,!y are met e  
day dur+ ! summ]1 scamp]+ across pa?s1  
tugg+ at "s un=tunate insect1 or /ick+  
to "o's tongue :5 he eats b]ries4 ,ants 
are z num]\s z ! />s 9 ! skies & v>y 9  
size4 ,!y are f\nd f ! tropics to !     
froz5 nor?1 9 des]ts1 swamps & 9 fact1  
almo/ any place :]e plants or animals   
live4 ,!y d n wa/e "t build+ or         
manufactur+ a complicat$ ne/ l wasps &  
bees1 s :5 food is sc>e1 or = o!r       
reasons !y ne$ to move !y simply pack up
 & migrate4 ,?is1 toge!r ) ! fact t !y  
fe$ on almo/ e imag9able k9d ( plant &  
animal mat]ial1 acc\nts 9 "p = ! fact t 
!y are ! rul]s ( ! insect _w4   ,,/udies
 ,,& ,,obs]vations  ,x is easy to /udy !
 out-door life ( ants1 b x is mo/       
difficult to foll[ _! activities 9 !    
ne/4 ,g into ! field or out on ! s*ool  
gr\nds & wat* along pa?s or b>e spots = 
ants4 ,soon r$ or black fell[s w be se5 

hurry+ along aft] food2 ants are always 
9 a hurry :5 !y are aft] food4 ,foll[ !m
 & wat* !m cat* & c>ry home small       
insects4 ,if !y d n f9d worms or o!r    
small insects1 drop a small cat]pill>   
ne> "o ( !m & see :at happ5s4 ,c !y drag
 away a cat]pill> z l>ge z !mselves8 ,"s
 ( !m may be aft] honey dew1 fruit juice
 or o!r mat]ial ( ?is nature & !y %\ld  
be obs]v$ collect+ x4 ,ants collect ab\t
 plants or %rubs :i* are ov]run ) gre5  
lice1 & fe$ on a sweet liquid :i* ! lice
 produce4 ,wat* !m collect ! honey dew f
 ! lice4 ,d !y injure ! lice8 ,c y see !
 two %ort tubes on ! back ( ! l\se8     
,locate an ant ne/ or hill4 ,obs]ve !   
work]s c>ry+ out small pellets ( e>? or 
gravels4 ,is ! e>? !y br+ out ! same    
color z ! surface soil8 ,h[ deep may !y 
g to get x8 ,d !y move ab\t z if !y 7 9 
a hurry8 ,:o s5ds !m out ) ! e>?8 ,:y d 
!y br+ x out8 ,is x dropp$ z soon z !   
ant comes out ( ! hole or is x c>ri$ "s 
di/ance8 ,! small ant f\nd along pa?s   
usually makes a small ridge all ! way   

ar\nd ! entrance4 ,:ile "s ( ! ants are 
mak+ ! ne/1 o!rs are collect+ food4     
,wat* = "s ( ^! & see :at !y br+4 ,d !y 
/op to eat be=e go+ d[n into ! ne/8 ,dig
 into a l>ge ant hill & see :at c be    
f\nd4 ,describe briefly :at is f\nd4 ,d 
y f9d any small s(t grubs & oval        
cocoons8 ,^! are ! "y ants & !y are     
p]fectly helpless & mu/ be f$1 ba!d &   
c>$ = by ! work]s or nurses4 ,! work]s  
pick ^! up betwe5 _! p9*]s & c>ry !m    
away :5 ! ne/ is di/urb$4 ,d ! work]s   
fight to protect ! ne/8 ,collect "s ( ! 
work]s :i* are c>ry+ away ! "y & keep !m
 9 a j> ) bits ( b>k & see :at !y d ) ! 
"y4  ,describe briefly :at y are able to
 f9d out ab\t ant life & behavior2 also 
make draw+s ( an ant1 ! "y & a ne/4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,a p5sy ant1 "r trig & clean1     ,came 
ae day :idd+ o'er ! gre51     ,:]e1 to  
advance h] pride1 %e saw     ,a         
,cat]pill>1 mov+ slaw4     ',good ev'n  
t' ye1 ,mi/ress ,ant1' said he2         
',h['s a' at home8 ,i'm bly? to s' ye6' 

,! saucy ant view'd him wi' scorn1      
,nor wad civilities return2     ,b geck+
 up h] head1 quo? %e1     ',poor animal6
 ,i pity !e2     ,:a sc>ce c claim to be
 a creature1     ,b "s exp]im5t ,o'     
,nature1     ,:ase silly %ape displeas$ 
h] eye1     ,& ?us unf9i%$ 0 flung bye4 
,= me1 ,i'm made wi' bett] grace1       
,wi' active limbs & lively face2     ,& 
clev]ely c move wi' ease     ,frae place
 to place :]e'er ,i please2     ,c foot 
a m9uet or jig1     ,& snoov't l ony    
:irly-gig2     ,:i* g>s my jo aft grip  
my h&1     ,till 8 he>t pitty-pattys1   
&--     ,b laigh my qualities ,i br+1   
,to /& up cla%+ wi' a ?+1     ,a creep+ 
?+ ! l o' !e1     ,n wor?y o' a f>ewell 
to' ye6'     ,! airy ,ant syne turn$    
awa1     ,& left him wi' a pr\d gaffa4  
,! ,cat]pill> 0 /ruck dumb1     ,& nev] 
answ]$ h] a mum3     ,! humble reptile  
f& "s pa91     ,?us to be bant]$ wi'    
disda94     ,b t5t nei/ "t ! ,ant came  
by1     ,! worm 0 gr[n a ,butt]fly2     
,transp>5t 7 8 w+s & fair1     ,:i* b>e 

him flight'r+ ?r\gh ! air4     ,^u a    
fl[] he /apt 8 flight1     ,& ?9k+ on 8 
=m] slight1     ,?us to ! ,ant himself  
addre/3     ',pray1 ,madam1 w ye please 
to re/8     ,& notice :at ,i n[ advise3 
,inf]iors ne'er too mu* despise1     ,= 
=tune may gie sic a turn1     ,to raise 
aboon ye :at ye scorn3     ,= in/ance1  
n[ ,i spread my w+     ,9 air1 :ile y're
 a creep+ ?+6'                          
--,,allan ,,ramsay4     ,transcrib]'s   
,note3      ,m9or typographical errors h
 be5 correct$ )\t note4     ,punctuation
 has be5 normalis$4 ,dialect1 in=mal &  
v>iant     spell+s rema9 z pr9t$4       
,hyph5ation discrepancies 9 !           
illu/ration captions h be5 am5d$ to mat*
 ! ma9 text4