---------------------------------------- ------- ,,works ,,on ,,economics1 ,,sociology1 ,,etc4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,adam ,,smi?',s ,weal? ( ,nations4 ,cond5s$ edition1 ) preface & introductions by ,hector ,mac,pherson4 #abmo1 #a4jj net4 ,,fr$]ic ,c4 ,,h[e',s ,taxation & ,taxes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #abmo1 #a4ge4 ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely',s ,! ,com+ ,city4 #fj c5ts net4 ,social ,aspects ( ,*ri/ianity4 #ij c5ts4 ,socialism & ,social ,re=m4 #abmo1 #a4ej4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,le ,,rossignol',s ,or?odox ,socialism4 #abmo1 #a4jj net4 ,/ate ,socialism 9 ,new ,zeal&4 #abmo1 #a4ej net4 ,,b]nh>d ,e4 ,,f]n[',s ,economics ( ,=e/ry4 #abmo1 #a4ej net4 ,,fr$]ick ,h4 ,,newell',s ,irrigation4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo1 #b4jj net4 ,,amos ,g4 ,,w>n]',s ,am]ican ,*>ities4 ,new edition1 revis$ & enl>g$4 #abmo1 #b4jj net4 ,,fr$]ick ,h4 ,,w9es' ,puni%m5t & ,re=mation4 ,revis$ edition4 #abmo1 #a4ge net4 ,,?omas ,,travis' ,! ,"y ,malefactor4 ,introduction by ,hon4 ,b5 ,b4 ,l9dsey4 ,revis$ edition4 #abmo1 #a4ej net4 ,,william ,p4 ,,tr5t',s ,s\!rn ,/atesm5 ( ! ,old ,regime4 ,) portraits4 #abmo1 #a4ge4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,?omas ,y4 ,,cr[ell ,,company ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,! ,,deaf ,,_! ,,position ,,9 ,,society ,,& ,,! ,,provision ,,= ,,_! ,,education ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,by ,,h>ry ,,be/ ,,new ,,york ,,?omas ,y4 ,,cr[ell ,,company ,,publi%]s ,,copyright1 #aiad1 ,,by ,,h>ry ,,be/4 ,publi%$ ,april1 #aiad4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,m9or typographical errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,significant corrections h be5 li/$ at ! end ( ! text4 ,! oe ligature has be5 transcrib$ z oe4 ,,to ,,! ,,deaf ,,( ,,! ,,l& ,,& ,,to ,,^? ,,:o ,,love ,,!m ,,=eword ,! aim ( ! pres5t /udy is to asc]ta9 z f> z possible ! /&+ ( ! deaf1 or1 z !y are s (t5 call$1 ! deaf & dumb1 9 society 9 ,am]ica1 & to exam9e ! treatm5t t has be5 accord$ to !m--to pres5t an acc\nt ( an elem5t ( ! population ( :om little is g5]ally kn[n4 ,9 ?is ef=t reg>d is _h n only to ! int]e/s ( ! deaf !mselves1 b also1 ) ! gr[+ conc]n 9 social problems1 to ! fix+ ( a /atus = !m 9 ! doma9 ( ! social sci5ces4 ,9 o!r words1 ! design may be said to be to set =? respect+ ! deaf some?+ ( :at ! social economi/ t]ms a survey1 or1 z x may m popul>ly be describ$1 to tell ! /ory ( '! deaf & dumb4' ,! mat]ial employ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! "w has be5 collect$ f v>i\s docum5ts1 & f n a little p]sonal correspond5ce3 f ! reports & o!r publications ( s*ools = ! deaf1 ( organizations int]e/$ 9 ! deaf1 ( /ate *>ities1 education or o!r dep>tm5ts1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates bureaus ( education & ( ! c5sus2 f ! proce$+s ( bodies int]e/$ 9 ! education ( ! deaf1 ( organizations compos$ ( ! deaf1 ( /ate & national conf]5ces ( *>ities & corrections2 f ! /atutes ( ! sev]al /ates2 & f simil> publications4 ,f ! ,am]ican ,annals ( ! ,deaf ! writ] has drawn unsp>+ly1 & to x a v consid]able debt is ow$4 ,valuable assi/ance has also be5 obta9$ f ! ,volta ,review1 =m]ly ! ,association ,review1 & f pap]s publi%$ by ! deaf or 9 s*ools = ! deaf4 ,o!r s\rces ( in=mation us$ w be not$ f "t to "t 9 ! "w itself4 ,= all t has be5 set d[n ! writ] is alone responsible4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 ke5ly m9dful ( all ! co-op]ation t has be5 giv5 him1 & x w\ld be mo/ pleasant if x 7 possible to relate by "n ^? :o h be5 ( aid4 ,m]e words ( ?anks c\ld b v little express ! s5se ( obligation t is felt t[>ds all ( ^!4 ,inde$1 "o ( ! mo/ delightful features connect$ ) ! "w has be5 ! response :i* z a rule has be5 elicit$ by ! writ]'s inquiries2 & 9 "s cases s c\rte\s & graci\s h be5 ! correspond5ts & in=mants t "o might at times ?9k t a favor 7 be+ done !m 9 ! mak+ ( ! reque/4 ,to c]ta9 ones ! writ] _c escape m5tion+ 8 appreciation3 to ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,fay1 editor ( ! ,am]ican ,annals ( ! ,deaf1 & vice-presid5t ( ,gallaudet ,college2 ,dr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,dobyns1 ( ! ,mississippi ,s*ool1 & secret>y ( ! ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors ( ! ,deaf2 ,mr4 ,fr$ ,del&1 ( ! ,volta ,bureau2 ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,hodgson1 editor ( ! ,deaf-,mutes' ,j\rnal2 ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,curri]1 ( ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 & ,dr4 ,t4 ,f4 ,fox & ,mr4 ,ignatius ,bjorlee1 also ( ?is in/itution2 ,dr4 ,joseph ,a4 ,hill1 ( ! ,c5sus ,bureau2 ,mr4 ,alex&] ,johnson1 =m]ly secret>y ( ! ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections2 ,dr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,h>t1 ( ! ,russell ,sage ,f\ndation2 ,pr(essor ,s4 ,m4 ,l9dsay & ,dr4 ,e4 ,s4 ,:it91 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity2 & to ! (ficials ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y1 ( ! ,new ,york ,s*ool ( ,philan?ropy ,libr>y1 ( ! ,new ,york ,academy ( ,m$ic9e1 ( ! ,columbia ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 ( ! ,volta ,bureau1 & ( ! ,gallaudet ,college ,libr>y4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction xiii ,,"p ,i ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,society ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates #c ,mean+ ( ,t]m ,deaf 9 ! ,pres5t ,/udy--,numb] ( ! ,deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--,age :5 ,deafness ,occurr$--,ability ( ! ,deaf to ,speak--,means ( ,communication ,employ$ by ! ,deaf4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,deaf ,,z ,a ,,p]man5t ,,elem5t ,,( ,,! ,,population #ac ,increase 9 ! ,numb] ( ! ,deaf 9 ,relation to ! ,increase 9 ! ,g5]al ,population--,! ,adv5titi\sly ,deaf & ! ,cong5itally ,deaf--,adv5titi\s ,deafness & its ,causes--,possible ,action = ! ,prev5tion ( ,adv5titi\s ,deafness--,adv5titi\s ,deafness z an ,increas+ or ,decreas+ ,ph5om5on--,! ,cong5itally ,deaf--,! ,(fspr+ ( ,consangu9e\s ,m>riages--,! ,deaf ,hav+ ,deaf ,relatives--,! ,(fspr+ ( ,deaf ,p>5ts--,possible ,action = ! ,prev5tion ( ,cong5ital ,deafness--,cong5ital ,deafness z an ,increas+ or ,decreas+ ,ph5om5on--,conclusions ) ,respect to ! ,elim9ation or ,prev5tion ( ,deafness4 ,,iii4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,by ,,! ,,/ate #fc ,g5]al ,attitude ( ! ,law t[>ds ! ,deaf--,legislation ,discrim9atory respect+ ! ,deaf--,legislation 9 ,protection ( ! ,deaf--,legislation 9 ,aid ( ! ,deaf--,t5or ( ,c\rt ,decisions ,affect+ ! ,deaf--,pres5t ,tr5d ( ! ,law 9 ,respect to ! ,deaf4 ,,iv4 ,,economic ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,deaf #ge ,! ,ext5t to :i* ! ,deaf are a ,wage-e>n+ & ,self-support+ ,elem5t ( ! ,population--,views ( ! ,deaf z to _! ,economic ,/&+--,! ,deaf z ,alms-seek]s--,homes = ! ,deaf--,conclusions ) ,respect to ! ,economic ,position ( ! ,deaf4 ,v4 ,,social ,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,deaf #ia ,social ,cleavage f ! ,g5]al ,population--,desirability ( ,organizations ,compos$ ( ! ,deaf--,purposes1 ,activities1 & ,ext5t ( ,su* ,organizations--,newspap]s ( ! ,deaf4 ,,vi4 ,,popul> ,,conceptions ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,deaf #ii ,view$ z a ,/range ,class--,view$ z a ,defective ,class--,view$ z an ,unhappy ,class--,view$ z a ,dep5d5t ,class--,ne$ ( a ,*ang$ ,reg>d = ! ,deaf4 ,,vii4 ,,private ,,organizations ,,int]e/$ ,,9 ,,! ,,deaf #ajg ,g5]al ,societies ,int]e/$ 9 ! ,deaf--,! ,volta ,bureau--,p>5ts' ,associations = ! ,deaf--,*ur* ,missions to ! ,deaf--,organizations ,int]e/$ 9 ! ,education ( ! ,deaf--,publications ,devot$ to ! ,int]e/s ( ! ,deaf4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,provision ,,= ,,! ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,viii4 ,,! ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,prior ,,to ,,its ,,introduction ,,into ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates #aai ,,ix4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates #abi ,e>ly ,attempts at ,in/ruction--,beg9n+ ( ! ,fir/ ,s*ools--,e>ly ,ideas conc]n+ ! ,s*ools = ! ,deaf--,aims ( ! ,f\nd]s--,ext5sion ( ! ,means ( ,in/ruction ov] ! ,c\ntry4 ,x4 ,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,in/itutions ,,& ,,g5]al ,,provisions #aga ,arrangem5ts 9 ! ,diff]5t ,/ates--,semi-,public ,in/itutions--,dual ,s*ools--,provision = ! ,deaf-,bl9d--,provision = ! ,feeble-m9d$ ,deaf--,gov]nm5t ( ! ,diff]5t ,in/itutions--,proc$ure 9 ,/ates )\t ,in/itutions4 ,,xi4 ,,! ,,day ,,s*ool ,,= ,,! ,,deaf #ahg ,inception & ,gr[? ( ! ,day ,s*ool--,design & ,scope ( ,day ,s*ools--,ext5t & ,organization ( ,day ,s*ools--,argum5ts = ! ,day ,s*ool--,argum5ts aga9/ ! ,day ,s*ool--,ev5+ ,s*ools = ,adults4 ,,xii4 ,,d5om9ational ,,& ,,private ,,s*ools #bjb ,d5om9ational ,s*ools--,private ,s*ools4 ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,national ,,college #bjf ,,xiv4 ,,provision ,,= ,,education ,,by ,,/ates #bji ,,xv4 ,,con/itutional ,,provisions ,,= ,,s*ools #bdb ,ext5t ( ,con/itutional ,provisions--,language & ,=ms ( ,provisions4 ,,xvi4 ,,"q ,,( ,,! ,,*>ity ,,connection ,,( ,,s*ools #bdh ,in/itutions ,sometimes ,reg>d$ z ,educational3 ,sometimes z ,*>itable--,*>ity 9 ,connection ) ,s*ools = ! ,deaf--,argum5ts = ! ,connection ) ,bo>ds ( ,*>ities--,argum5ts 9 ,opposition to ! ,connection---,conclusions 9 ,respect to ! ,*>ity ,connection ( ,s*ools = ! ,deaf4 ,,xvii4 ,,provisions ,,conc]n+ ,,admission ,,( ,,pupils ,,into ,,s*ools #bfb ,rules z to ! ,paym5t ( ,fees--,provision = ! ,collat]al ,support ( ,pupils--,age ,limits ( ,att5dance4 ,,xviii4 ,,att5dance ,,^u ,,! ,,s*ools #bfh ,! ,proportion ( ! ,deaf 9 ! ,s*ools--,! ,ne$ ( ,compulsory ,education ,laws = ! ,deaf--,pres5t ,ext5t ( ,compulsory ,education ,laws4 ,,xix4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,in/ruction ,,9 ,,s*ools #bgg ,! ,use ( ,signs z a ,means ( ,communication--,rise & ,gr[? ( ! ,oral ,movem5t--,pres5t ,me?ods ( ,in/ruction--,c\rses ( ,/udy & ,gradations ( ,pupils--,indu/rial ,tra9+ 9 ! ,s*ools4 ,,xx4 ,,co/ ,,to ,,! ,,/ate ,,= ,,education #bic ,value ( ! ,prop]ty ,us$ = ! ,education ( ! ,deaf--,co/ ( ! ,ma9t5ance ( ! ,s*ools--,=m ( ,public ,appropriations--,co/ to ! ,/ate = ,ea* ,pupil4 ,,xxi4 ,,public ,,donations ,,( ,,l& ,,to ,,s*ools #bii ,grants by ! ,national ,gov]nm5t--,grants by ! ,/ates--,grants by ,cities or ,citiz5s4 ,,xxii4 ,,private ,,b5efactions ,,to ,,s*ools #cjc ,donations ( ,money--,gifts = ,pupils--,pres5t ,t5d5cies ( ,private ,b5efactions4 ,,xxiii4 ,,conclusions ,,) ,,respect ,,to ,,! ,,"w ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,am]ica #cji ,,app5dix ,a #cbe ,,table ,,) ,,respect ,,to ,,homes ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,,app5dix ,b #cbf ,,tables ,,) ,,respect ,,to ,,s*ools ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,i4 ,,public ,,in/itutions #cbf ,,ii4 ,,public ,,day ,,s*ools #cbi ,,iii4 ,,d5om9ational ,,& ,,private ,,s*ools #cca ,,index #ccc ,,introduction ,society z a :ole kn[s little ( ! deaf1 or ! s-call$ deaf & dumb4 ,!y d n =m a l>ge "p ( ! population1 & _m p seldom come 9 contact ) !m4 ,_! affliction to a great ext5t removes !m f ! usual av5ues ( int]c\rse ) m5 & deb>s !m f _m ( ! social activities ( life1 all t5d+ to make ! deaf m or less a class ap>t 9 ! community4 ,!y w\ld seem1 !n1 to h receiv$ sep>ate treatm5t1 z a section n :olly absorb$ & lo/ 9 ! g5]al population1 b 9 a measure /&+ out & diff]5tiat$ f ! re/ ( _! k9d4 ,?us x comes t society has to take notice ( !m4 ,by reason ( _! condition c]ta9 duties are call$ =? respect+ !m1 & c]ta9 provision has to be made = !m4 ,! object ( ! pres5t /udy ( ! deaf is to consid] prim>ily ! attitude ( society or ! /ate 9 ,am]ica t[>ds !m1 ! duties x has recogniz$ 9 respect to !m1 ! /atus x has creat$ = !m1 & ! ext5t & =ms1 z well z ! adequacy & correctness1 ( ?is treatm5t4 ,h5ce 9 our /udy ( ! problems ( ! deaf1 ! approa* is n to be by ! way ( m$ic9e1 or ( law1 or ( education1 ?\gh all ^! aspects w be necess>ily t\*$ ^u4 ,nor is our /udy to deal ) ?is class z a problem ( psy*ology or ( m5tal or physical abnormality1 ?\gh m or less consid]ation w h to be giv5 to ^! po9ts4 ,nor yet aga9 are we to conc]n ourselves pr9cipally ) :at is kn[n z ! human int]e/ "q1 ?\gh we %\ld be mu* disappo9t$ if !re 7 n f\nd an abundance ( human int]e/ 9 :at we %all h to consid]4 ,r1 !n1 we are to reg>d ! deaf z c]ta9 compon5ts ( ! /ate :o dem& classification & att5tion 9 its ma*9]y ( organization4 ,our attitude is ?us t ( ! social economi/1 & ! object ( our treatm5t is a "p or section ( ! community 9 its relation to ! great] & m solidifi$ body ( society4 ,m p>ticul>ly1 our purpose is tw(old4 ,we fir/ consid] ! deaf1 :o !y are1 & _! place 9 society1 & !n exam9e ! "o great =m ( treatm5t :i* ! /ate gives1 namely1 ! mak+ ( provision = _! education4 ,?is we h attempt$ to d 9 two p>ts1 ,"p ,i treat+ ( ! position ( ! deaf 9 society1 & ,"p ,,ii ( ! provisions made = _! education4 ,z we %all f9d1 ! special c>e ( ! /ate = ! deaf to-day has assum$ practically ?is "o =m4 ,means ( education are ext5d$ to all ! /ate's deaf *ildr51 & ) ?is its att5tion = ! mo/ "p ceases4 ,x has come to be se5 t aft] !y h receiv$ an education1 !y des]ve or require little fur!r aid or conc]n4 ,b x has n always be5 ! policy ( ! /ate to all[ to ! deaf ! realization t !y =m 9 its citiz5%ip an elem5t able to look out = !mselves1 & dem&+ little ( its special ov]sight4 ,!y h a /ory full ( int]e/ to tell1 = ! way ( ! deaf to ! atta9m5t ( ?is position has be5 long & tortu\s1 be+ fir/ look$ ^u z w>ds1 & !n by sl[ gradations com+ to ! full rights & responsibilities ( citiz5%ip4 ,9 ?is f9al /age1 :]e ! /ate provides education = ! deaf only z x provides x = all o!rs1 & attempts little beyond1 ! deaf f9d !mselves on a level ) citiz5s 9 g5]al 9 ! /ate's reg>d4 ,9 ,"p ,i1 aft] we h asc]ta9$ :o are meant by ! deaf1 & h[ _m ( !m !re are1 we are to f9d ourselves confront$ by a "q :i* is ( ! =emo/ conc]n to society2 namely1 :e!r ! deaf are to be consid]$ a p]man5t "p ( ! population1 or :e!r society may h means at h& to elim9ate or prev5t deafness4 ,aft] ?is1 our discussion w revolve ab\t ! deaf f diff]5t po9ts ( view1 reg>d+ !m 9 ! sev]al aspects 9 :i* !y appe> to society4 ,we %all exam9e ! treatm5t :i* ! /ate 9 g5]al accords ! deaf1 h[ !y are look$ ^u 9 ! law1 & :at *anges h be5 br\ght ab\t 9 its attitude t[>ds !m4 ,?is may be said to be ! view ( ! publici/ or legali/4 ,next1 we %all attempt to see h[ f> ! deaf are really a class ap>t 9 ! life ( ! community4 ,?is w involve an exam9ation1 on ! "o h&1 z to :e!r _! infirmity is a b> to _! indep5d5t self-support1 t is1 :e!r !y are pot5tially economic factors 9 ! _w ( indu/ry1 h[ f> _! /atus is due to :at !y !mselves h done1 & to :at ext5t ?is result has modifi$ ! reg>d & treatm5t ( society2 &1 on ! o!r1 h[ f> _! want ( he>+ /&s 9 ! way ( _! m+l+ 9 ! social life ( ! community 9 :i* !y live1 :e!r ! effect ( ?is w t5d to =ce ! deaf to associate m ) !mselves ?an ) ! re/ ( ! p1 & :at =ms _! associations take4 ,^! w be ! views respectively ( ! economi/ & ! sociologi/4 ,!n we %all consid] ! reg>d 9 :i* ! deaf are popul>ly held1 ! view ( ! man 9 ! /reet1 & :e!r ?is reg>d is ! prop] & j "o4 ,la/ly1 we %all note :at movem5ts h be5 und]tak5 9 ! int]e/s ( ! deaf by private organizations1 & to :at ext5t ^! h be5 c>ri$4 ,9 ,"p ,,ii we %all consid] ! provision t has be5 made = ! in/ruction ( deaf *ildr54 ,fir/ we %all review ! attempts at in/ruction 9 ! ,old ,_w1 & !n c>efully foll[ ! developm5t ( in/ruction 9 ,am]ica1 consid]+ ! e>ly ef=ts 9 ?is direction1 ! f\nd+ ( ! fir/ s*ools1 & ! spread ( ! "w ov] ! l&2 & not+ h[ x 0 fir/ tak5 up by private initiative1 9 "t to be second$ or tak5 ov] by ! /ate1 & h[ f> ! /ate has se5 & p]=m$ its duty 9 ?is respect4 ,public in/itutions h be5 creat$ 9 ne>ly all ! /ates1 & we %all exam9e ! organizations ( ^! in/itutions & ! g5]al arrangem5ts 9 ! diff]5t /ates4 ,! developm5t ( ! "w also includes a sy/em ( day s*ools1 a c]ta9 numb] ( private s*ools & a national college1 all ( :i* we %all consid]1 devot+ especial att5tion to ! day s*ools & _! significance4 ,foll[+ ?is1 we %all consid] h[ ea* /ate individually has be5 f\nd to provide = ! in/ruction ( ! deaf1 obs]v+ also ! ext5t to :i* ! /ates h made provision 9 _! con/itutions1 & ! ext5t to :i* ! s*ools are reg>d$ z purely educational4 ,next1 we %all proce$ to inquire into ! t]ms ( admission ( pupils into ! s*ools2 & we %all p>ticul>ly conc]n ourselves ) ! inve/igation ( ! "q ( h[ f> ! means provid$ = education by ! /ate are actually avail$ ( by ! deaf4 ,! great te*nical problems involv$ 9 ! education ( ! deaf w be outside ! prov9ce ( ?is "w1 b we %all indicate1 s f> z public action may be conc]n$1 ! pres5t me?ods ( in/ruction4 ,?is done1 we %all m>k :at is ! co/ to ! /ate ( all ?is activity = ! education ( its deaf *ildr51 not+ also h[ f> ! /ate has be5 assi/$ 9 ! "w by private b5evol5ce4 ,9 ! f9al *apt] ( our /udy we %all set d[n ! conclusions :i* we h f\nd 9 respect to ! "w = ! deaf on ! :ole 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,"p ,i ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,society ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,mean+ ,,( ,,t]m ,,deaf ,,9 ,,! ,,pres5t ,,/udy ,by ! deaf 9 ! pres5t /udy is meant t elem5t ( ! population 9 :i* ! s5se ( he>+ is ei!r :olly abs5t or is s slight z to be ( no practical value2 or 9 :i* !re is inability to he> & und]/& spok5 language2 or 9 :i* !re exi/s no real s\nd p]ception4 ,9 o!r words1 ^? p]sons are meant :o may be reg>d$ z ei!r totally deaf or practically totally deaf4#a ,) su* deafness !re is n infrequ5tly associat$ an inability to speak1 or to use vocal language4 ,h5ce our att5tion may be said to be direct$ to t "p ( ! community :i*1 by ! want ( ! s5se ( he>+ & (t5times also ( ! p[] ( spee*1 =ms a special & di/9ct class2 & is kn[n1 m or less inaccurately1 z ! deaf & dumb or deaf-mutes or mutes4 ,9 our discussion x is ) deafness t we are prim>ily conc]n$4 ,deafness & dumbness are1 physically1 two ess5tially diff]5t ?+s4 ,!re is no anatomical connection betwe5 ! organs ( he>+ & ^? ( spee*2 & ! /ructure & function+ ( ea* are su* z to preclude any direct pa?ological relation4 ,! numb] ( ! s-call$ deaf & dumb1 moreov]1 :o are really dumb is v small--s small actually z to be negligible4 ,almo/ all :o are spok5 ( z deaf & dumb h organs ( spee* t are q intact1 & are1 inde$1 con/ructively p]fect4 ,x comes ab\t1 h[ev]1 t dumbness--consid]$ z ! want ( normal & usual locution--?\gh organically sep>ate f deafness1 is a natural consequ5ce ( x2 & does1 z a matt] ( fact1 9 mo/ cases to a great] or less ext5t1 accompany or co-exi/ ) x4 ,! reason ( ?is is t ! deaf1 p>ticul>ly ^? :o h always be5 s1 be+ unable to he>1 d n "k h[ to use _! organs ( spee*1 & especially are unable to modulate _! spee* by ! e>1 z ! he>+ d4 ,if ! deaf c\ld rega9 _! he>+1 !y w\ld h back _! spee* 9 %ort ord]4 ,! "* ( ! human voice dep5ds ?us on ! e> to an unrealiz$ degree4 ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,accord+ to ! c5sus ( #aijj !re 7 #cg1dbf p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates enum]at$ z totally deaf2#b & accord+ to t ( #aiaj !re 7 #dc1hab enum]at$ z deaf & dumb4#c ,h5ce we may assume t !re are betwe5 =ty & fifty ?\s& deaf p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates =m+ a special class4#d ,! foll[+ table w give ! numb] ( ! deaf 9 ! sev]al /ates & ! numb] p] million ( population1 accord+ to ! c5sus ( #aiaj4e ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,! ,,sev]al ,,/ates ,,no4 ,,p] ,,no4 ,,p] ,,million ,,( ,,million ,,( ,,no4 ,,population ,,no4 ,,population ,unit$ ,/ates #dc1hab #dgf ,montana #aag #caa ,alabama #hjg #cgg ,nebraska #fcf #eca ,arizona #ec #bei ,nevada #bc #bha ,arkansas #gbi #dfd ,new ,hamp%ire #aia #ddc ,cali=nia #ghd #cbi ,new ,j]sey #ffg #bfc ,colorado #bdc #cjd ,new ,mexico #agg #edj ,connecticut #ccb #big ,new ,york #d1gfj #ebb ,delaw>e #ei #bia ,nor? ,c>ol9a #a1dba #fdd ,di/rict ( ,columbia #aad #cdd ,nor? ,dakota #bci #dad ,florida #baf #bhf ,ohio #b1ehb #eci ,georgia #ief #cff ,oklahoma #hbf #dia ,idaho #aad #cdi ,oregon #bda #cei ,ill9ois #b1fda #dfh ,p5nsylvania #c1fef #dgg ,indiana #a1fgb #fai ,rhode ,isl& #bjh #chc ,i[a #iej #dbg ,s\? ,c>ol9a #gce #dhe ,kansas #icd #eeb ,s\? ,dakota #cae #eci ,k5tucky #a1eha #fij ,t5nessee #a1bca #efc ,l\isiana #ggd #dfh ,texas #a1hfd #dgh ,ma9e #cdj #deh ,utah #bcb #fba ,m>yl& #gdf #egf ,v]mont #abf #ced ,massa*usetts #a1jib #cbd ,virg9ia #a1abj #edc ,mi*igan #a1cae #dfh ,wa%+ton #cfh #cbc ,m9nesota #a1jgg #eai ,we/ ,virg9ia #gac #ehd ,mississippi #gcg #daj ,wiscons9 #a1bea #ecg ,miss\ri #a1hbc #eec ,wyom+ #bd #aei ,f ?is table ! l>ge/ proportions ( ! deaf appe> to be f\nd 9 ! /ates r t[>d ! c5tral "p ( ! c\ntry1 & ! smalle/ 9 ! /ates 9 ! f> we/ & ! extreme ea/4 ,! highe/ proportions occur 9 ,k5tucky1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,utah1 ,indiana1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 ,t5nessee1 ,miss\ri1 ,kansas1 ,virg9ia1 ,new ,mexico1 ,ohio1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,wiscons91 ,nebraska1 ,new ,york1 & ,m9nesota1 all ^! /ates hav+ ov] #ejj p] million ( population4 ,! l[e/ proportions are f\nd 9 ,wyom+1 ,arizona1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,nevada1 ,florida1 ,delaw>e1 ,connecticut1 ,colorado1 ,montana1 ,wa%+ton1 ,massa*usetts1 ,cali=nia1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,idaho1 ,v]mont1 ,oregon1 ,alabama1 & ,rhode ,isl&1 9 none ( ^! /ates ! numb] be+ ov] #djj p] million4 ,:y !re %\ld be ^! diff]5ces 9 ! respective proportions ( ! deaf 9 ! population ( ! sev]al /ates1 we _c say2 & we are g5]ally unable to det]m9e to :at ! v>iations are to be ascrib$--:e!r !y are to be set d[n to p>ticul> conditions ( morbidity1 ! int5sity ( cong5ital deafness1 or o!r influ5ces op]at+ 9 diff]5t sections2 or1 p]haps 9 "s measure1 to ! great] ?or\ghness ) :i* ! c5sus 0 tak5 9 "s places ?an 9 o!rs4 ,,age ,,:5 ,,deafness ,,occurr$ ,! va/ majority ( ! deaf lo/ _! he>+ 9 e>ly life1 & mo/ ( !m 9 ! t5d] ye>s ( infancy & *ildhood4 ,m ?an n9ety p] c5t 7#ij4f1 accord+ to ! returns ( ! c5sus7 became deaf be=e ! tw5tie? ye>2 ne>ly ?ree-f\r?s 7#gc4g p] c5t7 "u five2 ov] half 7#eb4d p] c5t7 "u two2 & ov] a ?ird 7#ce4e p] c5t7 7 born deaf4 ,deafness ?us occurs 9 a /rongly dim9i%+ ratio ) advanc+ ye>s4#f ,^! facts may be indicat$ by ! foll[+ table1#g :i* %[s ! p]c5tages ( ^? :o became deaf at diff]5t ages4 ,,! ,,deaf ,,accord+ ,,to ,,age ,,( ,,occurr5ce ,,( ,,deafness ,at bir? #ce4e ,aft] bir? & "u two #af4i ,"u two ye>s #eb4d #b & "u #d #ag4a #d & "u #f #g4c #f & "u #h #d4e #h & "u #aj #b4h #aj & "u #ab #a4h #ab & "u #ad #a4f #ad & "u #af #a4c #af & "u #ah #a4j #ah & "u #bj #j4h ,"u five #gc4g #e & "u #aj #aj4e #aj & "u #ae #d4j #ae & "u #bj #b4d ,"u #bj #ij4f #bj & "u #dj #e4g #dj & "u #fj #b4d #fj & "u #hj #a4a #hj & ov] #j4b ,,ability ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,to ,,speak ,we h j se5 t dumbness frequ5tly foll[s ^u deafness1 or t x is usually believ$ to be an effect ( deafness4 ,x is true t ) ! majority ( ! deaf phonetic spee* is n employ$ to any l>ge ext5t2 b !re is at ! same "t a fair numb] :o c1 & d1 use vocal language4 ,?is spee* v>ies to a wide degree1 9 "s approximat+ normal spee*1 & 9 o!rs be+ h>% & und]/ood ) difficulty2 & x dep5ds 9 ! ma9 ^u ?ree conditions3 #a4 ! age at :i* deafness occurr$1 ?is be+ ! mo/ important factor2 #b4 ! ext5t to :i* ! voice is cultivat$2 & #c4 ! rema9+ p[] ( ! e> 7:i* is f\nd b seldom74#h ,( ! deaf p]sons enum]at$ 9 ! c5sus1#i #ba4e p] c5t 7 report$ able to speak well2 #ae4h p] c5t imp]fectly2 & #fb4g p] c5t n at all4 ,9 o!r words1 some:at ov] a ?ird ( ! deaf c speak m or less1 "o-fif? be+ able to speak well1 & "o-six? imp]fectly1 :ile ov] ?ree-fif?s d n speak at all4 ,! dep5d5ce ( ! ability to speak ^u ! age ( becom+ deaf is cle>ly 9 evid5ce "h1 ! proportion ( ^? n able to speak %[+ a great decrease ) ! rise ( ?is age4 ,?us1 ( ^? born deaf1 #hc4e p] c5t _c speak at all2 ( ^? becom+ deaf aft] bir? & "u five1 #gd4f p] c5t2 ( ^? becom+ deaf aft] five & "u tw5ty1 #bf4e p] c5t2 & ( ^? becom+ deaf aft] tw5ty1 #c4d p] c5t4 ,"s ( ! deaf are able to read ! lips ( ! speak]1 or z x is bett] express$1 to read spee*1 or to und]/& :at is be+ said by wat*+ ! motions ( ! m\?4 ,?is 9 reality is a di/9ct art f ! ability to speak1 ?\gh popul>ly !y are (t5 ?\ght to be co-ord9ate or complem5t>y "o to ! o!r4 ,l ! ability to speak1 x v>ies 9 wide degree1 f ! ability to und]/& simple & easy expressions only1 to ! ability to foll[ protract$ disc\rse2 & l ! ability to speak1 x is f\nd 9 increas+ frequ5cy ) ! rise ( ! age ( becom+ deaf4 ,accord+ to ! c5sus1#aj #ch4f p] c5t ( ! deaf are able to read ! lips4 ,( ^? born deaf1 #bh4j p] c5t h ?is ability2 ( ^? becom+ deaf aft] bir? & "u five1 #cg4a p] c5t2 ( ^? becom+ deaf aft] five & "u tw5ty1 #fd4c p] c5t2 & ( ^? becom+ deaf aft] tw5ty1 #dc4f p] c5t4#aa ,,means ,,( ,,communication ,,employ$ ,,by ,,! ,,deaf ,if ! l>g] numb] ( ! deaf d n use ! spee* :i* is us$ by ^? :o c he>1 h[ is x t _! communication is c>ri$ on8 ,! *ief me?od is a c]ta9 sil5t tongue peculi> to ! deaf1 kn[n z ! sign language1#ab a "p ( :i* may be said to be ! manual alphabet1 or ! sy/em ( f+]-spell+1#ac ! two usually go+ h& 9 h&4 ,9 ?is way mo/ ( ! deaf are enabl$ to communicate ) ea* o!r readily & flu5tly4 ,b ?is language1 or at lea/ ! great] "p ( x1 n be+ kn[n to p g5]ally1 ! deaf frequ5tly h to fall back on writ+ to convey _! ideas 9 communicat+ ) he>+ p]sons4 ,?is1 :ile sl[ & cumb]some1 is ! sure/ & mo/ reliable me?od ( all4 ,9 addition1 z we h se51 a c]ta9 numb] ( ! deaf are able to use spee*1 :i* ( c\rse has manifold advantages4 ,^! are ! sev]al me?ods1 !n1 ( communication employ$ by ! deaf2 b !y are n usually employ$ s+ly1 z mo/ ( ! deaf are able to use two or m4 ,accord+ to ! c5sus1#ad ! sign language alone or 9 comb9ation ) o!r me?ods is employ$ by #fh4b p] c5t1 or ov] two-?irds ( ! deaf2 f+]-spell+ by #eb4f p] c5t1 or ov] "o-half2 writ+ by almo/ ! same proportion--#ea4i p] c5t2 & spee* by #ci4h p] c5t1 or "s two-fif?s4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ! proportions employ+ ! sign language1 f+]-spell+ & writ+1 ei!r s+ly or ) o!r me?ods1 are really some:at l>g]4 ,9 ?is case1 likewise1 we f9d t ! l[] ! age ( becom+ deaf1 ! small] is ! proportion ( ! deaf ) spee*1 :i* %[s aga9 ! connection ( ! ability to speak ) ! age ( ! occurr5ce ( deafness4 ,( ^? born deaf1 spee* alone or 9 comb9ation ) o!r me?ods is us$ by #ah4b p] c5t2 ( ^? becom+ deaf aft] bir? & "u five1 by #bg4d p] c5t2 ( ^? becom+ deaf aft] five & "u tw5ty1 by #ge4c p] c5t2 & ( ^? becom+ deaf aft] tw5ty1 by #ig4g p] c5t4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,!re are no %>ply divid+ l9es betwe5 ! diff]5t degrees ( deafness1 b x is only ^? describ$ t really con/itute a special class4 ,p]sons ^: he>+ is su* z to be ( use ev5 9 "s slight degree are r to be di/+ui%$ z h>d ( he>+4 #b ,by ?is c5sus bo? ! p>tially deaf & ! totally deaf 7 enum]at$1 or #hi1bhg 9 all4 ,! =m] %\ld n h be5 enum]at$1 ! enum]ators be+ in/ruct$ n to include ^? able to he> l\d conv]sation4 #c ,= ! c5sus returns = #aijj1 see ,special ,reports ( ! ,c5sus ,(fice4 ,! ,bl9d & ! ,deaf1 #aijf4 ,?is report 0 "u ! special direction ( ,dr4 ,alex&] ,graham ,bell1 :o has long be5 int]e/$ 9 ! deaf4 ,! returns ( ! c5sus = #aiaj are yet to be revis$1 :ile at ! same "t additional data are to be secur$ to be publi%$ z a special report l t ( #aijf4 ,z yet ! c5sus (fice has = #aiaj only ! actual enum]ation ( ! deaf & dumb 9 ! v>i\s /ates1 & ! returns ) respect to o!r p>ticul>s reg>d+ !m are yet to be complet$4 ,see ,volta ,review1 xiii41 #aiaa1 p4 #cii4 ,h5ce 9 our discussions we %all1 except = ! numb] by /ates1 deal ) ! c5sus ( #aijj4 ,= a review ( ?is c5sus1 see ,am]ican ,annals ( ! ,deaf1 ,sept41 #aijf1 to ,may1 #aijg 7li41 lii474 ,9 a numb] ( /ates c]ta9 c\nty (fic]s are requir$ f "t to "t to enum]ate ! deaf4 ,= a c5sus 9 "o /ate1 see ,bullet9 ( ,labor ( ,massa*usetts1 ,july-,aug41 #aijg4 #d ,includ$ 9 ! c5sus ( #aijj 7 #dia deaf-bl9d p]sons 7totally deaf71 & 9 t ( #aiaj1 #ehd4 #e ,f /ati/ics k9dly furni%$ by ! ,c5sus ,bureau4 #f ,?is is j ! opposite ( ! case ) ! bl9d4 #g ,special ,reports1 #aijf1 p4 #gi4 ,"s #b1jjj cases 7 ?r[n out = indef9ite replies1 leav+ #ce1dgi1 ^u :i* our p]c5tages are bas$4 #h ,a some:at frequ5t classification ( ! deaf 9 respect to _! p[] to speak is to reg>d !m r\ghly z fall+ into ?ree great divisions3 #a4 ,deaf-mutes1 :o come ne>e/ to be+ deaf & dumb4 ,!y h always be5 deaf1 & h nev] _h natural spee*4 ,:at spee* !y may possess has come f special in/ruction1 ) ! result t x is m or less artificial4 #b4 ,semi-mutes1 :o are deaf1 b :o h once _h he>+ z well z spee*2 & ?is spee* !y are able to use to a great] or less degree1 ?\gh 9 "t x is likely to become m & m a/ray4 #c4 ,semi-deaf p]sons1 :o are only p>tly deaf1 & possess a little he>+1 ?\gh x is too slight to be ( real practical use2 & :o h voices mo/ ne>ly approa*+ ! normal4 ,!y belong some:]e betwe5 ! really deaf & ! h>d ( he>+4 #i ,special ,reports1 pp4 #hb1 #bdj4 #aj ,ibid41 pp4 #hg1 #bdj4 ,= #h1iff no returns 7 made4 #aa ,on ! subject ( lip-read+1 see especially ,e4 ,b4 ,nit*ie1 ,lip-,read+3 its ,pr9ciples & ,practice1 #aiab4 #ab ,?is sign language is ref]r$ to at some:at m l5g? 9 ,*apt] ,,xix4 #ac ,sometimes call$ ! deaf & dumb alphabet4 #ad ,special ,reports1 pp4 #hi1 #bdj4 ,= #b1cfe no returns 7 made4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,deaf ,,z ,a ,,p]man5t ,,elem5t ,,( ,,! ,,population ,,increase ,,9 ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,! ,,increase ,,9 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,population ,are ! deaf to be a p]man5t elem5t 9 ! con/itution ( ! population8 ,are !y always to be reckon$ ) 9 ! life ( ! /ate & ! reg>d ( society8 ,w\ld x n be well to inquire :e!r or n deafness may be elim9at$1 or at lea/ r$uc$ to an appreciable degree8 ,^! are que/ions t pres5t !mselves at ! outset 9 a consid]ation ( ! relation ( ! deaf to society1 & to !m we n[ devote our att5tion4 ,our fir/ inquiry 9 ! matt] is direct$ to ! "q :e!r deafness z a :ole is increas+1 decreas+ or rema9+ /ation>y1 9 relation to ! g5]al population4 ,to det]m9e ?is1 we h rec\rse to ! c5sus returns ( ! deaf 9 connection ) ^? ( ! g5]al population4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 comp>isons ( ! diff]5t c5suses respect+ ! deaf are n altoge!r to be dep5d$ ^u1 = ! reason t !y h n always be5 tak5 on ! same basis1 & conclusions f !m consequ5tly h to be accept$ ) qualifications4 ,special c5sus returns ( ! deaf h be5 made s9ce #ahcj2 b ! c5suses ( #ahcj-ahgj purport to be ( ! deaf & dumb2 ! c5sus ( #ahhj1 ( ! deaf :o became deaf "u sixte5 ye>s ( age2 t ( #ahij1 ( ! deaf & dumb2 t ( #aijj1 ( ! totally deaf2 & t ( #aiaj1 ( ! deaf & dumb4 ,! results ?us obta9$ are 9 ! ma9 analog\s1 b !re are a c]ta9 numb] ( cases includ$ on "o basis t w\ld be exclud$ on ano!r1 & vice v]sa4#ae ,tak+ ! /ati/ics z !y are1 we h ! foll[+ table1#af :i* gives ! numb] ( ! deaf z f\nd 9 ! sev]al c5suses1 accord+ to ! bases ^u :i* !y 7 made1 toge!r ) ! ratio p] million ( population4 ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,c5suses ,,( #ahcj-aiaj ,,no4 ,,p] ,,million ,,( ,,ye> ,,numb] ,,population #ahcj 7! deaf & dumb7 #f1ajf #dge #ahdj 7! deaf & dumb7 #g1ffe #ddi #ahej 7! deaf & dumb7 #i1hjc #dbc #ahfj 7! deaf & dumb7 #ab1hba #djh #ahgj 7! deaf & dumb7 #af1bje #dbj #ahhj 7deafness occurr+ "u sixte57 #cc1hgh #fge #ahij 7! deaf & dumb7 #dj1eib #fdh #aijj 7! totally deaf7 #cg1dbf #dib #aiaj 7! deaf & dumb7 #dc1hab #dgf ,f ?is table !re appe>s to be a /eady decrease 9 ! numb] ( ! deaf 9 relation to ! g5]al population f #ahcj to #ahfj1 ?is latt] ye> seem+ to be ! l[ wat] m>k4 ,f #ahfj to #ahgj !re is a slight increase1 & f #ahgj to #ahhj a v l>ge "o1 due to "s ext5t to ! me?od ( tak+ ! c5sus4 ,f #ahhj to #ahij !re is a c]ta9 decrease1 ?\gh ! proportion is /ill v high4 ,f #ahij to #aijj !re is a v consid]able decrease1 probably indicat+ a return to true conditions2 & a n negligible decrease f #aijj to #aiaj4 ,on ! :ole1 ) respect to ^! /ati/ics1 probably ! mo/ t we c safely say is t deafness is at lea/ n on ! increase relatively among ! population1 :ile !re is a possibility t at pres5t x is decreas+4 ,= fur!r det]m9ations1 we %all h to seek o!r means ( inquiry4 ,,! ,,adv5titi\sly ,,deaf ,,& ,,! ,,cong5itally ,,deaf ,we may p]haps be/ approa* ! problem ( deafness z an increas+ or decreas+ ph5om5on 9 ! population1 if we ?9k ( ! deaf z compos$ ( two great classes3 ^? adv5titi\sly deaf1 t is1 ^? :o h lo/ _! he>+ by "s disease or accid5t occurr+ aft] bir?1 & ^? cong5itally deaf1 t is1 ^? :o h nev] _h he>+4#ag ,9 reg>d to ! =m] class1 x foll[s t we are l>gely int]e/$ 9 ! consid]ation ( ^? diseases1 especially ^? ( *ildhood1 :i* may affect ! he>+1 & 9 _! prev5tion or dim9ution we c endeavor to asc]ta9 h[ f> !re are possibilities ( r$uc+ ! numb] ( ! deaf ( ?is class4 ,9 ! latt] case we are call$ ^u to exam9e "s ( ! great problems involv$ 9 ! /udy ( h]$ity1 especially 9 respect to ! ext5t t ! (fspr+ is affect$ by defects or abnormalities ( ! p>5t1 & to see :at1 if any1 means are at h& to alt] conditions t br+ ab\t ?is =m ( deafness4 ,we %all fir/ discuss ! causes ( adv5titi\s deafness1 toge!r ) ! possibilities ( its prev5tion & ! likelihood ( its dim9ution1 & !n consid] ! que/ions involv$ 9 cong5ital deafness4 ,,adv5titi\s ,,deafness ,,& ,,its ,,causes ,f ?ree-fif?s to two-?irds ( ! cases ( deafness are caus$ adv5titi\sly--by accid5t or disease4 ,to accid5ts1 h[ev]1 only a v small "p are due1 probably less ?an "o-fiftie? ( ! entire numb]4#ah ,ne>ly all adv5titi\s deafness results f "s disease1 ei!r z a prim>y disease ( ! auditory organs1 or z a sequ5ce or product ( "s disease ( ! sy/em1 (t5 "o ( infecti\s "*1 ! deafness ?us con/itut+ a second>y malady or ailm5t4 ,! l>g] portion is ( ! latt] type1 probably less ?an a f\r? result+ f orig9al e> tr\bles4#ai ,9 ei!r case deafness occurs usually 9 infancy or *ildhood1 & does its h>m by attack+ ! middle or int]nal e>4 ,f diseases ( ! middle e> results ov] "o-f\r? 7#bg4b p] c5t1 accord+ to ! c5sus7 ( all deafness1 & f diseases ( ! int]nal e>1 "o-fif? 7#bj4g p] c5t71 v little 7#j4f p] c5t7 be+ caus$ by disord]s ( ! out] e>4 ,( ! classifi$ cases ( deafness1 accord+ to ! c5sus1 #ef4c p] c5t are due to diseases affect+ ! middle e>1 & #db4g p] c5t to diseases affect+ ! int]nal4 ,( diseases ( ! middle e>1 #gb p] c5t are ( suppurative "*1 (t5 ) inflammation or abscess1 & #bh p] c5t non-suppurative1 or r cat>rhal 9 "*4 ,( diseases ( ! int]nal e>1 #hi p] c5t are affections ( ! n]ve1 & #aj p] c5t ( ! labyr9?4 ,x is to be not$ t :5 ! affection is ( ! int]nal e>1 ! result is usually total deafness4 ,by specifi$ diseases1 ! lead+ causes ( deafness are sc>let fev] 7#aa4a p] c5t71 m5+itis 7#i4f71 bra9 fev] 7#d4g71 cat>rh 7#c4f71 disease ( middle e> 7#c4f71 measles 7#b4e71 typhoid fev] 7#b4d71 colds 7#a4f71 mal>ial fev] 7#a4b71 influ5za 7#j4g71 ) small] proportions f diph!ria1 pneumonia1 :oop+ c\gh1 la grippe1 & o!r diseases4 ,a l>ge "p ( deafness is se5 to be due to infecti\s diseases1 ! probabilities be+ t fully "o-?ird is to be s ascrib$1 ) "o-fif? f infecti\s fev]s alone4 ,aft] bir? & "u two ye>s ( age1 ! *ief causes ( deafness are m5+itis1 sc>let fev]1 disease ( middle e>1 bra9 fev]1 & measles4 ,f two to five sc>let fev] & m5+itis are f> 9 ! lead1 ) _m cases also f bra9 fev]1 disease ( middle e>1 measles1 & typhoid fev]4 ,f five to t5 sc>let fev] alone outdi/ances all o!r diseases1 foll[$ 9 ord] by m5+itis1 bra9 fev] & typhoid fev]4 ,f t5 to fifte5 ! ma9 causes are m5+itis1 sc>let fev]1 bra9 fev]1 & cat>rh2 f fifte5 to tw5ty cat>rh & m5+itis2 f tw5ty to =ty cat>rh1 colds & typhoid fev]2 & f =ty on1 cat>rh4 ,! foll[+ table#bj w %[ 9 detail ! sev]al causes ( deafness & _! respective p]c5tages4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,total classifi$ #dh4e ,ext]nal e> #j4f ,impact$ c]um5 #j4b ,=eign bodies #j4a ,miscellane\s #j4c ,middle e> #bg4b ,suppurative #ai4f ,sc>let fev] #aa4a ,disease ( e> #c4f ,measles #b4e ,influ5za #j4g ,o!r causes #a4g ,non-suppurative #g4f ,cat>rh #c4f ,colds #a4f ,o!r causes #b4d ,int]nal e> #bj4g ,labyr9? #a4h ,mal>ial fev] #a4b ,o!r causes #j4f ,n]ves #ah4e ,m5+itis #i4f ,bra9 fev] #d4g ,typhoid fev] #b4d ,o!r causes #a4h ,bra9 c5t] #j4c ,miscellane\s #j4a ,unclassifi$ #de4c ,cong5ital #cc4g ,old age #j4c ,milit>y s]vice #a4j ,falls & bl[s #b4h ,sickness #b4g ,fev] #b4j ,h]$it>y #j4c ,miscellane\s #b4e ,unkn[n #f4b ,9 fairly approximate agreem5t ) ! returns ( ! c5sus1 are ! records ( ! special s*ools = ! deaf 9 respect to ! causes ( deafness 9 _! pupils1 ) in=mation also z to ! am\nt f ! m9or diseases4 ,! foll[+ table w give ! causes by specific diseases1 z f\nd 9 "o s*ool1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 = two ye>s3#ba ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,( ,,pupils ,,9 ,,p5nsylvania ,,in/itution #aijf #aijg ,,p] ,,c5t ,,p] ,,c5t ,total numb] #eaj #ajj4j #ejj #ajj4j ,born deaf #bac #da4h #bjf #da4b ,sc>let fev] #dc #h4b #dg #i4d ,m5+itis #cf #g4a #dj #h4j ,falls #bd #d4g #be #e4j ,diseases ( e> & ?roat #ac #b4f #bc #d4f ,cat>rh & colds #ac #b4f -- -- ,measles #ah #c4e #ah #c4f ,bra9 fev] #ag #c4c #af #c4b ,convulsions #ad #b4h #ac #b4f ,abscesses #aj #b4j #ab #b4d ,la grippe #aj #b4j #g #a4d ,accid5ts 7n /at$7 #i #a4h #g #a4d ,:oop+ c\gh #g #a4d #g #a4d ,typhoid fev] #g #a4d #f #a4b ,diph!ria #f #a4b #f #a4b ,mumps #e #a4j #e #a4j ,p>alysis #e #a4j #d #j4h ,m>asmus #b #j4d #d #j4h ,pneumonia #d #j4h #b #j4d ,d5tition -- -- #b #j4d ,dropsy ( blood #b #j4d -- -- ,*ick5 pox #a #j4b #a #j4b ,poison+ #a #j4b #a #j4b ,int]mitt5t fev] #a #j4b #a #j4b ,blood clott+ on bra9 #a #j4b -- -- ,*ol]a infantum #a #j4b -- -- ,ga/ric fev] -- -- #a #j4b ,sickness 7n /at$7 #aj #b4j #h #a4f ,unkn[n #cg #g4c #ch #g4f ,,possible ,,action ,,= ,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,adv5titi\s ,,deafness ,9 respect to pres5t activities = ! prev5tion ( adv5titi\s deafness1 we f9d ! situation v mu* l t ( m>k+ "t4 ,deafness1 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( "t1 has l>gely be5 accept$ z ! portion ( a c]ta9 fraction ( ! race1 & any s]i\s & det]m9$ ef=ts = its eradication h be5 consid]$ = ! mo/ "p z ( little hope4#bb ,) ! auditory organs s securely hidd5 away 9 ! head1 entr5*$ )9 ! protect+ temporal bone1 & ) _! /ructure s delicate & complicat$1 ! problem may well h be5 reg>d$ a baffl+ "o ev5 = ! be/ labor ( m$ic9e & surg]y4 ,h5ce x is t aft] deafness has once effect$ lodgm5t 9 ! sy/em1 a cure has n usually be5 reg>d$ z )9 rea*1 ?\gh = c]ta9 individual cases !re may be m$ical exam9ation & treatm5t1 ) attempts made at relief4 ,= deafness 9 g5]al1 x has be5 felt t !re has be5 little t c\ld be done 9 ! way ( prev5tion or cure beyond ! pres]vation ( ! g5]al heal? & ! w>d+ (f ( diseases t might cause loss ( he>+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 altoge!r too little att5tion has be5 giv5 hi!rto to ! possibilities ( ! prev5tion ( deafness4 ,)\t "q !re is mu* at ! outset t c be accompli%$ t[>ds ! prev5tion ( ^? diseases t cause deafness4 ,a l>ge "p1 p]haps fully a ?ird1 z we h se51 are due to infecti\s diseases1 & x is probably "h t measures are likely to be mo/ efficaci\s4 ,a consid]able portion likewise are ! result ( diseases affect+ ! passages ( ! nose & ?roat1 & help %\ld be possible = _m ( ^! if tak5 9 h& soon en\gh4 ,9 c]ta9 diseases also1 z sc>let fev]1 measles1 typhoid fev]1 diph!ria1 & o!rs1 !re are n a few cases :i*1 s f> z deafness z a developm5t is conc]n$1 w\ld prove am5able to skillful & p]si/5t treatm5t4 ,at ! same "t due att5tion to prim>y e> tr\bles w\ld 9 a numb] ( in/ances keep (f p]man5t deafness4 ,inde$1 x is possible t "s ?irty or =ty p] c5t ( adv5titi\s deafness is prev5table by pres5t kn[n means4#bc ,aside f direct m$ical treatm5t = ^? diseases t cause deafness1 !re are o!r measures available 9 a program = ! prev5tion ( deafness4 ,"o ( ! =emo/ ess5tials is ! report to ! heal? au?orities ( all s]i\s diseases t are liable to result 9 deafness4 ,9 ?is way prop] m$ical c>e may be secur$1 & due precautions may be tak5 to isolate infecti\s cases4 ,ev5 ) m5+itis1 :i* is s h>d usually to deal ) & :i* is s sev]e 9 its ravages1 !re is (t5 "s concomitant tr\ble1 & if made notifiable 9 all cases deafness f x might be *eck$ 9 no inconsid]able measure4 ,! report ( bir?s is also especially ne$$1 & z x becomes obligatory 9 g5]al1 ) ! consequ5t detection ( physical ailm5ts or disabilities1 e>ly cases ( deafness may come increas+ly to notice1 & timely treatm5t may be avail$ (4 ,p>ticul> att5tion is likewise necess>y 9 respect to ! m$ical exam9ation ( s*ool *ildr54 ,! proportion ( su* *ildr5 ) impair$ he>+ is n slight1 ev5 ?\gh no great "p ( !m become totally deaf4 ,a committee on defective eyes & e>s ( s*ool *ildr5 ( ! ,national ,educational ,association 9 #aijc f\nd t ( #eg1jgb *ildr5 exam9$ 9 sev5 cities1 #b1jfg1 or #c4f p] c5t1 7 extremely defective 9 he>+4#bd ,an inve/igation ( ! s*ool *ildr5 9 ,new ,york ,city has disclos$ ! fact t "o p] c5t h s]i\sly defective he>+4#be ,"u prop] & adequate m$ical inspection ( s*ools1 n only w\ld ! ne$ ( treatm5t = ad5oids & simil> tr\bles be br\ght to light1 ) ! result t a numb] ( incipi5t cases might be /opp$ 9 "t1 b 9 "s in/ances ( deafness already acquir$ b5eficial treatm5t might be possible4#bf ,!re is ?us a consid]able sph]e = action t[>ds ! prev5tion ( adv5titi\s deafness bo? by legislation & by education4 ,= ! ultimate solution ( its problems1 h[ev]1 we h to look ma9ly to ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,9 rec5t ye>s m$ical sci5ce has won "s great triumphs1 & 9 ! field ( ! prev5tion ( deafness no little may be 9 /ore to be accompli%$ 9 ! ye>s to come4#bg ,ev5 n[1 ) m p>ticul> att5tion to ! diseases ( *ildr51 & ) /rong] insi/5ce ^u g5]al sanit>y measures1 ! probabilities are t !re is less deafness f c]ta9 diseases ?an =m]ly--a matt] :i* we are soon to consid]4 ,?\gh z yet !re has be5 little direct action = ! prev5tion ( adv5titi\s deafness1 !re is an increas+ conc]n 9 ! matt]1 & 9 ?is !re is promise4 ,by m$ical bodies 9 p>ticul> is great] att5tion be+ giv5 to ! subject1#bh & 9 ! wid5+ recognition ( _! "p z gu>dians ( ! public heal? x may be possible = !m to d mu* = ! enlight5m5t ( ! public4 ,9 "o /ate legislative action has be5 tak5 expressly = ! protection ( ! he>+ ( s*ool *ildr54 ,?is is ,massa*usetts1 :i* requires ! exam9ation ( ! eyes & e>s ( ! s*ool *ildr5 9 e t[n & city1 ! /ate bo>d ( education furni%+ ! te/s4#bi ,9 "s /ates also g5]al inspection ( s*ools is m&atory by /atute1 & 9 o!rs p]missive1 :ile 9 sev]al !re are local ord9ances ) ! =ce ( a /ate law4 ,9 combat+ adv5titi\s deafness1 !n1 our attack is to be direct$ 9 ! l>ge/ "p ^u ^? diseases1 especially infantile & infecti\s diseases1 t cause deafness2 & x is ^u ! *eck+ ( _! spread t our ma9 ef=ts = ! pres5t h to be conc5trat$4 ,at ! same "t ! bett] safe-gu>d+ ( ! g5]al heal? ( ! community w insure a proportionate dim9ution ( deafness4 ,beyond ?is1 we w h to wait ^u ! developm5ts ( m$ical sci5ce1 bo? 9 ! /udy ( ! prev5tion ( diseases & ( _! treatm5t2 & c tru/ only to :at x may (f]4#cj ,,adv5titi\s ,,deafness ,,z ,,an ,,increas+ ,,or ,,decreas+ ,,ph5om5on ,our ma9 int]e/ 9 ! problem ( adv5titi\s deafness lies 9 ! possible discov]y :e!r or n x is relatively increas+ or decreas+ among ! population1 & 9 :at respects signs appe> ( a dim9ution4 ,we h j se5 ! likelihood ( a decrease f c]ta9 causes2 b we are to f9d :at is indicat$ by /ati/ical evid5ce4 ,to be consid]$ fir/ is adv5titi\s deafness z a :ole4 ,respect+ x our only /ati/ics are 9 ! returns ( ! c5suses s9ce #ahhj1 ! diff]5t =ms ( deafness n be+ di/+ui%$ be=e ?is "t4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ ! numb] ( ! adv5titi\sly deaf z report$ by ! c5suses ( #ahhj1 #ahij & #aijj1 ) _! respective p]c5tages & ratios p] million ( population4#ca ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,adv5titi\sly ,,deaf ,,9 #ahhj1 #ahij ,,& #aijj ,,total ,,adv5titi\sly ,,p]c5tage ,,ratio ,,numb] ,,deaf ,,p] ,,million ,,( ,,population #ahhj #cc1hgh #aj1ahg #cj4a #bj4c #ahij #dj1efb #af1gfg #da4a #bf4h #aijj #cg1dbf #ah1afd #dh4d #bc4i ,f ?is x appe>s t adv5titi\s deafness is increas+ 9 relation to total deafness1 :i* is mo/ likely ! case1 z cong5ital deafness1 z we %all see1 is evid5tly decreas+4 ,:e!r or n adv5titi\s deafness is increas+ 9 respect to ! g5]al population1 ! table does n disclose def9itely4 ,! /ati/ics probably are n full en\gh to af=d any real indication yet4 ,our next inquiry is 9 respect to ! increase or decrease ( adv5titi\s deafness f ! sev]al diseases individually1 :i* is1 ^u ! :ole1 ! m satisfactory te/4 ,"h also1 un=tunately1 our /ati/ics are v limit$1 & our f9d+s w h to fall mu* %ort ( :at c\ld be desir$4 ,! foll[+ table1 bas$ on ! returns ( ! c5suses ( #ahhj1 #ahij & #aijj1 s f> z ! approximate id5tity ( ! sev]al diseases c be e/abli%$1 w give ! respective p]c5tages f\nd4#cb ,,causes ,,( ,,adv5titi\s ,,deafness ,,9 #ahhj1 #ahij ,,& #aijj #ahhj #ahij #aijj ,sc>let fev] #g4i #aa4h #aa4a ,m5+itis #h4d #g4h #i4f ,cat>rh & cat>rhal fev]s #j4i #c4c #c4fcc ,diph!ria #j4b #j4e --#cd ,abscess & inflammation #a4j #b4e --#ce ,measles #a4c #b4e #b4e ,:oop+ c\gh #j4e #j4h --#cd ,mal>ial & typhoid fev]s #a4g #a4h #c4f ,o!r fev]s #a4a -- #b4j ,9 ?is table ! mo/ noticeable ?+ is p]haps ! p]si/5cy ) :i* we f9d mo/ ( ! diseases to recur1 ) app>5tly no great *ange1 :ile 9 c]ta9 ones1 z cat>rh & mal>ial & typhoid fev]s1 !re seems to be r an increase4 ,x w\ld be be/1 h[ev]1 n to place v great confid5ce 9 ^! figures1 b1 s f> z ! c5sus reports are conc]n$1 to wait = m precise & uni=m /ati/ics4 ,we h1 fur!r1 ! /ati/ics publi%$ 9 ! reports ( c]ta9 s*ools = ! deaf4 ,:ile ^! are p]haps n ( suffici5t ext5t to w>rant full conclusions1 !y may be reg>d$ z q repres5tative2#cf & ?\gh to be tak5 ) some?+ ( ! caution z ! c5sus figures1 !y may s]ve to ?r[ "s light ^u ! situation4 ,comp>ison ( ! proportions ( pupils deaf f ! sev]al diseases at diff]5t times may be made 9 two ways3 by f9d+ ! respective proportions ov] a s]ies ( successive ye>s f a c]ta9 "t back d[n to ! pres5t1 & by contra/+ ! proportions 9 two widely sep>at$ p]iods1 "o 9 ! pres5t & "o 9 ! pa/4 ,^! w be tak5 up 9 ord]4 ,! foll[+ tables give ! p]c5tages ( cases ( deafness 9 pupils f ! important diseases z f\nd 9 six s*ools 9 successive ye>s3 9 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution 9 ! total annual att5dance f #ahii to #aiab2 9 ! ,mi*igan ,s*ool 9 ! total bi5nial att5dance f #ahhc to #aiab2 9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution 9 ! numb] ( new pupils admitt$ quadri5nially f #ahdc to #aiab2 9 ! ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution 9 ! numb] admitt$ bi5nially f #ahhg to #aiab2 9 ! ,m>yl& ,s*ool 9 ! numb] admitt$ bi5nially f #ahhd to #aiaa2 & 9 ! ,wiscons9 ,s*ool 9 ! numb] admitt$ bi5nially f #ahhj to #aijh4 ,i4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,,in/itution ,,f #ahii ,,to #aiab #ahiiaijjaijaaijbaijcaijdaijeaijfaijgaij haiji ---------------------------------------- ---- ,total ,numb] #dff #dgf #dha #dgg #dfd #ejc #ejh #eaj #edc #eee #efe ---------------------------------------- ---- ,cong5ital #cf4jbg4abf4hdj4icf4bda4adf4bca4hcc4ccd4 dcd4i ,sc>let ,fev] #aa4daj4a #h4i #g4a #f4e #f4i #f4e #d4i #e4c #e4j #e4g ,m5+itis #i4e #i4d #g4g #g4i #g4h #g4iaa4jab4baf4hah4fag4g ,bra9 ,tr\ble #aj4a #i4b #h4c #h4a #g4b #e4i #e4i #g4a #i4j #h4c #h4g ,falls #i4j #g4b #e4d #d4e #c4i #d4b #c4h #e4b #e4i #f4a #f4j ,measles #e4a #c4h #c4h #b4a #c4i #d4e #d4a #d4a #d4h #d4g #d4d ,typhoid ,fev] #c4g #b4c #a4f #a4j #j4i #a4b #a4j #a4j #a4c #a4c #a4b ,convulsions #c4b #d4d #c4b #b4i #b4f #j4b #a4h #a4h #a4i #a4e #a4i ,v>i\s ,fev]s #b4e #a4e #a4d #a4j #a4g #a4f #a4f #a4f #a4e #a4c #j4g ,cat>rh #b4c #b4a #a4i #a4h #a4f #a4b #a4j #b4j #a4i #a4i #a4d ,diph!ria #a4i #a4g #a4i #a4j #j4i #j4d #j4f #j4h #j4i #j4i #j4g ,pneumonia #a4e #j4h #j4h #j4f #a4a #j4b #a4j #a4a #a4a #j4i #a4a ,:oop+ ,c\gh #a4g -- #a4f #a4b #a4a #a4j #j4h #j4f #j4i #j4i #j4e ,miscellane\s & ,unkn[n #b4abj4dbf4gai4hah4fbc4gad4gbe4iae4dad4b ae4a #aiajaiaaaiab ------------ ,total ,numb] #egj #edf #eah ------------ ,cong5ital #cb4hcd4fcf4f ,sc>let ,fev] #f4a #e4g #e4j ,m5+itis #ag4iai4jai4g ,bra9 ,tr\ble #h4c #h4j #h4i ,falls #e4a #e4e #e4f ,measles #d4f #j4b #j4g ,typhoid ,fev] #a4a #j4i #j4e ,convulsions #a4i #b4j #b4a ,v>i\s ,fev]s #j4e #j4e #j4g ,cat>rh #j4h #a4j #j4e ,diph!ria #j4g #j4g #j4e ,pneumonia #a4a #j4g #j4e ,:oop+ ,c\gh #j4e #j4e #j4b ,miscellane\s & ,unkn[n #ah4fbj4gah4e ,,ii4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,9 ,,mi*igan ,,s*ool ,,f #ahhc ,,to #aiab #ahhcahheahhgahhiahiaahicahieahigahiiaij aaijc #ahhdahhfahhhahijahibahidahifahihaijjaij baijd ---------------------------------------- ---- ,total ,numb] #cjb #ccf #cdb #cej #cdc #cfe #dbh #dab #dda #ddg #dea ---------------------------------------- ---- ,cong5ital #g4jah4hbc4abf4cbd4bbf4cbe4bcj4cbh4hca4e cb4h ,m5+itis #bh4hbh4abc4abc4aba4cae4hae4fad4eaj4b #i4b #d4f ,sc>let ,fev] #ab4baa4hab4caa4b #i4j #i4f #i4e #i4g #i4e #i4c #g4f ,bra9 ,fev] #f4b #f4e #d4h #c4g #e4b #f4i #f4f #f4c #e4d #c4h #c4h ,typhoid ,fev] #d4f #c4f #d4a #d4c #d4g #a4i #a4h #a4d #b4e #b4b #a4c ,measles #c4f #d4a #c4i #b4i #b4f #a4d #j4h #a4i #c4b #c4a #b4i ,diph!ria #j4f -- -- #j4c #j4c #j4c #j4b #j4b #j4d #j4b #j4d ,cat>rh #j4f #j4f #j4i #j4h #j4i #a4a #a4i -- #b4i #c4e #c4c ,v>i\s ,fev]s #b4i #a4e #b4j #b4f #c4j #d4d #d4d #a4g #b4i #b4i #c4c ,:oop+ ,c\gh #a4c #a4b #a4e #a4e #a4e #c4j #c4h #c4f #b4g #b4e #c4a ,pneumonia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #j4b #j4b #j4d ,la grippe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #j4i #a4a #a4f ,miscellane\s & ,unkn[n #cb4bbc4hbd4cbc4cbg4cbi4ccj4bcj4dcj4dca4 ecd4i #aijeaijgaijiaiaa #aijfaijhaiajaiab ---------------- ,total ,numb] #djd #cfa #ced #cec ---------------- ,cong5ital #cf4fce4gce4jca4b ,m5+itis #h4f #i4e #h4h #h4b ,sc>let ,fev] #f4i #e4h #c4f #d4e ,bra9 ,fev] #b4g #b4e #b4c #a4j ,typhoid ,fev] #a4j #a4d #a4e #a4g ,measles #b4i #d4a #c4d #c4a ,diph!ria #j4e #j4b #j4c #j4c ,cat>rh #b4h #a4i #b4e #j4h ,v>i\s ,fev]s #b4e #j4e #b4j #a4d ,:oop+ ,c\gh #c4d #d4d #d4h #e4a ,pneumonia -- #j4g #j4f #j4h ,la grippe #a4e #c4j #b4c -- ,miscellane\s & ,unkn[n #cj4fcj4ccb4ida4i ,,iii4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,9 ,,p5nsylvania ,,in/itution ,,f #ahdc ,,to #aiab #ahdcahdgaheaaheeaheiahfcahfgahgaahgeahg iahhc #ahdfahejahedahehahfbahffahgjahgdahghahh bahhf ---------------------------------------- ---- ,total ,numb] #ij #aaa #abe #adc #afg #aeb #aej #agh #bhb #bcc #bfa ---------------------------------------- ---- ,cong5ital #ed4deh4eef4jdf4hec4cdh4ddj4jdb4aca4bbd4 dcd4a ,sc>let ,fev] #ac4cah4jab4haf4h #i4fai4gaf4jah4fah4aac4gad4i ,m5+itis -- -- #j4h -- -- #b4j #a4c #i4fah4abe4gaf4d ,measles #a4a #b4g #a4f #b4h #b4d #c4c #d4j #a4a #a4g #b4f #a4i ,:oop+ ,c\gh #b4b #j4i #j4h #j4g #a4b #j4g #a4c #j4f #j4c #j4h -- ,cat>rh -- #j4i -- -- -- -- #j4g #j4f #b4a -- -- ,bra9 ,fev] -- -- #b4h #b4a -- #f4j #d4g -- -- -- #j4h ,typhoid ,fev] -- -- -- #a4d #j4f #j4g #b4f #b4g #b4a #b4f #c4d ,diph!ria -- -- -- -- -- -- #j4g -- -- -- -- ,pneumonia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,la grippe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,mis4 & ,unkn[n #bi4jai4bbe4bbi4dcb4iai4bbh4gbd4gbf4ccj4 bbh4e #ahhgahiaahieahiiaijcaijgaiaa #ahijahidahihaijbaijfaiajaiab ---------------------------- ,total ,numb] #bjg #bdh #bej #bci #bdj #bhb #aeb ---------------------------- ,cong5ital #dg4cdf4hda4fcb4bce4hcc4gcd4b ,sc>let ,fev] #ad4jad4aaa4b #f4caj4d #c4i #e4b ,m5+itis #e4h #e4f #g4f #h4d #g4aag4dae4a ,measles #c4i #c4b #d4d #d4f #d4e #c4e #c4i ,:oop+ ,c\gh #j4e #j4d #j4h #a4g #j4g #b4i #a4c ,cat>rh #c4i #d4h #f4h #d4b #a4b #b4e #a4c ,bra9 ,fev] #b4i #e4b #d4j #c4d #a4g #b4i #b4f ,typhoid ,fev] #b4i #c4f -- #b4e #j4g #c4i #a4c ,diph!ria #j4e #a4f #b4j #j4h #b4e #a4b #b4j ,pneumonia #j4e -- -- #j4h #j4d #a4b #d4h ,la grippe -- #j4d -- #b4a #a4b #j4c -- ,mis4 & ,unkn[n #ag4had4cba4fcc4jcc4hbf4fbh4c ,,iv4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,9 ,,we/]n ,,p5nsylvania ,,in/itution ,,f #ahhg ,,to #aiab #ahhgahhiahiaahicahieahigahiiaijaaijcaij eaijg #ahhhahijahibahidahifahihaijjaijbaijdaij faijh ---------------------------------------- ---- ,total ,numb] #fa #ef #eh #eh #di #dj #ej #da #aaj #ei #gc ---------------------------------------- ---- ,cong5ital #bd4fad4cbj4gcb4hdf4idj4fdj4jca4ich4bbe4 dcj4a ,sc>let ,fev] #i4hba4d #h4faj4daj4b #e4j #f4jab4b #h4caa4h #h4b ,m5+itis #af4ead4eac4haj4daj4bbj4jad4jag4a #g4baj4bac4g ,measles #d4i #a4i #e4baj4d #d4j -- #b4j #b4d #g4b #a4i #h4b ,cat>rh #c4b -- #g4f #a4i #b4j #e4j #b4j #i4f #b4g #c4h #d4a ,bra9 ,fev] #f4e #e4d #a4i #a4i -- #b4e -- #d4h #b4g #e4a #b4h ,typhoid ,fev] -- #a4i #e4b -- #f4j #b4e -- -- #a4h #a4i #d4a ,:oop+ ,c\gh #a4f -- #a4i -- #b4j -- #f4j #b4d #a4h #a4i #b4h ,diph!ria #a4f -- #a4i -- -- -- #d4j #b4d #a4h -- #a4d ,la grippe -- -- -- -- #b4j -- #b4j -- -- #a4i -- ,pneumonia -- -- -- -- -- #b4e #b4j -- -- #a4i #a4d ,miscellane\s & ,unkn[n #ca4ccj4fcc4bcb4baf4gbb4ebb4jag4bbh4ccd4 bbc4b #aijiaiaa #aiajaiab -------- ,total ,numb] #ga #gc -------- ,cong5ital #dj4icf4e ,sc>let ,fev] #aa4cab4g ,m5+itis #ad4a #i4f ,measles #b4h #f4h ,cat>rh #b4h #a4h ,bra9 ,fev] #a4d #d4a ,typhoid ,fev] #b4h -- ,:oop+ ,c\gh -- #a4h ,diph!ria #a4d #a4h ,la grippe -- -- ,pneumonia -- -- ,miscellane\s & ,unkn[n #bb4ebd4i ,v4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,9 ,,m>yl& ,,s*ool ,,f #ahhd ,,to #aiaa #ahhdahhfahhhahijahibahidahifahihaijjaij baijd #ahheahhgahhiahiaahicahieahigahiiaijaaij caije ---------------------------------------- ---- ,total ,numb] #bh #bg #be #be #bi #cj #cj #ci #bi #cj #bh ---------------------------------------- ---- ,cong5ital #df4dfb4idd4dcf4jcg4idc4cdc4cfa4edd4hdc4 ceg4a ,m5+itis #aj4gaa4a #h4jab4jaj4caj4f #f4g #b4fad4j #c4c #c4f ,sc>let ,fev] #aj4g #g4dab4jaf4j -- -- #f4g #e4b #c4eaj4j #g4b ,measles #c4f -- -- -- #c4e #c4c #f4g -- #c4e #c4c -- ,diph!ria -- -- -- -- #c4e #c4c #c4c #b4f -- #c4c #c4f ,cat>rh -- -- -- -- #c4e #c4c #c4c #e4b #c4e -- -- ,typhoid ,fev] -- -- #d4j -- -- -- -- -- -- #f4g -- ,:oop+ ,c\gh #c4f -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #c4e -- -- ,pneumonia #c4f -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #g4j -- #c4f ,bra9 ,fev] #g4b -- #d4j #h4j #c4e #c4c -- -- #g4j #c4c -- ,v>i\s ,fev]s -- -- #d4j #h4j #c4e -- -- #b4f -- #c4c #c4f ,miscellane\s & ,unkn[n #ad4bah4fbc4fbj4jcd4ccb4ibh4abb4jaf4gbc4 eba4c #aijfaijh #aiaj #aijgaiji #aiaa --------------- ,total ,numb] #da #cbacecg --------------- ,cong5ital #ec4gcd4d #ea4h ,m5+itis #b4dab4b #h4a ,sc>let ,fev] #i4f #c4a #a4d ,measles -- #c4c #b4b ,diph!ria -- -- #j4g ,cat>rh -- -- -- ,typhoid ,fev] #b4d #c4a #b4b ,:oop+ ,c\gh -- #c4a #a4d ,pneumonia #b4d #c4a #b4b ,bra9 ,fev] #d4h -- #b4i ,v>i\s ,fev]s #d4h -- #b4b ,miscellane\s & ,unkn[n #ai4icg4g #bd4a ,,vi4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,9 ,,wiscons9 ,,s*ool ,,f #ahgi ,,to #aijh #ahgiahha #ahhc #ahheahhgahhiahiaahicahieahig #ahhjahhb #ahhd #ahhfahhhahijahibahidahifahih ---------------------------------------- --- ,total ,numb] #cf #ffbcacg #ef #fg #ej #dd #gb #fd #gb ---------------------------------------- --- ,cong5ital #ad4cca4h #ce4ace4gdi4cch4jej4jdj4cec4aeb4g ,m5+itis #bg4gcc4c #cg4gcc4ibh4ccb4jae4iab4eca4bai4d ,sc>let ,fev] #ad4c #f4j #ab4e -- #h4iab4jbj4daa4a #d4g #f4i ,measles #ab4h #c4j #a4e -- #b4i -- #b4c #d4a #c4a -- ,typhoid ,fev] -- #f4j #g4d #a4h -- #b4j #b4c -- #a4f -- ,:oop+ ,c\gh -- -- #a4c #a4h #a4e -- -- -- -- #a4d ,diph!ria -- -- -- -- -- #b4j #d4f -- -- #a4d ,cat>rh -- -- #a4c -- -- -- -- -- #a4f #e4e ,bra9 ,fev] -- -- -- -- #b4i -- -- #aa4a -- -- ,miscellane\s & ,unkn[n #cj4iai4i #c4bbf4h #f4bad4j #d4ebj4i #d4gab4g #ahiiaijaaijcaijeaijg #aijjaijbaijdaijfaijh -------------------- ,total ,numb] #fb #cc #cc #fc #gj -------------------- ,cong5ital #fd4ccc4cdh4dcd4idj4j ,m5+itis #af4a #i4a #c4j #f4c #e4g ,sc>let ,fev] #d4g #f4a -- #i4e #h4f ,measles -- #c4j #c4f #a4f #d4c ,typhoid ,fev] #c4b #f4a -- #c4b #a4d ,:oop+ ,c\gh -- -- -- #a4f #b4h ,diph!ria #a4f -- -- #c4b #a4d ,cat>rh #a4f #c4j #i4a #c4b #b4h ,bra9 ,fev] -- #f4a #c4f #d4h #d4c ,miscellane\s & ,unkn[n #h4ecc4cca4cca4gbh4g ,we may take ^! tables toge!r to see h[ ! proportions ( deafness f ! lead+ diseases h *ang$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! sev]al p]iods indicat$1 prop] all[ance be+ made = ! %ort] l5g? ( "t cov]$ 9 "s s*ools ?an 9 o!rs4 ,9 respect to sc>let fev]1 "o ( ! two =emo/ causes1 we f9d 9 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 ! ,mi*igan ,s*ool & ! ,m>yl& ,s*ool1 a di/9ct & /eady decl9e2 9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution a decl9e ( late ye>s1 :i* is especially significant 9 view ( ! ext5d$ p]iod cov]$ by x2 & 9 ! ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania & ! ,wiscons9 ,s*ool little *ange1 ?\gh 9 ! latt] !re is less ?an at ! beg9n+4 ,9 m5+itis1 on ! o!r h&1 ! second ( ! two mo/ important causes1 a m>k$ increase is se5 9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution = ! entire p]iod1 :ile 9 ! ,new ,york a %>p increase is f\nd 9 ! "t designat$1 ?is be+ all ! m noticeable because ( ! l>ge proportion already attribut$ "h to convulsions1 (t5 a tr\ble ( k9dr$ orig94 ,9 ! ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution & ! ,m>yl& ,s*ool little *ange is obs]v$1 ?\gh 9 ! latt] "s decl9e is app>5t 9 ! lat] ye>s4 ,9 ! ,wiscons9 & ,mi*igan s*ools a v /rong decl9e is se54 ,on some:at ! same ord] z m5+itis is bra9 fev]4 ,x1 h[ev]1 %[s little *ange on ! :ole1 ?\gh 9 ! ,mi*igan & ,m>yl& s*ools & ! ,new ,york ,in/itution "s decl9e is evid5t4 ,( ! rema9+ diseases none plays s+ly a l>ge "p 9 ! causation ( deafness1 & 9 mo/ ( !m ! results are simil>4 ,measles1 typhoid fev]1 diph!ria1 pneumonia1 & :oop+ c\gh %[1 ) "s fluctuations at times1 little *ange on ! :ole1 beyond c]ta9 local diff]5ces4 ,9 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution a decl9e is report$ 9 ne>ly all4 ,9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution a r l>g] proportion = measles is se5 9 lat] ?an 9 e>li] ye>s4 ,9 ! ,mi*igan ,s*ool an increase seems to be ! case ) :oop+ c\gh1 b a decrease ) typhoid fev]4 ,9 cat>rh ! results are n s uni=m4 ,9 ! ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania in/itutions a decl9e is manife/1 ?\gh 9 ! latt] a l>g] proportion is report$ ?an at ! beg9n+4 ,9 ! ,mi*igan & ,wiscons9 s*ools r an increase is not$4 ,la grippe is only report$ occasionally ( late ye>s1 & its real effects _c yet be asc]ta9$4 ,) respect to g5]al fev]s1 _! classification is f\nd to be s v>y+ t little c be det]m9$4 ,we n[ proce$ to make comp>ison ( ! proportions ( deafness f ! pr9cipal diseases 9 a s]ies ( ye>s "s "t pa/ ) simil> proportions 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,! foll[+ tables give ! sev]al proportions 9 ! ,am]ican ,s*ool 7,connecticut7 9 ! entire att5dance f #ahag to #ahdd & f #ahag to #aheg1 & 9 ! new admissions f #aija to #aiac2 9 ! ,ohio ,s*ool 9 ! entire att5dance f #ahbi to #ahgb1 & 9 ! av]age annual att5dance 9 #aijd1 #aije1 #aijf1 & #aiaa2 9 ! ,i[a ,s*ool 9 ! entire att5dance f #ahee to #ahgj & f #ahee to #aiab2 & 9 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution 9 ! entire att5dance f #ahah to #ahec & 9 ! av]age annual att5dance f #ahii to #aiab4ch ,i4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,9 ,,am]ican ,,s*ool ,,f #ahag ,,to #ahdd1 ,,f #ahag ,,to #aheg1 ,,& ,,f #aija ,,to #aiac4 ,,p]iod ,,total ,,numb] ,,cong5ital ,,sc>let ,,fev] ,,m5+itis ,,typhoid ,,fev] ,,measles ,,:oop+ ,,c\gh ,,g5]al ,,fev]s ,,bra9 ,,fev] ,,pneumonia ,,diph!ria ,,cat>rh ,,unkn[n ,,& ,,mis4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #ahag-ahdd #gfadd4h #e4g #f4a --#a4fa4ff4g -- -- -- -- #cc4e #ahag-ahegajhaej4a #i4b #d4f --#a4ha4ce4c -- -- -- -- #bg4g #aija-aiac #cajce4b #g4g #aa4cc4ba4ca4ca4ie4hj4fa4ca4j #bi4d ,,ii4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,9 ,,ohio ,,s*ool ,,f #ahbi ,,to #ahgb ,,& ,,f #aijd ,,to #aiaa4 ,,p]iod ,,total ,,numb] ,,cong5ital ,,sc>let ,,fev] ,,m5+itis ,,typhoid ,,fev] ,,measles ,,:oop+ ,,c\gh ,,g5]al ,,fev]s ,,bra9 ,,fev] ,,pneumonia ,,diph!ria ,,cat>rh ,,unkn[n ,,& ,,mis4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #ahbi-ahgbabebcc4haj4c #c4ja4hc4ba4gd4fe4g --#j4c -- #ce4f #aijd-aiaa --#ch4i #e4j #i4ba4db4ha4ga4ae4cj4ej4ec4e #cj4a ,,iii4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,9 ,,i[a ,,s*ool ,,f #ahee ,,to #ahgj ,,& ,,f #ahee ,,to #aiab4 ,,p]iod ,,total ,,numb] ,,cong5ital ,,sc>let ,,fev] ,,m5+itis ,,typhoid ,,fev] ,,measles ,,:oop+ ,,c\gh ,,g5]al ,,fev]s ,,bra9 ,,fev] ,,pneumonia ,,diph!ria ,,cat>rh ,,unkn[n ,,& ,,mis4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #ahee-ahgj #bdehg4bac4d #c4ca4fb4ja4cf4aa4c -- -- -- #cc4h #ahee-aiabafgbbf4iaj4c #ad4ia4gb4ba4gj4ag4jj4cj4ha4g #cb4d ,,iv4 ,,causes ,,( ,,deafness ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,,in/itution ,,f #ahah ,,to #ahec ,,& ,,f #ahii ,,to #aiab4 ,,p]iod ,,total ,,numb] ,,cong5ital ,,sc>let ,,fev] ,,m5+itis ,,typhoid ,,fev] ,,measles ,,:oop+ ,,c\gh ,,g5]al ,,fev]s ,,bra9 ,,fev] ,,pneumonia ,,diph!ria ,,cat>rh ,,unkn[n ,,& ,,mis4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #ahah-ahecaadhdb4i #g4b--ci --#a4ij4ga4f -- -- -- -- #de4g #ahii-aiab --#ch4j #f4h #ac4aa4cc4dj4ha4ch4aj4ij4ia4g #bc4g ,tak+ ^! tables also collectively1 we f9d 9 respect to sc>let fev] a decl9e 9 all ! s*ools1 ?is be+ especially pron\nc$ 9 ! case ( ! ,ohio4 ,9 m5+itis1 h[ev]1 !re is an increase s heavy z to call 9 "q ! accuracy ( ! e>li] records2 & x is possible t x fail$ to be entirely recogniz$ !n4 ,9 mo/ ( ! o!r diseases1 z 9 ! previ\s case1 no v great *ange is p]ceptible4 ,9 g5]al fev]s a decl9e is app>5t 9 all1 9 mo/ be+ consid]able2 & probably sev]al diseases 7 =m]ly includ$ :i* are n[ li/$ sep>ately4 ,9 measles r a decl9e is f\nd 9 ! ,am]ican & ,ohio s*ools1 b a slight increase 9 ! ,i[a1 & a some:at l>g] "o 9 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution4 ,9 typhoid fev] !re is a slight increase also 9 ! ,i[a ,s*ool1 b a decrease 9 ! ,ohio4 ,9 bra9 fev] a consid]able increase is obs]v$ 9 ! ,i[a ,s*ool1 b a slight decrease likewise 9 ! ,ohio4 ,9 :oop+ c\gh !re is an increase 9 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution & ! ,i[a ,s*ool1 b a decrease 9 ! ,am]ican4 ,su* diseases z pneumonia1 diph!ria & cat>rh seem n usually to h be5 sep>ately classifi$ 9 ! pa/1 ?\gh 9 ! ,ohio ,s*ool we f9d diph!ria not$1 & ) some:at small] proportions ?an 9 lat] ye>s2 :ile 9 sev]al ( ! s*ools we f9d colds giv5 9 =m] times1 :i* may h be5 9 "p really cat>rh4 ,comb9+ n[ ! results ( our two gr\ps ( tables1 we may be able to rea* "s conclusions ) respect to ! increase or decrease ( deafness f c]ta9 diseases1 ?\gh on ! :ole f> less def9ite ?an we c\ld wi%4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x seems safe to affirm t deafness f sc>let fev] is becom+ relatively less ) ! ye>s2 & x is possible t if x cont9ues its pres5t rate ( decl9e1 x w 9 "t cease to be "o ( ! ma9 causes ( deafness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 m5+itis1 its great companion 9 evil1 %[s a /rik+ increase 9 comp>ison ) pa/ ye>s1 z a cause ( adv5titi\s deafness2 :ile its accretion may be trac$ z well 9 a s]ies ( rec5t ye>s 9 c]ta9 s*ools1 ?\gh n 9 o!rs4 ,b h[ f> !re is an absolute increase 9 m5+itis ov] ! pa/1 & :e!r x is t5d+ at pres5t actually to increase1 may be a matt] = "q4 ,9 view ( ! possibility t ! disease 0 n suffici5tly acc\nt$ = 9 ! pa/1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( any k to indicate a reason = its less preval5ce 9 e>li] ye>s1 at lea/ n to ! ext5t indicat$ by ! /ati/ics1 x may be t its increase is1 aft] all1 m app>5t ?an real4 ,! fact1 moreov]1 t 9 ! s]ies ( rec5t ye>s a m>k$ increase is f\nd 9 "s s*ools1 b a m>k$ decl9e 9 o!rs1 may p]haps be tak5 to mean t at pres5t m5+itis may be on ! increase only 9 c]ta9 sections1 dep5d+ possibly on local conditions4 ,) ! great] m$ical skill ( to-day1 & ) a l>g] proportion ( *ildr5 9 ! s*ools1 x may be op5 to consid]able d\bt if ! movem5t ( ?is disease is really "o ( increase1 ?\gh x seems t we are on ! :ole mak+ no great headway aga9/ x4 ,z to ! m9or diseases caus+ deafness1 our /ati/ics d n indicate j to :at ext5t & 9 :at direction deafness f !m is be+ affect$1 & no precise conclusions c at pres5t be set d[n4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ) ! increas$ att5tion to *ildr5's diseases1 z we h not$1 !re is really less deafness f mo/ ( !m ?an =m]ly4#dj ,,! ,,cong5itally ,,deaf ,:5 we come to consid] ! "q ( cong5ital deafness1 :i* comprises a little ov] a ?ird ( ! total am\nt ( deafness1 we h an ev5 m difficult problem on our h&s1 = "h we are to deal ) "s ( ! great que/ions ( h]$ity--?\gh h]$it>y deafness & cong5ital deafness are n altoge!r "o & ! same ?+4#da ,= ! purposes ( our inquiry1 let u ?9k ( ! cong5itally deaf z divid$ into ?ree great classes 9 respect to _! family relations3 #a4 ! (fspr+ ( p>5ts :o 7 c\s9s2 #b4 ! (fspr+ ( p>5ts :o 7 !mselves deaf or memb]s ( families 9 :i* !re are o!r deaf relatives2 & #c4 ! product ( families )\t ei!r consangu9ity or antec$5t deafness4 ,( ^! ?ree classes ! fir/ two only w engage our att5tion4 ,( ! la/1 compris+1 accord+ to ! c5sus1 n9e-tw5tie?s1 or #dd4d p] c5t1 ( ! cong5itally deaf1 !re is n mu* t we c say4 ,= a great "p ( x !re no d\bt exi/s 9 ! p>5t1 or p]haps 9 a m remote ance/or1 "s abnormal /ra91 physical or m5tal1 9 ! nature ( disease or o!r defect4 ,b 9 respect to su* deafness we h too little 9 ! way ( /ati/ical data to help u arrive at any real det]m9ation2 & = x z a :ole we %all h to wait till we h great] k ( eug5ics & ! laws ( h]$ity4#db ,,! ,,(fspr+ ,,( ,,consangu9e\s ,,m>riages ,n all ! deaf born ( consangu9e\s m>riages are cong5itally deaf1 b z ! majority are s1 & z ! fact ( ! p>5ts be+ blood relatives is assum$ to h at lea/ a contribut+ influ5ce 9 ! result1 we may consid] ! matt] 9 ?is place4 ,x is 9 fact closely connect$ ) ! "q ( deaf relatives 9 g5]al4 ,9 ! c5sus inve/igations1#dc ( ! numb] :o answ]$ on ?is po9t1 #b1ebe1 or #g4d p] c5t1 h p>5ts :o 7 c\s9s4 ,( ^! cases1 deafness occurr$ 9 #hg p] c5t be=e ! fif? ye> ( age1 & 9 #fj p] c5t at bir?4 ,( all ! deaf born )\t he>+1 #ac4e p] c5t are ! (fspr+ ( consangu9e\s m>riages4 ,! proportion ( ^? born deaf is ?us ne>ly twice z great :5 ! p>5ts are c\s9s z x is among ! :ole class ( ! cong5itally deaf2 & ! proportion is also ne>ly twice z great ( ! (fspr+ ( consangu9e\s m>riages among ! cong5itally deaf z ! proportion ( ! deaf f su* m>riages among ! total numb] ( ! deaf4 ,moreov]1 #ee4j p] c5t ( ! (fspr+ ( c\s9-m>riages h deaf relatives ( "s k9d1 & ( ! cong5itally deaf f c\s9-m>riages1 #fe4f p] c5t h deaf relatives2 :ile ! respective proportions :5 ! p>5ts are n c\s9s are #be4e p] c5t & #dj4g p] c5t--9 ! "o case less ?an half1 & 9 ! o!r two-?irds1 z great4 ,fur!r /ati/ics be> out ! f9d+s ( ! c5sus4 ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,fay 9 8 ,m>riages ( ! ,deaf#dd--;a "w we are soon to notice--f9ds t1 ?\gh consangu9e\s m>riages =m only ab\t "o p] c5t ( ! total numb] consid]$1 #cj4j p] c5t ( ! *ildr5 ( deaf p>5ts :o are c\s9s are deaf1 & t #de4a p] c5t ( su* m>riages result 9 deaf (fspr+2 b t :5 ! p>5ts are n c\s9s1 ! respective proportions are #h4c p] c5t & #i4c p] c5t--only ab\t a f\r? & a fif? z great4 ,9 ! ,colorado ,s*ool1 out ( #efg pupils 9 att5dance f ! beg9n+ to #aiab1 9 #ag1 or #c p] c5t1 ! p>5ts 7 relat$ be=e m>riage4 ,9 ! ,k5tucky ,s*ool1 out ( #hc pupils admitt$ 9 #aiaj & #aiaa1 #ah1 or #ai4c p] c5t1 & out ( #db admitt$ 9 #aiab & #aiac1 #h1 or #ai p] c5t1 7 ! (fspr+ ( p>5ts :o 7 c\s9s4 ,9 ! ,i[a ,s*ool1 out ( #fb admissions 9 #aiaa & #aiab1 #d1 or #f4e p] c5t1 & 9 ! ,m>yl& ,s*ool1 out ( a total att5dance 9 #aiaa ( #ace1 #ac1 or #i4b p] c5t1 _h p>5ts :o 7 c\s9s4#de ,consangu9e\s m>riages1 s f> z ! effect on deafness is conc]n$1 are n ( relatively frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,b :]e !y d take place1 !re is f\nd a decid$ connection betwe5 !m & deafness1 ! increas$ t5d5cy ?us to transmit a physical abnormality be+ pla94 ,h[ f>1 h[ev]1 if at all1 su* deafness is to be directly ascrib$ to consangu9e\s m>riages1 is a matt] = "q4 ,! ma9 consid]ation seems to be t 9 su* m>riages ! *ances are at lea/ d\bl$ ( ! (fspr+ acquir+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! p>5ts2 & t 9 !m ! liability is ?us proportionately enhanc$ ( transmitt+ deafness4#df ,,! ,,deaf ,,hav+ ,,deaf ,,relatives ,we are n[ to exam9e :at traces !re may be ( deafness 9 a family by not+ :at proportion ( ! deaf h deaf relatives1 & are to attempt to see :at may be its be>+s ^u ! "q ( h]$ity4 ,9 ! c5sus inve/igations1#dg we f9d t out ( #cd1ghj deaf p]sons :o answ]$1 !re are #aj1jcc1 or #bh4h p] c5t1 :o h deaf relatives ( "s k9d1 direct or collat]al1 #h1agj1 or #bc4e p] c5t1 hav+ deaf bro!rs1 si/]s or ance/ors4 ,9 all ( ^! we c )\t difficulty discov] ! influ5ce ( h]$ity4 ,9 ! cong5itally deaf ! trace ( a physical defect is ev5 m cle>ly indicat$4 ,( ^! #dj4a p] c5t h deaf bro!rs1 si/]s or ance/ors1 & #df4b p] c5t h also deaf uncles1 c\s9s1 etc4#dh ,x is ?us evid5t t !re are c]ta9 families 9 society deeply t+$ ) deafness1 t x sometimes passes f p>5t to *ild1 f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & t l a cl\d x hangs ov] a section ( ! race4 ,,! ,,(fspr+ ,,( ,,deaf ,,p>5ts ,all ?is argum5t leads up to "o mo/ p]t95t "q3 ,are ! /ati/ics :i* we h indicative t ?is deafness :i* passes s remorselessly 9 c]ta9 families w be f\nd all ! /rong] 9 ! *ildr5 ( deaf p>5ts8 ,h we gr\nd to believe or fe> t ?is deafness w crop out f> m surely ?an 9 ! *ildr5 ( p>5ts n deaf8 ,& c we det]m9e to :at ext5t possibilities are increas$ ( ! (fspr+ ( deaf p>5ts be+ likewise deaf8 ,let u n[ consid] ! /ati/ics :i* we h 9 ?is matt]1 fir/ exam9+ ! results ( ! c5sus inve/igation4#di ,( ! #h1jbb m>ri$ deaf p]sons = :om /atem5ts are made1 we f9d t !re are #aij :o h deaf (fspr+1 or #b4d p] c5t4 ,( ! #d1aaf deaf p]sons :o are m>ri$ to deaf p]sons1 #acg h deaf *ildr51 or #c4c p] c5t2 & ( ! #c1ijf deaf p]sons m>ri$ to he>+ p]sons1 #ec h deaf *ildr51 or #a4d p] c5t4 ,( ! m>ri$ deaf hav+ deaf *ildr51 #eb4e p] c5t h deaf relatives ( "s k9d1 & #ed4g p] c5t are cong5itally deaf1 ! proportion ( ^? hav+ deaf relatives :o are also cong5itally deaf be+ #ff4g p] c5t4 ,( ! deaf m>ri$ to he>+ p>tn]s1 :o h deaf *ildr51 #bf4d p] c5t are cong5itally deaf1 :ile #ej4i p] c5t ( ! p>tn]s 9 su* m>riages h deaf relatives ( "s k9d4 ,f ! c5sus /ati/ics1 !n1 x appe>s t ! m>ri$ deaf z a class d n h a l>ge proportion ( deaf *ildr51 & t ?is proportion is only a little m ?an twice z great :5 ! deaf are m>ri$ to ! deaf z :5 !y are m>ri$ to ! he>+4 ,x appe>s also1 h[ev]1 t :5 !re are deaf relatives involv$ 9 ei!r k9d ( m>riages1 or :5 !re is cong5ital deafness 9 ! deaf p>5t1 ! effect is q m>k$ 9 ! (fspr+4 ,besides ! c5sus returns1 we h ! /ati/ics pres5t$ 9 ! reports ( c]ta9 s*ools1 :i* are f\nd to po9t1 z f> z !y g1 to ! same conclusions4 ,9 ! ,k5tucky ,s*ool1 out ( #hc pupils admitt$ 9 #aiaj & #aiaa1 !re 7 none ! *ildr5 ( deaf p>5ts1 ?\gh #ce1 or #cj4a p] c5t1 _h deaf relatives2 & out ( #db admitt$ 9 #aiab & #aiac1 !re 7 #b1 or #d4h p] c5t1 ! *ildr5 ( deaf p>5ts1 & #ab1 or #bh4h p] c5t1 ) deaf relatives4 ,9 ! ,i[a ,s*ool1 out ( #fb admissions 9 #aiaa & #aiab1 #d1 or #f4e p] c5t1 _h deaf p>5ts1 & #ba1 or #cc4i p] c5t1 defective relatives4 ,9 ! ,mi*igan ,s*ool1 ) an annual enrollm5t ( "s ?ree hundr$1 !re 7 f #aijc to #aijh b ?ree *ildr5 ( deaf p>5ts4#ej ,9 ! ,colorado ,s*ool1 out ( a total att5dance s9ce its f\nd+ to #aiab ( #efg1 #c1 or #j4eg p] c5t1 7 ! *ildr5 ( deaf p>5ts1 ?\gh #hc1 or #ad4f p] c5t1 _h deaf relatives4 ,9 ! ,miss\ri ,s*ool1 out ( a simil> att5dance to #aiab ( #b1agd !re 7 #eb1 or #b4d p] c5t1 ) deaf p>5ts1 ?\gh !re 7 #bce1 or #aj4h p] c5t1 ) deaf relatives4#ea ,! mo/ exhau/ive /udy ( ! "q ( ! liability ( ! deaf to deaf (fspr+ is t ( ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,fay 9 8 ,m>riages ( ! ,deaf--cov]+ ! majority ( ! m>riages ( ! deaf 9 ,am]ica at ! "t x 0 made 7#ahih74eb ,/ati/ical in=mation is pres5t$ = #g1bbg deaf p]sons & = #c1jgh m>riages ) ei!r deaf or he>+ p>tn]s4#ec ,9 ! foll[+ table are summ>iz$ ! results ( ?is inve/igation4#ed ,,m>riages ,,( ,,deaf ,,p]sons ,,numb] ,,( ,,numb] ,,( ,,m>riages ,,*ildr5 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,p>tn]s 9 ,m>riage ,total ,result+,p] ,total ,deaf,p] 9 deaf c5t c5t *ildr5 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,"o or bo? deaf #c1jgh #cjj #i4g #f1ghb #ehh #h4f ,bo? deaf #b1cgg #bbj #i4b #e1jgb #dbi #h4d ,"o deaf1 o!r he>+ #eii #ge #ab4e #a1ecb #aea #i4h ,"o or bo? cong5itally deaf #a1dgg #aid #ac4a #c1dja #dac #ab4a ,"o or bo? adv5titi\sly deaf #b1bab #abd #e4f #d1gja #aii #d4b ,bo? cong5itally deaf #cce #hc #bd4g #ggi #bjb #be4i ,"o cong5itally1 o!r adv5titi\sly deaf #had #ff #h4a #a1hbj #aai #f4e ,bo? adv5titi\sly deaf #hde #cj #c4e #a1gbj #dj #b4c ,"o cong5itally deaf1 o!r he>+ #aia #bh #ad4f #ebh #fc #aa4i ,"o adv5titi\sly deaf1 o!r he>+ #caj #aj #c4b #gac #af #b4b ,bo? _h deaf relatives #dcg #ajc #bc4e #a1jfj #bbb #bj4i ,"o _h deaf relatives1 o!r n #eda #cf #f4f #a1baj #gh #f4d ,nei!r _h deaf relatives #dga #aa #b4c #a1jdd #ac #a4b ,bo? cong5itally deaf ,bo? _h deaf relatives #agb #di #bh4d #dbi #acj #cj4c ,"o _h deaf relatives1 o!r n #di #h #af4c #aje #ba #bj4j ,nei!r _h deaf relatives #ad #a #g4a #bd #a #d4a ,bo? adv5titi\sly deaf ,bo? _h deaf relatives #eg #aj #ag4e #aad #aa #i4f ,"o _h deaf relatives1 o!r n #afg #g #d4a #ceg #aj #b4h ,nei!r _h deaf relatives #bhd #b #j4g #eej #b #j4c ,p>tn]s consangu9e\s #ca #ad #de4a #ajj #cj #cj4j ,x is ?us se5 t #i4g p] c5t ( ! m>riages ( ! deaf result 9 deaf (fspr+1 & t #h4f p] c5t ( ! *ildr5 born ( !m are deaf--proportions f> great] ?an = ! ! population g5]ally4#ee ,a /rik+ fact to be not$1 h[ev]1 is t ^! proportions are great] :5 "o p>5t is deaf & ! o!r he>+ ?an :5 bo? are deaf4 ,! p]c5tage ( m>riages result+ 9 deaf (fspr+ :5 only "o p>5t is deaf is #ab4e1 & :5 bo? are deaf1 #i4b2 :ile ! p]c5tage ( deaf *ildr5 born ( !m :5 only "o p>5t is deaf is #i4h1 & :5 bo? are deaf1 #h4d4 ,?is is app>5tly a v /range result1 ?\gh x probably may be acc\nt$ = 9 "s "p on ! !ory t x is n s mu* deafness itself t is inh]it$1 b r an abnormality ( ! auditory organs1 or a t5d5cy to disease1 ( :i* deafness is a result or symptom1 & t ) diff]5t pa?ological conditions 9 ! p>5t !re is less likelihood ( deafness result+4 ,! mo/ significant "p ( ! results seems to be f\nd1 z be=e1 9 respect to :e!r or n deaf p>5ts are !mselves cong5itally deaf or h deaf relatives4 ,on ! "o h&1 :5 "o or bo? ( ! p>5ts are adv5titi\sly deaf1 ! p]c5tage ( m>riages result+ 9 deaf *ildr5 is #e4f1 & ! p]c5tage ( deaf *ildr5 is #d4b2 :5 bo? p>5ts are s1 ! p]c5tages are l[]3 #c4e & #b4c4 ,! p]c5tages rise :5 "o p>5t is adv5titi\sly deaf1 & ! o!r cong5itally3 #h4a & #f4e4 ,9 respect to deaf relatives ( p>5ts1 ! p]c5tages are v l[ :5 nei!r has su* relatives3 #b4c & #a4b4 ,! l[e/ p]c5tages ( all are 9 ! case :]e bo? p>5ts are adv5titi\sly deaf & nei!r has deaf relatives3 #j4g & #j4c4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we f9d ! proportion ( m>riages result+ 9 deaf (fspr+ & ! proportion ( deaf *ildr5 mu* great] :5 !re is cong5ital deafness 9 "o or bo? p>5ts1 :5 "o or bo? h deaf relatives1 & greate/ ( all :5 ^! influ5ces are comb9$4 ,:5 "o or bo? p>5ts are cong5itally deaf1 ! p]c5tage ( m>riages result+ 9 deaf (fspr+ is #ac4a1 & ! p]c5tage ( deaf *ildr5 is #ab4a2 :5 bo? p>5ts are s1 ! p]c5tages are d\bl$3 #bd4g & #be4i4 ,:5 "o p>5t has deaf relatives & ! o!r has n1 ! p]c5tages are #f4f & #f4d2 :5 bo? h1 ! p]c5tages are ne>ly f\r times z great3 #bc4e & #bj4i4 ,:5 bo? p>5ts are cong5itally deaf b nei!r has deaf relatives1 ! p]c5tages are #g4a & #d4a4 ,:5 bo? are adv5titi\sly deaf & bo? h deaf relatives1 ! p]c5tages are #ag4e & #i4f4 ,:5 bo? are cong5itally deaf & "o has deaf relatives1 ! p]c5tages are #af4c & #bj4j2 & :5 bo? h deaf relatives1 ! p]c5tages are #bh4d & #cj4c4 ,! evid5ce is v /rong1 !n1 ) reg>d to ! =m ( deafness & ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( deaf relatives4 ,9 cases :]e ! p>5ts are n cong5itally deaf & h no deaf relatives1 ! proportion ( deaf *ildr5 is v l[4 ,:5 "o or bo? p>5ts are cong5itally deaf or h deaf relatives--:5 ! deafness is inh]it$ or 9 ! family--! likelihood becomes f> great]1 & great] /ill :5 ! two influ5ces are 9 conjunction4 ,9 g5]al1 9 respect to ! influ5ces ( h]$ity ^u deafness1 ! ma9 det]m9ants seem to be f\nd 9 ! exi/5ce 9 ! p>ties1 :e!r he>+ or deaf1 ( deaf relatives1 &1 to a less ext5t1 9 ! exi/5ce 9 p>ties :o are deaf ( cong5ital deafness4 ,,possible ,,action ,,= ,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,cong5ital ,,deafness ,we come n[ to ! consid]ation ( ! "q ( possible action = ! prev5tion ( cong5ital deafness4 ,?is exam9ation naturally c5t]s ab\t ! matt] ( ! regulation ( m>riage1 ) due att5tion to ! ext5t t action on ! "p ( ! /ate is to be reg>d$ z desirable or feasible4 ,we h se5 t cong5ital deafness may1 hypo!tically1 be divid$ into ?ree di/+ui%able classes3 t 9 :i* consangu9e\s m>riages are conc]n$1 t 9 :i* !re is antec$5t deafness 9 ! family1 & t 9 :i* nei!r ( ^! conditions occurs2 & 9 our inquiry x has seem$ be/ to take up ea* ( ^! sep>ately4 ,x may be1 h[ev]1 t !re is 9 fact no v radical diff]5ce betwe5 ^! sev]al =ms1 & t ) increas$ k on ! subject a m or less intimate relation w be f\nd to exi/4 ,( t =m ( deafness 9 :i* nei!r consangu9e\s m>riages nor antec$5t deafness is involv$1 we are at pres5t1 z we h not$1 able to say little def9itely4 ,9 mo/ cases we may be conv9c$ t !re exi/s 9 ! p>5t "s peculi> /ate ( morbidity or o!r affection1 lat5t or manife/1 p]haps to "s ext5t ( h]$it>y influ5ce1 :i* has an effect on ! organs ( he>+ ( ! (fspr+4 ,a c]ta9 proportion is q possibly due to recognizable defects bo? ( physical & m5tal "*4 ,our /ati/ical evid5ce1 h[ev]1 9 respect to ?is =m ( cong5ital deafness is too slight to w>rant any positive d$uctions2 & we w h to wait = fur!r inve/igation to det]m9e its nature fully4 ,none ! less1 m>riage ( p]sons kn[n to be liable to h ill effect on possible (fspr+ is objectionable = n a few reasons1 f ! /&po9t ( ! int]e/s ( society2 & 9 _! r$uction !re w probably be a great] or less dim9ution ( cong5ital deafness4 ,) reg>d to consangu9e\s m>riages & _! effect on deafness we are on sur] gr\nd1 s f> z may be indicat$ by /ati/ical data4 ,?is "q is f\nd 9 v great measure to be connect$ ) t ( deaf relatives 9 g5]al4 ,! matt] appe>s to be l>gely a "p ( a law ( wide application1 namely1 t 9 ! blood relation%ip ( p>5ts ! possibilities are int5sifi$ ( ! p]petuation ( a c]ta9 /ra91 :i* holds true no less ) ! transmission ( deafness4 ,consangu9e\s m>riages are p]haps n ( suffici5tly frequ5t occurr5ce1 s f> z conc]ns ! effect on deafness1 to require special action2 b 9 ! consid]ation ( su* m>riages 9 g5]al1 _! "p 9 ! causation ( deafness %\ld h due weight2 & :atev] may be said reg>d+ !m 9 o!r relations1 !y are to be avoid$ if we wi% to remove all *ances ( ?is k9d ( deafness result+4 ,! problem ( deaf relatives & _! connection ) cong5ital deafness is a v l>ge "o4 ,att5tion h[ev]1 has mo/ly be5 focus$ ^u x 9 relation to ! int]m>riage ( ! deaf & its effect ^u _! (fspr+4 ,inde$1 9 su* unions !re has already be5 m or less conc]n1 & !re has ev5 be5 "q :e!r x is a wise or unwise policy to all[ ! deaf to m>ry o!r deaf p]sons4 ,! deaf1 z we %all discov]1 n only f9d _! companions = social int]c\rse among simil> deaf p]sons1 b a =tiori v (t5 seek su* p]sons = _! p>tn]s 9 m>riage--9 fact1 m (t5 ?an !y d he>+ p>tn]s1 ne>ly ?ree-f\r?s ( ! m>ri$ deaf be+ m>ri$ to deaf p>tn]s4#ef ,n only has x be5 fe>$ t ! (fspr+ ( su* m>riages might likewise be deaf1 b !re has also be5 appreh5sion le/ 9 _! enc\ragem5t !re might result a deaf species ( ! race4#eg ,f our discussion1 h[ev]1 we h f\nd t 9 mo/ ( ! m>riages ( ! deaf we h b small reason = disquiet4 ,if deafness 9 ! p>5t is really adv5titi\s1 !re is little possibility ( its pass+ on to ! (fspr+4 ,:5 ! deafness 9 ! p>5t is itself cong5ital1 ! situation becomes m s]i\s4 ,if 9 su* case !re is no add$ risk f ! exi/5ce ( deaf relatives1 ! likelihood ( transmitt+ deafness ne$ n always be a matt] ( deep conc]n1 ?\gh ! haz>d is mat]ially l>g] ?an = adv5titi\s deafness4 ,:5 !re are deaf relatives involv$1 ! p]il1 made /rong] if c\pl$ ) cong5ital deafness1 is mo/ pron\nc$2 &1 inde$1 ! exi/5ce ( collat]al deafness seems a m c]ta9 sign ( w>n+ ?an direct h]$ity itself4 ,f9ally1 ev5 9 ! m>riage ( ! deaf ) ! he>+1 ! dang]s are n 9 fact less5$ if conditions o!rwise un*ang$ are att5dant4 ,:at action %\ld be tak5 9 respect to t "p ( ! deaf :o may m>ry "u conditions favorable to ! production ( deaf (fspr+ is n at pres5t cle>4 ,legislation w\ld n appe> on ! :ole to be advisable2#eh & ! ex]tion ( moral suasion1 s f> z possible1 9 ! individual cases conc]n$ w\ld seem a m acceptable c\rse4 ,! matt]1 h[ev]1 really belongs 9 ! prov9ce ( eug5ics1 & we w probably d be/ to await ! au?oritative pron\ncem5t ( its decrees be=e full proc$ure is resolv$ ^u4 ,,cong5ital ,,deafness ,,z ,,an ,,increas+ ,,or ,,decreas+ ,,ph5om5on ,! f9al matt] to be asc]ta9$ 9 respect to cong5ital deafness is :e!r x is relatively increas+ or decreas+4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ ! numb] ( ! cong5itally deaf 9 ! c5suses ( #ahhj1 #ahij1 & #aijj1 ) _! respective p]c5tages & ! ratios p] million ( population4#ei ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,cong5itally ,,deaf ,,9 #ahhj1 #ahij1 ,,& #aijj ,,ratio ,,p] ,,total ,,cong5itally ,,p] ,,million ,,( ,,numb] ,,deaf ,,c5t ,,population #ahhj #cc1hgh #ab1aee #ce4f #bdb #ahij #dj1efb #af1hff #da4b #bfi #aijj #cg1dbf #ab1fji #cc4g #aff ,f ?is x appe>s t cong5ital deafness is decreas+ bo? 9 relation to all deafness1 & to ! g5]al population4 ,= fur!r /ati/ics1 we may rev]t to our tables "u adv5titi\s deafness4 ,9 ! tables relat+ to p]iods ( successive rec5t ye>s we f9d 9 respect to ?ree s*ools1 ! ,new ,york & ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania in/itutions & ! ,m>yl& ,s*ool1 ) c]ta9 fluctuations1 no great *ange on ! :ole1 ?\gh ! la/ nam$ s*ool %[s /ill a v high proportion4 ,9 two s*ools1 ! ,mi*igan & ,wiscons91 r an increase is obs]v$4 ,9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 :i* cov]s a p]iod ( sev5ty ye>s1 !re is a decrease f ov] #ej p] c5t to less ?an #dj4 ,a bett] te/ p]haps lies 9 ! comp>ison ( ! proportions f\nd = cong5ital deafness 9 ! tables relat+ to p]iods widely sep>at$ 9 "t4 ,9 ^! an increase is se5 9 ! s+le case ( ! ,ohio ,s*ool2 :ile a decrease is app>5t 9 ?ree1 namely1 ! ,am]ican & ,i[a s*ools & ! ,new ,york ,in/itution4 ,^! decreases 9 p]c5tages are respectively f #dd4h & #ej4a to #ce4b2 f #cg4b to #bf4i2 & f #db4i to #ch4j4fj ,f ! evid5ce t we h1 !n1 tak5 toge!r1 x seems reasonable to conclude t cong5ital deafness is1 ?\gh sl[ly1 becom+ less 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>s4 ,,conclusions ,,) ,,respect ,,to ,,! ,,elim9ation ,,or ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,deafness ,mo/ ( :at has be5 said 9 ?is *apt] ) respect to ! elim9ation or prev5tion ( deafness may be summ$ up z foll[s3 #a4 ,!re are two k9ds ( deafness--adv5titi\s & cong5ital4 ,( ! total numb] ( cases adv5titi\s deafness comprises ne>ly two-?irds1 & cong5ital deafness a little ov] "o-?ird4 #b4 ,ne>ly all adv5titi\s deafness is caus$ by "s disease ( infancy or *ildhood attack+ ! middle or int]nal e>1 a l>ge "p be+ ( infecti\s "*4 ,! two *ief diseases caus+ su* deafness are sc>let fev] & m5+itis1 ) a less am\nt f bra9 fev]1 typhoid fev]1 measles1 cat>rh1 diph!ria1 :oop+ c\gh1 etc4 #c4 ,a consid]able "p ( ?is deafness is prev5table "u enlight5$ action4 ,m$ical sci5ce is pr9cipally 9 control ( ! situation1 b !re is also mu* t c be done 9 g5]al measures = ! protection ( ! heal?4 ,9 attack+ ! problem1 ! mo/ imm$iate practical program lies 9 ! arre/ ( ^? diseases1 especially infantile & infecti\s diseases1 t cause deafness4 #d4 ,our evid5ce is incomplete to det]m9e def9itely :e!r adv5titi\s deafness is increas+ or decreas+ relatively among ! population2 b x is h>dly o!r ?an likely t x is decreas+4 ,al?\gh c]ta9 diseases produc+ deafness fail to %[ any ext5sive signs ( abatem5t1 !re are o!r diseases f :i* !re c be little d\bt t deafness is decreas+4 #e4 ,9 ! outlook !re is1 on ! :ole1 promise1 bo? 9 respect to ! treatm5t ( deafness itself & ( ! diseases t lead to deafness1 ?\gh x _c be said 9 any s5se t any l>ge or g5]al relief is at pres5t 9 sight4 #f4 ,( cong5ital deafness ne>ly half occurs 9 families (t5 )\t any positively kn[n /ra9 to indicate a pr$isposition to deafness4 ,?\gh conc]n+ ?is deafness little 9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k c be pr$icat$1 x is likely t ) measures to secure a race s\nd 9 all p>ticul>s !re w be a r$uction to a great] or less ext5t ( su* deafness4 #g4 ,consangu9e\s m>riages d n take place1 s f> z deafness z an effect is conc]n$1 to any great ext5t2 ?\gh :]e !y d ! consequ5ces are v m>k$4 ,_! relation to deafness consi/s app>5tly = ! greate/ "p 9 ! fact t ! *ances ( its transmission are !reby int5sifi$1 !re be+ also a v /rong connection ) ! "q ( deaf relatives 9 g5]al4 #h4 ,!re are a c]ta9 numb] ( families 9 society deeply ta9t$ ) deafness1 9 evid5ce bo? l9eally & collat]ally1 & ?is deafness may be transmitt$ f p>5t to (fspr+4 #i4 ,*ildr5 ( deaf p>5ts are f> m likely to be deaf ?an *ildr5 ( he>+ p>5ts4 #aj4 ,! great majority ( ! *ildr5 ( deaf p>5ts1 h[ev]1 are able to he>1 ! proportion ( ^? :o are n be+ small4 #aa4 ,! likelihood ( deaf (fspr+ is n necess>ily great] :5 bo? p>5ts are deaf ?an :5 "o is deaf & ! o!r he>+4 #ab4 ,! liability to deaf (fspr+ dep5ds 9 ! greate/ degree ^u ! pres5ce or abs5ce 9 ! p>5ts1 deaf or he>+1 ( deaf relatives1 &1 to a less ext5t1 ^u :e!r or n ! exi/+ deafness is cong5ital--be+ especially great "u a comb9ation ( ^! two conditions4 #ac4 ,action 9 respect to m>riages ( ! deaf likely to result 9 deaf (fspr+ seems = ! pres5t r to be limit$ to moral =ces4 #ad4 ,cong5ital deafness appe>s1 f all ! evid5ce1 to be decreas+ relatively among ! population1 ?\gh probably only at a v sl[ rate4 #ae4 ,f9ally1 ) respect to our orig9al inquiry1 x is to be said t !re are no indications t deafness w disappe> f ! human race )9 any "t :i* we c measure2 & h5ce t ! deaf are to be 9 society n only = a season1 b = a p]iod app>5tly z yet indef9ite4 ,nev]!less ! situation is n )\t enc\ragem5t4 ,f ! data 9 our possession reg>d+ deafness z a :ole1 x seems c]ta9 t deafness is n on ! increase relatively among ! population4 ,f our k conc]n+ adv5titi\s deafness1 ! probabilities are t1 if any?+1 x is decreas+2 :ile ! evid5ce z to cong5ital deafness is t x is decreas+4 ,x is likely1 !n1 t deafness 9 g5]al is t5d+ to decrease2 & we are ?us ju/ifi$ 9 believ+ t ! numb] ( ! deaf w 9 "t become less4 ,,footnotes3 #ae ,moreov]1 lat] c5suses are probably tak5 m ?or\ghly ?an =m]1 ) a consequ5t discov]y ( a l>g] numb] ( ! deaf2 :ile at ! same "t great] c>e is employ$ 9 prep>+ ! lat] c5suses1 ) ! m rigor\s elim9ation ( d\btful cases1 all 9 "s measure1 h[ev]1 t5d+ to ev5 up ! diff]5ces4 ,on ! difficulty ( mak+ comp>isons ( ! c5suses ( ! deaf1 see ,special ,reports1 pp4 #ff-fi2 ,annals1 li41 #aijf1 p4 #dhg4 #af ,ibid4 #ag ,deafness has also be5 divid$ into ?ree classes3 adv5titi\s deafness1 cong5ital or h]$it>y deafness1 & infantile or sporadic cong5ital deafness1 ! la/ class includ+ _m cases :]e !re are o!r antec$5t defects1 m5tal or physical1 or :]e ! deafness occurr$ %ortly aft] bir? ) ! exact cause n def9itely det]m9$4 ,see ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,otological ,congress1 ix41 #aiac1 p4 #di2 ,volta ,review1 xiv41 #aiab1 p4 #cdh2 xv41 #aiac1 p4 #bji4 #ah ,( ! cases usually ascrib$ to accid5ts1 z falls1 bl[s & ! l1 ! probabilities are t a l>ge "p are really to be attribut$ to "s o!r cause4 ,deafness is n (t5 likely to result f su* occurr5ces4 #ai ,see ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,otological ,congress1 ix41 #aiac1 p4 #di2 ,volta ,review1 xiv41 #aiab1 p4 #cdh4 #bj ,special ,reports1 pp4 #aaj1 #abb1 #abd4 ,see also ,annals1 xxxiii41 #ahhh1 p4 #aii2 lii41 #aijg1 p4 #afh4 ,9 ! table are giv5 only ! specifi$ causes t repres5t at lea/ #j4g p] c5t ( ! total am\nt ( deafness4 ,9 respect to ext]nal e> tr\ble1 impact$ c]um5 is usually f\nd to result f wat] 9 ! e>1 or wax 9 ! e>4 ,o!r diseases ( ! middle e> ( suppurative "* are diph!ria1 pneumonia1 erysipelas1 smallpox1 tonsilitis1 tee?+1 bron*itis1 & consumption4 ,o!r non-suppurative diseases ( ! middle e> are :oop+ c\gh1 scr(ula1 exposure & cold1 disease ( ! ?roat1 ?ick5+ ( e>drum1 cr\p1 etc4 ,( ! int]nal e>1 o!r causes affect+ ! labyr9? are mal=mation1 noise & concussion1 mumps1 & syphilis2 affect+ ! n]ve1 p>alysis1 convulsions1 sun/roke1 conge/ion ( bra91 & disease ( n]v\s sy/em2 & affect+ bra9 c5t]1 hydrocephalus & epilepsy4 ,among unclassifi$ causes are also adduc$ neuralgia1 *ildbir?1 accid5t1 m$ic9e1 heat1 rheumatism1 head-a*e1 fright or %ock1 ov]work1 lightn+1 di>rhea1 *ick5-pox1 op]ation1 & o!r causes4 #ba ,proce$+s ( ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #aijf1 p4 #bej2 ,c]emonies ( ,lay+ ( ,corn] ,/one ( ,rhode ,isl& ,s*ool1 #aijg1 p4 #bg4 #bb ,!re are no g5]al or organiz$ movem5ts on foot = ! prev5tion ( deafness z !re are = ! prev5tion ( bl9dness4 ,?is is p]haps *iefly because !re are believ$ to be no?+ l s _m prev5table cases ( ! "o z ( ! o!r1 s mu* ( bl9dness be+ due to diseases t might h be5 avoid$ )\t great difficulty1 & to accid5ts & o!r injuries to ! eye4 #bc ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ?ree-f\r?s ( deafness f prim>y e> diseases1 & "o-half f infecti\s diseases1 is prev5table4 ,see ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,otological ,congress1 loc4 cit42 ,volta ,review1 xiv41 #aiab1 pp4 #bea1 #cdh4 #bd ,proce$+s1 #aijc1 p4 #ajcf4 #be ,volta ,review1 xv41 #aiac1 p4 #acf4 ,see also ibid41 v41 #aijc1 p4 #dae2 ,outlook1 civ41 #aiac1 p4 #iig4 #bf ,see ,m$ical & ,surgical ,monitor1 vii41 #aijd1 p4 #dg2 ,new ,york ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 lxxxiii41 #aijf1 p4 #haf2 ,annals1 lv41 #aiaj1 p4 #aib2 ,volta ,review1 xiii41 #aiaa1 p4 #ccb4 #bg ,! possibilities1 = in/ance1 9 ! use ( antitox9s & vacc9es 9 c]ta9 diseases are j beg9n+ to be kn[n1 & "s results z affect deafness may be expect$ f su* op]ations4 #bh ,9 #aiji a special committee 9 reg>d to ! prev5tion ( deafness 0 creat$ by ! ,otological ,section ( ! ,am]ican ,m$ical ,association1 & 9 #aiaj bo? by ! ,am]ican ,l>yngological1 ,rh9ological & ,otological ,society & by ! ,am]ican ,otological ,society4 ,see ,l>yngoscope1 xx41 #aiaj1 pp4 #eif-ffe2 ,volta ,review1 xii41 #aiaj1 pp4 #bfg1 #ede4 #bi ,laws1 #aijf1 *4 #ejb4 #cj ,on ! possibilities ( ! prev5tion ( adv5titi\s deafness1 see ,dr4 ,j4 ,k4 ,love1 ,deaf-,mutism1 #ahif2 ,ar*ives ( ,otology1 xxiv41 #ahie1 p4 #ej2 ,j\rnal ( ,am]ican ,m$ical ,association1 liii41 #aiji1 p4 #hi2 ,new ,york ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 l41 #ahhi1 p4 #bje2 lxxxix41 #aiji1 p4 #ajjg2 xcv41 #aiab1 p4 #aahi2 ,new ,york ,/ate ,j\rnal ( ,m$ic9e1 xii41 #aiab1 p4 #fij;ff42 ,m>yl& ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 lv41 #aiab1 p4 #cc2 ,p$iatrics1 xxiv41 #aiab1 p4 #cce2 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 xlii41 #ahib1 p4 #baa2 ,progress 9 ,amelioration ( ,c]ta9 ,=ms ( ,deafness & ,impair$ ,he>+1 ,proce$+s ( ,am]ican ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf1 iv41 #ahid2 ,annals1 xxxiv41 #ahhi1 p4 #aii2 lvi41 #aiaa1 p4 #baa2 lviii41 #aiac1 p4 #aca2 ,volta ,review1 xii41 #aiaj1 p4 #adc2 xv41 #aiac1 p4 #cjc2 ,new ,york ,times1 ,april #f1 #aiac2 ,public ,s*ool ,heal? ,bullet91 ,eyes & ,e>s1 by ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #aiaj4 #ca ,c5sus ,reports1 #ahhj4 ,report on ,defective1 ,dep5d5t & ,del9qu5t ,classes ( ! ,population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ahhh1 p4 #djb;ff42 ,c5sus ,reports1 #ahij4 ,report on ,insane1 ,feeble-m9d$1 ,deaf & ,dumb & ,bl9d1 #ahie1 pp4 #ajh;ff41 #fdh2 ,special ,reports1 #aijf1 p4 #abb4 #cb ,ibid4 #cc ,probably ) ! fev]s ! proportion w\ld be l>g]4 #cd ,less ?an #j4g p] c5t4 #ce ,probably includ$ ) c]ta9 ( ! suppurative diseases4 #cf ,n a l>ge numb] ( s*ools1 x is greatly to be regrett$1 give1 regul>ly & ov] an ext5d$ p]iod ( "t1 su* in=mation 9 /ati/ical =m & ^u ! same basis f ye> to ye>4 #cg ,total att5dance4 #ch ,^! tables are bas$ ^u /ati/ics giv5 9 ! reports ( ! s*ools1 & giv5 9 ,annals1 vi41 #ahed1 p4 #bcg2 xv41 #ahgj1 p4 #aac2 xvii41 #ahgb1 p4 #afg4 #ci ,"o case report$4 #dj ,lett]s ( inquiry z to :e!r or n total deafness appe>$ to be decreas+ 7 s5t by ! writ] to ! pr(essors ( diseases ( ! e> ( ! m$ical s*ools ( ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,cornell ,univ]sity1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 ,nor?we/]n ,univ]sity1 ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan1 & ! ,jeff]son ,m$ical ,college ( ,philadelphia4 ,! op9ion ( f\r ( ^! is t su* deafness is cle>ly decreas+2 ( ?ree t little or no decrease is app>5t2 :ile by two no op9ion c be v\*$ yet4 ,! greate/ enc\ragem5t is f\nd 9 respect to treatm5t = middle e> affections & infections f fev]s4 ,by ,dr4 ,s4 ,mac,cuen ,smi?1 ( ! ,jeff]son ,m$ical ,college1 x is believ$ t !re is a decrease1 l>gely due to ! fact t n only ! g5]al m$ical pr(ession1 b ! public at l>ge1 are recogniz+ ! importance ( hav+ ! m9or aural lesions promptly & prop]ly c>$ =4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x is no long] possible = *ildr5 9 ! public s*ools to cont9ue _! /udies :5 suff]+ f diseas$ tonsils & enl>g$ ad5oid vegetations4 ,f ?is cause alone1 _m cases ( impairm5t ( he>+ :i* usually occur lat] 9 life w be prev5t$ 9 ! future4 ,by ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,crockett1 ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 x is believ$ t1 al?\gh !re is a l>g] am\nt ( deafness f measles1 !re is less1 n only f sc>let fev]1 b also f *ronic suppurations1 f ad5oid & ?roat tr\bles 9 g5]al1 & ev5 f m5+itis1 ow+ to ! use ( s]ums4 ,reg>d+ 8 own obs]vations1 )9 a p]iod ( tw5ty-five ye>s ! numb] ( extremely deaf p]sons & deaf-mutes has v mat]ially dim9i%$4 #da ,h]$it>y deafness is sometimes ( a k9d t manife/s itself "s ye>s aft] bir?1 (t5 ) c]ta9 relatives simil>ly affect$4 ,?is is especially true ( cat>rhal & middle e> affections1 ?\gh _! results may m (t5 be p>tial r ?an total deafness4 #db ,9 a "p ( su* deafness1 & also 9 a portion ( t occurr+ %ortly aft] bir?1 ! cause is said to be syphilis4 ,see ,proce$+s ( ,int]national ,otological ,congress1 ix41 #aiac1 p4 #di2 ,volta ,review1 xiv41 #aiab1 p4 #cdh2 xv41 #aiac1 p4 #bji4 #dc ,special ,reports1 pp4 #abe1 #bcf4 ,!re 7 #c1cda :o fail$ to answ]1 & if all _h made reply1 our p]c5tage w\ld probably be high] yet4 #dd ,p4 #ajh4 #de ,9 ! ,l\isiana ,s*ool #aj p] c5t ( ! pupils are said to h p>5ts :o 7 blood relatives2 9 ! ,ill9ois1 #e p] c5t2 & 9 ! ,kansas1 f #e to #e4e p] c5t4 ,report ( ,l\isiana ,s*ool1 #aijf1 p4 #ag4 ,see also ,transactions ( ,am]ican ,m$ical ,association1 xi41 #aheh1 pp4 #cba-dbe2 ,proce$+s ( ,conf]5ce ( ,pr9cipals1 iii41 #ahgf1 p4 #bjd2 ,annals1 xxii41 #ahgg1 p4 #bdb4 #df ,on ?is subject1 see ,francis ,galton4 ,natural ,inh]itance1 #ahhi1 p4 #acb;ff4 ,see also ,g4 ,b4 ,l4 ,arn]1 ,consangu9e\s ,m>riages1 #aijh1 p4 #fe;ff42 ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port1 ,h]$ity 9 ,relation to ,eug5ics1 #aiaa1 p4 #abd;ff4 #dg ,special ,reports1 pp4 #abh1 #bce1 & passim4 #dh ,^! proportions are fur!r indicat$ 9 ! succe$+ section4 #di ,special ,reports1 p4 #ace;ff4 #ej ,report1 #aijh1 p4 #ca4 #ea ,out ( #ajg *ildr5 born to =m] pupils ( ! ,m9nesota ,s*ool up to #ahib1 #b1 or #a4i p] c5t1 7 deaf4 ,report1 #ahib1 p4 #ci4 ,out ( #haa *ildr5 born to =m] pupils ( ! ,am]ican ,s*ool up to #ahia1 #aje1 or #ab4i p] c5t1 7 deaf4 ,report1 #ahia1 p4 #bj4 #eb ,! /udy _h be5 orig9ally plann$ by ,dr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,w9es = ! ,int]national ,record ( ,*>ities & ,corrections4 ,see issue = ,octob]1 #ahhh4 ,! "w 0 publi%$ by ! ,volta ,bureau4 ,= a discussion ( ! results1 see ,association ,review1 ii41 #aijj1 p4 #agh2 ,publications ( ,am]ican ,/ati/ical ,association1 vi41 #ahii1 p4 #cec2 ,biometrika 7,london71 iv41 #aijd-e1 p4 #dfe4 ,see also *>ts 9 curr5t numb]s ( ,volta ,review4 #ec ,f ! total numb] ( m>riages1 #igd 7 d$uct$1 be+ cases conc]n+ ! (fspr+ ( :i* no in=mation c\ld be obta9$1 & also #dcd cases :]e !re 7 no (fspr+4 #ed ,f p4 #acd4 ,x has also be5 comput$ by ,dr4 ,fay f 8 data t ( #e1dee m>ri$ deaf p]sons1 #cjj1 or #e4e p] c5t1 h deaf (fspr+4 ,annals1 lii41 #aijg1 p4 #bec4 #ee ,! proportions = ! g5]al population are h>dly ov] #j4c p] c5t & #j4je p] c5t respectively4 #ef ,! proportion ( ! m>ri$ deaf :o are m>ri$ to deaf p>tn]s is f\nd by ,dr4 ,fay to be #gb4e p] c5t1 & ( ^? m>ri$ to he>+ p>tn]s1 #bj p] c5t1 !re be+ no in=mation = ! rema9+ #g4e p] c5t4 ,! c5sus returns1 h[ev]1 give ! respective proportions z #ea4c p] c5t & #dh4g p] c5t4 #eg ,see ,proce$+s ( ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #ahgi1 p4 #bad2 ,a4 ,g4 ,bell1 ,! ,=mation ( a ,deaf ,v>iety ( ! ,human ,race1 ,memoirs1 #ahhc1 ii41 "p #d1 p4 #agg2 ,proce$+s ( ,conf]5ce ( ,pr9cipals1 i41 #ahfh1 p4 #ia2 v41 #ahhd1 p4 #bje2 ,a4 ,g4 ,bell1 ,m>riage1 an ,address to ! ,deaf1 #ahih2 ,evid5ce be=e ! ,royal ,commission on ! ,deaf1 etc41 #ahib1 ii41 pp4 #gd-abi2 ,annals1 xxix41 #ahhd1 pp4 #cb1 #gb2 xxx41 #ahhe1 p4 #aee2 xxxiii41 #ahhh1 pp4 #cg1 #bjf2 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 xvii41 #ahhe1 p4 #ae2 ,sci5ce1 ,aug41 #ahij1 to ,m>*1 #ahia 7xvi41 xvii472 ,ar5a1 xii41 #ahie1 p4 #acj2 ,association ,review1 x41 #aijh1 p4 #aff2 ,volta ,review1 xiv41 #aiab1 p4 #ahd2 ,proce$+s ( ,reunion ( ,alumni ( ,wiscons9 ,s*ool = ! ,deaf1 vi41 #ahia1 p4 #df2 ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 iv41 #ahic1 p4 #aab2 ix41 #aiaj1 p4 #fi2 ,report ( ,bo>d ( ,*>ities ( ,new ,york1 #aiaa1 i41 p4 #aej4 #eh ,no /atutory action seems ev] to h be5 tak5 9 ! matt]4 ,9 ,connecticut1 h[ev]1 9 #ahie :5 a law 7,laws1 *4 #cbe7 0 enact$ =bidd+ ! m>riage ( ! feeble-m9d$ & epileptic1 a provision respect+ ! cong5itally deaf & bl9d came ne> be+ includ$4 ,annals1 xl41 #ahie1 p4 #caj4 #ei ,c5sus ,reports1 #ahhj4 ,report on ,defective1 ,dep5d5t & ,del9qu5t ,classes ( ! ,population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ahhh1 p4 #djb;ff42 ,c5sus ,reports1 #ahij4 ,report on ,insane1 ,feeble-m9d$1 ,deaf & ,dumb & ,bl9d1 #ahie1 pp4 #ajh;ff41 #fhd2 ,special ,reports1 #aijf1 p4 #abb4 ,! ages ( ! deaf 7 report$ less fully 9 #ahhj ?an 9 #ahij1 & less fully 9 #ahij ?an 9 #aijj2 & if we take ! numb]s ( ^? ^: ages 7 report$ 9 ^! ?ree c5suses1 we h ! foll[+ table1 %[+ ! proportion ( ! cong5itally deaf4 ,,! ,,cong5itally ,,deaf ,,accord+ ,,to ,,numb]s ,,9 ,,:i* ,,age ,,0 ,,report$ ,,numb] ,,^: ,,age ,,cong5itally ,,p] ,,0 ,,report$ ,,deaf ,,c5t #ahhj #bb1dgc #ab1aee #ed4g #ahij #cg1bjd #af1hff #de4h #aijj #ce1dgi #ab1fji #ce4c ,if we assume t ! proportion ( ! cong5itally deaf to all ! deaf 9 ea* c5sus 0 ! same t x 0 among ! cases 9 :i* ! age ( ! occurr5ce ( deafness 0 report$1 we h ?is table to %[ ! numb] ( ! cong5itally deaf & ! ratio ( ! deaf among ! population4 ,,! ,,cong5itally ,,deaf ,,accord+ ,,to ,,numb]s ,,assum$ ,,assum$ ,,numb] ,,( ,,ratio ,,p] ,,cong5itally ,,million ,,( ,,deaf ,,population #ahhj #ah1eca #cfi #ahij #ah1cge #bic #aijj #ac1bhf #age ,^! tables are tak5 f ,annals1 li41 #aijf1 p4 #dhg4 #fj ,9 ! ?ree s*ools :]e an increase 9 cong5ital deafness appe>s to be f\nd1 namely1 ^? ( ,mi*igan1 ,wiscons9 & ,ohio1 a p>tial explanation probably lies 9 ! fact t 9 ^! /ates a numb] ( day s*ools h be5 creat$ ( late ye>s1 :i* are n likely to draw cong5itally deaf pupils to ! ext5t t ! in/itutions d1 ?us leav+ a l>g] proportion = ! latt]4 ,see also ,e4 ,a4 ,fay1 op4 cit41 p4 #abe4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,by ,,! ,,/ate ,,g5]al ,,attitude ,,( ,,! ,,law ,,t[>ds ,,! ,,deaf ,aft] exam9ation ( ! "q ( h[ long ! deaf are to be an elem5t ( ! population1 our discussion turns to _! position at pres5t z an actual "p ( society4 ,! fir/ relation to be consid]$ is t ( ! /ate to !m4 ,! /ate acts on m5 ?r\gh ! law1 & 9 ! law is repres5t$ n only its au?ority1 b its attitude z well t[>ds ! problems t confront society1 includ+ ! treatm5t ( ! v>i\s elem5ts ( its population4 ,9 ?is *apt] x is our purpose by a /udy ( ! law 9 respect to ! deaf to discov] ! attitude ( ! /ate t[>ds !m & ! treatm5t :i* x has accord$ !m4 ,g5]ally 9 anci5t & ev5 9 m mod]n days ! deaf1 especially ! cong5itally deaf )\t education1 h be5 held 9 ! eyes ( ! law m or less z ?\gh !y 7 an abnormal elem5t 9 ! /ate1 at times be+ reg>d$ z ?\gh !y 7 ( defective m9ds1 & n[ & !n be+ consid]$ practically z idiots4 ,?\gh !re 0 usually m$itat$ no unduly h>% treatm5t ( ! deaf1 !y 7 = ! mo/ "p deem$ incapable ( p]=m+ ! full duties ( citiz5%ip1 c]ta9 ( ! rights t belong$ to _! fell[m5 7 d5i$ to !m1 & !y 7 held 9 consid]able degree 9 :at am\nt$ to legal bondage4 ,x 0 only 9 ! c\rse ( "t 9 mo/ c\ntries t ! law came to look ^u ! deaf diff]5tly1 to reg>d !m m z normal p]sons1 & to grant !m 9 great] measure ! rights ( o!r m54#fa ,9 ,am]ica ! att5tion ( ! law has be5 direct$ to ! deaf bo? by legislation relat+ to !m1 & by c\rt decisions affect+ !m4 ,9 addition1 9 ! con/itutions ( a numb] ( /ates1 z we %all see1 provision is made = in/itutions = ! education ( ! deaf2 & 9 "o /ate1 ,mississippi1#fb a provision is f\nd exempt+ ! deaf f ! paym5t ( a poll tax4 ,! law _c be said to h conc]n$ itself ext5sively ) ! deaf1 b ! light 9 :i* !y h be5 view$ has be5 indicat$ fairly cle>ly4 ,judicial dicta & op9ions h be5 ( less frequ5cy & importance ?an legislation1 & h r dealt ) ! m5tal capacity ( ! deaf 9 c]ta9 legal relations & proce$+s1 z 9 _! responsibility = crimes1 ! mak+ ( wills1 ! appo9tm5t ( int]pret]s1 etc4 ,legislation itself has n (t5 be5 engag$ 9 provid+ = ! deaf z a special class1 beyond ma9ta9+ s*ools = ! education ( ! "y4 ,:]e ?is legislation has tak5 place1 x may be said to be ( ?ree k9ds4 ,fir/1 ! deaf h be5 reg>d$ z m5tally defici5t or incapable ( c]ta9 civic acts1 & discrim9atory laws h be5 enact$4 ,next1 ! deaf h be5 ?\ght to ne$ special consid]ation or protection on ! "p ( ! /ate1 & laws h be5 pass$ = ! appo9tm5t ( gu>dians or o!rwise = _! security or b5efit4 ,! ?ird class ( legislation is :]e ! /ate bases its action ^u ! suppos$ weakness ( ! deaf1 _! physical disability1 z x is frequ5tly t]m$1 & "h we h a s]ies ( :at may be call$ negative b5efactions1 design$ to make less h>d ! way ( ! deaf4 ,su* special provision has consi/$ *iefly 9 ! remission ( taxes 9 c]ta9 in/ances or ( "s o!r =m ( m or less direct assi/ance4 ,,legislation ,,discrim9atory ,,respect+ ,,! ,,deaf ,legislation :i* may be t]m$ discrim9atory 9 respect to ! deaf has really be5 ( b slight ext5t4#fc ,9 ,georgia we f9d an enactm5t ( #ahdj1fd 9 :i* ! deaf 7 to be reg>d$ pro tanto z idiots1 s f> z conc]n$ ! manag+ ( _! e/ates1 ?\gh ?is 0 9 fact int5d$ = _! protection4 ,9 ,new ,mexico a law has be5 enact$1 =bidd+ ^? deaf by bir? f mak+ wills1 unless _! int5tion is decl>$ 9 writ+2#fe & 9 ,l\isiana a deaf man is incapable ( act+ z a witness to a te/am5t4#ff ,9 sev]al /ates1 z ,new ,york & ,massa*usetts1 !re h be5 enactm5ts 9 reg>d to deaf-mute immigrants toge!r ) o!r classes :o might be likely to become a public *>ge1 ) ! exaction ( bond z security4#fg ,9 ,georgia#fh !re is an enactm5t 9 ref]5ce to v>i\s it9]ant conc]ns :i* might leave deaf p]sons1 z well z o!rs1 9 ! /ate z public *>ges4#fi ,,legislation ,,9 ,,protection ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,legislation ( ! second class1 :]e ! deaf are ?\ght to require p>ticul> consid]ation or protection1 has likewise be5 infrequ5t4 ,! fir/ in/ance is an enactm5t ( ,massa*usetts 9 #aggf1gj relat+ to ! appo9tm5t1 on c]ta9 occasions1 ( gu>dians = ! deaf1 especially ^? deaf f _! nativity1 toge!r ) o!r p]sons--:i* is probably ! e>lie/ /atutory ref]5ce to ! deaf 9 ,am]ica4 ,a lat] example is an enactm5t 9 ,georgia 9 #ahah1ga & /ill 9 =ce1 provid+ = ! appo9tm5t ( gu>dians1 on some:at ! same ord] z t :i* we h indicat$1 = deaf & dumb p]sons incapable ( manag+ _! e/ates4 ,9 ,new ,j]sey 9 #ahchgb a law 0 enact$1 =bidd+ deaf p]sons "u sev5te5 ye>s ( age to be b\nd out z appr5tices4 ,9 ,ohio a /atute also ( #ahchgc provid$ = gu>dians = ! deaf1 & sev]al mod]n /atutes are some:at ( ?is nature4 ,9 ,ma9e ! deaf _c be s5t to ! re=m s*ool4#gd ,9 ,arkansas#ge & ,miss\ri#gf x is provid$ t ! c\rt may appo9t gu>dians = deaf p]sons f f\rte5 to tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age 9 case ( ! dea? ( a p>5t4 ,( some:at diff]5t "*1 b /ill = ! protection ( ! deaf1 is ! enactm5t 9 sev]al /ates1 z ,wiscons9#gg & ,virg9ia1#gh :]e injury or abuse ( ! deaf is made a matt] ( special att5tion 9 ! law4 ,,legislation ,,9 ,,aid ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,examples ( legislation design$ to be ( mat]ial aid to ! deaf are r m common1 ! *ief ( :i*1 z we h not$1 is ! exemption f ! paym5t ( "s p]sonal or prop]ty tax4#gi ,?us 9 ,miss\ri we f9d a /atute ( #ahdchj all[+ a deaf man to be exempt f ! poll tax & ! tax on prop]ty up to #cjj4 ,indiana 9 #ahdhha exempt$ its deaf & bl9d citiz5s f a poll tax & a prop]ty tax up to #ejj4 ,mississippi#hb exempt$ ^! classes f ! road duty 9 #ahgh1 & two ye>s lat] f ! poll tax z well1 ?is exemption be+ incorporat$ 9 ! /ate con/itution1 z we h se54 ,t5nessee#hc 9 #ahie also exempt$ f ! poll tax ! deaf1 ! bl9d & ^? incapable ( labor4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania legislation seems to h gone ! fur!/ 9 its desire to be ( mat]ial help to ! deaf1 = "h we f9d ! deaf ) ! bl9d exempt$ f ! p5alties :i* usually apply to tramps4#hd ,su* are in/ances ( ?is =m ( legislation1 b simil> legislation has be5 enact$ 9 o!r /ates4 ,v r>e are in/ances :]e ! /ate makes special provision = ! c>e (1 or ext5ds special poor relief to1 any ( its deaf population4 ,! *ief example seems to be ! action ( "s ( ! ,new ,engl& /ates ) _! s-call$ missions = ! deaf4 ,^! are associations1 compos$ 9 great "p ( ! deaf & engag$ 9 v>i\s =ms ( mission "w1 & to !m /ate funds are grant$ to aid ! ag$1 infirm & helpless deaf4 ,by ?is plan ,ma9e is said to h be5 )\t a deaf-mute paup] 9 t5 ye>s4 ,! am\nts all[$1 h[ev]1 = ?is purpose are n l>ge1 be+ #bjj a ye> 9 ,ma9e & #aej 9 ,new ,hamp%ire4#he ,9 ,ohio ! c\nties are all[$ to contract ) private homes = ! ma9t5ance ( ! ag$ & infirm deaf--!re be+ b "o su* 9 ! /ate1 t support$ by ! deaf !mselves--& ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities is giv5 p[] to remove deaf p]sons !reto f ! c\nty infirm>ies4#hf ,in/ances are likewise r>e :]e ! /ate makes a di/9ct appropriation ( money = ! b5efit ( ! deaf o!r ?an = s*ools4 ,we h "o in/ance 9 ,new ,york :]e ! /ate = a c]ta9 numb] ( ye>s all[$ a small sum to ! publi%]s ( a pap] = ! b5efit ( poor deaf-mutes4#hg ,z a la/ species ( legislation 9 aid ( ! deaf1 we h a s+le enactm5t ( q diff]5t "* f t :i* we h hi!rto f\nd1 & ( lat] appe>ance4 ,?is is ! law enact$ 9 ,m9nesota 9 #aiac1hh :i* provides = a division = ! deaf 9 ! /ate bureau ( labor4 ,its duties are to ,collect /ati/ics ( ! deaf1 asc]ta9 :at trades or occupations are mo/ suitable = !m & be/ adapt$ to promote _! int]e/s1 444 use its be/ ef=ts to aid !m 9 secur+ su* employm5t z !y may be be/ fitt$ to engage 91 keep a c5sus & obta9 facts1 in=mation & /ati/ics z to _! condition 9 life ) a view to ! bett]m5t ( _! lot1 & endeavor to obta9 /ati/ics & in=mation ( ! conditions ( labor & employm5t & education 9 o!r /ates ) a view to promot+ ! g5]al welf>e ( ! deaf 9 ?is /ate4 ,su* legislation may prove highly b5eficial to ! deaf1 n only 9 r5d]+ v desirable aid to !m1 b also 9 (f]+ means ( le>n+ v important facts z to _! condition4 ,,t5or ,,( ,,c\rt ,,decisions ,,affect+ ,,! ,,deaf ,! op9ions ( ! c\rts ( law 9 reg>d to ! deaf h1 z we h not$1 r revolv$ ^u ! m5tal capacity ( ! deaf 9 c]ta9 proce$+s1 & ^u _! compet5ce 9 c]ta9 legal relations4 ,^! judicial expressions h 9 ! ma9 ref]r$ to f\r relations ( ! deaf 9 ! law3 #a4 9 _! responsibility = crime2 #b4 9 act+ z witnesses2 #c4 9 requir+ gu>dians2 & #d4 9 ! mak+ ( wills & contracts g5]ally4 ,z to ! responsibility ( ! deaf man = 8 misde$s1 !re has be5 9 times pa/ m or less presumption aga9/ x1 especially if he 7 born deaf & 7 )\t education2 b to-day he is q g5]ally held fully answ]able = 8 crimes & misdemeanors1 & 8 deafness _c mitigate 8 puni%m5t4#hi ,z a witness1 ! deaf man "u prop] circum/ances is n[ all[$ to appe> )\t h9drance be=e virtually any c\rt4#ij ,z to special gu>dians1 ^! w be accord$ ! deaf :5 !re appe>s suffici5t ne$1 ?\gh !re is less ( ?is ?an =m]ly4#ia ,) respect to ! te/am5t>y capacity ( ! deaf1 we f9d t 9 times pa/ ! deaf 7 (t5 said to be m or less incapable ( mak+ wills1 ?\gh ?is presumption c\ld always be ov]come4 ,naturally _! wills 7 subject$ to consid]able scrut9y = ! purpose ( prev5t+ fraud2 b if writt5 & app>5tly g5u9e1 !y c\ld usually /&4 ,to-day ! deaf are practically ev]y:]e held to be q capable 9 ?is respect1 & probably n[h]e w\ld a w be set aside = reason ( ! deafness ( ! te/ator alone4 ,likewise ! deaf are n[ g5]ally held capable ( ent]+ into all contractual relations4#ib ,,pres5t ,,tr5d ,,( ,,! ,,law ,,9 ,,respect ,,to ,,! ,,deaf ,9 mo/ ( ! /atutes & decisions to :i* we h ref]r$ !re appe>s a di/9ct tr5d t[>ds treat+ ! deaf q z normal p]sons1 & ! t5d5cy may be consid]$ to be g5]al to-day to hold !m v mu* z o!r citiz5s4 ,! great] "p ( all ! special legislation has ceas$ ( late ye>s1 & x is seldom n[ t a p>ticul> enactm5t is plac$ ^u ! /atute books4 ,:]e su* does occur1 x arises *iefly :]e "s peculi> protection ( ! deaf has be5 felt to be ne$$4 ,discrim9atory legislation has practically disappe>$1 z has also b5eficial legislation ( ! old sort1 ! only k9d likely to be enact$ 9 ! future be+ along ! new l9es po9t$ out4 ,9 judicial proce$+s likewise p>ticul> usage 9 respect to ! deaf has almo/ entirely pass$ away1 & ! deaf to-day receive little di/9ctive treatm5t4 ,practically ! sole special consid]ation n[ accord$ !m is 9 ! procurem5t ( int]pret]s = prop] occasions4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 ! pres5t attitude ( ! law may be said to be to reg>d ! deaf m & m fully z citiz5s1 to all[ !m all ! rights & duties ( su*1 & to consid] !m 9 little ne$ ( p>ticul> aid or att5tion4#ic ,,footnotes3 #fa ,! legal treatm5t ( ! deaf1 h[ev]1 9 pa/ times has n be5 z sev]e z has be5 (t5 suppos$4 ,bo? ! ,ju/9ian ,code & ! ,civil ,law1 z well z ! ,common ,law1 grant$ a numb] ( rights to ! deaf1 ^! be+ 9 "s cases z f> z ! policy ( ! law w\ld p]mit4 ,9 a few in/ances a n unsympa!tic attitude 0 display$ t[>ds !m4 ,9 ! e>ly ,roman law & 9 "s o!r sy/ems ^w ( m\? 0 necess>y to accompli% c]ta9 legal acts1 & ?is ( c\rse bore h>dly ^u ! deaf4 ,9 all cases x 0 ! deaf-mute f bir? :o suff]$ mo/4 ,on ?is subject1 see ,a4 ,c4 ,gaw1 ,! ,legal ,/atus ( ! ,deaf1 #aijg2 ,h4 ,p4 ,peet1 ,legal ,rights & ,responsibilities ( ! ,deaf1 #aheg 7,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 iv41 p4 #ag74 #fb ,con/itution1 #ahij1 sec4 #bdc4 ,! bl9d are also includ$ 9 ! exemption4 #fc ,9 ,new ,york we f9d an e>ly ref]5ce to ! deaf 9 ! rules adopt$ 9 #agfa by ! /ate assembly reg>d+ suffrage qualifications 9 ! election ( its own memb]s1 "o ( :i* rules decl>$ t no man deaf & dumb f 8 nativity has a vote1 ?\gh ?is may h be5 p>tly due to ! fact t ne>ly all vot+ !n 0 viva voce4 ,william ,smi?1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,late ,prov9ce ( ,new ,york1 #ahcj1 ii41 p4 #ceh4 #fd ,laws1 p4 #aaj4 ,a ,k5tucky /atute ref]s to idiots & ^? by spee* or sign incapable ( und]/&+ 7,/at41 #ahid1 ,sec4 #badi71 b ! deaf may n necess>ily be includ$4 #fe ,cod4 ,laws1 #ahfe1 *4 #c1 ,sec4 #b2 #ahhd1 ,sec4 #acgh4 #ff ,civ4 ,code1 #ahch1 ,sec4 #aheb2 #ahih1 ,sec4 #aeia4 #fg ,9 #ahdi ,new ,york requir$ ! ma/]s ( %ips l&+ 9 ,new ,york ,city to report to ! mayor :at pass5g]s 7 deaf1 bl9d or insane4 ,laws1 *4 #cej4 ,see also ,laws1 #ahea1 *4 #ebc2 #ahha1 *4 #dbg4 ,see ,public ,/atutes ( ,massa*usetts1 #ahhb1 p4 #dfh4 ,! pres5t ,unit$ ,/ates immigration laws d n directly exclude ! deaf1 b !y h be5 ?\ght at times to h be5 made to be> unduly ^u !m4 #fh ,code1 #aiaa1 ,sec4 #eei4 ,! application is to proprietors ( circuses & o!r migratory companies4 #fi ,9 a few /ates1 z ,cali=nia & ,new ,york1 attempts h be5 made to secure laws b>r+ ! deaf f lic5ses to run automobiles4 ,su* measures1 h[ev]1 are to be reg>d$ less z discrim9ation aga9/ ! deaf ?an = ! public safety4 #gj ,laws1 #aggf1 *4 #bj4 #ga ,laws1 #ahah1 p4 #cdb2 #ahdj1 p4 #cde2 ,code1 #aiaa1 ,sec4 #cjhi4 #gb ,laws1 p4 #abh4 #gc ,laws1 #ahch1 p4 #dj2 #ahda1 p4 #egc4 #gd ,rev4 ,/at41 #ahhc1 *4 #adb1 ,sec4 #b4 #ge ,dige/1 #ahid1 ,sec4 #cega2 #aijd1 ,sec4 #cgfj4 #gf ,/at41 #ahgb1 p4 #fgb2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aiji1 ,sec4 #djg4 ,9 ,kansas by op9ion ( ! attorney-g5]al1 ! juv5ile c\rt laws d n apply to ! deaf4 #gg ,g54 ,/at41 #ahih1 p4 #bfgb4 ,abuse or ill-treatm5t ( an inmate ( a /ate in/itution = ! deaf1 ! bl9d & o!r classes may be puni%$ by f9e or imprisonm5t4 #gh ,laws1 #aijh1 p4 #ee4 ,x is made a misdemeanor to abduct or kidnap inmates ( deaf & dumb & bl9d hospitals4 #gi ,9 sev]al /ates !re are provisions 9 reg>d to ! employm5t ( int]pret]s = ! deaf4 ,see ,code ( ,georgia1 #aiaa1 ,sec4 #ehfd2 ,g54 ,laws ( ,rhode ,isl&1 #aiji1 ,sec4 #chee4 #hj ,laws1 p4 #bjb4 #ha ,laws1 *4 #gf4 #hb ,laws1 #ahgh1 *4 #eb2 #ahhj1 p4 #bj4 #hc ,laws1 #ahie1 *4 #abj2 ,ann4 ,code1 #ahif1 ,sec4 #fhf4 #hd ,purdon's ,dige/1 #aijc1 p4 #ejbc4 ,9 ,georgia p]sons deaf & bl9d are expressly p]mitt$ to make wills if prop]ly scrut9iz$4 ,code1 #aiaa1 ,sec4 #chdd4 #he ,see ,laws ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 #ahie1 *4 #aca4 ,?is relief is "h kn[n z ! ,granite ,/ate ,mission4 ,see also ,deaf-,mutes' ,j\rnal1 ,feb4 #i1 #aiaa4 #hf ,see ,laws1 #ahif1 p4 #dai2 #ahih1 p4 #bab2 #aijj1 p4 #cfi4 #hg ,?is seems to h be5 begun 9 #ahci1 & cont9u$ ne>ly fifty ye>s4 ,see ,laws1 #ahci1 *4 #cbi2 #aheh1 *4 #edf2 #ahhf1 *4 #ccj4 ,! sum ( #ajj 0 fir/ grant$ to ! ,radii1 & lat] appropriations to succe$+ publications4 #hh ,laws1 p4 #ccj4 ,! law 0 secur$ by ! ef=ts ( ! deaf !mselves4 ,see ,deaf-,mutes' ,j\rnal1 ,may #bb1 #aiac4 #hi ,see ,h\/4 ,crim4 ,cas4 7,del471 #bia2 #h ,jones ,l4 7,n4 ,c471 #acf2 #ad ,mass41 #bjg4 ,?is la/ case 0 "o ( l>c5y4 ,see also ,i4 ,l4 ,peet1 ,psy*ical ,/atus & ,crim9al ,responsibility ( ! ,totally ,un$ucat$ ,deaf & ,dumb1 #ahgb 7,j\rnal ( ,psy*ological ,m$ic9e1 ,jan41 #ahgb72 ,annals1 xvii41 #ahgb1 p4 #fe4 #ij #cg ,s4 ,w4 7,tex471 #ddj2 #aah ,mo41 #abg2 #ci ,s4 ,c41 #cah2 #a ,d54 7,n4 ,y471 #ai2 #bc ,col41 #cad2 #c ,n4 ,m41 #acd4 #ia ,see #af ,ohio ,/41 #dee1 :]e a gu>dian 0 all[$2 #da ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #dji1 :]e ! deaf 7 said to be liable to gu>dian%ip4 #ib ,see #a ,jones ,eq4 7,n4 ,c471 #bba4 ,9 #d ,johns4 ,*41 #dda1 a ,new ,york case 9 #ahbj1 x 0 said by ,*ancellor ,k5t t ! deaf & dumb 7 consid]$ prima facie z insane1 incapable ( mak+ a w & fit subjects = gu>dian%ip1 by ! civil law4 ,! presumption 0 due1 he said1 to ! fact t want ( he>+ & spee* exce$+ly cramps ! p[]s ( ! m9d1 b x 0 to be ov]come by pro(4 ,9 ?is case ! presumption 0 ov]rul$4 ,! implication1 h[ev]1 nev] appli$ to ! deaf n born s4 ,at pres5t !re is no presumption 9 connection ) wills1 de$s1 witness+1 or gu>dian%ip4 ,see #c ,conn41 #bii2 #bg ,gratt4 7,va471 #aij2 #f ,ga41 #cbd2 #c ,ir$4 7,n4 ,c471 #ece4 ,9 ! ,miss\ri case1 quot$ above1 x 0 said3 ,presumption ( idiocy does n seem to obta9 9 mod]n practice1 at lea/ n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ic ,! deaf z a class may be said to be /rongly oppos$ to ne>ly all =ms ( legal treatm5t diff]5t f ^? ( _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,9 ,texas1 :]e !y h be5 exempt$ f a p]sonal or prop]ty tax1 !y h made =mal prote/ aga9/ ! exemption4 ,annals1 l41 #aije1 p4 #bfc2 ,report ( ,mississippi ,s*ool1 #aiaa1 p4 #gb4 ,!y h1 z ano!r in/ance1 voic$ opposition to ! release ( crim9als on ! gr\nd ( _! deafness4 ,see ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 ii41 #ahhc1 p4 #af4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,economic ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,ext5t ,,to ,,:i* ,,! ,,deaf ,,are ,a ,,wage-,,e>n+ ,,& ,,self-,,support+ ,,elem5t ,,( ,,! ,,population ,9 ! want ( ! s5se ( he>+1 & ) x (t5times ! faculty ( spee*1 ! deaf are depriv$ ( mo/ important p[]s1 &1 x might appe>1 ( an ess5tial equipm5t = "w among m54 ,x is n to be d5i$ t ! deaf />t out into life sev]ely h&icapp$1 nor c ! difficulties :i* !y mu/ face 9 meet+ ! _w pass unreg>d$4 ,yet not)/&+ ! p>ticul> adv]sity "u :i* ! deaf h to labor1 !y rema9 9 full possession ( all _! o!r physical =ces1 & x may be a "q :e!r on ! :ole !y are to be consid]$ disqualifi$ f engag+ 9 ! indu/rial pursuits ( m54 ,x may be t !re are occupations 9 :i* _! deafness w n prove ( mat]ial consequ5ce1 & t 9 su* fields !y w be able to ent] )\t s]i\s imp$im5t4 ,9 ! pres5t *apt] we %all attempt to see h[ f> ^! possibilities seem to be realiz$ 9 ! actual indu/rial life ( ! community4 ,9 o!r words1 we %all consid] :at is ! place ( ! deaf z economic factors 9 ?is life1 & h[ f> !y are indep5d5t wage-e>n]s1 at ! same "t comp>+ _! economic /&+ ) t ( ! g5]al population4 ,! returns ( ! c5sus1 cov]+ ! entire c\ntry & pres5t+ ! results ( a c>eful inve/igation1 w furni% our mo/ complete s\rce ( in=mation4 ,"h#id are report$ 9 ga9ful occupations #ab1fgh deaf p]sons ov] t5 ye>s ( age1 or #ch4a p] c5t ( ! numb] ( ! deaf ov] ?is age4#ie ,?is is some:at less ?an ! p]c5tage = ! g5]al population1 :i* is #ej4b4 ,( ! deaf tw5ty ye>s ( age & ov]1 h[ev]1 ! p]c5tage ga9fully employ$ is #ej4a1 embrac+ #aa1fgj p]sons4 ,9 ! foll[+ table is %[n ! numb] ( ! deaf ov] t5 ye>s ( age 9 ! five great occupations1 ) ! respective p]c5tages1 & also ! p]c5tages = ! g5]al population4 ,,g5]al ,,occupations ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,p] ,,c5t ,,p] ,,( ,,g5]al ,,occupation ,,numb] ,,c5t ,,population ,agricultural pursuits #d1gfa #cg4e #ce4g ,manufactur+ & me*anical #d1ehc #cf4a #bd4d ,dome/ic & p]sonal #b1cie #ah4i #ai4b ,trade & transportation #eeb #d4d #af4d ,pr(essional #chg #c4a #d4c ,x is se5 f ?is t ! proportions are v ne>ly ! same = ! deaf & ! g5]al population 9 agricultural pursuits1 dome/ic & p]sonal s]vice1 & pr(essional s]vice4 ,9 manufactur+ & me*anical occupations ! proportion ( ! deaf is inde$ consid]ably high]4 ,9 trade & transportation1 on ! o!r h&1 ! proportion = ! deaf is f> l[] ?an t = ! g5]al population--a condition to be acc\nt$ = by ! v evid5t ne$ ( he>+ 9 su* pursuits4 ,( ! deaf engag$ 9 agricultural pursuits1 #c1cff1 or ab\t ?ree-f\r?s1 are 9 a position ( own]%ip or direction1 be+ f>m]s1 plant]s1 or ov]se]s2 #a1bah are agricultural labor]s1 :ile #ge are g>d5]s1 flori/s1 or nurs]y-m54 ,! l>ge numb] ( ! deaf 9 pr(essional occupations is 9 "p expla9$ by ! fact t #bjf are !mselves engag$ 9 ! in/ruction ( ! deaf4 ,o!r specifi$ occupations :]e fifty or m ( ! deaf are employ$ 9 ea* are z foll[s3 ,,specifi$ ,,occupations ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,labor]s n specifi$ #a1bag ,s]vants & wait]s #gab ,boot & %oemak]s & repair]s #eei ,pr9t]s1 li?ograph]s & pressm5 #chb ,c>p5t]s & jo9]s #cga ,dressmak]s #cad ,seam/resses #cjf ,tailors #bcf ,pa9t]s1 glazi]s & v>ni%]s #bbc ,laund]]s #baj ,cig> & tobacco op]ators #afb ,cab9et-mak]s #aai ,m]*ants & deal]s 7retail7 #aae ,iron & /eel work]s #ajf ,cl]ks & copyi/s #aje ,h\sekeep]s & /ew>ds #ia ,ma*9i/s #hg ,blacksmi?s #hd ,m9]s & qu>rym5 #ha ,cotton mill op]ators #gh ,b>b]s & hairdress]s #gd ,bak]s #fa ,ag5ts #fa ,arti/s & tea*]s ( art #fj ,h>ness & saddle mak]s & repair]s #ei ,draym51 hackm51 team/]s1 etc4 #ef ,manufactur]s & (ficials #ee ,masons #eb ,s f>1 !n1 z appe>s f ! f9d+s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c5sus1 ! deaf are se5 to be di/ribut$ among ! *ief indu/ries v g5]ally1 & 9 v _m ( :at are kn[n z trades !y are able to be pr(itably employ$4 ,9 "s activities ( life deafness is ( c\rse an effectual b>ri]1 b ^! are r re/rict$ ones4 ,!re is b "o great division ( employm5t 9 :i* ! deaf _c ent] ext5sively1 namely1 comm]cial & m]cantile pursuits4 ,) ^! exceptions1 ! deaf are f\nd to be indu/rially occupi$ l ! re/ ( ! community1 & to be able to engage1 & actually engag+1 9 mo/ ( ! employm5ts ( m54#if ,9 respect to ! g5]al economic /atus ( ! deaf1 a second s\rce ( in=mation1 at ! bottom ( ! scale1 z x 71 is to be f\nd 9 ! proportion ( ! deaf c>$ = 9 public alms-h\ses4 ,?\gh a mu* great] proportion ( ! deaf are discov]$ "h ?an ( ! g5]al population1 ! deaf d n on ! :ole con/itute a l>ge "p ( ! alms-h\se population ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 #aiaj ! c5sus report$ #edj deaf-mutes to be 9 alms-h\ses1 or six-t5?s ( "o p] c5t ( all _! inmates4#ig ,t is to say1 a little ov] "o p] c5t 7#a4b7 ( ! total numb] ( ! deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are f\nd to-day 9 alms-h\ses4#ih ,su* is ! evid5ce we h 9 respect to ! economic /&+ ( ! deaf4 ,yet ! fact t ! deaf are usually f\nd capable ( tak+ c>e ( !mselves %\ld n be1 aft] all1 a matt] ei!r ( d\bt or ( wond]4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p1 z we h indicat$1 q able-bodi$1 & b = _! want ( he>+ are p]fectly normal 9 respect to do+ a job4 ,if !y are skillful & effici5t1 _! deafness proves comp>atively little ( a drawback4 ,ano!r contribut+ cause 9 ! situation lies 9 ! fact t mo/ ( ! deaf h att5d$ ! special s*ools provid$ = !m1 :]e indu/rial prep>ation ) ! opportunity to le>n a trade is (f]$ & l>gely avail$ (4#ii ,:5 !y g out into ! _w1 !y may be suppos$ to h an indu/rial equipm5t1 :i*1 besides tak+ 9 view _! h&icap1 is "o 9 _m respects fully equal to t ( _! he>+ fell[-labor]s2 & ?\gh _m ( ! deaf1 app>5tly ! great] numb]1 d n foll[ ! trade le>n$ at s*ool1 yet !re is no d\bt t ! tra9+ & lessons 9 indu/ry !re acquir$ prove ( decid$ practical advantage4#ajj ,,views ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,z ,,to ,,_! ,,economic ,,/&+ ,to :at ext5t ! deaf hold !mselves able to /& alongside ! g5]al population may well be indicat$ by :at !y !mselves h to say4 ,( ! adult deaf :o h _h s*ool+1 x is claim$ t eighty-"o p] c5t are ga9fully employ$2#aja & t ( ! adult male deaf n9ety p] c5t are self-support+4#ajb ,a l>ge proportion are said to be ! heads ( families & ! possessors ( homes4#ajc ,9 respect to ! conditions ( _! employm5t1 includ+ t ( wages1 !y are usually ready to decl>e t !y are little diff]5t f ^? ( ! g5]al population1 sometimes tak+ pa9s to po9t out ! sub/antial equality ( ! two4#ajd ,! views ( ! deaf 9 ! :ole matt] ( _! indu/rial foot+ may be express$ z summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ resolutions1 :i* 7 report$ by a special committee on indu/rial conditions ( ! deaf at ! conv5tion ( ! ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf 9 #aijd3aje #a4 ,!re are few ord9>y occupations 9 :i* ! deaf d n or _c engage4 #b4 ,employ]s & =em5 treat deaf workm5 z !y d he>+ workm54 #c4 ,deafness is a h9drance to a great ext5t1 b x is n su* a =midable b>ri] z has popul>ly be5 suppos$4 #d4 ,! deaf workman usually has /eady "w4 ,^? t d n g5]ally h only !mselves to blame4 #e4 ,! deaf inv>iably get ! same wages = ! same class ( "w z ! he>+4 #f4 ,employ]s & =em5 are glad to h deaf workm5 :o c %[ t !y h ! ability to d ! "w expect$ ( !m1 & take !m on a basis equal to t ( ! he>+4 ,if !y are compet5t1 _! s]vices secure ready recognition4#ajf ,,! ,,deaf ,,z ,,alms-,,seek]s ,x might be ?\ght t ! deaf might sometimes f9d _! infirmity a useful means ( solicit+ alms f ! public4 ,b x is gratify+ to le>n t v few ( !m ev] try to make capital out ( _! affliction4 ,t a deaf man m]ely z su* is 9 no wise to be consid]$ a special b5efici>y ( *>ity is a pr9ciple spirit$ly endors$ by ne>ly all ! deaf !mselves2 & !y are f\nd to be ! la/ to l5d enc\ragem5t to any appeals = aid f ! *>itably dispos$4#ajg ,on ! o!r h&1 x is a fact1 p]haps n z widely kn[n z x %\ld be1 t !re are p]sons able to he> :o (t5 pret5d to be deaf & dumb 9 ord] to "w on ! s5sibilities ( ! public4 ,to su* appeals a f> m ready response is met ) ?an %\ld be ! case4 ,! deaf !mselves usually d :at !y c to prev5t ?is1 a c]ta9 numb] inde$ go+ to consid]able l5g?s 9 ?is direction1 & n infrequ5tly runn+ su* impo/ors d[n4#ajh ,9 ne>ly all ! /ate associations ( ! deaf z well z 9 ! national organization x is made a p>ticul> object to inve/igate & prosecute m5dicants simulat+ deafness1 :ile 9 _! pap]s a vigor\s w> is be+ wag$4#aji ,at ! same "t by _m ( ! deaf a campaign ( education is be+ conduct$ = ! enlight5m5t ( ! public4 ,! foll[+ resolutions1 adopt$ by ! ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf 9 #aiaj1 atte/ _! feel+ 9 ! matt]3#aaj ,:]eas1 ,!re is no necessity = an educat$ deaf p]son to beg or solicit alms on acc\nt ( deafness2 & ,:]eas1 ,!re are _m cases ( p]sons :o are n really deaf1 b he>+ p1 :o prey on ! sympa?y ( ! public to ! injury ( ! respectable & self-support+ deaf2 !re=e be x ,resolv$1 ,t x is ! s5se ( ! ,association t /r+5t laws %\ld be enact$1 mak+ x a p5al (f5se to ask pecuni>y aid on acc\nt ( deafness or on pret5se ( be+ deaf & dumb4 ,only v r>ely1 h[ev]1 has legal cognizance be5 tak5 ( ?is evil1 ?\gh x may sometimes be includ$ "u ! g5]al *>ge ( vagrancy or impo/ure4 ,9 a few /ates !re h be5 special enactm5ts1 z 9 ,new ,york#aaa & ,m9nesota1#aab 9 ! =m] ! imp]sonation ( a deaf man be+ expressly add$ to ! (f5ses t con/itute impo/ure1 & 9 ! latt] to ^? t con/itute vagrancy4 ,,homes ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,homes = ! deaf 9 ,am]ica h nev] be5 organiz$ on o!r ?an a small scale1 & 9 ! ma9 !y may be said to s]ve a purpose simil> to t ( homes = ! ag$ & infirm g5]ally4 ,?\gh !re is little call = su* e/abli%m5ts to a wide ext5t1 & ?\gh ! proportion ( ! deaf to be b5efit$ by !m is small1#aac yet = a numb] ( ! deaf !re is a peculi> ne$4 ,^! are deaf p]sons1 usually ! old & decrepit1 :o are )\t means to support !mselves1 & h no family or fri5ds to look to = help4 ,to !m a special retreat 9 association ) o!rs 9 simil> condition proves an immeasurable bless+1 & 9 su* _! la/ ye>s may be sp5t 9 tranquillity & comp>ative happ9ess4 ,! object ( a home = ! deaf is ?us giv5 = "o ( !m4#aad ,to take c>e ( su* ( ! deaf ( ! /ate z are incapacitat$ by reason ( old age or o!r infirmity f tak+ c>e ( !mselves1 to ! end t !y may h ! com=ts ( a home1 :]e !y c associate ) ea* o!r1 & h ! consolation ( religi\s s]vices 9 _! own language ( signs1 in/ead ( be+ s5t to a c\nty infirm>y4 ,! purpose ( ano!r home is ?us describ$3#aae ,?is home is unique1 be+ ! only in/itution ( its k9d 9 ! /ate1 own$ & controll$ by ! deaf1 :o h =m$ !mselves into an association1 kn[n z ! ,p5nsylvania ,society = ! ,advancem5t ( ! ,deaf4 ,l our ,ohio c\s9s1 :o h already e/abli%$ a simil> home1 we pride ourselves ^u our ability to own & control su* a responsible in/itution4 ,! home owes its exi/5ce entirely to ! *>itable impulse ( ! deaf !mselves1 aid$ by ! g5]osity ( _! he>+ fri5ds4 ,x exi/s because ( ! desire to provide a home ( re/ = ! infirm ( our class dur+ _! decl9+ ye>s1 s t !y may f9d "h com=t & happ9ess 9 cong5ial companion%ip & intellig5t conv]sation4 ,at pres5t !re are five homes = ! deaf4#aaf ,!y are f\nd 9 ! /ates ( ,massa*usetts1 ,new ,york1 ,ohio1 & ,p5nsylvania1 !re be+ two 9 ,new ,york4#aag ,! fir/ to be creat$ 0 ! ,gallaudet ,home at ,wapp+]'s ,falls1 ,new ,york1 f\nd$ 9 #ahhe2 ! second ! ,ohio ,home at ,we/]ville 9 #ahif2 ! ?ird ! home ( ,/4 ,elizabe?'s ,indu/rial ,s*ool 9 ,new ,york ,city 9 #ahig2 ! f\r? ! ,new ,engl& ,home at ,ev]ett1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #aija2aah & ! fif? ! ,p5nsylvania ,home at ,doyle/on 9 #aijb4 ,! homes 9 ,ohio & ,p5nsylvania are own$ & controll$ by ! societies = ! deaf 9 ^! respective /ates1 ! managem5t be+ 9 ! h&s ( tru/ees1 9 ! =m] ( tw5ty1 & 9 ! latt] ( n9e4 ,! ,gallaudet ,home is "u ! ,*ur* ,mission to ,deaf-,mutes ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*1 ) ! direction ve/$ 9 a bo>d ( tw5ty-five tru/ees4 ,! home 9 ,massa*usetts is controll$ by a private society organiz$ = ! purpose1 ) a bo>d ( fifte5 tru/ees 9 *>ge4 ,! home 9 ,new ,york ,city is a "p ( ,/4 ,elizabe?'s ,indu/rial ,s*ool ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4#aai ,! homes are = ! mo/ "p = ! deaf ( re/rict$ areas1 ^? 9 ,p5nsylvania & ,ohio be+ = ! deaf 9 ^! respective /ates4 ,) b "o exception1#abj !y are op5 to ! ag$ & infirm1 9 "s !re be+ an age limitation ( sixty ye>s4 ,! homes are 9 g5]al free to ^? qualifi$ to ent]1 & ?\gh a *>ge may be exact$ f p]sons able to pay1 ?is is seldom done1 ! homes be+ int5d$ = ! de/itute & fri5dless4 ,! total numb] ( inmates 9 ! homes is #ajf1 rang+ 9 diff]5t ones f #ac to #cj1 & av]ag+ ab\t #bj4 ,! total annual co/ ( ma9t5ance is #cj1aij1 mak+ ! av]age co/ ( ea* inmate #bij4aba ,! value ( ! prop]ty ( ! homes is ab\t #cge1jjj1 "o home hav+ two-?irds ( ?is1 & two homes f\r-fif?s4 ,z little is receiv$ 9 ! way ( pay f inmates1#abb ! homes h to dep5d = ! mo/ "p ^u private b5evol5ce = _! support4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,ohio & ,p5nsylvania homes ?is support comes l>gely f ! deaf !mselves4#abc ,9 ne>ly all ! homes !re are a c]ta9 numb] ( inmates1 b usually a v small numb]1 c>$ = at public exp5se4 ,private contributions to ! homes are seldom l>ge1 ?\gh 9 "o case ^! h am\nt$ to a consid]able sum4#abd ,!y usually range f ?ree or f\r ?\s& doll>s a ye> to sev]al times z mu*4#abe ,,conclusions ,,) ,,respect ,,to ,,! ,,economic ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,f all ! =ego+ we may conclude ! foll[+ ) respect to ! economic position ( ! deaf3 #a4 ,! deaf are n a burd5 ^u ! community4 #b4 ,!y are wage-e>n]s 9 a degree t comp>es well ) ! g5]al population4 #c4 ,! occupations op5 to !m & 9 :i* !y are successfully employ$ are mu* l>g] 9 numb] ?an is g5]ally ?\ght1 & 9 _m _! infirmity is v little ( a drawback4 #d4 ,! deaf hold !mselves on an economic equality ) ! re/ ( _! fell[-citiz5s1 & ask no alms or favors ( any k9d4 #e4 ,beyond homes = c]ta9 ( ! ag$ & infirm1 :i* are call$ = 9 n a few qu>t]s1 ! deaf /& 9 ne$ ( little di/9ctive economic treatm5t f society4 ,,footnotes3 #id ,special ,reports1 p4 #adf;ff4 #ie ,! proportion = ! deaf w\ld no d\bt be high] b = ! l>ge numb] 9 ! s*ools4 ,x %\ld also be not$ t keep+ h\se1 ! mo/ usual occupation report$ by females1 is n li/$ among ! occupations4 #if ,sev]al ( ! deaf h won di/9ction z arti/s1 & !re h be5 n a few inv5tors4 ,9 ! civil s]vice ( ! ,national gov]nm5t !re are said to be ne>ly two score4 ,9 #aijh an ord] 0 issu$ by ! ,civil ,s]vice ,commission1 deb>r+ deaf p]sons f ?is s]vice4 ,s great 0 ! prote/1 h[ev]1 made by ! deaf & _! fri5ds t ! decision 0 rev]s$ by ! ,presid5t1 & ! deaf 7 all[$ to compete = any position :]e _! deafness w\ld n int]f]e4 ,see ,annals1 liii41 #aijh1 p4 #bdi2 liv41 #aiji1 p4 #chg2 ,volta ,review1 x41 #aijh1 p4 #bbd2 ,sil5t ,work]1 ,feb41 #aiji2 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 ix41 #aiaj1 pp4 #bf1 #gj4 #ig ,paup]s 9 ,alms-h\ses1 #aiac1 p4 #gf4 ,9 #aiaa !re 7 9 ! alms-h\ses ( ,ill9ois1 accord+ to ! ,report ( ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities1 #ch deaf-mutes1 or #j4e p] c5t ( ! entire alms-h\se population2 9 ,indiana1 #ha1 or #b4f p] c5t2 9 ,new ,york1 #aia1 or #a4h p] c5t2 & 9 ,virg9ia1 #ag1 or #j4g p] c5t4 ,9 ,mi*igan1 accord+ to ! annual ,ab/ract ( ,/ati/ical ,in=mation ,relat+ to ! ,insane1 ,deaf & ,dumb1 etc41 = #aiab1 ( ! #a1jei deaf p]sons report$1 #cb1 or #c p] c5t1 7 c>$ = at public exp5se4 #ih ,! p]c5tage = ! g5]al population is #j4a4 #ii ,9 _m s*ools x is said t few ( _! =m] pupils h fail$ to be self-support+1 especially ^? :o h tak5 ! full prescrib$ c\rse4 ,( ! ,new ,york ,in/itution ! proportion is /at$ to be z l[ z f\r p] c5t4 ,report1 #aijg1 p4 #cg4 ,( ! ,mi*igan ,s*ool x is ass]t$ t out ( #a1hjj =m] pupils1 only ?ree are n self-support+4 ,proce$+s ( ,mi*igan ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #aijg1 pp4 #cb1 #fc4 ,simil> claims are made = o!r s*ools 9 respect to ! condition ( ! deaf4 ,by ! head ( ! ,new ,j]sey ,s*ool x is /at$3 ,inquiry at ! /ate prison elicits ! fact t !re is n among its va/ numb] ( inmates a s+le deaf man or woman1 &1 inde$1 ,i "k ( no educat$ deaf convict or paup] 9 ! /ate4 ,report ( ,bo>d ( ,education ( ,new ,j]sey1 #aijd1 p4 #cbc4 ,9 #aiaa a committee ( ! ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors ( ! ,deaf 0 appo9t$ to collect in=mation & /ati/ics z to ! occupations & wages ( ! deaf4 ,proce$+s1 xix41 p4 #bag4 #ajj ,a special committee on ! indu/rial condition ( ! deaf ( ! ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf /at$ z a conclusion3 ,m deaf workm5 le>n a new trade :5 !y leave s*ool ?an foll[ ! "o !y 7 taught at s*ool4 ,proce$+s1 vii41 #aijd1 p4 #baf4 ,9 ,m9nesota ! division = ! deaf 9 ! /ate bureau ( labor works 9 connection ) ! /ate s*ool4 ,see ,deaf-,mutes' ,j\rnal1 ,m>* #g1 #aiab4 ,on ! g5]al indu/rial tra9+ ( ! deaf & its results1 see ,annals1 l41 #aije1 p4 #ih2 lvii41 #aiab1 p4 #cfd2 ,volta ,review1 xi41 #aiji1 p4 #caa 7,proce$+s ( ,am]ican ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf72 xiii41 #aiab1 pp4 #edb1 #eie2 ,proce$+s ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 xv41 #ahih1 p4 #hf2 xvi41 #aija1 p4 #bch2 xvii41 #aije1 p4 #ic2 ,report ( ,special ,committee ( ,bo>d ( ,directors ( ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution to ,collect ,in=mation z to ,lives & ,occupations ( ,=m] ,pupils1 #ahhd2 ,report ( ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #ahhe1 p4 #cj2 ,mississippi ,s*ool1 #ahic1 p4 #i2 #aiaa1 pp4 #cf1 #eb2 ,manual & ,hi/ory ( ,ohio ,s*ool1 #aiaa1 p4 #af2 ,report ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,education1 #ahhe1 p4 ccxxxv42 ,j\rnal ( ,social ,sci5ce1 xxvi41 #ahhi1 p4 #ia4 #aja ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 viii41 #aijg1 p4 #da2 ,indiana ,bullet9 ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 ,june1 #aiab4 #ajb ,proce$+s ( ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #aijf1 pp4 #bcb1 #bci4 #ajc ,ibid42 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 loc4 cit4 #ajd ,9 ,new ,york ! deaf are said to e>n f #bejj a ye> to #f or #g a week1 mo/ be+ j\rneym5 at _! trades or skill$ factory op]atives4 ,proce$+s ( ,empire ,/ate ,association ( ,deaf-,mutes1 xx41 #ahii1 p4 #g4 ,9 ,miss\ri ! e>n+s ( ! graduates ( ! /ate s*ool are report$ z rang+ up to #acjj a ye>4 ,report ( ,miss\ri ,s*ool1 #aiab1 p4 #bh4 ,9 ,massa*usetts1 9 an inve/igation ( ! /ate bo>d ( education1 x has be5 f\nd t ( #hd deaf m5 :o _h left s*ool betwe5 #aijg & #aiab1 ! av]age wage 0 #g4gh a week4 ,volta ,review1 xv41 #aiac1 p4 #ahc4 ,! deaf :5 opportunity (f]s (t5 become memb]s ( labor unions4 ,!y are said q g5]ally to jo9 labor unions :]e ! nature ( _! occupation p]mits1 ?\gh1 on ! :ole1 x does n seem t a l>ge proportion d4 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 vii41 #aijd1 pp4 #adc1 #bah4 ,= o!r views ( ! deaf on _! employm5t & its returns1 see ibid41 i41 #ahhj1 p4 #aj2 iv41 #ahic1 pp4 #abb1 #afg2 v41 #ahif1 p4 #ce2 vi41 #ahii1 p4 #fd2 viii41 #aijg1 p4 #ec2 ,empire ,/ate ,association ( ,deaf-,mutes1 xi41 #ahhg1 p4 #i2 ,ill9ois ,gallaudet ,union1 v41 #ahig1 p4 #be2 ,reunion ( ,alumni ( ,wiscons9 ,s*ool = ! ,deaf1 vii41 #ahie1 p4 #b2 ,l\isiana ,pelican1 ( ,l\isiana ,s*ool1 ,oct4 #ag1 #aijh4 #aje ,proce$+s1 vii41 p4 #aij;ff4 ,que/ionnaires 7 submitt$ to deaf workm5 & _! employ]s1 & ! conclusions 7p4 #bbg7 7 bas$ on _! replies4 ,^! resolutions 7 confirm$ by fur!r f9d+s report$ 9 #aijg1 especially z to ! simil>ity ( ! wages ( ! deaf & ! he>+1 & z to ! satisfaction ( employ]s ) deaf workm54 ,proce$+s1 viii41 p4 #dh4 #ajf ,ano!r conclusion 0 t rural pursuits are bett] = ! deaf ?an factory "w4 #ajg ,see ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 v41 #aheh1 p4 #cea2 ,report ( ,k5tucky ,s*ool1 #ahfg1 p4 #acn42 ,annals1 x41 #aheh1 p4 #afa2 xxiv41 #ahgi1 p4 #aid4 #ajh ,9 ! ye> #aiaa ! numb] ( impo/ors ^: arre/ 0 secur$ by ! deaf 0 #ch4 ,deaf-,mutes' ,j\rnal1 ,sept4 #d1 #aiac4 #aji ,9 _m issues ?is is made a prom95t feature4 #aaj ,proce$+s1 ix41 p4 #hi4 ,see also ,proce$+s ( ,p5nsylvania ,society = ! ,advancem5t ( ! ,deaf1 xxiv41 #aiaj1 pp4 #ab1 #cb2 ,i[a ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ! ,deaf1 vi41 #ahie1 p4 #bi4 ,! action on ! "p ( ! deaf is wor?y ( ! highe/ praise1 & speaks volumes = !m4 ,! real cause = wond]1 h[ev]1 is t ! public %\ld ev] all[ itself to be deceiv$ by ^? ask+ alms on ! pretexts giv54 ,by no disease kn[n to m$ical sci5ce1 save p>alysis alone1 c a man lose 8 spee* & he>+ at "o & ! same "t4 ,x may be safely e/imat$ t ( su* g5try #ih1 p]haps #ajj1 p] c5t are rank frauds4 #aaa ,rev4 ,/at41 #ahif1 p4 #abdb4 ,see also ,annals1 xxxi41 #ahhf1 p4 #bie4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x w\ld seem t su* /atutes z t 9 ,p5nsylvania :i* we h not$1 exempt+ ! deaf f ! provisions aga9/ tramps1 w\ld l5d enc\ragem5t to alms-seek+4 #aab ,laws1 #aiaa1 p4 #cef4 ,! law 9 ?is /ate 0 secur$ by ! action ( ! deaf4 #aac ,x is said t less ?an #djj1 or less ?an "o p] c5t ( ! entire numb] ( ! deaf1 are 9 ne$ ( special homes4 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 ix41 #aiaj1 p4 #ea4 #aad ,report ( ,ohio ,home = ,ag$ & ,infirm ,deaf1 #aiab1 p4 #ae4 #aae ,f an address giv5 at op5+ ( ,p5nsylvania ,home = ! ,deaf1 #aijb4 ,on ! objects ( a home1 see also ,proce$+s ( ,reunion ( ,alumni ( ,wiscons9 ,s*ool = ! ,deaf1 vii41 #ahie1 p4 #aj4 #aaf ,9 ?ree o!r /ates funds are be+ collect$ to e/abli% homes3 ,ill9ois1 ,indiana & ,miss\ri4 ,to t 9 ,indiana #bj acres ( l& h be5 donat$4 ,a private home 0 op5$ 9 ,new ,j]sey 9 #ahed = color$ deaf1 bl9d & crippl$1 la/+ b a %ort "t1 & hav+ less ?an a doz5 inmates4 ,see ,report ( ,new ,j]sey ,s*ool = ! ,deaf1 #ahic1 pp4 #c1 #g4 #aag ,a national home = ! deaf has also be5 propos$4 ,= argum5ts = & aga9/ x1 see ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 ix41 #aiaj1 p4 #ea4 ,9 #ahgb su* a home 0 project$1 to be locat$ 9 ,new ,york ,city1 "s #d1jjj be+ collect$ = x4 ,little enc\ragem5t1 h[ev]1 0 met f outside1 & ! plan 0 ab&on$ = a local in/itution4 ,see ,report ( ,*ur* ,mission to ,deaf-,mutes1 #ahgd1 p4 #ah2 #ahge1 p4 #ag 7,report ( ,committee on ,build+ & ,fund ( ,national ,home = ! ,ag$ & ,infirm ,deaf72 ,new ,york ,times1 ,sept4 #a1 #ahge4 ,see also ,int]national ,record ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 ,june1 #ahhf4 #aah ,?is home 0 at ,roxbury till #aije4 #aai ,9 "o or two cases !re are ladies' auxili>y societies4 #abj ,! home 9 ,new ,york ,city receives only wom5 f sixte5 to fifty ye>s ( age4 #aba ,"o home is exceptionally provid$ =1 h[ev]4 ,)\t x ! av]age is #beb4 #abb ,9 #aijc ! am\nt f pay inmates 0 #a1fjj4 ,special ,report ( ! ,c5sus4 ,b5evol5t ,in/itutions1 #aijd4 ,! nom9al *>ge is usually #bej4 #abc ,ov] #c1jjj 0 contribut$ by ! deaf ( ,ohio = ! e/abli%m5t ( a home 9 ?is /ate4 #abd ,! ,gallaudet ,home has an end[m5t fund ( #aec1aej1 ( :i* #ajg1jjj came f "o legacy4 #abe ,see ,app5dix ,a = table 9 respect to ! homes = ! deaf4 ,9 connection ) ! s*eme ( homes = ! deaf1 x is int]e/+ to note t !re h be5 "o or two sugge/ions = colonies = !m1 ?\gh su* h nev] be5 tak5 s]i\sly4 ,"o 0 by a deaf man 9 #ahfj 9 ! =m ( a memorial to ,congress = ! creation ( a deaf-mute commonweal?4 ,see ,annals1 viii41 #ahef1 p4 #aah2 x41 #aheh1 pp4 #dj1 #gb1 #acf2 xxix41 #ahhd1 p4 #gc4 ,see also ,facts & ,op9ions ,relat+ to ! ,deaf f ,am]ica1 #ahib1 p4 #ahb2 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 i41 #ahhj1 pp4 #cf-ci4 ,f>m colonies on a small scale = poor deaf-mutes h also be5 consid]$ occasionally1 b little fur!r has ev] be5 attempt$4 ,see ,deaf-,mutes' ,j\rnal1 ,aug4 #h1 #aiab2 ,sept4 #ab1 #aiab4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,social ,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,social ,,cleavage ,,f ,,! ,,g5]al ,,population ,! prec$+ *apt] has dealt ) ! economic possibilities ( ! deaf1 & ! ext5t to :i* !y /& alongside ! population g5]ally4 ,! o!r side ( ! %ield 9 relation ( ! deaf to society is n[ to be pres5t$1 t is1 h[ f> _! want ( he>+ w c\nt 9 _! p>ticipation 9 ! social life ( ! community4 ,:ile ! deaf man may be an active compon5t 9 ! economic & indu/rial life ( society1 yet 8 inability to he> & 8 frequ5tly consequ5t inability to speak /& 9 ! way ( 8 prompt & cont9u\s p>tak+ 9 its social life4 ,he may1 & does1 h _m fri5ds among 8 neighbors & acqua9tances1 b 9 ! disc\rse betwe5 man & man :i* =ms su* a l>ge "p ( ! int]e/ & delight 9 liv+1 he is unable to jo94 ,!re is usually at h& no ready & rapid means ( communication z !re is betwe5 two he>+ p]sons 9 conv]sation1 & 8 int]c\rse mu/ necess>ily be sl[ & t$i\s4 ,! privileges ( 8 *ur* he _c enjoy2 9 8 lodge he misses ! fell[%ip :i* is "o ( its fundam5tal ends2 9 few =ms ( convivial ent]ta9m5t c he take "p4 ,?us seek+ an outlet = ^? social in/9cts :i* *>ge ?r\gh 8 be+1 ! deaf man f9ds himself among m51 b z ?\gh surr\nd$ by a great imp5etrable wall aga9/ :i* _! voices break 9 va94 ,plac$1 h[ev]1 ) 8 deaf fell[s1 he discov]s himself 9 a diff]5t situation4 ,he soon le>ns t by ! use ( t language ( signs s l>gely employ$ by o!r deaf m51 & ( :i* he 9 a %ort "t becomes ma/]1 he is able to conv]se ) an ease & quickness fully z great z by t means ( :i* he has be5 depriv$4 ,h5ce he ceases 9 l>ge measure to c>ry on 8 social int]c\rse ) ! he>+1 & turns to 8 deaf comrades2 9 !m he builds up an approximately cong5ial companion%ip & fell[%ip1 & to !m he looks l>gely = 8 means ( social div]sion4 ,) !m he feels a close bond ( sympa?y1 & is mov$ to co-op]ate ) !m1 & to /& ) !m :5 _! mutual int]e/s are conc]n$4 ,9 "t associations 9 v>i\s =ms come to be organiz$ among !m4 ,9 su* wise is realiz$ ! desire ( ! deaf z ( all m5 to commune ) _! fell[s4 ,,desirability ,,( ,,organizations ,,compos$ ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,by "s p societies or organizations compos$ exclusively ( ! deaf h be5 oppos$1 or at lea/ look$ ^u ) disfavor4 ,?is is because x has be5 felt t x is n well = ! deaf to =m a class ap>t 9 ! community1 & t unless disc\rag$ ! practice w cause int]m>riage among ! deaf1 :i* may result 9 an increas+ numb] ( deaf p--a matt] to :i* we h already giv5 att5tion4 ,b 9 combat+ ?is t5d5cy ( ! deaf to organize among !mselves1 we are really unm9dful ( an elem5tal sociological pr9ciple1 t l-m9d$ p]sons are prone to congregate1 & w seek to =m purposive societies & associations1 exemplifi$ z well 9 a boys' a?letic club1 9 a *ur* sew+ circle1 9 a lodge ( free & accept$ masons1 z 9 a league ( elect surds4#abf ,if clanni%ness is ! outcome1 x mu/ be accept$ only z ! necess>y consequ5ce ( ! infirmity ( ! deaf1 9 ! practical affairs ( life su* m5 be+ b\nd to seek out & associate ) o!rs ( l condition4 ,by ! deaf !mselves x is claim$ t ! good readily outweighs ! possible evils1 & t1 z ! fact ( _! deafness =bids !m belong+ g5]ally to societies = ! he>+1 !y are ?us =c$ to b& toge!r1 or almo/ entirely to g )\t ! social amalgamations :i* =m su* a conspicu\s & valuable "p ( life4#abg ,,purposes1 ,,activities ,,& ,,ext5t ,,( ,,su* ,,organizations ,! organizations ( ! deaf are ( sev]al k9ds3 t]m$ clubs1 leagues1 societies1 associations & ! l2 & :]ev] a numb] ( deaf p]sons are congregat$1 "s su* organization is likely to be effect$4#abh ,9 l>ge cities n a few may be f\nd1 plann$ p]haps on diff]5t l9es or appeal+ to diff]5t k9ds ( p4 ,! majority ( ! societies are =m$ = ! mutual pleasure & culture ( ! memb]s4#abi ,a "p are organiz$ on frat]nal pr9ciples1 "s ) b5efit features1 pay+ out s mu* 9 case ( illness & ! l2 :ile 9 a few a c]ta9 am\nt ( relief may be disp5s$ to ^? discov]$ to be 9 ne$4 ,9 mo/ ( ! societies1 z ) ! body ( ! deaf g5]ally1 !re is a consid]able am\nt ( solid>ity1 & ! memb]s are usually quick to act 9 a common cause or to apply ! pr9ciple t ! conc]n ( "o is ! conc]n ( all4#acj ,:ile ^! societies ( ! deaf are usually local 9 _! composition1 !re exi/s m or less communication ) bodies 9 o!r cities & communities4 ,9 ov] a f\r? ( ! /ates !re are /ate societies1 :ile 9 mo/ ( ! /ates !re are also alumni associations ( ! special s*ools1 :i* are ( /ate-wide ext5t4#aca ,a national body is likewise 9 exi/5ce1 ! ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 f\nd$ 9 #ahhj1 & incorporat$ 9 #aijj2 & !re is a ,national ,frat]nal ,society ( ! ,deaf1 ) b5efits = sickness1 injury & dea?1 :i* has _m local bran*es1 ?is be+ probably ! l>ge/ organization ( ! deaf 9 ! c\ntry4#acb ,an int]national organization has also be5 =m$1 kn[n z ! ,_w's ,congress ( ! ,deaf4 ,among ! v>i\s associations ( ! deaf1 p>ticul> m5tion may be made ( *ur* organizations 9 "s ( ! l>g] cities & t[ns1 :i* n infrequ5tly s]ve 9 "s measure ! purpose ( a social c5t]4 ,^! deaf congregations are usually 9 communion ) "s d5om9ational body1 (t5 be+ ! result ( *ur* missions to ! deaf1 & are m9i/]$ to regul>ly or at /at$ times by cl]gym51 mo/ ( :om are !mselves deaf4 ,= ! use ( ! deaf1 ! *ur* build+ or rooms 9 x are g5]ally giv5 ov] at c]ta9 times4 ,9 a few cases ! deaf are 9 possession ( edifices ( _! own4#acc ,,newspap]s ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,) ! deaf !re h be5 a numb] ( special pap]s1 publi%$ by & = !m1 & circulat+ = ! mo/ "p only among !m4 ,_! *ief purpose is to *ronicle ! v>i\s happ5+s 9 deaf circles1 & to s]ve z a m$ium = ! discussion ( matt]s ( g5]al int]e/ to ! deaf4 ,^! pap]s are usually weeklies or mon?lies1 m (t5 ! =m]1 & frequ5tly h correspond5ts 9 a great] or small] numb] ( localities4 ,!re h be5 n a few v5tures 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( su* indep5d5t pap]s1 b mo/ ( !m h prov$ %ort-liv$ = want ( suffici5t support1 "s be+ ( v brief duration1 & only an exceptional "o cont9u+ ov] an ext5d$ p]iod4 ,z a rule !re h be5 seldom m ?an two or ?ree 9 exi/5ce at any "o "t4#acd ,9 addition1 !re h be5 sev]al religi\s pap]s = ! deaf1 (t5 "u ! auspices ( "s d5om9ational body1 b usually publi%$ by ! deaf !mselves4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 h nev] be5 num]\s1 & h be5 ( limit$ circulation4#ace ,,footnotes3 #abf ,! deaf are n usually eligible to regul> secret ord]s4 #abg ,on ! subject ( societies ( ! deaf1 see ,annals1 xviii41 #ahgc1 pp4 #bjj1 #bee2 xxi41 #ahgf1 p4 #acg2 xxxii41 #ahhg1 p4 #bdf2 xxxiii41 #ahhh1 p4 #bh2 xlix41 #aijd1 p4 #cfi2 ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 ix41 #ahgh1 p4 #aag2 ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 ii41 #ahhc1 p4 #ab2 iv41 #ahic1 pp4 #be1 #dj2 vii41 #aijd1 p4 #acb2 viii41 #aijg1 p4 #bf2 ,reunion ( ,alumni ( ,wiscons9 ,s*ool = ! ,deaf1 v41 #ahhh1 p4 #cf2 ,empire ,/ate ,association ( ,deaf-,mutes1 xiii41 #ahij1 p4 #ab2 ,deaf-,mutes' ,fri5d1 ,aug41 #ahfi4 ,see also ,e4 ,a4 ,hodgson1 ,! ,deaf & ,dumb2 ,facts1 ,anecdotes & ,poetry1 #ahia2 ,j4 ,e4 ,gallah]1 ,repres5tative ,deaf ,p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ahih2 ,int]national ,review1 ii41 #ahge1 p4 #dga4 #abh ,! olde/ organization ( ! deaf n[ exi/+ is ! ,new ,engl& ,gallaudet ,association ( ! ,deaf1 :i* began 9 #ahec4 ,x result$ l>gely f ! ,gallaudet ,memorial ,association1 organiz$ two ye>s be=e to raise funds = a monum5t to ,?omas ,hopk9s ,gallaudet4 ,9 #ahei 0 creat$ ! ,alumni ,association ( ! ,high ,class ( ! ,new ,york ,in/itution2 9 #ahfe ! ,empire ,/ate ,association2 & 9 #ahgj ! ,ohio ,alumni ,association4 ,see ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 iv41 #ahic1 p4 #be4 #abi ,"s ( ^! h special club rooms = social & lit]>y meet+s1 :]e conv]sation c be c>ri$ on freely )\t attract+ public notice4 ,"s ( ^! club rooms are l>ge & well appo9t$4 ,9 n a few ( ! y\ng] clubs a?letics =ms a prom95t feature4 #acj ,?is _s is illu/rat$ 9 _m ways1 p]haps mo/ /rik+ly 9 ! case :]e a deaf man seems likely to be deb>r$ f "s public position because ( 8 want ( he>+1 :5 ! deaf promptly rally to 8 support4 ,we h already se5 _! action 9 connection ) ! ord] ( ! ,civil ,s]vice ,commission4 ,sometimes c&idates = (fice h be5 ask$ to /ate _! views on ?is subject4 ,z a fur!r in/ance ( mutual assi/ance among ! deaf may be m5tion$ ! rais+ ( relief funds = deaf suff]]s 9 o!r localities 9 times ( "s great disa/]4 #aca ,9 ,ohio & ,p5nsylvania ! /ate societies manage homes = ! ag$ deaf1 z we h se52 & 9 ,virg9ia ! /ate association supports a special mission>y to ! deaf4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania !re are _m c\nty sections ( ! /ate body4 ,9 a numb] ( c5t]s a lead+ association is t ( ! alumni ( ,gallaudet ,college4 #acb ,!re has also frequ5tly be5 discussion ( a f$]ation ( ! v>i\s /ate & local organizations4 ,see ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 iii41 #ahhi1 p4 #ad2 ix41 #aiaj1 p4 #be4 #acc ,su* *ur*es are n[ 9 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia & ,:eel+1 "u ,prote/ant ,episcopal auspices2 9 ,milwaukee "u ,lu!ran2 & 9 ,baltimore "u ,me?odi/4 ,special *ur* build+s are also 9 contemplation 9 o!r cities4 ,funds = ^! *ur*es are rais$ by ! deaf ) ! assi/ance ( _! he>+ fri5ds4 ,9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* !re is a special organization ( ! deaf1 f\nd$ 9 #aiaj1 & kn[n z ! ,knights ( l',epee4 #acd ,!re h be5 ab\t ?irty su* publications creat$1 ! fir/ ( :i* seems to h be5 begun 9 #ahci1 & ! second 9 #ahfj4 ,see especially ,p]iodicals ,devot$ to ! ,int]e/s ( ! ,deaf1 by ! ,volta ,bureau1 #aiac4 ,see also ,volta ,review1 xii41 #aiaj1 p4 #def2 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 ix41 #aiaj1 p4 #de4 ,! pres5t publications are3 ! ,deaf-,mutes' ,j\rnal1 ( ,new ,york1 a weekly2 ! ,obs]v]1 ( ,seattle1 a bi-weekly2 ! ,frat1 ( ,*icago1 a mon?ly2 & ! ,p5nsylvania ,society ,news1 a qu>t]ly4 #ace ,^? n[ exi/+ are3 ! ,ca?olic ,deaf-,mute1 ( ,new ,york1 "u ,roman ,ca?olic auspices2 ! ,sil5t ,*ur*man1 ( ,*icago1 "u ,prote/ant ,episcopal2 ! ,sil5t ,h]ald1 ( ,*icago1 "u ,me?odi/2 & ! ,deaf ,lu!ran1 ( ,milwaukee1 "u ,lu!ran4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,popul> ,,conceptions ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,deaf ,,view$ ,,z ,a ,,/range ,,class ,! position ( ! deaf 9 society is yet to be se5 f ano!r /&po9t4 ,! "q may be ask$1 ,h[ does ! public at l>ge1 h[ does ! man 9 ! /reet1 look ^u ! deaf8 ,are ! deaf view$ m]ely z s _m p depriv$ ( ! s5se ( he>+1 9 :om also ! p[] ( spee* is (t5 want+8 ,or is !re sup]impos$ ^u ?is a feel+1 ow+ p]haps to ! suppos$ isolation ( ! deaf1 t !y are 9 o!r ways a peculi> class ( be+s8 ,un=tunately1 x is ! latt] ( ^! two conceptions t is ! prevail+ "o--un=tunately = ! deaf1 = _! burd5 is q suffici5t z x is4 ,! public has be5 & is "u _m misappreh5sions & delusions reg>d+ ! deaf4#acf ,be+ ?r[n intimately ) !m b seldom1 p (t5 come to =m curi\s ideas respect+ ! deaf1 b ideas :i* are m or less unhappy ones4 ,!re is frequ5tly an attitude t[>ds !m comb9$ ( wond]1 misgiv+1 fe>1 av]sion--a vague feel+ or belief t ! deaf are m or less di/9ct 9 _! ?\ghts & actions f o!r p1 t !y are someh[ unnatural or uncanny4#acg ,,view$ ,,z ,a ,,defective ,,class ,n only are ! deaf (t5 look$ ^u z a /range class 9 ! community1 b !y are n uncommonly kn[n z defectives1 & ?is is ! classification frequ5tly appli$ to !m4 ,x is true t ! deaf are defective 9 t !y are depriv$ ( "o ( ! mo/ important ( ! physical s5ses2 b1 9 addition1 ! t]m (t5 c>ries a connotation ( m5tal1 or ev5 ( moral1 ab]rance1 & results 9 ! infliction ^u ! deaf ( an unnecess>y br&4 ,9 _m libr>ies su* a classification is f\nd1 & ! deaf are catalogu$ "u ! head+ defective4 ,9 ! ,index ( ! ,economic ,mat]ial 9 ,docum5ts ( ! ,/ates ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ! ,c>negie ,f\ndation1 ! deaf & ! bl9d are gr\p$ z defectives along ) ! feeble-m9d$ & consumptives4#ach ,?\gh 9 su* a classification1 any unt[>d signification is disclaim$1 & x is held to be m]ely "o ( conv5i5ce ( arrangem5t1 x rema9s true t t]ms are employ$ & associations involv$ t to a c]ta9 ext5t d a v real injury to ! deaf4#aci ,,view$ ,,z ,,an ,,unhappy ,,class ,p are also prone to ?9k ( ! deaf z an unhappy1 morose or deject$ class4 ,pr(essor ,e4 ,t4 ,dev9e 9 8 ,mis]y & its ,causes 7#aiji7adj enum]ates ! deaf1 among o!r classes1 z embodim5ts ( mis]y--n = ! mo/ "p1 he is c>eful to /ate1 p]sonally unhappy1 b r ) ref]5ce to _! imp]fect s5ses4 ,?is view is cle> en\gh1 & 9 "o s5se is d\btless correct2 b x does n express ! entire situation 9 respect to ! deaf4 ,:ile _! deafness mu/ always be a s]i\s & di/ress+ affliction1 & ev5 h&icap & burd5 z well1 & :ile ! deaf mu/ (t5 bemoan _! fate1 x yet seems to be true t ! deaf z a lot are n unhappy4 ,!y are good-natur$1 see ! _w f an odd angle sometimes1 yet are z mu* philosoph]s z ! av]age man2 & :5 9 ! company ( _! deaf associates are able to d]ive fully z l>ge a portion ( happ9ess z any o!r gr\p ( human be+s4 ,! deaf are *e]ful1 sway$ by ! same emotions z o!r mortals1 responsive equally to all ! t\*es ( life1 & are n1 at lea/ 9 ^! days ( education1 a morbid1 brood+1 passionate folk1 z is too (t5 ! popul> judgm5t4 ,,view$ ,,z ,a ,,dep5d5t ,,class ,9 "s qu>t]s ! deaf cont9ue to be look$ ^u z "o ( ! dep5d5t classes ( society4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,hunt] 9 8 ,pov]ty 7#aijd7ada "u ! head ( ,dep5d5ts & _! ,treatm5t places ! deaf & dumb z absolute dep5d5ts4 ,su* views1 h[ev]1 are no long] g5]al1 ! deaf hav+ !mselves demon/rat$ to :at ext5t !y are a self-support+ "p ( ! community4 ,b :]e ?is belief is /ill %>$1 ! deaf are ?\ght 9 _m cases to be 9 ne$ ( aid or public *>ity2 or at any rate to be economically inf]ior to ! re/ ( society4 ,deaf pupils 9 ! s*ools1 = in/ance1 are (t5 ref]r$ to z inmates or ev5 z pati5ts1 n only by ! public b by newspap]s z well2 & ! s*ools !mselves are (t5 spok5 ( z asylums or z *>itable in/itutions4#adb ,?is nom5clature is h>dly def5sible on any gr\nd1 & by x ! education ( ! deaf is n ev5 giv5 its true /atus4 ,z a fur!r illu/ration ( ! g5]al feel+1 ?\gh r ( diff]5t ord]1 may p]haps be cit$ ! attitude ( ! g5]al insurance companies t[>d ! deaf4 ,?\gh "s ( ! companies accept ! deaf at _! regul> rates1 a numb] refuse !m altoge!r1 :ile o!rs limit _! liability or dem& an extra premium4#adc ,?is is l>gely because ( ! fe> t ! deaf are m liable to accid5ts ?an o!r p2 b 9 po9t ( fact ! deaf seem to be a long-liv$ p1 & x is likely t ) great] /ati/ical k conc]n+ !m1 mo/ ( ! discrim9ation w\ld cease4#add ,,ne$ ,,( ,a ,,*ang$ ,,reg>d ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,?us 9 _m ways are ! deaf made to suff] f popul> misconceptions1 & q unnecess>ily4 ,too long h designations be5 employ$ reg>d+ !m t call up undes]v$ associations4 ,too long h !y be5 set d[n z a /range & unc]ta9 body ( human be+s1 remov$ 9 _! actions1 mann]s & modes ( ?\ght f ! re/ ( society4 ,! int]e/s ( ! deaf require a diff]5t consid]ation & treatm5t4 ,!y dem& t ! deaf be reg>d$ exactly z o!r p1 only unable to he>4 ,!irs w be a great boon :5 !y are look$ ^u no m z a di/9ct & diff]5t portion ( ! race1 b entirely z normal creatures1 equally capable & human z all o!r m54#ade ,,footnotes3 #acf ,v (t5 9 ! public m9d ! deaf & ! bl9d are associat$1 ! two classes sometimes becom+ m or less m]g$ ! "o into ! o!r1 & ! problems ( ! "o are n infrequ5tly assum$ to be ^? ( ! o!r4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re is b "o po9t ( simil>ity 9 ! two classes--bo? are defective 9 t !y are depriv$ ( a mo/ important physical s5se4 ,! gulf t really sep>ates ! bl9d f ! deaf is f> deep] ?an t :i* lies betwe5 ei!r ( ! two classes & ! normal population4 #acg ,9 ?is connection x may be int]e/+ to note ! reg>d = ! deaf z has be5 indicat$ by ! deaf *>act]s t h be5 creat$ 9 fiction4 ,?\gh n a l>ge numb] are f\nd1 !re is display$ t[>ds !m an attitude l>gely ( k9dly sympa?y1 9 "s cases m+l$ ) wond]4 ,su* *>act]s appe> 9 ,lew ,wallace's ,pr9ce ( ,india1 :]e ?ree deaf-mutes are in/ruct$ to speak2 ,scott's ,fanella 9 ,pev]il ( ! ,peak2 ,dick5s' ,sophy 9 ,dr4 ,m>igold 7an unusually attractive & lovable "*72 ,coll9s' ,madonna ,m>y 9 ,hide & ,seek2 ,ca9e's ,naomi 9 ,! ,scapegoat2 ,hagg>d's ,%e2 ,ma>t5's ,god's ,fool2 de ,musset's ,pi]re & ,camille2 & else:]e4 ,?omas ,holcr(t's ,deaf & ,dumb2 or ! ,orphan ,protect$ is an adaptation f ! ,fr5* play ,abbe de l',epee ( ,j4 ,n4 ,b\illy1 9 #ahjb1 9 :i* ! f\nd] ( ! fir/ s*ool = ! deaf & 8 pupils are t\*+ly portray$4 ,feign$ *>act]s are also f\nd1 z ,scott's mute 9 ,! ,talisman2 9 ,moli]e's ,le ,m$ec9 malgre ,lui2 ,jonson's ,epico5e2 & ,john ,poole's ,deaf z a ,po/4 ,defoe has a "*1 ,duncan ,campbell1 :i* is possibly bas$ on "o f real life1 be+ ref]r$ to by ,addison 9 ! ,spectator & ! ,tatl]4 ,on ! subject ( ! deaf 9 fiction1 see ,sil5t ,work]1 ,dec41 #ahic2 ,annals1 xxxix41 #ahid1 p4 #gi2 ,indiana ,bullet9 ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 ,june1 #ahig2 ,a!naeum1 ,feb41 ,april1 #ahif4 #ach ,x may be record$ "h t 9 ! pres5t compilation ( ! ,bibliography ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bureau ( ,education1 ! expression =m]ly us$1 ,del9qu5ts1 ,dep5d5ts & ,defectives1 has be5 dropp$ 9 favor ( ! t]m1 ,special ,classes ( ,p]sons4 ,on ?is subject1 see ,proce$+s ( ,national ,educational ,association1 #aija1 p4 #hgf4 #aci ,a possibly m s]i\s misappreh5sion respect+ ! deaf arises f ! impression (t5 curr5t among a l>ge numb] ( p1 & app>5tly enc\rag$ n infrequ5tly 9 ! proce$+s ( "s sci5tific bodies1 to ! effect t ne>ly all deaf-mutes are s ei!r because ( a simil> condition 9 _! p>5ts or because ( ! exi/5ce 9 ! p>5ts ( "s physical disease1 sometimes ( an immoral "*4 ,?is is 9 a great "p due to ! increas+ emphasis ^u eug5ics1 ) ! desire to we$ out f ! population z _m z possible ( ! unfit or defective4 ,9 consequ5ce has be5 ! belief t if !re 7 prop] regulation ( c]ta9 m>riages1 especially ( ! deaf & ( o!rs suff]+ f p>ticul> maladies1 deaf-mutism1 :i* is look$ ^u z an excresc5ce ^u society1 w\ld 9 ! c\rse ( a %ort "t be /amp$ out4 ,an illu/ration ( ?is conception is ! foll[+ extract f ! ,h&book ( ! ,*ild ,welf>e ,exhibit held 9 ,new ,york 9 #aiaa 7p4 #ch73 ,mat+ ( ! ,unfit4 ',! ,law'4 ,m>riages ( c\s9s1 insane or feeble-m9d$1 alcoholic1 syphilitic p>5ts & effects4 ,! co/--#g1cfi bl9d infants1 #hi1bhg deaf & dumb1 #ah1dgf feeble-m9d$4 ,see also ,proce$+s ( ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #aiab1 p4 #bgg2 ,report ( ,philadelphia ,baby ,sav+ ,%[1 #aiab1 p4 #cg2 ,annals1 lvii41 #aiab1 p4 #bhd4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 z we h already se51 ! "q ( deafness is n "o s mu* ( eug5ics z ( m$ical sci5ce1 al?\gh eug5ics may well be call$ 9 play 9 respect to ! m>riages ( p]sons "u unfavorable conditions1 includ+ to an ext5t ! cong5itally deaf & ^? hav+ deaf relatives4 ,! total numb] ( ! deaf1 h[ev]1 m>ry+ "u unfavorable conditions1 is n l>ge4 ,e ef=t to remove or dim9i% deafness is entitl$ only to ! highe/ praise2 b :5 x is made to appe> t deafness g5]ally results f su* causes z are (t5 ascrib$1 x is se5 h[ wrongly ! deaf1 ^u :om a great affliction is already re/+1 may be made to suff]4 #adj ,p4 #de4 ,see also ,proce$+s ( ,empire ,/ate ,association ( ,deaf-,mutes1 xii41 #ahhh1 p4 #ce2 ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #ahhc1 p4 #daf4 #ada ,p4 #gf4 ,see also p4 #if4 ,simil>ly ,pr(essor ,c4 ,r4 ,h5d]son 9 8 ,dep5d5ts1 ,defectives & ,del9qu5ts says 7p4 #agj73 ,_m ( ! deaf & bl9d are s defici5t 9 indu/rial effici5cy1 ow+ to _! infirmity1 t !y mu/ be c>$ = 9 adult life & old age4 #adb ,9 ! special c5sus report ( ,b5evol5t ,in/itutions ( #aijd s*ools = ! deaf & ! bl9d are includ$1 because !y conta9 free homes = c>e & ma9t5ance4 ,9 "s *>ity directories s*ools = ! deaf are li/$4 #adc ,x is claim$ t #ie p] c5t ( ! g5]al frat]nal organizations consid] ! deaf z haz>d\s or undesirable4 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 ix41 #aiaj1 p4 #ec4 ,accid5t insurance is usually refus$ by all4 ,:5 an extra rate is *>g$ 9 life insurance1 ?is is usually "o-half ( "o p] c5t4 ,on ! subject ( insurance & ! mortality ( ! deaf1 see ,annals1 xxxiii41 #ahhh1 p4 #bdf2 xlix41 #aijd1 p4 #bgd2 ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 ii41 #ahea1 p4 #afh2 iii41 #ahec1 p4 #he2 xi41 #ahhf1 p4 #fg2 ,empire ,/ate ,association ( ,deaf-,mutes1 xii41 #ahhh1 p4 #ce2 xiii41 #ahij1 p4 #cj3 xvi41 #ahid1 p4 #bh2 xix41 #ahig1 p4 #ic2 ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 ii41 #ahhc1 p4 #ab2 vii41 #aijd1 p4 #ahc2 ,report ( ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahec1 p4 #gj4 #add ,! =ego+ illu/rate "s ( ! mo/ /rik+ misconceptions reg>d+ ! deaf4 ,on ! o!r h&1 no d\bt ! deaf z well z ! bl9d suff] f s5tim5t on ! "p ( ! public1 & f ! s5sational acc\nts :i* appe> f "t to "t 9 ! newspap]s & magaz9es conc]n+ :at ! deaf h be5 f\nd able to accompli%4 ,_m ?+s are ref]r$ to z wond]s1 z ?\gh x 7 /range t !y c\ld be done by p )\t he>+1 "s ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ! deaf be+ set d[n z mo/ rem>kable4 ,su* writ+s are usually 9 a k9dly _s1 & may (t5 s]ve a useful purpose 9 mak+ kn[n ! simil>ity ( ! capabilities ( ! deaf & ( ! he>+2 b :5 !y make ! deaf appe> z a peculi> & unlike "p ( ! race1 _! effect may be mo/ mislead+4 ,! wor/ result is t ! public becomes ready & will+ to believe almo/ any ?+ ab\t ! deaf4 #ade ,9 #aijh ! ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors ( ! ,deaf appo9t$ a committee to consid] ! "q ( ! dissem9ation ( k reg>d+ ! atta9m5ts ( ! deaf4 ,proce$+s1 xviii41 p4 #baj4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,private ,,organizations ,,int]e/$ ,,9 ,,! ,,deaf ,,g5]al ,,societies ,,int]e/$ ,,9 ,,! ,,deaf ,we h n[ consid]$ ! int]e/ ( society 9 ! deaf 9 its sev]al relations1 toge!r ) ! treatm5t t has be5 ext5d$ to !m4 ,x rema9s to be not$ :e!r !re h be5 any private und]tak+s organiz$ 9 behalf ( ! deaf or int]e/$ 9 _! welf>e1 & :at has be5 done by su* bodies4 ,9 ,am]ica virtually ! only organizations compos$ ( p]sons n deaf & =m$ = ! purpose ( advanc+ ! int]e/s ( ! deaf h be5 ^? m or less closely relat$ to ! education ( deaf *ildr51 & ) _! exception practically no movem5ts 9 respect to ! deaf may be said to h be5 und]tak54#adf ,^! organizations int]e/$ 9 ! in/ruction ( ! deaf are ( two divisions3 bodies actively engag$ 9 ! "w ( ?is in/ruction1 & bodies only indirectly conc]n$4 ,! fir/ division includes1 on ! "o h&1 associations ( in/ructors ( ! deaf1 &1 on ! o!r1 societies or corporations =m$ to promote & e/abli% s*ools1 :i* h ei!r pass$ out ( exi/5ce1 _! mission be+ fulfill$1 on ! tak+ ov] ( ! s*ool by ! /ate1 or h rema9$ 9 control ( c]ta9 s*ools--to be consid]$ :5 we come to ! g5]al provisions = ! education ( ! deaf4 ,9 ! second division are ?ree k9ds ( organizations3 ! ,volta ,bureau1 an organization 9 a class ( its own2 associations ( p>5ts conc]n$ ma9ly ) ! in/ruction ( _! own *ildr52 & und]tak+s int]e/$ 9 ! ext5sion ( religi\s k to ! deaf1 usually 9 ! =m ( *ur* missions4 ,,! ,,volta ,,bureau ,! "o organization 9 ,am]ica ( l>ge compass & conc]n$ solely ) ! int]e/s ( ! deaf is ! ,volta ,bureau1 locat$ 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,?is has result$ f ! gift ( ,dr4 ,alex&] ,graham ,bell 9 #ahhj1 :o hav+ receiv$ #ej1jjj francs f ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t 9 recognition ( 8 s]vices 9 ! field ( inv5tion1 decid$ to use ! money to e/abli% ! bureau = ! increase & diffusion ( k relat+ to ! deaf4 ,! bureau n[ conta9s mu* in=mation reg>d+ ! deaf z a class1 z well z c>efully compil$ data reg>d+ _m individuals2 & also publi%es works on ! deaf1 includ+ ! ,volta ,review1 a mon?ly p]iodical4 ,x is mu* int]e/$ 9 ! me?ods ( in/ruction ( ! deaf1 :ile ano!r important aim may be said to be ! elim9ation ( deafness z f> z possible1 or ! removal ( _m ( ! effects ( deafness4 ,dr4 ,bell's total b5efactions to ?is bureau1 toge!r ) ! ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf1 to :i* x is n[ jo9$1 h am\nt$ to m ?an a qu>t] ( a million doll>s4#adg ,,p>5ts' ,,associations ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,associations ( p>5ts h be5 organiz$ *iefly 9 relation to ! education ( _! own deaf *ildr51 ?\gh 9 "s cases fri5ds z well z p>5ts are includ$4 ,!y h (t5 be5 p>ticul>ly conc]n$ 9 ! creation ( day s*ools = ! deaf1 b h also %[n an int]e/ 9 o!r ways4#adh ,^! associations h be5 mo/ly conf9$ to cities1 & h be5 organiz$ 9 a doz5 or s ( !m1 z ,bo/on1 ,clevel&1 ,c9c9nati1 ,*icago1 ,detroit1 ,milwaukee1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,new ,york1 ,los ,angeles1 & ,san ,francisco4#adi ,/ate associations h be5 r>e1 be+ f\nd 9 only two or ?ree /ates1 z ,ohio1 ,wiscons9 & ,nebraska4#aej ,,*ur* ,,missions ,,to ,,! ,,deaf ,practically all ! religi\s d5om9ations h %[n m or less conc]n 9 ! spiritual welf>e ( ! deaf1 s f> z individuals h be5 affect$1 & _m *ur*es h deaf memb]s on _! rolls4 ,"s ( ! *ur* bodies h1 9 addition1 giv5 m p>ticul> att5tion to ! deaf1 & h in/itut$ special activities to embrace z _m ( !m z possible4 ,su* movem5ts h _! greate/ opportunities 9 ! cities1 :]e x is easi] to rea* ! deaf ?an 9 ! scatt]$ di/ricts ( ! c\ntry1 ?\gh "s ef=ts h be5 made !re too4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 only a small "p ( ! religi\s duty t[>ds ! deaf is f\nd to h be5 done2 & x rema9s beyond "q t !y h be5 neglect$ 9 ?is reg>d f> too mu*1 & t !re is inde$ a field :ite unto ! h>ve/ = ! spiritual well-be+ ( ! deaf4 ,p]haps also !re is no sph]e ( religi\s endeavor :]e ! ne$ ( mutual und]/&+ & co-op]ation is s manife/ z ) ! deaf4 ,! d5om9ations t h tak5 special action usually ma9ta9 :at are call$ missions to ! deaf1 & h cl]gym51 bo? deaf & he>+1 :o give "p or all ( _! "t to ! "w4 ,9 a few ( ! l>g] cities1 z we h se51 special *ur*es = ! deaf h be5 organiz$1 support$ ) ! aid ( ! d5om9ational body1 :ile 9 o!r cases ! use ( ! *ur* build+ is all[$ to ! deaf at c]ta9 times4 ,visits are also made f "t to "t to small] places :5 a numb] ( deaf p may be assembl$ toge!r1 & special meet+s are arrang$ = !m4#aea ,9 su* missions1 :ile ! aims are l>gely spiritual1 !re are (t5 9 addition op]ations ( a mat]ial "*1 ) appropriate att5tion to individual cases ( ne$4#aeb ,among ,prote/ant ,*ur*es1 ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal may be consid]$ ! pione]1 & x has tak5 up ! "w ) consid]able zeal & effectiv5ess4 ,9 #ahej "w 0 begun 9 ! ,ea/1 & 9 #ahga =mally organiz$4 ,9 #ahgc x 0 ext5d$ to ! ,mid-we/1 & 9 #ahge to ! ,nor?-we/ & ,s\?-we/4 ,9 a numb] ( ! dioceses ! "w is n[ giv5 att5tion1 9 "s ( ! l>ge cities1 z ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia & ,*icago1 its labor be+ notable4#aec ,! ,lu!ran ,*ur* has be5 active p>ticul>ly 9 "s ( ! /ates ( ! ,middle ,we/1 z 9 ! synods ( ,miss\ri1 ,ohio1 & o!rs1 & 9 a few cities ( ! ,ea/4 ,! ,me?odi/s h likewise be5 engag$ 9 c]ta9 sections ( ! c\ntry1 especially 9 ! ,s\? & 9 ! ,mid-we/4 ,! ,bapti/s h also tak5 up "w1 especially 9 ! ,s\? & 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,toge!r ) ! ,congregationali/s1 !y />t$ action 9 ! latt] section 9 #ahhd1 ?\gh mo/ ( ! "w 9 ,new ,engl& is n[ done by a union organization ( sev]al d5om9ations1 call$ ! ,evangelical ,alliance4 ,9 o!r ,prote/ant bodies little has be5 attempt$ beyond local und]tak+s 9 a few places4 ,! "w ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 respect to ! deaf is well organiz$ 9 a numb] ( c5t]s1 & _m ( ! ,ca?olic deaf are c>efully look$ aft]4 ,) ! ,hebrews mo/ ( ! att5tion has be5 conf9$ to c]ta9 l>ge cities4#aed ,,organizations ,,int]e/$ ,,9 ,,! ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,!re are 9 ,am]ica ?ree l>ge bodies int]e/$ 9 ! education ( ! deaf1 & compos$ = ! mo/ "p ( ^? directly connect$ ) ! "w ( education4 ,^! are ! ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors ( ! ,deaf1 ! ,conf]5ce ( ,sup]9t5d5ts & ,pr9cipals1 & ! ,am]ican ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf1 all meet+1 z a usual ?+1 tri5nially 9 diff]5t ye>s4 ,( ^! ! olde/ is ! ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 :i* 0 organiz$ 9 #ahej4aee ,x is a l>ge & repres5tative body1 & has manife/$ its int]e/ f ! beg9n+ 9 ! g5]al welf>e ( ! deaf1 z well z 9 ! p>ticul> dem&s ( education4 ,! ,conf]5ce ( ,sup]9t5d5ts & ,pr9cipals1 z its "n implies1 is compos$ ( ! heads ( s*ools1 & 0 organiz$ 9 #ahfh4aef ,! ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf 0 incorporat$ z su* 9 #ahij1 ?\gh x 0 n ! fir/ body conc]n$ 9 ?is "w4#aeg ,x is n[ c\ntrywide1 & embraces a l>ge numb] ( ^? int]e/$ 9 ! tea*+ ( spee* to ! deaf1 :e!r active educators or n4 ,a l>ge section ( its memb]s are pure orali/s1 t is1 believ+ 9 ! exclusive use ( spee* ) ! deaf4 ,9 #aijh ! ,volta ,bureau 0 tak5 ov] by ?is body4#aeh ,x may be m5tion$ "h also t ! educators ( ! deaf are repres5t$ 9 ! ,national ,educational ,association4#aei ,,publications ,,devot$ ,,to ,,! ,,int]e/s ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,!re are two publications devot$ to ! int]e/s ( ! deaf3 ! ,am]ican ,annals ( ! ,deaf & ! ,volta ,review1 bo? publi%$ 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,! =m] 0 begun 9 #ahdh4 ,x appe>s bi-mon?ly1 & is "u ! direction ( ! ,conf]5ce ( ,pr9cipals4#afj ,x has long be5 kn[n z ! /&>d p]iodical relat+ to ! deaf 9 ,am]ica1 & repres5ts curr5t ?\ght & op9ion ( practical educators ( ! deaf1 z well z con/itut+ a g5]al record ( ! "w4 ,! ,volta ,review1 =m]ly kn[n z ! ,association ,review1 0 begun 9 #ahii1 & 0 publi%$ by ! ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf4 ,x is n[ publi%$ conjo9tly by ! ,association & ! ,volta ,bureau1 & appe>s z an illu/rat$ mon?ly4 ,x is devot$ to ! problems ( deafness1 b deals 9 ! greate/ measure ) ! matt]s p]ta9+ to ! education ( ! deaf4#afa ,9 mo/ ( ! resid5tial s*ools1 or in/itutions1 !re are also pap]s1 :i* (t5 s]ve to keep p>5ts & o!rs in=m$ ( ! "w ( ! respective s*ools4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ! publications by ! deaf !mselves1 bo? secul> & religi\s4 ,,footnotes3 #adf ,g5]al organizations ( a philan?ropic or o!r "* h seldom ext5d$ activities to include ! deaf1 ?\gh at times "s in/itution1 z ! ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association or a social settlem5t1 has manife/$ an int]e/1 *iefly 9 provid+ a place = meet+4 #adg ,! bureau conta9s a c>d catalogue ( m ?an #ej1jjj deaf *ildr5 :o h be5 9 ! special s*ools f #ahag to #aijj2 au!ntic manuscript respect+ #d1dga m>riages ( ! deaf2 & ! special s*$ules ( ! c5sus ( #aijj respect+ ! deaf4 ,x s]ves1 moreov]1 z a bureau ( in=mation & advice1 ) sugge/ions = ! h>d ( he>+ also1 & z a tea*]s' ag5cy4 ,on ! "w ( ! bureau1 see ,deaf-,mute ,advance1 ( ,ill9ois ,s*ool1 ,m>* #ad1 #ahia2 ,sil5t ,work]1 ,may1 #ahie2 & curr5t numb]s ( ! ,volta ,review1 especially t = ,jan41 #aiac 7xiv41 p4 #fje74 #adh ,! purpose ( ! ,bo/on ,p>5ts' ,education ,association = ,deaf ,*ildr5 is to enc\rage home in/ruction1 aid s*ools = ! deaf 9 ,bo/on1 help deaf *ildr5 to cont9ue _! education 9 s*ools or colleges = he>+ p]sons1 aid !m 9 acquir+ a practical k ( useful trades & bus9ess1 assi/ !m 9 obta9+ remun]ative employm5t1 br+ !m into m ext5sive social relations ) he>+ p]sons1 & employ su* o!r means = _! advancem5t z may be deem$ advisable4 ,see ,(f]+ 9 behalf ( ! ,deaf1 by ?is association1 #aijc1 p4 #h4 ,see also ,association ,review1 ii41 #aijj1 p4 #adf4 ,mo/ ( ! associations h also be5 int]e/$ 9 ! employm5t ( ! oral me?od ( in/ruction4 ,dues 9 su* associations are usually only "o or two doll>s1 & !re is (t5 a bo>d ( directors appo9t$4 #adi ,! fir/ seems to h be5 ! ,bo/on ,association1 =m$ 9 #ahid4 #aej ,9 sev]al ( ^! associations memb]%ip is ov] a hundr$4 ,9 ,milwaukee !re is also a simil> society kn[n z ! ,wiscons9 ,phonological ,in/itute to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf1 :i* 0 organiz$ 9 #ahgh1 & incorporat$ 9 #ahgi1 z a philan?ropic society4 ,see ,report1 #ahgh1 p4 #e4 #aea ,on ! subject ( *ur* "w among ! deaf1 see ,proce$+s ( ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 i41 #ahhj1 p4 #ai2 iv41 #ahic1 p4 #ec2 vi41 #ahii1 p4 #eh2 vii41 #aijd1 p4 #aec2 ,empire ,/ate ,association ( ,deaf-,mutes1 xii41 #ahhh1 p4 #ca2 ,conf]5ce on ,*ur* ,"w among ! ,deaf 7,prote/ant ,episcopal71 i41 #ahha1 p4 #e2 ii41 #ahhc1 p4 #d2 iv41 #ahhg1 p4 #c2 v41 #ahhh1 p4 #bc2 ,report ( ,diocesan ,commission on ,*ur* ,"w among ! ,deaf1 #ahhf2 ,*ur* ,mission to ! ,deaf 7,new ,york71 #ahgc1 p4 #ad2 #ahhf1 p4 #c2 #ahhh1 p4 #c2 ,annals1 xxix41 #ahhd1 p4 #bd4 #aeb ,direct relief may be af=d$ 9 "s cases1 & 9 o!rs visits made to hospitals1 prisons & ! l1 :]e deaf p]sons may be f\nd1 )\t reg>d to religi\s affiliation4 ,assi/ance is also (t5 r5d]$ 9 act+ z int]pret]s 9 c\rt1 ?\gh ?is "w is frequ5tly %>$ 9 by in/ructors ( ! deaf4 ,9 "o or two in/ances1 z we h se51 homes = ! deaf h be5 e/abli%$ by religi\s bodies4 #aec ,9 ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* !re are n[ "s twelve cl]gym5 engag$ 9 ?is "w1 t5 ( :om are deaf1 & m ?an twice ?is numb] ( lay help]s4 #aed ,9 ,new ,york !re is a ,society = ! ,welf>e ( ! ,jewi% ,deaf1 :i* 0 organiz$ 9 #aiaj1 & incorporat$ 9 #aiac4 ,laws1 *4 #cac4 ,x is controll$ by a bo>d ( f sev5te5 to ?irty gov]nors1 & is int]e/$ 9 ! educational1 indu/rial1 social & religi\s conc]ns ( ! deaf4 ,see ,hebrew ,/&>d1 ,m>* #ae1 #aiab2 ,jewi% ,*>ities1 ,jan41 #aiab4 ,see also ,proce$+s ( ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,jewi% ,*>ities1 #aijh1 p4 #bh4 #aee ,its fir/ meet+ 0 at ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 aft] a call _h be5 issu$ by sev]al ( ! lead+ educators4 ,9 #ahig ?is body 0 incorporat$4 #aef ,! organization 0 effect$ at ,wa%+ton4 ,see ,report ( ,columbia ,in/itution1 #ahfh1 p4 #af4 #aeg ,a conv5tion ( articulation tea*]s 0 held z e>ly z #ahgd4 ,ano!r meet+ 0 held 9 #ahhd4 ,see ,annals1 xix41 #ahgd1 pp4 #ij1 #bag2 xxix41 #ahhd1 pp4 #aed1 #bcg2 ,volta ,review1 xiv41 #aiac1 p4 #cid4 ,9 #ahid 0 =m$ ! ,association to ,promote ,auricul> ,tra9+ ( ! ,deaf1 :i* 0 subsequ5tly m]g$ ) ! l>g] organization4 #aeh ,! ,association has a bo>d ( fifte5 directors1 & an advisory bo>d ( twelve4 #aei ,?is 0 organiz$ 9 #ahig4 ,proce$+s1 p4 #cf4 ,x is kn[n z ,dep>tm5t ,,xvi1 or ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,special ,education4 ,bo? in/ructors ( ! deaf & ( ! bl9d are repres5t$1 ^? int]e/$ 9 ! education ( ! feeble-m9d$ hav+ also be5 includ$ up to #aijb4 ,9 addition to ! ?ree g5]al organizations ( educators ( ! deaf1 !re h be5 sev]al local conf]5ces1 z ( ! pr9cipals ( s*ools 9 ! ,s\!rn /ates & 9 ,new ,york1 & ( tea*]s 9 ! /ate ( ,mi*igan & ( ! city ( ,new ,york4 #afj ,its fir/ publication 0 by ! in/ructors ( ! ,h>t=d ,s*ool4 ,publication 0 omitt$ 9 #ahdi1 & f #ahfa to #ahfh4 #afa ,= o!r publications t h appe>$ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! deaf1 see ,p]iodicals ,devot$ to ! ,int]e/s ( ! ,deaf1 by ! ,volta ,bureau1 #aiac4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,provision ,,= ,,! ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,prior ,,to ,,its ,,introduction ,,into ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,among ! anci5t peoples g5]ally ! deaf & dumb1 especially ^? s by bir?1 7 deem$ z ( defici5t m5tality1 & 7 acc\nt$1 intellectually1 z little bett] ?an *ildr51 or1 inde$1 z idiots4 ,?\gh treat$1 x seems1 = ! mo/ "p humanely1 !y 7 reg>d$ n )\t "s av]sion2 & _! affliction 0 n infrequ5tly look$ ^u z a visitation ( ! gods1 "s ( ! h>dy races ev5 de/roy+ _! deaf (fspr+4 ,= a long p]iod !re 7 sc>cely any s]i\s attempts to give in/ruction to ! deaf4 ,allusions to ! deaf & _! /ate ) respect to education are f\nd 9 c]ta9 ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 writ]s1 & occasionally 9 ^? ( o!r languages4 ,h]odotus speaks ( ! deaf son ( ,croesus1 & ,hippocrates has ref]5ce to ! deaf z a class4 ,plato & ,ari/otle also make m5tion ( ! deaf1 ! latt] consid]+ !m incapable ( education because ( ! abs5ce ( ! s5se ( he>+4 ,among ,lat9 au?ors we f9d an acc\nt by ,pl9y ! ,eld] ( a deaf man :o _h le>n$ pa9t+4 ,x is only aft] ! fifte5? c5tury t we h m or less au!nticat$ acc\nts ( ! in/ruction ( ! deaf1 & _m ( ^! are h>dly m ?an a pass+ ref]5ce "h & !re4 ,x 01 moreov]1 well aft] ,europe _h tak5 its pres5t political appe>ance t ! mod]n attitude t[>ds ! deaf & _! in/ruction began4 ,be=e ?is _! education z a class 0 n ?\ght (1 & :ile no d\bt !re h always be5 sporadic in/ances ( ! in/ruction ( ! deaf1 x is only s9ce ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury t ! deaf h come g5]ally into ! bir?right ( _! education4 ,yet x is n s great a matt] ( wond] t ! movem5ts = ! in/ruction ( ! deaf took organiz$ %ape s late 9 ! _w's civilization4 ,le>n+ or s*ool+ 0 9 no s5se popul> till "s "t aft] ! pass+ away ( ! s-call$ d>k ages4 ,= long x 0 r ! privilege ( ! ri* & p[]ful4 ,! great mass ( ! p 7 n deem$ wor?y ( le>n+1 & education itself 9 any g5]al application did n h a recogniz$ /&+ 9 society4 ,aft] ! ,r5aissance1 h[ev]1 _h u%]$ 9 a new age1 & :5 ! desire = le>n+ 0 ! ma/] passion among _m m5 9 ,s\!rn & ,we/]n ,europe1 x is natural to suppose t ef=ts %\ld h m frequ5tly be5 made to in/ruct ! deaf *ild2 & aft] ?is "t we are prep>$ to f9d an increas+ numb] ( in/ances ( ! in/ruction ( ! deaf4 ,?is 0 all ! m true :5 an air ( my/]y 0 felt to surr\nd ^! sil5t ones1 & to br+ ! light ( ! new le>n+ to ^! afflict$ creatures 0 consid]$ well wor? ! attempt4 ,! e>lie/ in/ance record$ ( in/ruction giv5 to ! deaf 9 ! ,engli% language is t ( ! ,v5]able ,b$e ab\t ! ye> #fia1 :o tells ( a deaf p]son taught to speak by ,bi%op ,john ( ,york1 relat$ z ?\gh x 7 a miracle4 ,aft] _m ye>s we meet acc\nts ( o!r cases4 ,rudolph ,agricola 7#addc-adhe7 ( ,gro5+51 ,holl&1 & lat] a pr(essor at ,heidelb]g1 cites 9 8 ,de ,inv5tione ,dialecta a deaf man :o c\ld write4 ,9 ,italy a little lat] we f9d c]ta9 deaf *ildr5 ^: in/ruction is m5tion$ by ,pietro de ,ca/ro2 :ile 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ,girolamo ,c>dano 7#aeja-aegf71 ! di/+ui%$ physician ( ,pavia1 attempt$ to /ate ! pr9ciples ( ! education ( ! deaf1 demon/rat+ ! use ( a writt5 language = !m1 & advocat+ ! tea*+ ( spee*4 ,he fur!r inv5t$ a manual alphabet1 :i* 0 "o ( ! fir/ ( its k9d4 ,9 #afaf ,giovanni ,bonifaccio also wrote reg>d+ ! art ( sign+ & spee* = ! deaf4 ,b x is to ,spa9 t cr$it is to be giv5 z be+ ! fir/ c\ntry ( ,europe :]e !re are record$ acc\nts ( successful in/ruction ( ! deaf4 ,9 #aeej1 or p]haps e>li]1 ,p$ro ,ponce de ,leon ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict taught1 *iefly by oral me?ods1 sev]al deaf *ildr5 9 ! conv5t ( ,san ,salvador de ,ona4 ,great success mu/ h att5d$ 8 ef=ts1 = 9 addition to ! ,spani% language & ari?metic1 8 pupils are report$ to h ma/]$ ,lat91 ,greek & a/rology4 ,ab\t ?is "t !re liv$ a deaf arti/1 kn[n z ,el ,mudo1 & he _h v likely receiv$ in/ruction 9 "s way4 ,9 #afbj ,juan ,pablo ,bonet1 :o _h _h sev]al deaf pupils1 in/ruct+ !m l>gely 9 articulation me?ods1 publi%$ a treatise on ! art ( in/ruct+ ! deaf1 call$ ,r$uccion de las ,letras y ,arta p>a ,ens5] a ,habl> los ,mudos2 & he 0 ! inv5tor ( a manual alphabet1 9 consid]able "p l t us$ 9 ,am]ica to-day4 ,sir ,k9elm ,digby ( ,engl&1 visit+ ,spa9 ab\t ?is "t1 saw ,bonet's "w & wrote an acc\nt ( 8 pupils4 ,9 #afdd appe>$ 9 ,engl& ,*irologia1 or ! ,natural ,language ( ! ,h& by a physician1 ,dr4 ,john ,bulw]1 :o _h p]haps also obs]v$ ! results 9 ,spa94 ,?is 0 foll[$ 9 #afdh by 8 m important "w1 ,philocophus1 or ! ,deaf & ,dumb ,man's ,fri5d1 mo/ly describ+ a k9d ( process 9 articulation & lip-read+4 ,bulw]'s fri5d1 ,john ,wallis1 a pr(essor at ,ox=d1 seems to h be5 ! fir/ practical tea*] "h1 in/ruct+ two deaf p]sons by writ+ & 9 spee*1 & %[+ !m to ! ,k+4 ,9 #afec 8 ,tractatus de ,loquela 0 publi%$4 ,along ! same l9e 0 ! writ+ ( ,dr4 ,william ,hold] on ! ,elem5ts ( ,spee*1 publi%$ 9 #affi1 9 :i* he advocat$ articulation tea*+4 ,9 #afgj !re appe>$ a treatise by ,george ,sibscota on ,! ,deaf & ,dumb ,man's ,disc\rse1 b ?is 0 really a translation f ! writ+s ( a ,g]man nam$ ,deus+4 ,9 #afhj ,dr4 ,george ,dalg>no ( ,scotl& publi%$ 8 ,didascalocophus1 ! ,deaf & ,dumb ,man's ,tutor1 9 :i* pref]5ce 0 giv5 to ! use ( a writt5 language & a manual alphabet1 ( "o ( :i* he 0 himself ! inv5tor4 ,9 #afih appe>$ ,digiti ,l+ua1 writt5 by a p]son :o _h conv]s$ no o!rwise 9 above n9e ye>s4 ,"s half a c5tury lat] we f9d ! "n ( ,h5ry ,bak]1 son-9-law ( ,daniel ,defoe1 :o gave in/ruction 9 spee*4 ,o!r c\ntries ( ,europe 7 h>dly beh9d ,engl& 9 _! int]e/ 9 ! deaf & _! in/ruction4 ,spa91 besides ! names we h m5tion$1 _h notably ,ramirez de ,c>ion1 himself a deaf man1 :o liv$ n long aft] ,bonet4 ,italy _h 9 p>ticul> ,padre ,lana ,t]zi1 :o 9 #afgj publi%$ a "w on articulation2 & also ,fabrizio d',acquap5d5te & ,aff9ite1 :o 9 _! writ+s ?rew out ref]5ces to spee* = ! deaf4 ,9 ,holl& !re 7 ,pet] ,montans1 :o ab\t #afce issu$ sev]al tracts on spee*2 ,jan ,bapti/a ,van ,helmont1 :o 9 #affg wrote on spee* & an alphabet2 & ,john ,conrad ,amman1 =m]ly a ,swiss physician1 :o 9 #afib gave out 8 ,surdus ,loqu5s1 :i* 0 enl>g$ & republi%$ 9 #agjj z ,diss]tatio de ,loquela4 ,! "n ( ,amman is especially notable1 n only = 8 in/ruction 9 spee* ( sev]al deaf *ildr51 b = 8 influ5ce on lat] oral me?ods4 ,9 ,switz]l& we f9d at ,basel 9 #aeca1 or p]haps a few ye>s soon]1 an acc\nt ( a deaf p]son :o 0 in/ruct$ 9 spee* by ,,oecolampadius1 ! ,re=m] & fri5d ( ,lu!r2 at ,g5eva 9 #afjd ( a deaf *ild in/ruct$ by ,/4 ,francis de ,sales2 & also 9 ,g5eva 9 #afhe ( a deaf p]son :o _h probably receiv$ in/ruction4 ,9 ,g]many we h a regul> succession ( names ( ^? :o ei!r attempt$ to in/ruct ! deaf or :o wrote ( ?is in/ruction1 "s ( ^! names be+ among ! e>lie/ ( ^? 9 ,europe :o %[$ an int]e/ 9 ! matt]4 ,9 ! ye> #aegh we meet ! "n ( ,pas*1 a cl]gyman ( ,br&5burgh1 :o taught 8 daught] by means ( pictures4 ,9 #afba ,rudolph ,cam]>ius wrote a book on spee*1 & 9 #afdb ,gasp>d ,s*ott m5tions a case ( successful in/ruction4 ,9 #agja or #agjd ,k]g] at ,liegnitz 9 ,silesia taught "s pupils orally1 hav+ :at seem$ a tempor>y s*ool4 ,9 #agah ,georges ,raphel1 :o _h taught 8 ?ree deaf daught]s1 wrote a book expla9+ 8 process ( in/ruction4 ,among o!r names appe>+ e>li] or lat] 7 ^? ( ,morh(f1 ,mall5krot1 ,wild1 ,ni$](f1 ,li*witz1 ,%ulze1 ,ettmull]1 ,arnoldi1 ,lasius1 ,he9icke1 & ,nicolai4 ,( all ^! mu* ! mo/ r5[n$ is t ( ,samuel ,he9icke4 ,9 #aged at ,dresd5 he became int]e/$ 9 ! deaf1 & a few ye>s lat] />t$ a s*ool ne> ,hamburg4 ,9 #aggh1 at ! in/ance ( ! /ate1 he mov$ to ,leipsic1 8 s*ool ?us be+ ! fir/ public s*ool = ! deaf to be e/abli%$4 ,he 0 also ! au?or ( sev]al books on ! education ( ! deaf4 ,he9icke 0 in/rum5tal 9 br++ ! oral me?od into favor1 & 9 _m respects1 s f> z its pres5t use is conc]n$1 may be said to be its fa!r4 ,he 0 9 fact "o ( ! greate/ tea*]s ( ! deaf1 & ! influ5ce ( 8 "w has be5 felt 9 no small measure 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 ,france1 too1 !re 7 great names1 ?\gh !y 7 late 9 appe>+2 ,p]e ,van91 ,r\sset1 ,ernaud1 de ,fay1 ,p]eire1 ,abbe de l',epee1 ,abbe ,des*amps1 & o!rs4#afb ,( ^! ,van91 ,p]eire1 ,des*amps1 & de l',epee are ! mo/ notable4 ,van9 ab\t #agdc in/ruct$ "s *ildr5 by means ( pictures & a manual alphabet4 ,rodriguez ,p]eire1 a ,portuguese ,jew1 _h sev]al pupils at ,bordeaux be=e ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ?\gh 8 me?ods 7 kept secret = ! mo/ "p1 he appe>$ to h met consid]able success1 9 #agdi giv+ an exhibition be=e ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 ,abbe ,des*amps 9 #aggi publi%$ at ,orleans a "w on ! in/ruction ( ! deaf1 l>gely favor+ ! oral me?od4 ,x is to ,*>les ,mi*el abbe de l',epee1 h[ev]1 t is giv5 ! highe/ rev]5ce ( all ! initial work]s = ! deaf1 be+ ! f\nd] ( ! fir/ regul> s*ool1 & receiv+ ne>ly equal di/9ction = 8 impression on e>ly me?ods ( in/ruction--?is be+ especially true 9 respect to ,am]ica1 :]e 8 influ5ce 9 ! introduction ( ! sign language has be5 great] ?an any o!r man's4 ,! abbe _h become int]e/$ 9 two deaf orphans 9 ,p>is1 :om he attempt$ to tea*1 & 9 #agee e/abli%$ a s*ool ne> ! city1 conduct+ x at 8 own exp5se4 ,?is prov$ a success1 & he decid$ to give 8 :ole life to ! in/ruction ( ! deaf4 ,he wrote sev]al works on _! education1 ! *ief "o be+ ,la ,v]itable ,mani]e d',in/ruire les ,s\rds et ,muets1 publi%$ 9 #aghd4 ,! a*ievem5ts ( de l',epee 7 soon f>-fam$1 & ! p 7 tak5 ) _! novelty4 ,_m honors 7 (f]$ him1 & 8 "w 0 br\ght to ! notice ( ! ,fr5* ,academy & approv$4 ,9 #agia 8 s*ool 0 adopt$ by ! /ate4 ,! successor ( abbe de l',epee 0 abbe ,sic>d1 & ! "w cont9u$ to fl\ri% 9 ,france4 ,n long aft] de l',epee & ,he9icke _h />t$ _! s*ools 9 ,france & ,g]many respectively1 ,?omas ,braidwood1 9 #agfj1 op5$ a s*ool 9 ,ed9burgh1 ,scotl&4 ,9 #aghd a s*ool 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,rome1 9 #aghh 9 ,madrid1 & 9 #ahja 9 ,g5oa4 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury o!r s*ools 7 />t$ ov] ,we/]n ,europe4 ,?us by ! "t t ! "w = ! education ( ! deaf 0 to ent] ,am]ica1 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! fir/ s*ool 9 ! second decade ( ! c5tury1 !re 7 already 9 ,europe a numb] ( s*ools 9 exi/5ce4#afc ,,footnotes3 #afb ,9 #agea ,did]ot publi%$ 8 ,lettre sur les ,s\rds et ,muets1 9 :i* !re is ref]5ce to ! education ( ! deaf4 #afc ,= acc\nts ( ! e>ly "w = ! education ( ! deaf1 bo? be=e & aft] x 0 tak5 up 9 ! ,unit$ /ates1 ! foll[+ may be ref]r$ to3 ,?omas ,arnold1 ,a ,me?od ( ,tea*+ ! ,deaf & ,dumb ,spee*1 ,lip-,read+ & ,language1 #ahha2 ,! ,education ( ,deaf-,mutes1 #ahhh2 ,e4 ,m4 ,gallaudet1 ,life ( ,?omas ,hopk9s ,gallaudet1 #ahhh2 ,h4 ,n4 ,dixon1 ,a ,me?od ( ,tea*+ ,deaf-,mutes to ,speak1 ) a ,hi/orical ,introduction 7includ+ a translation ( ,bonet's "w71 #ahij2 ,j4 ,k4 ,love1 ,deaf-,mutism1 #ahif2 ,h5ry ,b>n>d1 ,a ,tribute to ,gallaudet1 ) o!r pap]s1 #aheb2 ,heman ,humphrey1 ,life & ,labors ( ,t4 ,h4 ,gallaudet1 #aheg2 ,h4 ,w4 ,syle1 ,retrospect ( ! ,education ( ! ,deaf1 #ahhf2 ,j4 ,a4 ,seiss1 ,! ,*ildr5 ( ,sil5ce1 #ahhg2 ,j4 ,r4 ,burnet1 ,tales ( ! ,deaf & ,dumb1 #ahce2 ,e4 ,j4 ,mann1 ,deaf & ,dumb1 #ahcf2 ,j4 ,n4 ,williams1 ,a ,sil5t ,p1 #ahhc2 ,w4 ,r4 ,scott1 ,! ,deaf & ,dumb1 _! ,education & ,social ,position1 #ahgj2 ,hi/ory ( ,fir/ ,s*ool = ,deaf-,mutes 9 ,am]ica1 #ahhc2 ,addresses deliv]$ at ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahdg2 ,h4 ,p4 ,peet1 ,address at ,lay+ ( ,corn] ,/one ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,in/itution1 #ahdh2 ,proce$+s ( ,lay+ ( ,corn] ,/one ( ,mi*igan ,in/itution1 #ahef2 ,coll9s ,/one1 ,address on ,hi/ory & ,me?ods ( ,deaf-,mute ,in/ruction1 #ahfi2 ,addresses ,commemorative ( ! ,virtues & ,s]vices ( ,abraham ,b4 ,hutton1 #ahgj2 ,am]ican ,annals ( ! ,deaf 7especially e>ly numb]s1 (t5 giv+ acc\nts ( individual s*ools z well z ( ! g5]al "w72 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 vii41 #ahah1 p4 #abg2 xxxviii41 #ahcd1 p4 #cjg2 lxxxvii41 #aheh1 p4 #eag2 civ41 #ahfg1 p4 #eab2 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,education1 7n4 s47 i41 #ahcj1 p4 #dji2 ,am]ican ,annals ( ,education1 iv41 #ahcd1 p4 #ec2 ,lit]>y & ,!ological ,review1 ii41 #ahce1 p4 #cfe2 ,am]ican ,biblical ,repository1 viii41 #ahdb1 p4 #bfi2 ,de ,b['s ,review1 xvii41 #ahed1 p4 #dce2 ,national ,magaz9e1 ix41 #ahef1 pp4 #che1 #dhg 7,sket*es ( ,humane ,in/itutions72 ,scribn]'s ,magaz9e1 xii41 #ahib1 p4 #dfc2 ,association ,review1 ii4-v41 #aijj-aijd 7,hi/orical ,notes conc]n+ ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf72 ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors ( ! ,deaf1 i41 #ahej1 p4 #ii2 v41 #aheh1 p4 #bge 7,h4 ,p4 ,peet1 ,memoirs on ! ,orig9 & ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ! ,art ( ! ,in/ruction ( ! ,deaf & ,dumb72 iii41 #ahec1 p4 #bgg2 iv41 #ahef1 p4 #ag2 ix41 #ahgh1 p4 #aie2 ,am]ican ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf1 v41 #ahif1 p4 #bg 7,p4 ,g4 ,gillet1 ,"s ,notable ,b5efactors ( ! ,deaf72 ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 iii41 #ahhi1 p4 #ba2 ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #aijg1 p4 #eab2 ,cali=nian1 iv41 #ahha1 p4 #cgf2 ,i[a ,bullet9 ( ,/ate ,in/itutions1 viii41 #aijf1 p4 #age2 xii41 #aiaj1 p4 #bd2 ,transactions ( ,royal ,hi/orical ,society1 viii41 #ahhj2 ,encyclop$ia ,am]icana1 #ahhc 7,hi/ory ( ! ,education ( ! ,deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 giv5 9 ,annals1 xxxi41 #ahhf1 p4 #acj72 v>i\s reports ( ! sev]al s*ools = ! deaf 9 ,am]ica 7z t ( ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahci1 p4 #h2 #ahdc1 p4 #aa2 #ahgf1 p4 #dh2 ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #ahdd1 p4 #be2 #ahfg1 p4 #ac2 ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #ahdc1 p4 #i2 #ahib1 p4 #fd2 ,k5tucky ,s*ool1 #aheg1 p4 #h2 #ahfg1 p4 #ac2 ,mi*igan ,s*ool1 #aheh1 p4 #dj2 ,ill9ois ,s*ool1 #ahfh1 p4 #db2 ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction1 #ahfi1 p4 #bf2 ,mississippi ,s*ool1 app5dices1 #aijg1 #aiji1 #aiaa72 ,hi/ories ( ,am]ican ,s*ools = ! ,deaf1 edit$ & ) an introduction by ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,fay1 #ahic 7conta9+ acc\nts ( individual s*ools1 & a mo/ valuable "w74 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,e>ly ,,attempts ,,at ,,in/ruction ,! fir/ in/ance ( :i* we h record 9 ,am]ica ( an attempt to tea* ! deaf 0 9 #afgiafd :5 a man nam$ ,philip ,nelson ( ,r[ley1 ,massa*usetts1 tri$ to in/ruct a deaf & dumb boy1 ,isaac ,kilb\rn by "n1 9 spee*1 ?\gh ) :at success we d n "k4#afe ,^!1 h[ev]1 7 ! wit*craft days1 & ! "w ( ,nelson seem$ su* an extraord9>y ?+ t ! m9i/]s ( ! community are said to h made an inve/igation1 fe>+ t wit*es might be involv$ 9 ! affair4 ,! next in/ance ( :i* we h m5tion occurr$ 9 ,virg9ia a c5tury lat]1 :5 ,john ,h>r[]1 a s*ool-ma/] ( ,fr$]icksburg1 _h 9 8 s*ool f #aggc to #aggf a deaf boy nam$ ,john ,edge1 ref]5ce to ^: in/ruction is made 9 8 di>y4#aff ,! e>lie/ ef=t = ! e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool = ! deaf 9 ,am]ica ( :i* we "k 0 made almo/ contemporane\sly ) ! op5+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & at ! "t t su* s*ools 7 be+ creat$ ov] ,europe4 ,!re liv$ at ?is "t 9 ,bo/on a man nam$ ,francis ,gre51 :o _h a deaf son4 ,?is boy he s5t to ! s*ool 9 ,scotl& :i* ,braidwood _h />t$2 :ile he himself became mu* int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( ! education ( ! deaf4 ,9 #aghc he publi%$ 9 ,engl& a "w entitl$ ,vox ,oculis ,subjecta4 ,9 #ahjc he _h1 ) ! help ( "s ( ! m9i/]s1 a c5sus made ( ! deaf 9 ,massa*usetts1 :5 #ge 7 f\nd1 & x 0 e/imat$ t !re 7 #ejj 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,gre5 felt ! ne$ ( a s*ool1 & 9 sev]al ( ! publications ( ! "t appe>$ 8 writ+s1 9 :i* he urg$ ! creation ( "o4#afg ,x 0 9 #ahaj1 h[ev]1 & 9 ! city ( ,new ,york t ! real beg9n+ ( deaf-mute education 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 m>k$4 ,?is 0 :5 ,john ,/an=d1 a m9i/]1 f\nd sev]al deaf *ildr5 9 ! city alm%\se & attempt$ to tea* !m4 ,?\gh 8 ef=ts cont9u$ b a %ort "t1 x 0 ^! f :i* result$ ! e/abli%m5t a few ye>s lat] ( a s*ool 9 ! city1 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution4#afh ,9 ,virg9ia %ortly aft]w>ds a second s*ool 0 />t$1 :i* 9 itself is to be set d[n z an important /age 9 ! c\rse ( ! e>ly attempts to create s*ools = ! deaf 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 #ahab !re came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,john ,braidwood1 a memb] ( ! family :i* 0 9 control ( ! in/itution at ,ed9burgh1 ,scotl&1 9 ! hope ( e/abli%+ a s*ool4 ,he began plans = "o at ,baltimore1 b be=e x _h gott5 "u headway1 he 0 call$ to ,virg9ia to und]take ! in/ruction ( ! deaf *ildr5 ( ,william ,boll+1 ( ,goo*l& ,c\nty4 ,?is private s*ool cont9u$1 ) seem+ly satisfactory results 9 ! progress ( ! pupils1 = two & a half ye>s4 ,9 #ahae x 0 mov$ to ,cobbs1 ,*e/]field ,c\nty1#afi to be op5 to ! public4 ,! s*ool n[ promis$ well1 & !re 7 already sev]al pupils4 ,h[ev]1 ,braidwood 0 look+ ab\t = o!r opportunities1 & _h be5 9 t\* ) sev]al p>ties 9 reg>d to ! employm5t ( 8 s]vices4#agj ,9 #ahaf he w5t to ,new ,york1 :]e he propos$ to />t a s*ool1 & collect$ a few pupils1 only to return to ,virg9ia aga9 aft] a few mon?s4 ,9 #ahag he began op]ations anew1 ?is "t at a private classical s*ool at ,man*e/] "u ,john ,kilpatrick1 a m9i/]4 ,9 less ?an a ye> ?is too 0 ab&on$ by ,braidwood1 :o soon aft] met 8 dea?4 ,kilpatrick attempt$ to cont9ue ! s*ool only a ye> or two long]1 possibly ev5 tak+ a few pupils ) him :5 he mov$ to ,cumb]l& ,c\nty 9 #ahai2 & s 0 br\ght to an end ! *eck]$ c>e] ( ?is e>ly s*ool = ! deaf 9 ,virg9ia4#aga ,su* 7 ! beg9n+s ( ! in/ruction ( ! deaf 9 ,am]ica4 ,) ! exception ( ^! und]tak+s1 b>ely t\*+ ! surface 9 ! numb] ( *ildr5 rea*$1 ! only means ( education possible 9 ! l& 0 9 s5d+ *ildr5 to a s*ool 9 ,europe1 :i* 0 done 9 ! case ( a few weal?y p>5ts4 ,= ! great mass ( ! deaf1 isolat$ & scatt]$ ?\gh !y 7 at ! "t1 !re 0 no in/ruction to be _h4 ,b ?is p]iod 0 n[ ne>ly pass$4 ,att5tion 9 m ?an "o qu>t] 0 be+ direct$ to ! deaf & ! possibilities ( _! education2 & 9 ! brea/s ( n a few m5 a feel+ 0 a/ir t in/ruction 0 someh[ to be br\ght to !m4#agb ,! se$ 0 already s[n1 & by ! "t ! s*ool 9 ,virg9ia 0 brok5 up1 o!rs 7 beg9n+ to arise else:]e4 ,:5 ! "w 0 f9ally to be tak5 up1 x 0 to be ^u a solid f\ndation :i* %\ld la/ ) ! la/+ness ( education4 ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,s*ools ,! seat ( ! fir/ p]man5t s*ool to be e/abli%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! education ( ! deaf 0 ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut2 & ! "n ( ! "o man ) :i* ! beg9n+ "w w =ev] be c\pl$ is t ( ,?omas ,hopk9s ,gallaudet4 ,am]ica1 h[ev]1 0 n to comm5ce ! "w ( itself3 ! _s & ! me?od _h to be br\ght f ,europe4 ,e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury !re liv$ at ,h>t=d a "y deaf girl1 ,alice ,cogswell by "n1 ! daught] ( a physician1 & 9 h] a gr\p ( m5 _h become int]e/$4 ,an inve/igation ( ! numb] ( ! deaf _h be5 made 9 #ahab by a body ( cl]gym51 :5 #hd 7 f\nd1 & x 0 e/imat$ t !re 7 #djj 9 ,new ,engl&1 & #b1jjj 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & ! "q ( a s*ool _h be5 consid]$4#agc ,9 #ahae ! fri5ds ( ,alice ,cogswell decid$ to organize a society = ! purpose ( provid+ means to in/ruct "s ( ^!1 & to secure an in/ructor4 ,to take up ?is "w1 att5tion 0 direct$ to ,gallaudet1 !n a "y !ological /ud5t4 ,he 0 fix$ ^u z ! man to g to ,europe & acqua9t himself ) ! me?ods !re employ$4 ,gallaudet respond$ at once to ! appeal made to him1 & proce$$ to prep>e himself =?)4 ,! same ye>1 #ahae1 saw ,gallaudet />t ^u 8 err&1 8 exp5ses be+ defray$ by ! society4#agd ,he fir/ visit$ ,engl&1 b f9d+ !re a monopoly compos$ ( ! ,braidwood & ,watson families1 he betook himself to ,france4 ,9 ?is c\ntry he met ) a w>m reception1 & "h he eag]ly set ^u 8 labors ( /udy & inve/igation at ! s*ool :i* de l',epee _h e/abli%$4 ,he obs]v$ closely1 & !n ! foll[+ ye> turn$ 8 face t[>ds ,am]ica1 equipp$ = ! great "w be=e him1 & br++ ) him "o ( ! deaf tea*]s f ,p>is nam$ ,laur5t ,cl]c4 ,on ,gallaudet's return ! second "p ( ! und]tak+ = ! creation ( a s*ool 0 to be accompli%$1 namely1 ! secur+ ( funds1 :i* requir$ half a ye> m4 ,= ?is purpose ,gallaudet & a few o!rs set ab\t solicit+ contributions4 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,albany1 ,new ,hav51 & o!r cities 7 visit$1 & ! int]e/ 9 ! new und]tak+ 0 %[n by ! response made4#age ,by ! "t ! s*ool 0 ready to op51 ov] #ab1jjj _h be5 obta9$1 :i* 0 soon aft] m ?an d\bl$4#agf ,! contributions came f v>i\s s\rces1 includ+ individuals1 societies & *ur*es1 & 7 f n a few /ates1 & ev5 =eign c\ntries4 ,a *>t] 0 grant$ ! society 9 #ahaf by ! legislature ( ,connecticut2 & #e1jjj 0 appropriat$ = ! s*ool1#agg :i* 0 probably ! fir/ appropriation ( public money = education n 9 regul> s*ools4#agh ,on ,april #ae1 #ahag1 ! new s*ool ?rew op5 its doors1 & ?us 0 e/abli%$ ! fir/ in/itution = ! in/ruction ( ! deaf--9 fact1 ! fir/ = any ( ! s-call$ defective classes4 ,its success 0 assur$ f ! />t1 & !re 7 _m applicants1 com+ f diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! s*ool _h to dep5d ma9ly ^u private contributions1 & = its ma9t5ance ef=ts _h to be cont9u$ to collect funds1 pupils be+ tak5 = ?is purpose to sev]al cities = exhibition1 especially be=e *ur* assemblies & ! legislative bodies ( ,new ,engl&4#agi ,x 0 n long 9 appe>+1 h[ev]1 t1 z ! s*ool 0 really to be national 9 scope1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t might be appeal$ to = aid4 ,visits 7 accord+ly made to ,wa%+ton 9 #ahai1 & ! int]e/ ( c]ta9 ( ! memb]s ( ,congress 0 secur$4 ,among ^! 0 ,h5ry ,clay1 :o %[$ a p>ticul> reg>d = ! new und]tak+1 & x 0 l>gely ?r\gh 8 influ5ce t ,congress 0 prevail$ ^u to be/[ ^u ! s*ool #bc1jjj acres ( ! public l&1 f :i* 9 "t #cjj1jjj 0 realiz$4#ahj ,x 0 ! und]/&+1 !re be+ no c5sus ( ! deaf at ?is "t1 t any /ate or individual might p>ticipate 9 ! b5efit ( ?is grant1 & t ! s*ool 0 to be op5 on equal t]ms to all4#aha ,?\gh ! s*ool 0 reg>d$ z national 9 "o s5se1 x 0 also felt to be p>ticul>ly ,new ,engl&'s f ! %>e t ^! /ates took 9 its developm5t4 ,v soon aft] x _h comm5c$ op]ations a lively int]e/ _h be5 manife/$2 & 9 #ahbe a meet+ 0 held at ,h>t=d ( (ficial repres5tatives ( all ^! /ates except ,rhode ,isl&1 to discuss ! possibilities ( co-op]ation 9 its "w4#ahb ,h>dly1 inde$1 _h ! s*ool ent]$ ^u its labor :51 )\t solicitation1 ,massa*usetts began s5d+ its deaf *ildr5 to x4 ,x 0 foll[$ 9 turn by ! o!rs1 all ! /ates ( ,new ,engl& ?us com+ to provide = _! *ildr5 "h z at a common s*ool--a policy cont9u$ ) all = _m ye>s4 ,by ?is arrangem5t a c]ta9 am\nt f ! /ate treasury 0 all[$ = ea* pupil4 ,! action ( ,massa*usetts 0 tak5 9 #ahai1 ( ,new ,hamp%ire 9 #ahba1 ( ,v]mont & ,ma9e 9 #ahbe1 ( ,connecticut 9 #ahbh1 & ( ,rhode ,isl& 9 #ahdb4 ,two o!r /ates1 f> remov$ f ,new ,engl&1 also by special legislative grants provid$ = pupils 9 ?is s*ool = a "t4 ,^! 7 ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 bo? beg9n+ 9 #ahcd4ahc ,9 addition1 !re 7 private pupils s5t "h f a numb] ( /ates4#ahd ,! s*ool at ,h>t=d 0 n[ 9 full op]ation1 ) a nation-wide int]e/ ^u x4#ahe ,b sc>cely _h x receiv$ its fir/ pupil :5 o!r s*ools began to be e/abli%$1 & inde$ ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania are h>dly to be consid]$ beh9d ,connecticut at all1 s*ools 9 ^! /ates be+ 9 ! c\rse ( =mation :5 ! ,h>t=d s*ool 0 op5$4 ,f ! conc]n n[ app>5t 9 _m sections1 x 0 soon evid5t t ! new "w 0 to spread ov] ! l&1 & t ! education ( ! deaf _h a*iev$ = itself an e/abli%$ position4 ,9 ,new ,york1 z we h se51 ! ,rev4 ,john ,/an=d _h f\nd sev]al deaf *ildr5 9 ! alm%\se ( ! city1 &1 mov$ by _! condition1 _h s\ght to tea* !m4 ,int]e/ 0 felt by o!r m51 & ! agitation = a s*ool 0 fur!r$ by lett]s f ! ,am]ican consul at ,bordeaux 9 #ahaf1 "o ( :i* 0 writt5 by a ,fr5* tea*] & address$ to ! ,philan?ropi/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a c5sus 0 made ( ! deaf 9 ! city1#ahf meet+s 7 held 9 _! behalf1 a notable "o tak+ place at ,tammany ,hall1 & private funds collect$4 ,9 #ahag a *>t] 0 secur$ f ! legislature1 & ! foll[+ ye> ! s*ool 0 op5$4 ,! city ( ,new ,york display$ a w>m int]e/ 9 x1 mak+ a special appropriation at its beg9n+1 & und]tak+ ! support ( a numb] ( pupils = a "t1 besides furni%+ qu>t]s free ( co/4 ,9 #ahai ! /ate legislature1 aft] an exhibit ( pupils1 decid$ to assi/1 mak+ an appropriation = ! b5efit ( ! s*ool1 & soon aft]w>d all[+ a c]ta9 am\nt = ea* pupil4 ,9 #ahba ,new ,j]sey began s5d+ *ildr5 to ! s*ool1 action be+ tak5 9 ?is /ate by a unanim\s vote4 ,p5nsylvania foll[$ close ^u ,connecticut & ,new ,york4 ,a committee _h be5 organiz$ 9 ,philadelphia 9 #ahaf to secure contributions = a s*ool1 & meet+s _h be5 held1 ?\gh )\t imm$iate result4 ,late 9 ! ye> #ahai1 or e>ly 9 #ahbj1 ,david ,seixas1 a ,jew1 f9d+ sev]al poor deaf-mute *ildr5 to :om he gave %elt]1 made attempts to tea* !m4 ,9 ! latt] ye> a society 0 =m$ by c]ta9 citiz5s1 aft] a meet+ 9 ! rooms ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society2 & be+ pleas$ ) ! "w ( ,seixas1 x decid$ to adopt 8 s*ool4 ,! foll[+ ye>1 aft] an exhibit ( pupils1 ! s*ool 0 incorporat$ by ! legislature1 & grant$ a p] capita appropriation ( #afj1 :ile contributions f fri5ds 7 num]\s4 ,9 #ahba1 also1 pupils 7 admitt$ f ,new ,j]sey1 ?is /ate provid+ = !m bo? at ! ,new ,york & ,philadelphia s*ools4 ,9 #ahbg ,m>yl&1 & 9 #ahce ,delaw>e1 au?oriz$ ! s5d+ ( *ildr5 to ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 exhibits ( pupils hav+ be5 made be=e ! legislatures ( ^! /ates4#ahg ,k5tucky 9 #ahbc 0 ! f\r? /ate 9 ! ,union to e/abli% a s*ool4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 action 0 tak5 directly by ! legislature1 & ! s*ool has always be5 ! prop]ty ( ! /ate4 ,9 #ahbfahh ,congress grant$ to x a t[n%ip ( l& 9 ,florida1 on ! !ory t ?is s*ool w\ld be ! c5t] = pupils f ! we/]n & s\!rn /ates2 & x 0 = "s ye>s ! place ( education = _m ( ! *ildr5 f ! s\!rn /ates1#ahi & also = a numb] f we/]n /ates4 ,) ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is s*ool directly by ! /ate beg9s a new policy 9 ! provision = ! education ( ! deaf--! "w no long] be+ entru/$ to private individuals & societies4 ,all ! /ates t foll[$ ,k5tucky 9 ! creation ( s*ools1 ) ! exception ( ,m>yl& & "s ( ! ,new ,engl& /ates1 adopt$ ?is policy4 ,ohio came next 9 #ahbi1 al?\gh an attempt _h be5 made to e/abli% a s*ool 9 ,c9c9nati z e>ly z #ahba4aij ,pupils 7 also receiv$ into x f neighbor+ /ates4#aia ,9 #ahch ,virg9ia e/abli%$ a jo9t s*ool = ! deaf & ! bl9d1 aft] exhibitions ( pupils _h be5 giv5 9 ! /ate4 ,9 ,indiana a private s*ool 0 />t$ 9 #ahda1 & ?ree ye>s lat] ! /ate in/itution1 action be+ tak5 by ! legislature )\t a s+le diss5t+ vote4 ,9 ?is /ate ano!r /age is rea*$ 9 ! "w ( educat+ ! deaf3 education :i* _h hi!rto be51 by /atute1 free to ! indig5t only is 9 positive t]ms made free to all4 ,?is 0 done 9 #ahdh1 & ! action has be5 ?us describ$3#aib ,! doors ( all asylums built at public exp5se = mutes1 = ! bl9d1 & = lunatics 7 ?r[n op5 to all1 t _! bless+s1 l ! ra9 & dew ( heav51 might freely desc5d on ^! *ildr5 ( mis=tune ?r\gh\t ! /ate1 )\t money & )\t price4 ,well might ?is paean break =?1 = ?is is probably ! broade/ b5evol5t legislation ev] enact$ up to ?is "t4 ,9 ,georgia a private s*ool 0 op5$ 9 #ahdb1 & 9 #ahdf ! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$1 aft] a visit ( pupils f ! ,h>t=d s*ool4 ,9 #ahde a s*ool 0 />t$ 9 ,t5nessee1 aft] an exhibit ( pupils f ,k5tucky4 ,! same ye> 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aft] an exhibit ( pupils f ,virg9ia1 a s*ool 0 op5$ = ! deaf & ! bl9d1 ?\gh "o _h be5 project$ z e>ly z #ahbh4aic ,9 #ahdf a s*ool 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,ill9ois1 ! bill pass+ ! legislature by a unanim\s vote4 ,to x came pupils f ,miss\ri1 ,i[a & ,wiscons94 ,9 #ahdi a s*ool 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,?us by ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 or ?irty-two ye>s aft] ! f\nd+ ( ! fir/ s*ool 9 ,am]ica1 !re 7 s*ools 9 a doz5 /ates4 ,9 ! next qu>t] c5tury s*ools 7 creat$ 9 n9ete5 o!r /ates1 & s9ce 9 ne>ly all ! rema9d]4 ,,e>ly ,,ideas ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,s*ools ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,x 0 b natural t = "s ye>s ! provid+ ( s*ools = ! education ( ! deaf %\ld be look$ ^u ) wond]4 ,to _m ! v ?\ght ( _! in/ruction seem$ /range4 ,curi\s notions _h be5 held z to ! deaf-mute's m9d1 & x 0 n c]ta9 h[ f> x 0 capable ( in/ruction4 ,by "s ! idea ( ! education ( ! deaf 0 receiv$ ) sc>cely conceal$ skepticism1 & despite ! en?usiasm ( ! promot]s & despite ! cordial int]e/ manife/$ 9 _m qu>t]s1 !re 7 n a few d\bt]s4 ,ef=ts to educate ! deaf 7 ev5 decl>$ quixotic & absurd4 ,:5 ! /ate ( ,ill9ois 0 erect+ a build+ to be us$ z a s*ool1 x 0 by "s call$ ! /ate's folly4#aid ,! legislatures !mselves occasionally _h misgiv+s1 & n[ & !n an appropriation 0 vot$ = a s*ool m 9 hope ?an o!rwise4#aie ,! "w 0 ?us ) _m (t5 misund]/ood1 & a few ( ! s*ools did n h altoge!r easy sail+4 ,b :5 x 0 f\nd t ! deaf c\ld be1 & 7 be+1 educat$1 n only 7 all d\bts dispell$1 b ! a/oni%m5t almo/ goes beyond b\nds1 & ev5 passes into a rapture ( ?anksgiv+4 ,visitors1 9 "s cases1 flock$ to ! places :]e ^! wond]ful ?+s 7 transpir+4 ,!y came to conv9ce !mselves1 & /ood hu%$ 9 admiration at ! spectacle be=e !m4 ,! acc\nts ( a numb] ( ! e>ly s*ools atte/ ! greet+ giv5 to ! new "w4 ,! ,new ,york ,in/itution 9 its fir/ report#aif speaks ( ! num]\s visitors & _! expressions ( m+l$ surprise & delight4 ,9 ! new ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution int]e/ 0 m>k$ly ar\s$4 ,by ,p\lson's ,am]ican ,daily ,advocate ( ,philadelphia x 0 /at$ t #a1fjj p cr[d$ into a *ur* to witness an exam9ation ( pupils1 & by ! ,columbian ,obs]v] x 0 decl>$ t ?is sc5e 0 impressive beyond description1 & t ! ex]cises excit$ wond] m+l$ ) ! acute/ s5sations ( compassion = ^! isolat$ be+s4#aig ,an e>ly report ( ! ,t5nessee ,s*ool#aih speaks ( ! int]e/ ev9c$ by ! great numb]s ( p]sons :o visit$ ! s*ool1 :i* 0 %[n by ! sympa?y w>mly express$ ) ! great affliction ( ! pupils1 & ! surprise at ! atta9m5ts made by !m4 ,inde$1 ! new "w is m ?an once ref]r$ to 9 ! acc\nts ( ! p]iod z a miracle4 ,! age ( miracles1 we are told1 0 n pa/4#aii ,:5 a private s*ool 0 op5$ 9 ,kansas1 ! adv]tisem5t ran3 ,behold ! educational miracle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! deaf he>1 ! dumb speak1 ! bl9d see4#bjj ,! wond]s ( education _h become all ! m m>k$ & expectations 7 ar\s$ to a high pit*1 :5 x 0 se5 ab\t ?is "t t ! bl9d & o!r classes z well 7 be+ in/ruct$4 ,great ?+s 7 believ$ to be 9 /ore = ! human race4 ,) ! s*ools = ! deaf !re 0 n[ g5]al approbation & support4 ,d\bt]s 7 sil5c$1 & ! promot]s took he>t4 ,soon ! new in/itutions _h won = !mselves a place 9 ! intellig5t & affectionate reg>d ( all2 & to ^? in/rum5tal 9 _! creation ! p univ]sally pl$g$ _! gratitude4 ,,aims ,,( ,,! ,,f\nd]s ,?\gh ! fir/ s*ools = ! deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 f\nd$ to a consid]able ext5t ) ! idea ( *>ity or b5evol5ce pres5t1 yet ?is 0 n s mu* ! upp]mo/ purpose z to provide in/ruction = !m2 or r1 x may be said t ! b5evol5ce itself 0 prompt$ by ! desire to see ! deaf l$ f ! d>kness ( ignorance to ! light ( education4 ,x is true t _m ( ! pupils 7 recogniz$ z entitl$ to mat]ial assi/ance z well z in/ruction4 ,"s ( ! s*ools 7 *>t]$ z b5evol5t in/itutions1 :ile sev]al ev5 av[$ !mselves z *>itable affairs4#bja ,x is also true t ! promot]s 7 9 "p conc]n$ ) deaf *ildr5 f\nd 9 pov]ty1 ^! be+ likely to engage n a little att5tion4 ,x 0 desir$ to furni% homes = a numb] )\t *>ge2 & e>ly acc\nts & /atutes speak ( ! c>e1 aid1 ma9t5ance or support#bjb ( ^! *ildr54 ,b x is none ! less true t ! great purpose 9 e/abli%+ in/itutions 0 educational1 & ! in/ruction ( ! *ildr5 0 ! prim>y & *ief ?+ guid+ ! h&s ( ! m5 :o creat$ ! s*ools4 ,9 ! prospectuses ( "s ( ! s*ools any object is disclaim$ o!r ?an t ( education4 ,9 a circul> describ+ ! propos$ s*ool 9 ,kansas 7 ! words3 ,?is is n an asylum1 b a s*ool = ! education ( ! deaf4#bjc ,homes1 or in/itutions1 7 provid$ l>gely = ! reason t ?is plan appe>$ ! only practicable means ( rea*+ a consid]able numb] ( pupils4 ,) ! e>ly work]s1 !n1 ! purpose 0 to give ! *ildr5 an education4 ,b ?is 0 n all4 ,9 _! vision1 a f> great] op5+ pres5t$ itself4 ,h]et(ore ! deaf _h be5 outca/s f society1 _h no place among civiliz$ be+s1 & 7 a dead weight 9 ! community4 ,n[ all 0 to be *ang$4 ,eyes saw a glori\s trans=mation3 ! deaf 7 to be re/or$ to society1 & education 0 ! magic by :i* x 0 to be done4 ,9 full measure 7 ! f\nd]s ?rill$ ) ?is prospect2 & to reclaim ! deaf f _! condition 0 ! great resolve4 ,_m ( ! e>ly reports1 *>t]s & organic acts express su* a purpose1 & speak ( ! lonely & *e]less condition ( ! deaf1 & ! hope to re/ore !m to ! ranks ( _! species4 ,9 ! preamble ( an ,address to ! ,inhabitants ( ,p5nsylvania1 prep>$ by ! society to e/abli% ! s*ool 9 ?is /ate1#bjd ! deaf are said to be 9 entire & inv9cible sep>ation f ! va/ /ores ( k :i* human tal5t has accumulat$--ignorant ( ! tru?s ( ,revelation1 h] glori\s assurances & unspeakable consolations1 all be+ among ! bitt] +r$i5ts :i* fill up ! va/ measure ( ! affliction to ! deaf & dumb2 & t among ! v>i\s ef=ts ( philan?ropy & le>n+ to enl>ge ! circle ( human happ9ess & k1 none %\ld p]haps rank high] ?an ^? :i* h be5 direct$ to ! discov]y & application ( means = ! in/ruction ( ! deaf & dumb4 ,9 language gl[+ & impassion$ ! condition ( ! deaf )\t education is describ$4 ,almo/ univ]sally !y are ?\ght ( z abid+ 9 imp5etrable sil5ce & deep d>kness4 ,9 an address deliv]$ be=e ! ,new ,york ,=um 9 behalf ( ! ,new ,york ,in/itution#bje 9 its e>ly days1 x is ass]t$ t ! deaf dwell 9 sil5ce1 solitude & d>kness1 & 9 ! second report ( ?is s*ool#bjf !y are decl>$ to be wrapt 9 imp5etrable gloom ( sil5ce1 sorr[ & despair4 ,9 an ,ohio report#bjg !y are said to be 9 intellectual & moral midnight2 & 9 a ,mi*igan report#bjh to be grop+ 9 ?ick d>kness4 ,9 a ,l\isiana report#bji !y are call$ sorr[-/rick5 *ildr5 ( sil5ce2 & 9 a ,k5tucky report#baj _! lives are describ$ z d>k1 dre>y & com=tless4 ,! ,s\!rn ,lit]>y ,mess5g]#baa ( ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 *>act]izes _! exi/5ce z intellectual night4 ,! ,new ,york ,comm]cial ,adv]tis]#bab 9 ! ye> ! fir/ s*ool 0 op5$ affirms t _! intellectual faculties 444 are 444 lock$ 9 ! d>kness ( night & %r\d$ 9 sil5ce4 ,9 an address deliv]$ %ortly aft] ! op5+ ( ! ,t5nessee ,s*ool#bac !y are ref]r$ to z entomb$ 9 a prison4 ,! ,albany ,argus & ,daily ,city ,gazette#bad po9ts to ! deaf man z ab&on$ to 8 h>d fate1 to w&] 9 d>kness1 ! pitiable object ( dismal despair4 ,9 an address deliv]$ 9 ! ,capitol 9 ,wa%+ton#bae ! deaf are said to be doom$ to we> out _! lives 9 intellectual d>kness4 ,! results ( education 7 to be great beyond measurem5t1 & ! pass+ ( ! deaf f ignorance to education is lik5$ ev5 to ! glories ( ! ,resurrection4 ,a ,committee ( ,congress#baf 9 recomm5d+ ! grant+ ( l& to ! ,k5tucky ,s*ool speaks ( education z ! only means ( r$eem+ ?is un=tunate portion ( our species f ! ignorance & /upidity to :i* !y w\ld o!rwise be consign$ by ! p>tial h& ( nature1 &1 inde$2 ( transf]r+ !m f a /ate ( almo/ m5tal bl9dness to t ( intellectual & acc\ntable be+s4 ,! ,new ,york ,/atesman#bag speaks ( ! effects 9 improv+ ! moral pr9ciple1 :i* is torpid & almo/ oblit]at$1 & op5+ ! way to moral & religi\s in/ruction & k ( ! ,deity :i* is almo/ void4 ,an e>ly report ( ! ,am]ican ,s*ool#bah tells ( ! transition ( _! imprison$ m9ds :i* h too long be5 envelop$ 9 ! pr(\nde/ %ade ( intellectual & moral d>kness to ! cleans+ & purify+ light ( ,div9e ,tru?4 ,an ,ohio report#bai /ates t !y h come =? into ! light ( tru?1 t tru? t tea*es !m t !y possess a rational & immortal _s4 ,9 ! address 9 behalf ( ! ,new ,york ,in/itution be=e not$1#bbj x is said ( ! deaf t ! p[]s ( torpid & dormant intellects are resurrect$ f an et]nal night ( sil5ce4 ,! fir/ report ( ! ,m9nesota ,s*ool#bba ref]s to ! deaf z lib]at$ f ! w9d+ %eets ( sil5ce & ignorance1 & tells h[ _! s\ls vibrate ) su* joy z ,laz>us felt :5 he /epp$ =? f ! gloom ( ! grave4 ,9 ! fir/ report ( ! ,indiana ,s*ool#bbb ! /ate ( ! deaf )\t education is ?us contra/$ ) t ( ! deaf ) education3 ,inde$1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! un$ucat$ & ! educat$ mute is almo/ incr$ible4 ,! =m] w9ds 8 we>y way ?r\gh life 9 ignorance & obscurity1 (t5 an object ( *>ity1 & almo/ a burd5 to himself2 b ! latt]1 gladd5$ by ! g5ial rays ( k & fitt$ = ! dis*>ge ( duty1 becomes a bless+ to 8 fri5ds & to society1 acts well 8 "p z a memb] ( ! great human family1 enjoys ! pres5t1 & looks =w>d to ! future ) *e]fulness & hope4 ,! *>t] ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution ref]s to ! desire ( c]ta9 citiz5s to re/ore ! deaf & dumb to ! ranks ( _! species2 & ! preamble ( ! /atutes creat+ s*ools 9 ,k5tucky & o!r /ates conta9s simil> language4 ,! purpose ( ! ,ill9ois s*ool is giv5 9 ! organic act1 ! language ( t ( ,nebraska & o!r /ates be+ almo/ id5tical3 ,to promote by all prop] & feasible means ! m5tal1 moral & physical culture ( t portion ( ! community1 :o by ! my/]i\s disp5sations ( ,provid5ce1 h be5 born1 or by disease h become deaf1 & ( c\rse dumb1 by a judici\s & well adapt$ c\rse ( education1 to reclaim !m f _! lonely & *e]less condition1 to re/ore !m to ! ranks ( _! species1 & to fit !m to dis*>ge ! social & dome/ic duties ( life4 ,! object ( ! s*ools 9 ,wiscons91 ,s\? ,dakota1 & o!r /ates is decl>$ to be3 ,to af=d ! deaf & dumb ( ! /ate1 s f> z possible1 an enlight5$ & practical education1 t may aid !m to obta9 ! means ( in/ruction1 dis*>ge ! duties ( citiz5%ip1 & secure all ! happ9ess !y are capable ( obta9+4 ,! e>ly educators ( ! deaf felt !mselves t !y 7 inde$ c>ry+ ! light to %9e 9 a d>k place4 ,9 ! language ( "o ( ! =emo/ ( !m3#bbc ,!n ! great triumph ( sci5ce & b5evol5ce ov] "o ( ! mo/ t]rible ( human calamities w be complete1 & ! deaf & dumb1 objects ( int]e/1 b h>dly ( compassion1 w /& =? among _! k9dr$ :o he>1 heirs ( all ! hopes1 ! privileges & ! l(ty aspirations ( _! race4 ,,ext5sion ,,( ,,! ,,means ,,( ,,in/ruction ,,ov] ,,! ,,c\ntry ,int]e/ 9 ! education ( ! deaf _h ?us become g5]al1 public conc]n 0 awak5$1 & movem5ts 7 e>ly on foot 9 n a few /ates to />t s*ools4 ,! en?usiasm ar\s$ by ! success ( ! fir/ s*ools only increas$ ! hopes t o!rs w\ld be provid$ to rea* ! deaf *ildr5 9 all ! /ates4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review 9 #ahcdbbd decl>$ t !re 7 no d\bts t ! wants ( ! deaf & dumb w soon be suppli$1 & t ! public b5efic5ce already ext5d$ to a portion w1 be=e ! lapse ( _m ye>s1 be ext5d$ to all4 ,nor 7 ^! hopes to be %att]$1 = ! /ates foll[$ ea* o!r 9 rapid succession 9 provid+ means = ! in/ruction ( _! deaf y\?4 ,inde$1 :5 we consid] h[ e>ly "s ( ! newly settl$ /ates began to devote att5tion to ! education ( ! deaf--a "w t 0 und]tak5 9 ,europe only aft] ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury--we are p]suad$ t x speaks no less = ! reg>d = & devotion to education implant$ 9 ! brea/s ( ! ,am]ican p1 ?an = ! bigness & b5evol5ce ( _! he>ts4 ,! cr$it rema9s j z deep1 ev5 ?\gh x has ev] be5 ! mission & _s ( ,am]ica to br+ education to ! door ( e "o ( its *ildr51 & ?\gh :at x has done = ! deaf is b a "p ( ?is great pr9ciple4 ,! e>ly work]s1 despite ! prelim9>y j\rneys to ,europe1 7 l>gely pione]s1 & ?is c\ntry owes an immeasurable debt to ! f\nd]s & directors ( ! fir/ s*ools4 ,_m ( !m 7 m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 & all ( !m 7 m5 ( high ideals4 ,possibly !re has nev] be5 a movem5t und]tak5 = ! good ( humanity t has drawn to x a m capable or e>ne/ b& ( m54 ,^! e>ly work]s 7 possess$ ( a det]m9ation1 an ardor1 a res\rcefulness1 comb9$ ) s*ol>%ip & und]/&+ ( no common ord]1 t w\ld h grac$ any human cause4 ,!y 7 truly ( ^? 9 ,am]ica t h blaz$ trails1 & to !m belong$ ^? elem5ts ( "* t are a pride to any p4#bbe ,! fir/ s*ools 7 creat$ by societies ( private citiz5s1 funds be+ contribut$ f memb]%ip fees 9 ! societies1 f subscriptions & f o!r private donations4#bbf ,to ! aid ( ^! s*ools ! /ate lat] came ) appropriations2 b :ile an ov]sight & g5]al control 7 assum$ by x1 ! s*ools 7 left z private corporations4 ,) ! e/abli%m5t1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,k5tucky ,s*ool 9 #ahbc1 a second /age is rea*$ 9 ! ext5sion ( ! new "w1 ! /ate n[ und]tak+ ! task itself & provid+ ! s*ools at its own initiative & exp5se4 ,at fir/ admission into ! s*ools 0 re/rict$ to a c]ta9 numb] ( pupils1 (t5 bas$ ^u "s political division ( ! /ate1 z a s5atorial di/rict 9 ,t5nessee1 or a judicial 9 ,ohio4 ,:5 su* limitations 7 swept away1 we h ! ?ird /age 9 ! provision = ! education ( ! deaf4 ,! f\r? & la/ /age--?\gh n necess>ily 9 ?is ord] 9 any "o p>ticul> /ate1 & n 9 e case =mally accompli%$--is atta9$ :5 9 ,indiana all *>ges are remov$1 & education is made free to all4#bbg ,9 ! s*ools creat$ 9 lat] times all ^! /eps 7 usually m]g$ into "o3 limitations ( any k9d 7 mo/ly omitt$1 & ! s*ools 7 9 g5]al ?r[n op5 to all f ! beg9n+4 ,?us is rea*$ ! culm9ative po9t 9 ! c\rse ( ! provision = ! education ( ! deaf 9 ,am]ica4 ,no long] 0 private b5evol5ce to inaugurate & c>ry on ! "w1 b ! /ate 0 com+ to see its responsibility 9 "p1 f9ally to realize its full duty 9 mak+ education free to all its deaf population1 j z x 0 free to ! re/ ( its citiz5s4#bbh ,9 _m in/ances1 be=e action by ! /ate1 in/ruction ( a small collection ( deaf *ildr5 0 tak5 up by a gr\p ( citiz5s2#bbi b h>dly _h ?is be5 done :5 z a rule ! /ate prov$ itself ready & will+ to move 9 & %\ld] ! responsibility4 ,^! private s*ools 7 ?us (t5 ! nuclei ( ! /ate in/itutions1 at fir/ aid$ to an ext5t1 & !n tak5 ov]4 ,9 fact1 ! private s*ools 7 n infrequ5tly />t$ m or less z exp]im5tal affairs1 b ) ! expectation t ! /ate w\ld spe$ily come to _! help4 ,! idea ( ! f\nd]s seem$ to be to give b>ely en\gh to keep ! s*ool go+1 & to dep5d ^u gett+ support ( a sub/antial "* 9 ! c\rse ( "t4#bcj ,9 "s cases !re 7 exhibitions ( pupils1 ei!r f ! s*ool :i* 0 hop$ to be aid$1 or f an already e/abli%$ s*ool 9 ano!r /ate4 ,^! 7 design$ to awak5 int]e/ 9 ! public1 & especially among ! legislators1 & to quick5 ! desir$ action4 ,9 m ?an "o in/ance ! s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at or ne> ! /ate capital to %[ ! legislatures :at c\ld be done & to influ5ce _! proce$+s4 ,n infrequ5tly memorials or petitions1 9 "s cases conta9+ a great numb] ( names1 7 pres5t$ to ! legislatures1 pray+ = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! s*ools4 ,sometimes if d\bt z to ! wisdom ( ! propos$ c\rse seem$ to delay matt]s1 a po9t 0 to be ga9$ 9 ! dispat* z a prelim9>y proc$ure ( a special committee or ag5t to "s exi/+ s*ool 9 ano!r /ate1 to exam9e & report ^u its "w1 ?is report be+1 z 0 expect$1 ne>ly always highly favorable4#bca ,b appeals to ^! bodies1 :atev] _! nature1 7 r>ely turn$ away1 & usually secur$ prompt response4 ,:5 action 0 f9ally to be obta9$1 ! measure relat+ to ! deaf 0 pass$ ) few diss5t+ votes1 sometimes ) none at all4 ,s eag] _h ! repres5tatives ( ! p n[ become1 t1 if x 0 n deem$ practicable at once to create a /ate in/itution1 ha/e 0 made to provide = ! *ildr5 9 a s*ool 9 ano!r /ate till "o )9 _! own bord]s c\ld be e/abli%$4 ,9 "s cases /eps 7 tak5 to ?is end by ! legislative assemblies ( t]ritories be=e /atehood _h be5 be/[$ ^u !m4#bcb ,at ! same "t n to be =gott51 9 ! n>ration ( ! ext5sion ( ! means ( education to ! deaf ( ! c\ntry1 is ! real debt to private action4 ,x 0 private initiative t (t5 br\ght ! s*ools into be+1 & x 0 private solicitude t (t5 won _! f9al endorsem5t & adoption by ! /ate4 ,9 n a few places !re 7 citiz5s f\nd :o 7 will+ to give ( _! sub/ance to =w>d ! new "w4#bcc ,= "s ( ! s*ools money 0 n only subscrib$1 b x came also f ! proce$s ( fairs & conc]ts1 & = a few also f lectures1 debates1 exhibits ( pictures1 & simil> affairs2 :ile exhibitions ( ! pupils !mselves f ! s*ools seldom fail$ to draw a g5]\s (f]+4#bcd ,inde$1 _m 7 glad ( ! opportunity to l5d a h&1 & contributions 7 t5d]$ n only by v>i\s individuals1 b also by diff]5t societies & organizations#bce--;*ur*es probably among ! latt] prov+ ! mo/ ready giv]s1 ) aid1 9 addition1 at "t f newspap]s1 & n[ & !n f a s*ool or college4 ,9 "s cases funds 7 collect$ by citiz5s ) :i* to pur*ase a site1 & sometimes ! l& requir$ 0 giv5 by ! cities !mselves4 ,indirect aid 0 ext5d$ z well ( n a few k9ds2 & 9 ! e>ly s*ools !re 0 seldom great difficulty 9 secur+ r$uc$ transportation on railroads & /eamboats4#bcf ,h[ev]1 except 9 a few in/ances1 private assi/ance 9 ! aggregate did n prove great3 z a rule 9 mo/ s*ools x 0 limit$1 usually suffic+ only to tide !m ov] _! nasc5t /age1 & 9 l>ge "p ceas+ ^u _! full e/abli%m5t4 ,f !n on ! ma9t5ance 0 assum$ practically entirely z a public *>ge1 ! legislatures ( ! sev]al /ates und]tak+ !mselves to provide = ! s*ools4 ,9 a few cases1 h[ev]1 !re 0 public aid ( ano!r sort4 ,9 sev]al s*ools !re 7 all[ances = a long] or %ort] p]iod f municipal funds1 z 9 ,m>yl&1 ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,york1 & f c\nty1 z 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,utah4#bcg ,b mu* ! mo/ important assi/ance ( ?is "* came f ! national gov]nm5t2 & :ile only a few s*ools 7 favor$ by its action1 ! b5efactions to ^? 7 h>dly less ?an munific5t4 ,= ! b5efit ( ! ,connecticut & ,k5tucky s*ools e>ly 9 _! c>e]s ,congress grant$ great areas ( ! public doma92 & lat]1 on ! admission ( half a doz5 or s /ates 9 ! ,we/ into ! ,union1 set ap>t ext5sive tracts = ! s*ools to be e/abli%$ 9 !m4#bch ,:5 ! s*ool = ! deaf _h be5 =mally recogniz$ by ! /ate1 its fir/ act ( assi/ance z a rule 0 9 ! =m ( p] capita all[ances = ! pupils1 ) only occasionally a specific appropriation4 ,^! all[ances 7 9 ! beg9n+ small1 b 9 "t 7 gradually increas$4 ,x 0 usually "s ye>s be=e ! policy 0 adopt$ ( mak+ regul> appropriations4 ,9 a few cases1 z 9 ,indiana & ,ill9ois1 :5 x 0 decid$ to create a /ate in/itution1 ! fir/ proce$+s 71 9 lieu ( a direct appropriation1 ! levy+ ( a small mill tax ^u ! assess$ prop]ty ( ! /ate4 ,9 ,new ,york b5efit 0 all[$ f ! f9es or lic5ses on lott]ies1 & 9 ,ohio f ! receipts ( a tax on auctions 9 "o ( ! c\nties ( ! /ate4 ,9 a few cases ! s*ools 7 ev5 locat$ :]e !re appe>$ ! greate/ f9ancial inducem5t1#bci z ) ! requirem5t t a c]ta9 numb] ( acres ( l& %\ld be donat$ = ! s*ool4#bdj ,= ! organization ( ! new s*ools a small body ( citiz5s 0 appo9t$1 (t5 ! orig9al promot]s ( ! und]tak+1 to act z tru/ees1 & to !m 0 confid$ its direction1 ) ! support & g5]al ov]sight ( ! /ate back ( !m4#bda ,n[ & !n ! tru/ees ( an exi/+ educational or o!r in/itution 7 giv5 *>ge z a tempor>y arrangem5t4#bdb ,9 ! mat]ial projection ( ! s*ools1 little 0 to be expect$ at ! beg9n+4 ,) ! meagre res\rces at _! disposal1 ! directors _h small *oice 9 :at 0 to be provid$4 ,9 n a few cases ! s*ools />t$ out "u conditions f> f auspici\s1 & 9 "s ! circum/ances 9 connection ) _! orig9 7 q disc\rag+4#bdc ,! qu>t]s secur$ = ! s*ools 7 ne>ly always ( unpret5ti\s1 & sometimes ( humble1 type4 ,_m began 9 a s+le r5t$ room1 & a few 9 a *ur* build+ l5t = ! purpose4 ,x 0 only 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>s1 z ! communities grew 9 population & weal?1 t ! e/abli%m5ts = ! deaf assum$ appe>ances 9 keep+ ) _! "*4 ,! s*ools = ! deaf 7 n[ 9 be+1 & 7 ready = ! reception ( _! pupils4 ,b :at ( ^! pupils1 & :]e 7 !y8 ,7 !y f\nd at ! doors ( ! new in/itutions1 clamor+ = admission8 ,! situation 0 h>dly ?is4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 9 ne>ly e case ! s*ools 7 ahead ( ! pupils4 ,?\gh 9 practically e community :]e a s*ool 0 creat$1 !re 7 a great] or less numb] ( *ildr5 9 ne$ ( an education1 ^! *ildr51 or r _! p>5ts1 7 sl[ 9 avail+ !mselves ( ! privilege4 ,x 0 ?us t ! s*ools :5 e/abli%$ _h to wait1 z x 71 = ! com+ ( _! pupils1 & inde$1 9 n a few in/ances1 to g out aft] !m4 ,on ! op5+ ( ! s*ools1 none 0 f\nd to h a l>ge numb] ( pupils1 & 9 mo/ !re 7 only a h&ful1 z ?ree1 f\r or five4#bdd ,x 0 discov]$ t x 0 a f> f easy task to get ! *ildr5 94#bde ,! p>5ts 7 9 no small measure ignorant !mselves1 & ! real value ( ! s*ool 0 n always readily und]/ood4 ,besides1 9 _m sections ! c\ntry 0 new1 ! roads bad1 & ! facilities = travel scant4 ,(t5times 9 ! c\rse ( ! f\nd+ ( ! s*ools1 be=e any direct act 0 attempt$1 a c5sus 0 tak5 ( ! deaf ( ! /ate4 ,x 0 also frequ5tly made ! duty ( c]ta9 local (fic]s z c\nty cl]ks1 assessors1 etc41 to regi/] & report prospective pupils4 ,by _m ( ! s*ools circul>s 7 di/ribut$ to po/ma/]s1 tax-collectors1 m9i/]s1 s*ool-tea*]s & o!rs to enli/ _! help 9 rea*+ deaf *ildr52#bdf & by c]ta9 ( ! s*ools ! newspap]s 7 ev5 avail$ ( to c>ry _! adv]tisem5ts4 ,sometimes special ag5ts 7 s5t out to sc\r ! /ate & ga!r 9 pupils4 ,9 _m ( ! s*ools at ! same "t ! t]ms ( admission 7 c>efully prescrib$1#bdg & 9 "s1 especially ! old] ones1 ^! t]ms 7 (t5 publi%$4 ,notices ( vacancies 7 also 9 a few cases put 9 ! newspap]s1 :ile 9 "o or two in/ances1 z 9 ,massa*usetts1 x 0 provid$ t lots %\ld be drawn :5 x 0 f\nd t ! numb] ( applicants exce$$ ! numb] all[$4 ,9 a l>ge portion ( ! s*ools at fir/ ! pupils 7 individually committ$1 or 7 appo9t$1 z x 0 call$4#bdh ,x 0 usually "s ye>s be=e ! great] "p ( su* =malities ceas$4 ,*>ges 7 also occasionally made at ! beg9n+1#bdi lat] to be r$uc$ & 9 "t to be aboli%$4#bej ,9 mo/ ( ! s*ools 9 _! fir/ days ! p]iod ( att5dance all[$ to ! pupils 0 v %ort1 (t5 be+ ?ree or f\r ye>s1 & sometimes only two4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 aft] a "t "o or two ye>s 7 add$ to ! numb] p]mitt$1 :i* proc$ure 0 repeat$ aft] c]ta9 int]vals1 & ! l5g? ( resid5ce 0 ?us gradually increas$4 ,9 few ( ! s*ools1 moreov]1 0 an e>ly age held ess5tial2 &1 inde$1 9 a consid]able numb] pupils 7 n admitt$ at an e>ly age1 ! limit n infrequ5tly be+ t5 or twelve4#bea ,! upp] limit 0 high z well1 & 9 "s cases pupils might ent] up to ?irty4 ,^! age limitations 7 also 9 turn l[]$ 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,?us ev5tually we f9d ! ages ( att5dance z well z ! g5]al rules & regulations ( admission con=m+ m & m to ^? ( ! regul> s*ools4 ,! v>i\s s*ools t h be5 creat$ = ! deaf h be5 = ! mo/ "p bo>d+ in/itutions1 9 :i* ! pupils h liv$ dur+ ! s*ool ye>4 ,b beg9n+ 9 #ahfi1 & increas+ rapidly s9ce #ahij1 a sy/em ( day s*ools has be5 br\ght into be+1 m on ! ord] ( ! regul> common s*ools1 & m di/9ctly an integral "p ( ! /ate's educational economy4 ,su* s*ools1 n[ ov] ?ree score 9 numb]1 h be5 e/abli%$ 9 f\rte5 /ates1 & belong especially to l>ge cities4 ,!y may be reg>d$ 9 _m respects z d5ot+ a new dep>ture 9 ! educational treatm5t ( ! deaf1 & z m>k+ ! late/ developm5t 9 ! c\rse ( ! in/ruction ( ! deaf 9 ! c\ntry4 ,9 addition1 !re h be5 creat$ a class ( s*ools1 numb]+ "s score at pres5t1 :i* are ( d5om9ational or private "*1 & are n affect$ by /ate control4 ,f9ally1 !re has be5 e/abli%$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t a national college = ! deaf ( all ! c\ntry--:i* may be call$ ! cr[n+ feature 9 ! provision = ! education ( ! deaf 9 ,am]ica4 ,= ! great numb] ( ! deaf--ov] five-six?s ( ! total--! in/itutional s*ools rema9 ! "o means ( in/ruction4 ,!y h be5 creat$ 9 all b a few ( ! /ates1 & 9 ^? )\t !m ! *ildr5 are s5t to a s*ool 9 a neighbor+ /ate4 ,9 "s ( ! m popul\s /ates two or m s*ools h be5 e/abli%$4 ,^! s*ools are z a rule support$ entirely f ! public treasury1 & are controll$ by ! legislatures1 ! actual adm9i/ration be+ delegat$ to bo>ds ( tru/ees or o!r bodies4 ,9 half ! /ates a reg>d ( an endur+ k9d has be5 manife/$ = ! s*ools 9 t provision = !m has be5 includ$ 9 ! con/itutions1 & ^! /ates are ?us committ$ to _! ma9t5ance4 ,9 ! s*ools !mselves n only is education pres5t$ 9 ! usual s5se1 b 9 practically all indu/rial tra9+ has also be5 provid$ to no mean ext5t1 & con/itutes a prom95t feature ( ! "w4 ,we h n[ trac$ ! orig9 & developm5t ( ! s*ools = ! deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! pres5t organization & arrangem5ts are to be consid]$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,we h f\nd t ! duty ( ! education ( ! deaf has be5 recogniz$ 9 all ! /ates ( ! ,union2 t to-day ev]y:]e 9 ,am]ica provision has be5 made = ! in/ruction ( ! deaf2 & t to all ! deaf *ildr5 ( ! l& ! doors ( education are op5 wide4#beb ,,footnotes3 #afd ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a case report$ be=e ?is ( a deaf p]son :o _h receiv$ in/ruction1 ?\gh h>dly 9 ,am]ica4 ,?is 0 a woman :o 0 bl9d z well z deaf1 & :o liv$ at ,ipswi*1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #afcg4 ,%e _h come f ,engl&2 b :e!r or n %e _h be5 taught be=e ! com+ on ( h] affliction1 we are left 9 ignorance4 ,all t we are sure ( is t communication c\ld be _h ) h]4 ,see ,john ,w9?rop1 ,hi/ory ( ,new ,engl&1 ed4 #ahec1 i41 p4 #bha2 ,annals1 xlv41 #aijj1 p4 #ia4 #afe ,association ,review1 ii41 #aijj1 p4 #cd 7,hi/orical ,notes conc]n+ ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf74 ,no little debt is ow$ to ,dr4 ,alex&] ,graham ,bell = 8 rese>*es into ! e>ly attempts at in/ruction 9 ,am]ica4 #aff ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,review1 vi41 #aijj1 pp4 #fe1 #ha1 #hb1 #ie4 ,see also ,association ,review1 ii41 #aijj1 p4 #ebg4 #afg ,see ,a4 ,g4 ,bell1 ,a ,philan?ropi/ ( ! ,la/ ,c5tury ,id5tifi$ z a ,bo/on ,man1 #aijj2 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 civ41 #ahfg1 p4 #eab2 ,annals1 i41 #ahdh1 p4 #ahi2 ix41 #aheg1 p4 #afi2 xii41 #ahfj1 p4 #beh2 xiii41 #ahfa1 p4 #a2 ,association ,review1 ii41 #aijj1 pp4 #db1 #aai4 ,9 "s ( ^! are giv5 lett]s ( ,gre5 appe>+ 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,palladium & ,columbian ,c5t9el1 ( ,bo/on1 & ! ,m$ical ,repository & ,review ( ,am]ican ,publications on ,m$ic9e1 ,surg]y & ! ,auxili>y ,bran*es ( ,sci5ce1 ( ,new ,york4 ,gre5 also publi%$ a translation ( de l',epee's ma9 "w & extracts f 8 o!r writ+s4 ,a review ( ,vox ,oculis ,subjecta appe>$ 9 ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 ,sept41 #aghc1 & 9 ! ,bo/on ,magaz9e1 ,dec41 #aghd1 ,jan41 #aghe4 #afh ,report ( ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahdc1 p4 #ag2 ,annals1 ix41 #aheg1 p4 #afh4 #afi ,at ?is "t ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,engl& 7 at w>1 & ,braidwood's adv5ture receiv$ (ficial notice 9 a p]mit f ! ,commiss>y ,g5]al ( ,prison]s to ! ,m>%al ( ,virg9ia4 #agj ,braidwood 0 9 communication ) ! promot]s ( ! s*ools n[ be+ organiz$ 9 ,h>t=d & ,new ,york4 #aga ,on ^! s*ools1 see ,hi/ory ( ,virg9ia ,s*ool1 #ahic1 p4 #c2 ,report1 #ahec1 p4 #be2 ,report ( ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahef1 p4 #ag2 ,annals1 ix41 #aheg1 p4 #agj2 xxi41 #ahgf1 p4 #acj2 ,association ,review1 ii41 #aijj1 pp4 #beg1 #che1 #dhi2 v41 #aijc1 p4 #djj4 ,9 ! la/ are giv5 adv]tisem5ts & notices conc]n+ ! s*ool f ! ,ri*mond ,enquir]1 ! ,pet]sburg ,republican1 & ,niles' ,weekly ,regi/]1 ( ,baltimore4 #agb ,among ^? :o _h giv5 ! matt] ?\ght 0 ,dr4 ,william ,?ornton ( ,philadelphia1 :o 9 #agic publi%$ ,cadmus3 a ,treatise on ! ,elem5ts ( ,writt5 ,language1 !re be+ an app5dix on ,a ,mode ( ,tea*+ ! ,deaf1 or ,surd1 & ,consequ5tly ,dumb1 to ,speak4 ,transactions ( ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 iii41 p4 #bfb1 z cit$ 9 ,association ,review1 ii41 #aijj1 p4 #aac4 ,see also ibid41 v41 #aijc1 p4 #djf2 ,annals1 i41 #ahdh1 p4 #aij4 ,he 0 ! fir/ writ] 9 ,am]ica ^u ! education ( ! deaf4 #agc ,by "s at ?is "t !re 7 n believ$ to be a suffici5t numb] ( ! deaf to ju/ify a s*ool1 & x 0 due to ?is ma9ly t ! inve/igation 0 made4 #agd ,funds to ! am\nt ( #b1bgh 7 subscrib$ be=e ! dep>ture ( ,gallaudet4 ,association ,review1 iii41 #aija1 p4 #cbi4 #age ,x is said t ,/eph5 ,gir>d decl9$ to contribute because ,philadelphia 0 n *os5 z ! site ( ! s*ool4 ,tribute to ,gallaudet1 p4 #aad4 #agf ,ibid41 p4 #aee4 #agg ,?is grant seems to h be5 us$ lat] = ! b5efit ( ,connecticut pupils4 #agh ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n ! fir/ appropriation to a b5evol5t in/itution4 ,! colony ( ,p5nsylvania 9 #agea _h vot$ an appropriation = c]ta9 ( its insane 9 a hospital to be op5$ ! foll[+ ye>1 :ile ,new ,york 9 #ahjf grant$ #ae1jjj = ! c>e ( its insane 9 a hospital4 ,virg9ia e/abli%$ its insane asylum at ,williamsburg 9 #aggc4 #agi ,see ,laws ( ,ma9e1 #ahbi1 p4 #bd4 #ahj ,annals1 iv41 #ahea1 p4 #fc2 ,national ,magaz9e1 ix41 #ahef1 p4 #dhi4 #aha ,tribute to ,gallaudet1 p4 #acf4 ,?is 0 also express$ 9 ! ,mission>y ,h]ald1 ,sept41 #ahbf1 quot$ 9 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,education1 i41 #ahbf1 p4 #fca4 ,at ! same "t caution 0 advis$ z to ! result1 z ! b5efit 0 to dep5d ^u ! sale ( ! l&4 #ahb ,report ( ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #ahbe1 p4 #e2 #ahcf1 p4 #bb4 #ahc ,9 #ahba /eps 7 tak5 to e/abli% a s*ool 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,a c5sus ( ! deaf *ildr5 9 ! /ate 0 made1 #bi be+ f\nd4 ,! s*ool "h1 h[ev]1 0 n />t$ till "s ye>s lat]4 ,see ,report ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,s*ool1 #aijd1 p4 #g4 ,9 nei!r ! case ( ?is /ate nor t ( ,georgia 0 ! numb] ( pupils annually s5t to ,h>t=d l>ge1 rang+ f #b to #h 9 ea*4 ,see ,report ( ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #ahce1 p4 #i2 ,georgia ,s*ool1 #ahgd1 p4 #aa2 ,am]ican ,annals ( ,education1 v41 #ahce1 p4 #ic4 ,a jo9t s*ool = ! s\?-ea/]n /ates 0 also contemplat$ at ?is "t4 #ahd ,!re 7 sev]al pupils "h support$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t1 :o 7 ! *ildr5 ( deceas$ vet]ans1 ! fir/ com+ f ,m>yl& 9 #ahai4 ,hi/ory ( ,m>yl& ,s*ool1 #ahic1 p4 #aa4 #ahe ,gallaudet rema9$ at ! head ( ! ,am]ican ,asylum1 z x 0 !n call$1 till #ahbh1 :5 he resign$4 ,he 0 engag$ !reaft] 9 v>i\s philan?ropic activities1 & 0 invit$ to lead 9 ! "w = ! education ( ! bl9d1 t[>ds :i* att5tion 0 n[ be+ direct$4 ,not)/&+ ! impairm5t ( 8 heal?1 8 diff]5t labors 7 cont9u$1 n ! lea/ ( :i* 0 8 (fice z *apla9 ( ! ,connecticut ,asylum = ! ,insane4 ,to ,?omas ,hopk9s ,gallaudet ,am]ica owes a r>e debt4 ,)\t him ! "w = ! deaf w\ld h be5 tak5 up ev5tually by o!r h&s1 b he br\ght to 8 task a disreg>d = ob/acles1 a spl5did idealism1 a f9e conception ( duty1 a complete =getfulness ( self1 a s+ul> beauty ( "*1 & a great human love t c\ld h exi/$ 9 b few o!r m54 #ahf ,!re 7 #ff f\nd 9 a v %ort "t4 #ahg ,volumes iii4 & iv4 ( ! ,association ,review 7#aija & #aijb7 conta9 mo/ int]e/+ acc\nts ( ^! fir/ s*ools1 ) extracts f e>ly reports1 lett]s ( ,dr4 ,cogswell1 ,gallaudet & o!rs2 extracts f ! ,h>t=d ,c\rant & ! ,connecticut ,mirror1 bo? urg+ ! importance ( ! s*ool e/abli%$ at ,h>t=d & ! ne$ ( contributions1 & ! latt] 79 ! issue ( ,m>* #bd1 #ahag7 giv+ ! conditions & t]ms ( admission2 also extracts f o!r pap]s1 z ! ,albany ,daily ,adv]tis]1 ! ,new ,york ,comm]cial ,adv]tis]1 ! ,g5]al ,aurora ,adv]tis]1 ,p\lson's ,am]ican ,daily ,advocate1 ! ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 ! ,freeman's ,j\rnal & ,columbian ,*ronicle1 ( ,philadelphia1 & ,niles' ,weekly ,regi/]1 ( ,baltimore4 ,see also ,e4 ,m4 ,gallaudet1 ,life ( ,?omas ,hopk9s ,gallaudet4 #ahh ,pub4 ,/at41 *4 #bd4 #ahi ,pupils 7 9 "t receiv$ "h f all ! ,s\!rn /ates4 ,hi/ory1 #ahic1 p4 #e4 #aij ,?is 0 to be call$ ,! ,we/]n ,asylum = ! ,education ( ! ,deaf & ,dumb4 ,an association 0 =m$1 & ! legislature 0 ask$ to incorporate ! s*ool4 ,9 #ahbb a c5sus 0 tak5 = all ! /ate except two c\nties1 :5 #dbh deaf p]sons 7 f\nd4 ,! s*ool 0 n e/abli%$ on ! gr\nd t x 0 too f> remov$ f ! c5t] ( ! /ate4 ,see ,annals1 v41 #ahec1 p4 #bba2 xxv41 #ahhj1 p4 #cj2 ,report ( ,ohio ,s*ool1 #ahgf1 p4 #cj4 #aia ,a s*ool "u ,roman ,ca?olic auspices 0 e/abli%$ ne> ,/4 ,l\is 9 #ahcg4 #aib ,report ( ,indiana ,s*ool1 #ahea1 p4 #bf4 ,see also ,annals1 vi41 #ahed1 p4 #aej4 ,?is honor is also to be %>$ 9 by ! /ate ( ,ohio4 ,9 #ahdd1 or f\r ye>s be=e ! action ( ,indiana1 ! laws prohibit+ ! tru/ees f receiv+ m ?an a c]ta9 numb] ( indig5t pupils 9 "o ye> at ! exp5se ( ! /ate 7 repeal$1 & ! tru/ees 7 au?oriz$ to admit suitable pupils1 z !y might deem necess>y & prop]4 ,?is probably _h ! effect ( all[+ all pupils free att5dance1 ?\gh x rema9$ ) ! tru/ees to decide4 ,! =mal removal ( limitations respect+ indig5t pupils did n take place till #ahed4 #aic ,a society 0 =m$ = ! purpose1 a *>t] secur$ f ! legislature1 & ,congress petition$ = l&4 ,annals1 xiii41 #ahfh1 p4 #bcc4 #aid ,hi/ory1 #ahic1 p4 #i4 #aie ,9 ,m>yl&1 = in/ance1 we f9d an e>ly appropriation = ^? tea*able4 ,! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,education tells ( ! wond] on ! "p ( ! legislators ( ,massa*usetts :5 a class ( deaf-mutes 0 exhibit$ 9 _! pres5ce1 iv41 #ahbi1 p4 #gh4 #aif ,p4 #e4 #aig ,see ,sket* ( ,orig9 & ,progress ( ! ,in/itution = ! ,deaf & ,dumb 9 ,p5nsylvania1 #ahba4 #aih ,report1 #ahfg1 p4 #ab4 #aii ,see ,annals1 iii41 #ahea1 p4 #abc1 quot+ f ! ,bo/on ,congregationali/4 #bjj ,hi/ory1 #ahic1 p4 #c4 #bja ,see ,report ( ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #ahbc1 p4 #e2 #ahbd1 p4 #aj2 #ahdj1 pp4 #e1 #bd2 ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahbi1 p4 #ag2 ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #ahci1 p4 #f2 ,ill9ois ,s*ool1 #ahef1 p4 #aj2 ,report ( ,select ,committee to ,visit ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #ahch1 p4 #c4 #bjb ,x is int]e/+ to note t ( ! fir/ f\r in/itutions incorporat$ 9 ,new ,york1 ! purposes are ?us respectively giv53 to af=d ! necess>y means ( in/ruction to ! deaf & dumb1 & also provide = ! support & ma9t5ance ( ^? ^: p>5ts are unable2 to aid & in/ruct ! deaf & dumb2 to in/ruct & support2 & to receive1 c>e =1 support & educate4 #bjc ,hi/ory1 #ahic1 p4 #d4 ,see also ,annals1 vi41 #ahec1 p4 #bcd4 #bjd ,acc\nt ( ,orig9 & ,progress ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #ahba1 pp4 #d1 #g4 ,see also ,sket* ( ,orig9 & ,progress1 etc41 #ahba1 p4 #d2 ,report ( ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #ahge1 p4 #bb4 #bje ,by ,silvanus ,mill]1 #ahai1 p4 #ae4 #bjf #ahai1 p4 #ca 7repr9t ( #ahid74 #bjg #ahci1 p4 #e4 #bjh #ahfb1 p4 #e4 #bji #ahec1 p4 #bj4 #baj #ahdh1 p4 #c4 #baa i41 #ahce1 p4 #acf4 #bab ,jan41 #ah1 #ahag4 ,quot$ 9 ,association ,review1 iii41 #aija1 p4 #dcd4 #bac ,address at ,proce$+s ( ,lay+ ( ,corn] ,/one1 #ahdh1 p4 #ac4 #bad ,m>* #a1 #ahbg4 ,quot$ 9 ,report ( ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahbg1 p4 #ai4 #bae ,by ,lewis ,weld1 #ahbh1 p4 #c4 #baf ,report ( ,select ,committee ( #ah? ,congress1 #a/ sess41 ^u a ,memorial to ,give ,l&1 etc41 #ahbd1 p4 #ab4 #bag ,quot$ 9 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,education1 i41 #ahbf1 p4 #dcb4 #bah #ahbg1 p4 #aj4 #bai #ahcd1 p4 #e4 #bbj ,address ( ,silvanus ,mill]1 loc4 cit4 #bba #ahfc1 p4 #ag4 #bbb ,quot$ 9 ,hi/ory1 #ahic1 p4 #f4 ,= o!r acc\nts ( ! condition ( ! deaf )\t education & ! bless+s to be obta9$ f x1 see ,report ( ,k5tucky ,s*ool1 #ahbd1 p4 #aj2 ,ohio ,s*ool1 #ahdb1 p4 #ac2 ,kansas ,s*ool1 #ahgj1 p4 #ab2 ,hi/ory ( ,mississippi ,s*ool1 #ahic1 p4 #c2 ,s\?we/]n ,s*ool ,j\rnal 7,t5nessee71 i41 #ahdh1 p4 #di2 ,j4 ,h4 ,tyl]1 ,duty & ,advantages ( ! ,education ( ! ,deaf1 etc41 #ahdc2 ,s]mon by ,john ,summ]field1 9 behalf ( ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahbb2 ,disc\rse ( ,samuel ,l4 ,mit*ell1 ,pron\nc$ at ,reque/ ( ,society = ,in/ruction ( ! ,deaf & ,dumb1 ,new ,york1 #ahah2 ,addresses ( ,joseph ,h4 ,lane & ,eb5ez] ,demore/1 be=e ,legislature ( ,indiana1 #ahea4 #bbc ,h>vey ,pr9dle ,peet1 at fir/ ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 #ahej1 p4 #ada4 ,see also ,annals1 iii41 #ahej1 p4 #afj4 #bbd xxxviii41 p4 #ceg4 #bbe ,:5 ! acc\nts ( brave endeavor1 & ! rolls ( ^? inflam$ = human s]vice1 are f9ally made up1 high inde$ w /& ! names ( ,?omas ,hopk9s ,gallaudet1 ,lewis ,weld1 ,john ,a4 ,jacobs1 ,abraham ,b4 ,hutton1 ,h>vey ,p4 ,peet1 ,coll9s ,/one1 ,horatio ,n4 ,hubbell1 ,?omas ,mc,intyre1 ,luz]ne ,rae1 ,b>abas ,m4 ,fay1 ,david ,e4 ,b>tlett1 ,william ,w4 ,turn]1 ,newton ,p4 ,walk]1 ,jacob ,van ,no/r&1 ,william ,d4 ,k]r1 & o!rs bo? ( ^? :o work$ ) !m & :o foll[$ 9 _! /eps4 #bbf ,:]e ! in/itutions 7 "u regul>ly *>t]$ societies1 ^! dues 7 usually fix$ at #e1 ) life memb]%ip at #ej1 ?\gh ! size ( ! fees v>i$ 9 ! diff]5t s*ools4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,s*ool ! (fice ( vice-presid5t 0 creat$ = ^? pay+ #bjj4 ,9 "s ( ^! s*ools ! fees prov$ ( consid]able assi/ance4 #bbg ,! c\rse ( provision may be illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( ! ,ohio ,s*ool4 ,9 #ahbi1 at ! beg9n+1 an indig5t pupil 0 to be admitt$ f ea* ( ! n9e judicial di/ricts ( ! /ate1 to be select$ by ! bo>d ( tru/ees f p]sons recomm5d$ by ! associate judges ( ! c\nties :]e !y reside4 ,9 #ahcj ! numb] 0 increas$ to eighte51 9 #ahcb to tw5ty-sev51 9 #ahcd to =ty-eight1 & 9 #ahce to sixty4 ,9 #ahdd all suitable applicants 7 to be receiv$1 & 9 #ahed all limitations z to f9ancial ability 7 remov$4 #bbh ,9 _m in/ances ! s*ool = ! deaf 0 ! fir/ b5evol5t or humane in/itution creat$ by ! /ate4 #bbi ,9 sev]al in/ances a deaf man himself came to a community & organiz$ a s*ool4 #bcj ,mr4 ,e4 ,s4 ,till+ha/1 ( ! ,oregon ,s*ool1 9 a lett] to ! writ]4 ,see also ,report ( ,oregon ,s*ool1 #ahhj1 p4 #d4 #bca ,on ef=ts to secure s*ools1 see ,s\!rn ,lit]>y ,mess5g]1 i41 #ahce1 pp4 #acd1 #bja4 #bcb ,x is to be not$ t "s ( ! old] s*ools did n look ) favor ^u ! rapid increase 9 ! numb] ( ! s*ools4 ,! creation ( _m new ones 0 sometimes advis$ aga9/1 x be+ decl>$ t ! exi/+ ones c\ld answ] = all ! c\ntry1 & t pupils w\ld ga9 by att5d+ !m4 ,see ,report ( ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #ahcj1 app5dix1 p4 #ad2 ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #ahbd1 p4 #f2 #ahbf1 p4 #d4 #bcc ,9 "s cases pa!tic appeals 7 made = money4 ,see ,address be=e ,new ,york ,=um 9 behalf ( ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahai2 ,disc\rse pron\nc$ at ,reque/ ( ,society = ! ,in/ruction ( ! ,deaf & ,dumb1 app5dix 7address to ! public71 #ahah2 ,circul> ( ,presid5t & ,directors ( ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahah2 ,addresses to ,contributors to ! ,p5nsylvania ,asylum1 #ahba2 ,report ( ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #ahbf1 app5dix1 p4 #ai4 #bcd ,9 ,new ,york exhibits ( pupils 7 giv5 9 a score ( cities & t[ns1 9 a ?ird ( :i* !re 7 repetitions4 ,annals1 xviii41 #ahgc1 p4 #hj4 ,9 ,ill9ois !re 7 m ?an two score exhibits giv51 witness$ by "s #ej1jjj p]sons4 ,report ( ,ill9ois ,s*ool1 #ahfh1 p4 #cf4 #bce ,9 connection ) ! ,new ,york ,in/itution !re 0 a society call$ ! ,new ,york ,female ,association1 to aid 9 giv+ support & in/ruction to ! indig5t deaf & dumb1 :i* la/$ f #ahbe to #ahce4 ,x rais$ 9 "o ye> #abjj = unsuccessful applicants4 ,see ,address & ,con/itution1 #ahcj2 ,report ( ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahbf1 p4 #f4 #bcf ,see ,report ( ,mississippi ,s*ool1 #ahgb1 p4 #ag2 ,annals1 ix41 #aheg1 p4 #agh4 #bcg ,9 a few in/ances1 z 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ! c\nties 7 au?oriz$ to raise funds by a special tax4 #bch ,aid 0 bes\ght ( ! national gov]nm5t by a numb] ( s*ools4 ,9 #ahbf ,congress 0 ask$ = ! end[m5t ( ! in/itutions !n 9 be+ :i* _h n already be5 assi/$4 ,see ,address ( ,lewis ,weld 9 ! ,capitol 9 ,wa%+ton1 #ahbh1 p4 #h4 ,9 #ahcc ! ,s5ate pass$ bills grant+ l& to ! s*ools 9 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania & ,ohio1 b ^! fail$ to be act$ ^u 9 ! ,h\se4 ,proce$+s ( ,lay+ ( ,corn] ,/one ( ,ohio ,in/itution1 #ahfd2 ,report ( ,ohio ,s*ool1 #ahfi1 p4 #eb4 ,lat] !re 7 applications f individual s*ools1 mo/ seek+ grants ( l&4 ,reque/s came f ,v]mont1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 ,ohio1 ,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91 & ,nebraska4 ,a t[n%ip 0 usually desir$1 ?\gh ,v]mont ask$ = #aj1jjj acres = ! b5efit ( a hospital = ! insane & = ! education ( ! deaf & bl9d4 ,see ,laws ( ,v]mont1 #ahea1 no4 #ha2 ,new ,j]sey1 #ahbc1 p4 #abd2 ,report ( ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahdf1 p4 #ad2 ,mi*igan ,s*ool1 #aheh1 p4 #df2 ,hi/ory ( ,wiscons9 ,s*ool1 #ahic1 p4 #f2 ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 i41 #ahej1 p4 #aga4 #bci ,9 ,indiana sev]al cities made ef=ts to secure ! s*ool4 ,9 ,bloom+ton #d1jjj 0 rais$1 & an (f] ext5d$ ( a special local tax levy ( "o c5t on #ajj ( prop]ty = its b5efit4 ,annals1 vi41 #ahed1 p4 #aej4 #bdj ,?us 9 ,kansas ! s*ool 0 e/abli%$ on condition t #bj acres be grant$ = a site1 & #aej = its b5efit2 9 ,m9nesota t #dj acres be provid$2 & 9 ,colorado t #e be provid$4 ,9 ,indiana ! s*ool 0 fir/ only provisionally locat$ by ! /atute4 #bda ,9 "o or two in/ances contract s*ools 7 provid$ =1 ! manag]s receiv+ a c]ta9 am\nt f ! /ate & res]v+ ! balance left aft] ! paym5t ( exp5ses z _! comp5sation4 ,?is plan1 h[ev]1 did n cont9ue long1 & 0 g5]ally condemn$4 ,see ,annals1 iii41 #ahea1 p4 #cd4 #bdb ,9 ,k5tucky ! s*ool 0 plac$ "u ! tru/ees ( ,c5tre ,college at ,danville1 & s rema9$ = fifty ye>s4 #bdc ,! s*ools 9 ,indiana & ,t5nessee 7 compell$ = f9ancial reasons to close = six mon?s1 & t 9 ,oregon = eight mon?s1 %ortly aft] !y _h be5 op5$4 ,report ( ,t5nessee ,s*ool1 #ahdg1 p4 #i2 ,hi/ory ( ,oregon ,s*ool1 #ahic1 p4 #d2 ,annals1 x41 #aheh1 p4 #ajf4 ,to add to ! difficulties 9 "s in/ances1 0 ! belief t n en\gh deaf *ildr5 c\ld be assembl$ = a s*ool4 #bdd ,! numb] 9 ! beg9n+ at ! ,k5tucky & ,texas s*ools 0 #c1 at ! ,new ,york & ,ill9ois #d1 at ! ,indiana & ,t5nessee #f1 at ! ,h>t=d #g1 & at ! ,ohio & ,miss\ri #a4 #bde ,on ! difficulty 9 gett+ ! pupils 91 see ,report ( ,i[a ,s*ool1 #ahfe1 p4 #ab2 #ahfh1 p4 #h2 ,arkansas ,s*ool1 #ahgb1 p4 #ae2 ,indiana ,s*ool1 #ahgg1 p4 #ae2 ,k5tucky ,s*ool1 #ahdf1 p4 #a2 ,we/ ,virg9ia ,s*ool1 #ahgi1 p4 #aj2 ,ill9ois ,s*ool1 #ahed1 p4 #aa2 ,wiscons9 ,s*ool1 #ahei1 p4 #ae2 ,annals1 iv41 #aheb1 p4 #bda4 #bdf ,see ,report ( ,mi*igan ,s*ool1 #ahgd1 p4 #dc4 #bdg ,9 _m ( ! s*ools !re 01 & /ill is1 a =mal requirem5t ( good "*4 #bdh ,9 "s ( ! /ates ! pupils 7 long kn[n z b5efici>ies4 ,! p[] ( appo9tm5t 0 n infrequ5tly ve/$ 9 ! gov]nor ( ! /ate4 #bdi ,9 ,t5nessee a *>ge 0 at fir/ made = bo>d1 ) ! result t no pupil appe>$2 & aft] a mon? or two ?is 0 remov$4 ,report ( ,t5nessee ,s*ool1 #ahde1 p4 #ad2 ,annals1 ix41 #aheg1 p4 #aah4 ,see also ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 iii41 #ahec1 p4 #afi4 ,z to ! desirability ( free transportation1 see ,report ( ,ohio ,s*ool1 #ahdc1 p4 #aa4 #bej ,at ! ,am]ican ,s*ool a *>ge ( #bjj 0 laid = ea* pupil at fir/4 ,?is 0 r$uc$ aft] a "t to #aej1 !n to #aae1 !n to #ajj1 & f9ally remov$ altoge!r4 #bea ,9 ,massa*usetts ! law = a numb] ( ye>s all[$ no applications "u f\rte51 :ile 9 ,georgia ! age limits = pupils s5t to ,connecticut 7 f t5 to =ty4 ,at ! fir/ ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 x 0 agre$ t x 0 n exp$i5t to receive pupils "u t51 :ile twelve 0 consid]$ m suitable4 ,proce$+s1 i41 #ahej1 p4 #bbc4 ,on ! ages ( admission & att5dance1 see ,annals1 v41 #aheb1 p4 #ada2 xviii41 #ahgc1 p4 #agf2 ,report ( ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #ahcc1 p4 #bc2 ,i[a ,s*ool1 #ahfe1 p4 #aa2 ,indiana ,s*ool1 #ahga1 p4 #ai2 ,miss\ri ,s*ool1 #ahef1 p4 #ad2 ,proce$+s ( ,conf]5ce ( ,pr9cipals1 i41 #ahfh1 p4 #dc2 ,docum5ts ( ,s5ate ( ,new ,york1 #ahch1 no4 #be 7,report ( ,secret>y ( ,/ate on ,relation to ,deaf & ,dumb74 #beb ,h[ well ,am]ica has p]=m$ its duty t[>ds ! deaf has be5 g5]ally recogniz$ 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,9 ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica 7elev5? edition7 ! deaf ( ,am]ica are ref]r$ to z ! be/ educat$ deaf 9 ! _w4 ,a ,g]man op9ion is t ,am]ica has giv5 special att5tion to ! c>e & education ( deaf-mutes4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 vii41 #aijb1 p4 #ecb4 ,see also ,g4 ,f]r]i1 ,am]ican ,in/itutions = ! ,education ( ! ,deaf1 #aijh2 ,education ( ,deaf ,*ildr51 ,evid5ce ( ,e4 ,m4 ,gallaudet & ,a4 ,g4 ,bell1 ,pres5t$ to ,royal ,commission ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom on ,condition ( ! ,bl9d1 ! ,deaf & ,dumb1 etc41 #ahib2 ,e4 ,m4 ,gallaudet1 ,report on ,deaf-,mute ,in/itutions 9 ! ,am]ican ,commission at ! ,vi5na ,int]national ,exhibit1 #ahgc1 ,report ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission]s1 #ahgf1 ii42 ,j4 ,c4 ,gordon1 ,notes & ,obs]vations ^u ! ,education ( ,deaf ,*ildr51 #ahib2 ,e4 ,e4 ,all51 ,education ( ,defectives 9 ,education 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aijj2 ,e4 ,g4 ,dext]1 ,hi/ory ( ,education 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aijf1 p4 #dgj2 ,g4 ,g4 ,smi?1 ,social ,pa?ology1 #aiaa1 p4 #bde2 ,cyclop$ia ( ,education1 #aiaa1 p4 #beg2 ,education1 xviii41 #ahih1 p4 #dag2 ,w4 ,h4 ,addison1 ,report ( a ,visit to ,"s ( ! ,am]ican ,s*ools = ! ,deaf 7! ,mosely ,commission71 #aijg2 ,association ,review1 ii41 #aijj1 pp4 #gj1 #aei1 #bgc2 xi41 #aiji1 p4 #die2 ,annals1 xliv41 #ahii1 pp4 #agg1 #cdb1 #dci2 xlv41 #aijj1 pp4 #af1 #abf1 #bje1 #big4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,in/itutions ,,& ,,g5]al ,,provisions ,,arrangem5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,/ates ,provision = ! education ( ! deaf is made by ! diff]5t /ates z a g5]al rule 9 local in/itutions4 ,9 only f\r /ates are deaf *ildr5 s5t at public exp5se to a s*ool outside = _! in/ruction3 ,delaw>e1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,nevada1 & ,wyom+4 ,9 ^!1 ow+ to _! comp>atively small populations1 x has be5 consid]$ m economical & satisfactory to contract ) ! s*ool 9 an adjo9+ /ate4 ,9 ea* ( ! o!r /ates !re is at lea/ "o in/itution1 or sixty-five 9 all4 ,9 ,connecticut & ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia#bec !re are two1 9 ,massa*usetts ?ree1 9 ,p5nsylvania f\r1 & 9 ,new ,york eight4 ,9 "s ( ^! ! s*ools are di/ribut$ ov] ! /ate ! bett] to rea* all ! pupils4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn /ates !re are usually sep>ate dep>tm5ts 9 ! regul> in/itutions = *ildr5 ( ! color$ race1#bed b 9 "s !re are special arrangem5ts4 ,9 ,virg9ia !re is "o s*ool = ! :ite deaf & bl9d1 & ano!r = ! color$4 ,9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a !re is a s*ool = ! :ite deaf1 & ano!r = ! bl9d ) a dep>tm5t = ! color$ deaf & bl9d4 ,9 ,alabama1 ,m>yl&1 ,oklahoma1 & ,texas ea* !re is a s*ool = ! :ite deaf & ano!r = ! color$ deaf & bl9d4#bee ,9 ne>ly all ! /ates ^! s*ools are /rictly public in/itutions1 own$ by ! /ate & support$ :olly by taxation1 & are "u ! direct control & sup]vision ( ! legislature4 ,9 a few ( ! ,ea/]n /ates ! in/itutions are 9 private h&s & op]at$ "u _! imm$iate direction1 & 9 "s cases support$ 9 "p by end[m5t funds1 b at ! same "t receiv+ appropriations f ! /ate1 & subject to its au?ority & g5]al ov]sight4 ,!y are ?us semi-public or quasi-public in/itutions1 & w ne$ a brief sep>ate treatm5t1 z w also ! dual s*ools1 :]e ! deaf & bl9d are educat$ toge!r4 ,,semi-,,public ,,in/itutions ,! semi-public in/itutions are sev5te5 9 numb]1 & are f\nd 9 six /ates3 ,connecticut1 ,m>yl&1#bef ,massa*usetts1 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1#beg & ,v]mont4 ,in/itutions 9 ^! /ates h rema9$ private corporations f ! "t !y 7 e/abli%$1 "s ( !m be+1 z we h se51 ! fir/ s*ools t 7 creat$ = ! deaf4 ,a c]ta9 numb] 7 especially favor$ by private munific5ce at _! beg9n+1 & cont9u$ to be support$ by private funds till ! /ate came to _! aid & und]took to assi/ by regul> appropriations4 ,o!r s*ools h be5 simil>ly organiz$1 b h always dep5d$ l>gely on ! appropriations f ! /ate4 ,all ( !m are 9 ! h&s ( societies1#beh organiz$ & *>t]$ z corporations "u ! laws ( ! /ate4 ,9 "s cases memb]%ip is op5 to ^? int]e/$ on ! paym5t ( ! regul> dues or fees4#bei ,^! in/itutions1 :ile corporate bodies1 are "u ! au?ority & sup]vision ( ! /ate4 ,_! relation to ! /ate & ! conditions "u :i* !y exi/ may be und]/ood f _! position 9 ,new ,york4 ,"h ! in/itutions 7 *>t]$ by ! /ate z b5evol5t societies1 ! build+s & gr\nds be+ pres5t$1 or ! money = !m collect$1 by ! tru/ees1 & ! prop]ty rev]t+ to ! /ate if ali5at$ to ano!r use4#bfj ,^! s*ools are all subsidiz$ f ! /ate treasury 9 p] capita all[ances = ! pupils receiv$2#bfa & to "s1 especially ! new] ones1 !re are g5]al appropriations f "t to "t = build+s & ! l4 ,! regul> grants1 h[ev]1 are (t5 n suffici5t = ! co/ ( ma9t5ance1 :i* means t ! in/itutions are in/ruct+ ! *ildr5 ( ! /ate1 & ma9ta9+ !m1 at a co/ to :i* ! /ate contributes only a "p4 ,su* balances are cov]$ f ! end[m5t funds & private donations1 b x w\ld seem t ! /ate gets a good b>ga9 f ! transaction4#bfb ,on ! o!r h&1 x is to be rememb]$ 9 connection ) ^! s*ools t 9 ! matt] ( ! education ( c]ta9 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /ate ?is duty is turn$ ov] to a private society4 ,an anomal\s situation1 x w\ld seem1 is ?us creat$1 ! /ate abdicat+ "o ( its mo/ important functions z n[ conceiv$4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 is n ( great practical mom5t1 & ! matt] may be lik5$ to ! g5]al policy ( ! /ate :5 x contracts out = any ( its "w to be done4 ,if economy & effici5cy are secur$1 x is felt t !re c be little gr\nd = objection4 ,a m important "q arises 9 ! matt] ( ! grant+ ( public money to a private in/itution4 ,! matt] ( su* /ate subsidies has already receiv$ consid]able discussion1#bfc & may receive ev5 m att5tion 9 ! future4 ,not)/&+1 ^! private in/itutions = ! deaf 7 l>gely organiz$ be=e ! pres5t attitude 9 ! matt]3 !y h 9 "s cases really anticipat$ ! duty ( ! /ate1 & 9 a g5]al consid]ation ( ! subject w\ld probably be ! la/ to be condemn$4 ,,dual ,,s*ools ,dual s*ools1 t is1 s*ools 9 :i* !re are dep>tm5ts bo? = ! deaf & ! bl9d1 are f\nd 9 t5 /ates3 ,cali=nia1 ,colorado1 ,florida1 ,idaho1 ,montana1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,utah1 ,v]mont1 ,virg9ia1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia4#bfd ,9 a numb] ( o!r /ates ! deaf & ! bl9d 7 = a c]ta9 p]iod educat$ toge!r1 ei!r ! two classes be+ provid$ = jo9tly f ! fir/ or a dep>tm5t = ! bl9d be+ lat] creat$2 b 9 "t 9 ^! ! two classes h be5 sep>at$1 & di/9ct s*ools = ! bl9d set up4#bfe ,z a g5]al ?+1 ?is arrangem5t ( hav+ ! deaf & ! bl9d toge!r 9 "o s*ool has be5 reg>d$ z un=tunate1 & educators ( bo? classes h prote/$ aga9/ x4 ,! "q has ?us be5 /at$3 ,! deaf & ! bl9d h no?+ 9 common 9 ! matt] ( education1 & ! br++ ( ! two classes toge!r is a prolific s\rce ( friction & compromise4#bff ,! bl9d1 x seems1 are ! wor/ suff]]s1 z !y are 9 a m9ority1 are (t5 consid]$ only a dep>tm5t or class 9 an in/itution design$ prim>ily = ! deaf1 & consequ5tly receive less att5tion ?an !y %\ld4#bfg ,h[ev]1 ?is arrangem5t has n be5 adopt$ z a delib]ate policy on ! "p ( ! /ate3 r1 x 0 begun :5 ! s*ool 0 "y1 pupils ( bo? classes few1 & "o plant 0 ?\ght adequate2 & 0 all[$ to cont9ue z a make%ift till sep>ate s*ools c\ld be creat$4 ,z ! /ates h gr[n 9 population & res\rces1 mo/ h se5 ! wisdom ( sev]+ ! bl9d f ! deaf2 & ev5 9 ! /ates :]e ! dual s*ool is reta9$ x is probably only a "q ( "t till provision w be made = ! sep>ate education ( ! two classes1 & ev5tually !re w be indep5d5t s*ools = ea* 9 all ! /ates4 ,,provision ,,= ,,! ,,deaf-,,bl9d ,9 #ahbd at ! s*ool = ! deaf at ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut1 ! fir/ deaf-bl9d pupil 9 ,am]ica began to receive in/ruction4 ,to-day ! names ( c]ta9 illu/ri\s deaf-bl9d p]sons are kn[n ov] ! civiliz$ _w4#bfh ,su* *ildr5 are provid$ = at pres5t m (t5 9 s*ools = ! deaf ?an 9 s*ools = ! bl9d1 only "o or two s*ools = ! latt] class in/ruct+ !m4 ,! deaf-bl9d1 h[ev]1 d n =m a l>ge class1 & only 9 a small numb] ( s*ools are !y to be f\nd4#bfi ,9 c]ta9 cases :]e ! s*ool is only = ! deaf1 special p]mission ) a special appropriation has to be obta9$1 b !re has be5 little difficulty met "h f ! legislatures4 ,to c]ta9 ( ! deaf-bl9d individual b5efactions h be5 made1 z legacies1 donations & subscriptions1 sometimes giv5 to ! in/itutions to hold 9 tru/2 & 9 "s cases ^! funds are = life4 ,,provision ,,= ,,! ,,feeble-,,m9d$ ,,deaf ,9 _m ( ! s*ools = ! deaf a problem has aris5 9 connection ) a numb] ( feeble-m9d$ *ildr5 m or less defective 9 spee* or he>+ :o h s\ght to ga9 admittance4 ,educators ( ! deaf h be5 call$ ^u to give consid]able att5tion to ?is class1 & x has be5 a s]i\s "q :at to d ) !m4#bgj ,_m ( ^? :o h appli$ at ! in/itutions h be5 d5i$4 ,"s h be5 all[$ to ent]1 & _! pres5ce 9 ! s*ools has con/itut$ a difficult problem4#bga ,x is felt by ^? conc]n$ 9 ! education ( ! deaf t !y are out ( place "h1 & t !y %\ld be remov$ to a regul> in/itution = ! feeble-m9d$1 or %\ld o!rwise be specially provid$ =4#bgb ,,gov]nm5t ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,in/itutions ,! gov]nm5t ( s*ools = ! deaf is practically ! same 9 ! diff]5t /ates4 ,!y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 ! h&s ( bo>ds ( tru/ees1 bo>ds ( directors1 bo>ds ( manag]s1 or bo>ds ( visitors1 z !y are v>i\sly t]m$4 ,! semi-public in/itutions1 z we h se51 7 />t$ z private conc]ns "u private bo>ds ( directors4 ,^! bo>ds /ill exi/1 & control ! affairs ( ! in/itutions1 hav+ full p[]s b subject to su* regulation z ! /ate may direct4 ,su* bo>ds are usually self-p]petuat+ bodies1 ?\gh 9 "s cases ! gov]nor has be5 all[$ to "n a "p4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,s*ool ! gov]nors & secret>ies ( /ate ( ! ,new ,engl& /ates are ex-(ficio directors4 ,9 ! case ( "s s*ools1 z ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 :]e memb]%ip is op5 to any "o on ! paym5t ( ! dues1 ! gov]n+ bo>d is elect$ by ! memb]s ( ! society or corporation4#bgc ,9 all ^! bo>ds ! memb]s s]ve )\t comp5sation4 ,_! size v>ies consid]ably1 b !y are usually l>ge1 hav+ 9 "s cases ov] tw5ty memb]s4#bgd ,:]e ! s*ool is /rictly a /ate in/itution1 ! bo>d is usually appo9t$ by ! gov]nor1 sometimes ) ! approval ( ! /ate s5ate4#bge ,9 a few cases ! bo>ds are elect$ by ! legislature1 z 9 ,georgia & ,t5nessee4 ,9 ,montana appo9tm5t is made by ! /ate bo>d ( education4 ,9 sev]al ( ! /ates ! gov]nor or "s o!r public (fic]1 mo/ (t5 ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction1 is a memb] ex-(ficio4#bgf ,^! bo>ds also z a rule s]ve )\t comp5sation1 & are paid only = exp5ses actually incurr$4#bgg ,_! size is small] ?an t ( ! corporate bo>ds1 usually consi/+ ( f ?ree to sev5 memb]s1 ?\gh 9 a few cases !y may g beyond ! latt] figure4 ,!y are appo9t$ to s]ve two1 ?ree1 f\r or five ye>s1 & 9 a few cases ev5 long]4 ,9 /ates :]e ! memb]s are elect$ by ! legislature1 ! t]m is usually indef9ite2 & 9 "o or two /ates1 z 9 ,alabama1 ! bo>d is self-p]petuat+4#bgh ,9 eight /ates ! in/itutions are "u special bo>ds ( _! own1 )\t sup]vision or regulation f o!r bodies3 ,alabama1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,georgia1 ,mississippi1 ,new ,mexico1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,texas1 & ,utah4 ,9 eighte5 /ates ! s*ools are "u special bo>ds ( tru/ees1 :ile ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities--or :atev] ! (ficial title--may visit1 inspect1 sup]vise1 advise1 or may o!rwise be connect$ ) !m3 ,cali=nia1 ,connecticut1 ,idaho1 ,indiana1 ,l\isiana1 ,ma9e1 ,m>yl&1 ,mi*igan1 ,m9nesota1 ,miss\ri1 ,montana1 ,new ,york1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,oklahoma1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,t5nessee1 ,virg9ia1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,x may be not$ t su* c5tral bo>ds--includ+ ! /ate bo>ds ( control--are f\nd 9 ?irty-n9e /ates1 & 9 all b five h "s connection ) ! s*ools4#bgi ,9 elev5 /ates ! s*ools are directly "u ! /ate bo>ds ( control1 c5tral bo>ds or bodies ) simil> p[]s1 no special or local bo>d int]v5+3 ,arkansas1 ,florida1 ,ill9ois1 ,i[a1 ,nebraska1 ,nor? ,dakota1 ,ohio1 ,oregon1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,wiscons94#bhj ,9 "s ( ! /ates1 on ! o!r h&1 ! s*ools are relat$ to ! /ate dep>tm5t ( education4 ,9 f\r /ates !y are "u bo>ds ( tru/ees1 ) sup]vision only by ?is dep>tm5t3 ,colorado1 ,k5tucky1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,rhode ,isl&4 ,9 ,idaho & ,new ,j]sey ! s*ools are directly "u ! dep>tm5t1#bha ?\gh 9 ! =m] !re is also connection ) ano!r /ate bo>d4 ,9 ,montana ! bo>d ( tru/ees is appo9t$ by ! dep>tm5t4 ,9 ,indiana & ,oklahoma ! s*ools h bo>ds ( tru/ees & are "u ! dep>tm5t ( education1 b ) inspection also by ! dep>tm5t ( *>ities4 ,9 ,new ,york & ,nor? ,c>ol9a !re is sup]vision bo? by ! dep>tm5t ( education & ( *>ities4 ,9 sev]al /ates ! bo>d ( tru/ees includes ! /ate sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction z a memb] ex-(ficio1 z 9 ,alabama1 ,l\isiana1 ,m9nesota1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,t5nessee1 & ,virg9ia4 ,9 ,kansas ! s*ool is "u ! /ate bo>d ( adm9i/ration = educational in/itutions1 includ+ ! univ]sity1 normal s*ool & agricultural college1 & 9 ,florida ! s*ool is "u ! bo>d ( control ( /ate educational in/itutions1 :ile 9 ,arizona ! s*ool is a dep>tm5t ( ! /ate univ]sity4#bhb ,,proc$ure ,,9 ,,/ates ,,)\t ,,in/itutions ,9 /ates :]e pupils are s5t to s*ools outside ! /ate1 appo9tm5ts & commitm5ts are usually made 9 ! ,ea/ by ! respective gov]nors1 & 9 ! ,we/ by ! bo>ds ( education or ( *>ities4 ,9 ,delaw>e ! gov]nor appo9ts pupils to outside s*ools1 ! /ate supreme c\rt hav+ fir/ recomm5d$4 ,9 ,new ,hamp%ire ! gov]nor recomm5ds1 :ile ! *ildr5 are plac$ by ! bo>d ( control4#bhc ,9 ,wyom+ ! education ( deaf *ildr5 is direct$ by ! bo>d ( *>ities & re=ms1 & 9 ,nevada by ! /ate dep>tm5t ( education4#bhd ,,footnotes3 #bec ,! two in/itutions "h are ! ,k5dall ,s*ool & ,gallaudet ,college1 ?\gh bo? really =m :at is kn[n z ! ,columbia ,in/itution4 #bed ,9 ,l\isiana full action has n be5 tak5 z yet = ! creation ( a special s*ool = ! color$ deaf1 ?\gh ?is may be expect$ soon4 ,see ,message ( ,gov]nor1 #aijh1 p4 #gh4 ,9 reg>d to ! value ( ! s*ools = ! color$1 ! op9ion ( ! heads ( ! s*ools 9 ! ,s\!rn /ates has be5 asc]ta9$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,*>ities ( ,l\isiana4 ,! wisdom ( ! policy 0 agre$ 9 by all1 & ! s*ools 7 report$ z do+ well1 z 7 _! graduates4 ,by "o sup]9t5d5t x 0 /at$ t ignorance is co/ly to ! /ate 9 m ways ?an "o4 ,report1 #aijg1 p4 #dc4 #bee ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ,we/ ,virg9ia color$ *ildr5 are s5t to ,m>yl& = education4 #bef ,! ,m>yl& ,s*ool approa*es m ne>ly a /ate in/itution1 ?\gh x is "u a self-p]petuat+ body ( tru/ees4 #beg ,two s*ools 9 ,p5nsylvania are entirely /ate in/itutions1 ! ,home = ! ,tra9+ 9 ,spee* & ! ,p5nsylvania ,oral ,s*ool4 #beh ,9 a few in/itutions !re are aid or auxili>y societies compos$ ( ladies1 usually ab\t fifte5 9 numb]1 z 9 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction1 & ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution4 #bei ,^! fees & dues1 z we h se51 are ( v>y+ size4 ,annual memb]%ip dues are (t5 #e1 & sometimes z high z #be4 ,life memb]%ip fees range f #be to #ajj1 ) correspond+ fees = patrons1 vice-presid5ts & o!rs4 ,! highe/ fee is t ( life donor 9 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction1 be+ #a1jjj4 #bfj ,dr4 ,i4 ,l4 ,peet1 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #ahhc1 p4 #dae4 #bfa ,! annual appropriations are f #bfe to #cfj = ea* pupil1 b n (t5 ov] #cjj or #cbe4 #bfb ,9 ! case ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution we are advis$ t ! p] capita appropriation is #cb less ?an ! actual co/4 ,see also ,report1 #aijj1 p4 #i2 #aija1 p4 #aj2 #aijh1 p4 #aj4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,cl>ke ,s*ool1 ! tru/ees decl>e t ! /ate has nev] paid ! s*ool = ea* pupil ! av]age annual co/ ( in/ruction & ma9t5ance1 & ! legislature is repeat$ly ask$ to increase its appropriations4 ,see ,report1 #aijd1 p4 #h2 #aiaa1 p4 #i2 #aiab1 p4 #h4 ,( ! ,am]ican ,s*ool we are told t ! /ate appropriation has nev] be5 en\gh to meet ! actual co/4 ,report1 #aiji1 p4 #i4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,new ,york ,in/itution we are advis$ t ! co/ p] pupil f #aijc to #aiac has rang$ f #cch to #dae1 :ile ! /ate appropriation has nev] exce$$ #cbe2 & t f #ahic to #aiac #ceg1egi has be5 exp5d$ = educational purposes1 & #ejj1jjj = build+s & equipm5t1 f ! s*ool's own funds4 #bfc ,on ?is subject1 see ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 vii41 #aija1 p4 #cei2 ,report ( ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,*>ities ( ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 #ahia1 p4 #aa2 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #aiaa1 p4 #bg4 #bfd ,z we h not$1 ,alabama1 ,m>yl&1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,oklahoma1 ,texas1 & ,virg9ia h simil> arrangem5ts = _! color$ deaf & bl9d4 #bfe ,9 ,new ,mexico1 h[ev]1 :]e !re are s*ools = bo? classes1 ! gov]nor has advis$ _! consolidation1 z "o in/itution c\ld adm9i/] to ! ne$s ( bo?4 ,message1 #aijg1 p4 #ba4 #bff ,report ( ,colorado ,s*ool1 #aijh1 p4 #bj4 ,see also ,report ( ,bo>d ( ,*>ities ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 #aiaj1 p4 #bji4 #bfg ,! educators ( ! bl9d h p>ticul>ly arraign$ ?is plan4 ,at "o ( ! fir/ conv5tions ( ! ,am]ican ,in/ructors ( ! ,bl9d1 ! foll[+ propositions 7 enunciat$3 #a4 ,deaf-mutes & ! bl9d diff] f ea* o!r m widely ?an ei!r class diff]s f ^? hav+ all ! s5ses2 #b4 ! me?ods ( in/ruction peculi> to ea* are entirely unlike & incompatible2 #c4 ! deaf engross ! ma9 att5tion2 #d4 ! developm5t ( ! bl9d dep>tm5t is ret>d$4 ,proce$+s1 #ahga1 p4 #hg4 ,educators ( ! deaf h likewise /at$ _! objections4 ,at an e>ly conf]5ce ( pr9cipals1 a resolution 0 adopt$ t ! arrangem5t 0 bad1 ! me?ods be+ entirely diff]5t4 ,proce$+s1 ii41 #ahgb1 pp4 #adf1 #aea4 ,see also ,report ( ,mi*igan ,s*ool1 #ahee 7fir/ report71 p4 #a2 #ahhj1 p4 #fb2 ,l\isiana ,s*ool1 #ahgj1 p4 #cj4 ,9 times pa/1 h[ev]1 advantages ( ?is arrangem5t h be5 po9t$ out4 ,see ,report ( ,cali=nia ,in/itution1 #ahfi1 p4 #ae2 #ahgc1 p4 #ai4 #bfh ,see individual acc\nts 9 ,william ,wade's monograph on ! ,deaf-,bl9d1 #aija2 see also ,national ,magaz9e1 xi41 #aheg1 p4 #bg2 ,review ( ,reviews1 xxv41 #aijb1 p4 #dce2 ,ohio ,bullet9 ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 xiii41 #aijg1 p4 #dg2 ,proce$+s ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors ( ! ,deaf1 xvi41 #aija1 p4 #age;ff42 ,annals1 l41 #aije1 p4 #abe4 #bfi ,! *ief s*ools :]e !y h be5 ( rec5t ye>s or are n[ be+ in/ruct$ are ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 ! ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 & ! s*ools 9 ,ohio1 ,mississippi1 ,k5tucky1 ,ill9ois1 ,i[a1 ,m9nesota1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,wiscons91 ,colorado1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,virg9ia1 ,arkansas1 ,l\isiana1 & ,texas4 ,! numb] 9 any "o s*ool at "o "t seldom exce$s two or ?ree1 mo/ (t5 !re be+ b "o4 #bgj ,a consid]able proportion ( su* *ildr5 are r dumb ?an deaf1 hav+ "s oral1 z well z m5tal1 defect4 #bga ,on ?is "q1 see especially ,report ( ,ill9ois ,s*ool1 #ahfj1 p4 #ae2 ,mi*igan ,s*ool1 #ahhg1 p4 #be2 ,m>yl& ,s*ool1 #ahhe1 p4 #ac2 #ahig1 p4 #ac2 ,mississippi ,s*ool1 #aiji1 p4 #bd2 ,m9nesota ,companion1 ( ,m9nesota ,s*ool1 ,nov4 #bb1 #aiaa2 ,report ( ,bo>d ( ,*>ities ( ,new ,york1 #aiab1 i41 p4 #add4 ,( ! ,alabama ,s*ool1 x is said t x has turn$ away a numb] ( ^! feeble-m9d$ *ildr5 dur+ ! pa/ two ye>s4 ,report1 #aijd1 p4 #ba4 ,9 ,ohio !re are /at$ to be a hundr$ su* *ildr54 ,report ( ,ohio ,s*ool1 #aiji1 p4 #ag4 ,9 ano!r /ate !re are said to be #aej feeble-m9d$ deaf4 ,annals1 liv41 #aiji1 p4 #ddd4 #bgb ,9 #aiaj ! c5sus report$ #bid deaf p]sons 9 in/itutions = ! feeble-m9d$1 or #a4d p] c5t ( all _! inmates4 ,insane & ,feeble-m9d$ 9 ,in/itutions1 #aiad1 p4 #ib4 ,x has also be5 e/imat$ t five p] c5t ( ! deaf are feeble-m9d$4 ,proce$+s ( ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #aijf1 p4 #bed;ff4 ,on ! subject ( ! feeble-m9d$ deaf 9 in/itutions1 ,mr4 ,cyrus ,e4 ,:ite1 ( ! ,kansas ,s*ool1 s5t lett]s to ! heads ( #ee s*ools1 receiv+ replies f #de4 ,no /ate1 x 0 f\nd1 _h made special provision = ! feeble-m9d$ deaf4 ,x 0 ! g5]al agreem5t t !y %\ld be 9 in/itutions = ! feeble-m9d$1 "o sup]9t5d5t decl>+ t feeble-m9d$ness is a bett] classification ?an deafness4 ,ano!r sup]9t5d5t sugge/$ ! e/abli%m5t ( su* an in/itution 9 a c5tral /ate1 to :i* ! diff]5t /ates c\ld s5d suitable cases4 ,see ,annals1 lv41 #aiaj1 p4 #acc4 ,a committee ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,society = ! ,advancem5t ( ! ,deaf has f\nd t all ( ! ?ree feeble-m9d$ in/itutions 9 ?is /ate are cr[d$1 & t !re is no hope = ! feeble-m9d$ deaf 9 !m4 ,proce$+s1 xxiv41 #aiaj1 p4 #i4 ,9 "o in/itution = ! feeble-m9d$ !re are said to be tw5ty deaf feeble-m9d$4 ,annals1 liv41 #aiji1 p4 #ddd4 ,9 ! in/itution = ! feeble-m9d$ 9 ,i[a a special class ( su* inmates 0 organiz$ 9 #aiab4 ,ibid41 lviii41 #aiac1 p4 #ajg4 ,x is to be rememb]$ 9 ?is connection t 9 _m /ates !re are no in/itutions = ! feeble-m9d$4 ,educators ( ! deaf h (t5 be5 in/rum5tal 9 secur+ ! creation ( su* in/itutions4 ,see ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 iv41 #aheg1 p4 #bbg4 ,9 a few /ates1 z ,ill9ois1 ,m9nesota & ,wa%+ton1 dep>tm5ts = ! feeble-m9d$ h be5 creat$ 9 s*ools = ! deaf1 ! feeble-m9d$ be+ remov$ lat]4 ,9 ,montana a dep>tm5t is /ill ma9ta9$4 #bgc ,! ,columbia ,in/itution is consid]$ a corporation1 its gov]n+ bo>d be+ compos$ ( n9e memb]s1 "o ( :om is a s5ator appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 & two memb]s ( ! ,h\se appo9t$ by ! ,speak]1 :ile ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is patron4 #bgd ,9 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution & ! ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction ! numb] is #ba1 & 9 ! ,m>yl& ,s*ool1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution & ! ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #bg4 #bge ,su* is ! case 9 ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 ,new ,mexico1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,rhode ,isl&1 & ,utah4 ,confirmation by ! ,s5ate is also usual ) bo>ds ( control4 #bgf ,on r>e occasions a deaf man himself is made a memb] ( ! bo>d4 #bgg ,9 a few /ates comp5sation is all[$1 z 9 ,indiana1 ,montana1 ,oklahoma1 ,texas1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia4 #bgh ,on ! arrangem5ts 9 ! sev]al /ates1 see especially ,annals1 xlviii41 #aijc1 p4 #cdh2 lviii41 #aiac1 p4 #cbg4 ,see also ,proce$+s ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 iv41 #aheg1 p4 #aii2 vii41 #ahgj1 p4 #add2 ix41 #ahgh1 pp4 #aie1 #bag2 ,report ( ,royal ,commission on ! ,bl9d1 ,deaf & ,dumb1 etc41 #ahhi1 iii41 p4 #def;ff4 #bgi ,9 c]ta9 ( ^! /ates1 h[ev]1 z ,idaho1 ,indiana1 ,ma9e1 ,m9nesota1 ,montana1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ! bo>ds ( *>ities or c5tral bo>ds h only m or less f9ancial conc]n1 ! /atutes usually ref]r+ to "s su* connection ) ! sev]al /ate in/itutions1 ?\gh n always m5tion+ !m by "n4 ,9 "o or two /ates1 z ,rhode ,isl&1 !re is connection ) a bo>d ( pur*ases & supplies4 ,9 ,m9nesota !re is also a bo>d ( visitors = /ate in/itutions1 ex]t+ r a moral sup]vision4 #bhj ,! duties ( su* bo>ds may be indicat$ f ! foll[+ extract 9 a lett] to ! writ] f ! ,secret>y ( ! ,wiscons9 ,bo>d3 ,! bo>d appo9ts ! *ief (fic]s1 pur*ases all ! supplies = ! in/itutions1 =mulates ! provisions "u :i* ! in/itutions are manag$1 & has almo/ unlimit$ p[] ) ref]5ce to ! in/itutions4 ,! bo>ds ?us h practically complete control ( ! public in/itutions ( ! /ate1 & 9 "s cases /ate univ]sities h come )9 _! direction4 ,! bo>ds h come especially into favor 9 /ates ( ! ,we/ & ,middle ,we/4 ,9 _! favor x is claim$ t !y secure economy1 accuracy1 bett] discipl9e & m equitable appropriations1 introduce bus9ess me?ods1 relieve ! heads ( s*ools f f9ancial problems1 visit o!r /ates1 & keep 9 t\* ) ! p4 ,see ,univ]sity ( ,nebraska ,/udies1 ,oct41 #aije4 ,! evolution ( /ate control is also "h trac$4 ,see also ,bullet9 ( ,ohio ,bo>d ( ,*>ities1 ,dec41 #aijh1 xiv41 #f4 #bha ,9 ,i[a ! s*ool = ! bl9d is "u ! bo>d ( education4 #bhb ,9 ne>ly all ! /ates ! s*ools 7 plac$ at fir/ 9 ! h&s ( special bo>ds ( tru/ees1 ) connection ) no o!r bodies1 & x 0 only lat] t any *ange 0 br\ght ab\t4 ,9 "s /ates !re h be5 v>i\s exp]im5ts 9 ! organization ( gov]n+ bo>ds & 9 ! numb] ( memb]s !y 7 to conta94 ,sev]al s*ools at _! beg9n+ h be5 put "u ! direction ( a /ate educational in/itution1 z ! univ]sity 9 ,utah1 & ! normal s*ool 9 ,oklahoma4 ,9 a few /ates ! s*ools h be5 plac$ "u c]ta9 /ate (fic]s1 z 9 ,new ,mexico & ,oregon4 ,9 ,wa%+ton ! fir/ bo>d ( tru/ees ( ! s*ool consi/$ ( a physician1 a lawy] & a practical educator4 #bhc ,we h already not$ t ! color$ deaf ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ,we/ ,virg9ia are s5t to an outside s*ool4 #bhd ,9 reg>d to ! organization ( ! sev]al bo>ds t h to d ) ! education ( ! deaf1 x may be /at$ t 9 "s /ates1 z 9 ,ohio & ,indiana1 ! law re/ricts ! numb] t may be ( any "o political p>ty4 ,9 connection ) ! gov]nm5t ( s*ools = ! deaf1 ! sadde/ feature has too (t5 be5 ! political influ5ces :i* h be5 all[$ to become factors 9 ! conduct+ ( "s ( !m4 ,9 c]ta9 in/ances ! play+ ( politics has be5 ( s]i\s mom5t1 & ) incalculable h>m to ! "w ( ! s*ools4 ,9 "s cases ! adm9i/ration ( s*ools has be5 consid]$ legitimate spoils to ! p>ty 9 p[]1 & appo9tm5ts h be5 made z a matt] ( rew>d1 & removals z a matt] ( puni%m5t4 ,! evil effect ( su* proc$ure x is h>d to ov]e/imate1 & inde$ 9 an enlight5$ l& x is ev5 difficult ( cr$5ce4 ,public op9ion %\ld sev]ely condemn all attempts at political int]f]5ce 9 ! "w ( ! education ( ! deaf1 & ^? seek+ to promote x %\ld be dealt ) befitt+ly4 ,happily1 h[ev]1 su* conduct seems n[ on ! decl9e 9 ! s*ools1 & x may e>ne/ly be hop$ t ! end is n f> 9 ! future4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,day ,,s*ool ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,,inception ,,& ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,day ,,s*ool ,a small numb] ( ! in/itutions = ! deaf _h begun z day s*ools1 ! pupils liv+ away f ! s*ool outside s*ool h\rs1 & _h cont9u$ s = a long] or %ort] p]iod4 ,! s*ools 7 !n 9 an exp]im5tal /age1 & ?is plan came fir/ to h&4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t x 0 f\nd t ?is feature 0 n practicable1 z ! pupils 7 (t5 f> scatt]$1 & ! bo>d+ arrangem5t 0 accord+ly adopt$4#bhe ,?is 0 ! policy f9ally *os5 9 all ! /ates hav+ s*ools4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 :5 ! /ates _h gr[n 9 population1 & 9 "s ( ! cities !re 7 f\nd n a few deaf *ildr51 ! dem& 0 r5ew$ = day s*ools4#bhf ,! result has be5 ! beg9n+ & developm5t ( a sy/em ( day s*ools 9 a numb] ( /ates2 & !y h come to occupy "p ( ! field =m]ly cov]$ by ! /ate in/itutions alone4 ,( ! day s*ools n[ exi/+1 ! ,horace ,mann ,s*ool1 ( ,bo/on1 :i* 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahfi1 is accr$it$ ) be+ ! initial "o4#bhg ,two o!rs 7 op5$ be=e #ahij1 :ile f #ahia to #aijj !re 7 #bb />t$1 & s9ce #aija1 #dj1 mak+ #fe 9 all n[4#bhh ,^! s*ools are f\nd 9 f\rte5 /ates1 b ! movem5t has rea*$ its greate/ gr[? 9 ! ,middle ,we/1 especially 9 ,wiscons9 & ,mi*igan4 ,9 "s ( ! /ates special laws h be5 enact$1 provid+ = ! e/abli%m5t ( day s*ools4#bhi ,,design ,,& ,,scope ,,( ,,day ,,s*ools ,! day s*ool = ! deaf is /ill sometimes reg>d$ z an exp]im5t1 :ile its advocates insi/ t its success has be5 demon/rat$4 ,among s*ool au?orities 9 cities especially1 pleas = ! e/abli%m5t ( day s*ools are (t5 li/5$ to ) favor1 & !re is frequ5tly a t5d5cy to give !m at lea/ a trial4 ,g5]al bodies int]e/$ 9 education or ! public welf>e are likewise incl9$ to c\nt5ance day s*ools1 l>gely = ! reason t !y are oppos$ to ! in/itution idea1 & w\ld place z _m *ildr5 z possible 9 ! regul> s*ools4 ,an illu/ration ( ?is view is f\nd 9 ! ,report on ,*ildr5 ( ! ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections 9 #aijf4bij ,in/itutional c>e ( heal?y1 normal *ildr5 is objectionable4444 ,in/itutional c>e = educational purposes is necess>y = a portion ( ! deaf & bl9d *ildr5 444 b x is recogniz$ t 9 l>ge cities public s*ools c be provid$ = _m deaf & bl9d *ildr54 ,by "s x is believ$ t 9 "t ! day s*ool w supplant ! l>ge in/itution1 s f> at lea/ z l>ge cities are conc]n$1 & t ! deaf1 & ! bl9d z well1 w n be diff]5tiat$ f ! pupils 9 ! regul> s*ools4 ,sep>ate ap>tm5ts & special tea*]s w be provid$ = !m1 b 9 all public s*ool sy/ems ^! classes w be actual factors4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is ma9ta9$ t !re is an abundant field = bo? day s*ool & in/itution4 ,! =m] %\ld only supplem5t ! "w ( ! latt]1 especially 9 rea*+ *ildr5 t _c o!rwise be br\ght into s*ool4 ,! reason :y ! day s*ool is call$ into be+ is ?us giv5 by an educational au?ority ( "o city3#bia ,in/itutions t c>e = ^! *ildr5 ?r\gh\t ! entire ye>1 t fe$1 clo! & educate !m1 t r5d] skilful & prompt m$ical att5tion1 & af=d uplift+ social advantages--all "u "o ro(--h a wor?y place "u our social & educational sy/ems2 b ^! in/itutions _c c>e = all ! un=tunate *ildr5 9 ne$ ( education4 ,x is also sugge/$ t x might be arrang$ t day s*ools %\ld keep pupils dur+ _! e>ly ye>s1 z f five to n9e ye>s ( age1 aft] :i* "t !y c\ld ent] ! in/itution1 & be plac$ 9 grad$ classes & 9 a suitable trade s*ool4#bib ,h5ce x is po9t$ out t ! day s*ool & in/itution %\ld n be antagoni/ic1 t _! int]e/s are common at bottom1 & t !y %\ld "w h& 9 h&1 )\t friction or misund]/&+4 ,! day s*ool plan has n z yet be5 foll[$ 9 a l>ge numb] ( /ates2 yet z ^! s*ools are be+ look$ ^u ) m & m favor by city bo>ds ( education1 & z 9 ! c5t]s ( population !re is said to be a ne$ = !m1 x is n improbable t !y may be ext5d$ mu* f>!r 9 ! future4 ,x is d\btful1 h[ev]1 if v soon !y w spread beyond ! l>ge cities2 & /ates )\t great cities may be )\t su* s*ools = _m ye>s at lea/4#bic ,,ext5t ,,& ,,organization ,,( ,,day ,,s*ools ,! day s*ools1 numb]+ #fe 9 all1 z we h se51 are f\nd 9 ! /ates ( ,cali=nia1 ,georgia1 ,ill9ois1 ,l\isiana1 ,massa*usetts1 ,mi*igan1 ,m9nesota1 ,miss\ri1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,new ,york1 ,ohio1 ,oregon1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,wiscons94 ,9 ,georgia1 ,l\isiana1 ,massa*usetts1 ,m9nesota1 ,miss\ri1 & ,oregon ea* !re is b "o s*ool1 9 ,new ,j]sey & ,wa%+ton ea* #b1 9 ,new ,york #c1 9 ,cali=nia #d1 9 ,ohio & ,ill9ois ea* #e1 9 ,mi*igan #ad1 & 9 ,wiscons9 #bd4 ,:]e only "o day s*ool is f\nd 9 a /ate1 x is locat$ usually 9 ! l>ge/ city 7,atlanta1 ,new ,orleans1 ,bo/on1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,l\is1 & ,portl&71 :ile ! two s*ools ( ,new ,j]sey are 9 ,new>k & ,j]sey ,city1 ! two ( ,wa%+ton 9 ,seattle & ,tacoma1 & ! ?ree ( ,new ,york 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,( ! five s*ools 9 ,ill9ois1 f\r are 9 ,*icago4 ,9 six ( ^! /ates1 namely1 ,cali=nia1 ,ill9ois1 ,mi*igan1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,ohio1 & ,wiscons91 !re are special /ate laws "u :i* ! s*ools are e/abli%$ & op]at$4#bid ,by su* laws x is g5]ally provid$ t :]e !re are a c]ta9 numb] ( deaf *ildr51 usually ?ree1#bie a s*ool may1 on application ( ! local s*ool tru/ees or di/rict bo>d1 be organiz$ by ! /ate dep>tm5t ( education4#bif ,! m9imum age = su* *ildr5 is (t5 ?ree4 ,a /at$ sum is frequ5tly all[$ = ea* pupil1 z #aej4big ,9 ! rema9+ eight /ates ! s*ools are organiz$ & direct$ by local s*ool au?orities1 )\t assi/ance f legislative /atute4 ,^! s*ools are support$ by local funds or by /ate & local funds toge!r4 ,! latt] is ! m common proc$ure1 & 9 ! case ( s*ools op]at+ "u a /ate law1 x is ! usual1 b n ! necess>y1 practice4 ,! s*ools 9 six /ates1 namely1 ,georgia1 ,ill9ois1 ,l\isiana1 ,m9nesota1 ,miss\ri1 & ,new ,york1 are ?us ma9ta9$ only by local funds ( ! city or c\nty1 ! rema9d] receiv+ aid 9 :ole or 9 "p f ! /ate4#bih ,! s*ool 9 ,m9nesota & "o 9 ,cali=nia are aid$ by private contributions4 ,9 ne>ly all cases c>f>e is provid$ to & f s*ool :5 necess>y4 ,9 ! day s*ools special build+s are n usually provid$1 sep>ate classes be+ creat$ 9 ! regul> s*ool build+s2 b 9 "s ( ! l>g] cities !re are special build+s1 kn[n z di/9ct s*ools1 9 :i* ! class-rooms are = ! diff]5t grades ( deaf pupils4 ,! numb] ( pupils 9 ! day s*ools 9 #aiab-aiac 0 #a1idb4 ,! smalle/ s*ools h b ?ree pupils1 :ile ! l>ge/ "o1 9 ,*icago1 has #cjg1 ! numb] usually dep5d+ on ! size ( ! city4 ,! me?od employ$ 9 ! day s*ools is exclusively ! oral ) b two exceptions4#bii ,9 all b a few c]ta9 indu/ries are also taught1 or m or less ( manual tra9+ is giv54 ,,argum5ts ,,= ,,! ,,day ,,s*ool ,! great argum5t = ! day s*ool is t x is n well t *ildr5 be in/itutionaliz$4 ,! in/itution life is said n to be ! normal life1 & its habits & associations are n 9 accord ) ! pr9ciples n[ be+ l>gely held 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is com+ to be m & m realiz$ t ! home %\ld always be ! c5t] ( int]e/ & atta*m5t 9 ! well e/abli%$ community1 & t ! "* & influ5ce ( ! family %\ld be ma9ta9$ unimpair$4 ,9 connection ) orphan & o!r *ild-c>+ ag5cies1 a great] emphasis ?an ev] be=e is be+ put on ! "q ( h[ to r$uce ! life to "o ( normality1 & ! plac+-out ( dep5d5t *ildr5 9 homes :]e !y c gr[ up z normal *ildr5 is n[ a popul> fai?4 ,! great wat*word to-day 9 intellig5t & con/ructive philan?ropy is ! ideal ( ! normal1 & x is on ?is gr\nd t ! in/itution is decl>$ to be remov$ f ! /&>d ( ! highe/ int]e/s ( society4 ,ev5 ?\gh a *ild %\ld pr(it 9 ! in/itution1 & ev5 ?\gh he %\ld be s5t out into ! _w /rong & self-reliant1 yet :ile 9 ! in/itution1 he is out ( l9e1 & is j s f> displac$ f ! ideal ( ! normal2 & ev5 ?\gh ! in/itution is cleanli]1 m sanit>y & o!rwise bett] equipp$ ?an ! qu>t]s f :i* ! *ild comes1 /ill ! in/itution _c be ju/ifi$1 = no solution c be acceptable if 9 ! end x results 9 ! break+ up ( ! home4#cjj ,m specific *>ges are also br\ght aga9/ ! in/itution4 ,"h life = ! inmates is made too easy1 & little c be kn[n by !m ( ! actual /ruggles ( ! _w4 ,! life is ma*9e-l1 & all is r\t9e clockwork4 ,by ! discipl9e1 :i* is necess>y1 mu* ( ! spontaneity ( gr[+ *ildr5 is de/roy$1 & ! surr\nd+s are p]vad$ ) ! _s ( uni=mity1 solid>ity & dead levelism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! *ildr5 fail to le>n _m important lessons 9 dome/ic economy :i* w\ld be be=e !m e day 9 ! home2 & !y lose ! attitude t[>ds life1 morally & socially1 :i* is giv5 by ! home4#cja ,! argum5ts = ! day s*ool may be /at$ m concretely yet4 ,! special day s*ool may be co-ord9at$ )1 or made a "p (1 ! /ate's educational sy/em1 /&+ on a level ) its o!r s*ools4 ,deaf *ildr5 "h come to feel _! place 9 ! normal _w1 :ile p 9 g5]al become m ready to reg>d !m 9 a prop] mann]4 ,^! *ildr5 at ! same "t are n made /rang]s to _! own family circles & communities2 & c]ta9 ones1 by a s*ool ne>] home & consequ5tly m acceptable to _! p>5ts1 may be rea*$ :o w\ld o!rwise possibly nev] ent] an in/itution4 ,9 ! way ( co/ ! balance is di/9ctly on ! side ( ! day s*ool4 ,) no co/ly special plant necess>y1 & ) no *>ges to be incurr$ = food supplies1 att5dants & ! l1 x appe>s to decid$ advantage 9 ! matt] ( economy 9 comp>ison ) an in/itution2 & its normal exp5ditures approa* ne>] ^? ( ! regul> s*ools4 ,at pres5t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! co/ p] pupil 9 ! day s*ools & 9 ! in/itutions is ! diff]5ce betwe5 #abj & #bgg4cjb ,,argum5ts ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,day ,,s*ool ,! argum5t aga9/ ! day s*ool re/s ^u ! fact t ! deaf =m1 educationally1 a special class1 v small 9 mo/ communities1 :o h to be rea*$ by unusual me?ods4 ,to !m ! l>ge in/itution (f]s advantages n likely to be _h outside4 ,= ?is reason ! case aga9/ ! in/itution1 h[ev] cog5t & logical x may be 9 g5]al1 _c well apply4 ,9 ! in/itution ! *ildr5 may be "u intellig5t sup]vision & direction _! entire "t1 & !y may be able to get1 outside s*ool h\rs1 a "p ( ! education :i* ! he>+ *ild s naturally acquires1 = 9 an in/itution le>n+ cont9ues outside ! classroom z well z )94 ,! pick+ up ( k & bits ( in=mation1 :i* ! he>+ *ild beg9s to make use ( f ! "t he fir/ he>s human words1 & ! importance & value ( :i* ! g5]al public _c be expect$ to appreciate1 is lo/ 9 ! greate/ measure to ! deaf 9 ! home4 ,"h ready means ( communication are lack+1 & ! necess>y c>e & att5tion _c be expect$ to be giv5 9 ! h\sehold4 ,ev5 ?\gh deaf *ildr5 c & d m+le ) _! he>+ acqua9tances1 !y _c get s mu* happ9ess or ze/ out ( _! sports & int]c\rse z !y c ) _! own deaf comrades2 & :ile1 no matt] :at _! surr\nd+s are1 ! difficulties ( mo/ ( !m 9 ma/]+ language w nev] be ov]come1 /ill 9 associations ) simil> deaf *ildr5 !re w be f> m /imuli to react on _! consci\sness1 & ! t5d5cy w be = !m to become m & m 9 _! m5tal actions l ! normal4 ,9 ! home !re c be no great assurance ( /udy & sup]vision2 & ! gr[+ deaf *ild1 n be+ able to appreciate ! =ces t surr\nd him z ! he>+ *ild does1 may ! m easily fall "u un:olesome influ5ces4 ,9 ! in/itution !re c be suitable discipl9e1 regul> att5dance1 enlight5$ g5]al ov]sight1 & co-ord9ation ( all t is conc]n$ 9 ! *ild's prop] developm5t4 ,fur!rmore1 al?\gh !re may be a gr[+ feel+ aga9/ ! in/itution life1 !re is1 on ! o!r h&1 an increas+ social que/ion+ z to ! advisability ( a *ild's rema9+ 9 a p>ticul> home if 8 welf>e is n prop]ly safegu>d$4 ,9 _m day s*ools !re are comp>atively few pupils1 & 9 mo/ ( ^! we _c expect to f9d ! c>efully grad$ classes1 ) a place = e pupil accord+ to 8 ne$s1 bright or dull1 quick to le>n or sl[4 ,a pupil 9 a day s*ool1 if n neglect$ to "s ext5t1 may be requir$ to d "w = :i* he is q unfitt$1 be+ ei!r beyond x or incapable ( x4 ,! backw>d *ild w "h be ! wor/ suff]]1 = if !re are b few classes1 he c get little ( ! special att5tion he ne$s2 & 8 progress _c be ! same z :5 9 a class ( l pupils & "u an appropriate & pati5t tea*]4 ,aga91 ! att5tion t is giv5 9 an in/itution ) a consid]able numb] ( pupils to ! le>n+ ( a trade--acc\nt+ 9 /rong measure = success 9 aft] life--means mu* m to a deaf *ild ?an x c\ld to any o!r4 ,9 an in/itution !re w usually be f\nd l>g] equipm5t1 full] app>atus & m v>i$ l9es ?an 9 any b a v l>ge day s*ool2 & 9 its trade dep>tm5t habits ( indu/ry w be =m$1 tal5ts develop$1 a k ( me*anism & ! use ( tools implant$1 an ardor enk9dl$ = ! ma/]%ip ( a trade1 & an appreciation ( ! "p to be play$ 9 ! great _w ( indu/rial activity1 besides ! inc5tive ( be+ 9 a great work%op ) o!r work]s--all 9 f> great] measure & m effectively ?an w\ld be possible any:]e else1 save 9 a great trade s*ool1 9 :i* !re c\ld n be expect$ to be tak5 ! special c>e & provision necessitat$ by ! want ( he>+ ( ! pupils4 ,f9ally1 x may be said t we h no evid5ce1 z respects in/itutions = ! deaf1 to %[ t !y h 9 any way und]m9$ ! "* or mission ( ! home1 or t _! results h be5 o!r ?an desirable 9 a well-ord]$ /ate4 ,h5ce we are told1 9 a ^w1 t no matt] h[ /rong & valid are ! !oretical objections to an in/itution1 yet s f> z ! practical issues are conc]n$1 9 ! prep>ation ( ! deaf = ! _w1 & 9 :at really c\nts = _! developm5t & progress1 ! in/itution1 = _m at lea/1 occupies a position ( demon/rat$ usefulness1 recognition ( :i* _c rightly be )held4#cjc ,,ev5+ ,,day ,,s*ools ,,= ,,adults ,?us f> 9 ?is *apt] we h discuss$ day s*ools 9 relation to *ildr51 t is1 pupils 9 ! usual s5se4 ,b !re is ano!r =m ( day s*ools to :i* att5tion is to be direct$4 ,?is is 9 ! creation ( ev5+ day s*ools = ! use ( adults only1 ! field op5 to :i* is z yet app>5tly b little realiz$4 ,occasion = su* s*ools arises *iefly 9 communities1 especially l>ge cities1 :]e a consid]able numb] ( adult deaf p]sons are )9 rea*1 & :]e a real ne$ may (t5 be f\nd4 ,! matt] is to be reg>d$ 9 effect z ! ext5sion ( ! means ( education by ! /ate to include z l>ge a "p ( ! population z possible--a movem5t :i* is be+ s notably evid5c$ 9 ! op5+ ( ev5+ s*ools ( n a few k9ds 9 cities to-day4 ,) ! deaf ! dem& is ( a peculi> nature4 ,_! av5ues = receiv+ in/ruction are mat]ially re/rict$1 & = "s1 especially ! cong5itally deaf1 ! acquisition ( correct language always rema9s a difficult problem1 :ile to o!rs ! advantages ( ! regul> s*ools may h be5 limit$4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! deaf w n require su* special opportunities1 b = a portion ( !m ! assi/ance may be ( q sub/antial "*4#cjd ,,footnotes3 #bhe ,! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution & ! ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution notably />t$ out z day s*ools1 ! fir/ rema9+ s = elev5 ye>s4 ,9 "s ( ! in/itutions also !re h be5 at times day s*ool pupils 9 att5dance4 #bhf ,day s*ools h1 moreov]1 be5 fo/]$ & support$ to a great ext5t by advocates ( :at is kn[n z ! oral me?od1 9 opposition to ! manual1 or sign me?od1 :i* _h be5 l>gely ! me?od hi!rto employ$ 9 ! in/itutions4 ,! day s*ool may ev5 be said to h ent]$ ! field 9 "p z a prote/ aga9/ ?is me?od4 #bhg ,a day s*ool 0 />t$ 9 ,pittsburg two mon?s previ\sly2 b x 0 soon made into ! ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution4 ,annals1 xv41 #ahgj1 p4 #afe4 #bhh ,a numb] ( day s*ools :i* 7 />t$ h be5 discont9u$1 b !re 7 nev] s _m z at pres5t4 #bhi ,wiscons9 0 ! fir/ /ate to h a day s*ool law1 :i* 0 enact$ 9 #ahhe4 ,bills 7 (f]$ 9 #ahha & #ahhc1 b 7 defeat$4 ,! movem5t 9 ?is /ate has be5 9 l>ge "p due to ! activities ( ! ,wiscons9 ,phonological ,in/itute to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf1 an organization =m$ 9 #ahgi4 ,! "q has ev5 be5 consid]$ 9 ?is /ate ( aboli%+ ! /ate s*ool z a bo>d+ in/itution4 ,see ,public ,op9ion1 xxv41 #ahih1 no4 #af2 ,association ,review1 iii41 #aija1 p4 #aic4 #bij ,proce$+s1 p4 #hh4 #bia ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,edson1 ,associate ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools ( ,new ,york1 ,*>ities & ! ,commons1 xix41 #aijh1 p4 #aceg4 ,see also ,report ( ,ill9ois ,in/itution1 #ahgd1 p4 #fe4 #bib ,see ,report ( ,wa%+ton ,/ate ,s*ool1 #aiaj1 p4 #f4 ,a l solution 0 (f]$ be=e ! ,national ,educational ,association 9 #aijc4 ,c]ta9 *ildr5 might be tra9$ 9 special s*ools & live at home if possible up to ! age ( adolesc5ce1 :5 !y may acquire trades at special in/itutions ma9ta9$ by ! /ate4 ,proce$+s1 p4 #ajjd4 #bic ,x is to be rememb]$ t 9 ,mi*igan & ,wiscons9 s*ools h1 "u ! op]ation ( ! /ate law1 be5 organiz$ 9 comp>atively small t[ns4 #bid ,ef=ts h be5 made 9 sev]al o!r /ates to secure laws4 ,9 ,ohio 9 #aijb ! /ate law 0 decl>$ uncon/itutional1 z be+ class legislation 9 grant+ special aid to ! cities ( ,clevel& & ,c9c9nati4 ,see ,report ( ,ohio ,s*ool1 #aijc1 p4 #ad4 #bie ,9 ,cali=nia ! numb] is five1 & 9 ,new ,j]sey t54 #bif ,9 ,ohio ! /ate commission] ( education may appo9t & remove tea*]s1 & inspect s*ools4 ,9 ,wiscons9 ! /ate sup]9t5d5t appo9ts inspectors1 & ! c\nty judge may compel ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools4 #big ,9 ,wiscons9 #ajj additional is all[$ = ! bo>d ( *ildr5 :o move to a t[n to att5d a s*ool4 #bih ,9 ,massa*usetts a direct appropriation ( #aej p] capita is made by ! /ate4 #bii ,! me?ods employ$ 9 ! in/ruction ( ! deaf are treat$ ( 9 ,*apt] ,,xix4 #cjj ,! importance ( ?is is acc5tuat$ 9 ! pres5t appreh5sions conc]n+ ! dissolv+ & loos5+ ( ! ties ( ! home1 indicat$ 9 m ways ?an "o 9 pres5t programs ( social "w4 #cja ,see ,a4 ,g4 ,w>n]1 ,am]ican ,*>ities1 rev4 ed41 #aijh1 p4 #bhc2 ,r4 ,r4 ,re$]1 ,h[ ,two ,hundr$ ,*ildr5 ,live & ,le>n1 #aiaj1 pp4 #eg1 #hh2 ,philan?ropy & ,social ,progress1 #ahic1 p4 #agb;ff4 #cjb ,x is claim$ t 9 ,wiscons9 ) ! c5tralization plan ( a /ate in/itution "o-?ird ( ! deaf *ildr5 fail$ to be rea*$1 & t by ! day s*ool !re is a sav+ to ! /ate ( #bj1jjj a ye>4 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,educational ,association1 #aijg1 p4 #ihf4 ,see also ibid41 #ahig1 p4 #if2 #aija1 p4 #hgj2 #aiaj1 p4 #ajci2 ,report ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,education1 #ahha1 p4 ccxi42 ,p4 ,a4 ,em]y1 ,plea = ,e>ly ,mute ,education1 #ahhd2 ,improvem5t ( ! ,wiscons9 ,sy/em ( ,education ( ,deaf ,*ildr51 #ahid2 ,public ,s*ool ,classes = ,deaf ,*ildr53 ,op5 ,lett] f ,*icago ,association ( ,p>5ts ( ,deaf ,*ildr51 #ahig2 ,mi*igan ,day ,s*ools = ! ,deaf1 #aijh2 ,report ( ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction ( ,mi*igan1 #aiji1 p4 #fa2 ,report ( ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,in/ruction ( ,wiscons91 #aiaj1 p4 #fj2 ,report ( ,bo>d ( ,education ( ,*icago1 #aiab1 p4 #aee2 ,a4 ,j4 ,w9nie1 ,hi/ory & ,h&book ( ,day ,s*ools = ! ,deaf1 ,wiscons91 #aiab2 ,annals1 xx41 #ahge1 p4 #cd2 ,association ,review1 ii41 #aijj1 p4 #bdh2 viii41 #aijf1 p4 #acf2 xi41 #aiji1 p4 #cj2 ,volta ,review1 xiii41 #aiaa1 p4 #bib2 ,indep5d5t1 lxxiv41 #aiac1 p4 #aadj4 #cjc ,see ,annals1 xxvii41 #ahhb1 p4 #ahb2 xxix41 #ahhd1 pp4 #afe1 #cab2 xxx41 #ahhe1 p4 #aba2 l41 #aije1 p4 #gj2 lvi41 #aiaa1 p4 #ia2 ,volta ,review1 xv41 #aiac1 p4 #ahj2 ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 vii41 #ahgj1 p4 #aad2 xiv41 #ahie1 pp4 #acj1 #cej2 ,conf]5ce ( ,pr9cipals1 vi41 #ahhh1 p4 #bjb2 viii41 #aijd1 p4 #gj2 ,m9nesota ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #ahih1 p4 #hh2 ,report ( ,i[a ,s*ool1 #ahhe1 p4 #af2 ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #aijc1 p4 #ch2 ,cali=nia ,s*ool1 #aijd1 p4 #bj4 #cjd ,"o or two ev5+ s*ools h be5 />t$ 9 ! pa/1 to be discont9u$ aft] a few ye>s1 bo? "u private & "u public auspices4 ,9 ! consid]ation1 h[ev]1 ( any g5]al s*eme = ev5+ s*ools x %\ld be arrang$ t ! "w ( ! regul> s*ools = ! deaf is n infr+$ ^u1 & t pupils 9 ^! s*ools %\ld n h be=e !m ! temptation ( leav+ prematurely1 ) ! expectation ( mak+ up lat]4 ,probably ! safe/ plan w\ld be ! secur+ ( a satisfactory compulsory att5dance law be=e ev5+ s*ools are attempt$ ^u a broad scale4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,d5om9ational ,,& ,,private ,,s*ools ,,d5om9ational ,,s*ools ,9 addition to ! /ate in/itutions & ! day s*ools1 !re h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,am]ica c]ta9 s*ools = ! deaf :i* are /rictly "u private managem5t1 &1 z a rule1 n subject to ! imm$iate control & direction ( ! /ate4 ,^! are ( two k9ds3 #a4 d5om9ational s*ools1 ma9ta9$ by "s religi\s body2 & #b4 s*ools conduct$ z purely private & secul> affairs4 ,su* s*ools n[ numb] tw5ty-"o1 t5 d5om9ational & elev5 private1 all 9 #aiab-aiac hav+ #fch pupils4 ,mo/ are ( comp>atively rec5t date1 ! fir/ hav+ be5 e/abli%$ 9 #ahgc1 & n9e s9ce #aija4cje ,! d5om9ational s*ools are f\nd 9 ,cali=nia1 ,ill9ois1 ,l\isiana1 ,m>yl&1 ,mi*igan1 ,miss\ri1 ,ohio1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,wiscons91 !re be+ two 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p bo>d+ in/itutions1 9 a few cases be+ dep>tm5ts ( l>g] in/itutions4 ,_! controll+ purpose is to surr\nd _! pupils ) religi\s influ5ces1 & to provide !m ) religi\s in/ruction4 ,all b "o are "u ,roman ,ca?olic auspices1 z a usual ?+ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,si/]s4 ,! s+le ,prote/ant s*ool is 9 ! c>e ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 & is controll$ by ! synod1 ) ! direct managem5t ve/$ 9 a bo>d ( tru/ees4 ,^! s*ools are support$ by d5om9ational funds1 by volunt>y contributions1 & 9 a small measure by tuition fees4 ,9 "s ( ! s*ools1 z 9 ,m>yl& & ,p5nsylvania1 !re is /ate aid to a small ext5t4 ,! fees paid by pupils are nev] high1 & n _m 9 ! s*ools pay ! full am\nt1 ?\gh inability to pay is nev] all[$ to keep any away :o wi% to att5d4#cjf ,,private ,,s*ools ,! elev5 non-d5om9ational s*ools may be !mselves divid$ into two classes3 ^? :i* are really homes = v "y deaf *ildr51 sometimes "u ! control ( a society organiz$ = ! purpose2 & ^? :i* are purely private ent]prises1 own$ & direct$ by "o or m individuals4 ,( ! =m] !re are f\r homes or k9d]g>t5s--! ,s>ah ,full] ,home ( ,bo/on1 ! ,mc,cowen ,homes ( ,*icago1 ! ,home ,s*ool ne> ,baltimore1 & ! ,home ,s*ool ( ,san ,francisco4#cjg ,_! ma9 object is to give _! pupils an e>ly />t 9 ! use ( spee* z well z to provide a home1 & *ildr5 z "y z ?ree1 or ev5 y\ng]1 may be admitt$4 ,! managem5t ( ^! s*ools is usually 9 ! h&s ( tru/ees4 ,support is d]iv$ l>gely f ! fees ( pupils1 ?\gh "s s*ools are (t5 ! recipi5ts ( private donations1 especially :5 *ildr5 are tak5 )\t *>ge2 & "o or two h aid f public all[ances4#cjh ,! private s*ools ( ! second class are almo/ entirely dep5d5t on tuition fees1 ?\gh "o or two likewise receive "s /ate aid4 ,) two exceptions1#cji !y are f\nd 9 l>ge cities1 ,new ,york hav+ two1 & ,philadelphia1 ,baltimore & ,c9c9nati "o ea*4 ,^! s*ools are bo? bo>d+ & day s*ools4 ,! me?od employ$ 9 ! private s*ools is ne>ly always ! oral1 & ?is is ! me?od also ( "s ( ! d5om9ational s*ools4 ,9 "s ( ! s*ools ( bo? classes manual tra9+ & in/ruction 9 trades are giv5 to an ext5t4 ,,footnotes3 #cje ,!re h be5 a numb] ( private s*ools at v>i\s times1 p]haps a score or m1 :i* h be5 discont9u$--besides ^? :i* 7 ! nuclei ( ! /ate in/itutions4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 sev]al private s*ools = ! h>d ( he>+1 :]e in/ruction & practice are (f]$ 9 lip-read+1 & att5d$ = ! mo/ "p by adults4 #cjf ,?us 9 ! ,mi*igan ,evangelical ,lu!ran ,in/itute1 :]e ! m9imum fee is #aj a mon?1 we are advis$ t only two or ?ree pay ! full am\nt4 ,9 ,/4 ,john's ,in/itute ( ,wiscons91 :]e #ab a mon? is ask$1 we are advis$ t ! (ficials are cont5t$ ) :atev] "p ( ?is sum ! p>5ts or gu>dians c pay4 ,volunt>y contributions likewise d n always prove l>ge4 ,( ! ,immaculate ,conception ,in/itution ( ,/4 ,l\is1 we are advis$ t private contributions are too meagre to support "o *ild4 ,! indu/ry ( ! ,si/]s (t5 adds mu* = ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,ca?olic s*ools4 #cjg ,ano!r su* home is 9 ,philadelphia1 b is n[ a /ate in/itution4 #cjh ,to ! ,s>ah ,full] ,home ! /ate ( ,massa*usetts all[s #bej p] capita = "s ( ! *ildr54 #cji ,at ,lead1 ,s\? ,dakota1 & ,macon1 ,georgia4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,national ,,college ,aft] our review ( ! v>i\s s*ools t h be5 creat$ = ! deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 we come to :at may be reg>d$ z ! culm9ative feature 9 ! provision = _! in/ruction--an in/itution = _! high] education4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> ! "w 9 ,am]ica /&s unique among ! nations ( ! _w4 ,?is in/itution is ,gallaudet ,college--nam$ aft] ! f\nd] ( ! fir/ s*ool--:i* is ma9ta9$ at ,wa%+ton by ! national gov]nm5t1 & is op5 to all ! deaf ( ! c\ntry4 ,we h se5 h[ ! national gov]nm5t has r5d]$ v di/9ct aid 9 ! "w ( ! education ( ! deaf2 b 9 e/abli%+ ! college x has gone f> beyond ?is1 & by ?is act may be said to h plac$ ! cap/one ^u ! /ructure ( _! education4 ,?is college has result$ f a s*ool :i* 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 #aheg1 kn[n z ! ,k5dall ,s*ool4 ,n long aft] ,congress 0 ask$ to create an in/itution = ! high] education ( ! deaf z well1 & to include all ! c\ntry4 ,no little int]e/ 0 ar\s$ 9 ! matt]1 & zeal\s advocates appe>$ to pres5t ! claims ( ! new und]tak+4 ,! *ief objection 0 ! lack ( prec$5t1 :ile ) "s memb]s ( ,congress ! idea seem$ /range ( conf]r+ college degrees ^u ! deaf4 ,opposition1 h[ev]1 did n prove /rong1 & ! measure 0 f9ally enact$ 9 #ahfd by a practically unanim\s vote4#caj ,?us 0 ! college e/abli%$1 & ,congress cont9ues regul>ly to provide = x1 toge!r ) ! ,k5dall ,s*ool1 bo? be+ kn[n z ! ,columbia ,in/itution = ! ,deaf4 ,9 ! college !re are n[ provid$ "o hundr$ full s*ol>%ips = /ud5ts f ! sev]al /ates ( ! ,union4#caa ,x is n surpris+ t ?is action on ! "p ( ,congress %\ld h be5 held )\t a prec$5t4 ,9 no o!r in/ance has ! national gov]nm5t attempt$ to make provision = ! education ( any class or "p ( ! inhabitants ( ! diff]5t /ates1 beyond c]ta9 s-call$ w>ds ( ! nation1 z ! ,indians1 = example4 ,?\gh ! national gov]nm5t has v p]ceptibly enc\rag$ le>n+ 9 _m ways1#cab yet direct provision = ! education ( ! y\? ( ! sev]al commonweal?s has univ]sally be5 reg>d$ z _! sole pr]ogative4 ,9 ?us e/abli%+ a college = c]ta9 resid5ts ( ! v>i\s /ates1 ! f$]al gov]nm5t has done some?+ t /&s out by itself4 ,?\gh ! reason lies 9 ! fact t no o!r means = ! high] education ( ! deaf seem$ at h&1 x w\ld appe> t !reby ! gov]nm5t has signally favor$ ! deaf1 z x inde$ has2 & 9 tak+ "u its imm$iate direction ?is high] education ( ! deaf1 ! national gov]nm5t has won ! gratitude ( !m all4 ,,footnotes3 #caj ,see ,e4 ,m4 ,gallaudet1 ,address 9 behalf ( ,columbia ,in/itution1 #aheh2 ,inauguration ( ! ,college = ! ,deaf & ,dumb1 #ahfd2 ,report ( ,columbia ,in/itution1 #ahff2 #ahfh1 p4 #ajd2 #ahhi2 #ajjj1 p4 #af2 #ahib2 ,proce$+s ( ,alumni ,association ( ,gallaudet ,college1 #ahhi-ahii1 p4 #ee2 ,hi/ory ( ,*>ities 9 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 #ahih1 "p #c2 ,annals1 xiv41 #ahfi1 p4 #ahc2 xix41 #ahgd1 p4 #acd2 lvi41 #aiaa1 p4 #ahd2 ,j\rnal ( ,social ,sci5ce1 vi41 #ahgd1 p4 #afj2 ,scribn]'s ,magaz9e1 iii41 #ahgb1 p4 #gbg2 ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e1 lxix41 #ahhd1 p4 #aha2 ,review ( ,reviews1 xvi41 #ahig1 p4 #eg4 ,! college 0 consid]ably aid$ 9 its fir/ few ye>s by private contributions4 ,! fir/ presid5t 0 ,edw>d ,m9] ,gallaudet1 son ( ,?omas ,hopk9s ,gallaudet1 :o s]v$ m ?an fifty ye>s4 #caa ,! numb] 0 at fir/ small1 & has gradually be5 increas$ to #ajj4 ,x has also be5 sugge/$ t ! /ates assi/ 9 provid+ s*ol>%ips4 ,report ( ,columbia ,in/itution1 #ahgf1 p4 #bj4 #cab ,?is is done1 = in/ance1 9 ! sev]al bureaus e/abli%$ = inve/igation & ! dissem9ation ( k1 & 9 ! grants ( l& = ! b5efit ( agricultural colleges or /ate univ]sities4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,provision ,,= ,,education ,,by ,,/ates ,hav+ n[ consid]$ ! plan & organization ( ! sev]al k9ds ( s*ools = ! deaf 9 ,am]ica1 namely1 ! in/itutions1 ! day s*ools1 ! private s*ools & ! national college1 we proce$ 9 ?is *apt] to exam9e ! "w 9 ! sev]al /ates individually1 & to note to :at ext5t & 9 :at mann] ! education ( ! deaf has be5 provid$ = 9 ea*4 ,alabama4 ,a private s*ool 0 />t$ ne> ,montgom]y 9 #ahed1 b 0 discont9u$ aft] "o or two ye>s4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,talladega 9 #aheh4cac ,9 #ahiacad a s*ool 0 creat$ = ! color$ deaf & bl9d4 ,! s*ools are gov]n$ by a bo>d ( ?irte5 memb]s1 includ+ ! gov]nor & ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction4#cae ,arizona4 ,be=e ! op5+ ( a local s*ool ! deaf 7 s5t to o!r /ates = in/ruction4#caf ,! /ate s*ool 0 creat$ 9 #aiab1cag & is a "p ( ! /ate univ]sity4 ,on ! admission ( ,arizona z a /ate1 #ajj1jjj acres ( ! public l& 7 grant$ = ! b5efit ( ! s*ool = ! deaf & ! bl9d4 ,arkansas4 ,a private s*ool 0 op5$ at ,cl>ksville 9 #ahej1 :i* 0 mov$ to ,little ,rock 9 #ahfa4cah ,aft] a susp5sion1 x 0 />t$ anew 9 #ahfg1 & 9 #ahfh 0 tak5 ov] by ! /ate4#cai ,! s*ool is n[ 9 ! h&s ( ! /ate bo>d ( *>itable in/itutions4#cbj ,cali=nia4 ,! /ate in/itution = ! deaf & ! bl9d 0 e/abli%$ at ,b]keley 9 #ahfj1cba aft] a society _h be5 =m$ = ! purpose4 ,! s*ool is controll$ by a bo>d ( five directors1 :ile ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities sup]vises4#cbb ,!re are f\r day s*ools 9 ! /ate3#cbc at ,oakl&1 op5$ 9 #ahih1 & support$ by /ate & c\nty2 at ,los ,angeles 9 #ahii1 support$ by city & private subscriptions2 at ,san ,francisco 9 #aija1 support$ by ! city2 & at ,sacram5to 9 #aijd1 support$ by /ate & city4 ,!re is a private s*ool 9 ,oakl&1 ! ,/4 ,joseph's ,home1 op5$ 9 #ahie1 & "o 9 ,san ,francisco1 ! ,hold5 ,home ,oral ,s*ool1 op5$ 9 #aiac4 ,colorado4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 op5$ at ,colorado ,spr+s 9 #ahgd1cbd & is = ! deaf & ! bl9d4 ,x is support$ by a "o-fif? mill tax on ! assess$ prop]ty valuation ( ! /ate4 ,! s*ool is 9 ! h&s ( a bo>d ( five tru/ees1 & is connect$ ) ! /ate bo>d ( education4#cbe ,connecticut4 ,! ,am]ican ,s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,h>t=d 9 #ahag4cbf ,at ! "t ! /ate made an appropriation ( #e1jjj1 & 9 #ahbh began to all[ a c]ta9 sum = ea* /ate pupil1 a policy /ill cont9u$4 ,! s*ool has rema9$ a private corporation1 & its bo>d is made up ( eight vice-presid5ts & eight elect$ directors1 toge!r ) ! gov]nors & secret>ies ( /ate ( ! ,new ,engl& /ates4 ,9 #ahai ,congress gave ! s*ool #bc1jjj acres ( ! public l&1 f :i* almo/ #cjj1jjj has be5 realiz$4 ,gifts f private s\rces h ne>ly equall$ ?is1 ab\t half com+ s9ce #ahej4cbg ,a second s*ool is at ,my/ic1 kn[n z ! ,my/ic ,oral ,s*ool1 ?is hav+ be5 />t$ 9 #ahgj at ,l$y>d1 :]e x rema9$ f\r ye>s4#cbh ,x is "u a bo>d ( t5 corporators4 ,bo? ^! s*ools receive p] capita all[ances f ! /ate1 & are visit$ by ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities4#cbi ,delaw>e4 ,deaf *ildr5 are s5t to s*ools 9 neighbor+ /ates1 ! fir/ provision hav+ be5 made 9 #ahce4 ,! supreme c\rt judges act z tru/ees ex-(ficio1 & recomm5d pupils to ! gov]nor to be plac$4#ccj ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,! ,k5dall ,s*ool1 z x is kn[n1 0 op5$ 9 #aheg1cca & 0 design$ prim>ily = ! *ildr5 ( ! ,di/rict & ( p]sons 9 ! army & navy s]vice4 ,9 #ahfdccb ,congress decid$ to e/abli% a collegiate dep>tm5t = ! deaf ( all ! c\ntry1 :i* 0 fir/ kn[n z ! ,national ,deaf-,mute ,college1 b is n[ ,gallaudet ,college4 ,! ,columbia ,in/itution1 embrac+ bo? ! college & ! ,k5dall ,s*ool1 is support$ by ,congress1 & is 9 ! =m ( a corporation1 ( :i* ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is patron1 & ( ! n9e memb]s ( :i* "o is a ,s5ator & two are memb]s ( ! ,h\se4#ccc ,florida4 ,! /ate s*ool = ! deaf & bl9d 0 op5$ at ,/4 ,augu/9e 9 #ahhe4ccd ,x is n[ 9 ! h&s ( ! /ate bo>d ( control ( educational in/itutions1 :i* also directs ! /ate univ]sity4#cce ,georgia4 ,! /ate began s5d+ "s ( its deaf *ildr5 to ! ,h>t=d s*ool 9 #ahcd4ccf ,a private s*ool 0 />t$ at ,c$> ,spr+s 9 #ahdb1 :i* cont9u$ two ye>s4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,cave ,spr+ 9 #ahdf4ccg ,x is "u a bo>d ( sev5 tru/ees4#cch ,!re is a day s*ool 9 ,atlanta1 support$ by ! city1 & a private "o at ,macon1 bo? op5$ 9 #aiab4 ,idaho4 ,be=e ! op5+ ( a /ate s*ool1 deaf *ildr5 7 s5t to outside in/itutions4#cci ,! s*ool = ! deaf & ! bl9d 0 op5$ at ,boise 9 #aijf1 b 9 #aiaj 0 remov$ to ,good+4 ,x is "u ! /ate bo>d ( education1 & subject to o!r /ate inspection4#cdj ,ill9ois4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 op5$ at ,jacksonville 9 #ahdf1 al?\gh /eps _h be5 tak5 sev]al ye>s be=e = its e/abli%m5t4#cda ,! s*ool is direct$ by ! /ate bo>d ( adm9i/ration1 :ile ! bo>d ( *>ities has moral & audit+ sup]vision4#cdb ,!re are 9 ! /ate five day s*ools1 f\r ( :i* are 9 ,*icago1 ! fir/ hav+ be5 e/abli%$ 9 #ahif1 & ! la/ 9 #aiac4 ,! o!r day s*ool is at ,rock ,isl&1 op5$ 9 #aija4 ,all ^! s*ools are op]at$ "u ! /ate law1 & support$ by city funds4#cdc ,9 ,*icago !re are also two private s*ools3 ! ,ephpheta1 op5$ 9 #ahhd1 & ma9ta9$ by ,/4 ,joseph's ,home = ! ,fri5dless1#cdd & ! ,mc,cowen ,homes = ,deaf ,*ildr51 op5$ 9 #ahhc4cde ,indiana4 ,prior to ! op5+ ( ! /ate s*ool1 "s *ildr5 7 s5t to ,k5tucky & ,ohio = education4 ,9 #ahda a private s*ool 0 />t$ 9 ,p>ke ,c\nty1 :i* la/$ "o ye>4#cdf ,9 #ahdc ano!r private s*ool 0 begun 9 ,indianapolis1 :i* 0 adopt$ by ! /ate 9 #ahdd4cdg ,! s*ool is n[ gov]n$ by a bo>d ( f\r tru/ees1 & is "u ! /ate bo>d ( education1 ) c]ta9 connection also ) ! bo>d ( *>ities4#cdh ,i[a4 ,be=e ! op5+ ( ! /ate s*ool "s pupils 7 s5t to ! s*ool 9 ,ill9ois4 ,9 #ahec a private s*ool 0 />t$ at ,i[a ,city1 :i* 9 #ahee 0 tak5 ov] by ! /ate1#cdi 9 #ahff be+ remov$ to ,c\ncil ,bluffs4#cej ,! s*ool is "u ! /ate bo>d ( control4#cea ,kansas4 ,a private s*ool 0 />t$ 9 #ahfa at ,baldw9 ,city4 ,aft] be+ remov$ to ,topeka 9 #ahfd & back aga9 to ,baldw9 ,city 9 #ahfe1 x 0 tak5 ov] by ! /ate 9 #ahff1ceb & p]man5tly locat$ at ,ola!4 ,! /ate bo>d ( adm9i/ration = educational in/itutions has ! direction ( ! s*ool4#cec ,k5tucky4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,danville 9 #ahbc4ced ,9 #ahbf x receiv$ f ,congress a t[n%ip ( l& 9 ,florida4#cee ,! s*ool is 9 ! h&s ( a bo>d ( twelve commission]s1 & is relat$ to ! /ate dep>tm5t ( education4#cef ,l\isiana4 ,9 #ahcg ! /ate began to s5d "s ( its *ildr5 to s*ools 9 o!r /ates1 _m be+ s5t to ,k5tucky4#ceg ,! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,baton ,r\ge 9 #aheb4ceh ,x is gov]n$ by a bo>d ( tru/ees1 includ+ ! gov]nor & ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction1 & is visit$ by ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities4#cei ,9 ,new ,orleans !re is a day s*ool1 op5$ 9 #aiaa1 & support$ by ! city4#cfj ,at ,*9*uba !re is a private s*ool1 ! ,*9*uba ,deaf-,mute ,in/itute1 "u ! ,si/]s ( ,notre ,dame1 op5$ 9 #ahij4 ,ma9e4 ,9 #ahbe ! /ate began to s5d its *ildr5 to ! ,am]ican ,s*ool1 & lat] to ! s*ools 9 ,massa*usetts z well4#cfa ,9 #ahgf a private s*ool 0 />t$ 9 ,portl& ) aid f ! city1 & ! foll[+ ye> f ! /ate also4#cfb ,9 #ahig ! /ate assum$ *>ge1 ! s*ool be+ plac$ "u a bo>d ( five tru/ees4#cfc ,inspection is made by ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities4 ,m>yl&4 ,9 #ahbg provision 0 made = pupils 9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 & 9 #ahfj 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4#cfd ,9 #ahfhcfe ! ,m>yl& s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,fr$]ick4 ,x is "u a private society1 compos$ ( tw5ty-sev5 visitors1 b is support$ & controll$ by ! /ate4 ,9 #ahgb a dep>tm5t = ! color$ 0 op5$ 9 connection ) ! in/itution = ! bl9d1 n[ locat$ at ,ov]lea4#cff ,bo? ( ^! s*ools are inspect$ by ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities4#cfg ,!re are two private s*ools 9 ,baltimore1 ! ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] "u ! ,mission ,help]s ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t1 op5$ 9 #ahig1 & a dep>tm5t 9 ! ,knapp ,s*ool1 op5$ 9 #ahgg2 & at ,k5s+ton a ,home ,s*ool1 op5$ 9 #aijh4 ,^! s*ools are aid$ by ! /ate4#cfh ,massa*usetts4 ,9 #ahai1 j aft] ! ,am]ican ,s*ool _h be5 e/abli%$1 ,massa*usetts began s5d+ its deaf *ildr5 to x1 :i* policy 0 cont9u$ till ! /ate _h s*ools ( its own4#cfi ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! ,cl>ke ,s*ool at ,nor?ampton1 :i* 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahfg4cgj ,?is _h be5 />t$ at ,*elmes=d ! ye> be=e1 b remov$ to ,nor?ampton :5 a citiz5 ^: "n x be>s (f]$ x #ej1jjj--subsequ5tly add+ to ?is till 8 total gifts rea*$ #cjj1jjj4cga ,9 #ahfh ! legislature provid$ t /ate pupils might be s5t to x4 ,! s*ool is "u a bo>d ( twelve corporators4 ,! ,new ,engl& ,indu/rial ,s*ool 0 op5$ at ,bev]ly 9 #ahgi1cgb = ! purpose ( tea*+ language & indu/rial tra9+4 ,x is "u a bo>d ( ?irte5 incorporators4 ,! ,bo/on ,s*ool at ,r&olph 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahii1 & is "u ! ,si/]s ( ,/4 ,joseph4#cgc ,9 ,bo/on !re is a day s*ool1 kn[n z ! ,horace ,mann ,s*ool1 op5$ 9 #ahfi1 & direct$ by ! city4#cgd ,! ,s>ah ,full] ,home is at ,we/ ,m$=d1 & 0 op5$ 9 #ahhh4cge ,all ^! s*ools receive /ate appropriations1 & are sup]vis$ by ! /ate dep>tm5t ( education4#cgf ,mi*igan4 ,action 0 tak5 9 #ahdh t[>ds ! e/abli%m5t ( an in/itution1 b x 0 n till #ahed t ! s*ool 0 op5$1 ,fl9t be+ *os5 z ! site4#cgg ,9 #ahej ! /ate grant$ ! s*ool fifte5 sections ( its salt spr+ l&s1 lat] increas+ ! numb] to tw5ty-five1 :i* am\nt$ 9 all to #af1jjj acres4#cgh ,! s*ool is "u a bo>d ( ?ree tru/ees1 & is visit$ by ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities & corrections4#cgi ,!re are f\rte5 day s*ools 9 ! /ate1 op]at+ "u ! /ate law3#chj ,bay ,city1 op5$ 9 #aija2 ,calumet1 #aijb2 ,detroit1 #ahid2 ,gr& ,rapids1 #ahih2 ,h\ghton1 #aijh2 ,iron ,m\nta91 #aijf2 ,ironwood1 #aijc2 ,jackson1 #aiab2 ,kalamazoo1 #aijd2 ,mani/ee1 #aijd2 ,m>quette1 #aijg2 ,sag9aw1 #aija2 ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie1 #aijf2 & ,trav]se ,city1 #aijd4 ,!re is a private s*ool at ,nor? ,detroit1 ! ,evangelical ,lu!ran ,deaf-,mute ,in/itute1 op5$ 9 #ahgc4cha ,m9nesota4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 op5$ at ,f>ibault 9 #ahfc1 ?\gh x _h be5 plann$ 9 #aheh4chb ,! s*ool is gov]n$ by a bo>d ( sev5 directors1 includ+ ! gov]nor & ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction1 :ile ! /ate bo>d ( control has ! f9ancial adm9i/ration4#chc ,!re is a day s*ool 9 ,/4 ,paul1 op5$ 9 #aiac1 & support$ by ! city & ) private aid4#chd ,mississippi4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 op5$ at ,jackson 9 #ahed4che ,x is 9 ! h&s ( a bo>d ( six tru/ees1 includ+ ! gov]nor4#chf ,miss\ri4 ,a s*ool "u ,ca?olic auspices 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,/4 ,l\is 9 #ahcg1 to :i* ! /ate s5t "s ( its *ildr51 :ile o!rs 7 s5t to s*ools 9 o!r /ates4#chg ,! /ate s*ool 0 op5$ at ,fulton 9 #ahea4chh ,x is gov]n$ by a bo>d ( five manag]s1 & is visit$ by ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities4#chi ,!re is a day s*ool 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 f\nd$ 9 #ahgh1 & manag$ z "p ( ! public s*ool sy/em4 ,9 ! same city is a private s*ool1 "u ! ,si/]s ( ,/4 ,joseph1 op5$ 9 #ahhe & (fspr+ ( ! s*ool ( #ahcg4 ,x is kn[n z ! ,immaculate ,conception ,in/itute1 & is "p ( a conv5t & orphans' home4#cij ,montana4 ,be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool1 deaf *ildr5 7 s5t to s*ools 9 o!r /ates4#cia ,! /ate in/itution = ! deaf & bl9d 0 op5$ at ,b\ld] 9 #ahic1cib #ej1jjj acres ( ! public l& hav+ be5 giv5 by ,congress = its b5efit4 ,x is "u a bo>d ( n9e tru/ees1 appo9t$ by ! /ate bo>d ( education1 ) a local executive bo>d ( ?ree1 !re be+ o!r /ate inspection also4#cic ,nebraska4 ,be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool1 deaf *ildr5 7 s5t to ,i[a4#cid ,9 #ahfi ! /ate s*ool 0 op5$ at ,omaha4#cie ,x is gov]n$ by ! /ate bo>d ( control ( /ate in/itutions4#cif ,nevada4 ,deaf *ildr5 h be5 s5t s9ce #ahfi to ,cali=nia or ,utah = education1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction contract+ = !m4#cig ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,9 #ahba ! /ate began s5d+ its deaf *ildr5 to ! s*ool at ,h>t=d4#cih ,!y are n[ s5t to ! s*ools 9 ! sev]al ,new ,engl& /ates1 z ! gov]nor & c\ncil may direct1 on ! recomm5dation ( ! bo>d ( control4#cii ,new ,j]sey4 ,9 #ahba ! /ate began to provide = ! education ( its deaf *ildr5 9 ! s*ools 9 ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,york4#djj ,9 #ahhc ! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,tr5ton4#dja ,x is relat$ to ! /ate dep>tm5t ( education4#djb ,!re are two day s*ools 9 ! /ate1 at ,new>k & ,j]sey ,city1 bo? op5$ 9 #aiaj1 & op]at+ "u ! /ate law4#djc ,new ,mexico4 ,a private s*ool 0 op5$ at ,santa ,fe 9 #ahhe1 :i* 9 #ahhg 0 tak5 ov] by ! t]ritory4#djd ,x 0 giv5 #ej1jjj acres ( ! public l&1 & on ! admission ( ,new ,mexico z a /ate1 ?is 0 increas$ to #ajj1jjj4 ,! s*ool is direct$ by a bo>d ( six tru/ees4#dje ,new ,york4 ,!re are 9 ?is /ate eight in/itutions1 ?ree day s*ools1 & two private s*ools4 ,! in/itutions are all private corporations receiv+ /ate aid4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution = ! ,in/ruction ( ! ,deaf & ,dumb1 :i* 0 op5$ 9 #ahah 9 ,new ,york ,city4#djf ,9 #ahai ! /ate began to make appropriations4 ,! s*ool is gov]n$ by a bo>d ( tw5ty-"o tru/ees4#djg ,! next s*ool 0 ,le ,c\teulx ,/4 ,m>y's ,in/itution = ! ,improv$ ,in/ruction ( ,deaf-,mutes1 organiz$ 9 ,buffalo 9 #ahec by a b5evol5t society1 & op5$ 9 #ahfb4 ,9 #ahgb x came )9 ! /ate law z to public aid4#djh ,x is controll$ by a bo>d ( sev5 manag]s4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city 9 #ahfg ! ,new ,york ,in/itution = ! ,improv$ ,in/ruction ( ,deaf-,mutes 0 e/abli%$1 :i* _h result$ f a private class4 ,x is 9 ! h&s ( an association =m$ = ! purpose1 ! managem5t be+ ve/$ 9 a bo>d ( tw5ty-"o tru/ees4#dji ,9 #ahfi ,/4 ,joseph's ,in/itution 0 op5$ 9 ,new ,york ,city1 a bran* be+ creat$ 9 ,brooklyn 9 #ahgd4daj ,x is "u ! control ( ! ,ladies ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t ( ,m>y1 & direct$ by a bo>d ( sev5 manag]s4 ,! ,c5tral ,new ,york ,in/itution 0 op5$ at ,rome 9 #ahge1 & is gov]n$ by a bo>d ( fifte5 tru/ees4#daa ,! ,we/]n ,new ,york ,in/itution 0 e/abli%$ at ,ro*e/] 9 #ahgf1 & has tw5ty-"o tru/ees4#dab ,! ,nor!rn ,new ,york ,in/itution 0 e/abli%$ at ,malone 9 #ahhd1 & is "u a bo>d ( fifte5 tru/ees4#dac ,! ,albany ,home ,s*ool = ! ,oral ,in/ruction ( ! ,deaf 0 op5$ 9 #ahhi z a private affair1 & came "u ! /ate law 9 #ahib4dad ,x has a bo>d ( eight tru/ees4 ,! ,new ,york law admitt+ *ildr5 into ^! sev]al in/itutions is peculi>1 pupils "u twelve ye>s ( age be+ s5t z *>ges ( ! c\nties1 & ^? ov] t age z /ate pupils1 :o are appo9t$ by ! /ate commission] ( education4 ,! s*ools are visit$ bo? by ! dep>tm5ts ( education & ( *>ities4#dae ,! ?ree day s*ools are 9 ,new ,york ,city1 "o 9 ,manhattan1 op5$ 9 #aijh1 "o 9 ,brooklyn1 op5$ 9 #aiaj1 & "o 9 ,que5s1 op5$ 9 #aiaa1 ! la/ two be+ annexes ( ! fir/4 ,! two private s*ools are also 9 ?is city3 ! ,wright ,oral1 op5$ 9 #ahid1 & ! ,r5o ,m>gulies1 op5$ 9 #aija4daf ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,a s*ool 0 plann$ 9 ?is /ate 9 #ahbh1 b x did n come into be+ till #ahde1 :5 ! /ate in/itution 0 e/abli%$ at ,raleigh1#dag :i* 0 = bo? ! deaf & ! bl9d4 ,9 #ahid a s*ool 0 op5$ at ,morganton = ! :ite deaf1#dah ! color$ rema9+ 9 a dep>tm5t ( ! =m] s*ool4 ,bo? s*ools are controll$ by bo>ds ( directors--elev5 = ! ,raleigh & sev5 = ! ,morganton--& are inspect$ by ! dep>tm5ts ( education & ( *>ities4#dai ,nor? ,dakota4 ,prior to ! op5+ ( a /ate s*ool1 *ildr5 7 s5t to s*ools 9 o!r /ates4 ,9 #ahij ! /ate in/itution 0 creat$ at ,devil's ,lake4#dbj ,x is 9 *>ge ( ! /ate bo>d ( control4#dba ,on ! admission ( ,nor? ,dakota z a /ate1 #dj1jjj acres ( ! public l& 7 set aside = ! b5efit ( ! s*ool4 ,x is fur!r support$ by a tax ( six p] c5t ( "o mill on ! assess$ prop]ty valuation ( ! /ate4#dbb ,ohio4 ,a movem5t 0 on foot = ! e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool at ,c9c9nati 9 #ahba1 b did n succe$4 ,a private s*ool 0 op5$ 9 #ahbg at ,tallmadge1 :i* la/$ two ye>s4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,columbus 9 #ahbi4dbc ,x is n[ 9 ! h&s ( ! /ate bo>d ( adm9i/ration4#dbd ,five day s*ools are 9 op]ation 9 ! /ate3 ,c9c9nati1 op5$ 9 #ahhf2 ,clevel&1 #ahib2 ,dayton1 #ahii2 ,a%tabula1 #aijc2 & ,tol$o1 #aiaa4dbe ,!re are two private s*ools 9 ,c9c9nati3 "o1 ! ,notre ,dame1 "u ! ,si/]s ( ,notre ,dame1 op5$ 9 #ahij1 & ! o!r 9 #aijf4dbf ,oklahoma4 ,be=e creat+ an in/itution ( its own1 ,oklahoma provid$ = ! education ( its deaf *ildr5 9 a private s*ool at ,gu?rie1 :i* _h be5 op5$ 9 #ahih4dbg ,9 #aijh ! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,sulphur1#dbh & 9 #aiji a second s*ool 0 op5$ at ,taft1 kn[n z ! ,indu/rial ,in/itute = ! ,deaf1 ! ,bl9d & ,orphans ( ! ,color$ ,race4#dbi ,! =m] s*ool is direct$ by a bo>d ( f\r tru/ees1 & ! latt] by a bo>d ( five reg5ts1 ! /ate sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction be+ a memb] ( ea*4 ,! s*ools are relat$ to ! /ate dep>tm5t ( education1 & are inspect$ by t ( *>ities4#dcj ,oregon4 ,a private s*ool 0 />t$ at ,salem 9 #ahgj1 :i* 9 #ahgd 0 tak5 ov] by ! /ate4#dca ,x is n[ adm9i/]$ by ! /ate bo>d ( control4#dcb ,!re is a day s*ool 9 ,portl&1 op5$ 9 #aijh1 & support$ by ! city4 ,p5nsylvania4 ,!re are f\r in/itutions & two private s*ools 9 ?is /ate4 ,two ( ! in/itutions are private corporations receiv+ /ate aid1 & two are /ate-own$ s*ools4 ,! fir/ to be e/abli%$ 0 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 :i* 0 op5$ 9 #ahbj 9 ,philadelphia4#dcc ,fri5ds ( ?is s*ool h be5 g5]\s f ! />t1 & x has probably receiv$ sev]al hundr$ ?\s& doll>s 9 gifts4 ,! gov]n+ bo>d is compos$ ( tw5ty-sev5 memb]s4#dcd ,! ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution ne> ,pittsburg 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahgf1 & 0 ! result ( a *ur* mission :i* _h begun 9 #ahfh & develop$ into a day s*ool4 ,x is direct$ also by a bo>d ( tw5ty-sev5 memb]s4#dce ,! ,p5nsylvania ,oral ,s*ool 0 f\nd$ at ,scranton 9 #ahhc4 ,x 0 a private in/itution till #aiac1 :5 x 0 made a /ate s*ool4 ,x is gov]n$ by a bo>d ( eighte5 tru/ees1 six ( :om are appo9t$ by ! gov]nor4#dcf ,! ,home = ! ,tra9+ 9 ,spee* ( ,deaf ,*ildr5 be=e !y are ( s*ool age 0 />t$ 9 ,philadelphia 9 #ahib z a private s*ool1 & !n adopt$ by ! /ate4#dcg ,x is "u a bo>d ( five tru/ees4 ,all ^! s*ools receive appropriations f ! /ate1 & are visit$ by ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities4#dch ,! private s*ools are ! ,=re/ ,hall 9 ,philadelphia1 op5$ 9 #aija1 ! ,de ,paul ,in/itute ( ,pittsburg1 op5$ 9 #aijh1 & ! ,ar*bi%op ,ryan ,memorial ,in/itute 9 ,philadelphia1 op5$ 9 #aiab4 ,to ^! a c]ta9 am\nt ( /ate aid is grant$4#dci ,rhode ,isl&4 ,9 #ahdb ! /ate began to s5d its deaf *ildr5 to ! s*ool at ,h>t=d1 a policy cont9u$ till a local s*ool 0 creat$4#ddj ,9 #ahgg a class = ! deaf 0 />t$ 9 ,provid5ce1 = ! b5efit ( :i* ! /ate made appropriations1 & :i* 0 soon tak5 ov] z a /ate s*ool4#dda ,x is n[ "u a bo>d ( elev5 tru/ees1 includ+ ! gov]nor & lieut5ant-gov]nor1 & is relat$ to ! /ate bo>d ( education4#ddb ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,a s*ool 0 propos$ 9 ?is /ate 9 #ahba1ddc b x 0 "s ye>s lat] t "o 0 e/abli%$4 ,9 #ahcd ! /ate began s5d+ deaf *ildr5 to ! ,h>t=d s*ool4#ddd ,9 #ahdi a private s*ool 0 op5$ at ,c$> ,spr+s z a dep>tm5t 9 a he>+ s*ool1 & 9 #aheg ?is 0 adopt$ by ! /ate4#dde ,! s*ool is = ! deaf & bl9d1 & is "u a bo>d ( five commission]s1 "o ( :om is ! /ate sup]9t5d5t ( education4#ddf ,s\? ,dakota4 ,9 #ahhj a private s*ool 0 />t$ at ,si\x ,falls :i* ! t]ritory ( ,dakota soon took ov]1#ddg be=e ?is "s ( ! deaf hav+ be5 s5t to ! s*ools 9 ,i[a1 ,nebraska & ,m9nesota4 ,9 #ahhi :5 ,s\? ,dakota 0 admitt$ z a /ate1 ! s*ool 0 reta9$ at ! same location2 & ,congress grant$ x #dj1jjj acres ( ! public l&4 ,! s*ool is "u ! direction ( ! /ate bo>d ( control4#ddh ,a private s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,lead 9 #aiaa1 kn[n z ! ,black ,hills ,s*ool4 ,t5nessee4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,knoxville 9 #ahde4ddi ,x is "u a bo>d ( f\rte5 tru/ees1 includ+ ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction1 & is visit$ by ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities4#dej ,texas4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,au/9 9 #aheg1dea receiv+ #ajj1jjj acres ( ! public l& :i* _h be5 set ap>t by ! /ate = its sev]al eleemosyn>y in/itutions4 ,9 #ahhg a s*ool = ! color$ deaf & bl9d 0 op5$ 9 ! same city4#deb ,! s*ools are ea* "u a bo>d ( five tru/ees4#dec ,utah4 ,9 #ahhd a class = ! deaf 0 begun at ! /ate univ]sity at ,ogd51 & 9 #ahhh a dep>tm5t 0 creat$4 ,9 #ahib ! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$4#ded ,x is = bo? ! deaf & ! bl9d1 & is "u a bo>d ( six tru/ees1 includ+ ! attorney-g5]al4#dee ,on ! admission ( ,utah z a /ate1 #bjj1jjj acres ( ! public l& 7 be/[$ ^u ! s*ool4 ,v]mont4 ,9 #ahbe ! /ate began to s5d pupils to ! ,am]ican ,s*ool1#def & lat] to ! s*ools 9 ,massa*usetts z well4#deg ,9 #aiab a s*ool = ! deaf & bl9d 0 e/abli%$ at ,brattleboro1 kn[n z ! ,au/9e ,in/itute4 ,x is a private in/itution1 ) a bo>d ( six tru/ees1 b receiv+ /ate aid & "u /ate sup]vision4#deh ,virg9ia4 ,a private s*ool 0 />t$ 9 #ahab 9 ,goo*l& ,c\nty1 !nce mov$ to ,cobbs1 & f9ally to ,man*e/]1 com+ to an end 9 #ahai4 ,! /ate s*ool = ! deaf & ! bl9d 0 e/abli%$ at ,/aunton 9 #ahci1 ?\gh plann$ sev]al ye>s be=e4#dei ,9 #aiji a s*ool = ! color$ deaf & bl9d 0 creat$ at ,newport ,news4#dfj ,! fir/ s*ool is "u a bo>d ( sev5 tru/ees1 includ+ ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction1 & ! second "u a bo>d ( five4 ,bo? are visit$ by ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities4#dfa ,wa%+ton4 ,be=e ! creation ( a /ate s*ool "s ( ! deaf *ildr5 7 s5t to ,oregon = in/ruction4#dfb ,9 #ahhe a private s*ool 0 />t$ at ,tacoma1 :i* la/$ "o ye>4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,vanc\v] 9 #ahhf4dfc ,x is gov]n$ by ! /ate bo>d ( control4#dfd ,at ,seattle & ,tacoma !re are day s*ools support$ by ! respective cities1 ! =m] op5$ 9 #aijf & ! latt] 9 #aijh4 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,! /ate s*ool = ! deaf & ! bl9d 0 op5$ at ,romney 9 #ahgj1dfe be=e :i* "t *ildr5 _h be5 s5t to ! s*ools 9 ,virg9ia & ,ohio4#dff ,! s*ool is "u a bo>d ( n9e reg5ts1 :ile ! /ate bo>d ( control has *>ge ( f9ancial affairs4#dfg ,wiscons94 ,prior to ! e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool ( its own1 ,wiscons9 s5t "s ( its deaf *ildr5 to ! ,ill9ois ,s*ool4 ,! /ate in/itution1 :i* _h be5 plann$ 9 #ahdc1 0 op5$ 9 #aheb at ,delavan1 result+ f a private s*ool />t$ two ye>s previ\sly4#dfh ,x is "u ! direction ( ! /ate bo>d ( control4#dfi ,!re are #bd day s*ools 9 ! /ate1 op]at+ "u ! /ate law3#dgj ,antigo1 op5$ 9 #aijf2 ,appleton1 #ahif2 ,a%l&1 #ahih2 ,black ,riv] ,falls1 #ahig2 ,bloom+ton1 #aijf2 ,eau ,claire1 #ahie2 ,fond du ,lac1 #ahie2 ,gre5 ,bay1 #ahig2 ,k5o%a1 #aiac2 ,la ,crosse1 #ahii2 ,madison1 #aijh2 ,m>9ette1 #ahie2 ,m>%field1 #aiab2 ,milwaukee1 #ahih2 ,m9]al ,po9t1 #aiab2 ,new ,london1 #aijf2 ,o%ko%1 #ahie2 ,platteville1 #aijf2 ,rac9e1 #aijj2 ,rice ,lake1 #aijg2 ,%eboygan1 #ahid2 ,/ev5s ,po9t1 #aije2 ,we/ ,sup]ior1 #ahig2 & ,wausau1 #ahij4 ,a private s*ool1 ! ,/4 ,john's ,in/itute1 0 e/abli%$ at ,/4 ,francis 9 #ahgf1 & is conduct$ by ! ,si/]s ( ! ,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,wyom+4 ,deaf *ildr5 h be5 s5t s9ce #ahhf to ! s*ools 9 ,cali=nia1 ,utah1 ,colorado & ,montana1 ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities & re=m hav+ !m 9 *>ge4#dga ,! ,am]ican ,possessions4 ,outside ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates prop] v little has be5 done = ! education ( ! deaf4 ,9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s a s*ool has be5 e/abli%$1 ?is be+ op5$ at ,manila 9 #aijg4dgb ,a s*ool "u ,roman ,ca?olic auspices 0 />t$ 9 ,porto ,rico 9 #aiaa2 & x is possible t "o "u ! direction ( ! /ate w be creat$ 9 "t1 a s*ool = ! bl9d hav+ already be5 op5$4 ,9 ,alaska !re is no s*ool1 ?\gh ! deaf h be5 look$ aft] to "s ext5t by mission>ies4#dgc ,no provision has be5 made 9 ! ,panama ,canal ,zone or ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s4#dgd ,,footnotes3 #cac ,laws1 #ahdc-d1 p4 #dc2 #ahei-fj1 p4 #cdd4 #cad ,laws1 *4 #bji4 #cae ,laws1 #ahgj1 p4 #ie2 #ahga1 p4 #hi2 #ahgi1 p4 #cd2 #ahhg1 p4 #gj2 #ahhi1 p4 #bi2 #ahic1 p4 #idc2 #aija1 p4 #be2 #aijd1 p4 #de2 #aijg1 p4 #aa2 ,code1 #aijg1 ,sec4 #aicc;ff4 ,! s*ool has receiv$ a gift ( #e1jjj = %ops4 #caf ,laws1 #ahia1 *4 #id2 #ahie1 *4 #aj2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aija1 ,sec4,sec4 #bbfg-bbga4 #cag ,laws1 #aiab1 p4 #adi4 #cah ,to ?is ! legislature appropriat$ a small sum4 ,ano!r private s*ool 0 />t$ at ,=t ,smi? 9 #ahfj1 b la/$ only "o ye>4 #cai ,acts1 ,july #ag1 #ahfh2 ,april #i1 #ahfi2 ,dige/1 #ahgd1 p4 #bjd4 ,!re 7 a few gifts at fir/1 & aid came also f ! city4 ,! /ate grant$ two tracts ( l&1 "o ( #ajj acres4 #cbj ,laws1 #ahhc1 p4 #ahb2 #ahia1 *4 #aee2 #ahic1 *s4 #ca1 #abf2 #ahie1 *4 #aea2 #aije1 *4 #bef2 #aiji1 *4 #ef2 ,dige/1 #aijd1 ,sec4 #dabi;ff4 #cba ,laws1 #ahfj1 pp4 #baa1 #bgg2 #ahfa1 p4 #ha2 #ahfc1 p4 #ehc2 #ahfe1 p4 #egi2 #ahgd1 p4 #gea2 #ahge1 p4 #fhf4 ,9 ! beg9n+ !re 7 contributions f fri5ds & proce$s f fairs4 ,! city ( ,san ,francisco gave #g1jjj = a site1 & ! c\nty a lot4 #cbb ,laws1 #aije1 *4 #chb2 ,pol4 ,code1 #aiji1 ,sec4 #bbcf;ff4 ,9 addition to ! funds giv5 at fir/1 ov] #ej1jjj has be5 donat$ to ! s*ool1 ?ree-f\r?s com+ f "o s\rce 9 #ahga4 #cbc ,laws1 #aijc1 p4 #hh2 ,code1 ,sec4 #afah4 ,sep>ate classes 7oral7 may be e/abli%$ by city bo>ds or di/rict tru/ees :]e !re are five or m pupils1 #c to #ba ye>s ( age4 ,!re 7 day s*ools 9 ,fresno f #aijd to #aijf1 & 9 ,san ,diego f #aiab to #aiac2 & private s*ools 9 ,san ,francisco & ,oakl& f #ahih to #aijj4 #cbd ,act ,feb4 #ac1 #ahgd2 ,g54 ,laws1 #ahgg1 p4 #fec4 ,! s*ool result$ l>gely f ! action ( "s public-spirit$ m54 ,x 0 e/abli%$ on condition t #e acres be giv51 & x receiv$ #ab4 #cbe ,laws1 #ahhe1 p4 #bgg2 #ahia1 p4 #chh2 #ahie1 *4 #ih2 #aiji1 p4 #ccc2 ,ann4 ,/at1 #aijh1 ,sec4 #dcac;ff42 #aiab1 ,sec4 #ejji;ff4 ,! s*ool has be5 ! recipi5t ( #cj1jjj or m1 l>gely f two m54 #cbf ,a *>t] 0 grant$ 9 ,may1 #ahaf4 ,see ,laws1 #ahbi1 *4 #bd2 #ahcg1 p4 #bf2 #ahdc1 p4 #bf4 #cbg ,at ! beg9n+ ab\t #cj1jjj 0 rais$ = ! s*ool4 #cbh ,?is 0 kn[n z ! ,:ipple ,s*ool at fir/4 ,9 #ahih x 0 made a jo9t /ock corporation1 capitaliz$ at #h1ejj4 ,x began to receive /ate aid 9 #ahgb4 ,act ,july #bd2 ,laws1 #ahgd1 p4 #h4 #cbi ,laws1 #ahie1 p4 #ade2 #aijc1 *4 #bjg2 #aiaa1 *4 #dg2 ,rev4 ,laws1 #aijb1 ,sec4 #ahca4 ,! p] capita all[ance is #bge4 ,9 #ahfj a private s*ool 0 op5$ at ,h>t=d1 la/+ "o ye>4 #ccj ,! c\nties paid ! co/ at fir/4 ,act ,m>* #d1 #ahce2 ,laws1 #ahda1 p4 #dah2 #ahdc1 p4 #dah2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aheb1 p4 #ach2 ,laws1 #ahfj1 *4 #aai2 #ahge1 *4 #eh2 #ahii1 *4 #bde2 #aijg1 *4 #adc2 ,rev4 ,code1 #ahic1 pp4 #chh-cij4 ,! presid5t ( ! /ate hospital = ! insane is au?oriz$ to visit ! s*ools to :i* pupils are s5t4 #cca ,/at41 #aheg1 *4 #df2 #ahfj1 *4 #abj4 ,an unsuccessful attempt _h be5 made a ye> or two be=e to />t a s*ool4 ,to ! new s*ool #d1jjj ( a =m] orphans' home 0 turn$ ov]4 #ccb ,/at41 #ahfd1 *4 #abj2 #ahfh1 *4 #bfb4 #ccc ,u4 ,s4 ,comp4 ,/at41 #aija1 pp4 #ccfe-ga4 ,color$ *ildr5 are s5t to ,m>yl& = education4 ,to ! college & s*ool #be1jjj or m 0 giv5 at ! beg9n+1 funds com+ f sev]al cities 9 ! ,ea/4 ,a few acres ( l& 7 also giv54 ,= two ye>s support l>gely came f private funds4 ,9 ! college !re are n[ #ajj full s*ol>%ips4 ,9 ,wa%+ton also an exp]im5tal s*ool 0 op5$ 9 #ahhc1 cont9u+ ?ree ye>s4 ,ano!r private s*ool 0 />t$ 9 #ahef1 la/+ "o ye>4 #ccd ,laws1 #ahhc1 *4 #cdej4 ,! s*ool result$ f ! "w ( ! ,association = ! ,promotion ( ! ,education ( ! ,deaf & ! ,bl9d4 ,! city gave #e acres ( l& & #a1jjj1 & 9 #aije gave #aj acres fur!r4 #cce ,laws1 #ahie1 no4 #da2 #aijc1 *4 #ajd2 ,g54 ,/at41 #aijf1 ,sec4,sec4 #dah-dbe4 ,a dep>tm5t = color$ pupils 0 op5$ 9 #ahie4 #ccf ,laws1 #ahcd1 p4 #bha2 #ahch1 p4 #ib2 #ahdb1 p4 #bd4 ,an appropriation1 fir/ ( #c1ejj1 !n ( #d1ejj1 0 made4 #ccg ,laws1 #ahde1 p4 #be2 #ahdg1 p4 #id2 #aheb1 p4 #hj2 #ahed1 p4 #cj2 #ahef1 p4 #aei2 #aheh1 p4 #dg2 #ahfj1 p4 #bg4 ,x 0 fir/ "p ( an academy4 ,ano!r private s*ool 0 e/abli%$ at ,lex+ton 9 #ahef1 b x too 0 %ort liv$4 ,at ! s*ool at ,c$> ,spr+s !re 7 sev]al /ate pupils4 #cch ,laws1 #ahgf1 p4 #cj2 #ahgg1 p4 #cb2 #ahha1 p4 #if2 #ahib1 p4 #hc2 #ahig1 p4 #hc2 ,code1 #aiaa1 ,sec4 #adaf;ff4 ,9 #ahhb a dep>tm5t 0 creat$ = ! color$4 ,= a "t ! deaf & ! bl9d 7 all[$ free transportation on ! /ate-own$ railroad4 ,laws1 #ahec1 p4 #ig4 ,! s*ool has receiv$ a gift ( #ejj4 #cci ,laws1 #ahia1 p4 #bbf2 #ahii1 p4 #afb4 #cdj ,laws1 #aijg1 p4 #bdj2 #aiji1 p4 #cgi2 ,rev4 ,code1 #aijh1 ,sec4 #hjj;ff4 ,! s*ool has be5 giv5 #bj acres ( l&4 ,9 ?is /ate1 #aej1jjj acres ( public l& are grant$ to ! *>itable & o!r in/itutions1 ! s*ool = ! deaf n be+ m5tion$ by "n4 #cda ,laws1 #ahci1 p4 #afb2 #ahde1 p4 #ic2 #ahdg1 p4 #dg2 #ahdi1 pp4 #ic1 #afc2 #ahea1 p4 #ajb2 #ahec1 p4 #ij2 #aheg1 p4 #hd2 #ahge1 p4 #ajd4 ,x seems t at fir/ "o-f\r? ( ! int]e/ ( ! s*ool fund 0 all[$ to ! in/itution1 b 9 #ahea a tax ( "o-six? mill 0 laid = its b5efit1 :i* la/$ f\r ye>s4 #cdb ,laws1 #ahig1 *4 #bc2 #aiji1 p4 #ajb2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aiji1 *4 #bc4 ,! s*ool has be5 giv5 five acres ( l& by ! city1 & a private gift ( #b1jjj4 #cdc ,laws1 #ahig1 p4 #bij2 #aije1 p4 #cgc2 #aiaa1 p4 #ejb2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aiji1 p4 #bjac4 ,! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction may grant p]mission = tea*+ "o or m classes ( n less ?an ?ree pupils1 av]age att5dance1 9 ! public s*ools4 ,! am\nt au?oriz$ f ! /ate is n to exce$ #aaj = ea* pupil4 ,! fir/ ,*icago s*ool 0 a private "o1 e/abli%$ 9 #ahgj1 & la/+ "o ye>4 ,9 #ahgd ano!r s*ool 0 op5$1 :i* 0 tak5 ov] by ! city 9 #ahge4 ,! /ate all[$ x #ae1jjj1 & appropriat$ #e1jjj a ye> till #ahhg1 in/ead ( creat+ an in/itution 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! /ate4 ,see ,laws1 #ahgi1 p4 #bj2 ,report ( ,ill9ois ,in/itution1 #ahgd1 p4 #gf2 ,p4 ,a4 ,em]y1 ,brief ,hi/orical ,sket* ( ,*icago ,deaf-,mute ,s*ools1 #ahhf4 ,!re has be5 connection betwe5 ! ,*icago s*ools & ! ,mc,cowen ,homes4 ,o!r day s*ools 9 ,ill9ois h be53 ,la ,salle1 #ahih-ahii2 ,/reator #ahih-aije2 ,d]9da1 #ahii-aijj2 ,rock=d1 #aija-aije2 ,mol9e1 #aija-aijh2 ,gal5a1 #aijb-aijc2 ,dundee1 #aijc-aijd2 ,aurora1 #aijc-aiab2 & ,elg91 #aije-aijf4 ,9 #aiac !re 7 elev5 day s*ools 9 ,*icago1 :i* 7 consolidat$ into f\r4 ,9 ?is city a vacation s*ool is also ma9ta9$ = ! deaf4 #cdd ,?is s*ool has receiv$ among o!r gifts a beque/ ( #dc1jjj1 a donation ( #ae1jjj f a ladies' society1 & ( #dj1jjj f fri5ds4 #cde ,?is s*ool is "u a bo>d ( twelve tru/ees4 ,x has receiv$ "s private gifts1 9 addition to an end[m5t fund f its fir/ tru/ees4 ,!re 0 9 ,*icago a private s*ool = adults f #aije to #aiac4 #cdf ,?is s*ool 0 taught by a deaf man l>gely at 8 own exp5se4 ,9 #ahdb ! /ate grant$ x #bjj4 ,a c5sus ( ! deaf 0 au?oriz$ 9 #ahci4 ,laws1 p4 #eh4 #cdg ,laws1 #ahdc1 *4 #gj2 #ahdd1 *4 #af2 #ahde1 *4 #fi2 #ahdh1 *4 #ei2 #ahfe1 p4 #abd2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aheb1 p4 #bdc4 ,= ! b5efit ( ! s*ool a tax levy 0 laid1 fir/ ( two mills1 !n ( five1 & lat] ( fifte51 :i* cont9u$ till #ahea1 nett+ ! s*ool "s #ej1jjj4 #cdh ,laws1 #ahia1 *4 #ahf2 #ahie1 p4 #aeg2 #ahii1 *4 #aah2 #aijg1 *4 #ih2 #aiji1 *4 #adf2 ,ann4 ,/at41 #aijh1 p4 #aja;ff4 ,!re 0 a private s*ool at ,evansville f #ahhf to #aijb4 #cdi ,code1 #ahea1 *4 #gc2 ,laws #ahec1 *4 #bf2 #ahee1 *s4 #ef1 #hg4 ,an appropriation 0 made to ! s*ool :ile /ill a private "o4 #cej ,laws1 *4 #acf4 #cea ,code1 #ahig1 p4 #ibf;ff42 ,laws1 #aijb1 *4 #abb2 #aiji1 *4 #age2 #aiac1 p4 #bee2 ,code1 #aijg1 p4 #fbb;ff4 ,!re 0 a private s*ool at ,dubuque f #ahhh to #ahii1 :i* receiv$ contributions1 proce$s ( fairs1 etc41 ( sev]al ?\s& doll>s4 ,x 0 hop$ t ?is w\ld be made a /ate s*ool = ! *ildr5 ( ,ea/]n ,i[a4 #ceb ,laws1 #ahfb1 p4 #ie2 #ahfd1 *4 #ej2 #ahfe1 *4 #cf2 #ahff1 *4 #dh2 #ahga1 *4 #cd2 #ahgc1 *4 #ace2 #ahgg1 *4 #acj4 ,to ! private s*ool ! /ate grant$ "s aid4 ,! s*ool 0 locat$ at ,ola! on condition t #bj acres ( l& be giv5 = a site1 & #aej = its b5efit4 #cec ,laws1 #aija1 *4 #cec2 #aije1 *s4 #chd1 #dge2 ,g54 ,/at41 #aiji1 ,sec4 #hdcg;ff4 #ced ,laws1 #ahbb1 p4 #agi2 #ahbd1 p4 #deb2 #ahcf1 p4 #cgi4 ,a private s*ool 0 op5$ at ,hopk9sville 9 #ahdd1 :i* la/$ t5 ye>s4 ,pupils 7 receiv$ f sev]al /ates4 ,annals1 xliv41 #ahii1 p4 #cei4 #cee ,?is grant seems n to h be5 wisely adm9i/]$1 b ov] #eg1jjj 0 realiz$ f x4 #cef ,laws1 #ahej1 p4 #bc2 #ahea1 *4 #bf2 #aheb1 p4 #ceg2 #ahed1 p4 #ae2 #ahgj1 p4 #b2 #ahhb1 p4 #af2 #aiab1 *4 #ga2 ,/at41 #aiji1 ,sec4 #bgj;ff4 ,a dep>tm5t = ! color$ 0 creat$ 9 #ahhd4 ,laws1 p4 #age4 ,!re h be5 "s private gifts to ! s*ool1 am\nt+ to ab\t sev5 ?\s& doll>s4 #ceg ,see ,laws1 #ahch1 p4 #i2 ,dige/1 #ahdb1 *4 #ci2 ,report ( ,k5tucky ,s*ool1 #ahdh1 p4 #h4 #ceh ,laws1 #aheb1 p4 #bbj2 #ahff1 p4 #abd2 #ahga1 p4 #bjc2 #ahhh1 p4 #ea4 #cei ,laws1 #ahih1 *4 #aff2 #aijh1 *4 #bci2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aijd1 pp4 #egi-ehb4 #cfj ,a day s*ool 0 also ma9ta9$ "h f #ahhf to #ahia4 #cfa ,laws1 #ahbc1 p4 #bcc2 #ahbd1 p4 #cec2 #ahbi1 p4 #be2 #ahdj1 *4 #gj2 #aheb1 p4 #cei2 #ahgi1 p4 #abb4 #cfb ,9 #ahgg ! /ate made appropriations = pupils outside ( ,portl&1 & 9 #ahha = ! entire /ate4 #cfc ,laws1 #ahhe1 *4 #bbj2 #ahic1 *4 #bjc2 #ahig1 *4 #ddf2 #ahii1 *4 #b2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aijc1 p4 #bbf4 ,! prop]ty 0 convey$ to ! /ate4 #cfd ,laws1 #ahbf1 *4 #bee2 #ahbg1 *4 #adj2 #ahcc1 *4 #abe2 #ahcd1 *4 #afi2 #ahci1 *4 #bh2 #ahdi1 *4 #bji2 #ahed1 *4 #bbd2 #ahfj1 *4 #abi2 #ahfe1 *4 #fh4 #cfe ,laws1 #ahfg1 *4 #bdg2 #ahfh1 *s4 #bje1 #dji2 #ahgj1 p4 #ibb2 #ahgd1 *4 #db4 ,! society 0 to h p[] ( p]petual succession1 & ! /ate 0 to appropriate #e1jjj a ye> till ! end[m5t fund %\ld rea* #bjj1jjj4 ,! s*ool 0 op5$ 9 c]ta9 b>racks belong+ to ! /ate4 #cff ,laws1 #ahgd1 p4 #dhc4 ,?is s*ool 0 =m$ "u a bo>d compos$ ( ?ree visitors ea* f ! s*ool = ! deaf & t = ! bl9d4 #cfg ,laws1 #ahhf1 *4 #gh2 #ahib1 *4 #bgb2 #aijd1 *4 #bii2 #aijf1 *4 #bcf2 ,g54 ,laws1 #aijd1 i41 p4 #igi4 ,! s*ool has receiv$ 9 gifts ov] six ?\s& doll>s s9ce #ahhj4 ,grants h also be5 made to x by ! city ( ,baltimore4 #cfh ,! fir/ receives #a1jjj a ye>1 & ! second #a1bjj4 #cfi ,laws1 #ahag1 *4 #bd2 #ahah1 p4 #dif2 #ahbe1 *4 #hc2 #ahbh1 *4 #ig2 #ahda1 *4 #de2 #ahdc1 *4 #gi2 #ahee1 *4 #hd4 #cgj ,laws1 #ahfg1 *s4 #caa1 #ccd2 #ahfh1 *4 #bjj2 #ahfi1 *4 #ccc4 #cga ,"s o!r gifts h also be5 receiv$1 includ+ a gymnasium & two donations ( #ej1jjj ea*4 #cgb ,see ,laws1 #ahhf1 *4 #db2 #ahii1 p4 #eed4 ,?is s*ool result$ f a gift ( #a1ejj to ! ,new ,engl& ,gallaudet ,association1 a home = adults fir/ be+ contemplat$4 ,see ,report1 #ahha1 p4 #g2 ,report ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,education1 #ahhj1 p4 clxviii4 ,! s*ool has receiv$ a legacy ( #ej1jjj1 & !re are annual donations ( two or ?ree ?\s& doll>s4 #cgc ,?is s*ool came )9 ! law z to /ate pupils4 ,"s gifts h no d\bt be5 receiv$ by x4 #cgd ,laws1 #ahfi1 p4 #fcg2 #ahhe1 *4 #bja2 #aije1 *4 #dfh1 ,! /ate grant$ ! l& = a build+4 ,?is s*ool has receiv$ gifts ( sev]al ?\s& doll>s4 #cge ,! home is "u an executive committee ( tw5ty-five1 ) p[]s ( tru/ees4 ,subscriptions & donations av]age "o or two ?\s& doll>s a ye>1 & 9 all h am\nt$ to "s #ej1jjj4 #cgf ,laws1 #ahga1 *4 #cjj2 #ahge1 *4 #aah2 #ahhf1 *4 #bda2 #ahhg1 *4 #agi2 #ahhh1 *4 #bci2 #ahhi1 *4 #bbf2 #aijf1 *4 #chc2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aijb1 p4 #dab4 ,appo9tm5ts are made by ! gov]nor ) ! approval ( ! secret>y ( ! bo>d ( education4 ,! /ate appropriations are #aej = ! day s*ool1 & f #bej to #cej = ! o!r s*ools4 #cgg ,laws1 #ahdh1 pp4 #bdf1 #dfc2 #ahdi1 pp4 #acg1 #cbg2 #ahej1 p4 #ccd2 #ahec1 no4 #hj2 #aheg1 p4 #ahe4 #cgh ,! s*ool also receiv$ #bj acres ( l& & #c1jjj f ! city4 #cgi ,laws1 #ahfg1 p4 #abh2 #ahgc1 *s4 #aji1 #aaa2 #ahha1 pp4 #e1 #bgd2 #ahia1 *4 #afi2 #ahic1 *4 #aaf2 #aijg1 *s4 #dh1 #bge2 ,comp4 ,laws #ahig1 ,sec4,sec4 #aiij-bjjh4 #chj ,laws1 #ahii1 *4 #agf2 #aije1 *4 #bbd4 ,! law reads3 ,^u ! application ( a di/rict bo>d or ( a bo>d ( education ( a city 9 ?is /ate to ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction1 he %all grant p]mission to su* bo>d to e/abli%1 & su* bo>d %all be emp[]$ to e/abli% & ma9ta91 )9 ! limits ( its jurisdiction1 "o or m day s*ools1 hav+ an av]age att5dance ( n less ?an ?ree pupils1 = ! in/ruction ( deaf p]sons ov] ! age ( ?ree1 etc4 ,! am\nt all[$ = ea* pupil is #aej4 ,!re h be5 o!r day s*ools 9 ?is /ate3 ,m5om9ee1 #aijj-aijg2 ,i%pem+1 #aijd-aiji2 ,fl9t1 #aiaa-aiab2 & ,l',anse1 #aiab-aiac4 ,! s*ool at ,fl9t 0 an ev5+ s*ool = adults4 #cha ,t5 congregations may be incorporat$ to organize su* an in/itution1 & hold prop]ty to ! value ( #ej1jjj4 ,laws1 #aija1 *4 #bh4 ,?is s*ool 0 = a "t "p ( an orphan asylum4 ,x has be5 giv5 #bj acres ( l&4 ,! control is 9 ! h&s ( a bo>d ( n9e tru/ees4 ,a private s*ool 0 ma9ta9$ at ,m>quette f #ahgi to #ahhc4 #chb ,laws1 #aheh1 p4 #age2 #ahfc1 *4 #i2 #ahfd1 *4 #ga2 #ahfh1 *4 #ag2 #ahgd1 *4 #ah4 ,9 #ahfc also provision 0 made = pupils 9 outside s*ools4 ,! s*ool 0 e/abli%$ on condition t ! city give x #dj acres ( l&1 & x receiv$ #be acres 9 addition4 #chc ,laws1 #ahhg1 *4 #bje2 ,laws1 #aijb1 *4 #hc2 #aijg1 *4 #djg2 #aiji1 *4 #cif2 ,rev4 ,laws1 #aije1 ,sec4,sec4 #aica-aicg4 ,!re is also a bo>d ( visitors ( /ate in/itutions4 ,dep>tm5ts = ! bl9d & = ! feeble-m9d$ 7 creat$ "h1 b lat] sep>at$4 #chd ,!re 0 ano!r day s*ool "h f #ahie to #ahih2 & a private s*ool f #ahhf to #ahic4 ,a dep>tm5t = ! deaf 0 e/abli%$ at ,/4 ,olaf ,college at ,nor?field 9 #aijg1 b discont9u$ 9 #aiab4 ,see ,bullet91 ,may1 #aiji2 ,vik+1 #aiji1 p4 #ef4 #che ,act1 ,m>* #a2 ,laws1 #ahee1 p4 #aad2 #ahef-g1 *4 #be2 #aheg1 p4 #dj2 #aheh1 p4 #bcj2 ,/at4 ,l41 #aheg1 p4 #afi4 ,! gov]nor _h recomm5d$ a s*ool 9 #ahda4 #chf ,ann4 ,code1 #aijf1 *4 #fh4 ,! s*ool has receiv$ a gift ( #e1jjj4 ,a dep>tm5t = ! color$ 0 op5$ 9 #ahhb4 #chg ,9 #ahci #b1jjj 0 appropriat$ = ! deaf at ,/4 ,l\is1 & #baj = a pupil 9 ! ,k5tucky s*ool4 ,laws1 pp4 #bg1 #bac4 ,"s pupils 7 s5t to ,ohio & ,ill9ois also4 ,see also ,laws1 #ahdg1 p4 #dh4 #chh ,laws1 #ahea1 p4 #baa2 #ahgb1 p4 #aee2 #ahgd1 p4 #aga2 #ahgg1 p4 #bfd4 ,=ty acres ( l& provid$ = ! insane asylum 7 giv5 to ! s*ool4 #chi ,laws1 #ahie1 p4 #ahh2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aiji1 ,sec4 #adhd;ff4 ,a dep>tm5t = ! color$ 0 op5$ 9 #ahhi4 #cij ,a bran* ( ?is s*ool 0 ma9ta9$ at ,hannibal f #ahhb to #ahhg1 & ano!r bran* 9 ,/4 ,l\is f #ahic to #aijj4 ,9 ,/4 ,l\is !re 0 also a private s*ool f #ahhe to #ahia1 & f #ahij to #ahib4 #cia ,comp4 ,/at41 #ahhg1 p4 #iag4 #cib ,laws1 #ahic1 p4 #aha2 ,code1 #ahie1 ,sec4 #bccj;ff4 #cic ,laws1 #aijc1 *s4 #i1 #aj2 ,rev4 ,code1 #aijg1 ,sec4 #aaae;ff4 ,a dep>tm5t = ! feeble-m9d$ has be5 connect$ ) ?is s*ool4 #cid ,rev4 ,/at41 #ahff1 p4 #cgd4 #cie ,laws1 #ahfg1 p4 #ei2 #ahga1 pp4 #id1 #bca2 #ahge1 p4 #adf4 ,t5 acres ( l& 7 giv5 by ! city ( ,omaha4 #cif ,laws1 #ahig1 *4 #bf2 #aija1 *4 #gj2 #aije1 *4 #adg2 #aiji1 p4 #bcj2 #aiaa1 p4 #bji2 #aiac1 p4 #ecg2 ,ann4 ,/at41 #aiaa1 ,sec4 #aj1jjf;ff4 ,a private s*ool 0 op5$ 9 ,omaha 9 #ahig1 la/+ "o ye>4 #cig ,laws1 #ahfi1 *4 #ef2 #aije1 p4 #bec2 #aijg1 p4 #cga2 ,rev4 ,laws1 #aiab1 ,sec4 #agjb;ff4 #cih ,9 #ahai a committee 0 appo9t$ to inquire into ! circum/ances ( ! deaf & ! bl9d4 ,laws1 p4 #bde4 ,see also ,laws1 #ahba1 p4 #ejh2 #ahbb1 p4 #ib2 #ahcf1 *4 #bef4 #cii ,laws1 #ahge1 p4 #dhd2 #ahgi1 *4 #eh2 #ahii1 *4 #ii2 #aije1 *4 #ajf2 ,pub4 ,/at41 #aija1 *4 #hf4 #djj ,! fir/ appropriation 0 ( #b1jjj4 ,laws1 #ahba1 p4 #c2 #ahcj1 pp4 #aac1 #cad2 #ahch1 p4 #hb2 #ahec1 p4 #adj2 #ahfj1 p4 #bdj2 #ahgc1 p4 #de4 ,a few pupils 7 s5t to ! s*ool at ,my/ic1 ,connecticut1 %ortly be=e ! /ate s*ool 0 creat$4 #dja ,laws1 #ahhb1 p4 #bei2 #ahhd1 p4 #afj2 #ahhe1 p4 #agg4 ,! prop]ty ( an old s*ool = ! *ildr5 ( soldi]s 0 fir/ made use (4 ,9 #ahbe a s*ool 0 incorporat$ 9 ?is /ate1 & #afj 0 all[$ by ! legislature = ea* pupil4 ,laws1 pp4 #aaa1 #abd4 ,"s private donations seem to h be5 made1 b ! s*ool nev] came into be+4 ,9 #ahge a tract ( l& 0 (f]$ = a s*ool4 ,report ( ,commission on ,proposals = ,sites & ,plans = ,build+s = ! ,deaf1 ,bl9d & ! ,feeble-m9d$1 #ahgd4 ,9 #ahfj a private s*ool 0 op5$ 9 ,tr5ton1 :i* cont9u$ six ye>s4 #djb ,laws1 #ahia1 *4 #ig2 #ahib1 *4 #bjc2 #ahic1 p4 #cbg2 #ahie1 *4 #daa2 #aiaj1 p4 #ccd2 ,comp4 ,/at41 #aiaj1 p4 #ahif;ff4 #djc ,day s*ools are au?oriz$ :]e !re are t5 or m ,pupils 9 a city4 ,laws1 #aiaj1 p4 #eac4 #djd ,laws1 #ahhg1 *4 #ca4 ,!re 7 a few contributions at fir/4 #dje ,laws1 #ahii1 *4 #db2 #aijc1 *4 #b2 ,comp4 ,laws1 #ahig1 p4 #ijd4 #djf ,laws1 #ahag1 *4 #bfd2 #ahai1 *s4 #bjf1 #bch2 #ahbb1 p4 #bdg2 #ahbg1 p4 #cbi2 #ahcb1 *4 #bbc2 #ahcf1 *s4 #bbh1 #eaa2 #ahda1 p4 #acc2 #ahdi1 p4 #ehi4 ,see also ,cammann & ,camp1 ,*>ities ( ,new ,york1 #ahfh1 p4 #aea2 ,j4 ,f4 ,ri*mond1 ,new ,york & its ,in/itutions1 #ahga1 p4 #bhg4 ,! city grant$ #djj annually = sev]al ye>s1 all[$ ! use ( l& at a nom9al r5tal = tw5ty-"o ye>s1 & lat] gave an acre ( l&1 besides furni%+ qu>t]s 9 a public build+ = elev5 ye>s4 ,by ! /ate ! ,in/itution 01 toge!r ) a c]ta9 free s*ool society1 all[$ = f\rte5 ye>s "o-half ( ! proce$s f f9es or lic5ses on lott]ies1 :i* f #ahai to #ahbg nett$ ov] #bj1jjj4 ,9 #ahbg ! legislature grant$ #aj1jjj on condition t an equal sum be rais$ f private funds1 & t inspection be all[$ to ! /ate4 ,9 #ahbe a s*ool 0 e/abli%$ by ! /ate at ,canajoh>ie1 b 9 #ahcf its prop]ty 0 ord]$ sold1 & its pupils br\ght to ! ,new ,york ,in/itution4 ,laws1 #ahbc1 p4 #bbd2 #ahcf1 p4 #ggi4 #djg ,f #ahgi to #ahhb a prim>y dep>tm5t 0 ma9ta9$ at ,t>ryt[n4 ,9 #aheg x 0 propos$ t ! build+s & o!r prop]ty be convey$ to ! /ate z tru/ee1 b to be us$ always = ! in/ruction ( ! deaf1 on condition t ! /ate pay all ! debts & f9i% ! build+s !n 9 c\rse ( con/ruction2 b ?is plan 0 n adopt$4 ,report1 #aheh1 p4 #i2 ,assembly ,docum5ts ( ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 #aheg1 no4 #aij4 ,! total am\nt ( private gifts to ?is s*ool seems to be ab\t #abe1jjj1 ne>ly all com+ 9 ! fir/ few decades ( its exi/5ce4 ,see ,report1 #ahgi1 p4 #aja4 ,! in/itution holds #ch names 9 p]petual & grateful remembrance4 ,! funds are giv5 9 #aiab z #a1jcj1jei1 :i* are l>gely due to favorable inve/m5ts4 #djh ,laws1 #ahga1 *4 #edh2 #ahgb1 *4 #fgj4 ,funds 7 receiv$ 9 ! beg9n+ f ! proce$s ( baza>s1 etc41 & an acre ( l& & a build+ 7 giv5 to x4 ,contributions are /ill receiv$ f "t to "t4 #dji ,laws1 #ahfg1 *4 #gba2 #ahgj1 *4 #ahj4 ,)9 a %ort "t aft] op5+1 #gj1jjj 0 donat$ = ! s*ool4 ,see ,addresses ^u ,lay+ ( ,corn] ,/one1 #ahhj4 ,o!r consid]able gifts h come to x1 "o 9 #aiji be+ ( #cj1jjj1 :ile !re are annual contributions ( sev]al ?\s& doll>s4 ,l& = a build+ 0 grant$ by ! city = n9ety-n9e ye>s at an annual r5tal ( "o doll>4 ,?is s*ool has be5 "u ,hebrew auspices1 b !re has be5 discussion ( its be+ turn$ ov] to ! city on ! paym5t ( its debts1 to be kept z a public non-sect>ian s*ool4 ,see ,reports1 #aiji1 #aiaj4 #daj ,laws1 #ahgg1 *4 #cgh4 ,to ?is s*ool ab\t #aej1jjj seems to h be5 donat$1 to ga!r f ! reports4 ,sev]al ?\s& doll>s are receiv$ annually4 #daa ,laws1 #ahgf1 *4 #ac2 #ahhj1 *4 #cce2 #ahij1 *4 #dfi4 ,six acres ( l& & sev]al ?\s& doll>s 7 giv5 at ! beg9n+4 #dab ,laws1 #ahgf1 *4 #cca4 ,a few gifts 7 receiv$ at fir/4 #dac ,laws1 #ahhd1 *4 #bge2 #ahij1 *4 #bhj4 ,9 ! ,c5sus ,report ( ,b5evol5t ,in/itutions ( #aijd ?is s*ool is giv5 z "u ! direct control ( ! /ate4 #dad ,laws1 #ahib1 *4 #cf4 #dae ,9 #ahfc x 0 enact$ t c\nty ov]se]s or sup]visors %\ld place a deaf *ild :5 likely to become a public *>ge 9 an in/itution2 or a p>5t or fri5d ( su* a *ild f five to twelve ye>s ( age might prove t ! heal?1 morals1 or com=t ( su* *ild 0 endang]$ by ! want ( education or ( prop] c>e1 & might apply to ! c\nty (fic] = an ord] to admit ! *ild to an in/itution4 ,laws1 *4 #cbe4 ,! p] capita all[ance to ! s*ools is #cej4 ,see ,laws1 #ahea1 *4 #bgb2 #ahed1 *4 #bgb2 #ahfd1 *4 #eee2 #ahge1 *4 #bac2 #ahgf1 *4 #ac2 #ahhf1 *4 #fae2 #ahid1 *4 #eef2 #aijc1 *s4 #fb1 #bbc2 #aiji1 *4 #ba2 #aiaj1 *4 #adj2 #aiab1 p4 #dje2 ,cons4 ,laws1 #aiji1 p4 #gbg;ff4 ,! /ate all[s #cjj a ye> to a deaf p]son seek+ a high] education4 ,laws1 #aiac1 *4 #age4 #daf ,!re h be5 a numb] ( private s*ools 9 ! /ate3 ! ,b>tlett ,family ,s*ool1 e/abli%$ 9 ,new ,york ,city 9 #aheb1 9 #ahec mov$ to ,fi%kill1 9 #ahed to ,p\ghkeepsie1 & discont9u$ 9 #ahfa2 a s*ool at ,niag>a1 #aheg-ahfj2 ! ,home = ! ,"y ,deaf 9 ,new ,york ,city1 organiz$ 9 #ahed1 & 9 op]ation f #ahei to #ahfb1 :i* 0 int5d$ = ^? too "y to ent] ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 & :i* receiv$ a numb] ( contributions2 a class 9 ! ,cayuga ,lake ,academy at ,aurora1 #ahga-ahgh2 ,syle's ,free ,ev5+ ,class 9 ,new ,york ,city1 pr9cipally = tea*+ trades to adults1 #ahgd-ahgh2 ! ,keel] ,s*ool1 a private class 9 ,new ,york ,city1 #ahhe-ahig2 ! ,w>r5 ,articulation ,s*ool1 #ahij-ahie2 & ! ,peet ,s*ool1 #ahic-ahid4 #dag ,act1 ,jan4 #ab1 #ahde2 ,rev4 ,code1 #ahed1 *4 #f2 ,laws1 #ahgj-a1 *4 #ce2 #ahgc1 *4 #acd2 #ahgf1 *4 #aef2 #ahgi1 *4 #ahg2 #ahhj1 p4 #agj2 #ahha1 *4 #baa4 ,at fir/ ! c\nties 7 to raise #ge by taxation = ea* pupil4 ,9 #ahgf a tax ( #i c5ts on #ajj 0 laid = ! b5efit ( ! s*ool4 ,?is s*ool has receiv$ a gift ( #d1jjj4 ,9 #ahfi color$ deaf & bl9d 7 admitt$1 & 9 #ahgb a dep>tm5t 0 creat$ = !m1 ?is be+ ! fir/ public action 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = _! education4 ,see ,laws1 #ahgb1 *4 #acd2 ,report ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,in/itution1 #ahfi1 p4 #ac4 #dah ,laws1 #ahia1 *4 #cii2 #ahic1 *4 #fi4 #dai ,laws1 #aija1 *s4 #baj1 #gjg2 #aijg1 *s4 #ibi1 #ajjg2 ,rev4 ,code1 #aije1 ,sec4 #dahg;ff4 #dbj ,laws1 #ahij1 *4 #afa4 #dba ,laws1 #ahia1 *s4 #ef1 #acc2 #ahic1 *4 #abb2 #ahig1 *4 #gb2 #aije1 *s4 #ajj1 #ajc2 ,rev4 ,code1 #aije1 ,sec4 #aacc;ff4 #dbb ,f ?is #a1jjj a mon? is receiv$4 #dbc ,laws1 #ahbb1 p4 #e2 #ahbg1 p4 #acj2 #ahca1 p4 #dbg2 #ahcb1 p4 #bj2 #ahcd1 p4 #ci2 #ahcg1 p4 #aah2 #ahdd1 p4 #h2 #ahdf1 p4 #aaa2 #ahed1 p4 #ga2 #ahef1 pp4 #db1 #if2 #ahff1 p4 #aaf2 #ahfg1 p4 #abd4 ,to ! s*ool at ,tallmadge ! legislature grant$ #ajj a ye> = two ye>s4 ,! /ate s*ool 0 at fir/ all[$ ! b5efit f ! taxes on auction sales 9 ,hamilton ,c\nty1 :i* nett$ #b1jjj a ye> at fir/1 b aft]w>d ( dim9i%+ am\nts4 ,! lots = ! s*ool 7 b\ght at a price consid]ably bel[ _! suppos$ value4 ,a donation ( #ae1jjj has also be5 receiv$ by ?is s*ool4 ,9 #aiaj #ahj acres ( l& 7 bequea!d to ! s*ools = ! deaf & ! bl9d4 #dbd ,laws1 #ahhe1 p4 #gi2 #aijb1 p4 #bgc2 #aijh1 p4 #eih2 #aiaa1 p4 #baa2 ,g54 ,code1 #aiaj1 ,sec4 #ahgb;ff4 #dbe ,!re 0 a s*ool also 9 ,clevel& f #ahga to #ahgd1 & 9 ,tol$o f #ahij to #ahic4 ,9 ,c9c9nati a s*ool 0 e/abli%$ by ! city 9 #ahge1 & 9 #ahhh incorporat$ ) ! pres5t "o1 :i* _h be5 />t$ z a private s*ool4 ,bo? ! ,c9c9nati & ,clevel& s*ools receiv$ aid f ! /ate1 b 9 #aijb ?is 0 held up by ! c\rts4 ,o!r day s*ools h be5 at ,elyria f #ahih to #aijg2 at ,canton f #aijb to #aijd2 & at ,conneaut f #aiji to #aiab4 ,accord+ to ! pres5t law1 on ! application ( a local bo>d1 s*ools may be e/abli%$2 #aej may be all[$ f ! /ate s*ool funds = ea* pupil2 & ! /ate commission] is to appo9t tea*]s1 & inspect s*ools4 ,laws1 #aijb1 p4 #cg2 #aijf1 p4 #bai2 #aiac1 p4 #bgj2 ,g54 ,code1 ,sec4 #ggee4 ,9 #ahih ! e/abli%m5t ( day s*ools 0 made obligatory 9 c]ta9 cities4 ,laws1 pp4 #ahf1 #bcf4 ,local tax levies h be5 ( consid]able aid 9 ?is /ate4 #dbf ,a private s*ool 0 9 op]ation 9 ,c9c9nati f #ahhg to #ahij1 & 9 ,columbus f #aijb to #aijd4 #dbg ,laws1 #ahig1 *4 #af2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aijc1 ,sec4 #cifj2 ,gov]nor's ,message1 #aijc1 p4 #ac4 ,9 #ahii a tax ( two-fif?s ( a mill 0 levi$ = ! b5efit ( ! deaf4 ,laws1 p4 #bba4 ,!re 0 a private s*ool at ,byron f #ahih to #ahii4 #dbh ,laws1 p4 #fag4 #dbi ,laws1 p4 #edf4 #dcj ,laws1 #aiji1 p4 #ecd2 #aiac1 p4 #che2 ,rev4 ,laws1 #aiaj1 ,sec4,sec4 #fihf1 #gjad4 ,! public l& = ! b5efit ( ! s*ools is said to be wor? #cej1jjj4 ,! s*ool at ,sulphur 0 giv5 #fj acres ( l& by ! city1 & t at ,taft #ajj acres by citiz5s4 #dca ,laws1 #ahgb1 p4 #ajb2 #ahgd1 p4 #hh2 #ahhj1 p4 #ah4 ,! legislature made an appropriation to ! s*ool :ile x 0 /ill 9 private h&s4 ,x 0 l>gely f\nd$ ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! ,society to ,promote ! ,in/ruction ( ,deaf-,mutes4 ,donations am\nt+ to two or ?ree ?\s& doll>s1 & f\r lots1 7 receiv$ at ! beg9n+4 #dcb ,laws1 #ahia1 p4 #ach2 #ahic1 p4 #ahj2 #aija1 p4 #cjj2 #aijg1 *4 #gi2 #aiac1 pp4 #abj1 #fhc2 ,oregon ,laws1 #aiaj1 *4 #bc4 ,! s*ool 0 =m]ly "u ! /ate bo>d ( education4 #dcc ,a *>t] 0 grant$ 9 #ahba4 ,laws1 *4 #be4 ,see also ,laws1 #ahcc1 p4 #eab2 #ahcf1 *4 #bfh2 #ahch1 pp4 #bfc1 #cih2 #ahdd1 p4 #bba2 ,j4 ,p4 ,wick]%am1 ,hi/ory ( ,education 9 ,p5nsylvania1 #ahhf1 p4 #ddc2 ,report1 #ahgj1 app5dix2 #ahge1 app5dix4 #dcd ,9 #ahhi a gift ( #bjj1jjj 0 receiv$1 & 9 #ahib "o ( #ej1jjj1 z well z o!r gifts4 ,!re are ov] #djj life memb]s :o h contribut$ ea* #cj1 :ile !re are #ac s*ol>%ips ( #e1jjj ea*4 ,! pres5t end[m5t funds am\nt to ab\t #djj1jjj1 z we are advis$4 ,see also ,reports ( ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,*>ities4 ,f #ahha to #ahhe a day s*ool 0 conduct$ z "p ( ! in/itution4 #dce ,laws1 #ahgb1 p4 #ig2 #ahha1 p4 #adi4 ,aid 0 receiv$ f ! city ( ,pittsburg at fir/4 ,! s*ool has be5 giv5 ov] #ajj1jjj1 a numb] ( acres ( l&1 & a ,c>negie ,libr>y4 #dcf ,laws1 #ahhg1 p4 #bch4 ,!re h be5 "s gifts1 includ+ five acres ( l&4 #dcg ,laws1 #ahia1 p4 #cga2 #ahic1 p4 #bgb4 ,ab\t #g1jjj came at ! beg9n+ z well z "s l&4 ,contributions n[ av]age sev]al ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 #dch ,laws1 #ahga1 p4 #bde2 #ahgb1 p4 #i2 #ahic1 p4 #bej2 #aiji1 p4 #dje2 ,purdon's ,dige/1 #aijc1 p4 #abha;ff4 ,! p] capita appropriations to ! sev]al s*ools range f #bfj to #ceg4 ,9 s*ool di/ricts ( #bj1jjj population1 special s*ools ) eight or m pupils may be e/abli%$4 ,laws1 #ahgf1 p4 #aeg4 #dci ,!re h be5 day s*ools at ,pittsburg1 #ahfi-ahgf2 ,erie1 #ahgd-ahhd2 ,allegh5y1 #ahge-ahgf2 & ,philadelphia1 #ahhj-ahha4 ,!re 0 a private s*ool 9 ,philadelphia f #ahhe to #ahhi4 #ddj ,rev4 ,/at41 #aheg1 p4 #aeh4 #dda ,laws1 #ahgh1 p4 #bjj4 #ddb ,laws1 #ahia1 *4 #ibb2 #ahif1 *s4 #cbd1 #ccb2 #ahic1 *4 #aage2 #aija1 *4 #hji2 ,g54 ,laws1 #aiji1 *s4 #ajj1 #aja4 ,! gov]nor makes ! appo9tm5ts4 ,!re is a /ate bo>d ( pur*ases & supplies 9 connection ) ! s*ool4 #ddc ,act1 ,dec4 #bj4 #ddd ,laws1 #ahcd1 p4 #eac4 ,at fir/ #b1ejj 0 appropriat$4 ,see also ,laws1 #ahdh1 p4 #ebd4 #dde ,laws1 #aheb1 p4 #ahg2 #ahga1 p4 #fji4 #ddf ,laws1 #ahgh1 p4 #gjg2 #ahie1 *4 #eba2 #aijb1 *4 #edf2 #aiaj1 *4 #dfh2 ,code1 #aiab1 *4 #bg4 ,a dep>tm5t = ! color$ 0 creat$ 9 #ahhc4 #ddg ,laws ( ,dakota1 #ahha1 pp4 #af1 #fe2 #ahhc1 *4 #bf2 #ahhg1 *4 #da2 ,comp4 ,laws1 #ahhg1 ,sec4 #bfa;ff4 ,t5 acres ( l& & a ?\s& doll>s or m 7 giv5 to ! s*ool4 #ddh ,laws1 #aijg1 *4 #acg2 ,comp4 ,laws1 #aiaj1 p4 #aej;ff4 #ddi ,act1 ,jan4 #bi1 #ahdd2 ,laws1 #ahde-f1 *4 #aeg2 #ahdi-ej1 *4 #abg2 ,code1 #aheh1 p4 #cch2 ,laws1 #ahfj1 *s4 #ai1 #fi2 #ahff-g1 *4 #db4 ,! law creat+ ! s*ool 0 app5d$ to "o provid+ = ! bl9d alone4 ,at ! beg9n+ #f1djj & two acres ( l& 7 giv5 to x4 #dej ,laws1 #ahgg1 *4 #di2 ,ann4 ,code1 #ahif1 ,sec4,sec4 #bffj-bfgj4 ,a dep>tm5t = ! color$ 0 creat$ 9 #ahha4 ,laws1 *4 #aji4 #dea ,laws1 #ahef1 p4 #ff2 #ahge1 p4 #ff2 #ahhc1 p4 #aji4 #deb ,laws1 p4 #aej4 #dec ,laws1 #aijb1 *4 #aj2 #aije1 p4 #dg2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aiaa1 p4 #fh4 #ded ,laws1 #ahhh1 pp4 #cc1 #dd2 #ahij1 pp4 #dd1 #fh2 ,comp4 ,/at41 #ahhh1 p4 #ffb4 ,= two ye>s ! s*ool 0 conduct$ z a day s*ool4 ,x receiv$ "s c\nty assi/ance at fir/1 & !re 7 "s private donations4 #dee ,laws1 #ahib1 p4 #aj2 #ahid1 *4 #bf2 #ahif1 p4 #ajj2 #ahig1 p4 #cf2 #ahih1 *4 #bj2 #aijc1 p4 #ea2 #aijg1 pp4 #ad1 #ei2 #aiaa1 *4 #ih2 ,comp4 ,laws1 #aijg1 p4 #ghi;ff4 #def ,9 #ahag a c5sus ( ! deaf 0 tak54 ,laws1 no4 #be4 #deg ,laws1 #ahbc1 no4 #dj2 #ahbe1 no4 #ba2 #ahcc1 no4 #ba2 #ahci1 p4 #aba2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #ahdj1 p4 #aba2 ,laws1 #ahda1 no4 #bb2 #ahdb1 no4 #af2 #aheh1 no4 #c2 #ahgb1 nos4 #af1 #ai2 #ahib1 no4 #bg2 #ahih1 *s4 #bi1 #cj2 #ahii1 no4 #bg2 #aijf1 *s4 #ee1 #ef2 ,pub4 ,/at41 #aijf1 *4 #fj4 #deh ,laws1 #aijh1 p4 #dij2 #aiaj1 p4 #hd4 ,! gov]nor is commission] = ! deaf1 & designates & commits !m4 ,?is s*ool result$ f a fund ( #ej1jjj1 :i* 0 bequea!d = a hospital = ! tempor>y treatm5t ( /rang]s & local invalids peculi>ly situat$1 b :i* ! c\rt all[$ to be us$ = ! s*ool4 #dei ,laws1 #ahch1 *4 #ai2 #ahci1 p4 #bje2 #ahde1 p4 #che2 #ahdf1 p4 #ag2 #ahdi1 p4 #che2 #ahef1 p4 #ha4 ,9 #ahbe a committee 0 s5t to ,k5tucky to exam9e ! s*ool4 ,9 #ahce a private association 0 =m$ to organize a s*ool4 #dfj ,laws1 *4 #afd4 #dfa ,laws1 #ahge1 *4 #agg2 #ahgi1 *4 #bdd2 #ahif1 *4 #gjb2 #ahih1 p4 #bgf2 #aijc1 *4 #bff2 #aijd1 p4 #ge2 ,code1 #aijd1 *4 #gd4 ,! ,/aunton s*ool receiv$ "s private donations at fir/1 & #e acres ( l&1 besides a lat] legacy ( #c1jjj = poor deaf *ildr52 & ! ,newport ,news s*ool has receiv$ a few gifts1 includ+ "s l&4 #dfb ,laws1 #ahha1 p4 #baa4 #dfc ,laws1 #ahhf1 p4 #acf4 ,at ! beg9n+ #ajj acres ( l& 7 donat$4 ,! s*ool seems n to h pr(it$ by ! gift f ,congress ( #bjj1jjj acres = *>itable & re=matory in/itutions4 #dfd ,laws1 #ahij1 p4 #dig2 #ahig1 p4 #ddc2 #aijc1 p4 #bff2 #aije1 *4 #aci2 #aijg1 p4 #bch2 #aiji1 p4 #beh2 #aiab1 *4 #aj2 ,code & ,/at41 #aiaj1 ,sec4 #dchg;ff4 ,!re 0 a dep>tm5t = ! feeble-m9d$ till #aijf1 & = ! bl9d till #aiab1 all be+ kn[n z ! s*ool = defective y\?4 #dfe ,laws1 #ahgj1 *4 #aaf2 #ahga1 *4 #ga4 ,a build+ & #ae acres ( l& 7 giv5 by ! city4 #dff ,laws1 #ahfh1 *4 #ga4 #dfg ,laws1 #ahhg1 *4 #eb2 #ahie1 *s4 #be1 #ci2 #ahig1 *4 #be2 #aije1 *4 #ff2 ,code1 #aijf1 ,sec4 #aggd;ff4 ,color$ pupils are s5t to ,m>yl& = education4 #dfh ,laws1 #aheb1 *4 #dha2 #aheg1 *4 #cd2 #aheh1 *4 #ajb2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #aheh1 *4 #ahf4 ,elev5 acres ( l& 7 giv5 to ! s*ool4 #dfi ,laws1 #ahff1 *4 #aje2 #ahfi1 *4 #h3 #ahhj1 *4 #aaf2 #ahha1 *4 #bih2 #ahhc1 *4 #bfh2 #ahia1 *4 #cca2 #ahic1 *4 #bij2 #aijg1 *4 #abh2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #ahih1 *4 #ch4 #dgj ,laws1 #ahhe1 *4 #cae2 #ahig1 *4 #cba2 #aija1 *4 #dbb2 #aijc1 *4 #hf2 #aijg1 *4 #abh2 ,rev4 ,/at41 #ahih1 ,sec4 #egh4 ,x is provid$ t on ! application ( a local bo>d ( education1 ! /ate ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction1 ) ! cons5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,control1 may au?orize ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools4 ,inspectors are also appo9t$ by him1 & ! creation ( s*ools may be compell$ by ! c\nty judge4 ,= ea* pupil ! am\nt fir/ all[$ 0 #ajj1 !n #abe1 & n[ #aej4 ,= ! bo>d ( pupils :o d n live ne> ! s*ool1 #ajj additional is all[$4 ,! fir/ day s*ool 9 ! /ate 0 a private "o at ,milwaukee1 f\nd$ 9 #ahgh & la/+ till #ahhe1 :5 ! law 0 enact$4 ,x 0 "u ! auspices ( ! ,wiscons9 ,phonological ,in/itute1 #ae1jjj be+ contribut$ = x by a ladies' society1 & a city all[ance be+ made to x 9 #ahhc4 ,!re h be5 o!r day s*ools 9 ! /ate3 ,manit[ac1 #ahic-aija2 ,oconto1 #ahih-ahii2 ,neilsville1 #ahih-aije2 ,sp>ta1 #ahii-aiji2 ,tomah1 #ahii-aijj2 ,rh9el&]1 #aijb-aijd2 & ,waupaca1 #aije-aijf4 ,!re 0 ano!r s*ool 9 ,o%ko% f #ahhh to #ahhi4 #dga ,laws1 #ahhf1 *4 #gg2 #ahia1 *4 #ae2 #ahic1 *4 #cb2 #ahie1 *4 #be2 #aijg1 *4 #aj2 ,comp4 ,/at41 #aiaj1 *4 #dh4 ,x has be5 provid$ t :5 !re are z _m z #ab applicants1 a /ate s*ool w be organiz$4 ,a build+ 0 erect$ & design$ = ! s*ool 9 #ahig1 b 0 set aside = milit>y purposes4 ,by ! act ( admission to ! ,union1 #cj1jjj acres ( l& 7 grant$ = ! s*ool4 ,! income f ?is fund 9 #aiaj 0 #b1hdi4 #dgb ,see ,annals1 lii41 #aijg1 p4 #bjh2 liii41 #aijh1 p4 #agc2 liv41 #aiji1 p4 #aic2 ,association ,review1 ix41 #aijg1 p4 #egb4 ,! s*ool op5$ ) #bb pupils4 #dgc ,see report ( ,dr4 ,%eldon ,jackson1 ,proce$+s ( ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #ahie1 p4 #cbb4 ,9 ! ,report ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior = #aijh1 pp4 #bgd1 #bgh1 we h ! foll[+3 ,congress 9 its appropriations = ! education ( ! natives has also provid$ = _! support4 ,act+ "u ?is au?ority1 an ef=t is be+ made to rea* ! sick & indig5t4 ,x is possible t ! ne$s ( ! deaf w be discov]$ 9 ?is way4 #dgd ,9 ! ,report ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,in/ruction to ! ,hawaiian legislature1 ,april #ad1 #ahed1 p4 #ag1 x is /at$3 ,provision = ! deaf1 dumb & bl9d3 ,no provision = su* suff]]s among u1 & f ! returns ( ! c5sus !re are on ! isl&s #ajf deaf & dumb1 & #cbi bl9d4 ,no m5tion ( su* suff]]s has be5 f\nd 9 a lat] report4 ,= mu* ( ! in=mation conc]n+ ! ,am]ican possessions pres5t$ "h1 ! writ] is indebt$ to ! ,*ief ,bibliograph] ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,con/itutional ,,provisions ,,= ,,s*ools ,,ext5t ,,( ,,con/itutional ,,provisions ,n only has provision = ! education ( ! deaf be5 consummat$ 9 all ! /ates1 b 9 "s ( !m ?is provision has be5 buttress$1 z x 71 by a p]man5t gu>antee 9 ! organic law4 ,?is reg>d1 :ile n necess>y practically = ! cont9uance ( ! s*ools1 is none ! less comm5dable1--& inde$ is "o t %\ld be decl>$ 9 e /ate4 ,su* provision conc]n+ ! education ( ! deaf1 m direct 9 "s ?an 9 o!rs1 is f\nd 9 ! con/itutions ( tw5ty-sev51 or a little ov] half ( ! /ates4 ,^! are ,alabama1 ,arizona1 ,arkansas1 ,colorado1 ,florida1 ,idaho1 ,indiana1 ,kansas1 ,l\isiana1 ,mi*igan1 ,m9nesota1 ,mississippi1 ,montana1 ,nevada1 ,new ,mexico1 ,new ,york1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,nor? ,dakota1 ,ohio1 ,oklahoma1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,texas1 ,utah1 ,virg9ia1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia4#dge ,new ,york 9 #ahdf 0 ! fir/ /ate to make ref]5ce ?us to a s*ool = ! deaf4 ,mi*igan1 h[ev]1 9 #ahej 0 ! fir/ /ate to provide directly = _! education1 foll[$ 9 #ahea by ,indiana & ,ohio4 ,( ! =ty-two /ates adopt+ con/itutions s9ce #ahdf1 tw5ty-sev5 h made ref]5ce to s*ools1 :ile fifte5 h fail$ to d s4 ,( ! tw5ty /ates adopt+ con/itutions s9ce #ahhi1 sixte5 h made su* provision4#dgf ,x is to be not$1 h[ev]1 t _m ( ! /ates ) special ref]5ce to ! education ( ! deaf h comp>atively rec5t con/itutions1 :ile 9 o!rs :]e no su* provision is f\nd1 ! pres5t con/itutions (t5 date f> back 9 our national hi/ory1 & 7 adopt$ be=e att5tion _h be5 call$ to ! ne$s ( ! deaf & simil> classes4 ,h5ce1 9 g5]al1 x is n to be conclud$ f ! m]e pres5ce or abs5ce ( a ref]5ce 9 ! con/itution t c]ta9 /ates are m solicit\s ?an o!rs = ! education ( _! deaf *ildr54 ,,language ,,& ,,=ms ,,( ,,provisions ,! language ( ^! con/itutional provisions = s*ools = ! deaf v>ies to "s ext5t4#dgg ,9 all ( ! con/itutions1 ) ! exception ( t 9 ,m9nesota1 s*ools = ! deaf are c\pl$ ) ^? = ! bl9d1 & unless ! provision is "u ! caption ( education1 in/itutions = ! insane are likewise provid$ = 9 ! same clause4 ,9 sev]al in/ances !re is m ?an "o ref]5ce to ! s*ool = ! deaf4#dgh ,! mo/ usual /atem5t is t in/itutions = ! deaf & dumb1 ! bl9d1 & ! insane %all be e/abli%$ & ma9ta9$1 or fo/]$ & support$1 by ! /ate1 z 9 ,arizona1#dgi ,colorado1#dhj ,florida1#dha ,idaho1#dhb ,kansas1#dhc ,mi*igan1#dhd ,montana1#dhe ,nevada1#dhf ,ohio1#dhg ,s\? ,c>ol9a1#dhh ,utah1#dhi & ,wa%+ton4#dij ,9 ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a con/itution ! s*ool is also decl>$ to be exempt$ f taxation2 & 9 ! ,utah con/itution a fur!r provision e/abli%es ! location1 & gu>antees aga9/ div]sion ! l&s grant$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#dia ,9 ! con/itutions ( ,arkansas1#dib ,indiana1#dic ,mississippi1#did & ,oklahoma1#die ! /atem5t or its equival5t is t x is ! duty ( ! legislature to provide by law = ! support ( in/itutions = ! education ( ! deaf & dumb1 & bl9d1 & = ! insane4 ,9 o!r /ates less direct or au?oritative ref]5ces are f\nd4 ,9 ,we/ ,virg9ia#dif ! legislature may make suitable provision = ! bl9d1 mute & insane :5ev] x may be practicable1 :ile 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a#dig ! matt] seems also optional4 ,9 ! ,m9nesota con/itution#dih !re is an am5dm5t by :i* ! public debt is increas$ = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ c]ta9 public in/itutions1 includ+ ! s*ool = ! deaf4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,dakota con/itution#dii ! sev]al *>itable & p5al in/itutions are enum]at$1 among :i* is ! s*ool = ! deaf1 :ile direction is also giv5 z to ! sale ( l& held = ! b5efit ( ! s*ool4 ,9 ,new ,mexico#ejj ! s*ool is enum]at$ among ! educational in/itutions1 ref]5ce also be+ made to ! public l&2 & 9 ,virg9ia#eja ! s*ool is m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! composition ( ! /ate bo>d ( education4 ,9 ! ,texas con/itution#ejb a p]man5t fund is provid$ f ! l&s :i* h be5 grant$ prior to its adoption1 :ile ano!r ref]5ce is made to ! pr9t+ to be done at ! s*ool4 ,9 ! ,nor? ,dakota con/itution#ejc ! l&s f ,congress are decl>$ to be a p]petual fund & inviolable1 :ile 9 ano!r place ! location ( ! s*ool is provid$ =4 ,9 ! ,alabama con/itution#ejd ! legislature is expressly decl>$ n to be emp[]$ to *ange ! location ( ! s*ool4 ,9 ,new ,york#eje ! con/itutional provisions h ref]5ce to ! subsidies grant$ to private in/itutions1 x be+ /at$ t no?+ 9 ! con/itution %all prev5t ! legislature f mak+ su* provision = ! education & support ( ! bl9d1 ! deaf & dumb1 & juv5ile del9qu5ts 444 z x may deem prop]1 & t ! legislature is n to be prohibit$ f action by ! prohibition ( ! cr$it or l& ( ! /ate be+ giv5 to private associations1 corporations & und]tak+s4 ,9 ,l\isiana#ejf a simil>1 ?\gh less explicit1 ref]5ce to /ate aid is f\nd4 ,,footnotes3 #dge ,! con/itutions ( mo/ ( ! /ates provide = ! education ( all _! *ildr51 & ! deaf c\ld well be includ$ "h4 ,moreov]1 9 ! con/itution ( ,nebraska 7,,viii41 #ab7 !re is a provision = *ildr5 gr[+ up 9 m5dicancy & crime2 & 9 t ( ,wyom+ 7,,vii41 #ah7 t su* *>itable1 p5al or re=matory in/itutions %all be e/abli%$ z ! claims ( humanity & ! public good _m require4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! ! provision might be con/ru$ to apply to s*ools = ! deaf4 #dgf ,9 ! con/itutions ( "s /ates1 z ,mi*igan1 ,mississippi1 ,new ,york1 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 !re 7 provisions 9 ! prec$+ z well z ! pres5t drafts4 #dgg ,9 ! con/itutions no ref]5ce is made to ! deaf o!r ?an 9 provisions = s*ools1 except 9 ! case ( ,mississippi1 :]e exemption f a c]ta9 tax is f\nd4 #dgh ,9 ^! con/itutional ref]5ces1 ! provision is z a rule f\nd "u "s g5]al head z public in/itutions1 /ate in/itutions1 or miscellane\s4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a con/itution ! provision is f\nd "u ! caption *>itable1 & 9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a "u *>itable & p5al4 ,"u ! head+ ( education are ! provisions 9 ! con/itutions ( ,arizona 7"o clause71 ,colorado 7z an am5dm5t71 ,mi*igan1 ,mississippi1 ,new ,mexico1 ,oklahoma 7"o clause71 ,texas 7?\gh "u ! sub-title *>itable71 ,utah 7"o clause71 & ,virg9ia4 #dgi ,,xxii41 #ae2 ,,xi41 #a4 #dhj ,,viii41 #a4 ,a lat] am5dm5t classifies x ) ! educational in/itutions ( ! /ate4 #dha ,,xiii41 #a4 ,adopt$ ! same ye> t ! s*ool 0 e/abli%$4 #dhb ,x41 #a4 #dhc ,,vii41 #a4 #dhd ,,xi41 #ae4 #dhe ,x41 #a2 ,,xi41 #ab4 #dhf ,,xiii41 #a4 #dhg ,,vii41 #a4 #dhh ,,xii41 #a2 ,x41 #d4 #dhi ,x41 #aj2 ,,xix41 #b1 #c4 #dij ,,xiii41 #a4 #dia ,x is to be not$ t 9 ne>ly all ! /ates hav+ gov]nm5t donations ( l&1 ref]5ce is made to its inviolability4 #dib ,,xix41 #ai4 #dic ,,ix41 #a4 #did ,,viii41 #bji4 #die ,,xii41 #b2 ,,xxi41 #a4 #dif ,,xii41 #ab4 #dig ,,xi41 #aj4 #dih ,,ix41 #ad1 z am5d$4 #dii ,,xiv41 #a4 #ejj ,,xii41 #aa4 #eja ,,ix41 #acj4 #ejb ,,vii41 #i2 ,,xvi41 #ba4 #ejc ,,ix41 #aei2 ,,xix41 #bae4 ,see also am5dm5t1 #aijd1 sec4 #e4 #ejd ,,xiv41 #bfg4 #eje ,,viii41 #i1 #ad4 #ejf #ec4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,"q ,,( ,,! ,,*>ity ,,connection ,,( ,,s*ools ,,in/itutions ,,sometimes ,,reg>d$ ,,z ,,educational3 ,,sometimes ,,z ,,*>itable ,9 consid]+ ! relation ( ! /ate to its s*ools = ! deaf1 ! "q is rais$ z to ! way !y are reg>d$ by ! /ate1 & 9 :at s*eme ( classification !y h be5 assign$4 ,we f9d t ) _m ( ! /ates ! in/itutions are held to be *>itable1 & ! fur!r "q is pres5t$ z to :e!r ?is is prop] & j4 ,9 times pa/ ?is has be5 ! usual classification1 b ( late ye>s an increas+ numb] ( /ates h made a *ange & n[ reg>d ! in/itutions z m]ely educational4 ,x w\ld be difficult to say ) precision to :at s*eme ( classification ! s*ools 9 ! sev]al /ates %\ld be ascrib$2 & 9 q a numb] ! l9es %ade (f "o into ! o!r4 ,f :at has be5 said 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s & also f c]ta9 legislative classification1 x w\ld seem t ! s*ools 9 ! foll[+ /ates are reg>d$ l>gely1 if n entirely1 z educational3 ,alabama1 ,arizona1 ,colorado1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,florida1 ,georgia1 ,idaho1 ,indiana1 ,i[a1 ,kansas1 ,k5tucky1 ,massa*usetts1 ,mississippi1 ,montana1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,nevada1 ,new ,mexico1 ,oregon1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,texas1 ,utah1 ,v]mont1 & ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,9 ab\t half ( ! /ates1 h[ev]1 ! in/itutions cont9ue to be reg>d$ z *>itable to a great] or less ext5t f _! connection ) *>ity bo>ds or f "s o!r classification4 ,"s are recogniz$ z educational1 b at ! same "t n held altoge!r free f ! *>itable t\*4#ejg ,,*>ity ,,9 ,,connection ,,) ,,s*ools ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,consid]able difficulty at ! outset re/s ) ! ^w *>ity4 ,9 its be/ s5se1 x is ! f9e/ ^w 9 our language1 & f its spr+s fl[ all b5evol5ce1 mat]ial & spiritual3 :5 look$ ^u sci5tifically mu* ( ! repugnance & prejudice felt t[>d x is lo/1 & x becomes ! t\*/one = ! rem$y ( human ills4 ,9 "o s5se1 education is mo/ surely & deeply *>itable1 :e!r or n x is held to be b ! equipm5t ( ! /ate = its self-pres]vation4 ,?is has long be5 accept$1 & s unanim\sly h ! /ates und]tak5 ! in/ruction ( _! *ildr5 t its v discussion is n[ unkn[n4 ,b popul>ly conceiv$1 *>ity is /ill some?+ dol$ out & grant$ by ! giv] z a matt] ( grace1 & to ! recipi5t are c>ri$ associations t d n comport ) indep5d5ce & manl9ess ( "*4 ,besides1 education has long ceas$ to be ?\ght ( z *>itable1 & only su* in/itutions z are = ! education ( ! deaf & bl9d are left ) ! undesirable signification ( ! ^w4 ,9 addition1 ! /ate ma9ta9s in/itutions = c]ta9 ( its classes1 z ! insane1 ! feeble-m9d$ & ! infirm1 :i* z a rule are 9 no s5se educational f our /&po9t1 & o!r in/itutions ( a re=matory1 corrective or punitive "*1 & ) !m h to be class$ ! in/itutions = ! deaf1 all be+ kn[n z ! /ate's *>itable in/itutions1 or /ate in/itutions2 :ile ! public r>ely makes discrim9ation1 or notes ! di/9ctions involv$4 ,! *ief tr\ble1 !n1 9 classify+ ! s*ools = ! deaf z *>itable is ?is connection ( ! ^w *>ity1 & ! gr\p+ ( ! deaf ) c]ta9 o!r p>ts ( ! /ate's population :i* o!r *ildr5 d n h to %>e4 ,! deaf are ?us diff]5tiat$ f *ildr5 :o h no defect ( s5se1 & ! education ( ! "o is ?us education1 & ( ! o!r *>ity4 ,s*ools 9 :i* ! deaf are educat$ w\ld ?us seem n to be giv5 _! j /atus4 ,!y are misrepres5t$ by be+ align$1 on ! "o h&1 ) p ( defective or diseas$ m9ds1 & on ! o!r1 ) ! /ate's del9qu5t & crim9al classes4 ,! deaf ?us become w>ds ( ! /ate1 & con/itute "o ( its dep5d5t classes4 ,!y are inmates ( an eleemosyn>y in/itution1 & ! fact t x is all = education is lo/ sight (4#ejh ,b1 we are told1 ! treatm5t ( deaf *ildr5 %\ld re/ ^u an altoge!r diff]5t basis1 & !y %\ld1 ev5 9 appe>ance1 receive an education z a "r & z no?+ else4 ,education z ! p>am\nt privilege ( ,am]ican *ildr5 is s deeply e/abli%$ 9 ,am]ican in/itutions & "* t x w\ld seem to be a pr9ciple to be appli$ to all ! *ildr5 ( ! /ate4 ,admission into s*ools = ! deaf has become m & m l t 9 ! regul> s*ools4#eji ,! s*ools are op51 z a g5]al rule1 only to ^? able & fitt$ to be educat$1 & ! m5tally & physically disqualifi$ are (t5 reject$4 ,:5 a *ild has complet$ ! prescrib$ numb] ( ye>s ( att5dance1 he c be provid$ = no long]1 & at vacation "t 9 ne>ly all s*ools he mu/ dep>t4 ,! s*ools1 z we are to see1 h become free to all1 :ile compulsory education laws h also be5 made to apply4 ,h5ce if s*ools = ! deaf are educational1 !y c be reg>d$ z *>itable only to ! ext5t t all s*ools are s consid]$2 !y %\ld n be look$ ^u 9 a diff]5t light1 & ! public %\ld be z fully alive to _! claims4#eaj ,,argum5ts ,,= ,,! ,,connection ,,) ,,! ,,bo>ds ,,( ,,*>ities ,hi!rto we h be5 discuss+ ! !ory 9 reg>d to ! prop] place 9 :i* ! in/itutions are to be held1 b we are n[ to see :at are ! actual gr\nds ^u :i* ! connection ) ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities is to be ju/ifi$4 ,mu* might be said ( ! practical work+s ( s*ools 9 connection ) su* bo>ds1 & x is claim$ t ! s*ools get ! sub/ance at lea/ 9 ! way ( b5eficial treatm5t4 ,by "o sup]9t5d5t x has be5 /at$ ?us3 ,9 !ory x is all wrong1 b 9 practice x c\ld n be improv$ ^u4 ,:]e ! bo>ds are compos$ ( capable1 broad-m9d$1 sympa!tic m51 ! ne$s ( ! s*ools c be satisfactorily look$ into1 & _! exp]i5ce ) o!r in/itutions1 :]e ! problems are ak9 9 ! way ( h\s+ a l>ge numb] ( p1 c be utiliz$ to great advantage1 especially 9 connection ) sanit>y1 hospital & o!r arrangem5ts4#eaa ,su* bo>ds may secure supplies on m favorable t]ms1 may sy/ematize all ! in/itutions1 may prop]ly apportion ! appropriations to be ask$ ( ! legislature1 may ex]cise a wid] sup]vision1 & may correlate all ! means ( ! /ate = ! ma9t5ance ( c]ta9 classes ( its population4 ,^! bo>ds may also h peculi> opportunities = com+ across poor & neglect$ *ildr5 & ( gett+ !m 9 ! s*ools4 ,la/ly1 & mo/ important ( all1 ev5 ?\gh ! in/itutions are educational1 !re is mu* also to be consid]$ besides education alone1 = a home & bo>d are furni%$ dur+ ! s*ool ye>1 & usually transportation & clo?+ z well to ^? 9 ne$ ( !m4#eab ,by ! bo>ds ( *>ity !mselves ! in/itutions are n necess>ily reg>d$ z *>itable4#eac ,_m ( !m hold ! in/itutions to be educational1 despite ! *>ity connection1 & few are unwill+ to give recognition to _! educational features4 ,9 none is !re a desire to injure or /igmatize ! deaf4 ,! aim is to consid] ! matt] 9 its practical be>+s1 & ! "q is held to be l>gely "o ( classification & adm9i/ration4 ,) all ! fact weighs t bo>d1 lodg+1 etc41 are giv5 entirely free4#ead ,! cle>e/ & fulle/ pres5tation ( ! po9t ( view ( ! *>ity bo>ds is giv5 9 ! foll[+ extract f a lett] by "o bo>d3#eae ,! in/itutions are d\btless bo? educational & *>itable1 or at lea/ ought to be1 us+ ^! words 9 _! ord9>y application4 ,x is n a "q ( m]it or dem]it on ! "p ( ! un=tunates or _! families4 ,x is n a "q :e!r !y are entitl$ to an education z mu* z normal *ildr54 ,s f> z !re is any real issue1 x is "o ( classification = purposes ( adm9i/ration4 ,! "q seems to be :e!r ! in/itutions t c>e = ! above m5tion$ classes c be/ be adm9i/]$ "u ! dep>tm5t ( *>ities t has *>ge ( public in/itutions1 or ! dep>tm5t ( education t usually has to d ) in/itutions t furni% education only 9 ! limit$ te*nical s5se1 :]e pupils att5d s*ool a few h\rs a day1 b are n bo>d$ at ! in/itutions4 ,because an in/itution is an educational in/itution1 ,i ?9k x may be none ! less a *>itable in/itution4 ,= example1 x w\ld h>dly be d5i$ t an orphan asylum is a *>itable in/itution2 yet an orphan asylum t 0 n an educational in/itution w\ld be deplorable4 ,9 ! /ate in/itutions = ! deaf & ! bl9d1 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 ! educational side is v prop]ly emphasiz$4444 ,^! inmates w\ld prop]ly be class$ z public dep5d5ts z !y usually h be54444 ,! :ole tr\ble seems to arise f a feel+ ( av]sion to ! ^w *>ity1 & probably ! ^w has be5 degrad$4444 ,to ref] to ! in/itutions "u consid]ation z educational in/itutions1 )\t any qualification1 w\ld n be 9 ! int]e/ ( cle>ness ( ?\ght1 & w\ld ei!r lead to confusion or to "s qualify+ phrases1 because ! deaf & ! bl9d are c]ta9ly diff]5t en\gh f ! normal *ild to be consid]$1 = _m purposes1 9 a sep>ate class1 & ! in/itutions :i* educate & support !m1 x w\ld seem to me1 ne$ "s t]m by :i* !y c be designat$1 :i* w\ld di/+ui% !m f ! educational in/itutions design$ = ! normal *ild4 ,,argum5ts ,,9 ,,opposition ,,to ,,! ,,connection ,yet ov] aga9/ all ! argum5ts = ! connection ) ! bo>ds ( *>ities ! voice ( ! educators ( ! deaf is 9 unison t ! connection ( ! s*ools be completely sev]$ ) :atev] is ( *>itable signification4#eaf ,?is feel+ _c all be ascrib$ to ! prejudice reg>d+ ! words employ$4 ,9 ! dissolv+ ( ! *>ity connection an issue n to be disreg>d$ is ! moral effect on ! public4 ,a "r conception is to be obta9$ respect+ ! education ( ! deaf1 & :ile 9 ! s*ools & 9 aft] life !y are entitl$ to ! recognition ( ! true "* ( ?is education & ( _! /atus 9 ! community4 ,if ! deaf aft] !y h left ! s*ools h %[n t !y are capable ( wre/l+ unaid$ ) ! difficulties ( life1 & are really n objects ( *>ity at all1 !n !y %\ld be sp>$ all discrim9at+ associations4 ,inde$1 z our new view ( *>ity is ! mak+ ( m5 capable ( /&+ alone1 & economic units ( ga9 9 society1 s ! deaf %\ld n be consid]$ z a di/9ct or dep5d5t class1 :5 by ! use ( c]ta9 expressions ?is is done2 & we %\ld hold t if _! "w 9 ! _w has ju/ifi$ !m1 !n no b>ri]s %\ld be rais$ :i* _! fell[s 9 society d n h to meet1 & t _! education %\ld be (f]$ to !m )\t discrim9ation or /igma4 ,! b5efits d]iv$ f ! relation ) ! bo>d ( *>ities may be m ?an (fset by ! connection ) educational ag5cies1 :]e ! s*ool is recogniz$ z "p ( ! /ate's educational sy/em4 ,9 respect to ! provid+ ( ma9t5ance = ! pupils1 ?is c be reg>d$ z b an incid5ce1 :5 any o!r plan w\ld be impracticable4 ,! ma91 ov]%ad[+ purpose 9 ! "w ( ! in/itutions is education1 & :at are suppli$ beyond are only to r5d] ?is ! m effective4 ,b aft] all ?is is said1 ! oppon5ts ( ! *>ity connection insi/ t ! burd5 ( pro( is ^u ^? :o advocate ! connection4 ,:y1 !y ask1 %\ld ! deaf *ildr5 ( ! /ate :o are z capable ( be+ educat$ z o!rs be consid]$ objects ( ! /ate's *>ity8 ,:y any m ?an o!r *ildr58 ,! feel+ 9 ! matt] may be indicat$ by two decl>ations on ! subject1 "o by ! educators ( ! deaf1 & ! o!r by ! deaf !mselves4 ,! fir/ is 9 ! =m ( a resolution adopt$ by ! ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors3#eag ,resolv$1 t ! deaf y\? ( our l& unque/ionably des]ve1 & are lawfully entitl$ to1 ! same educational c>e & aid z _! m =tunate bro!rs & si/]s2 & t ?is education1 ! con/itutional duty ( ! /ate1 %\ld be accord$ !m z a matt] ( "r1 n ( *>ity1 /&+ 9 ! law1 z x is 9 fact1 a "p ( ! common s*ool sy/em4 ,! second is a resolution adopt$ by ! ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf3#eah ,:]eas1 ! privilege ( an education is ! bir?right ( e ,am]ican *ild 4442 & ,:]eas1 ! deaf *ild 444 has ! same inali5able "r to ! same education z 8 m =tunate he>+ bro!r2 & ,:]eas1 444 ! mod]n movem5t 444 is giv+ s*ools = ! deaf _! prop] place z "p ( ! public s*ool sy/em ( ! c\ntry2 & ,:]eas1 444 eighty-"o p] c5t ( ! deaf are ga9fully employ$ ( ^? :o h _h s*ool+1 ?us indicat+ ! value ( education 4442 !re=e be x ,resolv$1 444 t education ( ! deaf on ! "p ( ! /ate is simply fulfillm5t ( its duty z a matt] ( "r & ju/ice1 n sympa!tic *>ity & b5evol5ce to ! deaf2 444 t s*ools = ! deaf %\ld n be kn[n & reg>d$1 nor classifi$1 z b5evol5t or *>itable in/itutions1 444 b z /rictly educational in/itutions1 a "p ( ! common s*ool sy/em 444 & n ) su* associations z t5d to fo/] a _s ( dep5d5ce 9 ! pupils & m>k !m z ! objects ( *>ity ( ! /ate4444 ,,conclusions ,,9 ,,respect ,,to ,,! ,,*>ity ,,connection ,,( ,,s*ools ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,c]ta9 inf]5ces or conclusions may n[ be rea*$ reg>d+ our "q z to :e!r s*ools = ! deaf may be reg>d$ & classifi$ z *>itable4 #a4 ,9 ,am]ica ! s*ools h be5 reg>d$ bo? z educational & *>itable1 b !re is an increas+ t5d5cy to consid] !m z purely educational4 ,at pres5t ab\t half ( ! /ates hold !m entirely or 9 ! ma9 z educational4 #b4 ,! /ate bo>ds or public au?orities t reg>d ! s*ools z *>itable are 9 no wise prompt$ by any desire to discrim9ate aga9/ ! deaf1 or to d5y t !y are less capable or wor?y ( education ?an o!rs4 ,! "q is held to be ma9ly "o ( adm9i/ration4 #c4 ,inasmu* z bo>d & a home are provid$ 9 ! in/itutions1 & 9 "s cases clo?+ & transportation also1 ! *>itable elem5t is pres5t1 & 9 po9t ( fact ! s*ools mu/ be reg>d$ ad hoc z *>itable4 #d4 ,?is *>itable feature1 h[ev]1 plays a slight & almo/ negligible "p 9 ! "w ( ! s*ools1 be+ 9 fact only incid5tal1 & ! educational aims take prec$5ce ov] all else4 #e4 ,because ( ! associations involv$ 9 ! *>ity connection1 :i* are n %>$ 9 by ! regul> s*ools1 & because ( ! little to sugge/ *>ity 9 ! aft] lives ( ! deaf1 ! s*ools = ! deaf h reason to prote/ aga9/ ! connection4 ,z education is ! "o purpose ( ! s*ools1 & z _! op]ations are conduct$ solely to ?is end1 !y are entitl$ to an educational classification4 #f4 ,t ! s*ools = ! deaf %\ld ?us be held & treat$1 to ! f>!/ possible ext5t1 z purely educational1 is dem&$ bo? by ju/ice & by ! reg>d = ! prop] effect on ! deaf & on ! public4 ,,footnotes3 #ejg ,?us1 9 addition to ! /ates nam$ above1 9 ! con/itutions ( ,mi*igan1 ,oklahoma & ,virg9ia ! in/itutions are designat$ educational4 ,9 c]ta9 /ates also1 z we h se51 ! /ate sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction is ex-(ficio memb] ( ! gov]n+ bo>d1 & 9 a few o!r /ates report is made to ! dep>tm5t ( education4 ,9 ,new ,york & ,nor? ,c>ol9a ! s*ools are visit$ by ?is dep>tm5t4 ,9 a numb] also an educational classification is f\nd 9 "s ( ! /atutory ref]5ces or captions4 ,see 9 p>ticul> on ?is subject1 ,annals1 xlviii41 #aijc1 p4 #cdh2 lviii41 #aiac1 p4 #cbg4 #ejh ,! e>li] conception ( ! s*ools is 9 "p illu/rat$ by ! "n asylum giv54 ,briti% s*ools 7 (t5 call$ asylums or hospitals1 & 7 l>gely f\nd$ & support$ by *>ity4 ,likewise 9 ,am]ica ! t]m asylum 0 frequ5tly giv5 to ! s*ools :5 fir/ />t$4 ,b ! "n has n[ be5 g5]ally disc>d$1 & 9 b "o /ate is ! title reta9$1 ,new ,mexico4 ,s*ool is n[ mo/ly us$1 :ile 9 a few in/itution is employ$4 ,see ,annals1 loc4 cit4 ,see also ,report ( ,bo>d ( ,p5al1 ,paup] & ,*>itable ,in/itutions ( ,mi*igan1 #ahgh1 p4 #da4 #eji ,9 ,massa*usetts appropriations 7 once = b5efici>ies 9 asylums = ! deaf & dumb1 b n[ !y are = ! education ( deaf pupils 9 s*ools designat$ by law4 #eaj ,9 a legal s5se1 ne>ly all educational in/itutions c be call$ *>itable1 especially if !y are private affairs1 & gifts = su* purposes are held 9 ! law z = *>itable purposes4 ,see #d ,:eaton1 #eah2 #b ,h[4 7,u4 ,s471 #bbg2 #ad ,h[41 #bgg2 #dd ,mo41 #egj2 #be ,o4 ,/41 #bbi4 ,n _m cases h aris5 9 reg>d to ! /atus ( in/itutions = ! deaf4 ,9 #aijj ! ,columbia ,in/itution 0 held 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,attorney-,g5]al to be "u ! dep>tm5t ( *>ities1 b ,congress ! next ye> decl>$ x to be educational4 ,see ,annals1 xlvi41 #aija1 p4 #cde4 ,9 ,colorado an op9ion 0 r5d]$ t ! s*ool 0 educational alone1 & n subject to ! civil s]vice rules1 & ?is 0 lat] ratifi$ 9 ! con/itution & by ! legislature4 ,"s ( ! c\rts h be5 incl9$ to view ! in/itutions z *>itable4 ,9 ,nebraska ! s*ool = ! deaf 0 at fir/ consid]$ an asylum & 9 ! same class ) alm%\ses1 r ?an educational4 #f ,neb41 #bhf4 ,see also #dc ,neb41 #ahd4 ,9 ,new ,york ! provision ( ! law all[+ ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,*>ities to inspect ! ,in/itution = ! ,bl9d 0 attack$1 & x 0 held t1 ?\gh ! in/itution 0 p>tly educational & 0 visit$ by ! dep>tm5t ( education1 yet ! ^w *>ity 0 to be tak5 9 its usual mean+1 & if ! in/itution z a private body educat$1 clo!d & ma9ta9$ indig5t pupils1 x 0 *>itable4 #aed ,new ,york1 #ad 7#ahig74 #eaa ,see ,report ( ,ill9ois ,bo>d ( ,*>ities1 #ahgb1 pp4 #ac;ff41 #cb;ff4 #eab ,9 a few cases a home dur+ vacation is af=d$ to ! indig5t or unprotect$4 #eac ,9 ord] to discov] h[ ^! in/itutions are reg>d$ by ! dep>tm5ts ( *>ities1 lett]s ( inquiry 7 s5t by ! writ] to all ! /ates ( ! ,union4 ,replies 7 receiv$ 9 #de out ( #di cases1 com+ f bo>ds ( *>ities1 bo>ds ( control1 or 9 _! abs5ce f commission]s ( education or o!r /ate (ficials1--& 9 a few cases f individuals or societies to :om ! communication 0 turn$ ov]4 ,9 ! answ]s1 ! in/itutions 7 call$ *>itable by #f1 educational by #ac1 bo? *>itable & educational by #ab1 :ile by #ad ! "q 0 n specifically answ]$4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ^! replies 7 only private op9ions1 b !y repres5t none ! less ! views ( ^? mo/ 9 t\* ) ! *>ity activities ( ! /ates4 ,9 a few cases ! replies 7 at v>iance ) :at has be5 accept$ reg>d+ c]ta9 /ates4 ,x 0 also f\nd t bo>ds ( control d n necess>ily consid] ! in/itutions z *>itable4 #ead ,by "o bo>d1 :ile su* s*ools are admitt$ to be p>tly educational1 !y are held *>itable 9 t !y af=d a home = c]ta9 defective p]sons dur+ ! "t ( _! dep5d5ce4 ,by "o bo>d ! pupils are call$ *>ity pati5ts4 #eae ,! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 #eaf ,_m ( ! s*ools 9 _! reports take pa9s to disclaim any b a /rictly educational "*4 ,( ! ,mi*igan s*ool x is expressly /at$ t x is n an asylum1 re=matory or hospital2 ( ! ,colorado t x is n an 'asylum' or 'home' = ! afflict$2 x is n a hospital = ! c>e & treatm5t ( ! eyes & e>s2 & x is n a place = ! det5tion & c>e ( imbeciles2 ( ! ,ill9ois t x is n a re=matory1 poor h\se1 hospital or asylum2 ( ! ,indiana t x is n an asylum1 place ( refuge1 re=m s*ool1 alm%\se1 *ildr5's home or hospital2 ( ! ,georgia t x is 9 no s5se an asylum 444 or *>itable in/itution2 & ( ! ,mississippi t x is 9 no s5se an asylum 444 a home 444 nor a place = m$ical treatm5t4 ,see also ,report ( ,commission] ( ,public ,l&s & ,build+s ( ,nebraska1 #ahif1 p4 #cef2 ,education ,dep>tm5t ( ,new ,york1 #aiab1 p4 #ha4 #eag ,proce$+s1 xvii41 #aije1 p4 #afh4 ,see also ibid41 xv41 #ahih1 p4 #baf2 ,annals1 lv41 #aiaj1 p4 #acc4 ,! s*ools are also said to be ma9ta9$ solely = ! in/ruction ( a l>ge & int]e/+ class ( *ildr5 :o1 by reason ( a physical infirmity1 ! loss ( he>+1 are d5i$ in/ruction 9 ! public s*ools4 ,dr4 ,a4 ,l4 ,e4 ,cr\t]1 ,proce$+s ( ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #aijf1 p4 #bdi4 ,see also ,report ( ,k5tucky ,s*ool1 #aiji1 p4 #ag4 #eah ,proce$+s1 viii41 #aijg1 p4 #dj4 ,see also ibid41 v41 #ahif1 p4 #dg4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,provisions ,,conc]n+ ,,admission ,,( ,,pupils ,,into ,,s*ools ,,rules ,,z ,,to ,,! ,,paym5t ,,( ,,fees ,hi!rto we h consid]$ ! sev]al =ms ( provision = ! s*ools = ! deaf1 & ! g5]al treatm5t accord$ !m4 ,we n[ turn our exam9ation to ! s*ools !mselves 9 _! relation to ! pupils :o ent] !m4 ,our fir/ conc]n is ) ! provisions z to ! admission ( pupils into ! s*ools4 ,we f9d t ! s*ools1 to all int5ts & purposes1 are free to all applicants m5tally & physically qualifi$ to ent]4#eai ,usually1 :5 />t$1 ! s*ools 7 free to ! indig5t only1 ?\gh "s1 especially 9 ! ,we/1 7 made free to all f ! v beg9n+4 ,h[ev]1 !re 0 little attempt to obs]ve closely ^! limitations1 & 9 "t1 z we h se51 !y 7 = ! mo/ "p giv5 up4#ebj ,at pres5t limitations ( any k9d are f\nd 9 ! small] numb] ( /ates1 & exi/ 9 ^! 9 =m r ?an 9 practice1 s t to-day laws or regulations ( a re/rictive nature may be reg>d$ z b nom9al4 ,9 all ! /ates ! s*ools are by /atute free to ! indig5t at lea/1 & 9 less ?an a score is !re a regulation %ort ( univ]sal admittance prescrib$4 ,by ! word+ ( ! /atute1 ei!r directly or by implication1 x w\ld seem to be indicat$ t ! s*ools1 or1 9 _! abs5ce1 ! prop] public au?orities1 9 ! foll[+ /ates 7 /ill emp[]$ to dem& a *>ge 9 :ole or 9 "p f ^? able to pay3 ,alabama1 ,arizona1 ,delaw>e1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,florida1 ,k5tucky1 ,m>yl&1 ,mississippi1 ,miss\ri1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,new ,mexico1 ,nevada1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,virg9ia--^! /ates at lea/ mak+ ref]5ce 9 "s place to ! indig5t4#eba ,b ) or )\t su* ref]5ce1 z we h not$1 9 b few in/ances is !re a *>ge to any1 indig5t or n4#ebb ,9 "s /ates pro( ( indig5ce is /ill =mally necess>y1#ebc & 9 o!rs paym5t may be made if desir$4#ebd ,little ef=t1 !n1 is made to collect fees 9 ,am]ican s*ools = ! deaf4 ,! circum/ances ( ! deaf !mselves are usually su* z to dem& = !m education )\t co/2 :ile at ! same "t ! g5]al ,am]ican feel+ t education %\ld be a free gift ( ! /ate to its y\? w\ld be suffici5t to prev5t attempts to secure paym5t1 ev5 if su* action %\ld be consid]$ prop]4 ,,provision ,,= ,,collat]al ,,support ,,( ,,pupils ,! /ate ?us supplies ! means = ! education & ma9t5ance ( pupils )\t co/ to !m2 b to insure ! att5dance ( ^? :o by reason ( pov]ty might be prev5t$ f avail+ !mselves ( its b\nty1 x assi/s ev5 fur!r4 ,:]e no o!r means are provid$1 clo?+ & transportation to & f ! s*ools are furni%$ free ( exp5se4 ,su* *>ges are usually paid by ! c\nties f :i* ! pupils come1 ?\gh a few /ates und]take ?is directly4 ,a giv5 sum may be all[$ = ?is purpose1 or ! actual co/ may be collect$4#ebe ,,age ,,limits ,,( ,,att5dance ,) mo/ ( ! s*ools ! age limits ( att5dance are fix$1 & pupils may be admitt$ only )9 ! "t prescrib$ by ! law4 ,9 "s ! age p]mitt$ is ! common s*ool age2 9 o!rs pupils are admitt$ :o are ( suitable age & qualifications1 or capacity2 & 9 "s cases1 no limits be+ set d[n1 ! matt] seems to be left to ! discretion ( ! au?orities4#ebf ,9 s*ools :]e ! limits ( att5dance are specifi$1 ! m9imum age is usually six1 sev5 or eight1 :ile a few s*ools admit at five4 ,9 a few ( ! day s*ools1 & 9 mo/ ( ! oral home s*ools1 *ildr5 may be receiv$ z e>ly z ?ree1 or ev5 two1 to make an e>ly beg9n+ 9 ! use ( spee*1 "s ( ! home s*ools be+ design$ expressly to receive *ildr5 "u five1 or be=e ! regul> s*ool p]iod4 ,! age limit = ! completion ( ! s*ool p]iod is (t5 tw5ty or tw5ty-"o1 :ile a few s*ools may keep pupils long]1 z to tw5ty-five4 ,! mo/ frequ5t age p]iod at pres5t1 :]e age limits are /at$1 is f six to tw5ty-"o1 b ! p]iod (t5 beg9s & ends at o!r ages4#ebg ,9 "s cases pupils are all[$ to rema9 a c]ta9 numb] ( ye>s1 b none beyond a c]ta9 limit1 :ile 9 _m ! p]iod may be ext5d$ two1 ?ree or five ye>s1 :5 x appe>s t ! progress ( ! pupil ju/ifies a m protract$ resid5ce4#ebh ,f9ally1 x is to be not$ t ! limits ( att5dance h 9 g5]al be5 l[]$1 & h be5 made to con=m m & m ) ^? ( ! regul> s*ools4#ebi ,,footnotes3 #eai ,c]ta9 ( ! s*ools receive a few pay pupils1 b ^! are usually f outside ! /ate or are o!rwise exceptionally provid$ =4 ,receipts f su* s\rces are inconsid]able1 & h little effect on ! rev5ues ( ! s*ools4 ,accord+ to ! ,c5sus ( ,b5evol5t ,in/itutions ( #aije1 less ?an #ee1jjj came to ! s*ools 9 ?is way1 ! great] am\nt be+ = pupils ( o!r /ates4 #ebj ,! /atutes ( "s /ates1 z ( ,ma9e & ,massa*usetts1 ev5 g s f> z di/9ctly to decl>e t no discrim9ation %all be made on acc\nt ( weal?4 ,on ?is subject1 see ,report ( ,cl>ke ,s*ool1 #ahhe1 p4 #h4 #eba ,9 ,florida tuition at lea/ seems to be provid$ free by ! /atute1 & 9 ,georgia free admission seems to be provid$ only = ! indig5t bl9d1 :ile education is made free to all ! deaf4 ,on ?is subject1 see ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 iv41 #ahih1 p4 #ea;ff4 #ebb ,on ?is subject ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,mississippi ,s*ool address$ lett]s to heads ( ,s\!rn s*ools1 & f\nd only two--^? 9 ,texas & ,mississippi--hav+ any requirem5t z to paym5t4 ,9 ,mississippi !re _h be5 only two paym5ts 9 ! c\rse ( a consid]able numb] ( ye>s4 ,9 ! ,texas s*ool = ! ye> #aiji we f9d ! sum ( #a1edf collect$ z a reasonable am\nt = bo>d1--an unusual item 9 ! receipts ( a s*ool4 #ebc ,:]ev] a =mal regulation is /at$1 we are advis$ t ! s*ools are free to ! indig5t1 free if p>5ts are unable to pay1 free "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 etc4 ,9 a few /ates1 c]tificates ( inability h be5 dem&$4 #ebd ,9 ,ma9e1 = in/ance1 ! law /ates t ! s*ool is free1 provid$1 h[ev]1 t no?+ h]e9 conta9$ %all be held to prev5t ! volunt>y paym5t ( ! :ole or "p ( su* sum by ! p>5t or ! gu>dian4 #ebe ,"s /ates1 notably ,wa%+ton1 ,m9nesota1 ,mississippi1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,arkansas1 ,utah1 ,nebraska1 & ,oklahoma all[ funds to pay ! transportation ( /ud5ts :o ent] ! college at ,wa%+ton1 & 9 "s cases an ev5 fur!r all[ance is made4 ,9 ,m9nesota & ,nebraska1 = in/ance1 ! am\nt is #cjj a ye>4 ,see ,annals1 lvi41 #aiaa1 p4 #ahj4 #ebf ,ev5 :]e ! age p]iod is fix$ by law1 x is n always rigidly adh]$ to1 & consid]able ela/icity may be all[$4 ,( ! ,mi*igan s*ool we are told t ! /ate wisely all[s ! bo>d ( tru/ees ! privilege ( admitt+ ^? pupils :o are old] or y\ng]1 if !y see fit4 ,report1 #aijh1 p4 #cb4 ,= discussion ( ! age p]iod1 see ,report ( ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction1 #ahgj1 p4 #bh2 ,ohio ,s*ool1 #ahgb1 p4 #ag2 ,cl>ke ,s*ool1 #ahhh1 p4 #h2 ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #ahic1 p4 #cb2 ,mi*igan ,s*ool1 #ahid1 p4 #bb2 ,new ,j]sey ,s*ool1 #ahih1 p4 #bj2 ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #aija1 p4 #ce2 ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 xviii41 #aijh1 p4 #aef2 ,association ,review1 v41 #aijc1 p4 #chj4 #ebg ,! =mal age p]iod is f #f to #ba 9 ,colorado1 ,florida1 ,idaho1 ,m>yl&1 ,montana1 ,oklahoma1 ,s\? ,dakota1 & ,wa%+ton2 f #g to #ba 9 ,kansas1 ,mi*igan1 ,nebraska & ,new ,mexico2 #g to #be 9 ,georgia & ,nor? ,dakota2 #g to #bj 9 ,wiscons92 #h to #bj 9 ,m9nesota2 #h to #ba 9 ,indiana2 #h to #be 9 ,we/ ,virg9ia2 #h to #bf 9 ,cali=nia2 #e to #ba 9 ,i[a & ,ma9e2 #e to #bj 9 ,v]mont2 & 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a at "o s*ool #f to #ba1 & at ! o!r #h to #bc4 ,9 ,alabama pupils betwe5 ! ages ( #g & #ba may rema9 #aj ye>s1 ) an ext5sion ( #d1 b none beyond #be4 ,9 ,arkansas ! limits are #f & #ba1 & ! "t ( resid5ce may be ext5d$ to #ac ye>s4 ,9 ,texas !y are #g & #bj1 ) a resid5ce ( #ab ye>s p]mitt$4 ,9 ,miss\ri !y are #h & #ba1 ) a resid5ce ( #ab ye>s4 ,9 ,k5tucky & ,virg9ia !y are ! same1 ) a resid5ce ( #aj ye>s4 ,9 ,rhode ,isl& !y are #c & #bj1 ) a /ay ( #aj ye>s1 :i* may be ext5d$4 ,9 ,new ,j]sey ! limits are #h & #ba1 & a pupil is entitl$ to a /ay ( #h ye>s1 :i* may be ext5d$ #c1 & #c m 9 addition4 ,9 ,l\isiana ! limits are #h & #bb1 pupils "u #ad be+ all[$ to /ay #aj ye>s2 betwe5 #ad & #ag1 #h2 & ov] #ag1 #e--) an ext5sion 9 ea* case ( #d ye>s4 ,9 ,delaw>e a pupil may /ay #e ye>s1 ) a fur!r ext5sion ( #e4 ,9 ,ohio ! l[] limit is #g1 & none may rema9 m ?an #ac ye>s4 ,9 ,new ,york pupils may ent] at #e1 b aft] #ab1 ! p]iod is #e ye>s1 ) an ext5sion ( #c1 & a fur!r "o ( #c4 ,9 ,wyom+ pupils may ent] at #f2 & 9 ,connecticut at #f1 ) a resid5ce ( #ab ye>s & an ext5sion ( #f4 ,9 ,massa*usetts a resid5ce ( #aj ye>s is p]mitt$1 :i* may be ext5d$1 b "h ! ,cl>ke ,s*ool has no fix$ "t1 & ! ,horace ,mann takes pupils ov] #e4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania1 ?\gh ! /atute seems to h provid$ f #aj to #bj ye>s z ! p]iod1 !re are no /rict limits1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution receiv+ f #e to #ba1 ! ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania f #f to #bj1 & ! ,p5nsylvania ,oral none "u #f1 except 9 special circum/ances4 ,9 ,utah !re seems to be only an upp] limit ( #cj4 #ebh ,x sometimes happ5s t !re are f\nd a small numb] ( deaf p]sons :o are beyond ! age all[$1 b :o are 9 ne$ ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( s*ool+4 ,_! condition is said to be due to _! environm5ts1 to m]ciless & exact+ p>5ts1 to sickness1 & to o!r causes4 ,report ( ,i[a ,s*ool1 #ahab1 p4 #ac4 ,see also ,report1 #aiaj1 p4 #h4 ,"u special arrangem5ts1 "s ( ^! might be b5efit$ no little by a few ye>s ( in/ruction4 ,9 ,i[a su* p]sons may n[ be receiv$ up to ! age ( ?irty-five1 if ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,control cons5ts4 #ebi ,we h already notic$ t 9 ! fir/ s*ools an e>ly age 0 n insi/$ ^u1 "s pupils ent]+ at #aj or #ab1 :ile _! att5dance 0 also ( %ort duration4 ,! p]iod 0 (t5 f #i to #cj4 ,! latt] age has be5 all[$ 9 "s /ates till rec5t ye>s1 z 9 ,texas1 ,arkansas & ,miss\ri4 ,x may be /at$ "h t ! law z to resid5ce applies usually only at ! "t ( entrance1 & ! removal ( ! p>5t may n always effect a *ange4 ,= a case 9 po9t1 see #d ,r4 ,i41 p4 #ehg4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,att5dance ,,9 ,,s*ools ,,! ,,proportion ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ools ,! "q n[ arises z to :e!r ! deaf g5]ally att5d ^! s*ools provid$ = !m4 ,?is inquiry really resolves itself into two p>ts3 h[ f> ! deaf h at "s "t & = a long] or %ort] p]iod _h rec\rse to ! s*ools2 & h[ f> !y may be f\nd to be 9 att5dance at a giv5 "t4 ,! "o has relation r to h[ widely ! s*ools are ext5d+ _! educational opportunities1 & ! o!r to h[ effectively !y are accompli%+ _! ends4 ,z to ! fir/ consid]ation1 ! s*ools are f\nd to rea* mo/ ( ! deaf *ildr5 ) ! privileges ( an education to a great] or less ext5t4 ,f ! returns ( ! c5sus#ecj we f9d t ne>ly f\r-fif?s 7#gh4d p] c5t7 ( ! deaf h att5d$ s*ool1 ov] ?ree-f\r?s 7#gg4e p] c5t7 ( ^! hav+ att5d$ ! special s*ools4 ,! proportion w\ld be great] /ill b = ! numb] ( ! deaf too "y to ent] s*ool4 ,! proportion ( ! deaf ( s*ool age :o h att5d$ s*ool may likewise be e/imat$ by comp>+ ! total numb] ( approximate s*ool age ) ! numb] :o 7 report$ to h be5 9 att5dance4 ,!re 71 accord+ to ! c5sus1 #ac1ije deaf *ildr5 f five to tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,( ^!1 #aj1fdj1 or #gf4e p] c5t1 7 report$ to h att5d$ s*ool4#eca ,9 #aiab-aiac ! total numb] 9 att5dance 0 #ad1dgd1 :i* probably means a high] proportion4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 x w\ld seem t1 9 respect to ! numb] ( deaf *ildr5 actually rea*$ at "o "t or ano!r1 ! s*ools make a really comm5dable %[+1 & "o t is becom+ bett] f ye> to ye>4 ,! second matt]1 h[ev]1 _c be dispos$ ( ne>ly s satisfactorily4 ,x is difficult to det]m9e ) any approa* to exactness ! respective proportions ( ! deaf 9 ! sev]al /ates ( s*ool age :o are out ( s*ool4 ,! c5sus does n give u def9ite in=mation on ?is po9t2 & ?\gh ! s*ool au?orities !mselves are usually aw>e ( conditions 9 _! respective /ates1 !y seldom h ! means ( fully asc]ta9+4 ,b we may le>n some?+ ( ! g5]al situation4 ,9 ! reports ( "s ( ! s*ools compla9t is n infrequ5tly made z to ! numb] ( deaf *ildr5 out ( s*ool :o %\ld be 91 & 9 a portion ! numb] is said to be l>ge4#ecb ,! proportions1 fur!rmore1 f\nd 9 att5dance 9 ! diff]5t /ates 9 comp>ison ) _! total population1 or ) _! total deaf population "u tw5ty ye>s ( age1 indicate t ! att5dance 9 "s /ates is f> great] ?an 9 o!rs1 :i* means t 9 ! latt] a relatively small] "p are 9 s*ool4#ecc ,x w\ld appe>1 !n1 t ! numb] ( ! deaf out ( s*ool :o are ( s*ool age is probably n negligible 9 any ( ! /ates1 & t 9 "s x is v consid]able4#ecd ,! fact t ! s*ools d n h _! full quota ( pupils is n all due to ! refusal ( deaf *ildr5 to avail !mselves ( ! opportunity = a s*ool+4 ,x is 9 good "p ow+ also to ! failure ( "s ( ! pupils :o att5d to rema9 a suffici5t l5g? ( "t4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] we h se5 :at are ! limits ( att5dance prescrib$ 9 ! s*ools2 b z a matt] ( fact a l>ge proportion ( ! pupils d n rema9 ! full p]iod allott$1 & 9 "s ( ! s*ools an appreciable numb] d n rema9 ! bett] or a sub/antial "p ( ! t]m4#ece ,z 9 all s*ools1 !re is 9 ! pass+ ( ! pupils f ! ye>s ( *ildhood an increas+ t5d5cy to leave1 & ) ! deaf ?is applies ) no less =ce2#ecf s t on no small portion ( ! pupils ! "w ( ! s*ools is n p]mitt$ to h full effect4 ,,! ,,ne$ ,,( ,,compulsory ,,education ,,laws ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,x is ?us q evid5t1 h[ev] l>ge ! true proportion ( ! deaf :o att5d ! s*ool may be1 & :atev] ! proportion rema9+ a satisfactory p]iod may be1 t 9 practically e /ate !re are a c]ta9 numb] ( deaf *ildr5 n 9 ! s*ools :o %\ld be !re1 & t ! (f] ( ! /ate to provide an education = all its deaf *ildr5 is n avail$ ( z x %\ld be4#ecg ,= ! exi/5ce ( ?is condition ( affairs ! s*ools are n to be held responsible4 ,!y are usually do+ all !y c to get ! *ildr5 91 & all ! deaf if !y w may receive an education4 ,! cause lies fur!r back3 mo/ (t5 9 ! ignorance or %ort-sight$ness ( ! p>5t4 ,= x all !re is b "o rem$y--! enactm5t ( a /rong compulsory education law & its uncompromis+ en=cem5t4 ,no matt] h[ /r5u\s & dilig5t may be ! ef=ts to rea* ! *ildr51#ech x is only :5 su* a law is on ! /atute books t ! /ate's really effective weapon is at h& to secure att5dance4#eci ,h[ev] urg5t are ! ne$s ( compulsory education laws = *ildr5 g5]ally1 !re are special reasons = !m ) ! deaf4 ,! deaf /& 9 p>ticul> ne$ ( an education1 & )\t x _! condition is peculi>ly helpless & pitiable4 ,compell+ reason is also f\nd 9 ! fact t1 besides ! ord9>y s*ool+1 indu/rial tra9+ is likewise af=d$ to ! deaf1 :i* is h>dly possible else:]e1 & :i* may mean no little t[>ds success 9 aft] life4 ,ev5 ?\gh x sometimes seems h>d to take a deaf *ild f 8 home1 & sep>ate him f 8 p>5ts = a numb] ( mon?s at a "t1 especially if ! *ild is 9 8 t5d] ye>s1 ! great] necessity ( ! law is b indicat$ if su* *ildr5 are to be kept f gr[+ up 9 ignorance4 ,! h>d%ip 9 sep>ation is r app>5t only & is tempor>y1 :ile ! ga9s are n to be measur$4 ,n only %\ld ! deaf *ild be requir$ to att5d s*ool1 b = reasons equally /rong x %\ld be se5 t he rema9s at s*ool a suffici5t numb] ( ye>s1 & a suffici5t l5g? ( "t ea* ye>4 ,x is a difficult matt] z x is to secure full att5dance1 b too (t5 also ! temptation is at h& = pupils to leave e>ly to take up "w on _! own acc\nt1 or because ! s*ool r\t9e seems irksome2 & too (t5 is a pupil call$ away to help on ! f>m or 9 ! %op by :at is sometimes h>dly less ?an ! gre$ ( ! p>5t1 or by :at is sometimes miscall$ 8 pov]ty4 ,! /ate %\ld all[ no?+ at all to /& 9 ! way ( ! *ild's be/ int]e/s4 ,,pres5t ,,ext5t ,,( ,,compulsory ,,education ,,laws ,h[ important are compulsory education laws = ! deaf is be+ g5]ally se51 & ! dem& has become practically unanim\s = _! enactm5t1 ! feel+ n be+ conf9$ to educators ( ! deaf b %>$ 9 by o!rs int]e/$ 9 !m4#edj ,su* laws h begun to f9d _! way ^u ! /atute books1 & are n[ be+ increas+ly enact$4 ,already practically half ( ! /ates h !m1 ne>ly all ( :i* 7 enact$ s9ce #aijj4 ,9 o!r /ates ! matt] is also be+ agitat$1 ) ! likelihood t provisions w be ext5d$ to !m 9 "t4 ,/ates ) su* laws n[ numb] at lea/ tw5ty-?ree3 ,cali=nia1 ,colorado1 ,idaho1 ,indiana1 ,i[a1 ,kansas1 ,m>yl&1 ,massa*usetts1 ,mi*igan1 ,m9nesota1 ,montana1 ,nebraska1 ,new ,mexico1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,nor? ,dakota1 ,ohio1 ,oklahoma1 ,oregon1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,utah1 ,wa%+ton1 & ,wiscons94#eda ,) respect to ! provisions ( ^! /atutes1 we f9d t 9 "s cases ! g5]al compulsory education law applies ) its age-p]iods1 f9es1 etc41 :ile 9 o!rs !re are special enactm5ts = ! deaf4 ,9 mo/ /ates an exception is made if !re is in/ruction at home1 or ) equal facilities1 & at ! same "t & 9 ! same bran*es4 ,9 c]ta9 ones truancy (fic]s are expressly designat$ to en=ce ! law4#edb ,f9es = violation are plac$ at sums v>y+ f #e to #bjj4edc ,! p]iod ( att5dance requir$ may be ! s*ool ye>1 b m (t5 a "p1 z five1 six or eight mon?s2#edd & ! t]m = :i* att5dance is requir$ is ei!r a designat$ numb] ( ye>s1 z five or eight1 or a p]iod betwe5 c]ta9 age limits1 z f eight to sixte5 or f sev5 to eighte51 etc4#ede ,,footnotes3 #ecj ,special ,reports1 #aijf1 pp4 #ade1 #adf1 #bdb4 ,( ! color$ deaf less ?an "o-half--#a1afi out ( #b1hcf--;_h be5 to s*ool4 #eca ,9 #ahij ! proportion ( deaf *ildr5 betwe5 five & tw5ty ye>s f\nd to be 9 s*ool 0 only #dj p] c5t1 to be acc\nt$ = 9 "p by ! fact t only ^? *ildr5 actually 9 s*ool at ! "t t ! c5sus 0 tak5 7 includ$4 ,c5sus ,reports1 #ahij4 ,report on ,insane1 ,feeble-m9d$1 ,deaf & ,dumb & ,bl9d1 #ahie1 p4 #ajb4 #ecb ,9 ! case ( ! ,alabama ,s*ool x is said t !re are _m deaf *ildr5 ( s*ool age 9 ! /ate n 9 s*ool4 ,report1 #aijj1 p4 #bd4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,k5tucky ,s*ool x is /at$ t !re are /ill #bjj *ildr5 ( s*ool age 9 ! /ate :o h n receiv$ ! b5efit ( ! s*ool4 ,report1 #aijc1 p4 #ac4 ,see also ,report1 #ahhg1 p4 #ih4 ,9 ,t5nessee x is /at$ t !re are d\btless q a numb] ( deaf *ildr5 ( :om we h no k 9 c]ta9 c\nties4 ,report ( ,t5nessee ,s*ool1 #aiaj1 p4 #aa4 ,9 ,texas !re are said to be #cjj deaf *ildr5 9 ! /ate )9 s*ola/ic age :o are n 9 s*ool1 ?is proportion possibly be+ #ej p] c5t4 ,report ( ,texas ,s*ool1 #aiab1 pp4 #e1 #ab4 ,see also ,report ( ,bo>d ( ,*>ities ( ,new ,york1 #aiaj1 i41 p4 #aea2 ,arkansas ,s*ool1 #ahij1 p4 #dd2 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #ahhh1 p4 #ai2 #aijh1 p4 #ai2 ,m>yl& ,s*ool1 #ahic1 p4 #h4 #ecc ,x has be5 f\nd t1 by comp>+ ! numb] ( ! deaf 9 s*ool 9 ! sev]al /ates ) ! total population ( #aiaj1 ! be/ record is #bf4j p] #ajj1jjj ( population1 :i* belongs to ,wiscons92 & if ?is ratio be accept$ z an approximate /&>d1 ! av]age proportion = all ! ,unit$ ,/ates is only "o-half1 ) a ratio ( #ac4f p] #ajj1jjj1 :ile 9 a few ( ! /ates x is only "o-?ird1 ! l[e/ ratio be+ #f4a p] #ajj1jjj4 ,if all ! /ates _h z high a ratio z #bf1 ! numb] 9 att5dance w\ld be #bc1iac4 ,! f9d+ ( ^! results is due to ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,boo?1 ,volta ,review1 xii41 #aiaa1 p4 #ghf4 ,if we comp>e ! numb] ( ! deaf report$ by ! c5sus "u tw5ty ye>s ( age ) ! numb] f\nd at s*ool4 ,9 #aiab-aiac1 ! l[e/ proportion is se5 to be #de p] c5t1 ?\gh only half a doz5 /ates h proportions "u #fj4 #ecd ,! proportion ( *ildr5 g5]ally out ( s*ool is f\nd by ! ,russell ,sage ,f\ndation to av]age #ba4h p] c5t 9 all ! /ates1 rang+ f #g4c to #dd4g p] c5t4 ,comp>ative ,/udy ( ,public ,s*ool ,sy/ems 9 #dh ,/ates1 #aiab4 #ece ,9 respect to ! ages mo/ common 9 ! s*ools = ! deaf1 x has be5 f\nd by ,dr4 ,h>ris ,taylor1 ( ! ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction1 t ( #b1fcd pupils 9 #ch s*ools = :om returns 7 made1 #ai4h p] c5t 7 sev5 ye>s ( age2 #ag4c p] c5t1 eight2 #aj4i p] c5t1 six2 #aj4b p] c5t1 n9e2 & #i4f p] c5t1 t54 ,only #a4d p] c5t 7 ov] n9ete54 ,volta ,review1 xiv41 #aiab1 p4 #agg4 #ecf ,see ,report ( ,we/]n ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahhh1 p4 #bh2 ,k5tucky ,s*ool1 #ahhi1 p4 #ad4 ,9 ! regul> s*ools #he p] c5t ( ! pupils are said to drop out betwe5 ! twelf? & fifte5? ye>s4 ,f4 ,m4 ,leavitt1 ,examples ( ,indu/rial ,education1 #aiab1 p4 #ed4 ,see also ,report on ,condition ( ,wom5 & ,*ildr5 ,wage ,e>n]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aiaj1 vol4 #g4 #ecg ,9 "s cases x happ5s t ! s*ool is already cr[d$1 b ! ne$ is no less1 & x %\ld be ! bus9ess ( ! /ate to provide suffici5t accommodations = all ^? :o seek an education4 #ech ,great cr$it is (t5 due to ! s*ools = _! ef=ts to get all ! *ildr5 94 ,( ! ,k5tucky ,s*ool x is said t !re rema9 b few deaf *ildr5 :om we h n se5 p]sonally4 ,report1 #aijg1 p4 #ad4 #eci ,we d n h suffici5t data to enable u to make comp>ison betwe5 ! att5dance 9 /ates ) a compulsory education law & ^? )\t x1 ?\gh ! =m] h 9 g5]al app>5tly ! bett] record4 ,9 ,mi*igan x is /at$ t ! compulsory education law has br\ght 9 _m :o o!rwise w\ld n h come4 ,report1 #aijh1 p4 #ad4 #edj ,see ,proce$+s ( ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 #aijg1 p4 #dih2 ,report ( ,commission] ( ,*>ities & ,corrections ( ,oklahoma1 #aiab1 p4 #dcj2 ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 vii41 #ahgj1 p4 #acg2 x41 #ahhb1 p4 #afd2 xi41 #ahhf1 p4 #cd2 ,conf]5ce ( ,pr9cipals1 ii41 #ahgb1 p4 #agh2 ,national ,association ( ! ,deaf1 iii41 #ahhi1 p4 #eb2 ,annals1 xv41 #ahgj1 p4 #baf2 xliv41 #ahii1 p4 #aeb2 liv41 #aiji1 p4 #cef2 lviii41 #aiac1 p4 #cdg2 ,association ,review1 v41 #aijc1 p4 #aha2 ,report ( ,cl>ke ,s*ool1 #ahhh1 pp4 #h1 #ai2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,s*ool 7,raleigh7 #ahif1 p4 #f2 ,ill9ois ,s*ool1 #ahih1 p4 #ac2 ,colorado ,s*ool1 #ahih1 p4 #ah2 ,indiana ,s*ool1 #aijj1 p4 #bj2 ,oregon ,s*ool1 #aija1 p4 #i2 ,nebraska ,s*ool1 #aiab1 p4 #i2 & curr5t reports ( s*ools g5]ally4 #eda ,9 a c]ta9 numb] ( /ates1 moreov]1 z ,connecticut & ,we/ ,virg9ia1 t[n & c\nty au?orities are requir$ to make report ( ! deaf at fix$ times1 & ?is may sometimes h ! effect ( a regul> law4 ,9 addition1 9 "s /ates ) ! full law1 z ,wiscons91 ,mi*igan & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 x is ! duty ( c]ta9 c\nty (ficials1 z sup]9t5d5ts ( education1 assessors1 etc41 to s5d 9 ! names ( possible pupils to ! s*ools4 ,9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a _m c\nty sup]9t5d5ts ( education are said to take an int]e/ 9 ?us gett+ ! *ildr5 94 ,report ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,s*ool1 #aijh1 p4 #aj2 #aiaj1 p4 #i4 ,by ! secret>y ( ! /ate bo>d ( *>ities ( ,cali=nia1 h[ev]1 we are advis$ t ! /ate does n compel a p>5t to s5d 8 deaf or bl9d *ild to an in/itution4 #edb ,z 9 ,kansas1 ,m>yl&1 ,mi*igan1 ,m9nesota1 ,nebraska1 ,ohio1 & ,oregon4 #edc ,! f9es 9 "s ( ! /ates are z foll[s3 #e 9 ,m>yl&1 #e-bj 9 ,m9nesota1 #e-be 9 ,montana & ,oregon1 #bj 9 ,rhode ,isl&1 #be 9 ,i[a1 #e-ej 9 ,wiscons91 #ajj 9 ,kansas1 & #ej-bjj 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,9 ,utah ! (f5se is a misdemeanor4 #edd ,kansas requires #e mon?s1 ,oklahoma1 ,oregon & ,montana #f1 & ,m>yl&1 ,nor? ,dakota & ,wiscons9 #h4 #ede ,! numb] 9 ,montana is #h1 & 9 ,cali=nia #e4 ,! limits 9 ,wiscons9 are #f & #af1 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a #g & #ag1 9 ,indiana & ,m>yl& #h & #af1 9 ,nor? ,dakota #g & #bj1 9 ,kansas & ,oklahoma #g & #ba1 9 ,mi*igan1 ,nebraska & ,rhode ,isl& #g & #ah1 9 ,montana1 ,ohio1 ,oregon & ,utah #h & #ah1 9 ,m9nesota #h & #bj1 & 9 ,i[a #ab & #ai4 ,9 ,m9nesota x is sugge/$ t ! law apply to ^? ov] #bj z well4 ,report ( ,bo>d ( ,control1 #aijh1 p4 #cef2 ,report ( ,m9nesota ,s*ool1 #aiji1 p4 #bc4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,me?ods ,,( ,,in/ruction ,,9 ,,s*ools ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,signs ,,z ,a ,,means ,,( ,,communication ,deaf *ildr5 _c be educat$ z o!r *ildr51 & 9 ! s*ools !re h to be employ$ special means ( in/ruction4 ,9 ! pres5t *apt] x is our purpose to consid] ^! me?ods only z !y repres5t1 9 a complete /udy ( ! provision ( ! /ate = ! education ( ! deaf1 ! means :i* h be5 f\nd necess>y to employ to atta9 ?is end4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( organiz$ in/ruction ( ! deaf 9 ,am]ica a sy/em ( signs has be5 9 use to a wide ext5t4 ,at ! "t :5 ! me?ods ( in/ruction ( ! deaf 7 introduc$ into ! fir/ s*ools1 ! sign language 0 br\ght 9 z an ess5tial "p f ,france1 :]e x _h l>gely be5 =mulat$4 ,modifi$ some:at & consid]ably enl>g$--& 9 conjunction ) ! manual alphabet1 ( ,spani% orig9--! sy/em has tak5 its place z a recogniz$ means ( education & communication 9 ! great numb] ( ! s*ools4 ,! deaf !mselves aft] pass+ f ! doors ( ! s*ools h employ$ ! sign language ma9ly 9 _! int]c\rse ) "o ano!r1 & ) mo/ ( !m meet+s & social affairs are conduct$ virtually entirely 9 ?is mann]4 ,?us ! sign language has = long be5 "o ( ! vehicles--usually ! *ief vehicle--( communication among ! deaf & _! in/ructors4 ,) ! sign language = practical use goes ! manual alphabet1 or f+]-spell+1 by :i* ! sev]al lett]s ( ! alphabet are repres5t$ on ! h&1 ! two toge!r really con/itut+ ! language4#edf ,! ord] ( signs itself =ms to an ext5t a univ]sal language4 ,x consi/s ( ge/ures1 bodily movem5ts1 mimic actions1 pantomime1 po/ures--& to c>ry a close %ade ( mean+1 ev5 ! %rugg+ ( %\ld]s1 ! rais+ ( eyebr[s & ! expression ( ! face--all appeal+ graphically to ! accu/om$ eye4 ,! signs ( :i* x is made up are p>tly natural1 & p>tly arbitr>y or conv5tional2 & ! :ole sy/em z n[ practic$ has be5 codifi$1 z x 71 = exp]i5c$ us]s4 ,by ! deaf x c be employ$ rapidly & ) ease1 & is readily & cle>ly und]/ood4 ,_m ( !m become su* ma/]s ( ?is sil5t tongue t x may be us$ ) grace1 w>m? & expressiv5ess4#edg ,,rise ,,& ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,oral ,,movem5t ,?is sy/em ( signs1 h[ev]1 has n be5 look$ ^u ) favor by all p>ties4 ,! sign language is said to be a =eign language1 kn[n & und]/ood by only a v small "p ( ! population1 /&+ z a great b>ri] to ! acquisition ( language us$ by p g5]ally1 & t5d+ to make ! deaf ( a class ap>t or clanni%4 ,9 its place 9 ! s*ools w\ld be sub/itut$ :at is kn[n z ! oral me?od1 & spee* & lip-read+ w\ld be us$ z ! means ( in/ruction4 ,x has be5 s\ght ?us to give all ! s*ools ov] to ! oral me?od1 & summ>ily to drive out ! sign language4#edh ,?\gh ! sy/em ( signs has be5 us$ 9 ,am]ica z ! prevail+ me?od f ! beg9n+1 x _c be said t spee*-tea*+ _h n be5 employ$ at all 9 ! e>ly days4 ,sev]al s*ools _h />t$ out z oral s*ools1#edi & 9 o!rs spee* _h be5 employ$ to a great] or less ext5t4#eej ,b 9 none ( ! s*ools _h ! oral me?od be5 reta9$ to ! exclusion ( all o!rs4 ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 attempts 7 made to secure ! adoption ( a pure oral sy/em4 ,att5tion 0 call$ especially to ,g]many1 :i* _h long be5 kn[n z ! home ( ?is me?od1 & x 0 s\ght to introduce x into ,am]ica4#eea ,9 #ahdc ,horace ,mann & ,dr4 ,samuel ,g4 ,h[e visit$ t c\ntry1 & on _! return report$ 9 favor ( ! oral me?od1 ?\gh no *ange 0 !n br\ght ab\t4#eeb ,a few ye>s lat] ! matt] 0 fur!r agitat$1 & 9 #ahfd an ef=t 0 made to h an oral s*ool incorporat$ 9 ,massa*usetts1 b )\t success4 ,a small oral s*ool 0 !n />t$ at ,*elmes=d 9 #ahff1 :i* aft] a %ort "t 0 remov$ to ,nor?ampton1 hav+ be5 v lib]ally end[$1 & becom+ kn[n z ! ,cl>ke ,s*ool4 ,9 #ahfg ! legislature decid$ to incorporate ?is1 & to all[ "s ( ! /ate pupils to be s5t to x4 ,9 ! meantime--9 fact1 sev5 mon?s prior to ! actual e/abli%m5t ( ! ,cl>ke ,s*ool--a s*ool :i* _h result$ f a private class _h be5 />t$ 9 ,new ,york ,city1 kn[n z ! ,new ,york ,in/itution = ! ,improv$ ,in/ruction ( ,deaf-,mutes4 ,?is 0 "u a =m] ,au/rian tea*]1 & its /at$ purpose 0 to use ! oral me?od z 9 ,g]many4 ,two ye>s lat] ! s*ool bo>d ( ,bo/on1 hav+ made a canvass ( ! deaf *ildr5 ( ! city1 resolv$ to e/abli% a day s*ool1 :i* 0 to be a pure oral "o1 & :i* n long aft] 0 call$ ! ,horace ,mann ,s*ool4 ,^! ?ree s*ools 7 ?us ! pione]s 9 ! pres5t oral movem5t4#eec ,! oral me?od has ga9$ gr\nd /eadily s9ce ^! times4 ,x is n[ us$ exclusively 9 twelve ( ! in/itutions1 :ile x has always rema9$ ! prevail+ me?od 9 ! day s*ools4#eed ,a great ext5sion is also f\nd 9 ! in/itutions employ+ :at is call$ ! comb9$ sy/em1 & 9 !m m & m att5tion is giv5 to ! tea*+ ( spee*4 ,! gr[? 9 ! numb] ( spee*-taught pupils may be indicat$ 9 ! foll[+ table1 %[+ ! numb] & p]c5tage ( ^? taught spee* 9 diff]5t ye>s f #ahhd1 ! ye> we fir/ h record2 ( ^? taught :olly or *iefly by ! oral me?od s9ce #ahib2 & also ( ^? taught :olly or *iefly by ! auricul> me?od s9ce #ahic4eee ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,,taught ,,spee*1 ,,numb] ,,taught ,,:olly ,,or ,,*iefly ,,by ,,oral ,,me?od1 ,,& ,,numb] ,,taught ,,:olly ,,or ,,*iefly ,,by ,,auricul> ,,me?od1 ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,ye>s ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,numb] ,,numb] ,,total ,,taught ,,taught ,,numb] ,,numb] ,,:olly ,,:olly ,,ye> ,,( ,,taught ,,p] ,,or ,,p] ,,or ,,p] ,,pupils ,,spee* ,,c5t ,,*iefly ,,c5t ,,*iefly ,,by ,,c5t ,,by ,,oral ,,auricul> ,,me?od ,,me?od ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #ahhd #g1dhb #b1jda #bg4b #ahij #h1ija #c1fhb #da4c #ahib #g1idj #c1ibd #di4d #a1eha #ai4i #ahic #h1cjd #d1dhe #ed4j #b1jef #bd4g #hj #j4i #ahie #i1beb #e1jhd #ed4i #b1egj #bg4g #adi #a4f #aijj #aj1fjh #f1hhg #fc4j #d1ech #db4h #ajh #a4j #aije #aa1cdd #g1gjj #fg4h #e1gcc #ej4e #adi #a4c #aiaj #ab1ccb #h1hfh #ga4i #g1efb #fa4c #acd #a4a #aiac #ac1dei #aj1ach #ge4c #h1gia #fe4c #ace #a4a ,x ?us appe>s t 9 a little ov] a qu>t] ( a c5tury ! proportion ( pupils 9 ! s*ools taught spee* has ne>ly trebl$2 & t 9 a score ( ye>s ! proportion taught *iefly or :olly by ! oral me?od has m ?an trebl$4 ,! proportion ( ! pupils taught :olly or *iefly by ! auricul> me?od nev] rises above two p] c5t4 ,x %\ld be /at$1 h[ev]1 t ^! figures are n to be tak5 z mean+ t all ! pupils ?us enum]at$ h become pr(ici5t 9 ! employm5t ( spee*1 or h become able to speak cle>ly & intelligibly1 & well en\gh = g5]al practical use4 ,x w\ld be ne>e/ ! tru? to say t !y are taught articulation1 or t !y are in/ruct$ by ! use ( spee* & spee*-read+4 ,(t5times ! greate/ success lies 9 ! pres]vation 9 fair %ape ( ! spee* ( ^? :o h once _h x4 ,! spee* acquir$ by ! deaf is ( v>y+ degrees1 z we h se52 b 9 "s x may be su* z to be ( di/9ct s]vice1 z well z ! lip-read+ :i* may be said to g ) x4#eef ,,pres5t ,,me?ods ,,( ,,in/ruction ,! me?ods ( in/ruction at pres5t employ$ 9 ,am]ican s*ools = ! deaf are kn[n z ! manual1 ! manual alphabet1 ! oral1 ! auricul> & ! comb9$4 ,!y are ?us describ$ 9 ! ,annals3#eeg ,i4 ,,! ,,manual ,,me?od4--,signs1 ! manual alphabet1 & writ+ are ! *ief means us$ 9 ! in/ruction ( ! pupils1 & ! pr9cipal objects aim$ at are m5tal developm5t & facility 9 ! compreh5sion & use ( writt5 language4 ,! degree ( relative importance giv5 to ^! ?ree means v>ies 9 diff]5t s*ools2 b x is a diff]5ce only 9 degree1 & ! end aim$ at is ! same 9 all4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,manual ,,alphabet ,,me?od4--,! manual alphabet & writ+ are ! *ief means us$ 9 ! in/ruction ( ! pupils1 & ! pr9cipal objects aim$ at are m5tal developm5t & facility 9 ! compreh5sion & use ( writt5 language4 ,spee* & spee*-read+ are taught to all ( ! pupils 9 ! s*ool 7! ,we/]n ,new ,york ,in/itution7 record$ z foll[+ ?is me?od4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,oral ,,me?od4--,spee* & spee*-read+1 toge!r ) writ+1 are made ! *ief means ( in/ruction1 & facility 9 spee* & spee*-read+1 z well z m5tal developm5t & writt5 language1 is aim$ at4 ,!re is a diff]5ce 9 ! diff]5t s*ools 9 ! ext5t to :i* ! use ( natural signs is all[$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! c\rse1 & also 9 ! prom95ce giv5 to writ+ z an auxili>y to spee* & spee*-read+ 9 ! c\rse ( in/ruction2 b !y are diff]5ces only 9 degree1 & ! end aim$ at is ! same 9 all4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,auricul> ,,me?od4--,! he>+ ( semi-deaf pupils is utiliz$ & develop$ to ! greate/ possible ext5t1 & ) or )\t ! aid ( artificial appliances1 _! education is c>ri$ on *iefly ?r\gh ! use ( spee* & he>+1 toge!r ) writ+4 ,! aim ( ! me?od is to graduate its pupils z h>d-(-he>+ speak+ p1 in/ead ( deaf-mutes4 ,v4 ,,! ,,comb9$ ,,sy/em4--,spee* & spee*-read+ are reg>d$ z v important1 b m5tal developm5t & ! acquisition ( language are reg>d$ z /ill m important4 ,x is believ$ t 9 _m cases m5tal developm5t & ! acquisition ( language c be/ be promot$ by ! ,manual or ,manual ,alphabet ,me?od1 & s f> z circum/ances p]mit1 su* me?od is *os5 = ea* pupil z seems be/ adapt$ = 8 individual case4 ,spee* & spee*-read+ are taught :]e ! measure ( success seems likely to ju/ify ! labor exp5d$1 & 9 mo/ ( ! s*ools "s ( ! pupils are taught :olly or *iefly by ! ,oral ,me?od or ! ,auricul> ,me?od4#eeh ,( ^! me?ods ! oral & ! comb9$ are practically ! only ones f\nd4 ,! auricul> is employ$ only 9 connection ) c]ta9 pupils 9 "s ( ! s*ools2 :ile ! manual me?od is f\nd 9 b two s*ools1 & ! manual alphabet 9 b "o4 ,9 ! in/itutions ! comb9$ is by f> ! prepond]at+ sy/em1 be+ employ$ 9 all b fifte5 ( ! sixty-five2 :ile ! oral is employ$ 9 twelve4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! oral me?od is us$ 9 ! day s*ools almo/ altoge!r1 !re be+ b two ( ! sixty-five s*ools employ+ ! comb9$ sy/em4 ,9 ! tw5ty-"o d5om9ational & private s*ools ! oral me?od pr$om9ates1 fifte5 employ+ ! oral or ! oral & auricul>1 & six ! comb9$4 ,9 su* s*ools1 ! d5om9ational m (t5 employ ! comb9$ me?od1 :ile ! /rictly private are oral4 ,9 respect to ! numb] ( pupils 9 ! s*ools us+ ! two *ief me?ods1 we f9d t #hc4g p] c5t ( ^? 9 in/itutions are 9 in/itutions employ+ ! comb9$ sy/em1 & #ac4i p] c5t 9 oral in/itutions2 t ( ^? 9 day s*ools #if4a p] c5t are 9 oral s*ools1 & #c4i p] c5t 9 comb9$2 & t ( ^? 9 d5om9ational & private s*ools1 #ed4h p] c5t are 9 comb9$ s*ools1 & #de4b p] c5t 9 oral4 ,( all ! pupils 9 ! s*ools1 #gb4d p] c5t are 9 s*ools employ+ ! comb9$ sy/em ( in/ruction1 & #be4f p] c5t 9 s*ools employ+ ! oral4 ,! p]c5tage taught by ! manual or manual alphabet me?od is #b4j4 ,! p]c5tage giv5 auricul> in/ruction is #a4a4 ,,c\rses ,,( ,,/udy ,,& ,,gradations ,,( ,,pupils ,s*ools = ! deaf h c\rses ( /udy correspond+ 9 g5]al ) ^? 9 regul> s*ools1 al?\gh special emphasis & drill h to be put ^u language--some?+ ! cong5itally deaf *ild 9 p>ticul> f9ds exce$+ly difficult to use prop]ly4 ,pupils capable ( tak+ ! full c\rse are c>ri$ ?r\gh ! k9d]g>t51 prim>y1 int]m$iate1 gramm> & high s*ool grades2 & on ! completion ( ! prescrib$ c\rse may receive diplomas1 :ile 9 "s cases a c]tificate may be grant$ = a c]ta9 p]iod ( att5dance4 ,n a l>ge proportion ( ! pupils1 h[ev]1 really graduate4#eei ,9 all ! s*ools = ! deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! ye> #aiab-aiac !re 7 #ad1dgd pupils4 ,( ^!1 #aa1hid1 or #hb4b p] c5t1 7 9 in/itutions2 #a1idb1 or #ac4d p] c5t1 9 day s*ools2 & #fch1 or #d4d p] c5t1 9 d5om9ational & private s*ools4#efj ,! in/ructors employ$ 9 all ! s*ools 7n includ+ tea*]s ( indu/ries1 b includ+ sup]9t5d5ts or pr9cipals7 numb] #a1dai1 or "o in/ructor = e #i4e pupils3 9 ! in/itutions1 #a1jij1 or "o to #aj2 9 ! day s*ools1 #bbc1 or "o to #g4i2 & 9 ! d5om9ational & private1 #ib1 or "o to #e4g4efa ,! total numb] ( pupils :o h receiv$ in/ruction f ! beg9n+ is #gb1dec1 ( :om #hi4j p] c5t h be5 9 in/itutions1 #g4g p] c5t 9 day s*ools1 & #c4c p] c5t 9 d5om9ational & private s*ools4 ,! foll[+ table1 bas$ on ! figures giv5 9 ! ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,education w %[ ! numb] ( pupils 9 ! diff]5t grades & classes 9 ! s*ools = ! ye> #aiaa-aiab4efb ,,grades ,,( ,,pupils ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ools ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,classes ,,classes ,,classes ,,correspond+ ,,correspond+,,correspond+ ,,k9d ,,( ,,s*ool,,k9d]g>t5,,to ,,grades #a ,,to ,,to ,,grades #e ,,to ,,high ,,dep>tm5ts #d ,,9 ,,elem5t>y ,,to #h ,,s*ool ,,s*ools ,,grades ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,in/itutions #a1jfc #e1jdj #c1cfe #a1jfi ,day ,s*ools #acd #a1aie #eei #ch ,d5om9ational & ,private ,s*ools #fc #bdd #afc #af ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,total #a1bfj #f1dgi #d1jhg #a1abc ,= #aiab !re 7 report$ #acc graduates f ! s*ools3 #acj f in/itutions1 #b f day s*ools1 & #a f d5om9ational or private s*ools4#efc ,,indu/rial ,,tra9+ ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ools ,! indu/rial tra9+ giv5 9 ! ,am]ican s*ools = ! deaf =ms a v important feature ( ! "w--9 _m respects x may be said to be ! mo/ important4 ,9 _m ( ! s*ools indu/rial in/ruction 0 recogniz$ almo/ f ! v />t1 & 9 a numb] x comm5c$ practically ) ! beg9n+ ( ! "w ( education4#efd ,x is n[ provid$ 9 all ! in/itutions1 9 ne>ly all ! day s*ools1 & 9 ov] half ( ! d5om9ational & private s*ools4 ,_m ( ! in/itutions h l>ge1 well-equipp$ %op & trade dep>tm5ts1 ) skill$ & capable in/ructors4 ,ne>ly e pupil at a suitable age is put at "s indu/ry1 & enc\ragem5t & special opportunity are (t5 giv5 to ^? :o %[ a p>ticul> b5t or aptitude4 ,! value ( ?is indu/rial prep>ation ( ! s*ools 9 ! aft] lives ( ! deaf has already be5 ref]r$ to4#efe ,! foll[+ table w %[ ! numb] & p]c5tage ( ! pupils 9 ! sev]al k9ds ( s*ools 9 indu/rial dep>tm5ts1 accord+ to ! ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,education = #aiaa-aiab4eff ,,numb] ,,( ,,pupils ,,9 ,,indu/rial ,,dep>tm5ts ,,9 ,,s*ools ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,total ,,numb] ,,9 ,,k9d ,,( ,,s*ool ,,numb] ,,indu/rial ,,p] ,,c5t ,,dep>tm5ts ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,in/itutions #aa1bdd #f1bjc #ee4b ,day ,s*ools #a1ibh #ffb #cd4c ,d5om9ational & ,private ,s*ools #eah #aif #cg4h ----------------------------- ,total #ac1fij #g1jfa #ea4h ,9 all ! s*ools !re are #djc indu/rial in/ructors1 #cgc be+ 9 in/itutions4#efg ,! indu/ries taught 9 ! s*ools1 z giv5 9 ! ,annals1#efh are z foll[s3 ,art1 bak+1 b>b]+1 basket-mak+1 blacksmi?+1 bookb9d+1 bookkeep+1 bricklay+1 broom-mak+1 build+ trades1 cab9et-mak+1 calcim9+1 c>p5try1 *alk-engrav+1 cem5t+1 *air-mak+1 *9a-pa9t+1 con/ruction "w1 cook+1 clay-model+1 coop]y1 dairy+1 dome/ic sci5ce1 draw+1 dress-mak+1 electricity1 embroid]y1 eng9e]+1 fancy "w1 f>m+1 floriculture1 g>d5+1 glaz+1 h>ness-mak+1 h\se decoration1 half-tone engrav+1 h\sework1 horticulture1 iron+1 knife "w1 knitt+1 lace-mak+1 laund]+1 lea!r "w1 manual tra9+1 mattress-mak+1 mill9]y1 ne$lework1 nurs+1 pa9t+1 pap]-hang+1 photography1 pla/]+1 plate-engrav+1 plumb+1 pott]y1 p\ltry-f>m+1 pr9t+1 pyrography1 raffia1 rug-weav+1 sew+1 %oemak+1 %op "w1 sign-pa9t+1 sloyd1 /one-lay+1 /5cil "w1 tailor+1 t9-"w1 tray "w1 typewrit+1 ,v5etian iron-"w1 weav+1 wood-c>v+1 wood-engrav+1 wood-turn+1 wood-work+1 work+ 9 iron1 & ! use ( tools4 ,! numb] & k9ds ( p>ticul> indu/ries taught 9 ! diff]5t s*ools v>y n a little4 ,9 a few z _m z a score are (f]$1 :ile 9 o!rs only ?ree or f\r are giv54 ,! av]age seems to be ab\t six or eight4 ,! mo/ usual indu/ries af=d$ are art1 cab9et-mak+1 c>p5try1 cook+1 dome/ic sci5ce1 draw+1 dress-mak+1 f>m+1 g>d5+1 laund]+1 pa9t+1 pr9t+1 sew+1 %oemak+1 sign-pa9t+1 tailor+1 wood-work+1 & ! use ( tools4 ,! mo/ common ( all are c>p5try1 sew+1 pr9t+1 f>m+1 %oemak+1 & pa9t+4 ,9 mo/ ( ! in/itutions pap]s are pr9t$ to af=d practical in/ruction 9 pr9t+1 z well z to give local news ( int]e/4 ,^! pap]s are publi%$ weekly1 bi-weekly or mon?ly4 ,a numb] ( ! s*ools1 especially ^? 9 agricultural /ates1 also h small exp]im5tal f>ms 9 connection ) _! indu/rial "w1 & dairy f>m+ & truck g>d5+ are (t5 giv5 p>ticul> att5tion4#efi ,,footnotes3 #edf ,9 ,am]ica ! "o-h& alphabet is us$ practically altoge!r1 :i* is also ! case ) mo/ ( ! c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,9 ,engl& ! d\ble-h& is employ$ ma9ly4 ,f+]-spell+1 z well z sign-mak+1 is v old ) ! human race4 ,! ,egyptians1 ,greeks & ,romans are said to h made use ( a sy/em ( f+] notation4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages monks 9 _! en=c$ sil5ce (t5 resort$ to a f+] alphabet4 ,dalg>no1 "o ( ! e>ly ,engli% writ]s on ! deaf1 _h an alphabet 9 :i* ! lett]s 7 repres5t$ by p>ts ( ! h&4 ,see ,j4 ,c4 ,gordon1 ,practical ,h9ts to ,p>5ts conc]n+ ! ,prelim9>y ,tra9+ ( ,"y ,deaf ,*ildr51 #ahhf1 p4 #cd;ff42 ,w4 ,r4 ,cull+wor?1 ,a ,brief ,review ( ! ,manual ,alphabet = ! ,deaf1 #aijb4 #edg ,= a description ( ! sign language1 see ,j4 ,s4 ,long1 ,! ,sign ,language3 a ,manual ( ,signs1 #aiaj4 ,see also ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 viii41 #ahbd1 p4 #cdh2 ,annals1 i41 #ahdg1 pp4 #ee1 #gi2 v41 #aheb1 pp4 #hc1 #adi2 vii41 #ahee1 p4 #aig2 xvi41 #ahga1 p4 #bba2 xviii41 #ahgc1 p4 #a2 xxxii41 #ahhg1 p4 #ada2 lvii41 #aiaa1 p4 #df2 ,proce$+s ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 ii41 #ahea1 p4 #aic2 iv41 #aheg1 p4 #acc2 vii41 #ahgj1 p4 #acc2 xii41 #ahij1 pp4 #ajj1 #aga2 ,report ( ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahch1 p4 #ad2 #ahdj1 p4 #ag2 ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #ahef1 p4 #ah2 ,cali=nia ,s*ool1 #ahge1 p4 #bd4 ,see also ,! ,deaf3 by _! ,fruits1 by ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #aiab4 #edh ,aga9/ ! argum5ts to aboli% ! sign language1 x is claim$ t signs are free1 & are z natural to ! deaf z spok5 words to ! he>+2 t ) c]ta9 ( ! deaf1 especially ! cong5itally deaf1 !y are all b indisp5sable2 t !y cause m5tal /imulation z _c o!rwise be done2 t ! acquisition ( spee* requires a great am\nt ( "t1 :i* is (t5 ne$$ = o!r ?+s2 t ! voices ( _m ( ! deaf are disagreeable & attract notice2 t communication readily & ) pleasure among ! deaf by spee* & spee*-read+ _c be accompli%$ to any wide ext5t2 t only ) ! gift$ few1 & n ) ! g5]al body ( ! deaf1 c su* pr(ici5cy 9 ! use ( spee* & spee*-read+ be atta9$ z to cause !m to be re/or$ to society1 9 t !y c ) ease & ) any consid]able degree ( satisfaction c>ry on int]c\rse ) ! he>+2 & t1 f9ally1 ! great majority ( ! deaf vigor\sly dem& ! ret5tion ( ! sign language4 #edi ,! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 by a resolution adopt$ at ! fir/ meet+ ( its bo>d ( directors 9 #ahah1 decid$ = ! employm5t ( articulation tea*+1 :i* policy 0 cont9u$ = "s t5 ye>s4 ,report1 #aijh1 p4 #cj2 ,e4 ,h4 ,curri]1 ,hi/ory ( ,articulation ,tea*+ 9 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahid 7,proce$+s ( ,am]ican ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf1 iv41 sec4 #ab72 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,education1 iii41 #ahbh1 p4 #cig4 #eej ,9 addition1 !re h always be5 sporadic in/ances ( private in/ruction 9 spee*1 z by "o's family or fri5ds4 #eea ,x is also claim$ t x 0 by accid5t t ! sign me?od came into vogue 9 ,am]ica1 ,gallaudet 9 8 trip to ,europe hav+ f\nd ! ,london & ,ed9burgh s*ools clos$ to him1 & hav+ = ?is reason be5 compell$ to turn to ,france1 :]e ! sign me?od 0 9 use4 #eeb ,x is int]e/+ to note t aft] ,mann & ,h[e _h made _! report1 ! ,am]ican ,s*ool at ,h>t=d & ! ,new ,york ,in/itution s5t special repres5tatives to ,europe to inve/igate1 ^! advis+ little *ange on ! :ole4 ,see ,report ( ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #ahde1 p4 #be2 ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #ahdd1 p4 #fb2 #ahea1 p4 #hc4 #eec ,see ,life & ,works ( ,horace ,mann1 #ahia1 iii41 p4 #bde2 ,life & ,j\rnals ( ,samuel ,g4 ,h[e1 #aiji1 p4 #afi2 ,report ( ,bo>d ( ,*>ities ( ,massa*usetts1 #ahfg1 p4 lxxii42 #ahfh1 p4 lx42 ,report ( ,special ,jo9t ,committee ( ! ,legislature on ,education ( ,deaf-,mutes1 ,massa*usetts1 #ahfg2 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 lix41 #ahdd1 p4 #cbi2 civ41 #ahfg1 p4 #ebh2 ,am]ican ,review1 iii41 #ahdf1 p4 #dig2 ,common ,s*ool ,j\rnal 7,bo/on71 vi41 #ahdd1 p4 #fe2 ,nation1 iv41 #ahfg1 pp4 #bdi1 #cci2 ,report ( ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction1 #ahfh1 p4 #e2 #ahgj1 p4 #aj2 ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #ahdi1 p4 #cc2 #ahff1 p4 #ah2 #ahfg1 p4 #bi2 #ahfh1 p4 #af2 ,cl>ke ,s*ool1 #ahge1 p4 #e2 ,addresses at #be? ,anniv]s>y ( ,cl>ke ,s*ool1 #ahib2 ,report ( ,committee ( ,s*ool = ,deaf-,mutes 7,horace ,mann71 #ahgc1 p4 #c2 #ahia1 p4 #h2 ,annals1 xxi41 #ahgf1 p4 #agh2 ,l5d a ,h&1 xiii41 #ahid1 p4 #cdf2 ,int]national ,review1 xi41 #ahha1 p4 #ejc2 ,g4 ,g4 ,hubb>d1 ,education ( ,deaf ,mutes1 #ahfg1 & ,rise ( ,oral ,me?od 79 collect$ writ+s1 #ahih72 ,a4 ,g4 ,bell1 ,! ,my/ic ,oral ,s*ool3 ,argum5t 9 its ,favor1 #ahig1 & ,fallacies conc]n+ ! ,deaf1 #ahhc2 ,bo/on ,p>5ts' ,education ,association1 ,(f]+ 9 behalf ( ! ,deaf1 #aijc2 ,fr$ ,del&1 ,dumb ,no ,long]3 ! ,romance ( ! ,telephone1 #aijc2 ,educational ,review1 xii41 #ahif1 p4 #bcf2 ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 xxxi41 #ahig1 p4 #cca2 ,am]ican ,educational ,review1 xxxi41 #aiaj1 pp4 #bai1 #bha1 #dae2 ,proce$+s ( ,am]ican ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf1 i41 #ahia1 p4 #hi2 ,volta ,review1 xiv41 #aiab1 p4 #egi 7,proce$+s ( same72 ,evid5ce be=e ,royal ,commission on ! ,deaf1 etc41 #ahib1 i41 p4 #f2 ii41 p4 #c2 iii41 p4 #bjh4 #eed ,9 _m ( ! day s*ool laws ! use ( ! oral me?od is requir$1 :i* is also p>tly ! case 9 sev]al /ate in/itutions4 #eee ,^! /ati/ics are tak5 f ! ,special ,reports ( ! ,c5sus ,(fice1 #aijf1 p4 #hf1 & ! ,janu>y issues ( ! ,annals4 ,see also ,volta ,review1 xv41 #aiac1 p4 #ij2 ,proce$+s ( ,am]ican ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf 7,condition ( ,articulation ,tea*+ 9 ,am]ican ,in/itutions71 ii41 #ahib2 ,report ( ,committee ( ,horace ,mann ,s*ool1 ,massa*usetts1 #ahia1 p4 #h;ff42 #ahie 7,proce$+s ( #be? ,anniv]s>y74 #eef ,! greate/ usefulness ( ?is spee* is (t5 f\nd 9 "o's own family circle1 or ) imm$iate fri5ds4 #eeg ,jan41 #aiad1 lix41 p4 #da4 #eeh ,! *oice ( me?ods = pupils may (t5 dep5d on _! classification1 z not$ be=e1 into deaf-mutes1 t is1 ^? :o h nev] be5 able to he>2 semi-mutes1 ^? :o h be5 able to he> & speak1 & reta9 _! spee* to "s ext5t2 & semi-deaf1 ^? able to he> a little4 #eei ,= acc\nts ( possible correspond5ce or ext5sion c\rses = ! deaf outside ! s*ools1 see ,report ( ,cali=nia ,in/itution1 #aijd1 p4 #ah4 #efj ,f ,annals1 ,jan41 #aiad1 7lix41 p4 #bc74 ,= a few s*ools ! figures ref] to ! numb] pres5t on ,novemb] #aj1 #aiac4 ,! total numb] on ?is date 0 #ac1dej4 ,! ,volta ,review = ,may1 #aiac 7xv41 p4 #ii71 gives ! total numb] pres5t on ,m>* #a1 #aiac1 z #ac1adc4 ,! ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,education gives ! numb] = #aiaa-aiab z #ac1fij3 9 in/itutions1 #aa1bdd2 9 day s*ools1 #a1ibh1 & 9 d5om9ational & private s*ools1 #eah4 ,! total numb] ( volumes 9 ! libr>ies ( ! in/itutions 0 report$ to be #acb1dfa4 ,= tables respect+ ! s*ools1 see ,app5dix ,b4 #efa ,normal dep>tm5ts = ! tra9+ ( he>+ tea*]s ( ! deaf are ma9ta9$ at ,gallaudet ,college & ! ,cl>ke ,s*ool1 ! latt] hav+ a special fund1 l>gely contribut$ by ! ,am]ican ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf4 ,sev]al ( ! in/itutions also h tra9+ classes1 & !re are normal dep>tm5ts 9 connection ) ! ,*icago & ,milwaukee day s*ools4 ,on ! subject ( p5sions = tea*]s ( ! deaf1 see ,annals1 xxix41 #ahhd1 p4 #cjd2 ,proce$+s ( ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors1 xviii41 #aijh1 p4 #adf2 ,report ( ,cali=nia ,s*ool1 #aiab1 p4 #ab4 #efb ,report1 #aiab1 ii41 *4 xiii4 #efc ,x is h>dly necess>y to /ate t physical education is provid$ = 9 ! s*ools = ! deaf q z fully z 9 ! regul> s*ools4 #efd ,! fir/ s*ool to give indu/rial tra9+ 0 ! ,am]ican ,s*ool at ,h>t=d1 ?is be+ begun 9 #ahbb4 ,see ,hi/ory1 #ahic1 p4 #ae2 ,report ( ,new ,hamp%ire ,bo>d ( ,*>ities1 #aijh1 p4 #ahd4 #efe ,on ?is indu/rial tra9+1 see ,craftsman1 xiii41 #aijh1 p4 #djj4 #eff ii41 *4 xiii4 #efg ,annals1 ,jan41 #aiad 7lix41 p4 #bc74 #efh ,ibid41 p4 #db4 #efi ,9 "s ( ! s*ools1 z we f9d f ! reports1 ! value ( ! products ( ! f>ms & g>d5s may am\nt to a tidy sum1 z may also be ! case ) ! trade s*ools4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,co/ ,,to ,,! ,,/ate ,,= ,,education ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,prop]ty ,,us$ ,,= ,,! ,,education ,,( ,,! ,,deaf ,! v>i\s provisions = ! education ( ! deaf h n[ be5 exam9$4 ,!re is to be consid]$ b "o "q fur!r4 ,?is is1 :at is ! co/ ( x all8 ,9 ! pres5t *apt] we are to see if we may n obta9 "s figures repres5t+ ?is co/ to ! /ate4 ,fir/ we %all f9d :at ! plants1 t is1 ! gr\nds & build+s 9 actual use1 are wor? 9 doll>s & c5ts4 ,tak+ ! ne>e/ available /ati/ics1 :i* are ^? = ! ye> #aiab-aiac1 we h ! plants ( ! in/itutions valu$ at #af1hef1cch1egj or1 9 r\nd numb]s1 ne>ly sev5te5 million doll>s4 ,9 all ! in/itutions !re 7 9 ?is ye> #aa1hid pupils1 & we may ?us calculate t !re is prop]ty wor? #a1dad = ea* pupil4 ,we d n "k ! full value ( ! prop]ty us$ 9 ! day s*ools & ! d5om9ational & private s*ools1#ega b ?is w\ld no d\bt increase by "s two million doll>s ! value ( ! prop]ty employ$ 9 ! in/ruction ( ! deaf4 ,h5ce we h some?+ l n9ete5 million doll>s z ! am\nt inve/$ 9 plants = ! education ( ! deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,= new build+s1 repairs1 & g5]al exp5ditures = la/+ improvem5ts1 s f> z is report$1 !re 0 exp5d$ on in/itutions #hdh1jfh = ! ye> #aiab-aiac1 :i* may repres5t ! ye>ly co/ ( ! upkeep ( ! in/itutions4#egb ,= ! o!r s*ools we h few figures1 b !y w\ld add to ?is sum some:at4 ,,co/ ,,( ,,! ,,ma9t5ance ,,( ,,! ,,s*ools ,= ! ma9t5ance ( ! in/itutions = ! ye> #aiab-aiac !re 0 exp5d$ #c1big1ddj4egc ,9 =ty-f\r1 or ab\t two-?irds1 ( ! day s*ools = ! ye> #aiaa-aiab !re 0 exp5d$ #ahb1gaj1 & on ! basis ( #abj z ! av]age co/ ( ! pupils 9 !m1 we h #bbe1gbj z ! full co/ ( ! support ( ! day s*ools4 ,= five ( ! private s*ools1 ! co/ p] pupil 0 #bbe1 & assum+ t ?is w hold = all1 we h #acc1eej z ! full co/ ( ! support ( su* s*ools1 a "p ( c\rse com+ f tuition fees4 ,!n our total exp5ditures am\nt to #c1fef1gaj1egd or to ov] ?ree & a half million doll>s1 :i* repres5ts ! annual co/ ( ! education ( ! deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#ege ,,=m ,,( ,,public ,,appropriations ,save = c]ta9 end[m5t funds 9 a few in/itutions1#egf & = limit$ donations 9 a small numb] ( s*ools1 all ! means = ! support ( ! s*ools = ! deaf1 o!r ?an ! private ones1 come f ! public treasury4 ,9 "s ( ! day s*ools !re are municipal subv5tions2 9 a few /ates ! ma9t5ance ( c]ta9 pupils is paid = by ! c\nties f :i* !y come2#egg & 9 ! case ( ! ,columbia ,in/itution at ,wa%+ton support is receiv$ f ! national gov]nm5t4#egh ,) ^! exceptions1 ! entire ma9t5ance ( ! s*ools is und]tak5 by ! legislatures ( ! respective /ates4#egi ,appropriations by ! legislatures are usually made 9 lump sums4#ehj ,9 ! case ( ! semi-public in/itutions ! all[ances are ^u a p] capita basis1 be+ f #bfj to #ceg1 b m (t5 ne> #cjj4 ,9 a few ( ! /ate s*ools appropriations are also bas$ ^u ! numb] ( pupils1 z 9 ,alabama ) #bcj a ye> = ea* pupil1 9 ,k5tucky ) #aej a ye>1 & 9 ,i[a ) #ce a qu>t]1 ! la/ two /ates hav+ additional annual grants4 ,9 ! /ates 9 :i* pupils are s5t to s*ools outside1 a sum ( f #bjj to #cjj is all[$ = ea* pupil ?us provid$ =4 ,9 a few cases funds are receiv$ f a special tax assessm5t levi$ = ! b5efit ( ! s*ool1 z 9 ,colorado ) a "o-fif? mill tax on ! assess$ prop]ty valuation ( ! /ate1#eha & 9 ,nor? ,dakota ) six p] c5t ( "o mill4 ,,co/ ,,to ,,! ,,/ate ,,= ,,ea* ,,pupil ,! av]age co/ = ! support ( ! pupils 9 ! in/itutions = ! ye> #aiab-aiac 0 #bgg4bc4ehb ,9 few ( ! s*ools does ! co/ g z l[ z #bjj1 :ile 9 a numb] x is betwe5 #cjj & #djj4 ,! co/ p] pupil 9 ! day s*ools av]ages1 :]e kn[n1 #abj4fj2ehc & 9 ! private s*ools1 :]e kn[n1 #bbe4cc4ehd ,= pupils 9 ! common s*ools ( ! c\ntry1 ! av]age co/ is #ca4fe4ehe ,?us x co/s ! /ate eight times z mu* to educate its deaf *ildr5 9 in/itutions z x does its he>+ *ildr5 9 ! regul> public s*ools1 & f\r times z mu* to educate !m 9 day s*ools4 ,! education ( ! deaf1 !n1 is n an inexp5sive und]tak+ on ! "p ( ! /ate4 ,because ( ! special arrangem5ts necess>y = its accompli%m5t1 x comes high1 comp>$ ) ! co/ ( education 9 g5]al4 ,b consid]$ m]ely z an inve/m5t1 ! outlay = ?is in/ruction be>s returns ( a "* surpass$ 9 few o!r fields ( ! /ate's endeavor4 ,,footnotes3 #egj ,! figures 9 ?is *apt] are = ! mo/ "p f ,annals = ,janu>y1 #aiad 7lix41 pp4 #bf1 #bg71 usually = ! late/ fiscal ye>1 ^! be+ supplem5t$ 9 a few cases f ! ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,education = #aiab 7ii41 *4 xiii474 ,9 ! in/itutions :]e !re are dep>tm5ts bo? = ! deaf & ! bl9d1 we h asc]ta9$ ! proportionate "p = ! deaf ( ! entire in/itution4 ,if no all[ance is made = ! bl9d 9 ^!1 ! wor? ( all is #ag1gea1ahf1 & ! am\nt ( prop]ty = ea* pupil #a1dib4 ,= #aiaa-aiab ! value ( all 0 #af1ded1gih1 or accord+ to ! ,report ( ! ,commission] ( ,education1 #af1chg1gbf4 ,9 ?is ,report ! value ( sci5tific app>atus1 furniture1 etc41 is /at$ to be #iah1jec4 #ega ,9 mo/ cases1 z we h se51 ! day s*ools are h\s$ 9 public s*ool build+s1 special e/abli%m5ts be+ provid$ only 9 a few l>ge cities4 ,9 ! ,report ( ! ,commission] ( ,education1 ! prop]ty value ( f\r day s*ools1 two be+ l>ge ones1 is put at #bej1jee1 or #ebe = ea* pupil2 & if ?is be accept$ z a measure1 ! prop]ty value ( all ! day s*ools is #a1jai1eej4 ,! prop]ty value ( sev5 d5om9ational & private s*ools is likewise giv5 z #cbd1gag1 or #a1ceh = ea* pupil2 & if ?is is tak5 z a measure1 ! prop]ty value ( all is #hfe1djd4 #egb ,9 #aiaj-aiaa ?is 0 #ejc1cbc1 & 9 #aiaa-aiab1 #ggb1bde4 ,if all[ance be made = ! dual s*ools1 x is ab\t t5 p] c5t less4 ,9 ! ,report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,education x is plac$ at #efh1acf = #aiaa-aiab4 #egc ,) no all[ance = ! dual s*ools1 ?is is #c1dbc1abf4 ,9 ! ,report ( ! ,commission] ( ,education x is #c1bhe1jii1 = all b six in/itutions4 #egd ,at ! ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,corrections 9 #aijf ?is 0 e/imat$ to be #c1bjj1jjj4 ,proce$+s1 p4 #bdi4 #ege ,= tables z to ! co/ ( ! support ( ! s*ools1 see ,app5dix ,b4 #egf ,^! end[m5t funds are f\nd = ! mo/ "p only 9 c]ta9 ( ! semi-public in/itutions1 & 9 a few /ate s*ools :i* h receiv$ l& f ! f$]al gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! ,report ( ! ,commission] ( ,education ! am\nt ( productive funds 9 ?irte5 /ates = #aiaa-aiab is giv5 z #c1cgb1efe1 z foll[s3 ,ma9e1 #b1jjj2 ,massa*usetts1 #aic1fgd 79 #aiaj-aiaa1 #cfi1gbc72 ,connecticut1 #djc1jjj2 ,new ,york1 #a1jjb1fcc2 ,p5nsylvania1 #cgc1geh2 ,m>yl&1 #d1ejj2 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 #aa1jjj2 ,k5tucky1 #i1jjj2 ,nor? ,dakota1 #fjj1jjj2 ,s\? ,dakota1 #djj1jjj2 ,montana1 #afj1jjj2 ,utah1 #afj1jjj2 ,cali=nia1 #ec1jjj4 ,?us practically two-fif?s belongs 9 ! /ates ( ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania1 ne>ly "o-?ird be+ 9 ,new ,york alone2 :ile a little "u two-fif?s belongs 9 ,nor? ,dakota1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,montana & ,utah4 #egg ,?is is especially true ( ,new ,york1 :]e ! c\nties pay ! entire am\nt up to ! age ( twelve1 & aft] t ! /ate4 #egh ,9 ?is connection x may be not$ t ,congress has be5 ask$ to grant #ajj1jjj to enc\rage ! e/abli%m5t ( homes 9 ! /ates & t]ritories = tea*+ articulate spee* & vocal language to deaf *ildr5 be=e !y are ( s*ool age4 ,tea*]s are to be tra9$ = ?is purpose1 & pupils are to ent] at two ye>s ( age & rema9 till ! regul> s*ool age4 ,see ,report ( ,p5nsylvania ,home = ,tra9+ 9 ,spee* ( ,deaf ,*ildr51 #aijd1 p4 #e2 ,proce$+s ( ,conf]5ce ( ,national ,association = ! ,/udy & ,education ( ,exceptional ,*ildr51 #aiaa1 p4 #fd4 #egi ,*>ges = clo?+ & transportation ( indig5t pupils are z a usual ?+ paid = by ! c\nty1 ?\gh ?is is assum$ by "s /ates4 ,(t5 a giv5 sum1 z ?irty doll>s1 is all[$ = clo?+1 or ! actual co/ !re( is collect$ f ! c\nty4 ,?is is done ?r\gh ! prop] adm9i/rative (fices ( ! c\nty1 !re be+ also "s judicial proc$ure1 z :]e ! c\nty judge or simil> (ficial c]tifies by pro(4 ,! s*ool is !n reimburs$ = ! exp5ditures x may h made4 ,"s su* proc$ure is q g5]al1 especially 9 ! ,s\? & ,we/1 ?\gh 9 a few /ates1 z ,v]mont & ,new ,j]sey1 ! t[n or t[n%ip1 :]e ?is is ! political division1 plays a simil> "p4 ,9 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,massa*usetts1 ,ma9e1 ,l\isiana1 ,cali=nia1 ,nevada1 & possibly o!r /ates1 ^! *>ges are paid by ! /ate4 ,9 ,m>yl& !y may be paid by ! c\nty1 city or /ate4 #ehj ,x happ5s sometimes t legislatures are incl9$ to r$uce ! appropriations to z l[ a sum z possible1 & sup]9t5d5ts may receive comm5dation = ef=ts to cut d[n exp5ditures4 ,!re is dang]1 h[ev]1 t su* a policy may be c>ri$ to a po9t :]e effici5cy is sacrific$ to seem+ economy4 ,on ! "q ( co/1 see ,report ( ,mississippi ,s*ool1 #aiji1 p4 #aa2 ,i[a ,bullet9 ( ,/ate ,in/itutions1 ,june1 #aijg1 ix41 #c2 ,ohio ,bullet9 ( ,*>ities & ,corrections1 ,nov41 #aijg1 xiii41 #d4 #eha ,on ! value ( ?is tax1 see ,report ( ,colorado ,s*ool1 #ahif1 p4 #bb4 #ehb ,9 #aijg-aijh ?is 0 #beg4jb2 9 #aiji-aiaj1 #bec4ib2 9 #aiaj-aiaa1 #bei4fc2 & 9 #aiaa-aiab1 #bfb4ga4 ,)\t all[ance = ! bl9d 9 ! dual s*ools1 ! am\nt 9 #aiab-aiac is #bhi4fj4 ,accord+ to ! ,report ( ! ,commission] ( ,education1 ! av]age co/ is #cjc4eh4 ,x may be not$ 9 ?is connection t ! p] capita co/ = ! bl9d 9 s*ools is m ?an t = ! deaf1 be+ #cei4 #ehc ,9 #aiaj-aiaa ?is 0 #acj4bh4 #ehd ,9 #aiaj-aiaa ?is 0 #bfd4jf4 #ehe ,report ( ,commission] ( ,education = #aiji-aiaj4 ,! figures = subsequ5t ye>s h ref]5ce r to av]age att5dance4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,public ,,donations ,,( ,,l& ,,to ,,s*ools ,,grants ,,by ,,! ,,national ,,gov]nm5t ,to ! s*ools 9 "s ( ! /ates l& has be5 donat$1 ei!r z an inve/m5t1 ! proce$s ( :i* %\ld be us$ = _! b5efit1 or z sites = ! erection ( build+s4 ,?is has be5 done by ! national gov]nm5t1 by ! /ates1 by cities & by individuals & corporations4 ,! mo/ important ( su* gifts h be5 ! grants ( ! public doma9 made by ,congress = ! b5efit ( c]ta9 ( ! /ate in/itutions4 ,%ortly aft] ! "w ( ! education ( ! deaf _h comm5c$ 9 ! c\ntry1 x be/[$ #bc1jjj acres ^u ! ,h>t=d s*ool & a t[n%ip ( l& ^u ! ,k5tucky4#ehf ,aft] ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury x came aga9 mat]ially to ! aid ( ?is education1 ?is "t by direct+ t c]ta9 tracts ( ! public l&s locat$ 9 /ates ab\t to be admitt$ to ! ,union %\ld be set ap>t = ! b5efit ( ! s*ools4 ,?us 9 ! enabl+ act ( #ahhiehg = ! admission ( ! /ates ( ,nor? ,dakota1 ,s\? ,dakota & ,montana1 l& 0 set aside = ! b5efit ( ! s*ools = ! deaf & ! bl9d1 :i* are m5tion$ by "n4 ,9 ,nor? ,dakota & ,s\? ,dakota ! numb] ( acres all[$ to ea* 0 #dj1jjj1 & 9 ,montana #ej1jjj4ehh ,likewise :5 ,wyom+ 0 admitt$ 9 #ahij1ehi #cj1jjj acres 7 grant$ = an in/itution = ! deaf & ! bl9d1 ?\gh ! s*ool has n yet be5 e/abli%$4 ,:5 ,utah 0 admitt$ 9 #ahif1eij #ajj1jjj acres 7 grant$ to ! s*ool = ! deaf4 ,on ! admission ( ,arizona & ,new ,mexico 9 #aiaj1eia l am\nts 7 respectively grant$ = in/itutions = ! deaf & ! bl9d1 #ej1jjj acres hav+ already be5 set aside 9 ! latt] :ile a t]ritory4#eib ,,grants ,,by ,,! ,,/ates ,grants by ! /ates !mselves = ! s*ools on a l>ge scale h n be5 num]\s4 ,! /ate ( ,texas has set ap>t l>ge tracts ( public l& = its in/itutions1 ! s*ool = ! deaf com+ 9 = #ajj1jjj acres z its %>e4 ,! s*ool 9 ,mi*igan has receiv$ a numb] ( sections ( ! /ate salt spr+ l&s1 am\nt+ to #af1jjj acres4#eic ,,grants ,,by ,,cities ,,or ,,citiz5s ,small tracts ( l& h be5 donat$ 9 "s cases by cities :]e ! s*ools 7 to be e/abli%$1 sometimes accompani$ by a ca% donation z a fur!r inducem5t = a p>ticul> location4 ,simil> gifts h be5 made by individuals & corporations4 ,^! donations h occurr$ 9 ab\t half ( ! /ates1 b !y h usually be5 small 9 size1 mo/ be+ ( five or t5 acres4#eid ,,footnotes3 #ehf ,we h also se5 h[ applications 7 made to ,congress = ! end[m5t ( o!r s*ools4 #ehg ,/at4 at ,l>ge1 #ahhi1 *4 #ahj4 ,wa%+ton 0 also admitt$ by ?is act1 & !re 0 a grant ( #bjj1jjj acres = *>itable1 p5al & re=matory in/itutions4 ,! s*ools = ! deaf & ! bl9d1 :i* 7 n m5tion$ by "n1 seem n to h %>$ 9 ?is grant4 #ehh ,simil> am\nts 7 all[$ to ! re=m s*ools1 ! agricultural colleges & ! univ]sities4 #ehi ,/at4 at ,l>ge1 *4 #ffd4 ,:5 ,idaho 0 admitt$ ! same ye> 7ibid41 *4 #fef7 #aej1jjj acres 7 grant$ to *>itable1 educational1 p5al & re=matory in/itutions1 ! s*ool = ! deaf n be+ directly m5tion$4 #eij ,ibid41 #ahid1 *4 #ach4 ,simil> am\nts 7 all[$ = ! s*ool = ! bl9d & o!r in/itutions4 ,z ! s*ool 9 ,utah is = bo? ! deaf & ! bl9d1 x really has #bjj1jjj acres4 #eia ,ibid41 #aiaj1 *4 #caj4 ,9 ! act admitt+ ,oklahoma1 ?\gh ! s*ool = ! deaf is n m5tion$ among ! in/itutions ^u :i* l& is be/[$1 x has %>$ 9 ! grant1 hav+ l& report$ to be wor? at lea/ #cej1jjj4 ,annals1 lvi41 #aiaa1 p4 #bjf4 #eib ,9 g5]al ) respect to ! l& grant$ by ,congress1 x is provid$ t su* l& is n to be sold at less ?an #aj an acre4 #eic ,! /ate ( ,massa*usetts grant$ a small p>cel ( l& to ! ,horace ,mann s*ool 9 ,bo/on4 ,to ! s*ool 9 ,miss\ri #dj acres 7 grant$ by ! /ate1 & to t 9 ,arkansas two tracts ( l&1 "o be+ ( #ajj acres4 #eid ,?us l& ( p]haps five acres or less has be5 donat$ to ! s*ools 9 ,cali=nia1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,ill9ois1 ,new ,york 7,new ,york ,in/itution1 ,le ,c\teulx ,/4 ,m>y's1 & ,c5tral ,new ,york7 ,oregon1 ,p5nsylvania 7,oral & ,p5nsylvania ,home71 ,t5nessee1 ,virg9ia1 & d\btless to o!r s*ools4 ,l>g] tracts1 ( t5 acres or m1 h be5 giv5 9 ,colorado1 ,florida1 ,idaho1 ,mi*igan 7/ate s*ool & ,evangelical ,lu!ran ,in/itute71 ,nebraska1 ,p5nsylvania 7,we/]n71 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,wiscons91 & p]haps else:]e4 ,to ! ,kansas s*ool #agj acres 7 pres5t$1 to ! ,m9nesota #fe1 to ! ,wa%+ton #ajj1 to ! ,oklahoma #fj1 to ! s*ool = ! color$ 9 ,oklahoma #ajj1 & to ! s*ool = ! deaf1 toge!r ) t = ! bl9d1 9 ,ohio #ahj4 ,to ! ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction ! city ( ,new ,york grant$ ! l& = n9ety-n9e ye>s at an annual r5tal ( "o doll>4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,private ,,b5efactions ,,to ,,s*ools ,,donations ,,( ,,money ,,to ,,s*ools ,9 our f9al *apt] on ! provision = ! s*ools = ! deaf we are to consid] h[ f> !y h be5 assi/$ by private munific5ce4 ,we h already se5 t c]ta9 ( ! s*ools 9 ! ,ea/--^? we h call$ semi-public in/itutions--7 />t$ by private societies & 7 support$ entirely by private funds till ! /ate came to _! aid1 ?\gh 9 no in/ance 0 ?is dep5d5ce on private means ( long duration4 ,we h also se5 t 9 a numb] ( /ates private s*ools 7 fir/ />t$1 9 a brief "t to be tak5 ov] by ! /ate1 & ?us receiv$ a modicum ( private aid4 ,9 addition1 !re h be5 f "t to "t donations f private s\rces to "o s*ool or ano!r4 ,z to ! entire am\nt ( ^! private donations to ! s*ools1 x is ( c\rse impossible to say4 ,! full receipts ( ! v>i\s s*ools _c be kn[n1 & our reckon+s mu/ necess>ily be incomplete4#eie ,h[ev]1 ! data :i* we h are q suffici5t to enable u to disc]n 9 :at measure s*ools = ! deaf h be5 assi/$ by means o!r ?an public1 & 9 :at proportion ! di/ribution has tak5 place2 & our calculations1 bas$ on ! be/ in=mation to be obta9$1 may n be altoge!r )\t value4#eif ,we f9d1 !n1 t to a consid]able numb] ( ! s*ools1 app>5tly ! majority1 !re h be5 gifts l>ge or small f private s\rces4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! cases1 h[ev]1 ! gifts h be5 slight1 & h almo/ always come :5 ! s*ools 7 be+ />t$1 usually ceas+ soon aft] _! e/abli%m5t or _! tak+ ov] by ! /ate4 ,ne>ly all ! donations ( any importance h be5 to s*ools 9 ! ,ea/1 ! great] "p also com+ 9 _! e>ly days & :5 /ill 9 private h&s4 ,at pres5t 9 ! great numb] ( ! s*ools su* gifts are n be/[$4 ,9 p]haps a doz5 s*ools--practically all 9 ! ,ea/--!y are /ill receiv$ 9 great] or less] degree2 & come 9 ?ree =ms3 #a4 z memb]%ip fees 9 "s half doz5 s*ools2 #b4 z c]ta9 annual donations1 v>y+ 9 am\nt1 9 ab\t ! same numb]2 & #c4 z an occasional legacy or simil> gift to "s s*ool or o!r4#eig ,9 respect to ! funds already receiv$1 we f9d t ! great prepond]ance h fall5 9 f\r /ates1 namely1 ,connecticut1 ,massa*usetts1 ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania4 ,9 five o!rs !re h be5 gifts ( :at may be call$ measurable size3 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,cali=nia1 ,colorado1 ,ill9ois1 & ,v]mont4 ,9 ! rema9+ /ates private b5efactions h be5 few3 :]e !y h occurr$ !y h be5 small & infrequ5t4 ,9 a score ( s*ools or m !re seem to h be5 gifts ( a few ?\s& doll>s--h>dly ov] t5 or fifte5 ?\s&1 & 9 mo/ mu* less4#eih ,9 "s sixte51 donations appe> to h be5 receiv$ ( m appreciable size--tw5ty-five ?\s& doll>s & upw>ds4 ,9 ab\t half ( ^! ! gifts seem to h be5 f tw5ty-five ?\s& to fifty ?\s&1 9 "o or two cases possibly m3 ! ,cali=nia1 ,colorado1 ,columbia1 ,new ,engl& 7,massa*usetts71 ,s>ah ,full] 7,massa*usetts71 ,p5nsylvania ,home1 & ,au/9e 7,v]mont74#eii ,to six s*ools donations seem to h rea*$ a sum betwe5 sev5ty-five or "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s & twice t am\nt4 ,f\r ( ^! are 9 ,new ,york3 ! ,new ,york ,in/itution1 ! ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction1 ,/4 ,joseph's & ,le ,c\teulx ,/4 ,m>y's2 "o 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ! ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania2 & "o 9 ,ill9ois1 ! ,ephpheta4 ,9 ?ree s*ools ! qu>t] million m>k has be5 pass$3 ! ,am]ican 9 ,connecticut1 & ! ,cl>ke 9 ,massa*usetts1 bo? ) receipts well beyond ?is figure2 & ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 :i* has probably be5 ! l>ge/ recipi5t ( all4 ,total private gifts to s*ools = ! deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld probably foot up to little "u two & a qu>t] million doll>s1 & p]haps to two & a half millions1 ?\gh ^! figures _c be fully sub/antiat$4 ,,gifts ,,= ,,pupils ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ools ,!re h be5 gifts = ! pupils 9 ! s*ools z well z = ! s*ools !mselves4 ,^! h be5 ( v>i\s k9ds3 clo?+1 books1 pictures1 magaz9es1 newspap]s1 ,*ri/mas pres5ts1 prizes1 etc41 z well z money gifts 9 a few cases4 ,9 _m in/ances r$uc$ transportation has be5 all[$ on railroads1 & !re h be5 a numb] ( b5efactions ( l "*4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ! funds left to c]ta9 ( ! s*ools 9 tru/ = deaf-bl9d pupils4#fjj ,,pres5t ,,t5d5cies ,,( ,,private ,,b5efactions ,private b5efaction1 z we see1 has n play$ any great "p 9 provid+ ! means ( education = ! deaf 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 a few s*ools private gifts h be5 ( appreciable aid 9 ! "w1 b on ! :ole !y h n be5 ( consid]able mom5t1 & 9 ! great majority ( s*ools !y h be5 practically negligible4 ,to judge f pa/ exp]i5ce1 x w\ld n seem likely t 9 ! future _m ( ! s*ools w to any great ext5t be b5efici>ies f private means1 or t !y w ?us be enabl$ to ext5d _! plants or to make innovations z yet unattempt$1 ?\gh ( c\rse su* a ?+ is possible4 ,?is condition1 h[ev]1 is n to be entirely deplor$4 ,_m ( ! s*ools1 x is true1 c\ld receive l>ge money b5efactions to mo/ desirable ends1 & 9 _m cases ! "w ( ! s*ools = ! be/ results is hamp]$ = lack ( suffici5t funds4 ,yet ! s*ools may feel t !y are 9 reality b ag5cies ( ! /ate 9 c>ry+ out "o ( its great functions1 & z su* %\ld h no ne$ to call ^u or dep5d ^u means o!r ?an ! /ate's4 ,:e!r or n 9 ! c\rse ( "t !re may be an increas$ inc5tive = private gifts1 x w\ld seem t ! s*ools %\ld be entitl$ to look ) full confid5ce to ! att5tion & c>e ( ! /ate1 s9ce x is b contribut+ to ! education ( its citiz5s4 ,,footnotes3 #eie ,9 ! case ( "s ( ! s*ools1 figures ( a f9ancial nature are n to be _h1 & 9 _m little record has be5 kept1 especially :5 gifts h be5 small4 #eif ,9 our discussion1 few e/imates h be5 made1 & ^! h be5 cons]vative4 ,x %\ld be /at$ t only a "p ( ! figures giv5 are (ficial1 & = ! re/ ! writ] alone is responsible4 ,no ref]5ce is made to s*ools t are n n[ 9 exi/5ce1 nor is any money value set on ! l& :i* has be5 donat$ to "s ( ! s*ools4 #eig ,n[ & !n a gift has be5 9 ! =m ( a s*ol>%ip1 usually ( #e1jjj4 ,"s ( ! s*ools aid$ by fees are ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 ,p5nsylvania ,oral1 ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction1 & ,le ,c\teulx ,/4 ,m>y's 7,new ,york74 ,"s t receive annual donations v>y+ 9 am\nt are ! ,new ,engl& 7,massa*usetts71 ,s>ah ,full] 7,massa*usetts71 ,p5nsylvania ,home1 ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction1 ,/4 ,joseph's 7,new ,york71 & ,le ,c\teulx ,/4 ,m>y's 7,new ,york74 ,x %\ld be rem>k$ t ! ?ree la/ nam$ in/itutions are affiliat$ to an ext5t ) c]ta9 religi\s bodies1 receiv+ assi/ance f ?is s\rce also4 ,! small] d5om9ational s*ools receive simil> aid irregul>ly4 #eih ,"s ( ! s*ools t seem to h receiv$ gifts ( f five to fifte5 ?\s& doll>s1 or !reab\ts1 are ! ,k5tucky1 ,m>yl&1 ,ohio1 ,c5tral ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania ,oral1 ,t5nessee1 & ! day s*ools ( ,milwaukee4 ,"s ( ^? t h receiv$ gifts some:at small] are ! ,alabama1 ,ill9ois1 ,mi*igan1 ,mississippi1 ,horace ,mann 7,massa*usetts71 ,we/]n ,new ,york1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,virg9ia1 & ! day s*ools ( ,*icago4 ,m trivial or m unc]ta9 am\nts h be5 receiv$ 9 ,arkansas1 ,florida1 ,georgia1 ,ma9e1 ,new ,mexico1 ,albany 7,new ,york71 ,oregon1 ,s\? ,dakota1 ,utah1 & ! day s*ools ( a few cities4 #eii ,gifts to semi-public in/itutions z ! ,my/ic1 ,connecticut1 & ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 h also probably be5 made1 ?\gh we d n "k ( :at size2 & also to "s ( ! d5om9ational & private s*ools4 ,! ,mc,cowen ,homes ( ,ill9ois h receiv$ "s gifts1 especially at _! beg9n+4 #fjj ,! ,am]ican ,s*ool at ,h>t=d has a fund ( #b1jjj to be us$ = ! publication ( books = ! deaf4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,conclusions ,,) ,,respect ,,to ,,! ,,"w ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,am]ica ,we h n[ exam9$ ! position ( ! deaf 9 society 9 ,am]ica & ! c\rse & ! ext5t ( ! treatm5t accord$ !m4 ,x only rema9s = u to inquire if ?is treatm5t is well-consid]$1 & h[ f> x is comm5surate ) ! real1 actual ne$s ( ! deaf1 & at ! same "t consonant ) ! l>g] int]e/s ( society4 ,! "q ( p>am\nt conc]n to society is 9 respect to ! possibilities ( ! prev5tion ( deafness4 ,z yet x w\ld seem t only a m9or degree ( att5tion _h be5 direct$ to ?is consid]ation1 ?\gh x is likely t 9 ! future mu* m s]i\s /udy & ?\ght w be giv5 to x4 ,! problem is = ! great] "p 9 ! h&s ( m$ical sci5ce1 & = mu* ( x we %all probably h to wait = solution 9 ! laboratory2 :ile no small aid c be r5d]$ by g5]al measures = ! protection ( heal?4 ,already !re c be little d\bt t !re is less deafness f c]ta9 diseases ?an 9 ! pa/1 ?\gh ! /ati/ics t we h on ! "q are n z def9ite z c\ld be wi%$4 ,! matt] is really a "p ( ! long battle aga9/ disease1 & z human skill takes "o position aft] ano!r1 x may be t _m ( ^? diseases br++ deafness w be =c$ to yield1 & t su* deafness w ?us cease 9 great "p to be an affliction ^u human fle%4 ,eug5ics also w be look$ to = help1 & x may 9 "t br+ to light mu* t is n[ hidd5 f our k54 ,z yet our k ( ! causes ( deafness f bir? is v imp]fect4 ,a small "p may be ascrib$ to consangu9e\s m>riages1 & a l>g] "p to ! m>riages ( ^? ^: families are affect$ ) deafness1 ^! p]haps n be+ :olly di/9ct1 & toge!r compris+ a little ov] half ( cong5ital deafness4 ,m>riages ( relatives1 ev5 ?\gh n ( frequ5t occurr5ce s f> z deafness is affect$1 h a relation to x :i* is n to be ignor$4 ,int]m>riages ( ! deaf !mselves are n f\nd = ! mo/ "p to result 9 deaf (fspr+2 :ile ! likelihood ( su* is n always great] :5 bo? p>5ts are deaf ?an :5 "o is deaf & ! o!r he>+4 ,! "o di/9ct fact ( :i* we seem altoge!r c]ta9 9 ?is matt] is t :5 !re is 9 ! p>5t cong5ital deafness1 or especially :5 !re are deaf relatives conc]n$1 ! *ances are va/ly increas$ ( deaf (fspr+4 ,^! are ! dang] signals1 & n to be pass$ )\t he$4 ,z to t =m ( deafness occurr+ :5 consangu9ity & antec$5t deafness are n involv$1 we are 9 great] ignorance4 ,= mo/ ( x1 h[ev]1 we may believe t !re is inh]it$ "s /ra9 or influ5ce pr$ispos+ to deafness2 & t 9 ! discov]y & application ( eug5ic pr9ciples a great] or less portion w be elim9at$4 ,?\gh1 s f> z is disc]nible f ! imm$iate prospect1 we _c look to an e>ly disappe>ance ( deafness f ! race1 !re are indications at pres5t t deafness is t5d+ to become less4 ,! probabilities are t ! future w be able to report advance1 & s f> z ! ultimate results are conc]n$1 we h no reason to be o!r ?an hopeful4 ,9 respect to :at has be5 accompli%$ = ! deaf s9ce ,am]ica has become conc]n$ 9 !m1 we h a record t may well be a di/9ct cause ( pride4 ,! "w = ! deaf 9 ,am]ica is h>dly a hundr$ ye>s old4 ,yet 9 t "t !re has transpir$ :at1 )\t viol5ce be+ done to language1 c be call$ a revolution4 ,a c5tury ago ! deaf 7 practically outside ! pale ( human ?\ght & activities4 ,!y 7 9 a measure believ$ to be )\t reason1 & 7 little less ?an outca/s 9 society4 ,to-day !y h become active compon5ts ( ! /ate1 possess$ ( education1 on a level ) _! fell[-m5 ne>ly ev]y:]e 9 ! scale ( human employm5t1 capable ( all ! responsibilities ( life1 & /&+ 9 ! full /ature ( citiz5%ip4 ,p]haps ! fir/ work]s = ! deaf _h n plac$ _! fai? too high aft] all1 :5 !y decl>$ t ! deaf & dumb 7 to be re/or$ to ! ranks ( _! species4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 ! visions ( ^! m5 h come true4 ,p]haps ?is t we call education has _h some?+ ( ! p[] !y 7 try+ to articulate4 ,= x has come ab\t t a "p ( society kn[n z ! deaf & dumb has be5 br\ght to a place ( honor & wor? & usefulness 9 ! community 9 :i* !y live4 ,h[ev] mu* ( :at 0 claim$ has be5 a*iev$1 x is c]ta9 t a great "p has be5 realiz$4 ,x has be5 by a sl[1 sil5t process1 keep+ "t ) ! ye>s1 b none ! less wond]ful ?+s h be5 wr\ght2 & ?r\gh x all ! advance ( ! deaf has be5 con/ant & onw>d4 ,x might be said ) all tru? t ?is :ole progress has be5 simply ! m>* ( ev5ts4 ,education has ev] be5 ! ma/] passion ( ,am]icans1 & 9 its wide sweep ! deaf too h be5 ga!r$ 91 & h be5 borne to ! place :]e all ! /ate _h to (f] z in/ruction 0 laid be=e !m4 ,yet x rema9s t by & ?r\gh all ?is ! deaf h be5 ! ga9]s z no o!r p 9 ! _w h ev] be51 & _! /ory is z no o!r's 9 ! rise ( a section ( mank9d t[>ds ! ri*ness & fullness ( liv+ :i* are ! fruits ( humaniz$ society4 ,great inde$ c be ! rejoic+ ( ! deaf1 = !y are ^? to :om ! way has be5 h>d & long1 b :o h come f ! d>kness into ! light4 ,yet ! victory ( ! deaf is n complete4 ,!y h n rea*$ ! full position among m5 to :i* !y are entitl$4 ,s long z p look ^u !m z an unnatural portion ( ! race1 view !m ) suspicion or hold !m z ( peculi> temp]am5t & habits1 or o!rwise consid] !m di/9ct f ! re/ ( _! k9d1 & by voice or 9 _! own consci\sness make use ( t]ms or associations t give fix$ness to su* a classification or diff]5tiation3 j s long w ! deaf be /rang]s 9 ! l& 9 :i* !y dwell2 & j s f> w !y be remov$ f ! place 9 society :i* %\ld be !irs1 & :i* is accord$ to all ! re/ ( _! fell[-m54 ,) reg>d to _! economic position 9 ! _w1 ! deaf h1 on ! :ole1 f>$ well4 ,_! own a*ievem5ts h ?r[n out ( c\rt ! *>ge t !y are a burd5 ^u society4 ,x has be5 prov$ by !mselves t !y are n a dep5d5t class1 or a class t %\ld exi/ to any degree on ! b\nty ( ! /ate4 ,!y are wage-e>n]s to an ext5t t comp>es well ) ! re/ ( ! population1 &1 economically1 !y =m g5]ally a self-su/a9+ "p ( society4 ,= a c]ta9 numb] :o are ag$ & infirm & are o!rwise unc>$ =1 special homes are to be desir$--& ) su* ! ne$ is peculi>ly /rong4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 d n comprise a l>ge "p ( ! deaf2 & ) _! exception !re is practically no portion1 at lea/ ( ^? ) an education1 t dem&s p>ticul> economic att5tion4 ,! community = ! mo/ "p has be5 q ready & will+ to recognize ! /atus ( ! deaf 9 ?is respect4 ,"h ! deaf are accept$ on equal t]ms ) ! p collectively1 & are 9 fact lo/ 9 ! mass ( ! _w's work]s4 ,! /ate has p]haps display$ m reluctance to admit ! deaf to ! /&+ ( its o!r citiz5s1 l>gely no d\bt due to ! fact t 9 ! sph]e ( law action is usually sl[-mov+1 & responds less readily to newly recogniz$ conditions4 ,?\gh on ! /atute books !re are f\nd few examples ( legislation direct$ to ! deaf z if !y 7 peculi>ly 9 ne$ ( ! /ate's att5tion1 & ?\gh su* are h>dly m ?an rem9d]s ( ! pa/ legal attitude1 !y are mo/ly an ana*ronism to-day1 & %\ld 9 great "p be remov$4 ,! c\rts h q g5]ally adopt$ ! true view 9 reg>d to ! deaf1 & h>dly any:]e n[ diff]5tiate !m4 ,!re is always "o p>ticul> k9d ( provision :i* may be made = ! deaf at law1 & ?is is 9 ! employm5t ( int]pret]s on prop] occasion4 ,b ev5 "h ! matt] may be left to ! ord9>y rules ( ! c\rt1 z well z to ! good s5se & ju/ice ( ! law-mak]s & ! law-disp5s]s4 ,9 mo/ ?+s1 special att5tion ( ! law 9 relation to ! deaf is n (t5 requir$1 & !y %\ld1 9 ne>ly all respects1 be left 9 its eyes exactly z ! re/ ( _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,:5 p>ticul> legislation is call$ = 9 respect to !m1 x is ne$$ r to meet "s peculi> or unusual situation1 :i* w\ld probably arise mo/ frequ5tly 9 connection ) "s special abuse ( ! deaf1 ?\gh su* is really seldom likely to occur4 ,provision = "y deaf *ildr5 :o are o!rwise )\t protection may well be includ$ 9 *ildr5's codes1 or 9 o!r /atutes ( simil> k9d4 ,useful legislation is also feasible 9 connection ) dep>tm5ts = ! deaf 9 /ate bureaus ( labor1 ! proc$ure possible be+ already indicat$2 & x may be t a consid]able field w be reveal$1 n only 9 assi/+ ! deaf 9 secur+ employm5t b also 9 secur+ in=mation z to _! condition4 ,opportunity is op5 to ! national gov]nm5t likewise 9 ?is reg>d1 & valuable /ati/ics & o!r in=mation may be collect$ = ! c\ntry g5]ally4 ,9 "o fur!r direction ! law c be invok$ v mat]ially 9 aid ( ! deaf1 & j :]e v little has be5 attempt$4 ,9 e /ate !re %\ld be enactm5ts1 back$ up by vigor\s public op9ion & ! co-op]ation ( all citiz5s1 provid+ sev]e puni%m5t = ^? :o g ab\t begg+ alms on ! pret5se t !y are deaf & dumb4 ,= su* creatures ! law %\ld h no m]cy4 ,! deaf !mselves dem& t su* impo/ors be put out ( bus9ess1 = a real & cruel injury is done to !m4 ,!y ask ?is z a great boon1 b x %\ld be accord$ !m absolutely z a "r4 ,! deaf d n want alms or pity4 ,b 9 unnumb]$ ways c !y receive good at ! h&s ( _! fell[-m54 ,!y ne$ fri5ds z d all o!rs1 & p[] is nev] lo/ to ! "r h& ( fell[%ip4 ,to be desir$ above all else is ! ga9+ ( ! "r attitude on ! "p ( ! community4 ,z "o great ne$1 !re %\ld be f> m att5tion to ! social & spiritual conc]ns ( ! deaf1 ev5 ?\gh !y are (t5 f\nd scatt]$ & f> ap>t4 ,!re is mu* t c be done 9 _m communities ( a social nature = ! deaf1 & 9 manifold =ms c life be made m abundant = !m4 ,mo/ important ( all1 !re %\ld be no long] 9 any place a neglect ( ! m9i/rations = ! cure ( s\ls1 & x %\ld be se5 t all ( ! deaf are made to "k ! religion ( ! ,man ( ,galilee1 ) its untold bless+s & consolations4 ,9 our pres5t review ( ! "w = ! deaf 9 ,am]ica1 mo/ ( our att5tion has be5 direct$ to ! provisions = _! education4 ,x may be said t to-day ?is "w is z a rule ( a high ord]1 & t 9 _m respects1 consid]+ ! problems involv$1 x c comp>e well ) ! "w ( education 9 g5]al4 ,!re is /ill m or less conflict z to me?ods1 b ?is does n seem vital to ! success ( ! s*ools1 & _! "* has 9 g5]al advanc$4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( in/ruction 9 "s ( ! /ates we read ( ! /ruggles ( ! e>ly s*ools1 b eag] h&s came to pu% on ! new "w4 ,?is "w 0 tak5 up ) an en?usiasm & e>ne/ness sc>cely p>allel$ else:]e 9 ! hi/ory ( education1 or 9 any o!r ( ! great movem5ts = ! bett]m5t ( human k9d4 ,/rong & brave s\ls mann$ ! new ent]prise1 & ^! e>ly work]s are well wor?y ( honor at our h&s4 ,(t5times1 at ! fir/1 private societies came =w>d z volunte]s 9 ! task ( education1 b ! /ates e>ly recogniz$ _! duty1 & usually e/abli%$ s*ools z soon z !y 7 deem$ practicable1 ei!r tak+ ov] ! exi/+ private s*ool or creat+ "o ( _! own4 ,aft] a "t1 z ano!r /age 9 _! developm5t1 ! s*ools 7 made free by express provision1 or h become s to all practical purpose4 ,9 "t also all re/rictions or limitations z to ! admission ( pupils h be5 9 g5]al swept away1 & rules & regulations h come m & m to con=m ) ^? 9 ! regul> s*ools4 ,n[ education is (f]$ to e deaf *ild1 & to ! poor & de/itute ! /ate provides all collat]al necess>ies z well1 s t in/ruction may be d5i$ to none4 ,at pres5t mu* ! l>g] "p ( ! deaf are educat$ 9 in/itutions4 ,b alongside ?is plan !re has gr[n1 especially ( late ye>s1 a day s*ool sy/em ) ! pupils liv+ 9 _! own homes1 & ! result is t 9 a numb] ( /ates su* s*ools h n[ be5 e/abli%$4 ,_! ma9 field is recogniz$ to be 9 l>ge cities1 & x is "h t !y are able to be ( ! greate/ usefulness4 ,x is /ill a moot$ po9t1 h[ev]1 h[ f> !y h pass$ ! exp]im5tal /age1 & x probably rema9s to be det]m9$ to :at ext5t !y really (f] advantages to ! deaf ov] ! in/itutions4 ,z a "p ( ?is activity1 & z an ext5sion ( ! g5]al public facilities = education to ! entire community1 we h also ! "q ( ev5+ s*ools = adult deaf4 ,!re seems to be a def9ite ne$ = !m 9 c]ta9 c5t]s1 & x may well be hop$ t mu* great] att5tion w be giv5 to ! matt]4 ,all ! s*ools are really p>ts ( ! public s*ool sy/em1 ) ! exception ( a comp>atively small numb] ( private s*ools :i* h be5 creat$ 9 c]ta9 communities4 ,9 addition1 ! "w 9 ,am]ica is *>act]iz$ by a national college1 :i* repres5ts ! complet+ m>k 9 ! sy/em ( _! in/ruction4 ,by ?is ! education ( ! deaf is made n only to /& all along ! way p>allel ) education 9 g5]al1 b also to assume a place accord$ x 9 no o!r l&4 ,9 ! s*ools "o ( ! great features is ! indu/rial in/ruction1 & ?is is rightly emphasiz$4 ,z mu* z ! ne$ ( vocational tra9+ is insi/$ ^u on all sides to-day1 ) ! deaf x is ess5tial to a great] degree ?an x c be any:]e else4 ,! pupils ( ! s*ools :o h _h ?is indu/rial tra9+ z a rule d well 9 ! _w1 & 9 _m cases put _! tra9+ to mo/ practical acc\nt4 ,x c\ld be wi%$1 h[ev]1 t we _h a c>eful & detail$ record1 uni=m ov] ! c\ntry1 ( ! =m] pupils1 :i* w\ld be a te/1 demon/rative z well z sugge/ive1 ( ! effici5cy ( ! indu/rial tra9+ ( ! s*ools1 & :i* w\ld be equally ( value 9 o!r sph]es ( indu/rial education4 ,?\gh 9 ! "w ( ! education ( ! deaf 9 ,am]ica1 indu/rial in/ruction occupies a v prom95t "p1 yet 9 ! s*ools !re is an abundance ( s*ool+ 9 ! /ricte/ s5se4 ,! problems ( ! education ( ! deaf are peculi>1 & _! in/ructors h to face difficulties ( a k9d n f\nd 9 any o!r l9es ( education4 ,yet e>ne/ ?\ght & /udy are be+ giv5 to ^! problems1 & ef=ts made to solve !m z f> z x is possible4 ,9 ! conv5tions & conf]5ces ( in/ructors notable "w has be5 accompli%$1 & ^! bodies are insi/5t ^u progress & bett] results4 ,= ! great] effici5cy & success ( ! s*ools1 ! law z well z public s5tim5t c be call$ 9 aid4 ,deaf *ildr5 ev]y:]e %\ld be prevail$ ^u or compell$ to ent] ! s*ools1 & %\ld be requir$ to rema9 z long z _! be/ int]e/s dem& x4 ,education %\ld be a matt]1 =c$ if ne$ be1 = e deaf *ild1 = t]rible z ignorance always is1 9 ! deaf x is ! mo/ dreadful ( all4 ,9 ,am]ica private assi/ance to s*ools = ! deaf has n be5 great1 & v few s*ools h be5 b5efici>ies f res\rces o!r ?an ! /ate's4 ,to-day1 ) ! exception ( a few cases1 aid f private means has ceas$ to be expect$1 & calls = su* b\nty are n[ seldom made4 ,at pres5t ne>ly all ! s*ools are public in/itutions1 & rely entirely ^u ! c>e ( ! /ate4 ,! /ate has 9 g5]al recogniz$ its duty t[>ds ! education ( ! deaf1 & has engag$ to provide = x4 ,9 half ( ! /ates ?is responsibility is recogniz$1 & provision gu>ante$ 9 ! organic law4 ,9 all ! /ates ! legislatures h und]tak5 to see t means ( in/ruction are (f]$ to all _! deaf *ildr51 & x is f\nd t1 all ?+s consid]$1 ! /ates h 9 g5]al tak5 a ke5 int]e/ 9 _! educational welf>e4 ,few s*ools c boa/ ( ov]g5]\s appropriations2 _m n infrequ5tly h fail$ to receive all t has be5 ask$ =1 & h ?us (t5 be5 prev5t$ f do+ _! be/ "w4 ,yet x may be said t if ! legislatures h n always respond$ ) alacrity1 or always b\nte\sly1 or at all times ) a full s5se ( _! responsibility1 !y h respond$ at lea/ ) *e]fulness1 & m9dful ( all ! calls ^u ! /ate's treasury1 & (t5 accord+ to ! be/ ( _! light4 ,x has be5 realiz$ t ! education ( ! deaf is an exp5sive und]tak+1 f> m s ?an ! education ( ord9>y *ildr52 b x is none ! less realiz$ also t ?is education pays--pays f e possible po9t ( view4 ,t ! s*ool = ! deaf is n giv5 its full educational recognition is a grievance 9 "s /ates1 & ?is _c be reg>d$ o!rwise ?an un=tunate4 ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 ?is w mo/ likely be *ang$1 & ! s*ools ev]y:]e w come into _! prop] /&+1 & be consid]$ only z ! ag5cies ( ! /ate = ! education ( its *ildr54 ,! mo/ deplorable ?+ 9 ! treatm5t ( ! s*ools by ! /ate is t 9 "s qu>t]s politics ) its baneful influ5ce has be5 all[$ to int]f]e4 ,b z hide\s & disgraceful z is ?is action1 we may n[ believe t 9 mo/ places its back has be5 brok51 & t h]eaft] m5 ev]y:]e w ?9k bett] ( !mselves ?an to all[ x 9 a s+le in/ance4 ,f9ally1 9 respect to ! "w = ! deaf 9 ,am]ica z a :ole1 x may be said t ! /ate makes b "o =m ( provision 9 _! behalf4 ,?is is 9 all[+ to all its deaf *ildr5 a means ( education4 ,ev5 ?is is h>dly to be call$ provision = ! deaf4 ,x is r ! att5tion t is paid to a c]ta9 portion ( ! population = its education4 ,x is to be di/+ui%$ f ! provision = g5]al education only 9 t special means & me?ods are necess>y = its accompli%m5t4 ,?is be+ done1 ! /ate may practically let ! deaf alone4 ,no di/9ctive =m ( public treatm5t is usually to be call$ = 9 respect to !m z a class4 ,!y dem& little 9 ! way ( special c>e or ov]sight1 !y are able z a rule to look aft] !mselves1 ask+ few odds n ask$ by o!r m51 !y h become citiz5s )\t res]vation or qualification1 & economically !y =m no di/9ct class1 b are absorb$ into ! indu/rial life ( ! /ate4 ,!y h assum$ ! responsibilities ( life 9 a highly organiz$ community1 & 9 turn reap ! b5efits t belong to all m5 9 su* an ord]4 ,b ?\gh ?is is true1 _! affliction be/[$ ^u !m by ! p>tial h& ( nature1 is n to be m9imiz$1 nor its effects light5$ by any human words4 ,_! deafness re/s inde$ ^u !m z a v mat]ial1 tangible burd51 s %>p & po9t$ 9 its op]ations t !y are 9 great measure cut (f socially f ! re/ ( _! k9d4 ,because ( ?is _! conc]n becomes great 9 respect to ! =m ( consid]ation f ! community ab\t !m1 & _! ne$ turns to "o n s mu* ( mat]ial "* z ( ! att5tion ( ! good neighbor4 ,f _! condition all ! m does x avail t no fur!r load %\ld be plac$ ^u !m1 & t _! pray] %\ld be he>d t !y be treat$ fully z m54 ,= ev5 ) _! ev] miss+ s5se1 ! p[] ( ! deaf is only ret>d$1 & n s]i\sly dim9i%$1 to d]ive f life mu* ( its ri*ness & color & well-be+4 ,,app5dix ,a ,,homes ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,am]ica ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,ye> ,,numb] ,,annual ,,"n ,,/ate ,,location ,,f\nd$ ,,( ,,co/ ,,( ,,inmates,,support ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #a ,gallaudet ,home ,new ,york ,wapp+]'s ,falls #ahhe #bd #g1caa #b ,ohio ,home = ,ohio ,we/]ville #ahif #cj #f1gaj ,ag$ & ,infirm ,deaf #c ,/4 ,elizabe?'s ,new ,york ,new ,york ,city #ahig #bj #h1dce ,indu/rial ,s*ool #d ,new ,engl& ,home ,massa*usetts,ev]ett #aija #ac #c1aih = ,deaf-,mutes #e ,p5nsylvania ,p5nsylvania ,doyle/on #aijb #ai #d1ecf ,home = ! ,deaf ,,app5dix ,b ,,tables ,,) ,,respect ,,to ,,s*ools ,,= ,,! ,,deaf ,,9 ,,am]ica ,i4 ,,public ,,in/itutions4 ,,s*ool ,,location ,,date ,,( ,,op5+ ,,numb] ,,( ,,pupils #aiab-aiac ,,exp5diture ,,= ,,support #aiab-aiac ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,alabama ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,talladega #ahehafb #ci1hjj ,s*ool = ! ,negro ,deaf & ,bl9d ,talladega #ahib #bi ,arizona1 ,univ]sity (1 ,dep>tm5t =,tucson #aiab #be #aj1jjj ! ,deaf ,arkansas ,deaf-,mute ,in/itute ,little ,rock #ahfhbgj #fg1ejj ,cali=nia ,in/itution = ! ,deaf ,b]keley #ahfjahj #ed1fbi & ! ,bl9d ,colorado ,s*ool = ! ,deaf & ! ,colorado #ahgdagf #ei1agf ,bl9d ,spr+s ,connecticut ,am]ican ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,h>t=d #ahagadb #eg1iia ,my/ic ,oral ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,my/ic #ahgj #fj #ac1bdd ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,columbia ,in/itution = ! ,deaf ,k5dall ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,wa%+ton #aheg #ed #hf1ahd ,gallaudet ,college ,wa%+ton #ahfd #hb ,florida ,s*ool = ! ,deaf & ! ,/4 ,augu/9e#ahheajh #af1hgg ,bl9d ,georgia ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,cave ,spr+ #ahdfahh #de1cci ,idaho ,/ate ,s*ool = ! ,deaf & ,good+ #aijf #eh #bj1jjj ! ,bl9d ,ill9ois ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,jacksonville #ahdfdae #abd1ieg ,indiana ,/ate ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,indianapolis #ahddcde #he1ihj ,i[a ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,c\ncil #aheebbg #fj1ejj ,bluffs ,kansas ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,ola! #ahfabdc #ef1did ,k5tucky ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,danville #ahbccec #hb1cbe ,l\isiana ,/ate ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,baton ,r\ge #ahebade #cj1ejj ,ma9e ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,portl& #ahgfacd #bg1jjj ,m>yl& ,s*ool = ! ,deaf & ,dumb ,fr$]ick #ahfhaad #cc1dfa ,s*ool = ! ,color$ ,bl9d & ,deaf,ov]lea #ahgbdd #aj1jei ,massa*usetts ,bo/on ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,r&olph #ahiiade #ba1ffj ,cl>ke ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,nor?ampton #ahfgaef #fe1bee ,new ,engl& ,indu/rial ,s*ool = ,bev]ly #ahgi #cf #i1jih ,deaf-,mutes ,mi*igan ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,fl9t #ahedbig #ic1hgb ,m9nesota ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,f>ibault #ahfccjh #gj1bbi ,mississippi ,in/itution = ! ,deaf ,jackson #ahedahh #cc1egg ,miss\ri ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,fulton #aheacdd #ii1jjj ,montana ,s*ool = ,deaf1 ,bl9d & ,b\ld] #ahic #ei #bj1jbd ,backw>d ,*ildr5 ,nebraska ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,omaha #ahfiage #dd1aej ,new ,j]sey ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,tr5ton #ahhcahe #fj1jjj ,new ,mexico ,asylum = ! ,deaf & !,santa ,fe #ahhe #dd #aa1jjj ,dumb ,new ,york ,new ,york ,in/itution = ! ,new ,york #ahaheag #aha1aec ,in/ruction ( ! ,deaf & ,dumb ,c5tral ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,rome #ahgeaag #ca1cdg ,deaf-,mutes ,we/]n ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,ro*e/] #ahgfaib #fj1cfb ,deaf-,mutes ,nor!rn ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,malone #ahhdaaj #bi1gde ,deaf-,mutes ,in/itution = ! ,improv$ ,new ,york #ahfgbda #hh1dee ,in/ruction ( ,deaf-,mutes ,le ,c\teulx ,/4 ,m>y's ,in/'n = !,buffalo #ahfbahh #eb1cdi ,imp'd ,in/ruction ( ,deaf-,mutes ,/4 ,joseph's ,in/itute = ! ,we/ ,*e/] #ahfieae #abb1ifb ,improv$ ,in/ruction ( ,deaf-,mutes ,albany ,home ,s*ool = ! ,oral ,albany #ahhi #eh #af1jeb ,in/ruction ( ! ,deaf ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,/ate ,s*ool = ! ,deaf & ,dumb ,morganton #ahidbfc #fb1ejj ,/ate ,s*ool = ! ,bl9d & ! ,raleigh #ahdeaag #af1jfb ,deaf ,nor? ,dakota ,s*ool = ! ,deaf & ,devils ,lake #ahij #id #bf1igg ,dumb ,ohio ,/ate ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,columbus #ahbiedb #aah1jjj ,oklahoma ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,sulphur #ahihbba #ej1jjj ,indu/rial ,in/itute = ! ,deaf1 ,taft #aiji #ah #aa1jec ,bl9d1 & ,orphans ( ! ,color$ ,race ,oregon ,s*ool = ,deaf-,mutes ,salem #ahgj #ij #bb1ejj ,p5nsylvania ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution = ! ,deaf,philadelphia #ahbjfba #agb1egb & ,dumb ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution = ,edgewood ,p>k#ahgfbhb #fb1fec ! ,in/ruction ( ! ,deaf & ,dumb ,p5nsylvania ,oral ,s*ool = ! ,deaf,scranton #ahhcajj #ea1jjj ,home = ! ,tra9+ 9 ,spee* ( ,philadelphia #ahib #fe #bf1gij ,deaf ,*ildr5 ,rhode ,isl& ,in/itute = ! ,deaf ,provid5ce #ahgg #ia #cc1jjj ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,in/itution = ! ,c$> ,spr+ #ahdiaef #ba1ghj ,education ( ! ,deaf & ! ,bl9d ,s\? ,dakota ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,si\x ,falls #ahhj #ij #bf1jjj ,t5nessee ,deaf & ,dumb ,s*ool ,knoxville #ahdecbf #dg1hjj ,texas ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,au/9 #ahegdag #ajj1jjj ,deaf1 ,dumb1 & ,bl9d ,in/itute = ,au/9 #ahhg #id #ag1feb ,color$ ,y\? ,utah ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,ogd5 #ahhdaae #db1heg ,v]mont1 ,! ,au/9e ,in/itution = ,brattleboro #aiab #be #aa1dhg ! ,deaf & ,bl9d ,virg9ia ,s*ool = ! ,deaf & ! ,bl9d ,/aunton #ahciaic #cf1gdh ,s*ool = ,color$ ,deaf & ,bl9d ,newport ,news #aiji #he #aa1hbd ,*ildr5 ,wa%+ton ,/ate ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,vanc\v] #ahhfacb #cf1agh ,we/ ,virg9ia ,s*ools = ! ,deaf &,romney #ahgjaei #cd1gjj ! ,bl9d ,wiscons9 ,/ate ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,delavan #ahebafi #fe1jaj ,,ii4 ,,public ,,day ,,s*ools ,,s*ool ,,date ,,( ,,op5+ ,,numb] ,,( ,,pupils #aiab-aiac ,,exp5diture ,,= ,,support #aiaa-aiab ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,cali=nia ,los ,angeles ,day ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahii #de #f1jdh ,oakl& ,public ,s*ool ,oral ,classes #ahih #aa -- ,sacram5to ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijd #ab #b1ebj ,san ,francisco ,oral ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aija #bc #b1cej ,georgia ,atlanta ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiab #aj -- ,ill9ois ,*icago ,delano ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiac ,kozm9ski ,public ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahif ,p>k] ,practice ,public ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijecjg #cj1dgd ,wat]s ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiac ,rock ,isl& ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aija #h #gbj ,l\isiana ,new ,orleans ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiaa #bd #b1aej ,massa*usetts ,bo/on1 ,horace ,mann ,s*ool #ahfi #afg #bi1jdj ,mi*igan ,bay ,city ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aija #g #a1jje ,calumet ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijb #ac #a1eff ,detroit ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahid #ib -- ,gr& ,rapids ,oral ,s*ool = ,deaf & #ahih #bc #d1fjj ,h>d-(-,he>+ ,h\ghton ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijh #d #hjj ,iron ,m\nta9 ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijf #c #ijj ,ironwood ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijc #i #hge ,jackson ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiab #g -- ,kalamazoo ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijd #d -- ,mani/ee ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijd #aj #a1ajj ,m>quette ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijg #g #a1jbj ,sag9aw ,oral ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aija #aa #a1jej ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijf #c -- ,trav]se ,city ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijd #g #ijj ,m9nesota ,/4 ,paul ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiac -- -- ,miss\ri ,/4 ,l\is1 ,gallaudet ,s*ool #ahgh #fb #e1cba ,new ,j]sey ,j]sey ,city ,public ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiaj #ad -- ,new>k ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiaj #eh -- ,new ,york ,public ,s*ool #dg1 ,manhattan #aijh #bgi -- ,public ,s*ool1 ,brooklyn1 7,annex to ,s*ool #dg1 #aiaj #bd #c1jjj ,manhattan7 ,public ,s*ool1 ,que5s1 7,annex to ,s*ool #dg1 #aiac #aj -- ,manhattan7 ,ohio ,a%tabula ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijc #e #haj ,c9c9nati ,oral ,s*ool #ahhf #de #d1aej ,clevel& ,public ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahib #ii #aj1jjj ,dayton ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahii #aj #a1ejj ,tol$o ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiaa #ac #a1bjj ,oregon ,portl& ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijh #ca #c1hjj ,wa%+ton ,seattle ,public-,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijf #bg #b1hjj ,tacoma ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijh #ac #a1aad ,wiscons9 ,antigo ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijf #ag #a1hej ,appleton ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahif #ac #ihj ,a%l& ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahih #ae #c1jaf ,black ,riv] ,falls ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahig #aj -- ,bloom+ton ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijf #h #icj ,eau ,claire ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahie #ca #f1jjj ,fond du ,lac ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahie #af #a1hjc ,gre5 ,bay ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahig #bd #c1fjj ,k5o%a ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiac #aj -- ,la ,crosse ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahii #f #a1jfj ,madison ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijh #ae #b1bgb ,m>9ette ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahie #i #a1ehb ,m>%field ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiab #e -- ,milwaukee ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahih #adf #bc1bib ,m9]al ,po9t ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aiab #ac -- ,new ,london ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijf #aj #a1bjj ,o%ko% ,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahie #ae #a1dci ,platteville ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijf #i #a1cig ,rac9e ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijj #ba #a1gea ,rice ,lake ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aijg #h #a1bdc ,%eboygan ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahid #ac #a1dgf ,/ev5s ,po9t ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #aije #ab #b1fdf ,sup]ior ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahig #h #igj ,wausau ,day-,s*ool = ! ,deaf #ahij #aa #hhe ,,iii4 ,,d5om9ational ,,& ,,private ,,s*ools ,,s*ool ,,location ,,date ,,( ,,op5+ ,,numb] ,,( ,,pupils #aiab-aiac ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,cali=nia ,hold5 ,home ,oral ,s*ool ,san ,francisco#aiac #f ,/4 ,joseph's ,home = ! ,deaf ,oakl& #ahie #bf ,georgia ,miss ,arbaugh's ,s*ool = ,deaf ,*ildr5 ,macon #aiab #i ,ill9ois ,ephpheta ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,*icago #ahhd #ie ,! ,mc,cowen ,homes = ,deaf ,*ildr5 ,*icago #ahhc #dj ,l\isiana ,*9*uba ,deaf-,mute ,in/itute ,*9*uba #ahij #dj ,m>yl& ,home ,s*ool = ,little ,deaf ,*ildr5 ,k5s+ton #aijh #aj ,f4 ,knapp's ,engli% & ,g]man ,in/itute ,baltimore #ahgg #be ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]'s ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,irv+ton #ahig #ca ,massa*usetts ,! ,s>ah ,full] ,home = ,little ,deaf ,we/ ,m$=d #ahhh #af ,*ildr5 ,mi*igan ,evangelical ,lu!ran ,deaf-,mute ,in/itute ,nor? ,detroit#ahgc #bi ,miss\ri ,immaculate ,conception ,in/itute = ! ,deaf,/4 ,l\is #ahhe #gj ,new ,york ,r5o ,m>gulies ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,new ,york #aija #ah ,! ,wright ,oral ,s*ool ,new ,york #ahid #bh ,ohio ,notre ,dame ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,c9c9nati #ahij #aj ,miss ,breck9ridge's ,s*ool ,c9c9nati #aijf #c ,p5nsylvania ,ar*bi%op ,ryan ,memorial ,in/itute = ,philadelphia #aiab #ai ,deaf-,mutes ,de ,paul ,in/itute = ,deaf-,mutes ,pittsburgh #aijh #fd ,=re/ ,hall ,philadelphia #aija #g ,s\? ,dakota ,black ,hills ,s*ool = ! ,deaf ,lead #aiaa #b ,wiscons9 ,/4 ,john's ,in/itute = ,deaf-,mutes ,/4 ,francis #ahgf #ij ,,index ,accid5ts z a cause ( deafness1 #ag4 ,admission into s*ools1 #aeg1 #aff-afh1 #bfb-bfg4 ,see ,fees2 ,re/rictions4 ,adult deaf 9 s*ools1 #bfgn4 ,see ,ev5+ s*ools2 ,homes4 ,adv5titi\s deafness1 #af-dj2 ages ( occurr5ce (1 #ah2 action = ! prev5tion (1 #ba-bf2 z an increas+ or decreas+ ph5om5on1 #bg-dj2 causes (1 #ag-ba2 conclusions respect+1 #ei1 #fj1 #cji4 ,age ( occurr5ce ( deafness1 #g-aj1 #ab1 #ag1 #ah4 ,agricola1 ,rudolph1 #aba4 ,aid to ! deaf1 see ,homes = ! deaf2 ,legislation2 ,private organizations4 ---- = s*ools1 see ,clo?+ & transportation2 ,private b5efactions4 ,aims ( fir/ s*ools1 #adg-aed4 ,alabama1 education 91 #agb1 #agfn1 #ahb1 #ahd1 #bji1 #big4 ,alms-h\ses1 deaf 91 #gi4 ,alms-seek]s1 deaf z1 #hc-he1 #caf4 ,alphabet = deaf1 see ,manual alphabet4 ,am]ican ,association to ,promote ! ,tea*+ ( ,spee* to ! ,deaf1 #aji1 #aac1 #aad4 ,am]ican possessions1 education 91 #bdj4 ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #acbn1 #acd-aci1 #adan1 #aefn1 #aha1 #bii1 #cjf4 ,see ,connecticut4 ,amman1 ,john1 #abd4 ,anci5t treatm5t ( deaf1 #fc1 #aai4 ,annals ( ! ,deaf1 ,am]ican1 #aae4 ,appropriations = s*ools1 /ate1 #acf1 #afa1 #afc1 #bie1 #cba4 ,see ,day s*ools2 ,semi-public s*ools4 ,arizona1 education 91 #ahe1 #bji1 #cjj4 ,arkansas1 education 91 #ahc1 #baj4 ,associations ( ! deaf1 see ,societies4 ,asylums1 use ( t]m1 #ajd1 #adh1 #bean1 #befn4 ,att5dance 9 s*ools1 #afe1 #bfh-bgf4 ,see ,age limits4 ,auricul> in/ruction1 #bhc1 #bhe-bhg4 ,au/9e ,in/itution1 #cjf4 ,see ,v]mont4 ,bak]1 ,h5ry1 #abc4 ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 "w (1 see ,*ur* "w4 ,b>tlett1 ,david ,e41 #aefn4 ,b$e1 ,v5]able1 #aba4 ,bell1 ,a4 ,g41 #en1 #ajh4 ,b5efactions1 see ,private b5efactions2 ,end[m5t funds4 ,bl9d associat$ ) deaf1 #iin4 ,see ,dual s*ools4 ,bo>d+ in/itutions1 #afh1 #afi1 #ahg4 ,boll+1 ,william1 #aca4 ,bonet1 ,juan1 #abb4 ,bonifaccio1 ,giovanni1 #aba4 ,braidwood1 ,john1 #aca1 #acb4 ,braidwood1 ,?omas1 #abg4 ,bulw]1 ,john1 #abb4 ,cali=nia1 education 91 #agf1 #ahc1 #aia1 #aib1 #aic1 #bjb1 #bjd1 #baj1 #cje4 ,cam]>ius1 ,rudolph1 #abe4 ,c>ion1 ,ramirez de1 #abc4 ,c>dano1 ,girolamo1 #aba4 ,ca/ro1 ,pietro de1 #aba4 ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 "w (1 see ,*ur* "w2 ,d5om9ational s*ools4 ,causes ( deafness1 see ,adv5titi\s deafness2 ,cong5ital deafness4 ,c5sus ( deaf1 h[ tak51 #en1 #ad4 ,*>ges to pupils1 see ,fees2 ,re/rictions4 ,*>ities1 bo>ds (1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ,see ,*>ity2 ,/ates1 provision 94 ,*>ity 9 connection ) s*ools1 #ajd1 #adg1 #bdh-bfa1 #cbb2 conclusions respect+1 #bfj2 9 be/ s5se1 #bdi2 9 legal s5se1 #bebn2 opposition to connection1 #bef2 popul> conceptions ( *>ity1 #bej2 reg>d by /ates1 #bdh2 views ( bo>ds ( *>ities1 #bed2 views ( deaf1 #bei2 views ( in/ructors1 #bei4 ,*ur* "w = deaf1 #if1 #aaj-aac4 ,see ,private b5efactions4 ,cities1 aid ( to s*ools1 #afa-afc1 #cja4 ,see ,day s*ools2 ,/ates1 provision 94 ,cl>ke ,s*ool1 #bha1 #cjf4 ,see ,massa*usetts4 ,classes ( pupils1 see ,gradations4 ,classical allusions to ! deaf1 #aai4 ,cl]c1 ,laur5t1 #ace4 ,clo?+ & transportation provid$ = pupils1 #bee1 #bfd1 #bfe1 #bif1 #cjg4 ,clubs ( deaf1 see ,societies4 ,cogswell1 ,alice1 #acd4 ,college = ! deaf1 see ,gallaudet ,college4 ,colorado1 education 91 #agf1 #ahd1 #baa1 #big1 #cje4 ,colonies = ! deaf1 #hin4 ,comb9$ me?od ( in/ruction1 #bhc1 #bhe-bhg4 ,communication1 me?ods ( among deaf1 #aa1 #ab1 #bgg-bhg4 ,compulsory education1 #bgb-bgf1 #cbj4 ,conf]5ce ( ,pr9cipals1 #aac1 #aad4 ,cong5ital deafness1 #da-fj2 z an increas+ or decreas+ ph5om5on1 #eg2 conclusions respect+1 #fj-fb1 #caj2 consangu9e\s m>riages affect+1 #db2 deaf p>5ts affect+1 #df2 deaf relatives affect+1 #de2 possible action = ! prev5tion (1 #eb4 ,congregational ,*ur*1 "w (1 see ,*ur* "w4 ,congress1 action (1 see ,national gov]nm5t4 ,connecticut1 education 91 #acf1 #ach1 #aga1 #agc1 #ahc1 #baa1 #cje4 ,see ,am]ican ,s*ool4 ,consangu9e\s m>riages1 #db1 #ed1 #fj4 ,see ,cong5ital deafness4 ,con/itutional provisions1 #fd1 #afi1 #bdb-bdg1 #cba4 ,control1 bo>ds (1 #ahc4 ,conv5tion ( ,am]ican ,in/ructors ( ! ,deaf1 #aac1 #aad4 ,corporations1 see ,semi-public s*ools4 ,co/ ( education1 #bic-bih1 #cbb2 = ma9t5ance1 #bie2 = new build+s1 #bid2 9 day s*ools1 #aib2 p] pupil1 #bih2 to /ates s5d+ outside1 #big4 ,see ,prop]ty1 value (2 ,semi-public s*ools4 ,c\nty aid to s*ools1 #afb1 #bfe1 #bif2 (fic]s1 "w (1 #aff1 #bgen4 ,c\rses ( /udy1 #bhg4 ,c\rt decisions relat+ to deaf1 #fe1 #ga4 ,see ,law1 attitude (4 ,crimes1 responsibility ( deaf =1 #fe1 #gb4 ,dactylology1 see ,manual alphabet4 ,dalg>no1 ,george1 #abc4 ,day s*ools1 #afh1 #ahg-bja1 #cah2 argum5ts aga9/1 #aig2 argum5ts =1 #aid2 co-op]ation ) in/itutions1 #ahi1 #aij2 co-ord9ation ) public s*ools1 #aij1 #aic2 design (1 #ahh2 equipm5t (1 #aic1 #aif2 ev5+ s*ools z "p (1 #bjj1 #bja2 in/itutions z1 #ahg2 laws =1 #aib2 numb]1 #ahg1 #aia2 pupils 91 #aic2 support1 #aib1 #aic4 ,see ,me?ods ( in/ruction2 ,/ates1 provision 94 ,deaf1 mean+ ( t]m1 #c4 ,deaf-&-dumb1 see ,deaf4 ,deaf-bl9d1 #en1 #agh-agi1 #cjg4 ,deaf-mute1 #in1 #bhfn4 ,see ,deaf4 ,deaf-mutism1 #ajan4 ,deafness 9 diff]5t /ates1 #e4 ,defective class1 ! deaf z a1 #ajj4 ,delaw>e1 education 91 #ada1 #aga1 #ahe1 #bab4 ,d5om9ational & private s*ools1 #afh1 #bjb-bje1 #cai4 ,see ,me?ods ( in/ruction2 ,/ates1 provision 94 ,dep5d5t class1 ! deaf z a1 #ajc4 ,see ,economic condition4 ,des*amps1 #abf4 ,difficulties ( e>ly s*ools1 #add1 #ade1 #afd1 #afe4 ,diseases1 effect (1 see ,adv5titi\s deafness4 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 education 91 #aga1 #agbn1 #ahb1 #ahen1 #bab1 #bac1 #bif1 #cje4 ,see ,gallaudet ,college4 ,dual s*ools1 #agc1 #agf1 #agg1 #bicn1 #bidn1 #bien4 ,dues1 see ,fees4 ,dumbness1 see ,deaf4 ,e>1 diseases (1 see ,adv5titi\s ,deafness4 ,e>ly attempts at in/ruction1 #abi-acc4 ---- work]s1 "* (1 #aee1 #aef4 ,economic condition ( deaf1 #ge-ij1 #cad1 #caf2 conclusions respect+1 #ij2 deafness1 effect (1 #ge1 #hj1 #hc2 occupations ( deaf1 #gf1 #gg2 unions1 memb]s (1 #hbn2 views ( deaf1 #ha2 wage-e>n]s1 ext5t z1 #gf-gh1 #ha1 #hb4 ,see ,alms-h\ses2 ,dep5d5t class2 ,homes2 ,indu/rial tra9+4 ,education1 associations =1 #aac1 #aad2 bo>ds (1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #bdh1 #beh2 ,see ,/ates1 provision 94 ----1 condition ( deaf be=e1 #adf1 #adh-aed1 #cab4 ,employm5t ( deaf1 see ,economic condition4 ,end[m5t funds1 #agb1 #agd1 #bie4 ,see ,private b5efactions4 ,engl&1 e>ly education 91 #aba-abc1 #abg4 ,epee1 abbe de l'1 #abf1 #abg4 ,ephpheta ,s*ool1 #cjf4 ,see ,ill9ois4 ,eug5ics1 see ,cong5ital deafness4 ,europe1 fir/ s*ools 91 #aai-abh2 recognition 9 ( "w 9 ,am]ica1 #agjn4 ,ev5+ s*ools = adults1 #bjj1 #bja4 ,exhibits ( deaf pupils1 #acf1 #adb1 #aeh1 #aei1 #afj4 ,f>m+ z an indu/ry1 #hcn1 #ijn1 #bia1 #bib4 ,see ,economic condition4 ,fay1 ,b>nabas ,m41 #aefn4 ,feeble-m9d$ deaf1 #agi1 #ahj4 ,fees = pupils1 #adc1 #aeg4 ,see ,admission into s*ools2 ,d5om9ational s*ools2 ,re/rictions4 ---- 9 semi-public s*ools1 memb]%ip1 #aef1 #agc1 #aha1 #cjd4 ,fiction1 deaf 91 #ajjn4 ,f+]-spell+1 see ,manual alphabet2 ,sign language4 ,fir/ s*ools1 #aca1 #acd-add4 ,florida1 education 91 #agf1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #bac4 ,france1 e>ly education 91 #abe-abg4 ,frat]nal organizations ( deaf1 #ie1 #if4 ,gallaudet ,college1 #afh1 #bjf-bjh1 #bfen1 #cai4 ,see ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,gallaudet1 ,edw>d ,m9]1 #bjgn4 ,gallaudet1 ,?omas ,hopk9s1 #acd-acf1 #achn1 #aefn4 ,georgia1 education 91 #ach1 #adc1 #ahb1 #aia1 #aic1 #bjdn1 #bad4 ,g]many1 e>ly education 91 #aba1 #abd1 #abe4 ,gifts1 see ,private b5efactions4 ,gov]nm5t ( in/itutions1 #ahj-ahe4 ,see ,/ates1 provision 94 ,gradations ( pupils1 #bhg-bhi4 ,graduates ( s*ools1 #hj1 #bhh1 #bhi4 ,gre51 ,francis1 #acj4 ,gu>dians = deaf1 #fg1 #fh4 ,h>d ( he>+1 #cn2 s*ools =1 #bjbn4 ,h>r[]1 ,john1 #abi4 ,he>+ 9 s*ool *ildr51 defective1 #bd4 ,hebrew "w = deaf1 see ,*ur* "w4 ,he9icke1 ,samuel1 #abe4 ,h]$ity1 see ,cong5ital deafness4 ,hold]1 ,william1 #abc4 ,holl&1 e>ly education 91 #abd4 ,homes = deaf1 #he-hi1 #cad2 ext5t (1 #hg1 #hh2 purpose1 #hf2 support1 #hi4 ---- = *ildr51 #bedn1 #bifn4 ,see ,d5om9ational & private s*ools2 ,bo>d+ in/itutions4 ,horace ,mann ,s*ool1 #ahh1 #bhb4 ,see ,massa*usetts4 ,hubbell1 ,horatio ,n41 #aefn4 ,hutton1 ,abraham ,b41 #aefn4 ,idaho1 education 91 #agf1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #bad4 ,ideas ( e>ly s*ools1 #add-adg4 ,ill9ois1 education 91 #add1 #ahc1 #aia1 #aib1 #aic1 #bjb1 #bjd1 #bad1 #bae1 #cje4 ,immigration 9 respect to deaf1 #ff4 ,impo/ors simulat+ deafness1 #hb-hd1 #caf4 ,increase ( deafness1 see ,adv5titi\s deafness2 ,cong5ital deafness4 ,indiana1 education 91 #adb1 #aeg1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #baf4 ,indig5t pupils1 see ,admission into s*ools2 ,clo?+ & transportation2 ,fees2 ,re/rictions4 ,indu/rial tra9+1 #hj1 #afi1 #aic1 #aii1 #bje1 #bij-bib1 #cai4 ,in/itutions1 g5]al arrangem5ts (1 #aga-ahf2 gov]nm5t1 #ahj-ahe2 argum5ts aga9/1 #aid2 argum5ts =1 #aig4 ,see ,bo>d+ in/itutions2 ,me?ods ( in/ruction2 ,/ates1 provision 94 ,in/ructors1 associations (1 #aac1 #aad2 numb] (1 #bhh2 tra9+ s*ools =1 #bhin4 ,insurance companies & ! deaf1 #ajd2 among ! deaf1 #ie1 #if4 ,int]pret]s = deaf1 #fe1 #gd1 #aabn4 ,i[a1 education 91 #add1 #ahc1 #baf4 ,italy1 e>ly education 91 #aba1 #abd4 ,jacobs1 ,john ,a41 #aefn4 ,kansas1 education 91 #ahd1 #bag4 ,k5dall ,s*ool1 see ,gallaudet ,college2 ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,k5tucky1 education 91 #ada1 #adb1 #aeg1 #afdn1 #ahd1 #bag1 #big1 #bii4 ,k]g]1 #abe4 ,k]r1 ,william ,d41 #aefn4 ,kilpatrick1 ,john1 #acb4 ,k9d]g>t5 dep>tm5ts1 see ,d5om9ational & private s*ools2 ,gradations ( pupils4 ,labor bureaus = deaf1 #ga1 #han4 ,ladies' societies1 #hhn1 #afan1 #agcn4 ,l& giv5 = s*ools1 #acg1 #ada1 #afb1 #bii-cjb4 ,see ,/ates1 provision 94 ,language1 difficulty ( = deaf1 #aih1 #bja1 #bhg4 ,law1 g5]al attitude ( t[>d deaf1 #fc-gd2 tr5d (1 #gc2 ne$ ( *ang$ reg>d1 #cad4 ,see ,legal exceptions2 ,legislation4 ,le ,c\teulx ,/4 ,m>y's ,in/itution1 #cjf4 ,see ,new ,york4 ,legal exceptions1 views ( deaf respect+1 #gdn4 ,legislation 9 aid ( deaf1 #fh-ga2 discrim9atory1 #ff2 9 protection1 #fg1 #fh4 ,legislatures1 appeals to1 #aei1 #afj4 ,see ,appropriations2 ,law1 attitude (2 ,/ates1 provision 94 ,lip-read+1 #aj1 #bhd4 ,see ,spee*4 ,location ( s*ools1 #afc1 #cja4 ,l\isiana1 education 91 #agbn1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #aia1 #aic1 #bjb1 #bah4 ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 "w (1 see ,*ur* "w2 ,d5om9ational s*ools4 ,mc,intyre1 ,?omas1 #aefn4 ,ma9e1 education 91 #ach1 #ahc1 #bah4 ,mann1 ,horace1 #bha4 ,manual alphabet1 #aa1 #ab1 #bgg1 #bgh4 ,see ,sign language4 ,manual alphabet me?od1 #bhe-bhg4 ,manual me?od1 #bhe-bhg4 ,m>yl&1 education 91 #ada1 #agb1 #agc1 #agfn1 #ahc1 #bjb-bje1 #bai4 ,m>riages ( deaf1 advisability (1 #df1 #ed-ef2 laws to prohibit1 #efn2 p>tn]s 91 #ee2 possibilities ( deaf (fspr+1 #df-eb4 ,see ,cong5ital deafness4 ,massa*usetts1 education 91 #acj1 #ach1 #aga1 #agc1 #ahd1 #aia1 #aicn1 #bai1 #cje4 ,see ,cl>ke ,s*ool2 ,horace ,mann ,s*ool2 ,new ,engl& ,indu/rial ,s*ool2 ,s>ah ,full] ,home4 ,m$ical bodies & prev5tion ( deafness1 #be1 #bf4 ,see ,adv5titi\s deafness4 ,m5dicancy1 see ,alms-seek]s4 ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 "w (1 see ,*ur* "w4 ,me?ods ( in/ruction1 #aic1 #bje1 #bgg-bhg4 ,mi*igan1 education 91 #ahc1 #aia1 #aib1 #bjb1 #bba1 #cja4 ,middle ages1 education 91 #abj4 ,m9nesota1 education 91 #ahc1 #ahd1 #aia1 #aic1 #bbb4 ,mississippi1 education 91 #ahb1 #bbc4 ,missions1 see ,*ur* "w = deaf2 ,legislation 9 aid ( deaf4 ,miss\ri1 education 91 #adbn1 #add1 #ahc1 #aia1 #aic1 #bjb1 #bbc4 ,montana1 education 91 #agf1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #bbd1 #cjj4 ,montans1 ,pet]1 #abd4 ,mute1 see ,deaf4 ,national college1 see ,gallaudet ,college4 ,national ,educational ,association1 #aad4 ,national gov]nm5t1 grant+ l& = s*ools1 #acg1 #ada1 #afb1 #bii1 #cjj2 creat+ ,gallaudet ,college1 #bjf-bjh4 ,see ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,nebraska1 education 91 #ahc1 #bbd4 ,negroes1 education (1 #agb1 #agfn1 #ahen1 #bfhn4 ,nelson ,philip1 #abi4 ,nevada1 education 91 #aga1 #ahe1 #bbd4 ,new ,engl& ,s*ool1 #cjf4 ,see ,massa*usetts4 ,new ,engl& /ates1 int]e/ 9 ,am]ican ,s*ool1 #acf1 #acg1 #ach4 ,new ,hamp%ire1 education 91 #ach1 #aga1 #ahe1 #bbe4 ,new ,j]sey1 education 91 #adj1 #ada1 #ahd1 #aia1 #aib1 #bbe4 ,new ,mexico1 education 91 #ahb1 #ahen1 #bbe4 ,new ,york1 education 91 #aca1 #aci1 #adj1 #adhn1 #aga1 #agc1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #aia-aic1 #bjd1 #bbf-bbi1 #cje4 ,see ,le ,c\teulx ,/4 ,m>y's ,in/itution2 ,new ,york ,in/itution2 ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction2 ,/4 ,joseph's ,in/itution4 ,new ,york ,in/itution1 #aca1 #acbn1 #aci1 #adj1 #afan1 #ahgn1 #bhjn1 #cjf4 ,see ,new ,york4 ,new ,york ,in/itution = ,improv$ ,in/ruction1 #bha1 #cjf4 ,see ,new ,york4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 education 91 #adc1 #agb1 #agfn1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #bbi4 ,nor? ,dakota1 education 91 #ahc1 #bcj1 #big1 #cjj4 ,occupations ( deaf1 see ,economic condition4 ,,oecolampadius1 #abd4 ,(fspr+1 deaf1 see ,m>riages ( deaf4 ,ohio1 education 91 #adb1 #adcn1 #aegn1 #ahc1 #aia1 #aib1 #bjb1 #bje1 #bcj4 ,oklahoma education 91 #agb1 #agf1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ahen1 #bca4 ,op9ions ( deaf1 see ,*>ity2 ,economic condition2 ,legal exceptions4 ,oral me?od1 #ahgn1 #aic1 #bje1 #bgi-bhg1 #bifn4 ,oregon1 education 91 #ahc1 #ahen1 #aia1 #bcb4 ,pap]s ( deaf1 #ig1 #aaf2 ( s*ools1 #aaf1 #bib4 ,see ,publications = deaf4 ,p>5ts1 deaf1 & (fspr+1 see ,m>riages ( deaf4 ,p>5ts' associations1 #aji4 ,p>tially deaf1 #cn4 ,pas*1 #abe4 ,pay pupils1 see ,fees4 ,peet1 ,h>vey ,p41 #aefn4 ,p]eire1 #abf4 ,p5nsylvania1 education 91 #adj1 #ada1 #aga1 #agc1 #ahc1 #bjb-bjd1 #bcc1 #bcd1 #cje4 ,see ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution2 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution4 ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #adj1 #ada1 #aha1 #ahgn1 #cjf4 ,see ,p5nsylvania4 ,politics 9 s*ools1 #ahen1 #cbb4 ,ponce de ,leon1 ,p$ro1 #abb4 ,popul> conceptions ( deaf1 #ii-ajf1 #cac1 #cad4 ,prev5tion ( deafness1 see ,adv5titi\s deafness2 ,cong5ital deafness4 ,pr9cipals1 ,conf]5ce (1 #aac1 #aad4 ,private b5efactions1 #ace1 #acf1 #adj1 #adb1 #aeh1 #afj1 #afa1 #afc1 #agc-agf1 #agi1 #aha1 #bha1 #bie1 #bif1 #cja1 #cjc-cjh1 #cba4 ,see ,d5om9ational & private s*ools2 ,homes2 ,private organizations2 ,/ates1 provision 94 ,private organizations = deaf1 #ajg-aaf4 ,see ,d5om9ational s*ools2 ,semi-public s*ools4 ,private s*ools1 see ,d5om9ational & private s*ools4 ,prop]ty1 value (1 #bic4 ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*1 "w (1 see ,*ur* "w4 ,public appropriations1 see ,appropriations4 ,public s*ools1 deaf 91 see ,day s*ools4 ,publications = deaf1 #aae1 #cjgn4 ,see ,pap]s2 ,volta ,bureau4 ,pupils1 at beg9n+1 #afe2 numb] (1 #bhh2 proportion 9 att5dance1 #bfh-bgj4 ,see ,clo?+2 ,fees2 ,gradations2 ,re/rictions4 ,quasi-public s*ools1 see ,semi-public s*ools4 ,rae1 ,luz]ne1 #aefn4 ,raphel1 ,georges1 #abe4 ,relatives1 deaf1 see ,cong5ital deafness4 ,relief = ne$y deaf1 #fi1 #ie1 #aab4 ,religi\s "w1 see ,*ur* "w2 ,d5om9ational s*ools4 ,re/rictions1 #aeg1 #aff1 #bfb1 #bfc1 #cah4 ,see ,fees2 ,age-limits4 ,rhode ,isl&1 education 91 #ach1 #ahd1 #bcd4 ,/4 ,francis de ,sales1 #abd4 ,/4 ,joseph's ,in/itution1 #cjf4 ,see ,new ,york4 ,s>ah ,full] ,home1 #cjf4 ,see ,d5om9ational & private s*ools2 ,massa*usetts4 ,s*ott1 ,gasp>d1 #abe4 ,seixas1 ,david1 #adj4 ,self-support+1 ! deaf z1 see ,economic condition4 ,semi-deaf1 #in1 #bhfn4 ,semi-mute1 #in1 #bhfn4 ,semi-public s*ools1 #aef1 #agb-agf1 #ahj1 #aha1 #bien1 #big1 #cjc4 ,s5sational acc\nts ( deaf1 #ajen4 ,settlem5ts1 social1 "w (1 #ajgn4 ,sibscota1 ,george1 #abc4 ,sic>d1 #abg4 ,sign language1 #aa1 #ab1 #ib1 #ahgn1 #bgg-bgi4 ,see ,manual alphabet4 ,societies = deaf1 see ,private organizations4 ,social organization ( deaf1 #ia-ih4 ,societies ( ! deaf1 #ib-if2 desirability1 #ic2 purposes1 #id-if4 ,solid>ity ( deaf1 #ghn1 #id1 #ie4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 education 91 #ach1 #add1 #agf1 #ahb1 #ahd1 #bce4 ,s\? ,dakota1 education 91 #ahc1 #bjdn1 #bce1 #cjj4 ,spa91 e>ly education 91 #abb1 #abc4 ,spee*1 #h-ab1 #bgi-bhd2 ability ( deaf 91 #h1 #i1 #bhd2 gr[? ( tea*+ (1 #bhb-bhd2 relation to s5se ( he>+1 #c1 #d4 ,see ,oral me?od4 ,/an=d1 ,john1 #aca1 #aci4 ,/ate1 action (1 see ,law1 attitude (4 ,/ates1 provision 91 #bji-bda2 l&s giv5 by1 #cja2 )\t s*ools1 proc$ure 91 #afi1 #aga1 #ahe1 #big4 ,see ,appropriations2 ,*>ity2 ,con/itutional provisions2 ,gov]nm5t ( in/itutions4 ,/one1 ,coll9s1 #aefn4 ,/range class1 deaf z a1 #ii4 ,subsidies1 see ,appropriations2 ,semi-public s*ools4 ,support ( s*ools1 see ,co/4 ,tax1 exemptions ( deaf f1 #fe1 #fi4 ,taxation = s*ools1 special1 #afc1 #agb1 #big4 ,tea*]s1 see ,in/ructors4 ,t5nessee1 education 91 #adc1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #bcf4 ,t]ms1 see ,admission into s*ools4 ,t]zi1 ,lana1 #abd4 ,texas1 education 91 #agb1 #agfn1 #ahb1 #bcf4 ,?ornton1 ,william1 #accn4 ,totally deaf1 see ,deaf4 ,trades1 see ,indu/rial tra9+2 ,economic condition4 ,transportation1 see ,clo?+4 ,tru/ees ( s*ools1 #afc1 #afi1 #ahj-ahd1 #ahen4 ,see ,homes2 ,d5om9ational s*ools2 ,/ates1 provision 94 ,turn]1 ,william ,w41 #aefn4 ,unhappy class1 deaf z1 #ajb4 ,unit$ ,/ates1 numb] ( deaf 91 #e4 ,see ,am]ican possessions4 ,utah1 education 91 #agf1 #ahb1 #ahen1 #bcf1 #cjj4 ,vagrants1 see ,impo/ors4 ,value ( prop]ty1 see ,prop]ty4 ,van ,helmont1 ,jan ,bapti/a1 #abd4 ,van ,no/r&1 ,jacob1 #aefn4 ,van91 #abf4 ,v]mont1 education 91 #ach1 #agc1 #agf1 #bcg4 ,virg9ia1 education 91 #aca-acc1 #adb1 #agb1 #agf1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #bcg4 ,volta ,bureau1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aae4 ,volta ,review1 #aji1 #aae4 ,wages paid to deaf1 see ,economic condition4 ,walk]1 ,newton ,p41 #aefn4 ,wallis1 ,john1 #abc4 ,wa%+ton1 education 91 #ahc1 #ahen1 #aia1 #aib1 #bch4 ,weld1 ,l\is1 #aefn4 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 education 91 #agbn1 #agf1 #ahc1 #ahen1 #bch4 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution1 #ahgn1 #ahhn1 #cjf4 ,see ,p5nsylvania4 ,wills ( deaf1 #fe1 #gb1 #gc4 ,wiscons91 education 91 #add1 #ahc1 #ahhn1 #aia1 #aib1 #bjb1 #bci4 ,witness1 ! deaf z1 #gb4 ,writ+ z means ( communication1 #aa1 #ab1 #bhe1 #bhf4 ,wyom+1 education 91 #aga1 #ahe1 #bdj4 ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association1 "w (1 #ajgn4 ,transcrib]'s ,corrections3 ,page #ai4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 c]am5 to c]um54 ,impact$ c]um5 ,page #ain4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 c]am5 to c]um54 444 e> tr\ble1 impact$ c]um5 is usually f\nd 444 ,page #bh4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 #ahjj to #ahhj4 ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,adv5titi\sly ,,deaf ,,9 #ahhj1 #ahij ,,& #aijj ,page #cb4 ,table ,,iv4 #h? column #aijb_/aija to #aija_/aijb4 ,page #fi4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 is to 94 ,?us 9 ,miss\ri we f9d a /atute ( #ahdc all[+ 444 ,page #abhn4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 app5dicies to app5dices4 444 ,mississippi ,s*ool1 app5dices1 #aijg1 #aiji1 #aiaa 444 ,page #aeh4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 nucleii to nuclei4 444 s*ools 7 ?us (t5 ! nuclei ( ! 444 ,page #bjbn4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 nucleii to nuclei4 444 :i* 7 ! nuclei ( ! /ate 444 ,page #bbb4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,saulte to ,sault4 444 ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie1 #aijf2 444 ,page #bec4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 sup]9t5dant to sup]9t5d5t 444 ,by "o sup]9t5d5t x has be5 /at$ 444 ,page #bei4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,rosolv$ to ,resolv$4 ,resolv$1 t ! deaf y\? ( our l& 444 ,page #cjd4 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 suffci5t to suffici5t4 444 are q suffici5t to enable u to 444 ,page #cbj4 ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 educaton to education4 444 "w ( ! education ( ! deaf 444 ,page #cbi4 ,app5dix ,b4 ,annez to ,annex4 ,public ,s*ool1 ,que5s1 7,annex to ,s*ool #dg1 ,manhattan7 ,page #ccc #cci4 ,index4 ,no entry = ,age ,limits4 ,relevant in=mation c be f\nd 9 ,*4 ,,xvii1 pp4 #bfe-bfg1 "u ! head+ ,age ,limits ( ,att5dance4 ,page #ccd4 ,index4 ,giralamo to ,girolamo4 ,c>dano1 ,girolamo1 #aba4 ,page #cce1 #ccg #cdj4 ,index4 provisions to provision4 ,see 444 ,/ates1 provision 9 444 ,page #cdj4 ,index4 s*ools to in/itutions4 ,see 444 ,gov]nm5t ( in/itutions4 ,page #cdj4 ,index4 ( pupils to into s*ools4 ,t]ms1 see ,admission into s*ools4