,,half-,,h\rs ,,) ,,! ,,/>s   ,a ,,pla9 
,,& ,,easy ,,guide ,,to ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! 
,,con/ellations  ,,%[+1 ,,9 ,,twelve    
,,maps1 ,,! ,,position ,,= ,,! ,,unit$  
,,/ates ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,/> ,,gr\ps 
,,night ,,aft] ,,night ,,?r\gh\t ,,!    
,,ye>1 ,,) ,,introduction ,,& ,a        
,,sep>ate ,,explanation ,,( ,,ea* ,,map4
  ,,true ,,= ,,e ,,ye>  ,,maps ,,&      
,,text ,,specially ,,prep>$ ,,=         
,,am]ican ,,/ud5ts   ,,by  ,,ri*>d ,a4  
,,proctor1 ,f4,r4,a4,s4  ,,au?or ,,(    
,,half ,,h\rs ,,) ,,! ,,telescope1      
,,easy ,,/> ,,lessons1 ,a ,,l>g] ,,/>   
,,atlas1 ,,& ,,! ,,article ,,on         
,,a/ronomy ,,9 ,,! ,,am]ican            
,,cyclop,,dia ,,& ,,! ,,cyclop,,dia     
,,brittanica4 ,,etc41 ,,etc4   ,"h ,i   
may sit & rightly spell  ,( e /> t      
,heav'n do? %[4--,,milton4  ,! ,heav5s  
decl>e ! glory ( ,god2 & ! ,firmam5t    
%[e? ,8 h&iwork4--,,psalms xix3 #a4     
,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons  ,,new ,,york
 ,,& ,,london  ,! ,knick]bock] press    
#aiaa      ,,introduction ,,on ,,! ,,use

 ,,( ,,! ,,maps4  ,x is v easy to ga9 a 
k ( ! />s1 if ! le>n] sets to "w 9 !    
prop] mann]4 ,b he commonly meets ) a   
difficulty at ! outset ( 8 task4 ,he    
provides himself ) a set ( ! ord9>y     
/>-maps1 & !n f9ds himself at a loss h[ 
to make use ( !m4 ,su* maps tell him    
no?+ ( ! position ( ! con/ellations on !
 sky4 ,if he happ5 to recognize a       
con/ellation1 !n inde$ 8 maps1 if       
prop]ly con/ruct$1 w tell him ! names ( 
! />s =m+ ! con/ellation1 & also he may 
be able to recognize a few ( ! neighbor+
 con/ellations4 ,b :5 he has done ?is he
 may meet ) a new difficulty1 ev5 z     
respects ?is v con/ellation4 ,= if he   
look = x aga9 "s mon?s lat]1 he w nei!r 
f9d x 9 its =m] place nor w x pres5t !  
same aspect1--if inde$ x happ5 to be    
above ! horizon at all4  ,x is cle>1 !n1
 t :at ! le>n] wants is a set ( maps    
specially con/ruct$ to %[ him 9 :at "p (
 ! sky ! con/ellations are to be look$  
=4 ,he ought on any night ( ! ye> to be 
able to turn at once to ! prop] map1 & 9

 t map he ought to see at once :at to   
look =1 t[>d :at po9t ( ! compass ea*   
visible con/ellation lies1 & h[ high x  
is above ! horizon4 ,&1 if possible 7z !
 pres5t "w %[s is ! case71 "o map ought 
to suffice to exhibit ! aspect ( ! :ole 
heav5s1 9 ord] t ! beg9n] may n be      
confus$ by turn+ f map to map1 & try+ to
 f9d out h[ ea* fits 9 ) ! o!rs4  ,x is 
to fulfil ^! requirem5ts t ! pres5t maps
 h be5 con/ruct$4 ,ea* exhibits ! aspect
 ( ! :ole sky at a giv5 day & h\r4 ,!   
circumf]5ce ( ! map repres5ts ! natural 
horizon1 ! middle ( ! map repres5t+ ! "p
 ( ! sky :i* lies imm$iately ov]head4   
,if ! le>n] hold "o ( ^! maps ov] 8     
head1 s z to look v]tically upw>ds at x1
 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! horizon m>k$ 9 r\nd 
! circumf]5ce be+ turn$ t[>ds ! prop]   
compass po9ts1 he w see ! same view ( ! 
heav5s z he w\ld if he 7 to lie on 8    
back & look upw>ds at ! sky1 only t !   
map is a planisph]e & ! sky a hemisph]e4
  ,b al?\gh ?is illu/ration s]ves to    
indicate ! nature ( ! maps1 ! actual    

mode ( us+ !m is m conv5i5t4  ,let x    
fir/ be not$ t prop]ly speak+ ! maps h  
nei!r top1 bottom1 nor sides4 ,ea* map  
may be held ) any "p ( ! circumf]5ce    
d[nw>d3 !n ! c5tre ( ! map is to be     
look$ ^u z ! top = t "p ( ! circumf]5ce4
 ,! portion ( ! map ly+ b5ea? ! c5tre   
repres5ts ! portion ( ! sky ly+ betwe5 !
 po9t ov]head & a c]ta9 "p ( !          
horizon--! "p 9 fact correspond+ to !   
p>ticul> "p ( ! circumf]5ce :i* is turn$
 d[nw>ds4 ,?us if on any night we wi% to
 le>n :at are ! />s t[>ds ! nor?1 we    
look = ! map correspond+ to t night4 ,at
 ! h\r nam$ ! />s t[>d ! nor? w be ^?   
%[n betwe5 ! c5tre ( ! map & ! top2 &1 (
 c\rse1 we hold ! map upside d[n s z to 
br+ ! c5tre above ! nor!rn "p ( !       
circumf]5ce4  ,b ?is matt] w be m cle>ly
 und]/ood by comp>+ ! acc\nt ( any ( !  
accompany+ maps ) ! map itself4  ,aga91 
x mu/ be not$ t1 al?\gh ! maps are      
necess>ily arrang$ 9 a c]ta9 ord]1 !re  
is 9 reality no fir/ or la/ 9 ! s]ies4  
,! map numb]$ ,i4 foll[s ! map numb]$   

,,xii4 9 exactly ! same mann] t ! latt] 
foll[s ! map numb]$ ,,xi4 ,! maps =m a  
circul> s]ies1 9 fact4  ,! only reason =
 numb]+ ! maps z at pres5t1 is t ! map  
numb]$ ,i4 ,happ5s to exhibit ! aspect (
 ! sky at a conv5i5t h\r on ! night (   
,janu>y #a/4 ,x w be f\nd t ! dates     
foll[ on ) int]vals ( sev5 or eight days
 "r r\nd ! ye>1 ! end ( ! ye> fall+ 9 ! 
left-h& column ( ! table "u ,map ,i41   
:ile ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> is 9 ! "r-h&      
column ( ! same map499  ,footnote 993 ,x
 may be m5tion$ 9 pass+1 t ! dates h n  
be5 ?r[n 9 s z to fall regul>ly r\nd !  
ye>1 b correspond ) ! v>iations due to !
 e>?'s v>iable motion r\nd ! sun4  ,x w 
be se5 at once t a map c always be f\nd 
correspond+ to a conv5i5t h\r on any    
night ( ! ye>4 7,9 midsumm]1 on a few ( 
! dates m5tion$ "u ! maps1 night has n  
begun at ! h\r nam$47 ,on any date nam$ 
"u a map1 ! aspect ( ! sky two h\rs lat]
 ?an t nam$ is t repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+   
map4 ,?us at eight o'clock 9 ! ev5+ (   
,janu>y #bb;d1 ! aspect ( ! />s is z %[n

 9 ,map ,i4 ,at t5 o'clock on ! same    
night ! aspect ( ! sky is t %[n 9 ,map  
,,ii41 z a date "u t map %[s4 ,apply+   
?is rule to ! few occasions on :i* ! h\r
 nam$ is n available = obs]vation 7five 
or six 9 all out ( n9ety-six dates71 !  
obs]v] c manage z well = ^? occasions z 
= any o!rs4  ,next1 z to f9d+ ! nor?    
po9t1 or any po9t ( ! compass :i* w     
enable ! obs]v] to det]m9e ! re/4 ,if he
 is only famili> ) ! aspect ( ^? sev5   
bright />s ( ! ,great ,be> :i* h be5    
call$ ! ,dipp]1 ,*>les' ,wa91 7really ,!
 ,*url's ,wa917 ! ,but*]'s ,cleav]1 & by
 o!r names1 he c always det]m9e ! nor?  
po9t by means ( ! two />s call$ !       
,po9t]s1 s9ce ^! sev5 />s nev] set4 ,9 !
 explanation ( ea* map ,i h %[n :]e !   
,great ,be> is to be look$ = on ea*     
night1 ! obs]v] be+ assum$ to h su* a   
g5]al k ( ! direction ( ! compass-po9ts1
 z w suffice = ! purpose ( f9d+ s m>k$ a
 collection ( />s4 ,?us ! pole-/> is    
f\nd1 & = ! purpose ( su* obs]vations z 
are "h consid]$1 ?is /> may be look$ ^u 

z m>k+ ! exact direction ( ! nor?4      
,p]haps no?+ fur!r is requir$2 b if !   
obs]v] pref] x he c det]m9e ! nor? po9t 
conv5i5tly at noon by sett+ up a v]tical
 /ick 9 ! sunlight & not+ ! direction 9 
:i* ! %ad[ lies4 ,once ! obs]vation has 
be5 made1 he c note :at objects 7^! %\ld
 be di/ant7 lie t[>ds ! diff]5t po9ts ( 
! compass1 & f t "t he c use !          
accompany+ maps )\t any ref]5ce to !    
,great ,be> & ! ,po9t]s4  ,x is wor?    
notic+ t ! />s call$ ! ,gu>dians ( !    
,pole =m no bad "t-piece :5 us$ ) ! aid 
( su* maps z ! pres5t4 ,!y revolve r\nd 
! pole once 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs 7less ab\t 
f\r m9utes71 9 a direction contr>y to t 
( a clock's h&s4 ,b />s ne> ! equator1  
^: motions are mu* m rapid1 af=d a yet  
bett] measure ( "t1 if ! direction ( !  
s\? po9t is well det]m9$4  ,( c\rse1 !  
obs]v] :o really wi%es to become an     
a/ronom] w n re/ satisfi$ by le>n+ only 
! pr9cipal />s %[n 9 ^! maps4 ,by means 
( ! regul> />-maps1 su* z ^? ( my ,s*ool
 ,/> ,atlas1 he w be able to explore !  

dep?s ( all ! con/ellations1 hav+ once  
le>n$ _! position & g5]al appe>ance f ! 
accompany+ maps4 ,x w be well = ! /ud5t 
to rememb] t ! planets ,v5us1 ,m>s1     
,jupit]1 & ,saturn w at times appe>     
among ! con/ellations "h %[n4 ,v5us &   
,jupit] c always be recogniz$ by _!     
sup]ior light1 ,m>s & ,saturn by !      
/ead9ess ) :i* !y %9e4 ,! almanac w     
always %[ :5 ^! planets & ,m]cury 7(t5 v
 bright 9 ! cle> skies ( ,am]ica7 are   
above ! horizon1 & :]e !y are situate4  
,!y nev] appe> except among ! zodiacal  
con/ellations4  ,= p>ticul>s & pictures 
( ! diff]5t con/ellations1 & o!r details
 associat$ ) ! /udy ( ! />-gr\p+s1 !    
read] is ref]r$ to my ,easy ,/>         
,lessons1 publi%$ l ! pres5t maps by    
,messrs4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons4 ,i h to    
?ank ! proprietors ( ! ,sci5tific       
,am]ican = p]mission to publi% ^! maps1 
:i* orig9ally appe>$ 7?\gh 9 a slightly 
diff]5t =m7 9 ! pages ( t excell5t      
magaz9e4 ,! ,lat9 names ( !             
con/ellations includ$ 9 ! maps ( ?is    

s]ies are z foll[s3    ,,! ,,little     
,,be>1 ,,ursa ,,m9or 7a1 ! ,pole ,/>2 b1
 g1 ! ,gu>dians74   ,,! ,,dragon1       
,,draco 7a1 ,?uban74   ,,k+ ,,cepheus1  
,,cepheus4   ,,! ,,lady ,,9 ,,! ,,*air1 
,,cassiopeia4   ,,! ,,*ampion1 ,,p]seus 
7b1 ,algol1 rem>kable v>iable74   ,,!   
,,*>iote]1 ,,auriga 7a1 ,capella74   ,,!
 ,,great] ,,be>1 ,,ursa ,,major 7a1 b1 !
 ,po9t]s74   ,,! ,,hunt+ ,,dogs1 ,,canes
 ,,v5atici 7a1 ,cor ,c>oli74   ,,que5   
,,b]5ice',s ,,hair1 ,,coma ,,b]5ices4   
,,! ,,h]dsman1 ,,bo,,tes 7a1 ,arcturus74
   ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,cr[n1 ,,corona        
,,borealis4   ,,! ,,s]p5t1 ,,s]p5s4     
,,! ,,kneel]1 ,,h]cules4   ,,! ,,lyre1  
,,lyra 7a1 ,vega74   ,,! ,,swan1        
,,cygnus 7a1 ,arid$2 b1 ,albireo74   ,,!
 ,,w+$ ,,horse1 ,,pegasus4   ,,! ,,*a9$ 
,,lady1 ,,&rom$a4   ,,! ,,triangles1    
,,triangula4   ,,! ,,ram1 ,,aries4   ,,!
 ,,bull1 ,,taurus 7a1 ,aldeb>an2 ae1    
,alcyone1 ! *ief ,pleiad74   ,,! ,,tw9s1
 ,,gem9i 7a1 ,ca/or2 b1 ,pollux74   ,,! 
,,crab1 ,,canc] 7! clu/] betwe5 g & d is

 ! ,beehive74   ,,! ,,lion1 ,,leo 7a1   
,regulus74   ,,! ,,virg91 ,,virgo 7a1   
,spica74   ,,! ,,scales1 ,,libra4   ,,! 
,,s]p5t-,,hold]1 ,,ophiu*us4   ,,!      
,,eagle1 ,,aquila 7a1 ,altair74   ,,!   
,,dolph91 ,,delph9us4   ,,! ,,wat]      
,,c>ri]1 ,,aqu>ius4   ,,! ,,fi%es1      
,,pisces4   ,,! ,,sea ,,mon/]1 ,,cetus  
7o1 ,mira1 rem>kable v>iable7   ,,!     
,,riv]1 ,,eridanus4   ,,! ,,giant       
,,hunt]1 ,,orion 7a1 ,betelgeux2 b1     
,rigel74   ,,! ,,less] ,,dog1 ,,canis   
,,m9or 7a1 ,procyon74   ,,! ,,sea       
,,s]p5t1 ,,hydra 7a1 ,alph>d74   ,,!    
,,cup1 ,,crat] 7a1 ,alkes74   ,,! ,,cr[1
 ,,corvus4   ,,! ,,scorpion1 ,,scorpio  
7a1 ,ant>es74   ,,! ,,ar*]1             
,,sagitt>ius4   ,,! ,,sea-,,goat1       
,,capricornus4   ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,fi%1     
,,piscis ,,au/ralis 7a1 ,fomalhaut74    
,,! ,,h>e1 ,,lepus4   ,,! ,,dove1       
,,columba4   ,,! ,,great] ,,dog1 ,,canis
 ,,major1 7a1 ,sirius74   ,,! ,,%ip1    
,,argo4   ,,! ,,c5taur1 ,,c5taurus4  ,! 
foll[+ table exhibits ! names ( all !   

/>s ( ! fir/ ?ree magnitudes to :i*     
a/ronom]s h giv5 names2 at lea/1 all ^? 
^: names are 9 common use3  a ,&rom$1   
,alph]atz b ----1 ,mira*1 ,miz>4 g ----1
 ,alma*4 a ,aqu>ii1 ,sadalmelik b ----1 
,sadalsund g ----1 ,skat a ,aquil1      
,altair b ----1 ,al%a9 g ----1 ,t>az$ a 
,arietis1 ,hamal b ----1 ,%]atan g ----1
 ,mes>tim a ,aurig1 ,capella b ----1    
,m5kal9an a ,botis1 ,arcturus b ----1   
,nekk> e ----1 ,iz>1 ,miz>1 ,mira* ae   
----1 ,muphrid a ,canum ,v541 ,cor      
,c>oli a ,canis ,majoris1 ,sirius b     
----1 ,mirzam e ----1 ,ad>a a ,canis    
,m9oris1 ,procyon b ----1 ,gomeisa a#b  
,capricorni1 ,secunda ,gi$i d ----1     
,d5eb ,algi$i a ,cassiopei1 ,s*$> b     
----1 ,*aph a ,cephei1 ,ald]am9 b ----1 
,alphirk g ----1 ,errai a ,ceti1 ,m5k> b
 ----1 ,diphda  z ,ceti1 ,bat5 ,kaitos o
 ----1 ,mira a ,columb1 ,phact a ,coron 
,bor1 ,alphecca a ,corvi1 ,al*iba d     
----1 ,algores a ,crat]is1 ,alkes a     
,cygni1 ,arid$1 ,d5eb ,adige b ----1    
,albireo a ,draconis1 ,?uban b ----1    

,alwaid g ----1 ,etan9 b ,eridani1      
,cursa g ----1 ,zaurac a ,gem9orum1     
,ca/or4 b ----1 ,pollux g ----1 ,alh5a d
 ----1 ,wesat e ----1 ,mebsuta a        
,h]culis1 ,ras ,alge?i b ----1 ,korne=os
 a ,hydr1 ,al ,f>d1 ,cor ,hydroe a      
,leonis1 ,regulus1 ,cor ,leonis b ----1 
,d5eb ,aleet1 ,d5ebola1 ,d5eb g ----1   
,algeiba d ----1 ,zosma a ,leporis1     
,arneb a ,libr1 ,zub5 el ,g5ubi b ----1 
,zub5 el ,*amali g ----1 ,zub5 ,hakrabi 
a ,lyr1 ,vega b ----1 ,%eliak g ----1   
,salaphat  a ,ophiu*i1 ,ras ,alhague b  
----1 ,cebalrai a ,orionis1 ,betelgeux b
 ----1 ,rigel g ----1 ,bellatrix d ----1
 ,m9taka e ----1 ,alnilam a ,pegasi1    
,m>kab b ----1 ,s*eat g ----1 ,alg5ib e 
----1 ,enif z ----1 ,homan a ,p]sei1    
,mirfak b ----1 ,algol a ,piscis ,au/41 
,fomalhaut e ,sagitt>ii1 ,kaus ,au/ralis
 a ,scorpionis1 ,ant>es1 ,cor           
,scorpionis a ,s]p5tis1 ,unukalhai a    
,tauri1 ,aldeb>an b ----1 ,na? ae ----1 
,alcyone 7,pleiad7 a ,urs ,majoris1     
,dubhe b ----1 ,m]ak g ----1 ,phecda e  

----1 ,alio? z ----1 ,miz> ae ----1     
,alkaid1 ,b5etnas* i ----1 ,tali?a a    
,ursa ,m9oris1 ,pol>is b ----1 ,ko*ab a 
,virg9is1 ,spica ,azime*1 ,spica b ----1
 ,zavijava e ----1 ,v9demiatrix         
,illu/ration3 ,,map ,i4 ,,night         
,,sky4--,,decemb] ,,& ,,janu>y4  ,at #aa
 o'clock3 ,dec4 #g4                     
,at #i o'clock3 ,jan4 #g4 ,at #aj-a_/b  
o'clock3 ,dec4 #ae4;,at #i-a_/b         
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,jan4 #ad4 
,at #aj o'clock3 ,dec4 #bc4      ,dec4  
#cj4       ,at #h o'clock3 ,jan4 #bb4   
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4   ,,night ,,sky4--,,decemb] ,,&
 ,,janu>y4  ,! ,great ,be> 7,ursa       
,major7 is n[ ris+ well above ! horizon1
 9 ! nor!a/1 ! ,po9t]s ab\t midway      
betwe5 nor? & nor!a/4 ,a l9e f ! ,pole  
,/> to ! ,gu>dians ( ! ,pole is n[ 9 !  
position ( ! m9ute h& ( a clock ab\t #bh

 m9utes pa/ an h\r4 ,! ,dragon 7,draco7 
lies due nor?1 curv+ r\nd "u ! ,little  
,be>1 its head close to ! horizon4 ,l[  
d[n 9 ! nor?we/ is a "p ( ! ,swan       
7,cygnus74 ,high] up we see ,k+         
,cepheus1 8 wife ,cassiopeia1 & _!      
daught] ,&rom$a 7! ,seat$ ,lady & ,*a9$ 
,lady1 respectively71 ) ! ,rescu]       
7,p]seus7 ne>ly ov]head4 ,! ,w+$ ,horse 
is sett+1 8 head close by ! we/]n       
horizon1 & ne> ! j> ( ! ,wat] ,be>]     
7,aqu>ius74  ,9 ! s\?we/ is ! ,:ale2 &  
close by1 ! con/ellation ,pisces1 or !  
,fi%es2 above !m ! ,ram 7,aries71 betwe5
 :i* & ,&rom$a ! ,triangles c be se54   
,9 ! s\? ! ,riv] 7,eridanus7 makes n[   
its be/ %[4 ,its lead+ brilliant1       
,a*]n>1 is1 h[ev]1 nev] se5 9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates4 ,9 ! s\!a/ ! ,great ,dog1 ) !   
spl5did ,sirius 7:i* brightlie/ %9es :5 
lav$ ( ocean's wave71 %[s respl5d5tly4  
,above is ,orion n[ /&+ upright1 tread+ 
on ! ,h>e 7,lepus7 & fac+ ! ,bull       
7,taurus71 n[ at its highe/4 ,! ,dove   
7,columba7 bel[ ! ,h>e is a mod]n & n v 

int]e/+ con/ellation4  ,! ,little ,dog  
7,canis ,m9or7 is on ! ea/ ( ,orion4 ,9 
! ea/ ! ,sea ,s]p5t 7,hydra7 is ris+1 & 
due ea/ a little high] we f9d ,canc]1 ! 
,crab1 7note ! pretty clu/] call$ !     
,beehive 7,proesepe772 above are ! tw9s 
7,gem9i71 & above !m ! ,*>iote]         
7,auriga71 ) ! bright ,capella1 ne>ly   
ov]head4  ,! ,lion is ris+ 9 ! nor!a/1 8
 he>t /> ,regulus 7a7 be+ l[ d[n a      
little nor? ( ea/4  ,la/ly1 due nor?1   
high up1 ! absurd ,giraffe              
7,camelop>dus7 /&s pr\dly on 8 ridicul\s
 head4     ,,night ,,sky4--,,janu>y ,,& 
,,febru>y4  ,! ,great ,be> 7,ursa       
,major7 ) its ,dipp] & ,po9t]s1 occupies
 ! nor!a/]ly mid-heav54 ,a l9e f ! ,pole
 ,/> 7a ( ! ,little ,be>1 ,ursa ,m9or7  
to ! ,gu>dians1 b & g1 lies 9 ! position
 ( ! m9ute h& ( a clock #bc m9utes aft] 
an h\r4 ,! ,camelop>d 7,camelop>dus7 is 
above4 ,! ,dragon 7,draco71 ^: head is  
bel[ ! horizon1 curves r\nd ! ,little   
,be> to betwe5 ! ,gu>dians & ! ,po9t]s4 
,9 ! nor?we/1 fairly high up1 we f9d    

,cassiopeia1 ! ,seat$ ,lady1 & on h] "r1
 l[] d[n1 ! inconspicu\s con/ellation   
,cephius4 ,&rom$a1 ! ,*a9$ ,lady1 is on 
,cassiopeia's left4 ,! ,great ,nebula w 
be notic$ 9 ! map--x is fa9tly visible  
to ! nak$ eye4 ,above ,&rom$a is        
,p]seus1 ! ,rescu+ ,knight1 & above him 
! ,*>iote] 7,auriga71 ne>ly ov]head4 ,on
 ! left ( ,&rom$a is ,aries1 ! ,ram1 !  
small con/ellation ! ,triangles ly+     
betwe5 !m4  ,t[>d ! s\?we/1 ! ,:ale     
7,cetus7 is beg9n+ to set4 ,! ,riv]     
7,eridanus7 occupies ! l[] "p ( !       
s\?we/]ly sky1 & ext5ds also to !       
mid-heav5s 9 t direction4 ,! ,dove      
7,columba7 is ne>ly due s\?1 & at its   
be/--:i* is n say+ mu*4 ,above is ! ,h>e
 7,lepus71 on :i* ,orion treads4 ,!     
,giant n[ pres5ts 8 noble/ aspect--pr9ce
 ( all ! con/ellations z he is4 ,he     
faces ! ,bull 7,taurus71 kn[n by !      
,pleiades & ! bright ,aldeb>an4  ,close 
by ! poor ,h>e1 on ! left1 leaps ,canis 
,major1 ! ,great] ,dog1 ) ! bright      
,sirius1 :i* bick]s into gre5 & em]ald4 

,! /]n ( ! ,/> ,%ip 7,argo7 is ne>+ !   
s\?4  ,v high 9 ! s\!a/ we f9d ! ,tw9s  
7,gem9i71 ) ! tw9 />s1 ,ca/or & ,pollux 
7a & b72 & bel[ !m ! ,little ,dog       
7,canis ,m9or74 ,! ,sea ,s]p5t 7,hydra7 
is re>+ its tall neck above ! ea/]n     
horizon 7by s\?71 z if aim+ ei!r = !    
,little ,dog or = ! ,crab 7,canc]71 n[  
high up 9 ! ea/1 ) its pretty ,beehive  
clu/] %[+ well 9 cle> wea!r4 ,! ,lion   
7,leo7 is due ea/1 ! ,sickle 7m>k$ by ! 
/>s a1 ae1 g1 m1 & e7 be+ easily        
recogniz$4  ,que5 ,b]5ice's ,hair 7,coma
 ,b]5ices1 n ,b]5icis1 z (t5 ignorantly 
giv57 is 9 ! nor!a/4 ,x us$ to m>k ! tip
 ( ! real ,lion's tail1 j z ! />s ( !   
,crab m>k$ 8 head4 ,! ,hunt+ ,dogs      
occupy ! space betwe5 ,b]5ice's ,hair & 
! ,great ,be>4   ,illu/ration3 ,,map    
,,ii4 ,,night ,,sky4--,,janu>y ,,&      
,,febru>y4  ,at #aa o'clock3 ,jan4 #g4  
,at #i o'clock3 ,feb4 #f4 ,at #aj-a_/b  
o'clock3 ,jan4 #ad4;,at #i-a_/b         
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,feb4 #ad4 
,at #aj o'clock3 ,jan4 #bb4      ,jan4  

#bi4       ,at #h o'clock3 ,jan4 #ba4   
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4     ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,iii4 
,,night ,,sky4--,,febru>y ,,& ,,m>*4    
,at #aa o'clock3 ,feb4 #f4              
,at #i o'clock3 ,m>4 #h4 ,at #aj-a_/b   
o'clock3 ,feb4 #ad4;,at #i-a_/b         
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,m>4 #af4  
,at #aj o'clock3 ,feb4 #ba4      ,m>4   
#a4        ,at #h o'clock3 ,m>4 #bc4    
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4   ,,night ,,sky4--,,febru>y ,,&
 ,,m>*4  ,! ,great ,be> 7,ursa ,major71 
) its ,dipp] & ,po9t]s1 is n[ high up 9 
! nor!a/]n sky4 ,! ,po9t]s direct u to !
 ,pole ,/>1 7a ( ! ,little ,be> ,ursa   
,m9or74 ,a l9e f ! ,pole ,/> to !       

,gu>dians ( ! ,pole 7b & g7 lies 9 !    
position ( ! m9ute h& ( a clock #ah     
m9utes aft] an h\r4 ,! ,dragon 7,draco7 
ext5ds f betwe5 ! ,be>s to !            
horizon--ea/ ( nor?--:]e its head ) its 
two bright eyes c be se54  ,cepheus is  
l[ d[n1 some:at to ! we/ ( nor?2 8 ,que5
 7,cassiopeia7 ! ,seat$ ,lady1 beside   
him 7a & b m>k ! top rail ( h] *air's   
back72 :ile above h] lies ! poor        
con/ellation ,camelop>dus1 ! ,giraffe4  
,&rom$a1 ! ,*a9$ ,lady1 is 9 ! nor?we/1 
l[ d[n--9 fact1 p>tly set2 ! ,triangles 
& ! ,ram 7,aries7 beside h]1 t[>d ! we/4
 ,above !m is ,p]seus1 ! ,rescu+        
,knight2 & above him1 some:at to ! we/1 
! ,*>iote] 7,auriga74 ,! ,bull          
7,taurus71 ) ! ,pleiades & ! bright     
,aldeb>an1 is 9 ! mid-heav51 due we/2   
,gem9i1 ! ,tw9s1 high]1 & t[>d ! s\?we/4
 ,orion1 bel[ !m1 is already slant+ t[>d
 8 grave1 l[ d[n 9 ! we/2 b5ea? him !   
,h>e1 & 9 ! s\?we/ a "p ( ! ,riv]       
7,eridanus74  ,due s\? is a "p ( ! ,/>  
,%ip 7,argo71 beside :i*1 l[ d[n1 is !  

fooli% ,dove 7,columba71 :ile above     
leaps ! ,great ,dog 7,canis ,major71 ) !
 spl5did ,sirius1 *ief ( all ! />s 9 !  
sky1 m>k+ 8 m\?4  ,high up1 a little we/
 ( nor?1 is ! ,little ,dog 7,canis      
,m9or72 & high]1 a little ea/ ( nor?1 ! 
,crab 7,canc]71 ! d>k con/ellation1 z x 
0 call$ ( old1 ) ! pretty clu/]         
,proesepe1 or ! ,beehive4  ,! ,sea      
,s]p5t 7,hydra7 is re>+ 8 long neck high
 above ! horizon1 be>+ on 8 back1       
absurdly en\gh1 ,noah's ,cup 7,crat]7 & 
,noah's ,rav5 or ,cr[ 7,corvus74  ,ne>ly
 due ea/1 ! ,virg9 7,virgo7 has ris51   
,spica %9+ brightly j above ! horizon4  
,! ,lion 7,leo7 occupies ! mid-space    
above2 ! ,sickle 9 ! ,lion--its h&le    
m>k$ by ae & a1 its curv$ blade by g1 m1
 & e--w at once be recogniz$4 ,! ,hair (
 ,que5 ,b]5ice 7,coma ,b]5ices7 is ne>ly
 due ea/1 & fairly high4 ,betwe5 ?is    
small b rem>kable gr\p & ! ,great ,be>1 
lies ,hevelius's fooli% con/ellation1 ! 
,hunt+ ,dogs 7,canes ,v5atici74 ,la/ly1 
9 ! nor!a/1 ! ,h]dsman 7,botes71 ) !    

orange-yell[ brilliant1 ,arcturus1 is   
ris+1 ?\gh at pres5t1 p>adoxical z x may
 seem1 he lies on 8 back4     ,,night   
,,sky4--,,m>* ,,& ,,april4  ,! ,great   
,be> 7,ursa ,major7 is n[ ne>+ ! po9t   
ov]head1 ! ,po9t]s 7a & b7 aim+ almo/   
directly d[nw>d t[>d ! ,pole ,/>4 ,! l9e
 f ?is /> 7a ( ! ,little ,be>1 ,ursa    
,m9or7 to ! ,gu>dians 7b & g7 is n[ 9 ! 
position ( ! m9ute h& ( a clock ab\t #ac
 m9utes aft] an h\r4  ,cepheus lies     
nor?1 l[ d[n1 ,cassiopeia on 8 left1 !  
,camelop>d above h]1 ,&rom$a j sett+1   
almo/ due nor?we/1 on ! left4 ,p]seus is
 due nor?we/1 r l[1 ! ,*>iote] 7,auriga7
 on 8 left1 b high]4 ,sett+ betwe5 we/ &
 nor?we/ we see ! ,bull 7,taurus71 ) !  
,pleiades & ! ruddy ,aldeb>an4 ,orion is
 almo/ prone 9 8 desc5t t[>d 8 we/]n    
grave4 ,! ,tw9s 7,gem9i7 are due we/1 9 
! mid-heav5s2 ! ,little ,dog 7,canis    
,m9or7 beside !m on _! left1 ! ,crab    
7,canc]7 above1 ! ,great] ,dog 7,canis  
,major7 bel[1 *as+ ! ,h>e 7,lepus7 bel[ 
! horizon4 ,j beh9d ! ,dog ! poop ( !   

,great ,%ip 7,argo7 is also sett+4  ,!  
,sea ,s]p5t 7,hydra7 n[ %[s 8 full l5g?1
 re>+ 8 head high 9 ! s\?4 ,obs]ve !    
d>kness ( ! region ar\nd 8 he>t1 m>k$ by
 ! /> a1 ,alf>d1 ! ,solit>y ,"o4 ,! ,cup
 7,crat]7 & ,cr[ 7,corvus7 /& on 8 back4
  ,! ,sickle 9 ! ,lion 7,leo7 n[ /&s )  
h&le upright1 due s\?4 ,bel[ ! tail />s 
( ! ,lion we see ! ,virg9 7,virgo71 ) ! 
bright ,spica ,azime*4 ,! set ( five    
?ird magnitude />s1 above1 0 call$ by ! 
,arabs1 = reasons n expla9$1 ! ,retreat 
( ! ,h[l+ ,%e ,dog4  ,beh9d ! ,lion1 due
 ea/ & high up1 we see ,coma ,b]5ices1 !
 hair ( ,que5 ,b]5ice1 betwe5 :i* & !   
tail ( ! ,great ,be> we see 9 ! *>t "o  
/> only ( ! ,hunt+ ,dogs 7,canes        
,v5atici74  ,! ,h]dsman 7,botes71 /ill  
on 8 back1 pursues 9 t /rik+ & effective
 position ! ,great ,be>4 ,bel[ ! %\ld]  
/>s ( ! ,h]dsman we see ! ,cr[n 7,corona
 ,borealis71 ne> :i*1 on ! "r1 l[ d[n & 
due ea/1 ! head ( ! ,s]p5t 7,s]p5s7 is  
ris+4 ,h]cules is also ris+1 b 9 !      
nor!a/4  ,la/ly1 ! />s ( ! ,dragon      

7,draco7 c be se5 curv+ f betwe5 !      
,po9t]s & ! ,pole1 r\nd ! ,little ,be>1 
!n back t[>d ,h]cules1 ! head ( !       
,dragon1 ) ! bright eyes1 b & g1 be+ r  
l[ d[n1 & some:at nor? ( nor!a/4        
,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,iv4 ,,night       
,,sky4--,,m>* ,,& ,,april4  ,at #aa     
o'clock3 ,m>4 #h4                       
,at #i o'clock3 ,apr4 #g4 ,at #aj-a_/b  
o'clock3 ,m>4 #af4;,at #i-a_/b          
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,apr4 #ad4 
,at #aj o'clock3 ,m>4 #bc4      ,m>4    
#cj4       ,at #h o'clock3 ,apr4 #bb4   
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4     ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,v4    
,,night ,,sky4--,,april ,,& ,,may4  ,at 
#aa o'clock3 ,apr4 #g4                  
,at #i o'clock3 ,may #g4 ,at #aj-a_/b   
o'clock3 ,apr4 #ad4;,at #i-a_/b         
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,may #ae4  
,at #aj o'clock3 ,apr4 #bb4      ,apr4  

#cj4       ,at #h o'clock3 ,may4 #bb4   
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4   ,,night ,,sky4--,,april ,,&  
,,may4  ,! ,great ,be> 7,ursa ,major7 is
 n[ at its highe/ & ne>ly ov]head1 !    
po9t]s aim+ d[nw>d f high up1 slightly  
we/ ( due nor?4 ,a l9e f ! ,pole ,/>1 7a
 ( ! ,little ,be>1 ,ursa ,m9or7 to !    
,gu>dians ( ! ,pole1 7b & g7 is n[ 9 !  
position ( ! m9ute h& ( a clock #h      
m9utes aft] an h\r4  ,bel[ ! ,little    
,be> we f9d ,cepheus l[ d[n to ! ea/ (  
nor?1 & ,cassiopeia l[ d[n to ! we/ (   
nor?4 ,p]seus1 ! ,rescu]1 is sett+ 9 !  
nor?we/2 ! ,camelop>d is above1 try+ to 
get on 8 feet4  ,! ,*>iote] 7,auriga71 )
 ! bright ,capella1 is ne>+ ! nor?we/]n 
horizon1 foll[$ by ! ,tw9s 7,gem9i71 9 !
 we/4 ,fur!r we/ & high] we f9d ! ,crab 
7,canc]71 bel[ :i* is ! ,little ,dog    
7,canis ,m9or74  ,! s\?we/]n sky is v   

b>r5 ( bright />s4 ,alf>d1 ! he>t ( !   
,sea ,s]p5t1 ,hydra1 %9es "h alone 9 a  
great blank space4 ,above ! ,sea        
,s]p5t's head we see ! ,sickle 9 !      
,lion1 ,leo himself /ret*+ 8 tail to due
 s\?1 v high up4 ,coma ,b]5ices is close
 by1 & ! ,hunt+ ,dogs 7,canes ,v5atici7 
betwe5 ,coma & ! ,great ,be>4  ,9 ! s\?1
 l[] d[n1 we f9d ! ,cr[ 7,corvus71 & !  
,cup 7,crat]71 on ! ,s]p5t's back2 !    
,virg9 7,virgo71 ext5d+ 9 ! mid-heav5s f
 s\!a/ to s\?1 betwe5 ! ,lion's tail & !
 ,cr[4 ,9 ! same direction1 b l[ d[n1 we
 f9d ! head & body ( ! ,c5taur          
7,c5taurus71 suppos$ to h typifi$ !     
patri>*al ,noah4  ,9 ! s\!a/ !          
,scorpion's he>t has j ris51 & betwe5 ! 
head ( ,scorpio & ! ,virg9's robes we   
see ! />s ( ! ,scales 7,libra74  ,due   
ea/1 l[ d[n1 is ! ,s]p5t-,hold]         
7,ophiu*us71 on 8 back--x is ! cu/om>y  
attitude ( heav5ly bodies :5 ris+4 ,!   
,s]p5t 7,s]p5s7 held by him is se5 curv+
 upw>d t[>d ! ,cr[n 7,corona ,borealis74
 ,! ,s]p5t's head is due we/1 & above x 

we see ! bright ,arcturus1 *ief         
brilliant ( ! ,h]dsman 7,botes74  ,9 !  
nor!a/ is ,h]cules1 8 head close to !   
head ( ! ,s]p5t-,hold]4 ,b5ea? 8 feet is
 ! ,lyre 7,lyra7 ) ! brilliant ,vega2 & 
! ,swan 7,cygnus7 has already half ris5 
above ! nor!a/]n horizon4  ,la/ly1 !    
,dragon 7,draco7 curves f betwe5 !      
,po9t]s & ! ,pole1 r\nd ! ,gu>dians t[>d
 ,cepheus1 & !n retorts its head1 )     
gleam+ eyes 7b & g71 t[>d ! heel (      
,h]cules4     ,,night ,,sky4--,,may ,,& 
,,june4  ,! ,great ,be> 7,ursa ,major7  
occupies all ! upp] sky f ! we/ to nor?1
 except a small space occupi$ by !      
,hunt+ ,dogs 7,canes ,v5atici74 ,!      
,po9t]s are 9 ! nor?we/1 almo/          
horizontal4 ,a l9e f ! ,pole ,/> 7a ( ! 
,little ,be>--,ursa ,m9or7 to !         
,gu>dians ( ! ,pole 7b & g7 n[ occupies 
! position ( ! m9ute h& ( a clock #c    
m9utes pa/ an h\r4  ,due nor?1 l[ d[n1  
lies ,cassiopeia1 :ile above1 some:at   
t[>d ! ea/1 we f9d ! inconspicu\s       
con/ellation ,cepheus4 ,! ,camelop>d is 

9 ! we/ ( nor?1 & gett+ upright4  ,l[   
d[n 9 ! nor?we/ lie ! ,*>iote]          
7,auriga71 & ! head />s ( ! ,tw9s       
7,gem9i7 fur!r we/4 ,! ,crab 7,canc]7 is
 ne>ly due we/1 ! ,sea ,s]p5t 7,hydra7  
hold+ 8 head almo/ exactly to ! we/     
po9t4 ,above is ! ,sickle 9 ! ,lion1 its
 blade curv$ d[nw>d1 & ! tail ( ! ,lion 
7,leo7 lies above1 t[>d ! s\? ( we/4    
,on ! ,s]p5t's back we f9d ! ,cup       
7,crat]7 & ! ,cr[ 7,corvus71 9 ! s\?we/ 
& to ! s\? ( s\?we/ respectively4 ,above
 ^! con/ellations1 & ext5d+ beyond ! s\?
 t[>d ! ea/1 ! ,virg9 7,virgo7 occupies 
! mid-heav5s4  ,above ! ,virg9 we see ! 
,h]dsman 7,botes71 8 head & %\ld]s ne>ly
 ov]head4 ,l[ d[n 9 ! s\? is ! ,c5taur  
7,c5taurus71 be>+ on 8 spe> ! ,wolf     
7,lupus7 z an (f]+ = ! ,alt> 7,ara71    
:i*1 h[ev]1 is invisible 9 ^! latitudes4
 ,above ! ,wolf we see ! ,scales        
7,libra71 :ile ! ,scorpion 7,scorpio71  
"o ( ! few con/ellations :i* c at once  
be recogniz$ by its %ape1 is ris+       
balefully 9 ! s\!a/4  ,! ,s]p5t ,be>]   

7,ophiu*us7 be>s ! ,s]p5t 7,s]p5s7 9 !  
mid-heav5s t[>d ! s\!a/1 ! ,cr[n        
7,corona ,borealis7 be+ high up 9 ! ea/1
 close by ! ,s]p5t's head4  ,l[ d[n 9 ! 
ea/ is ! ,eagle 7,aquila71 ) ! f9e      
/eel-blue /> ,altair1 ! ,swan on ! left 
ab\t nor!a/1 & above x ! ,lyre 7,lyra71 
) ! /ill m brilliant /eel-blue /> ,vega4
 ,h]cules occupies ! space betwe5 !     
,lyre on ! "o side & ! ,cr[n & !        
,s]p5t's head on ! o!r4 ,he is high up1 
due ea/4  ,la/ly1 ! ,dragon w9ds f      
betwe5 ! ,po9t]s & ! ,pole r\nd !       
,little ,be>1 t[>d ,cepheus1 & !n ea/w>d
 t[>d ! feet ( ,h]cules1 close by :i* we
 see 8 head & gleam+ eyes 7b & g74      
,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,vi4 ,,night       
,,sky4--,,may ,,& ,,june4  ,at #aa      
o'clock3 ,may #g4                       
,at #i o'clock3 ,june #g4 ,at #aj-a_/b  
o'clock3 ,may #ae4;,at #i-a_/b o'clock3 
,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,june #ad4 ,at #aj 
o'clock3 ,may #bb4      ,may #cj4       
,at #h o'clock3 ,june #bb4  ,/>s ( !    
fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2 second  

magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird magnitude1   
five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a few71     
f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v few71      
?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to page #d4
     ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,vii4 ,,night 
,,sky4--,,june ,,& ,,july4  ,at #aa     
o'clock3 ,june #g4                      
,at #i o'clock3 ,july #g4 ,at #aj-a_/b  
o'clock3 ,june #ad4;,at #i-a_/b         
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,july #ad4 
,at #aj o'clock3 ,june #bb4      ,june  
#cj4       ,at #h o'clock3 ,july #bb4   
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4   ,,night ,,sky4--,,june ,,&   
,,july4  ,! ,great ,be> 7,ursa ,major7  
is 9 ! mid-heav5s t[>d ! nor?we/1 !     
,po9t]s n f> f ! horizontal position4   
,!y direct u to ! ,pole ,/> 7a ( !      
,little ,be>1 ,ursa ,m9or74 ,! l9e f ?is
 /> to ! ,gu>dians ( ! ,pole1 b & g1 is 
9 ab\t ! position ( ! m9ute h& ( a clock

 #b m9utes be=e an h\r4 ,! ,dragon      
7,draco7 curls ov] ! ,little ,be>1 curv+
 upw>d on ! ea/1 to :]e its head1 high  
up 9 ! nor!a/1 is m>k$ by ! gleam+ eyes1
 b & g4 ,"u ! ,little ,be>1 ! ,camelop>d
 has at la/ come upright4  ,l[ d[n 9 !  
we/ ! ,lion 7,leo7 is sett+4 ,! po9t ( !
 ,sickle 9 ! ,lion is turn$ t[>d !      
horizon2 ! h&le 7m>k$ by a & ae7 is     
ne>ly horizontal4 ,above ! ,lion's tail 
is ,b]5ice's ,hair 7,coma ,b]5ices72 &  
betwe5 t & ! ,great ,be>'s tail our *>t 
%[s a solit>y /> ( ! ,hunt+ ,dogs       
7,canes ,v5atici74 ,! ,cr[ 7,corvus7 is 
l[ d[n 9 ! s\?we/1 ! ,cup 7,crat]7      
beside x1 p>tly set1 on ! "r4 ,above is 
,virgo1 ! ,virg94 ,/ill high] 9 !       
s\?we/--9 fact1 ) head close to ! po9t  
ov]head--is ! ,h]dsman 7,botes71 ! ,cr[n
 7,corona ,borealis7 ne> 8 s\!rn %\ld]  
m>k+ :at 0 once ! ,h]dsman's uplift$    
arm4  ,l[ d[n betwe5 ! s\? & s\?we/ we  
f9d ! head & %\ld]s ( ! ,c5taur         
7,c5taurus71 :o holds ! ,wolf 7,lupus7  
due s\?4 ,above ! ,wolf are ! ,scales   

7,libra71 & above ^! ! ,s]p5t 7,s]p5s71 
8 head 9 ! s\?1 /ret*+ t[>d ! ,cr[n4 ,9 
! mid-sky1 t[>d ! s\!a/1 we f9d ! ,s]p5t
 ,be>] 7,ophiu*us--"o /> ( ! ,s]p5t lies
 ea/ ( him74 ,bel[ ! ,s]p5t ,be>] we f9d
 ! ,scorpion 7,scorpio71 n[ fully ris51 
& %[+ truly scorpionic =m4 ,beside !    
,scorpion is ! ,ar*] 7,sagitt>ius71 l[  
d[n 9 ! s\!a/4 ,to 8 left we see1 l[    
d[n1 two />s m>k+ ! head ( ! ,sea ,goat 
7,capricornus71 & "o belong+ to ! ,wat] 
,be>] 7,aqu>ius74 ,above ! ,sea ,goat   
flies ! ,eagle 7,aquila71 ) ! bright /> 
,altair2 & above1 ne> ! po9t ov]head1 is
 ! kneel+ ,h]cules4 ,due ea/1 we see "p 
( ! ,w+$ ,horse 7,pegasus72 above t1 !  
little ,dolph9 7,delph9us71 & high]1 !  
,swan 7,cygnus7 & ! ,lyre 7,lyra71 ) !  
beautiful blui%-:ite /> ,vega4  ,la/ly1 
l[ d[n1 betwe5 nor? & nor!a/1 we f9d !  
,seat$ ,lady 7,cassiopeia72 & above1    
some:at ea/w>dly1 ! inconspicu\s        
con/ellation ,cepheus1 ,cassiopeia's    
royal husb&4     ,,night ,,sky4--,,july 
,,& ,,augu/4  ,! ,great ,be> 7,ursa     

,major7 is n[ 9 ! nor?we/1 8 paws ne> ! 
horizon4 ,! ,po9t]s 7a & b7 direct u to 
! ,pole ,/>1 7a ( ! ,little ,be>1 ,ursa 
,m9or74 ,a l9e f ! ,pole ,/> to !       
,gu>dians ( ! ,pole is 9 ! position ( ! 
m9ute h& ( a clock ab\t #g m9utes be=e  
an h\r4 ,bel[ ! ,little ,be> we see !   
,camelop>d1 a little to ! ea/ ( due     
nor?4 ,! ,dragon 7,draco7 curves r\nd f 
betwe5 ! ,po9t]s & ! ,pole1 above !     
,little ,be> t[>d ! ea/1 !n upw>d to ne>
 ! po9t ov]head1 its head1 ) ! bright   
/>s b & g1 be+ highe/4 ,l[ d[n 9 ! we/  
we see ,b]5ice's ,hair 7,coma ,b]5ices71
 & "o /> ( ! ,hunt+ ,dogs 7,canes       
,v5atici7 is se5 9 ! *>t betwe5 ,coma & 
! ,great ,be>4 ,! ,h]dsman ,botes7      
occupies ! mid-heav5 9 ! we/1 ! ,cr[n   
7,corona ,borealis7 high] up1 & due we/1
 ,h]cules1 betwe5 ! ,cr[n & ! po9t      
ov]head4  ,l[ d[n1 ext5d+ f ! we/ to ne>
 ! s\?we/1 we f9d ! ,virg9 7,virgo71 !  
bright ,spica ne> its sett+ place4 ,9 ! 
s\?we/ are ! ,scales 7,libra71 & f>!r to
 ! left1 ext5d+ f ! ,scales to l[ d[n   

ne> ! s\?1 we f9d ! ,scorpion           
7,scorpio71 "o ( ! f9e/ ( !             
con/ellations1 ,ant>es1 ! rival ( ,m>s  
7z ! "n means71 m>k+ its he>t4 ,above ! 
,scorpion & ! ,scales are ! ,s]p5t ,be>]
 7,s]p5t>ius or ,ophiu*us7 & ! ,s]p5t   
7,s]p5s71 ext5d+ "r across him to ne> ! 
,cr[n1 aft] :i* ! ,s]p5t seems rea*+4   
,a little ea/ due s\?1 l[ d[n1 we f9d ! 
,ar*] 7,sagitt>ius72 9 ! s\!a/1 l[ d[n1 
! ,sea ,goat 7,capricornus72 & f>!r ea/1
 & l[] d[n1 ! ,wat] ,be>] 7,aqu>ius74   
,above ! ,sea ,goat is ! ,eagle         
7,aquila71 ) ! bright blui%-:ite />     
,altair2 on its left ! pretty little    
,dolph9 7,delph9us71 & above ! ,dolph91 
ne>ly ov]head1 ! ,lyre 7,lyra71 ) !     
blui%-:ite /> ,vega 7ev5 bright] ?an    
,altair7 ne>ly ov]head4  ,bel[ ! ,lyre  
we see ! ,swan 7,cygnus71 due ea/2 &    
bel[ ! ,swan ! ,w+$ ,horse 7,pegasus71  
upside d[n1 z usual4  ,9 ! nor!a/1      
,&rom$a1 ! ,*a9$ ,lady1 is ris+1 h] head
 m>k$ by ! /> a 7:i* 0 also call$ d (   
,pegasus74 7,! ,squ>e ( ,pegasus is =m$ 

by a ( ,&rom$a & a1 b1 & g ( ,pegasus47 
,betwe5 ! nor? & nor!a/ is ,cassiopeia1 
! ,seat$ ,lady1 & above h]1 h] husb&1   
,k+ ,cepheus4 ,& la/ly ,p]seus is j     
ris+1 betwe5 ! nor? & nor!a/4           
,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,viii4 ,,night     
,,sky4--,,july ,,& ,,augu/4  ,at #aa    
o'clock3 ,july #g4                      
,at #i o'clock3 ,aug4 #g4 ,at #aj-a_/b  
o'clock3 ,july #ad4;,at #i-a_/b         
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,aug4 #ad4 
,at #aj o'clock3 ,july #bb4      ,july  
#cj4       ,at #h o'clock3 ,aug4 #bb4   
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4     ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,ix4  
,,night ,,sky4--,,augu/ ,,& ,,septemb]4 
,at #aa o'clock3 ,aug4 #g4              
,at #i o'clock3 ,sept4 #f4 ,at #aj-a_/b 
o'clock3 ,aug4 #ad4;,at #i-a_/b         
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,sept4 #ad4
 ,at #aj o'clock3 ,aug4 #bb4     ,aug4  

#bi4        ,at #h o'clock3 ,sept4 #ba4 
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4   ,,night ,,sky4--,,augu/ ,,&  
,,septemb]4  ,! ,great ,be> 7,ursa      
,major7 is l[ d[n1 betwe5 nor?we/ &     
nor?1 ! ,po9t]s 7a & b7 direct$ slant+ly
 upw>d t[>d ! ,pole4 ,a l9e f ! ,pole   
,/> 7a ( ! ,little ,be>1 ,ursa ,m9or7 to
 ! ,gu>dians ( ! ,pole 7b & g71 is 9 !  
position ( ! m9ute h& ( a clock #ab     
m9utes be=e an h\r4 ,betwe5 ! ,great    
,be> & ! ,little ,be> run ! />s ( !     
,dragon 7,draco71 r\nd ! ,little ,be>   
t[>d ! nor?1 !nce t[>d ! nor?we/1 :]e we
 see ! head ( ! ,dragon high up1 its two
 bright eyes1 b & g1 direct$ t[>d       
,h]cules1 :i* occupies ! we/]n          
mid-heav54 ,above ,h]cules is ,lyra1 !  
,lyre1 ) ! bright /eel-blue /> ,vega    
high up t[>d ! po9t ov]head4 ,"r ov]head
 is ! ,swan 7,cygnus74  ,l[ d[n 9 !     

nor?we/ we see 9 ! *>t "o /> ( ! ,hunt+ 
,dogs 7,canes ,v5atici74 ,ne>] ! we/ /&s
 ! ,h]dsman1 r slant+ =w>d1 h[ev]1 ) !  
,cr[n 7,corona ,borealis7 on 8 left1    
almo/ due we/4 ,! long w9d+ ,s]p5t      
7,s]p5s7 runs f ne> ! ,cr[n 7:]e we see 
its head due we/7 to f>!r s\? ?an       
s\?we/1 high up on ! we/]n side ( !     
,s]p5t ,hold] 7,s]p5t>ius or ,ophiu*us71
 n[ /&+ upright 9 ! s\?we/4 ,l[ d[n     
creeps ! ,scorpion 7,scorpio71 its he>t 
,ant>es1 rival ( ,m>s1 9 ! s\?we/1 ! end
 ( its tail betwe5 s\? & s\?we/4 ,above 
& s\? ( ! ,scorpion's tail we see !     
,ar*] 7,sagitt>ius74  ,due s\?1 & high  
up1 is ! ,eagle 7,aquila71 its tail at z
 & e1 its head at ?1 ! bright /eel-blue 
,altair m>k+ its body4 ,on ! left1 or   
ea/1 ( ! ,eagle lies ! neat little      
,dolph9 7,delph9us74 ,midway betwe5 !   
,dolph9 & ! horizon is ! tip ( ! tail ( 
! ,sea ,goat 7,capricornus71 ^: head    
lies ne>ly due s\?4  ,on ! s\!rn horizon
 is ! head ( ! ,indian 7,indus72 on its 
left a "p ( ! ,crane 7,grus71 & l[ d[n 9

 ! s\!a/ lies ,fomalhaut1 ! *ief        
brilliant ( ! ,s\!rn ,fi% 7,piscis      
,au/ralis74 ,above lies ! ,wat] ,be>]   
7,aqu>ius71 9 ! s\?we/]n mid-heav54     
,due ea/1 fairly high1 is ! ,squ>e (    
,pegasus1 ! head ( ! ,w+$ ,horse1       
,pegasus ly+ close by ! ,wat] ,pit*] (  
,aqu>ius 7m>k$ by ! />s z1 g1 & a74  ,! 
,fi%es 7,pisces7 are l[ d[n 9 ! ea/4 ,a 
few />s ( ! ,:ale 7,cetus7 are se5 on _!
 "r1 v l[ d[n4 ,on ! left ( ,pisces we  
see ! ,ram 7,aries71 l[ d[n2 above x !  
,triangle2 & above t ! ,*a9$ ,lady      
7,&rom$a74  ,l[ d[n 9 ! nor!a/ is !     
,rescu+ ,knight 7,p]seus72 above :om is 
,cassiopeia1 & on h] left1 high] up1 !  
inconspicu\s con/ellation ,cepheus4     
,la/ly1 imm$iately bel[ ,cepheus1 we f9d
 ! ,camelop>d1 bel[ :i*1 v l[ d[n1      
betwe5 nor? & nor!a/1 is ! ,*>iote]     
7,auriga71 ! brilliant ,capella be+ j   
above ! horizon4     ,,night            
,,sky4--,,septemb] ,,& ,,octob]4  ,l[   
d[n1 betwe5 nor? & nor?we/1 we f9d !    
sev5 />s ( ! ,dipp]1 ! ,po9t]s on ! "r  

ne>ly due nor?4 ,!y direct u to ! ,pole 
,/>4 ,! ,gu>dians ( ! ,pole 7b & g ( !  
,little ,be>1 ,ursa ,m9or7 lie 9 a      
direction f ! ,pole ,/> correspond+ to t
 ( ! m9ute h& ( a clock ab\t #ag m9utes 
be=e an h\r4 ,betwe5 ! ,po9t]s & ! ,pole
 ,/> we f9d ! tip ( ! ,dragon's tail3 !n
 pass+ r\nd ! ,little ,be> ) ! ,dragon's
 long tra9 ( ?ird magnitude />s1 we     
come1 aft] a b5d1 to ! ,dragon's head1 )
 ! two bright eyes1 a & b--7"p ( !      
,dragon's nose has be5 borr[$ by        
,h]cules74 ,^! two />s are almo/ exactly
 midway betwe5 ! horizon & ! po9t       
ov]head1 & ne>ly nor?we/4 ,k+           
,cepheus--n a v conspicu\s              
con/ellation--lies betwe5 ! po9t ov]head
 & ! ,little ,be>4  ,l[ d[n 9 ! nor?we/ 
we f9d ! head ( ! ,h]dsman 7,botes74 ,! 
,cr[n 7,corona ,borealis71 :i* no "o c  
mi/ake1 lies on 8 left2 & close by is ! 
sett+ head ( ! ,s]p5t4 ,above ^! ?ree   
gr\ps we see ,h]cules--! ,kneel]--8 head
 at a1 8 uprais$ club by g4 ,above !    
head ( ,h]cules we f9d ! ,lyre1 ) !     

bright /> ,vega2 & above t ! ,swan4     
,pass+ s\?w>d1 we see ! ,s]p5t-,hold]   
7,s]p5t>ius or ,ophiu*us71 beyond :om   
lies ! ,s]p5t's tail2 a mo/ inconv5i5t  
arrangem5t1 z ! ,s]p5t is divid$ into   
two p>ts4 ,almo/ exactly s\!a/1 & l[    
d[n1 are ! />s ( ! ,ar*] 7,sagitt>ius72 
:ile above1 9 ! mid-sky1 we see ! ,eagle
 7,aquila71 ) ! bright ,altair4 ,note ! 
neat little con/ellation ! ,dolph9      
7,delph9us71 close by4  ,due s\? is !   
,crane 7,grus72 above x ! ,s\!rn ,fi%1 )
 ! bright /> ,fomalhaut4 ,above t ! ,sea
 ,goat 7,capricornus71 & on ! left ( ?is
 ! ,wat] ,be>] 7,aqu>ius72 "o c         
recognize 8 wat] pit*]1 m>k$ by ! />s b1
 g1 & a4  ,t[>d ! we/1 high up1 is !    
,w+$ ,horse 7,pegasus72 he is upside d[n
 j n[4 ,bel[ lies ! ,:ale 7,cetus71 or r
 ! ,sea ,mon/]4 ,i h my own notion ab\t 
,cetus1 reg>d+ him z an ic?yosaurus3 b t
 is nei!r "h nor !re4 ,! /> o ( ?is     
con/ellation is call$ ,mira2 x is a     
wond]ful v>iable />4 ,! ,fi%es 7,pisces7
 may be se5 betwe5 ! ,:ale & ,pegasus4  

,few con/ellations h suff]$ m ?an       
,pisces by ! break+ up ( /> gr\ps4 ,!   
,fi%es !mselves are n[ lo/ 9 ,&rom$a &  
,pegasus4  ,note h[ on ! left ( ,pisces 
! ,ram 7,aries7 be>s al(t ,&rom$a1 !    
,*a9$ ,lady 7^: head lies at a71 z      
,milton set ,aries do+ long s9ce4 ,!    
,triangles s]ve only z a saddle4 ,betwe5
 ,&rom$a & h] fa!r1 ,cepheus1 we f9d h] 
"m1 ,cassiopeia1 or r ,cassiopeia's     
,*air4 7,( c\rse b1 a1 & g m>k ! *air's 
back47 ,p]seus1 ! ,rescu]1 lies bel[2 b 
is ! fam\s v>iable ,algol4 ,bel[ him    
lies ! ,bull 7,taurus71 ) ! ,pleiades & 
! bright ,aldeb>an4 ,l[ d[n to ! left ( 
! ,bull1 we f9d ! ,*>iote] 7,auriga71 ) 
! bright ,capella4 ,& la/ly1 anyone :o  
likes may admire ! ,camelop>d           
7,camelop>dalis71 betwe5 ! ,great ,be>1 
,cepheus1 & ! ,*>iote]4   ,illu/ration3 
,,map ,x4 ,,night ,,sky4--,,septemb] ,,&
 ,,octob]4  ,at #aa o'clock3 ,sept4 #g4 
,at #i o'clock3 ,oct4 #g4 ,at #aj-a_/b  
o'clock3 ,sept4 #ad4;,at #i-a_/b        
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,oct4 #ae4 

,at #aj o'clock3 ,sept4 #ba4      ,sept4
 #cj4      ,at #h o'clock3 ,oct4 #bb4   
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4     ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,xi4  
,,night ,,sky4--,,octob] ,,& ,,novemb]4 
,at #aa o'clock3 ,oct4 #g4              
,at #i o'clock3 ,nov4 #g4 ,at #aj-a_/b  
o'clock3 ,oct4 #ae4;,at #i-a_/b         
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,nov4 #ad4 
,at #aj o'clock3 ,oct4 #bb4      ,oct4  
#cj4       ,at #h o'clock3 ,nov4 #bb4   
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4   ,,night ,,sky4--,,octob] ,,& 
,,novemb]4  ,! ,dipp] lies l[1 ! ,po9t]s
 a little ea/ ( nor?4 ,!y direct to !   
,pole ,/>4 ,! ,gu>dians ( ! ,pole 7b & g
 ( ! ,little ,be>1 ,ursa ,m9or7 lie 9 a 

direction f ! pole /> correspond+ to t (
 ! m9ute h& ( a clock ab\t #bb m9utes   
be=e an h\r4 ,betwe5 ! ,po9t]s & ,pole  
,/> lies ! tip ( ! ,dragon's ,tail4     
,sweep+ ar\nd ! ,little ,be> 7,ursa     
,m9or7 we f9d ! />s ( ! ,dragon 7,draco7
 curv+ back by ! /> d to ! ,dragon's    
,head1 ) ! two bright eyes1 g & b4      
,above is ! inconspicu\s con/ellation   
,cepheus2 & some:at high]1 ! />s (      
,cassiopeia1 a & b1 m>k+ ! top rail ( ! 
,seat$ ,lady's ,*air4  ,l[ d[n 9 !      
nor?we/ ,h]cules is sett+4 ,above is !  
,lyre1 ) ! bright /eel-blue ,vega2 &    
above t ! />s ( ! ,swan 7,cygnus71 :i*  
has sometimes be5 call$ ! ,nor!rn       
,cross4  ,ne>ly due we/ we f9d ! ,eagle 
7,aquila71 z & e m>k+ its tail1 ? !     
head4 ,above ! ,eagle is ! pretty little
 con/ellation ,delph9us1 ! ,dolph94  ,9 
! s\?we/1 r l[1 is ! ,sea ,goat         
7,capricornus72 above & to ! s\? ( him !
 ,wat] ,be>] 7,aqu>ius71 ) 8 pit*]1 m>k$
 by ! />s1 a1 g1 & z4 ,! head ( ! ,w+$  
,horse1 ,pegasus1 n[ upside d[n 79 fact1

 he is seldom o!rwise71 is j above ?is  
gr\p4 ,! ,squ>e ( ,pegasus w be notic$  
high up1 due s\?4 ,! /> a ( ,&rom$a1 "o 
( ! corn]s ( ?is squ>e1 us$ to be also  
call$ d ( ,pegasus4  ,mu* att5tion ne$ n
 be direct$ to ! ,pho5ix1 l[ 9 ! s\!rn  
horizon4 ,! ,riv] ,eridanus is com+ well
 into view2 & ! great ,sea ,mon/]       
7,cetus7 n[ %[s f9ely1 8 head at a & g1 
8 paddles at z & t4 ,! ,fi%es 7,pisces7 
are above2 ! ,ram 7,aries7 above !m &   
ea/w>d1 ly+ t[>d ! s\!a/2 !n ! ,triangle
 7,triangula1 or ! ,triangles1 accord+  
to mod]n maps71 & ! ,*a9$ ,lady         
7,&rom$a7 too ne>ly ov]head to be v     
pleasantly obs]v$4 ,! great nebula 9 :i*
 ! new /> rec5tly appe>$ is ne> ! po9t  
ov]head4  ,! gr& giant ,orion is ris+ 9 
! ea/2 above him ! ,bull 7,taurus7 ) !  
,pleiades4 ,l[ d[n 9 ! nor!a/ ! ,tw9s   
7,gem9i7 are ris+2 above is ! ,*>iote]  
7,auriga71 & above him ! ,rescu+ ,knight
 7,p]seus71 ( fair-hair$ ,danae born4 ,!
 ,camelop>d is h>dly wor? notic+1 except
 z m>k+ a b>r5 region ( ! heav5s4       

,,night ,,sky4--,,novemb] ,,& ,,decemb]4
  ,! ,great ,be> 7,ursa ,major7 is      
beg9n+ to rise above ! nor!a/ 7by nor?7 
horizon4 ,! end ( ! ,dipp]'s h&le is    
hidd54 ,a l9e f ! ,pole ,/> 7t[>d :i* ! 
,po9t]s direct ! obs]v]7 to ! ,gu>dians 
( ! pole 7b & g ( ! ,little ,be>1 ,ursa 
,m9or71 is n[ 9 ! position ( ! m9ute h& 
( a clock #bg m9utes be=e an h\r4 ,! />s
 ( ! ,dragon w9d r\nd bel[ ! ,little    
,be> t[>d ! we/1 ! head ( ! ,dragon ) ! 
gleam+ eyes 7oblique retort$ t askant   
ca/ gleam+ fire7 be+ l[ d[n1 a little   
nor? ( nor?we/4 ,above is ,k+ ,cepheus1 
& above him 8 que51 ! ,seat$ ,lady      
7,cassiopeia72 _! daught]1 ! ,*a9$ ,lady
 7,&rom$a7 be+ ne>ly ov]head4  ,l[ d[n 9
 ! nor?we/ we see ! ,lyre 7,lyra71 ) !  
bright ,vega2 & close by t[>d ! we/ !   
,swan 7,cygnus71 or ,nor!rn ,cross4 ,!  
,eagle is sett+ 9 ! we/1 & ! ,little    
,dolph9 ne>s ! we/]n horizon4  ,t[>d !  
s\?we/ 7by we/7 we see ! ,wat] ,be>]    
7,aqu>ius71 ) 8 pit*] 7b1 g1 a71 close  
by :i* is ! head ( ! ,w+$ ,horse        

7,pegasus74 ,9 ! s\?1 l[ d[n1 is !      
absurd ,pho5ix2 above1 ! ,sea ,mon/]1 or
 ,:ale 7,cetus72 above him1 ! ,fi%es    
7,pisces72 above !m1 ! ,ram 7,aries72   
:ile ne>ly ov]head lies ! ,triangle1 9  
reality ! ,triangles 7,triangula74  ,!  
,riv] 7,eridanus7 occupies ! s\!a/]ly   
sky4 ,! ,dove & ,great ,dog 7,columba & 
,canis ,major7 are ris+ 9 ! s\!a/4 ,!   
glori\s ,orion has n[ come well into    
view1 ?\gh n yet s upright z we c\ld wi%
 a knightly hunt] to be4 ,he treads on !
 ,h>e 7,lepus71 & faces ! ,bull         
7,taurus7 above4  ,due ea/ we f9d !     
,crab 7,canc]71 & ,little ,dog 7,canis  
,m9or7 l[ d[n2 ! ,tw9s 7,gem9i7 high]2  
above !m ! ,*>iote] 7,auriga71 ) !      
bright ,capella1 & ,p]seus ! ,rescu]    
ne>+ ! po9t ov]head4 ,9 ! mid-space     
betwe5 ,p]seus1 ,auriga1 & ! two ,be>s1 
we f9d ! ridicul\s con/ellation         
,camelop>dus1 or ! ,giraffe4            
,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,xii4 ,,night      
,,sky4--,,novemb] ,,& ,,decemb]4  ,at   
#aa o'clock3 ,nov4 #g4                  

,at #i o'clock3 ,dec4 #g4 ,at #aj-a_/b  
o'clock3 ,nov4 #ad4;,at #i-a_/b         
o'clock3,at #h-a_/b o'clock3 ,dec4 #ae4 
,at #aj o'clock3 ,nov4 #bb4      ,nov4  
#cj4       ,at #h o'clock3 ,dec4 #bc4   
,/>s ( ! fir/ magnitude are eight-po9t$2
 second magnitude1 six-po9t$2 ?ird      
magnitude1 five-po9t$2 f\r? magnitude 7a
 few71 f\r-po9t$2 fif? magnitude 7v     
few71 ?ree-po9t$4 ,= /> names ref] to   
page #d4