file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #bcbei-;h4htm or #bcbei-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#b_/c_ /b_/e_/bcbei_/bcbei-;h_/#bcbei-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#b_/c_ /b_/e_/bcbei_/bcbei-;h4zip7 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,text 9 italics is indicat$ ) und]scores1 e4g41 italic4 ,text 9 bold is indicat$ ) p\nd signs1 e4g41 bold4 ,,home ,,taxid]my ,,= ,,pleasure ,,& ,,pr(it ,a ,guide = ^? :o wi% to prep>e & m\nt animals1 birds1 fi%1 reptiles1 etc41 = home1 d51 or (fice decoration by ,,alb]t ,b4 ,,f>nham1 ,taxid]mi/ ,illu/ration3 ,,:oo ,,said ,,wise ,,old ,,owl4 ,publi%$ by ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+1 ,publi%] ,columbus1 ,ohio ,copyright1 #aidd ,by ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+ ,pub4 ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alb]t ,b4 ,,f>nham1 ,au?or ,,cont5ts ,,*apt]4 ,,page4 ,,introductory #ac ,i4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,art #ag ,,ii4 ,,outfit--,,tools ,,& ,,mat]ials #ba ,,iii4 ,,pres]vative ,,prep>ations1 ,,=mula1 ,,etc4 #ch ,,iv4 ,,panels1 ,,%ields ,,& ,,natural ,,& ,,artificial ,,m\nts #dh ,v4 ,,field ,,"w1 ,,collect+ #ei ,,vi4 ,,sk9n+ ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,sk9s #fd ,,vii4 ,,mak+ ,,sci5tific ,,sk9s #gg ,,viii4 ,,prep>+ ,,dry ,,& ,,wet ,,sk9s ,,= ,,m\nt+ #hd ,,ix4 ,,m\nt+ ,,small ,,& ,,m$ium ,,birds #hg ,x4 ,,m\nt+ ,,l>ge ,,birds #ih ,,xi4 ,,tann+1 ,,clean+1 ,,& ,,poison+ ,,sk9s #ajb ,,xii4 ,,mak+ ,,animal ,,fur ,,rugs #aaj ,,xiii4 ,,fur ,,robes ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m #abc ,,xiv4 ,,m\nt+ ,,entire ,,small ,,animals #aca ,,xv4 ,,m\nt+ ,,l>ge ,,animals #ada ,,xvi4 ,,m\nt+ ,,heads ,,( ,,small ,,animals1 ,,birds ,,& ,,fi% #aea ,,xvii4 ,,m\nt+ ,,heads ,,( ,,l>ge ,,game #aee ,,xviii4 ,,m\nt+ ,,horns ,,& ,,antl]s #afe ,,xix4 ,,m\nt+ ,,feet ,,& ,,ho(s #agc ,,xx4 ,,m\nt+ ,,fi% #agh ,,xxi4 ,,m\nt+ ,,fi%--,,baumg>tel ,,me?od #ahe ,,xxii4 ,,m\nt+ ,,reptiles1 ,,frogs ,,& ,,toads #bjc ,,xxiii4 ,,skulls ,,& ,,skeletons #bjf ,,xxiv4 ,,sportsm5',s ,,trophies #baa ,,xxv4 ,,odds ,,& ,,ends1 ,,taxid]my ,,novelties #baf ,,xxvi4 ,,gr\ps ,,& ,,gr\p+ #bba ,,xxvii4 ,,animal ,,anatomy #bbd ,,xxviii4 ,,ca/+ ,,& ,,modell+ #bbg ,,xxix4 ,,m>ket ,,trophy ,,hunt+ #bcc ,,xxx4 ,,collect+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,,= ,,sale #bch ,,xxxi4 ,,prices ,,= ,,"w #bda ,li/ ( ,illu/rations ,page4 ,:oo8 ,said ,wise ,old ,owl ,frontispiece ,a ,specim5 ( ! ,e>ly ,day #ah ,"w ,table1 ,supplies1 ,tools1 ,etc4 #bb ,home ,made ,tools #bd ,taxid]mi/s ,tools #bg ,taxid]mi/s ,tools--,scalpels1 ,scissors1 ,/uff]s #bh ,egg ,drill & ,o!r ,tools #bi ,glass ,eyes = ,animals1 ,birds1 ,fi% #ca ,sizes ( ,glass ,eyes #cc ,sizes ( ,glass ,eyes 7,/yle #a7 #cd ,%ields--,v>i\s ,k9ds & ,sizes #di ,%ields1 ,foot & ,hall ,rack #ej ,gun ,rack1 ,fi% & ,game ,panels1 ,hall ,rack #ea ,"s ,%ields & ,panels #eb ,home ,made ,%ield #ed ,small ,bird #ee ,m>bles ,%ot ,gun & ,rifle ,comb9$ #fj ,! ,/op ,?ief or ,*oke ,trap #fa ,outl9e ( ,muskrat #fe ,sk9n+ ,small ,animal = ,m\nt+ #ff ,sk9n+ ,l>ge ,animal = ,m\nt+ #fi ,sk9n+ ,bird--,brea/ ,cut #gj ,hood$ ,m]gans] #ga ,op5+ ,cut on ,bird #gc ,sci5tific ,sk9s1 ,small ,animals & ,birds #hj ,foot ,sk9n$ ,out #hf ,cl9*+ ,leg ,wires 9 ,artificial ,bird ,body #hh ,wire ,loop = ,bird ,body #hi ,wir+ ,leg ( ,bird #ij ,bird ,wir$ #ib ,bird ,w\nd ,) ,?read #ie ,pose or ,position ( ,c]ta9 ,birds #if ,natural ,/&+ ,position ( ,small ,bird #ig ,flutt]+ ,position ( ,small ,birds #ig ,a ,bird ( ,prey--,limb ,position #ih ,spread+ ,tail ( ,l>ge ,birds #ii ,eagle--,w+s ,brac$ up to ,dry #ajj ,fle%+ ,knife #ajb ,b5* ,beam #ajc ,adju/able ,beam #ajc ,pap] ,head ,=ms--,fox #aaa ,pap] ,head ,=m--,dog ,clos$ ,m\? #aab ,f\ndation = ,t[ & ,excelsior #aac ,sew+ up ,bullet ,hole #aad ,p9k$ ,l9+1 ,bri> ,/it*$ #aah ,sew+ ,trimm+ on ,rug #aah ,coyote ,rug1 ,op5 ,m\? #aba ,coon ,sk9 ,m>k$ to ,cut = ,robe #abe ,/rong ,hide 7,cattle7 ,laprobe #abf ,eight ,sk9 ,coyote ,laprobe #abg ,patagonian ,robe ( ,guanaco ,sk9s #abi ,muskrat ,legs ,wrapp$ ,ready to ,clay #acb ,wir+ = ,small ,animals #acc ,opossum ,m\nt$ 9 ,walk+ ,position #acg ,cat ,sitt+ & ,wat*+ #aci ,frame = ,be> ,manik9 #adc ,bolt+ ,leg ,rods to ,/& #ade ,fa/5+ ,rods to ,back ,bo>d #adi ,wild ,cat ,head ,m\nt$ on ,%ield #aea ,fox ,head on ,neck ,/&>d #aeb ,leop>d ,head1 ,artificial #aec ,hawk ,head #aec ,%eep ,head #aee ,sk9n+ ,horn$ ,heads #aef ,horn$ ,heads--,antelope1 ,de] #aeg ,de] ,skull on ,/&>d #aeh ,neck ,bo>d #aei ,pap] ,head & ,e> ,=ms #afa ,f9i%$ ,head--,au?or's ,"w #afb ,elk & ,de] ,head ,pap] ,=ms #afc ,bolt+ ,%$ ,antl]s to ,block #afh ,%$ ,elk ,antl]s to be ,m\nt$ #afi ,a ,good ,%ield ,patt]n #aga ,de] ,antl]s1 ,elk ,feet1 ,bison ,horns #agb ,wood5 ,crook = ,de] ,foot #agc ,sk9n$ ,de] ,foot #agd ,de] ,foot ,ink ,well #agd ,de] ,foot ,!rmomet] #age ,de] ,foot ,hat ,rack #agf ,moose ,foot ,jewel ,case #agg ,pla/] ,m\ld ( ,fi%--,upp] ,half #agi ,m$allion ,fi% #ahb ,grayl+--,results ( ,fir/ ,fi% ,m\nt+ #ahh ,eye ( ,lake ,tr\t #aia ,fi% 9 ,m\ld #aia ,fi% 9 ,m\ld--,end ,view #aib ,fi% 9 ,m\ld--,side ,view #aib ,fi%--,incisions to be ,made #aic ,fi%--,inside ,bo>d #aif ,fi%--,sew+ up ! ,sk9 #aih ,home ,made ,panel = ,fi% #bja ,fi% ,head ,m\nt$--,side ,view #bja ,fi% ,head ,m\nt$--,front ,view #bjb ,wir+ ,sy/em = ,frog #bjd ,skulls--,wolf1 ,lynx1 ,ott]1 ,m9k #bjg ,fly+ ,duck #bab ,timb] ,wolf ,rug1 ,full ,head #bac ,de] ,head ,hall ,rack #bad ,foot ,muff ,trimm$ #bah ,monkey ,c>d ,receiv] #bai ,squirrels--,grey1 ,r$1 ,fly+1 ,gr\nd #bbb ,wat] ,f[l ,head #bbf ,?ree ,piece ,m\ld ( ,head #bbi ,mak+ ,m\ld = ,half ,head #bca ,de] ,foot ,ink ,well & ,p5 ,rack #bcc ,m\nta9 ,lion or ,puma ,hide #bcd ,spr+ ,lamb8 ,coon ,head #bcf ,book ,case ,ornam5ts--,cr[1 ,alligator1 ,owl #bci ,,introduction ,?is volume ( ! ,pleasure & ,pr(it ,libr>y is (f]$ to ! hunt]1 trapp]1 fi%]1 vacationi/ & out ( doors p 9 g5]al4 ,9 ! /udy & practice ( taxid]my = sev]al ye>s ,i h fail$ to f9d any "w writt5 prim>ily = ^! e day nature lov]s1 ?\gh !y probably h&le a great] numb] ( int]e/+ specim5s ( animal life ?an all o!r classes ( p4 ,9 view ( ?is fact ! foll[+ directions & sugge/ions = pres]v+ v>i\s animal =ms z objects ( use & ornam5t h be5 prep>$4 ,z a treatise = ! sci5ti/ or museum prep>ator x is n int5d$1 !re are _m books on ! art expressly = !m1 b we hope x may fill a place ( its own1 act+ z a n too dry & te*nical introduction to ! art pres]vative = ^? :o f9d life all too %ort = ! _m ?+s :i* are to be done4 ,?or\ghness1 pati5ce1 & "s love = nature1 are qualities highly desirable 9 ?is art4 ,"w prep>$ by "o possess+ ^! qualities ne$ n be a%am$ & practice w br+ skill & p]fection ( te*nic4 ,z a h&icraft 9 :i* ! workman has n be5 displac$ or made second>y by a ma*9e taxid]my is noticeable also1 & = _m reasons is wor?y ( its corn] 9 ! home "w-%op4 ,9 ?is "w also ! ladies c take a v effective h&1 & numb]s h done s2 = !re is no d\bt t a woman's ta/e & lightness ( t\* enables h] 9 "s bran*es ( taxid]my to f> exce$ ! av]age man4 ,especially 9 ! manipulation ( frail sk9s & delicate fea!rs1 9 bird taxid]my1 is ?is s4 ,i h endeavor$ to give pref]5ce to %ort cuts & "t-sav+ me?ods :]e possible 9 ! foll[+ matt]1 & especially h9ts on sav+ int]e/+ & valuable specim5s tempor>ily until suffici5t leisure is _h to d ju/ice to _! fur!r pres]vation4 ,9 ?is connection ,i h giv5 prom95ce to ! liquid pres]vative = entire specim5s & ! me?ods = pres]v+ sk9s ( birds & animals 9 a damp & relax$ /ate ready = m\nt+ at ! op]ator's pleasure4 ,i w\ld urge ! beg9n] especially1 to m\nt all 8 specim5s z f> z possible4 ,dry sci5tific sk9s h _! value1 p]haps1 to ! museum or closet naturali/ ^: *ief delight is 9 multiply+ species1 b a well m\nt$ sk9 is a pleasure to all :o may see x4 ,mak+ x a rule to utilize ?us all specim5s :i* come to h& w\ld also det] mu* ?\ghtless kill+ 9 ! ranks ( ! c\ntry's already deplet$ wild life4 ,make ?is a rule & y w avoid friction & %[ y\rself truly a cons]vationi/ ) ! be/4 ,9 a numb] ( /ates !re are legal re/rictions 9 ! way ( a lic5se tax impos$ on ! pr(essional taxid]mi/4 ,detail$ in=mation ( ^! are f\nd 9 ,game1 ,fur & ,fi% ,laws ( ! v>i\s /ates & ,canadian prov9ces4 ,fur & game animals & birds kill$ legally dur+ op5 season may be pres]v$ by ! tak] = private possession )\t h9drance any:]e1 ,i ?9k4 ,m explicit details may be _h on application to y\r /ate fi% & game commission] or w>d54 ,signature3 ,alb]t ,b4 ,f>nham4 ,home ,taxid]my = ,pleasure & ,pr(it ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,hi/ory4 ,x is v evid5t t ?is art--,taxid]my1 pres]vation or c>e ( sk9s--_h its orig9 f> back be=e ! dawn ( writt5 hi/ory4 ,!re exi/$ !n z n[ ! desire to pres]ve ! trophy ( ! hunt]'s pr[ess & skill & ! unusual 9 natural objects4 ,z f> back z five c5turies ,b4 ,c4 9 ! record ( ! ,african explorations ( ,hanno ! ,c>?ag9ian1 an acc\nt is giv5 ( ! discov]y ( :at 0 evid5tly ! gorilla & ! subsequ5t pres]vation ( _! sk9s1 :i* 71 on ! return ( ! voyag]s1 hung 9 ! temple ( ,a/>te1 :]e !y rema9$ until ! tak+ ( ,c>?age 9 ! ye> #adf ,b4 ,c4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 n ! art z we "k x n[1 b %[s ! beg9n+s ( :at might be call$ ! museum idea4 ,! art ( embalm+ z practic$ by ! anci5t ,egyptians 01 h[ev]1 effective1 n = ! purpose ( hav+ ! specim5s look natural1 or = exhibition1 b to satisfy ! sup]/ition ( ! times1 & ?\gh a pres]vative art1 h>dly to be class$ ) taxid]my4 ,9 ! tombs ( t p]iod are f\nd besides ! mummies ( human be+s1 c\ntless o!rs ( dogs1 cats1 monkeys1 birds1 %eep & ox54 ,!re h be5 a numb] ( ef=ts made to sub/itute "s =m ( embalm+ = pres5t day taxid]my b )\t mu* success1 = ?\gh ! body ( ! specim5 may be pres]v$ f decay )\t remov+ x f ! sk91 ! subsequ5t %r9kage & di/ortion spoil any effect :i* may h be5 a*iev$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,e>ly ,,day ,,specim54 ,! fir/ attempt at /uff+ & m\nt+ birds 0 said to h be5 made 9 ,am/]dam 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! #af? c5tury4 ,! olde/ museum specim5 9 exi/5ce1 z f> z ,i "k1 is a rh9oc]os 9 ! ,royal ,museum ( ,v]tebrates 9 ,flor5ce1 ,italy1 said to h be5 orig9ally m\nt$ 9 ! #af? c5tury4 ,probably on acc\nt ( ! necess>y k ( pres]vative *emicals1 ! art seems to h be5 9 ! h&s ( *emi/s & a/rolog]s1 *iefly1 dur+ ! middle ages1 & /uff$ animals su* z bats1 crocodiles1 frogs1 snakes1 liz>ds1 owls1 etc41 figure 9 lit]>y descriptions ( _! abodes4 ,!n z n[ also1 ! d9+ halls ( ! nobles & weal?y 7 decorat$ ) heads & horns procur$ 9 ! hunt4 ,! fir/ publications on ! art seem to h be5 made 9 ,france1 9 :i* c\ntry & ,g]many1 _m /ill us$ me?ods & =mulas orig9at$4 ,?\gh ! fir/ volume ( in/ruction 9 taxid]my 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z late z #ahfe1 x has be5 left = ! /udy & +5uity ( ,am]ican taxid]mi/s to accompli% :at is probably "w ( z high a /&>d z any 9 ! _w4 ,! ,w>d e/abli%m5t at ,ro*e/] has turn$ out _m well tra9$ taxid]mi/s1 ! l>ge museums ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are fill$ ) "s ( ! be/ "w ( ! k9d 9 exi/5ce1 besides _m p]sons :o h engag$ 9 x = comm]cial purposes or to gratify private ta/es4 ,_m ( ^! h made public _! me?ods & modes 9 v>i\s publications4 ,among ^! are ! works ( ,batty1 ,hornaday1 ,%(eldt1 ,davie1 ,r[ley1 ,mayn>d1 ,re$ & o!rs1 all ( :i* are invaluable books ( ref]5ce = ! home taxid]mi/4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ! once fl\ri%+ ,society ( ,am]ican ,taxid]mi/s has n be5 p]petuat$1 numb]+1 z x did1 among its memb]%ip ! be/ arti/s 9 _! l9e 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!re is no royal road to success 9 ?is1 m ?an any o!r ( ! arts & sci5ces1 ?\gh ,i believe ! ambiti\s beg9n] w f9d ! way smoo!r2 bett] mat]ials are to be _h1 m helpful publications to be consult$ & ! less5+ supply ( wild life t5ds to make a m appreciative public ?an ev] be=e4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,outfit--,,tools ,,& ,,mat]ials4 ,! ext5t & v>iety ( "w und]tak5 w det]m9e ! necess>y work+ space & ! assortm5t ( tools ne$ful4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! mo/ complete assortm5t ( tools & supplies makes possible ! production ( ! be/ "w 9 ! m9imum "t4 ,! equipm5t ( ! beg9n] ne$ be b small & inexp5sive1 h[ev]1 increas+ ! same z he discov]s :at is mo/ necess>y & desirable1 9 an increas+ field ( "w4 ,wond]ful pieces ( taxid]my h be5 done ) a pocket knife1 pli]s1 ne$le & ?read1 "s wire1 t[ & ars5ic4 ,if no o!r room (f]s1 mu* may be a*iev$ 7) ! p]mission ( ! lady ( ! h\se7 9 a corn] ( a d9+ room or kit*54 ,a room or "p ( "o well light$1 by nor? w9d[ or sky-light pref]ably1 makes ! be/ location = ! "w table4 ,?is table may be ( ! common unpa9t$ kit*5 v>iety = all small "w4 ,x is well to make ! top d\ble by h++ on two leaves1 :i* :5 ext5d$ w make x twice its usual wid?4 ,:5 s ext5d$ & support$ by sw++ brackets x is specially adapt$ to sew+ on rugs & robes4 ,su* tables usually h "o or two %all[ draw]s :i* are mo/ useful to hold small tools4 ,a %elf %\ld be fitt$ betwe5 ! legs1 six or eight in*es f ! floor1 =m+ a h&y place = boxes ( mat]ials1 books1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"w ,,table-,,supplies ,,on ,,l[] ,,%elf1 ,,tools1 ,,etc4 ,,on ,,wall4 ,if l>ge "w is 9 prospect a table %\ld be built ( ! usual heigh?1 two or ?ree feet wide1 & six long4 ,! legs ( /\t scantl+s %\ld be fitt$ ) ca/]s1 mak+ x easy to remove x to ! c5t] ( ! room :]e x c be approa*$ on all sides1 z w (t5 be necess>y4 ,! d\ble top1 draw]s1 & %elf %\ld be a "p ( ! l>g] table also4 ,usually ! table is kept 9 front ( ! w9d[ ) tool racks & %elves = small articles ea* side ( ! same :]e !y c easily be rea*$4 ,= prep>+ & m\nt+ all small & m$ium size specim5s ,i w\ld advise ! foll[+ li/ ( tools4 ,!y w enable ! work] to c>e = any ( our native birds1 quadrup$s up to ! coyote1 & any ( our game heads1 fur rugs1 etc4 #a small sk9n+ knife #a m$ium sk9n+ knife #a l>g] sk9n+ knife #a pair scissors1 f9e po9ts #a pair %e>s1 heavy1 %ort #b pairs flat nose pli]s1 l>ge & small4 #a pair side or end cutt]s ,illu/ration3 ,,home ,,made ,,tools4 7#a7 ,sk9 ,scrap] 7made f screw driv]7 7#b7 7#c7 7#d7 ,model+ ,tools 7wood & brass7 7#e7 ,sett+ ,ne$le4 7#f7 7#g7 ,/uff]s 7heavy wire47 #a pair f9e =ceps1 #e or #f in* #b flat files1 l>ge & small #a adju/able tool h&le1 assort$ tools1 awls4 #b p9k+ irons1 #c_/d & #a-a_/b in* ,ne$les1 assortm5t ( clo? & glov]s ,oil/one ,if x is capable ( tak+ & hold+ a good edge ! small blade ( a pocket knife is equal to a surgeon's scalpel & a %>p %oe or p>+ knife1 gr\nd to ! prop] %ape1 is a nice m$ium size = sk9n+ or trimm+ sk9s4 ,a hunt+ or but*] knife is suffici5t = ! l>ge/ size4 ,a few c>p5t]'s tools are necess>y & a complete set does n come amiss if mu* l>ge "w is attempt$4 ,we mu/ h3 ,h&saw ,hat*et ,hamm] ,bit brace ,assortm5t1 drills & bits1 #a_/b 94 & less4 ,draw%ave ,screwdriv] ,small gr9d/one or corundum :eel ,*isels1 two or ?ree sizes #a wood rasp #a cab9et rasp #a *opp+ block1 made ( a section ( h>dwood log ,if l>ge animals are to be m\nt$ we w ne$ 9 addition "s iron work+ tools1 su* z ,set ( taps & dies #a_/d to #a 94 ,monkey wr5* ,hack saw ,tann]'s knives1 #a or m ,a comb9ation vise & anvil w be ne$$ 9 any case z well z "s miscellane\s tools3 ,fur comb1 co>se & f9e comb9$ ,pa9t1 wax1 & v>ni% bru%es ,foot rule ,tape measure ,putty knife ,po9t+ tr[el ,sk9 scrap] & "s /uff+ & modell+ tools :i* y c make y\rself4 ,! li/ ( mat]ials seems l a long "o1 b _m are inexp5sive & o!rs are us$ only 9 "s small am\nts1 s ! aggregate co/ is small4 ,excelsior ,f9e t[ ,cotton bat or wadd+ ,pla/] p>is ,corn meal ,gasol9e ,pott]'s or modell+ clay ,set tube oil colors ,glass eyes1 assort$ ,s(t wire1 assort$ ,p9s ,cord ,spool cotton1 co>se & f9e1 black & :ite ,wax1 v>ni%1 glue1 pa/e ,papi] ma*e1 or pap] = same ,an assortm5t ( nails1 tacks1 brads1 screws1 screw eyes & /aples ,illu/ration3 ,,taxid]mi/s ,,tools4 7#a7 ,gimlet 7#b7 ,expansive bits 7#c7 ,bru% 7#d7 ,bone cutt] 7#e7 7#f7 7#g7 7#h7 ,pli]s 7#i7 ,p9k+ irons 7#aj7 ,h& vise 7#aa7 7#ab7 ,scalpels & knives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,taxid]mi/s ,,tools4 7#ac7 ,scalpels 7#ae7 ,sew+ palm 7#af7 ,/raight ,surgeons ,scissors 7#ag7 ,curv$ ,surgeon ,scissors 7#ah7 ,angul> ,surgeons ,scissors 7#ai7 ,f9e ,po9t ,scissors 7#bj7 ,scissor ,h&l$ ,/uff]s 7#ba7 ,/uff]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,taxid]mi/s ,,tools4 7#bb7 ,/uff] & =cep1 curv$ f9e po9t 7#bc7 ,regul> taxid]mi/s /uff] & =cep 7#bd7 ,gauge 7#be7 ,hack ,saw 7#bf7 ,egg drill ,a pack+ box or two w furni% "s lumb] = tempor>y /&s & int]ior frame "w4 ,! p]man5t m\nts are treat$ ( else:]e4 ,9 ord]+ glass eyes x is (t5 be/ to get !m 9 ! cle> glass iris ) black pupil s !y may be giv5 any color desir$ by pa9t+ ! backs ) tube colors1 aft]w>d protect+ ! pa9t ) v>ni%4 ,9 ?is way a small /ock w answ] = _m v>ieties4 ,! pla9 black eye :i* is ! lea/ exp5sive c be us$ = _m ( ! small] birds & mammals1 b %\ld nev] be :5 ! iris ( ! eye has any di/9ct t9t4 ,d n make ! mi/ake ( ord]+ an assortm5t ( (f sizes & colors1 t is ^? :i* are seldom call$ =4 ,aim to h ^? on h& = :i* y w h ! mo/ frequ5t use1 ! exceptions c be quickly _h by p>cel po/4 ,!re is m dem& = eyes ( "s %ade ( yell[ or br[n ?an any o!r colors1 probably4 ,all birds h ! r\nd pupil4 ,elongat$ pupils are suitable = horn$ game & ! cat tribe1 irregul> pupils fi%1 & ! ve9$ iris = dogs1 wolves & foxes4 ,suitable sizes = "s species ( birds are z foll[s3 ,numb] #c to #e ,sp>r[s g5]ally4 ,numb] #e to #g ,rob91 blue jay1 flick]4 ,numb] #g to #i ,! small] hawks & h]ons1 ne>ly all ! ducks4 ,numb] #aj to #ab ,! small] owls1 ! wild goose4 ,numb] #ab to #ad ,! l>g] hawks & h]ons4 ,numb] #ae ,scree* owl1 eagles4 ,numb] #ag ,b>r$ owl4 ,numb] #ai or #bj ,sn[y owl & great horn$ owl4 ,illu/ration3 ,,glass ,,eyes ,,= ,,animals1 ,,birds1 ,,fi%4 ,size ( eyes = quadrup$s3 ,numb] #g or #h ,m9k1 skunk1 r$ squirrel4 ,numb] #aj to #ab ,gray & fox squirrel1 wood *uck1 raccoon & opossum4 ,numb] #ab to #ad ,rabbit1 small dogs1 h\se cat4 ,numb] #ae to #ag ,jack rabbit1 fox1 m$ium size dogs1 wild cat1 black be>4 ,numb] #ah ,l>ge dog1 wolf1 lynx1 & grizzly be>4 ,numb] #bj to #bb ,puma1 jagu>1 small de]4 ,numb] #bc to #bd ,l>ge de]1 tig]4 ,numb] #be to #bg ,moose1 elk1 c>ib\1 horse1 c[1 lion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sizes ,,( ,,glass ,,eyes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sizes ,,( ,,glass ,,eyes 7,/yle #a7 ,( wire ! foll[+ sizes are suitable = birds3 ,numb] #f ,pelican4 ,numb] #g ,wild turkey1 swan4 ,numb] #h ,eagles4 ,numb] #i ,loon1 goose1 l>ge h]ons4 ,numb] #aj ,seagull1 l>ge ducks1 hawks1 owls1 & fi% hawk4 ,numb] #aa or #ab ,m$ium size ducks1 h]ons1 & simil>4 ,numb] #ac or #ad ,small ducks & gr\se4 ,numb] #ae ,small h]ons1 & m$ium owls4 ,numb] #af ,doves1 small owls4 ,numb] #ag or #ah ,bob :ite1 jay1 rob91 snipe4 ,numb] #ai ,blackbird1 waxw+1 oriole4 ,numb] #bj ,bluebird1 c>d9al4 ,numb] #ba to #bd ,w>bl]s1 wr5s1 titm\se1 f9*es4 ,numb] #bf ,nor? ,am]ican humm+ bird4 ,= quadrup$s3 ,numb] #g ,wild cat4 ,numb] #h ,foxes4 ,numb] #aj ,raccoon1 wood *uck4 ,numb] #aa ,skunk1 opossum4 ,numb] #ab or #ac ,muskrat1 rabbit4 ,numb] #ad or #ae ,m9k1 l>ge squirrels4 ,numb] #ag or #ah ,weasel1 bull frog1 & small squirrels4 ,^! sizes are approximate1 v>y+ ) size ( ! individual specim5 & ! requir$ attitude want$4 ,= in/ance1 a bird m\nt$ ) w+s spread w\ld be bett] = a l>ge size wire ?an if 9 a re/+ position4 ,an animal cr\*$ does n require z heavy supports z "o upright or 9 action4 ,x is be/ to give ! specim5 ! b5efit ( ! d\bt1 z no?+ is m disa/r\s ?an to h an o!rwise well m\nt$ subject sag d[n & spoil ! entire effect f lack ( suffici5t me*anical support4 ,! be/ wire = ?is purpose is anneal$1 galvaniz$ iron4 ,l>g] animals require ,norway iron rod 9 ! foll[+ sizes3 #a_/d 94 ,coyote1 sett] dog4 #e_/af 94 ,wolf1 puma4 #c_/h 94 ,m$ium de]4 #a_/b 94 ,c>ib\ & l>ge de]4 #c_/d 94 ,moose1 elk4 ,a l>ge e>!n j> or two w hold suffici5t sk9 pickle = small animals4 ,= l>ge animals or great numb]s ( small ones a tank or b>rel4 ,keep su* j>s or b>rels cov]$ to prev5t evaporation4 ,) dry ars5ic & alum1 ars5ical solution1 =maldehyde = an em]g5cy & pl5ty ( salt1 ev5 a beg9n] %\ld be able to save almo/ any?+ t falls into 8 clut*es4 ,!re are numb]s ( reliable deal]s 9 tools & supplies = ! taxid]mi/ & a p]usal ( _! catalogs w be helpful1 among ! numb] be+ ,james ,p4 ,babbitt1 #aib ,hodges ,ave41 ,taunton1 ,mass4 ,ready to use head =ms1 p9k$ rug & robe trimm+1 artificial tongues & e> =ms1 & ev5 pap] head & neck =ms = ! m\nt+ ( l>ge game heads are "s ( ! "t & labor sav+ supplies !y li/4 ,if y _c atta9 to ^!1 em]g5cy supplies c be _h ( ! deal] 9 h>dw>e & dry goods1 & "o :o c>es = ! art w rise sup]ior to ! mat]ial at 8 h&4 ,:at y /uff 'em ) is ( small consequ5ce provid$ y use bra9s 9 ! job4 ,i h se5 an elk head /uff$ ) old clo!s ) ! bottoms ( pop bottles = eyes1 b w\ld advise "s o!r fill+ if possible4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,pres]vative ,,prep>ations1 ,,=mulas1 ,,etc4 ,probably ars5ic 9 "s =m has be51 & w cont9ue to be ! lead+ taxid]mic pres]vative1 or r1 insect det]r5t4 ,_m p are %y ( h&l+ ?is1 b ) reasonable c>e ! use ( ars5ic is p]fectly safe4 ,always keep poisons well label$ & out ( ! way ( *ildr54 ,n9e *ildr5 out ( t5 w\ld nev] ?9k ( sampl+ !m1 b ! t5? might prove ! fatal exception4 ,!re is f> less dang] to ! op]ator 9 h&l+ ! ne$ful am\nt ( poisons ?an 9 endeavor+ to save "s r>e b ov]-ripe subject4 ,9 _m ye>s' use ( ars5ic1 dry1 9 wet solution1 & 9 soap1 ,i h receiv$ no?+ m s]i\s ?an an occasional sore f+]4 ,! %ape 9 :i* ,i h f\nd x mo/ satisfactory = poison+ hair & fea!rs ( m\nt$ specim5s & ! int]ior ( furr$ sk9s ,i w give z ,,ars5ical ,,solution4 ,comm]cial ars5ic #a lb4 ,bic>bonate ( soda #a_/b lb4 ,wat] #e pts4 ,boil until ars5ic & soda h dissolv$1 /irr+ frequ5tly4 ,use a vessel at lea/ twice z l>ge z necess>y to conta9 ! quantity us$ z x foams up :ile boil+4 ,:5 cold put 9 a l>ge bottle or j> m>k$ ,poison1 ( c\rse4 ,= poison+ f9i%$ specim5s1 m\nt$ heads1 etc41 take "o "p ( ?is solution to two p>ts wat] & spray ! entire surface ) ?is 9 an atomiz] or l>g] spray]4 ,x %\ld be te/$ be=e us+ by dipp+ a black fea!r 9 x & if a gray or :ite deposit is left on dry+1 x %\ld be dilut$ /ill fur!r until ?is is prev5t$4 ,to poison ! inside ( sk9s we make ,ars5ical ,pa/e3 ,ars5ical ,solution 7full /r5g?71 :it+ suffici5t to produce ! consi/5cy ( cream4 ,?is %\ld be mix$ 9 a wide m\!d bottle or small pan & appli$ ) a common pa9t bru%4 ,d n apply to a p]fectly dry sk91 l tann$ hide = a robe or rug1 b damp5 ! inside fir/ ) cle> wat]1 !n pa9t ov] ) ! pa/e & x w /rike ?r\gh to ! fur side & be tak5 up ar\nd ! fur roots by capill>y action4 ,?is t5ds to put a damp] on ! activities ( ! mo?1 ^: favorite graz+ gr\nd is at ! hair roots j outside ! sk94 ,! pa/e is equally good on sk9s ( birds1 except1 p]haps ! small] ones1 :5 fre%ly sk9n$1 & "s ( ! small] mammals4 ,! mixture ( :it+ makes x easy to see :5 ! surface has already be5 treat$1 unless ! sk9 is dress$ :ite1 9 :i* case dry o*re may be us$ 9 place ( :it+4 ,= poison+ ! sk9s ( ! small] furr$ animals & all b ! l>g] birds3 ,,dry ,,pres]vative4 ,p[d]$ :ite ars5ic ,p[d]$ alum ,mix equal p>ts by measure & apply to inside ( ! fre% sk9 ) a s(t bru% or pad ( cotton4 ,if dur+ ! sk9n+ & clean+ ! sk9 has dri$ s ! p[d] w n /ick1 moi/5 ! inside ( ! sk9 ) wat] be=e apply+4 ,"s taxid]mi/s pref] to use 9 place ( ! pa/e "s =m ( ,ars5ical ,soap4 ,?is may be pur*as$ f ! supply deal] or made at home at q a r$uction4 ,p]sonally ,i dislike ! greasy1 /icky feel ( x2 x is apt to cl+ ar\nd ! f+] nails & scrat*es1 mak+ !m sore4 ,h[ev]1 ! foll[+ is ! be/ =mula = a "t honor$ pres]vative3 ,,hornaday',s ,,ars5ical ,,soap4 ,:ite b> soap #a lb4 ,p[d]$ ars5ic #a lb4 ,camphor gum #b-a_/b oz4 ,subc>bonate ( pota% #c oz4 ,alcohol 7wood or gra97 #d oz4 ,slice ! soap & melt sl[ly ) a little wat]4 ,:5 melt$ /ir 9 ! pota% & ars5ic4 ,boil to ! consi/5cy ( molasses & p\r into a j> to h>d54 ,add ! camphor already dissolv$ 9 ! alcohol & /ir occasionally :ile cool+4 ,mix ) wat] & apply ) a pa9t bru% to fle% side ( sk9s4 ,9 case "o is timid ab\t us+ any ( ! ars5ical prep>ations ,i w\ld advise !m to try ,,br[ne',s ,,non-,,poison\s ,,pres]vative ,,soap4 ,:it+ #bd oz4 ,:ite soap #h oz4 ,*loride lime #a_/b oz4 ,t9cture camphor #a oz4 ,wat] #a pt4 ,%ave ! soap ?9 & boil x ) ! :it+ & wat] till dissolv$4 ,!n remove f ! fire & /ir 9 ! *loride1 add+ ! t9cture camphor lat] :5 cold1 z mu* ( ! /r5g? ( ! latt] w\ld be lo/ 7 ! mixture hot4 ,keep 9 clos$ j>s or bottles1 & if too ?ick1 ?9 d[n ) wat] or alcohol4 ,apply l ars5ical soap or pa/e4 ,?is is highly recomm5d$ by ,engli% writ]s4 ,= a non-poison\s p[d] ,i w\ld advise equal p>ts ( p[d]$ alum & insect p[d] 9 place ( ! ars5ic & alum4 ,,solution ,,= ,,! ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,small ,,specim5s ,,entire4 ,=maldehyde 7#dj /r5g?7 #a "p ,wat] #i p>ts ,mix ?or\ghly & put 9 glass or e>!n j>s or l>ge m\!d bottles4 ,:ile mo/ ( ! heads & sk9s ( big game are pres]v$ until !y c rea* ! taxid]mi/1 _m ( ! small] specim5s become a total loss4 ,lack ( "t & k are ! *ief causes ( ?is loss ( valuable s\v5irs ( days out ( doors & int]e/+ natural objects4 ,probably ! easie/ & lea/ exp5sive me?od ( tempor>ily pres]v+ entire ! small] animals1 birds1 fi% & reptiles is by imm]sion 9 ! above prep>ation4 ,i w\ld n advise its use on animals l>g] ?an a small fox or cat1 & to insure an imm$iate p5etration ( ! fle% ! abdom9al visc]a %\ld be remov$ f ! l>g] specim5s4 ,! am\nt ( solution us$ %\ld be ab\t t5 times ! volume ( ! subject1 & x _h be/ be replac$ ) fre% liquid aft] two or ?ree days4 ,i ?9k ?is w "w equally well on birds1 reptiles & mammals4 ,on removal f ! solution !y may be sk9n$ & m\nt$ z fre% specim5s4 ,on remov+ f ! solution1 r9se 9 wat] conta9+ a little ammonia to neutralize ! irritat+ odor ( ! =maldehyde4 ,d n /& ov] ! solution :ile mix+ z ! fumes ( ! =mic acid affect ! eyes4 ,! cond5s$ =m 9 :i* ?is *emical c be c>ri$ & its *eapness 7#cj;c4 p] lb471 make x desirable z a tempor>y pres]vative4 ,! say+1 ,x nev] ra9s b x p\rs1 applies to ! taxid]mi/ & a sudd5 ru% ( subjects may (t5 be sav$ by us+ ! =ego+ prep>ation4 ,o!r "w may be "u way1 or = o!r reasons x may be desirable to keep a specim5 9 ! fle% a %ort "t be=e m\nt+4 ,,alcoholic ,,solution4 ,alcohol 7#id /r5g?7 ,equal p>ts ,wat] ,if alcohol is less ?an #id use less wat]4 ,use same z =maldehyde solution4 ,?is is said to be sup]ior to ! =maldehyde solution1 ?\gh m exp5sive & h>d] to c>ry ab\t on acc\nt ( its great] bulk be=e mix+4 ,specim5s kept long 9 any liquid are apt to lose _! colors4 ,?is fad+ w be r$uc$ to a m9imum if kept 9 ! d>k4 ,9 ord] to d any satisfactory "w on quadrup$s ! taxid]mi/ makes use ( a ba? or pickle ( "s sort = keep+ sk9s 9 a wet /ate4 ,?is pickle sets ! hair & 9 a measure tans ! sk91 r$uc+ its liability to %r9kage & r5d]+ x less desirable pa/urage = insects4 ,all furr$ sk9s ( any size %\ld be imm]s$ 9 ?is = a "t be=e m\nt+1 & may be kept 9 x = mon?s or ye>s )\t injury4 ,if y h "t to sk9 an animal prop]ly ! sk9 may be dropp$ 9 ! pickle j> & 9 a day1 week1 or mon? be bett] fit = f9al m\nt+ ?an at fir/4 ,= ! fir/ few days x is necess>y to move x ab\t e day s all p>ts may be expos$ to ! action ( ! pickle4 ,! =m ( pickle :i* ,i h f\nd mo/ helpful is3 ,,tann+ ,,liquor4 ,wat] #a gal4 ,salt #a qt4 ,sulphuric acid 7measure7 #a oz4 ,br+ to boil+ po9t to dissolve ! salt4 ,all[ to cool be=e /irr+ 9 ! acid4 ,:5 cold is ready = use4 ,:5 keep+ sk9s 9 a wet /ate a long "t ,i w\ld pref] to use3 ,,salt ,,& ,,alum ,,pickle4 ,wat] #a gal4 ,salt #a qt4 ,alum #a pt4 ,boil to dissolve salt & alum2 use l prec$+4 ,if sk9s are to be kept "s "t !y %\ld1 aft] a prelim9>y pickl+1 be put 9 new1 fre% pickle & x %\ld be occasionally te/$ ) a sal9omet] & kept up to ! orig9al /r5g?4 ,dirty & greasy pickle %\ld be ?r[n away1 b if clean & ( l[ /r5g? x c be br\ght up by add+ new pickle ( extra /r5g?4 ,x w d no hurt if m salt1 ev5 a saturat$ solution1 is made ( ei!r ( ! =ego+4 ,:ile ! salt & alum or acid pickle w keep our animal sk9s safely & 9 a relax$ condition ready = fur!r prep>ation at any "t1 x w n answ] = bird sk9s4 ,= ?is we h a solution = keep+ bird sk9s s(t3 ,glyc]9e #b p>ts ,c>bolic acid #a "p ,aft] sk9n+ ! bird & apply+ "s ars5ical solution to ! inside1 bru% ?is solution lib]ally ov] ! entire inside ( ! sk94 ,pay special att5tion to ! bones1 w+ & leg1 skull & root ( ! tail4 ,if necess>y ! sk9 may be pack$ flat = %ipm5t4 ,"o treatm5t w keep all b ! l>g] sk9s s(t = sev]al mon?s4 ,! feet1 ( c\rse1 w become h>d & dry & mu/ be relax$ z usual be=e m\nt+4 ,e taxid]mi/ ne$s to be m or less ( a model]1 & "o ( ! mo/ useful mat]ials is3 ,,papi] ,,ma*e4 ,wet wood pulp #aj oz4 ,glue 7hot7 or ,le,page's 7measure7 #c oz4 ,pla/] p>is1 dry #bj oz4 ,?is =mula may be v>i$ at ! conv5i5ce ( ! op]ator4 ,"w ! glue into ! pulp & knead ! pla/] into ! mass4 ,! m glue ! sl[] x sets & a few drops ( glyc]9e w keep x s(t sev]al days4 ,made ) little or no glue x h>d5s quickly4 ,if ! pap] pulp is n at h& x may be made by te>+ old newspap]s or %ea?+ pap] small & boil+ & p\nd+ till a pulp results4 ,?is composition is mu* 9 use 9 ,europe 9 ! mak+ ( _m famili> toys & simil> objects4 ,= model+ op5 m\?s1 f9i%+ m\nt$ specim5s1 mak+ artificial rocks1 /umps & b\ghs1 x is v desirable4 ,,wax ,,= ,,op5 ,,m\?s4 ,beeswax #a "p ,p>aff9 wax #a "p ,melt & color ) tube oil colors4 ,to color dip up a spoonful ( melt$ wax1 squeeze "s tube color 9 & /ir until /iff4 ,place ! spoon 9 ! hot wax & /ir till ev5ly mix$4 ,d n try to put ! color directly 9 ! hot wax z x w n mix ev5ly s4 ,wax %\ld be melt$ 9 a wat] ba?1 l a glue pot1 z excessive heat w d>k5 x4 ,cakes ( wax ( suitable colors may be _h ( ! supply deal]s & are mo/ economical :5 no great am\nt ( "w is done4 ,! same p>ties supply ! pap] pulp previ\sly m5tion$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,panels1 ,,%ields ,,& ,,natural ,,& ,,artificial ,,m\nts4 ,! prep>ation ( a suitable sett+ = almo/ any m\nt$ specim5 w add greatly to its attractiv5ess4 ,if y "k :]e x is to be plac$ x is n difficult to make x suit its surr\nd+4 ,= in/ance1 a head ( big game = hang+ 9 a d9+ or ball room is suitably m\nt$ on a poli%$ & c>v$ h>dwood %ield4 ,:ile ?is w\ld h>dly mat* its surr\nd+s on ! wall ( a log camp1 a ru/ic panel ( natural wood ) ! b>k on w\ld p]fectly suit ! latt] place4 ,heads1 horns1 & antl]s are usually m\nt$ on :at are call$ %ields4 ,fi% & trophies ( dead game birds & small game on panels4 ,s+le specim5s are plac$ on sev]ely pla9 wood5 bases 7museum /yle7 or on ^? simulat+ bran*es1 rocks1 /umps or e>?4 ,^! are artificial1 b ^? built up 9 "p at lea/ ) natural objects are mo/ pleas+4 ,z we c n produce ! be/ patt]ns ( %ields )\t special ma*9es we mu/ patronize ei!r ! supply deal]s or ! wood work+ mill = su*4 ,if conv5i5t to a mill equipp$ ) jigsaw & m\ld] !y c be made up aft] y\r own patt]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ields--,,v>i\s ,,k9ds ,,& ,,sizes4 7,a7 ,suitable = moose1 c>ib\1 de]1 fox by mak+ or ord]+ accord+ to size want$2 7,b7 ,moose1 c>ib\1 de]2 7,k7 ,r\nd %ield2 7,e7 ,be> %ield2 7,q7 ,comb9ation--head & feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ields1 ,,foot ,,& ,,hall ,,rack4 7,c7 & 7,d7 ,de] ,%ields 7,j7 ,f\r ,feet ,rack 7,v7 ,hall ,rack ,illu/ration3 ,,gun ,,rack1 ,,fi% ,,& ,,game ,,panels1 ,,hall ,,rack4 7,i7 ,gun rack 7,f7 ,fi% panel 7,h7 ,%ield1 comb9ation head & feet 7,s7 ,hall ,rack1 small4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"s ,,%ields ,,& ,,panels4 7,m7 ,%ield ) c>v+ 7,g7 ,panel = game1 x1 y1 z1 aa1 bb ,de] foot !rmomet]s 7,l7 ,de] foot !rmomet] & small animal panel4 ,"s ( ! sizes mo/ us$ are approximately z foll[s = m\nt$ heads3 ,= moose1 elk1 c>ib\4 #bjx#cj in*es4 ,= de]1 goat or %eep4 #abx#ah or #afx#ba4 ,= fox or lynx4 #hx#aj in*es4 ,= be> or wolf4 #abx#ae ,= birds1 small fur-be>]s & fi%4 #fx#h 94 ,oval panels = m\nt+ fi%4 #ix#bb #aex#dj ,= dead game4 #ajx#ae #adx#bd #agx#be ,= m\nt+ horns ( elk & moose ! size = de] heads w answ] nicely1 :ile de] antl]s are suitable ) a %ield ( ! fox head size4 ,9 ord] to draw a symmetrical patt]n = ! woodwork]1 take a piece ( /iff pap] ( ! "r l5g? & wid?1 fold x d[n ! middle1 draw "o half to suit & cut out ) %e>s4 ,! /yle ( m\ld+ call$ ,ogee is to be pref]r$4 ,a simple diamond1 he>t1 or oval %ape c be made at home ) bevel$ or r\nd$ edges1 or if y\r tools include a turn+ saw 7:i* is mo/ useful = a v>iety ( purposes7 y may try a m pret5ti\s %ield4 ,to a*ieve ?is1 make y\r patt]n z j describ$ & aft] m>k+ x on a piece ( wood f #c_/h to #g_/h in* ?ick1 cut out ) ! turn+ saw4 ,x %\ld be held 9 ! vise = ?is op]ation4 ,place ?is cut out %ield 7#a7 on a piece ( bo>d ( simil> ?ickness b some:at l>g] & ) a pair ( compasses m>k out ano!r #a_/b 94 or s l>g] all ar\nd4 7#b7 ,also m>k ! same di/ance inside ! edge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,home ,,made ,,%ield4 ,) a wood work]'s gauge or some?+ simil> make a m>k ar\nd !m bo? ne> ! l[] sides4 ,n[ ) draw %ave & rasp "w ! edges (f bo? ,nos4 #a & #b4 ,no4 #a on a bevel1 ,no4 #b r\nd$4 ,!re %\ld be a numb] ( holes drill$ & c\nt]sunk 9 ,no4 #b1 f ! back1 & :5 ! two p>ts ( ! %ield are prop]ly adju/$ !y %\ld be drawn closely toge!r ) screws too %ort to p5etrate ! face ( ! %ield4 ,if ! adju/m5t is p]fect ! screws are to be drawn & ! surfaces :i* come 9 contact coat$ well ) glue1 !n drawn closely toge!r & laid aside until ?or\ghly dry1 :5 x %\ld be well s&pap]$ be=e v>ni%+4 ,all %ields & panels %\ld be c>efully s&pap]$1 fill$ & v>ni%$1 & poli%$ if y wi%4 ,don't make ! %ield or panel s ornate t ! specim5 w seem b an incid5tal1 ?r[n 9 = good measure1 s to speak4 ,ru/ic panels c be made by saw+ ! end f a log on a slant1 & plan+ smoo? ! oval4 ,if ?is is heavily v>ni%$ on ! front & back & ! b>k left on x is a v suitable m\nt = small heads1 fi% & birds4 ,artificial bran*es & trees = m\nt+ birds %\ld be avoid$ if possible2 !y are made by wrapp+ t[ ar\nd wires1 coat+ ) glue & cov]+ ) moss or papi] ma*e & pa9t+4 ,! result ,i consid] unnatural & in>ti/ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,small ,,bird4 ,i w\ld advise to use natural bran*es z f> z possible2 suffici5t labor w be requir$ to make necess>y jo9+ & *anges look z ne> l nature z y c4 ,rock "w is usually made ( a wood5 framework cov]$ ) clo?1 wire or pap] & f9i%$ ) a coat+ ( glue & cru%$ /one or s&4 ,"o ( ! mo/ useful mat]ials 9 ?is "w is ! r\gh cork b>k s mu* us$ by flori/s4 ,x is light1 comes 9 desirable %apes1 c be nail$1 saw$ or coat$ ) glue or pa9t4 ,= con/ruct+ /umps = m\nt$ birds ( prey & ru/ic /&s = small & m$ium fur animals x has no equal4 ,"s taxid]mi/s produce rock "w ( an obscure geological p]iod by cov]+ scre5 wire =ms ) a mixture ( fl\r1 bak+ p[d] & pla/] ( p>is & wat]4 ,?is is put 9 an ov5 & bak$ h>d1 ! weird result be+ pa9t$ to ! arti/'s ta/e4 ,wat] worn roots su* z are f\nd along ! %ore1 twi/$ laurel bran*es1 limbs ( gum1 oak & sassafras1 all "w up well 9 ?is & %\ld be /or$ up to dry aga9/ a day ( ne$4 ,out door p h a good eye = su* ?+s1 b !y are h>d to f9d :5 y look = !m1 s ga!r !m on y\r rambles4 ,papi] ma*e is also a good model+ mat]ial = /umps1 limbs & rock1 be+ light1 & readily tak+ coats ( glue or pa9t4 ,! exp]t c copy nature closely ) x4 ,"s leaves & grasses c be press$1 dri$ & color$ _! natural %ades ) oil pa9ts4 ,! deal]s supply a great v>iety ( artificial foliage1 "s ( :i* may be us$ to advantage1 9 case "w especially4 ,dri$ mosses & li*5s ( v>i\s sorts may be us$ 9 ?is4 ,"s ( ^! p[d]$ & glu$ on papi] ma*e or cork b>k /umps & limbs produce a v pleas+ effect4 ,sn[ sc5es are frequ5tly attempt$ b are n always a success4 ,! peculi> fluffy & glitt]+ appe>ance is r difficult to reproduce4 ,torn or gr\nd up :ite blott+ pap] mix$ ) a little gr\nd mica has be5 us$ = ?is purpose4 ,glass icicles are li/$ by deal]s & are q natural 9 appe>ance1 b ! simulation ( wat] is difficult & (t5 disappo9t+4 ,x is (t5 desirable to m\nt small specim5s1 ( birds especially1 9 cases ( "s k9d :i* w protect !m f du/1 dirt & r\gh h&l+ & at ! same "t display !m to advantage4 ,! olde/ & at ! same "t ! lea/ suitable contrivance = ?is is ! well kn[n bell glass or globe4 ,x is difficult to f9d a safe place = ?is 9 ! av]age h\se & x is n at all adapt$ to _m specim5s4 ,a pla9 wall case ) glass front & a pa9t$ or decorat$ backgr\nd w give ! necess>y protection ) ! lea/ exp5se4 ,= small bird gr\ps1 & s+les & pairs ( game birds1 ! oval convex glasses probably pres5t ! f9e/ appe>ance4 ,! backgr\nds = ^! may be ei!r plu% or wood panels or h& pa9t$1 & any /yle ( picture fram+ may be us$4 ,^! are made 9 sev]al sizes1 li/+ at #b4jj to #h4jj ea* )\t backgr\nds or frames4 ,?is co/ has probably prev5t$ _! m common use4 ,!re is on ! m>ket a papi] ma*e backgr\nd also adapt$ to any picture frame1 call$ ! concave du/ pro( case4 ,?is has ! flat face glass ( ! old /yle wall case1 b ) ! squ>e corn]s & mu* ( ! weight elim9at$4 ,any ( ^! /yles ( wall cases may be plac$ on %elves z well z hung on ! wall l pictures1 at once prev5t+ breakage & becom+ valuable decorations4 ,special cases are (t5 built 7z 9 museums7 = l>ge & valuable m\nt$ specim5s4 ,( ^! ! top & at lea/ ?ree sides %\ld be ( glass4 ,! prep>+ & plac+ ( ! accessories 9 "s l>ge museum cases h requir$ an unbelievable am\nt ( "t & exp5se to atta9 ! desir$ natural appe>ance ( ! m\nt+4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,field ,,"w1 ,,collect+4 ,:ile x is unlikely t _m read]s ( ?is book w und]take ! collection ( natural hi/ory specim5s 9 any great numb]s or z a special bus9ess1 a few words on ! subject may n be amiss4 ,x is well to be> 9 m9d t ! bett] ! condition ( ! specim5 :5 x fir/ comes to h&1 ! great] w be our *ances ( success 9 prop]ly pres]v+ x4 ,a small bird %ot ) a rifle is n wor? bo!r+ ) unless excessively r>e1 & a fur be>] :i* ! dogs h be5 all[$ to maul & *ew is v difficult to put 9 satisfactory condition4 ,"o rule ( ! collector 9 ! field is to %oot ea* specim5 ) ! smalle/ possible *>ge ( %ot & p[d] :i* w kill x4 ,i speak ( %oot+1 z probably ?ree-f\r?s ( ! objects m\nt$ by ! av]age taxid]mi/ h be5 kill$ ) fire arms4 ,( late ye>s a numb] ( collector's guns h be5 put out by ! arms mak]s1 ?\gh any good small bore %otgun w answ] = collect+ all ( our small & m$ium siz$ ,am]ican birds & mammals4 ,"s ( ^! guns ( ab\t 4#dd cal4 are exce$+ly accurate & reliable p]=m]s4 ,9 "o case ?is small bore %otgun has be5 comb9$ ) a rifle1 & ! light weight & portability ( ?is little arm makes x ab\t ! la/ ^w 9 guns = collect+ all small specim5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>ble',s ,,%ot ,,gun ,,& ,,rifle ,,comb9$4 ,x z well z o!r s+le guns ( ! same bore1 is built to use a r\nd ball 9 ! %ot b>rel1 mak+ !m capable ( /opp+ de] or be> at %ort ranges4 ,h[ev]1 *oos+ a gun is l *oos+ a wife1 e "o has _! own ta/es4 ,i w\ld advise ! w\ld-be collector to load 8 own %otgun %ells1 at lea/ ^? = small birds & animals1 z x is almo/ impossible to get factory load$ %ells b :at are *>g$ too heavily4 ,= ! collection ( animals = taxid]mic purposes ! use ( traps w probably yield "s ( ! be/ z well z ! m r>e & unusual v>ieties4 ,su* /yles ( traps z lea/ injure ! appe>ance ( ! f9i%$ specim5 are pref]r$4 ,! old-fa%ion$ sn>e1 dead-fall & box trap are z good z any 9 ?is respect4 ,! wire spr+ or *oke traps ( ,/op ,?ief /yle are ahead ( ! common /eel trap 9 ?is respect1 b l ! homemade traps _c be us$ 9 s _m v>i\s situations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/op ,,?ief ,,or ,,*oke ,,trap4 ,wat] animals tak5 9 /eel traps may usually be quickly dr[n$4 ,if set on l& !y %\ld be t5d$ (t5 to prev5t suff]+ & usually mutilation ( ! trapp$ game4 ,full in=mation on ?is subject w be f\nd 9 ,sci5ce ( ,trapp+ & o!r books on special animals by same publi%]4 ,! naturali/ uses m small traps ?an l>ge ones 9 mo/ cases2 _m1 _m m specim5s be+ tak5 9 ,no4 #a's ?an 9 be> traps4 ,sev]al /yles ( m\se & rat traps are useful 9 collect+ ! small] mammals1 su* z mice1 rats & gr\nd squirrels ( v>i\s species4 ,fi% are to be collect$ any way y c get 'em1 7legally at lea/74 ,_m v>ieties ( ^! are to be b\ght at ! l>ge m>kets & _m r>e & hide\s specim5s are disc>d$ by m>ket fi%]m5 :5 cull+ _! cat*es4 ,a few ye>s ago be=e mu* re/riction 0 impos$ on ! sale ( game x 0 possible to pur*ase _m desirable ?+s at ! m>kets ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,n only be> & de]1 b elk1 pt>migan1 arctic h>es1 sage & prairie gr\se1 fox squirrels1 pileat$ woodpeck]s & _m o!r odds & ends 7 (f]$ = sale z well z all ! usual l& & wat] game4 ,h[ev] y take y\r specim5s or h[ badly damag$ !y may be :5 !y rea* y\r h&s x behooves y to see t no fur!r damage befalls !m4 ,specim5s :5 %ot %\ld h all possible blood & dirt bru%$ or wa%$ f fea!rs or fur & all %ot holes1 z well z m\? & no/rils plugg$ ) a wisp ( cotton to prev5t fur!r soil+4 ,an awl1 or piece ( wire w be useful = ?is4 ,blood %\ld be remov$ f :ite fur or fea!rs z soon z possible or x w be /a9$ m or less4 ,small birds %\ld be dropp$ head fir/ into a pap] cone1 & laid 9 a basket or box if possible1 ! common hunt+ coat pocket is apt to break delicate fea!rs1 ?\gh if ! bird is well wrapp$ x may d4 ,fur be>]s w /& m r\gh usage & may be ti$ toge!r by heads or feet or pack$ 9 game bag or pocket4 ,fi% %\ld be wrapp$ 9 pap] to protect ! scales4 ,x goes )\t say+ t specim5s :i* x is plann$ to pres]ve %\ld be kept cool if possible until "w c be />t$ on !m4 ,"s v>ieties spoil m quickly ?an o!rs2 fi% eat+ birds ne$ quick att5tion2 mo/ birds ( ! hawk & owl family keep well1 z d ! pheasants1 gr\se1 etc4 ,froz5 animals keep p]fectly 9 t /ate b spoil quickly aft] ?aw+4 ,keep away f bl[ flies4 ,specim5s are (t5 s5t to ! taxid]mi/s 9 app>5t good ord] & :5 receiv$ are entirely ru9$ by fly maggots2 ! eggs be+ deposit$ be=e pack+ & %ipp+4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,sk9n+ ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,sk9s4 ,) a suitable specim5 at h& x is = u to decide if we %all m\nt x or pres]ve x z a sk9 tempor>ily or indef9itely4 ,to illu/rate we w presume t we h a muskrat j f ! trap :i* is to be m\nt$ at once4 ,be=e sk9n+ x is be/ to get "s measurem5ts to guide u 9 ! lat] "w4 ,9 ?is case :]e ! sk9 is to be m\nt$ imm$iately a simple outl9e is suffici5t1 z we w h ! body 9 ! fle% & all ! leg bones1 etc41 to guide u 9 rebuild+ ! creature4 ,to get su* outl9e1 lay ! animal on its side on a piece ( blank pap]1 put ! feet & legs 9 "s natural position1 fa/5 !m 9 place ) a few p9s & m>k ar\nd ! entire animal ) a p5cil4 ,! eye1 hip & %\ld] jo9ts1 & base ( skull may be indicat$ on ?is outl9e %eet4 ,our muskrat is a trapp$ & dr[n$ "o s we w n h to replace ! %ot hole plugs ) fre% ones1 z w\ld be be/ if x _h be5 kill$ ) ! gun4 ,also x has be5 dead long en\gh = ! rigor mortis to prev5t ! free fl[ ( blood & body juices :i* bo!r ! op]ator if x has be5 kill$ b an h\r or less4 ,illu/ration3 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,muskrat4 ,,hip ,,& ,,%\ld] ,,jo9ts ,,m>k$ ,lay+ ! animal on its back1 make ! op5+ cut by pu%+ ! knife po9t ?r\gh ! sk9 at ! juncture ( neck & *e/4 ,run ! blade d[n betwe5 sk9 & fle%1 sep>at+ ! sk9 9 a long clean cut to ! root ( ! tail4 ,op5 ! tail also along ! "u side f ! tip to )9 an in* or s ( its base4 ,slit op5 ! sole ( ea* foot f ! middle toe to ! heel & fur!r if necess>y s ! leg sk9 may be turn$ d[n ov] ! foot4 ,beg9n+ at ?is c5tral cut1 sk9 back ea* side until ! %\ld] & hip jo9ts are enc\nt]$4 ,b5d+ ! limb w %[ ! exact jo9t :]e ! muscles are cut ap>t & ! legs sev]$ f ! body4 ,cut (f ! tail ne> its base1 leav+ x 9 ! sk9 = ! pres5t4 ,loos5 ! sk9 f back & %\ld]s & turn x wrong side out ov] ! head4 ,sk9 d[n until ! e>s are rea*$1 cutt+ !m (f close d[n to ! head & cont9ue on to ! eyes4 ,"w c>efully ar\nd ^! & cut close to ! skull to avoid hack+ ! eyelids4 ,cut ?r\gh ! nose c>tilage1 & :5 ! lips are rea*$ cut !m away close to ! gums1 leav+ bo? _! inn] & out] sk9 on ! pelt4 ,cutt+ !m (f at ! edge ( ! hair is a frequ5t cause ( tr\ble z !y are full & fle%y & %\ld be split1 p>$ d[n on ! inside & :5 m\nt$1 fill$ out to _! natural %ape to p]fect ! anatomy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sk9n+ ,,small ,,animal ,,= ,,m\nt+4 ,,cut ,,on ,,dott$ ,,l9es4 ,n[ ! sk9 ( ea* leg may be turn$ wrong side out d[n to ! toes & all fle% & muscle cut away f ! leg bones ) knife & scissors4 ,! tail also is to be remov$ f its sk9 & ! e>s turn$ wrong side out to _! tips4 ,9 sk9n+ no fle% ( any consequ5ce %\ld be left adh]+ to ! sk9 & x %\ld nev] be pull$ (f by ma9 /r5g?1 b r sep>at$ by ! knife or f+]s1 pu%+ ! fle% away f ! sk9 r ?an ! rev]se4 ,! skull %\ld n[ be clean$ z ! leg bones 7 & if a numb] ( specim5s are be+ prep>$ at ! same "t ! heads may be put 9 a kettle & boil$ a %ort "t1 :5 on try+ ) a =k or awl ! fle% becomes t5d] & may be rapidly remov$ ) a knife4 ,! bra9 may be remov$ ) a hook$ wire1 ! skull well r9s$ inside & out & giv5 a good coat ( ars5ical pa/e or o!r pres]vative4 ,! next /ep is det]m9$ by :at y int5d do+ ) ! sk94 ,if x is to be kept = purposes ( /udy )\t m\nt+ x %\ld be made up z a sci5tific sk94 ,if to be m\nt$ at once or 9 ! ne> future x %\ld be put 9 ! j> ( salt & acid or alum4 ,x c ( c\rse be m\nt$ at once )\t ?is ba? b ,i believe x is well wor? any extra "w x entails4 ,"s "y furr$ animals & o!rs ) v delicate sk9s d n "w up well f ! ba? & _h be/ be m\nt$ )\t x1 be+ h&l$ m z bird sk9s are4 ,9 sk9n+ ! l>g] quadrup$s we make two additional cuts1 f ! "r to ! c5tral l9e & out to ! left =e foot & a simil> cut connect+ ! h9d feet4 ,^! op5+ cuts are on ! back & inside ( ! legs1 y w und]/&4 ,) mo/ l>ge subjects ano!r cut f ! %\ld]s up ! back ( ! neck is necess>y4 ,on animals hav+ horns or antl]s ?is is t]m9at$ 9 a ,y or ,t %ape1 rea*+ ! base ( ! antl]s4 ,aft] loos5+ ! sk9 ar\nd ! antl]s ! head is remov$ ?r\gh ?is incision4 ,z x is h>dly possible to make an outl9e sket* ( a l>ge animal1 z full a set ( measurem5ts z possible is useful 9 all cases4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sk9n+ ,,l>ge ,,animal ,,= ,,m\nt+4 ,,cut ,,on ,,dott$ ,,l9es4 ,! bones ( ! legs w be 9 ! way atta*$ to ! sk9 & ! two upp] bones ( ea* leg may be deta*$ & if lack ( space or transportation make x necess>y1 ?r[n away1 ?\gh if ! bones ( "o h9d leg & "o front leg are pres]v$ artificial duplicates may be c>v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sk9n+ ,,bird-,,brea/ ,,cut4 ,9 sk9n+ birds1 aft] fre% cotton plugs h be5 put 9 place ! fea!rs are p>t$ & ! op5+ incision made ?r\gh ! sk9 only f ! middle ( ! brea/ to ! root ( ! tail4 ,sep>ate ! sk9 & fle% on ea* side until ! knee is rea*$1 pu% ?is up until ! knife or scissors c be pass$ "u x & ! leg sev]$ at ! jo9t4 ,a little corn meal spr9kl$ on ! expos$ fle% & ! op]ator's f+]s w prev5t ! fea!rs adh]+ & becom+ soil$ z ! "w proce$s4 ,cut (f ! fle% 9 :i* ! tail quills are root$ leav+ x on ! sk9 ) "o or two ( ! la/ v]tebrae4 ,use c>e 9 ?is or y w cut ! sk9 above ! tail too4 ,! body may n[ be hung up by a cord ti$ to ! /ump ( "o ( ! legs & bo? h&s us$ 9 sep>at+ & turn+ ! sk9 back until ! w+s are rea*$4 ,! sk9 is loos5$ ar\nd ^! & !y may be sev]$ at ! elb[ jo9t unless ! bird is to be m\nt$ ) w+s spread1 :5 x w be be/ to unjo9t at ! %\ld] & pres]ve ! entire w+ bones4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hood$ ,,m]gans]4 ,) ! w+s deta*$ we sk9 on to ! base ( ! skull4 ,9 "s ( ! ducks1 & o!r wat] birds1 woodpeck]s & owls ! neck is s sl5d] & ! skull s l>ge t x is necess>y to cut ! neck (f "h & mak+ a cut d[n ! back ( ! head & neck cont9ue ! sk9n+ ( ! head ?r\gh x4 ,d n cut or te> ! membrane ( ! e>s b pull x out ) ! =ceps & "w d[n ov] ! eyes1 cutt+ ! membrane connect+ ! sk9 b n ! lids or eyeball itself4 ,! liquid cont5ts ( ! eye are p>ticul>ly /icky & difficult to remove f fea!rs4 ,cont9ue sk9n+ to ! base ( ! bill1 scoop ! eyes f _! sockets & cut loose ! =w>d "p ( ! skull f ! neck4 ,?is is usually accompli%$ ) f\r snips ( ! scissors mu* easi] to practice ?an to describe4 ,make "o cut on ea* side ( ! head1 ?r\gh ! small bone connect+ ! base ( ! l[] jaw ) ! skull1 ano!r ?r\gh ! ro( ( ! m\? at ! base ( ! upp] m&ible & betwe5 ! jaws ( ! l[]1 & ! la/ ?r\gh ! skull beh9d ! eyes & p>allel ) ! ro( ( ! m\?4 ,?is w free ! skull ( ! neck & mo/ ( its fle% & muscle4 ,9 mo/ cases ! head %\ld be return$ to ! sk9 z soon z possible to avoid its dry+ out ( %ape & giv+ ! fea!rs a wrong set4 ,aft] clean+ & poison+ ! skull & fill+ ! eye sockets ) cotton ?is rev]s+ is und]tak54 ,if work+ on a small bird ! le>n] is apt to come to grief "h1 z only by c>eful & pati5t "w )\t ! application ( "s =ce is ! return+ process accompli%$ successfully4 ,! w+s & legs may n[ be sk9n$ d[n to ! fir/ jo9t & all fle% & muscle remov$ f ! bones4 ,?is is done exp$iti\sly by snipp+ (f ! end ( ! leg bone & /ripp+ x d[n ) adh]+ fle% to ! ankle jo9t :]e x 7! fle%7 is cut (f4 ,! w+s are sk9n$ to ! fir/ jo9t1 /ripp+ ! w+ prim>y fea!rs f _! fa/5+ on ! bone ) ! ?umb nail1 clipp+ (f ! l>ge bone ne> ! end & deta*+ ! small bone ) all fle% & muscle adh]+4 ,if ?is is clipp$ (f at ! wri/ jo9t ! entire w+ is clean$4 ,?is me?od applies to all small & m$ium birds n want$ ) spread w+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,op5+ ,,cut ,,on ,,bird4 ,op5+ & ,clean+ ,w+ f ,und]nea? ,= ,spread ,w+ ,m\nt+4 ,9 case w+ spread is want$ ! prim>y fea!rs are n di/urb$ b t "p ( ! w+ is clean$ f a slit 9 ! "u side ( ! w+4 ,all b ! smalle/ birds %\ld h ! tip jo9t ( ! w+ slit op5 on ! "u side & "s =m ( pres]vative work$ 9 ! op5+4 ,specim5s ! size ( a cr[ & l>g] %\ld h a cut made 9 ! bottom ( ! foot & ! t5dons ( ! l[] leg drawn out ) an awl1 & 9 ! case ( v l>ge birds x may be necess>y to soak ! unfea!r$ "p ( ! legs & feet 9 a pan ( /rong pickle = #bd h\rs1 to prev5t decay & damage f insects4 ,our bird is n[ entirely ready = ! application ( su* pres]vatives z we may be us+4 ,! ma9 pr9ciple 9 ! pres]v+ ( sk9s may be /at$ ?us3 ,all sk9s mu/ be remov$ & clean$ ( fle% s ! pres]vative may be appli$ to e "p ( ! inn] surface1 :]e x w act directly on ! roots ( ! hair or fea!rs4 ,! pres]vative appli$1 we mu/ decide on ! next /ep1 :e!r x is to be m\nt$ at once1 9 a %ort "t1 or laid away indef9itely z a sci5tific sk94 ,if we h to lay x away until tomorr[1 put a little cotton inside to prev5t ! inn] surface /ick+ toge!r1 wrap 9 a damp clo? & unless ! wea!r is v hot x w be all "r4 ,if v hot or x is necess>y to lay x aside = "s days1 ! inn] side %\ld be well coat$ ) ! c>bolic & glyc]9e mixture4 ,z a sci5tific sk9 x %\ld be made up at once1 tagg$ ) a full set ( measurem5ts tak5 be=e sk9n+ & laid aside to dry4 ,^! measurem5ts are n ne$$ if we m\nt x at once1 z ! sk9n$ body is at h& = comp>ison1 b ! sex1 date1 locality & collector's "n %\ld be atta*$ to ! complet$ specim54 ,alligators & ! liz>d family are sk9n$ l ! o!r f\r-foot$ species1 z are snakes & fi%1 ) ! exception !y h no limb bones to be clean$ & pres]v$4 ,fi% are bett] op5$ along "o side ?an ! c5tral l9e ( ! body4 ,reptile sk9s if n put 9 ! pickle j> _h bett] be pack$ 9 salt aft] poison+ z :5 entirely dry !y are practically ru9$4 ,sk9s ( fi% are be/ kept 9 ei!r a saturat$ solution ( salt 7wat] ) salt add$ until no m w dissolve71 alcohol or =maldehyde solution4 ,:atev] me?od is us$ ! delicate colors w vani% & unless y c h a fre% specim5 at h& :5 m\nt+ x y %\ld make ! be/ color record y are able4 ,?is is true to "s ext5t at lea/ ( all cov]+s ( fur1 fea!rs1 or scales1 & ! /rong] ! light ! m damage4 ,i h se5 a m\nt$ m9k plac$ 9 direct sun%9e1 blea*$ to a drab & ! yell[ fea!rs on a 'flick] fad$ almo/ :ite4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve turtles1 aft] kill+ ) *lor(orm pref]ably1 x is necess>y 9 ! case ( ! box or l& turtles to cut a squ>e op5+ 9 ! "u %ell ?r\gh :i* ! body may be remov$ & ! legs & neck sk9n$4 ,! wat] species c h ! l[] %ell deta*$ f ! upp] at ! side & aft] cutt+ ! sk9 ar\nd ! re> two-?irds ?is %ell is turn$ ov] to ! front & ! sk9n+ & clean+ proce$$ )4 ,if n m\nt$ at once make into a dry sk9 aft] poison+ or small turtles may be put 9 alcohol4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,mak+ ,,sci5tific ,,sk9s4 ,probably mo/ bird sk9s :i* are n m\nt$ at once are kept 9 ! =m ( sci5tific sk9s4 ,9 o!r words !y are sk9n$1 poison$ & )\t wir+1 giv5 ! %ape ( ! dead bird4 ,_! plumage1 size1 etc41 may be exam9$1 !y are easily pack$ or %ipp$ &1 if prop]ly made1 may be m\nt$ at any "t b at ! exp5diture ( consid]ably m "w ?an a fre%ly tak5 sk9 requires4 ,! in/ructions on sk9n+ leaves u ) ! sk9 wrong side out ) ! exception ( possibly ! head4 ,! leg & w+ bone1 clean$ ( fle%1 %\ld be well poison$ z well z ! sk9 & aft] wrapp+ ) pieces ( cotton bat to _! approximate size1 return$ to _! places4 ,x is well :5 do+ ?is to "u r ?an ov] fill4 ,connect ! bones ( ! w+s ) a bit ( ?read or cord4 ,aft] fill+ out ar\nd ! eyes & upp] ?roat1 w9d a small /ick or piece ( wire ) cotton to a size a little small] ?an ! natural neck & pu% x into ! op5+ at ! back ( skull4 ,! body c be fill$ out n[ ) raw cotton1 t[1 or any simil> sub/ance n ( animal orig94 ,f9e excelsior is ab\t "r = l>ge birds4 ,! edges ( ! op5+ cut may be drawn toge!r by a few co>se /it*es4 ,aft] ! feet h be5 ti$ toge!r x is "t to adju/ all ! fea!rs become well rumpl$ 9 h&l+4 ,our f+]s1 =ceps & a sett+ ne$le made ( a l>ge ne$le or "p ( a hat p9 9 a wood5 h&le w accompli% ?is4 ,/a9$ or dirty plumage %\ld be clean$ be=e ! sk9 is fill$ out1 by fir/ spong+ ) tepid wat]1 !n ) gasol9e or b5z9e & dry+ ) pla/] ( p>is or corn meal4 ,nev] apply ?is )\t ! gasol9e fir/ or y w h tr\ble inde$4 ,n[ ! sk9 is ready = its label1 :i* %\ld supply ! foll[+ in=mation3 #a4 ,l5g? 9 in*es f tip ( tail to end ( tail4 #b4 ,di/ance betwe5 ! tips ( out/ret*$ w+s4 #c4 ,l5g? ( w+ f ! fir/ jo9t4 #d4 ,color ( eyes1 feet1 bill1 etc4 #e4 ,date1 locality1 collector4 #f4 ,! sex4 ,! fir/ ?ree items are (t5 comb9$1 9 ! case ( a bluebird = in/ance1 #g-ab-d1 ! ord] be+ und]/ood4 ,unless ! plumage pla9ly indicates ! sex ?is %\ld be assur$ by exam9ation ( ! sk9n$ body4 ,by mak+ an op5+ 9 ! side ( ?is ne> ! back bone ! inside surface ( ! small ( ! back is expos$4 ,9 ! case ( ! male !re w be visible two r\nd$ bodies1 v>y+ 9 size ) ! season & species1 & 9 ! female a flatt5$ mass ( sph]es4 ,aft] label+ & fa/5+ ! bill toge!r ) a p9 or ?read ! sk9 %\ld be slipp$ inside a pap] tube to dry4 ,wat] birds ) long sl5d] necks %\ld h ! head b5t ar\nd beside ! body & ! long legs ( wad]s are b5t at ! ankle & left re/+ on ! body2 ?is to prev5t breakage4 ,duck1 geese & any fat birds ne$ ! inside ( ! sk9s well scrap$1 spong$ ) gasol9e1 p>tly fill$ ) pla/] p>is & left = sev]al h\rs s all grease may be absorb$4 ,?is grease %\ld be remov$ prior to apply+ ! pres]vative z x w prev5t any effectual p5etration by ! latt]4 ,aft] clean+ ei!r ! inside or out ( a sk9 ) pla/] x w be necess>y to g5tly beat x ) a :isk broom or some?+ simil> to dislodge ! p>ticles ( pla/]4 ,a curr5t ( air 7f a bicycle pump1 = in/ance7 w remove ! du/ f ! fea!rs :5 dry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sci5tific ,,sk9s1 ,,small ,,animals ,,& ,,birds4 ,fewe/ dry sci5tific sk9s are made up f ! quadrup$s1 b 9 case ! matt] ( transportation prev5ts wet pres]vation or !y are want$ dry ! all ar\nd taxid]mi/ mu/ practice at mak+ !m up also4 ,l ! bird sk9 !y %\ld be ?or\ghly rid ( fle% & fat aft] sk9n+ b d n require su* f9ical h&l+4 ,r9s+ 9 wat] ) a little wa%+ p[d] or soda add$ w remove blood /a9s & "s grease b ! b5z9e ba? ) ! dry+ aft]1 z recomm5d$ 9 ! *apt] on tann+1 etc41 w be ne$$ 9 case ( v fat specim5s4 ,all small animals are made up ab\t ! same z birds1 wrapp+ ! leg bones 9 t[1 oakum or cotton & fill+ out ! body ) ! same mat]ial4 ,! skull clean$ & poison$ _h be/ be put 9 ! c5tre ( ! body ) ! fill+1 :5 x c be f\nd at any "t by ripp+ a few ( ! /it*es4 ,! sk9 ( ! head is fill$ out ) ! same mat]ial & ! tail may ei!r be b5t up "u ! body or drawn toge!r by a few /it*es ar\nd a wrapp$ wire ext5d+ into ! body half its l5g?4 ,( c\rse ! op]ator w see t ! entire inn] surface ( ! sk9 is treat$ lib]ally ) "s pres]vative1 ars5ical pa/e pref]ably1 be=e ! fill+ process4 ,aft] /it*+ up ! op5+ cut ! sk9 is laid on a bo>d1 back up & ! legs neatly dispos$1 ! front feet beside ! head & ! h9d ones drawn back beside ! tail4 ,! feet are fa/5$ ) a p9 ea* & aft] smoo?+ d[n ! fur ) a small metal fur comb ! sk9 is laid aside 9 an airy1 %ady place until fully dry4 ,) ea* sci5tific sk9 a record %\ld be made ( ! foll[+ details3 #a4 ,l5g?1 end ( nose to root ( tail4 #b4 ,l5g? ( tail f root to end ( bone4 #c4 ,height at %\ld]s4 #d4 ,color ( eyes1 lips1 feet1 etc4 #e4 ,"n ( species1 sex1 locality1 date1 & collector's "n4 ,^! may be not$ d[n on a corn] ( ! outl9e %eet1 :i* is numb]$ & fil$ away2 ! sk9 tagg$ ) a duplicate numb] is put 9 ! pickle j> or made up z a dri$ sk91 :i*ev] is desir$1 or ! full in=mation may be put on a tag atta*$ to ! sk94 ,_m collectors simply numb] all specim5s & pres]ve all in=mation 9 _! note books4 ,! =ego+ details are suffici5t = animals less ?an be> & de] 9 size4 ,! l>g] animals %\ld h z _m z possible ( ! foll[+ additional measurem5ts3 ,di/ance hip jo9t to %\ld] jo9t4 ,circumf]5ce ( =e>m4 neck4 body4 ,back ( leg4 ,weight if possible4 ,sk9s ( l>ge animals1 a be> = in/ance1 may h a slight wrapp+ ( t[ or excelsior on ! leg bones to prev5t _! com+ 9 contact ) ! sk9 & ! :ole sk9 laid to dry on a scaffold ( poles or some?+ simil>4 ,:5 ne>ly dry fold up ) ! legs inside 9 a squ>e %ap$ package4 ,?is c be ti$ up ) heavy cord or ev5 sew$ up 9 burlap to prev5t damag+ ! sk9 9 transit4 ,fi% & reptiles are n a success z dry sk9s4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,prep>+ ,,dry ,,& ,,wet ,,sk9s ,,= ,,m\nt+4 ,let u assume t we h a dry sk9 ea* ( a small bird & a furr$ animal :i* has be5 prop]ly made up sometime 9 ! pa/ & :i* x is necess>y to m\nt4 ,tak+ ! bird sk9 fir/1 ! usual way is to fir/ wrap ! unfea!r$ p>ts ( legs 9 "s /rips ( cotton clo? saturat$ ) wat] conta9+ a few drops ( c>bolic acid until !y beg9 to relax or lose _! /iffness some:at4 ,!n ! fill+ may be remov$ f ! :ole int]ior ( ! sk9 & be replac$ ) pieces ( cotton1 damp5$ z be=e1 & ! :ole sk9 wrapp$ 9 a clo? or %ut 9 a close box until ) "s scrap+ & manipulation x becomes z pliable z :5 fir/ remov$4 ,any little lumps ( dri$ muscle %\ld be brok5 up & ! edges ( ! op5+ cut1 scrap$ & /ret*$ out z !y are v apt to wr9kle & curl up1 ?us r$uc+ ! size ( ! sk9 consid]ably4 ,! eye sockets are to be fill$ ) balls ( wet cotton to r5d] ! lids & surr\nd+ sk9 s(t4 ,! roots ( quills & tufts ( l>ge fea!rs w ne$ loos5+ z "s fle% is necess>ily left ar\nd !m4 ,! small animal sk9 may be treat$ ! same way b ! mo/ ?or\gh & exp$iti\s me?od ( relax+ sk9s ( bo? animals & birds 7except ! smalle/ ( ! latt]7 is to plunge !m into wat]1 cle> 9 cool wea!r1 slightly c>boliz$ 9 w>m1 until !y are pretty well relax$4 ,!n g aft] ! inn] side ) scrap] until any lumps ( fat1 muscle & ! inn] sk9 are well scrat*$ up4 ,soak 9 b5z9e or gasol9e & clean ) hot meal1 s&1 sawdu/ or pla/] z direct$ = tann+4 ,rememb] t bird sk9s mu/ be h&l$ c>efully1 s d n be too /r5u\s 9 beat+ & %ak+ !m4 ,( c\rse if any sk9 has be5 laid away ) quantities ( fat adh]+ x w ne$ v g+]ly h&l+ to save x1 9 fact unless v r>e su* sk9s are n wor? try+ to save z !y h little durability h[ev] treat$4 ,! l>ge/ pol> be> sk9 ,i ev] saw 0 ru9$ by ly+ 9 ! grease too long be=e dress+4 ,bird sk9s pres]v$ ) ! glyc]9e c>bolic prep>ation require relax+ ! legs & a clean+ & damp5+ up ( ! inside ( ! sk9s4 ,furr$ sk9s f ! pickle ne$ a good scrap+ on _! inn] surface1 ?or\gh r9s+ 9 soda solution to neutralize ! acid & remove all salt1 !n ! b5z9e ba? & clean+4 ,don't =get to r9se salt$ or pickl$ sk9s else beads ( moi/ure w =m on ! specim5 9 damp wea!r & cry/als ( salt 9 dry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,foot ,,sk9n$ ,,out4 ,occasionally an extra r>e sk9 w drop to pieces ?r\gh age or o!r infirmities :5 be+ prep>$ = m\nt+4 ,! only hope = x !n is to glue & p9 x piecemeal on a manik9 cov]$ ) "s prep>ation :i* gives x a firm surface4 ,:ile an exp]t w a*ieve fair results 9 su* "w ! amateur c\ld h>dly expect success4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,m\nt+ ,,small ,,& ,,m$ium ,,birds4 ,a ^w ( advice to ! beg9n] z to ! v>iety ( specim5 to use 9 fir/ trials4 ,don't beg9 on too small a bird until some:at adept2 unpractic$ f+]s bungle sadly ov] t9y fea!r$ bodies4 ,a fir/ subject %\ld be at lea/ z l>ge z a bob :ite to give room to "w1 & ( "s v>iety 9 :i* ! fea!rs are firmly emb$d$4 ,sn[ birds1 c>d9als1 & "s o!rs h v ?9 delicate sk9s1 ! pigeons %$ _! fea!rs on little or no provocation4 ,blackbirds & jays are v good to practice on b ! v be/ w\ld be a coot1 sometimes call$ cr[ duck or mudh54 ,x is ( fair size1 closely cov]$ ) fea!rs :i* w fall 9 place readily aft] sk9n+ & wir+ ev5 at ! h&s ( a beg9n]4 ,_m1 9 fact mo/1 birds h num]\s b>e pat*es :i* ! adjac5t fea!r$ tracts cov] p]fectly :ile 9 ! fle%1 b :i* a too g5]\s fill+ w exhibit 9 all _! nak$ness4 ,i _h n discov]$ ?is until "s ( my fir/ attempts at m\nt+ birds nonpluss$ me by %[+ num]\s pat*es ( b>e sk9 9 spite ( ! fact t b a few fea!rs _h become loos5$ 9 ! h&l+4 ,we w assume t a suitable specim5 is at h&1 fre%ly kill$ & prop]ly sk9n$ z p] ! directions already giv54 ,all bones rema9+ ) ! sk91 l[] leg1 w+1 skull1 etc41 h be5 /ripp$ ( fle% & any %r$s rema9+ poison$1 z has ! entire inn] surface ( sk94 ,) ! sk9n$ body at h& cut ?ree wires ( suitable size1 "o a little m ?an twice ! l5g? ( ! body & neck1 = ! body wire1 ! o!r two ab\t twice ! l5g? ( ! legs may be a size l>g] z x is important t ! leg wires furni% adequate support4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cl9*+ ,,leg ,,wires ,,9 ,,artificial ,,body ,,( ,,bird ,=m ! body wire into a loop :i* is ! outl9e ( ! body laid on "o side ) ! surplus end project+ along ! l9e ( ! neck4 ,?is loop %\ld n be q z l>ge z ! body1 h[ev]1 to all[ = a ?9 lay] ( fill+ mat]ial ov] x4 ,wad up a h&ful ( co>se t[1 pu% x inside ! body loop & w9d ) co>se ?read1 draw+ 9 by pressure & w9d+ & build+ out ) flakes ( t[ to a r\gh %ape ( ! sk9n$ body4 ,! neck also is built up ! same way1 mak+ x fully z ?ick z ! orig9al b no long] ev]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wire ,,loop ,,= ,,bird ,,body4 ,if ! wire projects m ?an a c\ple ( in*es f ?is artificial neck1 cut x (f at t l5g? & ) a flat file or em]y :eel give x a %>p triangul> po9t4 ,! leg wires1 too1 %\ld be po9t$ simil>ly4 ,all wire %\ld be smoo?1 /raight1 & free f k9ks to "w well4 ,com+ 9 coils x w require /raight5+1 ! l>g] sizes ) mallet or hamm] & ,no4 #ah & small] by fa/5+ "o end 9 ! vise & giv+ ! o!r a %>p tug ) a pair ( pli]s4 ,x w be felt to /ret* slightly & become q /raight4 ,next ins]t ! po9t$ end ( a leg wire 9 ! bottom ( ! foot & pass x up along ! back ( ! bone betwe5 x & ! sk94 ,a consid]able knack is necess>y to d ?is successfully & "s =ce mu/ be us$4 ,pass+ ! heel jo9t is difficult b hav+ done ?is & em]g$ inside ! sk9 cont9ue to pass x until x is a little long] ?an ! leg bone beside x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wir+ ,,leg ,,( ,,bird ,turn ! sk9 ( leg inside out & wrapp+ t[ ar\nd bo? bone & wire build up a duplicate ( ! leg f ?igh to heel1 wrapp+ snugly ) ?read4 ,treat ! o!r leg ! same4 ,) =ceps fill ! skull back ( m\? ) t[ cut 9 %ort pieces4 ,a quantity ( ?is may be *opp$ on ! block ) ! hat*et & kept on h& 9 a box4 ,nev] fill any "p ( a m\nt$ bird ) cotton unless x may be ! sockets z x is impossible to =ce a %>p5$ wire or p9 ?r\gh x4 ,! p>ts ( ! w+ bones rema9+ %\ld be wrapp$ ) t[ z ! legs are1 only !y h>dly ne$ any wir+ inside unless ! bird is to be ) w+s spread4 ,fa/5 ! ends ( ! w+ bones toge!r by a /\t cord or ?read s !y are sep>at$ ! di/ance betwe5 ! %\ld]s1 measur+ across ! back ( body4 ,n[ ins]t ! neck wire 9 ! back ( skull =c+ x out ?r\gh ! cr[n until ! artificial neck is br\ght snugly aga9/ ! op5+ at ! base ( ! skull4 ,b5d ! po9t$ end ov] to get x out ( ! way & adju/ ! sk9 ( ! neck4 ,draw ! sk9 ( brea/ ov] ! body keep+ ! bird on its back4 ,if ! body has be5 prop]ly made x w fill ! sk9 r loosely4 ,if too l>ge x c be remov$ & made small] be=e proce$+4 ,! op]ator w note t 9 all small & m$ium birds ! ?igh & ! upp] w+1 next ! %\ld] are n built up & wir$ ) ! re/ ( ! limbs b are fill$ out lat] f inside ! sk91 z 9 all ord9>y positions !y %[ b little ext]nally1 ! elb[ & knee jo9ts ne/l+ close to ! body among ! fea!rs4 ,s :5 fa/5+ ! legs to ! body let ! wires ent] :]e ! knee w\ld lie & pu% ! wire ?r\gh obliquely1 upw>d & =w>d1 pu%+ & draw+ !m ?r\gh ! artificial & natural leg until ! l[] ends approa* ! feet4 ,grasp+ ! %>p5$ ends ( ! leg wires at ! middle ( ! l5g? project+ f ! body1 ) r\nd nose pli]s b5d !m ov] 9 a hair p9 %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bird ,,wir$4 ,"w ?is loop back ?r\gh ! body pull+ back ?r\gh ! leg & cl9* ! po9ts ov] into ! body aga94 ,if ! body 0 firmly made z x %\ld be1 ?is fixes ! legs p]man5tly to x1 yet !y may be b5t readily at ! jo9ts to suit v>i\s attitudes4 ,adju/ ! sk9 n[ & fill out at %\ld]s1 ?ighs1 & base ( tail ) "s *opp$ t[4 ,! brea/ also may ne$ "s fill+4 ,sew up ! sk9 beg9n+ at ! brea/ & f9i%+ at ! base ( tail1 lac+ x toge!r ) ! ball cov] /it*4 ,! pose ( ! f9i%$ specim5 y h probably decid$ on be=e n[ s x only rema9s to put x 9 ! desir$ attitude4 ,?is s\nds easy1 l sculpture1 j knock (f :at /one y don't ne$ & !re is ! /atue1 b x may try y\r s\l at l5g? to obta9 ! desir$ effect4 ,good pictures are a great help "h1 z ( c\rse a liv+ duplicate w\ld be if y _h x4 ,be=e sett+ x on its feet1 coax ! w+s into place z y hold ! bird 9 y\r h& & p9 !m to ! body ?r\gh ! elb[ & out] jo9t ( ! w+1 us+ sev]al p9s #b to #d 94 long or pieces ( %>p5$ wire ! same size4 ,?is w hold ! w+s out ( ! way & !y may be *ang$ & fitt$ p]fectly lat]4 ,m\nt$ birds are usually put on tempor>y /&s ( r\gh bo>ds or limbs & :5 fully dri$ out transf]r$ to a p]man5t m\nt :i* c be prep>$ 9 ! meantime ( ! exact size & v>iety wi%$ =4 ,on ^! tempor>y /&s ! leg wires are only twi/$ toge!r s !y c be easily remov$4 ,place ! feet 9 natural positions ( /&+1 walk+ or runn+ & arrange ! toes correctly4 ,!y _h be/ h "s p9s driv5 9 beside ! toes to secure !m till dry1 z badly %ap$ feet w spoil ! effect ( an o!rwise f9e piece ( "w1 indicat+ a c>eless workman4 ,if on a b\gh or /ump ! feet %\ld grasp x z if ! bird really means to /ay on x4 ,two or ?ree wires l ^? us$ on ! w+s hold ! tail 9 place by be+ driv5 ?r\gh ! base ( x into ! body = half _! l5g?4 ,fix ! head look+ d[n r ?an up & to "o side r ?an /raight ahead4 ,if y h ! prop] glass eyes at h& !y c be set n[1 if n1 lat] w d b ! lids are relax$ j n[ to receive !m4 ,fill ! back ( ! sockets ) t[ or cotton & ) a little spoon-%ap$ model+ tool give ?is & ! inn] surface ( ! lids a good coat+ ( s(t clay4 ,! eyes1 cut f ! wire /em on :i* mo/ ( !m come1 are press$ into ?is & ! sk9 work$ into place ) ! po9t ( a big ne$le or a small awl4 ,n[ give ! plumage a g5]al go+ ov]1 re-p9 ! w+s if necess>y1 & w9d d[n any ob/rep]\s fea!rs ) ?read4 ,a numb] ( p9s or wires ?ru/ 9 ! middle ( back & brea/ w help ?is op]ation4 ,/>t+ at ! head w9d back to ! tail1 lac+ ! ?read f p9 to p91 n b9d+ tightly ) any "o ?read b produc+ a smoo? surface by hold+ x d[n at a multiplicity ( po9ts4 ,!re are a numb] ( s-call$ sy/ems = w9d+ birds b ! same taxid]mi/ seldom w9ds two alike z ! ne$s ( ! case are sure to diff]4 ,to spread ! tails ( small birds1 spread ! fea!rs z desir$ & p9 !m betwe5 two /rips ( light c>dbo>d4 ,:5 dry !y w reta9 _! position4 ,if all arrang$ prop]ly set ! bird away to dry2 two weeks w be suffici5t = ?is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bird ,,w\nd ,,) ,,?read4 ,any colors on bill or feet & legs %\ld be r5ew$ ) oil colors z !y fade almo/ entirely2 if ( a d>k or neutral color orig9ally1 a coat+ ( transp>5t v>ni% w d4 ,!re is a v>iety ( beetle :i* delights 9 d9+ on su* h>d p>ts ( m\nt$ birds if n protect$ by pa9t or v>ni%4 ,place ! bird on its f9al m\nt & fa/5 ! leg wires 9 grooves cut 9 ! "u side ( same s !y are flu% ) surface4 ,! ends may be turn$ ov] & driv5 9 aga9 or held fa/ by small /aples4 ,if on ! "u side ( a limb or bran* a p9* ( moss or li*5 glu$ on w cov] ?is fa/5+4 ,cut away ! b9d+ ?reads & ) cutt+ pli]s cut (f all project+ p9s & wires1 leav+ :at "p ( !m is cov]$ by ! fea!rs4 ,bru% any clay f ! eyes & if ! lids h %runk5 away f !m z !y d usually1 coat a bit ( black ?read ) glue & ) a sett+ ne$le place betwe5 ! lids & glass eyes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pose ,,or ,,position ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,birds ,if ! eyes 7 n on h& :5 fir/ m\nt$ ! lids %\ld h be5 relax$ & ! eyes set z soon z procur$4 ,small birds may be m\nt$ 9 flutt]+ attitudes by p9n+ ! w+s ) a bun* ( cotton b5ea? !m1 b if an attitude ) w+s fully spread is call$ = !y mu/ be treat$ 9 a mann] simil> to ! legs1 ins]t+ ! wire "u ! sk9 ne> ! tip ( ! w+ & runn+ x along ! "u side ( ! w+ bones to ! body ?r\gh :i* x is ?ru/ & cl9*$ z ! leg wires 74 ,illu/ration3 ,,flutt]+ ,,position ,,( ,,small ,,birds4 ,birds m\nt$ ) spread w+s _c be s readily w\nd to smoo? ! plumage & require to be brac$ ) /rips ( /iff pap] & sometimes extra wires1 :i* are remov$ :5 dry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,natural ,,/&+ ,,position ,,( ,,small ,,bird ,,on ,,limb4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,m\nt+ ,,l>ge ,,birds4 ,! same pr9ciples employ$ 9 ! manipulation ( small] species apply to ?is class ) b a few v>iations4 ,on acc\nt ( _! size & weight ! artificial bodies ne$ to be especially firm 9 ord] to af=d a secure an*orage = ! w+ & leg wires4 ,also ^! supports %\ld be fa/5$ to ! bones 9 sev]al places ) /\t cord or small wire1 z wrapp+ ) ! t[ & ?read us$ on small birds is h>dly suffici5t4 ,:at ,i w\ld class z be+ l>ge birds are ! l>g] hawks1 owls1 h]ons1 eagles1 geese1 etc4 ,! sev]al v>ieties ( ! o/ri* are kn[n z colossal birds & are sk9n$ & pres]v$ mu* z ! l>ge quadrup$s by m\nt+ ! prep>$ sk9 on a manik91 built 9 ! pose ( ! f9i%$ specim5 & support$ by heavy iron rods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bird ,,( ,,prey--,,limb ,,position4 ,9 m\nt+ eagles or simil> birds ) w+s spread1 :i* seems to be a popul> attitude1 use ! l>ge/ wires possible z any?+ less ?an t w1 on acc\nt ( _! size & wide ext5t1 t5d to a droop+1 back-boneless appe>ance entirely out ( keep+4 ,x goes )\t say+ t l>ge birds d n require ! delicate h&l+ ( small ones1 b by way ( comp5sation consid]able =ce is ne$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spread+ ,,tail ,,( ,,l>ge ,,birds4 ,run a small %>p wire ?r\gh ! quills on "u side ( tail to spread x4 ,! combs & wattles ( dome/ic & wild f[ls _c by any common process be prev5t$ f %rivel+ & discolor+ :ile dry+1 b :5 dry !y may be re/or$ by c>eful model+ 9 color$ wax4 ,?is is appli$ w>m ) a bru% & giv5 its f9al f9i% ) hot metal model+ tools4 ,= museum "w & o!r high grade "w su* heads are ca/ entire 9 wax 9 su* a way t all fea!rs & hair are atta*$ 9 _! precise places4 ,l>ge wat] f[l are (t5 m\nt$ z fly+1 & susp5d$ by a v f9e wire4 ,a %>p5$ wire ) a r+ turn$ 9 "o end1 ?ru/ into ! middle ( ! back & cl9*$ 9 ! body1 =ms a secure po9t ( susp5sion4 ,z x is n usually practicable to case _m specim5s ( l>ge birds1 give !m an extra ?or\gh poison+ & :5 entirely f9i%$ spray ) ei!r corrosive sublimate or ars5ical solution4 ,9 mak+ bodies = l>ge birds x is well to use excelsior = ! ma9 bulk ( ! body1 m]ely cov]+ ! outside ) a ?9 lay] ( t[4 ,?is is n only m economical b makes a light] specim5 ?an "o fill$ ) t[ entirely4 ,excelsior or wood wool is to be _h 9 v>y+ degrees ( f95ess ( uphol/]y deal]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spread ,,eagle4 ,,w+s ,,brac$ ,,up ,,to ,,dry4 ,9 ! case ( a bird :i* has be5 wir$ & sewn up seem+ to require fur!r fill+ out1 x c be accompli%$ 9 mo/ cases by mak+ an incision "u ea* w+ & introduc+ "s flakes ( t[ ) a wire /uff+ tool4 ,if ! bird is m\nt$ ) clos$ w+s ?is slit ne$ n ev5 be sew$ up z ! fold$ w+ cov]s x completely4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,tann+1 ,,clean+ ,,& ,,poison+ ,,sk9s4 ,i h us$ ! foll[+ me?od = "s ye>s successfully on sk9s up to & includ+ ! de] 9 size4 ,mo/ l>g] sk9s ne$ ?9n+ ) a special tool1 ?\gh an exp]i5c$ h& c manage to ?9 a heavy hide ) a common draw knife4 ,an empty l>d tub1 a half b>rel or a l>ge e>!nw>e j> to hold ! tan liquor1 a fle%+ knife & a fle%+ beam are necess>y to beg9 ) at lea/4 ,any smi? c make a knife ( an old1 l>ge file or rasp by work+ bo? sides to a blunt edge & draw+ ! upp] end out 9 a tang = ano!r h&le4 ,a piece ( old scy! blade ) clo? wrapp$ ar\nd ! ends w d1 or a dull draw knife1 ei!r4 ,"o blade fil$ into f9e tee? w be useful 9 remov+ ! inn] or muscul> sk94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fle%+ ,,knife4 7,made f old rasp7 ,a slab or plank #f or #g feet long1 ) "o end tap]$ & half r\nd$1 on #b or #d legs ( su* l5g? z to br+ ! end aga9/ ! workman's *e/1 makes a beam4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b5* ,,beam4 ,a %ort piece ( plank r\nd$ (f & bolt$ to ! top ( ! table or "w b5* w d = small sk9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,adju/able ,,beam4 ,make up ! quantity ( tann+ liquor y wi% by ! foll[+ =mula1 also giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,iii3 ,wat] #a gallon ,salt #a qu>t ,br+ to ! boil+ po9t to readily dissolve ! salt1 & add ,sulphuric acid #a fluid ounce ,all[ x to cool be=e putt+ 9 ! sk9s4 ,h&le ! undilut$ acid ) c>e4 ,use common co>se salt & ! comm]cial acid4 ,sk9s n want$ at once may be left 9 ?is pickle = mon?s )\t injury4 ,ab\t a gallon ( pickle to a fox size sk9 is ! correct am\nt1 b x may be us$ sev]al times be=e los+ its /r5g?4 ,aft] ! sk9 is remov$ f ! c>cass any blood & dirt is wa%$ f ! fur1 ! fle% side well salt$1 roll$ up & left #ab to #dh h\rs4 ,!n ?or\ghly beam or scrape d[n ! inside ( ! sk91 remov+ all fle%1 fat & muscles4 ,sk9s already dry may be plac$ ei!r 9 cle> wat] or tan liquor until !y s(t5 up4 ,x takes long] to s(t5 9 ! tan1 b if put 9 wat] x mu/ be wat*$ or ! hair w />t1 especially 9 w>m wea!r4 ,a v h>d1 dry sk9 mu/ be soak$ & scrap$ alt]nately until ?or\ghly relax$4 ,:5 well s(t5$1 treat same z a fre% sk94 ,if v fat or greasy1 soak ! sk9 9 b5z9e an h\r1 wr+ out well1 hang up till ! b5z9e is ab\t evaporat$1 !n place 9 ! tan4 ,if n v fat ! sk9 ne$ n be put 9 ! b5z9e fir/1 b g 9 ! tan at once aft] be+ scrap$4 ,i use common /ove gasol9e = b5z9e2 x is z good = ! purpose ( clean+ & deodoriz+1 & *eap]4 ,x mu/ nev] be us$ 9 ! vic9ity ( fire or a light$ lamp1 z its evaporation produces a v explosive gas4 ,= ?is reason ,i d ! clean+ & beat+ ( furs out ( doors if practicable4 ,gasol9e wrung out ( sk9s may be sav$ &1 aft] all[+ to settle1 us$ aga9 & aga94 ,x w n d = ! f9al clean+ ( :ite furs1 b = remov+ grease be=e tann+1 x is z good z any4 ,/ir ! sk9s ab\t 9 ! tan frequ5tly t all p>ts may come 9 contact ) ! solution4 ,light sk9s l ! fox w tan 9 #bd to #dh h\rs2 heavi] ones 9 proportional "t4 ,:5 on pull+ or /ret*+ ! fle% side1 x :it5s1 x is tann$4 ,on tak+ f ! tan1 r9se ! sk9 well 9 lukew>m wat] conta9+ a h&ful ( wa%+ soda to ! bucketful4 ,wr+ out ) ! h&s & soak aga9 9 b5z9e = half an h\r4 ,wr+ out ( ?is & clean ! fur at once z foll[s3 ,fill a %all[ box "p full ( clean s& or corn meal :i* has be5 heat$ 9 a pot or pan ov] ! fire or 9 an ov54 ,"w ! sk9 ab\t 9 ?is until ! fur is fill$ ) ! meal2 !n %ake or beat x out4 ,repeat ! work+ 9 meal & beat+ until ! fur is clean & bright4 ,nev] put a damp sk9 into ! meal )\t ! gasol9e ba? fir/1 or y w h ! "t ( y\r life gett+ ! meal out4 ,regul> fur dress]s use v f9e saw du/1 b meal is to be _h any:]e4 ,pla/] ( p>is w d1 b x is mo/ too f9e4 ,?is treatm5t ) gasol9e or b5z9e removes ! grease & animal odors s apt to cl+ to ,indian or home-dress$ sk9s4 ,aft] clean+1 all[ ! sk9 to p>tly dry 9 ! air & %ade2 !n s(t5 x by /ret*+1 pull+ & rubb+ 9 e "p4 ,!re is no way to accompli% ?is )\t "w4 ,a pad made ( old bags1 pieces ( blanket1 etc41 put on ! beam1 ! sk9 plac$ on t & /ret*$ 9 all directions ) ! blunt edge ( ! fle%+ knife is z good z any way4 ,keep up ! /ret*+ until ! sk9 is q dry4 ,if any "p %\ld dry out too fa/ = ! op]ator 7t is1 be=e x gets /ret*$7 x c be damp5$ ) wat] on ! fle% side & !n treat$ l ! re/4 ,if x is want$ extra s(t ! sk9 may be ?9n$ d[n ) s&pap]4 ,if ! dress$ sk9 is want$ to lie flat z = a rug1 x c be moi/5$ on ! fle% side2 !n /ret*$ out & tack$ fur side up on a bo>d1 ! table top or ! floor until dry4 ,if ?is %\ld cause x to h>d5 or /iff5 too mu* break x aga9 )\t /ret*+ too mu*4 ,ano!r v good tann+ solution is ! foll[+3 ,salt #a qu>t ,oxalic acid 7pulv]iz$7 #d ounces ,wat] #b gallons ,dissolve well & imm]se ! sk9s1 treat+ !m z already direct$1 r9s+ 9 cle> wat] only4 ,x is also be/ to all[ a little m "t = tann+ 9 ?is solution4 ,:ile on ! subject ( dress+ sk9s a few words 9 reg>d to clean+ furs w be 9 ord]4 ,:ite furs especially t h become soil$ & matt$ f use ne$ clean+ frequ5tly & are br\ght to ! furri] or taxid]mi/ = t purpose4 ,a good wa%+ 9 gasol9e w usually remove ! dirt1 !n dry out z 9 dress+ furs4 ,furri]s (t5 use p[d]$ magnesia = ?is purpose b almo/ any f9ely divid$ :ite p[d] w d ab\t z well4 ,a long siege ( beat+1 %ak+ & bru%+ w be necess>y to get ! dry+ p[d] all out ( ! fur s x w n sift out on ! g>m5ts :5 we>+4 ,if ! piece to be clean$ is l>ge 7l a coat or cloak7 ! l9+ %\ld be remov$ be=e clean+4 ,neck pieces & small furs are clean$ ) l9+s1 wadd+1 etc41 intact4 ,if ! fur is s matt$ t beat+ does n fluff x out1 x mu/ be comb$1 us+ a metal fur comb to break up ! tangles4 ,*>ges = ?is "w are bas$ on ! "t us$1 ?\gh at lea/ #ge;c4 or #a4jj ea* is *>g$ = ! small pieces4 ,z *emicals expos$ to ! *anges ( atmosph]e are likely to lose /r5g? 9 "t1 ! own]s ( m\nt$ heads g5]ally take ! precaution ( hav+ !m poison$ aga9/ mo? at v>y+ int]vals4 ,p]sonally ,i ?9k once 9 ?ree ye>s is suffici5t b "s pref] to be on ! safe side :]e valuable heads are conc]n$ & h !m treat$ ye>ly4 ,l>ge heads l buffalo1 moose1 & elk may be poison$ z !y hang1 ?us obviat+ any subsequ5t h&l+ :i* w\ld be to ! detrim5t ( bo? specim5 & op]ator4 ,heads ! size ( de] & small] are readily remov$ & replac$4 ,fir/ du/ ! head well & comb ! hair or pelt to detect ! pres5ce ( mo?4 ,if loose hairs reveal ?is ! head %\ld be remov$ to ! op5 air1 unscrew$ f ! %ield & saturat$ ) gasol9e1 :i* w kill bo? ! mo? & its eggs1 aft] :i* poison aga9/ a repetition ( ! (f5se4 ,p9 an old clo? or newspap]s ab\t ! neck to protect ! %ield & wall & spray ! entire sk9 ( ! head ) ! dilut$ ars5ical solution z recomm5d$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,se$sm5 sell a spray] = use on plants :i* is ab\t ! mo/ conv5i5t size1 ?\gh ! l>g] size us$ 9 ! vegetable g>d5 or ev5 a toilet atomiz] w di/ribute ! solution4 ,aft] x has dri$ wipe (f ! eyes & nose ) a damp clo? & h&le z little z possible4 ,! common t>iff on su* "w is = treat+ a s+le head n less ?an #a4jj4 ,two to f\r at "o place1 #ge;c4 ea*1 & ov] f\r1 #ej;c4 ,?is = poison+ only4 ,extra *>ges = kill+ mo?4 ,su* "w %\ld be done 9 spr+ or e>ly summ] 9 ! ,c5tral ,/ates 9 ord] to be effective4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,mak+ ,,animal ,,fur ,,rugs4 ,probably ! fir/ use 7aft] clo?+7 made ( sk9s 0 z rugs or cov]+s = ! gr\nd or c\*es1 & 9 ?is %ape !y are /ill to be f\nd 9 our mo/ elegantly furni%$ homes4 ,"o ( ! few survivals ( primitive ta/es4 ,! sk9s ( "s few animals su* z ,pol> & ,grizzly ,be>s1 ,tig]1 ,jagu>1 ,lion1 ,puma1 ,leop>ds & ,ocelots are us$ = little else1 ?\gh "s ( ! spott$ cats are us$ = ecc5tric look+ coats & fur sets4 ,o!r small] sk9s su* z wolf1 fox1 'coon1 wild cat1 etc4 are mu* 9 favor z rugs z well z = g>m5t furs4 ,9 sk9n+ an animal = use z a rug x is z well to sk9 & /ret* x op51 cut "u side ( body f *9 to ! end ( tail & f ea* foot d[n to ! c5tral l9e4 ,a l>ge animal l be> or leop>d looks well ) ! paws pres]v$ & !y %\ld be sk9n$ d[n to ! la/ jo9t1 leav+ ! claws atta*$ to ! sk94 ,small] sk9s may h ! paws pres]v$1 ?\gh ! effect is h>dly wor? ! tr\ble & ! small] paws are easily cru%$ on ! floor by a *ance /ep4 ,aft] sk9n+1 us+ c>e to deta* x f ! head )\t mutilat+ ! e>s1 eyes & lips1 /ret* flat on an inside wall1 door1 or table top4 ,/ret* ev5ly ) tacks or small nails close toge!r to avoid draw+ out 9 po9ts & ( ! approximate %ape ( ! f9i%$ rug4 ,t is1 ) ! front feet well =w>d & h9d feet po9t+ back1 n spread z wide z possible4 ,if y are int5d+ to dress ! sk9 x may be begun at once aft] sk9n+1 z p] ! *apt] on tann+1 etc41 or aft] fle%+ x may be put 9 ! pickle j> aga9/ a leisure day4 ,o!rwise /ret* & dry = transportation or to s5d to ! tann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,half ,,head4 ,,head ,,) ,,tee?4 ,,pap] ,,head ,,=ms--,,fox ,z reg>ds ! m\nt+ ( heads = rugs1 !y may be done 9 ?ree /yles1 call$ half or mask head1 full head clos$ m\?1 & full head op5 m\?4 ,! fir/1 z ! "n indicates1 consi/s ( ! sk9 ( ! upp] "p ( ! head )\t t ( ! l[] jaw m\nt$ ov] an artificial =m or skull4 ,! clos$ m\? 7,see dog7 has ! l[] jaw m\nt$ 9 addition1 b )\t any tee? us$1 & ! op5 m\? m\nt+ requires a set ( suitable tee? ) ! int]ior ( ! m\?1 tongue & lips fully model$ & f9i%$ ei!r ) color$ wax or by pa9t+4 ,^! artificial head =ms or skulls bo? ) & )\t tee? & masks1 are to be _h 9 all v>ieties & sev]al sizes ea* ( deal]s 9 taxid]mi/s' supplies s *eaply t ,i w\ld advise ! novice to procure !m if possible4 ,9 _m cases x is necess>y = ! pr(essional to make use ( skulls ) artificial tee? z ! natural skulls are (t5 ?r[n away by ! collector4 ,9 ! case ( any l>ge sk9 int5d$ = a rug ! r\ghly clean$ skull %\ld accompany same4 ,9 ord]+ f deal]s x is only necess>y to give "n ( animal & ! measure ( sk9 f c5t] ( nose to inn] corn] ( eye1 & out] corn] ( eye to e>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dog--,,clos$ ,,m\?4 ,! beg9n] w\ld d well to try m\nt+ a rug ) half head fir/ & ! m difficult op5 m\? lat]4 ,a v fair mask =m c be made by lay+ ! sk9n$ head d[n on a piece ( ?9 bo>d & m>k+ ar\nd x ) p5cil1 !n cutt+ out to ! outl9e4 ,) a bun* ( f9e excelsior or co>se t[ & a spool ( ?read a half-head =m c be r\ghly block$ out by w9d+1 us+ ! bo>d z a base4 ,!n ) modell+ clay & *opp$ t[ ! anatomy is p]fect$1 press+ d[n "h ) ! f+]s1 & build+ up else:]e4 ,) ! sk9n$ head to ref] to z ! =m is model$ a good job c be done4 ,h[ev]1 if a numb] ( sk9s ( ! same species are to be prep>$ x is be/ to make a m\ld 9 :i* unlimit$ pap] =ms may be ca/4 ,p>ticul>s 9 ?is "w are giv5 9 ,*apt] on ,ca/+ & ,modell+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f\ndation ,,= ,,t[ ,,& ,,excelsior ,! next /ep 9 rug mak+ aft] dry+ ! pelt is to prep>e ! head = m\nt+4 ,x is z well to d little or no ?9n+ d[n ( ! head sk9 dur+ ! tann+ & ev5 if x has be5 %av$ d[n ! vic9ity ( ! eyes1 e>s1 nose & lips w ne$ ?9n+ ) a small %>p knife1 & /ret*+ out ) a sk9 scrap]4 ,be=e beg9n+ ?is process ! head sk9 %\ld be damp5$ on ! pelt side ) cle> wat] 7use pickle 9 w>m wea!r74 ,if ! e>s are n sk9n$ be=e dress+ !y %\ld be n[1 & turn$ inside out to ! tips4 ,a small screw driv] ) ! edge blunt$ & r\nd$ is a good tool = ?is "w z x w n readily cut ! ?9 sk9 ( ! e>s4 ,trim & scrape away any lumps ( muscle1 etc41 & %ave d[n ! sk9 en\gh to be mold$ to ! surface ( ! =m :5 damp5$4 ,d n1 h[ev]1 cut away ! bun* ( muscles on ea* side ( ! *eeks 9 :i* ! :isk] roots are emb$d$1 or ^! di/+ui%$ ornam5ts w drop out4 ,by criss-cross+ ^! ) cuts !y are made z flexible z ! re/ ( ! sk94 ,aft] ! %av+ process get a suitable ne$le & /\t ?read & sew up any cuts or te>s t h be5 made4 ,if prop] c>e has be5 us$ !re w be little ( ?is to d1 always rememb]+ t a cut is n irrep>able b always makes extra "w4 ,bullet holes ( l>ge calib] de/roy consid]able sk9 & 9 ord] to close !m x is be/ to cut !m to a triangul> %ape & draw toge!r by sew+ up f ! corn]s ( ! triangle1 z p] illu/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sew+ ,,up ,,bullet ,,hole4 ,cut out f t\gh c>dbo>d two e> =ms a little long] at ! base ?an ! e> sk9 & small en\gh to slip inside !m readily4 ,be=e go+ fur!r give ! inside ( ! head & neck sk9 a coat ( pres]vative4 ,let ?is lay a few m9utes to soak 9 & !n aft] turn+ ! e>s "r side out slip ! c>dbo>d e> =ms into place4 ,!y %\ld be coat$ fir/ ) liquid glue2 "w ! sk9 ov] !m ) ! f+]s & fill ar\nd _! bases ) "s cut t[ & clay ( ab\t ! consi/5cy ( s(t putty4 ,n[ place ! head sk9 on ! =m1 get ! eyes & nose 9 place & drive 9 a few p9s d[n ! c5t] ( ! face2 !y w hold x f slipp+ :ile work+ fur!r on x4 ,if ! =m is a little too %ort = ?is p>ticul> sk9 build x out ) clay & t[1 if too long x c h a trifle cut (f4 ,fill ! sockets ( ! eyes ) clay1 build out ! *eeks & ! sides ( nose ) clay & t[ & draw ! sk9 ( ! lips d[n :]e !y belong4 ,! glass eyes are to be cut f _! wires & set1 draw+ ! lids ar\nd !m ) an awl4 ,:5 !y seem prop]ly plac$ drive p9s at bo? inn] & out] corn]s4 ,! e>s are attack$ next & :5 arrang$ to suit1 ?ree or f\r p9s driv5 9 at _! bases to hold !m4 ,on a rug ! e>s %\ld usually be laid back close to ! head z by s do+ ! *ance ( _! be+ brok5 (f :5 f9i%$ & dry is less5$4 ,also a m\nt$ rug head is usually int5d$ to regi/] rage or ang]4 ,! upp] surface ( ! face be+ att5d$ to1 turn x upside d[n on a fold$ bag or some?+ 9 ! nature ( a cu%ion :ile we lace x across ! =m ) a /\t ?read & ne$le4 ,if a holl[ pap] =m is us$ x %\ld be fill$ ) crumpl$ pap]1 excelsior1 co>se t[ or simil> mat]ial4 ,d n use fur scraps = ?is z ,i h se5 done or x w be a mo? ne/4 ,! :ole inside ( ! sk9 may n[ be poison$ aft] slightly damp5+1 & !n tack$ out fur side up 9 ! prop] %ape to dry4 ,9 ord] to make an animal sk9 lay flat to ! floor x is necess>y 9 mo/ cases to cut out sev]al ,v-%ap$ pieces4 ,beh9d ! =e legs almo/ always & (t5 9 front ( !m1 also & frequ5tly 9 front ( ! h9d legs are ! places :]e ^! gores are remov$4 ,consi/+ z !y d ( ! ?9ly hair$ sk9 inside ! legs _! abs5ce is n noticeable :5 neatly sew$ up4 ,take c>e 9 ?is f9al /ret*+ ( ! rug sk9 to get x alike on bo? sides1 or1 z ! arti/s say1 bilat]ally symmetrical4 ,:5 tack$ out1 g back to ! face & p]fect x s x may dry j "r4 ,) a f9e awl po9t draw ! upp] eyelids d[n a little1 /raight5 ! eye br[s1 la%es & :isk]s1 & m\ld ! no/rils into %ape1 brac+ !m ) damp clay2 :5 dry x is easily remov$4 ,n[ set x aside until fully dry be=e proce$+ ) ! trimm+ & l9+4 ,"o & a half or two in* wire brads are good to use 9 /ret*+ sk9s1 b #c;d wire la? nails w d2 ! long] brads are m easily h&l$4 ,aft] remov+ ! nails turn ! sk9 on its back & draw a l9e f neck to tail ) p5cil or *alk4 ,by measur+ f po9ts on ?is l9e we c trim (f ! legs & flanks ( ! rug ev5ly4 ,if x is a small or m$ium size sk9 x w look be/ ) an all felt l9+4 ,s by lay+ x flat on a piece ( felt some:at l>g] all r\nd & m>k+ ar\nd x at a di/ance ( #c in*es we c cut out ! l9+4 ,! edge ( ?is is to be p9k$4 ,"o end ( our *opp+ block1 usually ( sycamore or oak1 is kept = ?is function1 & a few m9utes "w ) p9k+ iron & hamm] w bord] ! l9+ ) neat scallops4 ,a suffici5t l5g? ( felt /rips ab\t #b in*es wide1 %\ld be cut to rea* ar\nd ! outside ( ! sk91 also p9k$ on "o edge4 ,all[ g5]\sly = ?is z x w h to be ga!r$ 9 r\nd+ ! feet & head4 ,9 ! case ( animals hav+ a bu%y tail or bru% z ! fox1 wolf1 etc41 ! tail is m]ely sew$ up on ! "u side aft] poison+ & n l9$ or trimm$4 ,pumas1 tig]s & o!rs ) %ort furr$ tails are trimm$ & l9$ l ! re/ ( ! rug4 ,9 l9+ l>ge rugs a d\ble trimm+ ( felt is (t5 us$ & a l9+ ( /rong canvas is us$ ?r\gh\t1 z :5 on ! floor x is n visible1 protects ! sk9 z well1 & co/s some:at less4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p9k$ ,,l9+1 ,,bri> ,,/it*$4 ,! trimm+ felt is sew$ ar\nd ! edge ( ! sk91 pass+ ! ne$le ?r\gh f ! back obliquely1 result+ 9 a long /it* on ! felt & a %ort "o on ! fur side4 ,:at few hairs are drawn d[n by ?is c be pick$ out lat] ) a ne$le or awl4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sew+ ,,trimm+ ,,on ,,rug4 ,be=e sew+ ! l9+ on an int]l9+ ( cotton wadd+ %\ld be cut out & ba/$ 9 place ) a few long /it*es4 ,n[ place ! sk9 fur side up1 on ! l9+ & adju/ x s an equal m>g9 %[s on all sides & p9 x 9 sev]al places to prev5t its slipp+ :ile sew+ x fa/4 ,to d ?is turn x felt upp]mo/ & sew ar\nd j at ! edge ( ! sk91 9 ! trimm+ felt1 rev]s+ ! /it* previ\sly us$4 ,?is hides ! %ort /it* outside & if drawn up ev5ly w h>dly be notic$ if a color ( ?read has be5 select$ correspond+ some:at to t ( ! felt4 ,if an extra nice f9i% is desir$ ! l9+ may be put on ) a decorative bri> or cat /it* ) "s bright color$ silkat9e4 ,bru%+ away any clay f ar\nd ! eyes & nose1 giv+ ! latt] a t\* ( ! prop] color 7black = ! majority ( animals74 ,a coat ( ?9 %ellac to simulate ! natural moi/ appe>ance & connect+ ! dri$ eyelids ) ! glass eyes ) hot color$ wax w ab\t complete ! rug4 ,wax+ ar\nd ! eyes is done ) a small r\nd arti/'s bru% & adds to ! f9i%$ appe>ance ( a job4 ,9 m\nt+ a rug head ) ei!r full head1 clos$ or op5 m\?1 ! beg9n] _h be/ use a head =m f ! deal] = a few times at lea/4 ,a little /udy ( "o ( ^! w enable him to model an op5 m\? head1 :5 a good set ( tee? are suppli$1 & ! ready made article n at h&4 ,x requires consid]able "t & "s natural ability to set ! tee? & model ! gums & tongue effectively4 ,a tongue model$ ) clay & t[1 cov]$ ) sev]al lay]s ( papi] ma*e & :5 dry1 coat$ ) fle% color$ wax is good en\gh = any rug1 ?\gh museum m\nt+ might require t ! tongue be sk9n$ & ! sk9 us$ to cov] ! model4 ,pla/]1 putty1 papi] ma*e & v>i\s pla/ic cem5t mat]ials are us$ = model+ m\?s1 ( :i* papi] ma*e is probably ! be/2 pla/] p>is is (t5 us$ 9 an em]g5cy b is brittle & heavy4 ,= model+ use f9ely gr\nd pap] pulp mix$ ) glue & pla/] or :it+4 ,only practice & exp]im5t w det]m9e j ! precise mixture want$4 ,a pap] half head =m may be ! basis & to ?is wire ! jaw bones ) _! sets ( tee?4 ,clev] "w w reproduce ! int]ior ( ! m\?1 gums & tongue1 & :5 p]fectly dry !y %\ld be f9i%$ ei!r ) pa9t or color$ wax4 ,! tongue %\ld h its base & l[] side coat$ ) glue & h a brad driv5 ?r\gh x into ! mat]ial betwe5 ! l[] jaw bones4 ,if ! head ( ?is brad is well set 91 a drop or two ( wax w cov] x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coyote ,,rug1 ,,op5 ,,m\? 7,au?or's ,"w47 ,9 prep>+ a sk9 = m\nt+ an op5 m\? head ! lips %\ld be p>$ d[n & pres]v$ z f> z possible z !y are to be fill$ out & atta*$ to ! =m by p9n+ at _! edges4 ,common toilet p9s are us$ = ?is1 driv+ !m 9 "p way & :5 ! "w is dry cutt+ !m (f close d[n to ! surface4 ,aft] ?is is done ! lips may be wax$ ?us jo9+ !m to ! =m completely4 ,nev] fe> to use pl5ty ( p9s 9 head m\nt+4 ,9 "s places !y may be driv5 to ! head & left cov]$ by ! fur1 9 o!r places :]e !re is little or no fur1 cut !m close & drive d[n flu%4 ,( c\rse great] lib]ties may be tak5 ) a rug sk9 ?an "o m\nt$ entire = exhibition1 /ill a compet5t arti/ c put a great am\nt ( expression 9 ev5 a rug head4 ,! close /ud5t ( animal anatomy c produce an appall+ sn>l ( ang] on ! heads ( ! l>g] c>nivora or *ange ! same to a sleepy yawn or gr9 9 a few m9utes' manipulation4 ,! pr(essional is (t5 call$ 9 to repair damag$ rugs & especially ^? ) op5 m\?s4 ,"h ! op]ator mu/ use 8 own judgm5t z no two seem to dem& ! same treatm5t4 ,miss+ tee? may h to be suppli$ & c>v$ f bone1 celluloid or antl]s4 ,! tips ( brok5 de] antl]s make v good can9e tee? & blocks ( celluloid :i* are mu* easi] to %ape ?an bone1 are sold by supply deal]s4 ,i h dwelt at "s l5g? on rug mak+ z x is a bran* ( taxid]my :i* seems to be always 9 m or less dem& ) ! public4 ,also x =ms an easy entrance to ! m complicat$ m\nt+ ( complete animals & mu* ( ! "w is id5tical ) ! process ( pres]v+ heads = wall decoration4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,fur ,,robes ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,!m4 ,:ile n usually class$ z taxid]my ! mak+ & repair+ ( robes w br+ 9 _m a doll> to ! work] 9 ! middle & nor!rn /ates4 ,a /it* 9 "t 7on a robe7 (t5 saves m ?an ! prov]bial n9e1 & ! bett] ! quality ! m anxi\s ! own] to h x put 9 good ord]4 ,! late lam5t$ bison furni%$ ! robe p> excell5ce1 few ( :i* pass ?r\gh ! h&s ( ! taxid]mi/ n[adays4 ,_! place has1 9 "s degree1 be5 tak5 by ! ,gall[ay & o!r cattle hides1 :i* also make a practically "o piece robe ( good weight lea!r4 ,^! are too heavy = economical dress+ by h&1 b ! regul> tann+ conc]ns w dress !m s(t1 pliable1 & clean = a v reasonable price4 ,! regul> robe mak]s d mu* ( _! "w ) ! heavy ov]/it* sew+ ma*9es1 b x c be done z well or bett] by h& at ! exp5se ( m "t4 ,_m ( ! small] sk9s1 z coyote1 raccoon1 fox1 opossum1 & wild cat make up z h&some c>riage robes & sell at remun]ative prices4 ,sk9s ( an inf]ior lu/re or t are mutilat$ are (t5 us$4 ,= in/ance1 ! sk9 ( ! head may be m\nt$ sep>ately & n int]f]e ) us+ ! balance 9 a robe4 ,= use 9 a robe sk9s %\ld be tak5 (f op5 & /ret*$ 9 a rectangul> %ape z ne> z possible4 ,aft] tann+1 sew up all cuts & holes 9 ! sk9s1 damp5 ! fle% side ) cle> wat] & tack out fur side d[n on ! floor1 table top1 or bett] /ill on light bo>ds cleat$ toge!r :i* may be set on edge aga9/ ! wall out ( ! way4 ,9 all sew+ on rugs & robes be sure & use a sub/antial ?read well drawn up1 f9e /it*es are n ess5tial b good mat]ial is1 z su* ?+s come 9 = a deal ( r\gh use unlike m\nt$ specim5s :i* are1 or %\ld be seldom h&l$4 ,glov]s triangul> ne$les & gill+ or c>pet ?read ( suitable sizes are ! necess>y tools4 ,sk9s ( approximately ! same size %\ld be us$ 9 mak+ up a robe or ! effect w be bad4 ,aft] /ret*+ & dry+1 cut !m to rectangul> %ape1 tak+ c>e to get ! d>k] l9e d[n ! back 9 ! c5t] ( ea*4 ,a good way is to cut a piece ( c>dbo>d to ! requir$ size & m>k ar\nd x4 ,gaps 9 front ( & beh9d ! legs may be fill$ by sew+ 9 small pieces r ?an cut d[n ! sk9s too mu*4 ,! draw+ %[s coon sk9 m>k$ to cut = robe4 ,! sk9 is poorly /ret*$ yet !re are _m ev5 worse1 al?o trapp]s are le>n+ to h&le ! sk9s 9 bett] %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coon ,,m>k$ ,,to ,,cut ,,= ,,robe ,aft] ! necess>y numb] ( sk9s are cut out !y are sew$ toge!r 9 r[s & ! r[s 9 turn sew$ to ea* o!r l a pat*work quilt1 tak+ c>e to h ! fur all run ! same way4 ,! robe %\ld n[ be damp5$ aga9 & /ret*$ & tack$ to its full ext5t to remove any wr9kles & flatt5 ! seams4 ,?is sew+ is all done f ! back ( ! robe us+ an ev5 ov]-h& /it*4 ,j be=e ! f9al /ret*+ x is well to apply ars5ical solution to ! damp sk9s4 ,on dry+ x is ready = ! trimm+ & l9+4 ,sometimes x is necess>y to turn ov] ! upp] edge ( ! sk9s & ba/e x d[n or x may %[ ! raw edge ( ! hides on acc\nt ( ! fur lay+ all "o way4 ,/rips ( felt #c 94 wide1 p9k$ on "o edge are us$ = trimm+1 & may be _h f ! deal]s1 ready to use1 or we c buy ! felt by ! y>d & easily p9k x 9 ! "w room4 ,any "o do+ mu* robe "w w\ld f9d a p9k+ ma*9e 7price ab\t #e4jj7 a good inve/m5t1 b ! small h& iron does j z good "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/rong ,,hide 7,,cattle7 ,,lap ,,robe4 ,a d\ble bord] ( contra/+ colors may be us$1 ! upp] /rip ( :i* %\ld be #c_/d in* n>r[]4 ,! bord] is sew$ on f ! back ) heavy ?read1 us+ ! same /it* z t = ! l9+ rugs4 ,an int]l9+ ( cotton wadd+ is ba/$ 9 place be=e ! l9+ is sew$ on4 ,plu% or beav] clo? is to be _h 9 #ed & #fj in* wid?s & a v>iety ( colors1 ( :i* ! d>k] gre5s1 br[ns1 & blacks are to be pref]r$4 ,fur robes are usually #dhx#fj2 #edx#ff2 #fjx#gj2 or #fjx#hd in*es 9 size1 s l9+s ( ! above wid?s cut )\t wa/e4 ,s+le cattle or horse hides may be left ) ! edges m]ely /raight5$ or !y may be cut & piec$ to regul> robe %ape4 ,! bu%y tails ( su* animals z wolf or fox are sometimes us$ along "o side or bo? ends z a fr+e4 ,! numb] ( sk9s requir$ to make a robe are z foll[s3 ,raccoon #ab to #bj ,coyote1 wolf or dog #f to #aj ,wild cat #ab to #af ,wood*uck or opossum #bj to #cj ,goat #d to #h ,baby c>riage robes ( angora or lamb sk9s are l9$ ) quilt$ sat9 & trimm$ ) felt ( "s light %ade4 ,!y usually h ei!r an op5+ = ! head & %\ld]s or a pocket = ! feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coyote ,,lap ,,robe1 #h ,,sk9s4 ,note tails 9 c5t]4 ,! natives ( ,patagonia make up _m robes ( ! guanaco & vicuna1 dress+ ! sk9s & sew+ !m toge!r ) s9ew4 ,_! dress+ is faulty z ! sk9s are apt to /iff5 & crack & ! s9ew h>d5s ) "t until x becomes l wire1 ?\gh ! /it*+ is wond]fully ev54 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 work$ out a s*eme ( jo9+ ! sk9s 9 a way to elim9ate wa/e1 t is f> ahead ( civiliz$ fur work]s4 ,a r[ ( sk9s are jo9$ head to tail & ! next r[ head$ ! opposite way w fit 9 p]fectly1 ! legs be+ left on ! sk9s4 ,! sket* ) ?is w expla9 bett] ?an any description4 ,! guanaco pelt be+ ( a woolly nature makes x unnecess>y to run x all ! same way & ! entire sk9s are utiliz$ 9 spite ( _! unga9ly %ape1 ! flaps & tabs trimm$ (f fill+ ! ind5tations ar\nd ! out] edge ( ! robe4 ,!y make an excell5t camp blanket z light & w>m z ! malodor\s1 hairy rabbit sk9 robe ( ,hudsons ,bay1 & no ,patagonian ran* h\se b$ is complete )\t its guanaco cov]let4 ,y w likely be call$ on to repair robes mu* (t5] ?an to make !m & su* "w is ne>ly all pr(it1 z x g5]ally consi/s 9 sew+ up rips & te>s 9 ! sk9s4 ,nev] attempt to d ?is f ! front or fur side z x c only be done "r f ! back4 ,to d ?is at lea/ "o side ( ! l9+ w h to be ripp$ & ! robe turn$1 turn+ x back & resew+ x on completion4 ,l9+s are turn$ "u at ! edges all ar\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,patagonian ,,robe ,,( ,,guanaco ,,sk9s4 ,worn & soil$ l9+s & trimm+ (t5 ne$ replac+ ) new mat]ial & x is sometimes necess>y to pur*ase an unl9$ goat plate to repair robes ( t common v>iety4 ,worn robes c be cut d[n 9 size if no simil> mat]ial is to be _h = repairs4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,m\nt+ ,,entire ,,small ,,fur ,,animals4 ,9 ,*apt]s ,,vi & ,,viii directions are giv5 = sk9n+ & prep>+ ?is class ( animals = m\nt+1 s ) ! sk9 prop]ly clean$ & poison$ be=e u ! next ?+ is to cut ! wires = a support+ frame4 ,^! are six 9 numb] usually1 body wire1 tail wire & "o = ea* leg4 ,! body wire is ab\t "o-half long] ?an f nose to base ( tail2 tail wire ! l5g? ( ! tail bone & half ! body1 & ea* leg wire twice ! l5g? ( ! leg4 ,i h spok5 ( us+ a muskrat = an initial attempt z x is ( a conv5i5t size to h&le & ! l5g? ( its fur w hide small defects 9 ! anatomy4 ,mo/ books ( in/ruction select a squirrel = ! beg9n]'s victim4 ,x is true x is n z difficult z a hairless ,mexican t]ri] b x is apt to disc\rage ! le>n]4 ,an opossum w d v well or any long hair$ animal ( ab\t t size4 ,we w fir/ recon/ruct a h9d leg & if x is a fre% specim5 be+ m\nt$ )\t a ba? 9 ! pickle we c h ! opposite leg 9 ! fle% to guide1 z to prop] proportions4 ,! wire is pass$ ?r\gh ! cut 9 ! bottom ( ! foot & along ! back ( ! leg bones :]e x is secur$ 9 ab\t ?ree places by ty+ ) small cord4 ,! end is left project+ ?ree in*es beyond ! end ( ! upp] leg bone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h9d ,,& ,,front ,,leg ,,( ,,muskrat ,,wrapp$ ,,ready ,,to ,,clay ,,& ,,return ,,to ,,sk94 ,! muscles & fle% are replac$ by w9d+ on t[ ) /\t ?read until ! approximate size is rea*$1 :5 ! surface is giv5 a ?9 coat+ ( clay & ! leg is drawn back into its sk94 ,! =e legs are 9 ! same mann] built to ! jo9t ) ! %\ld] blade4 ,aft] %>p5+ ! tail wire to a po9t x is w\nd ) f9e t[ & ?read & coat$ ) clay until x duplicates ! bone & fle% remov$4 ,?is is slipp$ into ! tail %ea? ) ! unw\nd end project+ into ! body & ! slit along ! l[] side ( tail sew$ up4 ,aft] mak+ a r+ ab\t ! diamet] ( a 4#bb %ell on "o end ( ! body wire place x on y\r sket* :]e ! hip jo9t 0 m>k$1 lett+ ! wire run l5g?wise ( ! body4 ,ano!r r+ simil> is made at ! %\ld]4 ,^! =m ! po9ts ( atta*m5t = ! legs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wir+ ,,= ,,small ,,animals1 ,,front ,,leg ,,wires ,,twi/$ ,,to ,,back ,,wire4 ,! skull1 clean$ ( fle% & poison$1 %\ld h ! muscles replac$ ) t[ & ! :ole coat$ ) clay4 ,=ce a piece ( cork into ! op5+ at ! back ( ! skull4 ,%>p5 ! end ( body wire & =ce x ?r\gh ! cork & out "o ( ! no/rils4 ,! skull is pu%$ back along ! wire until x rea*es ! prop] di/ance f ! %\ld] r+1 :5 all b an in* or s ( ! project+ wire is cut (f4 ,ins]t ! skull ?r\gh ! body op5+ & "w x up ! neck into its place 9 ! head sk91 lett+ ! end ( wire g ?r\gh ! no/ril ( sk9 also4 ,?is w hold ! nose 9 place4 ,adju/ ! eyes & e>s also4 ,n[ pass ! ends ( leg wire ?r\gh ! r+s f _! opposite sides4 ,! tail wire is pass$ ?r\gh ! re> r+ & twi/$ ar\nd ! body wire a few times4 ,! ends ( leg wires project+ ?r\gh ! r+ cross1 s twi/ !m toge!r a turn or two ) pli]s1 next br+ !m d[n & "u ! body wire1 twi/+ !m toge!r1 fir/ "o side ( x & !n ! o!r4 ,?is treatm5t w fa/5 ! legs & tail also firmly to ! body wire4 ,?us we h ! sk9 ) head1 tail & legs fill$ out & ! support+ wires fa/5$ toge!r4 ,! rema9d] ( fill+1 usually *opp$ t[1 is plac$ ) f+]s1 =ceps1 & /uff]s4 ,fir/ a good lay] next ! sk9 all ar\nd1 !n "p ?is & fill 9 ! c5t] a little at a "t1 fir/ at "o end1 !n ! o!r4 ,put a good cu%ion at ! hips & %\ld]s betwe5 ! wires & ! sk9 & also at ! back4 ,fill out ! neck well b d n /ret* x unduly4 ,beg9 sew+ up at bo? ends ( ! op5+ cut1 draw+ a few /it*es up & ty+ ! ?read :ile y fill a little m4 ,model ! animal into %ape f "t to "t by pressure ) y\r h&s & :5 fill$ out & sew$ up tie ! ?reads toge!r4 ,our animal is n[ ly+ on its back ) head1 tail & limbs ext5d$2 b5d !m into "s natural position & set x on its feet4 ,x may be well to =ce a little *opp$ t[ & clay into ! bottoms ( ! feet & draw ! cuts 9 !m toge!r ) a few /it*es ar\nd ! leg wire project+ f !m4 ,a tempor>y /& ( a piece ( bo>d support$ on cleats at ea* end is prep>$ & a numb] ( holes bor$ = ! leg wires4 ,a little exp]im5t+ w f9d ! prop] place = ^! :5 ! surplus ends ( wire are b5t along ! bottom ( ! bo>d & fa/5$ ) /aples4 ,complete ! head & face model+ n[1 fill+ out ! *eeks & lips & p9n+ !m 9 place4 ,"w ! sk9 ar\nd ! eyes & e>s into prop] place & fa/5 ) p9s4 ,fill eye sockets ) suffici5t clay & set ! eyes1 draw+ ! lids d[n :]e !y belong4 ,any defici5cies at ! back ( ! head c be fill$ ?r\gh ! e>s4 ,9 ! case ( a muskrat ! e>s are s insignificant t !y only ne$ a little clay & t[ =c$ into !m to hold !m 9 place4 ,m prom95t e>s z ^? ( fox1 'coon1 or wild cat mu/ be fill$ ) a pa/ebo>d =m1 cut ! prop] size & %ape1 coat$ ) liquid glue & ins]t$ f ! inside be=e return+ ! skull to ! sk94 ,! e>s ( all animals %\ld be pocket$ :5 sk9n$1 t is turn$ inside out to _! tips to admit pres]vatives & lat] "s fill+ mat]ial :i* w reta9 _! %ape :5 dry4 ,d n sk9 out & ?r[ away ! e> c>tilage b leave x adh]+ to ! sk9 ( ! inn] side ( ! e>4 ,)\t x ?is sk9 is v frail & brittle & ?or\gh pickl+ w prev5t %r9kage & di/ortion ( ! e>4 ,be=e leav+ ! head pu% x slightly t[>ds ! body on ! wire & cut same close to end ( nose4 ,pull head back to place1 ! wire disappe>s up ! nose ab\t #a_/d in*1 !n y c %ape ! no/rils & fill s !y w n %rivel up 9 dry+ & look z ?\gh _! own] _h be5 a m\? brea!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,opossum ,,m\nt$ ,,9 ,,walk+ ,,position4 ,if ! g5]al pose & appe>ance seem correct f9i% up by plac+ ! feet & toes correctly4 ,no?+ gives a m\nt$ animal a m trampi%1 disreputable appe>ance ?an sl\*y1 run ov] feet ) toes t don't seem to be on ! job4 ,la/ly comb ! fur out & fluff x up be=e sett+ away to dry4 ,animals up to ! coyote 9 size are usually m\nt$ by simil> me?ods to ! prec$+4 ,sometimes a piece ( bo>d is sub/itut$ = ! body wire1 especially 9 ! l>g] specim5s1 ! wires to :i* are too heavy to cl9* readily4 ,! skull is on a sep>ate neck wire & all wires are fa/5$ to ! back bo>d by pass+ ?r\gh holes & !n /apl+4 ,( c\rse x is possible to m\nt small specim5s by ! same me?ods mo/ l>ge ones are1 by draw+ ! sk9 ov] a h>d fill+1 9 fact a /atuette1 :i* mu/ be made to fit ! sk94 ,?is me?od 9 ! case ( small animals requires s mu* "t t x is impossible 9 ord9>y comm]cial "w4 ,/rive to put y\r m\nt$ animals 9 easy natural poses unless y are mak+ a grotesque1 9 :i* case g ! l5g?4 ,clean ! eyes & tee? ) a bru% :5 dry1 & beat ! fur to make x /& out4 ,fa/5 securely on :atev] =m ( m\nt+ y h decid$ on1 c\nt]s9k+ ! wires on ! "u side4 ,accessories1 z a piece ( food 9 ! m\? or paws1 are add$ n[ if !y h be5 prep>$ =4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cat ,,sitt+ ,,& ,,wat*+ ,a slip ) record ( ! specim5 writt5 on x & pa/$ to ! "u side ( /& w usually be appreciat$4 ,if ! m\? is want$ op5 x %\ld be brac$ 9 t position1 ! lips1 etc41 held 9 place by clay4 ,:5 x is dry ?is c be dug out ) awls & modell+ tools & ! tongue1 gums1 & inside ! m\? modell$ 9 ma*e or "s pla/] composition4 ,! tongue may be modell$ 9 connection ) ! l[] "p ( ! m\? or made sep>ately & fa/5$ 9 place ) a brad & "s glue4 ,color$ wax1 p9k = ! inside & black = ! lips1 appli$ hot ) a little bru% 9 sev]al coats f9i% ! op5 m\?4 ,a little black wax w jo9 ! eyelids to ! glass eyes if !y h %runk away & ! inside ( ! no/rils %\ld be coat$ ) a little p9k4 ,b>e sk9 on ! end ( ! nose %\ld be v>ni%$4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,m\nt+ ,,l>ge ,,animals ,,entire4 ,?\gh at "o "t ne>ly all animals 7 m\nt$ by ! s(t body or /uff+ me?od z describ$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 v few ( ! l>g] ones are s treat$ n[4 ,an adequate frame is built 9 a body ( ! prop] size & proportions1 ! surface ( :i* reproduces ^? muscles ly+ next ! sk94 ,! sk91 well p>$ d[n & poison$1 is sew$1 p9n$ & glu$ to ?is surface4 ,9 ! small specim5 clay 0 us$ next ! sk9 9 places to p]fect ! modell+1 b su* am\nts w\ld be requir$ = a l>ge animal z to affect ! durability ( ! sk94 ,clay & pla/] be+ 9 a dry /ate v absorb5t1 w ev5tually rob ( all oily matt] any sk9 9 contact ) !m4 ,su* sk9s w crack1 split & f9ally dis9tegrate z ?or\ghly z ^? hav+ an excess ( fat adh]+ to !m4 ,to prev5t ?is a lay] ( "s glue composition or pap] is us$ j b5ea? ! sk94 ,z an example 9 ?is mode ( m\nt+ a black be> w\ld answ] nicely4 ,if ! leg bones are atta*$ to ! sk9 !y may be unjo9t$ at ! toes & laid aside :ile ! sk9 is well %av$ d[n on its entire inn] surface4 ,a ?or\ghly flexible sk9 is entirely at ! comm& ( ! taxid]mi/1 "o /iff or h>d _c be plac$ or kept 9 place at w4 ,aft] beam+1 splitt+ ! lips & nose c>tilage1 pocket+ ! e>s & sew+ up cuts & te>s1 ! sk9 is dropp$ 9 ! pickle4 ,an outl9e sket* is made ) *alk on ! %op floor & on ?is ! bones ( ! legs are arrang$4 ,a /iff wire b5t along ! back ( ea* set ( leg bones w guide u 9 b5d+ ! iron rods us$ z supports4 ,^! %\ld be f #e_/af to #a_/b in* 9 diamet]1 ?read$ & fitt$ ) two nuts at ! l[] end & eighte5 in*es or s long] ?an ! leg bones !mselves4 ,( ?is extra l5g?1 en\gh is all[$ bel[ ! feet to fa/5 to ! p$e/al1 ! balance is b5t 9 a "r angle f ! end ( ! upp] leg bone4 ,at ! di/ance ( ! hip jo9t f ! c5tral l9e ( ! body x is b5t aga9 p>allel ) ! back bo>d2 = a h9d leg4 ,! front leg rods are b5t 9 ! same way at ! jo9+ ( ! %\ld] blade ) ! hum]us or upp] bone ( ! front leg4 ,y w readily see ! desirability ( pres]v+ at lea/ "o set ea* ( ! h9d & front leg bones4 ,9 su* case ! miss+ bones c be r\ghly block$ out ( wood to ! prop] dim5sions1 :ile if none are sav$ y w h to d ! same dep5d+ on ! sk9 = measurem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,frame ,,= ,,be> ,,manik94 ,! end ( ! rods ly+ along ! back %\ld be b5t aga9 9 a ,v %ape to prev5t _! turn+ :5 fa/5$ to x4 ,! location ( ! hip & %\ld] jo9ts are m>k$ on "o side ( ! back bo>d1 ! rods = t side laid 9 place & fa/5$ by drill+ holes ea* side ( !m & pass+ loops ( /\t wire ?r\gh & twi/+ !m tightly on ! o!r side ) heavy pli]s4 ,! rods = ! o!r side are fa/5$ 9 ! same mann]1 9 fact !y may be fa/5$ ) ! same wires1 b x w be /rong] if ! fa/5+s are sep>ate4 ,! leg bones are b\nd fa/ to ! rods ) wire or tw9e4 ,hold+ ! back bo>d 9 ! vise by ! middle ! leg rods ) bone atta*$ are adju/$ to ! position ( ! f9i%$ specim54 ,! ?read$ ends :i* project bel[ ! feet are b5t /raight d[n4 ,a r\gh p$e/al ( bo>ds on #bx#d cleats at ea* end1 is made1 ! frame plac$ on x & m>k+ :]e ! rods w ent]1 bore suitable holes to receive !m4 ,"o nut is turn$ up ea* rod a %ort di/ance & aft] ins]t+ 9 ! holes 9 ! p$e/al ! o!rs are screw$ up tightly f bel[4 ,our frame n[ /&s alone & rigid & %\ld be view$ f all sides to correct any errors4 ,x %\ld n be too high1 front or re>1 & also hav+ ! back-bo>d p]fectly v]tical or plumb4 ,ins]t two pieces ( rod 9 ! op5+ at ! back ( ! skull & fa/5 !m !re by mix+ en\gh pla/] ( p>is & wat] to fill ! cavity1 to ! consi/5cy ( molasses & p\r+ x 9 ar\nd !m4 ,! ends ( ! rods %\ld be b5t or r\gh5$ to prev5t !m slipp+ out aft] ! pla/] has set4 ,a surplus ( pla/] c be plac$ ar\nd ! articulation ( ! jaws1 at ! same "t hold+ !m 9 place4 ,^! neck rods are to run beside & be fa/5$ to ! back-bo>d z ! legs 74 ,let "o rema9 /raight & fa/5 x loosely s x may be drawn 9 & out ! loops until ! prop] l5g? ( neck is =m$1 !n tight5 !m & fa/5 ! o!r rod also4 ,be=e fa/5+ ^! try ! sk9 ov] ! frame1 mak+ sure x w cov] 9 all directions4 ,a tail wire /apl$ to ! top ( ! back-bo>d completes ! frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bolt+ ,,leg ,,rods ,,to ,,/&4 ,if two good siz$ rectangul> holes are cut 9 ! back-bo>d j 9 front ( ! h9d legs & beh9d ! %\ld]s !y w be useful lat] 9 %ap+ ! body by sew+ back & =? ) a mattress ne$le & cord4 ,drive a r[ ( la? nails into ! top & bottom edges ( ! back-bo>d ab\t half _! l5g? at #b in* int]vals4 ,!y w enable y to build up fir/ "o side1 !n ! o!r ( ! body by w9d+ d[n excelsior ) wrapp+ cord4 ,^! nails are driv5 fully 9 :5 ! w9d+ is f9i%$4 ,! limbs also are built up by us+ ! same mat]ial4 ,d n build up any "p to a p]fect fit yet1 h[ev]1 z we mu/ leave room = a %ell ( pap] #a_/h to #a_/d in* ?ick4 ,depressions 9 body & limbs are reproduc$ by sew+ f side to side or draw+ d[n ) nails4 ,! neck & skull are built up 9 mu* ! same way & ! sk9 fitt+ loosely1 ! manik9 is surfac$ up ) a coat ( s(t modell+ clay well rubb$ 9 ) a small tr[el4 ,! pap] coat+ is to be appli$ :ile ! clay is /ill damp s a l>ge specim5 mu/ be p>tly cov]$ ) a damp clo? to prev5t x dry+ out prematurely4 ,! pap] = ?is purpose %\ld be ( "s s(t easily pulp$ v>iety2 common build+ pap] is good & may be torn 9 pieces ( v>i\s size1 soak$ 9 wat] #ae m9utes1 !n squeez$ out & coat$ on bo? sides ) pa/e4 ,?is is appli$ to ! surface ( ! figure1 ! edges ov]lapp+ slightly1 until completely cov]$4 ,use pap] ( a diff]5t color = ea* alt]nate coat to insure its completion4 ,five or six coats w be suffici5t :5 x may be left to dry1 aft] :i* treat x to a good coat ( %ellac4 ,! sk9 is )drawn f ! pickle1 r9s$ 9 soda solution1 put ?r\gh ! b5z9e & meal dry+ & coat$ on ! entire inn] surface ) pres]vative4 ,glue coat$ e> =ms are slipp$ into place & fa/5$ by long /it*es back & =? ?r\gh ! e>s4 ,! feet & bases ( e>s are fill$ ) papi] ma*e pulp & ! surface ( ! manik9 coat$ ) liquid glue4 ,n[ ! sk9 is put on ! =m to /ay1 fa/5+ d[n ! c5tral l9e ( ! back ) wire brads & drawn toge!r at ! junction ( legs & body ) /\t /it*es4 ,! legs are sewn up fir/ & ! op5+ cut ( ! body la/4 ,a surplus ( sk9 may be work$ out & di/ribut$ ) ! po9t ( an awl1 :ile x may be pull$ & /ret*$ to cov] a %ortage 9 ano!r po9t )\t *ang+ ! animal's =m 9 ! lea/4 ,! e>s are p9n$ 9 place & _! bases di/5d$ by t[ press$ 9 ) /uff]s4 ,po9t$ wires ?ru/ ?r\gh ! op5+s ( ! e>s into ! skull w hold !m 9 place until dry4 ,! nose1 lips & ar\nd ! eyes are correctly plac$1 fill+ slightly betwe5 ! sk9 & pap] if necess>y1 use pl5ty ( common p9s to hold ! sk9 9 place4 ,!y are ei!r drawn or cut (f flu% 9 %ort-hair$ sk9s :5 dry1 b 9 "o l ! be> !y may be driv5 to ! head & left s4 ,any places n incl9$ to /ay put may be clamp$ d[n ) /rips ( c>dbo>d p9n$ on4 ,! glass eyes %\ld be plac$ n[ be=e sett+ away to dry1 :i* w require "s "t4 ,:5 dry any b>e pat*es ( sk9 w h a dead appe>ance & require pa9t+ ) oil colors ?9n$ ) turp5t9e to r$uce ! gloss4 ,! end ( ! nose & lips are t\*$ ) v>ni% to produce ! natural moi/ appe>ance4 ,if m\nt$ ) op5 m\? ?is is modell$ 9 pap] & wax coat$ z already describ$4 ,! fur :i* %\ld h be5 nicely comb$ aft] m\nt+ w ne$ ano!r bru%+ & ! animal is ready = removal to a p]man5t m\nt or p$e/al4 ,"s little judgm5t c be display$ 9 ?is selection z a poor1 r\gh m\nt+ w detract f ! appe>ance ( ! be/ "w :ile a specim5 f> bel[ ! av]age w pass mu/] ) ta/eful & suitable surr\nd+s4 ,! same pr9ciples w apply ) "s exceptions 9 m\nt+ ab\t all l>ge animals4 ,"s ( ! mo/ pond]\s h a holl[ wood5 frame made to r$uce ! bulk ( fill+ requir$2 ?is is cov]$ ) wood5 /rips or la? & ?is 9 turn ) a lay] ( fibr\s mat]ial4 ,support+ rods m ?an #a_/b in* 9 diamet] mu/ h bo? ends ?read$ & be connect$ ) ! back-bo>d by iron squ>es4 ,^! consi/ ( a rectangul> piece ( iron1 b5t at "r angles & drill$ ) a numb] ( holes 9 bo? flanges4 ,"o set ( ^! is = screw+ to ! back-bo>d :ile ! o!rs are ( a size to receive ! upp] end ( ! leg rod4 ,by *ang+ ^! f "o hole to ano!r x is possible to v>y ! di/ance some:at betwe5 ! front & h9d legs )\t mov+ ! iron squ>es on ! back-bo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fa/5+ ,,rods ,,to ,,back ,,) ,,iron ,,squ>es4 ,sometimes ! hair w be f\nd miss+ 9 "o or m places on a f9i%$ animal & 9 su* case ,old ,dr4 ,le ,page's ,liquid ,hair ,re/or] is ! only rem$y4 ,! place to be cov]$ is coat$ ) glue & a small tuft ( hair f ! same or ano!r sk9 grasp$ ) a =ceps1 ! base t\*$ ) glue & c>efully plac$4 ,! hair is arrang$ ) a sett+ ne$le be=e ! glue h>d5s1 & ?\gh a t$i\s op]ation x may be p]=m$ s well z to defy detection4 ,ano!r way :]e ! hair or fur is ( "s l5g? is to procure a pat* ( ! "r size ) hair mat*+ t surr\nd+1 %av+ ! hide ?91 coat+ ! back ) glue & p9n+ on ! b>e spot4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,m\nt+ ,,heads ,,( ,,small ,,animals1 ,,birds ,,& ,,fi%4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ collections :i* ! av]age nature lov] c make is ( ! heads ( small game4 ,! exp5se is small] ?an :]e ! entire subject is pres]v$1 !y occupy b little room1 & are easily kept 9 good ord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wild ,,cat ,,head ,,m\nt$ ,,on ,,%ield4 ,heads ( small fur be>]s are all m\nt$ 9 ab\t ! same way4 ,9 sk9n+ split d[n ! back ( neck f betwe5 ! e>s to base ( neck1 cut ar\nd neck 9 front ( %\ld]s & turn ! scalp wrong side out ov] ! head1 put x ?r\gh ! usual pickl+1 p>+1 clean+ & poison+4 ,if e>s are pocket$ & lips split be=e pickl+ x may prev5t ! loss ( hair & epid]mis1 9 w>m wea!r especially4 ,clean ! skull if ! head is to be m\nt$ ) op5 m\?4 ,if ! skull is n to be _h1 ! tee? are brok51 or y are 9 a great hurry1 use an artificial =m ) ! int]ior ( ! m\? already modell$4 ,enl>ge ! op5+ at ! back ( skull & ins]t a piece ( bo>d n wid] ?an ! dep? ( neck f top to bottom4 ,drill a hole 9 top ( skull & drive a screw into ! bo>d into ! bo>d inside skull cavity1 prop ! l[] jaw op5 ! desir$ di/ance & fill ar\nd its articulations & ! base ( skull ar\nd neck bo>d ) fre%ly mix$ pla/] ( p>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fox ,,head ,,sk9n$ ,,& ,,on ,,neck ,,/&>d4 ,:5 ?is h>d5s ! skull ) op5 jaws is firmly fix$ on end ( neck bo>d4 ,fa/5 neck bo>d 9 vise & m>k :]e to saw (f1 all[+ = a piece ( #a_/b in* bo>d %ap$ l a cross section ( ! neck4 ,if an artificial =m is us$1 screw x to ! neck bo>d & treat ! same o!rwise4 ,make ! neck %ort r ?an long ) ! nose l[] ?an ! eyes 9 mo/ cases4 ,build up neck & head by w9d+ on t[4 ,m\nt & f9i% ! head z direct$ 9 rug "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,leop>d ,,head1 ,,artificial4 ,! sk9 may be fa/5$ at ! end ( neck by p9s or brads driv5 all ar\nd ! neck4 ,trim (f any surplus ) a knife1 cutt+ f inside ! sk9 to prev5t cutt+ (f ends ( fur4 ,if a sk9 has be5 ripp$ up ! front to ! *9 c>eful sew+ w make x pres5table1 ?\gh su* seams are h>d to conceal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hawk ,,head4 ,! heads ( birds ( prey & ! l>g] game birds %[ up well m\nt$ & ne$ no special treatm5t f t g5]ally giv54 ,! neck only is made up on a wire1 "o end ( :i* is %>p5$ to ?ru/ ?r\gh ! skull :ile ! o!r is /apl$ or cl9*$ to a bit ( bo>d r\nd or oval %ape4 ,! sk9 ( ! base ( neck is fa/5$ to ?is by sew+ back & =? across ! back4 ,heads ( fi% l bass & pike are prep>$ by cutt+ (f j back ( ! gills & clean+ f ! back all bra9s & fle%4 ,aft] poison+1 fill !m ) t[ or cotton1 brac+ ! m\? op5 if want$ s & keep 9 ! desir$ position until dry4 ,!n ! fibr\s fill+ is remov$ & !y are fill$ p]man5tly ) pla/] or pap] pulp & a piece ( bo>d fa/5$ 9 ! back ( head to furni% a hold = screws f ! back ( ! %ield or panel4 ,! inside ( ! m\? w ne$ remodell+ ) wax & ! :ole giv5 a coat ( :ite v>ni%4 ,any bright colors :i* may h fad$ %\ld be ret\*$ ) oil colors be=e v>ni%+4 ,suitable m\nts = small heads are 9 ! regul> %ield & r\nd & oval %apes1 & ru/ic panels ( natural wood4 ,a numb] ( small heads may be m\nt$ on "o long panel4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,m\nt+ ,,heads ,,( ,,l>ge ,,game4 ,m\nt+ heads1 ( horn$ game especially1 is a bran* ( taxid]my :i* suff]s no dim9ution 9 popul>ity4 ,su* "w is turn$ out at ! pres5t "t 9 f> bett] %ape ?an x 0 ye>s ago1 b _m f9e heads /ill rema9 t 7 ga!r$ 9 days ( abundance ( buffalo1 elk & m\nta9 %eep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%eep ,,head4 ,9 sk9n+ horn$ heads nev] op5 ! sk9 up ! front ( ! neck2 n only are su* seams difficult to hide b ! skull ) antl]s _c be entirely remov$ f ! sk9 z x %\ld be4 ,to d ?is op5 ! sk9 d[n ! c5t] ( ! back ( ! neck f j back ( ! horns to ! %\ld]s or at lea/ half t di/ance4 ,a neck ( m$ium l5g? is pref]able & _m a f9e head has be5 ru9$ by be+ cut (f j back ( ! e>s4 ,connect ! upp] end ( ! op5+ cut ) ! base ( ea* horn or antl] by a %ort bran* mak+ ! :ole op5+ ( a ,y or ,t %ape4 ,turn ! neck sk9 inside out d[n ov] ! head1 :i* 9 case ( a de] may re/ on ! antl]s1 until ! e>s are rea*$1 cut ^! (f n too close to ! head & ! horns are next met )4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sk9n+ ,,horn$ ,,heads4 ,,cut ,,on ,,heavy ,,l9es4 ,"w ! sk9 f ar\nd ! base ( ^! ) a dull knife or a small screwdriv] blade4 ,) ! same tool pry ! ?ick sk9 away f ! frontal bone4 ,:5 ! eyes are rea*$ h a c>e n to cut _! lids1 work+ clos] to ! bone ?an ! sk94 ,use ! screwdriv] aga9 to scoop up ! sk9 f ! s-call$ te> pits 9 front ( ! eyes4 ,let all ! d>k color$ sk9 on ! inside ( ! lips rema9 atta*$ to !m4 ,! sk9 ( ! neck is ! ?icke/ on ! :ole animal & mu/ be r$uc$ by %av+4 ,! sk9 ( ! :ole head & neck %\ld n only be fre$ f all fle% & muscle b %av$ to ab\t "o-half its orig9al ?ickness4 ,= ?is purpose "w on x ) a %>p knife or draw %ave on a half r\nd$ beam4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horn$ ,,heads--,,antelope1 ,,de]4 ,split ! lips & remove _! fle%y int]ior1 split ! nose c>tilage & sep>ate x f ! out] sk94 ,) "s blunt tool pry ! sk9 ( ! back ( ! e> f ! c>tilage & turn ! e>s wrong side out to _! tips4 ,give ! scalp at lea/ #bd h\rs' pickl+ or x w be liable to excessive %r9kage on dry+4 ,_m a f9e head m\nt$ gre51 )\t ?9n+ or pickl+1 has %runk & cont9u$ to %r9k = mon?s1 until all /it*es gave way & x crack$ & %rivel$ to an +lori\s end4 ,if a pap] head =m is to be us$1 ! top ( ! skull at ! base ( ! antl]s is sawn (f & ! balance ( ! skull disc>d$1 ! m common me?od w require ! clean+ ( ! skull ) antl]s rema9+ on x4 ,a little boil+ w exp$ite ?is & by *opp+ an op5+ 7#a-a_/b in*es wide 9 case ( a de]7 into ! l[] "p ( ! bra9 cavity ! bra9 is remov$4 ,?is op5+ w also receive ! end ( a wood5 neck /&>d ( plank ?ree in*es wide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,de] ,,skull ,,on ,,/&>d4 ,a nail ?r\gh ! top ( skull w hold x tempor>ily till ! l[] jaw bones are plac$ & ! :ole held solid by pack+ ! base ( skull & jaws 9 a mass ( s(t pla/] :i* w h>d5 9 a few m9utes4 ,?is neck /&>d %\ld be at "r angles to ! greate/ l5g? ( ! head4 ,measur+ ! neck sk9 :]e cut (f gives ! circumf]5ce ( an egg-%ap$ bo>d1 repres5t+ a cross section ( ! neck at t po9t 9 a v]tical l9e4 ,! neck /&>d is saw$ (f at ! prop] place & angle & made fa/ to ! bo>d by nails & screws4 ,) a v %ort neck x w be necess>y to depress ! nose consid]ably t ! antl]s may n come 9 contact ) ! wall4 ,?is %\ld all be calculat$ be=e fix+ ! skull p]man5tly on ! neck /&>d4 ,! /&>d c be held 9 ! vise & a little measur+ w indicate ! po9t ( atta*m5t & angle ne$$ to cle> ! wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,neck ,,bo>d4 ,n[ w9d excelsior on ! neck /&>d & skull until ! sk9n$ head & neck are r\ghly reproduc$4 ,try ! sk9 on occasionally to guide 9 ?is4 ,d n put any excelsior on ! upp] "p ( ! skull & face z no am\nt ( fle% 0 remov$ !re4 ,give ! *eeks a natural fullness & rememb] ! neck 0 n r\nd l a /ove pipe4 ,by sew+ f side to side ! %ape ( ! gullet & w9d pipe c be mold$4 ,:5 ! sk9 is /ill n q fill$ give ! head & neck a coat+ ( pott]'s 7or modell+7 clay & !n sev]al coats ( well pa/$ pap] z direct$ = cov]+ manik9s = l>ge animals4 ,:5 ?is has completely dri$ out remove sk9 f pickle1 clean & poison x & aft] plac+ ! e> =ms x w be ready to cov] ! head & neck4 ,i pref] good c>dbo>d =ms = ! e>s ?\gh "s use only metal4 ,lead is too clumsy & heavy1 copp] & wire clo? corrode1 pure %eet t9 works nicely b is exp5sive4 ,! =m %\ld receive a c\ple coats ( liquid glue be=e ! sk9 is put on to /ay4 ,fa/5 ! sk9 9 front ( ! eyes ) a brad & draw into place ab\t ! base ( ! antl]s4 ,use a heavy ne$le & wax$ l95 cord = ?is sew+4 ,heavy gill+ tw9e d\bl$ w d4 ,sew up f fir/ "o & !n ! o!r antl] to ! c5tral cut d[n ! back ( ! neck1 tie ! ?reads toge!r & cont9ue sew+ d[n ! neck4 ,get ! sk9 on face & ar\nd m\? plac$1 !n draw ! neck sk9 tight & nail to ! edge ( ! bo>d ) f9i%+ brads an in* or m long4 ,any surplus rema9+ c be trimm$ away4 ,a squ>e ( r\gh bo>d1 screw$ on ! end ( ! neck1 w enable x to /& on ! b5* ) nose up :ile ! f9al t\*es are put on ! anatomy ( ! head & face4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,head ,,& ,,e> ,,=ms4 ,! split lips fill$ ) a little clay are plac$ & w usually /ay )\t p9n+ if ! l[] lips are tuck$ "u :]e !y belong4 ,fill ! end ( ! nose & ar\nd ! no/rils nicely1 no live de] ev] _h a %rivel$ up nose4 ,fill "u ! eyebr[s z ! sk9 !re 0 q ?ick be=e p>+4 ,set ! eyes1 aft] fill+ sockets ) clay4 ,a little "w ) a %>p awl w put ! lids 9 place ) la%es dispos$ aright4 ,if ! e>s h n be5 p]man5tly fix$1 d s n[ fill+ out _! bases ) /uff]s & ?ru/+ /\t wires into ! head to keep !m set until dry4 ,a few /it*es are tak5 to hold ! sk9 ( bo? sides ( ! e>s toge!r1 :5 dry !y are remov$4 ,bru% ! hair d[n & if x p]si/s 9 r\gh spots1 pa/e !m & !n smoo? d[n4 ,:5 dry ! comb & bru% w remove ! scales ( pa/e readily along ) any dirt f ! hair4 ,:5 dry clean ! antl]s & oil !m lightly1 bru% out ! hair & clean all clay f eyes & nose4 ,connect ! eyes & lids ) black wax1 model ! inside ( no/rils ) cream or p9k wax & v>ni% ! end ( nose & any b>e lip t may %[4 ,p9s & brads t w %[ are drawn out & o!rs cut (f level ) ! sk94 ,! head :i* has hung dry+ on ! r\gh bo>d may be remov$ to a f9i%$ %ield z complete4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f9i%$ ,,head4 7,au?or's "w47 ,! pap] =m me?od has num]\s advantages b is n always conv5i5t to procure4 ,x w save ! beg9n] mu* t$i\s "w & greatly exp$ite matt]s = ! pr(essional4 ,^! =ms z suppli$ by deal]s are ( ! entire head & neck4 ,by cutt+ (f ! neck at ! prop] po9t1 nail+ 9 ! neck bo>d & screw+ ! plate ( bone at ! base ( ! antl]s to a block 9 ! top ( head x is ready to receive ! sk94 ,x w require b a %ort "t = ! sk9 to dry on ?is f\ndation s ! f9i%$ head is (t5 ready to return at ! end ( a week4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,head ,,=ms ,,= ,,elk ,,& ,,de] ,,heads4 ,= a numb] ( ye>s ,i h us$ a modification ( ?is process4 ,9 ?is ! =m is ca/ 9 halves :i* are jo9$ on a bo>d cut to ! outl9e ( ! head & neck4 ,?is w af=d a secure atta*m5t = ! antl]s & 9 addition ! sk9 ( ! neck may be nail$ securely ea* side ( ! op5+ cut1 mak+ any ripp+ or op5+ by %r9kage at t po9t =ev] impossible4 ,^! pap] =ms may be b\ght or made 9 v>i\s sizes1 s by ! addition ( a small am\nt ( "s modell+ mat]ial any sk9 is fitt$4 ,) a supply ( !m on h& "w c be turn$ out rapidly dur+ ! busy season4 ,^! directions = m\nt+ w apply equally 9 case ( moose1 elk or o!r l>ge game heads1 always provid+ supports adequate = ! l>g] animals4 ,a m\nt$ head ) insuffici5t & wabbly me*anical con/ruction is n a joy =ev]4 ,! head ( a common %eep or ram is a good "o = ! beg9n]1 z its coat ( wool cov]s small defects4 ,x is a conv5i5t size to h&le & if n entirely successful no great exp5se has be5 incurr$4 ,on ! o!r h& a fairly m\nt$ ram's head is q ornam5tal & suitable1 especially on ! wall ( a c\ntry h\se4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,m\nt+ ,,horns ,,& ,,antl]s4 ,a neatly m\nt$ set ( antl]s or horns are an ornam5t any:]e1 9 ! home1 (fice or public room1 & 9 case any "o ( ! out-o'-door frat]nity wi%es to try sett+ up a pair1 ,i w give a few simple directions & h9ts :i* may be helpful4 ,"s bits ( lumb]1 screws1 pla/] ( p>is1 plu% or lea!r1 tacks1 etc41 are ab\t all ! mat]ials ne$$2 also a "o-f\r? in* drill bit to make ! necess>y holes 9 ! frontal bone4 ,by saw+ (f ! top ( ! skull d[n to ! eyes we sep>ate ! antl]s & ! frontal bone on :i* !y gr[1 f ! re/ ( ! skull4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to leave ! same am\nt ( bone on ea* side1 s ! antl]s w be ! same di/ance f ! wall4 ,= antl]s ( small or m$ium size ea/]n de]1 cut a he>t-%ap$ block ab\t #dx#e in*es f a piece ( s(t #g_/h-;in* bo>d4 ,! edges ( ?is %\ld be slightly bevel$ t[>d "o side4 ,?is may be cut out 9 its f9i%$ %ape ) a keyhole saw1 or r\gh$ out ) a h& saw1 & trimm$ up ) a draw knife or wood rasp4 ,aft] drill+ two or ?ree holes 9 ! plate ( bone atta*$ to ! antl]s1 arrange !m ev5ly on ?is block & screw fa/1 us+ screws :i* w n protrude f ! back ( ! block4 ,if ! bone is unev5 or ! antl]s d n hang "r1 small pieces ( wood may be ins]t$ at "o side or ! o!r until ! desir$ effect is _h4 ,n[ put a half p9t ( wat] 9 "s old di% & mix 9 pla/] ( p>is until x is l v ?9 putty4 ,) an old knife y c spread ?is ov] ! bone & r\nd x up ne>ly to ! burr ( ! antl]s4 ,illu/ration ,if ! fir/ mix+ is n en\gh1 mix a little m1 = if too mu* pla/] is put on any:]e x c be easily scrap$ (f be=e x gets dry4 ,?is ne$s to be put on quickly z ! pla/] soon sets or h>d5s & 9 fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes x c be scrap$ & trimm$ to a smoo?1 r\nd+ surface4 ,= cov]+ ?is wood & pla/] base1 plu%1 s(t lea!r or pantasote is us$4 ,plu% or velvet is ! easie/ to apply = a beg9n]4 ,a piece ab\t n9e in*es squ>e w d = our set ( small antl]s4 ,lay ?is on ! pla/] & turn+ x ov] ! edge ( ! block1 tack x on ! back ) c>pet tacks1 beg9n+ 9 ! c5t]1 at top & bottom4 ,slit 9 ea* side to ! antl] & cut a hole l>ge en\gh to be a snug fit = ! antl] bel[ ! burr4 ,draw on & tack1 gett+ ! wr9kles out z y proce$1 ! l[]1 or front "p1 fir/4 ,lap ! upp] or back ov] x neatly at ea* side1 turn+ ! edges "u & fa/5+ !m ) a few /it*es4 ,x is a good plan to drive ! tacks only "p way at fir/1 !n !y c be easily drawn & re-arrang$4 ,n[ cut two /rips ( ! mat]ial to g ar\nd bel[ ! burr ( ! antl]s4 ,turn ! edges ( ^! "u1 draw !m tightly ar\nd & fa/5 ! ends toge!r back ( ! antl]s ) a few /it*es4 ,!y are n[ ready = fa/5+ on a %ield or panel4 ,cattle horns %\ld h ! piece ( bone connect+ !m screw$ to a long oval block1 !n treat$ simil>ly4 ,horns ( %eep1 cattle & goats frequ5tly come loose f ! bony core4 ,a little pla/] mix$ v ?9 & p\r$ inside ! horn j be=e replac+ !m w fa/5 !m on aga94 ,d n try to poli%1 pa9t1 gild or o!rwise improve ! natural appe>ance ( de] antl]s4 ,wa% & clean !m well & rub 9 a little l9se$ oil4 ,poli%+ br+s out ! beauty ( horns ( cattle & bison1 if ! op]ator is lavi% ( elb[ grease4 ,! process is ?is3 ,fa/5 ! horns firmly some:]e & attack fir/ ) rasp1 !n file1 scrape ) glass1 f9e s&pap]1 f9] s&pap]1 p[d]$ pumice /one1 putty p[d]4 ,f9i% ) oil$ rag4 ,old bison horn1 wea!r$ on ! prairies till !y resemble old roots1 c be made to look l poli%$ ebony by ! above =mula4 ,don't =get to add ! elb[ grease1 ?\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bolt+ ,,%$ ,,antl]s ,,to #b x #d ,,block4 ,%$ antl]s are a diff]5t & r difficult proposition4 ,x is a t$i\s job to drill !m & ins]t heavy irons 9 _! bases s firmly z to prev5t turn+4 ,(t5 !y are cut (f at a bevel1 drill$ & screw$ directly to ! %ield ) brass r\nd head$ screws4 ,by drill+ into ! base ( a %$ antl]1 above ! burr1 9 a diagonal direction x may be bolt$ to a %ort piece ( #bx#d scantl+4 ,fa/5 bo? antl]s on ?is 9 a natural position 9 relation to ea* o!r1 !n drill a second hole 9 ea* & bolt !m fa/1 us+ ma*9e bolts & c\nt]s9k+ ! heads 9 ! antl]s by *isel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%$ ,,elk ,,antl]s ,,to ,,be ,,m\nt$4 ,f ,national ,zoological ,p>k ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,! piece ( scantl+ w ne$ to be c>v$ a little 9 ord] to get a good be>+ = ! butt ( ! antl]s4 ,?is artificial =ehead1 z we might call x1 is to be fa/5$ to a he>t-%ap$ block by nail+ or screw+ f ! back & cov]$ z direct$ be=e4 ,if ! c\nt]sunk bolt heads are c>efully modell$ ov] ) putty or ma*e & color$ l ! antl]s no "o w "k !y are n atta*$ to a 'bony' fide =ehead4 ,elk antl]s w ne$ #e_/af in* bolts1 :ile #a_/d in* is suffici5t = mo/ de] antl]s2 inde$ screws ( t diamet] w hold a small pair q securely4 ,sometimes ! upp] "p ( ! skull is scrap$1 blea*$ & fa/5$ entire to ! %ield ) brass screws or bolts4 ,! base block = l>ge de] antl]s %\ld be ?ick] & l>g] 9 proportion4 ,elk & moose antl]s requir+ to be fa/5$ ) heavy coa* or lag-screws to a block cut f two-in* plank4 ,africa has a pr(usion ( horn$ game mo/ly ( ! antelope family & ( late ye>s _m ( ^! horns f9d _! way to ! walls 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!y are m\nt$ z direct$ = ! de] ) ! exception t _m ( !m are improv$ by poli%+ ! tips or ev5 ne>ly ! entire l5g? ( ! horns4 ,z mo/ ( !m are corrugat$ or twi/$ 9 great v>iety ?is calls = consid]able prelim9>y "w ) half r\nd & r\nd rasps & files be=e s&pap]1 glass & poli%+ p[d]s give a f9i%4 ,if ! tips & ! high] surfaces ( ! balance are completely poli%$1 ! re/ smoo!d d[n some:at & ! entire horns rubb$ ) a little oil ! effect w be good4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,good ,%ield ,patt]n ,illu/ration3 ,back ( block ,%ields are made 9 v>i\s patt]ns1 woods & sizes1 ! av]age pair ( de] antl]s requir+ "o #g_/h in* ?ick & ab\t #hx#aj or #ajx#ab in*es4 ,oak 9 a dull oil f9i% always looks well1 ?\gh walnut1 *]ry1 a% & bir* are mu* us$4 ,if ne> a woodwork+ %op provid$ ) a jigsaw & m\ld] !y w turn !m out 9 any patt]n y may wi%4 ,! ,ogee m\ld$ edge is to be pref]r$4 ,if y h to make x y\rself1 a simple diamond1 squ>e or oval panel ) r\nd$ or bevel$ edge w be suffici5tly difficult4 ,arrange ! antl]s 9 place on ! %ield & m>k lightly ar\nd ! base1 remove !m & drill ?ree holes = screws4 ,c\nt]s9k = ! heads on ! back ( ! %ield & s fa/5 ! antl]s 9 place4 ,= light horns a brass screw-eye at ! top ( %ield is us$ to hang !m1 b heavy moose & elk antl]s require an iron plate 9 back ( %ield1 let 9 flu% across ! top ( a p]p5dicul> groove to cat* a hook or head ( a heavy nail 9 ! wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,de] ,,antl]s2 ,,elk ,,feet2 ,,bison ,,horns4 ,if ! antl]s are to be us$ z a rack = hats1 guns or rods1 two screw-eyes or plates w be necess>y to prev5t turn+4 ,!re are o!r me?ods ( m\nt+ horns & antl]s1 b ,i h f\nd ! above to be ! mo/ sub/antial & neat1 & n v difficult4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,m\nt+ ,,feet ,,& ,,ho(s4 ,_m sportsm5 n[ pres]ve ! feet ( _! l>ge game to h !m made up 9 v>i\s articles ( use & ornam5t :i* !y c di/ribute among _! fri5ds or use 9 _! own homes4 ,"s ( ^! articles are gun & rod racks1 furniture legs & feet1 ink wells1 mat*1 cig> & a% hold]s1 !rmomet]s1 pap] weights1 umbrella & cane h&les4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wood5 ,,crook ,,= ,,de] ,,foot4 ,x goes )\t say+ t = su* ?+s z racks1 furniture legs1 h&les & !rmomet] m\nts ! leg sk9 atta*$ to ! ho( %\ld be left six or m in*es 9 l5g? :ile = ink wells1 etc41 x may be %ort]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sk9n$ ,,de] ,,foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,de] ,,foot ,,ink ,,well4 ,9 fairly cool wea!r ! feet & l[] legs ( de] w keep = "s days )\t sk9n+ z !y conta9 b a small am\nt ( fle%4 ,/ill x is safe/ & b ! "w ( a few m9utes to split !m up ! backs1 sk9 d[n to ! toe jo9ts & cut !m (f !re4 ,dry !m ) or )\t salt+ & !y are easily pack$ up to c>ry home or s5d to ! taxid]mi/4 ,if "o foot & %ank is receiv$ 9 ! fle% x w aid 9 m\nt+ !m up z racks1 furniture legs1 etc41 z = su* purposes ! sk9 is m\nt$ ov] a piece ( wood ( ! size & %ape ( ! sk9n$ leg4 ,= prep>+ feet = racks & h&les x is well to supply y\rself ) a numb] ( natural crooks ( ab\t ! size ( a de]'s leg & ne>ly ( a "r angle4 ,sassafras1 gum or "s s(t wood "w up easie/4 ,:5 sk9n$ place 9 pickle or give foot coat+ ( ars5ic & alum--pickle is be/4 ,be sure & leave en\gh sk9 atta*$ to ho(2 a little exp]i5ce w tea* y ?is4 ,n[ remove foot f ba?1 r9se well & sew up same z f> z ! claws2 next bore a hole ?r\gh ! claws f inside ( claws1 :]e x w n %[4 ,get two wire nails & nail ^! claws to a bo>d1 z %[n 9 ,a4 ,n[ arrange ! ho(s z %[n 9 illu/ration & put a screw into ea* f und]nea?1 to hold !m d[n 7,b71 or y c nail a cleat across !m by nail+ to ! block on ea* side ( ho(2 ! idea is to get ^! p>ts firmly plac$ 9 position4 ,n[ f9i% sew+ up ! sk9 & /uff x full ( *opp$ excelsior1 %ap+ ! foot z y proce$4 ,n[ drive a long nail aga9/ back side ( foot to keep x f sagg+ 7,c74 ,all[ ! foot to ?or\ghly dry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,de] ,,foot ,,!rmomet]4 ,:5 dry remove excelsior & cut (f surplus sk9 ar\nd top & ! foot is ready = an ink well1 mat* safe1 a% tray or pap] weight1 z !y all g on ! same way4 ,mix up "s pla/] ( p>is 9 wat] & run ! foot full & place ! ink well or o!r fitt+ 9 place & all[ ! pla/] to set & ! foot is f9i%$4 ,if y wi% a p5 re/ y c n[ place x 9 position4 ,9 sett+ up !rmomet]s remove bone to ho( & :ittle out a /ick %ape ( bones remov$4 ,coat inside ( sk9 ) ars5ic & alum & place /ick 9 position & sew up sk94 ,put on metal cap at top & tack on !rmomet]4 ,= hooks on racks1 "w up a /ick ) crook into ! approximate size & %ape ( ! de]'s leg ) ! foot b5t at "r angles4 ,x _h be/ be a little small s x c h a coat+ ( clay or o!r modell+ mat]ial to make ! sk9 fit x p]fectly4 ,sew up z = !rmomet]4 ,:5 dry fa/5 to ! rack by ins]t+ 9 a squ>e or oval hole & w$g+ at ! back4 ,= furniture legs ! feet are turn$ out 9 natural position on wood5 legs1 & fa/5$ by bolt+ or screw+ to small tables1 /ools1 or scre5s4 ,z h&les = canes & umbrellas1 treat ! same z = hooks & leave ! wood long to =m a d[el :i* is glu$ or ins]t$ 9 cane or umbrella1 a metal b& cov]+ ! end ( ! sk94 ,i h ref]r$ 9 ?is *apt] to de] feet1 b ^? ( elk1 c>ib\ & moose are also us$ & suitable fitt+s 9 nickel & silv] plate are suppli$ 9 v>i\s sizes by deal]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,de] ,,foot ,,hat ,,rack4 ,if y wi% ! ho(s mottl$ 7!y look be/ t way7 file same until y get to ! quick1 :i* is light 9 color & gives ! foot a v attractive appe>ance4 ,smoo? d[n ) s&pap] or edge ( glass4 ,oil a rag & dip x 9 p[d]$ pumice /one & rub ho( vigor\sly a few mom5ts1 & y w h a beautiful poli%4 ,! small] articles are complete z !y are or may be m\nt$1 ink wells1 etc41 on r\nd1 & !rmomet]s on long panels ( v>i\sly f9i%$ woods4 ,_m nice articles may ?us be made f :at is usually consid]$ wor?less (fal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moose ,,foot ,,jewel ,,case4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,m\nt+ ,,fi%4 ,^! ) reptiles are mo/ difficult to pres]ve ) any success by ! ord9>y me?ods4 ,!re are "s individuals :i* x is impossible = ! taxid]mi/ to prep>e ! sk9s (1 s z to reta9 a natural appe>ance = any l5g? ( "t4 ,!y c only be repres5t$ by ca/s pa9t$ to ! be/ ( ! arti/'s ability4 ,mo/ ( ! v>ieties ( m$ium & l>ge game fi%es c be m\nt$ by ! av]age taxid]mi/ & x is ) ^! we are mo/ly conc]n$4 ,!re are almo/ z _m me?ods ( m\nt+ fi% z !re are op]ators1 ea* hav+ "s pet k9k ( real or fanci$ sup]iority4 ,z (t5 z o!rwise fi% are m\nt$ 9 ! m$allion /yle1 ) "o side only %[+4 ,?is is especially adapt$ to display on walls & panels4 ,= fill+ mat]ial ev]y?+ f sawdu/ to pla/] has be5 employ$ b z good results z any are secur$ by a h>d core ( ! approximate size ( ! sk9n$ fi%1 coat$ ) "s pla/ic sub/ances :i* is m\ld$ into %ape ?r\gh ! sk94 ,9 sk9n+ "s fi% ! scales mu/ be protect$ by pa/+ ?9 pap] ov] !m b ord9>ily x is suffici5t to keep ! sk9 wet & n all[ x to dry out until x is complete4 ,a piece ( oil clo? is good to "w on 9 sk9n+ fi% or birds ei!r4 ,"s taxid]mi/s h a l>ge pane ( glass set flu% 9 a table top = ?is purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fi% ,,b$d$ ,,9 ,,s& ,,) ,,pla/] ,,m\ld ,,( ,,upp] ,,half4 ,) a fre%ly caught fi% at h& :i* is to be made into a m$allion ! process is ab\t z foll[s3 ,be=e sk9n+ lay x flat on "o side on a piece ( s(t wood bo>d ( ! prop] ?ickness & m>k out its outl9e4 ,?\gh only "o side ( ! m\nt$ fi% %[s1 a little m ?an precisely "o half is pres]v$ 9 ord] to include ! tail1 ! v]tical & dorsal f9s & also to give an appe>ance ( rotundity4 ,leav+ ?is m>g9 all ar\nd1 ! sk9 is cut away f ! side :i*1 on acc\nt ( damage or o!r reason1 is select$ = ! back4 ,! head mu/ be cut ?r\gh ) *isel or a f9e saw4 ,sev]+ ! bones at ! base ( ! f9s ) ! scissors ! :ole body is remov$ by cutt+ ! sp9al column at its junction ) ! skull4 ,9 sk9n+ fi% y w note a :ite lay]1 l t9 foil1 :i* gives ! fi% its silv]y color4 ,d n di/urb ?is if possible4 ,remove all surplus fle%1 cut away ! gills & int]ior ( head & if at all greasy 7:at fi% is n7 treat to a ba? 9 gasol9e4 ,use absorb5t1 sawdu/ or meal to remove oily gasol9e1 drop 9 alcohol or =maldehyde solution :ile ! body is prep>$4 ,to d ?is cut out ! bo>d by ! outl9e on x ) a %ort bevel on ! back & ! o!r side ! full %ape ( ! fi%4 ,! :ole =m is slightly dim9i%$1 h[ev]1 to all[ = a coat+ ( clay4 ,?is is appli$ aft] ! sk9 has be5 remov$ f ! solution & poison$4 ,:5 a good fit is secur$ ! sk9 is fa/5$ 9 place by sew+ f top to bottom1 across ! back bo>d1 or if l>ge1 nail+ ! edges to ! bo>d4 ,! f9s :i* h be5 kept wet are to be spread2 ea* clamp$ ) two pieces ( pa/ebo>d4 ,on v l>ge fi% spr+ clo!s p9s may be us$ to clamp ! f9s1 = small ones p9s =c$ ?r\gh bo? ?icknesses1 outside ! f9s4 ,sponge ! fi% (f c>efully to remove all clay or o!r dirt & give x a coat ( r ?9 :ite v>ni%4 ,?is prev5ts ! scales curl+ up & to "s ext5t fixes or re/ores ! colors ( ! fi%4 ,! eye is set aft] ! fi% is dry & if x does n fill ! socket1 model ar\nd x ) wax or pap] pulp4 ,fi% eyes v>y s greatly t to /rictly copy nature y _h bett] use ! uncolor$ fi% eyes1 pa9t+ ! back ) suitable oil colors ) a coat or two ( %ellac ov] x to prev5t ! clay 9 :i* x is set f affect+ ! pa9t4 ,! f9al pa9t+ ( a m\nt$ fi% :i* is necess>y to complete ! be/ "w is a task = an arti/4 ,if a specim5 9 ! fle% 7liv+ if possible7 is at h& ?is is made easi]4 ,all fi% sk9s collect$ %\ld be accompani$ by color sket*es if possible4 ,all silv]y fi% %\ld be coat$ ) size & nickel leaf ov] _! entire scaly surface4 ,on ?is gr\nd pa9t ) ?9 oil colors4 ,if ! pa9t is n too ?ick ! desir$ silv]y %e5 w %[ ?r\gh4 ,if ! :ole fi% is d>k no leaf is ne$$ & 9 "s cases ! upp] "p ( ! body requires a gold gr\nd ) ! nickel leaf on ! silv]y "u p>ts4 ,japanese gold pa9t or some?+ simil> w d = a gold5 gr\nd4 ,! f9i%$ m$allion may lie flat 9 a case1 be fa/5$ on ! face ( a panel1 or hung by a loop at ! m\? or c5t] ( back4 ,panels ( natural wood are a favorite m\nt & fram$ panels cov]$ ) plu% or ! imitation pebbl$ uphol/]y lea!r4 ,ano!r me?od ( m\nt+ m$allions is to take a pla/] mold ( ! display half ( ! fi% & f x make a pla/] ca/ l ! back bo>d4 ,?is is s&pap]$ d[n to all[ = ! sk9 & g\g$ out at ! bases ( ! f9s & tail4 ,! head too is n reproduc$ on ! ca/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m$allion ,,fi%1 ,,pap] ,,back+1 ,,bo>d ,,back1 ,,excelsior ,,betwe54 ,:5 ! sk9 is ready to apply1 coat ?is pla/] ca/ ) "s nonpor\s modell+ mat]ial4 ,a mixture ( ?9 liquid glue & :it+ is good = ?is4 ,"s pap] pulp is put inside ! head & at ! junction ( body & f9s4 ,%ape f ! outside ) ! f+]s4 ,a piece ( wood %\ld h be5 plac$ 9 ! back ( ! pla/] ca/ :5 mak+ same1 9 ord] to fa/5 to a panel by screws f ! back4 ,pa9t ! wood ) melt$ p>aff9 be=e putt+ 9 ! wet pla/] or x may swell & subsequ5tly %r9k en\gh to crack ! ca/4 ,by ei!r ( ! prec$+ me?ods ! entire fi% c be m\nt$ if desir$4 ,! op5+ cut %\ld be made f head to tail along ! l[] edge ( ! body 9 mo/ scale fi% & w require "s neat modell+ to hide z bo? sides are to be on exhibition4 ,entire fi% are usually support$ by metal /&>ds ris+ f a wood5 base4 ,su* /&>ds are pref]ably ( brass1 ?read$ & fitt$ ) nuts & rosettes at bo? ends4 ,two nuts at ! l[] end clamp ! base & ) ! upp] end ins]t$ 9 ! back bo>d1 ! upp] nut w adju/ ! fi% at ! "r heigh?4 ,! rosettes cov] ! nuts & add a f9i%$ appe>ance4 ,especially adapt$ to t>pon & o!r pond]\s fi% are m$allions m\nt$ on pap]4 ,to d ?is a half m\ld is made z describ$1 ! sk9 remov$1 clean$1 poison$ & replac$ 9 ! m\ld4 ,!n x is back$ up ) num]\s lay]s ( s(t pap]1 well pa/$ & press$ 9 ) ! h&s4 ,let ^! lay]s ( pap] ov]lap ! m\ld at lea/ z mu* z ! m>g9 ( sk9 left on ! back4 ,:5 a suffici5t ?ickness is atta9$ fill ! holl[ =m loosely ) crumpl$ pap] or excelsior & fit 9 place a back bo>d ( light wood4 ,nail ?r\gh ! m>g9 ( sk9 & pap] into ! edges ( ?is4 ,if a numb] ( l>ge holes 7 made 9 ! back bo>d x w exp$ite ! dry+ out4 ,:5 p>tly dry1 remove f ! m\ld1 pa9t+ & f9i%+ z be=e :5 completely dry4 ,by ?is means ! cont\r ( l>ge fi% is absolutely reproduc$ & ! f9i%$ "w is extremely light & durable4 ,_m ( ! smoo? sk9n$ fi%es are impossible to m\nt satisfactorily1 a ca/ is ! be/ we c d = !m4 ,:5 us+ a liv+ fi% z a guide 9 pa9t+1 x may be conf9$ 9 an aqu>ium & by slid+ a wire scre5 p>tition1 be kept j be=e ! arti/'s eye4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,m\nt+ ,,fi%--,,baumg>tel ,,me?od4 ,"s ye>s ago ,a ,practical ,me?od ( ,fi% ,m\nt+ 0 adv]tis$ by ,mr4 ,baumg>tel 9 ,angl+ & ,sport+ publications4 ,entire satisfaction 0 giv5 to ^? :o /udi$ & appli$ ! lessons1 ?r\gh correspond5ce s*ool me?ods4 ,bo? ! au?or & publi%] ( ,,home ,,taxid]my ,,= ,,pleasure ,,& ,,pr(it1 are inde$ glad to publi% ! entire c\rse z us$ by ,mr4 ,baumg>tel1 includ+ diagrams1 figures1 etc41 z same toge!r ) copyright 0 convey$ to ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+4 ,! same degree ( excell5ce 9 m\nt+ fi% has n be5 s g5]ally atta9$ z 9 o!r bran*es ( ! taxid]my art1 & ?is ,i believe is because an equal am\nt ( /udy has n be5 giv5 ! subject4 ,hundr$s c m\nt birds well to "o :o c prep>e fi% 9 z skillful a mann]1 al?\gh ! m\nt+ ( fi% dates f z e>ly a p]iod 9 ! art ( taxid]my4 ,x is a "q ( me?od & ! "r "o4 ,! usual me?ods ( m\nt+ fi% h prov5 s unsatisfactory t !y h be5 almo/ entirely ab&on$1 &1 until ! me?od to be describ$ 0 devis$1 x 0 necess>y to place specim5s 9 alcohol or o!r pres]v+ liquids or to make pla/] ca/s ( !m4 ,! objections to ! =m] process are t x is exp5sive1 requir+ especially con/ruct$ j>s to %[ ! specim5s )\t di/ortion4 ,!y usually lose all _! natural colors1 & 9 mo/ cases %r9k to su* an ext5t z to give only an approximate idea ( _! orig9al =m4 ,!re are also s]i\s objections to ! latt] me?od4 ,pla/] ca/s are easily brok5 & c]ta9 p>ts1 su* z ! int]ior ( ! m\?1 _c readily be produc$4 ,fur!r1 x is n desirable 9 natural hi/ory collections to exhibit ca/s ( ! objects :5 ! orig9als c be display$4 ,!n1 too1 ! sportsman does n c>e = a ca/ ( 8 ,big ,fi%1 b wants ! real ?+ to v]ify hi/ory ( ! "o t didn't get away4 ,to me a pla/] ca/ ( an object t c itself be pres]v$ is ab\t z int]e/+ z a nicely pa9t$ decoy duck comp>es ) a well-m\nt$ sk94 ,z is ! case ) ne>ly e taxid]mi/1 pr(essional z well z amateur1 ,i h always be5 an en?usia/ic sportsman4 ,! desire to pres]ve ! specim5s tak5 by me l$ me to devote myself to ! /udy ( taxid]my4 ,p]haps ! dilator9ess ( ! arti/ :o m\nt$ my fir/ specim5s _h a /imulat+ effect4 ,lat]1 z a pr(essional taxid]mi/1 ,i = _m ye>s m\nt$ fi% by means ( ! v>i\s me?ods1 b ! results obta9$ 7 n satisfactory to me4 ,9 #aijc ,mrs4 ,baumg>tel & ,i made a trip to ,p9e ,riv]1 ,mi*igan1 = tr\t4 ,x 0 9 ,june4 ,! wea!r turn$ cold1 & we took few fi%4 ,on ! twelf? ,i made :at 0 to be my la/ ca/1 _h tak5 d[n my rod & 0 walk+ along ! bank ( ! riv] on my way to camp1 :5 at ! edge ( a pool ,i notic$ a fi% jump+4 ,i c\ld n resi/ ! temptation to try "o m ca/1 & mak+ prep>ations ,i dropp$ a ,p>ma*5e ,belle a few in*es f ! spot :]e ! fi% _h j brok5 ! wat]4 ,!re 0 a rise1 a /rike1 & ,i 0 fa/ to a fi% de/9$ to be m9e4 ,aft] an excit+ /ruggle1 ,i l&$ a ?irte5-in* grayl+ weigh+ "o p\nd & two ounces4 ,( c\rse1 ?is fi% ,i _h to pres]ve & want$ x to look z x did :5 tak5 f ! net4 ,we bo>d$ ! tra9 = home t ev5+1 & supply+ my wife ) read+ matt]1 ,i 0 soon lo/ 9 m$itation4 ,! madam told me _m times dur+ ! j\rney home t ,i 0 n at all companionable4 ,be t z x may1 ! result ( ! e>ne/ /udy giv5 ! matt]1 & ! previ\s exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 exp]im5t+ ) o!r processes1 0 t a practical me?od ( m\nt+ fi% 0 devis$1 a me?od by means ( :i* ! angl] c successfully m\nt 8 own specim5s4 ,necessity is ! "m ( inv5tion1 y "k4 ,a picture ( ?is grayl+ is giv5 bel[4 ,x /ill occupies a position 9 our d9+ room1 toge!r ) o!rs to rem9d u ( pleasant days on lake & /ream4 ,x is m\nt$ ) ! v fly & lead] on :i* x 0 tak54 ,illu/ration3 ,,grayl+--,,result ,,( ,,my ,,fir/ ,,exp]i5ce ,,at ,,fi% ,,m\nt+4 ,= ! pa/ f\r ye>s ,i h successfully taught my me?od by correspond5ce4 ,a few ye>s ago activities 9 o!r directions compell$ me to give up taxid]my "w1 & o!r int]e/s n[ dem&+ m ( my p]sonal att5tion1 ! publi%] ( ?is book1 always on ! al]t = some?+ ( practical value to int]e/ 8 read]s1 w pres5t to y 9 ^! pages ! id5tical in/ructions ,i h s successfully us$4 ,i take ! lib]ty ( quot+ v]batim f a lett] j receiv$ by me f a fri5d ( a prom95t ea/]n pr(essional man1 "o :o1 :ile *a9$ to bus9ess1 /ill f9ds "t to get close to nature = a season ea* ye>3 ,ref]r+ to ! fi% m\nt$ on our ,newf\ndl& trip3 ,i may say t x 0 our fir/ exp]i5ce & we 7 agreeably surpris$ at results4 ,9 all !re 7 t5 specim5s ( salmon1 sea-tr\t & brook-tr\t m\nt$ & we f\nd no great difficulties4 ,all ! "w 0 accompli%$ 9 an old b>n aft] we got home ev5+s & e>ly morn+s be=e go+ out4 ,! only ob/acle we enc\nt]$ 0 gett+ ! fi% back to ! /ates 9 good %ape4 ,five ( ! specim5s n[ occupy prom95t place 9 ! ,doctor's d5 & ,i am always pleas$ to po9t out to fri5ds ! results ( our labors4 ,y c d z well4 ,,in/rum5ts4 ,knife4 ,ne$le & ?read4 ,saw1 f9e too!d4 ,scalpel4 ,scissors1 /raight & curv$4 ,%e>s4 ,sk9 scrap]1 n ! too!d-edge4 ,tweez]s4 ,"o c get along ) simply a jack-knife1 pair ( %e>s1 & ne$le & ?read2 b to d fir/-class "w easily1 good tools are requir$4 ,,mat]ials4 ,alcohol4 ,alum9um leaf4 ,ars5ic1 p[d]$4 ,clay1 pott]s' or modell+4 ,eyes1 glass1 cle> except pupils4 ,papi] ma*e1 prep>$4 ,p9e bo>d4 ,p9s4 ,pla/]1 calc9$4 ,tube pa9ts4 ,v>ni%1 cle> :ite4 ,bru%es4 ,,prelim9>y ,,in/ructions--,try fir/ a p]* or o!r fi% hav+ scales firmly atta*$4 ,see t ! f9s & tail are un9jur$1 & t no scales are miss+ f ! side to be display$4 ,z e p]fectly =m$ fi% has bo? sides alike1 & z ord9>ily b "o side c be se5 at a "t1 only a little m ?an "o half ( ! fi% is to be m\nt$4 ,note c>efully ! colors 7includ+ ^? ( ! eye & ! int]ior ( ! m\?7 ( ! fre%ly caught fi%1 mak+ a sket* ( ! specim51 %[+ ! ext5t ( ! diff]5t colors & m>k+s1 ! spots1 if any1 & ! eye4 ,! pupil is n usually r\nd4 ,! eye ( a lake tr\t appe>s l ,fig4 #a4 ,a c>efully kept note book is a valuable aid4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,eye ( ,lake ,tr\t ,:ile ! tail is ( c\rse a f9 7! caudal71 9 ?is "w x w be call$ ! tail1 to di/+ui% x f ! o!r f9s4 ,see ,fig4 #b = key to ! names ( ! f9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fi% ,,9 ,,m\ld4 7,fig4 #b47 ,names ( f9s3 ,d--,dorsal1 ,a--,adipose1 ,c--,caudal 7tail71 ,p--,pectoral1 ,v--,v5tral1 ,an--,anal4 ,,! ,,mold4--,wa% ! fi% 9 wat] to remove dirt & mucus4 ,on a bo>d some:at long] & wid] ?an ! fi%1 place a suffici5t am\nt ( moi/ s& 9 :i* to imb$ ! specim5 to "o-half its dep? :5 ly+ on its side 9 ! desir$ position4 ,level ! s& & holl[ x out = ! l>g] "p ( ! body4 ,l>ge fi% %\ld be display$ /raight1 ) ! m\? clos$ or only slightly op54 ,small] & m graceful ones may be %[n 9 positions ( activity2 ris+ to fly1 break+ away1 etc4 ,if ! m\? is to be op51 fill x ) cotton or clo? 9 ord] to keep out ! pla/]4 ,place ! fi% 9 ! position y wi% x to h :5 m\nt$1 ! side to be display$ upp]mo/4 ,see t ! dorsal & anal f9s1 & ! tail1 lie flat on ! s&1 & t "o-half ! body appe>s above ! s& its entire l5g?4 ,!re mu/ be no unev5 places4 ,view$ f ! end1 x %\ld appe> l ,fig4 #c2 f ! side1 l ,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,end ,,view4 7,fig4 #c7 ,illu/ration3 ,,side ,,view4 7,fig4 #d7 ,heap up ! s& all ar\nd1 ab\t an in* f ! fi%1 to prev5t ! pla/] fl[+ (f ! bo>d4 ,mix a suffici5t am\nt ( pla/] to cov] ! fi% to a dep? ( ab\t half an in*1 cov]+ ! f9s & tail z well z ! body4 ,mix ! pla/] by /irr+ a little at a "t into cold wat] until x has ! consi/5cy ( cream4 ,place ! pectoral & v5tral f9s flat aga9/ ! body4 ,p\r ! pla/] ov] ! fi% sl[ly & ev5ly 7cov]+ ! head1 tail & edges fir/71 all[+ x "t to dry until q h>d1 p]haps ?irty to =ty m9utes4 ,!n turn ! mold ov] 7x w appe> l ,fig4 #b7 &1 by ins]t+ ! f+]s 9 ! gills1 c>efully remove ! fi%4 ,lay ! mold aside = a "t4 ,wa% all s& & pla/] f ! fi%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,incisions ,,to ,,be ,,made4 7,fig4 #e7 ,,sk9n+ ,,! ,,fi%4--,if ! fi% has scales easily dislodg$1 wrap x1 ) ! exception ( ! f9s & tail1 9 sev]al ?icknesses ( tissue pap]1 :i* w readily adh]e to ! moi/ sk94 ,lay ! fi% on y\r table1 on ! side :i* 0 cov]$ by ! pla/] & place wet clo?s on ! f9s & tail to prev5t dry+4 ,comm5ce at ! gills & make two cuts ) ! scissors or scalpel l5g?wise ( ! fi% to ! tail1 cutt+ into ! abdom9al cavity bel[1 jo9+ ^! cuts 7see ,fig4 #e71 remov+ ! /rip ( sk91 includ+ ! pectoral f91 ) adh]+ fle%1 & ! cont5ts ( ! cavity4 ,) ! f+]s1 or tweez]s1 grasp ! cut edge ( ! sk9 ( ! back & ) ! scalpel c>efully sep>ate x f ! fle% z f> z ! middle l9e ( ! back f ! head to ! tail4 ,remove ! expos$ fle% to ! backbone4 ,) ! knife1 %e>s or f9e too? saw1 split ! head l5g?wise a little to "o side ( ! middle1 leav+ some:at m ?an half4 ,d n sev] ! sk9 ( ! body :]e x comes to a po9t betwe5 ! gills1 & use great c>e :5 remov+ ! fle% f ?is portion4 ,y n[ h a trifle m ?an "o-half ! fi% to "w on4 ,) ! scissors cut ?r\gh ! ribs & remove ! backbone ) "s ( ! fle%4 ,be c>eful :5 cutt+ ?r\gh ! backbone at ! tail n to cut ?r\gh ! sk9 bel[4 ,go+ back to ! head1 remove ! rema9+ fle%1 & ) ! curv$ scissors & scalpel cut away all ! c>tilage possible f ! head2 ! m ! bett] s long z ! sk9 is n injur$4 ,if en\gh ( ! c>tilage c be remov$ to expose ! muscles ( ! *eek f ! inside1 cut !m away1 tak+ out ! eye2 o!rwise x w be necess>y to "w f ! outside ( ! sk9 ?r\gh ! eye op5+1 & ?is mu/ be done v c>efully or ! sk9 ( ! *eek may be brok54 ,) mo/ fi%es x is possible to remove all ! c>tilage f ! head1 & ?is %\ld be done to prev5t %r9kage4 ,if ! m\? is to be op51 d n cut away its l9+ or mu* ( ! tongue beh9d4 ,! tongue is to be split p]p5dicul>ly l5g?wise & ab\t "o-?ird ( x remov$4 ,:5 ! head has be5 ?or\ghly clean$1 remove ! rema9+ fle% f ! body ) ! sk9 scrap] or scalpel4 ,! v5tral f9 :i* is upp]mo/ z ! fi% lies on its side & is n to %[1 %\ld be c>efully cut (f outside ! sk94 ,d n cut (f ! v5tral f9 on ! side :i* is to be display$4 ,d n scrape away ! silv]y l9+ ( ! sk9 if ?is c be avoid$4 ,"s ( x w come (f4 ,cut away ! bases ( all ! f9s & ! tail inside ) ! curv$ scissors & scrape away all fle%1 work+ close to ! f+]s s z n to /ret* ! sk94 ,tie ! v5t inside ) ?read4 ,unless ! fi% is q small1 ! sk9 ( ! l[] jaw mu/ be loos5$ ) ! knife or scalpel & ! muscles cut away4 ,! adipose1 or small fle%y f9 on ! back ne> ! tail ( su* fi%es z ! tr\t1 mu/ be c>efully op5$ f ! inside ( ! sk9 ) a small-blad$ knife & ! cont5ts remov$1 to be lat] replac$ ) clay4 ,place ! sk9 9 wat] to loos5 ! pap]--if any has be5 us$--c>efully wa%+ ! sk9 & wett+ ! f9s & tail ?or\ghly4 ,y may all[ ! sk9 to rema9 9 ! wat] until y are ready to put x back 9 ! mold1 b n long] ?an a few h\rs4 ,,fill+4--,bru% ! s& f ! mold1 & if ! upp] edge is unev51 smoo? x ) a knife s t x w be p]fectly /raight4 ,%\ld !re be any r\gh places on ! inside ( ! mold1 c>efully scrape !m d[n ) ! sk9 scrap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inside ,,bo>d4 7,fig4 #f7 ,cut out r\ghly a piece ( s(t p9e "o-half to "o in* ?ick ! %ape ( ! outl9e ( ! fi%1 b some:at small]1 us+ ! mold z a guide4 ,"o side w1 ( c\rse1 be flat1 & t side %\ld be upp]mo/ :5 plac$ 9 ! mold4 ,"w up ) wat] a suffici5t quantity ( clay to ab\t ! consi/5cy ( fre% putty4 ,place ! mold on y\r b5* or table1 re/+ x on some?+ s(t 7su* z a piece ( old c>pet or burlap7 to prev5t its break+4 ,dra9 ! wat] f ! sk9 & put x back into ! mold1 adju/+ x nicely4 ,! m$ian l9e w guide y4 ,see t ! head1 f9s & tail occupy ! same places !y did be=e4 ,p\r a little alcohol on ! sk9 inside & let x run along ! bases ( ! f9s & tail1 ov] ! entire inn] surface ( ! sk9 & into ! head to pres]ve any bits ( fle% t may possibly rema94 ,dra9 (f ! surplus alcohol4 ,fill ! adipose f9 7if ! fi% has "o7 ) clay4 ,spr9kle p[d]$ ars5ic ov] ! entire inside ( ! sk9 & head4 ,d n use m ?an w readily adh]e4 ,! *ances are t y remov$ m or less ( ! silv]y l9+ ( ! sk94 ,:e!r y did or n1 cov] ! entire inn] surface ( ! sk9 ( ! *eek & body ) two or ?ree ?icknesses ( alum9um leaf4 ,d n cov] ! entire surface at once4 ,cov] a small "p at a "t1 & !n put on top ( ! leaf en\gh clay to cov] x1 comm5c+ at ! head & cont9u+ to ! tail4 ,replace ! muscles & c>tilage ( ! head ) clay4 ,be sure to keep ! sk9 prop]ly adju/$ to ! mold4 ,see t ! f9s & ! tail rema9 9 _! prop] places & t !y are kept cov]$ ) wet clo?s4 ,flatt5 out ! clay 7a small quantity at a "t7 ) ! f+]s & cov] ! inside ( ! sk9 to ! dep? ( ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in*1 press+ x d[n firmly1 especially at ! bases ( ! f9s & tail & into ! *eek & head4 ,fit 9 ! piece ( p9e1 cutt+ x d[n z may be necess>y4 ,its %ape w be some?+ l ,fig4 #f4 ,mix "s m pla/]1 & be=e putt+ 9 ! piece ( bo>d1 p\r 9 ! pla/] on ! clay1 fill+ ! sk9 p]haps two-?irds full4 ,quickly1 be=e ! pla/] sets1 put 9 ! piece ( wood1 c>efully press+ x d[n into ! pla/] until x is level ) ! upp] edge ( ! mold1 remov+ any surplus pla/] quickly & neatly4 ,sew up ! sk9 f "o edge to ! o!r z %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sew+ ,,up ,,! ,,sk94 7,fig4 #g7 ,,remov+ ,,specim5 ,,f ,,mold ,,& ,,dry+4--,lay a piece ( clean bo>d ( ! prop] size on top ( ! mold1 turn+ bo? ov]4 ,lift up ! mold a trifle1 g5tly %ak+ x4 ,! fi% may or may n come out4 ,if n1 turn ! mold back1 ins]t ! po9t ( a knife 9 ! wood & try to />t ! fi%4 ,9 extreme cases x may be necess>y to break ! mold c>efully4 ,h[ev]1 !re %\ld be no und]cuts to hold ! fi%4 ,c>efully wa% ! fi% z x lays on ! bo>d to remove all clay & pla/] :i* may be on ! upp] surface4 ,) ! f+]s smoo? out any wr9kles or unev5 places4 ,sometimes1 :5 dry+1 small wr9kles or bubbles may appe> 9 ! sk9 ( su* fi% z tr\t1 b !y w soon disappe>4 ,if y plac$ ! fi% 9 a natural position :5 mak+ ! mold & prop]ly adju/$ ! clean$ sk9 to ! mold1 !re %\ld be no wr9kles4 ,place ?9 pieces ( wood ! %ape ( ! f9s betwe5 ! bo>d & ! dorsal & anal f9s1 :i* %\ld /& out f ! bo>d a little way4 ,cov] ! tail & ! f9s :i* lie flat ) ?9 pieces ( wood1 p9n+ !m to ! bo>d until dry4 ,! f9s :i* d n lie flat %\ld be spread betwe5 ?9 pieces ( wood held 9 place ) p9s or clips4 ,:5 ! surface ( ! fi% is dry1 :i* w be 9 f six to twelve h\rs1 give x a coat ( ! v be/ :ite v>ni% 7! ord9>y yell[ v>ni% w n d7 & put ! specim5 9 a well v5tilat$ place out ( ! sun to dry4 ,9 ?ree or f\r days :5 ! f9s are dry1 remove ! ?9 pieces ( wood & apply ano!r coat ( v>ni%4 ,,caution4--,ars5ic is poison & %\ld be kept out ( ! way ( *ildr5 & animals4 ,keep ! box cov]$ :5 n 9 use4 ,cuts 9 ! h& c be protect$ by cov]+ !m ) liquid c\rt pla/]4 ,clean ! f+] nails c>efully :5 ?r\gh "w1 wa%+ ! h&s 9 w>m wat] conta9+ a few drops ( c>bolic acid4 ,,f9i%+4--,:ile ! fi% is dry+ secure uncolor$ glass eyes ) ! prop]ly %ap$ black pupils & pa9t ! iris f y\r sket*4 ,:5 ! specim5 is ?or\ghly dry1 9 two or ?ree weeks1 dig a suffici5t am\nt ( clay out ( ! eye op5+ & put 9 ! glass eye1 sett+ x 9 papi] ma*e4 ,use ! prep>$ ma*e1 :i* only requires boil+ ) wat] = prep>ation4 ,:5 ! ma*e is dry1 give ! expos$ portion ( x "o or two coats ( pa9t ( ! prop] color4 ,n[ d su* pa9t+ z may be necess>y--= in/ance1 ! spots & f9s ( ! brook tr\t1 colors ( :i* h d\btless vani%$ by ?is "t4 ,use tube pa9t1 ?9n$ ) ! :ite v>ni%4 ,usually x is suffici5t to place a small quantity ( ! pa9t ( ! prop] color directly into ! v>ni%4 ,d n use mu* ( ! pa9t--j en\gh to secure ! color & yet n obscure ! scales4 ,:]e ! m>k+s are prom95t1 put "s ( ! pa9t directly on ! fi% & spread x ) ! v>ni%4 ,brilliant spots1 su* z ^? ( ! tr\t1 c be reproduc$ by ! use ( ! pa9ts )\t ! v>ni%4 ,:ile ! specim5 is dry+ prep>e a panel = x4 ,to %[ ! fi% to ! be/ advantage1 ! panel %\ld be ( poli%$ h>dwood1 al?\gh /a9$ p9e w answ]4 ,bore two holes ab\t half way ?r\gh ! panel f ! back1 slant+ upw>d1 by :i* to hang x4 7,see ,fig4 #h47 ,bore two holes entirely ?r\gh ! panel 9 ! prop] places & screw ! fi% to x1 putt+ 9 ! screws f ! back ( ! panel & into ! fi% :]e ! wood is ?icke/4 ,c\nt]s9k ! screws4 ,illu/ration3 ,,home ,,made ,,panel4 7,fig4 #h7 ,f9ally1 apply a la/ coat ( ! v>ni%4 ,d n v>ni% ! glass eye4 ,by keep+ a piece ( writ+ pap] betwe5 ! panel & y\r bru% y c v>ni% ! fi% )\t gett+ any on ! panel4 ,x is be/ to put on ! f9al coat aft] ! specim5 is m\nt$ on ! panel1 because if ! fi% is h&l$ be=e ! v>ni% is h>d f+] m>ks w %[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,side ,,view4 7,fig4 #i7 ,,m\nt+ ,,heads4--,) a %>p knife or saw cut ! head (f squ>ely j back ( fir/ 7pectoral7 f9s1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #i & #aj1 :i* %[ ! head ( a black bass4 ,9 ?is case ! v5tral f9s are also left on4 ,place ! head on a bo>d ) ! cut "p d[n1 spread+ ! f9s z 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,if x is to be display$ ) op5 m\?1 fill ! m\? ) cotton or clo? to exclude ! pla/]4 ,cov] ! :ole head ) pla/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,view4 7,fig4 #aj7 ,aft] ! pla/] sets1 ) a saw & knife cut ! mold into two p>ts l5g?wise1 be+ c>eful n to cut into ! head4 ,use ! saw fir/ & :5 ! pla/] is cut d[n close to ! sk9 use ! knife c>efully4 ,d n attempt to remove ! head be=e cutt+ ! mold 9 two4 ,remove fle% & c>tilage f ! head1 l9e ) alum9um leaf1 & proce$ z previ\sly in/ruct$4 ,( c\rse none ( ! tongue is to be remov$ if ! m\? is to be left op51 9 :i* case d n remove ! bony p>ts ( ! gills4 ,be=e plac+ ! clean$ sk9 9 ! mold1 tie ! two p>ts ( ! mold toge!r4 ,cut a neck bo>d to fit & set x 9 pla/]4 ,f9i% z previ\sly advis$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,m\nt+ ,,reptiles1 ,,frogs ,,& ,,toads4 ,! l>ge/ reptile ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! alligator1 is m\nt$ by me?ods appli$ to m$ium siz$ animals4 ,leg1 head & tail rods are /apl$ to a /\t back bo>d & aft] build+ up ! legs f t[ ! l>g] "p ( ! body is fill$ by /uff+ ) co>se t[ or f9e excelsior4 ,let ! sk9 re/ back d[n :ile engag$ 9 ?is1 sew+ up ! sk9 z x proce$s1 ) /\t tw9e & a sail ne$le4 ,y may ev5 ne$ to use ! awl to pi]ce ! armor l sk94 ,= any natural position ! leg irons ne$ n be heavy z ?is animal usually keeps its body & tail 9 contact ) ! gr\nd4 ,! leg rods are cl9*$ or bolt$ b5ea? ! p$e/al z 9 o!r quadrup$s & 9 addition "s long screws are turn$ into ! back bo>d f bel[ & ! tail held d[n by wire fa/5$ to its c5tral support & cl9*$ b5ea? ! p$e/al4 ,all b ! smalle/ liz>ds are m\nt$ 9 ! same way z ! small fur-be>]s4 ,!re is app>5tly no kn[n mode ( /uff+ a snake s z to resemble its natural /ate4 ,! sk9 mu/ be plac$ on a c>efully modell$ manik9 ) a pla/ic lay] betwe54 ,= small snakes t[ is w\nd on a wire & %ap$ ) ?read1 & excelsior is us$ 9 ! same way = ! l>ge ones4 ,! l>g] manik9s are to be pos$ & pap] coat$ 9 mo/ cases be=e receiv+ ! sk94 ,frogs & toads are also v difficult to m\nt 9 natural positions1 b are nicely repres5t$ 9 pa9t$ ca/s4 ,frogs1 h[ev]1 possess ! di/9ction ( n hav+ to be sew$ up1 :5 sk9n$ z !y usually are ?r\gh ! m\?4 ,9 do+ ?is ! entire body is dissect$ away ?r\gh ! m\? & ! legs are deta*$ & sk9n$ ! same way4 ,aft] turn+ completely wrong side out & poison+ ! legs are wir$1 wrapp$ ) t[ or cotton 9 ! same mann] z o!r small animals4 ,"o h9d leg wire is cut long en\gh to rea* ?r\gh ! body & head & to ?is ! o!r leg wires are twi/$4 ,"s claim t to leave ! v]tebral column atta*$ to ! sk9 ( ! back is an invaluable aid 9 giv+ t "p its prop] %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wir+ ,,sy/em ,,= ,,frog4 ,! body fill+ is t[ or cotton plac$ ?r\gh ! m\? 9 small pieces until ! prop] %ape is acquir$4 ,dry s& has be5 us$ to fill ! bodies ( frogs1 be+ p\r$ 9 ! m\? ?r\gh a funnel & reta9$ by a cotton plug until ! sk9 0 dry1 :5 x 0 p\r$ out4 ,pa9t+ & v>ni%+ are requir$ to f9i% m\nt$ frogs4 ,! frog is a favorite ) ! c>icaturi/ z x c be made to take almo/ any human po/ure ) laughable results4 ,turtles may be m\nt$ by wrapp+ & wir+ legs1 tail & head l o!r small animals1 aft] deta*+ ! "u %ell on ?ree sides1 remov+ ! body & sk9n+ ! limbs4 ,! t[ wrapp$ legs %\ld h a cov]+ ( s(t clay :i* c be %ap$ ) ! f+]s aft] !y are return$ to ! sk94 ,twi/+ ! wires toge!r is all "r = ! small turtles1 l>ge ones ne$ a block ( wood to cl9* ! wires 94 ,! "u %ell is replac$ & fa/5$ ) small wires & z en\gh sk9 0 left atta*$ to x to sew to1 all cuts are clos$ t way4 ,heavy wires are seldom necess>y 9 turtles4 ,^? hav+ bright color$ %ells w ne$ to be t\*$ up ) pa9t & all %\ld be v>ni%$ ?9ly to give a fre% appe>ance4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,skulls ,,& ,,skeletons4 ,:ile ! prep>ation ( skeletons = ! cab9et is sometimes und]tak5 by ! g5]al taxid]mi/ x is m (t5 ! "w ( a tra9$ o/eologi/4 ,collectors 9 ! field are (t5 ask$ to pres]ve r\gh skeletons ( desirable v>ieties & ! skulls at lea/ %\ld be pres]v$ ) ! sk9 ( ea* quadrup$ tak5 = m\nt+4 ,a specim5 ) a damag$ or imp]fect sk9 may yield a good skeleton & 9 ! case ( some?+ v r>e bo? ! sk9 & skeleton may be m\nt$ sep>ately4 ,?is process is "o call+ = a skill$ op]ator z all claws1 nails or ho(s %\ld rema9 on ! sk9 :ile _! bony cores are "p ( ! skeleton4 ,9 ! pres]vation ( r\gh skeletons1 sk9n+ by any me?od is ! fir/ /ep1 next ! removal ( ! visc]a1 etc41 !n ! mo/ ( ! fle% & muscle %\ld be dissect$ (f ! bones1 aft] :i* poison ) dry ars5ic & put :]e x w dry out quickly & be out ( ! rea* ( =ag+ animals4 ,! legs ( small animals %\ld be unjo9t$ z well z ! skull & aft] trimm+ be put inside ! body cavity & securely ti$ to prev5t loss2 birds are treat$ ab\t ! same & all l>ge animals are pretty ?or\ghly tak5 ap>t 9 ord] to prop]ly clean ! bones4 ,always rememb] t a skeleton ) p>ts cut away or bones lo/ is ab\t z good z none4 ,leave any c>tilage atta*m5ts & any p>ts ( a bony nature = ! o/eologi/1 to be on ! safe side4 ,sometimes along salt wat] an unclean$ skeleton may be put 9 a wire nett+ cage & an*or$ 9 ! wat] :]e v>i\s small m>9e animals w soon cle> away ! fle%4 ,on l&1 too1 a simil> exp$i5t may be practic$ by putt+ small c>casses 9 a box ) holes bor$ 9 x & bury+ x 9 "s active ant hill4 ,9 bo? cases ! op5+s ne$ to be small1 t ! small] bones may n be c>ri$ (f & !y %\ld be remov$ be=e ! ligam5ts are de/roy$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skulls--,,dog ,,wolf1 ,,%e ,,wolf1 ,,bay ,,lynx1 ,,ott]1 ,,m9k4 ,:5 !y are n want$ = sci5tific purposes1 skulls may be clean$ ) ! m9imum labor by boil+4 ,wat* !m closely1 h[ev]1 & remove z soon z ! fle% gets t5d] z mu* cook+ w cause ! tee? to fall out & ! skull to sep>ate at ! sutures4 ,glue & pla/] p>is w put su* dis9tegrat$ skulls 9 %ape = comm]cial m\nt+ b !y are ru9$ =ev] = ! sci5ti/4 ,a fri5d 0 once clean+ a quantity ( skulls 7= museum purposes7 & to exp$ite matt]s put !m on to boil2 all w5t well z long z ! pot 0 wat*$1 b an accid5t1 ! collapse ( a l>ge build+1 call$ him away & prev5t$ 8 return until a doz5 or s skulls _h turn$ to a mass ( loose tee? & scraps ( bone4 ,i nev] knew j :at transpir$ betwe5 him & ! museum curator aft]w>d1 no?+ ( int]e/ to ! g5]al public4 ,small specim5s :i* x is propos$ to skeletonize are be/ pres]v$ entire 9 alcoholic solution z loss & breakage are ?us prev5t$4 ,! solution ( =maldehyde c be us$ = ?is purpose b is n z good z x t\gh5s ! fle%1 mak+ its future removal m difficult4 ,! complete clean+ ( a skeleton is a matt] ( mu* soak+ & scrap+1 call+ = mu* pati5ce & a /rong /oma*4 ,ligam5t>y skeletons ( ! small] birds & animals are (t5 prep>$ & m\nt$ by ! non-pr(essional ) fair success4 ,! entire specim5 is clean$ ( all fle% )\t disconnect+ any ( ! bones except ! skull & ! leg ( all b ! smalle/ species4 ,! sp9al cord is replac$ ) a brass or galvaniz$ wire ( suitable size & l5g?2 ?is %\ld project en\gh to p5etrate a piece ( cork fitt$ to ! cavity ( ! skull4 ,if ! leg bones 7 remov$ !y %\ld be fa/5$ back 9 place by drill+ small holes ?r\gh !m at ! jo9ts1 ins]t+ a piece ( brass wire & cl9*+ ! ends ov]4 ,! skeleton is hung by cords or ?reads 9 a frame ( wood5 /rips1 s ! feet w re/ on ! base1 & !n arrang$ 9 "s natural attitude1 hold+ ! p>ts 9 place until ! ligam5ts are fully dry by means ( p9s1 ?reads & /rips ( c>dbo>d4 ,! f9i%$ skeleton _h be/ be support$ on its p$e/al by two metal rods ) a ,u %ap$ =k at _! upp] ends :i* w clasp ! v]tebrae j 9 front ( ! h9d legs & back ( ! head4 ,^! rods %\ld be ( brass or galvaniz$ iron gild$ & _! l[] ends are ei!r ?read$ & provid$ ) two nuts1 or b5t at "r angles & /apl$ to ! "u side ( ! m\nt4 ,bird skeletons are treat$ 9 a simil> way1 b ! w+ bones ne$ a support+ wire fa/5$ to ! back bone & a s+le /&>d4 ,! small] birds & animals up to ! size ( a small squirrel may be skeletoniz$ & m\nt$ )\t metal supports4 ,a ligam5t :i* gives way may be replac$ by "s fibres ( raw cotton saturat$ ) glue4 ,:ile clean+ ! bone = a ligam5t>y skeleton x %\ld be kept damp until x is giv5 ! f9al attitude4 ,wat] ) a few drops ( c>bolic acid %\ld be us$ = ?is4 ,a ba? ) *loride ( lime solution w help to :it5 ! bones1 ?\gh v greasy ones call = an application ( b5z9e4 ,fi%1 reptiles1 etc41 dem& ab\t ! same treatm5t4 ,! l>ge birds & quadrup$s are usually clean$ bone by bone1 & ea* jo9t articulat$ 9 ! laboratory1 ?\gh _! pres]vation 9 ! field z r\gh skeletons require simil> me?ods4 ,! ma9 rule 9 collect+ skeletons is to nev]1 nev] lose a bone or any?+ ( a bony nature atta*$ to ! specim54 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,sportsm5',s ,,trophies4 ,z our game becomes sc>c] ,i believe !re w be m dem& = ! pres]vation ( ! sportsman's trophies ?an 9 ! days ( abundance n[ pa/4 ,!n only a ph5om5ally r>e or l>ge or freaki% example seem$ to w>rant ! tr\ble & exp5se ( putt+ 9 ! taxid]mi/'s h&s4 ,n[ ! s\v5ir ( a good day's sport or a memorable out+ is deem$ well wor? keep+4 ,heads1 horns1 sk9s = floor or hang+s & fi% & game panels = ! d9+ room walls h always be5 9 high favor ) sportsm54 ,s also are unique articles ( use & decoration = ! home4 ,! naturali/ sportsman ^: trips are1 f =ce ( circum/ances1 only local c 9 a %ort "t make a spl5did %[+ by pres]v+ su* good types ( game z he may procure4 ,9 m\nt+ birds z hang+ dead game x is well to hang ! specim5 be=e sk9n+1 9 ! position wi%$ & if possible sket* x s1 at lea/ impress its appe>ance well on ! memory4 ,! ma9 po9ts ( ! process are ! same z = ord9>y m\nt+4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a few exceptions :i* ,i w m5tion4 ,if "o side ( a bird is defective 9 any way x may be m\nt$ ) su* side next ! panel1 s (t51 if ! specim5 is to h ! brea/ or "u side display$1 ! op5+ cut is made d[n ! back or on "o side4 ,if a pair ( birds ( ! same k9d are us$ on "o panel pose !m to display ! back ( "o & brea/ ( ! o!r4 ,x w usually be necess>y to wire ! w+s ( birds = game panels s z to adju/ !m prop]ly1 ?\gh !y are sometimes fix$ f ! outside by emb$d+ %>p5$ wires 9 ! body4 ,ducks ( all k9ds are especially suitable = panels 9 t _! plumage be+ /iff] & m durable does n make cas+ 9 glass s necess>y1 ?\gh mo/ ( our game birds c1 by prop] treatm5t1 disp5se ) su* protection4 ,"o ( ! mo/ effective duck trophies :i* ,i ev] saw 0 a /r+ ( ?ree or f\r small duck ris+ 9 flight app>5tly f "o corn] ( a room1 to ! ceil+ 9 ! c5t] ( ! side wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fly+ ,,duck4 7,= wall47 ,= ?is effect !y are m\nt$ ) w+s spread & rais$1 head & legs out/ret*$4 ,!y are hung on nails 9 ! wall 9 a regul>ly asc5d+ l9e1 ! po9t ( susp5sion be+ a wire loop "u ! w+ on ! side next ! wall4 ,s+le birds look well 9 ! same position4 ,rabbits & squirrels are also m\nt$ z hang+ dead game ei!r 9 comb9ation ) "s ( ! small game birds or sep>ately4 ,9 select+ panels = ?is class ( "w use ^? f9i%$ 9 a contra/+ color to ! g5]al tone ( ! specim5s1 a d>k bird on a light] panel & ! rev]se4 ,on all panels & %ields smoo? r\nd$1 bevel$ or ,ogee edges are advisable4 ,small head+s & intricate m\ld+ are du/ cat*]s4 ,wild cats1 'coons1 foxes1 coyotes1 ev5 be>s & pumas ga!r$ by night hunt]s & dog en?usia/s are usually be/ made up z m or less elaborate rugs4 ,z wall & c\* or *air hang+s ^! h no trimm+ & (t5 no l9+ except "u ! head4 ,if = any reason ! sk9s are unfit = ?is ! heads c g5]ally be us$ z wall m\nts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,timb] ,,wolf ,,rug1 ,,full ,,head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,de] ,,head ,,hall ,,rack4 ,room may be f\nd = a few ( ! small] specim5s m\nt$ :ole b 9 ! av]age home !y are ! bugbe> ( ! h\sekeep]1 e>ly exil$ to ! attic4 ,a fri5d ( m9e has 8 collection ( small game birds1 occupy+ ! plate rail ( 8 d9+ room1 well out ( ! way & admir$ by _m4 ,well m\nt$ heads & antl]s are suitable almo/ any:]e t !y d n seem cr[d$4 ,! fam\s ,ea/ ,room ( ! ,:ite ,h\se has "s h&some examples4 ,to make !m answ] a useful purpose !y are made into hall racks1 alone & 9 comb9ation ) feet4 ,! mak]s ( m\nts (f] a numb] ( v attractive designs 9 ! well-f9i%$ h>d woods1 "s provid$ ) plate glass mirrors4 ,fi% make beautiful trophies :i* l5d !mselves p>ticul>ly to wall decoration on panels or z fram$ m$allions4 ,h[ (t5 ! m\nt$ trophy w\ld save ! fi%]man's reputation = v]acity4 ,p]haps _! rapidly p]i%able nature acc\nts = ! r>ity ( fi% trophies4 ,9 conclusion ,i w\ld say if y are a sportsman try ! prelim9>y or entire pres]vation ( "s ( y\r trophies1 at lea/ get !m to ! taxid]mi/ 9 z good ord] z y c4 ,rememb] no matt] h[ f9e a specim5 may h be51 if all[$ to be mutilat$1 become putrid or damag$1 x c nev] be entirely repair$4 ,! taxid]mi/ mu/ recall t exig5cies ( ! field are responsible = neglect ( _m details & a nature lov+ sportsman is a fri5d wor? hav+1 :o w %>e ! cont5ts ( a seldom ov]full purse ) y 9 return = y\r be/ ef=ts4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,odds ,,& ,,ends1 ,,taxid]mic ,,novelties4 ,!re is almo/ no end to ! useful & int]e/+ ?+s an +5i\s p]son c turn out 9 ?is l9e4 ,!re is q a dem& = ! pres]vation ( ! plumage ( game birds = mill9]y use s9ce ! kill+ ( o!r birds = ?is purpose 0 =bidd54 ,w+s1 tails1 heads & brea/s1 pr9cipally1 ( gr\se1 pheasants & wat] f[l s us$ d n call up visions ( />v+ ne/l+s4 ,!y ne$ only to be sk9n$ & poison$ z usual & p9n$ out to dry 9 ! desir$ %ape (t5 loosely fill+ 9 & "s cases wir+ ) r small s(t wire4 ,:5 dry all raw edges or surfaces %\ld be cov]$ ) pieces ( cambric or l9+ canvas glu$ on4 ,antl]s & horns are sometimes work$ up into arm*airs & two pairs ( small de] antl]s turn$ upside d[n & screw$ to a squ>e ( bo>d make ! f\ndation ( a nice /ool4 ,hat1 gun & rod racks ( feet1 antl]s & heads 9 v>i\s comb9ations are m5tion$ else:]e & occasionally "s "o attempts an electroli] ( antl]s1 m\nt$ ei!r on ! heads or sep>ately4 ,to d ?is grooves are *isel$ out ( ! back ( ! antl]s to receive insulat$ wire runn+ to ea* po9t :i* is equipp$ ) a light bulb4 ,aft] plac+ ! wires & bulbs & te/+1 ! grooves are fill$ ) ma*e or putty color$ to mat* ! o!r surface4 ,peacock fea!r & fox tail du/]s are fitt$ ) buck horn h&les or ^? made ( fox or wild cat paws4 ,rid+ :ips w look well ) ! same /yle h&les4 ,scre5s f m\nt$ birds are highly ornam5tal1 especially ^? ( fram$ plu% or sat9 on :i* birds ( contra/+ plumage are m\nt$ 9 m$allion /yle4 ,x w\ld be h>d to f9d a m beautiful object ?an a sn[ :ite h]on m$allion on a black velvet scre5 fram$ 9 gold4 ,^! m$allions are m\nt$ by flatt5+ ! subject consid]ably s x is 9 little m ?an half relief4 ,a numb] ( small birds may be m\nt$ on a sat9 cov]$ scre5 ) embroid]$ bran*es & foliage4 ,"s ( ! small] fur be>]s h be5 us$ 9 ?is way ) success4 ,"s arti/s h specializ$ 9 grotesque m\nt+ ( small specim5s1 s+ly & 9 gr\ps4 ,frogs1 toads & squirrels are be/ suit$ to su* c>icature "w4 ,a foot muff c be made up f scraps ( fur & w be appreciat$ 9 cold climates on long rides & indoors z well sometimes4 ,to make ?is a cov]+ ( ! size & %ape ( a foot /ool is made ( c>pet or simil> mat]ial4 ,! bottom & sides are ( ?is & ! top ( "s %ort fur4 ,a slit is made 9 ?is top & a bag ( long fur or wool is sew$ into ! slit s :5 ! muff or /ool is loosely fill$ ) t[ & excelsior ! feet may be ?ru/ d[n into ! fur l9$ pocket4 ,! head ( a fox or wildcat 9 half relief put on top1 ov] ! feet w give a f9i% to x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,foot ,,muff1 ,,trimm$ ,,) ,,head ,,& ,,tails4 ,a novelty 9 fur rugs is to m\nt ! sk9 ( "s small animal 9 ! c5t] ( a l>g] "o ( contra/+ color4 ,! s-call$ ,plates ( black goat are (t5 s us$ ) a fox1 coon1 or lynx 9 ! c5t]4 ,to d ?is m\nt ! fox z = a half head rug1 :5 dry & %ap$ cut out a pap] patt]n ! exact size ( x4 ,apply ?is patt]n to ! back ( ! goat plate1 m>k ar\nd x & cut out1 leav+ ! op5+ a little small] ?an patt]n4 ,be sure patt]n 0 "r side up4 ,sew ! sk9 9 f ! back1 wad & l9e x4 ,a felt trimm+ is unnecess>y on ?is rug4 ,illu/ration3 ,,monkey ,,c>d ,,receiv]4 ,mat* safes1 c&le hold]s1 & simil> ?+s are made f ! heads ( fi% & ducks ) metal conta9]s fa/5$ 9 _! op5 m\?s4 ,monkeys1 be> cubs & alligators m\nt$ erect ) c>d trays are q /rik+ :ile foxes or raccoons pe]+ ov] ! edge ( umbrella j>s or wa/e baskets are equally s4 ,_m animals are m\nt$ 9 ,g]many = adv]tis+ purposes1 be+ ei!r sold outright or r5t$ by ! mon?4 ,"s ( ^! are really a =m ( slot ma*9e ) co9 actuat$ me*anisms :ile o!rs are motor driv51 attract+ att5tion z mov+ displays always d4 ,be>s & foxes on sw+s & seesaws & v>i\s small animals on m]ry-g-r\nds are always attractive4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,gr\ps ,,& ,,gr\p+4 ,?is subject is m ( int]e/ to ! museum prep>ator ?an ! home taxid]mi/1 b a %ort consid]ation ( x is n out ( place "h4 ,_m in/ructive & pleas+ little gr\ps ( our small] mammals & birds c be prep>$ = display 9 ! home4 ,su* gr\ps usually require cas+ = protection b are well wor? ! tr\ble & exp5se4 ,always try to make a gr\p mean some?+4 ,let ! subjects be fe$+1 fight+ or occupi$ 9 any natural way4 ,family gr\ps %[+ ! male & female1 adults & "y1 9 ! home surr\nd+s are always good4 ,! seasonal gr\ps ( ,spr+1 ,autumn1 ,summ] & ,w9t] h be5 produc$ by mo/ bird taxid]mi/s at "s "t4 ,appropriate v>ieties ( small birds are ! blue birds = ,spr+2 gold f9*es1 ,autumn2 yell[ birds or tanag]s1 ,summ]2 sn[ birds1 ,w9t]4 ,fram$ ) pa9t$ backgr\nds & suitable accessories _! %all[ wall cases may be hung l pictures4 ,nev] make ! mi/ake ( gr\p+ animals t w\ld nev] meet 9 natural circum/ances or furni% !m ) incongru\s surr\nd+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,squirrels--,,grey1 ,,r$1 ,,fly+1 ,,gr\nd 7,,*ip ,,munk7 ,! arrangem5t ( gr\ps = ! exhibition cases ( museums is v exact+ z !y are made op5 to ! view on all sides4 ,9 ord] to judge ( ! affect su* gr\ps are modell$ 9 m9iature clay figures :i* are *ang$ & re-arrang$ until satisfactory be=e ! m\nt+ is begun4 ,su* "w is r out ( our prov9ce b an intellig5t arrangem5t ( two or m figures c be made to convey _m m ideas ?an a s+le "o w\ld sugge/4 ,"s ( ! mo/ /rik+ gr\ps are ^? ( ! l>g] c>nivora 9 combat1 b !y h>dly possess ! real value ( pa9/ak+ life /udies ( "s ( our m famili> k9dr$ ( ! wild4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,animal ,,anatomy4 ,a k ( ?is subject c\pl$ ) ! necess>y me*anical ability w enable _! possessor to take place 9 ! front ranks ( taxid]mi/s4 ,ev5 if we h b little opportunity to /udy ! anatomy ( "s ( ! r>] v>ieties ( animal =ms we c in=m ourselves ( c]ta9 typical features possess$ 9 common by o!r m common memb]s ( ! same great family or species4 ,press & cam]a supplies u ) mu* reliable in=mation on ! subject4 ,books on natural hi/ory1 travels & sports 7 nev] s complete1 int]e/+1 & )al1 s easy ( access z !y are n[adays4 ,a great help to ! naturali/ is a collection ( pictures su* z appe> f "t to "t 9 p]iodicals4 ,back numb]s ( magaz9es on outdoor life & sports w contribute quantities ( ^!1 mo/ ( !m reproduc$ f photographs & 9 a %ort "t a l>ge collection ( su* c be made4 ,pack+ ^! 9 ! pockets ( a lett] file w keep !m toge!r1 & at ! same "t make x possible to )draw any "o or m = inspection :5 want$4 ,photos ( dead animals are n p>ticul>ly valuable b ca/s always are2 make !m :5ev] opportunity (f]s4 ,n s mu* ca/s ( ! entire specim5 z ca/s ( v>i\s details4 ,get a set ( m\lds ( ! noses ( say de]1 moose1 dome/ic cattle & %eep & keep ! result+ ca/s = ref]5ce4 ,_! value w be app>5t :5 m\nt+ heads4 ,any sket*es1 h[ev] r\gh1 w also be ( use4 ,! circus & zoo w furni% fea/ days = ! /ud5t ( animal anatomy & p5cil & cam]a may be us$ freely at bo? ) ! assurance ( ! be/ ( treatm5t f (ficials & keep]s4 ,a visit to ! meat m>ket w af=d opportunity = /udy ( ! muscul> sy/em ( ! dome/ic animals4 ,! sculptor builds up 8 clay model unhamp]$ by fur1 fea!rs or bones & *isels out 8 /atu>y on a scale det]m9$ by himself :ile ! taxid]mi/ mu/ n only con/ruct 8 figures or manik9s 9 correct proportions1 b make !m fit a c]ta9 sk94 ,h5ce x behooves him ev5 m ?an ! sculptor to be well gr\nd$ 9 at lea/ ! ma9 pr9ciples ( ! anatomy ( animals4 ,birds 9 p>ticul> are a fruitful s\rce ( /udy1 muffl$ z !y are 9 fea!rs1 :5 /ripp$ pres5t+ a v diff]5t appe>ance4 ,to illu/rate ! value ( a k ( avian anatomy ,i w m5tion an incid5t occurr+ _m ye>s ago at a l>ge taxid]my e/abli%m5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wat] ,,f[l ,,head4 ,two ( ! frugal m9d$ workm5 hav+ sk9n$ a l>ge plump duck laid ! body m9us head1 feet1 & w+s aside to furni% a d9n] next day4 ,! port] reg>d+ same z 8 p]quisite ab/ract$ & hid x4 ,! fir/ own]s discov]+ x sub/itut$ ! body ( a l>ge horn$ owl !n 9 ! process ( m\nt+ & s made all conc]n$ happy4 ,! port] bragg+ l\dly next day ( ! f9e duck he _h done !m out (1 !y 7 able to conv9ce him ( ! tru? only by exhibit+ ! duck rema9s z a "p ( _! lun*4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,ca/+ ,,& ,,modell+4 ,"o ( ! lead+ au?orities 9 ?is c\ntry has aptly said1 ,! ideal taxid]mi/ mu/ be a comb9ation ( modell] & anatomi/1 naturali/1 c>p5t]1 blacksmi? & pa9t]4 ,he mu/ h ! eye ( an arti/ & ! back ( a hod c>ri]4 ,?is %\ld n dismay ! beg9n] = su* ca/+ & modell+ z w be indisp5sable are comp>atively simple4 ,9 ord] to ca/ we mu/ h molds & 9 our "w ^! are *iefly ( pla/]4 ,!y are divid$ into two classes kn[n z piece & wa/e molds4 ,z ! names indicate ! latt] is wa/$ or de/roy$ aft] mak+ "o copy :ile ! piece v>iety c be us$ = a numb] ( reproductions4 ,! piece mold is divid$ into sections 9 su* a way z w all[ its removal )\t injury to ei!r mold or ca/4 ,! wa/e mold is made f s(t or fle%y objects :i* c be drawn f x 9 spite ( projections kn[n z und]cuts4 ,z an illu/ration let u procure a ca/ ( a de]'s nose = ref]5ce 9 m\nt+ ! head lat]4 ,= our purpose we wi% a ca/ ( ! nose & lips1 s ) ! head 9 ! fle% at h&1 ! hair z f> back z ! corn] ( ! m\? is coat$ ) clay wat] to prev5t ! liquid pla/] f p5etrat+ & adh]+4 ,?is done ! head is propp$ up on ! table & a r\gh box arrang$ ar\nd x1 :i* w rea* ne>ly to ! m\? z ! head is plac$ ) nose upp]mo/4 ,p\r s& 9 ?is box until only z mu* ( ! nose projects z is desir$ to ca/4 ,n[ mix 9 a b[l or bas9 a suffici5t am\nt ( wat] & pla/] ( p>is to cov] ! surface ( ! de]'s nose ab\t #a_/d in* ?ick4 ,?is %\ld be ( ! consi/5cy ( cream & en\gh blu+ or lampblack %\ld be add$ to give x a decid$ t9t4 ,if ! sk9 ( ! lips & nose is dispos$ naturally ! pla/] may be ladl$ on ) ! spoon1 endeavor+ to get ab\t an ev5 coat+4 ,wa% any rema9+ bits f ! di% & mix say twice ! am\nt ( pla/] )\t color+4 ,di/ribute ?is ov] ! o!r & all[ to h>d51 :i* !y w d 9 ab\t #bj m9utes4 ,a little c>eful "w w )draw ?is mold f ! nose & x may ei!r be laid aside or us$ at once 9 mak+ ! ca/4 ,to d ?is bru% ! inside ) clay wat] & p\r x full ( pla/]4 ,%ake well to prev5t bubbles & :5 h>d5$ *isel away ! mold4 ,9 do+ ?is lay x on ! lap or a cu%ion & *ip (f ! mold4 ,:5 ! fir/ lay] 7! color$ "o7 appe>s "w ) caution to avoid m>r+ ! ca/4 ,if a wire loop 0 ins]t$ be=e ! pla/] h>d5$ ! ca/ may be hung on ! wall = future ref]5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?ree ,,piece ,,m\ld ,,( ,,head4 ,! prep>ation ( a piece mold is some:at diff]5t4 ,a mold c be made 9 two pieces ( a r\nd object l a ball & if ea* piece is exactly "o-half1 x w draw1 because !re is no po9t "u :i* ! pla/] w hold4 ,any holl[s or projections w =m "u cuts necessitat+ mak+ ! mold 9 a numb] ( pieces t x may relieve or be lift$ (f ! ca/4 ,molds ( heads f :i* to ca/ pap] =ms are (t5 want$ & are easily made4 ,) ! sk9n$ head ( a fox1 let u say1 on ! table1 ! l[] "p is emb$d$ 9 f9e s& or clay ab\t on a l9e ) ! m\?4 ,cov] half ( ! expos$ upp] "p ( ! head also ) clay4 ,p\r to ! dep? ( at lea/ #a_/b in* on ! rema9d]4 ,remove ! clay f ! o!r half ( ! face1 & aft] c\nt]s9k+ two or ?ree %all[ holes 9 ! edge ( t "p ( mold already made & coat+ t edge ) clay wat]1 p\r pla/] = ! second piece ( mold4 ,:5 ?is h>d5s pick up head f its b$d+ ( s& or clay & turn ov] s ! f9al piece ( model c be made4 ,always coat ! edges ) %ellac or clay wat] to prev5t adhesion & c\nt]s9k a few holes = d[els to aid 9 hold+ ! pieces 9 place4 ,dry out ?or\ghly & %ellac ! :ole int]ior & jo9+ edges4 ,if x is slightly oil$ be=e us+ a great numb] ( ca/s may be made f x4 ,?is w give u a complete ca/ ( a fox head ) clos$ m\?4 ,a %ort] me?od to obta9 molds ( ! upp] "p ( ! head & face = mak+ pap] half-head =ms1 is to imb$ 9 s& or clay z direct$ & /ick a piece ( /\t ?read or cord along ! c5tral l9es ( ! head & face4 ,a little clay w hold ?is 9 place & !re %\ld be a few in*es surplus at ea* end4 ,mix ! pla/] & cov] ! entire top & sides ( ! head ) x4 ,j z ! pla/] beg9s to h>d5 draw ! ?read upw>d ?r\gh ! /iff5+ pla/] cutt+ x 9 two p>ts :i* are easily remov$ :5 h>d4 ,:5 dry coat ) %ellac1 tie toge!r & !y are ready = use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mak+ ,,m\ld ,,= ,,half ,,head4 ,to ca/ half head =ms soak "s pap] & aft] coat+ "o side ) pa/e1 press into ! mold ) ! f+]s4 ,! fir/ lay] %\ld be q s(t s z to cr[d into all depressions4 ,ab\t six lay]s ( build+ pap] is ?ick en\gh = a fox head size4 ,:5 dry cut ! cords & deta* ! mold4 ,molds = de] head =ms are made 9 two pieces1 "o = ea* side ( ! head1 & are necess>ily n c>ri$ completely ar\nd ! antl]s4 ,?is gap is j fill$ 9 ! head =m by ! plate ( bone be>+ ! antl]s1 :i* is saw$ f ! skull4 ,! entire neck may be mold$ 9 connection ) ! head if desir$4 ,gelat9e & compositions ( glue & wax are us$ = molds :]e f9e def9ition is desirable1 & wax z well z pla/] & pap] = mak+ ca/s4 ,! gr\nd up pap] pulp is us$ = _m ca/s1 press+ x into mold ) f+]s & spatulas4 ,clay is ! /&-by ( ! taxid]mi/ modell]4 ,t furni%$ by art deal]s is be/1 b = common use pott]'s clay is all t is necess>y4 ,a little glue mix$ 9 pla/] delays its sett+ & makes x h>d] :5 dry4 ,good papi] ma*e is "o ( ! be/ mat]ials = mu* modell+ & wax = v f9e "w4 ,tools = ?is "w may be pur*as$ or home made ( wood1 bone or metal4 ,_m =ms ( fi%es & reptiles are difficult or impossible to m\nt by ord9>y me?ods4 ,on ^! ! ca/] & modell] may "w 8 w1 & if he also possesses a good eye = color ! results may be ( ! be/4 ,z an indisputable record ( anatomy ev5 a poor ca/ is valuable4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,m>ket ,,trophy ,,hunt+4 ,9 ?is c\ntry & day ( cons]vation ?is w\ld seem l a delicate subject to attack4 ,! hunt] = ! trophy m>ket a few ye>s back 0 slay+ elk1 m\nta9 %eep1 moose1 de]1 or antelope indiscrim9ately4 ,illu/ration3 ,,de] ,,foot ,,ink ,,well ,,& ,,p5 ,,rack4 ,:ile mod]n game laws h *ang$ or at lea/ modifi$ ?is ,i c see no reason :y a hunt] :o is entitl$ to a c]ta9 head ( game p] season %\ld n utilize !m fully by prep>ation & sale to o!rs :o h n simil> opportunities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nta9 ,,lion ,,or ,,puma ,,hide4 ,:at w\ld (t5 be left 9 ! woods z useless1 z inde$ x w\ld be = food purposes1 is trans=m$ into a beautiful & decorative article ( consid]able comm]cial value4 ,(t5 ?+s be+ equal ! trophy hunt] w avoid kill+ "y & female game animals on acc\nt ( ! wor?lessness ( _! heads z trophy if n = any e?ical reason4 ,:ile ! day ( trophy hunt+ z a bus9ess 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is pa/ probably1 by pres]v+ su* heads1 horns1 feet & sk9s z come 9 8 way ! trapp]1 prospector & settl] c (t5 add consid]ably to 8 income4 ,= in/ance1 f "o to five de] may be legally kill$ 9 diff]5t /ates4 ,if two good heads are tak51 wor? say #ae4jj & #bj4jj ea* :5 prep>$1 t sum w\ld g f> t[>ds pay+ ! exp5ses ( an enjoyable out+4 ,! fur trapp] w frequ5tly take "s animal ! sk9 ( :i* may = _m reasons be ( little value4 ,! puma or m\nta9 lion is su* a "o1 wor? b #b4jj or #c4jj usually1 ! m\nt$ head is a /rik+ wall ornam5t & ! sk9 is suitable = c\* or floor4 ,?\gh fur deal]s w make "s d$uction f ! regul> prices on sk9s f :i* ! heads are remov$1 x is va/ly m pr(itable to reta9 !m & pres]ve z trophies4 ,horns & antl]s & head sk9s or scalps ( all our l>ge game h a c]ta9 value ei!r sep>ately or toge!r4 ,m\nt$ heads1 damag$ by mo? create a dem& = extra scalps & sep>ate antl]s are (t5 call$ =4 ,extra l>ge heads or antl]s ( freaki% =mation seem to possess a special fasc9ation = ! public4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spr+ ,,lamb8 ,,coon ,,head4 ,comm]cial fi%]m5 h&l+ fi% 9 l>ge numb]s w\ld d well to pres]ve at lea/ a few ( ! m notable specim5s ( _! cat*4 ,9 "s localities !re is e summ] an opportunity to supply ru/icators ) rattlesnake sk9s :i* may be prep>$ = wall decorations or use z belts1 hat b&s1 c>d-cases1 & neck ties4 ,!y %\ld be pack$ 9 salt until tann$ z dry+ out :ile 9 ! raw /ate is apt to spoil !m4 ,on acc\nt ( ! snake's habit ( %$d+ its sk9 at v>y+ int]vals1 dress+ snake sk9s is r ( ! nature ( a lott]y4 ,! dress$ sk9s %\ld be made up ) a back+ ( "s o!r lea!r z x is apt to possess b little /r5g? ( itself4 ,9 localities :]e ! t>pon1 tuna1 muscallonge1 & o!r l>ge fi% are caught x is well to keep "s good specim5s on h& z su* are (t5 9 dem& to sub/antiate a fi% /ory4 ,9 a ^w1 ga!r & pres]ve "s ( ! be/ objects ( animat$ nature y\r locality af=ds1 :e!r fur1 f9 or fea!r4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,collect+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,,= ,,sale4 ,comm]cial taxid]my is r\ghly divid$ 9 two bran*es1 cu/om "w1 & collect+ & m\nt+ = sale4 ,= ! fir/ y ne$ "s fix$ place ( bus9ess easy ( access to ! public & conv5i5t to l9es ( transportation4 ,! latt] may be tak5 up any:]e if a dem& has be5 not$ & a m>ket assur$ or 9 prospect4 ,travel]s 9 little kn[n p>ts ( ! c\ntry (t5 pay _! exp5ses or ev5 ga9 consid]able pr(it by collect+ desirable specim5s ( animal life4 ,z a side l9e on pleasure trips x is sometimes remun]ative4 ,woodsm5 & fi%]m5 w (t5 f9d x to pay bett] to pres]ve = m\nt+ "p ( _! game at lea/4 ,! sales end ( ! proposition is ! mo/ difficult = ! outdoor man4 ,su* "w has n ! fix$ 787 value ( furs & meat4 ,!re are a numb] ( deal]s 9 naturali/s' mat]ial :o aim to keep on h& a pretty complete /ock ( specim5s = museum purposes4 ,correspond5ce ) ^! w procure _! want li/s4 ,_m m deal 9 unm\nt$ trophies ( heads1 horns & rug sk9s4 ,occasionally an ord] = small & common species may be secur$ f "s s*ool or college4 ,su* in/itutions w (t5 place an ord] = desirable mat]ial ) a prospective travel]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookcase ,,ornam5ts--,,cr[2 ,,alligator 7,fi%]man f ! ,ev]glades72 ,,owl4 ,f9ally x is well to m\nt a good specim5 or two ( almo/ any v>iety on g5]al pr9ciples4 ,x is a/oni%+ h[ difficult x is to procure "s v common species on ! spur ( ! mom5t4 ,if y accumulate a numb] ( nicely done & attractive specim5s x is possible to secure _! sale on commission4 ,z su* ?+s are apt to draw att5tion z a w9d[ or wall display "s druggi/1 sport+ goods deal] or o!r bus9ess man may be glad to aid 9 _! disposal4 ,9 or ne> a game c\ntry ! local hotels w help adv]tise y by giv+ wall space 9 d9+ room or (fice to suitable pieces accompani$ by a bus9ess c>d4 ,donations to libr>ies1 s*ools & o!r public & semi-public in/itutions w keep y m or less 9 ! public m9d4 ,endeavor to fill any ord]s y receive ev5 if oblig$ to pur*ase at su* rates t no pr(it rema9s4 ,d n dim9i% ! animal life ( y\r locality by collect+ ev]y?+ y c lay y\r h&s on4 ,x w\ld be "t missp5t & mo/ly unrew>d$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,prices ,,= ,,"w4 ,to ^? :o hope to co9 sp>e h\rs into doll>s & c5ts1 or o!rs :o mu/ make a hobby pay its own exp5ses at lea/1 an important "q is1 :at is my "w wor?8 ,& "o w conc$e t a taxid]mi/ %\ld receive at lea/ z mu* z a skill$ me*anic & ! exp]ts bo? 9 comm]cial & museum "w are sometimes 7n always7 highly paid4 ,:at seems ! faire/ me?od ( comp5sation is by piece "w & mo/ cu/om taxid]my is h&l$ on t basis4 ,mo/ pr(essionals h a regul> scale ( prices :i*1 :ile necess>ily m or less ela/ic1 w give ! public an e/imate ( co/4 ,! s*$ule :i* ,i give is1 ,i ?9k1 ab\t t 9 use 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates4 ,! outside prices are = extra l>ge specim5s or ^? mi%&l$ or injur$ s z to require an extra exp5diture ( "t to give satisfaction4 ,,prices ,,= ,,m\nt+ ,,specim5s4 ,,birds4 ,small ,wr5s1 ,can>y1 #a4jj to #a4ej ,rob9s1 ,jays1 & simil>1 #b4jj to #b4ej ,m$ium ,quail1 ,snipe1 ,dove1 ,woodcock1 #b4ej to #c4jj ,l>ge ,cr[1 ,gr\se1 ,duck1 #c4jj to #d4jj ,l>g] ,horn$ ,owls1 ,fi% ,hawk1 etc41 #d4ej to #e4jj ,eagle1 ,turkey1 ,pea ,f[l1 #aj4jj to #ae4jj ,birds ) spread w+s add #be p] c5t4 ,,mak+ ,,bird ,,sk9s4 ,small up to size ( ,sp>r[1 4#bj ,rob91 ,jay1 etc41 4#be ,pigeon1 ,hawk1 & simil>1 4#ce ,scree* ,owl1 ,gre5 ,h]on1 4#ej ,cr[1 ,teal1 4#ge ,l>ge ,hawks1 ,ducks1 #a4jj ,h]r+ ,gull1 ,eid] ,duck1 #a4be ,great ,horn$ ,owl1 ,fi% ,hawk1 #a4ej ,eagle1 ,goose1 ,swan1 #b4ej ,,:ole ,,animals4 ,m\se1 ,mole1 ,*ipmunk1 #a4ej to #b4jj ,squirrels1 ,weasels1 #b4jj to #c4jj ,m9k1 ,muskrat1 ,opossum1 ,rabbit1 #c4jj to #d4jj ,skunk1 ,wood*uck1 #d4jj to #e4jj ,coon1 ,fox1 ,wildcat1 #f4jj to #aj4jj ,dogs1 #aj4jj to #ce4jj ,dome/ic ,%eep1 #be4jj to #dj4jj ,be>1 ,m\nta9 ,lion1 #bj4jj to #ge4jj ,de]1 ,antelope1 #cj4jj to #ge4jj ,price on :ole m\nt$ specim5s include ru/ic /&s1 /umps1 or rock "w4 ,,heads4 ,elk1 ,moose1 ,/e]1 #bj4jj to #dj4jj ,c>ib\1 ,m\nta9 ,%eep1 #ae4jj to #be4jj ,de] 7buck71 ,antelope1 #g4ej to #ab4jj ,de] 7small71 common %eep1 #e4jj to #aj4jj ,be>s1 #g4ej to #ae4jj ,wolf1 #e4jj to #g4ej ,fox1 ,wildcat1 ,raccoon1 etc41 #d4jj to #f4jj ,hawks1 ,owls1 ,eagles1 #b4jj to #c4jj ,fi%1 #b4jj to #e4jj ,suitable %ields or panels are includ$4 ,,fi%1 ,,reptiles1 ,,etc4 ,small fi%1 #b4jj to #e4jj ,m$ium1 ,bass1 etc41 #e4jj to #aj4jj ,l>ge1 ,t>pon1 ,salmon1 #aj4jj to #be4jj ,snakes1 z to size1 #e4jj to #be4jj ,alligators1 #a4ej to #be4jj ,,m\nt+ ,,horns1 ,,includ+ ,,%ields4 ,de]1 #b4ej to #e4jj ,african ,horns1 #b4ej to #aj4jj ,c[1 ,/e]1 #b4ej to #e4jj ,c>ib\1 #c4ej to #g4jj ,moose1 ,elk1 #e4jj to #aj4jj ,,sk9s4 ,fir/ column %[s co/ ( tann+ only2 second ( tann+1 m\nt+ #a_/b head & l9+ z rug2 ?ird ( complete rug ) op5 m\?4 ,black ,be>1 #d4jj #aj4jj #ae4jj ,m\nta9 ,lion1 ,jagu>1 #c4jj #aj4jj #ae4jj ,tig]1 #e4jj #ae4jj #bj4jj ,wolf1 #b4jj #h4jj #ab4jj ,coyote1 ,lynx1 #a4ej #g4ej #aj4jj ,fox1 ,wild ,cat1 ,coon1 ,h\se ,cat #a4jj #e4jj #f4jj ,%eep1 #a4ej 4444 4444 ,goat1 #a4ej #h4jj 4444 ,de]1 #b4ej #aj4jj 4444 ,opossum1 ,muskrat1 4#ej 4444 4444 ,m9k1 4#ge 4444 4444 ,snake1 #a4jj & up ,alligator1 #b4jj & up ,,novelties4 ,de] ,feet1 ea*1 #b4jj to #c4jj ,moose & ,elk ,feet1 #c4jj to #d4jj ,includ+ fitt+s4 ,,robes4 ,accord+ to size & v>iety ( sk9s f #ae4jj to #be4jj includ+ tann+1 sew+ up & l9+s4 ,! small] sk9s ( c\rse require ! mo/ "w4 ,dome/icat$ animals1 dogs1 cats1 cage birds1 etc41 are m\nt$ at ! rates = simil> siz$ wild specim5s4 ,inasmu* z !y are ( value only = associations mo/ taxid]mi/s require a small advance paym5t on pet animals be=e comm5c+ "w2 o!r "w is usually ,c4 ,o4 ,d4 ,a disc\nt ( #aj to #bj p] c5t is (t5 made = l>ge quantity or to ^? 9 ! fur trade :o may be s induc$ to secure ord]s4 ,x w\ld pay = at lea/ "o p]son 9 e furri]s %op to h a k ( taxid]my & a connection ) "s deal] 9 sportsm5's goods is (t5 ( advantage4 ,mu* ( ?is matt] ( prices mu/ be left to y\r own judgm5t4 ,(t5 a fair pr(it c be made on "w tak5 at a l[ figure dur+ ! (f season4 ,p]i%able "w dem&+ in/ant att5tion %\ld receive ! be/ pay & pieces :i* may be pick$ up 9 odd mom5ts1 ?us us+ "t o!rwise valueless1 may be figur$ ne> ! foot ( ! scale4 ,! public appreciates "w ?or\ghly done & x is ! v be/ adv]tisem5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fur-,,fi%-,,game ,a ,practical ,mon?ly ,magaz9e = ,outdoorsm5 ,devot$ to ,hunt+1 ,trapp+1 ,fi%+1 ,fur ,f>m+1 ,etc4 ,,fur-,,fi%-,,game ,,is j ! magaz9e y h be5 look+ =4 ,x is edit$ by none o!r ?an ,a4 ,v4 ,h>d+1 ^: "n is a byword 9 ! sport+ field4 ,ea* mon?ly issue conta9s #fd to #ajj pages *ock-full ( int]e/+ articles1 illu/rat$ ) actual photos on ,,fur ,,f>m+1 ,,hunt+1 ,,fi%+1 etc4 ,ea* issue also has _m dep>tm5ts--,! ,gun ,rack2 ,dogs2 ,fur ,rais+2 ,roots & ,h]bs2 ,fi% & ,tackle2 ,fur ,m>kets2 ,fur ,prices2 ,trapl9e2 ,travel2 & ,"q ,box4 ,dep>tm5ts are edit$ by well-kn[n m5 su* z ,rob]t ,page ,l9coln1 ,b5 ,c4 ,rob9son1 ,e4 ,j4 ,dailey & ,maurice ,h4 ,deck]4 ,illu/ration3 ,cov]s actual photos reproduc$ 9 actual colors4 ,new ,r$uc$ ,price #a4ej a ye>2 #ae;c a copy ,buy a copy on ! news /& or s5d ,,today = our ,,special ,,get ,,acqua9t$ ,,(f] #c ,rec5t ,copies & #c ,curr5t ,copies #ej;c ,or ,s+le ,copy #aj;c ,good only if y m5tion book 9 :i* y saw ?is (f]4 ,s5d "n & address ) prop] remittance ei!r ca%1 /amps or money ord] to-- ,,fur-,,fi%-,,game 7,h>d+'s ,magaz9e7 #agd ,e4 ,long ,/reet ,columbus1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,home ,manufacture ( ,furs & ,sk9s ,a book ( practical in/ructions tell+ h[ to tan1 dress1 color & manufacture or make into articles ( ornam5t2 use or we>4 ,! au?or1 :o has be5 9 close t\* ) trapp]s1 hunt]s & o!r outdoor p = m ?an tw5ty ye>s z a practical tann]1 furri] & taxid]mi/ 9 ! introduction says3 ,probably "o ( ! olde/ human indu/ries is ,home ,dress+ & ,manufactur+ ( ,furs & ,sk9s1 z ?is me?od ( clo?+ ! body has p]si/$ f ! e>ly days 7ev5 back to ! /one age7 to ! pres5t "t4 ,z a happy comb9ation ( dress & ornam5t furs w always cont9ue to lead4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! manufacture ( furs has be5 highly develop$1 ) ! aid ( ma*9]y & specializ$ workm5 x is conduct$ on a scale :i* comp>es favorably ) any bus9ess activity4 ,h[ev]1 ! pr9cipals rema9 ! same1 & good results c /ill be atta9$ by h& labor4 ,to ! av]age outdoor man x is a positive pleasure to see ! /iff1 dirty1 raw sk9 develop into ! s(t1 clean1 flexible mat]ial1 & lat] to %ape x into a protection f ! cold & an ornam5t comb9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,home ,manufacture ( ,furs & ,sk9s ,?is new1 practical & only book on ! subject conta9s #bhe pages1 #ia illu/rations1 #cd *apt]s1 & (f]s at a small co/ a way = y to le>n a pleasant & pr(itable bus9ess enabl+ y to tan1 dye1 dress & manufacture n only y\r own cat* b to engage 9 ! bus9ess if y wi%4 ,read ! *apt] head+s1 :i* w %[ y h[ complete ! book is3 ,i4 ,"s ,facts & ,g5]al ,pr9ciples = ,fur & ,sk9 ,work]s4 ,,ii4 ,correct ,modes ( ,sk9n+ ,fur ,animals4 ,,iii4 ,/ret*+ & ,cur+4 ,,iv4 ,h&l+ ,o!r ,sk9s & ,hides4 ,v4 ,/or+ & ,%ipp+ ,raw ,furs4 ,,vi4 ,indian ,sk9 ,dress+4 ,,vii4 ,indian ,fur ,robes4 ,,viii4 ,tools & ,appliances4 ,,ix4 ,tann+ ,mat]ials & ,t]ms4 ,x4 ,tann+ ,=mulas & ,recipes4 ,,xi4 ,prelim9>y ,"w1 ,soak+1 ,fle%+1 ,degreas+4 ,,xii4 ,s(t5+1 ,clean+ ,sk9s4 ,,xiii4 ,small or ,light ,furs4 ,,xiv4 ,heavy ,furs4 ,,xv4 ,de] ,sk9s1 ,bucksk94 ,,xvi4 ,%eep & ,goat ,sk9s4 ,,xvii4 ,miscellane\s ,sk9s1 ,gator1 ,snake1 ,birds4 ,,xviii4 ,fur ,dye+1 ,uses & ,pr9ciples4 ,,xix4 ,dye+ ,mat]ial & ,appliances4 ,,xx4 ,colors & ,=mulas4 ,,xxi4 ,furri]s' ,tools & ,supplies4 ,,xxii4 ,mak+ ,up ,furs & ,g>m5ts4 ,,xxiii4 ,fur ,robes4 ,,xxiv4 ,fur ,rugs1 ,) & ,)\t ,m\nt$ ,heads4 ,,xxv4 ,trimm+s & ,natural ,heads & ,tails4 ,,xxvi4 ,coll>s1 ,cuffs & ,odd ,pieces4 ,,xxvii4 ,coats & ,capes4 ,,xxviii4 ,caps1 ,mitt5s1 ,gloves4 ,,xxix4 ,muffs & ,neckpieces4 ,,xxx4 ,moccas9s & ,pacs4 ,,xxxi4 ,utiliz+ ,fur ,wa/e4 ,,xxxii4 ,clean+1 ,repair+ & ,/or+4 ,,xxxiii4 ,prices = ,tann+ & ,o!r ,fur ,"w4 ,,xxxiv4 ,app5dix4 ,if y l to h&le furs1 sk9s & hides ,,home ,,manufacture ,,( ,,furs ,,& ,,sk9s w %[ y h[ to make m money out ( y\r cat* or buy by tann+1 dye+ & manufactur+ into articles = :i* !re is usually a ready m>ket at prices mu* high] ?an ! raw sk9s w br+4 ,?is book l o!rs on hunt+1 trapp+1 etc41 t ,i publi% is practical & writt5 s t x is easily und]/ood4 ,price1 po/paid1 clo? b\nd1 to any address1 #a4ej ,a4 ,r4 ,,h>d+4 ,pub41 ,columbus1 ,o4