,illu/ration3 ,seal ( ,sir ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,beau*amp1 ,k4,g41 ,fif? ,e>l ( ,,w>wick3 di$ ,a4,d4 #adci4 ,no4 #ddh4 --,see pages #bjh1 #cba4 ,illu/ration3 ,seal ( ,sir ,,?omas ,,de ,,beau*amp1 ,k4,g41 ,?ird ,e>l ( ,,w>wick3 di$ ,a4,d4 #acfi4 ,date ( ! ,seal1 #acdd4 ,no4 #ddf4 --,see ,no4 #ddg1 page #cbj1 also see page #cba4 ,to describe 444 emblazon$ ,%ields4 --,,milton ,,! ,,h&book ,,to ,,engli% ,,h]aldry by ,,*>les ,,b\tell1 ,m4,a4 ,au?or ( ,! ,monum5tal ,brasses ( ,engl&1 ,editor & ,"p ,au?or ( ,arms & ,arm\r 9 ,antiquity & ,! ,middle ,ages1 etc4 ) ,,ne>ly ,,five ,,hundr$ ,,illu/rations ,drawn & ,engrav$ on ,wood by ,mr4 ,r4 ,b4 ,,utt+ & ,o!rs ,,elev5? ,,edition ,?or\ghly ,revis$ ) an ,additional ,*apt] by ,a4 ,c4 ,,fox-,,davies ( ,l9coln's ,inn ,b>ri/]-,at-,law ,illu/ration3 ,,royal ,,arms 7#acdj-adje7 ,,london3 ,,reeves ,,turn] #aiad ,pr9t$ by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,co4 at ! ,ballantyne ,press1 ,ed9burgh ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,elev5? ,,edition ,?is /&>d "w ( ref]5ce has be5 revis$ ?r\gh\t1 & enl>g$ by ! addition ( an extra *apt] on ,pe]age ,dignities4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,fox-,,davies4 ,,l9coln',s ,,inn1 ,novemb] #aiac4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,t5? ,,edition ,9 ! revision ( ?is well-kn[n "w ,i h held my h&1 r ?an ! contr>y1 try+ to be> always 9 m9d t x 0 ! h&-book ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,b\tell & n a production ( my own4 ,my alt]ations h be5 conc]n$ *iefly 9 br++ ! volume up to date1 a necessity impos$ by ! creation ( new ord]s ( knigh?ood1 & *ange ( ,sov]eign4 ,i h c]ta9ly omitt$ a few rem>ks :i* ,i h ?\ght might be ! cause ( lead+ /ud5ts ( ! sci5ce a/ray3 ,i h alt]$ ambigu\s word+ to emphasise ! real1 & ,i h no d\bt ! orig9ally int5d$ mean+4 ,b 9 _m po9ts :i*1 be+ d$uctions1 are naturally matt]s ( op9ion1 ,i h left h]e9 v>i\s expressions ( ,mr4 ,b\tell's op9ion1 ) :i* ,i c h>dly say ,i p]sonally altoge!r agree or w\ld myself put =w>d4 ,i hold t x is no "p ( an editor's duty to air 8 own op9ions "u ! protection or repute ( ano!r's "n1 & h]e9 ,i h ins]t$ no?+ = :i* my own op9ion is ! only au?ority4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,fox-,,davies4 ,,l9coln',s ,,inn1 ,june #aijh4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4--,/4 ,edw>d4 ,no4 #a4--,/4 ,george4 ,no4 #c4--,/4 ,edmund4 ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,?is ,volume1 specially prep>$ = ! use ( /ud5ts at an e>ly p]iod ( _! /udy ( ,engli% ,h]aldry1 comm5ds itself also to ^? inquir]s :o may desire to obta9 "s g5]al in=mation on ! same subject1 )\t hav+ any int5tion to devote to ,h]aldry mu* ei!r ( _! "t or ( _! s]i\s reg>d4 ,! success1 no less extraord9>y ?an gratify+1 ( my l>g] "w on ,h]aldry1 l$ me to hope t a n less fav\rable reception might be ext5d$ to a simpl] & mu* %ort] essay1 m decid$ly elem5t>y 9 its aim & "*1 & yet z f> z possible )9 its limits complete4 ,su* a treatise ,i h endeav\r$ to produce 9 ?is ,volume4 ,insep>ably associat$ ) ! ,hi/ory ( our ,c\ntry1 & m p>ticul>ly :5 our national ,hi/ory becomes ! ,biography ( em95t ,engli%m51 ,engli% ,h]aldry has ! /ronge/ claims ^u ! att5tion n only ( all ,hi/orians1 b also ( all :o desire to become famili> ) _! writ+s4 ,9 l mann]1 ,h]aldry may be /udi$ ) no less ( advantage ?an ( satisfaction by all ,arti/s1 :e!r ,ar*itects1 ,sculptors1 ,pa9t]s1 or ,engrav]s4 ,nor is x too mu* to ass]t t "s k ( ,h]aldry1 9 consequ5ce ( its s+ul> & compreh5sive utility1 ought to be e/imat$ z a necess>y elem5t ( a lib]al education4 ,9 confirmation ( my own views1 ,i am tempt$ to quote ! foll[+ passage f ,m4 ,,g\rdon ,,de ,,g5\illac',s introduction to 8 excell5t ,grammaire ,hraldique1 publi%$ at ,p>is3-- ,le blason1 says ,m4 de ,g5\illac1 e/ une langue qui s'e/ cons]ve dans sa puret primitive depuis les sicles1 langue dont la connaissance1 e/ indisp5sable aux familles nobles1 qui y tr\v5t un signe d'alliance ou de reconnaissance1 aux numismates1 aux antiquaires1 aux ar*ologues1 enf9 t\s les arti/es1 g5s de lettres1 c42 cep5dant cette langue e/ presque inconnue1 et la plup>t des p]sonnes qui poss$5t le droit de port] des armoiries s]ai5t =t en pe9e de les expliqu] selon les t]mes te*niques6 ,h]aldry1 inde$1 ,i believe to be a /udy wor?y to be univ]sally reg>d$ ) affectionate respect1 z x c]ta9ly is em95tly qualifi$ to inspire su* a s5tim5t 9 e class ( /ud5t4 ,9 ?is _s ,i h "h treat$ ! elem5ts ( ! ,h]aldry ( ,engl&1 confid5t t1 ( ^? :o may accompany me z f> z ,i %all lead !m1 v _m w n be cont5t to /op :]e ,i %all take leave ( !m4 ,?us mu* ,i promise my companions--,i w be to !m a fai?ful guide4 ,!y may tru/ to my accuracy4 ,i h made no /atem5t1 h adduc$ no example1 nor h ,i exhibit$ any illu/ration1 except ^u au?ority4 ,i myself l & admire :at is real & true 9 ,h]aldry2 & x is by ! attractiv5ess ( tru? & reality t ,i desire to w9 = ,h]aldry fre% fri5ds1 & to secure = x firm fri5d%ips4 ,x w be und]/ood t f ! au?ority1 ! practice1 & ! associations ( ! e>ly ,h]aldry ( ! be/ & mo/ arti/ic eras1 ,i seek to d]ive a ,h]aldry :i* we may rightly consid] to be our own1 & :i* we may transmit ) hon\r to our successors4 ,i d n sugge/ ! adoption1 = pres5t use1 ( an obsolete sy/em4 ,b1 :ile ,i e>ne/ly repudiate ! acceptance & ! ma9t5ance among/ ourselves ( a mo/ deg5]ate sub/itute = a noble ,sci5ce1 ,i d aspire to aid 9 re/or+ ,,h]aldry to its becom+ rank1 & consequ5tly to its e>ly popul>ity1 n[ 9 our own times4 ,?is is to revive ! f9e old ,h]aldry ( ! pa/1 to give to x a fre% animation1 & to apply x "u exi/+ conditions to exi/+ uses & requirem5ts3 n1 to adju/ ourselves to ! circum/ances ( its fir/ developm5t1 & to reproduce z copyi/s its orig9al expressions4 ,x is n by any means a necess>y condition ( a consi/5t revival ( e>ly ,h]aldry1 t our reviv$ ,h]aldry %\ld admit no deviation f orig9al usage or prec$5t4 ,s long z we are ?or\ghly animat$ by ! _s ( ! e>ly ,h]alds1 we may lead our ,h]aldry onw>ds ) ! advance ( "t4 ,x is = u1 inde$1 to prep>e a ,h]aldry = ! future1 no less ?an to revive true ,h]aldry 9 ! "t n[ pres5t4 ,we may rightly modify1 !re=e1 & adapt _m ?+s1 9 ord] to e/abli% a true con=mity betwe5 our ,h]aldry & ! circum/ances ( our own era3 = example1 ) advantage z well z propriety we may1 9 a great measure1 sub/itute ,badges = ,cre/s2 & we %all d well to adopt a /yle ( draw+ :i* w be p]fectly h]aldic1 )\t be+ positively unnatural4 ,! great] numb] ( my ,illu/rations h be5 engrav$ only 9 outl9e1 ) ! tw(old object ( my be+ ?us enabl$ to increase ! numb] ( ! examples1 & to adapt ! engrav+s !mselves to ! reception ( col\r4 ,x w be v desirable = /ud5ts to blazon ! illu/rations1 or ! majority ( !m1 9 _! prop] t9ctures3 & ^? :o are ?or\ghly 9 e>ne/ w n fail to =m _! own collections ( additional examples1 :i*1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 !y w seek to obta9 f orig9al au?orities4 ,) ! exception ( a few examples1 my ,illu/rations1 consid]ably ov] #djj1 h all be5 execut$ expressly = ?is "w2 & !y all h be5 engrav$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,b4 ,,utt+4 ,! *ief exceptions are ?irte5 admirable woodcuts ( ,scotti% ,seals1 all ( !m good illu/rations ( ,h]aldry s\? ( ! ,twe$1 orig9ally engrav$ = ,la+'s noble qu>to ^u ,! ,anci5t ,seals ( ,scotl&1 publi%$ 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,scotti% ,h]aldry1 ,i mu/ add1 z 9 any p>ticul>s ( law & practice x may diff] f our ,h]aldry on ?is side ( ! ,twe$1 ,i h left 9 ! able h&s ( ! ,h]alds ( ! ,nor?3 at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ! ,h]aldry ( :i* ,i h be5 treat+ has s mu* t is equally at home on ei!r side ( ! ,bord]1 t ,i h nev] hesitat$ to look = my examples & au?orities to bo? ! fair realms :i* n[ =m "o ,great ,brita94 ,c4 ,b4 ,signature ,,cont5ts ,page ,,preface ,,to ,,pres5t ,,edition vii ,,au?or',s ,,preface ix ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations xix ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory-- ,e>ly ,popul>ity ( ,h]aldry 9 ,engl&-- ,orig9 ( ,engli% ,h]aldry2 ,def9ition2 ,*>act]i/ics2 ,developm5t2 ,e>ly ,uses2 ,n connect$ ) ,e>li] ,sy/ems-- ,anci5t ,h]aldry-- ,pa/ & ,pres5t ,treatm5t ( ! ,subject #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,h]aldic ,,au?orities-- ,seals2 ,monum5tal ,effigies1 c42 ,rolls ( ,arms1 ,(ficial ,h]aldic ,records1 c4-- ,e>lie/ ,h]aldic ,%ields & ,bann]s-- ,allusive ,quality ( ,e>ly ,armory-- ,attribut$ ,arms #aj ,,*apt] ,,iii ,! ,engli% ,h]aldry t is n[ 9 exi/5ce-- ,fir/ ,debasem5t ( ,h]aldry-- ,lat] ,debasem5t-- ,revival ( ,engli% ,h]aldry-- ,h]aldic ,art #bj ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry3 ,section ,i4-- ,language-- ,nom5clature-- ,/yle & ,=ms ( ,expression-- ,blazon-- ,! ,%ield3 its ,p>ts1 ,po9ts1 ,divisions1 ,divid+ ,l9es1 ,v>ieties ( ,=m1 & ,h]aldic ,treatm5t #bi ,,*apt] ,v ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry3 ,section ,,ii4-- ,t9ctures3 ,metals1 ,col\rs1 ,furs-- ,v>i$ ,fields-- ,law ( ,t9ctures-- ,c\nt]-*ang+-- ,diap]-- ,disposition-- ,blazon+-- ,emblazon+ 9 ,t9ctures #dj ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry3 ,section ,,iii4-- ,! ,ord9>ies3-- ,*ief3 ,fesse3 ,b>3 ,pale3 ,cross2 its ,h]aldic ,v>ieties3 ,b5d3 ,saltire3 ,*evron3 & ,pile #di ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry3 ,section ,,iv4-- ,! ,subord9>ies3-- ,canton or ,qu>t]3 ,inescut*eon3 ,oile3 ,tressure3 ,bordure3 ,flan*es3 ,loz5ge1 ,mascle1 ,ru/re3 ,fusil3 ,billet3 ,gyron3 ,frette-- ,! ,r\ndles #fd ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry3 ,section ,v4-- ,miscellane\s ,*>ges3-- ,human ,be+s3 ,animals3 ,birds3 ,fi%3 ,reptiles & ,insects3 ,imag9>y ,be+s3 ,natural ,objects3 ,v>i\s ,artificial ,figures & ,devices-- ,appropriate ,descriptive ,epi!ts #gc ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry3 ,section ,,vi4-- ,! ,lion & ! ,eagle 9 ,h]aldry #hc ,,*apt] ,x ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry3 ,section ,,vii4-- ,gloss>y ( ,titles1 ,names1 & ,t]ms #ajj ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,m>%all+3-- ,aggr\pm5t3 ,comb9ation3 ,qu>t]+3 ,dimidiation3 ,impalem5t3 ,escut*eon ( ,pret5ce3 ,m>%all+ ! ,arms ( ,wid[]s1 ,wid[s1 & o!rs3 ,(ficial ,arms2 & ! ,accessories ( ,%ields #aeh ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,cad5cy3-- ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy are tempor>y1 or p]man5t3 ! ,label3 ! ,bordure3 ! ,b5dlet1 ,b>rulet1 & ,canton3 ,*ange ( ,t9cture3 ,second>y ,*>ges3 ,s+le ,small ,*>ges3 ,diff]5ces ( ,illegitimacy3 ,cad5cy ( ,cre/s1 ,badges1 c43 ,mod]n ,cad5cy #agf ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,diff]5c+3-- ,diff]5c+ to d5ote ,feudal ,alliance or ,dep5d5cy3 ,diff]5c+ )\t any ,alliance-- ,augm5tation-- ,abatem5t #aid ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,cre/s #bji ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,badges #bbj ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,support]s #bcg ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,flags3-- ,! ,p5non3 ! ,bann]3 ! ,/&>d3 ! ,royal ,/&>d3 ! ,union ,jack3 ,ensigns3 ,milit>y ,/&>ds & ,col\rs3 ,blazon+3 ,hoi/+ & ,display+ ,flags #bdf ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,royal ,,h]aldry ,,( ,,engl& ,,& ,,scotl&3-- ,%ields ( ,arms ( ! ,reign+ ,sov]eigns ( ,engl&1 ( ,scotl&1 ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&3 ,cre/s3 ,support]s3 ,mottoes3 ,cr[ns3 ,bann]s3 ,armorial ,insignia ( ! late ,pr9ce ,consort2 ( ! ,pr9ce & ,pr9cess ( ,wales2 ( ! o!r ,pr9ces & ,pr9cesses #beh ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,ord]s ,,( ,,knigh?ood ,,& ,,insignia ,,( ,,hon\r3-- ,feudal ,knigh?ood-- ,ord]s ( ,knigh?ood3 ,knights ( ,/4 ,john3 ,knights ,templ>s3 ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]2 ( ! ,?i/le2 ( ,/4 ,patrick2 ( ! ,ba?2 ( ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,george2 ( ! ,/> ( ,india-- ,! ,ord] ( ,m]it-- ,! ,royal ,victorian ,ord]-- ,! ,imp]ial ,s]vice ,ord]-- ,! ,victoria ,cross-- ,! ,alb]t ,m$al-- ,naval & ,milit>y ,m$als-- ,=eign ,insignia be/[$ on ,briti% ,subjects #bgc ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,prec$5ce ,,g5ealogies #bie ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,! ,,college ,,( ,,arms-- ,! ,,lyon ,,(fice ( ,scotl&-- ,grants ( ,arms-- ,tax on ,armorial ,be>+s1 & on ,arms ,f\nd #cjd ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,miscellane\s3-- ,co9s-- ,seals-- ,h]aldry 9 ,ar*itecture1 9 ,monum5ts1 9 ,illum9ations1 9 ,encau/ic ,tiles-- ,h]aldic ,p]sonal ,ornam5ts1 & v>i\s ,h]aldic ,decorations-- ,conclusion #caf ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,pe]age ,,dignities3-- ,! ,dignity ( ,e>l-- ,( ,b>on-- ,! ,p>liam5t ( #abie-- ,l&$ ,qualifications-- ,creation ( ! ,title ,duke ( ,cornwall-- ,! ,title ( ,m>quis-- ,! ,premi] ,b>on ( ,engl&-- ,! ,pe]age ( ,scotl&-- ,scotti% ,rema9d]s-- ,daught] ,inh]its 9 h] own ,"r-- ,det]m9ation ( an ,abeyance-- ,! ,"r to ,create ,pe]s ( ,irel&-- ,rights & ,privileges ( a ,pe]ess-- ,! ,daught]s ( ,pe]s-- ,anomalies ( ! ,engli% ,scale ( ,prec$5ce #cbg ,,g5]al ,,index #cce ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,no4 ,,page #a4 ,arms ( ,/4 ,george #b4 ,arms ( ,/4 ,edw>d ix #c4 ,arms ( ,/4 ,edmund #d4 ,arms ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 ( ,abbots=d #a #e4 ,lance ,flag1 ,bayeux ,tape/ry #f #f4 ,lance ,flag1 ,bayeux ,tape/ry #f #g4 ,anci5t ,%ield1 f a ,greek ,vase #h #h4 ,anci5t ,%ield1 f a ,greek ,vase #h #i4 ,anci5t ,%ield1 f a ,greek ,vase #h #aj4 ,anci5t ,%ield1 f a ,greek ,vase #h #aa4 ,seal ( ,walt] ,innes #aa #ab4 ,seal ( ,william ,innes #aa #ac4 ,bann] ( ,templ>s #ad #ad4 ,bann] ( ,leice/] #ad #ae4 ,%ield ( ,brittany #ad #af4 ,%ield ( ,waldegrave #ad #ag4 ,%ield ( ,fitz ,w>9e #ad #ah4 ,%ield ( ,:itwor? #ad #ai4 ,! ,esc>buncle #ae #bj4 ,%ield ( ,montacute #ag #bj;,a4 ,%ield ( ,montacute #gj #ba4 ,! ,planta ,g5i/a #ag #bb4 ,arms assign$ to ,william ,i4 #ah1 #bei #bc4 ,arms assign$ to ! ,saxon ,pr9ces #ah #bd4 ,%ield ( ,pr9ce ,john ( ,el?am #bf #be4 ,badge ( ,ri*>d ,,ii41 ,we/m9/] ,hall #bg #bf4 ,badge ( ,ri*>d ,,ii41 ,we/m9/] ,hall #bg #bg4 ,! ,po9ts ( an ,h]aldic ,%ield #cc #bh4 ,%ield divid$ p] ,pale #cc #bi4 ,%ield divid$ p] ,fesse #cc #cj4 ,%ield divid$ ,qu>t]ly #cc #ca4 ,%ield divid$ p] ,b5d #cc #cb4 ,%ield divid$ p] ,b5d ,s9i/] #cc #cc4 ,%ield divid$ p] ,saltire #cc #cd4 ,%ield divid$ p] ,*evron #cc #ce4 ,%ield divid$ p] ,ti]ce #cc #cf4 ,%ield ,qu>t]ly ( ,eight #cd #cg4 ,comp\nd ,qu>t]+ #cd #ch4 ,bord] & ,divid+ ,l9es #ce #ci4 ,b[$ ,%ield #cf #dj4 ,h]aldic ,%ield #cf #da4 ,h]aldic ,%ield #cf #db4 ,h]aldic ,%ield #cf #dc4 ,h]aldic ,%ield #cg #dd4 ,h]aldic ,%ield #cg #de4 ,mod]n ,%ield #cg #df4 ,c>t\*e #cg #dg4 ,loz5ge #cg #dh4 ,arms ( ,prov5ce #ch #di4 ,%ield ,c\* #ch #ej4 ,symbolisation ( ,or #dj #ea4 ,symbolisation ( ,arg5t #dj #eb4 ,symbolisation ( ,azure #dj #ec4 ,symbolisation ( ,gules #dj #ed4 ,symbolisation ( ,sable #dj #ee4 ,symbolisation ( ,v]t #dj #ef4 ,symbolisation ( ,purpure #dj #eg1 #eg;,a4 ,erm9e #da1 #db #eh4 ,erm9es #da #ei4 ,erm9ois #da #fj4 ,pean #da #fa4 ,vair #da #fb4 ,vair #da #fc4 ,c\nt] ,vair #da #fd4 ,pot5t #da #fe4 ,c\nt] ,pot5t #da #ff4 ,compone #dc #fg4 ,c\nt] ,compone #dc #fh4 ,arms ( ,e>l de ,w>r5ne #de #fi4 ,arms ( ,j]usalem #dd #gj4 ,arms ( ,f5wick #dd #ga4 ,a ,*ief #ej #gb4 ,arms ( ,le ,botil] #ej #gc4 ,arms ( ,de ,brus #ej #gd4 ,arms ( ,de ,cl9tone #ej #ge4 ,arms ( ,de ,cl9tone #ej #gf4 ,arms ( ,de ,clif=d #ej #gg4 ,arms ( ,de ,pate%ulle #ej #gh4 ,arms ( ,le ,vavas\r #ej #gi4 ,arms ( ,de ,hem5hale #ea #hj4 ,arms ( ,de ,dagewor! #ea #ha4 ,arms ( ,de ,h>ec\rt #ea #hb4 ,arms ( ,wake #ea #hc4 ,arms ( ,de ,hunt]cumbe #eb #hd4 ,arms ( ,de la ,m]e #eb #he4 ,arms ( ,fitzalan ( ,b$ale #ec #hf4 ,arms ( ,de ,val5ce #ec #hg4 ,arms ( ,ersk9e #ec #hh4 ,arms ( ,gr&ison #ec #hi4 ,cross ,fimbriat$ #ed #ij4 ,cross ,po9t$ #ed #ia4 ,greek ,cross #ee #ib4 ,lat9 ,cross #ee #ic4 ,tau ,cross #ee #id4 ,cross ,quadrate #ee #ie4 ,cross ,patri>*al #ee #if4 ,cross ,l\r*e #ee #ig4 ,arms ( ,de ,mol9es #ef #ih4 ,arms ( ,bi%op ,an?ony ,bec #ef #ii4 ,arms ( ,william de ,vesci #ef #ajj4 ,cross ,fleurie #ef #aja4 ,cross ,fleurette #ef #ajb4 ,cross ,pommee #ef #ajc4 ,cross ,botonee #eg #ajd4 ,cross ,crosslet #eg #aje4 ,cross ,cle*e #eg #ajf4 ,cross ,patee #eg #ajg4 ,cross ,maltese #eg #ajh4 ,cross ,pot5t #eg #aji4 ,cross ,avellane #eg #aaj4 ,cross ,botone ,fit*e #eg #aaa4 ,arms ( ,le ,scrope #eh #aab4 ,arms ( ,de ,radclyffe #eh #aac4 ,arms ( ,le ,botel] #eh #aad4 ,arms ( ,de ,bohun1 ,e>l ( ,h]e=d #ei #aae4 ,arms ( ,de ,bohun 7diff]5c$7 #ei #aaf4 ,arms ( ,de ,mont=d #fj #aag4 ,arms ( ,de ,bray #fj #aah4 ,paly ,b5dy #fj #aai4 ,b>ry ,b5dy #fj #abj4 ,arms ( ,/4 ,&rew #fj #aba4 ,arms ( ,de ,neville #fj #abb4 ,arms ( ,de ,neville #fj #abc4 ,arms ( ,de ,/af=d #fa #abd4 ,arms ( ,de ,cl>e #fa #abe4 ,e>ly ,%ield ( ,de ,cl>e #fb #abf4 ,arms ( ,de ,*&os #fb #abg4 ,arms ( ,de ,prian #fb #abh4 ,arms ( ,de ,passett #fb #abi4 ,arms ( ,de ,kyrkeby #fe #acj4 ,arms ( ,blundell #fe #aca4 ,arms ( ,de ,mortim] #ff #acb4 ,arms ( ,d>cy #ff #acc4 ,arms ( ,de ,wyll]s #ff #acd4 ,arms ( ,de ,balliol #ff #ace4 ,s+le ,tressure ,flory #fg #acf4 ,tressure ,flory ,c\nt]flory #fg #acg4 ,d\ble ,tressure ,flory #fg #ach4 ,arms ( ,scotl& #fg1 #bfj #aci4 ,arms ( ,de ,waltone #fh #adj4 ,arms ( ,ri*>d1 ,e>l ( ,cornwall #fh #ada4 ,flan*e #fi #adb4 ,flasques #fi #adc4 ,mascle #fi #add4 ,ru/re #fi #ade4 ,arms ( ,de ,burgh1 ,e>l ( ,k5t #fi #adf4 ,arms ( ,de9c\rt #gj #adg4 ,arms ( ,campbell #gj #adh4 ,a ,frette #ga #adi4 ,arms ( ,de ,et*+ham #ga #aej4 ,trellis ,cl\e #ga #aea4 ,bezant #gb #aeb4 ,torteau #gb #aec4 ,f\nta9 #gb #aed4 ,annulet #gb #aee4 ,%ield ( ,d\glas #gd #aef4 ,%ield ( ,d\glas #gd #aeg4 ,%ield ( ,d\glas #gd #aeh4 ,%ield ( ,isle ( ,man #gd #aei4 ,%ield ( ,/4 ,alban's ,abbey #ge #afj4 ,e>ly ,m>tlet #gg #afa4 ,m>tlet #gg #afb4 ,bann] ( ,de ,b>re #gg #afc4 ,dolph9 #gh #afd4 ,arms ( ,de ,lucy #gh #afe4 ,escallop #gh #aff4 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,cresc5t1 ,incresc5t1 ,decresc5t #hj #afg4 ,at ,gaze #ha #afh4 ,tripp+ #ha #afi4 ,at ,spe$ #ha #agj4 ,/ag's ,head ,caboss$ #he #aga4 ,lion ,rampant #he #agb4 ,lion ,rampant ,gu>dant #he #agc4 ,lion ,passant #he #agd4 ,lion ,passant ,gu>dant #he #age4 ,lion ,/atant #he #agf4 ,lion ,/atant ,gu>dant #he #agg4 ,lion ,c\*ant #hf #agh4 ,lion ,sejant #hf #agi4 ,lion ,dormant #hf #ahj4 ,lion ,sali5t #hf #aha4 ,lion ,d\ble queu$ #hf #ahb4 ,lion ,c[>d #hf #ahc4 ,lion's ,head #hg #ahd4 ,lion's ,face #hg #ahe4 ,lion's ,jambe #hg #ahf4 ,demi ,lion ,rampant #hg #ahg4 ,arms ( ,engl& #hg1 #bei #ahh4 ,arms ( ,ri*>d ,i4 #hh #ahi4 ,arms ( ,pr9ce ,john #hh #aij4 ,arms ( ,ri*>d ,i4 #hh #aia4 ,arms ( ,le ,/range #hi #aib4 ,arms ( ,giff>d #hi #aic4 ,arms ( ,m[bray #hi #aid4 ,arms ( ,de ,lacy #hi #aie4 ,arms ( ,de ,segrave #hi #aif4 ,arms ( ,de ,p]cy #ij #aig4 ,arms ( ,de ,longespe #ij #aih4 ,cre/ ( ,black ,pr9ce #ia #aii4 ,cre/ c41 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 #ia #bjj4 ,eagle ,%ield 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey #ic #bja4 ,imp]ial ,eagle #ic #bjb4 ,royal ,eagle #ic #bjc4 ,arms ( ,e>l ( ,cornwall #id #bjd4 ,seal ( ,euphemia ,leslie #id #bje4 ,%ield ( ,pi]s ,gave/on #ie #bjf4 ,arms ( ,montacute & ,mon!rm] #ie #bjg4 ,a ,vol #if #bji4 ,arms ( ,de la ,m]e #if #baj4 ,%ield at ,/4 ,albans #ig #baa4 ,au/rian ,eagle #ig #bab4 ,g]man ,imp]ial ,eagle #ih #bac4 ,g]man ,eagle1 w+s erect #ih #bad4 ,fr5* ,imp]ial ,eagle #ii #bae4 ,badge ( ,ul/] #aja #baf4 ,breys #ajd #bag4 ,b>on's ,coronet #ajd #bah4 ,wat] ,b\get #ajf #bai4 ,b\rohi] ,knot #ajf #bbj4 ,b[5 ,knot #ajg #bba4 ,caltrap #ajg #bbb4 ,ca/le #ajh #bbc4 ,cele/ial ,cr[n #ajh #bbd4 ,*apeau ( ,e/ate #ajh #bbe4 ,arms ( ,saxony #ajh #bbf4 ,*ess ,rook #aji #bbg4 ,c9quefoil #aji #bbh4 ,cl>ions #aji #bbi4 ,cockatrice #aaj #bcj4 ,coll> ( ,york #aaj #bca4 ,coll> ( ,lanca/] #aaj #bcb4 ,cre/ ,coronet #aac #bcc4 ,cre/ ,wrea?s #aac #bcd4 ,cr[n ( ,h4,m4 ,! ,k+ #aae1 #bff #bce4 ,dacre ,knot & ,badges #aae #bcf4 ,dragon #aag #bcg4 ,duke's ,coronet #aag #bch4 ,e>l's ,coronet #aah #bci4 ,ea/]n ,cr[n #aah #bdj4 ,electoral ,bonnet #aai #bda4 ,arms ( ,byron #aai #bdb4 ,e/oile #abj #bdc4 ,f]-de-,mol9e #aba #bdd4 ,f]mails #aba #bde4 ,fett] lock #abb #bdf4 ,fleur de lys #abb #bdg4 ,arms ( ,france ,anci5t #abb #bdh4 ,arms ( ,france ,mod]n #abb #bdi4 ,arms ( ,edmund1 ,e>l ( ,lanca/] #abc #bej4 ,arms ( ,m>g>et1 ,que5 ( ,edw>d ,i4 #abb #bea4 ,seal ( ,m>g>et1 ,que5 ( ,edw>d ,i4 #abc #beb4 ,%ield ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 ,a4,d4 #acdj #abd1 #bfj #bec4 ,%ield ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 ab\t #adje #abd1 #bfj #bed1 #bee4 ,fylfots #abe #bef4 ,%ield ( ,r4 de ,gorges #abg #beg4 ,hawk's ,lure #abh #beh4 ,hawk's ,bells & ,jesses #abh #bei4 ,helm ( ! ,sov]eign #abi #bfj4 ,helm ( ,pr9ces & ,nobles #abi #bfa4 ,helm ( ,b>onets & ,knights #abi #bfb4 ,helm ( ,esquires & ,g5tlem5 #abi #bfc4 ,helm ( ,esquires & ,g5tlem5 #abi #bfd4 ,h5eage ,knot #acj #bfe4 ,arms ( ! ,h]alds ,college #acj #bff4 ,arms ( ,lyon ,(fice #aca #bfg4 ,jessant de lys #acc #bfh1 #bfi4 ,h]aldic ,keys #acc #bgj4 ,ha/+s ,badge #acc #bga1 #bgb1 #bgc4 ,labels #acd #bgd4 ,lacy ,knot #acd #bge4 ,lymphad #acf #bgf4 ,arms ( ,ha/+s #acf #bgg4 ,coronet ( ,m>quess #acg #bgh4 ,mullet #aci #bgi4 ,mullet ,pi]c$ #aci #bhj4 ,mural ,cr[n #adj #bha4 ,naval ,cr[n #adj #bhb4 ,p\rdon #ada #bhc4 ,pana*e ,cre/ ( ,edw>d ,c\rt5ay #adb #bhd4 ,pana*e ,cre/ ( ,william le ,latim] #adb #bhe4 ,pana*e ,cre/ ( ,edmund ,mortim] #adb #bhf4 ,p5non ( ,d',aub]n\n #adc #bhg4 ,pheon #adc #bhh4 ,portcullis #adc #bhi4 ,coronet ( ,pr9ce ( ,wales #ade #bij4 ,coronet ( ,k+'s ,daught]s & ,y\ng] ,sons #ade #bia4 ,coronet ( ,k+'s ,gr&*ildr5 #ade #bib4 ,coronet ( ,k+'s ,c\s9s #ade #bic4 ,quatrefoil #adf #bid4 ,! ,ragg$ ,/aff ,badge #adf #bie4 ,rebus ( ,abbot ,kirton #adh #bif4 ,rebus ( ,bi%op ,peckyngton #adh #big4 ,rebus ( ,sir ,john ,pe*e #adh #bih1 #bii4 ,h]aldic ,roses #adi #cjj4 ,rose en ,soleil #adi #cja4 ,cre/ ( ,hamilton #aej #cjb4 ,sixfoil #aeb #cjc4 ,arms ( ,%akespe>e #aea #cjd4 ,/af=d ,knot #aeb #cje4 ,/aple ,padge #aeb #cjf4 ,arms ( ,city ( ,london #aec #cjg4 ,tab>d #aed #cjh4 ,badge ( ,james ,i4 #aed #cji4 ,trefoil ,slipp$ #aee #caj4 ,trumpet #aee #caa4 ,visc\nt's ,coronet #aef #cab4 ,%ield at ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,albans #aeg #cac4 ,wake ,knot #aeg #cad4 ,ca!r9e ,:eel #aeg #cae4 ,wyv]n #aeg #caf4 ,seal ( ,m>g>et1 ,que5 ( ,edw>d ,i4 #afj #cag4 ,seal ( ,m>g>et ,lady ,de ,ros #afa #cah4 ,seal ( ,joan1 ,c\ntess ( ,surrey #afb #cai4 ,seal ( ,m>y1 ,c\ntess ( ,pembroke #afd #cbj4 ,seal ( ,matilda ( ,lanca/] #afd #cba4 ,seal ( ,oliv] de ,bohun #afe #cbb4 ,%ield ( ,e>l ,john de ,dreux #afe #cbc4 ,%ield ( ,ca/ile & ,leon #aff #cbd4 ,%ield ( ,h5ry1 ,e>l ( ,nor?umb]l& #afg #cbe4 ,%ield ( ,mayor ( ,w9*elsea #afh #cbf4 ,%ield ( ,de ,val5ce & ,cl>emont ,nesle #afh #cbg4 ,%ield ( ,camoys & ,mortim] #afi #cbh4 ,%ield ( ,d',aubigny & ,scotl& #agj #cbi4 ,%ield ( ,e>l ,ri*>d ,beau*amp #aga #ccj4 ,f\r ,diagrams illu/rative ( ,m>%all+ #aga-b #cca-cce4 ,diagrams illu/rative ( ,m>%all+ #agb #ccf4 ,%ield ( ,elde/ ,sons ( ,edw>d ,i4 & ,,ii4 #agh #ccg4 ,%ield ( ,black ,pr9ce #agh #cch4 ,label ( ,lanca/] #agi #cci4 ,label ( ,brittany #agi #cdj4 ,label ( ,york #agi #cda4 ,label ( ,cl>5ce #ahj #cdb4 ,label ( ,h5ry & ,john ( ,lanca/] #ahj #cdc4 ,label ( ,?omas ( ,lanca/] #ahj #cdd4 ,%ield ( ,holl&1 ( ,k5t #aha #cde4 ,%ield ( ,h5ry ( ,lanca/] #ahb #cdf4 ,%ield ( ,beau*amp ( ,elmely #ahc #cdg4 ,%ield ( ,beau*amp at ,c>lav]ock #ahc #cdh4 ,%ield ( ,beau*amp ( ,w>wick #ahd #cdi4 ,%ield ( ,beau*amp ( ,blet%oe #ahd #cej4 ,%ield ( ,bi%op ,gr&ison #ahe #cea4 ,seal ( ,bi%op ,le ,desp5c] #ahe #ceb4 ,%ield ( ,sir ,fulk ,fitz ,w>9 #ahf #cec4 ,%ield ( ,?omas le ,scrope #ahf #ced4 ,cresc5t1 = ,diff]5ce #ahf #cee4 ,mullet1 = ,diff]5ce #ahf #cef4 ,%ield ( ,"l ,latim] #ahg #ceg4 ,%ield ( ,neville #ahg #ceh4 ,%ield ( ,sir ,wm4 de ,brewys #ahg #cei4 ,%ield ( ,h5ry1 ,e>l ( ,worce/] #ahi #cfj4 ,%ield ( ,beau=t1 be=e #acig #ahi #cfa4 ,%ield ( ,beau=t1 aft] #acig #ahi #cfb4 ,%ield ( ,*>les1 ,e>l ( ,worce/] #aij #cfc4 ,%ield ( ,sir ,rog] de ,cl>5don #aij #cfd4 ,arms ( ,radulphus de ,arundel #aij #cfe4 ,seal ( ,william ,fras] #aic #cff4 ,%ield ( ,e>l ( ,*e/] #aie #cfg4 ,%ield ( ,fitz ,ralph #aif #cfh4 ,%ield ( ,de ,lut]ell #aig #cfi4 ,%ield ( ,de ,wadsley #aig #cgj4 ,%ield ( ,de ,wortley #aih #cga4 ,%ield ( ,de ,m\nt5ey #aih #cgb4 ,%ield ( ,de ,m\nt5ey #aih #cgc4 ,%ield 9 ,/4 ,alban's ,abbey #bjc #cgd4 ,%ield ( ,h[>d1 aft] ,flodd5 #bje #cgd;,a4 ,h[>d ,augm5tation #bje #cge4 ,fan-,cre/1 ,ri*>d ,i4 #bji #cgf4 ,fan-,cre/1 ,h5ry de ,p]ci #bji #cgg4 ,fan-,cre/1 ,h5ry de ,laci #bji #cgh4 ,seal ( ,alex&] de ,balliol #baj #cgi4 ,helm1 c41 ,?omas1 ,e>l ( ,lanca/] #baa #chj4 ,helm1 c41 ,ge(frey ,lut]ell #bab #cha4 ,seal1 ,sir ,rob]t de ,m>ny #bab #chb4 ,seal1 ,william de ,wyndesor #bad #chc4 ,cre/1 ,sir ,r4 ,grey1 ,k4,g4 #bae #chd4 ,helm1 c41 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 #baf #che4 ,helm1 c41 ,sir ,hugh ,ha/+s #bag #chf4 ,cre/-,wrea?1 ,sir ,william ,v]non #bag #chg4 ,cre/-,wrea?1 ,sir ,rob]t ,h>c\rt #bag #chh4 ,cre/-,wrea?1 ,effigy at ,tewkesbury #bag #chi4 ,bas9et & ,cre/-,wrea?1 ,sir ,h4 ,/af=d #bah #cij4 ,seal1 ,e>l ,rob]t ,bruce #bbe #cia4 ,seal1 ,sir ,walt] ,hung]=d #bbe #cib4 ,seal1 ,sir ,rob]t de ,hung]=d #bbf #cic4 ,badge1 ,tau & ,bell #bbg #cid4 ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge #bca #cie1 #cif4 ,?ree ,o/ri* ,fea!rs1 ,pet]bor\gh #bca #cig4 ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge1 ,ludl[ #bcb #cih4 ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge1 ,dean]y1 ,pet]bor\gh #bcb #cii4 ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge1 ,/4 ,alban's ,abbey #bcb #djj4 ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge1 ,exet] ,ca!dral #bcb #dja4 ,%ield = ,peace ( ,black ,pr9ce #bcd #djb4 ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge1 ,seal ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 #bce #djc4 ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge1 ,seal ( ,?omas1 ,duke ( ,glo/] #bce #djd4 ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge1 ,g>t] ,plate ( ,john ,beau=t #bce #dje4 ,seal ( ,devorguilla ,craw=d #bci #djf4 ,seal ( ,m>g>et1 ,lady ,hung]=d #bdj #djg4 ,seal ( ,e>l ,edmund de ,mortim] #bdb #djh4 ,seal ( ,rob]t ,graham #bdc #dji4 ,seal ( ,sir ,wm4 ,l9dsay #bdc #daj4 ,seal ( ,sir ,john ,drummond #bdd #daa4 ,p5non #bdg #dab4 ,p5non ( ,p]cy #bdg #dac4 ,bann]s & ,p5nons #bdh #dad4 ,seal ( ,e>l ,john ,holl& #bdi #dae4 ,/&>d ( ,sir ,h4 de ,/af=d1 ,k4,g4 #bea #daf4 ,! ,royal ,/&>d #beb #dag4 ,! ,fir/ ,union ,jack #bec #dah4 ,bann] ( ,/4 ,george #bec #dai4 ,bann] ( ,/4 ,&rew #bec #dbj4 ,! ,second ,union ,jack #bed #dba4 ,! ,bann] ( ,/4 ,patrick #bed #dbb4 ,r$ ,ensign #bee #dbc4 ,royal ,arms ( ,/u>t ,sov]eigns #bfa #dbd4 ,arms ( ,nassau #bfa #dbe4 ,diagram ( ,arms ( ,william ,,iii4 & ,m>y #bfa #dbf4 ,diagram ( ,arms ( ,william ,,iii4 alone #bfa #dbg4 ,diagram ( ,arms ( ,anne #bfb #dbh4 ,arms ( ,hanov] #bfb #dbi1 #dcj4 ,diagrams ( ,royal ,arms #bfb1 #bfc #dca4 ,cre/ ( ,engl& #bfd #dcb4 ,signet ,r+ ( ,que5 ,m>y ,/u>t #bfe #dcc4 ,insignia ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t] #bgg #dcd4 ,less] ,george ( ! ,g>t] #bgi #dce4 ,jewel ( ! ,?i/le #bha #dcf4 ,badge ( ,/4 ,patrick #bha #dcg4 ,badge ( ! ,ba?1 ,naval & ,milit>y #bhd #dch4 ,badge ( ! ,ba?1 ,diplomatic & ,civil #bhe #dci4 ,badge ( ! ,/> ( ,india #bhh #ddj4 ,victoria ,cross #bic #dda4 ,! ,alb]t ,m$al #bic #ddb4 ,seal ( ,"l ,b>dolf #cah #ddc4 ,seal ( ,william ,mure #cai #ddd4 ,seal ( ,?omas ,monyp5y #cai #dde4 ,seal ( ,ri*>d ,/u>t #cai #ddf4 ,seal ( ,e>l ,?omas de ,beau*amp ,frontispiece #ddg4 ,c\nt]-,seal ( ! same #cbj #ddh4 ,seal ( ,e>l ,ri*>d de ,beau*amp ,frontispiece #ddi4 ,seal ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 ,a4,d4 #aebi #cbf #dej4 ,insignia ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,?i/le #bhj #dea4 ,insignia ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,patrick #bhb #deb4 ,coll> & ,milit>y ,badge1 ,ord] ( ! ,ba? #bhc #dec4 ,/> ( ,knight ,gr& ,cross 7,civil7 #bhe #ded4 ,/> ( ,knight ,comm&] 7,milit>y7 #bhe #dee4 ,ord] ( ,m]it #bhf #def4 ,coll> & ,insignia ( ,exalt$ ,ord] ( ! ,/> ( ,india #bhg #deg4 ,/> & ,coll> ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,george #bhi #deh4 ,em95t ,ord] ( ! ,indian ,empire #bij #dei4 ,badge ( same #bia #dfj4 ,g4,c4,v4,o4 ,/> #bia #dfa4 ,k4,c4,v4,o4 ,/> #bia #dfb4 ,g4,c4,v4,o4 ,badge #bia #dfc4 ,k4,c4,v4,o4 ,badge #bia #dfd4 ,di/+ui%$ ,s]vice ,old] #bib #dfe4 ,imp]ial ,s]vice ,ord] #bib ,,note4-- ,sev]al illu/rations us$ h]e) 9 connection ) ! new ,ord]s creat$ ( rec5t date are ins]t$ by arrangem5t ) ! ,editor ( ,debrett's ,pe]age4 ,,engli% ,,h]aldry ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory ,e>ly ,popul>ity ( ,h]aldry 9 ,engl&-- ,orig9 ( ,engli% ,h]aldry2 ,def9ition2 ,*>act]i/ics2 ,developm5ts2 ,e>ly ,uses2 n connect$ ) ,e>li] ,sy/ems-- ,anci5t ,h]aldry-- ,pa/ & ,pres5t ,treatm5t ( ! ,subject4 ,:at6 ,is x possible8 n "k ! figures ( ,h]aldry6 ,( :at c\ld y\r fa!r be ?9k+8 --,,rob ,,roy4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #d4 ,! s5tim5t unque/ionably 0 8 own :i* ,sir ,walt] ,scott made delightful ,di ,v]non express :51 ) indignant surprise1 %e ask$ ,frank ,osbaldi/one ( :at 8 fa!r c\ld h be5 ?9k+1 t he _h be5 p]mitt$ to gr[ up )\t any k ( ,h]aldry4 ,sir ,walt] 0 "r 9 8 e/imate ( ! high value ( ,h]aldry z an elem5t ( education3 &1 9 pr(ess+ h]self a vot>ess ( ! ,h]ald's g5tle sci5ce1 x 0 q "r 9 ,di ,v]non to sugge/ to o!r ladies t x w\ld be well = !m if ,h]aldry %\ld f9d fav\r 9 _! eyes also4 ,! age ( ,rob ,roy1 h[ev]1 0 f> f be+ 9 h>mony ) h]aldic associations3 nor 0 ! au?or ( ,wav]ley himself p]mitt$ to accompli% m1 ?an to lead ! way to t revival ( a popul> sympa?y ) e expression ( e>ly ,art1 :i* n[ =ms "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable *>act]i/ics ( our own era4 ,9 ! old5 "t1 9 ,engl&1 ! love ( ,h]aldry1 :i* 0 preval5t among/ all classes1 0 bas$ ^u an intellig5t appreciation ( its wor?9ess4 ,a "p ( ! feudal sy/em ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & at once d]iv$ f ! prevail+ =m ( ?\ght & feel+1 & imp>t+ to x a brilliant col\r+ peculi> to itself1 ,h]aldry ex]cis$ a p[]ful influ5ce ^u ! mann]s & habits ( ! p among/ :om x 0 9 use4 ,by our e>ly ance/ors1 accord+ly1 z ,mr4 ,montagu has s happily writt51 little giv5 to /udy ( any k9d1 a k ( ,h]aldry 0 consid]$ indisp5sable3 to !m x 0 ! outw>d sign ( ! _s ( *ivalry1 ! index1 also1 to a l5g!n$ *ronicle ( d\ghty de$s4 ,& ?is ,h]aldry grew up1 spontane\sly & naturally1 out ( ! circum/ances & requirem5ts ( ^? times4 ,x came into exi/5ce1 because x 0 ne$$ = practical use2 x 0 accept$ & *]i%$1 because x did mu* m ?an fulfil its av[$ purpose4 ,at fir/1 simply useful to di/+ui% p>ticul> individuals1 especially 9 w> & at ! t\rnam5t1 ,engli% ,h]aldry soon became popul>2 & !n1 ) no less rapidity1 x rose to high hon\r & dignity4 ,f ! circum/ance t x fir/ f\nd its special use 9 direct connection ) milit>y equipm5ts1 knightly ex]cises1 & ! mle ( actual battle1 m$ival ,h]aldry has also be5 entitl$ ,,armory4 ,m5 wore ! ensigns ( ,h]aldry ab\t _! p]sons1 embroid]$ ^u ! g>m5ts t p>tially cov]$ _! arm\r1--& s !y call$ !m ,coats-(-,arms3 !y bore ^! same ensigns on _! %ields1--& !y call$ !m ,%ields-(-,arms3 & 9 _! ,armorial ,bann]s & ,p5nons !y aga9 display$ ! v same insignia1 float+ 9 ! w9d high above _! heads1 f ! %afts ( _! lances4 ,! ,h]aldry or ,armory ( ,engl&1 an hon\rable & hon\r$ memb] ( ! illu/ri\s family ( m$ival ,european ,h]aldry1 may be def9$ z a symbolical & pictorial language1 9 :i* figures1 devices1 & col\rs are employ$ in/ead ( lett]s4 ,ea* h]aldic composition has its own def9ite & complete significance1 convey$ ?r\gh its direct connection ) "s p>ticul> individual1 family1 dignity1 or (fice4 ,e su* h]aldic composition1 also1 is a true legal possession1 held & ma9ta9$ by an express "r & title3 & x is h]$it>y1 l o!r real prop]ty1 9 accordance ) c]ta9 laws & prec$5ts ( inh]itance4 ,b 9 ?is respect h]aldic insignia are s+ul> & unlike o!r prop]ty1 inasmu* z x is a g5]al rule t !y _c be ali5at$1 ex*ang$1 or transf]r$ o!rwise ?an by inh]itance or o!r lawful succession4 ,exceptions to ?is rule1 :5 !y are obs]v$ occasionally to h occurr$1 %[ cle>ly _! own exceptional "*1 & consequ5tly !y confirm ! true au?ority ( ! rule itself4 ,x w be und]/ood1 z a necess>y quality ( its h]$it>y nature1 t ! significance ( an h]aldic composition1 :ile def9ite & complete 9 itself1 admits ( augm5tation & expansion ?r\gh its association ) successive g5]ations4 ,?us1 ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,,edw>d ,,iii4 is complete z ! h]aldic symbol ( t great mon>*1 & ( ! realm "u 8 rule3 & yet ?is same %ield1 equally complete 7) "o simple modification7 z ! h]aldic symbol ( ea* successive ,sov]eign till ! dea? ( ,,elizabe?1 has its significance inf9itely augm5t$ & exp&$ ?r\gh its h]$it>y association ) all ! ,sov]eigns ( ! ,h\ses ( ,plantag5et & ,tudor4 ,until ! conclud+ qu>t] ( ! twelf? c5tury1 ! traces ( ! exi/5ce ( ,h]aldry are fa9t & few 9 numb]4 ,e>ly 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! new sci5ce began to e/abli% itself firmly among/ our ance/ors ( t age2 & x is c]ta9 t1 z soon z its "* & capabilities 7 9 any degree und]/ood aright1 x grew spe$ily into fav\r2 s t 9 ! reign ( ,,h5ry ,,iii4 7,a4,d4 #abaf-abgb7 ,h]aldry 9 ,engl& _h confirm$ its own claims to be reg>d$ z a ,sci5ce1 by be+ 9 possession ( a sy/em1 & a classification ( its own4 ,! ,crusades1 ^? extraord9>y conf$]acies )\t a p>allel 9 ! hi/ory ( civilis$ nations1 7 !mselves s ?or\ghly a matt] ( religi\s *ivalry1 t x 0 only an inevitable result ( _! exi/5ce t !y %\ld give a p[]ful impulse to ! e/abli%m5t & developm5t ( ,h]aldry 9 its e>ly days4 ,b ,h]aldry1 f ! "t ( its fir/ appe>ance 9 ,engl&1 0 f\nd to be valuable = o!r uses besides ^? :i* s intimately connect$ x ) bo? real & imitative w>f>e1 ) ! fi]ce life-&-dea? conflict ( ! battle-field1 & ) ! sc>cely less p]il\s /ruggle = hon\r & r5[n 9 ! li/s4 ,v soon aft] ! ,norman ,conque/1 9 consequ5ce ( _! pres5ce be+ requir$ to give validity to e species ( legal docum5t1 ,,seals became in/rum5ts ( ! greate/ importance2 & x 0 soon obvi\s t h]aldic insignia1 ) a repres5tation ( ! knightly %ield ^u :i* !y 7 display$1 7 exactly suit$ to satisfy e requirem5t ( ! seal-engrav]4 ,by su* means ,h]aldry became int]wov5 z well ) ! peaceful conc]ns ( ev]yday life1 z ) ! display ( m>tial spl5d\r & ! turmoil ( w>4 ,_m attempts h be5 made to set aside ! op9ion t ! ,h]aldry ( ! ,middle ,ages 9 ,engl& 0 a fre% creation1 a production ( indig5\s gr[?3 & great is ! +5uity t has be5 br\ght into action to c>ry back ! ,h]aldry ( our own c\ntry f ! comm5cem5t ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ?r\gh ! previ\s elem5t>y /ages ( its exi/5ce1 9 ord] to trace its direct l9eal desc5t f c]ta9 decorative & symbolical devices t 7 9 use at mu* e>li] p]iods4 ,! c>eful & dilig5t rese>*es1 h[ev]1 ( ! mo/ le>n$ ,h]alds h at pres5t l$ !m almo/ unanim\sly to reject all su* !ories z ^!1 z speculative & unc]ta94 ,at ! same "t1 x is an indisputable fact t1 9 all ages ( ! _w1 & among/ all races ( m51 "s =m ( symbolical expression has be5 bo? 9 use & 9 fav\r4 ,& x is equally true t ?is symbolism1 :atev] x may h be51 has g5]ally be5 f\nd 9 "s way associat$ ) a milit>y life & ) ! act ( w>f>e4 ,soldi]s1 & p>ticul>ly ^? 9 high comm&1 h always delight$ to adorn _! %ields ) devices t sometimes 7 significant ( _! own condition or exploits1 or sometimes _h ref]5ce to _! c\ntry1 or ev5 to _! families2 &1 9 l mann]1 x has be5 a univ]sal cu/om to display simil> devices & figures 9 milit>y /&>ds ( all k9ds4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,conque/1 z is %[n 9 ! fam\s ,bayeux ,tape/ry ( ! ,conqu]or's ,consort1 ! %ields & /&>ds ( bo? ,normans & ,anglo-,saxons 7 pa9t$1 & p]haps ! latt] 7 embroid]$1 ) v>i\s figures & devices2 b c]ta9ly )\t any h]aldic significance or any p]sonal associations be+ indicat$ by ^! figures & devices1 :i* be> a g5]al resemblance to ! insignia ( ! ,legions & ,cohorts ( ,imp]ial ,rome4 ,figures ,nos4 #e & #f give repres5tations ( ! /&>ds t are introduc$ into ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry4 ,! same species ( decoration1 consi/+ *iefly ( pa9t$ patt]ns1 ) discs1 />s1 cresc5ts1 & "s o!r figures1 cont9u$ 9 use 9 our own c\ntry until sup]s$$ by a true ,h]aldry2 & may also be assum$ to h prevail$ 9 ,engl& 9 mu* e>li] times4 ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #e & #f4--,lance ,flags--,bayeux ,tape/ry4 ,9 /ill m remote ages a m decid$ h]aldic sy/em 0 display$ ^u signets1 co9s1 %ields1 & /&>ds4 ,9 ?is anci5t ,h]aldry1 if s x may be t]m$1 occasionally ! important & *>act]i/ic quality ( h]$it>y association 9 c]ta9 devices is app>5t4 ,?us1 ,virgil 7neid1 vii4 #feg7 assigns to ,av5t9us insigne pat]num ^u 8 %ield--8 h]$it>y device1 d]iv$ by him f 8 fa!r4 ,b ^! devices g5]ally appe> to h _! significance 9 a great] or a less degree re/rict$1 among/ ! anci5ts1 to c]ta9 p>ticul> incid5ts2 consequ5tly 9 all ^! examples !re is no?+ to %[ t ! man :o bore "o device at "o "t1 did n be> ano!r device at ano!r "t4#a ,= example1 s*ylus1 ! ,greek trag$ian 7,b4,c4 #fjj71 has record$ t ,capaneus1 :5 attack+ ! city ( ,!bes1 bore on 8 %ield ! figure ( a w>rior c>ry+ a light$ tor*1 ) ! motto1 ,i w fire ! city6 ,b1 on ano!r occasion1 we h reason to believe t ! same ,capaneus bore q a diff]5t device1 applicable to t o!r occasion2 & ?is deprives ^! anci5t devices1 h]aldic z !y are 9 _! g5]al "*1 ( t special p]sonal association :i* true ,h]aldry requires &1 inde$1 implies4 ,! beautiful pa9t$ vases1 ! works ( ,greek arti/s1 t are discov]$ 9 su* extraord9>y numb]s & 9 p]fect pres]vation 9 "s p>ts ( ,italy1 con/antly give mo/ /rik+ repres5tations ( ! %ields ( anci5t ,greek w>riors & o!r p]sonages1 ) :at appe> h]aldic devices display$ ^u !m4 ,^! %ields illu/rate1 9 a rem>kable mann]1 bo? ! appropriate significance ( p>ticul> devices1 & ! usage !n preval5t = a v>iety ( devices to be borne on diff]5t occasions by ! same individual4 ,%ields ^u vases 9 ! collections 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,l\vre at ,p>is1 & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :]e !y are easy ( access1 conta9 a great v>iety ( devices4 ,! examples1 ,nos4 #g1 #h1 #i1 & #aj1 are f our own ,national ,collections4 ,no4 #g1 ! %ield black1 ! bord] & ! pegasus r$2 ,no4 #h1 ! %ield black1 & ! two dolph9s :ite2 ,no4 #i1 ! %ield black1 ) a bord] adorn$ ) r$ discs1 ! s]p5t :ite2 ,no4 #aj1 ! %ield black1 ) purple bord]1 ! ?ree human legs conjo9$ :ite4 ,! %ields1 ,nos4 #i & #aj1 are bo? borne by ! goddess ,,a?,n 7,m9]va72 & ! rem>kable device display$ on ,no4 #aj is also f\nd on ! co9s ( anci5t ,sicily4 ,o!r simil> %ields display lions1 horses1 dogs1 wild bo>s1 fi%1 birds1 clu/]s ( leaves1 *>iots & *>iot-:eels1 votive tripods1 s]p5ts1 scorpions1 ) _m o!rs1 includ+ occasional examples ( human figures4 ,9 ano!r collection ,i h se5 an an*or & an ,amazon's b[4 ,a device diff]+ f t 9 ,no4 #aj only 9 hav+ ! conjo9$ limbs 9 arm\r1 w be f\nd 9 our own ,engli% ,h]aldry to be ! armorial ensign ( ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 8 ,h&-book ( ,engrav$ ,gems1 ,mr4 ,k+ ma9ta9s t ! devices on ! signets ( ! anci5ts 7 bo? h]$it>y & unalt]able1 l our armorial be>+s2 b1 at ! same "t1 he admits t ! armorial be>+s1 :i* appe> on ! %ields ( ! ,grecian h]oes 9 ! mo/ anci5t pictures extant1 ! ,vase-pa9t+s1 seem to h be5 assum$ at ! caprice ( ! individual1 l ! knight's cognisances at t\rnam5ts 9 ! days ( *ivalry1 & n to h be5 h]$it>y4 --,h&-book1 page #baf4 ,almo/ imm$iately1 h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,k+ adds1 t traditions exi/ :i* repres5t ! my?ic h]oes be>+ engrav$ on _! signets ! same devices t decorat$ _! %ields4 ,x w\ld seem t ! argum5t f su* traditions w\ld r indicate ! signet-devices to h be5 arbitr>y1 ?an ! %ield-devices to h be5 unalt]able4 ,:ile ,i readily admit ! v int]e/+ devices ( antiquity to possess decid$ h]aldic attributes1 ,i _c consid] ,mr4 ,k+ to h %[n t1 z a g5]al rule1 !y 7 held by ! anci5ts !mselves to h be5 ei!r unalt]able or h]$it>y4 ,possibly1 fur!r light may be ?r[n ^u ! h]$it>y quality ( anci5t ,h]aldry3 b1 ,i c]ta9ly d n expect to see any evid5ce adduc$1 :i* w\ld e/abli% a l9e ( desc5t connect+ ! ,m$ival ,h]aldry ( ,engl& ) any h]aldic sy/em ( classic antiquity4 ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #g-aj4--;,anci5t ,%ields f ,greek ,vases4 ,?is ,h]aldry ( ,antiquity is to be reg>d$ z ! pr$ecessor1 & n z ! ance/or ( ! ,h]aldry ( ,engl&4 ,!re may be mu* t is common to bo?2 b1 !re is no?+ to %[ ! lat] sy/em to h be5 a l9eal desc5dant f ! e>li]4 ,x w\ld seem mu* m likely t ,h]aldry1 :5 x _h be5 evolv$1 adopt$ ready made ! emblems ( an old] civilisation = its own purpose1 (t5 appropriat+ at ! same "t ! symbolism atta*+ to ! emblems4 ,! ,h]aldry1 !re=e1 t has fl\ri%$1 decl9$1 & n[ is 9 ! act ( reviv+ 9 our own c\ntry 9 almo/ ! full vig\r ( its be/ days1 ,i %all treat z an indep5d5t sci5ce1 proce$+ f a s+le s\rce1 & f !nce fl[+ onw>ds ) v>i$ =tunes1 side by side ) ! *equ]$ *ronicles ( ,engl&4 ,9 ! c\rse ( its progress f ! palmy days ( ,,edw>d ,,iii41 x has _h to enc\nt]1 9 a degree )\t prec$5t or p>allel1 t mo/ pa9ful & mis*iev\s ( trials--! excessive admiration ( injudici\s fri5ds4 ,h5ce1 ,h]aldry 0 br\ght into disrepute1 & ev5 into contempt1 by ! v p]sons :o lov$ x ) a g5u9e b a mo/ unwise love4 ,9 process ( "t1 no nons5se appe>$ too extravagant1 & no fable too wild1 to be engraft$ ^u ! grave dignity ( ! ,h]ald's e>ly sci5ce4 ,bett] times at l5g? h succe$$4 ,h]aldry n[ has fri5ds & admir]s1 zeal\s z ( old1 ^: zeal is guid$ aright by a s\nd judgm5t 9 alliance ) a pure ta/e4 ,v mu* already has be5 accompli%$ to sweep away ! amaz+ mass ( absurdities & errors :i* _h ov]:elm$ our ,engli% ,h]aldry1 by su* m5 z ,ni*olas1 ,ni*ols1 ,c\r?ope1 ,seton1 ,plan*1 ,wal=d1 ,montagu1 & ,l[]3 & ! good "w goes on & prosp]s1 ) ! mo/ *e]+ assurances ( complete & triumphant success4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,h]aldic ,,au?orities ,seals3 ,monum5tal ,effigies1 c43 ,rolls ( ,arms1 ,(ficial ,h]aldic ,records1 c4-- ,e>lie/ ,h]aldic ,%ields & ,bann]s-- ,allusive ,quality ( ,e>ly ,armory-- ,attribut$ ,arms4 ,let u beg9 at ! beg9n+4 --,,pursuivant ,,( ,,arms4 ,at ! head ( ! e>lie/ exi/+ au?orities 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry are ,,seals4 ,to ! =tunate circum/ance ( ! legal importance atta*$ to !m we are indebt$ = ! pres]vation ( ^! equally int]e/+ & valuable relics1 9 great v>iety & 9 v consid]able numb]s4 ,! h]aldic evid5ce ( ,seals is necess>ily ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,!y are orig9al works1 possess+ contemporane\s au?ority4 ,produc$ ) peculi> c>e & approv$ by _! fir/ possessors1 _! orig9al au!nticity is confirm$ by _! cont9u$ use ?r\gh successive g5]ations4 ,hav+ be5 9 use be=e ! introduction & adoption ( ,h]aldry 9 ,engl&1 ,seals enable u to comp>e ! devices t prec$$ true ,h]aldry ) ! e>lie/ t are truly h]aldic3 & ?us !y %[ t1 9 _m in/ances1 regul> coats-(-arms 7 d]iv$ 9 _! h]$it>y be>+s f simil> devices t _h be5 adopt$ 9 ! same families be=e ! h]aldic era4 ,= example3 ! ,seal ( ,john ,mundegumri1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #aage1 be>s a s+le fleur-de-lys1 n plac$ ^u a %ield2 &1 accord+ly1 "h is se5 ! orig9 ( ! ?ree gold5 fleurs-de-lys1 borne aft]w>ds ^u a blue %ield by ! desc5dants ( ?is ,john1 ! ,montgom]ies1 ,e>ls ( ,egl9t\n4 ,aga93 ! ,seal ( ,walt] ,innes1 ,a4,d4 #adca1 displays ! %ield ( arms ( 8 h\se--?ree blue mullets 7/>s g5]ally ( five rays7 on a field ( silv]1 ,no4 #aa2 & ^! mullets may be trac$ to ! s+le />1 t appe>s on ! ,seal ( ,william ,innes1 or ,de ,ynays1 ,no4 #ab1 app5d$ to 8 de$ ( homage to ,edw>d ,i41 9 ! ye> #abie4 ,i h select$ ^! examples f ! ,catalogue ( ,scotti% ,seals1 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,la+1 ( ,ed9burgh1 t ,i may be enabl$ "h to ref] 9 ! highe/ t]ms ( admir+ comm5dation to t mo/ excell5t "w4 ,x is greatly to be desir$ t a correspond+ publication %\ld treat1 ) equal ability1 ( ! ,seals ( ,engl& :i*1 f ! dawn ( ,h]aldry1 cont9ue _! admirable examples & illu/rations ?r\gh\t its c>e]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aa4--,seal ( ,walt] ,innes4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ab4--,seal ( ,wm4 ,innes4 ,monum5tal ,effigies1 ,sepul*ral ,memorials1 e>ly ,build+s1 & e>ly ,/a9$ ,glass1 frequ5tly are ri* 9 au?oritative examples ( ! figures ( ,h]aldry4 ,9 addition to ! v>i\s =ms & comb9ations ( h]aldic composition1 ^! works illu/rate ! e>ly /yle ( draw+ 9 fav\r ) ,h]alds dur+ ! great eras ( m$ival ,art1 & !y h pres]v$ to u mo/ useful & sugge/ive repres5tations ( v>i\s devices 9 _! prop] h]aldic aspect4 ,9 _m in/ances ! ,h]aldry ( e>ly ,monum5ts & ,ar*itecture possesses a peculi> value1 aris+ f ! circum/ance ( ! %ields ( arms & o!r insignia hav+ be5 sculptur$ 9 l[ relief or outl9$ 9 incis$ l9es1 & consequ5tly ^! devices & compositions reta9 _! orig9al =ms3 &1 9 l mann]1 ! orig9al col\r+ ( ! ,h]aldry ( ,/a9$ ,glass rema9s safe f re/oration or de/ruction1 9 consequ5ce ( ! impossibility ( re-pa9t+ x4 ,! e>ly writt5 ,lit]ature ( ,engli% ,h]aldry is calculat$ to ?r[ b little light ^u ei!r its true "* or its hi/ory4 ,9 addition1 h[ev]1 to ! v>i\s & num]\s (ficial docum5ts ( ! ,h]alds' ,college1 sev]al examples ( "o p>ticul> class ( h]aldic record h be5 pres]v$1 ! value ( :i* _c be too highly e/imat$4 ,^! are ,,rolls ,,( ,,arms--long1 n>r[ /rips ( p>*m5t1 on :i* are writt5 li/s ( ! names & titles ( c]ta9 p]sonages1 ) full descriptions ( _! armorial insignia4 ,! circum/ances "u :i* ^! ,rolls 7 prep>$ are obvi\sly n id5tical & = ! mo/ "p unkn[n3 b1 ! exact accuracy ( _! /atem5ts has be5 e/abli%$ beyond all "q by c>eful & repeat$ comp>ison ) ,seals & o!r ,monum5ts1 & also ) ,docum5ts :i* give only an indirect & yet n ! less conclusive corroboration to ! records ( ! ,rolls ( ,arms !mselves4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! ,rolls at pres5t kn[n date ab\t ,a4,d4 #abdj to #abde2 & s9ce 9 ^! e>lie/ ,rolls a v decid$ te*nical language is uni=mly adopt$1 & ! descriptions are all giv5 9 palpable accordance ) fix$ rules :i* mu/ !n h be5 well und]/ood1 we inf] t by ! end ( ! fir/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury !re 0 9 exi/5ce a sy/em = ! regulation ( su* matt]s4 ,h]aldry 0 p]haps recognis$ z a ,sci5ce1 ) fix$ t]ms & rules = describ+ h]aldic devices & figures1 & e/abli%$ laws to direct ! grant+1 ! assum+1 & ! be>+ ( arms4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! e>ly h]aldic ,rolls records1 9 a metrical =m1 & 9 ,norman-,fr5*1 ! siege & capture ( ! =tress ( ,c>lav]ock1 on ! ,scotti% bord]1 by ,,edw>d ,i41 9 ! ye> #acjj4 ,9 addition to v curi\s descriptions ( ! mu/] ( ! ,royal troops at ,c>lisle1 _! m>* nor?w>ds1 & ! incid5ts ( ! siege 7:i* la/ h a /range resemblance to :at ,hom] has record$ ( incid5ts t took place dur+ ! siege ( ,troy71 ?is ,roll gives "s graphic p]sonal sket*es ( ! pr9ces1 nobles1 bann]ets1 & knights1 ^: bann]s & %ields ( arms are set =? 9 x ) m9ute exactness4 ,?is ,roll1 z well z sev]al o!rs1 has be5 publi%$1 ) translations & v valuable notes4 ,9 ! ,manuscript ,collections ( ! ,briti% ,museum also1 & ( o!r ,libr>ies bo? public & private1 & 9 ! ,c\nty ,hi/ories1 & o!r works ( a cognate "*1 !re are _m docum5ts :i* conta9 v>i\s important records & illu/rations ( e>ly ,engli% ,h]aldry4 ,9 any ref]5ces to au?orities1 t x may appe> desirable = me to make 9 ! c\rse ( ?is & ! foll[+ *apt]s1 ,i mu/ be z concise z possible4 ,a direct ref]5ce to ,seals1 ,effigies1 c41 w be necess>y 9 ea* case3 b1 9 ref]r+ to ,rolls ( ,arms1 x w be suffici5t to d5ote ! p]iod ( ! au?ority 9 g5]al t]ms4 ,accord+ly1 ,i %all ref]1 n to ea* p>ticul> ,roll1 b collectively to ^? ( ea* ( ! foll[+ reigns--,,h5ry ,,iii41 ,,edw>d ,i41 ,,edw>d ,,ii41 ,,edw>d ,,iii41 & ,,ri*>d ,,ii42 & ^! ref]5ces w sev]ally be made ?us1--7,h4 #c71 7,e4 #a71 7,e4 #b71 7,e4 #c71 & 7,r4 #b74 ,among/ ! e>lie/ ,%ields & ,bann]s ( ,arms1 all ( !m rem>kable = _! simplicity1 _m are f\nd to be )\t any device :atev]1 _! di/9ction consi/+ simply 9 "s peculi>ity 9 ! col\r+4 ,su* examples may be consid]$ to h be5 d]iv$ f pre-h]aldic times1 & transmitt$1 )\t any *ange or addition1 to lat] p]iods4 ,! r5[n$ ,bann] ( ! ,knights ,templ>s1 by !m call$ ,beauseant1 ,no4 #ac1 is black above & :ite bel[1 :i* is said to h d5ot$ t1 :ile fi]ce to _! foes1 !y 7 graci\s to _! fri5ds4 ,an anci5t ,bann] ( ! ,e>l ( ,leice/] 7,h4 #c7 is :ite & r$1 ! division be+ made by a v]tical ind5t$ l9e2 ,no4 #ad4 ,?is design1 h[ev]1 0 n ! coat ( arms ( ! e>l4 ,! ,%ield ( ! ducal ,h\se ( ,brittany1 closely connect$ ) ! ,royal ,family ( ,engl&1 is simply ( ! fur erm9e2 ,no4 #ae4 ,! ,%ield ( ,waldegrave is silv] & r$1 z 9 ,no4 #af3 & t ( ,fitz ,w>9e 7,h4 #c71 also ( silv] & r$1 is treat$ z 9 ,no4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ac4--;,bann] ( ,templ>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ad4--;,bann] ( ,leice/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ae4--;,brittany4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #af4--,waldegrave4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ag4--;,fitz ,w>9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ah4--,%ield at ,:itwor?4 ,"s ( ! e>lie/ ( ! simple devices ( true ,h]aldry 7 evid5tly adopt$ f ! /ructural =mation 7or f a /ructural /r5g!n+7 ( ! ,%ields1 on :i* !y 7 display$4 ,?us1 a rais$ bord]1 & b&s ( metal v>i\sly dispos$ 9 ord] to imp>t additional /r5g? to a %ield1 ) di/9ct col\r+1 w\ld produce a s]ies ( h]aldic compositions4 ,a good example occurs 9 ! %ield ( an e>ly ,effigy at ,:itwor?1 ,durham1 ,no4 #ah1 9 :i* ! heads ( ! rivets or screws employ$ to fix ! bord] on ! %ield1 appe> to h be5 made to assume ! "* ( h]aldic additions to ! simple bord] & horizontal b&s4 ,o!r prim>y devices ( ! same simple ord]1 :i* 9 l mann] may h _h a /ructural orig91 ,i %all consid] 9 detail 9 subsequ5t *apt]s4 7,see p>ticul>ly ,*apt] ,,vi47 ,! c5tral boss1 at once an appropriate ornam5t ( an e>ly %ield1 & an important addition to its def5sive qualities1 :5 ext5d$ 9 ! =m ( decorative metal-"w1 w\ld readily sugge/ a v>iety ( h]aldic figures1 & among/ o!rs sev]al beautiful modifications ( a simple cruci=m device :i* x might be made to assume4 ,! figure call$ an esc>buncle1 ,no4 #ai1 is simply a %ield-boss develop$ into decorative /ructural metal-"w4 ,?is figure appe>s 9 ! ,temple ,*ur*1 ,london1 ^u ! %ield ( an ,effigy1 :i* ,mr4 ,j4 ,g\gh ,ni*ols has %[n to h be5 incorrectly attribut$ to ,ge(frey de ,m&eville1 ,e>l ( ,essex4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ai4--,! ,esc>buncle4 ,! great] numb] ( ! e>lie/ devices t appe> 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry 7 adopt$ = ! express purpose ( _! hav+ "s allusive association1 ?r\gh a simil>ity ( s\nd 9 _! own names or descriptions ) ! names & titles or ! t]ritories ( c]ta9 p]sons1 dignities1 & places4 ,9 exact accordance ) ! pr9ciples & aim ( primitive m$ival ,h]aldry1 & 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! s5tim5ts & requirem5ts ( ! age 9 :i* x grew up into a sci5ce1 devices ( ?is k9d address$ !mselves 9 v pla9 & expressive language to ! m5 ( _! own era4 ,9 !m !y saw ! k9d ( symbolical writ+ t !y c\ld rememb]1 z well z und]/&4 ,!y also evid5tly lik$ ! qua9t /yle ( sugge/iv5ess t 0 a *>act]i/ic ( ^! allusive devices3 &1 x is m ?an probable t !re frequ5tly lurk$ 9 !m a humor\s significance1 :i* by no means t5d$ to detract f _! popul>ity4 ,devices ( ?is same ord] h nev] ceas$ to be 9 fav\r ) ,h]alds & lov]s ( ,h]aldry4 ,!y 7 us$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury at lea/ z commonly z 9 ! ?irte5?2 b1 z w\ld be expect$1 9 ! lat] p]iod !y (t5 became complicat$1 f>-fet*$1 & extravagant4 ,?is allusive quality1 di/+ui%$ 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry z cant+1 has commonly be5 misund]/ood1 & !re=e incorrectly e/imat$1 by mod]n writ]s1 :o h suppos$ x to be a fanta/ic conceit ( ! ,h]alds ( a deg5]ate age4 ,by writ]s su* z ^!1 accord+ly1 all cant+ arms 7by ,fr5* ,h]alds call$ armes p>lantes7 h be5 absurdly assign$ to a sep>ate class1 9 _! e/imation hav+ an inf]ior h]aldic grade4 ,! preval5ce ( ! allusive quality 9 e>ly arms may be assum$ to h be5 ev5 m g5]al ?an is n[ app>5t1 s9ce s _m ( ! orig9al e*oes & allusions h become obscur$ or altoge!r lo/ 9 ! lapse ( "t1 & ?r\gh ! *anges t h tak5 place s9ce ! accession ( ,,h5ry ,,iii4 9 ! ,fr5* language & 9 our own also4 ,! use ( ! ,lat9 language1 aga91 9 ! ,middle ,ages l$1 at lat] p]iods1 to translations ( names2 ,fr5* names1 too1 7 translat$ 9 ! same mann] into ,engli% equival5ts3 &1 at o!r times1 ! s\nd ( a ,lat9 or a ,fr5* 7,anglo-,norman7 "n 0 transf]r$ to an ,engli% repres5tative hav+ a some:at simil> s\nd1 )\t ! slighte/ ref]5ce to ! orig9al signification4 ,:o1 = example1 9 ! "n ( ,,montagu n[ recognises in/9ctively ! orig9al allusion to a m\nta9 ) its %>ply peak$ cre/s1 & s disc]ns ! probable allusive orig9 ( ! %>p triple po9ts ( ! devices on ! old ,montacute %ield1 ,no4 #bj8 ,x is easy to see h[ mu* mu/ h be5 unconsci\sly done1 by su* *anges 9 names & _! associations1 to oblit]ate :at once 0 cle>1 significant1 & expressive4 ,i mu/ be cont5t "h to give1 simply by way ( explanatory illu/ration1 a v few examples ( allusive arms2 &1 9 s do+1 x may be well = me to obs]ve t ! e>ly ,h]alds ( our c\ntry always employ$ ! ,fr5* language z x 0 spok5 9 _! own times 9 ,engl& z well z 9 ,france4 ,9 ! "t ( ,,h5ry ,,iii41 ,g4 de ,lucy has = 8 arms ?ree lucies--fi% n[ kn[n z pike3 ,rob]t ,qu5cy has a qu9tefueil--a fl[] ( five leaves3 ,?os4 ,corbett has two corbeaux--rav5s3 ,a4 de ,swyneburne has trois te/es de s5gli]--?ree heads ( ! wild bo>1 or sw9e3 7,e4 #b71 ,sir ,r4 de ,es*ales has six escallops--%ells3 ,sir ,g4 de ,tromp9t\n1 ( ,trump+ton1 ne> ,cambridge1 has two trompes--trumpets3 ,sir ,j4 ,bord\n has ?ree b\rdons--pilgrim's /aves3 ,sir ,g4 ,rossel has ?ree roses3 & ,sir ,o4 ,h]on has ! same numb] ( h]ons4 ,s also1 = ! ,spani% prov9ces ,ca/ile & ,leon1 a ca/le & a lion3 = ,falcon]1 a falcon3 ,butl]1 cups3 ,=e/]1 bugle-horns3 ,arundel1 hirondelles--swall[s3 ,w+field1 w+s3 ,%elley1 %ells3 ,pigot1 pick-axes3 ,leveson1 leaves3 & ,m>tel1 m>tels--hamm]s4 ,! ,broom-plant ) its se$-pods1 9 ,lat9 ,planta g5i/a1 ,no4 #ba1 gave its "n to ! ,,plantag5et ,dyna/y4 ,i %all h]eaft] add sev]al o!r curi\s examples ( devices ( ?is class1 :5 treat+ ( ,badges1 ,rebuses1 & ,mottoes4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bj4--,%ield ( ,montacute4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ba4--,planta ,g5i/a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bb4--,,william ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bc4--,saxon ,pr9ces4 ,!re is "o class ( e>ly arms1 :i* x is important t /ud5ts ( ,armory %\ld obs]ve ) especial c>e1 le/ !y be l$ by !m into unexpect$ errors4 ,^! are arms t 7 inv5t$ aft] ,h]aldry _h be5 e/abli%$1 & !n 7 assign$ to p]sonages ( hi/orical em95ce :o _h liv$ & di$ be=e ! true h]aldic era4 ,9 ! days 9 :i* e p]son ( prom95ce bore h]aldic arms1 & :5 ,h]aldry _h atta9$ to high r5[n1 x 0 natural en\gh to consid] t suitable armorial devices & compositions %\ld be assign$ to ! m5 ( m>k 9 e>li] ages1 bo? to di/+ui% !m 9 accordance ) ! usage !n preval5t1 & to treat _! memory ) becom+ hon\r4 ,su* arms 7 also 9 a s5se necess>y to _! desc5dants = ! purposes ( qu>t]+4 ,no pro( c be %[n t ! arms said to h be5 borne by ,,william ,,! ,,conqu]or are n ( ?is ord]--made = him1 t is1 & attribut$ to him 9 aft] times1 b ( :i* he himself _h no k4 ,^! arms1 ,no4 #bb1 diff] f ! true ,royal ,insignia ( ,engl& only 9 !re be+ two1 in/ead ( ?ree1 lions display$ ^u ! %ield4 ,! arms ( ,,edw>d ,,! ,,confessor1 ,no4 #b1 7 c]ta9ly devis$ long aft] 8 dea?1 & !y appe> to h be5 sugge/$ to ! h]alds ( ,,h5ry ,,iii4 by "o ( ! ,confessor's co9s3 ! %ield is blue1 & ! cross & five birds 7m>tlets7 are gold4 ,9 l mann]1 ! arms attribut$ to ! e>li] ,saxon ,sov]eigns ( ,engl&1 ,no4 #bc1 a gold cross ^u blue1 are really n e>li] ?an ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! arms1 ,no4 #b1 hav+ be5 assign$ to ,,/4 ,,edw>d1 a patron sa9t ( m$ival ,engl&1 7 long reg>d$ ) peculi> rev]5ce4 ,i h plac$ !m1 drawn f a f9e %ield ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 to take a "p 9 =m+ a gr\p at ! head ( my ,preface1 ) ! %ields ( ! two o!r sa9tly ,patrons ( old ,engl&1 ,,/4 ,,george & ,,/4 ,,edmund1 ,no4 #a & ,no4 #c--;a r$ cross on a silv] %ield1 & ?ree gold5 cr[ns ^u a %ield ( blue4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,! ,engli% ,h]aldry t is n[ 9 exi/5ce-- ,fir/ ,debasem5t ( ,h]aldry-- ,lat] ,debasem5t-- ,revival ( ,engli% ,h]aldry-- ,h]aldic ,art4 ,sans *ang]4 --,,motto ,,( ,,/anley4 ,engli% ,h]aldry1 z x exi/s among/ u 9 our own times1 is ! v same ,h]aldry t fl\ri%$ "u ! k9dly influ5ces ( ! greate/ ( ! ,plantag5ets1 ?\gh p]haps modifi$ 9 "s details by *ang$ circum/ances4 ,x is n ( a new1 b ( ! old1 ,h]aldry ( ,engl& t ,i am sett+ =? ! elem5ts4 ,our ,h]aldry has _h to pass f good days to bad ones3 &1 hav+ gone ?r\gh ! wor/ ( bad days1 ! circle at l5g? has revolv$1 s t we are witness+ ! happy *ange ( a vigor\s h]aldic revival4 ,h]aldry already enjoys a v great popul>ity2 &1 )\t a d\bt1 x w become /ill m popul>1 9 ! degree t x is bett] & m g5]ally und]/ood4 ,= its complete ultimate success1 ! pres5t revival ( true ,engli% ,h]aldry mu/ ma9ly dep5d ^u ! mann] 9 :i* we apply ! lessons t may be le>n$ by u1 no less f ! w>n+s ( ! rec5t evil days ( ! sci5ce1 ?an f ! example ( ! brilliant ones t prec$$ !m long ago4 ,nor %\ld we deal fai?fully ) our reviv$ ,h]aldry1 7 we n to =m a j e/imate ( :atev] 0 imp]fect 9 ! be/ era ( its e>ly hi/ory1 9 ord] to apply to pres5t improvem5t ! lessons t ?us also may be le>n$4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ! ,h]alds & ,h]aldic writ]s ( ! #ag? c5tury1 foll[+ ! foot/eps ( "s ( _! imm$iate pr$ecessors1 l$ ! way t[>ds ! ?or\gh debasem5t ( _! own sci5ce4 ,_! example 0 n )\t effect ^u ^? :o foll[$ !m--m5 q equal to ! p]petration ( :atev] _h n be5 already done to br+ ,h]aldry into contempt4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ fir/1 by gravely disc\rs+1 9 e>ly h]aldic language1 ^u ! imag9>y ,h]aldry ( ! patri>*al & ant$iluvian wor?ies3 mak+ a true coat ( arms ( ,joseph's coat ( _m col\rs1 giv+ armorial ensigns to ,david & ,gideon1 to ,samson & ,jo%ua1 to t wor?y g5tilman ,japhe?1 to ,jubal & ,tubal-,ca91 & cr[n+ ! :ole by decl>+ t our common prog5itor1 ,adam1 bore on 8 own r$ %ield ,eve's %ield ( silv]1 aft] ! m$ival fa%ion t w\ld d5ote 8 wife to h be5 an heiress6 ,!n !re set 9 a flood ( allegorical & fanta/ic absurdities1 by :i* ! fair doma9 ( ,h]aldry 0 absolutely ov]:elm$4 ,wild & /range speculations1 9 a truly va9 philosophy1 int]wov5 ) di/ort$ images ( bo? ! my?s & ! v]itable records ( classic antiquity1 7 ei!r d$uc$ f armorial blazonry1 or set =? z ! s\rces f :5ce x 0 develop$4 ,fables & anecdotes1 hav+ ref]5ce to less remote eras1 7 produc$ 9 great v>iety & 9 copi\s abundance4 ,! pres5ce 9 blazon ( animat$ be+s ( :atsoev] k9ds1 :e!r real or fabul\s1 l$ to rambl+ disquisitions 9 ! mo/ ludicr\sly unnatural ( imag9>y ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,f e v>iety also ( inanimate figure & device1 ! simple/ no less ?an ! m elaborate1 aft] ! same fa%ion "s moral 0 s\ght to be extract$4 ,! te*nical language1 too1 ( ! e>ly ,h]alds1 _h its expressive simplicity trave/i$ by a complicat$ j>gon1 replete ) m>vell\s ass]tions1 absurd doctr9es1 cov]t allusions devoid ( consi/5t significance1 qua9t & yet trivial conceits1 & bomba/ic rhapsodies4 ,ev5 ! nom5clature ( ! ,t9ctures 0 n exempt f a *>act]i/ic c\rse ( treatm5t1 two di/9ctive additional sets ( titles = gold1 silv]1 blue1 r$1 c41 hav+ be5 devis$ & sub/itut$ = ^? 9 g5]al use 7see ,*apt] ,v472 ( ^! ! "o set 0 d]iv$ f ! names ( ! ,planets1 & employ$ to emblazon ! insignia ( ,sov]eign ,pr9ces2 & ! o!r set1 d]iv$ f ! names ( ,jewels1 0 appli$ to ! arms ( ,nobles4 ,9 ! mid/ ( all ! rubbi%1 h[ev]1 :i* !y ?us delight$ to accumulate1 !re may g5]ally be discov]$ 9 ! works ( writ]s ( ?is class1 "h & !re1 ref]5ces to e>li] usages & illu/rations ( orig9al pr9ciples :i*1 9 ! extreme de>? ( g5u9e e>ly h]aldic lit]ature1 are bo? int]e/+ & ( real value4 ,nor are ^! writ+s )\t _! value1 e/imat$ f ano!r po9t ( view1 z contemporane\s & unconsci\s comm5t>ies ^u ! hi/ory ( _! own times4 ,x mu/ be add$ t1 9 m ?an a few in/ances1 b5ea? ! surface !re lurks a ve9 ( bo? political & p]sonal allusion1 ( :i* ! po9t & be>+ n[ are altoge!r lo/1 or at ! mo/ are only op5 to conjecture & surmise4 ,&1 aga91 ev5 9 _! mo/ extravagant & frivol\s lucubrations1 ! h]aldic writ]s ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies are n )\t t\*es ( hum\r2 z :5 ,g]>d ,legh 7,a4,d4 #aefb71 disc\rs+ ( bea/es1 rem>ks ( ! ,ramme t 9 auc?oritye he is a ,duke1 = hee ha? ! leadyng ( multitudes & flockes ( 8 own kynde2 & ( ! ass1 ,i c\ld write mu* ( ?is bea/e1 b t x might be ?\ght x 7 to m9e own glorie4 ,! adoption ( additional qu>t]+s = ! purpose ( display1 & ! introduction ( m complicat$ compositions 9 ! "t ( ,,h5ry ,,viii41 7 spe$ily foll[$ by ! sub/itution ( pictorial repres5tations1 (t5 ( a mo/ frivol\s & inconsi/5t "*1 & _m ( !m altoge!r un9telligible )\t writt5 explanations1 in/ead ( ! simple1 dignifi$1 & expressive insignia ( true ,h]aldry4 ,= example1 9 ! ye> #agfj1 a grant ( arms 0 made to a ,l9coln%ire family nam$ ,tetl[1 :i*1 ) ?irte5 o!r figures1 includes ! repres5tation ( a book duly clasp$ & ornam5t$1 hav+ on x a silv] p5ny2 :ile above ! book re/s a dove1 hold+ 9 its beak a cr[-quill6 ,?is 0 to commemorate "o ( ! family hav+1 ) a cr[-quill1 actually a*iev$ ! exploit ( writ+ ! ,"l's ,pray] )9 ! compass ( a silv] p5ny4 ,among/ ! mo/ objectionable ( ! arms ( ?is class are ^? :i* 7 grant$ to di/+ui%$ naval & milit>y (fic]s--arms1 t c]ta9ly ought to h conf]r$ fre% hon\r on illu/ri\s names1 in/ead ( inflict+ di%on\r ^u ,h]aldry itself4 ,battles by sea & l&1 l&scapes & sea views & =tifi$ cities1 flags ( all k9ds1 ) m$als & ribbons1 all ( !m int]mix$ ) devices n q s unh]aldic1 ab\nd 9 ^! extravagant compositions4 ,! arms ( ,"l ,nelson1 & /ill m rec5tly ^? ( ,g5]al ,"l ,g\gh1 may be specifi$ z flagrant examples ( ?is deg5]ate pictorial ,h]aldry4 ,! ,duke ( ,well+ton happily escap$ a simil> infliction4 ,x w\ld be b too easy to enum]ate o!r equally inconsi/5t & unh]aldic compositions3 b1 ,i mu/ be cont5t to ref] only to ! armorial %ield grant$ to ! great a/ronom]1 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 on :i* is display$ 8 =ty-foot reflect+ telescope1 ) all its app>atus6 ,^!1 & all su* violations ( h]aldic tru? & consi/5cy1 ?\gh 9 "s in/ances !y are ( v rec5t date1 are n[ to be assign$ to a clos$ *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% ,h]aldry4 ,b 9 consid]+ !m x mu/ n be =gott5 t ?is k9d ( grant 0 n conf9$ to ?is c\ntry1 b fl\ri%$ to a /ill great] ext5t abroad4 ,9 our pres5t revival ( ,engli% ,h]aldry1 x is ess5tial t we impress ^u our m9ds a correct conception ( ! tw(old "* ( all ,h]aldry--t x is a ,sci5ce1 & also t x is an ,art4 ,we h to v9dicate ! reputation ( our ,h]aldry1 z well 9 ! "o capacity z 9 ! o!r4 ,( v noble h]aldic ,art we happily possess orig9al examples 9 great numb]s1 :i* h be5 bequea!d to u1 z a preci\s inh]itance1 f ! brave days ( old4 ,! /yle ( ,art t we see exemplifi$ 9 ^! e>ly au?orities we may accept almo/ unres]v$ly z our own /yle2 & we mu/ aspire to sympa?ise he>tily ) _! g5u9e h]aldic feel+4 ,9 our repres5tation1 also1 ( almo/ all inanimate & natural objects 9 our own armorial compositions1 z a g5]al rule1 we may tru/ confid5tly to ! same good guidance4 ,! e>ly me?od ( repres5tation1 inde$1 mu/ =m ! basis ( our sy/em ( treatm5t2 &1 we may fai?fully adh]e to ?is rule1 & yet occasionally we may f9d x to be desirable t ! =m & ! accessories ( "s devices %\ld be adapt$ to mod]n associations4 ,9 tru?1 x is n by m]ely copy+ ! works ( ev5 ! greate/ ( ! e>ly h]aldic arti/s1 t we are to become ma/]s 9 h]aldic ,art4 ,:5 ! copies are good1 copy+ is always valuable1 z a bran* ( /udy2 b1 if x be our highe/ & only aim to reproduce ! expressions ( o!r m5's ?\ghts1 !n copy+ is worse ?an wor?less4 ,:at we h to d is to express our h]aldic ,art 9 ! _s ( ! e>ly ,h]alds1 to keep x 9 h>mony ) :at1 9 ! be/ ( ! e>ly days1 !y w\ld h accept$ z ! highe/ h]aldic ,art1 & at ! same "t to %[ t our h]aldic ,art 9 v tru? is our own4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bd4--,pr9ce ,,john ,,( ,,el?am1 ,a4,d4 #accf4 ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #be1 #bf4--;,badge ( ,,ri*>d ,,ii41 ,we/m9/] ,hall4 ,! treatm5t ( animate creatures 9 ,h]aldry requires a c]ta9 k9d1 & also a c]ta9 degree1 ( conv5tionalism4 ,"h1 z be=e1 9 ! e>ly ,h]alds we h excell5t ma/]s2 b1 "h we mu/ foll[ _! tea*+ ) m ( res]ve1 & ) cauti\s /eps4 ,we recognise ! happy consi/5cy ( ! conv5tionalism :i* !y display$ 9 _! repres5tation ( animate creatures1 )\t any purpose to adopt x 9 ! same degree ) !m4 ,_h ! e>ly ,h]alds be5 m famili> ) ! liv+ pres5ce ( ! v>i\s creatures t !y summon$ to ent] into _! s]vice1 )\t a d\bt !y w\ld h repres5t$ !m ) a mu* clos] con=mity to ,nature4 ,we mu/ apply our bett] k1 z we may feel confid5t ! e>ly ,h]alds w\ld h appli$ a simil> k _h !y be5 able to h acquir$ x4 ,h]aldic animals ( e k9d--lions1 eagles1 dolph9s1 & all o!rs--mu/ be s f> subject$ to a conv5tional treatm5t1 t !y w n exhibit a /rictly natural appe>ance3 &1 on ! o!r h&1 be+ c>efully pres]v$ f all exagg]at$ conv5tionalisms1 !y mu/ approa* z ne> to ,nature z a def9ite conv5tional r5d]+ ( natural tru? w admit4 ,! lions ( ! e>ly ,h]alds1 spirit$ bea/s always1 g5]ally %[ a decid$ disposition to exhibit _! h]aldic sympa?ies 9 excess4 ,!y h 9 !m r too mu* t is h]aldic conv5tionalism1 & n q en\gh t is natural lion4 ,&1 ) ! fir/ symptoms ( decl9e 9 h]aldic ,art1 ! treatm5t ( lions %[$ signs ( a t5d5cy to c>ry conv5tionalism to ! utmo/ extravagance4 ,! same rem>ks are applicable to eagles4 ,x mu/ be add$1 h[ev]1 t truly admirable examples ( h]aldic animals occasionally may be f\nd z late ev5 z ! comm5cem5t ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 z 9 ! *antry ( ,abbot ,ramryge1 9 ! ,abbey ,*ur* at ,/4 ,alban's1 & 9 ,k+'s ,college ,*apel at ,cambridge4 ,x mu/ be our c>e to bl5d toge!r ! true attributes ( ! liv+ lion & eagle1 & ^? also ( o!r liv+ creatures1 ) ! traditional peculi>ities ( _! h]aldic repres5tatives4 ,& we mu/ ext5d ! correspond+ application ( ! same pr9ciples ( treatm5t to imag9>y be+s & h]aldic mon/]s1 z !y occur 9 our ,h]aldry4 ,! %ield1 ,no4 #bd1 ( ,pr9ce ,,john ,,( ,,el?am1 y\ng] bro!r ( ,,edw>d ,,iii41 f9ely sculptur$ ) 8 effigy 9 alaba/]1 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey 7,a4,d4 #accf71 & 9 p]fect pres]vation1 gives u *>act]i/ic examples ( lions ( ! be/ h]aldic era1 _! frames1 att5uat$ z !y are1 be+ p]fect types ( fi]ce ela/icity4 ,) ?is %ield may be gr\p$ o!rs1 hav+ admirably sugge/ive examples ( h]aldic lions ( a some:at lat] date1 :i* are pres]v$ ^u ! monum5ts ( ,,edw>d ,,iii4 & ! ,,black ,,pr9ce1 sev]ally at ,we/m9/] & ,cant]bury4 ,i %all ref] to ^! f9e %ields aga91 & to o!r admirable examples ) !m1 h]eaft] 7,*apt] ,,ix474 ,! conv5tionalism 9 all ^! examples1 h[ev] felicit\s ! mann] 9 :i* x is treat$ 9 !m1 is v decid$ly exagg]at$4 ,^! examples1 & o!rs su* z ^!1 are n ! less valuable to u because _! tea*+ includes an illu/ration ( ! excesses t we mu/ always be c>eful to avoid4 ,i may "h obs]ve1 t on ! subject ( armorial ,art ,i leave my examples 7all ( !m select$ f ! mo/ *>act]i/ic au?orities1 & engrav$ ) scrupul\s fidelity7 = ! mo/ "p to convey _! own lessons & sugge/ions3 my own sugge/ion to /ud5ts be+ t1 9 su* liv+ creatures z !y may repres5t 9 _! compositions1 :ile !y are c>eful to pres]ve h]aldic consi/5cy & to express h]aldic feel+1 !y exhibit beauty ( =m c\pl$ ) fre$om ( action & an appropriate expression4 ,fre$om ( action ,i int5d to imply m ?an su* skilful draw+1 z w imp>t to any p>ticul> creature ! idea ( free movem5t ( frame & limb3 x ref]s also to repeat$ repres5tations ( ! same creature1 "u ! same h]aldic conditions ( motive & attitude4 ,&1 "h fre$om ( action implies ^? slight1 yet significant1 modifications ( m9or details :i*1 )\t 9 ! lea/ degree affect+ armorial tru?1 prev5t ev5 ! semblance ( monoton\s reit]ation4 ,?us1 at ,bev]ley1 9 ! ,p]cy ,%r9e 9 ! ,m9/]1 ^u a %ield ( ,engl& ! ?ree lions are all h]aldically ! same2 b1 !re is no?+ ( sam5ess 9 !m nev]!less1 because 9 ea* "o !re is "s little v>iety 9 ! turn ( ! head1 or 9 ! plac+ ( ! paws1 or 9 ! sweep ( ! tail4 ,& aga91 9 ,we/m9/] ,hall1 ! fav\rite badge ( ,ri*>d ,,ii41 a :ite h>t1 *a9$1 & 9 an attitude ( re/1 is repeat$ z _m z eighty-?ree times2 & all are equally consi/5t ) h]aldic tru? & accuracy1 )\t any "o ( !m be+ an exact c\nt]p>t ( any o!r4 ,9 ,nos4 #be & #bf two examples are %[n f ?is rem>kable s]ies ( repres5tations ( ?is beautiful badge1 ea* "o diff]5t f ! o!r1 & yet bo? really ! same4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry ,,section ,i ,! ,language ( ,h]aldry-- ,! ,nom5clature-- ,/yle & ,=ms ( ,expression-- ,blazon-- ,! ,%ield3 its ,p>ts1 ,po9ts1 ,divisions1 ,divid+ ,l9es1 ,v>ieties ( ,=m1 & ,h]aldic ,treatm5t4 ,! %ield hangs d[n on e brea/4 --,,"l ,,( ,,! ,,isles4 ,,! ,,language ,,( ,,h]aldry4--,! orig9al language ( ,engli% ,h]aldry 0 ! ,norman-,fr5*1 :i* may also be designat$ ,anglo-,norman1 habitually spok5 at ! ,c\rt ( ,engl& 9 ! e>ly h]aldic era4 ,aft] a :ile1 a mix$ language succe$$1 comp\nd$ ( ,engli% & ! orig9al ,norman-,fr5*2 & ?is mix$ language /ill cont9ues 9 use4 ,,nom5clature4--,l its language1 ! ,nom5clature ( ,engli% ,h]aldry is ( a mix$ "*1 9 "p te*nical & peculi> to itself1 & 9 "p ! same t is 9 common use4 ,?us1 _m ( ! figures & devices ( ,h]aldry h _! peculi> h]aldic names & titles1 :ile /ill m be> _! ord9>y designations4 ,descriptive t]ms1 :e!r express$ 9 ,engli% or 9 ,fr5* 7,anglo-,norman71 are g5]ally employ$ ) a special h]aldic int5tion & significance4 ,9 ! e>lie/ ,roll ( ,arms kn[n to be n[ 9 exi/5ce1 :i* 0 compil$ 7z appe>s f int]nal evid5ce7 betwe5 ! ye>s #abdj & #abde1 ! ,nom5clature is ! same t is f\nd 9 ,rolls & o!r h]aldic docum5ts ( a lat] date4 ,?is fact ( ! exi/5ce ( a def9ite ,nom5clature at t "t1 proves t be=e ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ! ,h]aldry ( ,engl& 0 subject to a sy/ematic c\rse ( treatm5t1 & _h become e/abli%$ & recognis$ z a di/9ct & indep5d5t ,sci5ce4 ,,/yle ,,& ,,=ms ,,( ,,expression4--,) ! ,nom5clature1 a settl$ ,/yle & c]ta9 fix$ te*nical ,=ms ( ,expression 7 introduc$ & accept$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury2 &1 s9ce t p]iod1 ! ,/yle & ,=ms ( ,expression h und]gone only su* comp>atively slight modifications z t5d$ to r5d] !m bo? m complete & m consi/5t4 ,z x 0 at ! fir/1 x /ill is ! ess5ce ( h]aldic language to be concise yet complete1 expressive1 & also ab\nd+ 9 sugge/ions4 ,n a syllable is express$ t is n absolutely necess>y2 n a syllable omitt$1 ! abs5ce ( :i* might possibly lead to any d\bt or unc]ta9ty4 ,9 ! m matur$ /yle1 ! repetition ( any important ^w 9 ! same s5t5ce is scrupul\sly avoid$2 &1 :]e x w\ld be requir$1 ano!r =m ( expression is sub/itut$ 9 its /ead4 ,mu* mean+ also is left to be impli$ & und]/ood1 ?r\gh inf]5ce1 ei!r bas$ ^u c]ta9 accept$ rules & e/abli%$ h]aldic usages = ! arrangem5t ( ! words & clauses ( a s5t5ce1 or d]iv$ f ! natural qualities & *>act]i/ic conditions ( c]ta9 figures & devices3 b1 no?+ is ev] left to be inf]r$ :5 an unc]ta9 inf]5ce might possibly be adopt$1 or t c be und]/ood cle>ly & ) c]ta9ty only by means ( an explicit /atem5t4 ,sup]flu\s words & p>ticles ( all k9ds are altoge!r omitt$4 ,descriptive epi!ts foll[ ! n\ns to :i* !y ref]3 z1 a r$ cross is /yl$ a cross gules4 ,! g5]al rules1 by :i* ! arrangem5t ( ! words 9 h]aldic descriptive s5t5ces is det]m9$1 w be f\nd 9 ! la/ subdivision ( ?is *apt]4 ,examples ( h]aldic ,language1 ,nom5clature1 ,/yle & ,=ms ( ,expression1 w be giv5 9 abundance ?r\gh\t ! foll[+ *apt]s & sections ( ?is treatise4 ,) ^! examples /ud5ts w d well to famili>ise !mselves3 !n1 let !m prep>e additional examples = t practice1 :i* 7z ,p>k]'s ,gloss>y ( ,h]aldry says1 p4 #fj7 alone w make p]fect1 by writ+ d[n correct descriptions ( h]aldic compositions f ! compositions !mselves2 aft] :i* process !y may advantage\sly rev]se ! ord] ( _! /udy1 & make draw+s ( ^! same 7or1 if !y pref] x1 ( "s o!r7 h]aldic compositions f _! own writt5 descriptions ( !m4 ,:5 any h]aldic description ( a figure1 device1 or composition has be5 complet$1 a /atem5t is made to signify ! p]son1 family1 community1 or realm ^: armorial ensign x may be4 ,?is is done by simply writ+ ! appropriate "n1 aft] ! la/ ^w ( ! description2 or1 by prefix+ ! ^w = be=e ! "n :5 x is plac$ 9 ! same position4 ,?us1 a description ( ! ?ree lions ( ,engl& is to be foll[$ by ! ^w--,,engl&2 or1 by ! =mula--= ,,engl&4 ,if pref]r$1 ) equal consi/5cy ! arrangem5t may be rev]s$1 & ! ,"n1 ) or )\t ! prefix =1 may prec$e ! description3 ?us--,,engl&1 or ,= ,,engl&1 ?ree lions1 c4 ,x is to be borne 9 remembrance1 t armorial ensigns are p]sonal inh]itances1 &--) ! exception ( ,sov]eign ,pr9ces--by comp>ison b v r>ely relate to ,titles & ,dignities4 ,,blazon1 ,,blazon+1 ,,blazonry4--,:5 a knight ent]$ ! li/s at a t\rnam5t1 8 pres5ce 0 ann\nc$ by s\nd ( trumpet or horn1 aft] :i* ! (fic]s ( arms1 ! (ficial ,h]alds1 decl>$ 8 armorial insignia--!y blazon$ 8 ,arms4 ,?is t]m1 to blazon1 d]iv$ f ! ,g]man ^w blas51 signify+ to bl[ a bla/ on a horn 7or1 z "o em95t ,g]man ,h]ald pref]s1 f ! old ,g]man ^w blaze or blasse1 a m>k or sign71 9 ,h]aldry really d5otes ei!r to describe any armorial figure1 device1 or composition 9 correct h]aldic language2 or to repres5t su* figure1 device1 or composition accurately 9 =m1 position1 arrangem5t1 & col\r+4 ,b1 z a matt] ( practical usage1 pictorial repres5tation is usually alli$ to ! ^w emblazon4 ,! ^w blazon also1 z a n\n1 may be employ$ ) a g5]al & compreh5sive signification to d5ote ,h]aldry4 ,,! ,,%ield3--,,its ,,p>ts1 ,,po9ts1 ,,& ,,divisions4--,_! ,%ield1 :i* ! knights ( ! ,middle ,ages d]iv$ f ! milit>y usage ( antiquity1 & :i* contribut$ 9 s important a degree to _! own def5sive equipm5t1 0 consid]$ by ^? arm\r-clad w>riors to be peculi>ly qualifi$ to display _! h]aldic blazonry4 ,&1 9 lat] times1 :5 arm\r _h ceas$ to be worn1 & :5 %ields no long] 7 actually us$1 a ,%ield cont9u$ to be reg>d$ z ! mo/ appropriate vehicle = ! same display4 ,! ,%ield1 !n1 :i* ) its armorial devices con/itutes a ,%ield ( ,arms1 always is consid]$ to display its blazonry ^u its face or ext]nal surface4 ,?is blazon$ surface ( 8 %ield ! be>]1 :5 hold+ x be=e 8 p]son1 pres5ts 7or w\ld pres5t1 7 he s to hold x7 t[>ds ^? :o confront him4 ,! "r & ! left sides ( ! p]son ( ! be>] ( a ,%ield1 consequ5tly1 are cov]$ by ! "r & left 79 h]aldic language1 ! dext] & s9i/]7 sides ( 8 %ield3 & s1 f ?is x foll[s t ! dext] & s9i/] sides ( a ,%ield ( ,arms are sev]ally opposite to ! left & ! "r h&s ( all obs]v]s4 ,! ,p>ts & ,po9ts ( an h]aldic ,%ield1 :i* is also entitl$ an ,escut*eon1 are ?us di/+ui%$3-- ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bg4 ,no4 #bg4 ,a1 ,! *ief3 ,b1 ,! ,base3 ,c1 ,! ,dext] ,side3 ,d1 ,! ,s9i/] ,side3 ,e1 ,! ,dext] ,*ief3 ,f1 ,! ,s9i/] ,*ief3 ,g1 ,! ,middle ,*ief3 ,h1 ,! ,dext] ,base3 ,i1 ,! ,s9i/] ,base3 ,k1 ,! ,middle ,base3#b ,l1 ,! ,hon\r ,po9t3 ,m1 ,! ,fesse ,po9t4 ,footnote #b3 ,?is t]m is v seldom if ev] us$4 ,9 blazon+ ! ,divisions ( a ,%ield1 ! t]m ,p]1 signify+ 9 ! direction (1 is employ$ sometimes alone1 & sometimes 7hav+ ! same signification7 prec$$ by ! ^w p>t$ or p>ty4 ,! prim>y ,divisions ( a ,%ield are indicat$ 9 ! foll[+ diagrams1 ,nos4 #bh-ce3-- ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #bh-cj1 #ca-cc1 #cd-ce4 ,no4 #bh4 ,p] ,pale1 or ,p>t$ p] ,pale1 or ,p>ty p] ,pale4 ,no4 #bi4 ,p] ,fesse1 or ,p>t$ p] ,fesse4 ,no4 #cj4 7,nos4 #bh & #bi toge!r7 ,p] ,cross1 or ,qu>t]ly 7! latt] is ! m usual t]m74 ,no4 #ca4 ,p] ,b5d4 ,no4 #cb4 ,p] ,b5d ,s9i/]4 ,no4 #cc4 7,nos4 #ca & #cb toge!r7 ,p] ,saltire4 ,no4 #cd4 ,p] ,*evron4 ,no4 #ce4 ,ti]c$ 9 pale 7divid$ into ?ree equal divisions by two v]tical l9es71 a =m seldom met ) 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry4 ,te*nically ?is 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry is simply ! repres5tation ( a pale4 7,see ,no4 #hg47 ,to ^! divisions %\ld /rictly be add$ ! fur!r division gyronny 7,no4 #adg72 b nei!r ! t]m p] nor p>t$ p] is ev] employ$ 9 ?is connection4 ,z w be se51 x is a comb9ation ( ! =ms %[n 9 ,nos4 #cj & #cc4 ,a ,%ield may be fur!r divid$ & subdivid$1 ?us3-- ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cf4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cg4 ,x may be divid$ into any numb] ( ,qu>t]+s by l9es drawn p] pale & p] fesse1 cutt+ ea* o!r1 z 9 ,no4 #cf1 :i* ,%ield is qu>t]ly ( eight3 9 l mann] ! ,qu>t]+s ( any ,%ield1 :atev] _! numb] 7:i* ne$ n be an ev5 numb]71 are blazon$ z1 qu>t]ly ( twelve1 c4 ,?is1 to :atev] ext5t ! divid+ ( ! ,%ield may be c>ri$1 is simple ,qu>t]+4 ,aga93 a qu>t]$ ,%ield may h "o or m ( its prim>y qu>t]s1 or e "o ( !m1 qu>t]$3 ?is1 :i* is ! subdivision ( a "p1 ! qu>t]+ ( qu>t]s1 is comp\nd ,qu>t]+3 = example1 9 ,no4 #cg1 ! ,%ield is fir/ divid$ into ! f\r prim>y qu>t]s1 sev]ally m>k$ ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d2 !n1 s f> z ! qu>t]s ,a1 ,b1 ,d are conc]n$1 ! simple qu>t]+ is subject$ to ! process ( comp\nd qu>t]+1 & qu>t]s ,a1 ,d are qu>t]s qu>t]ly1 & ,b is a qu>t] qu>t]ly ( six1 :ile ,c rema9s unaffect$ by ! second>y process4 ,! t]ms qu>t]ly qu>t]+ & qu>t]ly qu>t]$ are us$ to signify su* second>y qu>t]+ z is exemplifi$ 9 ,a1 ,b1 ,d ( ,no4 #cg4 ,! f\r prim>y qu>t]s 7,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d ( ,no4 #cg7 are di/+ui%$ z ,gr& ,qu>t]s3 consequ5tly1 ! qu>t] ,b ( ?is example is ! second gr& qu>t]1 qu>t]ly ( six4 ,?is t]m ,gr& ,qu>t] may be employ$ to di/+ui% any prim>y qu>t] :5 any qu>t] 9 ! ,%ield is qu>t]ly qu>t]$4 ,,divid+ & ,,bord] ,,l9es1 9 addition to simple "r l9es & curves1 assume ! =ms t are repres5t$ 9 ! next diagram1 ,no4 #ch3-- ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ch4 ,no4 #ch4 ,a4 ,ind5t$ ,b4 ,dancett ,c4 ,wavy or ,unde 7#b v>ieties7 ,d4 ,engrail$ ,e4 ,invect$ or ,inveck$ ,f4 ,embattl$ ,g4 ,raguly ,h4 ,nebuly 7#b v>ieties7 ,i4 ,dovetail$ ,two o!rs1 less frequ5tly met )1 h[ev]1 are rayonn & flory-c\nt]-flory4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ci4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #da4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #db4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dc4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dd4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #de4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #df4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dg4 ,,! ,,%ield3 ,,its ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,=m4--,! front face ( an h]aldic ,%ield is g5]ally flat2 b sometimes ! curv$ edges are made to appe> z if !y _h be5 slightly r\nd$ (f4 ,"s e>ly ,%ields are repres5t$ z b[$--holl[$1 t is1 9 ord] to cov] m closely ! p]son ( ! be>]1 & consequ5tly hav+ a convex ext]nal cont\r1 z 9 ,no4 #ci4 ,9 e>ly examples ( b[$ ,%ields ! :ole ( ! armorial blazonry is sometimes display$ on ! face ( t portion ( ! ,%ield :i* is %[n4 ,a ridge1 divid+ !m 9 pale1 b n necess>ily 9 any way act+ z an h]aldic divid+ l9e1 appe>s 9 _m ,%ields1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ^? ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies4 ,! l>ge elongat$ ,%ields t h be5 entitl$ kite-%ap$1 & :i* 7 9 use 9 ! days ( ,,ri*>d ,i4 & among/ ! ,b>ons ( ,magna ,*>ta1 7 sup]s$$ by ! small] heat]-%ap$ ,%ield z e>ly z ! reign ( ,,h5ry ,,iii4 ,! mo/ beautiful =ms ( ?is ,%ield are repres5t$ 9 ,nos4 #dj1 #da1 & #db3 ( ^!1 ,no4 #dj has its curves describ$ ab\t ! sides ( an inv]t$ equilat]al triangle1 & !n !y are prolong$ by v]tical l9es t[>ds ! *ief3 9 ,nos4 #da1 #db1 ! sides curve f ! *ief to ! base4 ,! =ms ( ,%ields admit ( v>i\s slight modifications1 to adju/ !m to v>y+ conditions4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ! =m ( ! ,%ield is f\nd to und]go "s s+ul> *anges3 &1 at lat] p]iods1 *anges 9 =m ( ?is k9d became g5]ally preval5t4 ,nos4 #dc1 #dd1 exemplify su* *anges z ^!3 !y also %[ ! curv$ not* t 0 cut 9 ! dext] *ief ( ! ,%ields ( ! same p]iods1 to p]mit ! lance to pass ?r\gh x z ! ,%ield hung d[n on ! brea/3 a ,%ield s pi]c$ is said to be b\*e4 ,! ,surface ( ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #dc1 :i* is 9 ! ,episcopal palace at ,exet]1 is wr\ght into a s]ies ( %all[ holl[s1 :i* curve gracefully f ! c5tral ridge1 "s to ! dext]1 & o!rs to ! s9i/]4 ,su* a ,%ield z ?is may be consi/5tly us$ 9 our own ,h]aldry3 b1 s9ce n[ we d n associate lances laid 9 re/ ) our h]aldic ,%ields1 x appe>s desirable t we %\ld n draw our ,%ields b\*e4 ,9 rec5t ,h]aldry ! ,%ield has commonly be5 made to appe> su* an unsightly & un-h]aldic de=mity z is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #de4 ,in/ead ( a true h]aldic ,%ield also1 a r\nd$ oval ) a convex surface1 call$ a c>t\*e1 or c>t\*e %ield1 ,no4 #df1 is occasionally us$ = ! display ( armorial blazonry2 or a circle is sub/itut$ = su* an oval4 ,^! c>t\*es probably owe _! orig9 to ! usage ( plac+ a ,g>t] ( ! ,ord] ab\t a ,%ield 7preval5t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury71 & to a subsequ5t p]iod1 :5 we f9d ! omission ( ! exact outl9e ( ! actual ,%ield4 ,b _! frequ5t appe>ance 9 ,ecclesia/ical ,h]aldry sugge/s t p]haps !y 7 delib]ately pref]r$ to ! purely milit>y %ield4 ,a ,loz5ge1 ,no4 #dg1 takes ! place ( a ,%ield to be> ! arms ( ,ladies1 ) ! exception ( ! ,sov]eign2 ?is v inconv5i5t sub/itute = ! h]aldic ,%ield 0 introduc$ e>ly 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,,! ,,%ield3 ,,its ,,h]aldic ,,treatm5t4--,:5 a ,%ield is repres5t$ z /&+ erect1 x is n necess>y to specify t fact1 s9ce su* a position may be assum$ = a ,%ield unless ano!r be set =? 9 blazon+4 ,%ields are sometimes made to appe> susp5d$ by ! guige1 or %ield-belt 7:i* 0 worn by ,knights to su/a9 & secure _! ,%ields to _! p]sons72 9 "s ,seals & g5]ally 9 ar*itectural compositions1 ,%ields-(-,arms appe> susp5d$1 erect1 f _! guiges2 at ,we/m9/] "s ( ! e>lie/ ,%ields are ?us susp5d$1 ) a v happy effect1 f two po9ts ( susp5sion1 ! guige pass+ ov] sculptur$ heads1 z 9 ,no4 #dh1 ! ,arms ( ,prov5ce1 borne by ,,alianore ( ,prov5ce1 ,que5 ( ,,h5ry ,,iii4--! %ield is gold1 & on x are blazon$ f\r r$ pallets4 ,9 ,seals1 ! susp5d$ ,%ield is g5]ally repres5t$ hang+ by ! s9i/]-*ief angle1 z 9 ,no4 #di2 & x hangs ?us diagonally f bel[ ! helm4 ,a ,%ield ?us plac$ is said to be c\*4 ,?is arrangem5t is also frequ5tly adopt$1 :5 a ,%ield or an ,a*ievem5t ( arms is n plac$ ^u a ,seal2 b 9 any case ! position has no importance except z a matt] ( arti/ic treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dh4--;,arms ( ,prov5ce1 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #di4--,%ield ,c\*4 ,! entire surface ( e ,%ield is t]m$ ! ,field4 ,! same t]m is also appli$ to e pla9 surface4 ,a ,%ield is said to be borne by ! p]sonage to :om x belongs3 &1 9 its turn1 ! ,%ield be>s :atev] figures & devices may be display$ ^u x2 :5ce1 all ^! figures & devices are entitl$ ,be>+s or ,armorial ,be>+s4 ,all figures & devices are also /yl$ ,*>ges2 & !y are said to be *>g$ ^u a ,%ield1 ,bann]1 or ,surcoat1 or ^u "o ano!r4 ,9 blazon+1 ! field ( ! ,%ield is always fir/ notic$ & describ$3 next foll[ ! *>ges t re/ ^u ! field ( ! ,%ield itself2 !n descriptions are giv5 ( ! second>y be>+s t are *>g$ ^u o!rs ( great] importance4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ( sev]al *>ges :i* all alike re/ imm$iately ^u ! field ( ! ,%ield1 ! mo/ important is ! fir/ to be blazon$2 s t ! arrangem5t ( blazon+ is det]m9$ by ! comp>ative dignity ( ! be>+s1 z well z by ! degree 9 :i* *>ges are ne>] to ! field & fur!r f behold]s4 ,9 "s cases1 h[ev]1 a be>+ *>g$ ^u ! field ( a ,%ield & _m times repeat$ on a small scale1 is blazon$ 7= ! sake ( simplicity & cle>ness ( expression7 next to ! field ( ! ,%ield itself3--?us1 if a lion be *>g$ on ! field ( a ,%ield1 & a consid]able numb] ( crosses surr\nd ! lion1 &1 l him1 are plac$ on ! field ( ! ,%ield also--! field ( ! ,%ield is blazon$ fir/1 ! crosses second1 & ! lion ?ird2 &1 if a cresc5t 7or o!r be>+7 be *>g$ ^u ! lion's %\ld]1 x is ! la/ 9 ! blazon4 ,9 qu>t]$ ,%ields ! blazon+ comm5ces afre% ) ea* qu>t]+4 ,9 blazon+ armorial bann]s & horse-trapp+s1 ! latt] (t5 gorge\sly enri*$ ) h]aldic blazonry1 ! dext] side ( a flag is always next to ! /aff1 & ! head ( a horse is suppos$ always to be look+ t[>ds ! dext]4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry ,,section ,,ii ,! ,t9ctures' ,metals-- ,col\rs-- ,furs-- ,v>i$ ,fields-- ,law ( ,t9ctures-- ,c\nt]*ang+-- ,diap]-- ,disposition-- ,blazon+ 9 ,t9ctures4 ,all ! devices blazon$ on ! ,%ield ,9 _! own t9ct --,,ela9e4 ,9 ,engli% ,h]aldry ! ,,t9ctures comprise ,two ,metals1 ,five ,col\rs1 & ,eight ,furs4 ,!y are symbolis$ or indicat$ by dots & l9es--a v conv5i5t sy/em1 said to h be5 introduc$1 ab\t ! ye> #afcj1 by an ,italian nam$ ,silve/re de ,petrasancta4 ,"s su* symbolisation1 h[ev]1 may occasionally be f\nd 9 anticipation ( ,petrasancta4 ,! sy/em n[ 9 use 0 n g5]ally adopt$ till ! comm5cem5t ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,?is sy/em is nev] (ficially employ$ 9 a matt] ( record1 & is n[ be+ disc>d$ by _m arti/s4 ,! ,metals1 ,col\rs1 & ,furs are nam$1 _! names are abbreviat$1 & !y are sev]ally indicat$1 z foll[s3-- ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ej4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ea4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #eb4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ec4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ed4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ee4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ef4 ,,two ,,metals4 ,,titles ,,abbreviations ,,symbolisation4 #a4 ,gold ,or ,or ,no4 #ej4 #b4 ,silv] ,arg5t ,arg4 ,no4 #ea4 ,,five ,,col\rs ,,titles ,,abbreviations ,,symbolisation4 #a4 ,blue ,azure ,az4 ,no4 #eb4 #b4 ,r$ ,gules ,gu4 ,no4 #ec4 #c4 ,black ,sable ,sa4 ,no4 #ed4 #d4 ,gre5 ,v]t ,v]t ,no4 #ee4 #e4 ,purple ,purpure ,purp4 ,no4 #ef 7,9 ,fr5* ,h]aldry1 ,gre5 is ,s9ople47 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #eg4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #eh4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ei4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #fj4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #fa4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #fb4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #fc4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #fd4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #fe4 ,,eight ,,furs 7n abbreviat$74 ,,titles #a4 ,erm9e1--black spots on :ite ,no4 #eg4 #b4 ,erm9es1--:ite spots on black ,no4 #eh4 #c4 ,erm9ois1--black spots on gold ,no4 #ei4 #d4 ,pean1--gold spots on black ,no4 #fj4 #e4 ,vair1--alt]nate divisions ( blue & :ite1 ,nos4 #fa1 #fb4 #f4 ,c\nt] ,vair 7note diff]5ce ( arrangem5t7 ,no4 #fc4 #g4 ,pot5t 7note diff]5t %ape ( divisions7 ,no4 #fd4 #h4 ,c\nt] ,pot5t ,no4 #fe4 ,two o!r ,col\rs1 or t9ts ( ,col\r1 are sometimes he>d (--,t5ne1 a tawny or orange col\r1 indicat$ by v]tical l9es cross+ ^? ( ,purpure3 & ,murrey or ,sangu9e1 a d>k crimson r$1 indicat$ by diagonal l9es f bo? dext] & s9i/]1 cross+ ea* o!r4 ,^! two are sometimes t]m$ /a9s1 b _! real usage 0 9 liv]ies4 ,! ,furs1 ,nos4 #eh1 #ei1 #fj1 #fc1 #fd1 & #fe1 are ( comp>atively r>e occurr5ce1 & d n appe> 9 ! be/ ages ( ,h]aldry4 ,vair & ,erm9e are common4 ,a good e>ly =m ( ,vair is %[n 9 ,no4 #fb3 & 9 ,no4 #eg;,a1 ,i give a f9e example ( ! treatm5t ( ,erm9e1 f ! monum5t ( ,,edw>d ,,iii4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #eg;,a4 ,9 ord] to avoid repeat+ or ref]r+ to ! ^w ,or1 ! ^w ,gold is sometimes us$4 ,! ,furs1 ,nos4 #fa1 #fb1 #fc1 #fd1 & #fe1 are always arg5t & azure1 unless "s o!r metal & col\r be nam$ 9 ! blazon+4 ,animat$ be+s & all objects1 t 9 ,h]aldry are repres5t$ 9 _! natural aspect & col\r+1 are blazon$ prop] abbreviat$ ppr4 ,h]aldic *>ges & compositions1 :5 sket*$ 9 outl9e ) p5 & ink or ) p5cil1 & ) ! col\rs writt5 !reon1 are said to be trick$1 or 9 trick4 ,,v>i$ ,,fields4--,x is n necess>y t ! ,field ( a ,%ield1 or ( any ,be>+1 %\ld be ( any "o uni=m t9cture3 b v>i$ surfaces are usually t9ctur$ ( "s "o metal & "s "o col\r alt]nat+2 & ! patt]ns or devices ?us produc$ are g5]ally d]iv$ 7! ,furs1 ,nos4 #fa-fe1 :i* are good examples ( v>i$ surfaces1 be+ ! exceptions7 f ! =ms ( ! orig9al simple *>ges t are di/+ui%$ z ,ord9>ies & ,subord9>ies4 ,& ^! v>i$ surfaces or fields are always flat2 ! :ole ( _! devices or patt]ns are level1 _! metal & col\r ly+ 9 ! same plane4 ,x is evid5t t1 9 repres5t+ any examples ( ?is class1 no %ad+ is to be introduc$ to d5ote relief4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ff4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #fg4 ,%\ld ! field ( any *>ge be divid$ into a s+le r[ ( small squ>es1 alt]nately1 e4g4 ( a metal & a col\r1 z ,no4 #ff1 x is ,compone or ,compony 7sometimes writt5 gobony73 if into two su* r[s1 z 9 ,no4 #fg1 x is ,c\nt] ,compony3 b1 if ! field ( a ,%ield1 or ! surface ( any *>ge be divid$ into ?ree1 or m ?an ?ree1 su* r[s1 x is ,*eque or ,*ecky2 ?us1 ! ,arms ( ! ,e>l de ,,w>5ne are ,*eque or & az41 ,no4 #fh 7,h4 #c & ,e4 #b74 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,t9ctures4--,e *>ge is suppos$ to re/ ^u ! field ( a ,%ield1 or on ! surface ( "s *>ge4 ,x is a /rict rule1 t a *>ge ( a metal mu/ re/ ^u a field t is ( a col\r or fur2 or1 contr>iwise1 t a *>ge ( a col\r mu/ re/ on a field t is ( a metal or fur1--t is1 t metal be n on metal1 nor col\r on col\r4 ,?is rule is modifi$ 9 ! case ( v>i$ fields1 ^u :i* may be *>g$ a be>+ ( ei!r a metal or a col\r3 also1 a p>tial relaxation ( ! rule is conc$$ :5 "o be>+ is *>g$ ^u ano!r1 %\ld ! conditions ( any p>ticul> case require su* a concession4 ,?is rule does n apply to bordures1 nor v /r+5tly to augm5tations or cre/s1 & x is n s rigidly en=c$ 9 ,=eign z 9 ,briti% ,h]aldry4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 a few exceptions1 b !y are n num]\s1 ! "o usually in/anc$ z an int5tional violation be+ ! silv] armorial ,%ield ( ! ,,crusad] ,,k+s ( ,,j]usalem1 ,no4 #fi1 ^u :i* five gold5 crosses are *>g$2 ! motive 9 ?is rem>kable exception to an e/abli%$ rule be+ said to be to cause ?is ,%ield to be unlike t ( any o!r pot5tate4 ,:at may be t]m$ ! accessories ( a *>ge are n includ$ 9 ?is law ( t9ctures3 ?us1 a silv] lion hav+ a r$ tongue may be *>g$ on a blue %ield1 & ! r$ tongue may re/ on ! blue field ( ! ,%ield4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #fi4--;,arms ( ,j]usalem4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #gj4--;,arms ( ,f5wick4 ,,c\nt]*ang+ is divid+ ! field ( a ,%ield 9 su* a mann] t x is1 e4g4 9 "p ( a metal & 9 "p ( a col\r1 & !n arrang+ ! *>ges 9 su* a mann] t !y %all be reciprocally ( ! same col\r & metal3 ?us1 ! %ield ( ,john ,f5wick1 ,no4 #gj 7,r4 #b7 is1--p]-fesse gu4 & arg41 six m>tlets1 ?ree1 two1 "o1 c\nt]*ang$2 t is1 ! field is r$ 9 *ief & silv] 9 base1 & ! birds or p>ts ( ! birds on ! r$ field are silv]1 & ^? on ! silv] field are r$4 ,,diap]+4--,?is t]m d5otes a sy/em ( decorat+ pla9 surfaces 9 v>i\s ways1 :i* 0 9 great fav\r ) ! e>ly h]aldic arti/s4 ,9 ! use ( ,diap]1 :i* is (t5 desirable :5 arti/ic reasons sugge/ its suitability1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! decorative designs & patt]ns d n 9 any way admit ( _! be+ mi/ak5 = *>ges4 ,?is diap] may be execut$ 9 l[ relief1 subord9at$ to ! relief ( ! *>ges2 & x is n requir$ to yield any ob$i5ce to ! law ( t9ctures4 ,9 ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #fh 7! orig9al1 a v noble %ield1 is at ,ca/le ,acre ,priory1 ,norfolk71 :i* is simply *eque1 ! ,diap]+ may be alt]nately azure & or on ! squ>es t are alt]nately or & azure2 or ! ,diap] may be d>k blue1 or sable1 or arg5t on ! azure squ>es1 & on ! gold5 ones :atev] ! arti/ might consid] w\ld be mo/ effective2 b ! ,diap]1 9 ?is & 9 all o!r examples1 mu/ always be subord9ate to ! area & t9cture ( ! field4 ,! f9e/ kn[n e>ly example ( h]aldic ,diap] 9 enamel1 is ! ,%ield ( ,,william ,,de ,,val5ce1 ,e>l ( ,,pembroke1 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ,a4,d4 #abif4 ,v beautiful e>ly examples ( ,diap]+ h be5 pres]v$ 9 relics ( h]aldic /a9$ glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #fh4--,%ield ( ,arms ( ,e>l de ,w>r5ne1 ,ca/le ,acre ,priory1 ,norfolk4 ,,disposition3 ,,blazon+4--,by ,disposition is und]/ood ! plac+ & arrang+ ( *>ges4 ,a s+le important *>ge1 :i* has n a fix$ position ( its own1 is plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( any composition3 & m9or *>ges are arrang$ 9 _! mo/ natural & consi/5t ord] & positions1 any deviation f :i* mu/ be specifi$4 ,a s+le *>ge1 _m times repeat$1 & small 9 size1 :e!r ) or )\t any special ord]ly disposition1 is said to be ,seme--/rewn1 t is1 or scatt]$ ov] ! field1 z se$ is s[n by ! h&2 or1 if ! *>ges are v small or v num]\s1 ! t]m p\dre or p[d]$ has sometimes be5 us$4 ,! expression--?ree1 two1 "o1 signifies t a *>ge is repeat$ six times1 ! ,disposition be+ ?ree 9 a horizontal r[ t[>ds ! *ief ( ! ,%ield1 !n two 9 a simil> r[ 9 ! c5tre1 & "o 9 base4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ! expressions--f\r1 f\r1 "o1 f\r1 ?ree1 two1 "o1 ?ree & "o1 c41 are us$ z occasion may require4 ,= o!r dispositions ( *>ges o!r appropriate t]ms w pres5t !mselves to our notice1 gr[+ out ( our subject z x advances4 ,%\ld a ,t9cture or a ,numb] occur a second "t 9 blazon+ a s+le composition1 x mu/ be indicat$1 n by repeat+ ! ^w already us$1 b by ref]5ce to x4 ,?us1 if ! t9cture ( ! field %\ld occur a second "t1 ref]5ce is made to x 9 ! =mula--( ! field3 or1 p]haps m frequ5tly--( ! fir/2 or1 if ! t9cture t is nam$ second 9 ord] 9 ! blazon+ be repeat$1 x is indicat$ by ! expression--( ! second2 & s on4 ,aga93 %\ld !re be ?ree fleurs de lys & also ?ree cresc5ts 9 "o & ! same composition1 hav+ specifi$ ! ?ree fleurs de lys1 ! numb] ( ! cresc5ts w\ld be set =? 9 ! words--z _m cresc5ts3 provid+ no?+ else has 9 ! word+ ( ! blazon int]v5$ 9 su* a way z to cause unc]ta9ty by ! use ( ! t]m2 & s1 9 l mann]1 ) any o!r numb]s ( ^! or ( any o!r *>ges4 ,9 descriptive ,blazon+1 ,epi!ts1 :i* foll[ _! own ,n\ns1 prec$e ! ,t9ctures t are associat$ ) ^? n\ns3 ?us1 a black rampant lion hav+ gold5 claws is blazon$1--a lion rampt4 sa41 arm$ or4 ,9 writt5 & pr9t$ blazon+1 ! arrangem5t ( ! words & ! plac+ ! /ops are alike matt]s ( supreme importance4 ,! s5t5ces are to be %ort4 ,a comma is to m>k ! end ( ea* complete m9or clause or division ( a s5t5ce3 a colon1 ea* m important clause4 ,a po9t or p]iod is to foll[ e abbreviat$ ^w1 to m>k ! fact ( ! abbreviation1 b )\t affect+ ! additional pres5ce ( a comma 7z 9 ! blazon+1 a lion rampant sa417 or ( a colon1 z ! case may be2 b a second p]iod is unnecess>y4 ,x is a v common error to ov]load h]aldic blazon+ ) commas :i*1 in/ead ( aid+ to simplify ! s5t5ces1 obscure ! mean+ & p]plex ! read]4 ,x is always correct to write--?ree lion's heads1 six pilgrim's /aves1 c43 & always incorrect to write--?ree lions' heads1 six pilgrims' /aves1 c42 b x is a po9t pr9t]s h an app>5tly inv9cible objection to accept4 ,,emblazon+ ,,9 ,,t9ctures4--,on ?is head ,i mu/ be cont5t to (f] to /ud5ts only a few brief practical obs]vations4 ,! metal ,gold may be r5d]$ ) gold prep>$ 9 small sauc]s1 or 7mo/ advantage\sly7 9 m9ute slabs2 ?is prep>ation is appli$1 l a common wat]-col\r1 by moi/5+ ! gold ) wat]2 & x is desirable previ\sly to h wa%$ ! pap]1 c>d 7or vellum7 ) dilut$ :ite ( egg4 ,gold leaf may also be us$1 b ! process is t$i\s1 & requires bo? skill & exp]i5ce to ensure complete success4 ,yell[ pa9t1 aga91 may be us$ to repres5t ! metal1 ! be/ col\rs be+ cadmium yell[1 or aureol9 7,w9sor & ,newton7 mix$ ) ,*9ese :ite4 ,= %ad+1 c>m9e1 or crimson lake1 mix$ ) gum4 ,= ,silv]1 alum9ium may be us$ ) excell5t effect2 or ,*9ese :ite2 or ! pap] may be left :ite3 = %ad+1 grey 7blue & ,indian ink mix$7 & gum4 ,! ,alum9ium is prep>$1 l ! gold1 9 m9ute slabs3 x may be obta9$1 ( great excell5ce1 f ,messrs4 ,w9sor ,newton1 by :om also a v pure prep>ation ( gold is sold2 b bo? ! gold & ! alum9ium slabs are sold by all good arti/s' col\rm54 ,^! ,metals may be diap]$1 z well z burni%$1 ) an agate-burni%]4 ,= ,azure3--,fr5* blue1 freely mix$ ) ,*9ese :ite & a v little gum1 ! col\r to be laid on ?ick3 %ade ) ,prussian blue mix$ ) a l>g] proportion ( gum4 ,= ,gules3--,orange v]milion ei!r pure1 or mix$ ) a v little cadmium yell[ or ,*9ese :ite1 & /ill less gum3 7nev] use a brilliant b mo/ trea*]\s prep>ation kn[n z pure sc>let37 %ade ) c>m9e or crimson lake1 & gum4 ,= ,v]t3--em]ald gre51 ) ,*9ese :ite & a little gum3 %ade ) d>k gre51 made f mix+ aureol9 7or gamboge7 ) ,prussian blue & gum4 ,= ,purpure3--mix c>m9e & ,fr5* blue1 ) a little gum3 %ade ) a d>k] t9t ( ! same4 ,= ,sable3--,v d>k grey1 made by mix+ a little ,*9ese :ite & gum ) black3 %ade ) black & m gum4 ,:5 ! ,metals are r5d]$ by gold & alum9ium1 x is desirable t ^! t9ctures %\ld be appli$1 & t ! diap]+ & burni%+ ( ! ,metals %\ld also be complet$ ) ! burni%]1 be=e ! adjo9+ col\rs are laid on4 ,! burni%+ may be execut$ 9 two or ?ree h\rs aft] ! ,metals h be5 appli$ to ! pap]2 & ! pap] %\ld be plac$ ^u a piece ( glass dur+ ! processes ( burni%+ & diap]+4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry ,,section ,,iii ,! ,ord9>ies3-- ,! ,*ief2 ,fesse2 ,b>2 ,pale2 ,cross1 its h]aldic v>ieties2 ,b5d2 ,saltire2 ,*evron2 & ,pile4 ,m>ks ( ,h]$it>y ,hon\r1 giv5 or au?oris$ by "s supreme ,p[]4 --,,sci5ce ,,( ,,h]aldry4 ,,! ,,ord9>ies4--,! simple ,*>ges ( e>ly ,h]aldry1 :i* always h be5 held 9 ! highe/ e/eem & :i* are mo/ famili>1 are3--,! ,*ief1 ! ,fesse1 ! ,b>1 ! ,pale1 ! ,cross1 ! ,b5d1 ! ,saltire1 ! ,*evron1 & ! ,pile4 ,!y may be consid]$ to h be5 d]iv$ f v>i\s means t 7 adopt$ to /r5g!n ,%ields = use 9 combat1 ! ,cross always be+ 9 great fav\r f hav+ a def9ite symbolism ( its own4 ,^! ,ord9>ies may be =m$ by any ( ! ,bord] ,l9es1 ,no4 #ch4 ,occasionally !y are borne alone2 b m g5]ally !y are associat$ ) o!r be>+s1 or !y h v>i\s figures & devices *>g$ ^u !mselves4 ,9 "s cases1 pres5tly to be specifi$1 m ?an "o ,ord9>y may appe> 9 a s+le composition4 ,! ,b>1 ! ,pale1 ! ,b5d1 & ! ,*evron h ,dim9utives4 ,! ,cross has _m ,v>ieties4 ,,! ,,*ief 7,h4 #c71 b\nd$ by a horizontal l9e1 conta9s ! upp]mo/ ?ird 7or1 9 practice1 some:at less ?an ! ?ird1 ( ! field ( a ,%ield1 z 9 ,no4 #ga4 ,! ,%ield ( ,,le ,,botil]1 ,no4 #gb1 is--,or1 a *ief ind5t$ az4 7,h4 #c74 ,a ,*ief may be borne ) any o!r ,ord9>y except ! ,fesse2 x may also be *>g$ ) any o!r figures or devices3--?us1 = ,sire ,,b]n>d ,,de ,,brus1 ,no4 #gc1--;,az41 a *ief & a saltire or3 = ,sire ,,johan ,,de ,,cl9tone1 ,no4 #gd1--;,arg41 on a *ief az4 two fleurs de lys or3 & = ,sire ,,johan ,,de ,,cl9tone de ,made/oke1 ,no4 #ge1--;,arg41 on a *ief az4 two mullets or 7all ,e4 #b74 ,:5 any *>ge is set 9 ! upp]mo/ ?ird ( a ,%ield1 or :5 sev]al *>ges are dispos$ 9 a horizontal r[ across ! upp]mo/ "p ( a ,%ield1 !y all are said to be 9 ,*ief4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ga4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #gb4--,le ,botil]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #gc4--;,de ,brus4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #gd4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ge4--;,de ,cl9tone4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #gf4--;,de ,clif=d ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #gg4--;,de ,pate%ulle4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #gh4--,le ,vavas\r4 ,,! ,,fesse 7,h4 #c71 :i* crosses ! c5tre ( a ,%ield horizontally1 :5 *>g$ occupies ab\t "o-?ird 7or r less ?an "o-?ird7 ( ! field2 b :5 )\t *>ges1 x is usually drawn some:at n>r[]4 ,! ,%ield ( ,"l ,,clif=d is1--,*eque or & az41 a fesse gu41 ,no4 #gf4 ,= ,,robt4 ,,le ,,fitz-,,wat]1--,or1 a fesse betwe5 two *evrons gu43 = ,,john ,,de ,,pate%ulle1 ,no4 #gg1--;,arg41 a fesse sa41 betwe5 ?ree cresc5ts gu4 7all ,h4#c73 = ,,william ,,le ,,vavas\r1 ,no4 #gh1--,or1 a fesse dancette sa43 = ,,de ,,hem5hale1 ,no4 #gi1--,or1 on a fesse betwe5 two *evrons gu41 ?ree escallops arg43 & = ,,de ,,dagewor!1 ,no4 #hj1--;,erm41 a fesse gu4 bezante 7all ,e4 #b74 ,:5 !y are dispos$ 9 a horizontal r[ across ! c5tre ( a ,%ield1 ,*>ges are 9 fesse4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #gi4--;,de ,hem5hale4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #hj4--;,de ,dagewor!4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ha4--;,de ,h>ec\rt4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #hb4--,wake4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #hc4--;,de ,hunt]cumbe4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #hd4--;,de la ,m]e4 ,,! ,,b> 7,h4 #c71 :i* may be plac$ horizontally 9 any "p ( ! field except 9 fesse or at ! *ief ( ! ,%ield1 is ab\t "o-fif? ( ! field 7or sometimes less7 9 dep?4 ,a s+le b> v r>ely occurs 9 blazon4 ,examples3--,or1 two b>s gu41--= ,,de ,,h>ec\rt1 ,no4 #ha3 ,az41 two b>s dancette or1--= ,,de ,,riv]es3 ,or1 two b>s gu41 9 *ief ?ree torteaux1--= ,,wake1 ,no4 #hb4 ,! ,dim9utive ( ! ,b> is ! ,b>rulet1 "o-half ( its wid?4 ,:5 !y are dispos$ 9 c\ples1 ,b>rulets are ,b>s ,gemelles1 ^! n be+ s deep z ! b>rulet3 ?us1 ,no4 #hc1--;= ,,de ,,hunt]cumbe1--,erm41 two b>s gemelles gu4 7,h4 #c74 ,a ,fesse or ,b>1 :5 plac$ betwe5 two simil> figures n>r[] ?an b>rulets1 is said to be cotis$ by !m2 or1 to be d\bly cotis$1 :5 plac$ betwe5 two b>s gemelles3 ?us1 = ,,de ,,la ,,m]e1 ,no4 #hd1--,or1 a fesse d\bly cotis$ 7or1 betwe5 two b>s gemelles7 az4 7,e4 #b74 ,an ev5 numb] ( b>s alt]nately ( a metal 7or a fur7 & a col\r =m ! v>i$ field :i* is to be blazon$ b>ry1 ! numb] ( ! b>s 9 e case to be specifi$--z1 b>ry ( six1 b>ry ( eight1 c4 ,if ! numb] ( b>s exce$s eight 7"s writ]s say t571 x is b>rule or b>ruly2 & 9 ?is case x is n necess>y t ! numb] ( ! b>s %\ld be specifi$1 ! ^w b>rule be+ us$ alone1 or ! expression b>rule sans nombre to d5ote a consid]able numb]1 b n a fix$ numb] ( b>s--! numb]1 h[ev]1 always to be ev54 ,b ?is is a mod]n ref9em5t ( blazon to :i* little if any att5tion 0 paid 9 e>ly days4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t :ile ! b>s1 :atev] _! numb]1 if !y are blazon$ z b>s1 are to be treat$ z if !y 7 execut$ 9 relief ^u ! field ( a ,%ield1 a ,%ield t is b>ry or b>rule has its field =m$ by b>s :i* are all 9 ! same plane4 ,examples3--,b>ry ( six or & gu41 = ,,fitz ,,alan ( ,b$ale1 ,no4 #he3 ,b>ry ( six arg4 & az41 = ,,de ,,grey3 ,b>ry ( eight or & az41--= ,,de ,,p5brugge 7all ,h4 #c73 ,b>rule arg4 & az41 an orle ( m>tlets gu41--= ,,de ,,val5ce1 ,e>l ( ,,pembroke1 ,no4 #hf2 9 ?is example t5 b>s are repres5t$1 b 9 ! noble enamell$ %ield ( ! fir/ ,de ,val5ce 7,a4,d4 #abif7 pres]v$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ! b>s are tw5ty-eight 9 numb]4 ,*>ges1 n 9 fesse or 9 *ief1 t are dispos$ horizontally across ! field are b>-wise4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #he4--;,fitzalan ( ,b$ale4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #hf4--;,de ,val5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #hg4--;,ersk9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #hh4--;,gr&ison4 ,,! ,,pale4--,l ! ,fesse1 ?is ,ord9>y occupies r less ?an a c5tral ?ird ( ! field1 b x is v]tical 9 its position in/ead ( horizontal4 ,no4 #hg1 = ,,ersk9e1 is--,arg41 a pale sa4 ,its ,dim9utives1 ! ,pallet & ! ,endorse1 sev]ally "o-half & "o-f\r? ( its wid?1 may be plac$ v]tically 9 any "p ( ! field4 ,a ,pale betwe5 two ,endorses is endors$ b ! t]m cotis$ is also employ$ ) ?is mean+4 ,an ev5 numb] ( ,pallets ( a metal 7or a fur7 & a col\r set alt]nately1 =m ! v>i$ field to be blazon$ paly1 ! numb] ( ! ,pallets 7:i* lie all 9 ! same plane7 always to be specifi$3 ?us--,paly ( six arg4 & az41 on a b5d gu4 ?ree eaglets display$ or1 = ,,gr&ison1 ,no4 #hh 7,h4 #c7 ,*>ges t are dispos$ "o above ano!r 9 a v]tical r[ are 9 pale4 ,?is is ! arrangem5t ( ! ?ree gold5 lions ( ,engl&4 ,! ,,cross 7,h4 #c71 =m$ f a comb9ation ( a ,fesse ) a ,pale1 9 its simple/ =m is set erect 9 ! c5tre ( ! field1 & x ext5ds to ! bord]-l9es ( ! ,%ield4 ,if at any "t x may be necess>y or app>5tly desirable specially to set =? 9 ! blazon+ ( a ,%ield1 t a ,cross *>g$ ^u x does ?us ext5d to ! bord]-l9es1 su* a ,cross is blazon$ z a ,cross ?r\gh\t4 ,no4 #a1 ,arg41 a ,cross gu41 ! armorial ensign ( ,,/4 ,,george1 ! special ,patron ,sa9t ( ,engl&1 may be blazon$ z ,a ,cross ( ,/4 ,george4 ,( ?is ,cross1 ! great symbol ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 ,sp5s] says-- ,& on 8 bre/ a bloodie ,cross he bore1 ,! de>e remembrance ( 8 dy+ ,"l4444 ,^u 8 ,%ield ! l 0 also scor$4 ,fa]ie ,que51 ,i4 i4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #hi4--;,cross fimbriat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ij4--;,cross po9t$4 ,a ,cross hav+ a n>r[ bord] ly+ 9 ! same plane ) itself1 is fimbriat$1 su* a bord] be+ a fimbriation3 ?us1 ,no4 #hi1 ,az41 a cross gu41 fimbriat$ arg41 repres5ts ! ,cross ( ,/4 ,george 9 our ,national ,union ,jack4 ,a ,cross hav+ its f\r extremities cut (f squ>e1 s t x does n ext5d 9 any direction to ! bord]-l9es ( ! %ield1 is c\p$ or humette4 ,if ! extremities ( a ,cross are cut (f to po9ts1 x is po9t$1 z 9 ,no4 #ij4 ,if its c5tral area is entirely remov$1 s t b little m ?an its outl9es rema91 x is void$1 or 7,h4 #c7 a false ,cross 7faux croix73 :5 its f\r limbs are equal 9 l5g?1 x is a ,greek ,cross1 z ,no4 #ia3 :5 ! limbs are unequal1 ! l[] limb or %aft be+ long] ?an ! o!r ?ree1 z 9 ,no4 #ib1 x is a ,lat9 ,cross or a long cross3 b nei!r ( ^! two la/ t]ms are us$ reg>d+ ! pla9 cross ?r\gh\t1 not)/&+ t diff]5ces 9 ! %ape ( ! %ield may mat]ially alt] ! proportion ( ! limbs4 ,if a cross be =m$ ( a %aft & two horizontal limbs only 7l ! lett] ,t71 z 9 ,no4 #ic1 x is a ,tau ,cross1 or ,cross ,tau3 if x is pi]c$ at ! int]section ( ! limbs1 & ! entire c5tral area be void$1 x is said to be pi]c$ qu>t]ly4 ,a ,lat9 ,cross on /eps1 is on ,degrees1 & x is di/+ui%$ z a ,calv>y ,cross4 ,*>ges hav+ a cruci=m arrangem5t are 9 ,cross4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ib4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #id4--,quadrate4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ie4--,patri>*al4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #if4--;,f\r*e4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ig4--;,cross ,mol9e3 ,arms ( ,de ,mol9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ih4--;,cross ,rec]cele3 ,arms ( ,bi%op ,an?ony ,bec4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ii4--;,cross ,patonce3 ,arms ( ,william de ,vesci4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ajj4--;,fleurie4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aja4--;,fleurette4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ajb4--,pomme4 ,! ,,cross3--its ,,h]aldic ,,v>ieties4 ,! ,cross-symbol appe>s 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry "u v _m v>ieties & modifications ( =m & condition1 "s ( !m ( great beauty4 ,! foll[+ engrav$ repres5tations ( ! v>i\s examples are s explicit1 t descriptions ( !m are unnecess>y4 ,! ,cross ,quadrate1 ,no4 #id4 ,! ,cross ,patri>*al1 ,no4 #ie4 ,! ,cross ,f\r*e1 ,no4 #if4 ,! ,cross ,mol9e1 repres5t$ *>g$ ^u ! ,%ield attribut$ to ! ,,saxon ,,k+s ,,( ,,engl&1 ,no4 #bc3 ?is same %ield--,az41 a ,cross mol9e or1 is borne by ,,de ,,mol9es or ,,molyneux1 ,no4 #ig4 ,! ,cross ,c]cele or ,rec]cele 7,h4 #c71--;,gu41 a ,cross rec]cele erm41 ,no4 #ih1 = ,,an?ony ,,bec1 ,bi%op ( ,,durham4 ,! ,cross ,patonce 7,h4 #c71--;,gu41 a ,cross patonce arg41 ,no4 #ii1 f ! ,seal ( ,,wm4 ,,de ,,vesci1 ,a4,d4 #abbj4 ,! ,cross ,fleury1 ,no4 #ajj1 %\ld be comp>$ c>efully ) ,nos4 #ig & #ii1 ! ,crosses ,mol9e & ,patonce4 ,! ,cross ,fleurette1 ,no4 #aja4 ,! ,cross ,pomme1 ,no4 #ajb4 ,! ,cross ,botone or ,trefle1 ,no4 #ajc4 ,! ,cross ,crosslet1 or ,crosslet cross$1 ,no4 #ajd4 ,! t]m ,crosslet is /rictly applicable to any ,cross on a v small scale3 b x is usually appli$ to d5ote a ,cross t is cross$ z 9 ,no4 #ajd4 ,small ,crosses ,botone are occasionally us$ z ^! ,crosses-,crosslets1--z at ,w>wick 9 ! arms ( ! ,,beau*amps1 ! ,e>ls ( ,,w>wick4 ,crosslets are frequ5tly blazon$ seme ov] ! field ( a ,%ield1 9 :i* case ! special t]m crusilly is (t5 us$2 &1 9 small] numb]s1 !y also are fav\rite ,*>ges4 ,no4 #aje is ! ,cross ,cle*e or ,urde4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ajc4--;,botone4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ajd4--;,crosslet4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aje4--;,cle*e4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ajf4--,pate4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ajg4--,maltese4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ajh4--,pot5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aji4--;,avellane4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aaj4--;,botone ,fit*e4 ,! ,cross ,pate or ,=me is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #ajf4 ,no4 #ajg is ! ,cross ( eight ,po9ts1 or ! ,maltese ,cross3 ?is example is drawn f ! portrait ( ,,phillippe ,,de ,,villi]s ,,de ,l',,isle-,,adam1 elect$ =ty-?ird ,gr& ,ma/] ( ! ,knights ( ,/4 ,john ( ,j]usalem1 ,a4,d4 #aeba2 ?is picture is 9 ! possession ( ! ,e>l ( ,cl>5don1 ,k4,g4 ,! ,cross ,pot5t1 ,no4 #ajh4 ,! ,cross ,avellane1 ,no4 #aji4 ,! ,cross$-,crosslet1 & ! ,crosses ,pate1 ,botone1 & ,pot5t1 are also drawn hav+ _! %aft elongat$ & po9t$ at ! base3 9 ?is =m !y are sev]ally blazon$ z a ,cross$-,crosslet ,fit*e 7or fit*$71 a ,cross ,pate ,fit*e1 c41--a ,cross1 t is1 fixable 9 ! gr\nd2 ,no4 #aaj is an example ( a ,cross ,botone ,fit*e4 ,sev]al ( ^! v>ieties ( ! h]aldic ,cross occur b r>ely2 & !re are o!r some:at fanciful v>ieties s little 9 use1 z to r5d] any description ( !m unnecess>y4 ,! /ud5t ( m$ival monum5tal antiquities w n fail to obs]ve a c]ta9 degree ( resemblance betwe5 "s ( ! ,crosses ( ,h]aldry1 & ^? t are incis$ & sculptur$ on sepul*ral slabs4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aaa4--,le ,scrope4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aab4--;,de ,radclyffe4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aac4--,le ,botel]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aad4--;,humphrey de ,bohun1 #d? ,e>l ( ,h]e=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aae4--,sir ,gilb]t de ,bohun4 ,! ,,b5d 7,h4 #c7 resembles bo? ! ,fesse & ! ,pale 9 e condition1 except t x crosses ! field diagonally f ! dext] *ief to ! s9i/] base4 ,no4 #aaa1 ! ,%ield ( ,,scrope1 is--,az41 a b5d or4 ,a celebrat$ conte/ = ! "r to be> ?is simple ,%ield took place1 ,a4,d4 #ache-acij1 betwe5 ,sir ,,ri*>d ,,le ,,scrope & ,sir ,,rob]t ,,grosv5or1 :i* 0 decid$ 9 fav\r ( ! =m]4 ,no4 #aab1 = ,,radclyffe1 is--,arg41 a b5d engrail$ sa4 ,two un*>g$ ,b5ds may appe> 9 "o composition3 ?us1 = ,,le ,,botel]--,arg41 two b5ds az41 ,no4 #aac2 & = ,,fr]e--,gu41 two b5ds or 7bo? ,h4 #c74 ,! ,dim9utives ( ! ,b5d are ! ,b5dlet & ! ,cotise1 ! "o conta9+ "o-half & ! o!r "o-f\r? ( its area4 ,a ,cotise is sometimes borne s+ly1 :5 x is a ,rib&4 ,a b5dlet c\p$ is a baton4 ,a ,b5d betwe5 two ,cotises is cotis$3 ?us1 ,no4 #aad1 = ,,de ,,bohun1--,az41 a ,b5d arg41 cotis$ or1 betwe5 six lioncels rampt4 gold2 ?is ,%ield is engrav$ f ! ,seal ( ,,humphrey ,,de ,,bohun1 f\r? ,e>l ( ,,h]e=d 7,a4,d4 #abih-acbb72 9 x ! cotis$ ,b5d is v n>r[1 evid5tly to give m space = ! lioncels4 ,*>ges display$ on a ,b5d slope ) x--t is1 !y w\ld be erect1 7 ! ,b5d to be set v]tically & to become a ,pale3 ?us1 ano!r ,,de ,,bohun1 ,sir ,gilb]t 7,h4 #c71 di/+ui%es 8 ,%ield by t9ctur+ 8 ,b5d or1 & *>g+ ^u x ?ree escallops gules1 z 9 ,no4 #aae4 ,9 ,no4 #hh1 ! eaglets also exemplify ! disposition ( *>ges ^u a ,b5d4 ,*>ges set diagonally on ! field ( a ,%ield1 9 ! position 9 :i* a b5d w\ld occupy1 are said to be 9 b5d & are arrang$ 9 ! same mann]3 b x w\ld be q possible to h ?ree or m *>ges ea* dispos$ b5dwise2 b yet1 nev]!less1 :5 tak5 toge!r occupy+ ! position ( a fesse & !re=e describ$ also z 9 fesse4 ,?is di/9ction betwe5 *>ges b5dwise 7or b5dways7 & *>ges 9 b5d %\ld be c>efully not$4 ,a field divid$ into an ev5 numb] ( p>ts by l9es drawn b5dwise1 is b5dy1 ! numb] ( ! divisions to be specifi$3 z a matt] ( c\rse1 a field ?us b5dy becomes a v>i$ field1 9 :i* all ! divisions lie 9 ! same plane3 ?us1 ,no4 #aaf1 = ,,de ,,mont=d 7,h4 #c & ,e4 #b7--;,b5dy ( t5 or & az4 ,b5dlets are 9 relief1 z 9 ,no4 #aag1 = ,,de ,,bray--,vaire1 ?ree ,b5dlets gu4 ,if a field be divid$ by l9es drawn b5dwise1 & also by o!rs drawn ei!r v]tically or horizontally1 x is paly b5dy1 z ,no4 #aah1 or b>ry b5dy1 z ,no4 #aai4 ,^! two =ms1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are v r>ely met )1 %\ld be c>efully di/+ui%$ f a field loz5gy4 ,a ,b5d issu+ f ! s9i/] *ief is a ,b5d ,s9i/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aaf4--;,de ,mont=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aag4--;,de ,bray4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aah4--,paly ,b5dy4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aai4--;,b>ry ,b5dy4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #abj4--,/4 ,&rew4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #abb4--;,de ,neville4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aba4--;,de ,neville4 ,! ,,saltire 7,h4 #c71 a comb9ation ( a ,b5d ) a ,b5d ,s9i/]1 may also be reg>d$ z a ,diagonal ,cross4 ,?us1 ! ,crosses ( ,/4 ,,&rew ( ,,scotl&1 & ( ,/4 ,,patrick ( ,,irel& are ,saltires--! =m]1 ,no4 #abj--;,az41 a ,saltire arg43 ! latt]--,arg41 a ,saltire gu4 ,! arms ( ! great family ( ,,neville rev]se ^? ( ,/4 ,,patrick1 & are--,gu41 a ,saltire arg41 ,no4 #aba3 s ,drayton has record$ t ,^u 8 surcoat valiant ,,neville bore ,a silv] ,saltire ^u m>tial r$4 ,b>ons' ,w>1 i4 #bb4 ,*>ges set on a ,saltire slope ) its limbs 7all1 h[ev]1 po9t+ to ! *ief71 ! c5tral *>ge be+ erect2 & ! disposition ( *>ges set 9 saltire is ! same3 a s+le *>ge set on a ,saltire is blazon$ erect on ! c5tral po9t ( ! ,ord9>y1 z 9 ,no4 #abb1 ano!r ,%ield ( ,,neville1 9 :i* ! ,silv] ,saltire is *>g$ ) a rose gules4 ,a ,saltire may be borne ) a ,*ief1 z 9 ,no4 #gc4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #abc4--;,de ,/af=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #abd4--,%ield ( ,de ,cl>e4 ,! ,,*evron 7,h4 #c71 9 =m & proportions is r m ?an ! l[] half ( a ,saltire4 ,! ,dim9utive is a ,*evronel1 conta9+ half a ,*evron1 or p]haps less3 ?us1 = ,,de ,,/af=d 7,e4 #b71--,or1 a ,*evron gu41 ,no4 #abc3 = ! great family ( ,,de ,,cl>e1 f :om s _m o!r families d]iv$ _! ,*evrons & ,*evronels--,or1 ?ree ,*evronels gules1 ,no4 #abd 7,h4 #c74 ,two ,*evrons may be borne 9 "o composition3 or !y may appe> ) a ,fesse1 z 9 ,no4 #gi3 or ) a ,*ief1 z 7,h4 #c71 = ,,de ,,crombe--,erm41 a ,*evron gu41 & on a ,*ief ( ! la/ ?ree escallops or2 = ,,/4 ,,qu9t9 7,h4 #c7--,or1 ?ree ,*evronels gu41 a ,*ief vair4 ,a field ,*evrone is ( r>e occurr5ce3 ! ?ree ,*evronels ( ,,de ,,cl>e1 h[ev]1 ,no4 #abd1 appe> to h be5 d]iv$ f a field ,*evrone3 c]ta9ly1 on 8 seal1 ,/rongb[ has ! ,*evrone ,%ield1 ,no4 #abe1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #aage4 ,*>ges set on a ,*evron1 or dispos$ 9 ,*evron1 are always plac$ erect4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #abe4--;,e>ly %ield ( ,de ,cl>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #abf4--;,de ,*&os4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #abg4--;,de ,brian4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #abh4--;,de ,bassett4 ,! ,,pile 7,h4 #c71 resembl+ a w$ge 9 =m1 is borne bo? s+le & 9 small gr\ps4 ,unless "s o!r disposition on ! field be specifi$1 ?is ,ord9>y issues f ! *ief ( ! ,%ield4 ,examples3 ,or1 a ,pile gu41 betwe5 six & *>g$ ) ?ree e/oiles 7or mullets7 c\nt]-*ang$1--= ,,rob]t ,,de ,,*&os1 ,no4 #abf3 ,or1 ?ree ,piles az41 ,no4 #abg1--;= ,sir ,,guy ,,de ,,brian2 ,or1 ?ree ,piles gu41 a canton erm41 ,no4 #abh1--;= ,,de ,,bassett 7all ,h4 #c73 & 7,e4 #b71 ,arg41 a ,pile engrail$ sa4--= ,sir ,,rob4 ,,de ,,=neus4 ,9 e>ly emblazonm5ts ?ree piles appe> almo/ uni=mly to be depict$ ) ! po9ts conv]g+4 ,b a di/9ction is n[ made1 & :5 ! piles are int5d$ to conv]ge1 z 9 ,no4 #abh1 !y are t]m$ 9 po9t4 ,! probable /ructural orig9 ( ^! ,ord9>ies is suffici5tly app>5t to r5d] any fur!r comm5t on t int]e/+ circum/ance sup]flu\s4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry ,,section ,,iv ,! ,subord9>ies3-- ,! ,canton or ,qu>t]3 ,! ,inescut*eon3 ,! ,orle3 ,! ,tressure3 ,! ,bordure3 ,flan*es3 ,! ,loz5ge1 ,mascle1 & ,ru/re3 ,! ,fusil3 ,! ,billet3 ,! ,gyron3 ,! ,frette-- ,! ,r\ndles4 ,! second 9 a l9e ( />s4 --,,idylls ,,( ,,! ,,k+4 ,,! ,,subord9>ies4 ,?is title has be5 assign$1 b )\t any decisive au?ority1 to ano!r gr\p ( devices1 second 9 rank to ! ,ord9>ies4 ,v few writ]s agree z to :i* are ord9>ies & :i* subord9>ies2 nor does !re seem any reason :y any di/9ction betwe5 !m %\ld exi/4 ,nor1 inde$1 save t all are exclusively h]aldic1 :y "s ( !m %\ld be reg>d$ z any?+ m ?an ord9>y *>ges4 ,^! ,subord9>ies are ! ,canton1 ! ,qu>t]1 ! ,inescut*eon1 ! ,orle1 ! ,tressure1 ! ,bordure1 ,flan*es1 ! ,loz5ge1 ,mascle & ,ru/re1 ! ,fusil1 ! ,billet1 ! ,gyron1 & ! ,frette4 ,! ,canton1 by ! e>ly ,h]alds commonly /yl$ ! ,qu>t]1 sometimes has be5 gr\p$ ) ! ,ord9>ies4 ,& x mu/ "h be obs]v$ t ! ,loz5ge1 ,fusil1 ,billet1 ,gyron1 & ,frette 7 n us$ z s+le *>ges by ! e>ly ,h]alds2 b by !m ! fields ( ,%ields 7 divid$ loz5gy & gyronny1 or !y 7 seme ( ,billets1 or cov]$ ov] ) ,frette-"w1 f :i* ! s+le *>ges evid5tly 7 aft]w>ds obta9$4 ,! ,,canton 7,h4 #c71 sometimes blazon$ z a ,,qu>t]1 cut (f by two l9es1 ! "o drawn 9 pale & ! o!r b>-wise1 or 9 fesse1 is ei!r ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! field ( a ,%ield1 or ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( t qu>t]1 b small] if n *>g$4 ,! confusion betwe5 ! canton & ! qu>t] is due to ! fact t anci5t arms 9 :i* ! *>ge is n[1 & has be5 = c5turies pa/1 /]eotyp$ z a canton & drawn to occupy "o-n9? ( ! ,%ield1 7 uni=mly drawn & blazon$ 9 e>ly times ) ! *>ge z a qu>t]4 ,b !re is a m>k$ di/9ction n[ made betwe5 ! canton & ! qu>t]4 ,a ,canton erm9e is ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 z 9 ,no4 #abh2 b x is g5]ally borne *>g$1 & x always ov]lies ! *>ges ( ! field ( ! ,%ield1 z ,no4 #abi1 = ,,de ,,kyrkeby 7,r4 #b7--;,arg41 two b>s gu42 on a canton ( ! la/ a cross mol9e or2 &1 = ,,blundell 7,h4 #c7--;,az41 billette1 on a canton or a rav5 ppr41 ,no4 #acj4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #abi4--;,de ,kyrkeby4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #acj4--;,blundell4 ,! ,,inescut*eon 7,h4 #c7 is a ,%ield borne z a *>ge1 & sup]impos$ ^u ano!r ,%ield l>g] ?an itself4 ,:5 "o ,inescut*eon is borne1 x is usually plac$ on ! fesse-po9t2 b sev]al ,inescut*eons may appe> 9 "o composition4 ,! well-kn[n ,%ield ( ! ,,mortim]s supplies a good example1 ,no4 #aca 7,h4 #c7--;,b>ry ( six or & az41 an inescut*eon arg42 on a *ief gold1 gyron$ ( ! second1 two pallets ( ! same3 = ,,d>cy--,arg41 an inescut*eon sa41 )9 an orle ( roses gu41 ,no4 #acb 7,e4 #b73 ,arg41 ?ree inescut*eons gu41 = ,,de ,,wyll]s 7,e4 #b71 ,no4 #acc4 ,?is is also ! well-kn[n ,scotti% coat ( ,hay4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #acb4--;,d>cy4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aca4--;,de ,mortim]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #acc4--;,de ,wyll]s4 ,! ,,orle 7,h4 #c71 blazon$ by e>ly ,h]alds z a false escut*eon 7faux esco*eon71 or z an inescut*eon void$1 is ! bord] ( a ,%ield or ,escut*eon--a ,%ield1 t is1 void$ ( ! c5tral area ( its field1 &1 l an ,inescut*eon1 *>g$ on a ,%ield4 ,! arms ( ,,balliol1 ,no4 #acd1 are--,gu41 an ,orle arg4 7,h4 #c74 ,^! arms are blazon$ on _m ,scotti% ,seals ( ! greate/ int]e/1 & on ! ,seals ( ,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,small *>ges are frequ5tly dispos$ ab\t ! bord] ( a ,%ield 9 ,orle1 z 9 ,nos4 #hf & #acb4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #acd4--;,de ,balliol4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ace4--,s+le ,tressure ,flory4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #acg4--;,d\ble ,tressure flory c\nt]flory4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #acf4--,s+le ,tressure flory c\nt]flory4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ach4--,scotl&4 ,! ,,tressure 7,h4 #c7 may be reg>d$ z a v>iety ( ! ,orle2 inde$1 9 its simple/ =m x is a v n>r[ ,orle1 :i* is g5]ally set r\nd ) fleurs de lys4 ,a ,tressure ?us enri*$ is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #ace3 9 ?is example all ! heads ( ! fleurs de lys po9t ext]nally1 & all _! /alks int]nally1 & ?is accord+ly is blazon$ z a ,tressure flory4 ,9 ,no4 #acf1 :i*1 l ,no4 #ace1 is a s+le ,tressure1 ! fleurs de lys are s dispos$ t ! heads & /alks ( ! fl[]s po9t alt]nately 9 contr>y directions3 ?is is blazon$ z a ,tressure flory c\nt]flory4 ,f ?is la/ example ! ,tressure t is s well kn[n 9 ! blazonry ( ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,,scotl& diff]s1 9 be+ d\ble4 ,?is1 ! d\ble ,tressure ( ,scotl&1 is a comb9ation ( two su* s+le ,tressures z ,no4 #acf1 & x is produc$ f !m 9 ! mann] foll[+3--,f "o su* s+le ,tressure1 z ,no4 #acf1 all ! alt]nate heads & /alks ( ! fleurs de lys t po9t int]nally are cut away & remov$2 !n a second simil> ,tressure1 ( r small] size1 is d5ud$ ( all its ext]nal adornm5t1 & 9 t condition x is plac$ )9 ! =m] ,tressure1 leav+ a n>r[ int]val betwe5 ! two4 ,ea* compon5t half ( ?is d\ble ,tressure flory c\nt]flory1 accord+ly1 has its own indep5d5t s]ies ( demi-fleurs de lys1 ! /alks & heads ( ! fl[]s alt]nat+1 & ! "o alt]nate s]ies po9t+ ext]nally1 :ile ! o!r po9ts int]nally4 ,:5 9 comb9ation1 ^! two s]ies ( demi-fleurs de lys mu/ be s arrang$ t ! heads ( ! fl[]s 9 "o s]ies correspond ) _! /alks 9 ! o!r1 z 9 ,no4 #acg4 ,i am ?us p>ticul> 9 describ+ ! process ( produc+ ! ,royal ,tressure1 because x is frequ5tly to be se5 incorrectly drawn4 ,no4 #ach1 ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,,scotl&1 n[ display$ 9 ! second qu>t] ( ! ,royal ,arms ( ! ,,unit$ ,,k+dom1 is ?us blazon$--,or1 a lion rampt4 )9 a d\ble ,tressure flory c\nt]flory1 gu4 ,x w be obs]v$ t a n>r[ /rip ( ! gold5 field ( ?is ,%ield int]v5es betwe5 ! two ,tressures4 ,!re are _m f9e examples ( ?is ,%ield 9 ,scotti% ,seals2 9 ! ,g>t]-plate1 also1 ( ,,james ,v4 ( ,scotl&1 ,k4,g41 at ,w9dsor2 & on ! ,monum5ts 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey to ,,m>y ,que5 ( ,,scots 7,a4,d4 #afjd71 & to ! ,c\ntess ( ,,l5nox1 ! "m ( ,"l ,,d>nley 7,a4,d4 #aegg74 ,mr4 ,seton 7,scotti% ,h]aldry1 p4 #ddg7 /ates t ! ,tressure may be borne triple2 &1 aft] specify+ ! ,scotti% families ^u ^: ,%ields ! same hon\rable be>+ is blazon$1 he adds3--,9 ! coat ( ! ,m>quess ( ,,huntly1 ! ,tressure is fl[]$ ) fleurs de lys )91 & adorn$ ) cresc5ts )\t2 :ile 9 t ( ! ,e>l ( ,,ab]de5 x is fl[]$ & c\nt]-fl[]$ ) ?i/les1 roses1 & fleurs de lys alt]nately4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aci4--;,de ,waltone4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #adj4--,ri*>d1 ,e>l ( ,cornwall4 ,! ,,bordure 7,h4 #c71 z its "n implies1 =ms a bord] to a ,%ield3 x is borne bo? pla9 & *>g$4 ,?us1 = ,,de ,,waltone 7,e4 #b7--;,arg41 a cross pate sa41 )9 a ,bordure ind5t$ gu41 ,no4 #aci3 = ,,ri*>d1 ,e>l ( ,,cornwall1 second son ( ,k+ ,,john 7,h4 #c71--;,arg41 a lion rampt4 gu41 cr[n$ or1 )9 a ,bordure sa4 bezante1 ,no4 #adj4 ,! ,bordure1 & its important s]vices 9 ,h]aldry1 w be m fully consid]$ h]eaft]4 7,see ,*apt]s ,,xii4 & ,,xiii47 ,,flan*es are always borne 9 pairs2 b !y are n ( v e>ly date1 nor d !y (t5 appe> 9 blazon4 ,flan*es are =m$ by two curv$ l9es issu+ f ! *ief1 "o on ea* side ( ! ,%ield3 !y are %[n1 %ad$ = azure1 9 ,no4 #ada2 & 9 ,no4 #adb are _! ,dim9utives1 ,flasques or ,void]s1 %ad$ = gules4 ,b ^! dim9utives are h>dly ev] met )4 ,!re is a close resemblance betwe5 ^! *>ges & a peculi> dress worn by ,ladies ( rank 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies2 b x is n easy to det]m9e :e!r ! dress sugge/$ ! ,flan*es on ! ,%ield1 or 0 d]iv$ f !m4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is c]ta9--! dress mu/ h possess$ v decid$ good qualities1 s9ce x cont9u$ 9 fav\r = m ?an two c5turies4 ,x is rem>kable t _m ( ! anci5t ,greek ,%ields h pi]c$ ,flan*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ada4--;,flan*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #adb4--;,flasques4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #adc4--,mascle4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #add4--,ru/re4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ade4--;,de ,burgh1 ,e>l ( ,k5t4 ,! ,,loz5ge 7,e4 #b71 ,,mascle 7,h4 #c71 & ,,ru/re4 ,! ,loz5ge is a diamond-%ap$ figure1 or a p>allelogram set diagonally4 ,! ,mascle is a ,loz5ge void$ ( ! field1 ,no4 #adc2 & ! ,ru/re1 ,no4 #add1 is a ,loz5ge pi]c$ ) a circul> op5+4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,h]aldry ! ,loz5ge & ! ,mascle 7 evid5tly held to be id5tical4 ,! ,%ield ( ! fam\s ,,hub]t ,,de ,,burgh1 ,e>l ( ,,k5t1 9 ! e>ly ,rolls is blazon$ z mascule3 b 8 ,seal proves x to h be51 z 9 ,no4 #ade1 loz5gy vair & gu4 ,! ,loz5ge1 x w be rememb]$1 is always set erect ^u ! field ( a ,%ield4 ,! ,,fusil is an elongat$ ,loz5ge4 ,! ,arms ( ,,montacute or ,,montagu 7see ,no4 #bj7 are--,arg41 ?ree ,fusils conjo9$ 9 fesse gu41 ,no4 #bj3 ! ,arms ( ,,p]cy are--,az41 five fusils conjo9$ 9 fesse or4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bj4--,montacute4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #adf4--;,de9c\rt4 ,! ,,billet 7,h4 #c7 is a small elongat$ rectangul> figure4 ,?us1 = ,,de9c\rt1 ,no4 #adf--;,az41 billette1 a fesse dancette or4 ,! e>ly ,h]alds blazon$ a ,fesse ,dancette z simply a ,dancette or ,danse4 ,see also ,no4 #acj4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #adg4--;,campbell4 ,! ,,gyron1 a triangul> figure1 n kn[n 9 ,engli% blazon z a sep>ate *>ge 7except p]haps 9 ! "o case ( ! arms ( ,mortim]71 gives its title to ! gyronny field1 :i* is m commonly f\nd 9 ! ,h]aldry ( ! ,nor? ?an ( ! ,s\?4 ,! field gyronny g5]ally1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 ,scotl&1 is divid$ into eight pieces3 b ! divisions are sometimes six1 t51 twelve1 or ev5 sixte5 9 numb]4 ,a ,roll ( ! "t ( ,,h5ry ,,iii4 has1 = ,,w>9 ,,de ,,bas+borne--,g]ony d'or et d'azur4 ,! ,arms ( ,,campbell are--,gyronny or & sa41 ,no4 #adg4c ,"h1 :]e !re are eight pieces ( divisions1 x is n necess>y to specify ! numb]2 b if !y 7 ei!r m or less ?an eight ! blazon w\ld be--gyronny ( six1 ( t51 c4 ,footnote #c3 ,9 ! illu/ration ! col\rs are un=tunately rev]s$4 ,! ,,frette1 9 m rec5t ,h]aldry1 has g5]ally sup]s$$ ! orig9al field fretty4 ,?is int]lac$ design1 :e!r borne z a di/9ct figure1 z ,no4 #adh1 or repeat$ ov] ! field ( a ,%ield1 z 9 ,no4 #adi1 diff]s f a field loz5gy or gyronny1 9 be+ a be>+ *>g$ ^u ! field ( a ,%ield1 & n a =m ( v>i$ surface3 ,no4 #adi1 = ,,de ,,et*+ham 7,e4 #b71 is--,az41 fretty arg4 ,an e>ly v>iety or modification ( ,frette is ! ,trellis or ,treille1 9 :i* ! pieces d n int]lace1 b all ^? 9 b5d lie ov] all ^? 9 b5d s9i/]1 & !y are fa/5$ at ! cross+s ) nails--cl\e1 z 9 ,no4 #aej4 ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,trussell or ,,tressell 7,h4 #c7 be>s--,arg41 a trellis gu41 cl\e or4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #adh4--;,a ,frette4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #adi4--;,de ,et*+ham4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aej4--,trellis ,cl\e4 ,! ,,r\ndles1 or ,,r\ndlets4 ,^! simple figures1 9 con/ant use 9 e age ( ,h]aldry1 are divid$ into two gr\ps1 :i* correspond ) ! division ( ! ,t9ctures into ,metals & ,col\rs4 ,! fir/ gr\p conta9s ! two ,r\ndles ( ! ,metals1 :i* are flat discs3 #a1 ,! ,bezant1 or gold5 ,r\ndle1 ,no4 #aea1 :i* has app>5tly d]iv$ its "n f ! ,byzant9e co9s ) :i* ! ,crusad]s1 :5 9 ! ,ea/1 w\ld h be5 famili>4 #b1 ,! ,silv] ,r\ndle1 or ,plate1 is f ! ,spani% ,plata--silv]4 ,:5 ,bezants or ,plates appe> 9 consid]able numb]s1 ! field on :i* !y are *>g$ is said to be bezante or plate4 ,see ,no4 #adj4 ,! second gr\p conta9s ! five ,r\ndles ( ! ,col\rs1 :i* are globul>1 & are usually %ad$ accord+ly4 ,! ,torteau1 ,no4 #aeb1 9 ! plural ,torteaux1 is gules3 ! ,hurt is azure3 ! ,pellet or ,ogress is sable3 ! ,pomme is v]t3 & ! ,golpe is purpure4 ,^! di/9ctive titles1 :i* are m calculat$ to p]plex ! /ud5t ?an to simplify 8 /udy1 are ( comp>atively rec5t orig91 ! e>ly ,h]alds hav+ us$ ! t]ms ,bezant1 ,plate1 & ,torteau1 ) ! g5]al designations ,r\ndle & ,pellet1 add+ ! t9ctures = ! o!rs4 ,examples3--,az41 bezante1 = ,,wm4 ,,de ,,la ,,z\*e3 ,or1 on a fesse gu4 ?ree plates1 = ,,rog] ,,de ,,hunt+field3 ,arg41 t5 torteaux1 f\r1 ?ree1 two1 "o1 = ,,alex4 ,,giff>d 7all ,h4 #c74 ,see also ,nos4 #hj1 #hb4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aea4--;,bezant4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aeb4--,torteau4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aec4--;,f\nta94 ,a circul> figure or ,r\ndle t is b>ry wavy arg4 & az41 is blazon$ z a ,f\nta91 ,no4 #aec4 ,examples3--,arg41 ?ree f\nta9s1 = ,,welles3 ,arg41 a ,*evron sable betwe5 ?ree f\nta9s1 borne by a family nam$ ,sykes1 _! "n be+ an anci5t t]m signify+ a well or f\nta94 ,an ,annulet1 or a pla9 r+1 ,no4 #aed1 0 sometimes blazon$ z a false ,r\ndle--a ,r\ndle1 t is1 pi]c$1 & hav+ its c5tral area remov$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aed4--;,annulet4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry ,,section ,v ,miscellane\s ,*>ges3-- ,human ,be+s-- ,animals-- ,birds-- ,fi%-- ,reptiles & ,insects-- ,imag9>y ,be+s-- ,natural ,objects-- ,v>i\s ,artificial ,figures & ,devices-- ,appropriate ,descriptive ,epi!ts4 ,! ,=mes ( pure cele/iall bodies mixt ) grosse t]re/rials2 e>?ly animals ) wat]y2 sauage bea/s ) tame2 f[les ( prey ) home-br$2 ^! aga9 ) riu] f[les2 reptiles ) ?+s gressible2 a]y insecta ) e>?ly2 also ?+s naturall ) artificiall4 --,,guillim',s ,display ( ,h]aldry1 ,a4,d4 #afaa4 ,?us1 9 8 own qua9t fa%ion1 ! en?usia/ic old ,h]ald ( ! sev5te5? c5tury indicates ! numb] & v>iety ( ! ,*>ges1 :i* 9 process ( "t _h be5 introduc$ into ,armory ev5 be=e 8 era4 ,9 e>li] days ! ,*>ges ( ,h]aldry 7 mu* less v>i$1 comp>atively few 9 _! numb]s1 & g5]ally ( a simple "*4 ,x w readily be und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t fre% figures & devices w\ld cont9ually appe> 9 blazon2 & also t ^!1 9 _! turn1 w\ld lead ! way = ! introduction ( fur!r v>ieties & new modifications4 ,human ,be+s are ( v r>e occurr5ce1 except z ,support]s4 ,p>ts ( ! human frame con/antly appe>1 b !y are m g5]ally borne z ,cre/s ^u helms ?an z *>ges on %ields4 ,moor's heads or ,s>ac5's heads appe> 9 "s coats1 ) arms1 h&s & legs3 & a human he>t is well kn[n z a *>ge 9 ! coat ( ! fam\s h\se ( ,,d\glas1 :]e x 0 plac$ to commemorate ! duty entru/$ by ,,rob]t ,,bruce to ! good ,sir ,,james ,,d\glas1 t he %\ld be> ) him ! he>t ( 8 ,sov]eign & fri5d to ! ,holy ,l&1 & bury x !re4 ,sir ,james fell1 fight+ ) ! ,moors ( ,spa91 ,a4,d4 #accj4 ,?is ,%ield ( ,d\glas is a *>act]i/ic example ( ! gradual developm5t ( armorial composition4 ,ab\t ,a4,d4 #abij1 ! ,seal ( ,,william1 ,"l ,,d\glas1 displays 8 ,%ield1 ,no4 #aee1 be>+--,arg41 on a *ief az4 ?ree mullets ( ! field4 ,next1 ^u ! field ( ! ,%ield ( ,,william1 ,"l ,,d\glas1 ,a4,d4 #accc1 !re appe>s1 9 addition1 a human he>t gules1 z 9 ,no4 #aef4 ,&1 f9ally1 ! he>t is ensign$ ) a royal cr[n1 z 9 ,no4 #aeg1 ?is =m appe>+ z e>ly z #achg4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aee4--,%ield ( ,d\glas4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aef4--,%ield ( ,d\glas4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aeg4--,%ield ( ,d\glas4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aeh4--;,isle ( ,man4 ,! ,%ield ( ! anci5t k+dom ( ! ,,isle ,,( ,,man1 ,no4 #aeh1 /ill cont9ues to be ! h]aldic ensign ( t isl&3 x is--,gu41 ?ree human legs 9 arm\r ppr41 conjo9$ 9 ! fesse-po9t at ! upp] "p ( ! ?ighs1 & flex$ 9 triangle4 ,?is true curiosity ( ,h]aldry leads ,mr4 ,plan* to rem>k1 t ! arms ( ,,man are legs 7,pursuivant ( ,arms1 p4 #aab74 ,! ,%ield repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #aeh is drawn f an orig9al example ( ! age ( ,,edw>d ,i4 9 ! ,h]alds' ,college4 ,at lat] p]iods1 ! arm\r ( ! conjo9$ limbs is repres5t$ 9 con=mity ) ! usages !n preval5t1 & gold5 spurs are add$4 ,! anci5t symbol ( ! isl& ( ,sicily1 9 :i* ! limbs are )\t ei!r arm\r or clo?+1 has be5 repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #aj3 ?is device also appe>s 9 anci5t examples ) a human head at ! junction ( ! limbs4 ,?ree human arms1 unit$ 9 ! same mann]1 are borne on ! %ield ( ! m$ival family ( ,,trema9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aei4--,%ield ( ,/4 ,alban's ,abbey 7p>tly re/or$74 ,human figures1 w+$ & ve/$1 & design$ to repres5t ,,angels1 are occasionally introduc$ 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry1 _! (fice g5]ally be+ to act z ,support]s to armorial ,%ields4 ,f9e examples1 9 admirable pres]vation1 may be se5 boldly sculptur$ 9 ! noble timb]-ro( ( ,we/m9/] ,hall2 also 9 panels ov] ! pr9cipal entrance to ! ,hall1 & 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,abbey ( ,we/m9/]4 ,9 ! gr& ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,alban at ,/4 ,alban's1 num]\s o!r examples ( great excell5ce yet rema91 ! works ( ,abbot ,john de ,:ea?am/$e1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #addj4 ,9 ,no4 #aei ,i give a repres5tation ( ! ,%ield ( ,arms ( ! ,abbey ( ,,/4 ,,alban--,az41 a saltire or1 support$ by ,angels1 & ! ,%ield ensign$ by ! ,mitre ( ,abbot ,?omas ,de la ,m]e1 z x is repres5t$ 9 8 noble ,brass 9 ! ,abbey ,*ur*4 ,! ,%ield & ! ,angel ,figures are ! "w ( ,abbot ,john4 ,! ,heads ( ! ,figures1 :i* are de/roy$ 9 ! orig9al1 are re/or$ f /a9$ glass ( ! same p]iod 9 ! ,abbey ,*ur*4 ,figures ( ,angels hold+ ,%ields ( ,arms--ea* figure hav+ a %ield 9 front ( its brea/1 are frequ5tly sculptur$ z corbels 9 ,go?ic *ur*es4 ,9 ! e>lie/ ,rolls ( ,arms1 ! ,lion is ! only animal t is f\nd 9 blazon1 ) ! sole addition ( ,bo>'s heads4 ,de]1 dogs1 bulls1 calves1 rams1 & a few o!r animals subsequ5tly appe> to %>e h]aldic s]vice & hon\rs ) ! k+ ( bea/s4 ,9 mod]n ,armory1 h[ev]1 almo/ e liv+ creature has be5 requir$ to dis*>ge su* duties z ,h]alds h be5 pleas$ to assign to !m4 ,! ,lion ( ,h]aldry ,i leave to be consid]$1 ) ! ,eagle1 9 ! next ,*apt]4 ,9 comp>atively e>ly blazon1 ! ,be> is borne by ,,fitz ,,urse3 ! ,calf1 by ,,calveley & ,,de ,,vele3 ! ,ram1 by ,,ramsey & ,,ramryge3 ! ,lamb1 by ,,lamb]t & ,,lambton3 ! ,ott] 7l\tre1 9 ,fr5*71 by ,,luttrel3 ! ,h$gehog 7,fr41 h]rison71 by ,,de ,,h]iz1 aft]w>ds ,,h>ris3 & s also1 9 l mann]1 "s o!r animals appe> z armes p>lantes 7see p4 #af74 ,) ! lordly ,eagle a few o!r ,birds are associat$ 9 e>ly ,h]aldry3 &1 aft] a :ile1 o!rs jo9 !m1 includ+ ! ,falcon1 ,o/ri*1 ,swan1 ,peacock or ,pawne1 & ! ,pelican borne bo? z a symbol ( sacr$ significance1 & also by ! ,,pelhams f be+ allusive to _! "n4 ,cocks1 ) ! same allusive motive1 7 borne by ,,cockayne3 ,p>rots1 blazon$ z ,pop9jays1 appe> z e>ly z ,,h5ry ,,iii43 & 9 a ,roll ( ,,edw>d ,,ii41 ! ,sire ,,m\npynzon has a ,lion *>g$ on ! %\ld] ) a ,*aff9*--9 ,fr5* a ,p9son4 ,! fav\rite bird1 h[ev]1 ( ! e>ly ,h]alds is ! ,m>tlet1 ! h]aldic ,m>t91 a ne> relative ( ! ,swall[ or ,hirondelle4 ,! ,m>tlet is practically always repres5t$ 9 pr(ile1 at re/1 & ) its w+s clos$4 ,! few exceptions are mod]n4 ,9 "s e>ly examples ! feet are %[n1 z 9 ,no4 #afj3 b1 9 ! ,%ield ( ,e>l ,,wm4 ,,de ,,val5ce 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ,a4,d4 #abif1 ! ,m>tlet appe>s feetless1 z 9 ,no4 #afa2 & at a lat] p]iod ?is mode ( repres5tation 0 g5]ally adopt$4 ,fr5* ,h]alds deprive _! ,m>tlets ( beak z well z feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #afj4--;,e>ly ,m>tlet4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #afa4--,m>tlet4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #afb4--;,bann] ( ,de ,b>re4 ,z ! symbol ( a "n1 writes ,mr4 ,m\le1 almo/ all ,fi% h be5 us$ 9 ,h]aldry2 & 9 _m in/ances ,fi% h be5 assum$ 9 ,arms 9 ref]5ce to ! produce ( ! e/ate1 giv+ to ! qua9t device a tw(old int]e/ 7,h]aldry ( ,fi%1 p #ac74 ,! e>lie/ examples are ! ,b>bel1 ! ,dolph91 ! ,luce 7or ,pike71 ! ,h]r+1 & ! ,roa*4 ,9 conjunction ) fi% we may p]haps consid] ! ,escallop :i*1 z a *>ge1 belongs to ! e>lie/ p]iod ( ,h]aldry4 ,! ,b>bel1 s nam$ f ! b>bs atta*$ to its m\? to assi/ x 9 its se>* = food1 0 introduc$ into ,engli% ,h]aldry by ,,john1 ,c\nt ,,de ,,b>re1 ^: eld] bro!r m>ri$ ,,alianore1 elde/ daught] ( ,,edw>d ,i4 ,at ,c>lav]ock he display$1 z ! *ronicl] has record$1 a blue bann]1 crusilly1 ) two ,b>bels ( gold1 & a r$ bord] en-grail$1 ,no4 #afb4 ,! ,dolph91 borne by ,,giles ,,de ,,fi%b\rne 7,h4 #c71 & aft]w>ds introduc$ into sev]al ,engli% ,%ields1 is be/ kn[n z ! armorial ensign ( ! ,,dauph91 ! elde/ son & heir app>5t ( ! ,k+s ( ,france1 :o bore1 m>%all$ ) ! arms ( ,,france--,or1 a ,dolph9 az4 ,?is title ( ,dauph9 0 fir/ assum$ by ,,*>les ,v41 :o succe$$ to ! ,cr[n ( ,france 9 #acfd4 ,9 ,no4 #h ,i h %[n aft] :at mann] ! ,dolph9 0 repres5t$ by an anci5t ,greek ,arti/3 9 ! ,middle ,ages ! h]aldic ,dolph9 appe>$ z 9 ,no4 #afc4 ,,geffrey ,,de ,,lucy 7,h4 #c7 be>s--,gu41 ?ree ,lucies or4 ,on 8 m>riage ) ! heiress ( ,,an?ony1 ,"l ,,lucy1 9 #acfi1 ,,h5ry1 f\r? ,"l ,,p]cy ( ,alnwick1 qu>t]$ ^! ?ree fi%1 ) 8 own lion 7blue on a gold5 field7 & 8 fusils 7gold on a blue field71 ^u ! well-kn[n ,%ield ( ! ,e>ls ( ,,nor?umb]l& 7,*apt] ,,xi74 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #afc4--;,dolph94 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #afe4--;,escallop4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #afd4--;,de ,lucy4 ,ano!r ,c>lav]ock ,bann]et1 ,,rob]t ,,de ,,scales1 :om ! *ronicl] decl>es to h be5 bo? h&some & amiable z well z gallant 9 action1 _h six escallops ( silv] on a r$ bann]4 ,?is beautiful *>ge ( ! escallop1 happy 9 its association ) ! pilgrims ( ! old5 "t1 & always held 9 high e/eem by ,h]alds1 is g5]ally drawn z 9 ,no4 #afe4 ,reptiles & ,insects occur b r>ely 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry4 ,bees1 ,flies1 ,butt]flies1 & ,snails are sometimes f\nd1 b !y h no place 9 ! e>lie/ ,rolls ( ,arms4 ,bees1 z might be expect$1 appe> 9 ! ,arms ( ,beeston4 ,azure1 ?ree ,butt]flies1 are ! ,arms ( ,,mus*amp1 & !y are c>v$ twice 9 ! vault+ ( ! cloi/]s at ,cant]bury4 ,^u a monum5tal brass 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,:ea?amp/ead1 9 ,h]t=d%ire1 ! ,%ield ( ,,hugo ,,bo/ock 7ab\t ,a4,d4 #adce7 be>s1--,arg41 ?ree ,bats1 _! w+s display$1 sa4 ,imag9>y & ,fabul\s ,be+s1 "s ( !m ! creations ( h]aldic fancy :5 9 a /rangely ecc5tric mood1 frequ5tly appe> z ,support]s2 &1 9 "s cases1 !y take a "p 9 ! blazonry ( ,%ields1 or !y are borne indep5d5tly z ,badges4 ,a v brief description 7all t is necess>y7 ( ! great] numb] ( ^! mon/]s ( unnatural hi/ory w be giv5 9 ! ,gloss>y ( h]aldic t]ms1 9 ,*apt] ,x42 consequ5tly1 x is en\gh "h m]ely to ref] to !m z hav+ a place 9 blazon4 ,! ,griff9 or ,gryphon1 ! mo/ wor?y ( ! gr\p1 is comp>atively common4 ,! ,dragon & ! ,wiv]n or ,wyv]n1 bo? ( !m w+$ mon/]s1 diff] 9 ?is respect1 t ! =m] has f\r legs1 :ile ! latt] has two only4 ,9 e>ly blazon ?is di/9ction 0 n always obs]v$4 ,! ,cockatrice1 always hav+ two legs1 is a ,wyv]n ) a cock's head4 ,natural ,objects ( all k9ds are blazon$ z ,*>ges ( ,h]aldry1 & !y w be f\nd describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 _! prop] places 9 ,*apt] ,x4 ,!y include ! ,sun1 ! ,moon1 ! ,/>s2 also su* t]re/rial objects z ,trees1 ,fl[]s1 ,fruits1 ,%eaves & ,e>s ( ,corn1 ,leaves1 ,*aplets1 c4 ,& ) ^! ,*>ges ,i may gr\p ! always beautiful ,fleur de ,lys1 & ! ,trefoil1 ,quatrefoil1 ,c9quefoil1 & ,sixfoil4 ,( ! v>i\s ,artificial ,figures & ,devices t ,h]alds h *>g$ ^u ,%ields ( ,arms1 x w be unnecess>y = me to give detail$ descriptions1 except :5 ei!r ! h]aldic "n may require explanation1 or "s special circum/ances connect$ ) any p>ticul> figure or device may imp>t to x peculi> claims = att5tion4 ,aga9 ,i ref] to ! ,gloss>y = notices & examples ( all ,*>ges ( ?is class--,annulets1 ,buckles1 ,ca/les1 ,cr[ns1 ,cups1 ,horse%oes1 ,keys1 ,knots1 ,sickles1 ,/irrups1 ,trumpets1 & _m o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aff;,a4--,cresc5t ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aff;,b4--,incresc5t ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aff;,c4--,decresc5t ,9 blazon+ ,*>ges ( v>i\s classes1 ,h]alds employ appropriate ,epi!ts & descriptive ,t]ms1 ( :i* ! foll[+ are *>act]i/ic examples3--,! ,sun is 9 spl5d\r4 ,! ,moon1 :5 full1 is 9 h] complem5t3 %e is a ,cresc5t :5 %e appe>s 9 ,no4 #aff1 ,a3 %e is ,incresc5t :5 z 9 ,no4 #aff1 ,b3 & %e is ,decresc5t :5 z 9 ,no4 #aff1 ,c4 ,animals & ,birds ( prey are said to be arm$ ( _! talons1 tee?1 & claws4 ,all horn$ animals1 also1 except ,/ags & ,antelopes1 are arm$ ( _! horns2 & a ,cock is arm$ ( 8 spurs2 :il/ ,griff9s & birds ( prey are arm$ ( _! beaks & claws 7i4e4 ! "p ( ! leg :i* is unfea!r$74 ,animals are ho($ or ungul$ ( _! ho(s2 & langu$ ( _! tongues4 ,fi]ce animals are vorant ( _! prey1 :5 repres5t$ 9 ! act ( dev\r+ x4 ,de]1 :5 repos+1 are lodg$ ,nos4 #be & #bf3 :5 /&+1 & look+ out f ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #afg1 at gaze3 :5 9 easy motion1 !y are t]m$ trippant1 or sometimes ! ^w tripp+ is sub/itut$1 ,no4 #afh3 & :5 9 rapid motion1 !y are c\rant1 at spe$1 or sometimes describ$ z 9 full c\rse1 ,no4 #afi4 ,! male ,/ag is sometimes t]m$ a ,h>t1 & ! female a ,h9d4 ,!re is really a di/9ction betwe5 ! ,buck & ! ,/ag1 b x is v usually disreg>d$ 9 ,h]aldry4 ,! antl]s ( ! ,h>t are ,attires1 _! bran*es are ,tynes2 & !y are said to be attir$ ( _! antl]s4 ,a ,/ag's head full-fac$1 b )\t ! neck1 z ,no4 #agj1 is caboss$ or cabo%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #afg4--;,at ,gaze4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #afi4--;,at ,spe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #afh4--,tripp+4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #agj4--,/ag's ,head ,caboss$4 ,eagles & ,hawks ) exp&$ w+s1 z 9 ,no4 #bjf1 are display$4 ,exp&$ w+s may be elevat$1 or1 if droop+1 inv]t$ or 9 lure4 ,birds ab\t to take w+ are ris+2 :5 9 flight1 !y are volant2 :5 at re/1 !y are close4 ,a ,bird trusses its prey4 ,a ,peacock hav+ its tail exp&$ is 9 its pride2 & ?is same expression is appli$ to ! ,turkey4 ,a ,pelican1 :5 fe$+ its "y1 is said to be 9 h] piety1 b may be m]ely vuln+ h]self if ! "y are n repres5t$4 ,a ,swan1 :5 blazon$ prop]1 is :ite ) r$ legs & black beak4 ,fi%1 repres5t$ swimm+ 9 fesse1 are naiant2 if !y are 9 pale1 !y are hauriant1 ,no4 #afd2 b if _! heads are to ! base1 ! t]m ur9ant is said to apply1 b ,i _c say ,i h s f> come across an au!nticat$ in/ance ( ! use ( ?is ^w2 if _! bodies are b5t1 z ! ,dolph9 is g5]ally repres5t$1 !y are emb[$1 ,no4 #afc4 ,fi%1 also1 are said to be f9n$ ( _! f9s4 ,insects are volant4 ,reptiles are glid+2 or1 if !y are tw9$ into knots1 n[$4 ,trees ( mature gr[? are accru$2 :5 ) leaves1 9 foliage 7b ^! two t]ms are s seldom us$ t !y may be entirely disreg>d$72 ) fruit or se$s1 fruct$ or se$$2 if )\t leaves1 bla/$2 & if _! roots are expos$1 eradicat$4 ,bran*es or leaves torn (f are slipp$4 ,! t]ms :i* d5ote ! attitudes ( ,lions1 all ( !m describ$ 9 ! next *apt]1 are equally applicable to o!r animals4 ,"s o!r descriptive t]ms1 n notic$ "h1 w be f\nd 9 ! ,gloss>y 9 ,*apt] ,x4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry ,,section ,,vi ,! ,lion & ! ,eagle 9 ,h]aldry ,! ,,lion & a ,k+ ( ,bea/s4 --,,%akespe>e1 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 ,! ,,eagle1 ennobl$ by ,nature 9 z high a degree ( nobility z ! *iefe/ ( ! t]re/rial animals1 is ! mo/ hon\rable be>+ ( ,birds4 --,,gwillim 7,edition ( #agbd74 ,! regal dignity ( ! ,,lion among/ ! creatures t are quadrup$s1 l himself1 w\ld naturally secure = him a position ( correspond+ em95ce 9 ,h]aldry4 ,f ! dawn ( ! h]aldic era1 accord+ly1 ! ,lion is blazon$ on ! ,%ields ( ,sov]eigns1 ,pr9ces1 & ,nobles4 ,! tressur$ ,lion has be5 already notic$ ^u ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,,scotl&1 ,no4 #ach2 & a cr[n$ ,lion has also appe>$ 9 ! same attitude1 borne by an ,engli% ,pr9ce1 ,,ri*>d1 ,e>l ( ,,cornwall1 ,no4 #adj4 ,f ! "t t !y fir/ possess$ any true armorial insignia1 ! ,sov]eigns ( ! ,realm ( ,,engl& h borne ,lions ^u _! ,royal ,%ield4 ,a ,lion 0 ! ,ensign ( ! ,native ,pr9ces ( ,,wales1 z he 0 ( ! ,k+s ( ,,leon1 ( ,,norway1 & ( ,,d5m>k1 & ( ! ,c\nts ( ,,holl&1 ,,ha9ault1 ,,eu1 c4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 ! ,lion 0 9 high fav\r ) ! mo/ noble & p[]ful ,b>ons ( ,engl&--! ,,m[brays1 ,,bohuns1 ,,longespees1 ,,fitz-,,alans1 ,,lacies1 ,,p]cies1 ,,segraves1 & su* z !y4 ,x 0 a necess>y consequ5ce ( 8 great popul>ity t ! ,lion ( ,h]aldry %\ld be blazon$ 9 v>i\s attitudes1 & also v>i\sly t9ctur$1 o!rwise x w\ld n be possible duly to di/+ui% ! ,lions ( diff]5t ,%ields4 ,h]alds ( all c\ntries appe> readily to h p]mitt$ _! ,lions to lay aside _! natural tawny hue1 & 9 its /ead to assume ! h]aldic or1 arg5t1 azure1 gules1 & sable2 b ,cont95tal ,h]alds 7 n g5]ally dispos$ to recognise 9 _! ,lions any o!r attitude ?an ! "o :i* !y held to be consi/5t ) _! ,lion "*1 in/9cts1 & habits--erect1 t is1 ) "o h9d paw only on ! gr\nd1 look+ =w>d t[>ds _! prey1 s z to %[ b "o eye1 & evid5tly 9 ! act ( prep>+ to spr+4 ,?is und\bt$ly mo/ *>act]i/ic attitude is rampant1 ,no4 #aga3 & only :5 he 0 9 ?is rampant attitude did ! e>ly ,h]alds consid] any ,lion to be a ,lion1 & blazon him by 8 true "n4 ,a ,lion walk+ & look+ ab\t him1 ! e>ly ,h]alds held to be act+ ! "p ( a leop>d3 consequ5tly1 :5 he 0 9 any su* attitude1 !y blazon$ him z a leop>d4 ,! animal be>+ t "n bore x simply z an h]aldic title1 :i* di/+ui%$ a ,lion 9 a p>ticul> attitude4 ,^! h]aldic leop>ds 7 drawn 9 e respect z o!r h]aldic lions1 )\t spots or any leop>di% di/9ction :atev]4 ,?is expla9s ! usage1 reta9$ till late 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :i* assign$ to ! ,lions ( ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,engl& ! "n ( leop>ds4 ,!y 7 s call$1 n by ! enemies ( ,engl& = d]ision & insult1 z "s p]sons1 9 _! ignorance ( e>ly ,h]aldry1 h be5 pleas$ bo? to imag9e & to ass]t2 b ! ,engli% ,k+s & ,pr9ces1 :o well knew _! ,lions to be ,lions1 9 blazon /yl$ !m leop>ds1 because !y also knew t ,lions 9 ! attitude ( _! ,lions 7 h]aldic leop>ds4 ,:5 at l5g? ! necessity ( v>y+ ! attitude ( _! ,lions 0 admitt$ by all ,h]alds1 9 consequ5ce ( ! greatly increas$ numb]s ( ! be>]s ( ,lions1 "s /rict adh]5ts to ! orig9al di/9ctive nom5clature blazon$ any ,lion t 0 n rampant by ! comp\nd t]m ( a lion-leop>d1 or a lion-leop>d4 ,b t controv]sy has long be5 at re/4 ,! foll[+ t]ms are n[ 9 use to d5ote ! v>i\s attitudes ( ! ,lion 9 ,h]aldry3-- ,rampant3 erect1 "o h9d paw on ! gr\nd1 ! o!r ?ree paws elevat$1 ! animal look+ =w>d & hav+ 8 tail elevat$1 ,no4 #aga4 ,rampant ,gu>dant3 z be=e1 b look+ out f ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #agb4 ,rampant ,regu>dant3 z be=e1 b look+ backw>ds4 ,passant3 walk+1 ?ree paws on ! gr\nd1 ! dext] =e-paw be+ elevat$1 look+ =w>d1 ! tail display$ ov] ! back1 ,no4 #agc4 ,passant ,gu>dant3 z be=e1 b look+ out f ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #agd4 ,passant ,regu>dant3 z be=e1 b look+ backw>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aga4--,rampant4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #agb4--,rampant ,gu>dant4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #agc4--,passant4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #agd4--,passant ,gu>dant4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #age4--,/atant4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #agf4--,/atant ,gu>dant4 ,/atant3 /&+1 8 f\r paws on ! gr\nd1 & look+ be=e him1 ,no4 #age4 ,/atant ,gu>dant3 z be=e1 b look+ out f ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #agf3 9 ?is example ! ,lion has 8 tail ext5d$1 b ?is w\ld be specifi$ 9 ! blazon1 z x is an unusual position4 ,9 l mann]1 if ! tail ( a ,lion 9 any o!r attitude be ext5d$1 !re mu/ be a /atem5t to t effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #agg4--;,c\*ant4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #agh4--,sejant4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #agi4--;,dormant4 ,sejant3 sitt+ d[n ) 8 head elevat$1 ,no4 #agh4 ,if he looks out f ! ,%ield1 ! ^w ,gu>dant is to be add$4 ,a ,scotti% ,lion sejant usually has 8 =e paws rais$ 9 ! air1 & 9 ,engli% t]ms ( blazon w\ld be describ$ z ,sejant erect or ,sejant rampant4 ,c\*ant3 is at re/1 ! =e legs /ret*$ on ! gr\nd1 z ,no4 #agg4 ,dormant3 asleep1 head re/+ on =e paws1 ,no4 #agi4 ,sali5t3 9 ! act ( spr++1 ! h9d paws on ! gr\nd1 bo? ! =e paws elevat$1 ,no4 #ahj4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ahj4--,sali5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aha4--;,d\ble-queu$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ahb4--;,c[>d4 ,queue f\r*e3 hav+ a =k$ tail4 ,d\ble-queu$3 two tails1 z ,no4 #aha1 :i* is a lion rampant d\ble-queu$4 ,c[>d3 passant regu>dant1 8 tail betwe5 8 legs1 ,no4 #ahb4 ,two ,lions rampant1 :5 face to face1 are ,c\nt] rampant1 or ,combatant3 :5 back to back1 !y are ,addors$3 :5 passant or sali5t 9 contr>y directions1 !y are ,c\nt] passant or ,c\nt] sali5t4 ,lions1 :atev] _! t9cture1 except x be r$1 or !y are *>g$ on a field ( t t9cture1 are arm$ & langu$ gules2 b azure 9 ! case ( ei!r ( ^! exceptions1 unless ! contr>y be specifi$ 9 ! blazon4 ,:5 sev]al ,lions appe> 9 "o composition1 or :5 !y are drawn to a comp>atively v small scale1 !y are sometimes blazon$ z ,lioncels4 ,?is t]m ,lioncel1 x mu/ be add$1 :5 us$ alone1 d5otes a small ,lion rampant4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ahc4--,lion's ,head4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ahd4--,lion's ,face4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ahe4--,lion's ,jambe4 ,a ,lion's head is a ,*>ge3 x may be eras$1 z 9 ,no4 #ahc2 or cut (f smoo?1 :5 x is c\p$4 ,a ,lion's face also is a ,*>ge1 ,no4 #ahd2 s is 8 jambe or paw1 ,no4 #ahe4 ,a demi-lion rampant is ! upp] half ( 8 body & ! extremity ( 8 tuft$ tail1 z 9 ,no4 #ahf4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ahf4--;,demi-,lion ,rampant4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ahg4--;,engl&4 ,! ,,lions ,,( ,,engl& are gold5 ,lions leop>d1 ?ree 9 numb]1 plac$ "o above ! o!r on a r$ ,%ield4 ,!y are blazon$--,gu41 ?ree ,lions pass4 gu>d41 9 pale1 or1 ,no4 #ahg4 ,a ,lion 9 ?is attitude1 ( ?is t9cture1 & on a field gules1 may be blazon$ z a ,lion ( ,engl&4 ,^! ?ree ,lions fir/ appe> ^u ! second ,great ,seal ( ,,ri*>d ,i41 ,a4,d4 #aaid1 on ! ,%ield ( ! ,k+1 ,no4 #ahh4 ,an e>li] ,seal1 us$ by ,pr9ce ,,john be=e 8 bro!r's accession1 has a ,%ield *>g$ ) two ,lions only1 & !y are passant1 ,no4 #ahi4 ,! fir/ ,great ,seal ( ! lion-he>t$ ,k+ has a ,%ield1 b[$ 9 its cont\r1 & *>g$ ) a s+le ,lion rampant fac+ to ! s9i/]1 or c\nt]-rampant1 ,no4 #aij2 & x has be5 conjectur$ t1 7 ! :ole face ( ?is ,%ield visible1 a second ,lion rampant fac+ to ! dext] w\ld appe>1 ?us *>g+ ! ,%ield ) two ,lions combattant2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is a conjecture :i* is n support$ by ! au?ority ( _m ,%ields ( ! same =m4 ,a r$ ,%ield *>g$ ) two gold5 ,lions passant gu>dant 9 pale 7,no4 #bb71 & !re=e closely resembl+ ,no4 #ahi1 z ,i h already %[n1 has be5 assign$ to ,,william ,i41 & 8 two sons & 8 gr&son1 ,,william ,,ii41 ,,h5ry ,i41 & ,,/eph54 ,! ,%ield be>+ ! ?ree ,lions1 ,no4 #ahg1 has be5 assign$ to ,,h5ry ,,ii41 b x fir/ makes its appe>ance on ! ,great ,seal ( 8 son4 ,! probability is t up to ?is p]iod ! device 0 simply a lion1 indet]m9ate 9 position or numb]s4 ,?is same ,%ield has cont9u$1 f ! "t ( ,,ri*>d ,i41 to display ! ,,royal ,,arms ( ! ,,realm ,,( ,,engl&3 h[1 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 ^! ,arms become gr\p$ ) o!r insignia1 ,i %all pres5tly h to %[4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ahh4--,ri*>d ,i4--#bnd ,gt4 ,seal4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aij4--,ri*>d ,i4--#a/ ,gt4 ,seal4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ahi4--,pr9ce ,john4--,seal4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aia4--,le ,/range4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aib4--;,giff>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aic4--,m[bray4 ,! ,lion passant is c>efully di/+ui%$ 9 ! e>lie/ ,rolls z a diff]5t ,*>ge f ! ,lion passant gu>dant4 ,?us 7,h4 #c71 = ,,hamon ,,le ,,/range--,gu41 two ,lions passant arg41 ,no4 #aia2 & = ,,john ,,giff>d--,gu41 ?ree ,lions pass4 arg41 ,no4 #aib3 = ,sir ,,ni*olas ,,c>ew 7,e4 #b71--,or1 ?ree ,lions pass4 sa4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aid4--;,de ,lacy4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aie4--;,de ,segrave4 ,f ! num]\s e>ly ,%ields :i* be> ,lions rampant1 ,i select ! foll[+ examples1 associat$ ) names illu/ri\s 9 ,engli% ,hi/ory4 ,= ,,rog] ,,de ,,m[bray 7,h4 #c7--;,gu41 a ,lion rampt4 arg41 ,no4 #aic3 ?is ,coat is qu>t]$ by ! pres5t ,"l ,,m[bray1 ,,segrave & ,,/\rton4 ,= ,,fitz-,,alan1 ,e>l ( ,,arundel--,gu41 a ,lion rampt4 or 7,h4 #c71 ,no4 #aic4 ,= ,,de ,,laci1 ,e>l ( ,,l9coln--,or1 a ,lion rampt4 purpure 7,e4 #b71 ,no4 #aid4 ,= ,sir ,,john ,,de ,,segrave 7,e4 #b7--,sa41 a ,lion rampt4 arg41 cr[n$ or1 ,no4 #aie4 ,= ,,p]cy1 ,e>l ( ,,nor?umb]l&--,or1 a ,lion rampt4 az41 ,no #aif3 ?is ,%ield is drawn f ! f9e c\nt]-seal ( ,sir ,,h5ry ,,de ,,p]cy1 fir/ ,"l ( ,alnwick1 :o di$ ,a4,d4 #acae4 ,two ,%ields ( ! ,,de ,,bohuns1 ,nos4 #aad1 #aae1 already describ$1 exemplify ! display ( ,lioncels z h]aldic *>ges4 ,an e>li] ,%ield1 *>g$ ) six ,lioncels1 b )\t any ,ord9>y1 0 borne by ,,fair ,,rosamond',s son1 ,,william ,,longesp,e1 ,e>l ( ,,salisbury1 ,a4,d4 #abbf3 x is boldly sculptur$ ) 8 noble effigy 9 ,salisbury ,ca!dral1 & x also appe>s ^u 8 ,seal--,az41 six ,lioncels or1 ,no4 #aig4 ,! ,roll ( ,edw>d ,,ii41 confirm$ by 8 ,seal1 gives = ,sir ,,wm4 ,,de ,,leyb\rne ! same composition1 ) a diff]5ce 9 ! t9ctur+--,az41 six ,lioncels arg4 ,o!r memb]s ( ! same family *ange ^! t9ctures = gules & or1 gules & arg5t1 & or & sable 7,e4 #b74 ,examples ( ,%ields :i* be> ,lions or ,lioncels ) v>i\s o!r *>ges w be describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 succe$+ *apt]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aif4--;,de ,p]cy4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aig4--,longespe4 ,lions also fulfil important duties ( high hon\r 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry z ,cre/s & ,support]s1 & also z ,badges4 ,f ! "t ( ,,edw>d ,,iii4 a ,cr[n$ ,lion1 at ! fir/ /&+ on a ,cap ( ,e/ate1 & aft]w>ds ^u ! ,cr[n1 has be5 ! ,royal ,cre/ ( ,,engl&2 a ,lion also has always be5 ! ,royal ,cre/ ( ,,scotl& 7see ,*apt] ,,xviii474 ,! ,pr9ces ( ! ,royal ,h\ses ( ,engl&1 9 l mann]1 h always borne ! ,royal ,lion di/+ui%$ by "s ,m>k ( ,cad5cy 7see ,*apt] ,,xii473 ,no4 #aih is ! ,lion ,cre/ ( ! ,,black ,,pr9ce1 f 8 ,monum5t at ,cant]bury1 ! ,lion diff]5c$ ) ! ,pr9ce's silv] label4 ,! ,lion also appe>s z ! ,cre/ ( _m noble & di/+ui%$ families1 z ! ,,de ,,bohuns1 ! ,,p]cies1 & ! ,,h[>ds4 ,! ,lion ,cre/ ( ,,ri*>d ,,ii41 sculptur$ /atant gu>dant ^u 8 helm1 ) a *apeau & mantl+1 & ) ! ,badge ( two ,o/ri* fea!rs1 9 ,we/m9/] ,hall1 is )\t any cr[n3 ,no4 #aii4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aih4--;,cre/ ( ,black ,pr9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aii4--;,cre/ ( ,ri*>d ,,ii4 ,z a ,royal ,support] ( ! ,arms ( ,engl&1 ! ,lion appe>s 9 company ) "s o!r creature f ! "t ( ,,h5ry ,,vi41 ,,edw>d ,,iv4 sometimes hav+ 8 ,%ield support$ by two ,lions4 ,on ! accession ( ,,james ,i4 ( ,great ,brita91 ! ,royal ,lion ,support] =m$ t alliance ) ! ,unicorn ( ,scotl& :i* /ill cont9ues1 & w cont9ue1 x is to be hop$1 ?r\gh\t all "t4 ,lions1 z ,i %all po9t out m 9 detail 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi41 7 frequ5tly introduc$ into ! composition ( ,seals be=e true h]aldic ,support]s 7 9 use4 ,9 m rec5t ,h]aldry ! ,lion is a fav\rite ,support]3 he n[ appe>s support+ ! ,%ields ( ! ,dukes ( ,,norfolk1 ,,argyll1 ,,a?oll1 ,,b$=d1 ,,grafton1 ,,nor?umb]l&1 ,,portl&1 & ,,well+ton2 also1 ) _m o!rs1 ^? ( ! ,m>quesses ( ,,ba?1 ,,exet]1 ,,head=t1 & ,,salisbury2 ( ! ,e>ls ( ,,albem>le1 ,,br[nl[1 ,,c>lisle1 ,,c>n>von1 ,,cork1 ,,essex1 & ,,h>dwick2 ( ! ,visc\nt ,,h>d+e2 & ( ! ,b>ons ,,arundel1 ,,camoys1 ,,dunboyne1 ,,monson1 ,,m[bray1 ,,petre1 & ,,s\?ampton4 ,z a ,support] ! ,lion is repres5t$ rampant1 rampant regu>dant1 & sejant rampant4 ,lions also1 & ,demi-,lions1 are frequ5tly borne z mod]n ,cre/s4 ,9 our own treatm5t ( ! ,lions ( ,h]aldry1 :atev] _! attitude or t9cture1 :atev] also ! position !y may occupy or ! h]aldic duty !y may dis*>ge1 we are always to draw & to blazon !m z true h]aldic ,lions1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 9 _! expression & g5]al *>act]i/ics !y are to be g5u9e ,lions4 ,9 becom+ fell[%ip ) ! ,lion1 ! ,,eagle appe>s 9 ! e>lie/ ,engli% ,rolls & examples ( ,arms4 ,! ,royal bird1 h[ev]1 does n occur 9 ,engli% blazon s frequ5tly z ! ,lion2 & 8 appe>ance (t5 d5otes an alliance ) ,g]man ,pr9ces4 ,a ,roll ( ,arms 7pr9t$ 9 ,ar*ologia1 ,,xxx47 ( ! ye> #abge comm5ces ) ! ,%ields ( ! ,,emp]or ,,( ,,g]many1 & ( ! ,,k+ ,,( ,,g]many1 :i* are sev]ally blazon$ z1--,or1 an ,eagle display$ hav+ two heads sa41 &1 ,or1 an ,eagle display$ sable4 ,9 ,york ,ca!dral1 9 /a9$ glass1 !re are ,%ields ) bo? ! d\ble-head$ & ! s+le-head$ ,eagles1 all ( !m ,g]man1 :i* may be consid]$ to h be5 execut$ be=e ! ye> #acaj4 ,9 ! nor? *oir-aisle at ,we/m9/]1 ! ,%ield 7n[ mutilat$7 ( ! ,emp]or ,,fr$]ick ,,ii4 is boldly sculptur$ by an h]aldic arti/ ( ! "t ( our ,,h5ry ,,iii41 ,no4 #bjj2 "h ! ,eagle _h "o head only4 ,! ,g]man ,emp]ors naturally adopt$ ! ,eagle = _! h]aldic ,ensign1 9 support ( _! claim to be successors to ! ,roman ,cs>s2 & ! ,russian ,cz>s1 ) ! same motive1 h also assum$ ! same ensign4 ,! ,eagle hav+ two heads1 :i* sev]ally look to ! dext] & ! s9i/]1 z 9 ,no4 #bja1 typifi$ a rule t claim$ to ext5d ov] bo? ! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n ,empires2 z ! ,eagle ) a s+le head1 ,no4 #bjb1 might be consid]$ to h a less compreh5sive signification4 ,! ,eagles ( ! ,pr9ces ( ,g]many are frequ5tly to be f\nd1 blazon$ = !m1 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bjj4--;,9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bja4--;,imp]ial ,eagle4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bjb4--,royal ,eagle4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bjc4--;,cornwall4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bjd4--,seal ( ,euphemia ,leslie4 ,,ri*>d1 ! second son ( ,k+ ,,john1 9 ! ye> #abef 0 elect$ ,k+ ( ,g]many 7he is g5]ally /yl$ ,k+ ( ! ,romans71 :5 he bore ! ,eagle ( ! ,empire3 b ! only ,seals ( ?is ,pr9ce t are kn[n to exi/ 9 ,engl& display ! ,%ield ( 8 ,engli% ,e>ldom ( ,cornwall1 ,no4 #adj4 ,8 ,son ,,edmund1 :o succe$$ to 8 fa!r's ,e>ldom1 on 8 ,seals has repres5t$ an ,eagle be>+ 9 its beak 8 ,%ield ( ,cornwall1 z 9 ,no4 #bjc3 ?is is a peculi>ly int]e/+ example ( an h]aldic usage ( /rik+ significance1 & x also illu/rates ! e>ly exi/5ce ( ! s5tim5t :i* at a lat] p]iod l$ to ! adoption ( ,support]s to ,%ields ( ,arms4 ,9 ! e>ly ,h]aldry ( ,scotl&1 a s+le display$ ,eagle is occasionally f\nd support+ an armorial ,%ield2 z 9 ! ,seals ( ,,alex&] ,,/ew>d1 ,e>l ( ,,m5tei?1 ,a4,d4 #abif1 & ,,william1 ,e>l ( ,,d\glas & ,,m>1 ,a4,d4 #acgh 7,seton's ,scotti% ,h]aldry1 ,plates ,,viii4 & ,,xii473 sometimes also1 z ,mr4 ,seton has obs]v$1 ! ,eagle's brea/ is *>g$ ) m ?an "o ,%ield1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,seals ( ,,m>g>et ,,/ew>t1 ,c\ntess ( ,,angus 7#acff71 & ,,euphemia ,,leslie1 ,c\ntess ( ,,ross 7#acha71 on bo? ( :i* ?ree escut*eons make _! appe>ance 7,scotti% ,h]aldry1 p4 #bfh1 & ,plate ,,xii41 ,no4 #e73 9 ,no4 #bjd ,i give a woodcut ( ?is int]e/+ composition2 ! ,%ields are1 to ! dext]1 ,,leslie--,arg41 on a b5d az41 ?ree buckles or2 9 ! c5tre1 ! ,arms ( ! ,e>l ( ,,ross--,gu41 ?ree ,lions rampant arg41 )9 a tressure2 &1 to ! s9i/]1 ,,cumm9--,az41 ?ree g>bs or4 ,! ,imp]ial ,eagle is sometimes repres5t$ cr[n$2 ! heads also 9 "s examples are encircl$ ) a nimbus or glory1 z 9 ,no4 #bab4 ,i mu/ add t 9 ! ,h]aldry ( ! ,engli% ,pe]age ! ,imp]ial ,eagle /ill supports ! ,%ields ( "s few ,pe]s ( diff]5t ranks2 z1 = example1 t ( ,b>on ,,me?u54 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bje4--,%ield ( ,pi]s ,gave/on4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bjf4--,montacute & ,mon!rm]4 ,,pi]s ,,gave/on1 :o 0 creat$ ,e>l ( ,,cornwall by ,,edw>d ,,ii41 bore--,v]t1 six ,eaglets or1 ,no4 #bje1 7,e4 #b & ,york /a9$ glass73 on 8 ,seal1 h[ev]1 ! numb] ( ! ,eaglets is r$uc$ to ?ree4 ,ano!r e>ly example is ! ,%ield ( t gallant & p]sev]+ knight1 ,,ralph ,,de ,,mon!rm]--,or1 an ,eagle display$ v]t1 ,no4 #bjf1 :o became ,e>l ( ,,gl\ce/] 9 "r ( 8 wife1 ,,joan1 daught] ( ,,edw>d ,i41 & wid[ ( ,,gilb]t ,,de ,,cl>e1 ! ,r$ ,e>l2 ?is gre5 ,eagle ( ,mon!rm] long held a place ( high di/9ction 9 ! m$ival ,h]aldry ( ,engl&1 m>%all$ on ! ,%ields ( ! ,e>ls ( ,,salisbury & ,,w>wick2 9 :i*1 z 9 ! example1 ,no4 #bjf1 ! ,eagle ( ,mon!rm] is qu>t]$ ) ! coat ( ,montacute1 ,no4 #bj 7page #ag74 ,! ,eagle ( e>ly ,h]aldry 0 sometimes blazon$ z an ,erne1#d & sometimes z an ,al]ion1 ,,william ,d',,ern=d 7,h4 #c7 be>s--,sa41 an ,erne display$ arg43 &1 at ! same p]iod ,,wm4 ,,de ,,ernfield be>s a pair ( ,erne's or ,eagle's ,w+s1 call$ a ,vol1 ,no4 #bjg4 ,f ,%ields ( ! f\rte5? c5tury :i* be> ,eagles1 & are blazon$ 9 ! ,roll ( ,edw>d ,,ii41 ,i select ! foll[+ small gr\p z good examples3--,sir ,,wm4 ,,de ,,mongom]ie--,or1 an ,eagle display$ az43 ,sir ,,ni*olas ,,de ,,etone--,gu41 a ,*evron betwe5 ?ree ,eaglets arg43 ,sir ,,john ,,de ,,*>le/one--,arg41 on a ,*evron v]t ?ree ,eaglets or3 ,sir ,,philip ,,de ,,v]ley--,or1 a ,b5d gu41 betwe5 six ,eaglets sa43 ,sir ,,john ,,de ,,la ,,m]e--,arg41 on a ,b5d az4 ?ree ,eaglets or1 ,no4 #bji3 a ,%ield be>+ a ,b5d *>g$ ) ?ree ,eagles1 b ) diff]5t t9ctures1 ,no4 #hh1 ,i h %[n to h be5 ! ,arms ( ! ,gr&isons4 ,footnote #d3 ,qu]y if ?is is n really a h]ne or h]on4--,a4 ,c4 ,f4-,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bjg4--;,a ,vol4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bji4--;,de la ,m]e4 ,eagles1 "u _! "n ( ,al]ions 7:i* e>ly ,h]alds repres5t$ )\t feet & beaks71 are blazon$ 9 ! same disposition z 9 ,no4 #bji1 9 ! ,arms ( ! ,du*y ( ,,lorra9e1--,or1 on a ,b5d gu4 ?ree al]ions arg43 & ?is device ! ,dukes ( ,lorra9e are said to h borne 9 commemoration ( an exploit ( _! fam\s ance/or1 ,,godfrey ,,de ,,bologne1 :o is also said1 :5 %oot+ aga9/ ,david's t[] 9 ,j]usalem1 to h bro*$ ^u 8 arr[ ?ree footless birds call$ al]ions4 ,x is impossible1 rem>ks ,mr4 ,plan* ^u ?is leg5d1 n[ to asc]ta9 :o broa*$ ?is wond]ful /ory2 b x is p]fectly evid5t t ! n>rator 0 ! p>ty :o drew ! long b[1 & n ! noble ,,godfrey4 ,mr4 ,plan* adds1 t ! ,al]ions ( ,lorra9e may indicate an alliance ) ! ,imp]ial ,h\se2 & he directs att5tion to a simil>ity 9 s\nd betwe5 ',al]ion' & ',lorra9e1' & also to a s+ul> ,anagram produc$ by ! lett]s ,,al]ion & ,,lora9e1 :i* are ! same 7,pursuivant ( ,arms1 p4 #hg74 ,! ,arms ( ,lorra9e are /ill borne by ! ,emp]or ( ,,au/ria3 & 9 ,engl& !y 7 qu>t]$ by ,que5 ,,m>g>et ( ,anj\4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #baj4--,%ield at ,/4 ,albans4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #baa4--,! ,au/rian ,eagle4 ,! ,roll ( ,edw>d ,,ii4 gives also = ,sir ,,hugh ,,de ,,bilbeswor? ^! arms--,az41 ?ree ,eagles display$ or4 ,a simil> ,%ield1 ! t9ctures *ang$ to--,arg41 ?ree ,eagles display$ gu41 arm$ or1 0 borne by ,,rob]t ,,de ,,eglesfield1 ,confessor to ,,philippa ( ,ha9ault1 ,que5 ( ,,edw>d ,,iii41 :o 9 ! ye> #acdj f\nd$ ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d3 ?is ,%ield ( ! ,f\nd] is borne by ! ,college4 ,"o ( ! ,%ields 9 ! ,*antry ( ,abbot ,,ramryge 9 ,/4 ,albans ,abbey ,*ur* be>s ! same *>ges--?ree eagles display$1 ,no4 #baj3 ! draw+ ( ! eagle 9 ?is ,%ield is rem>kable1 & ! =m ( ! ,%ield itself is s+ul>ly *>act]i/ic ( ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,ano!r ,%ield 9 ! same monum5t be>s a s+le ,eagle1 drawn 9 ! same mann]1 & sculptur$ ) extraord9>y _s4 ,! ,g]man ,h]alds1 & also _! bre?r5 ( ,france1 delight 9 exagg]ations ( :at ,i may di/+ui% z ! ,we/m9/] ,eagle1 ,no4 #bjj4 ,! ,au/rian ,eagle1 besides hav+ bo? its heads cr[n$1 has a l>ge ,imp]ial ,cr[n plac$ betwe5 & above ! two heads1 z 9 ,no4 #baa4 ,! ,imp]ial ,eagle 7,holy ,roman ,empire7 sometimes has a nimbus or glory ab\t ea* head1 :i* dignifi$ accessory is repres5t$ by a circul> l9e1 z 9 ,no4 #bab4 ,9 "s examples ( ,eagles1 z well 9 our own ,h]aldry z 9 t ( cont95tal c\ntries1 ! w+s are repres5t$ z erect 7! m usual =m 9 ,engl&71 & hav+ ! tips ( all ! pr9cipal fea!rs po9t+ upw>ds1 z 9 ,no4 #bac4 ,! ,eagle borne z ! ,ensign ( ,imp]ial ,,france 0 repres5t$ grasp+ a ?und]bolt1 9 an attitude ( vigilance1 hav+ its w+s display$1 b ) ! tips ( ! fea!rs droop+1 z !y w\ld be 9 ! liv+ bird2 ,no4 #bad4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bab4--;,imp]ial ,eagle1 ) ,nimbus4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bac4--;,eagle display$1 ) ,w+s erect4 ,,edw>d ,,iii41 z a ,second ,cre/1 bore an ,eagle4 ,an ,eagle also 0 borne = 8 ,cre/1 z ! imp]ial bird 0 display$ ^u 8 ,%ield 7,no4 #bjf71 by ,e>l ,,ralph ,,de ,,mon!rm]4 ,9 ! m rec5t ,h]aldry ( ,engl&1 ! ,eagle is a ,support] to ! ,%ields ( ! ,e>ls ( ,,cl>5don1 ,,cov5try1 & ,,malmesbury2 ! ,visc\nts ,,bol+broke & ,,/4 ,,v9c5t2 & ! ,b>ons ,,heytesbury1 ,,rad/ock1 ,,wyn=d1 & o!rs4 ,eagles also & ,demi-,eagles are borne z ,cre/s 9 ! ,engli% ,h]aldry ( our own day4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bad4--;,fr5* ,imp]ial ,eagle4 ,9 draw+ our h]aldic ,eagles1 we c sc>cely improve ^u "s ( ! examples 9 :i* e>ly ,engli% ,h]alds express$ _! ideas ( ! k+ ( birds4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,h]aldry ,,section ,,vii ,gloss>y ( ,titles1 ,names1 & ,t]ms ,! sev]al d5om9ations giv5 to ^! tok5s ( hon\r 444 ) ! t]ms ( art giv5 to !m4 --,,r&le ,,home3 ,academy ( ,arm\ry1 ,a4,d4 #afhh4 ,9 ?is ,gloss>y1 :i* obvi\sly mu/ be z concise z possible1 ,i %all include no ^w t is ord9>ily well und]/ood1 unless "s special signification %\ld be atta*$ to x :5 x is 9 use 9 armorial blazon4 ,abas$4 ,said ( a *>ge :5 plac$ l[] ?an its cu/om>y position4 ,abatem5t4 ,a suppos$ sign ( degradation4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xii47 ,accolle4 ,plac$ side by side4 ,acco/$4 ,side by side4 ,a*ievem5t1 or ,a*ievem5t ( ,arms4 ,any complete h]aldic composition4 ,addors$4 ,back to back4 ,affronte4 ,s plac$ z to %[ ! full face or front4 ,al]ion4 ,a "n sometimes giv5 by e>ly ,h]alds to ! h]aldic ,eagle1 :i*1 :5 blazon$ "u ?is title1 0 also sometimes drawn )\t legs or beak4 7,see p4 #ig47 ,ambulant4 ,9 ! act ( walk+4 ,annulet4 ,a pla9 r+2 sometimes blazon$ z a false r\ndle3 9 mod]n ,engli% cad5cy1 ! diff]5ce ( ! fif? son or bro!r3 ,no4 #aed4 ,annulette4 ,end+ 9 ,annulets4 ,antelope4 ,depict$ by e>ly ,h]alds 9 a conv5tional mann]1 b n[ g5]ally r5d]$ m naturally1 ! e>li] type be+ t]m$ ! h]aldic antelope4 ,an?ony1 ,/4 ,8 cross is 9 ! =m ( ! lett] ,t1 ,no4 #ic4 ,antique ,cr[n4 ,see ,ea/]n ,cr[n4 ,appaume4 ,said ( a h&1 :5 op51 erect1 & %[+ ! palm3 ,no4 #bae4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bae4--;,badge ( ,ul/]4 ,ar*$4 ,b5t1 or b[$4 ,ar*bi%op4 ,a prelate ( ! highe/ ord] 9 ! ,engli% ,*ur*2 8 h]aldic insignia are 8 ,mitre1 ,crozi]1 & ,pall4 ,next to ! ,royal ,family1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury is ! fir/ subject 9 ! realm2 he is /yl$ ,mo/ ,rev]5d ,fa!r 9 ,god1 by ,div9e ,provid5ce1 & ,y\r ,grace4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,york is ?ird 9 rank 7! ,"l ,*ancellor be+ second71 & 8 /yle is ! same1 except t he is ,ar*bi%op by ,div9e p]mission4 ,ar*bi%ops impale _! own arms ) ^? ( _! see1 ! latt] be+ m>%all$ to ! dext]4 ,arg5t4 ,! metal silv]4 ,arm4 ,a human arm4 ,:5 a *>ge1 cre/1 or badge1 x mu/ be blazon$ ) full p>ticul>s z to position1 clo?+1 c4 ,if c\p$ betwe5 ! elb[ & ! wri/1 x is a cubit arm4 ,arm$4 ,a t]m appli$ to animals & birds ( prey1 to d5ote _! natural weapons ( (f5ce & def5ce3 ?us1 a ,lion is said to be arm$ ( 8 claws & tee?2 a ,bull1 to be arm$ ( 8 horns2 an ,eagle1 ( its beak & talons4 ,armory4 ,h]aldry4 ,also1 a ,li/ ( ,names & ,titles1 ) _! respective ,arms4 ,arms1 ,armorial ,be>+s4 ,h]aldic compositions1 & ! ,figures & ,devices :i* =m !m4 7,see ,*apt] ,i47 ,arms ( ,community4 ,borne by ,corporate & o!r ,bodies & ,communities1 z cities1 colleges1 c4 ,arms ( ,dom9ion4 ,borne by ,sov]eign ,pr9ces1 be+ also ! ,sov]eign arms ( ! realms ov] :i* !y rule4 ,arms ( ,(fice4 ,borne1 ) ! p]sonal arms1 to d5ote (ficial rank4 ,armes ,p>lantes4 ,su* z are allusive to ! ,"n1 ,title1 ,(fice1 or ,prop]ty ( ^? :o be> !m3 ?us1 ,leaves = ,leveson1 a ,ca/le = ,ca/ile1 a ,cup = ,butl]1 ,fi% = ^? :o d]ive rev5ues f ,fi%]ies1 c4 ,! m usual t]m is1 h[ev]1 cant+ arms 7,see ,rebus3 also page #ae47 ,arr[4 ,is b>b$ ( its head1 & flight$ ( its fea!rs2 a bundle ( arr[s is a %eaf2 ) a blunt head1 x is a bird-bolt4 ,at ,gaze4 ,a t]m appli$ to animals ( ! *ase1 to d5ote _! /&+ /ill1 & look+ /raight =w>d3 ,no4 #afg4 ,attires1 ,attir$4 ,! antl]s ( a ,buck1 ,/ag1 or ,h>t3 hav+ antl]s4 ,a ,re9de] is repres5t$ 9 ,h]aldry ) d\ble attires1 "o pair erect1 & ! o!r droop+ =w>d4 ,augm5tation4 ,an hon\rable addition to a ,coat ( ,arms1 specially grant$ ) a peculi> significance3 ?us1 ! ,union ,device ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 blazon$ on an inescut*eon1 is ! ,augm5tation specially grant$ to ! great ,duke ( ,,well+ton1 to be borne on ! hon\r po9t ( 8 pat]nal %ield4 ,augm5t$4 ,hav+ an ,augm5tation4 ,avellane4 ,a v>iety ( ! h]aldic ,cross3 ,no4 #aji4 ,azure4 ,! col\r blue 7indicat$ by horizontal l9es73 ,no4 #eb4 ,badge4 ,a figure or device1 di/9ct f a cre/1 & capable ( be+ borne )\t any backgr\nd or o!r accessory4 ,badges are1 h[ev]1 (t5 depict$ ^u a /&>d or r\ndle ( ! liv]y col\r or col\rs4 ,badges 7 depict$ z a sign ( own]%ip ^u prop]ty2 7 worn by s]vants & reta9]s1 :o mu/]$ "u ! /&>ds on :i* badges 7 repres5t$4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xv47 ,b&$4 ,encircl$ ) a b&4 ,bann]4 ,a flag1 *>g$ ) ! coat ( arms ( ! own]1 display$ ov] its entire surface4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xvii47 ,bann]et4 ,a ,knight :o _h be5 advanc$ by ! ,k+ to t high] milit>y rank :i* entitl$ him to display a bann]4 ,b>4 ,"o ( ! ,ord9>ies3 ,nos4 #ha1 #hb4 ,b>s ,gemelles4 ,b>rulets borne 9 pairs3 ,nos4 #hc1 #hd4 ,b>b$4 ,po9t$1 z an arr[4 ,! t]m is also appli$ to ! small gre5 leaves betwe5 ! petals ( h]aldic roses4 7,see ,rose47 ,b>bel4 ,a ,fi% borne z an allusive device by ! family ( ,,de ,,b>re3 ,no4 #afb4 ,b>d$4 ,hav+ horse-trapp+s4 ,b>d+s4 ,horse-trapp+s1 (t5 enri*$ ) armorial blazonry4 ,on ! ,great ,seal ( ,,edw>d ,i4 ! ,b>d+s ( ! ,k+'s *>g] = ! fir/ "t appe> adorn$ ) ! ,royal arms4 ,on bo? sides ( ! horse1 ! head is suppos$ to be to ! dext]4 ,an example is repres5t$ 9 ! ,seal ( ,,alex&] ,,de ,,balliol1 9 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,b>nacles1 ,breys4 ,an in/rum5t us$ 9 break+ horses4 ,a rebus ( ,sir ,,reg9ald ,,bray1 ar*itect ( ,/4 ,george's ,*apel1 ,w9dsor1 & repeat$ly repres5t$ !re3 ,no4 #baf4 ,b>on4 ,! l[e/ rank 9 ! ,briti% ,pe]age4 ,a ,b>on is ,"r ,hon\rable1 & is /yl$ ,my ,"l4 ,8 coronet1 fir/ grant$ by ,*>les ,,ii41 has on a gold5 circlet six l>ge pe>ls1 ( :i* f\r appe> 9 repres5tations1 z 9 ,no4 #bag4 ,an ,iri% ,b>on has no coronet4 ,all a ,b>on's *ildr5 are ,hon\rable4 ,b>on4 ,a purely h]aldic t]m signify+ a husb&1 a wife 9 ,h]aldry be+ femme4 ,b>oness4 ,a lady 9 :om a ,b>ony is ve/$ by inh]itance 9 h] own "r2 also1 ! wife ( a ,b>on4 ,9 ei!r case %e is ,"r ,hon\rable2 is /yl$ ,my ,lady1 & h] coronet is ! same z t ( a ,b>on4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #baf4--;,breys4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bag4--;,circlet ( a ,b>on's ,coronet4 ,b>onet4 ,an h]$it>y rank1 l[] ?an ! pe]age1 in/itut$ 9 #afab by ,,james ,i41 :o fix$ ! prec$5ce ( ,b>onets be=e all ,knights1 ^? ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t] alone except$4 ,z orig9ally creat$1 all ,b>onets 7 ( ,ul/]1 or ( ,nova ,scotia2 aft]w>ds all new creations 7 ( ,great ,brita92 n[ all are ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,! ,badge ( ,ul/]1 g5]ally borne z an augm5tation ^u a canton or small inescut*eon1 is--,arg41 a s9i/] h&1 c\p$ at ! wri/ & appaume1 gu41--,no4 #bae4 ,! arms ( ,nova ,scotia1 :i* may be 7b seldom are7 simil>ly borne on a canton or inescut*eon1 are--,arg41 on a saltire az41 ! ,royal arms ( ,scotl&4 7,see ,no4 #ach47 ,by lett]s pat5t ( ,,james ,i41 ! wives ( ,b>onets h ! titles ( ,lady1 ,madam1 or ,dame1 at _! pleasure prefix$ to _! names4 ,b>rulet4 ,! dim9utive ( a ,b>4 ,b>rule1 ,b>ruly4 ,b>ry ( t5 or m pieces4 ,b>ry4 ,divid$ into an ev5 numb] ( ,b>s1 :i* all lie 9 ! same plane3 ,nos4 #he1 #hf4 ,b>ry ,b5dy4 ,hav+ ! field divid$ by l9es drawn b>-wise1 :i* are cross$ by o!rs drawn b5d-wise3 ,no4 #aai4 ,b>-wise4 ,dispos$ aft] ! mann] ( a ,b>1--cross+ ! field1 t is1 horizontally4 ,! t]m fessways is m usually employ$4 ,base4 ,! l[e/ extremity3 ,no4 #bg1 ,b4 ,basilisk4 ,a cockatrice hav+ its tail end+ 9 a dragon's head4 ,bas9et4 ,a helm fitt+ close to ! head4 ,baton4 ,a dim9utive ( ! b5d1 c\p$ at its extremities4 ,battl$1 or ,embattl$4 ,hav+ battlem5ts1 or bord]$1 z ,no4 #ch1 ,f4 ,beacon1 or ,fire ,beacon4 ,an iron case ( burn+ combu/ibles set on a pole1 aga9/ :i* a ladd] is plac$4 ,beak$4 ,appli$ to birds1 n ( prey4 ,be>]4 ,an old ,scotti% t]m = a ,support]4 ,be>+1 ,be>+s4 ,armorial insignia1 borne on %ields4 ,bell4 ,drawn1 & g5]ally blazon$ z a *ur*-bell1 unless specifi$ to be a hawk's-bell4 ,bell$4 ,hav+ bells atta*$4 ,b5d4 ,"o ( ! ,ord9>ies3 ,nos4 #aaa-aae4 ,b5dlet4 ,! dim9utive ( a b5d3 ,no4 #aag4 ,b5d-wise1 or ,9 ,b5d4 ,plac$ 9 ! position ( or arrang$ 9 ! direction ( a b5d4 ,b5dy4 ,p>t$ b5d-wise into an ev5 numb] ( divisions3 ,no4 #aaf4 ,besant4 ,a gold5 ,r\ndle or disc1 flat l a co93 ,no4 #aea1 & ,no4 #adj4 ,billet4 ,an oblong figure ( any t9cture3 ,billete--/rewn ) ,billets3 ,nos4 #acj1 #adf4 ,bird4 ,_m ,birds appe> 9 blazon1 & !y are repres5t$ bo? 9 h]aldic t9ctures & prop]--9 _! natural aspect4 7,see ,*apt]s ,,viii4 & ,,ix47 ,bird-bolt4 ,an arr[ ) a blunt head4 ,bi%op4 ,! ,bi%ops are by ,div9e p]mission1 & are /yl$ ,"r ,rev]5d ,fa!r 9 ,god1 & ,my ,"l ,bi%op4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,engl& & ,wales are n ,pe]s b are all spiritual lords ( ,p>liam5t1 "s ( ! junior ,bi%ops1 h[ev]1 hav+ no seats4 ,! ,suffragan ,bi%ops are m]ely assi/ant ,bi%ops1 & are n ,lords ( ,p>liam5t4 ,! h]aldic insignia ( ,bi%ops consi/ ( a mitre & pa/oral /aff2 !y impale _! (ficial & p]sonal arms1 z d ! ,ar*bi%ops2 &1 l !m also1 !y be> no cre/s1 b !y ensign _! %ields ) a mitre4 ,bla/$4 ,leafless1 )]$4 ,blazon4 ,h]aldry3 ,armorial ,compositions4 ,to blazon is to describe or to repres5t any armorial ,figure1 ,device1 or ,composition 9 an h]aldic mann]4 ,blazon+--,describ+ 9 h]aldic language3 also1 repres5t+ 9 an h]aldic mann]4 ,blazonry--! repres5tation ( any h]aldic ,figure1 ,device1 or ,composition4 ,b ! di/9ction is 9 practice usually made to employ ! ^w emblazon 9 cases ( repres5tation4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bah4--,wat] ,b\get4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bai4--;,b\r*i] ,knot4 ,bo>4 ,9 ,h]aldry occasionally t]m$ ,sangli]4 ,bordure4 ,a ,subord9>y3 ,nos4 #aci1 #adj4 ,also1 an important ,diff]5ce4 7,see ,*apt]s ,,xii4 & ,,xiii47 ,botone1 ,botone ,fit*e4 ,v>ieties ( ! h]aldic ,cross3 ,nos4 #ajc1 #aaj4 ,?is ,cross is also t]m$ ,trefle4 ,b\get1 or ,wat] ,b\get4 ,a *>ge1 repres5t+ ! vessels us$ by ! ,crusad]s = c>ry+ wat]4 ,! ^w is an e>ly =m ( ,bucket4 ,f9e e>ly examples occur 9 ! ,temple ,*ur*1 at ,bev]ley ,m9/]1 & 9 a monum5t at ,blybor\gh1 ,l9coln%ire3 ,no4 #bah4 ,b\r*i] ,knot4 ,! badge ( ! ,b\r*i] family repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #bai4 ,b\rdon4 ,a palm]'s or pilgrim's /aff4 7,see ,pilgrim's ,/aff47 ,b[4 ,! ar*]'s weapon1 9 all its v>ieties ( =m1 is a *>ge4 ,b[$4 ,hav+ a convex cont\r4 ,b[5 ,knot4 ,no4 #bbj4 ,brac$4 ,int]lac$4 ,breys4 ,b>nacles1 q4v4 ,brisure1 or ,brizure4 ,any diff]5ce or m>k ( cad5cy4 ,buckle4 ,see ,f]maile4 ,burgonet4 ,a helm worn 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,caboss$1 or ,cabo%$4 ,! head ( a /ag1 or o!r horn$ animal1 repres5t$ full-fac$1 s z to %[ ! face only3 ,no4 #agj4 ,9 ! case ( a lion or leop>d :5 ! head is s repres5t$ x is t]m$ ! face4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bbj4--;,b[5 ,knot4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bba4--;,caltrap4 ,cad5cy1 ,m>ks (4 ,figures & devices1 introduc$ into armorial compositions1 9 ord] to di/+ui% ! diff]5t memb]s & bran*es ( ! same family4 7,see ,diff]5ce1 & ,*apt] ,,xii47 ,cadet4 ,a junior memb] or bran* ( a family4 ,caltrap4 ,an implem5t =m]ly /rewn on ! gr\nd 9 w> to maim horses3 ,no4 #bba4 ,cant+ ,h]aldry4 ,ref] to ,armes ,p>lantes4 ,canton4 ,"o ( ! ,subord9>ies3 ,nos4 #abi1 #acj4 ,canton$4 ,plac$ 9 ! qu>t]s ( a %ield4 ,c>buncle4 ,! same z ,esc>buncle4 ,c>t\*e4 ,no4 #df4 ,ca/le4 ,g5]ally repres5t$ ) two or ?ree turrets1 z 9 ! %ield ( ,que5 ,alianore1 ( ,ca/ile3 ,no4 #bbb4 ,ref] to ,t[]4 ,cele/ial ,cr[n4 ,no4 #bbc4 ,c5taur4 ,also blazon$ z a sagitt>y1 & suppos$ to h be5 a badge ( ,k+ ,/eph54 ,c]cele1 or ,rec]cele4 ,a descriptive t]m to d5ote a v>iety ( ! h]aldic ,cross3 ,no4 #ih4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bbb4--;,ca/le4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bbc4--;,cele/ial ,cr[n4 ,*apeau4 ,also entitl$ a cap ( dignity1 ( ma9t5ance1 or ( e/ate4 ,an e>ly symbol ( high dignity1 & 9 ,engl& ( "r ( ,pe]age4 ,9 addition x is n[ m frequ5tly met ) support+ c]ta9 cre/s3 ,no4 #bbd4 ,*aplet4 ,a g>l& or entw9$ wrea? ( leaves & fl[]s1 or ( fl[]s alone4 ,a *aplet ( rue1 sometimes call$ a crancel91 is blazon$ b5d-wise 9 ! %ield ( ,saxony--,b>ry ( t5 or & sa41 ov] all a *aplet ( rue v]t3 ,no4 #bbe4 7,see ,crancel947 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bbd4--;,*apeau4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bbe4--;,arms ( ,saxony4 ,*>ge4 ,any h]aldic figure or device4 ,*>g$--plac$ on a %ield1 bann]1 c41 z any h]aldic figure or device may be4 ,*eque1 ,*equy1 ,*ecky4 ,divid$ into ?ree1 or into m ?an ?ree1 contigu\s r[s ( small squ>es1 alt]nately ( a metal 7or fur7 & a col\r3 ,no #fh4 ,*ess rook4 ,a piece us$ 9 ! game ( ,*ess3 borne by ,rokewood & o!rs3 ,no4 #bbf4 ,*evron4 ,"o ( ! ,ord9>ies3 ,nos4 #abc1 #abe4 ,*evronel4 ,a dim9utive ( ! ,*evron3 ,no4 #abd4 ,*evrone1 ,*evrony4 ,a field compos$ ( a numb] ( pieces divid$ & dispos$ p] ,*evron3 ,no4 #abd;,a4 ,*ief4 ,"o ( ! ,ord9>ies3 ,nos4 #ga-ge4 ,9 ,*ief--plac$ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! %ield1 or arrang$ 9 a horizontal r[ across ! upp] "p ( ! field4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bbf4--;,*ess ,rook4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bbg4--;,c9que foil4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bbh4--;,cl>ions4 ,c9que-foil4 ,a fl[] or leaf ( five foils3 ,no4 #bbg4 ,civic ,cr[n4 ,a wrea? ( oak-leaves & acorns4 ,cl>5ceux4 ,see ,h]ald4 ,cl>ion4 ,an anci5t musical in/rum5t1 a badge1 app>5tly1 ( ! ,,de ,,cl>es4 ,by "s ?is *>ge is suppos$ to repres5t a lance-re/1 & is sometimes s blazon$3 ,no4 #bbh1 :i* %[s two v>ieties ( =m4 ,cle*e4 ,a v>iety ( ! h]aldic ,cross3 ,no4 #aje4 ,close4 ,) clos$ w+s4 ,closet4 ,a ,dim9utive ( ! ,b>1 "o half its wid?4 ,cl\e4 ,fa/5$ ) ,nails1 & %[+ ! ,nail-heads3 ,no4 #aej4 ,coat ,arm\r4 ,true armorial or h]aldic be>+s1 duly grant$ or inh]it$1 & rightly borne3 s entitl$1 f hav+ be5 depict$ by w>riors ( ! ,middle ,ages ^u _! surcoats1 worn by !m ov] _! arm\r4 ,coat ( ,arms4 ,a complete armorial composition1 prop]ly :at w\ld be *>g$ ^u a ,%ield or ,bann]1 b (t5 us$ z an alt]native = ,a*ievem5t1 q4v4 ,cockatrice4 ,a fabul\s creature1 repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #bbi4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bbi4--;,cockatrice4 ,coll>4 ,"o ( ! insignia ( ,ord]s ( ,knigh?ood1 worn ab\t ! neck4 ,also any ornam5t or di/9ction worn 9 ! same mann]4 ,knights occasionally wore coll>s *>g$ ) _! own badge4 ,9 addition to _! badges ( ! ,r$ & ,:ite ,rose1 examples exi/ %[+ t adh]5ts ( ! rival h\ses ( ,york & ,lanca/] sometimes wore coll>s1 ! =m] =m$ ( alt]nate ,suns & ,roses1 ,no4 #bcj2 & ! latt]1 ( ! lett] ,s cont9ually repeat$1 ,no4 #bca4 ,no c]ta9 orig9 has be5 discov]$ = ! ,lanca/rian ,coll> ( ,s41 b x has be5 sugge/$ t x repres5ts ! ^w ,,sov]aygne1 ! motto ( ,,h5ry ,,iv4 ,no4 #bcj is f ! ,brass to ,,h5ry ,,b\r*i]1 ,k4,g41 ,e>l ( ,essex1 at ,little ,ea/on1 ,suffolk1 ,a4,d4 #adhc2 & ,no4 #bca f ! ,brass to ,"l ,,camoys1 ,k4,g41 at ,trotton1 ,sussex1 ,a4,d4 #adbd4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bcj4--;,a ,coll> ( ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bca4--;,a ,coll> ( ,lanca/]4 ,college ( ,arms1 or ,h]alds' ,college4 7,see ,h]ald47 ,col\r4 ,see ,*apt] ,v41 page #da4 ,! t]m ,col\rs is appli$ to ,flags1 p>ticul>ly to ^? ( infantry regim5ts1 & to su* z are display$ at sea4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xvii47 ,combatant4 ,two lions1 or o!r animals ( prey1 rampant & face to face4 ,comp>tm5t4 ,9 ,scotti% ,h]aldry1 a k9d ( c>v$ panel1 ( no fix$ =m1 plac$ bel[ ! escut*eon1 be>+ ! support]s1 & usually inscrib$ ) a motto or ! "n & designation ( ! own]4 --,seton4 ,o!r objects plac$ bel[ ! %ield are met ) "u ?is description4 ,compone1 ,compony1 or ,gobony4 ,a s+le r[ ( small squ>es alt]nately ( two t9ctures or furs3 ,no4 #ff4 7,see ,c\nt] ,compone47 ,complem5t1 ,9 h]4 ,appli$ to ! moon :5 full4 ,comp\nd ,qu>t]+4 ,! qu>t]+ ( a qu>t]1 or division ( a qu>t]$ ,coat-(-,arms4 7,see page #cd47 ,comp\nd ,arms4 ,arms =m$ f ! comb9ation ( ! be>+s ( two or m di/9ct coats1 to produce a s+le comp\nd coat4 ,conjo9$ 9 ,lure4 ,two w+s unit$1 _! tips 9 base4 ,contoise4 ,a fl[+ sc>f1 worn atta*$ to ! helm be=e #acej4 ,two examples occur 9 effigies 9 ,exet] ,ca!dral1 & ano!r 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,cont\rne4 ,fac+ to ! s9i/]4 ,corni% ,*\gh4 ,a bird l a cr[1 black1 ) r$ beak & legs4 ,coronet4 ,an ensign ( rank worn ^u ! head1 9 use 9 ,engl& f ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 b )\t any di/9ctive tok5s ( gradations ( rank until a lat] p]iod4 ,9 mod]n times ,engli% ,coronets h enclos$ a velvet cap ) a bullion tassel4 ,?is cap orig9at$ 9 ! cap ( e/ate worn by ,pe]s4 7,see ,pr9ce1 ,duke1 ,m>quess1 ,e>l1 ,visc\nt1 & ,b>on47 ,cotise4 ,a dim9utive ( ! ,b5d or o!r ,ord9>y1 be+ "o-f\r? ( _! wid?4 ,cotis$4 ,:5 a ,b5d or ,*evron is plac$ betwe5 two ,cotises1 or :5 a ,fesse or ,b> is plac$ betwe5 two ,b>rulets4 ,nos4 #aad1 #aae4 ,c\*ant4 ,9 repose4 ,no4 #agg4 ,c\*e4 ,said ( a ,%ield :5 susp5d$ f ! s9i/] extremity ( ! *ief1 or :5 plac$ z if x 7 s susp5d$4 ,no4 #di4 ,c\nt1 ,c\ntess4 ,c\nt1 9 ,lat9 ,comes1 ! same z ,e>l4 ,c\ntess1 ! wife ( an ,e>l3 %e is ,"r ,hon\rable1 & /yl$ ,my ,lady3 h] coronet is ! same z t ( an ,e>l4 ,c\nt]4 ,rev]s$ or opposite4 ,c\nt]-*ang+4 ,see page #dd1 & ,nos4 #gj1 #abf4 ,c\nt] ,compone4 ,d\ble ,compone1 or two conjo9$ r[s ( alt]nately t9ctur$ squ>es4 ,no4 #fg4 ,c\nt]-,embattl$4 ,a t]m 9 use = a fesse1 b>1 or *evron :5 embattl$ on bo? edges4 ,c\nt]-seal4 ,e>ly seals 7 g5]ally impress$ on bo? sides2 & ! seals ?us 7 produc$ f two dies or matrices4 ,! two sides 7 sev]ally call$ ! seal & ! c\nt]-seal1 ! latt] be+ t]m$ ! rev]se ( ! comp\nd composition4 ,e su* d\ble impression con/itut$ a s+le seal4 ,bo? seal & c\nt]-seal 7 sometimes us$ alone2 & ! c\nt]-seal 0 reg>d$ z a private seal1 or secretum4 ,c\p$4 ,cut (f smoo?ly--! rev]se ( eras$4 ,c\ple-close4 ,half a *evronel4 ,c\rant4 ,runn+4 ,c\rtesy1 ,titles (4 ,nom9al degrees ( rank1 conc$$ to1 & borne by1 ! ,elde/ ,sons ( ,dukes1 ,m>quesses1 & ,e>ls1 & o!r titles us$ by _! y\ng] *ildr5 & all *ildr5 ( ,visc\nts & ,b>ons4 ,c[>d1 ,c[$4 ,a t]m appli$ to an animal ) its tail betwe5 its legs4 ,no4 #ahb4 ,crampet4 ,! decorat$ end ( a sword-scabb>d4 ,crancel94 ,f ! ,g]man kranzle91 a small g>l&1 appli$ to ! *aplet t crosses ! %ield ( ,saxony1 ,no4 #bbe3 ?is *>ge is also blazon$ z a b5d trefle v]t1 a b5d ar*e coronette1 or a coronet ext5d$ 9 b5d3 x is said to be an augm5tation conf]r$1 ) ! ,duk$om ( ,saxony1 on ,,b]nh>d ( ,ascania1 by ! ,emp]or ,,b>b>ossa4 ,! ,emp]or took f 8 head 8 own *aplet ( rue1 & ?rew x across ! %ield ( ,duke ,b]nh>d4 ,?is /ory is probably untrue4 ,cr5ellat$4 ,embattl$4 ,cresc5t4 ,no4 #aff4 ,9 mod]n ,engli% cad5cy1 ! diff]5ce ( ! second son1 or h\se4 ,cresset4 ,a beacon4 ,cre/4 ,a figure or device orig9ally worn ^u a helm1 & n[ g5]ally repres5t$ above a ,%ield ( arms4 ,cre/s at fir/ 7 ensigns ( high hon\r1 & _! use 0 re/rict$ to a few p]sons ( em95ce3 !y 7 atta*$ by a wrea?1 or torse1 or by a coronet1 to ! helm or bas9et2 & sometimes a cre/ /ood ^u a cap ( e/ate4 ,cre/s are /ill repres5t$ /&+ ^u ei!r a wrea?1 or a cap1 or issu+ f a coronet3 b 9 our own ,h]aldry a cre/-coronet mu/ always be c>efully di/+ui%$ f ^? coronets t are insignia ( pr9cely & noble rank4 ,cre/s are n borne by ladies1 a reign+ ,sov]eign only except$4 7,see ,pana*e1 ,rebus1 & ,*apt] ,,xiv47 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bcb4--;,cre/ ,coronet4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bcc4--;,cre/-,wrea?4 ,cre/-,coronet4 ,a coronet f :i* issues1 or :i* supports1 a cre/4 ,no4 #bcb4 ,cre/-,wrea?1 or ,torse4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ( ri* mat]ials & co/ly workman%ip2 n[ repres5t$ z be+ =m$ ( two rolls ( silk ( ! pr9cipal metal & col\r 9 ! arms1 :i* are twi/$ to %[ ! metal & col\r alt]nately4 ,! e>lie/ examples are ab\t ,a4,d4 #acge4 ,no4 #bcc %[s ?ree v>ieties ( repres5tation4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xiv47 ,cr9$4 ,hav+ a mane or hair4 ,cross4 ,"o ( ! ,ord9>ies4 ,nos4 #ij-aaj4 ,cr[n4 ,! ensign ( ,royal & ,imp]ial dignity2 9 ,h]aldry borne z a *>ge1 & also us$ to d5ote ! rank ( a ,sov]eign ,pr9ce4 ,! ,cr[n t is g5]ally borne z a *>ge is repres5t$ )\t ar*es1 & resembl+ ,no4 #bcb4 ,c]ta9 o!r cr[ns1 ea* di/+ui%$ by an appropriate title1 are also sometimes borne on %ields1 or introduc$ z h]aldic accessories4 7,see ,cele/ial1 ,ea/]n or ,radiat$1 ,mural1 ,naval1 & ,vall>y ,cr[ns47 ,! diff]5t =ms assum$ at diff]5t p]iods by ! ,royal ,cr[n ( ,engl& are fai?fully exemplifi$ 9 ! seals & ! co9age ( ! successive ,sov]eigns1 & sev]al f9e examples are pres]v$ 9 ! ,royal effigies4 ,! adornm5t ( ! regal circlet 0 arbitr>y be=e ! fifte5? c5tury2 /ill1 x always 0 enri*$ ) gems & surm\nt$ by gold5 foliage4 ,,h5ry ,v4 fir/ ar*$ 8 cr[n2 & by ,,h5ry ,,vi4 ! circlet 0 fir/ height5$ ) alt]nate crosses-pate & fleurs de lys4 ,?is arrangem5t has s9ce be5 reta9$1 ! subsequ5t alt]ations be+ re/rict$ to *anges 9 ! numb] & 9 ! cont\r ( ! ar*es4 ,! cr[n ( ,8 ,maje/y ! ,,k+ has ! circlet height5$ ) f\r crosses & z _m fleurs de lys2 f ! crosses rise ! ar*es1 :i* are surm\nt$ by a m\nd & a cross-pate4 ,no4 #bcd4 ,?is1 ! h]aldic cr[n1 is n an exact reproduction ( ! actual cr[n ( ! ,k+4 ,crozi]4 ,/rictly1 ! cross-/aff ( an ar*bi%op2 di/+ui%$ by its =m f ! pa/oral-/aff ) a crook-head1 ( bi%ops2 b ! t]m is loosely & v g5]ally appli$ also to ! crook-head$ pa/oral-/aff4 ,crusilee1 ,crusily4 ,hav+ ! field seme ( crosses-crosslets1 or ( o!r small crosses1 _! peculi> =m 7:5 n crosslets7 be+ specifi$4 ,cubit arm4 ,a human arm c\p$ betwe5 ! elb[ & ! wri/4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bcd4--;,cr[n ( ,h4,m4 ,! ,k+4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bce4--;,dacre ,knot & ,badges4 ,cup1 ,cov]$ ,cup4 ,a vessel =m$ l a *alice1 & hav+ a rais$ cov]2 borne by ! ,,botil]s1 ,,butl]s1 c4 ,cu%ion1 ,pill[1 ,oreill]4 ,unless describ$ ( ano!r =m1 squ>e or oblong1 & ) a tassel at ea* corn]4 ,dacre ,knot4 ,no4 #bce4 7,see ,knot47 ,dancett4 ,no4 #ch;,b4 ,9 e>ly blazon1 a fesse dancett is /yl$ simply a dancette or a danse4 ,nos4 #gh1 #adf2 & ,no4 #bj;,a1 page #gj4 ,debruis$4 ,:5 an ord9>y surm\nts an animal or ano!r *>ge4 ,decresc5t4 ,a half-moon hav+ its horns to ! s9i/]4 ,no4 #aff;,c4 ,de]4 ,9 g5]al practice v little if any diff]5tiation is made betwe5 ! ,/ag1 ! ,buck1 & ! ,h>t2 ! female is a ,h9d1 & ( c\rse is )\t attires4 7,see ,*apt] ,,viii47 ,degrees4 ,a t]m appli$ to ! /eps ^u :i* a ,cross ,calv>y is repres5t$4 ,dememb]$1 ,dismemb]$4 ,cut into pieces1 b )\t any alt]ation 9 ! =m ( ! orig9al figure4 ,demi4 ,! half4 ,! upp]1 front1 or dext] half1 unless ! contr>y be specifi$4 ,no4 #ahf4 ,depress$4 ,surm\nt$4 ,dext]4 ,! "r side4 ,no4 #bg;,c4 ,diap]1 ,diap]+4 ,surface decoration4 ,no4 #fh4 ,diff]5ce1 ,diff]5c+4 ,an addition to1 or "s *ange 91 a ,coat-(-,arms1 introduc$ = ! purpose ( di/+ui%+ ,coats :i* 9 _! prim>y qualities are ! same4 7,see ,*apt]s ,,xii4 & ,,xiii47 ,dimidiat$4 ,cut 9 halves p] pale1 & "o half remov$3 ,no4 #bej4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xi47 ,disclos$4 ,) exp&$ w+s1 9 ! case ( birds t are n birds ( prey4 ,! contr>y to ,close4 ,display$4 ,birds ( prey ) exp&$ w+s4 ,no4 #bjj4 ,dispos$1 ,disposition4 ,arrang$1 arrangem5t4 ,divid+ ,l9es4 ,no4 #ch3 also ,nos4 #bg-cg4 ,dolph94 ,a fav\rite fi% ) ,h]alds4 ,! h]aldic ,dolph9 ( antiquity is exemplifi$ 9 ,no4 #h2 t ( ! ,middle ,ages 9 ,no4 #afc4 ,dormant4 ,asleep1 z 9 ,no4 #agi4 ,d\ble-queu$4 ,hav+ two tails4 ,no4 #aha4 ,d\bl+4 ,! l9+ ( a ,mantle or ,mantl+4 ,dove-tail4 ,no4 #cha4 ,dragon4 ,a w+$ mon/] hav+ f\r legs4 ,no4 #bcf4 ,duke4 ,! highe/ rank & title 9 ! ,briti% ,pe]age2 fir/ introduc$ by ,,edw>d ,,iii4 9 ! ye> #accg1 :5 he creat$ ! ,,black ,,pr9ce ! fir/ ,engli% ,duke 79 ,lat91 ,dux74 ,a ,duke is ,mo/ ,noble2 he is /yl$ ,my ,"l ,duke1 & ,y\r ,grace2 & all 8 y\ng] sons are ,lords1 & all 8 daught]s ,ladies1 ) ! prefix ,"r ,hon\rable4 ,8 elde/ son be>s1 by c\rtesy1 8 fa!r's second title2 &1 accord+ly1 he g5]ally be>s ! title ( ,m>quess4 ,:atev] 8 title1 h[ev]1 ! rank ( ! elde/ son ( a ,duke is always ! same1 & x assigns to him prec$5ce betwe5 ,m>quesses & ,e>ls4 ,! ,coronet ( a ,duke1 arbitr>y 9 its adornm5t until ! sixte5? c5tury 0 f> advanc$1 is n[ a circlet1 height5$ ) eight conv5tional /rawb]ry-leaves1 ( :i* 9 repres5tations ?ree & two half-leaves are %[n2 ,no4 #bcg4 ,x encloses a velvet cap4 ,! pres5t ducal coronet is repres5t$ 9 ! portrait ( ,,ludovick ,,/u>t1 ,k4,g41 ,duke ( ,,ri*mond & ,,l5nox1 :o di$ 9 #afbd2 ! picture1 ! prop]ty ( ! ,cr[n1 is at ,hampton ,c\rt4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bcf4--;,dragon4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bcg4--;,circlet ( a ,duke's ,coronet4 ,ducal ,coronet4 ,a t]m commonly1 b n v accurately1 appli$ to a ,cre/ ,coronet4 ,no4 #bcb4 ,du*ess4 ,! wife ( a ,duke4 ,%e is ,mo/ ,noble1 & is /yl$ ,y\r ,grace4 ,h] coronet is ! same z t ( a ,duke4 ,eagle4 ,see ,*apt] ,,ix41 page #ib4 ,eaglet4 ,an ,eagle on a small scale4 ,e>l4 ,9 ,lat91 ,comes2 9 ,fr5*1 ,comte or ,c\nt4 ,be=e #accg1 ! highe/1 & n[ ! ?ird degree ( rank & dignity 9 ! ,briti% ,pe]age4 ,an ,e>l is ,"r ,hon\rable2 he is /yl$ ,my ,"l2 8 elde/ son be>s 8 fa!r's second title1 g5]ally t ( ,visc\nt2 8 o!r sons are /yl$ ,hon\rable1 b all 8 daught]s are ,ladies4 ,! circlet ( an ,e>l's ,coronet has eight l(ty rays ( gold ris+ f ! circlet1 ea* ( :i* supports a l>ge pe>l1 :ile betwe5 ea* pair ( ^! rays !re is a gold5 /rawb]ry-leaf4 ,9 repres5tations five ( ! rays & pe>ls are %[n2 ,no4 #bch4 ,elevat$ clu/]s ( pe>ls appe> 9 an ,e>l's coronet--t ( ,,?omas ,,fitz ,,alan1 ,e>l ( ,,arundel--z e>ly z #adde2 b ! pres5t =m ( ! coronet may be assign$ to ! second half ( ! foll[+ c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bch4--;,circlet ( an ,e>l's ,coronet4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bci4--;,ea/]n ,cr[n4 ,ea/]n1 ,radiat$1 or ,antique ,cr[n4 ,no4 #bci4 ,electoral ,bonnet4 ,a cap ( crimson velvet gu>d$ ) erm9e1 borne1 9 ! ,royal ,arms1 ov] ! inescut*eon ( ! arms ( ,hanov] f #ahja till #ahaf4 ,no4 #bdj4 ,embattl$1 & ,c\nt]-,embattl$4 ,a t]m appli$ to a fess or b> :5 s depict$ bo? above & bel[4 ,emb[$4 ,b5t4 ,an arm emb[$ has ! elb[ to ! dext]1 unless blazon$ to ! contr>y4 ,embru$4 ,/a9$ ) blood4 ,endorse4 ,a dim9utive ( ! pale4 ,enfil$4 ,pi]c$1 e4g4 ) a sword1 or surr\nd$1 e4g4 ) a coronet4 ,engrail$4 ,! bord]-l9e1 ,no4 #ch;,d4 ,enhanc$4 ,rais$ t[>ds ! *ief4 ,?us ! arms ( ,,byron1 ,no4 #bda1 are--,arg41 ?ree b5dlets enhanc$ gu4 ,ensign$4 ,adorn$2 hav+ "s ensign ( hon\r plac$ above--z a coronet above a %ield4 ,entire4 ,said ( a *>ge :5 x is necess>y to express t x ext5ds to ! bord] l9es ( a %ield1 coat1 or bann]2 also ( a %ield1 coat1 or bann] ( arms1 :5 borne )\t any diff]5ce or m>k ( cad5cy4 ,entoire1 ,entoyre4 ,a bordure *>g$ ) a s]ies ( inanimate figures or devices1 z crosslets1 r\ndles1 c42 to a simil> bordure ( liv+ figures ! t]m ,enaluron is appli$4 ,^! are n t]ms ord9>ily 9 use4 ,envelop$1 ,environ$4 ,surr\nd$4 ,equipp$4 ,fully arm$1 cap>ison$1 or provid$4 ,eradicat$4 ,torn up by ! roots4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bdj4--;,electoral ,bonnet4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bda4--,%ield ( ,byron4 ,eras$4 ,torn (f ) a ragg$ edge2 ! contr>y to ,c\p$4 ,erm9e1 ,erm9es1 ,erm9ois4 ,nos4 #eg-fj & #eg;,a4 ,! animal1 ! erm9e1 sometimes appe>s 9 blazon1 & an erm9e spot is borne z a *>ge4 ,erne4 ,an eagle4 7,see p4 #if47 ,esc>buncle4 ,no4 #ai4 ,escroll4 ,a ribbon *>g$ ) a motto2 also a ribbon1 coil$ at its extremities1 borne z a *>ge4 ,escut*eon4 ,an h]aldic %ield3 ,nos4 #ci-dj3 also ,no4 #bg4 ,an ,escut*eon1 :5 borne z a *>ge1 is usually blazon$ z an ,inescut*eon3 ?us1 ! ,arms ( ,,hay are1--,arg41 ?ree inescut*eons gu43 see also ,nos4 #aca1 #acc4 ,escut*eon ( ,pret5ce4 ,a %ield *>g$ ^u ! c5tre ( ! field ( ano!r %ield ( l>g] size1 & be>+ a di/9ct ,coat-(-,arms4 ,escallop1 or ,escallop-,%ell4 ,a beautiful & fav\rite *>ge2 ,no4 #afe4 ,esquire4 ,a rank bel[ t ( ,knight4 ,besides ^? ,esquires :o are p]sonal att5dants ( ,knights ( ,ord]s ( ,knigh?ood at _! in/allations1 ?is title is held by mo/ att5dants on ! p]son ( ! ,sov]eign1 & all p]sons hold+ or hav+ held ! ,sov]eign's commission 9 :i* !y are s /yl$4 ,e/ate4 ,dignity & rank4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bdb4--;,e/oile4 ,e/oile4 ,a /> ) wavy rays or po9ts1 :i* are six1 eight1 or sometimes ev5 m 9 numb]3 ,no4 #bdb4 7,see ,mullet47 ,false4 ,said ( any *>ge :5 its c5tral area is remov$--?us1 an ,annulet is a false r\ndle4 ,fan1 or ,w9n[+ ,fan1 or ,vane4 ,! well-kn[n implem5t ( husb&ry ( t "n1 borne by ! ,k5ti% ,family ( ,de ,sevans or ,septvans--,az41 ?ree fans or 7,e4 #b74 ,?is %ield appe>s 9 ! ,brass to ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,sevans1 ,a4,d4 #acje1 at ,*>?am1 9 ,k5t1 & 9 ! cloi/]s at ,cant]bury4 ,fan ,cre/4 ,an e>ly =m ( decoration = ! knightly helm1 exemplifi$ 9 ! #bnd ,great ,seal ( ,,ri*>d ,i41 & 9 _m o!r ,seals1 until ab\t ,a4,d4 #acej4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xiv47 ,fea!rs4 ,g5]ally ^? ( ! ,o/ri*1 sometimes ( ! swan1 ! turkey1 & a few o!r birds1 borne g5]ally z ,cre/s & ,badges1 bo? s+ly & 9 plumes or gr\ps4 7,see ,o/ri* ,fea!r1 ,pana*e1 & ,*apt] ,,xiv47 ,femme4 ,! ,wife1 z di/+ui%$ f ! ,b>on1 ! ,husb&4 ,f]-de-,mol9e1 or ,mill-r9d4 ,! iron affix$ to ! c5tre ( a mill-/one2 ,no4 #bdc3 a modification ( ! ,cross-mol9e2 ,no4 #ig4 ,f]mail 7plural ,f]maux74 ,a buckle3 ,no4 #bdd4 ,sev]al v>ieties ( =m appe> 9 blazon1 x be+ usual to specify !m z r\nd1 oval1 squ>e1 or loz5ge-%ap$4 ,!y are always blazon$ z buckles4 ,fess1 or ,fesse4 ,"o ( ! ,ord9>ies3 ,nos4 #gf-hj4 ,fesse-wise1 ,9 ,fesse4 ,dispos$ 9 a horizontal l9e1 side by side1 across ! c5tre ( ! field1 & ov] ! ,fesse-,po9t ( a %ield3 ,no4 #bg1 ,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bdc4--;,f]-de-,mol9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bdd4--;,f]mails4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bde4--;,fett]-lock4 ,fett]-lock4 ,a %ackle & padlock--a ,yorki/ ,badge3 ,no4 #bde2 is f ! ,brass to ,sir ,s4 ,,de ,,felbrigge1 ,k4,g41 at ,felbrigg1 ,norfolk1 ,a4,d4 #adad2 ?is1 h[ev]1 be+ a v unusual %ape4 ,field4 ,! entire surface ( a ,%ield or ,bann]1 or ( an ,ord9>y4 ,file4 ,a ,label1 f ! ,lat9 filum1 a n>r[ ribbon4 ,fillet4 ,a dim9utive ( a ,*ief4 ,fimbriat$4 ,bord]$--! bord] 7:i* is n>r[7 ly+ 9 ! same plane ) ! object bord]$3 ,no4 #hi4 ,fi%4 ,num]\s ,fi% appe> 9 blazon1 & g5]ally 9 _! prop] t9ctures4 ,!y are borne z allusive *>ges1 & also z types ( "s connection betwe5 ^? p]sons :o be> !m & ! sea or lakes or riv]s4 ,mr4 ,m\le has publi%$ an admirable volume on ! ,h]aldry ( ,fi%1 beautifully illu/rat$ ) examples drawn by 8 daught]4 7,see p4 #gg47 ,fit*e4 ,po9t$ at ! base1 z 9 ,no4 #aaj4 ,flan*es1 ,flasques4 ,subord9>ies3 ,nos4 #ada1 #adb4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bdf4--;,fleur de lys4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bdg4--;,france ,anci5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bdh4--;,france ,mod]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bdi4--;,edmund1 ,e>l ( ,lanca/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bej4--,m>g>et1 ,que5 ( ,edw>d ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bea4--,seal ( ,m>g>et1 second ,que5 ( ,edw>d ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #beb4--,%ield ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 ,a4,d4 #acdj4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bec4--,%ield ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 ab\t ,a4,d4 #adje4 ,fleur de lys4 ,! beautiful h]aldic device s long id5tifi$ ) ! hi/ory ( ,france3 ,no4 #bdf 7f ! monum5t ( ,,edw>d ,,iii4874 ,! fleur de lys1 d]iv$1 x w\ld seem1 f ! fl[] ( a lily resembl+ ! iris1 0 adopt$ by ,,l\is ,,vii4 7,a4,d4 #aacg-aahj7 z 8 royal ensign1 & 9 due "t x 0 regul>ly *>g$ ^u a true ,%ield ( ,arms4 ,orig9ally ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,france 0--,az41 seme ( fleurs de lys1 or2 ! fleurs de lys scatt]$ freely ov] ! field1 & ! ,%ield itself hav+ ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 cut out ( a l>g] object1 ov] ! :ole surface ( :i* ! fl[]s _h be5 seme4 ,?is ,%ield ( ,france is di/+ui%$ z ,france ,anci5t3 ,no4 #bdg4 ,ab\t ,a4,d4 #acfe1 ,,*>les ,v4 ( ,france r$uc$ ! numb] ( ! fleurs de lys to ?ree2 & ?is ,%ield is n[ kn[n z ,france ,mod]n3 ,no4 #bdh4 ,9 ! ye> #abge1 ,,edmund1 fir/ ,e>l ( ,lanca/]1 ! second son ( ,,h5ry ,,iii41 m>ri$ ,,blan*e ( ,artois1 :5 he diff]5c$ 8 %ield ( ,engl& ) a label ( ,france--a blue label *>g$ on ea* po9t ) ?ree gold5 fleurs de lys4 ,no4 #bdi1 ?us1 = ! fir/ "t did ! armorial insignia ( ,engl& & ,france appe> toge!r ^u ! same ,%ield4 ,9 #abii ,,edw>d ,i4 m>ri$ 8 second ,que51 ,,m>g>et ( ,france1 & !n ?is royal lady plac$ on "o ( h] ,seals a ,%ield ( ,engl& & ,france dimidiat$3 ,no4 #bej4 ,on ano!r ( h] ,seals1 a v noble example ( ! ,seal-engrav]'s art1 ,que5 ,,m>g>et display$ ! ,%ield ( ,k+ ,,edw>d ,i41 h] husb&1 surr\nd$1 on ! field ( ! ,seal1 ) h] fa!r's fleurs de lys3 ,no4 #bea4 ,on ! ,seals ( ,,isabelle ( ,france1 ,que5 ( ,,edw>d ,,ii41 ! same dimidiat$ %ield1 & ano!r %ield qu>t]+ ! arms ( ,engl& ) ,france ,anci5t & two o!r ,fr5* coats 7,nav>re & ,*ampagne7 appe>4 ,!n ,pr9ce ,,john ( ,,el?am *>g$ a bordure ( ,france ^u 8 %ield1 ,no4 #bd2 ?us apply+ ! sugge/ion ( ! ,seal ( ,que5 ,,m>g>et1 ,no4 #bea1 9 su* a mann] z 0 consi/5t ) ! advanc$ condition ( h]aldic art4 ,on 8 accession 9 #acbg1 ,,edw>d ,,iii4 plac$ a fleur de lys on ea* side ( ! ,%ield ( ,engl& ^u 8 ,great ,seal3 & 9 #acdj1 :5 he claim$ ! cr[n ( ,france1 ,,edw>d qu>t]$ ,france ,anci5t ) 8 lions ( ,engl&3 ,no4 #beb4 ,%ortly aft] 8 accession1 p]haps 9 #adje1 9 ord] to con=m to ! alt]$ blazonry ( ! ,fr5* sov]eigns1 ,,h5ry ,,iv4 qu>t]$ ,france ,mod]n on 8 %ield3 ,no4 #bec4 ,! position ( ! ?ree fleurs de lys 0 m ?an once *ang$ 9 ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,engl& 7z ,i %all h]eaft] %[ m p>ticul>ly7 aft] ! accession ( ! ,,/u>ts2 & !y 7 n f9ally remov$ till ! fir/ ye> ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! fleur de lys is also borne on _m ,engli% ,%ields1 dispos$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,9 mod]n cad5cy ! fleur de lys is ! diff]5ce ( ! six? son1 or h\se4 ,fleurette1 ,florette4 ,t]m9at+ 91 or bord]$ )1 fleurs de lys2 also1 seme de lys4 ,fleurie1 or ,fleury4 ,end+ z ,no4 #ajj2 also1 seme de lys4 ,flex$4 ,b[$1 b5t4 ,flight$4 ,fea!r$1 z arr[s are4 ,fly4 ,! l5g?1 & also ! side ( a flag f>!/ f ! /aff4 ,foliat$4 ,crisp$1 or =m$ l a leaf4 ,f\nta94 ,no4 #aec4 ,f\r*e1 ,queue ,f\r*e4 ,a t]m appli$ to a lion ) a =k$ tail4 ,fret1 or ,frette4 ,a subord9>y3 ,no4 #adh4 ,frette1 ,fretty3 cov]$ ) fretwork3 ,no4 #adi4 ,fruct$4 ,be>+ fruit or se$s4 ,furs4 ,see p4 #da3 ,nos4 #eg-fe4 ,fusil4 ,an elongat$ ,loz5ge3 ,no4 #bj;,a1 p4 #gj4 ,fusille1 or ,fusilly4 ,a field entirely compos$ ( ,fusils1 all ly+ 9 ! same plane4 ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #bed1 #bee4--;,fylfot4 ,fylfot4 ,a peculi> cruci=m figure1 suppos$ to h a my/ic signification1 f\nd 9 milit>y & ecclesia/ical decorations 9 ,engl&1 & on ,ea/]n co9s1 c43 ,nos4 #bed1 #bee2 ! latt] example is f ! monum5t ( ,bi%op ,,bronscombe1 9 ,exet] ,ca!dral4 ,gad1 ,gadlyng4 ,a spike1 knob1 or o!r figure1 project+ f ! knuckles ( gauntlets4 ,galley4 ,an anci5t %ip4 7,see ,lymphad47 ,g>b4 ,a %eaf ( :eat2 if ( any o!r gra91 ?is to be specifi$4 ,g>ni%$4 ,adorn$ 9 a becom+ mann]4 ,g>t]1 ,ord] ( !4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,g>t] ,k+-(-,arms4 ,! *ief ( ! (ficial ,h]alds ( ,engl&1 & (fic] ( arms ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]4 7,see ,h]ald47 ,gemelles4 ,see ,b>s ,gemelles4 ,gem-,r+4 ,a r+ = ! f+]1 set ) a jewel4 ,g5et4 ,a spott$ animal1 some:at l a m>t53 a badge ( ,que5 ,,joanna ( ,nav>re4 ,george1 ,sa9t4 ,! ,patron ,sa9t ( ,engl&4 ,! circum/ances :i* l$ to 8 association ) ,engl& are unkn[n4 ,8 ,%ield ( arms1 a r$ cross on a silv] field1 fir/ appe>s 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury3 ,no4 #a4 ,george1 ,!4 ,a m\nt$ figure ( ! ,sa9t 9 ! act ( pi]c+ ! dragon ) 8 lance1 & worn z a p5dant to ! coll> ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]2 add$ to ! insignia ( ! ,ord]1 ) ! ,coll>1 by ,,h5ry ,,vii4 ,! ,less] ,george has ! same gr\p on an enamell$ field1 & surr\nd$ by ! ,g>t] ( ! ,ord]1 ! :ole =m+ a jewel1 g5]ally oval 9 %ape3 x 0 introduc$ by ,,h5ry ,,viii41 & is n[ worn p5d5t f ! d>k-blue ribbon ( ! ,ord]1 ! ribbon pass+ ov] ! left %\ld] & ! jewel hang+ on ! "r side ( ! we>]4 ,orig9ally1 ?is ,less] ,george 0 worn f ei!r a gold *a9 or a black ribbon3 by ,que5 ,,elizabe? ! col\r ( ! ribbon 0 *ang$ to sky-blue1 & x assum$ its pres5t d>k] hue 9 ! reign ( ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,g]attyng4 ,diff]5c+ by ! introduction ( small *>ges4 ,x is an e>ly t]m1 n[ obsolete4 ,gimmel-r+4 ,two annulets1 int]lac$4 ,girt1 ,girdl$4 ,encircl$1 or b\nd r\nd4 ,gonfannon4 ,a long flag1 po9t$ or swall[-tail$ at ! fly1 & display$ f a transv]se b> atta*$ to a /aff4 ,gorg$4 ,encircl$ r\nd ! ?roat4 ,g\tte1 ,gutte4 ,spr9kl$ ov] ) drops ei!r ( gold--g\tte d'or2 ( silv]--d'eau2 ( blue--de l>mes 7te>s72 ( r$--de sang 7blood72 or ( black--de poix 7pit*74 ,gr& ,qu>t]s4 ,! f\r prim>y divisions ( a ,%ield1 :5 x is divid$ qu>t]ly3 ,nos4 #cj1 #cf1 #cg4 ,! t]m ,gr& ,qu>t] may be us$ to signify a prim>y qu>t] or division ( a qu>t]$ ,%ield or ,coat1 & to di/+ui% su* a qu>t] :5 x is qu>t]$4 ,grieces4 ,/eps4 ,gu>dant4 ,look+ out f ! field3 ,nos4 #agb1 #agd1 #agf1 #ahg4 ,guige4 ,a ,%ield-belt1 worn ov] ! "r %\ld]1 & frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 h]aldic compositions z if su/a9+ a ,%ield ( arms3 ,nos4 #dh1 #di4 ,gules4 ,r$3 ,no4 #ec4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bef4--,%ield ( ,r4 de ,gorges4 ,gurges1 or ,gorges4 ,a *>ge =m$ ( a spiral l9e ( blue on a :ite field1 & suppos$ to repres5t a :irlpool3 borne 7,h4 #c7 by ,r4 ,,de ,,gorges3 ,no4 #bef4 ,gyron4 ,a ,subord9>y4 ,gyronny4 ,a field divid$ into ,gyrons3 ,no4 #adg4 7,see page #gj47 ,habit$4 ,clo!d4 ,hames1 ,heames4 ,p>ts ( horses' h>ness4 ,hamm]1 or ,m>tel4 ,repres5t$ 9 blazon mu* 9 ! same %ape z ! implem5t 9 common use 7,h4 #c74 ,h>p4 ,a device & badge ( ,irel&4 ,! ,iri% ,h>p ( gold ) silv] /r+s on a blue field =ms ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! ,royal ,arms4 ,h>t4 ,a /ag1 ) attires2 ! female is a ,h9d3 page #ha4 ,ha/ilude4 ,a t\rnam5t4 ,hat*m5t4 ,an a*ievem5t ( arms 9 a loz5ge-%ap$ frame1 plac$ ^u ! front 7g5]ally ov] ! pr9cipal entrance7 ( ! resid5ce ( a p]son lately deceas$4 ,9 ! case ( ! decease ( an unm>ri$ p]son1 or ( a wid[] or wid[1 ! :ole ( ! field ( ! hat*m5t is pa9t$ black2 b 9 ! case ( a m>ri$ p]son1 t "p only ( ! field is black :i* adjo9s ! side ( ! a*ievem5t occupi$ by ! armorial insignia ( ! individual deceas$4 ,?us1 if a husb& be deceas$1 ! dext] half ( ! field ( ! hat*m5t is black1 & ! s9i/] :ite2 & s1 9 l mann]1 if ! wife be deceas$1 ! s9i/] is black & ! dext] :ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #beg4--;,hawk's ,lure4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #beh4--;,hawk's ,bells & ,jesses4 ,hauriant4 ,a fi% 9 pale1 its head 9 *ief4 ,hawk's bells1 jesses1 & lure4 ,a falcon]'s decoy1 =m$ ( fea!rs ) _! tips 9 base1 & jo9$ by a cord & r+1 ,no4 #beg2 also bells ) /raps to be atta*$ to hawks1 ,no4 #beh4 ,height5$4 ,rais$2 plac$ above or high]4 ,heights4 ,appli$ to plumes ( fea!rs :i* are arrang$ 9 r[s or sets1 "o ris+ above ano!r4 ,see ,pana*e4 ,helm1 ,helmet4 ,n[ plac$ z an accessory above a ,%ield ( arms1 & be>+ its ,cre/ aft] ! fa%ion 9 :i*1 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 bo? ,helm & ,cre/ 7 actually worn 9 t\rnam5ts4 ,a mod]n usage di/+ui%es ,helms z foll[s3--,! ,sov]eign--,helm ( gold1 ) six b>s1 set affronte1 ,no4 #bei2 ,noblem5--,helm ( silv]1 g>ni%$ ) gold1 set 9 pr(ile1 & %[+ five b>s1 ,no4 #bfj2 ,b>onets & ,knights--( /eel ) silv] ornam5ts1 )\t b>s1 ! vizor rais$1 set affronte1 ,no4 #bfa2 ,esquires & ,g5tlem5--( /eel1 ! vizor clos$1 & set 9 pr(ile1 ,nos4 #bfb1 #bfc4 ,! ,helms t appe> on e>ly ,seals & 9 o!r h]aldic compositions till ab\t ,a4,d4 #afjj1 are all set 9 pr(ile1 & ! %ield g5]ally hangs f !m c\*e1 z 9 ,no4 #di4 ,9 ^! e>ly compositions1 ! %ield is small 9 proportion to ! helm & its accessories4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bei4--;,helm ( ! ,sov]eign4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bfj4--;,helm ( ,nobles4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bfa4--;,helm ( ,b>onets & ,knights4 ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #bfb1 #bfc4--;,helms ( ,esquires & ,g5tlem54 ,hemp-brake1 ,hackle4 ,an in/rum5t hav+ saw-tee?1 us$ = bruis+ hemp4 ,h5eage ,knot4 ,no4 #bfd4 ,h]ald4 ,an (fic] ( arms4 ,! ,h]alds ( ,engl& 7 incorporat$ by ,,ri*>d ,,iii42 & f ,que5 ,,m>y1 9 #aeee1 !y receiv$ a grant ( ,d]by ,h\se1 on ! site ( :i*1 betwe5 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral & ! ,?ames1 /&s _! pres5t (ficial resid5ce1 ,,h]alds' ,,college1 or ! ,,college ,,( ,,arms4 ,! college n[ consi/s ( ?ree ,,k+s-,,(-,,arms--,g>t]1 ,cl>5ceux1 & ,norroy2 six ,,h]alds1 :o h prec$5ce by s5iority ( appo9tm5t--,*e/]1 ,lanca/]1 ,ri*mond1 ,w9dsor1 ,york1 & ,som]set2 & f\r ,,pursuivants--,r\ge ,dragon1 ,portcullis1 ,r\ge ,croix1 & ,bluemantle4 ,! (ficial habit is a ,tab>d1 emblazon$ ) ! ,royal ,arms1 & ! ,k+s & ,h]alds we> a ,coll> ( ,,ss4 ,! ,k+s h a ,cr[n1 =m$ ( a gold5 circlet1 f :i* rise sixte5 oak-leaves1 n9e ( :i* appe> 9 repres5tations2 & ! circlet itself is *>g$ ) ! words1 ,mis]]e mei ,deus secundum magnam mis]icordiam tuam 7,h m]cy on me1 ,o ,god1 accord+ to ?y great lov+-k9dness74 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bfd4--;,h5eage ,knot4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bfe4--;,arms ( ! ,h]alds' ,college4 ,! supreme head ( ! ,engli% ,h]alds1 "u ! ,,sov]eign1 is ! ,,e>l ,,m>%al1 an (fice h]$it>y 9 ! family ( ! ,,duke ,,( ,,norfolk4 ,! ,arms ( ! ,college are--,arg41 a cross gu41 betwe5 f\r doves _! dext] w+s exp&$ & inv]t$ az43 ,no4 #bfe2 ,cre/--,f a cre/-coronet or1 a dove ris+ az42 ,support]s--,two lions ramp4 gu>d4 arg41 ducally gorg$ or4 ,ea* ( ! ,k+s has 8 own (ficial arms1 :i* he impales ) 8 pat]nal coat on ! dext] side ( ! %ield4 ,! ,arms ( ,g>t] are--,arg41 a cross gu42 on a *ief az41 a ducal coronet encircl$ ) a ,g>t] ( ! ,ord]1 betwe5 a lion ( ,engl& & a fleur de lys1 all or4 ,cl>5ceux & ,norroy h ! same %ield1 b ! =m] has a lion ( ,engl& only1 cr[n$1 on a *ief gules2 & ! latt]1 on a *ief p] pale az4 & gu41 has a simil> lion betwe5 a fleur de lys & a key1 all ( gold4 ,!re is also ano!r ,k+ /yl$ ,ba?1 :o is specially atta*$ to ! ,ord] ( ! ,ba?2 he is n a memb] ( ! ,college4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bff4--;,arms ( ,lyon ,(fice4 ,lyon ,k+-(-,arms is ! *ief ,h]ald ( ,scotl&2 & ! e/abli%m5t ov] :i* he presides is /yl$ ! ,lyon ,(fice4 ,! ,arms ( ! ,(fice are--,arg41 a lion sejant erect & affront gu41 hold+ 9 8 dext] paw a ?i/le slipp$ v]t1 & 9 ! s9i/] an escut*eon ( ! second2 on a *ief az41 a saltire ( ! fir/3 ,no4 #bff4 ,irel& is ! h]aldic prov9ce ( ,ul/] ,k+-(-,arms4 ,8 (ficial armorial ensigns diff] f ^? ( ,g>t] only 9 ! *>ges ( ! *ief1 :i* are a lion ( ,engl& betwe5 a gold5 h>p & a portcullis4 ,h]ison4 ,a h$gehog4 ,hill1 ,hillock4 ,a m\nd ( e>?4 ,hirondelle4 ,a swall[4 ,hoi/4 ,! dep? ( a flag f *ief to base4 ,see ,fly4 ,hon\r ,po9t4 ,no4 #bg1 ,l4 ,humette4 ,cut %ort at ! extremities4 ,hur/4 ,a clump ( trees4 ,hurt4 ,a blue r\ndle4 ,illegitimacy4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,imbru$1 or ,embru$4 ,/a9$ ) blood4 ,impal$4 ,conjo9$ p] pale4 ,impalem5t4 ,! unit+ ( two 7or m7 di/9ct coats p] pale1 to =m a s+le a*ievem5t4 ,imp]ially ,cr[n$4 ,ensign$ ) ! ,cr[n ( ,engl&4 ,inc5s$1 ,inflam$4 ,on fire2 hav+ fire issu+ =?4 ,incresc5t4 ,no4 #aff1 ,b4 ,see ,decresc5t4 ,ind5t$4 ,no4 #ch1 ,a4 ,inescut*eon4 ,an h]aldic ,%ield borne z a *>ge4 ,?is t]m is sometimes us$ to d5ote an ,escut*eon ( ,pret5ce4 ,9 b5d4 ,dispos$ 9 ! position ( a b5d2 ,9 ,*evron1 ,9 ,*ief1 ,9 ,cross1 ,9 ,fesse1 c4 ,dispos$ aft] ! mann] ( a *evron1 or 9 ! *ief ( ! %ield1 or 9 ! =m ( a cross1 c4 ,9 ,foliage4 ,be>+ leaves4 ,9 ,lure4 ,w+s conjo9$ 9 ! =m ( a hawk's lure4 ,9 h] piety4 ,a t]m appli$ to a pelican fe$+ h] "y4 ,9 ,pret5ce4 ,a t]m appli$ to a s+le inescut*eon plac$ ^u & 9 ! c5tre ( a l>g] escut*eon4 ,9 ,pride4 ,hav+ ! tail display$1 z a peacock's4 ,9 ,quadrangle4 ,:5 f\r *>ges are s dispos$ t "o is 9 ea* qu>t] ( ! %ield4 ,9 ,spl5d\r4 ,! sun irradiat$4 ,irradiat$4 ,surr\nd$ by rays ( light4 ,issuant4 ,proce$+ f1 or out (4 ,jambe1 ,gambe4 ,! leg ( a lion1 or o!r bea/ ( prey3 ,no4 #ahe4 ,jellop$4 ,hav+ wattles & a comb1 z a cock4 ,jesses4 ,/raps = hawk's bells4 ,jessant4 ,%oot+ =?4 ,jessant de lys4--,a comb9ation ( a leop>d's face & a fleur-de-lys3 ,no4 #bfg4 ,j\/4 ,a t\rnam5t4 ,jupon4 ,a %ort1 sleeveless surcoat1 worn ov] arm\r f ab\t #acdj to ab\t #adje4 ,x is (t5 *>g$ ) armorial insignia1 & ?us is a true coat ( arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bfg4--;,jessant de lys4 ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #bfh1 #bfi4--;,h]aldic ,keys4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bgj4--;,ha/+s ,badge4 ,key4 ,:5 repres5t$ 9 e>ly blazon1 ,keys h always elegant =ms4 ,no4 #bfh is f ,pet]bor\gh ,ca!dral1 & ,no4 #bfi f ,exet]4 ,k+-(-,arms4 ,see ,h]ald4 ,knigh?ood1 ,ord]s (3 ,knights4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,knot4 ,an int]tw9$ cord1 borne z a badge4 ,! v>ieties ( ?is device are--,! ,b\r*i]1 ,no4 #bai2 ! ,b[51 ,no4 #bbj2 ! ,h>+ton 7! same z a ,frette71 ,no4 #adh2 ! ,h5eage1 ,no4 #bfd2 ! ,lacy1 ,no4 #bgd2 ! ,/af=d1 ,no4 #cjd2 & ! ,wake & ,ormond1 ,no4 #cac4 ,cords 7 sometimes int]tw9$ ab\t o!r figures & devices1 & s =m$ :at may be reg>d$ z ,comp\nd ,badges1 :i* significantly decl>$ ! union ( two h\ses3 ?us1 ! knot ( ,,edw>d ,"l ,,ha/+s unites ! ,hung]=d sickle ) ! ,pev]el g>be3 ,no4 #bgj2 & ! ,dacre knot is entw9$ ab\t ! ,dacre escallop & ! fam\s ragg$ /aff ( ,beau*amp & ,neville3 ,no4 #bce4 ,label1 or ,file4 ,a n>r[ ribbon plac$ across ! field ( a %ield ne> ! *ief1 & hav+ ?ree1 five1 or sometimes o!r numb]s ( po9ts dep5d+ f x1 its object be+ to m>k ,cad5cy4 ,9 ! e>ly ,labels ! numb] ( ! po9ts 0 arbitr>y1 ! usual numb]s be+ five & ?ree2 &1 subsequ5tly1 ?ree po9ts 7 almo/ univ]sally us$2 ! object always 0 to r5d] ! ,label conspicu\s4 ,9 blazon a ,label is suppos$ to h ?ree po9ts2 b1 if m1 ! numb] is to be specifi$2 ?us1 ,no4 #bga is simply a ,label1 b ,no4 #bgb is a ,label ( five po9ts4 ,labels appe> e>ly 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & 9 ! next c5tury !y are 9 con/ant use4 ,v>i\s *>ges may be plac$ on ! po9ts ( ,labels to ext5d _! capacity = diff]5c+4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,,edw>d ! ,,black ,,pr9ce ! ,label ( ! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales has be5 pla9 silv]4 ,! ,label is almo/ exclusively 7n[ )\t any exception7 us$ 9 ,royal ,cad5cy2 b1 9 mod]n ,h]aldry1 9 ! case ( all o!r p]sons x is ! peculi> m>k ( ! elde/ son4 ,! ,label is also f\nd z a *>ge4 ,x has become a usage 9 ! deg5]ate days ( ,h]aldry to repres5t ! ,label z 9 ,no4 #bgc1 in/ead ( ! e>li] & f> pref]able =ms ( ,nos4 #bga1 #bgb4 ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #bga-bgc4--,labels4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bgd4--,lacy ,knot4 ,lacy ,knot4 ,no4 #bgd4 ,lambrequ94 ,a mantl+4 ,langu$4 ,a t]m :i* ref]s to ! t9cture ( an animal's tongue4 ,leaves4 ,_! peculi>ities are to be blazon$1 z laurel leaves1 oak leaves1 c4 ,leop>d1 ,leop>d4 ,see page #hd4 ,lett]s ( ! ,alphabet sometimes are ,*>ges4 ,?us1 ! ,arms ( ! ,dean]y ( ,cant]bury are--,az41 on a cross arg41 ! lett] x surm\nt$ by ! lett] i sable3 ! x is on ! cross at ! int]section ( its limbs1 & ! i is above x4 ,l9e1 or ,bord] ,l9e4 ,no4 #ch4 ,l9$4 ,hav+ a cord atta*$3 also1 hav+ a l9+4 ,lion4 ,see page #hc4 ,lioncel4 ,a lion drawn to a small scale1 & g5]ally rampant1 ,nos4 #aad1 #aae1 #aig4 ,liv]y ,col\rs4 ,( ! ,,plantag5ets1 z "o family1 :ite & sc>let2 ( ! h\se ( ,,york1 blue & murrey2 ( ! h\se ( ,,lanca/]1 :ite & blue2 ( ! h\se ( ,,tudor1 :ite & gre54 ,! pres5t ,royal ,liv]y is sc>let & gold4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 all great families _h _! own liv]y col\rs1 :i* _h no necess>y relation to ! t9ctures ( ! %ield4 ,lodg$4 ,a t]m d5ot+ animals ( ! *ase :5 at re/ or 9 repose1 ,nos4 #be1 #bf4 ,loz5ge4 ,a squ>e figure set diagonally1 ,no4 #dg 7also see page #fi74 ,! armorial insignia ( unm>ri$ ladies & wid[s1 ) ! sole exception ( a ,sov]eign1 are blazon$ on a ,loz5ge in/ead ( an ,escut*eon4 ,loz5gy4 ,a field divid$ loz5gewise3 ,no4 #ade4 ,luce1 or ,lucy4 ,! fi% n[ call$ pike4 ,see page #gg & ,no4 #afd4 ,lure4 ,see ,9 ,lure4 ,lymphad4 ,an anci5t galley1 ,no4 #bge4 ,x 0 ! feudal ensign ( ! ,scotti% lord%ip ( ,,lorn1 & z su* qu>t]$ by ! ,duke ( ,,argyll4 ,ma9t5ance1 ,cap (4 ,see ,*apeau4 ,man*e1 ,maun*e4 ,a lady's sleeve ) a long p5d5t lappet1 worn 9 ! "t ( ,,h5ry ,i41 & borne z an armorial *>ge by ! families ( ,,ha/+s1 ,,cony]s1 & "s o!rs4 ,,ha/+s 7,h4 #c7--,or1 a man*e gu43 ,no4 #bgf4 ,mantle4 ,a fl[+ robe worn ov] ! arm\r1 or ov] _! ord9>y co/ume1 by p]sonages ( di/9ction ( bo? sexes3 ! mantles ( ladies 7 commonly decorat$ ) armorial blazonry4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bge4--,lymphad4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bgf4--;,arms ( ,ha/+s4 ,mantl+1 or ,lambrequ94 ,a small mantle ( "s ri* mat]ials1 atta*$ to ! knightly bas9et or helm1 & worn hang+ d[n4 ,x is usually repres5t$ ) jagg$ edges1 to repres5t ! cuts to :i* x w\ld be expos$ 9 actual battle3 ,no4 #aii4 7,see ,pana*e47 ,mantl+s blazon$ ) a*ievem5ts ( arms are sometimes adju/$ 9 folds to =m a backgr\nd to ! composition1 & !y are also occasionally diff]5c$ ) v>i\s *>ges4 ,m>quess1 ,m>quis4 ,! second ord] ( ! ,briti% ,pe]age1 9 rank next to t ( ,duke4 ,?is rank & title 7 introduc$ into ,engl& 9 #achg1 by ,,ri*>d ,,ii41 :o !n creat$ 8 fav\rite1 ,,rob]t ,,de ,,v]e1 ,m>quess ( ,,dubl94 ,! next creation 0 by ,,h5ry ,,vi4 ,a ,m>quess is ,mo/ ,hon\rable2 he is /yl$ ,my ,"l ,m>quess3 all 8 y\ng] sons are ,lords1 & 8 daught]s ,ladies2 8 elde/ son be>s 8 fa!r's second title4 ,! ,coronet1 app>5tly contempor>y 9 its pres5t =m ) t ( ,dukes1 has its gold5 circlet height5$ ) f\r /rawb]ry leaves & z _m pe>ls1 arrang$ alt]nately3 9 repres5tations two ( ! pe>ls1 & "o leaf & two half-leaves are %[n1 ,no4 #bgg4 ,! wife ( a ,m>quess is a ,m>*ioness2 h] /yle corresponds ) t ( h] husb&1 & h] coronet is ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bgg4--;,circlet ( ! ,coronet ( a ,m>quess4 ,m>%all+4 ,! disposition ( m ?an "o di/9ct coat ( arms ^u a %ield1 s =m+ a s+le composition2 or ! aggr\pm5t ( two or m di/9ct %ields1 s z to =m a s+le composition2 also ! association ( su* accessories z ! helm1 mantl+1 cre/1 c41 & ( knightly & o!r insignia ) a %ield ( arms1 ?us aga9 =m+ a s+le h]aldic composition4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,m>tel4 ,a hamm]4 ,m>tlet4 ,! h]aldic ,m>t91 usually repres5t$ )\t feet3 ,nos4 #afj1 #afa1 & #gj & #hf4 ,mascle4 ,loz5ge void$3 ,no4 #adc4 ,mascule4 ,a field divid$ mascle-wise4 ,mason$4 ,repres5t+ brickwork4 ,memb]$4 ,to d5ote ! legs ( a bird4 ,m]*ant's m>k4 ,a device1 adopt$ z e>ly z #adjj by m]*ants1 z a sub/itute = h]aldic ensigns :i* 7 n conc$$ to !m4 ,su* m>ks are ! pr$ecessors ( ! ,trade-br&s & ,m>ks ( aft] times4 ,m]maid1 ,m]man1 or ,triton4 ,! well-kn[n fabul\s creatures ( ! sea1 borne occasionally z *>ges1 b m frequ5tly z support]s1 badges1 or cre/s4 ,a m]maid 0 ! device ( ,sir ,,william ,,de ,,briv]e1 :o di$ 9 #abbf1 & x is ! badge ( ! ,,b]keleys4 ,metal4 ,! ,t9ctures ,or & ,arg5t3 ,nos4 #ej1 #ea4 ,mill-r9d4 ,see ,f]-de-,mol9e4 ,mitre4 ,! ensign ( ar*iepiscopal & episcopal rank1 plac$ above ! arms ( prelates ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 sometimes borne z a *>ge1 & adopt$ by ! ,,b]keleys z _! cre/4 ,! cont\r ( ! mitre has v>i$ consid]ably at diff]5t p]iods1 ! e>ly examples be+ l[ & concave 9 _! sides1 ! lat] l(ty & convex4 ,see ,no4 #aei4 ,mol9e4 ,a cross t]m9at+ l a ,f]-de-mol9e1 ,no4 #ig4 ,9 mod]n cad5cy x is ! diff]5ce ( ! eigh? son4 ,moon4 ,no4 #aff1 page #hj4 ,motto4 ,a ^w1 or v %ort s5t5ce1 plac$ g5]ally bel[ a %ield b sometimes above a cre/1 an idea p]haps d]iv$ f ! w>-cries ( e>ly times4 ,a motto may be emblematical1 or x may h "s allusion to ! p]son be>+ x1 or to 8 "n & armorial insignia2 or x may be ! epigrammatic expression ( "s s5tim5t 9 special fav\r ) ! be>] ( x4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 allusive mottoes1 l allusive arms1 af=d curi\s examples ( m$ival puns4 ,i give a few *>act]i/ic examples3--,v]o nil v]ius 7no?+ tru] ?an tru?1 or1 no great] v]ity ?an 9 ,v]e7--,,v]e2 ,f>e1 fac 7,speak--act2 t is1 a ^w & bl[7--,,fairfax2 ,cave 7bew>e7--,,cave2 ,cav5do tutus 7safe1 by caution1 or by ,cav5di%7--,,cav5di%2 ,set on1 says ,,seton2 ,fight on1 quo? ,,fitton2 ,fe/9a l5te 7,on sl[--pu% =w>d1 b be cauti\s1 t is71 adds ,,onsl[4 ,aga93 ,,jeff]ay says1 ,je f]ay ce que je diray 7,i %all be true to my ^w72 ,,scudamore--,scutum amoris div9i 7! %ield ( ,div9e love72 says ,,james--,j'aime jamais 7,i love ev]72 says ,,e/wick--,e/ hic 7he is "h72 & ,,pole--,pollet virtus 7val\r prevails72 & ,,tev--,tais en temps 7be sil5t 9 "t74 ,! cre/ ( ,,*>t]is1 an arm ) ! h& grasp+ a sword1 has ov] x--,?is our *>t] is4 ,9 8 arms ! ,m>quess ,,*olmondeley be>s two helmets1 & 8 motto is--,cassis tutissima virtus 7val\r is ! safe/ helm72 ! cre/ ( ! ,,m>t9s ( ,dorset%ire 0 an ape1 ) ! significant motto--,he :o looks at ,m>t9's ape1 ,m>t9's ape %all look at him6 ,! motto ( ,,p]ceval is--,p]se val5s 7/rong 9 himself72 b1 ,d no yll1 quo? ,,doyle4 ,"s lippes1 z ,camd5 rem>ks1 h a ta/e = ?is k9d ( lettuce4 ,m\nd4 ,a globe1 encircl$ & ar*$ ov] ) ri* b&s1 & surm\nt$ by a cross-pate1 ! :ole an ensign ( ! royal e/ate4 ,a m\nd or orb =ms "p ( ! regalia1 & ! same =m appe>s ^u ! int]sect+ ar*es ( ! cr[n ( ! ,,sov]eign2 & x also surm\nts ! s+le ar* ( ! coronet ( ! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales3 ,nos4 #bcd1 #bhi4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bgh4--,mullet4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bgi4--,mullet1 pi]c$4 ,m\nt4 ,a gre5 hill4 ,mullet4 ,a />1 g5]ally ( five1 b sometimes ( six or m po9ts 7if m ?an five ! numb] to be specifi$71 always =m$ by "r l9es1 z ,no4 #bgh4 ,a mullet is sometimes pi]c$1 z 9 ,no4 #bgi1 :5 ! t9cture ( ! field is g5]ally app>5t ?r\gh ! circul> ap]ture4 ,9 mod]n cad5cy an unpi]c$ mullet is ! diff]5ce ( ! ?ird son4 ,see ,e/oile4 ,mural ,cr[n4 ,repres5ts masonry1 & is embattl$3 ,no4 #bhj4 ,naiant4 ,swimm+ 9 fesse4 ,see ,hauriant4 ,naissant4 ,equival5t to ,issuant1 b appli$ only to liv+ creatures4 ,naval ,cr[n4 ,has its circlet height5$ ) figures ( ! /]n & ! hoi/$ sail ( a %ip alt]nat+3 ,no4 #bha4 ,nebule1 or ,nebuly4 ,no4 #ch1 ,h4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bhj4--,mural ,cr[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bha4--,naval ,cr[n4 ,nimbus4 ,a glory ab\t ! head ( a figure ( a sa9t$ p]sonage3 sometimes us$ to d5ote sanctity 9 a symbolical device4 ,norroy4 ,see ,h]ald4 ,nova ,scotia1 ,badge (4 ,see ,b>onet4 ,n[$4 ,coil$ 9 a knot1 z a snake4 ,ogress4 ,a ,pellet1 or black r\ndle4 ,op9icus4 ,a fabul\s h]aldic mon/]1 a dragon be=e1 & a lion beh9d ) a camel's tail4 ,oppress$4 ,an alt]native = ,debruis$4 ,or4 ,! metal gold3 ,no4 #ej4 ,ord9>y4 ,an e>ly pr9cipal *>ge ( a simple "*4 ,see ,*apt] ,,vi41 & ,nos4 #ga-abh3 see also page #ad4 ,ord9>y ( arms4 ,a li/ ( armorial be>+s1 classifi$ or arrang$ alphabetically1 ) ! names ( ! be>]s4 ,see ,armory4 ,oreill]4 ,a cu%ion or pill[1 g5]ally ) tassels4 ,orle4 ,a ,subord9>y =m$ ( a bord] ( a ,%ield1 :i* is *>g$ ^u ano!r & a l>g] %ield1 z 9 ,no4 #acd4 ,9 ,orle4 ,arrang$ aft] ! mann] ( an ,orle1 =m+ a bord] to a ,%ield1 z 9 ,no4 #hf4 ,o/ri* fea!rs4 ,a ,royal ,badge3 also a ,device 9 a few in/ances *>g$ by ,royal & "s o!r p]sonages on an ,armorial ,%ield4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,ov] all1 or ,sur t\t4 ,to d5ote "s "o *>ge be+ plac$ ov] all o!rs4 ,ov]t4 ,) exp&$ w+s4 ,pale4 ,"o ( ! ,ord9>ies3 ,no4 #hg4 ,pale-wise1 or ,9 ,pale4 ,dispos$ aft] ! mann] ( a ,pale--t is1 set v]tically1 or arrang$ v]tically "o above ano!r1 z are ! ,lions ( ,engl& 9 ,no4 #ahg1 page #hg4 ,pall1 ,pallium4 ,a ve/m5t peculi> to ,ar*bi%ops ( ! ,roman ,*ur*3 9 ,h]aldry1 z a *>ge1 half only ( ! pall is %[n1 :5 x resembles ! lett] ,y2 x is borne 9 ! arms ( ! ,sees ( ,,cant]bury1 ,,armagh1 & ,,dubl94 ,pallet4 ,half a ,pale4 ,palm]'s ,/aff1 ,pilgrim's /aff1 or ,b\rdon4 ,no4 #bhb4 ,,john ,,b\rdon 7,h4 #c7 be>s--,arg41 ?ree palm]'s /aves gu4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bhb4--;,b\rdon4 ,paly4 ,divid$ p] pale into an ev5 numb] ( p>ts1 :i* all lie 9 ! same plane1 z 9 ,no4 #hh4 ,paly ,b5dy4 ,divid$ ev5ly pale-wise1 & also b5d-wise1 ,no4 #aah4 ,pana*e4 ,a plume ( fea!rs1 g5]ally ( ! o/ri*1 set upright & born z a cre/4 ,a pana*e sometimes consi/s ( a s+le r[ ( fea!rs2 b m g5]ally x has two or m r[s or heights ( fea!rs1 ris+ "o above ! o!r4 ,9 ! great] numb] ( examples ! tips ( ! fea!rs are erect2 9 o!rs !y wave1 or slightly b5d ov]4 ,a pana*e may be *>g$ ) "s device or figure1 = diff]5ce1 z by ! ,,tyndalls1 ) an erm9e circlet1 a m>tlet1 & a fleur de lys4 ,9 ,nos4 #bhc1 #bhe1 f ! seals ( ,,edw>d ,,c\rt5ay1 & ,,edmund ,,mortim] 7,a4,d4 #adjj & #acgb7 ! heights bo? exp& & rise 9 a curv$ pyramidal =m4 ,no4 #bhd1 f ! seal ( ,,william ,,le ,,latim] 7,a4,d4 #acgb71 %[s a rem>kable v>iety ( bo? pana*e & mantl+4 ,wav+ plumes =m$ ( di/9ct fea!rs fir/ appe> ne> ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & are preval5t dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,p>ty1 ,p>t$4 ,divid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bhc4--,,pana*e ,,cre/3 ,edw>d ,c\rt5ay4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bhd4--,,pana*e ,,cre/s3 ,william le ,latim]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bhe4--,,pana*e ,,cre/s3 ,edmund ,mortim]4 ,passant4 ,walk+ & look+ =w>d3 ,no4 #agc4 ,passant ,gu>dant4 ,walk+ & look+ out f ! %ield1 ,no4 #agd4 ,passant ,regu>dant4 ,walk+ & look+ back4 ,passant ,repassant1 or ,passant & ,c\nt] ,passant4 ,walk+ 9 opposite directions4 ,pa/oral ,/aff4 ,! (ficial /aff ( a bi%op or abbot1 hav+ a crook$ head1 & s di/+ui%$ f an ar*bi%op's crozi]4 ,pate1 or ,=me4 ,patonce4 ,v>ieties ( ! h]aldic ,cross1 ,nos4 ,patri>*al4 #ajf1 #ii1 & #ie4 ,pean4 ,! ,fur1 ,no4 #fj4 ,pe]4 ,t g5]al title1 express+ _! equality z memb]s ( a di/9ct ord] 9 ! realm1 :i* is appli$ to ,dukes1 ,m>quesses1 ,e>ls1 ,visc\nts1 & ,b>ons ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,great ,brita91 ,irel&1 & ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,pe]age4 ,! h]$itam5t ( a ,pe]3 also rank ( a ,pe]2 a li/ ( ! ,pe]s4 ,pegasus4 ,a horse ) w+s--a classic z well z an h]aldic imag9>y creature4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bhh4--;,a ,portcullis4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bhf4--;,a ,p5non4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bhg4--;,a ,pheon4 ,pelican4 ,blazon$ 9 h] piety1 :5 fe$+ h] "y ) h] own blood4 ,pellet4 ,a black r\ndle4 ,p5d5t4 ,hang+4 ,p5non4 ,an armorial lance flag1 po9t$ or swall[-tail$ at ! fly4 ,no4 #bhf is f ! ,brass to ,sir ,,john ,d',,aub]n\n1 ,a4,d4 #abgi2 ! arms are--,az41 a *evron or4 ,p]4 ,by means (1 or aft] ! mann] (4 ,pheon4 ,a po9t$ arr[-head1 borne ) ! po9t 9 base1 unless ! contr>y is specifi$1 ,no4 #bhg4 ,pho5ix4 ,a fabul\s eagle1 always repres5t$ z issuant f flames4 ,pile4 ,"o ( ! ,ord9>ies1 9 =m l a w$ge1 ,nos4 #abf1 #abg1 #abh4 ,9 ,pile4 ,arrang$ aft] ! =m ( a pile4 ,planta ,g5i/a4 ,! broom plant badge ( ! ,plantag5ets1 ,no4 #ba4 ,plate4 ,a silv] r\ndle4 ,pl5itude4 ,! moon :5 full4 ,see ,no4 #aff4 ,plume4 ,see ,pana*e4 ,po9ts ( ,%ield4 ,no4 #bg4 ,9 ,po9t is ! same z ,9 ,pile4 ,pomme4 ,a gre5 r\ndle4 ,pop9jay4 ,a p>rot 7,h4 #c74 ,port4 ,a gateway1 z ! entrance to a ca/le3 ,no4 #bbb4 ,portcullis4 ,a def5ce = a gateway1 ,no4 #bhh3 ! badge ( ! ,h\ses ( ,,beau=t & ,,tudor1 borne by ! =m] ) ! significant motto1 ,alt]a securitas 7additional security74 ,pot5t4 ,a v>iety ( ! h]aldic cross1 ,no4 #ajh2 also a ,fur1 ,no4 #fd4 ,p[d]$1 ,p\dre4 ,! same z ,seme4 ,prey+4 ,:5 an animal dev\rs its prey4 ,see ,truss+4 ,pr9ce1 ,pr9cess4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! rank & title ( ! memb]s ( ! ,royal ,family4 ,_! /yle is ,y\r ,royal ,highness4 ,! ,coronet ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales diff]s f ! cr[n ( ! ,k+1 only 9 hav+ a s+le ar* in/ead ( two int]sect+ ar*es3 ,no4 #bhi4 ,! coronets ( ! ,pr9ces & ,pr9cesses1 ! sons & daught]s ( ! ,k+1 are ! same z ! coronet ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 b )\t any ar*3 ,no4 #bij4 ,! coronets ( ! ,pr9ces & ,pr9cesses1 ! gr&*ildr5 ( ! ,sov]eign1 diff] 9 hav+ ! circlet height5$ ) two crosses pate1 z _m /rawb]ry leaves1 & f\r fleurs-de-lys1 ,no4 #bia4 ,o!r ,royal coronets h ! circlet height5$ ) f\r crosses pate1 & z _m /rawb]ry leaves4 ,no4 #bib4 ,= ! arms ( _! ,royal ,highnesses1 see ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,purfl$4 ,l9$ & bord]$ or g>ni%$4 ,purpure4 ,a col\r3 ,no4 #ef4 ,pursuivant4 ,a ,h]ald ( ! l[e/ rank4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ^! (fic]s 7 atta*$ to ! h\seholds ( p]sonages ( high rank1 & bore titles g5]ally tak5 f ! armorial insignia ( _! lords4 ,quadrate4 ,a =m ( cross3 ,no4 #id4 ,qu>t]4 ,! fir/ 7f ! dext] *ief7 ( ! divisions ( a %ield t is p>t$ p] cross1 z 9 ,no4 #cj2 also any o!r division ( a %ield1 to be specifi$ 9 blazon+4 ,see ,no4 #cf1 & ,canton4 ,qu>t]+4 ,m>%all+ two or m coats ( arms 9 ! diff]5t qu>t]s ( ! same %ield4 ,:5 two coats are ?us qu>t]$1 ! "o 9 ! fir/ qu>t] is repeat$ 9 ! f\r?1 & ! "o 9 ! second 9 ! ?ird2 :5 ?ree are qu>t]$1 ! fir/ qu>t]+ is repeat$ 9 ! f\r? qu>t]4 ,any requir$ numb] ( coats may be qu>t]$ on ! same pr9ciple4 ,?is same t]m is also appli$ to d5ote ! divid+ a %ield qu>t]ly1 z 9 ,no4 #cj1 or into m ?an f\r divisions1 z 9 ,no4 #cf4 ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #bhi-bib4--;,,circlets ,,( ,,royal ,,coronets ,no4 #bhi4 ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,no4 #bij4 ,k+'s ,daught]s & ,y\ng] ,sons4 ,no4 #bia4 ,k+'s ,gr&*ildr54 ,no4 #bib4 ,royal ,dukes4 ,qu>t]ly4 ,a %ield divid$ into f\r divisions1 z 9 ,no4 #cj3 ea* division to conta9 a complete coat ( arms1 or a di/9ct h]aldic device or composition4 ,%\ld ! %ield be divid$ into m ?an f\r sections1 ! numb] is to be specifi$3 ?us1 ,no4 #cf is qu>t]ly ( eight1 c4 ,see ,nos4 #beb1 #bec4 ,qu>t]ly ,qu>t]+ & ,qu>t]$4 ,! qu>t]+ ( a qu>t] ( a %ield t is divid$ qu>t]ly2 also di/+ui%$ z ,comp\nd ,qu>t]+4 ,see page #cd4 ,quatrefoil4 ,a fl[] or figure hav+ f\r foils or conjo9$ leaves1 ,no4 #bic4 ,9 mod]n cad5cy a ,d\ble ,quatrefoil is ! diff]5ce ( ! n9? son4 ,queue ,f\r*e4 ,hav+ a =k$ tail2 ,no4 #aha4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bic4--,quatrefoil4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bid4--,! ,ragg$ ,/aff ,badge4 ,quill$4 ,us$ to blazon ! quills ( fea!rs3 ?us1 a blue fea!r hav+ its quill gold5 is blazon$--,a fea!r az41 quill$ or4 ,radiant4 ,encircl$ ) rays4 ,rayone4 ,=m$ ( ,rays4 ,ragule1 ,raguly4 ,s]rat$1 z ,no4 #ch1 ,g4 ,a ragg$ /aff1 ,no4 #bid1 is a "p ( a /em f :i* ! bran*es h be5 cut (f r\ghly4 ,?is ragg$ /aff1 or /aff ragule1 is ! fam\s badge ( ! ,,beau*amps1 &1 d]iv$ f !m1 ( ! ,,nevilles4 ,no4 #bid is f ! monum5t ( ! great ,e>l1 ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,beau*amp1 ,k4,g41 :o di$ 9 #adci1 at ,w>wick4 ,rampant1 ,rampant ,gu>dant & ,regu>dant4 ,nos4 #aga1 #agb2 :5 regu>dant1 ! animal looks backw>d4 ,rebus4 ,an allusive *>ge or device4 ,a cask1 or tun1 to repres5t ! f9al syllable ton ( _m surnames1 is frequ5tly f\nd4 ,i give a few examples ( sev]al v>ieties ( ,rebus3--,,john ,,oxney1 ,cant]bury--,an eagle 7! emblem ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 to d5ote ,john7 /&+ on an ox1 *>g$ on its side ) ! lett]s ,n ,e4 ,,john ,,:ea?am/$e1 ,/4 ,albans--,an eagle & an ,agnus ,dei 7! emblems ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ & ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 to d5ote ,john71 & clu/]s ( e>s ( :eat4 ,,john ,,ramryge1 ,/4 ,albans--,a ram1 gorg$ ) a coll> inscrib$ ) ! lett]s ,r ,y ,g ,e4 ,,wood/ock--,! /ump or /ock ( a tree4 ,abbot ,,islip1 ,we/m9/]--,a man fall+ f a tree1 exclaim+1 ,i slip6 & a human eye1 & a slip 7small bran* ( a tree74 ,,walt] ,,lyh>t1 ,norwi*--,a h>t 7/ag7 ly+ d[n 9 wat]4 ,an owl1 ) ! lett]s ,d ,o ,m on a scroll 9 its beak1 = ,,bi%op ,,oldham1 at ,exet]4 ,a *ur* 7kirk7 on a tun1 ) a pa/oral /aff & ! initial ,r1 = ,abbot ,,rob]t ,,kirton1 ,no4 #bie2 & a bird on a tun1 & a tree gr[+ out ( a tun1 = ,,burton & ,,a%ton1 all at ,pet]bor\gh4 ,at ,wells1 ) an initial ,t1 a fire-beacon plant$ 9 a tun1 = ,bi%op ,,?omas ,,beckyngton1 ,no4 #bif2 & at ,lull9/one1 ,k5t1 9 /a9$ glass1 ! %ield ( ,sir ,,john ,,pe*1 ,a4,d4 #aebb--;,az41 a lion rampt4 queue f\r*e erm41 cr[n$ or--is encircl$ by pea*-bran*es fruct$ & 9 foliage1 ea* pea* be+ *>g$ ) ! lett] 1 ,no4 #big2 ! cre/-wrea? also is =m$ ( a simil> pea*-bran*4 ,rec]cele4 ,a v>iety ( ! h]aldic cross3 ,no4 #ih4 ,reflex$1 ,reflect$4 ,curv$ & c>ri$ backw>ds4 ,regu>dant4 ,look+ backw>ds3 see ,no4 #ahb4 ,re9-de]4 ,h]aldically drawn ) d\ble antl]s1 "o pair erect1 ! o!r droop+4 ,respect+4 ,face to face--appli$ to creatures n ( a fi]ce nature4 ,re/4 ,see ,cl>ion1 ,no4 #bbh4 ,ribbon1 ,rib&4 ,a dim9utive ( a ,b5d4 ,ris+1 ,r\ssant4 ,ab\t to fly4 ,rompu4 ,brok54 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bie4--,rebus ( ,abbot ,kirton4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bif4--,rebus ( ,bi%op ,beckyngton4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #big4--;,arms & ,rebus ( ,sir ,john ,pe*4 ,rose4 ,repres5t$ 9 blazon z 9 ,nos4 #bih1 #bii1 & )\t leaves4 ,! five small project+ leaves ( ! calyx1 t radiate ab\t ! fl[] itself1 are /yl$ b>bs1 & :5 !y are blazon$ prop] ^! b>bs are gre51 z ! se$s 9 ! c5tre ( ! fl[] are gold54 ,bo? ! r$ rose ( ,,lanca/] & ! :ite rose ( ,,york1 b m especially ! latt]1 are at times surr\nd$ ) rays1 & ea* is t]m$ a rose-en-soleil1 ,no4 #cjj4 ,! rose1 ! emblem ( ,,engl&1 is g5]ally drawn l ! natural fl[]2 or ) natural /em1 bran*es1 leaves1 & buds1 b ) h]aldic rose-fl[]s4 ,9 mod]n cad5cy ! h]aldic rose is ! diff]5ce ( ! sev5? son4 ,r\ndle4 ,see page #gb4 ,ru/re4 ,a mascle pi]c$ ) a circul> op5+3 ,no4 #add4 ,sable4 ,! col\r black3 ,no4 #ed4 ,sagitt>y4 ,! fabul\s c5taur1 half man & half horse4 ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #bih1 #bii4--;,h]aldic ,roses4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cjj4--,rose en ,soleil4 ,salam&]4 ,an imag9>y be+1 suppos$ to live 9 flames ( fire2 x is repres5t$ sometimes z a k9d ( liz>d1 & at o!r times 7z 9 ! cre/ ( ,e>l ,,d\glas1 ,a4,d4 #adhc7 z a quadrup$ some:at l a dog1 brea?+ flames4 ,sali5t4 ,leap+ or b\nd+4 ,saltire4 ,an ord9>y1 9 =m a diagonal cross3 ,nos4 #abj1 #aba1 #abb4 ,saltire-wise1 or 9 saltire4 ,arrang$ aft] ! =m ( a saltire4 ,sangli]4 ,a wild bo>4 ,sans4 ,)\t4 ,sans nombre1 )\t any numb] fix$ or specifi$4 ,savage-man1 or ,wood-man4 ,a wild man1 nak$ except l>ge wrea?s ( leaves ab\t 8 head & lo9s1 & c>ry+ a club4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cja4--;,cre/ ( ,hamilton4 ,saw1 or ,frame-saw4 ,borne z ! cre/ ( ,,hamilton1 ,duke ( ,,hamilton1 :i* is ?us blazon$--,out ( a ducal cre/-coronet or1 an oak-tree fruct$ & p5etrat$ transv]sely 9 ! ma9 /em by a frame-saw ppr41 ! frame gold2 above ! cre/ ! motto1 ,,?r\gh6 ,?is device is said to commemorate ! escape into ,scotl&1 9 #acbc1 ( ,sir ,,gilb]t ,,hamilton1 a reput$ ance/or ( ! pres5t ducal h\se4 ,at ! c\rt ( ,,edw>d ,,ii4 ,sir ,gilb]t _h unadvis$ly express$ admiration = ,,rob]t ,,bruce1 on :i* ,,john ,,le ,,desp5c] /ruck him4 ,desp5c] fell 9 s+le combat ! next day1 & ,hamilton fl$1 hotly pursu$1 nor?w>d4 ,ne> ! bord] ! fugitive & a fai?ful esquire jo9$ "s wood-cutt]s1 assum$ _! dress1 & comm5c$ work+ ) !m on an oak1 :5 ! pursu]s pass$ by4 ,hamilton1 saw 9 h&1 obs]v$ 8 esquire anxi\sly wat*+ _! enemies z !y pass$1 & at once recall$ 8 att5tion to 8 woodman's duties by ! ^w1 ,?r\gh6--?us1 at ! same "t1 appe>+ to consid] ! cutt+ d[n ! oak to be f> m important ?an ! pres5ce ( ! /rang]s4 ,s !y pass$ by1 & ,hamilton foll[$ 9 safety4 ,?is cre/ does n appe> 9 ! ,hamilton seals till long aft] ! days ( ,bruce & 8 admir]1 ,sir ,gilb]t3 ,no4 #cja4 ,sc>pe1 ,esc>pe4 ,a dim9utive ( a ,b5d s9i/]4 ,sc9tillant4 ,emitt+ sp>ks4 ,seax4 ,a ,saxon sword4 ,se$$4 ,hav+ se$s or se$-vessels1 z 9 ! c5tre ( an h]aldic rose4 ,see ,nos4 #bih-cjj4 ,segreant4 ,a t]m appli$ to a griff9 :5 rampant4 ,sejant4 ,sitt+4 ,seme4 ,s[n broadca/ or scatt]$1 )\t any fix$ numb]1 ov] ! field2 p>ts ( ! *>ge ?us seme appe>+ at ! bord]-l9es ( ! composition4 ,see ,nos4 #bdg1 #bej1 #beb4 ,%ake-=k4 ,resembles ! lett] ,y1 b does n ext5d to ! m>g9 ( ! %ield1 & is po9t$ at its extremities4 ,%amrock4 ,a trefoil plant or leaf1 ! badge ( ,,irel&4 ,%ield1 or ,escut*eon4 ,! ,%ield ( ,h]aldry is fully describ$ at page #cb4 ,see also ,nos4 #bg1 #ci-di4 ,%ip4 ,sometimes blazon$ z a mod]n vessel1 b sometimes also z an anci5t galley4 ,see ,lymphad4 ,%ovell]4 ,a species ( duck4 ,simple ,qu>t]+4 ,divid+ a %ield qu>t]ly1 ) ! qu>t]+ ( any ( ! qu>t]s4 ,see ,qu>t]+4 ,s9i/]4 ,! left side4 ,no4 #bg4 ,s9ople4 ,! col\r v]t 9 ,fr5* ,h]aldry4 ,sixfoil4 ,a fl[] ( six leaves3 ,no4 #cjb4 ,slipp$4 ,hav+ a /alk1 z a leaf or bran*3 ,no4 #cji4 ,spe>4 ,! spe> or lance is n ( common occurr5ce 9 blazon2 b x appe>s1 ) h]aldic propriety1 9 ! arms grant$ 9 #aeif to ! fa!r ( ! great poet1 :o bore--,or1 on a b5d sa4 a spe> gold1 ! head arg4--! arms ( ,,%akespe>e1 ,no4 #cjc4 7,9 ! woodcut ! b5d is accid5tally %ad$ = gules1 in/ead ( sable47 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cjc4--;,arms ( ,%akespe>e4 ,spur4 ,n common z an h]aldic *>ge4 ,be=e ab\t #acbj ! spur _h a s+le po9t1 & 0 kn[n z ! pryck-spur2 ab\t t "t appe>$ a r\elle-spur ( simple =m2 9 ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury spurs ( extravagant l5g? 7 introduc$4 ,,ss41 ,coll> (4 ,see ,coll>1 & ,no4 #bca4 ,/af=d-knot4 ,no4 #cjd4 ,/all-plate4 ,a plate be>+ ! arms ( a knight & plac$ 9 8 /all4 ,! /all-plates ( ! ,knights ( ! ,,g>t] & ! ,,ba? are sev]ally plac$ 9 ! ,*apels ( ,,/4 ,,george & ( ,,h5ry ,,vii41 at ,w9dsor & ,we/m9/]4 ,! e>lie/ plates n[ 9 exi/5ce at ,w9dsor1 ?\gh _m ( !m be> arms ( an e>li] date1 7 execut$ ab\t #adcj4 ,/&>d4 ,a long n>r[ flag1 introduc$ = ! purpose ( h]aldic display1 9 ! "t ( ,,edw>d ,,iii41 b n 9 g5]al use till a lat] p]iod4 ,/&>ds g5]ally _h ! ,cross ( ,,/4 ,,george next ! /aff1 to :i* succe$$ ! badge or badges & ! motto ( ! own]4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cjb4--,sixfoil4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cjd4--,/af=d ,knot4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cje4--,/apleton ,badge4 ,/aple4 ,borne by ,,/apleton3 ,no4 #cje repres5ts a badge =m$ ( two /aples4 ,/atant4 ,/&+4 ,/>4 ,see ,e/oile & ,mullet2 also a knightly decoration4 ,/irrup4 ,borne1 ) appropriate /raps & buckles1 by ,,scudamore1 ,,giff>d1 & a few o!rs4 ,/ock4 ,! /ump ( a tree4 ,/r+$4 ,z a h>p or a bugle-horn2 or1 susp5d$ by1 or fa/5$ )1 a /r+4 ,sun4 ,:5 repres5t$ %9+ & surr\nd$ ) rays1 he has a repres5tation ( a human face ^u 8 disc1 & is blazon$ ,9 spl5d\r4 ,sunbeams1 or ,rays1 are borne 9 blazon1 & =m an e>ly *>ge4 ,see ,coll>4 ,support]4 ,a figure ( :atsoev] k9d t /&s by a ,%ield ( arms1 z if support+ or gu>d+ x4 ,s+le ,support]s occasionally appe>1 b ! g5]al usage is to h a pair ( ,support]s--"o on ea* side ( ! support$ ,%ield4 ,!y came gradually into use 9 ! c\rse ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 b 7 n regul>ly e/abli%$ z accessories ( ,%ields till ab\t #adbe1 or r lat]4 ,at fir/ !y 7 g5]ally alike1 be+ !n duplicate repres5tations ( ! badge1 b subsequ5tly ! m preval5t cu/om 0 t ! two ,support]s %\ld diff]1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,royal ,support]s1 ! ,lion & ! ,unicorn1 fam\s 9 ,hi/ory z 9 ,h]aldry4 ,see ,be>]1 ,t5ant1 & also ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,surcoat4 ,any g>m5t worn ov] arm\r2 b especially ! long fl[+ g>m5t worn by knights ov] _! arm\r until ab\t #acbe1 :5 its =m 0 modifi$ by cutt+ x %ort 9 front1 & x 0 di/+ui%$ z a ,cyclas4 ,see ,jupon4 ,surm\nt$4 ,plac$ ov] ano!r4 ,swan4 ,:5 blazon$ prop]1 :ite ) black beak & r$ legs4 ,x is ! badge ( ! ,,bohuns1 & ( _! desc5dants ! ,,lanca/rian ,,plantag5ets1 ! ,,/af=ds1 & "s o!rs4 ,?is ,swan has 8 neck encircl$ ) a coronet1 f :i* a *a9 g5]ally passes ov] 8 back4 ,by ,,h5ry ,v41 ! ,swan badge ( 8 "m1 ,,m>y ,,de ,,bohun1 0 borne ) ! w+s exp&$4 ,sword4 ,:5 borne z a *>ge1 /raight 9 ! blade1 po9t$1 & ) a cross-gu>d4 ,all ! appo9tm5ts ( ! weapon are to be blazon$4 ,x appe>s1 z a spiritual emblem1 9 sev]al episcopal coats ( arms2 9 ! arms ( ! ,,city ,,( ,,london1 ,no4 #cjf1 ! fir/ qu>t] ( a ,%ield ( ,,/4 ,,george 7arg41 a cross gu47 is *>g$ ) a sword erect gules1 ! emblem ( ,,/4 ,,paul1 ! special patron ( ! ,engli% metropolitan city4 ,! sword is also borne 9 blazon 9 its milit>y capacity4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cjf4--;,arms ( ,city ( ,london4 ,tab>d4 ,a %ort g>m5t ) sleeves1 worn 9 ! ,tudor era4 ,x has ! arms blazon$ on ! sleeves z well z on ! front & back3 ,no4 #cjg1 ! ,tab>d ( ,,william ,,fynd]ne1 ,esquire1 f 8 brass1 ,a4,d4 #addd1 at ,*ildrey 9 ,b]k%ire3 ! arms are--,arg41 a *evron betwe5 ?ree crosses pate sable1 ! ord9>y be+ *>g$ ) an annulet ( ! field = ,diff]5ce4 ,a simil> g>m5t is ! (ficial habit ( h]alds4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cjg4--,tab>d2 ,a4,d4 #addd4 ,tau1 ,tau-,cross4 ,a cross =m$ l ! lett] ,t1 s call$ 9 ,greek1 ,no4 #ic2 borne z a *>ge 9 ! arms ( ,,drury1 ,,tawke1 & "s o!rs3 ?is *>ge is also call$ ! ,cross ( ,,/4 ,,an?ony3 x is sometimes borne on a badge1 z 9 ! ,bi%op's ,palace at ,exet]4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,templ>s1 ,knights4 ,see ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,t55t1 ,t5ant4 ,us$ by ,fr5* ,h]alds to di/+ui% human figures f animals1 z support]s4 ,t5ne1 or ,tawney4 ,a deep orange-col\r2 9 use 9 ! ,middle ,ages z a liv]y-col\r4 ,?i/le4 ,! national ,badge ( ,,scotl&1 repres5t$ aft] its national aspect1 & t9ctur$ prop]4 ,,james ,i4 ( ,great ,brita91 to symbolise ! union ( ! two realms ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 comp\nd$ a ,badge f ! ,rose ( "o realm1 & ! ,?i/le ( ! o!r1 unit$ by impalem5t "u a s+le cr[n3 ,no4 #cjh4 ,! impal$ rose & ?i/le is borne by ! ,e>l ( ,,k9n\ll1 repeat$ eight times ^u a bordure4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cjh4--;,badge ( ,james ,i4 ,timbre4 ,9 ! e>ly ,h]aldry ( ,engl&1 ?is t]m d5otes ! true h]aldic cre/3 b1 9 ! mod]n ,h]aldry ( ,france1 ! timbre is ! ,helm 9 an armorial a*ievem5t4 ,timbr$4 ,ensign$ ) a ,helm2 or1 if ref]r+ to an e>ly ,engli% a*ievem5t1 ) a ,cre/4 ,x is a t]m v seldom met ) 9 use4 ,ti]ce4 ,9 ti]ce1 ,p] ti]ce4 ,divid$ into ?ree equal p>ts4 ,t9ctures4 ,! two metals & ! five col\rs ( ,h]aldry3 ,nos4 #ej-ef4 ,see page #dj4 ,x 0 "o ( ! pu]ile extravagancies ( ! ,h]alds ( deg5]ate days to di/+ui% ! ,t9ctures by ! names ( ! ,planets 9 blazon+ ! arms ( ,sov]eign ,pr9ces1 & by ! names ( ,gems 9 blazon+ ! arms ( ,nobles4 ,torse4 ,a cre/-wrea?4 ,torteau1 plural torteaux4 ,a r$ sph]ical ,r\ndle3 ,no4 #aeb4 ,t[]1 ,turret4 ,a small ca/le4 ,t[]$4 ,surm\nt$ by t[]s1 z ,no4 #bbb1 :i* is a ,ca/le triple t[]$4 ,transpos$4 ,rev]s$4 ,trefoil4 ,a leaf ( ?ree conjo9$ foils1 g5]ally borne slipp$1 z 9 ,no4 #cji4 ,trefle1 or ,botone4 ,a v>iety ( ! cross3 ,no4 #ajc4 ,trefle also implies seme ( trefoils4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cji4--,trefoil ,slipp$4 ,treille1 ,trellis4 ,see page #ga1 & ,no4 #aej4 ,tressure4 ,a subord9>y4 ,see pages #ff1 #fg2 & ,nos4 #ace-h4 ,trick$4 ,sket*$ 9 outl9e4 ,trippant1 or ,tripp+4 ,9 easy motion1 z a /ag4 ,see page #ha2 & ,no4 #afh4 ,triton4 ,see ,m]maid4 ,trivet4 ,a circul> or triangul> iron frame1 ) ?ree feet1 borne by ! family ( ,,tryvett4 ,trogodice4 ,an animal l a re9de]4 ,trumpet4 ,9 blazon usually a long /raight tube1 exp&+ at its extremity3 ,no4 #caj1 f ! brass to ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,trump+ton1 at ,trump+don1 ne> ,cambridge2 ,a4,d4 #abgb4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #caj4--,trumpet4 ,truss$4 ,) clos$ w+s4 ,truss+4 ,dev\r+--appli$ to birds ( prey4 ,tudor ,rose4 ,an h]aldic rose1 qu>t]ly gu4 & arg42 or a :ite h]aldic rose1 *>g$ ^u a r$ "o4 ,tun4 ,a cask2 ! rebus ( ! f9al syllable ,,ton 9 _m surnames4 ,see ,rebus4 ,tynes4 ,bran*es ( a /ag's antl]s4 ,see ,attires4 ,ul/]4 ,see ,b>onet & ,h]ald4 ,undy1 ,unde4 ,wavy3 ,no4 #ch1 ,c4 ,ungul$4 ,ho($4 ,unicorn4 ,a well-kn[n fabul\s animal1 fam\s z ! s9i/] support] ( ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,engl&4 ,union ,jack4 ,! ,national ,ensign ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 fully describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,x is borne on an inescut*eon ^u ! arms ( ! ,duke ( ,,well+ton z an augm5tation4 ,uriant4 ,a t]m said to be appli$ to a fi% :5 x swims 9 a v]tical position1 head d[nw>ds4 ,! rev]se ( ,hauriant1 q4v4 ,vair4 ,a ,fur3 ,nos4 #fa1 #fb1 #fc4 ,vane4 ,see ,fan4 ,v]t4 ,9 ,fr5* ,h]aldry1 ,s9ople4 ,! col\r gre53 ,no4 #ee4 ,v]vels1 ,v>vals4 ,small r+s4 ,ve/$4 ,clo!d4 ,visc\nt4 ,! f\r? degree ( rank & dignity 9 ! ,briti% ,pe]age1 9 ,lat9 ,vice-,comes1 introduc$ by ,,h5ry ,,vi41 ,a4,d4 #addj4 ,vice-comes is also ! ,lat9 ^w = ! (fice ( ,%]iff4 ,a ,visc\nt is ,"r ,hon\rable1 & is /yl$ ,my ,"l4 ,all 8 sons & daught]s are ,hon\rable4 ,8 ,coronet1 grant$ by ,,james ,i41 has a r[ ( sixte5 pe>ls1 ( comp>atively small size set on ! circlet2 9 repres5tations n9e are %[n3 ,no4 #caa4 ,! wife ( a ,visc\nt is a ,visc\ntess1 :o has ! same rank1 /yle1 & coronet z h] husb&4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #caa4--;,circlet ( a ,visc\nt's ,coronet4 ,vivre4 ,an e>ly t]m1 fall5 into g5]al disuse2 b app>5tly d5ot+ a ,b>rulet or ,cotise ,dancette2 z 9 ,no4 #cab1 at ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,albans4 ,void$4 ,hav+ ! c5tral area remov$4 ,void]s4 ,dim9utives ( ,flan*es4 ,volant4 ,fly+4 ,vorant4 ,dev\r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cab4--,%ield at ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,alban's4 ,vol4 ,two bird's w+s conjo9$1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( an eagle display$ )\t its body3 ,no4 #bjg4 ,vuln$4 ,w\nd$4 ,wake ,knot4 ,no4 #cac4 ,wall$4 ,made to repres5t brick or /one-"w4 ,! t]m mason$ is1 h[ev]1 usually employ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cac4--,wake ,knot4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cae4--,wyv]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cad4--;,ca!r9e ,:eel4 ,wat] ,b\get4 ,no4 #bah4 ,wattl$4 ,hav+ a comb & gills1 z a cock4 ,wavy1 ,unde4 ,no4 #ch1 ,c4 ,:eat-%eaf4 ,see ,g>b4 ,:eel1 ,ca!r9e ,:eel4 ,has curv$ spikes project+ f its rim3 ,no4 #cad3 f a %ield ^u a boss1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #adjj1 9 ! s\? *oir-aisle ( ! *ur* ( ,great ,y>m\?4 ,wrea?1 ,cre/-,wrea?4 ,see ,cre/-,wrea?1 & ,no4 #bcc2 also ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,wrea!d4 ,adorn$ ) a wrea?1 *aplet1 or g>l&2 or twi/$ into ! =m ( a wrea?1 c4 ,wyv]n1 ,wiv]n4 ,a fabul\s creature1 be+ a species ( dragon ) two legs3 ,no4 #cae4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,m>%all+ ,aggr\pm5t-- ,comb9ation-- ,qu>t]+-- ,dimidiation-- ,impalem5t-- ,escut*eon ( ,pret5ce-- ,m>%all+ ! ,arms ( ,wid[]s1 ,wid[s1 & o!rs2 ,(ficial ,arms2 &1 ! ,accessories ( ,%ields4 ,m>%all+ is a conjo9+ ( div]se ,coats 9 "o ,%ield4 --,,guillim4 ,^u ?is concise def9ition1 ,guillim1 9 ano!r "p ( 8 "w1 adds ! foll[+ comm5t3--,m>%all+ is an ord]ly dispos+ ( sundry ,coat ,arm\rs p]ta9+ to di/9ct ,families1 & _! cont+5t ornam5ts1 ) _! p>ts & appurt5ances1 9 _! prop] places4 ,h5ce x is app>5t t ?is t]m1 ,m>%all+1 implies-- #a4 ,fir/1 ! br++ toge!r & ! disposition ( two or m di/9ct ,coats 9 "o ,%ield3 #b4 ,secondly1 ! aggr\pm5t ( two or m di/9ct ,coats to =m a s+le h]aldic composition1 ! ,%ields be+ /ill kept di/9ct f "o ano!r3 &1 #c4 ,?irdly1 ! association ( c]ta9 insignia ) a ,%ield ( arms1 s z to produce a complete h]aldic a*ievem5t4 ,! association ( ,arms ) ,names1 ,dignities1 & ,e/ates w\ld necess>ily require1 at an e>ly p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ,h]aldry1 ! e/abli%m5t ( "s regul> & recognis$ sy/em = ! comb9ation & aggr\pm5t ( v>i\s di/9ct coats & insignia1 :5ev] a s+le individual became ! repres5tative ( m ?an "o family1 or 0 ! h]$it>y possessor ( sev]al dignities & prop]ties4 ,aga93 x w\ld be equally necess>y t ?is sy/em %\ld ext5d to ! becom+ h]aldic decl>ation & record ( ,alliances ( e k9d1 includ+ 7a matt] ( no little importance 9 ! ,middle ,ages7 feudal dep5d5ce4 ,9 ano!r1 & a second>y s5se1 ?is same t]m1 ,m>%all+1 is us$ by ,h]alds to d5ote ! g5]al arrangem5t & disposition ( h]aldic *>ges & insignia 9 blazon ^u ! field ( a ,%ield4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #caf4--,seal ( ,m>g>et1 ,que5 ( ,edw>d ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cag4--,seal ( ,m>g>et1 ,lady de ,ros4 7,la+47 ,9 its simple/ =m1 ,,m>%all+ is effect$ by ,aggr\pm5t )\t ,comb9ation--by plac+ two or m ,%ields ( arms1 t is1 9 su* positions z to =m a connect$ gr\p ( di/9ct ,%ields1 ei!r ) or )\t v>i\s accessories4 ,seals af=d excell5t examples ( ,m>%all+ ( ?is ord]4 ,^! ,seals may be classifi$ 9 two gr\ps1--"o1 9 :i* an effigy appe>s2 & a second1 9 :i* ! composition does n include any effigy4 ,"h ,i may obs]ve t ! same armorial blazonry t 0 display$ ^u _! milit>y surcoats by ,pr9ces1 ,nobles1 & ,knights1 0 adopt$ by ,ecclesia/ics = ! decoration ( _! (ficial ve/m5ts1 & also 7t[>ds ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury7 by ,ladies ( rank1 z an appropriate /yle ( ornam5tation = _! own co/ume3 & _m examples ( ! effigies ( ,ladies1 ) a few ( ,ecclesiatics1 adorn$ 9 ?is mann] ) h]aldic insignia1 exi/ 9 ,seals & 9 ,monum5tal ,memorials4 ,9 ,bev]ley ,m9/] !re is a noble effigy ( a prie/1 a memb] ( ! great family ( ,,p]cy 7ab\t ,a4,d4 #accj71 ! embroid]ies ( ^: ve/m5ts are elaborately enri*$ ) num]\s alli$ %ields ( arms4 ,^u 8 episcopal seal1 ,,lewis ,,beaumont1 ,bi%op ( ,durham f #acag to #accc1 has 8 effigy /&+ betwe5 two ,%ields ( ,arms 7to ! dext]1 ,engl&2 to ! s9i/]1 a cross pot5t betwe5 f\r gr\ps ( small crosses pates1 ?ree crosses 9 ea* gr\p71 :ile 8 *asuble is seme de lys & also *>g$ ) a lion rampant--! arms ( ! h\se ( ,beaumont4 ,! obv]se ( ! ,seal ( ,,m>g>et1 daught] ( ,,philip ! ,h>dy1 ,k+ ( ,france1 ! second ,que5 ( our ,,edw>d ,i41 illu/rates ?is usage 9 ! in/ance ( ladies3 ,no4 #caf4 ,^u h] tunic ! ,que5 has emblazon$ ! ?ree lions ( h] royal husb&2 on h] "r side is a %ield ( ,france1 ! arms ( h] royal fa!r2 & on ! left side a correspond+ %ield is *>g$ ) a lion rampant4 ,i h already %[n ! rev]se ( ?is f9e ,seal 7,no4 #bea71 :i* 9 ! orig9al is "o in* m 9 dep? ?an x appe>s 9 ^! woodcuts4#e ,o!r *>act]i/ic examples are ! ,seals ( ,,agnes ,,de ,,p]cy1 ^: effigy1 hav+ ! arms ( ,l\va9e ^u ! tunic1 holds two armorial %ields1 "o 9 ea* h&3 & ( ,,m>g>et1 ,c\ntess ( ,,l9coln & ,,pembroke 7ab\t #abda71 :o blazons ! old arms ( ,,de ,,laci--qu>t]ly or & gu41 a b5d sa41 ov] all a label v]t--^u ! tunic ( h] effigy1 & has ! same arms on a ,%ield to ! dext]1 :ile ano!r ,%ield to ! s9i/] is *>g$ ) ! lion rampant1 borne by ! ,,de ,,lacies z ,e>ls ( ,,l9coln4 ,! effigies ( illu/ri\s ,ladies1 :i* appe> on ,seals ) alli$ ,%ields ( arms1 are n always repres5t$ 9 h]aldic co/ume3 good examples are ! ,seals ( ,,isabelle ,,( ,,france1 ,que5 ( ,,edw>d ,,ii41 & ( ,,elizabe?1 daught] ( ,,edw>d ,i41 :o 0 ,c\ntess1 fir/ ( ,,holl&1 & aft]w>ds ( ,,h]e=d3 bo? are engrav$ 9 ,s&=d's ,g5ealogical ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 page #aba4 ,! ,seal ( ,,m>g>et ,,bruce1 ( ,skelton1 ,lady ,,de ,,ros1 atta*$ to a de$1 dat$ #ahbj1 has ! effigy ( ! noble lady1 we>+ h] erm9e mantle1 & support+ two ,%ields ( arms--! ,%ield ( ,,de ,,ros1 gu41 ?ree wat]-b\gets arg41 to ! dext]1 & a ,%ield ( ,,bruce1 a lion rampant3 ,no4 #cag4 ,i am indebt$1 = ! use ( ! excell5t woodcut ( ?is v int]e/+ seal1 to ,mr4 ,la+ ( ,ed9burgh1 ! tal5t$ au?or ( ! two noble volumes on ! ,e>ly ,seals ( ,scotl&1 :i* occupy a =emo/ position among/ ! mo/ valuable z well z ! mo/ beautiful h]aldic works t h ev] be5 publi%$ 9 ,great ,brita94 7,see page #aa47 ,9 ! ,monum5tal ,brasses & also 9 ! ,sculptur$ ,monum5tal ,effigies ( ,ladies ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 h]aldic co/ume is frequ5tly repres5t$1 & ! figures are con/antly associat$ ) gr\ps ( ,%ields ( arms4 ,z mo/ *>act]i/ic examples ,i may specify ! effigy ( a ,lady1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #acbe1 at ,selby 9 ,york%ire2 & ! ,brass 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ,a4,d4 #acii1 to ,,alianore ,,de ,,bohun1 ,du*ess ( ,,gl\ce/]4 ,footnote #e3 ,9 ,no4 #bea ! initial ,a ( ! ^w ,,aqvitannie has be5 omitt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cah4--,seal ( ,joan1 ,c\ntess ( ,surrey4 ,! aggr\pm5t ( v>i\s armorial ensigns ^u a ,seal1 )\t ! pres5ce ( any effigy1 is exemplifi$ 9 ! *>act]i/ic ,seal ( ,,joan1 daught] ( ,,h5ry ,c\nt ,,de ,,b>re1 & ( ,,alianore1 daught] ( ,,edw>d ,i41 ! wid[ ( ,,john ,,de ,,w>r5ne1 ,e>l ( ,,surrey1 ,a4,d4 #acdg4 ,9 ?is rem>kable composition1 ,no4 #cah1 ! arms1 blazon$ on loz5ges1 are1 9 ! c5tre1 ,w>r5ne2 9 *ief & base1 ,engl&2 & to ! dext] & s9i/]1 ,de ,b>re 7,no4 #afb73 also1 at ! f\r angles ( ! gr\p1 ! lion & ca/le ( ,leon & ,ca/ile1 9 direct allusion to ! desc5t ( ! ,c\ntess f ,,alianore1 fir/ ,que5 ( ,,edw>d ,i4 ,9 ! orig9al1 ?is elaborate composition is only "o & a half in*es 9 diamet]4 ,/ill small]1 measur+ no m ?an "o & a qu>t] in*es 9 diamet]1 & yet no less ri* 9 ei!r its ,h]aldry or its ,go?ic trac]ies1 is ! beautiful little ,c\nt]-seal ( ,,m>y ,,de ,,sa9t ,,paul1 wife ( ,,aym] ,,de ,,val5ce1 ,e>l ( ,,pembroke1 :i* is fai?fully %[n on an enl>g$ scale1 9 ord] to r5d] ! details m effectively1 9 ,no4 #cai4 ,?is illu/ri\s lady1 :o f\nd$ ,pembroke ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,a4,d4 #acgc1 0 ! daught] ( ,,guy ,,de ,,*a/illon1 ,c\nt ( ,,/4 ,,paul1 by 8 wife ,,m>y1 daught] ( ,,john ,,de ,,dreux1 ,duke ( ,,brittany1 & ( ,,beatrice1 si/] ( ,,edw>d ,i4 ,on h] ,seal1 accord+ly1 ! ,c\ntess ( ,brittany m>%als1 9 ! c5tre1 ! arms ( h] husb& 7,de ,val5ce3 ,no4 #hf71 & ^? ( h] fa!r 7,de ,*a/illon--gu41 ?ree pallets vair1 on a *ief or a label ( ?ree po9ts az471 unit$ ^u a s+le %ield by ,dimidiation--a process pres5tly to be describ$3 to ! dext]1 ! arms ( h] ,royal relatives ( ,engl& are blazon$ 9 a circul> comp>tm5t3 to ! s9i/]1 9 a simil> comp>tm5t1 are ! fleurs de lys ( ,france ,anci5t1 ,no4 #bdg1 at t "t s closely alli$ ) ! ,engli% lions3 &1 f9ally1 9 a ?ird r\ndle1 9 ! base ( ! composition1 are ! arms ( ,de ,dreux 7*eque or & az41 )9 a bordure gu42#f ov] all a canton ( ,brittany1 ,no4 #ae1 borne by ! mat]nal gr&fa!r ( ! ,c\ntess3 ! leg5d is1 ,s 4 ,,m>ie 4 ,,de 4 ,,seyn 4 ,,povl 4 ,,comitisse 4 ,,pempro*ie4 ,! orig9al impression ( ?is ,seal1 f :i* ! woodcut1 ,no4 #cai1 0 drawn1 is app5d$ to a *>t]1 dat$ #acdg1 :i* is pres]v$ among/ ! munim5ts ( ,pembroke ,college4 ,a v good example ( ! aggr\pm5t ( ,%ields ^u a ,seal1 "u conditions diff]+ f ^? t n[ h be5 illu/rat$1 ,i h already giv5 9 ,no4 #bjd4 ,ano!r beautiful & mo/ int]e/+ example1 n[ un=tunately p>tially mutilat$1 is ! ,seal ( ,,matilda ( ,,lanca/]1 ! wife1 fir/1 ( ,,william ,,de ,,burgh1 ,e>l ( ,,ul/] 7& by him "m ( ,,elizabe?1 ! wife ( ,pr9ce ,,lionel ,,( ,,cl>5ce71 &1 secondly1 ( ,sir ,,ralph ,,de ,,uf=d4 ,?is seal1 ( circul> =m1 ,no4 #cbj1 displays to ! dext] a %ield ( ,de ,burgh--or1 a cross gu42 to ! s9i/]1 a %ield ( ,uf=d--or1 a cross engrail$ sa41 9 ! fir/ qu>t] a fleur de lys1 = diff]5ce3 9 base !re is a loz5ge ( ,de ,*awor? 7! "m ( ! ,c\ntess 0 ,,matilda ,,de ,,*awor?7--b>rule arg4 & gu41 an orle ( m>tlets sa42 & 9 *ief !re rema9s "p ( ano!r loz5ge ( ,lanca/]1 to complete ?is rem>kable h]aldic gr\p4 ,( ! leg5d !re rema9s only 4 4 ,,illv ,,matild' 4 4 4 4 ,,se 4 4 4 ,! introduction ( ,badges1 ) a ,%ield or ,%ields ( arms1 9 ! composition ( a ,seal1 is ano!r v>iety ( ?is same sy/em ( ,m>%all+4 ,no4 #cba1 ! ,seal ( ,,oliv] ,,de ,,bohun1 exemplifies ?is usage1 hav+ ! :ite swan ,badge ( ! noble h\se ( ,,bohun ?rice repeat$ ab\t ! ,%ield4 ,see ,no4 #aad4 ,also see1 9 ! frontispiece1 ! ,seal ( ,e>l ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,beau*amp1 ,no4 #ddi1 :i* is describ$ 9 ,section ,,ii4 ( ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,footnote #f3 ,9 ,no4 #cai ! bordure ( ,de ,dreux 9 ! r\ndle 9 base is *>g$ ) ,lions ( ,engl&1 z borne by ,,john ,,de ,,dreux2 b ! pres5ce ( ^! 9 ! ,seal ( ! ,c\ntess is unc]ta94 ,see ,no4 #cbb4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cai4--,seal ( ,m>y1 ,c\ntess ( ,pembroke4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cbj4--,seal ( ,matilda ( ,lanca/]4 ,m>%all+ by ,aggr\pm5t 0 practis$ "u ano!r =m by plac+ ,%ields ( arms 9 ! diff]5t panels ( ! same ar*itectural monum5t4 ,,m>%all+ by ,comb9ation is effect$ by actually =m+1 = ! blazonry ( a s+le ,%ield1 a composition :i* includes ! pr9cipal *>ges ( two or m alli$ ,%ields4 ,! composition ( ! ,%ield borne by ! h\se ( ,,de ,,dreux1 to :i* ,i h j ref]r$ 9 describ+ ! ,seal ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,pembroke1 ,no4 #cai1 is a mo/ /rik+ example ( ?is v>iety ( ,m>%all+3 & ?is ,%ield 0 borne by ,,john ,,de ,,dreux1 creat$ ,e>l ( ,,ri*mond by 8 uncle ,k+ ,,edw>d ,i41 :o liv$ & di$ 9 ,engl&1 z x is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #cbb--! field1 *eque or & azure1 be+ = ,de ,dreux2 ! canton erm9e = ,brittany2 & ! bordure1 gules *>g$ ) gold5 lions ( ,engl&1 repres5t+ ! royal ,%ield ( ,engl&1 & %[+ ! close connection exi/+ betwe5 ! ,e>l ( ,ri*mond & 8 ,sov]eign4 ,! %ield ( ,pr9ce ,,john ( ,,el?am 7,no4 #bd71 ,engl& )9 a bordure ( ,france1 is ano!r *>act]i/ic example ( ?is ,m>%all+ by ,comb9ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cba4--,seal ( ,oliv] de ,bohun4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cbb4--,%ield ( ,e>l ,john de ,dreux4 ,= _m reasons1 except 9 p>ticul> in/ances1 ^! me?ods ( ,m>%all+ 7 n consid]$ to be altoge!r satisfactory4 ,accord+ly1 a fre% arrangem5t 0 devis$ :i* w\ld pres]ve intact ! orig9al integrity ( ea* coat ( arms1 w\ld imply a def9ite sy/ematic me?od ( arrangem5t1 & w\ld admit into a s+le composition any requir$ numb] ( di/9ct coats4 ,?is ,,m>%all+ by ,qu>t]+1 naturally sugge/$ by su* simple be>+s z ,nos4 #af & #ag1 consi/s 9 divid+ ! ,%ield1 z 9 ,no4 #cj1 into f\r p>ts1 & plac+ 9 ea* ( ^! divisions or qu>t]s "o ( ! coats to be m>%all$ on a s+le ,%ield4 ,if two coats only are ?us to be qu>t]$1 ! mo/ important ( ! two occupies ! fir/ qu>t]1 & is repeat$ 9 ! f\r?2 &1 ! o!r coat is plac$ 9 ! second qu>t]1 & repeat$ 9 ! ?ird4 ,! e>lie/ example kn[n 9 ,engl& is ! qu>t]$ ,%ield ( ,ca/ile & ,leon--qu>t]ly3 fir/ & f\r?1 gules1 a ca/le triple-t[]$ or2 second & ?ird1 arg5t1 a lion rampant gu41 ,no4 #cbc4 ,?is %ield is sculptur$ ^u ! monum5t 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey to ,,alianore1 daught] ( ,,f]d9& ,,iii41 ,k+ ( ,,ca/ile & ,,leon1 & ,que5 ( ,,edw>d ,i43 ! date is #abij4 ,?is =m ( ,m>%all+ began gradually to be adopt$ dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & 9 ! second half ( t c5tury x became g5]ally adopt$4 ,o!r examples ( qu>t]$ %ields ,i h already giv5 9 ,nos4 #beb & #bec4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cbc4--,%ield ( ,ca/ile & ,leon4 ,%\ld !re be ?ree ,coats to be qu>t]$1 !y w\ld sev]ally occupy ! fir/1 second1 & ?ird qu>t]s ( ! ,%ield1 9 due ord]1 & ! fir/ qu>t] w\ld be repeat$ 9 ! f\r?4 ,9 qu>t]+ f\r coats1 no repetition w\ld be necess>y4 ,if m ?an f\r coats w\ld require to be qu>t]$1 ! ,%ield w\ld be divid$ into :atev] numb] ( sections might be necess>y1 z 9 ,no4 #cf1 & ! requir$ arrangem5t w\ld be made2 %\ld any repetition be necess>y1 ! fir/ qu>t] is to be repeat$ 9 ! f\r?4 ,?is process1 :atev] ! numb] ( ! coats ?us m>%all$ 7& _! numb] sometimes is v great71 is always entitl$ qu>t]+2 & ea* ( ^! divisions ( a ,%ield1 = ! purpose ( ,m>%all+1 is di/+ui%$ z a ,qu>t]4 ,occasionally a qu>t]$ coat w\ld h to be m>%all$ ) o!rs4 ,9 ! gr& qu>t]+ :i* !n takes place1 ! qu>t]$ coat is treat$ precisely z any o!r memb] ( ! gr\p4 ,see ,no4 #cg4 ,= example1 ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #cbd 7,r4 #b71 ( ,,h5ry1 fir/ ,e>l ( ,,nor?umb]l&1 is--,i4 & ,,iv4 ,gr& ,qu>t]s1--fir/ & f\r?1 or1 a lion rampt4 az41 = ,l\va9e1 or ,p]cy mod]n3 second & ?ird1 gu41 ?ree lucies hauri5t arg4 7,no4 #afd7 = ,lucy3 ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 ,gr& ,qu>t]s1--az41 five fusils conjo9$ 9 fesse or1 = ,p]cy anci5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cbd4--,%ield ( ,h5ry1 ,e>l ( ,nor?umb]l&4 ,:5 a ,%ield to be qu>t]$ has a v num]\s array ( ,qu>t]+s1 ,gr& ,qu>t]+ is seldom adopt$2 b1 9 its /ead1 ! new qu>t]+s are m>%all$ 9 _! prop] succession1 ) ! orig9al qu>t]+s ( ! ,%ield4 ,9 ?is ,m>%all+ ! fir/ qu>t] is occupi$ by ! mo/ important qu>t]+1 :i* is det]m9$ 7)\t any fix$ rule7 by ! orig9al grant or lic5ce3 ! o!r qu>t]+s foll[1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y may h be5 br\ght 9 to ! composition4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cbe4--,%ield ( ,mayor ( ,w9*elsea4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cbf4--;,de ,val5ce1 dimidiat+ ,cl>emont ,nesle4 ,to d5ote & record ,,alliance ,,by ,,m>riage1 two di/9ct ,coats 7 fir/ m>%all$ ^u a s+le ,%ield by ,dimidiation4 ,?is process is accompli%$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! ,%ield to be *>g$ ) ! two ,coats 9 union is divid$ p] pale1 z 9 ,no4 #bh3 on ! dext] half ! correspond+ half1 or g5]ally some:at m ?an t half1 ( ! arms ( ! husb& is m>%all$3 !n1 9 l mann]1 ! s9i/] half is *>g$ ) ! correspond+ portion ( ! arms ( ! wife4 ,9 ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #bej1 f ano!r ,seal ( ,que5 ,,m>g>et1 ,engl& dimidiates ,france anci5t1 ,nos4 #ahg & #bdg4 ,?is ,dimidiation 9 mo/ cases produces a s+ul> effect2 z 9 ,no4 #cbe1 a ,%ield f ! ,seal ( ! ,mayor ( ,w9*elsea1 "o ( ! fam\s ,sussex ,c9que ,ports1 :i* be>s ,engl& dimidiat+ azure1 ?ree hulls ( %ips1 9 pale1 or3 "h ! dimidiat$ lions & %ips appe> to unite = ! purpose ( =m+ ! mo/ extravagant ( comp\nd mon/]s4 ,! ,seal ( ! ,bor\gh ( ,great ,y>m\? sub/itutes ?ree h]r+s1 9 allusion to ! /aple fi%]y ( ! port1 = ! %ips1 & dimidiates !m ) ! national lions4 ,9 ! c5tral ,%ield ( ! ,seal1 ,no4 #cai1 ,i h %[n ,de ,val5ce dimidiat+ ,de ,*a/illon4 ,9 ,no4 #cbf1 f ! monum5t ( ,,william ,,de ,,val5ce1 ,de ,val5ce appe>s dimidiat+ ! ,fr5* ,coat ( ,cl>emont ,nesle--gu41 seme ( trefoils1 two b>bels hauri5t addors$ or3 ! ,dimidiation "h cuts (f & removes "o-half ( ! ,de ,val5ce m>tlets & also "o ( ! two b>bels ( ,cl>emont4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cbg4--;,camoys1 impal+ ,mortim]4 ,! *>act]i/ic features ( "o or ( bo? ( ! unit$ ,coats1 z ,i h j %[n1 be+ commonly r5d]$ indi/9ct & unc]ta9 by ,dimidiation1 t =m ( m>%all+ 0 g5]ally sup]s$$ by ,,impalem5t 9 ! c\rse ( ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,?is process1 at once simple & effectual1 m>%als ! :ole ( ! husb&'s arms on ! dext] half ( a ,%ield divid$ p] pale1 z ,no4 #bh2 & ! :ole ( ! arms ( ! wife on ! s9i/] half ( x4 ,su* an impal$ ,%ield is borne by a husb& & wife dur+ _! conjo9t lives2 & %\ld ! wife become a wid[1 by h] ! impal$ arms are borne dur+ h] wid[hood *>g$ ^u a loz5ge4 ,! dext] half only--! husb&'s arms--( an impal$ ,%ield is h]$it>y4 ,f9e examples ( ,%ields t are bo? impal$ & qu>t]$1 are pres]v$ 9 ! monum5ts ( ,,edw>d ,,iii4 & 8 ,que5 ,,philippa1 9 ! ,brass to ,,alianore ,,de ,,bohun1 & 9 ! monum5t to ,,m>g>et ,,beau=t1 all 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,o!r f9e examples occur on ! monum5t ( ,e>l ,,ri*>d ,,beau*amp1 at ,w>wick4 ,no4 #cbg1 f ! ,brass to ,,?omas1 ,,"l ,,camoys1 ,k4,g41 & 8 wife1 ,,elizabe? ,,mortim] 7! wid[ ( ,,h5ry ,,hotspur71 at ,trotton1 9 ,sussex1 ,a4,d4 #adaj1 m>%als ,camoys--arg41 on a *ief gu4 ?ree plates1 impal+ ,mortim]1 ,no4 #aca4 ,aga91 at ,w>wick1 ! ,brass to ,e>l ,,?omas ,,de ,,beau*amp & 8 ,c\ntess1 ,,m>g>et ,,f]r]s ( ,groby1 ,a4,d4 #adjf1 has a ,%ield ( ,beau*amp--gu41 a fesse betwe5 six crosslets or1 impal+ ,f]r]s--gu41 sev5 mascles1 ?ree ?ree & "o1 or4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cbh4--;,d',aubigny1 impal+ ,scotl&4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ,bordures & ,tressures1 :i* are n affect$ by ,qu>t]+1 are dimidiat$ by ,impalem5t1--t is1 t side ( bo? a ,bordure & a ,tressure :i* adjo9s ! l9e ( ,impalem5t is g5]ally remov$3 ?us1 "o ( ! small ,%ields sculptur$ ^u ! canopy ( ! monum5t ( ,que5 ,,m>y ,,/u>t1 at ,we/m9/]1 is *>g$ ) ,d',aubigny impal+ ,scotl&1--t is1 az41 ?ree fleurs de lys or1 )9 a bordure gu4 *>g$ ) eight buckles gold1 impal+ ,no4 #ach4 ,?is ,%ield1 repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #cbh1 has bo? ! bordure on its dext] half1 & ! tressure on its s9i/] half1 dimidiat$ by ! impalem5t4 ,!re are o!r excell5t examples ( ?is p>tial dimidiat+ 9 ! monum5ts ( ,,m>g>et ,,tudor & ,,m>g>et ,,beau=t1 9 ! same *apel ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,! husb& ( an ,heiress or a ,co-heiress1 in/ead ( impal+ ! arms ( 8 wife1 m>%als !m ^u 8 ,%ield *>g$ z an ,escut*eon ( ,pret5ce4 ,! son ( an heiress1 z heir to 8 mat]nal gr&fa!r ?r\gh 8 "m1 z well z to 8 own fa!r1 qu>t]s on 8 ,%ield1 & transmits to 8 desc5dants1 ! arms ( bo? 8 p>5ts1 8 fa!r's arms g5]ally be+ 9 ! fir/ qu>t]4 ,! ,%ield ( ,,ri*>d ,,beau*amp1 ,k4,g41 ,e>l ( ,,w>wick 7di$ 9 #adci71 is a good example ( ! use ( an ,escut*eon ( ,pret5ce2 x is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #cbi1 drawn f ! g>t]-plate ( ! ,e>l1 9 ,/4 ,george's ,*apel1 ,w9dsor4 ,! ,e>l himself1 z 8 h]$it>y coat1 qu>t]s ,beau*amp ) ,newburgh--*eque or & az41 a *evron erm43 ^u ?is1 = 8 ,c\ntess1 ,,isabelle1 daught] & heiress ( ,,?omas ,,le ,,desp5c]1 ,e>l ( ,,gl\ce/]1 he m>%als an ,escut*eon ( ,pret5ce *>g$ ) ,de ,cl>e1 ,no4 #abd1 qu>t]+ ,le ,desp5c]--qu>t]ly arg4 & gu41 9 ! second & ?ird qu>t]s a frette or1 ov] all a b5d sa4 ,9 ! monum5t ( ?is great ,e>l1 at ,w>wick1 ^u ! ,escut*eon ( ,pret5ce ! arms ( ,bohun are qu>t]$ ) ^? ( ,cl>e & ,desp5c]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cbi4--,%ield ( ,e>l ,ri*>d ,beau*amp4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ccj4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cca4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ccb4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ccc4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ccd4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cce4 ,a few v simple diagrams w cle>ly elucidate ! pr9ciple ( ,m>%all+ ! arms ( ,husb& & ,wife4 ,suppose ,b 7,b>on7 to repres5t ! ,husb&1 & ,f 7,femme7 ! ,wife3 !n1 ,no4 #ccj ,b may repres5t ! arms ( ! ,husb&1 & ,no4 #ccj ,f ! arms ( ! ,wife4 ,if ,f be n an heiress1 ! arms ( ,b & ,f1 z husb& & wife1 are borne impal$1 z 9 ,no4 #ccj ,b ,f2 & _! son be>s ,no4 #ccj ,b only4 ,if ,f be an heiress1 ! arms ( ,b & ,f1 z husb& & wife1 are borne z 9 ,no4 #cca--! arms ( ! wife on an ,escut*eon ( ,pret5ce2 &1 9 ?is case1 ! son ( ,b & ,f qu>t]s ! arms ( bo? 8 p>5ts1 z ,no4 #ccb4 ,n[1 suppose ?is son1 ^: arms are ,no4 #ccb1 to m>ry a lady1 n an heiress1 ^: arms are ,no4 #ccj ,f ,f1 he w\ld simply impale ! arms ( 8 wife1 z 9 ,no4 #ccc1 & 8 son w\ld be> ,no4 #ccb only1 z 8 fa!r bore t qu>t]$ %ield be=e 8 m>riage4 ,b if ! wife ( ! be>] ( ,no4 #ccb 7 to be an heiress1 he w\ld *>ge ! arms ( 8 wife 9 pret5ce ^u 8 own h]$it>y pat]nal ,%ield1 z 9 ,no4 #ccd2 & 8 son1 by ?is heiress1 z be=e1 w\ld qu>t] ! arms ( bo? 8 p>5ts1 z 9 ,no4 #cce4 ,x is obvi\s t ,m>%all+ on ?is sy/em 7( :i* ,i "h give ! g5]al outl9e7 admits ( a widely-ext5d$ application4 ,y\ng] sons 9 all cases place ov] all ! qu>t]+s ( _! ,%ield _! own di/9ctive ,m>k ( ,cad5cy1 until !y inh]it "s diff]5t qu>t]+ f ^? to :i* ! head ( _! h\se is entitl$1 & ! qu>t]+ itself !n =ms suffici5t diff]5ce4 ,a ,wid[] :o m>ries aga9 places ! arms ( bo? 8 wives ^u any p]man5t record1 b = ord9>y purposes ( use1 e4g4 on a seal or c>riage1 be>s only ! arms ( 8 liv+ wife4 ,an ,unm>ri$ ,lady be>s h] pat]nal arms on a loz5ge1 )\t any ,helmet1 ,cre/1 or ,motto4 ,a ,wid[ be>s on a loz5ge ! arms borne by h] husb& & h]self4 ,%\ld %e m>ry aga91 a ,wid[ ceases to be> ! arms ( h] =m] husb&4 ,a ,pe]ess 9 h] own "r1 if m>ri$ to a ,pe]1 has bo? h] own arms & ^? ( h] husb& fully blazon$1 & ! loz5ge & ! ,%ield1 ) all _! accessories1 are m>%all$ to =m a s+le unit$ gr\p1 ! a*ievem5t ( ! husb& hav+ prec$5ce to ! dext]4 ,if m>ri$ to a ,common]1 a ,pe]ess 9 h] own "r be>s h] own arms on a loz5ge z be=e1 & h] husb& m>%als h] arms ensign$ ) h] coronet 9 pret5ce on 8 ,%ield3 & ?is loz5ge & ,%ield are gr\p$ toge!r1 ! loz5ge yield+ prec$5ce4 ,prelates be> ! arms ( _! see impal+ _! own pat]nal & h]$it>y arms1 ! insignia ( ! see occupy+ ! dext] half ( ! ,%ield1 ?is ,%ield be+ ensign$ ) a mitre only4 ,a m>ri$ ,prelate be>s also a second ,%ield1 plac$ to ! s9i/] ( ! o!r1 on :i* are m>%all$1 9 accordance ) ord9>y usage1 8 own p]sonal arms ) ^? ( 8 wife4 ,! mitre !n is plac$ ov] ! conjo9$ %ields4 ,! ,k+s ( ,arms1 9 l mann]1 be> two ,%ields1 dispos$ to =m a s+le gr\p3 on ! dext] ,%ield _! (ficial arms impale _! p]sonal2 & on ! s9i/] ,%ield _! p]sonal arms are m>%all$ ) ! arms ( _! wives4 ,aga91 ! same usage obta9s 9 m>%all+ ! arms ( ,knights ( ,ord]s ( ,knigh?ood :o1 :5 m>ri$1 be> two ,%ields gr\p$ toge!r4 ,on ! dext] ,%ield are blazon$ ! arms ( ! ,knight himself alone2 & ar\nd ?is ,%ield are display$ ! insignia ( 8 ,ord]1 or ,ord]s1 ( ,knigh?ood3 & on ! s9i/] ,%ield ! arms ( ! ,knight & ( 8 wife are m>%all$1 b )\t ! knightly insignia4 ,?is second ,%ield is g5]ally environ$ ) decorative foliage4 ,?is usage1 preval5t 9 ,engl&1 is n accept$ or adopt$ by =eign ,h]alds3 nor does x appe> to be requir$ by true h]aldic pr9ciple1 or to be /rictly 9 accordance ) x4 ,! wife ( a ,knight %>es 8 knightly title1 & takes prec$5ce f h] husb&'s knightly rank2 & a knight1 ) p]fect h]aldic consi/5cy1 might m>%al 8 own knightly insignia ab\t ! ,%ield :i* is *>g$ ) 8 own arms & ^? ( 8 wife1 :e!r unit$ by impalem5t1 or :5 ! latt] are borne 9 pret5ce3 & ?us a s+le ,%ield w\ld be borne1 & !re w\ld cease to exi/ any motive = endeav\r+ to imp>t to a second ,%ield "s g5]al resemblance to its companion by wrea?s or o!r unmean+ accessories4 ,!re are anci5t prec$5ts = ! use ( a s+le %ield4 ,(ficial ,arms are n h]$it>y4 ,royal ,p]sonages1 :5 m>ri$1 be> _! own arms on a sep>ate ,%ield2 & a second ,%ield be>s ! arms ( ! husb& & wife conjo9$4 ,! circum/ances ( e case mu/ ex]cise a consid]able influ5ce 9 det]m9+ ! ,m>%all+ ( ! ,accessories ( any ,%ield1 ,loz5ge1 or ,gr\p4 ,z a g5]al rule1 h[ev]1 ! ,helm always re/s on ! *ief ( ! ,%ield3 ,common]s1 ,knights1 ,b>onets1 & ,pe]s place _! ,cre/ ^u ! ,helm3 ,pe]s & ,pr9ces place _! ,helm ^u ! ,coronet1 & _! ,cre/ is plac$ ^u ! ,helmet4 ,! ,,sov]eign places ! ,cre/ ^u ! ,royal ,cr[n1 :i* is a "p ( ! ,royal ,cre/1 & x is unusual to duplicate ! ,cr[n by repeat+ x bel[ ! ,helmet4 ,! ,mantl+ is display$ f ! back ( ! ,helm3 x is mo/ effective :5 simple 9 its =m & adju/m5t1 & :5 x droops beh9d ! ,%ield4 ,! ,motto is usually plac$ bel[ ! ,%ield2 b if x has special ref]5ce to ! ,cre/1 above ! ,cre/4 ,a ,scotti% motto always goes ov] ! ,cre/4 ,support]s are usually plac$ erect1 z if 9 ! act ( really support+ ! ,%ield3 !y ought to /& ei!r on an appropriate gr\nd1 or on a ,go?ic basem5t to ! entire ,a*ievem5t4 ,badges1 ) all ,(ficial & ,knightly ,insignia1 & all o!r ,hon\rable ,insignia ( e k9d1 are rightly m>%all$ 9 an ,a*ievem5t ( ,arms4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,cad5cy ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy are tempor>y or p]man5t-- ,! ,label-- ,! ,bordure-- ,! ,b5dlet1 ,b>rulet1 & ,canton-- ,*ange ( ,t9cture-- ,second>y ,*>ges-- ,s+le ,small ,*>ges-- ,diff]5ces ( ,illegitimacy-- ,cad5cy ( ,cre/s1 ,badges1 c4-- ,mod]n ,cad5cy4 ,m]ke ye wele !ys que/ionys "h1 n[ fol[y+6 --,,boke ,,( ,,/4 ,,albans1 ,a4,d4 #adhf4 ,among/ 8 comrades 9 arms1 or 9 ! mid/ ( a ho/ile array1 ! la/ object t a m$ival ,knight w\ld expect or desire to obs]ve1 on ! morn+ ( a battle or a j\/1 w\ld be an exact c\nt]p>t ( himself4 ,occasions1 inde$1 might sometimes arise1 :5 x might be highly desirable t five or six c\nt]feit ,ri*monds %\ld accompany "o real "o to ! field2 or1 :5 a wild bo> ( ,ard5nes might pref] to enc\nt] ! hunt]s1 hav+ ab\t him ! *oice ( 8 own bo>'s brood1 g>ni%$ at all po9ts exactly aft] 8 own fa%ion4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are r>e & /rictly exceptional cases4 ,& ! ,knight1 to :om di/9ction 0 z ! brea? ( 8 no/rils1 z he clos$ 8 vizor tru/$ confid5tly to 8 h]aldic insignia to di/+ui% him1 :ile1 9 ! =e-front ( ! fray1 ) sword & lance & axe he w\ld /rive manfully to di/+ui% himself4 ,?is implies t ,h]aldry1 besides assign+ to diff]5t families _! own di/9ct insignia1 %\ld possess ! faculty ( di/+ui%+ ! sev]al memb]s1 & also ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! same family1 ! "o f ! o!r4 ,a faculty su* z ?is ,h]aldry does possess1 9 its m>ks ( ,,cad5cy4 ,9 m>k+ ,cad5cy--t is1 9 di/+ui%+ ! armorial insignia ( k9sm51 :o are memb]s ( ! v same family1 or ( "s "o ( its v>i\s bran*es1 x is a necess>y condition ( e sy/em ( ,diff]5c+ t1 :ile 9 itself cle> & def9ite & significant1 x %\ld be second>y to ! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ! orig9al ,coat ( ,arms :i* d5otes ! s5ior bran* ( ! ,family1 & also decl>es f :at f\nta9-head all ! k9sm5 ( all ! bran*es h d]iv$ _! common desc5t4 ,v>i\s me?ods = ?us m>k+ ,cad5cy 7 adopt$1 & accept$ z satisfactory1 9 ! e>ly days ( ,h]aldry4 ,( ^! ,i n[ %all describe & illu/rate su* z are mo/ emphatic 9 !mselves1 & 9 _! "* mo/ decid$ly h]aldic1--su* also z mo/ advantage\sly may be reta9$ 9 use 9 our own ,h]aldry ( ! pres5t "t4 ,x w be se5 t ! ,diff]5ces :i* m>k ,cad5cy necess>ily resolve !mselves into two gr\ps or classes3 "o1 9 :i* ! ,diff]5ce is tempor>y only 9 its significance & use1--z1 :5 an elde/ son1 on ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 succe$s to ! position 9 ! family :i* 8 fa!r _h held1 he removes 8 ,m>k ( ,cad5cy z elde/ son f 8 ,%ield1 assumes ! unm>k$ ,%ield z 8 fa!r _h borne x be=e him1 & transf]s to 8 own son ! m>k t previ\sly _h di/+ui%$ 8 ,%ield f t ( 8 fa!r4 ,9 ! o!r gr\p1 ! ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy are m p]man5t1 & consequ5tly may become integral elem5ts ( ! h]aldic composition 9 :i* !y appe>3 ?us1 ! m>k ( ,cad5cy :i* di/+ui%es any p>ticul> bran* ( a family1 is borne alike by all ! memb]s ( t bran*1 & 9 t bran* x is transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,m ?an "o ,m>k ( ,cad5cy may be introduc$ into ! same ,coat ( ,arms2 &1 = ! purpose ( "s =m ( second>y di/9ction1 x is q correct ,h]aldry to m>k ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy--to *>ge "o v>iety ( m>k1 t is1 ^u ano!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ccf4--;,elde/ ,sons ( ,edw>d ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ccg4--;,black ,pr9ce4 ,! ,,label1 ,nos4 #bga1 #bgb1 is blazon$ z a ,m>k ( ,cad5cy 9 ! e>lie/ ,rolls ( ,arms1 & x appe>s dis*>g+ ?is duty 9 ! e>lie/ examples4 ,! ,label is g5]ally borne ) ?ree po9ts1 z 9 ,no4 #bga2 frequ5tly ) five1 z 9 ,no4 #bgb2 & occasionally ) f\r or ) m ?an five po9ts4 ,x is q c]ta9 t no significance 0 =m]ly atta*$ to ! numb] ( ! po9ts1 ! object 9 all cases be+ to make ! ,label di/9ctly visible1 & to adju/ ! po9ts to ! g5]al composition ( ! ,%ield4 ,labels are ( v>i\s t9ctures4 ,,edw>d ,i41 ,,edw>d ,,ii41 & ,,edw>d ,,iii41 ea* "o dur+ ! lifetime ( 8 fa!r1 bore ! ,%ield ( ,engl&1 ,no4 #ahg1 diff]5c$ ) an azure label1 sometimes ( ?ree po9ts1 z 9 ,no4 #ccf1 & sometimes hav+ five po9ts4 ,,edw>d ! ,,black ,,pr9ce m>k$ ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,,edw>d ,,iii4 ) a label arg5t1 z 9 ,no4 #ccg2 & a pla9 silv] label has s9ce be5 ! ,m>k ( ,cad5cy ( e succe$+ heir-app>5t to ! ,engli% ?rone4 ,! ,label has be5 us$ 9 ?is mann] by p]sonages ( all ranks :o h borne arms1 f ! "t ( ,,h5ry ,,iii42 & examples ab\nd 9 all ! e>ly ,rolls ( ,arms1 9 ,monum5ts1 & ^u ,seals4 ,! ,label1 borne z a ,m>k ( ,cad5cy1 0 sometimes1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! cases ( junior memb]s ( ! ,royal ,family1 *>g$ ) o!r figures & devices1 z diff]5ces ( a second>y rank4 ,or1 :5 x is ?us *>g$1 ! *>ges ^u a ,label may be consid]$ to be elem5ts ( ! ,label itself1 9 its capacity ( a ,m>k ( ,cad5cy4 ,,edmond1 ! fir/ ,e>l ( ,,lanca/]1 z ,i h already %[n1 ,no4 #bdi1 diff]5c$ 8 fa!r's ,arms ( ,engl& ) a ,label ( ,france1 ,no4 #cch--;an azure label1 t is1 *>g$ ) gold5 fleurs de lys1 to d5ote 8 ,fr5* alliance2 & ?us by ! same process he 0 ,m>%all+ & ,m>k+ ,cad5cy4 ,,john ,,( ,,gh5t1 ,duke ( ,,lanca/]1 diff]5c$ ) an erm9e ,label1 ,no4 #cci1 d]iv$ f ! erm9e %ield ( ,brittany 7,no4 #ae73 & ! ,plantag5et ,dukes ( ,,york *>g$ ea* po9t ( _! silv] ,label ) ?ree torteaux1 ,no4 #cdj1 :i* may be consid]$ to h be5 d]iv$ f ! %ield ( ,wake 7,no4 #hb74 ,9 ord] to %[ !m on a l>g] scale1 ! ,labels 9 ,nos4 #cch-cdc are repres5t$ )\t ! ,%ields on :i* !y 7 *>g$4 ,all ^! ,%ields w\ld be repetitions ( ! same blazonry ( ,france & ,engl& qu>t]ly3 ,nos4 #beb & #bec4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cch4--,lanca/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cci4--;,brittany4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cdj4--,york4 ,! ,label1 ) v>i\s ,diff]5ces1 has g5]ally be5 ! ,royal ,m>k ( ,cad5cy2 & n[ diff]5c$ silv] ,labels are borne1 to m>k ,cad5cy1 by e memb] ( our ,royal ,family4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cda4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cdb4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cdc4 ,l ! po9ts ( ,labels1 ! ,*>ges blazon$ on ^? po9ts _h no fix$ or det]m9ate numb]s4 ,t bo? ! ,labels & _! ,*>ges %\ld be di/9ct & conspicu\s1 0 ! special object ) :i* !y 7 blazon$4 ,accord+ly1 9 diff]5t examples ( ! same ,label ! numb] ( ! repetitions ( ! ,*>ges sometimes is f\nd to diff]4 ,at ! same "t1 9 ! e>lie/ examples ( *>g$ ,labels1 ! repetitions ( ! ,*>ges1 :ile devoid ( any special diff]5c+ aim or mean+1 may be consid]$ to h be5 sugge/$ by ! s\rces f :i* ! ,*>ges !mselves 7 d]iv$4 ,= example3 ! ,label ( ,lanca/]1 ,no4 #cch1 ( ,e>l ,,edmond1 d]iv$ directly f ! ,%ield ( ,france anci5t1 ,no4 #bdg1 ) its field seme de lys1 has ?ree fleurs de lys ^u ea* po9t1 s t ?is ,label has ! appe>ance ( be+ also seme de lys4 ,_h x be5 d]iv$ f ! ,%ield ( ,france mod]n1 ,no4 #bdh1 *>g$ ) ?ree fleurs de lys only1 a s+le fleur de lys 9 all probability w\ld h be5 blazon$ on ea* ( ! ?ree po9ts ( ?is same ,label4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple ! ,label ( ,pr9ce ,,lionel1 ,,duke ( ,,cl>5ce1 second son ( ,,edw>d ,,iii41 :i* is diff]5c$ ) cantons gules1 has a s+le canton on ea* po9t1 z 9 ,no4 #cda1 evid5tly because only a s+le canton c be blazon$ on a ,%ield4 ,! figures & devices t are *>g$ = second>y diff]5ce ^u ,labels v>y widely 9 _! "*2 b1 h[ev] difficult x n[ may be 9 v _m in/ances to trace ^! diff]5c+ *>ges to _! s\rces1 & s to det]m9e ! motive :i* l$ to _! adoption1 !re c be no d\bt t orig9ally !y 7 *os5 & adopt$ = ! express purpose ( d5ot+ & record+ "s alliance or dep5d5cy4 ,"s e>ly ,labels are ( a comp\nd "*2 t is1 !y are *>g$ ) two di/9ct gr\ps ( devices1 :i* are at once divid$ & conjo9$ by impalem5t4 ,su* a ,label 0 borne by ,pr9ce ,,h5ry1 son ( ,,john ( ,,gh5t1 betwe5 ! "t ( 8 fa!r's dea? & 8 own accession z ,,h5ry ,,iv4 7,feb4 #c to ,sept4 #cj1 #acii73 x 0 a ,label ( five po9ts p] pale ( ,brittany & ,lanca/]1 ,no4 #cdb1 be+ 8 fa!r's ,label impal+ t ( 8 "m's fa!r4 ,! second son ( ?is ,pr9ce1 ,,?omas ,duke ( ,,cl>5ce1 in/ead ( adopt+ impalem5t1 *>g$ a r$ canton ^u ea* po9t ( an erm9e ,label1 z 9 ,no4 #cdc3 :ile 8 bro!r1 ,,john ,duke ( ,,b$=d1 bore _! fa!r's ,label1 ,no4 #cdb4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cdd4--;,holl&1 ( ,k5t4 ,! ,,bordure1 bo? pla9 & *>g$1 is a ,m>k ( ,cad5cy borne by ,pr9ces & by p]sonages ( v>i\s ranks4 ,,edmond1 y\nge/ son ( ,,edw>d ,i41 diff]5c$ ,engl& ) a pla9 silv] bordure1 z 9 ,no4 #cdd3 ! ,,holl&s1 ,e>ls ( ,,k5t1 did ! same3 & ! same silv] bordure also 0 borne by ,,?omas1 y\nge/ son ( ,,edw>d ,,iii41 ab\t ! qu>t]$ %ield ( ,france anci5t & ,engl&2 & ab\t ! qu>t]$ %ield ( ,france mod]n & ,engl& by ,,humphrey1 y\nge/ son ( ,,h5ry ,,iv4 ,pr9ce ,,john ( ,,el?am1 z ,i h already %[n1 & aft] him ! ,,holl&s1 ,dukes ( ,,exet]1 diff]5c$ ,engl& ) a ,bordure ( ,france3 ,no4 #bd4 ,?\gh n s num]\s z ,labels1 ,bordures employ$ to m>k ,cad5cy exi/ 9 v _m e>ly examples1 & a v>iety ( devices appe> *>g$ ^u !m = second>y ,diff]5ce4 ,see ,no4 #adj4 ,9 ! ,royal ,h]aldry ( our own times ! ,bordure is n us$ z a ,royal ,diff]5ce2 b its use is reta9$ 9 ,scotl& = diff]5c+ ,%ields ( less exalt$ rank4 ,9 "s few e>ly ,examples a ,,b5dlet is *>g$ ^u ! pat]nal %ield z a m>k ( ,cad5cy3 & a ,,b>rulet is f\nd to h be5 also us$ = ! same purpose4 ,?us1 ,,h5ry1 second son ( ,,edmond ! fir/ ,e>l ( ,,lanca/]1 dur+ ! lifetime ( 8 eld] bro!r1 diff]5c$ ,engl& ) an azure ,b5dlet1 z 9 ,no4 #cde3 &1 9 ! ,seal ( ,,h5ry ,,de ,,p]cy1 son & heir ( ,,h5ry ?ird ,b>on1 ! lion is debruis$1 = ,diff]5ce1 by a ,b>rulet :i* crosses ! ,%ield 9 ! hon\r-po9t4 ,possibly1 ?is ,b>rulet may be a ,label )\t po9ts4 ,a ,,canton1 pla91 or m frequ5tly *>g$1 & 9 _m examples ( erm9e1 is also add$ to ,%ields to m>k ,cad5cy1 b m frequ5tly n[adays its use d5otes abs5ce ( blood desc5t4 ,see ,nos4 #abh1 #abi1 #acj4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cde4--;,h5ry ( ,lanca/]4 ,to m>k ,cad5cy by a *ange ( ,t9ctures 0 a simple exp$i5t1 & su* a "o z w\ld naturally be practis$ at an e>ly p]iod4 ,x 0 effect$1 fir/1 9 ! case ( ! ,field3 ?us 7,h4 #c7 ! bro!rs ,,de ,,la ,,z\*e sev]ally be>--,gu41 bezante1 &1 ,az41 bezante2 & ! bro!rs ,,furnival 7,h4 #c7 be>--,arg41 a b5d betwe5 six m>tlets gu41 &1 ,or1 a b5d betwe5 six m>tlets gu4 ,secondly1 ! *ange is effect$ 9 ! ,*>ges3 ?us1 two ,william ,,b>dolfs 7,h4 #c & ,e4 #b7 sev]ally be>--,az41 ?ree c9quefoils or1 &1 ,az41 ?ree c9quefoils arg4 ,?irdly1 ! t9ctures are rev]s$3 = example1 = two ,sir ,,john ,,h>c\rts 7,e4 #b7--;,gu41 two b>s or1 &1 ,or1 two b>s gu4 ,f\r?ly1 !re is a complete *ange 9 all ! t9ctures3 & s1 :ile ,sir ,,&rew ,,lot]el 7,e4 #b7 be>s--,or1 a b5d betwe5 six m>tlets sa41 ,sir ,,geffrey ,,lot]el 7,e4 #b7 be>s--,az41 a b5d betwe5 six m>tlets arg5t4 ,f9ally1 ?is sy/em ( m>k+ ,cad5cy admits v>i\s modifications ( ! *anges already describ$3 ?us1 9 ! ,arms ( ,mortim]1 ,no4 #aca1 gules is sub/itut$ = azure2 &1 aga91 9 ! same ,%ield an inescut*eon erm9e takes ! place ( ! inescut*eon arg5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cdf4--;,beau*amp ( ,elmely4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cdg4--;,beau*amp at ,c>lav]ock4 ,ano!r & a fav\rite me?od ( m>k+ ,cad5cy1 calculat$ to ex]cise a great & decid$ influ5ce 9 ! developm5t ( h]aldic blazon1 is ! addition ( second>y ,*>ges ( small size 7n on a ,label or a ,bordure b7 seme ov] ! field ( a ,%ield1 or *>g$ ^u an ,ord9>y1 or dispos$ 9 orle4 ,9 a l>ge numb] ( examples1 ^! small *>ges are f\nd to h be5 gradually r$uc$ to six or ?ree1 9 ord] to admit ( _! be+ blazon$ on a some:at l>g] scale1 & consequ5tly made m di/9ct4 ,aga93 :ile ! numb] & ! t9ctures ( ! second>y diff]5c+ *>ges rema9 ! same1 9 ord] to c>ry out ! ,cad5cy /ill f>!r ! second>y *>ges !mselves are v>i$3 &1 once m1 9 o!r cases ! id5tity ( ! orig9al second>y *>ges is reta9$1 b _! numb] is increas$ or dim9i%$4 ,i mu/ be cont5t to illu/rate ^! v>i\s =ms ( ,cad5cy ) a few examples only4 ,fir/1 a gr\p ( %ields ( ! ,,beau*amps3--,beau*amp ( ,elmely 7,h4 #c7--;,gu41 a fesse or1 ,no4 #cdf3 ,beau*amp at ,c>lav]ock--,gu41 crusile & a fesse or1 ,no4 #cdg3 ,beau*amp1 ,e>l ( ,w>wick--,gu41 a fesse betwe5 six crosses crosslets or1 ,no4 #cdh3 & ,beau*amp ( ,blet%oe--,gu41 a fesse betwe5 six m>tlets or1 ,no4 #cdi4 ,second1 a correspond+ gr\p ( %ields ( ! ,,b]keleys3--,maurice de ,b>kele 7or ,b]keley7--,gu41 a *evron arg4 7,h4 #c73 & !n = o!r ,b]keleys--,gu41 a *evron betwe5 t5 crosses pattes1 six & f\r1 arg42 & ! same ,ord9>y1 ) ei!r t5 c9quefoils ( silv]1 or ! same numb] ( :ite roses4 ,?ree ,,corbets be> sev]ally 7,e4 #b7--,or1 a rav5 sa42 ,or1 two rav5s sa42 &1 ,or1 ?ree rav5s sa4 ,&1 once m1 _! orig9al ,%ield--,gu41 a *evron or1 is diff]5c$ by ! ,,cobhams by *>g+ ! ,ord9>y ) ?ree lioncels1 ?ree eaglets1 ?ree crosslets1 ?ree mullets1 ?ree e/oiles1 ?ree cresc5ts1 or ?ree fleurs de lys1 all ( !m sable4 ,! p>ticul> devices & figures select$ ?us to m>k ,cad5cy1 l ^? *>g$ ^u ,labels or ,bordures1 mu/ be consid]$ to h a special significance ( _! own1 ?\gh ?is significance may frequ5tly fail to be disc]n$ 9 consequ5ce ( our be+ no long] able to trace out _! association ) ! s\rces f :i* !y 7 obta9$4 ,! alliances & ! incid5ts t give ^! v>i\s ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy1 :5 x is possible to asc]ta9 :at !y may h be51 illu/rate 9 a /rik+ mann] ! motives by :i* ! e>ly ,h]alds 7 influ5c$ :5 !y diff]5c$ ! ,arms ( ,k9sm54 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cdh4--;,beau*amp ( ,w>wick4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cdi4--;,beau*amp ( ,blet%oe4 ,(ficial ,insignia sometimes become ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy4 ,?us1 ,,john ,,de ,,gr&ison1 ,bi%op ( ,exet] 7,a4,d4 #acbg-acfi71 on ! b5d 9 8 pat]nal arms1 ,no4 #hi1 sub/itutes a gold5 mitre = ! c5tral eaglet1 z 9 ,no4 #cej4 ,,william ,,c\rt5ay1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury 7,a4,d4 #acha-acif71 adopts a diff]5t c\rse1 & *>ges ?ree gold5 mitres ^u ea* po9t ( ! ,label ( ,c\rt5ay--,or1 ?ree torteaux1 ov] all a label ( ?ree po9ts az4 *>g$ on ea* po9t ) z _m mitres gold4 ,& aga91 ,,h5ry ,,le ,,desp5c]1 ,bi%op ( ,norwi* 7,a4,d4 #acgj-adjf71 places ab\t 8 pat]nal %ield an azure bordure *>g$ ) eight gold5 mitres 7see ! l>ge/ %ield 9 ,no4 #cea74 ,on 8 (ficial seal ! canopi$ effigy ( ! ,bi%op /&s betwe5 ?is1 8 p]sonal ,%ield1 & ! ,%ield ( 8 see--az41 ?ree mitres or3 b 8 ,secretum1 or private seal1 is mu* m int]e/+1 z an h]aldic image ( ! man himself4 ,haughty1 fi]ce1 cruel1 & pugnaci\s1 8 c>e] n less +lori\s z a milit>y comm&] ?an z a *ur*man1 ?is ,,h5ry ,,le ,,desp5c]1 a gr&son ( ! unhappy fav\rite ( ! no less hapless ,,edw>d ,,ii41 0 "o ( ! w>-lov+ prelates :o occasionally appe> su/a9+ a /range1 & yet z x w\ld seem a *>act]i/ic1 "p 9 ! romantic drama ( m$ival hi/ory4 ,8 ,secretum1 ,no4 #cea1 displays 8 ,%ield ( ,desp5c]1 diff]5c$ ) 8 bordure ( mitres1 c\* f a l>ge mantl$ helm1 surm\nt$ by a mitre1 9 place ( a cre/-coronet1 :i* supports ! ,desp5c] cre/1 a silv] griff9's head ( ample size2 on ei!r side are ! ,%ields ( ! see ( ,norwi*1 & ( ,f]r]s 7! ,bi%op's "m 0 ,anne1 daught] ( ,,william ,"l ,,f]r]s ( ,groby7--,or1 sev5 mascles1 ?ree ?ree & "o1 gu42 ! leg5d is1 ,s 4 ,,h5rici 4 ,,desp5c] 4 ,,norwic5sis 4 ,,episcopi4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cej4--;,bi%op ,gr&ison4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cea4--,secretum ( ,bi%op le ,desp5c]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ceb4--,sir ,fulk ,fitz ,w>94 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cec4--,?omas le ,scrope4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ced4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cee4 ,at an e>ly p]iod1 ,cad5cy 0 m>k$ by add+ a s+le small *>ge to ! blazon ( a ,%ield1 or by *>g+ "s second>y device or figure ^u any accessory ( a ,%ield ( arms4 ,su* a ,m>k ( ,cad5cy z ?is1 obta9$ f "s alli$ ,%ield1 & *>g$ ^u an ord9>y or pr9cipal be>+1 or occupy+ a conspicu\s position 9 ! g5]al composition1 0 9 high fav\r ) ! ,h]alds ( bo? ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies4 ,f ! e>ly examples1 :i* exi/ 9 great numb]s & 9 z great v>iety1 x w be suffici5t = me to adduce only a few specim5s--a s+le example1 inde$1 illu/rates ! sy/em4 ,! ,%ield ( ,uf=d1 9 ! ,seal ( ,,matilda ( ,,lanca/]1 :i* ,i h already describ$ 7,no4 #cbj71 is ?us diff]5c$ ) a s+le fleur de lys 9 ! fir/ qu>t]4 ,precisely 9 ! same mann] ,sir ,,fulk ,,fitz ,,w>9 diff]5ces ! ,%ield ( ! head ( 8 h\se1 ,no4 #ag1 by *>g+ a mullet sable ^u ! fir/ qu>t]1 z 9 ,no4 #ceb4 ,,?omas ,,le ,,scrope1 on ! o!r h&1 = ,cad5cy m>ks ! gold5 b5d ^u 8 azure ,%ield1 ,no4 #aaa1 ) an annulet sable1 z 9 ,no4 #cec4 ,two memb]s ( ! family ( ,beau*amp *>ge _! gold5 fesse 7see ,nos4 #cdf-cdi71 ! "o ) a cresc5t sable1 & ! o!r ) a pi]c$ mullet ( ! same t9cture3 ,nos4 #ced1 #cee4 ,9 l mann]1 9 addition to v>i\s labels1 ! ,,nevilles *>ge no less ?an eight diff]5t small figures ^u _! silv] saltire1 ,no4 #aba1 to di/+ui% diff]5t memb]s & bran*es ( _! p[]ful race3 ,i give "o ( ^! ,%ields 9 ,no4 #cef1 :i* 0 borne by ,,george ,,neville1 ,"l ,,latim]1 f ! monum5t to ,e>l ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,beau*amp at ,w>wick--,gu41 on a saltire arg4 a gimmel-r+ az43 ano!r diff]5c$ %ield ( ,neville1 ,no4 #ceg1 has a c9quefoil *>g$ on ! saltire3 a ?ird example f ?is gr\p ,i h already giv51 ,no4 #abb1 diff]5c$ ) a rose3 ?is %ield1 ,no4 #abb1 is n[ borne by ! ,e>l ( ,,ab]gav5ny4 ,once m3 ,sir ,,william ,,de ,,brewys 7,e4 #b7 be>s--,az41 crusile & a lion rampt4 or1 ,no4 #ceh1 :i* coat ano!r ,sir ,,william ,,de ,,brewys diff]5ces1 to di/+ui% himself f 8 k9sman1 :ile at ! same "t decl>+ _! ne> relation%ip1 by simply *>g+ a r$ fleur de lys ^u 8 lion's %\ld]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cef4--,"l ,latim]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ceg4--,neville4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ceh4--,sir ,william de ,brewys4 ,diff]5ces ( ,illegitimacy1 :i* rightly & inde$ necess>ily are includ$ "u ! g5]al head ( ,cad5cy1 d n appe> at any "t to h assum$ a def9ite or decid$ "*1 & yet !y br+ be=e ! /ud5t ( ,h]aldry mu* curi\s matt] = inquiry & inve/igation4 ,e>ly 9 ! true h]aldic era illegitimate sons are f\nd to h diff]5c$ _! pat]nal arms1 z o!r sons lawfully born might h done3 & x does n appe> t any peculi> me?ods ( diff]5c+ 7 adopt$1 palpably = ! purpose ( d5ot+ illegitimacy ( bir?1 be=e ! f\rte5? c5tury _h drawn ne> to its close4 ,& ev5 !n1 if any express h]aldic rule on ?is po9t ev] 0 fram$1 :i* is v d\btful1 x c]ta9ly 0 nev] obs]v$ ) any c>e or regul>ity4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n example ( ! arms ( a man ( illegitimate bir? is ! f9e ,%ield ( ,,william ,,longesp,e1 ,e>l ( ,,salisbury1 son ( ,,h5ry ,,ii4 & ,,fair ,,rosamond1 ,no4 #aig4 ,?is ,%ield is suppos$ to h be5 assum$ & borne by ! ,e>l on 8 m>riage ) ! daught] & heiress ( ,d',,evreux1 :5 9 "r ( 8 wife he succe$$ to ! ,e>ldom ( ,salisbury3 b ?is !ory does n re/ ^u any solid f\ndation1 s9ce x w\ld be v difficult to %[ t ! ,%ield ) ! six lioncels 0 c]ta9ly borne1 on 8 armorial ensign1 by ! fa!r-9-law ( ,e>l ,william4 ,also1 if a ,%ield *>g$ ) an esc>buncle & _m lioncels1 :i* has be5 assign$ to ,,ge(frey ,c\nt ( ,,anj\1 0 really borne by ! ,f\nd] ( ! ,h\se ( ,,plantag5et1 ,e>l ,,william ,,longesp,e may h d]iv$ 8 own ,%ield f 8 pat]nal gr&fa!r4 ,^u 8 ,c\nt]seal ! ,e>l displays 8 own long sword z 8 prop] device4 ,9 l mann]1 c]ta9 o!r p]sonages1 also illegitimate1 appe> to h borne arms :i* 7 ei!r expressly assign$ to !mselves by ! ,sov]eign1 or su* z !y assum$ 9 "r ( _! mo!rs or wives4 ,9 all su* cases z ^!1 ! ,arms 7 n ! pat]nal coat 9 any way diff]5c$1 b :at n[ w\ld be designat$ fre% grants4 ,t[>ds ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 a peculi> k9d ( ,diff]5c+ = ,illegitimacy gradually prevail$ ?r\gh\t ,europe3 ?us1 illegitimate *ildr5 ei!r alt]$ ! position ( ! *>ges 9 _! pat]nal ,%ield2 or !y m>%all$ ! entire pat]nal arms ^u a b5d or a fesse2 or !y compos$ = !mselves a fre% ,%ield1 ei!r us+ _! fa!r's badges & ! actual *>ges ( 8 ,%ield1 or adopt+ devices evid5tly d]iv$ f ! pat]nal be>+s2 or !y bore ! pat]nal ,%ield diff]5c$ 9 a peculi>ly conspicu\s mann] ) c]ta9 m>ks by :i* !y might be readily & c]ta9ly di/+ui%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cei4--;,h5ry1 ,e>l ( ,worce/]4 ,:5 ! composition ( ! pat]nal ,%ield w\ld admit ( su* an arrangem5t1 ! field n be+ arg5t1 an illegitimate son sometimes bore 8 fa!r's arms m>%all$ fesse-wise1 s z to leave bo? ! *ief & ! base ( 8 ,%ield pla9 :ite4 ,,h5ry1 ,e>l ( ,,worce/]1 ^: fa!r 0 an illegitimate son ( ,,h5ry ,,beau=t1 ?ird ,duke ( ,,som]set1 bore ! arms ( ,beau=t c\p$ 9 ?is mann] 9 *ief & 9 base1 z if !y 7 *>g$ ^u a v broad fesse on ! field3 ,no4 #cei4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cfj4--;,beau=t be=e #acig4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cfa4--;,beau=t aft] #acig4 ,,john ,,de ,,beau=t 7great-gr&fa!r ( ,,h5ry1 ,e>l ( ,,worce/]71 elde/ illegitimate son ( ,pr9ce ,,john ( ,,gh5t1 be=e ! ,act = 8 legitimation 0 pass$ 9 ! ye> #acig1 bore 8 fa!r's h]$it>y arms ( ,lanca/]--,engl& ) a label ( ,france1 ,no4 #bdi--on a broad b5d1 ! field be+ p] pale arg4 & az41 ! ,lanca/rian liv]y col\rs3 ,no4 #cfj4 ,aft] _! legitimation act _h become a law1 ?is same ,,john ,,de ,,beau=t1 ) 8 bro!rs1 sons1 & gr&sons1 bore ! ,royal qu>t]$ %ield ( ,france & ,engl&1 ,no4 #cfa1 diff]5c$1 n ) labels1 b ) a bordure compone arg4 & az4 7! ,lanca/rian col\rs73 ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! ,beau=t family slightly v>i$ ! bordure1 b by ! head ( _! h\se x 0 borne z 9 ,no4 #cfa4 ,x w be se5 t ?is is ! coat t ,,h5ry1 ,e>l ( ,,worce/] 7himself ! legitimate son ( an illegitimate son71 bore fesse-wise1 z 9 ,no4 #cei4 ,! fa!r ( ?is ,e>l ,,h5ry1 ,,*>les ,,som]set1 ,e>l ( ,,worce/] 7illegitimate son ( ! ?ird ,duke ( ,,som]set71 diff]5c$ ,beau=t1 ,no4 #cfa1 ) a silv] b5dlet s9i/]1 z 9 ,no4 #cfb1 ! b5dlet cov]+ ! qu>t]+s1 b be+ includ$ )9 ! bordure4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cfb4--;,*>les1 ,e>l ( ,worce/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cfc4--,sir ,rog] de ,cl>5don4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cfd4--,radolphus de ,arundel4 ,s9ce ! fifte5? c5tury1 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry1 a n>r[ b5dlet or baton s9i/]1 c\p$ at its extremities1 ei!r pla9 or *>g$1 has usually be5 ! m>k employ$ z diff]5ce by ! illegitimate desc5dants ( ! ,royal ,family4 ,x 0 borne by ,,ar?ur ,,plantag5et1 ,visc\nt ,,lisle1 son ( ,,edw>d ,,iv43 by ,,h5ry ,,fitz ,,roy1 ,duke ( ,,ri*mond1 son ( ,,h5ry ,,viii41 &1 v>i\sly diff]5c$1 by illegitimate desc5dants ( ,,*>les ,,ii4--t is1 x is borne at ! pres5t day1 arg5t1 by ! ,duke ( ,,buccleu*2 erm9e1 by ! ,duke ( ,,clevel&2 compone arg4 & az41 by ! ,duke ( ,,grafton2 &1 gules *>g$ ) ?ree :ite roses1 by ! ,duke ( ,,/4 ,,albans4 ,sir ,,rog] ,,de ,,cl>5don1 illegitimate son ( ! ,,black ,,pr9ce1 bore on a sable b5d ! ?ree ,o/ri* ,fea!rs ( 8 illu/ri\s fa!r's ,%ield ( ,peace1 ! field ( 8 ,%ield be+ gold51 z 9 ,no4 #cfc4 ,"h ! ,diff]5ce = ,illegitimacy is v emphatically m>k$ 9 a s+ul>ly felicit\s & beautiful ,%ield4 ,! pat]nal arms ( illegitimate *ildr5 h also sometimes be5 c>ri$ by !m *>g$ on a canton1 ei!r dext] or s9i/]1 ! re/ ( ! ,%ield be+ left blank1 or p]haps 9 "s cases display+ ! mat]nal arms2 ( ?is usage ,i am n able to give any good example1 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry1 ( c]ta9 au?ority3 "o o!r v>iety ( ^! s+ul> ,%ields1 h[ev]1 ,i mu/ add to my small gr\p ( examples1 :i* 0 fir/ notic$ by ,mr4 ,,montagu 7,guide to ! ,/udy ( ,h]aldry1 p4 #dd74 ,?is is ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #cfd1 ( ,,radolphus ,,de ,,arundel2 & x be>s ! qu>t]$ arms ( ! ,e>ls ( ,,arundel--,fitz ,alan & ,w>r5ne 7gu4 a lion rampt4 or1 & ,no4 #fh71 flan*$1--t is1 blazon$ only ^u ! flan*es 7see ,no4 #ada7 ( ! ,%ield1 ! c5tral area be+ blank4 ,= a l5g?y p]iod ! use ( ! b5d1 b5dlet1 & baton s9i/] 0 usual = ! purpose ( d5ot+ illegitimacy1 b ?is has n[ giv5 way to ! use1 9 ,engl&1 ( a bordure wavy2 9 ,scotl&1 ( a bordure compony2 :il/ 9 ,irel& bo? ^! bordures are us$1 m usually1 h[ev]1 ! bordure wavy be+ employ$4 ,by a curi\s div]g5ce ! bordure wavy is n a m>k ( illegitimacy 9 ,scotl&1 b a m>k ( p]fectly legitimate cad5cy4 ,! use ( ! b5dlet s9i/] = ! debruis+ ( cre/s /ill exi/s 9 ,engl& & ,irel&1 b cre/s are n usually diff]5c$ = any reason 9 ,scotl&4 ,9 treat+ ( ?is subject1 "s writ]s h ma9ta9$ t ! bordure compone is1 9 its h]aldic nature1 ! mo/ decid$ & unque/ionable ,diff]5ce = ,illegitimacy3 & ?is op9ion ^! writ]s h d]iv$ f ! s+ul>ly contradictory fact1 t ! ,,beau=ts diff]5c$ ) a bordure compone :5 !y became legally legitimate4 ,a bordure compone may1 inde$1 be us$ ) su* an int5tion1 z x is us$ by ! ,duke ( ,,ri*mond1 :o be>s ! arms ( ,,*>les ,,ii4 )9 a bordure compone arg4 & gu41 *>g$ ) eight roses ( ! la/2 b by ! ,,beau=ts x 0 us$ ) an int5tion exactly ! rev]se ( ?is4 ,! bordure1 h[ev]1 :atev] its aspect or modification ( treatm5t1 rema9s /ill1 z x 0 ( old1 an hon\rable ,diff]5ce1 until "s abatem5t ( hon\r has be5 associat$ ) its pres5ce "u special circum/ances4 ,b ! /]eotyp$ use ( ! bordure wavy 9 ,engl& ) a set mean+1 gives to ! wavy v>iety a lack ( desirability4 ,m>ks ( illegitimacy are int5d$ to rema9 ^u a %ield = all "t1 al?\gh 9 a few hi/oric cases _! use has be5 disc>d$4 ,& precisely ! same words may be appli$ to any o!r *>ge t has be5 employ$1 or may be requir$ to m>k ,cad5cy4 ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy1 z !y are borne on ,%ields ( ,arms1 may also be *>g$ on ,badges1 ,cre/s1 & ,support]s4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 !y appe> on ,armorial ,bann]s & ,/&>ds "u ! same conditions t !y are blazon$ ^u ,%ields & ,surcoats4 ,su* examples z may be necess>y to illu/rate h]aldic usage 9 ^! cases1 ,i propose to describe 9 ! foll[+ ,*apt]s4 ,x _c be necess>y = me to adduce any argum5ts 9 ord] to impress ^u ,/ud5ts ( ,h]aldry ! importance ( inve/igat+ e>ly ,cad5cy1 or to assure !m t a special int]e/ is insep>able f ?is inquiry3 ,i may sugge/1 h[ev]1 t x is mo/ desirable t ,/ud5ts %\ld arrange gr\ps ( alli$ ,%ields1 & %\ld c>efully blazon !m ) _! v>i\s ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy1 be+ c>eful also to record _! au?orities = e example4 ,,mod]n ,,cad5cy is m>k$ by ! ,label & by s+le small ,*>ges1 :i* take prec$5ce 9 ! foll[+ ord]3-- #a4 ,! ,label1 ,no4 #bga4 #b4 ,! ,cresc5t1 ,no4 #aff1 ,a4 #c4 ,! ,mullet1 ,no4 #bgh4 #d4 ,! ,m>tlet1 ,no4 #afa4 #e4 ,! ,annulet1 ,no4 #aed4 #f4 ,! ,fleur de lys1 ,no4 #bdf4 #g4 ,! ,rose1 ,no4 #bih4 #h4 ,! ,cross ,mol9e1 ,no4 #ii4 #i4 ,! ,oct(oil1 or ,d\ble ,quatrefoil4 ,:5 !y are adopt$1 ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy n[ are g5]ally plac$ ^u ! ,hon\r ,po9t ( ! ,%ield1 or 9 "s o!r conspicu\s position3 "o ( ^! ,m>ks also may be *>g$ ^u ano!r1 if desir$1--z a ,m>tlet may be *>g$ ^u a ,cresc5t to d5ote ! f\r? son ( a second son2 & s 9 o!r cases4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cfe4--,seal ( ,william ,fras]3 app5d$ to ,homage ,de$1 ,a4,d4 #abie1 pres]v$ 9 ,h4,m4 ,record ,(fice4 ,! ,seal ( ,,william ,,fras]1 ,no4 #cfe1 f ,mr4 ,la+'s ,collection1 exemplifies 9 a s+ul> & int]e/+ mann] ! e>ly use ( a diff]5c$ ,label4 ,"h ! ,label appe>s1 )\t any ,%ield1 borne z if x 7 a ,badge3 & x is *>g$1 on ea* ( its ?ree po9ts1 ) two devices t h ! appe>ance ( mullets ( six po9ts1 b :i* really may be fraises--/rawb]ry-leaves1 ! rebus-device ( ,fras]4 7,see pp4 #ahb-ahe47 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,diff]5c+ ,diff]5c+ to d5ote ,feudal ,alliance or ,dep5d5cy3 ,diff]5c+ )\t any ,alliance-- ,augm5tation-- ,abatem5t4 ,diff]5c+1 :i* comprises 9 tru? ! gr[? & ramification ( ,coat-,arm\r1 & ! :ole sy/em ( its e>ly developm5t1 has be5 /rangely lo/ sight ( 9 ! num]\s treatises on ,armory t h satisfi$ rec5t g5]ations ( ,engli%m54 --,,h]ald ,,& ,,g5ealogi/1 ,,ii4 #cb4 ,,diff]5c+1 us+ ! t]m "h z di/9ct f1 or p]haps z n id5tical )1 ! subject ( ,,cad5cy1 includes n only ! treatm5t ( ,coats ( ,arms & o!r armorial insignia1 t d5ote & are bas$ ^u ,feudal ,alliance or ,dep5d5cy1 b )\t blood-relation%ip2 b also implies a compreh5sive sy/em ( di/+ui%+ simil> ,arms1 :5 !y are borne by individuals or families betwe5 :om no k9d ( alliance is kn[n to h exi/$4 ,x is evid5t1 on ! "o h&1 t a feudal influ5ce w\ld naturally lead to "s degree ( assimilation to ! ,coat-,arm\r ( ! feudal ,*ief1 9 ! ,arms ( all allies & dep5dants3 &1 on ! o!r h&1 x w readily be und]/ood t1 ev5 9 ! e>ly days ( its c>e]1 ,h]aldry w\ld see ! necessity = provid+ = ! con/antly increas+ dem&s ^u its res\rces2 &1 consequ5tly1 t x w\ld organise a sy/em :i* w\ld enable ! same ,ord9>ies & ! same pr9cipal ,*>ges to appe> 9 di/9ct ,%ields1 )\t ei!r confusion or misappreh5sion4 ,x is highly probable1 & inde$ x may be assum$ to be c]ta91 t :at ,i h call$ a feudal influ5ce1 9 ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies 9 no slight degree affect$ ! g5]al composition ( ,coats ( ,arms4 ,9 v _m in/ances ! work+ ( ?is influ5ce is /ill palpable2 & x is always int]e/+ to ! /ud5t ( ,h]aldry1 z x mu/ always be em95tly useful to ! /ud5t ( ,hi/ory1 to detect its pres5ce & to explore its me?od ( action4 ,l ,cad5cy1 feudal ,diff]5c+ is express$ by v>i\s means1 all ( !m indicat+1 9 a great] or a less degree1 ! motive :i* sugge/$ _! adoption4 ,i proce$ at once to examples1 :i* illu/rate & expla9 ! sy/em s cle>ly & s fully1 t prolong$ introductory rem>ks are altoge!r sup]flu\s4 ,^u 8 ,seal1 ,,ranulph ,,de ,,blondeville1 ,e>l ( ,,*e/] 7di$ 9 #abcb7 be>s ?ree g>bs or :eat-%eaves2 & ,rolls ( ,arms ( ! "t ( ,,h5ry ,,iii4 blazon ! ,%ield ( ! ,e>l ( ,,*e/] z--,az41 ?ree g>bs or1 ,no4 #cff4 ,?is ,%ield has be5 assign$ to ! ,e>ls ( ,,*e/] to ?is day3 &1 9 tok5 ( feudal alliance1 f ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 "o or m g>bs1 9 ! words ( ,mr4 ,,plan*1 are se5 9 ! majority ( ,coats belong+ to ! nobility & g5try ( ! ,c\nty ,palat9e ( ,*e/]4 ,?us1 s9ce ! ye> #acij1 ! arms ( ,,grosv5or h be5--,az41 a g>b or4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cff4--;,e>l ( ,*e/]4 ,a c9quefoil1 said to h be5 borne by him on a r$ ,%ield1 0 ! device ( ,,rob]t ,,fitz-,,p]nel1 ,e>l ( ,,leice/]1 :o di$ 9 #abjd4 ,accord+ly1 ! c9quefoil1 d]iv$ f him1 z e>ly z ! ?irte5? c5tury1 appe>s 9 tok5 ( feudal connection on ! ,%ields ( _m families ( ,leice/]%ire4 ,z ,i h already %[n1 7page #ahc7 a ,,b]keley1 :o 0 ( ,leice/]%ire1 sub/itut$ t5 c9quefoils = ! t5 crosses pate ( ! ,b]keley ,%ield2 & ?us he comb9$ feudal ,diff]5c+ ) ,cad5cy4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cfg4--;,fitz ,ralph4 ,_m a r$ *evron or *evronel1 ) o!r devices1 *>g$ ^u a gold5 field1 or a gold *evron on a r$ field1 is a sign ( feudal alliance ) ! great h\se ( ,,de ,,cl>e1 ^: ,%ield 0--,or1 ?ree *evronels gu41 ,no4 #abd4 ,= example1 ! ,,fitz-,,ralphs1 ne> neighb\rs ( ! ,de ,cl>es at ,cl>e 9 ,suffolk1 diff]5c$ ! ,%ield ( ! ,e>ls by *>g+ silv] fleurs de lys on ea* *evronel1 z 9 ,no4 #cfg 7,e4 #b72 &1 = second>y diff]5ce1 !y sometimes add$ a bordure azure1 z 9 ! f9e e>ly ,brass at ,pebm>%1 ne> ,cl>e4 ,aga93 by a *ange ( t9ctures1 )\t affect+ ! *>ges ( ! ,%ield1 ! ,arms ( ,l',,erc$eckne 7n[ ,ar*deacon7 are--,arg41 ?ree *evronels sa4 ,at ,c>lav]ock1 ,,edmund ,,de ,,ha/+s1 bro!r ( ! ,e>l1 bore--,or1 a maun*e gu41 ) a label ( five po9ts sa41 ! ,e>l himself be>+ simply--,or1 a maun*e gu41 ,no4 #bgf4 ,&1 close by ! side ( ,,edmond ,,de ,,ha/+s 0 8 fri5d & companion1 ! feudal ally1 )\t d\bt1 ( 8 h\se1 ,,john ,,paignel1 a v prop] comrade1 z ! *ronicl] te/ifies-- ,un ba*el] jolif et comt1 :o diff]5c$ ,ha/+s by *ange ( t9ctures1 & bore--,v]t1 a maun*e or4 ,! ,%ield ( ! noble h\se ( ,,de ,,lut]ell1 or ,,lot]el1 ,i h blazon$ ) *ang$ t9ctures = two ne> k9sm5 be>+ t "n 7page #ahb71 ?us %[+ 9 :at mann] !y m>k$ _! ,cad5cy4 ,?is same %ield1 ,no4 #cfh--,or1 a b5d betwe5 six m>tlets sa41 0 also diff]5c$ by o!r families to m>k _! feudal alliance ) ! h\se ( ,lut]ell4 ,?us1 ! ,,de ,,furnivals1 !mselves a p[]ful & di/+ui%$ family1 :o held _! l&s by feudal t5ure "u ! ,lut]ells1 9 tok5 ( ?is alliance bore ! ,%ield ( ,de ,lut]ell ) a fre% *ange ( t9ctures2 &1 accord+ly1 ! arms ( ! ,de ,furnivals are well kn[n z--,arg41 a b5d betwe5 six m>tlets gu4 ,!n1 :ile ! ,,furnivals1 = ,cad5cy1 diff]5c$ ^! arms among/ !mselves1 _! feudal allies & dep5dants1 ! ,,ecclesalls or ,,ekele%ales1 ! ,,m\nt5eys1 ! ,,wadesles or ,,wadsleys1 & ! ,,worteles or ,,wortleys1 all unit$ 9 decl>+ _! connection ) _! *ief by assum+ arms f\nd$ ^u ! ,furnival ,coat4 ,^! v int]e/+ & *>act]i/ic examples ( feudal ,diff]5c+ are well blazon$1 z foll[s1 9 ! ,roll ( ,,edw>d ,,ii4 ,= ,,de ,,ecclesall--,sa41 a b5d betwe5 six m>tlets or3 = ,,de ,,m\nt5ey--,gu41 a b5d betwe5 six m>tlets or3 = ,,de ,,wadsley--,arg41 on a b5d betwe5 six m>tlets gu41 ?ree escallops or1 ,no4 #cfi3 & = ,,de ,,wortley--,arg41 on a b5d betwe5 six m>tlets gu41 ?ree bezants1 ,no4 #cgj4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cfh4--;,de ,lut]ell4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cfi4--;,de ,wadsley4 ,! ,,m\nt5eys fur!r diff]5ce _! common arms1 = ,cad5cy1 aft] ?is mann]4 ,in/ead ( gules1 ,sir ,,ernauf ,,de ,,m\nt5ey has ! field ( 8 %ield azure1 8 b5d & m>tlets be+ gold53 ,sir ,,john be>s ^! same arms1 b *>ges 8 b5d ) a mullet gules1 ,no4 #cga3 ,sir ,t4 ,,de ,,m\nt5ey be>s ,sir ,john's arms1 b ) a field gules3 & ano!r ,sir ,,john cotises 8 b5d ?us--,gu41 a b5d cotis$ betwe5 six m>tlets or1 ,no4 #cgb4 ,nor? ( ! ,twe$1 also1 ! same pr9ciple is f\nd to be exemplifi$ 9 ,scotti% ,h]aldry4 ,9 ,ann&ale1 writes ,mr4 ,,seton1 ! *ief & saltire ( ! ,bruces are c>ri$ 7( diff]5t t9ctures & ) additional figures7 by ! ,j>d9es1 ,kirkpatricks1 ,john/ons1 & o!r families4 ,! arms ( ,,bruce are--,or1 a saltire & a *ief gu41 ,no4 #gc3 ^? ( ,,j>d9e are--,arg41 a saltire & a *ief gu41 ! latt] *>g$ ) ?ree mullets ( ! field1 pi]c$ ( ! second3 & ! arms ( ,,kirkpatrick are--,arg41 a saltire & *ief az41 ! latt] *>g$ ) ?ree cu%ions or4 ,?is coat ( ,kirkpatrick is also borne by ! ,,john/ons1 ! t9ctures diff]5c$ ?us--,arg41 a saltire sa41 & on a *ief gu4 ?ree cu%ions or4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cgj4--;,de ,wortley4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cga4--,sir ,john de ,m\nt5ey4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cgb4--,sir ,john de ,m\nt5ey4 ,once m1 return+ to ! s\!rn side ( ! ,scotti% bord]1 ( ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,neville1 ! r5[n$ ,k+-mak]1 we f9d x to be record$ t1 s great 0 8 popul>ity at ,calais1 ( :i* city he 0 gov]nor1 t 8 ,badges 7 univ]sally adopt$1--no man e/eem+ himself gallant ^: head 0 n adorn$ ) 8 silv] ragg$ /aff 7,no4 #bid72 nor 0 any door frequ5t$1 t _h n 8 :ite cross 7silv] saltire1 ,no4 #aba7 pa9t$ !reon4 ,?is 0 an extravagant application ( ! e>li] usage 9 d5ot+ feudal alliance1 su* z 0 9 keep+ ) ! h]aldic s5tim5t ( ! second half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,^? good citiz5s ( ,calais1 h[ev]1 :o 7 ,neville-wor%ipp]s f\r hundr$ ye>s ago1 7 n s+ul> 9 exhibit+ an armorial ensign at ! entrance to _! h\ses4 ,num]\s1 inde$1 are ! doorways 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,engl&1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! c\nties ( ,surrey1 ,sussex1 & ,norfolk1 :i* 9 ! sign ( ! *equ]s /ill display ! insignia 7*eque or & az41 ,no4 #fh7 ( ! once mighty ,e>ls ( ,,w>r5ne & ,,surrey2 & ?us %[ t relics ( ! old feudal influ5ce are end[$ ) a t5aci\s vitality1 :i* prolongs _! exi/5ce = ages aft] ! feudal sy/em itself has pass$ away4 ,b no d\bt "s cases mu/ be ref]r$ to ! less romantic explanation ( ! reckon+ bo>d ( ! ,/ew>d4 ,diff]5c+ adopt$1 s f> z n[ is app>5t1 simply = ! sake ( di/9ction1 lays op5 be=e ! /ud5t ( ,h]aldry a wide & a div]sifi$ field ( inquiry4 ,all ! miscellane\s *>ges t are associat$ 9 blazon ) ! ,ord9>ies1 & also ) ! ,subord9>ies1 ?us are br\ght "u consid]ation2 &1 )\t a d\bt1 x 0 = ! express purpose ( ,diff]5c+ t _m ( ^! *>ges 7 introduc$ into ,engli% ,h]aldry4 ,h[ f> "s remote degree ( relation%ip1 or "s subord9ate feudal motive n[ lo/ to sight & =gott51 may orig9ally h affect$ ! *oice ( ,*>ges = diff]5ce1 x is n possible n[ to det]m9e2 nor c we always foll[ ! rebus-lov+ se>* = a ,diff]5ce1 t might speak ?r\gh t allusive quality :i* is a prim>y elem5t ( ! ,h]ald's sci5ce4 ,we d "k t ! act ( be>+ ! same arms by diff]5t families1 )\t "s h]aldic ,diff]5ce1 0 ( v r>e occurr5ce2 & t1 :5 x did occur1 x 0 reg>d$ ) m>k$ surprise1 & on m ?an "o occasion l$ to a memorable controv]sy3 &1 fur!r1 we f9d great numb]s ( e>ly diff]5c$ ,%ields1 :i* illu/rate 9 a v effective mann] ! gr[? & developm5t ( ,engli% ,h]aldry4 ,%ields ( ?is ord] h /rong claims on our att5tion4 ,! examples t ,i am able "h to place be=e /ud5ts are to be reg>d$ simply z specim5s1 few 9 numb]1 & yet suffici5t to %[ "s ( ! v>i$ =ms "u :i* e>ly ,diff]5c+ 0 effect$4 ,! proce$+s 9 ! ,high ,c\rt ( ,*ivalry 9 ! suit betwe5 ,sir ,,ri*>d ,,le ,,scrope & ,sir ,,rob]t ,,grosv5or1 relative to ! "r to ! ,arms--,azure1 a b5d or1 ,no4 #aaa--;comm5c$ on ! #ag? ( ,augu/ #ache1 & ! f9al judgm5t ( ! ,k+ himself ^u ! appeal ( ! def5dant aga9/ ! f9d+ ( ! ,c\rt 0 n pron\nc$ till ! #bg? ( ,may #acij4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,may #achi ! judgm5t ( ! ,c\rt assign$ ! arms--,azure1 a b5d or--to ,sir ,,ri*>d ,,le ,,scrope2 & to ,sir ,,rob]t ,,grosv5or1 ^! arms--,az41 a b5d or1 )9 a pla9 bordure arg5t4 ,?us ! ,c\rt confirm$ to ,sir ,ri*>d le ,scrope ! "r to be> ! ,ord9>y 9 its sev]e simplicity1 )\t any o!r *>ge & )\t any ,diff]5ce3 &1 at ! same "t1 x 0 decid$ t ^! arms ( ,scrope %\ld be diff]5c$1 9 ord] t !y might become ! arms ( ,grosv5or1 & ! ,diff]5ce 0 to be a pla9 silv] bordure4 ,! :ole ( ! proce$+s 9 ?is rem>kable case are pres]v$1 & h be5 publi%$2 & !y d]ive a peculi> int]e/ f ! circum/ance1 t among/ ! witnesses :o gave evid5ce 0 ! fa!r ( ,engli% ,poetry1 ,,ge(frey ,,*auc]4 ,appeal hav+ be5 made to ! ,sov]eign1 ,,ri*>d ,,ii4 det]m9$ t a pla9 bordure arg5t 0 a ,m>k ( ,cad5cy1 good & "r1 & p]fectly suffici5t z a ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,c\s9 & ,c\s9 9 blood2 b t x 0 n a suffici5t ,diff]5ce 9 ,arms betwe5 two /rang]s 9 blood 9 "o k+dom4 ,! ,k+1 !re=e1 cancell$ & annull$ ! s5t5ce ( ! ,c\rt ( ,*ivalry2 & 9 s do+ he gave a v cle> def9ition ( ! di/9ction to be obs]v$ 9 ,h]aldry betwe5 k9sm5 & /rang]s 9 blood4 ,!n x 0 t ! ,%ield1 ,azure1 a g>b or1 0 adopt$ z ! arms ( ,grosv5or4 ,we may assume1 t ! judgm5t ( ! ,c\rt w\ld h be5 confirm$ by ! ,k+1 _h ,sir ,rob]t ,grosv5or be5 comm&$ to blazon 8 gold5 b5d betwe5 two g>bs1 or *>g$ ) "o or m g>bs1 or ) ?ree g>bs on a *ief1 or ) any o!r decid$ ,diff]5ce :i* w\ld be palpably di/9ct f a ,m>k ( ,cad5cy4 ,! examples ( ,diff]5c$ ,%ields :i* foll[ ,i h select$ f ! ,roll ( ,,edw>d ,,ii4 ,x w be se5 t 9 ea* small gr\p ( ^! examples "s prim>y feature ( ! composition is common to e ,%ield1 s t ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,%ields 9 ea* gr\p is effect$ ei!r by a simple *ange ( t9ctures1 or by ! introduction ( v>i\s second>y *>ges4 ,,*iefs4--,sir ,,john ,,de ,,ard]ne--,gu41 crusile & a *ief or4 ,sir ,,?omas ,,le ,,r\s--,erm41 on a *ief ind5t$ gu4 two escallops arg4 ,sir ,,john ,,de ,,cl9tone--,arg41 on a *ief az4 two fleurs de lys or1 ,no4 #gd4 ,sir ,,john ,,de ,,cl9tone1 ( ,maxtoke--,arg41 on a *ief az4 two mullets or1 ,no4 #ge3 "h ! ,diff]5ce d5otes ,cad5cy z well z a di/9ct individuality4 ,,b5ds4--,sir ,,rob]t ,,p\trel4--,or1 on a b5d az4 ?ree fleurs de lys arg4 ,sir ,,walt] ,,de ,,b]myngham--,arg41 on a b5d gu41 cotis$ az41 ?ree esallops or4 ,,oliv] ,,de ,,bohun--,az41 on a b5d1 cotis$ & betwe5 six lioncels or1 ?ree escallops gu41 ,no4 #cba4 ,,fesses ,,& ,,b>s4--,sir ,,john ,,de ,,dagewor?--,erm41 a fesse gu4 bezante1 ,no4 #hj4 ,sir ,g4 ,,de ,,wa*e%am--,arg41 a fesse & 9 *ief ?ree cresc5ts gu4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,coleville--,or1 a fesse gu41 & 9 *ief ?ree torteaux4 ,sir ,j4 ,,de ,,geytone--,arg41 a fesse betwe5 six fleurs de lys gu4 ,sir ,g4 ,,de ,,ousflet--,arg41 on a fesse az4 ?ree fleurs de lys or4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,lomelye 7,lumley7--,gu41 on a fesse betwe5 ?ree pop9jays arg41 z _m mullets sa4 ,sir ,b4 ,,badlesm]e--,arg41 a fesse betwe5 b>s gemelles gu4 ,sir ,g4 ,,de ,,la ,,m]e--,or1 a fesse betwe5 b>s gemelles az41 ,no4 #hd4 ,sir ,j4 ,,de ,,prei]es--,gu41 a fesse betwe5 b>s gemelles arg4 ,sir ,j4 ,,wake--,or1 two b>s gu41 9 *ief ?ree torteaux1 ,no4 #hb4 ,sir ,b4 ,,pycot--,az41 two b>s or1 9 *ief ?ree bezants4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,w$one--,arg41 two b>s gu41 9 *ief ?ree m>tlets sa4 ,sir ,r4 ,,bordet--,az41 two b>s or1 on ! upp]mo/ ?ree m>tlets gu4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,roy+e--,arg41 ?ree b>s & an orle ( m>tlets gu4 ,sir ,n4 ,,de ,,e/oteville--,b>ry arg4 & gu41 ?ree lioncels sa4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,yngelfeld--,b>rule arg4 & gu41 on a *ief or a lion pass4 az4 ,sir ,w4 ,,de ,,moneca/re--,b>rule arg4 & gu41 on a b5d sa4 ?ree escallops or4 ,sir ,t4 ,,de ,,pon+e--,b>ry or & v]t1 on a b5d gu4 ?ree mullets arg4 ,,crosses4--,sir ,n4 ,,de ,,weyl&e--,arg41 on a cross gu4 five escallops or4 ,sir ,r4 ,,bygod--,or1 on a cross gu4 five escallops arg4 ,sir ,,wm4 ,,kirketot--,az41 on a cross arg4 five escallops gu4 ,sir ,,wm4 ,,de ,,b]ham--,sa41 a cross betwe5 f\r cresc5ts arg4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,bannebury--,arg41 a cross pate betwe5 f\r mullets gu4 ,sir ,j4 ,,r&olf--,gu41 on a cross arg4 five mullets sa4 ,sir ,g4 ,,de ,,durem--,arg41 on a cross gu4 five fleurs de lys or4 ,sir ,p4 ,,de ,,geytone--,arg41 crusile & ?ree fleurs de lys az4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,h(tot--,az41 a cross pate erm4 betwe5 f\r roses erm4 ,,*evrons4--,sir ,g4 ,,rossel--,or1 a *evron az41 betwe5 ?ree roses gu4 ,sir ,j4 ,,de ,,cret+e--,arg41 a *evron betwe5 ?ree mullets gu4 ,sir ,r4 ,,malet--,sa41 a *evron betwe5 ?ree buckles arg4 ,sir ,t4 ,,de ,,anv]s--,gu41 a *evron betwe5 ?ree mullets or4 ,sir ,,wm4 ,,de ,,b]k]oles--,az41 a *evron betwe5 ?ree cresc5ts or4 ,sir ,w4 ,,bluet--,or1 a *evron betwe5 ?ree eagles v]t4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,caple--,arg41 a *evron gu4 betwe5 ?ree torteaux4 ,sir ,t4 ,,malet--,sa41 a *evron betwe5 ?ree buckles arg4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,peyvre--,arg41 on a *evron az4 ?ree fleurs de lys or1 ,no4 #abe4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,bot]els--,*eque or & gu41 on a *evron az4 ?ree horse%oes arg4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cgc4--;,at ,/4 ,albans4 ,,lions4--,! ,e>l ( ,,l9coln--,or1 a lion rampt4 purp41 ,no4 #aid4 ,! ,e>l ( ,,arundel--,gu41 a lion rampt4 or4 ,sir ,,h5ry ,,de ,,p]cy--,or1 a lion rampt4 az41 ,no4 #aif4 ,sir ,,john ,,m[bray--,gu41 a lion rampt4 arg41 ,no4 #aic4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,sottone 7,sutton7--,or1 a lion rampt4 v]t4 ,sir ,j4 ,,de ,,nortone--,v]t1 a lion rampt4 or4 ,sir ,w4 ,,fauconb]g--,arg41 a lion rampt4 az4 ,sir ,g4 ,,de ,,hautville--,sa41 crusile1 a lion rampt4 arg4 ,sir ---- ,,de ,,m\nt=t--,arg41 crusile gu41 a lion rampt4 az4 ,sir ,,wm4 ,,maufee--,arg41 seme ( escallops gu41 a lion rampt4 sa4 ,sir ,j4 ,,de ,,crepp+e--,gu41 billete or1 a lion rampt4 arg4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,ass*eby--,arg41 a lion rampt4 sa4 billete or4 ,sir ,j4 ,,de ,,deyville--,gu41 seme de lys1 a lion rampt4 arg4 ,arg41 )9 a bordure gu4 bezante1 a lion rampt4 sa41 = ,sir ,t4 ,,de ,,pick]+2 &1 ,arg41 )9 an orle ( roses gu41 a lion rampt4 sa41 = ,sir ,r4 ,,pi]p\nd1 bo? app>5tly f\nd$ on ! %ield ( ! ,e>l ( ,,cornwall1 ,no4 #adj1 :i* also is blazon$ 9 ?is ,roll4 ,sir ,j4 ,,le ,,/range--,gu41 two lions pass4 arg41 ,no4 #aia4 ,sir ,j4 ,,de ,,som]i--,or1 two lions pass4 az4 ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,/4 ,,waly--,or1 two lions pass4 gu4 ,sir ,n4 ,,c>ru 7,c>ew7--,or1 ?ree lions pass4 sa4 ,sir ,j4 ,,giff>d--,gu41 ?ree lions pass4 arg41 ,no4 #aib4 ,sir ,r4 ,,le ,,fitz ,,payn--,gu41 ?ree lions pass4 arg41 ov] all a b5dlet az4 ,sir ,g4 ,,de ,,canvyle--,az41 ?ree lions pass arg4 ,9 ! beautiful *antry ( ,abbot ,,?omas ,,ramryge1 at ,/4 ,albans1 "o ( ! l>ge sculptur$ ,%ields is *>g$ ) a lion rampant )9 :at may be consid]$ to be an orle ( roses--! arms1 z ,i h j %[n1 assign$ 9 ! ,roll ( ,,edw>d ,,ii4 to ,sir ,r4 ,,pi]p\nd4 ,?is ,%ield1 c>efully drawn by ! engrav] himself f ! orig9al 9 ! ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,alban1 is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #cgc4 ,,augm5tation1 or ,,augm5tation ,,( ,,hon\r1 is a t]m employ$ to d5ote an addition to a ,%ield ( arms1 specially grant$ by ! ,sov]eign to commemorate "s wor?y or illu/ri\s de$1 & =m+ an integral elem5t ( ! ,%ield z an h]$it>y be>+4 ,su* additions w be f\nd m>%all$ 9 ! =ms ( ,*iefs & ,inescut*eons z ,cantons1 or z ,qu>t]+s2 or !y may assume ! "* ( additional *>ges4 ,also1 ?is same t]m d5otes simil> additions ( ,cre/s1 ,badges1 or any o!r accessories ( ,%ields4 ,! ,augm5tation display$ ^u ! ,ducal ,%ield ( ,,well+ton1 a mo/ hon\rable exception to ! prevail+ deg5]ate h]aldic feel+ ( ! p]iod 9 :i* x 0 grant$ to ! ,great ,duke1 9 *>act]i/ic & expressive qualities is second to no o!r example ( its own class & ord]4 ,?is true ,augm5tation ( ,hon\r is ! ,national ,device ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 z x is blazon$ 9 ! ,union ,jack1 *>g$ ^u an inescut*eon1 & display$ ^u ! hon\r po9t ( ! ,duke's pat]nal ,%ield4 ,an equally significant ,augm5tation ( an e>li] date is borne 9 ! ,arms ( ,,h[>d4 ,^! ,arms be=e ! battle ( ,flodd5 7--,gu41 a b5d betwe5 six crosses crosslets fit*e arg4 ,to commemorate ! great victory won by him at ,flodd5 ,field1 ,sept4 #i1 #aeac1 :5 ,,james ,,iv4 ( ,scotl& 0 defeat$ & sla91 ,,h5ry ,,viii4 grant$ to ,,?omas ,,h[>d1 ,duke ( ,norfolk1 & to 8 desc5dants1 z an ,augm5tation ( ,hon\r1 ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,scotl& 7,no4 #ach71 b hav+ a demi-lion only1 :i* is pi]c$ ?r\gh ! m\? ) an arr[1 to be borne 9 ! middle ( ! b5d ( 8 prop] arms4 ,?is ,%ield is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #cgd2 & 9 ,no4 #cgd;,a ! augm5tation is %[n on a l>g] scale4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cgd4--;,h[>d1 aft] ,flodd54 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cgd;,a4--,! ,h[>d ,augm5tation4 ,a small gr\p ( additional examples w be suffici5t to illu/rate ?is mo/ int]e/+ class ( hi/orical ,arms1 & at ! same "t w n fail to excite 9 /ud5ts a desire v consid]ably to ext5d ! s]ies ?r\gh _! own inquiries & rese>*es4 ,9 memory ( ! devot$ c\rage & all-important s]vices ( ,,jane ,,lane1 aft] ! disa/r\s battle ( ,worce/]1 ,,*>les ,,ii4 grant$ z an ,augm5tation a ,canton ( ,engl& 7,no4 #ahg m>%all$ on a canton71 to be add$ to ! h]$it>y ,coat ( ,lane1 :i* is--,p] fesse or & az41 a *evron gu4 betwe5 ?ree mullets c\nt]*ang$4 ,! ,cre/ ( ! family ( ,,de ,,la ,,b]e is said to h be5 conf]r$ by ! ,,black ,,pr9ce ^u ,,sir ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,la ,,b]e1 z a memorial ( ! good s]vice r5d]$ by t gallant knight on ! memorable field ( ,cressi4 ,?is ,cre/ is--,out ( a cre/-coronet a plume ( five o/ri* fea!rs p] pale arg4 & az41 ! ,plantag5et col\rs--! device 7z ,mr4 ,,l[] obs]ves7 be+ evid5tly d]iv$ f ! ,pr9ce's own ,badge1 & also =m+ a v>iety ( ! pana*e1 ! ,cre/ !n held 9 su* high e/imation4 ,! he>t *>g$ ^u ! %ield ( ,,d\glas 7see ,nos4 #aef1 #aeg1 p4 #gd7 is ano!r rem>kable ,augm5tation4 ,s also is ! adoption ( ! armorial insignia ( ! ,,confessor1 ,no4 #b1 by ,,ri*>d ,,ii41 & 8 m>%all+ x ^u 8 own ,royal ,%ield1 impal$ to ! dext] ) ! qu>t]$ arms ( ,france & ,engl&4 ,engli% ,h]aldry has be5 requir$ to recognise ano!r & a p]fectly di/9ct class ( ,augm5tations1 :i* consi/ ( additions to ! blazonry ( a ,%ield or ( additional qu>t]+s or accessories1 grant$ z tok5s ( ,royal fav\r1 = h]aldic display1 b )\t any p>ticul> m]it 9 ! receiv]1 or any special hi/orical significance 9 !mselves4 ,augm5tations ( ?is ord] may be consid]$ to h be5 fir/ introduc$ by ,,ri*>d ,,ii41 :5 he grant$1 out ( 8 m]e grace1 to 8 fav\rite ,,rob]t ,,de ,,v]e1 ,e>l ( ,,ox=d1 ,m>quess ( ,,dubl9 & ,duke ( ,,irel&1 a diff]5c$ ,coat ( ,,/4 ,,edmund 7,no4 #c7--;,az41 ?ree cr[ns or1 )9 a bordure arg5t1 to be qu>t]$ ) ! ,,de ,,v]e arms z ! arms ( ,,irel&4 ,9 ! same _s1 ,,ri*>d ,,ii4 grant$1 z simil> ,augm5tations1 ! arms ( ! ,,confessor to be m>%all$1 ) ,diff]5ces1 on _! ,%ields by ,,?omas & ,,john ,,holl&1 ,dukes ( ,,surrey & ,,exet]1 & by ,,?omas ,,m[bray1 ,duke ( ,,norfolk4 ,x w be rememb]$ t x 0 "o ( ! capital *>ges aga9/ ! !n ,e>l ( ,,surrey1 a l9eal desc5dant ( ?is ,,?omas ,,m[bray1 ! ,duke ( ,,norfolk1 9 #aedf1 t he _h assum$1 )\t ! special lic5ce ( ,,h5ry ,,viii41 ! same arms ( ! ,,confessor z an augm5tation4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,iv4 simil> augm5tations1 by grace & n = m]it1 7 grant$2 & by ,,h5ry ,,viii4 ! sy/em 0 c>ri$ to excess 9 ! grants made to augm5t ! armorial blazonry ( ,,anne ,,boleyn1 & ( 8 ,engli% consorts1 h] successors4 ,,abatem5t is a t]m :i* 0 unkn[n until x made its appe>ance 9 c]ta9 h]aldic writ+s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 x 0 us$ to d5ote su* m>ks or devices z1 by ! writ]s 9 "q1 7 held to be ! rev]se ( hon\rable ,augm5tation--,augm5tations ( di%on\r inde$1 & tok5s ( degradation4 ,true ,h]aldry refuses to recognise all su* pret5d$ abatem5ts1 = ! simple reason t !y nev] did exi/1 & if !y c\ld exi/ at all1 !y w\ld be 9 direct antagonism to its nature1 its pr9ciples1 & its entire c\rse ( action4 ,hon\rable itself1 ,h]aldry c give expression only to :at conveys hon\r1 & x records & commemorates only :at is to be hon\r$ & held 9 e/eem4 ,! v idea ( an h]aldic ,abatem5t implies1 if n a complete ignorance1 c]ta9ly a ?or\gh misconception ( ! "* & ! (fice ( ,h]aldry4 ,ev5 if ,h]aldry 7 to attempt to /igmatise :at is1 & :at ought to be e/eem$1 di%on\rable1 :o w\ld volunt>ily accept insignia ( disgrace1 & *>ge & display !m ^u 8 ,%ield1 & transmit !m to 8 desc5dants8 ,& ! believ]s 9 ,abatem5t mu/ hold t ,h]aldry c ex]t a compulsory legislative p[]1 :i* might comm& a man to blazon 8 own disgrace1 & =ce him to exhibit & to reta91 & also to bequea?1 any su* blazonry4 ,a belief 9 h]aldic ,abatem5t1 h[ev]1 is by no means s+ul> or r>e4 ,a curi\s example ( its exi/5ce 0 rec5tly br\ght "u my notice1 9 connection ) "o ( ! mo/ r5[n$ ( ! hi/orical devices ( ,engli% ,h]aldry4 ,! be>1 ! badge ( ! ,,beau*amps1 ,e>ls ( ,,w>wick1 :i* appe>s at ! feet ( ! effigy ( ,e>l ,,ri*>d 9 ! ,beau*amp *apel at ,w>wick1 9 accordance ) a special provision to t effect1 is muzzl$2 &1 we>+ a muzzle has ?is be> be5 borne1 z _! ,badge1 by ! successors ( ! ,,beau*amps 9 ! ,w>wick ,e>ldom1 ! ,e>ls ( ! h\ses ( ,,neville1 ,,dudley1 ,,ri*1 & ,,greville4 ,b1 x w\ld seem t a leg5d has f\nd cr$5ce at ,w>wick ,ca/le itself1 :i* w\ld associate ! muzzle ( ! be> ) "s di%on\rable action ( an ,e>l ( ! old5 "t2 &1 consequ5tly1 x 0 propos$ t at l5g? ?is ,abatem5t %\ld be remov$ f ! be>s /ill at ,w>wick6 ,e>l ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,beau*amp 0 n exactly ! man to h display$ ^u 8 be> any ensign ( di%on\r2 nor 7 8 son-9-law1 ! ,k+-mak]1 & ,que5 ,,elizabe?',s ,,rob]t ,,dudley1 at all m probable subjects = any simil> display2 /ill1 x is q c]ta9 t !y bore ! muzzl$ be>1 z he appe>s on ! seal ( ! great ,e>l1 ,no4 #ddh4g ,t muzzle1 d\btless1 has its becom+ h]aldic significance1 )\t 9 ! slighte/ degree p>tak+ 9 ! assum$ "* ( an ,abatem5t4 ,i hope ev5tually to be able to trace out conclusively :at ! muzzle may really imply1 & ,i comm5d ! rese>* to o!r inquir]s3 mean:ile1 nei!r at ,w>wick nor else:]e is !re any su* ?+ z ,abatem5t 9 ,engli% ,h]aldry4 ,footnote #g3 ,see ,frontispiece4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,cre/s ,on high _! glitt]+ cre/s !y toss4 --,,"l ,,( ,,! ,,isles4 ,!n he b\nd ,h] tok5 on 8 helmet4 --,,ela9e4 ,! idea ( a ,,cre/1 ( "s accessory specially design$ to =m its cr[n+ adornm5t1 appe>s insep>able f ! exi/5ce & use ( a ,helm4 ,! ,w>riors & ,w>rior ,div9ities ( classic antiquity are repres5t$ to u1 we>+ head-pieces ri*ly cre/$3 &1 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 _h no o!r ,h]aldry ev] be5 devis$1 assur$ly ornam5ts ( "s k9d w\ld h be5 plac$ on helms & bas9ets1 & ^! insignia w\ld h be5 held 9 high e/eem & hon\r4 ,accord+ly1 ab\t ! "t t ,coat-,arm\r became h]$it>y1 hav+ be5 r$uc$ to a sy/em & accept$ z an indep5d5t sci5ce1 h]aldic ,cre/s began to be worn z hon\rable di/9ctions ( ! mo/ exalt$ dignity by ! m$ival *ivalry4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cge4--,ri*>d ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cgf4--;,h5ry de ,p]ci4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cgg4--;,h5ry de ,laci4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cgh4--,seal ( ,alex&] de ,balliol1 ,a4,d4 #abib4 ,^u ! ,second ,great ,seal ( ,,ri*>d ,i4 ! cyl9drical helm ( ! ,k+ appe>s surm\nt$ by a k9d ( cap or fan *>g$ ) a lion passant1 ! :ole be+ ar*$ ov] by a radiat$ ornam5t some:at resembl+ a display$ fan1 z 9 ,no4 #cge4 ,simil> ,cre/s1 some:at modifi$ 9 _! details1 are repres5t$ 9 o!r seals ( ! same era1 & ) !m ! fl[+ ,contoise or ,sc>f is sometimes associat$1 z 9 ,no4 #cgf1 f ! seal ( ,b>on ,,h5ry ,,de ,,p]ci1 ,a4,d4 #acjj4 ,simil> ornam5ts 7 also plac$ by ! knights ( ^? ages ^u ! heads ( _! *>g]s4 ,! seal ( ,,h5ry ,,de ,,laci1 ,e>l ( ,,l9coln1 ,a4,d4 #abgb1 %[s ! ,fan-,cre/ bo? ^u ! helm ( ! ,e>l1 ,no4 #cgg1 & ! head ( 8 w>-horse4 ,ano!r equally *>act]i/ic example is ! ,seal ( ,,alex&] ,,de ,,balliol1 ,no4 #cgh1 app5d$ to ! ,g5]al ,release giv5 by ,,john ,,balliol to ,,edw>d ,i41 #bnd ,janu>y1 #abib3 x w be obs]v$ t ?is knight displays ! arms ( 8 h\se1 ,no4 #acd1 ^u 8 ,%ield1 & also1 9 addition to ! ,fan-,cre/1 ^u ! b>d+ ( 8 *>g]4 ,aga9 ,i am indebt$ to ! k9dness & lib]ality ( ,mr4 ,la+ = ! use ( 8 admirable woodcut ( ?is f9e & int]e/+ seal4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cgi4--;,helm ( ,?omas1 second ,e>l ( ,lanca/]4 ,! fl[+ ,contoise cont9u$ to be atta*$ to helms till ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 unless1 inde$1 "s v]itable lady's fav\r 7 worn 9 its /ead by knights fav\r$ z 0 ,sir ,,launcelot1 :o1 on a memorable day1-- ,wore1 aga9/ 8 wont1 ^u 8 helm ,a sleeve ( sc>let1 broid]$ ) great pe>ls1 ,"s g5tle maid5's gift4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #chj4--;,helm & ,cre/ ( ,sir ,ge(frey ,lut]ell3 ,a4,d4 #acde4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cha4--,seal ( ,sir ,rob]t de ,m>ny1 ,a4,d4 #acff4 ,! seal ( ,,?omas1 second ,e>l ( ,,lanca/]1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #acbj1 gives an excell5t example bo? ( su* figures z 7 beg9n+ at t e>ly "t to sup]s$e ! ,fan-,cre/s1 & also ( ! ,contoise2 ,no4 #cgi4 ,ab\t ?is same p]iod ! fa%ion 0 introduc$ ( fix+ two tall spikes1 "o on ea* side ( ! ,cre/1 ^u ! helm1 probably int5d$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance to display ! contoise4 ,^! s+ul> spikes may h be5 d]iv$ by ! ,engli% ,h]alds f _! bre?r5 ( ,g]many1 :o delight$1 z !y /ill delight1 9 plac+ ^u helms z ,cre/s1 or z ! accessories ( ,cre/s1 small bann]s display$ f /aves set erect & surm\nt$ by spe>-heads4 ,9 ,g]man ,h]aldry also ,cre/s are v frequ5tly plac$ betwe5 tall upright horns or trumpets3 &1 sometimes1 ^u a ,g]man helm ! ,cre/ /&s betwe5 horns %ap$ l two elephant's trunks 7= :i* !y h (t5 be5 mi/ak5 by ,engli% ,h]alds71 plac$ 9 ! same erect position1 &1 l ! trumpets1 s adju/$ z to h ! g5]al aspect ( ! curv$ outl9e ( a classic lyre4 ,! helm ( ,sir ,,ge(frey ,,lut]ell1 ,a4,d4 #acde1 ,no4 #chj1 drawn f a celebrat$ illum9ation1 betwe5 ! tall spikes has a late example ( ! ,fan-,cre/2 & x exemplifies ! practice sometimes adopt$ ( *>g+ armorial insignia ^u ,cre/s ( ?is fan =m4 ,! ,arms ( ,lut]ell--,or1 a b5d & six m>tlets sa4--7 borne by ,sir ,,ge(frey ?us diff]5c$ 7,e4 #b7--;,az41 a b5d & six m>tlets arg4 ,a pair ( l(ty upright w+s 7 held 9 mu* e/eem 9 ! ,h]aldry ( bo? ,engl& & ,scotl&1 to =m ! accessories ( ,cre/s4 ,! ,seal ( ,sir ,,rob]t ,,de ,,m>ny1 ,a4,d4 #acff1 ,no4 #cha1 %[s 8 armorial %ield--,gu41 a lion rampant arg41 susp5d$ f a tree1 betwe5 two cre/$ helms1 ! cre/ 9 bo? cases be+ a w+$ *apeau1 hav+ ! w+s v tall & v sl5d]4 ,f ! e>lie/ times1 ,cre/s h occasionally be5 id5tical ) ! pr9cipal *>ge 9 ! ,%ield ( ,arms1 or !y h repeat$ ! pr9cipal *>ge ) "s slight modification ( attitude or accessory3 b1 m g5]ally1 ,cre/s h be5 altoge!r di/9ct4 ,! ,dragon & ! ,wyv]n1 ! latt] well exemplifi$ 9 ,no4 #cae1 are among/ ! e>lie/ figures t 7 borne z ,cre/s 9 ,engl&4 ,o!r e>ly ,figure-,cre/s are ! ,lion1 cr[n$ & assum$ = ! fir/ "t by an ,engli% ,sov]eign by ,,edw>d ,,iii42 & ! ,eagle1 borne by ! same ,pr9ce4 ,v>i\s devices & figures are f\nd gradually to h be5 add$ to ^! e>lie/ ,cre/s4 ,! graceful & peculi>ly appropriate ,pana*e soon jo9$ !m1 ) ! heads ( v>i\s animals & o!r creatures3 &1 z ! f\rte5? c5tury advances1 ! ,cre/-,coronet1 ,no4 #bcb1 ! ,cre/-,wrea?1 ,no4 #bcc1 & ! ,*apeau1 ,no4 #bbd1 assume _! places 9 connection ) ,cre/s2 & ! ,mantl+ falls 9 ri* folds f !m1 cov]+ ! back ( ! ,helm4 ,9 ! succe$+ c5tury1 ) ,helms less dignifi$ 9 =m1 b m elaborately enri*$1 & ) /rangely fanta/ic ,mantl+s1 ,cre/s become consid]ably l>g] 9 _! proportions2 & !y (t5 are extravagant 9 _! "*1 devices con/antly be+ assum$ & borne z ,cre/s1 :i* are no less inconsi/5t ) true h]aldic feel+1 ?an ) ! peculi> conditions & ! prop] qualities ( true h]aldic ,cre/s4 ,! ,cre/ ( ! ,duke ( ,,hamilton1 ,no4 #cja1 is f> f be+ "o ( ! mo/ inconsi/5t devices t 7 int5d$ to be worn ^u helms4 ,&1 z x is sc>cely necess>y = me to add1 e really consi/5t ,cre/ %\ld be su* a figure or device z might be actually worn ^u 8 helm1 by a m$ival knight1 ) dignity & ) a happy effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #chb4--,seal ( ,william de ,wyndesor4 ,e>ly examples ( ,pana*e-,cre/s exi/ 9 consid]able numb]s1 & !y %[ mu* v>iety ( treatm5t4 ,no4 #bhe1 already giv5 at page #adb1 %[s a ,pana*e ( sev]al heights ( fea!rs1 ! g5]al outl9e hav+ an oval cont\r4 ,9 ,no4 #bhc1 f ! ,seal ( ,,edw>d ,,de ,,c\rt5ay1 ,e>l ( ,,devon1 ,a4,d4 #acgb1 !re are ?ree heights ( fea!rs1 & ! outl9e has a squ>e =m4 ,aga91 ! ,seal ( ,,william ,,le ,,latim]1 ,a4,d4 #adae1 gives ! peculi> ,pana*e1 ) ! no less peculi> v>iety ( mantl+1 %[n 9 ,no4 #bhd4 ,a ,pana*e ( ample proportions1 & ( exce$+ly graceful =m1 is repres5t$ 9 ! ,seal ( ,,william ,,de ,,wyndesor1 ,a4,d4 #acha4 ,! comp>atively small size ( ! armorial ,%ield1 z x g5]ally appe>s :5 introduc$ into ! composition ( ,seals 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 is %[n 9 a /rik+ mann] 9 ?is same example1 ,no4 #chb1 :i* 9 ! woodcut is slightly enl>g$1 9 ord] to %[ ! device m cle>ly3 ! arms are--,gu41 a saltire or4 ,o!r f9e examples ( ,pana*e-,cre/s may be se5 9 ! effigies ( ,sir ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,pembridge1 ,k4,g41 ,a4,d4 #acge1 9 ,h]e=d ,ca!dral2 ( ,sir ,,rob]t ,,de ,,m>mion1 ,a4,d4 #adjj1 at ,tanfield1 ,york%ire2 & ( ,sir ,,?omas ,,ard]ne1 ab\t ! same date1 at ,el=d1 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,! v f9e effigy ( ,sir ,,edw>d ,,de ,,?orpe1 ,a4,d4 #adah1 at ,a%wel?orpe1 9 ,norfolk1 has a helm ( r>e beauty ( =m1 ) a ri* mantl+1 & a mo/ graceful ,pana*e ( peacock's fea!rs2 & peacock's fea!rs also =m ! ,pana*e ( ,"l ,,f]r]s ( ,,*>tley1 9 8 ,brass1 ,a4,d4 #adbe1 at ,m]evale1 9 ,w>wick%ire4 ,&1 once m1 ^u ! ,seal ( ,,?omas ,,de ,,hatfield1 ,bi%op ( ,durham1 ,a4,d4 #acde1 ! ,pana*e rises f ! episcopal mitre1 aft] ! same mann] z x does 9 ,no4 #chc f a ,coronet4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #chc4--;,cre/ ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,grey1 ,k4,g41 ,a4,d4 #adbj4 ,ano!r episcopal ,seal1 t ( ,bi%op ,,h5ry ,,le ,,desp5c]1 ,no4 #cea1 %[s a ,%ield ( small size :5 comp>$ ) ! helm & cre/1 ! latt] be+ ! fav\rite device ( a gryphon's head betwe5 two tall upright w+s4 ,! ,seals ( ! ,,fitzalans1 ,e>ls ( ,arundel1 & ! ,seal ( ,,john ,,tipt(t1 ,e>l ( ,worce/]1 may be specifi$ z display+ f9e examples ( ! same ,cre/4 ,) !m may be gr\p$ ! ,cre/ ( ,sir ,,ri*>d ,,grey1 ,k4,g41 ,"l ,grey ( ,codnor1 ,a4,d4 #adbj--;,a peacock's head & neck1 betwe5 two w+s erect1 ! fea!rs az41 & _! p5s 7quills7 arg41 ,no4 #chc1 f ! ,g>t]-plate at ,w9dsor4 ,?is ,cre/ rises f su* a ,cre/-,coronet z 0 borne on _! helms by noblem5 9 ! "t ( ,,h5ry ,v4 ,! use ( ! ,*apeau1 or ,cap ( ,e/ate1 in/ead ( a ,cre/-,coronet1 to support a ,cre/ ^u a helm1 ,i h already illu/rat$ ) ,nos4 #aih & #aii1 sev]ally ! ,lion-,cre/s ( ! ,,black ,,pr9ce & ( 8 son ,,ri*>d ,,ii4 ,l ,no4 #aii1 ,no4 #chd is f "o ( ! unrivall$ s]ies ( helms sculptur$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,hall1 ) ! ,cre/ & ,o/ri*-fea!r ,badge ( ,k+ ,,ri*>d ,,ii4 ,9 bo? ( ^! examples ! adju/m5t ( ! ,mantl+ is %[n4 ,two fam\s ,lion-,cre/s are ^? borne by ! great families ( ,,h[>d & ,,p]cy1 sev]ally ,dukes ( ,norfolk & ,nor?umb]l&4 ,! ,,h[>d lion1 orig9ally grant$ by ,,ri*>d ,,ii4 to ,,?omas ,,m[bray1 ,e>l ,m>%al1 & n[ borne by ! ,duke ( ,,norfolk1 is a lion /atant gu>dant1 8 tail ext5d$ or1 & ducally gorg$ arg43 ! ,,p]cy lion is /atant1 8 tail ext5d$ or3 ea* lion /&s ^u a *apeau4 ,! ,lion-,cre/ ( ! ,,black ,,pr9ce1 be+ *>g$ ) ! silv] ,label 7:i* he may be said to we> aft] ! fa%ion ( a coll>71 exemplifies ! prevail+ practice ( diff]5c+ ,cre/s ) m>ks ( ,cad5cy4 ,cre/s admit e v>iety ( ,diff]5ce3 & ,mantl+s also are frequ5tly diff]5c$ ) small *>ges1 or ) badges2 z 9 ! ,g>t]-plate ( ,sir ,,john ,,beaumont1 ,k4,g41 & 9 ! ,brass at ,little ,ea/on1 ,essex1 to ,sir ,,h5ry ,,b\r*i]1 ,k4,g41 ,e>l ( ,,essex4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #chd4--;,helm1 ,cre/1 ,mantl+1 & ,badge ( ,ri*>d ,,ii41 f ,we/m9/] ,hall4 ,! ,cre/-,wrea? fir/ appe>s ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! e>lie/ example to :i* ,i c ref] is repres5t$ 9 ! ,brass to ,sir ,,hugh ,,ha/+s1 at ,elsyng1 9 ,norfolk1 ,a4,d4 #acdg4 ,9 ?is mo/ rem>kable engrav5 memorial1 ! f9ial ( ! pr9cipal canopy is surm\nt$ by a helm ) mantl+1 wrea?1 & ! cre/ ( ,,ha/+s--a bull's head sable2 ,no4 #che4 ,9 ! effigy ( ,sir ,r4 ,,de ,,pembridge1 ,k4,g41 already notic$1 ! date ( :i* is #acge1 ! cre/ is unit$ to ! great helm t supports ! head ( ! knight by a wrea? =m$ ( a b& ( f\r-leav$ fl[]s4 ,a little lat]1 ,a4,d4 #achd1 at ,s\?acre1 9 ,norfolk1 ! ,brass ( ,sir ,,john ,,h>syck has a ,cre/-,wrea? =m$ ( two rolls1 probably ( silk1 twi/$ z 9 ,no4 #chf4 ,9 ! second half ( ! next c5tury1 among/ _m good examples ( ,cre/-,wrea?s ,i select z typical specim5s ^? :i* appe> 9 ! ,brasses to ,sir ,,william ,,v]non1 ,a4,d4 #adfg1 at ,tong1 9 ,%rop%ire1 ,no4 #chf2 & to ,sir ,,rob]t ,,h>c\rt1 ,k4,g41 ,no4 #chg1 at ,/aunton ,h>c\rt1 ,ox=d%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #che4--;,cre/$ ,helm ( ,sir ,hugh ,ha/+s2 ,a4,d4 #acdg4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #chf1 #chg1 & #chh4--;,cre/-,wrea?s4 ,! ,cre/-,wrea? 9 ! =m %[n 9 ! la/ examples1 & n[ almo/ univ]sally us$ 9 repres5tations ( su* ,cre/s z are )\t ! ,cre/-,coronet & ! ,*apeau1 may fairly be consid]$ to h be5 d]iv$ f ! ri* ornam5tation1 g5]ally1 z x w\ld seem1 =m$ ( co/ly textile fabrics1 if n execut$ 9 jewell$ or enamell$ goldsmi?'s "w1 t 0 frequ5tly wrea!d ab\t knightly bas9ets4 ,^! wrea?-l ornam5ts are repres5t$ 9 num]\s effigies bo? sculptur$ & engrav52 & !y are %[n to h be5 worn ei!r flat1 z 9 ,no4 #chh1 or wr\ght to high relief1 z 9 ,no4 #chi4 ,^! two examples are sev]ally f ! effigies ( a knight 9 ,tewkesbury ,abbey ,*ur*1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #acfe1 & ( ,sir ,,humphrey ,,/af=d1 ,a4,d4 #adej1 at ,bromsgrove1 9 ,worce/]%ire4 ,! enamell$ effigy ( ,e>l ,,william ,,de ,,valanece1 ,a4,d4 #abif1 at ,we/m9/]1 has a wrea? ( delicate workman%ip 9 relief1 :i* once 0 set ) real or imitative jewels4 ,= _m ye>s aft] _! fir/ appe>ance1 h]aldic ,cre/s 7 reg>d$ z insignia ( great dignity & exalt$ e/ate2 & x 0 n till a consid]ably lat] p]iod t ! "r to be> a ,cre/ came to be reg>d$ z an adjunct ( ! "r to be> arms4 ,/ill lat]1 :5 !y 7 grant$ ) ,coat-,arm\r to corporate bodies1 communities1 & in/itutions1 ,cre/s altoge!r lo/ _! orig9al significance2 & !y became1 9 _! use1 ,badges 9 ev]y?+ except ! habit ( plac+ !m1 ) _! accessories ( ,wrea? or ,cre/-,coronet1 ( ,*apeau & ,mantl+1 ^u repres5tations ( helms4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #chi4--;,bas9et ) ,cre/-,wrea?1 ,effigy ( ,sir ,humphrey ,/af=d1 ,a4,d4 #adej4 ,:5 !y 7 actually worn1 ,cre/s 7 und\bt$ly con/ruct$ ( "s v light mat]ials4 ,x is probable t cuir b\illi 7boil$ lea!r71 ! decorative capabilities ( :i* 7 s well und]/ood by m$ival arti/s1 0 g5]ally employ$4 ,x has be5 sometimes held t ,cre/s are p]sonal be>+s only2 &1 !re=e1 n h]$it>y1 ?\gh capable ( be+ bequea!d or grant$ by _! possessors4 ,?is !ory is n su/a9$ by e>ly or g5]al usage2 &1 accord+ly1 ,cre/s mu/ be pron\nc$ to be h]$it>y1 z is ,coat-,arm\r4 ,x is evid5t t z "o p]son may inh]it1 & !re=e may qu>t]1 two or m ,coats ( ,arms1 s ! same p]son might claim to be> two or m ,cre/s by a simil> "r ( inh]itance4 ,?is 9 e>ly times result$ 9 selection because no e>ly ,briti% prec$5t exi/s = ! simultane\s display ( two ,cre/s4 ,b x 0 soon recognis$ t z no woman c\ld be> a ,cre/1 %e ought n to transmit "o1 & ! idea ( ! inh]itance ( ! ,cre/ ) a qu>t]+ f a female ance/ress ceas$4 ,at ! pres5t day1 sev]al ,cre/s1 ea* ) its own helm & mantl+1 are occasionally repres5t$ above a ,%ield ( arms3 b1 9 ,engl&1 by /rict h]aldic rule1 two 7or m ?an two7 ,cre/s c be borne by "o individual1 only :5 he has obta9$ ! ,royal lic5ce to be> & use ! ,surname & ,arms ( ano!r family 9 addition to ^? ( 8 own family1 or1 by a special grant f ! ,cr[n4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,badges ,might ,i b "k !e by ?y h\sehold ,badge6 --,,%akespe>e1 ,h5ry ,,vi41 ,"p #b4 ,a ,,badge1 l a ,coat ( ,arms1 is an armorial ensign t is complete 9 itself1 & possesses a def9ite signification ( its own4 ,9 use ) a decid$ h]aldic significance long be=e ! adoption ( sy/ematic ,h]aldry1 ,badges h always held a conspicu\s position 9 ! e/imation ( ,h]alds4 ,a ,badge resembles any s+le *>ge 9 ,h]aldry1 9 be+ a figure or device t is assum$ z ! di/9ctive cognisance ( a p>ticul> individual or family3 b1 unlike a *>ge1 x may be borne by itself1 )\t any ,%ield1 & also )\t any accompany+ accessory1 ) ! exception1 9 "s in/ances1 ( a ,motto 7,see ,motto1 p4 #ach74 ,badges1 h[ev]1 are f\nd depict$ on r\ndels ( ! liv]y1 & ^u ,/&>ds1 & = decorative purposes are (t5 depict$ ^u mantl+s4 ,x w be evid5t t a ,badge may be ! v same figure or device z a ,cre/2 b1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t a ,badge always diff]s f a ,cre/1 9 usually be+ altoge!r )\t cre/-wrea? or coronet1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ no connection :atev] ) ! knightly helm4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a p]iod 9 :i* ! ,badge 0 mu* confus$ ) ! ,cre/1 :i* has result$ 9 _m devices :i* are really ,cre/s be+ (ficially record$ z ,badges4 ,aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( a true ,h]aldry1 ,badges 7 g5]ally us$ to commemorate rem>kable exploits1 or 9 ref]5ce ei!r to "s family or feudal alliance1 or to indicate "s t]ritorial rights or pret5sions4 ,v _m ,badges are allusive1 & consequ5tly !y are ,rebuses 7see ,rebus1 p4 #adf74 ,"s are tak5 f ! *>ges ( ! be>]'s ,%ield1 or !y h a m or less direct ref]5ce to ^? *>ges4 ,"s trace ( ,m>%all+ or ( feudal ,diff]5ce may con/antly be obs]v$ 9 ,badges2 & ev5 :]e ! motive = ! selection ( c]ta9 devices has n be5 discov]$1 x may fairly be assum$ t a good h]aldic motive /ill exi/s1 al?\gh x has become obscur$ or be5 =gott54 ,x 0 n uncommon = ! same p]sonage or family to use m ?an "o ,badge2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 two or m ,badges 7 (t5 borne 9 comb9ation1 to =m a s+le comp\nd device1 z 9 ,nos4 #bce & #bgj4 ,! ragg$ /aff1 9 l mann]1 ,no4 #bid1 & ! be>1 bo? ( !m ,badges ( ! ,,beau*amps1 ,e>ls ( ,,w>wick1 7 sometimes unit$ to =m a s+le ,badge1 & by ! successors ( t great family ! be> & ragg$ /aff 7 g5]ally borne z a s+le device4 7,see ,no4 #ddh1 & p4 #cai47 ,two di/9ct classes ( ,badges 7 9 g5]al use 9 ! f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 & sixte5? c5turies4 ,^? ( ! fir/ class1 well kn[n z ! insignia ( c]ta9 em95t p]sonages & p[]ful h\ses1 7 borne by all ! foll[]s1 reta9]s1 dep5dants1 & p>tisans ( ^? p]sonages & h\ses3 & !y 7 s borne by !m1 & !y 7 us$ by _! own]s = e v>iety ( decorative purpose1 because !y 7 kn[n & und]/ood2 &1 consequ5tly1 because ! pres5ce ( ^! ,badges w\ld cause all p]sons & objects be>+ !m to be readily & c]ta9ly di/+ui%$4 ,by means ( ^! mo/ useful devices a wide & compreh5sive range 0 giv5 to ! action & ! influ5ce ( true ,h]aldry1 )\t infr++ 9 ! slighte/ degree ^u ! l(ty & almo/ sacr$ exclusiv5ess ( ! ,coat-,arm\r ( a noble or a g5tle h\se4 ,9 ! words :i* ,,%akespe>e tea*es ,,clif=d to address to ,,w>wick1 ,might ,i b "k !e by ?y h\sehold ,badge6 x is impli$ t all ! foll[]s ( ,w>wick 7 well kn[n by 8 h\sehold ,badge1 :i* 0 display$ by !m all1 :ile "s o!r insignia 7 worn by ! great ,e>l ^u 8 own p]son4 ,mr4 ,l[] has rem>k$ 7,curiosities ( ,h]aldry1 p4 #ade7 t some?+ analog\s to ! fa%ion ( embroid]+ ! h\sehold ,badges ( _! lords ^u ! sleeves or brea/s ( ! dep5dants ( great families 9 ! old5 times1 is reta9$ 9 ! ,cre/ :i* adorns ! buttons ( our dome/ic s]vants4 ,! accompli%$ writ] might h add$ t1 9 ?us employ+ ,cre/s to dis*>ge ,badge-duties1 we are cont5t to indulge a love = h]aldic display )\t obs]v+ becom+ h]aldic di/9ctions4 ,cre/$ liv]y buttons are h]aldic anomalies "u all circum/ances--ev5 ! head ( a h\se himself1 if he 7 a ,h]ald1 w\ld n display 8 ,cre/1 z a ,cre/1 ^u buttons to be us$ exclusively by himself4 ,cre/s are to be borne on helms1 or repres5t$ z be+ borne on helms3 ,badges are decorative insignia1 & fulfil ) consi/5t significance _! own di/9ct & appropriate functions4 ,badges ( ! second class 7 devices t 7 borne exclusively by ! exalt$ p]sonages :o 7 pleas$ to assume !m1 (t5 = tempor>y use only1 & g5]ally ) "s subtle or lat5t significance1 :i* _h be5 /udi\sly r5d]$ difficult to be detect$1 & dubi\s 9 its application4 ,^! ,badges1 ?us display$ r to effect disguise or to excite curiosity ?an to secure recognition1 mu/ be reg>d$ = ! mo/ "p z ! expressions ( h]aldic revelry--z ! fantasies & ecc5tricities ( an age1 :i* lov$ to comb9e qua9t conceits & symbolical allusions ) ! display ( gorge\s magnific5ce4 ,accord+ly1 ,badges ( ?is ord] are f\nd g5]ally to h be5 assum$ on ! occasion ( ! j\/s or ,ha/iludes1 ! masques1 & o!r pageants t 9 feudal times 7 celebrat$ ) s mu* ( elaborate & brilliant spl5d\r4 ,! adoption ( ,badges ( ?is peculi> "* is exactly 9 keep+ ) ! s5tim5t :i* prompt$ m5 ( exalt$ rank & em95t di/9ction to appe> 9 public1 on occasions ( high fe/ivity1 be>+ ! arms ( "s fri5d1 k9sman1 or ally1 in/ead ( _! own4 ,a m>k ( especial fav\r & ( peculi> di/9ction w\ld be conf]r$1 :5 a ,sov]eign or a ,pr9ce ?us w\ld display ^u 8 own p]son ! armory ( "s hon\r$ subject or comrade4 ,,edw>d ,,iii4 delight$ ?us to hon\r ! mo/ di/+ui%$ cavali]s ( 8 *ivalr\s ,c\rt4 ,= example1 9 or ab\t ! ye> #acdg1 royal ,ha/iludes 7 celebrat$ at ,li*field ) great spl5d\r1 ! j\/]s consi/+ ( ! ,,k+ & sev5te5 ,knights1 & ! ,e>l ( ,,lanca/] & ?irte5 ,knights4 ,a conspicu\s "p 0 tak5 9 ^! fe/ivities by ! ,k+'s daught] ,,isabelle1 aft]w>ds ,c\ntess ( ,,b$=d1 & by six ,ladies ( high rank1 ) tw5ty-"o o!r ,ladies1 :o all wore blue dresses & :ite hoods ( ! same mat]ials z well z ! same col\rs z ! robes ( ! ,knights1 toge!r ) v>i\s masks or vizors4 ,on ?is occasion1 ! ,,k+ himself ov] 8 arm\r wore a surcoat ) ! ,arms ( ,sir ,,?omas ,,de ,,brade/one4 ,^! ,arms 9 a ,roll ( ,,edw>d ,,iii4 are blazon$ z--,arg41 on a canton gu4 a rose or 7see ,ar*ologia1 xxxi41 pp4 #dj & #aah74 ,on ano!r occasion1 dur+ ,ha/iludes at ,cant]bury1 ,,edw>d ,,iii4 is said to h giv5 eight h>nesses1 work$ ) ! arms ( ,sir ,,/eph5 ,,de ,,cosynton 7az41 ?ree roses arg471 to ! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales1 ! ,e>l ( ,,lanca/]1 & six o!r ,knights4 ,9 ! same _s1 ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,beau*amp1 ,e>l ( ,,w>wick1 at a great fe/ival ( arms held at ,calais "u 8 presid5cy1 on ! fir/ day ent]$ ! li/s decorat$ ) ! arms ( 8 ance/or ! ,"l ,,toney3 on ! second day1 he wore ! arms ( ,hanslap3 &1 on ! ?ird day1 he appe>$ z ! ,e>l ( ,,w>wick1 qu>t]+ ,beau*amp1 ,guy1 ,hanslap1 & ,toney1 on 8 trapp+s2 8 vizor op51 & ! *aplet on 8 helm enri*$ ) pe>ls & preci\s /ones4 ,9 su* times1 ,badges ( curi\s device & occult signification c\ld n fail to enjoy a popul>ity1 n ! less decid$ because ( ! re/rict$ use & exclusive "* ( ! ,badges !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cij4--,secretum ( ,rob]t ,bruce1 ,e>l ( ,c>rick2 ,a4,d4 #abif4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cia4--,seal ( ,sir ,walt] de ,hung]=d1 ,k4,g42 ,a4,d4 #adbe4 ,,examples ,,( ,,badges1 su* z are di/9ctive1 & consequ5tly ( ! class t ,i h fir/ describ$4 ,! ,badges ( ,,p]cy are a silv] cresc5t & a d\ble manacle3 ( ,,h[>d1 a :ite lion3 ,,pelham1 a buckle3 ,,d\glas1 a r$ he>t3 ,,scrope1 a ,corni% *\gh3 ,,cl9ton1 a gold5 mullet3 ,,talbot1 a h\nd3 ,,bohun1 a :ite swan3 ,,hung]=d1 a sickle3 ,,pev]el1 a g>b3 ,,/\rton1 a gold5 drag or sl$ge4 ,! v>i\s ,knots1 describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ,*apt] ,x41 ,nos4 #bai1 #bce1 #bfc1 #bgj1 #bgd1 #cjd1 & #cac1 are ,badges4 ,! be> & ragg$ /aff ( ! ,,beau*amps1 &1 aft] !m1 ( ! ,,nevilles & ,,dudleys1 ,i h already notic$4 ,seals frequ5tly h ,badges introduc$ ^u !m1 9 v e>ly times1 by !mselves1 ! ,badge 9 ea* case con/itut+ ! device ( ! ,seal 7see p4 #aic74 ,! ,secretum or private ,seal ( ,,rob]t ,,bruce1 ,e>l ( ,,c>rick1 ! fa!r ( ! ,k+1 app5d$ to ! homage-de$ extort$ by ,,edw>d ,i4 f ! ,scotti% nobles1 is a good example1 ,no4 #cij3 ?is is ano!r ( ,mr4 ,la+'s beautiful woodcuts4 ,badges also con/antly appe> ^u ,seals 9 association ) ,%ields ( arms4 ,?us1 a ,seal ( "o ( ! ,,b]keleys1 ,a4,d4 #adcj1 has a m]maid on ea* side ( an armorial %ield4 ,two o!r examples ( ?is k9d ,i h already giv53 ,no4 #cah1 ! ,seal ( ,,joan ,,de ,,b>re1 :i* is *>g$ ) ! ca/le & lion ( ,ca/ile & ,leon1 z ,badges3 & ,no4 #cba1 ! ,seal ( ,,oliv] ,,de ,,bohun1 *>g$1 ab\t ! ,%ield1 ) ! ,bohun ,swan4 ,on 8 ,seal1 ,no4 #cia1 ,sir ,,walt] ,,de ,,hung]=d1 ,k4,g41 ,"l ( ,,heytesbury & ,,homet 7! latt] a ,norman b>ony71 displays 8 own ,badge1 ! sickle1 9 happy alliance ) ! g>b ( ,pev]el 7borne by him 9 "r ( 8 wife1 ,,ca!r9e1 daught] & co-heir ( ,,?omas ,,pev]el71 to =m 8 ,cre/4 ,! ,cre/1 x w be obs]v$1 9 ,no4 #cia1 is a g>b betwe5 two sickles4 ,! ,%ield ( ,hung]=d only--sa4 two b>s arg41 & 9 *ief ?ree plates1 is also plac$ betwe5 two sickles4 ,two bann]s1 d5ot+ important alliances1 complete ! ,h]aldry ( ?is rem>kable composition3 ! bann] to ! dext]1 = ,heytesbury1 be>s--p] pale ind5t$ gu4 & v]t41 a *evron or2 & t to ! s9i/]1 = ,hussy--b>ry ( six erm4 & gu4 ,"l ,,hung]=d di$ 9 #addi1 & 0 succe$$ by 8 elde/ surviv+ son1 ,sir ,,rob]t ,,de ,,hung]=d4 ,! ,seal ( ?is ,sir ,rob]t1 us$ by him dur+ ! lifetime ( 8 fa!r1 precisely ! same 9 its h]aldic composition z 8 fa!r's ,seal1 is rem>kable f hav+ ea* ( its f\r sickles diff]5c$ ) an erm9e-spot ^u ! blade1 to m>k ,cad5cy2 & also1 ) ! same motive1 x %[s t a label ( ?ree po9ts 0 *>g$ ^u ! ,%ield1 & ^u ea* ( ! two bann]s2 ,no4 #cib4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cib4--,seal ( ,sir ,rob]t de ,hung]=d3 be=e ,a4,d4 #addi4 ,?r\gh an alliance ) ! ,hung]=ds1 sickles 7 borne1 z "o ( _! ,badges1 by ! great family ( ,,c\rt5ay4 ,!y appe>1 ) a dolph91 a tau cross1 & ?is same tau-cross hav+ a bell atta*$ to x1 z 9 ,no4 #cic1 sculptur$ on ! f9e h]aldic *imney-piece1 ! "w ( ,bi%op ,,pet] ,,de ,,c\rt5ay 7di$ 9 #adib71 n[ 9 ! hall ( ! ,episcopal ,palace at ,exet]4 ,! ,,badges ( our e>ly ,h]aldry are comp>atively b little und]/ood4 ,!y invite ! p>ticul> att5tion ( /ud5ts1 bo? f _! own special int]e/1 & ! light !y are qualifi$ to ?r[ ^u ! p]sonal hi/ory ( ! ,engli% p1 & also f _! peculi> applicability = use by ourselves at ! pres5t day4 ,inde$1 at ?is "t1 :5 ! revival ( true ,h]aldry is 9 ! act ( be+ accompli%$ ) complete success1 x appe>s to be peculi>ly desirable t ,badges %\ld be br\ght into g5]al use4 ,x is n en\gh = u to revive our old ,engli% ,h]aldry z once 9 ! old5 "t x fl\ri%$ 9 ,engl&1 & to re/ cont5t ) su* a revival3 b we mu/ g on to adapt our reviv$ ,h]aldry1 9 its own _s & 9 full sympa?y ) its g5u9e feel+1 to conditions ( our age & ( ! /ate ( ?+s n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,& v mu* may be done to effect ?is by ! adoption ( ,badges1 z our fav\rite & mo/ expressive h]aldic insignia1 bo? 9 connection ) ,coat-,arm\r & = indep5d5t display4 ,unlike ,cre/s1 :i* mu/ necess>ily be associat$ ) helms & ! we>]s ( helms1 & consequ5tly h bo? a milit>y & a m$ival "*1 ,badges are equally appropriate = use by ,ladies1 z well z by m5 ( e pr(ession1 & !y belong alike to e age & p]iod4 ,?is has be5 recognis$ (ficially1 to ! ext5t t ! (fic]s ( arms h n[ rev]t$ to ! anci5t practice ( grant+ & confirm+ badges & ,/&>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cic4--;,a ,c\rt5ay ,badge1 at ,exet]4 ,,royal ,,badges4--,i conclude ?is *apt] ) a concise li/ ( ! m important ( ! ,badges t h be5 borne by ! ,sov]eigns & ,pr9ces ( ,engl&2 & ) "s g5]al rem>ks ^u ! fam\s ,badge ( ! ,o/ri* ,fea!rs1 n[ consid]$ to be exclusively ! ,ensign ( ! ,,pr9ces ,,( ,,wales1 n z su*1 b z ! heirs-app>5t to ! ,?rone4 ,! ,planta-g5i/a1 or ,broom-plant1 ,no4 #ba1 is well kn[n z an ,engli% ,royal ,badge1 f ! surname d]iv$ f x = "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! ,royal ,h\ses t ev] h fl\ri%$ 9 ,europe4 ,z well kn[n are ! ,rose1 ,?i/le1 & ,%amrock1 sev]ally ! ,badges ( ! ?ree realms ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,,engl&1 ,,scotl&1 & ,,irel&4 ,a gold5 ,rose /alk$ prop] 0 a badge ( ,,edw>d ,i43 & f x app>5tly 7 d]iv$1 b by :at process x is unkn[n1 ! ,:ite ,rose ( ,,york1 ! ,r$ ,rose ( ,,lanca/]1 & ! ,:ite & ,r$ ,rose ( ! ,h\se ( ,,tudor4 ,,william ,,rufus3 ,a ,fl[] ( five foils4 ,,h5ry ,i43 ,a ,fl[] ( eight foils4 ,,/eph53 ,a ,fl[] ( sev5 foils3 a ,sagitt>ius4 ,,h5ry ,,ii43 ,! ,planta-g5i/a3 an ,esc>buncle3 a ,sword & ,olive-,bran*4 ,,ri*>d ,i43 ,a ,/> ( ?irte5 rays & a ,cresc5t3 a ,/> issu+ f a ,cresc5t3 a ,mail$ ,arm grasp+ a brok5 ,lance1 ) ! ,motto--,*ri/o ,duce4 ,,john & ,,h5ry ,,iii43 ,a ,/> issu+ f a ,cresc5t4 ,,edw>d ,i43 ,an h]aldic ,rose or1 /alk$ ppr4 ,,edw>d ,,ii43 ,a ,ca/le ( ,ca/ile4 ,,edw>d ,,iii43 ,a ,fleur de lys3 a ,sword3 a ,falcon3 a ,gryphon3 ! ,/ock ( a ,tree3 ,rays issu+ f a ,cl\d4 ,,ri*>d ,,ii43 ,a ,:ite ,h>t lodg$3 ! ,/ock ( a ,tree3 ,a ,:ite ,falcon3 ! ,sun 9 spl5d\r3 ! ,sun cl\d$4 ,,h5ry ,,iv43 ,! ,cyph] ,,ss3 a cr[n$ ,eagle3 an ,eagle display$3 a ,:ite ,swan3 ,a ,r$ ,rose3 a ,columb9e ,fl[]3 ,a ,fox's ,tail3 a cr[n$ ,pan!r3 ! ,/ock ( a ,tree3 a ,cresc5t4 ,8 ,,que51 ,,joan ,,( ,,nav>re3 ,an ,erm9e1 or ,g5net4 ,,h5ry ,v43 ,a ,fire-beacon3 a ,:ite ,swan gorg$ & *a9$3 a *a9$ ,antelope4 ,,h5ry ,,vi43 ,two ,o/ri* ,fea!rs 9 ,saltire3 a *a9$ ,antelope3 a ,pan!r4 ,,edw>d ,,iv43 ,a ,:ite ,rose en ,soleil3 a ,:ite ,wolf & ,:ite ,lion3 a ,:ite ,h>t3 a ,black ,dragon & ,black ,bull3 a ,falcon & ,fett]-lock3 ! ,sun 9 spl5d\r4 ,,h5ry ,,vii43 ,a ,rose ( ,york & ,lanca/]1 a ,portcullis & a ,fleur de lys1 all ( !m cr[n$3 a ,r$ ,dragon3 a ,:ite ,greyh\nd3 a ,haw?orn ,bu% & ,cr[n1 ) ! cyph] ,h4,r4 ,,h5ry ,,viii43 ,! same1 )\t ! ,haw?orn ,bu%1 & ) a ,:ite ,cock4 ,8 ,,que5s3 ,,ca!r9e ,,( ,,aragon--,a ,rose1 ,pomegranate1 & ,%eaf ( ,arr[s4 ,,anne ,,boleyn--,a ,cr[n$ ,falcon1 hold+ a ,sceptre4 ,,jane ,,seym\r--,a ,pho5ix ris+ f a ,ca/le1 betwe5 ,two ,tudor ,roses4 ,,ca!r9e ,,p>r--,a ,maid5's ,head cr[n$1 ris+ f a l>ge ,tudor ,rose4 ,,edw>d ,,vi43 ,a ,tudor ,rose3 ! ,sun 9 spl5d\r4 ,,m>y3 ,a ,tudor ,rose impal+ a ,pomegranate--also impal+ a ,%eaf ( ,arr[s1 ensign$ ) a ,cr[n1 & surr\nd$ ) rays3 a ,pomegranate4 ,,elizabe?3 ,a ,tudor ,rose ) ! motto1 ,rosa s9e ,sp9 7a ,rose )\t a ,?orn73 a ,cr[n$ ,falcon & ,sceptre4 ,%e us$ z h] own motto--,semp] ,eadem 7,always ! same74 ,,james ,i43 ,a ,?i/le3 a ,?i/le & ,rose dimidiat$ & cr[n$1 ,no4 #cjh1 ) ! motto--,beati ,pacifici 7,bless$ are ! peacemak]s74 ,,*>les ,i41 ,,*>les ,,ii41 ,,james ,,ii43 ,! same ,badge z ,,james ,i41 )\t 8 motto4 ,,anne3 ,a ,rose-,bran* & a ,?i/le gr[+ f "o bran*4 ,f ?is "t di/9ctive p]sonal ,badges ceas$ to be borne by ,engli% ,sov]eigns4 ,b v>i\s badges h become /]eotyp$ & n[ =m a con/itu5t "p ( ! ,royal ,arms1 & w be f\nd recit$ lat] 9 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,! ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge4 ,! popul> tradition1 t ! fam\s ,badge ( ! ,o/ri* ,fea!rs 0 won f ! bl9d ,,k+ ,,( ,,bohemia at ,cressi by ! ,,black ,,pr9ce1 & by him aft]w>ds borne z an h]aldic trophy1 is n support$ by any contempor>y au?ority4 ,! e>lie/ writ] by :om ! tradition itself is record$ is ,,camd5 7,a4,d4 #afad71 & 8 /atem5t is confirm$ by no kn[n hi/orical evid5ce ( a date e>li] ?an 8 own "w4 ,z ,sir ,n4 ,,h>ris ,,ni*olas has %[n 9 a mo/ able pap] 9 ! ,ar*ologia 7vol4 xxxi4 pp4 #cej-chd71 ! fir/ "t ! ,fea!rs are m5tion$ 9 any record is 9 a docum5t1 ! date ( :i* mu/ h be5 aft] #acfi1 & :i* conta9s li/s ( plate belong+ to ! ,k+ himself1 & also to ,que5 ,,phillipa4 ,x is p>ticul>ly to be obs]v$1 t all ! pieces ( plate specifi$ 9 ?is roll z ! p]sonal prop]ty ( ! ,que51 if m>k$ ) any device at all1 are m>k$ ) h] own initial1 or ) "s h]aldic insignia t h a direct ref]5ce to h]self4 ,"o ( ^! pieces ( plate is describ$ z a l>ge di% = ! alms ( ! ,que51 ( silv] gilt1 & enamell$ at ! bottom ) a black escut*eon ) ,o/ri* ,fea!rs--eym 9 fund vno scu* nigro cum p5nis de o/ri*4 ,& ^! ,o/ri* ,fea!rs1 ?us blazon$ on a sable field ^u ! silv] alms-di% ( ,que5 ,,philippa1 ,sir ,n4 ,h4 ,ni*olas believ$ to h be5 borne by ! ,que5 z a daught] ( ! ,h\se ( ,,ha9ault2 & he sugge/$ t ^! same ,o/ri* ,fea!rs might possibly h be5 assum$ by ! ,c\nts ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,ha9ault f ! ,comt ( ,o/revant1 :i* =m$ ! appanage ( _! elde/ sons4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cid4--;,at ,worce/] ,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cie4--;,at ,pet]bor\gh ,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cif4--;,at ,pet]bor\gh ,ca!dral4 ,at ! fir/1 ei!r a s+le ,fea!r 0 borne1 ! quill g5]ally transfix+ an escroll1 z 9 ,no4 #cid1 f ! monum5t ( ,pr9ce ,,ar?ur ,,tudor1 9 ,worce/] ,ca!dral2 or1 two ,fea!rs 7 plac$ side by side1 z !y also appe> ^u ! same monum5t4 ,9 ,seals1 or :5 m>%all$ ) a ,%ield ( ,arms1 two ,fea!rs are se5 to h be5 plac$ aft] ! mann] ( ,support]s1 "o on ea* side ( ! composition3 9 su* examples ! tips ( ! ,fea!rs droop sev]ally to ! dext] & s9i/]3 9 all ! e>ly examples also ! ,fea!rs droop 9 ! same mann]1 or !y incl9e slightly t[>ds ! spectator4 ,?ree ,fea!rs 7 fir/ gr\p$ toge!r by ,,ar?ur ,,tudor1 ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales1 elde/ son ( ,,h5ry ,,vii41 z 9 ,nos4 #cie & #cif1 f ,pet]bor\gh ,ca!dral2 or ) an escroll1 z 9 ,no4 #cig1 f a mis]]e 9 ! f9e & int]e/+ *ur* at ,ludl[4 ,! plume ( ?ree ,fea!rs appe>s to h be5 encircl$ ) a coronet1 = ! fir/ "t1 by ,pr9ce ,,edw>d1 aft]w>ds ,,edw>d ,,vi41 b :o nev] 0 ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales3 ,no4 #cih1 c>v$ v boldly ov] ! entrance gateway to ! ,dean]y at ,pet]bor\gh1 is a good e>ly example4 ,9 ,no4 #cii ,i give a repres5tation ( ano!r e>ly plume ( ?ree ,o/ri* ,fea!rs1 z !y are c>v$1 ) an escroll 9 place ( a coronet1 ^u ! ,*antry ( ,abbot ,,ramryge 9 ! ,abbey ,*ur* at ,/4 ,albans3 & aga91 9 ,no4 #djj1 f ! head ( a w9d[ ne> ! ea/ end ( ! *oir1 on ! s\? side1 9 ,exet] ,ca!dral1 ! ?ree ,fea!rs are *>g$ ^u a ,%ield p] pale azure & gules1 & ?is ,%ield is on a r\ndle4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cig4--;,9 ,ludl[ ,*ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cih4--,! ,dean]y1 ,pet]bor\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #cii4--;,9 ! ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,alban4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #djj4--;,9 ,exet] ,ca!dral4 ,! ,o/ri* ,fea!rs 7 borne1 z a ,badge ) 8 ,%ield ( ,arms1 ^u "o ,seal ( ,,edw>d ,,iii4 himself3 !y 7 us$1 z an h]aldic device1 ab\t ! ye> #acgj1 by ,,philippa1 8 ,que53 !y appe> on "s1 b n on all1 ! ,seals ( ! ,,black ,,pr9ce1 & !y are omitt$ f "s ( 8 ,seals aft] ! battle ( ,cressi 7,a4,d4 #acdf73 & !y 7 also borne1 g5]ally ) "s slight diff]5ce1 m>k+ ,cad5cy1 9 all probability by all ! o!r sons ( ,,edw>d ,,iii4--c]ta9ly by ,,john ,,( ,,gh5t1 ,duke ( ,,lanca/]1 & by ,,?omas ,,( ,,wood/ock1 ,duke ( ,,gl\ce/]4 ,!y 7 adopt$ by ,,ri*>d ,,ii41 & plac$ on ei!r side ( 8 cre/$ ,helm 9 ! h]aldic sculpture ( ,we/m9/] ,hall1 z appe>s 9 two ( ^! beautiful examples1 ,nos4 #aii & #chd3 by ?is ,pr9ce ! ,o/ri* ,fea!rs 7 plac$ on 8 fir/ ,royal ,seal1 & !y 7 habitually us$ = decoration & h]aldic display2 & !y also 7 =mally grant$ by him1 z a m>k ( especial fav\r1 to be borne z an ,augm5tation ( ! highe/ hon\r1 to 8 c\s9 ,,?omas ,,m[bray1 ,duke ( ,,norfolk4 ,! ,o/ri* ,fea!rs 7 borne1 9 l mann]1 by ! succe$+ ,pr9ces1 bo? ,,lanca/rian & ,,yorki/3 by at lea/ two ( ! ,,beau=ts3 by ! ,pr9ces ( ! ,h\se ( ,,tudor3 & by _! successors ! ,,/u>ts4 ,?us1 x is c]ta9 t ! ,o/ri* ,fea!rs 7 held to be a ,royal ,badge1 f ! "t ( _! fir/ appe>ance 9 ! ,h]aldry ( ,engl& ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 & t 9 t "* !y 7 adopt$ & borne by ! successive ,sov]eigns1 & by ! ,pr9ces1 sometimes also by ! ,pr9cesses 7z 9 ! in/ance ( a ,seal ( ,,m>g>et ,,beau=t1 ! "m ( ,,h5ry ,,vii471 ( ! ,royal ,h\ses1 )\t any o!r di/9ction ?an "s slight m>k ( ,cad5cy1 & )\t ! slighte/ trace ( any peculi> association ) any "o memb] ( ! ,royal ,family4 ,f ! "t ( ! accession ( ! ,h\se ( ,/u>t to ! ,cr[n ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 h[ev]1 ! coronet$ plume ( ?ree ,o/ri* ,fea!rs appe>s to h be5 reg>d$1 z x is at ?is pres5t day1 z ! special ,badge ( ! ,heir to ! ,?rone4 ,9 accordance ) ! express provision ( 8 w1 two armorial ,%ields are display$ ^u ! monum5t ( ! ,,black ,,pr9ce 9 ,cant]bury ,ca!dral1 :i* ,%ields ! ,pr9ce himself di/+ui%es z 8 ,%ields = ,w> & = ,peace2 ! =m] *>g$ ) 8 qu>t]$ arms ( ,france & ,engl& diff]5c$ ) 8 silv] ,label1 ,no4 #ccg2 & ! latt]1 sable1 *>g$ ) ?ree ,o/ri* ,fea!rs arg5t1 _! quills pass+ ?r\gh scrolls be>+ ! ,motto1 ,i* ,di5e ,no4 #dja4 ,! same motto is plac$ ov] ea* ( ! ,%ields t are *>g$ ) ! ,fea!rs1 z 9 ,no4 #dja3 & ov] ea* ,%ield *>g$ ) ! qu>t]$ arms 7!re are on ea* side ( ! tomb six ,%ields1 ?ree ( ! ,arms1 & ?ree ( ! ,fea!rs1 alt]nately7 is ! o!r motto ( ! ,pr9ce1 ,h\m\t4 ,9 8 w1 ! ,,black ,,pr9ce also desir$ t a black ,p5non ) ,o/ri* ,fea!rs %\ld be display$ at 8 ,fun]al2 & he fur!r appo9t$ t 8 ,*apel 9 ,cant]bury ,ca!dral %\ld be adorn$ 9 v>i\s places ) 8 ,arms1 & likewise ) our ,badge ( ,o/ri* ,fea!rs--noz bages dez plumes d'o/ruce4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dja4--,%ield = ,peace ( ! ,black ,pr9ce4 ,! w ( ! ,,black ,,pr9ce proves ! ,fea!rs to h be5 a ,badge1 & n ei!r a ,cre/ or ! ensign ( a ,%ield ( ,arms1 s9ce twice he expressly calls !m our ,badge3 & x also is directly oppos$ to ! traditional w>like orig9 & milit>y "* ( ! ,fea!rs1 z a ,badge ( ! ,,black ,,pr9ce1 = x p>ticul>ly specifies ! peaceful significance ( ?is ,badge1 & di/+ui%es x f ! insignia t 7 worn & display$ by ! ,pr9ce :5 he 0 equipp$ = w>4 ,! ,mottoes ,i* ,di5e & ,h\m\t are old ,g]man1 & !y signify1 ,i s]ve1 & magnanim\s4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,plan*1 t ,h\m\t is ,flemi%1 & t ! ?ree words really =m a s+le ,motto1 signify+1 ,magnanim\s1 ,i s]ve1 t is1 ,i obey ! dictates ( magnanimity 7,ar*ologia1 xxxii4 #fi74 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #djb4--;,f ! ,seal ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #djc4--;,f ! ,seal ( ,?omas1 ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #djd4--;,f ! ,g>t]-,plate ( ,john ,beau=t1 ,k4,g4 ,^u a v rem>kable ,seal1 us$ by ,,h5ry ,,iv4 a %ort "t be=e 8 accession1 ! %ield ) helm & cre/ are plac$ betwe5 two tall ,fea!rs1 ab\t ea* ( :i* is entw9$ a ,g>t] *>g$ ) 8 fav\rite & significant ,motto--! ^w ,,sov]eygne1 z 9 ,no4 #djb4 ,8 fa!r1 ,pr9ce ,,john ,,( ,,gh5t1 plac$ a *a9 ^u ! quills ( 8 ,fea!rs1 z 9 ! v curi\s boss 9 ! cloi/]s at ,cant]bury4 ,! uncle ( ,,h5ry ,,iv41 ,,?omas1 ,duke ( ,,gl\ce/]1 on "o ( 8 ,seals1 diff]5c$ 8 two ,fea!rs ) ,g>t]s 7probably ( ! ,ord]7 display$ along _! quills1 z 9 ,no4 #djc4 ,&1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #addj1 ,,john ,,beau=t1 ,k4,g41 ,duke ( ,,som]set1 on 8 ,g>t]-plate plac$ two ,o/ri* ,fea!rs erect1 _! quills compone arg5t & azure1 & fix$ 9 gold5 escrolls2 ,no4 #djd4 ,9 ! ,h>leian ,,ms4 #cjd1 f4 #ab1 x is /at$ t ! ,o/ri* ,fea!r ( silv]1 ! p5 ?us compone arg5t & azure1 is ! ,duke ( ,som]set's3 also t ! ,fea!r silv]1 ) ! p5 gold1 is ! ,k+'s3 ! ,o/ri* ,fea!r1 p5 & all silv]1 is ! ,pr9ce's3 & ! ,o/ri* ,fea!r gold1 ! p5 erm9e1 is ! ,duke ( ,lanca/]'s4 ,! ,%ield *>g$ ) ?ree ,o/ri* ,fea!rs1 ,no4 #dja1 0 borne by ,pr9ce ,,john ,,( ,,gh5t2 & x appe>s on ! spl5did ,great ,seal ( ,,h5ry ,,iv41 betwe5 ! ,%ields ( ! ,du*y ( ,,cornwall & ! ,e>ldom ( ,,*e/]4 ,,humphrey1 ,duke ( ,,gl\ce/]1 is also record$ to h borne ?is same ,fea!r ,%ield4 ,9 ! ,vault+ ( ! ceil+ ov] ! /eps lead+ to ! ,hall at ,*ri/*ur*1 ,ox=d1 ! ,o/ri* ,plume ,badge is c>v$ )9 a ,g>t] ( ! ,ord]3 &1 aga91 ! ,badge is repres5t$ aft] ! same mann]1 environ$ ) ! ,g>t]1 9 ! beautiful b9d+ ( a copy ( ! ,bible :i* is reput$ to h be5 us$ by ,,*>les ,i4 9 8 la/ mom5ts4 ,! ,o/ri* ,fea!rs are repeat$ly m5tion$ 9 e>ly docum5ts2 & !y are %[n to h be5 con/antly us$ = v>i\s decorative purposes1 always evid5tly ) an h]aldic motive & feel+1 by ! same ,royal p]sonages :o blazon$ !m on _! ,seals1 & display$ !m else:]e z _! armorial insignia4 ,a well-kn[n example ( a diap] ( ,:ite ,o/ri* ,fea!rs on a field p] pale arg5t & v]t1 is pres]v$ 9 ! /a9$ glass n[ 9 ! great nor? w9d[ ( ! transept ( ,cant]bury ,ca!dral4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,support]s ,/&+ by ! ,%ield ,9 sil5ce4 --,,idylls ,,( ,,! ,,k+4 ,a ,,support] is a figure1 sometimes ( an angel1 frequ5tly ( a human be+1 b m g5]ally ( "s animal1 bird1 or imag9>y creature1 s plac$ 9 connection ) a ,%ield ( ,arms z to appe> to be protect+ & support+ x4 ,9 ,engli% ,h]aldry a s+le ,support] is ( comp>atively r>e occurr5ce1 b a numb] ( examples are to be f\nd 9 ! ,h]aldry ( ,scotl&4 ,9 e>ly examples1 :5 two ,support]s appe>1 !y are 9 mo/ cases alike3 b1 m rec5tly 7except 9 ! ,h]aldry ( ,france71 ! two figures are g5]ally q di/9ct ! "o f ! o!r1 ! e>li] usage ( hav+ ! two ,support]s alike be+ less frequ5t4 ,! mod]n prevail+ practice 9 ,engl& is happily exemplifi$ 9 ! well-kn[n in/ance ( ! pres5t ,royal ,support]s1 ! ,lion & ! ,unicorn4 ,support]s are consid]$ to h be5 introduc$ into ! ,h]aldry ( ,engl& dur+ ! reign ( ,,edw>d ,,iii42 b !y may ) great] accuracy be assign$ to ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ?an to ! second half ( ! f\rte5?4 ,z armorial insignia ( a v high rank1 ,support]s are grant$ 9 ,engl& only by ! express comm& ( ! ,sov]eign1 except to ,pe]s & ,knights ,gr& ,cross & ,knights ,gr& ,comm&]s4 ,9 ,scotl&1 :]e !y occur m frequ5tly ?an 9 ! ,h]aldry ( ! ,s\? ( ! ,twe$1 ! ,"l ,lyon has p[] to grant ,support]s4 ,orig9ally by ! ,scotti% ,h]alds ^! accessories ( ,%ields 7 entitl$ ,be>]s4 ,support]s are n[ grant$1 on paym5t ( fees1 to all ,pe]s ( ! ,realm to desc5d to ! hold]s ( a specifi$ ,pe]age1 & to ,knights ( ! ,g>t]1 ,?i/le1 & ,/4 ,patrick1 & to ,knights ,gr& ,cross & ,knights ,gr& ,comm&]s ( all o!r ord]s ( knigh?ood to be borne = life4 ,mo/ ,nova ,scotia ,b>onets & ,*iefs ( ,scotti% ,clans h support]s regi/]$ ) _! arms4 ,support]s probably owe _! orig9 r to sev]al concurr5t circum/ances1 ?an to any "o p>ticul> circum/ance4 ,! m]e fact ( a ,knight c>ry+ 8 own armorial ,%ield1 or 8 ,esquire be>+ x beside him1 might sugge/ ! g5]al idea ( "s support+ figure 9 connection ) a repres5tation ( t ,%ield4 ,! act ( c>ry+ a ,bann] ( ,arms1 9 l mann]1 might sugge/ a repres5tation ( a ,support] = a ,%ield ( ,arms4 ,to e>ly ,seals1 h[ev]1 ,h]aldry is 9 an especial degree indebt$ = ! developm5t ( ! idea ( ,support]s1 & = br++ x into a def9ite =m4 ,aga91 ! preval5t use ( ,badges 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & 9 ! fifte5? also1 w\ld necess>ily ex]cise a p[]ful influ5ce 9 ! same direction2 & w\ld lead ,h]alds to associate ) ,%ields ( ,arms c]ta9 o!r figures :i*1 :ile 9 !mselves di/9ct & indep5d5t1 7 closely alli$ ) c]ta9 ,%ields ( ,arms4 ,! prototypes ( true ,support]s1 inde$1 z !y appe> on ,seals1 are ,badges4 ,9 fact1 x is (t5 difficult to det]m9e :e!r specifi$ figures on ! ,seals ( a c]ta9 p]iod are h]aldic support]s or m]ely repres5tations ( ,badges4 ,an ,effigy repres5t$ ^u a ,seal1 z 9 ,no4 #dje1 ! ,seal ( ,,devorguilla ,,craw=d1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #abij1 f ,,la+',s ,volume3 or 9 ,nos4 #caf1 #cag1 w\ld be ev5 m ?an a sugge/ion ( a ,support]4 ,! same may be said1 :5 "s figure1 almo/ c]ta9ly a ,badge1 0 introduc$ into ! composition ( a ,seal1 hold+ or support+ a ,%ield by its guige1 z 9 ,no4 #bjc2 or :5 a ,%ield1 or two or m ,%ields1 7 *>g$ ^u "s figure1 z 9 ,no4 #bjd3 bo? ( ^! examples1 inde$1 might be reg>d$ z illu/rations ( ! orig9 or fir/ adoption ( s+le ,support]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dje4--,seal ( ,devorguilla ,craw=d1 ab\t #abij4 ,! introduction ( angelic figures1 :i* might h ! appe>ance ( act+ z ,gu>dian ,angels1 9 _! c>e ( ,%ields ( ,arms1 0 9 accordance ) ! feel+ ( ! e>ly days ( ,engli% ,h]aldry2 &1 :ile x took a "p 9 lead+ ! way to ! sy/ematic use ( regul> ,support]s1 x s]v$ to %[ ! high e/eem & hon\r 9 :i* armorial insignia 7 held by our ance/ors ( ^? ages4 ,9 ,no4 #aei ,i h already %[n an example ( a sculptur$ ,%ield ?us support$ by ,angels1 f ,/4 ,albans4 ,9 ! same noble *ur* !re are o!r examples ( ! same "* 9 /a9$ glass4 ,angel ,support]s1 ! figures treat$ 9 v>i\s ways1 occur 9 v _m ,go?ic edifices2 p>ticul>ly1 sculptur$ z corbels1 bosses or pat]1 or introduc$ 9 panels1 & employ$ = ! decoration ( op5 timb] ro(s1 z 9 ,we/m9/] ,hall4 ,!y appe> also on ,seals2 z on ! ,seal ( ,,h5ry ,,( ,,lanca/]1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #acej1 :i* has ! figure ( an ,angel above ! ,%ield1 & a lion on ea* side ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #djf4--,"p ( ,seal ( ,m>g>et1 ,lady ,hung]=d4 ,! repres5tation ( armorial ,bann]s ^u ,seals w\ld lead to at lea/ ! occasional introduction ( "s figure to hold1 or support1 ! ,bann]2 & "h1 aga91 we disc]n ! pres5ce ( "s ( ! imm$iate pr$ecessors ( ,support]s1 prop]ly s call$4 ,9 ! ,seals1 ,nos4 #cia1 #cib1 ! ,bann]s are n support$1 & yet !y are indirectly sugge/ive ( giv+ support to ! ,%ield :i* is m>%all$ ) !m 9 ! same composition4 ,ano!r ,hung]=d ,seal1 t ( ,,m>g>et ,,botreaux1 wid[ ( ! second ,b>on ,,hung]=d 7:o di$ 9 #adgg71 9 ! c5tre ( ! composition has a kneel+ figure ( ! noble lady1 & on ea* side a bann] ( arms is held 7support$7 erect1 s t ! two bann]s =m a k9d ( canopy ov] h] head1 by a lion & a gryphon4 ,9 ,no4 #djf ,i give a "p only ( ?is elaborate ,seal1 suffici5t to %[ h[ its g5]al composition be>s ^u ! adoption ( ,support]s4 ,! ,monum5t 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey ( ,sir ,,ludovic ,,robs>t1 ,k4,g41 ,"l ,,b\r*i]1 ,/&>d-,be>] to ,,h5ry ,v4 at ,ag9c\rt1 has two bann]s sculptur$ 9 ! /one "w ( ! canopy1 :i* are plac$ precisely 9 ! same mann] z ! bann]s 9 ,no4 #djf2 &1 l !m1 !y are held by ,badges act+ z ,support]s4 ,two well-kn[n seals ( ! ,,p]cies are *>g$ ) bann]s1 & 9 ea* case ! bann]-/aff is held by a s+le ,support]3 "o ( ^! figures is a man-at-arms1 ,a4,d4 #achf2 ! o!r is a lion1 ,a4,d4 #addf4 ,at ! same p]iod1 two lions appe> on ano!r ,p]cy ,seal4 ,ano!r1 ( ! same date1 has ! %ield support$ by an arm$ man1 )\t any bann]1 b hav+ a lance ) a long p5non *>g$ ) ! ,cresc5t badge ( ,,p]cy1 ,no4 #dab1 p4 #bdg4 ,o!r ,p]cy ,seals1 aga91 ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 on ei!r side ( ! ,%ield h two lions or two birds4 ,num]\s examples ( great int]e/ illu/rate ! e>ly introduction ( ,badges into ! composition ( ,seals1 z accessories ( ,%ields4 ,a ,seal ( ,pr9ce ,,john ,,( ,,gh5t1 :i* has two falcons & padlocks1 is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & sugge/ive works ( its class3 9 ?is ,seal ! two birds are addors$1 & consequ5tly !y also h _! backs turn$ t[>ds ! c5tral a*ievem5t4 ,?is position ( ! figures on e>ly ,seals is n uncommon2 b x is an illu/ration t ! use ( ,badges 9 ! =m f :i* !y develop$ into support]s 0 an arti/ic necessity1 aris+ f ! =m ( ! spaces to be occupi$ by ! figures ^u ! ,seal4 ,ano!r mo/ *>act]i/ic example ( t m>%all+ ( ,badges ^u ,seals1 :i* c]ta9ly l$ ! way to true ,support]s1 is ! ,seal ( ,sir ,,maurice ,,de ,,b]keley1 ,a4,d4 #adcj1 ^u :i* a m]maid--! ,b]keley badge--is blazon$ on ea* side ( ! ,%ield4 ,! two figures are drawn ) mu* skill & elegance4 ,! ,%ield itself qu>t]s ,b]keley )9 a bordure1 & a diff]5c$ coat ( ,bottet\rt3 x hangs f a l>ge helm1 :i*1 9 its turn1 is ensign$ by z l>ge a mitre--! s+ul> ,cre/ ( ! ,b]keleys4 ,! two figures1 g5]ally animals1 :i* fill up ! spaces to ! dext] & s9i/] ( ! c5tral a*ievem5t on ,seals1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury are almo/ inv>iably drawn ( a comp>atively l>ge size2 &1 = ! mo/ "p1 !y really act z ,support]s to ! ,cre/$ ,helm1 be+ !mselves support$ by ! ,%ield4 ,! composition ( ! ,seal ( ,,edmund ,,de ,,mortim]1 ,e>l ( ,,m>*1 ,a4,d4 #adjj1 ?\gh n[ mutilat$1 exhibits 9 a mo/ satisfactory mann] ?is v effective arrangem5t1 f :i* true ,support]s to a ,%ield ( ,arms might obvi\sly be d]iv$4 ,9 ?is ,seal1 ,no4 #djg1 ! ,%ield qu>t]s ,mortim]1 ,no4 #aca1 &--or1 a cross gu41 = ,ul/]4 ,! ,seal ( ,,wm4 ,,de ,,wyndesor1 ,no4 #chb1 illu/rates ) no less happy effect ! occasional use ( birds in/ead ( bea/s1 z ,support+ ,badges4 ,o!r examples exi/ 9 great numb]s1 & 9 abundant v>iety3 ! two t ,i add f ,mr4 ,la+'s ,volume1 ,nos4 #djh & #dji1 are 9 e respect mo/ *>act]i/ic2 !y are sev]ally ! ,seals ( ,,rob]t ,,graham1 ( ,k9pont1 & ( ,sir ,,william ,,l9dsay1 ( ! ,byres4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #djg4--,seal ( ,e>l ,edmund de ,mortim]2 ,a4,d4 #adjj4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y = me to po9t out to /ud5ts t ,support]s always h a decid$ h]aldic significance4 ,9 support+ a ,%ield ( ,arms1 !y dis*>ge an h]aldic duty3 b1 9 !mselves1 ,support]s are armorial symbols ( a high rank2 &1 ) peculi> emphasis1 !y record desc5t1 inh]itance1 & alliance1 & !y blazon illu/ri\s de$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #djh4--,seal ( ,rob]t ,graham1 ( ,k9pont1 ,a4,d4 #adcc4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dji4--,seal ( ,sir ,wm4 ,l9dsay1 ( ! ,byres1 ,a4,d4 #acij4 ,support]s %\ld always be repres5t$ 9 an erect position4 ,9 :atev] direction also !y actually may be look+1 !y always ought to appe> to fulfil _! own prop] (fice ( giv+ vigilant & def]5tial support to ! ,%ield4 ,x w\ld be well1 9 our blazon+ ( support$ ,a*ievem5ts1 n only = u to reg>d a becom+ position & attitude = ,support]s to be matt]s det]m9$ by positive h]aldic law1 b also t "s satisfactory arrangem5t %\ld be made & recognis$ = g5]al adoption1 by :i* an equally becom+ support w\ld be provid$ = ,support]s4 ,an unsatisfactory cu/om has be5 ei!r to place ! ,support]s1 :atev] !y may be1 ^u "s v slight r5aissance scroll "w t is nei!r graceful nor consi/5t1 or1 to con/ra9 ! ,motto scroll to provide a f\ndation or /&+-place = !m4 ,9 ! latt] case1 an en]getic lion1 or a massive elephant1 &1 9 a c]ta9 class ( a*ievem5ts ( comp>atively rec5t date1 a m\nt$ troop]1 or a /alw>t man-(-w>'s man1 probably ) a tw5ty-f\r p\nd] at 8 feet1 are made to /& on ! edge ( ! ribbon t is inscrib$ ) ! ,motto4 ,mr4 ,la+ has enabl$ me to give an excell5t example ( ,support]s--two lions /&+ ^u a motto-scroll or ribbon--9 ,no4 #daj1 ! ,seal ( ,,john ,,drummond1 creat$ ,e>l ( ,,mel=t & ,visc\nt ,,=? 9 ! ye> #afhf3 ! ,%ield is ,scotl&1 )9 a bordure compone2 ! ,support]s are gorg$ ) coll>s *>g$ ) ?i/les2 & ! ,cre/ is ! ,cre/ ( ,scotl& issu+ f a cele/ial ,cr[n4 ,z says ! ,motto ( ,sir ,,william ,,mahon1 ,moniti1 meliora sequamur--n[ t we h be5 told ( x1 let u produce some?+ bett] ?an ?is support = our ,support]s4 ,happily ! be/ h]aldic arti/s ( ! mom5t seem v g5]ally to h rev]t$ to ! old] & m pref]able =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #daj4--,seal ( ,john ,drummond1 ,e>l ( ,mel=t1 ,a4,d4 #afhf4 ,! ,h]alds ( ,france /ill re/rict ! t]m ,support]s--,les ,supports--to animals2 :il/ to human be+s1 to figures ( angels1 & to my?ological p]sonages or o!r figures 9 human =m1 :5 support+ a ,%ield1 !y apply ! t]m ,les ,t5ants4 ,:5 trees or o!r inanimate objects are plac$ beside any armorial %ield1 & s dis*>ge ! duty ( ,support]s 9 ,fr5* a*ievem5ts1 !y are di/+ui%$ z ,les ,s\ti5s4 ,an old ,fr5* writ] on ,h]aldry1 ,,palliot1 h[ev]1 says t 9 8 "t 7,a4,d4 #affj71 ,t5ant is us$ 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & d5otes any k9d ( s+le ,support]1 :ile ,supports is us$ :5 !re are two4 ,9 ! ,fr5* ,h]aldry ( ! pres5t "t1 a s+le ,t5ant or ,support is ( r>e occurr5ce2 & :5 two ,t5ants or ,supports appe> 9 blazon1 !y are g5]ally1 ?\gh n always1 alike4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,flags ,! ,p5non-- ,! ,bann]-- ,! ,/&>d-- ,! ,royal ,/&>d-- ,! ,union ,jack-- ,ensigns-- ,milit>y ,/&>ds & ,col\rs-- ,blazon+-- ,hoi/+ & ,display+ ,flags4 ,_m a beautiful ,p5non fix$ to a lance1 ,& _m a ,bann] display$4 --,,siege ,,( ,,c>lav]ock1 ,a4,d4 #acjj4 ,prosp] our ,col\rs6 --,,%akespe>e1 ,h5ry ,,vi41 ,"p #c4 ,admirably adapt$ = all purposes ( h]aldic display1 ri* 9 gl[+ col\rs1 & peculi>ly graceful 9 _! free movem5t 9 ! w9d1 ,,flags are insep>ably associat$ ) _s-/irr+ memories1 & 9 all ages & ) e p !y enjoy an en?usia/ic popul>ity peculi> to !mselves4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 9 ,engl&1 ?ree di/9ct classes ( h]aldic ,flags appe> to h be5 9 g5]al use1 ea* class hav+ a di/9ct & well-def9$ signification4 #a4 ,fir/1 ! ,,p5non1 small 9 size1 ( elongat$ =m1 & ei!r po9t$ or swall[-tail$ at ! extremity1 is *>g$ ) ! ,badge or "s o!r armorial ensign ( ! own]1 & by him display$ ^u 8 own lance1 z 8 p]sonal ensign4 ,! ,p5non ( ,sir ,,john ,d',,ab]n\n1 ,no4 #bhf1 fr+$ & po9t$1 ,a4,d4 #abgg1 be>s 8 arms--,az41 a *evron or3 & ,no4 #daa1 ano!r example ( ! po9t$ =m ( ,p5non1 is f ! ,pa9t$ ,*amb]1 ,we/m9/]1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #abge4 ,no4 #dab1 a long swall[-tail$ ,p5non1 *>g$ ) ! ,p]cy cresc5t ,badge1 is f ! ,seal ( ,,h5ry ,,de ,,p]ci1 fir/ ,e>l ( ,,nor?umb]l&4 ,be=e ! true h]aldic era1 ,lance-,flags ) v>i\s decorative devices1 b )\t any blazonry hav+ a def9ite signification1 7 9 use3 ,see ,nos4 #e1 #f4 ,! ,p5noncelle 0 a modification ( ! ,p5non4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #daa4--,p5non1 f ! ,pa9t$ ,*amb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dab4--,p5non ( ,p]cy2 ,a4,d4 #adjj4 #b4 ,second1 ! ,,bann]1 squ>e or oblong 9 =m1 & ( a l>g] size ?an ! ,p5non1 be>s ! entire ,coat ( ,arms ( ! own] blazon$ ov] its :ole surface1 precisely z ! same composition is blazon$ ^u a ,%ield3 ,no4 #afb4 ,! ,bann] has be5 describ$ z ! ensign ( ! ,sov]eign1 or ( a ,pr9ce1 a ,noble1 or a ,knight :o _h be5 advanc$ to ! high] rank or degree ( a ,bann]et2 b x w\ld seem almo/ c]ta9 t ! display ( ,arms ^u a ,bann] 0 nev] conf9$ to a ,bann]et4 ,two ,bann]s are repres5t$ 9 ea* ( ! ,hung]=d ,seals1 ,nos4 #cia1 #cib4 ,a small gr\p ( oblong ,bann]s1 ) two po9t$ ,p5nons1 is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #dac1 f ! ,pa9t$ ,*amb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dac4--,oblong ,bann]s & ,po9t$ ,p5nons1 f ! ,pa9t$ ,*amb]4 ,9 ! old5 "t1 :5 a ,knight _h di/+ui%$ himself by conspicu\s gallantry1 x 0 ! cu/om to m>k 8 m]itori\s conduct by prompt advancem5t on ! v field ( battle4 ,9 su* a case1 ! po9t or po9ts ( ! good ,knight's ,p5non 7 r5t (f1 & ?us ! small ,flag 0 r$uc$ to ! squ>e =m ( ! ,bann]1 by :i* !nce=? he 0 to be di/+ui%$4 ,,froiss>t1 9 8 own graphic mann]1 has describ$ ! c]emonial :i* att5d$ ! fir/ display ( ! ,bann] ( a newly-creat$ ,bann]et on ! field ( battle4 ,sir ,,john ,,*&os1 "o ( ! ,knights ,f\nd]s ( ! ,g>t]1 appe>$ ) 8 maid5 ,bann] on ! field1 on ! morn+ ( ! battle ( ,nav]et1 9 ,ca/ile1 ,april #crd1 #acfg3--;,he br\ght 8 bann] 9 8 h&s1 says ! *ronicl]1 roll$ up 7roll$ r\nd ! /aff71 & said to ! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales--x 0 ! ,,black ,,pr9ce1--',my ,"l1 behold1 "h is my ,bann]3 ,i deliv] x to y 9 ?is way1--/ill roll$ r\nd ! /aff1 t is--'t x may please y to display x1 & t ?is day ,i may raise x2 =1 ?ank ,god1 ,i h l& & h]itage suffici5t to support ! rank z x ought to be6' ,!n ! ,pr9ce & ! ,k+--,don ,,petro1 ,k+ ( ,ca/ile--took ! ,bann]1 :i* 0 ( silv] ) a %>p pile gules1 betwe5 _! h&s by ! /aff1 & display$ x1 & return$ x to him1 ! ,pr9ce say+--',sir ,john1 behold y\r ,bann]2 may ,god grant y may d y\r duty6' ,!n ,sir ,,john ,,*&os bore 8 ,bann] 7display$7 to 8 own ,company1 & said--',g5tlem51 see "h my ,bann] & y\rs2 pres]ve x z y\r own6' ,we see t1 l ano!r h]o ( a lat] p]iod1 ! ,,black ,,pr9ce held ! maxim--,engl& expects e man to d 8 duty4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dad4--,seal ( ,e>l ,john ,holl&1 ,admiral ( ,engl&1 c41 ,a4,d4 #adcf4 ,qu>t]+s1 ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy1 & ,diff]5ces 7b n impalem5ts7 are blazon$ on ,bann]s "u ! v same conditions t !y appe> on ,%ields ( ,arms4 ,= example1 ! ,bann]s1 z well z ! ,%ield1 on ! seal ( ,sir ,rob]t de ,hung]=d1 ,no4 #cib1 are ,diff]5c$ ) a label = ,cad5cy1 & ?us are di/+ui%$ f ! correspond+ ,bann]s & ,%ield on ! ,seal ( ,sir ,rob]t's fa!r1 ,no4 #cia4 ,cre/s1 ,badges1 ,support]s1 & o!r ext]nal accessories & ornam5ts ( ,armorial ,%ields h no place on ,bann]s1 a ,bann] repres5t+ a ,%ield1 & be+ *>g$ z a ,%ield4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 ,engli% ,bann]s sometimes 7 *>g$ ) ,a*ievem5ts ( ,arms1 includ+ all ! accessories & ornam5ts ( ,%ields4 ,9 e>ly times ,bann]s appe> 9 use at sea1 z well z on l&2 & ! same ,bann]s 7 us$ bo? on %ore & afloat4 ,! sails ( our e>ly %ipp+1 also1 are con/antly repres5t$ z cov]$ ) armorial blazonry1 & !y ?us 7 enabl$ to act z ,%ip-,flags4 ,_m curi\s & int]e/+ repres5tations ( ! /range1 unwieldy1 un%ip-%ape look+ craft t 7 ! ance/ors ( ! ,briti% ,navy1 are introduc$ ) _! h]aldic sails & _! ,bann]s into ! compositions ( ,seals4 ,a f9e example ( its ord] is ! ,seal ( ,,john ,,holl&1 ,e>l ( ,,hunt+don1 ,a4,d4 #adcf1 ,admiral ( ,engl&1 ,irel&1 & ,aquita9e1 ,no4 #dad4 ,! %ip is really a noble-look+ vessel1 ) h] solit>y sail blazon$ ) ! ,"l ,admiral's ,arms--,engl&1 )9 a bordure ( ,france1--! same arms t 7 borne by ,pr9ce ,,john ,,( ,,el?am1 ,no4 #bd4 ,9 ?is example ! crew are n repres5t$3 b 9 o!r ,seals ( e>ly %ipp+ figures are commonly introduc$1 & almo/ always !y are drawn ( ludicr\sly disproportionate size4 ,?is %ip does n display any ,bann] f a bann]-/aff1 b has a nautical ,p5non ( ample size fly+ at ! ma/-head3 :5 ,bann]s are display$ on bo>d %ips ^u e>ly ,seals1 !y are g5]ally n>r[ 9 proportion to _! height1 a =m ( ,bann] adopt$ on l& z well z at sea1 9 consequ5ce ( ! great] inconv5i5ce att5d+ ! display ( broad or really squ>e ,bann]s4 ,at a lat] p]iod1 h[ev]1 ,%ip-,flags ( v l>ge size came into fav\r4 #c4 ,! ,,/&>d1 ! ?ird v>iety ( e>ly h]aldic ,flags1 :i* fir/ appe>s ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & 0 9 g5]al use by p]sonages ( high rank 9 ! two foll[+ c5turies1 appe>s to h be5 adopt$ = ! special purpose ( display+ ! ,badge4 ,! ,badge 0 worn on 8 liv]y by a s]vant z reta9]1 & consequ5tly ! ,/&>d by :i* he mu/]$ 9 camp 0 ( ! liv]y col\rs1 & bore ! ,badge1 ) bo? ( :i* ! reta9] 0 famili>4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dae4--,/&>d ( ,sir ,h5ry de ,/af=d1 ,k4,g43 ab\t ,a4,d4 #adge4 ,?is ,flag is ( ample proportions1 & great l5g?2 b its size v>ies ) ! own]'s rank4 ,next to ! ,/aff 0 usually to be f\nd ! r$ cross on a silv] field ( ,,/4 ,,george4 ,! re/ ( ! field is g5]ally divid$ p] fesse into two t9ctures1 9 mo/ cases ! liv]y col\rs ( ! own]1 or ! prevail+ t9ctures ( 8 ,coat ( ,arms1 :i* 9 su* cases may almo/ be assum$ to h be5 8 liv]y4 ,) "s pr9cipal figure or device occupy+ a prom95t position1 v>i\s ,badges are display$ ov] ! :ole field1 a ,motto1 :i* is plac$ b5d-wise1 hav+ divid$ ! ,/&>d into comp>tm5ts4 ,! edges are fr+$ ?r\gh\t1 & ! extremity is sometimes swall[-tail$1 & sometimes r\nd$4 ,! ,/&>d ( ,sir ,,h5ry ,,de ,,/af=d1 ,k4,g41 second son ( ,,h5ry1 second ,duke ( ,,buck+ham 7execut$ 9 #adhc71 is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #dae1 f a draw+ 9 ! ,h]alds' ,college4 ,x is *>g$1 fir/1 ) a cross ( ,/4 ,george3 !n1 on a field p] fesse sable & gules 7! col\rs ( ! ,duke's liv]y71 ! ,:ite ,swan ( ! ,de ,bohuns1 ) ! silv] ,/af=d-knot 7,no4 #cjd71 diff]5c$ ) a ,cresc5t gules = ,cad5cy2 ! ,motto is ,,hvmble 3 ,,et3 ,,loyal2 & ! fr+e1 ( ! same col\rs z ! field1 is compone sa4 & gu4 ,9 o!r examples a great] v>iety ( ,badges is introduc$4 ,! /ud5t w n fail to take notice ( ! sy/ematic display ( ! ensign ( ,/4 ,george 9 ^! ,/&>ds1 z ! national armorial device ( ,engl&4 ,! use & h]aldic display ( ^! /&>ds _h practically laps$1 b ! ,college ( ,arms has n[ rev]t$ to its anci5t practice ( record+ !m 9 cases ( ! grant or confirmation ( a ,badge4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #daf4--,! ,royal ,/&>d1 or ,bann]4 ,! ,,royal ,,/&>d 7to give x its popul> "n7 is n really a ,/&>d at all1 b is ! ,k+'s ,bann] ( 8 arms4 ,x /&s at ! head ( our ,engli% ,flags ( ! pres5t day1 & be>s ! full blazonry ( ! ,royal ,arms ( ,8 ,maje/y ,,! ,,k+1 z !y are m>%all$ on ! ,royal ,%ield3 ,no4 #daf4 ,x is p]sonal to ! ,k+1 & its use by o!r p is n p]mitt$4 ,?is spl5did ,flag1 s truly h]aldic 9 its "*1 & *>g$ ) ,coat-,arm\r & n ) ,badges1 ought to be /yl$ ! ,,royal ,,bann]4 ,! same ,/&>d is duly diff]5c$ ) _! own ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy & _! ,%ields ( ,pret5ce = ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! ,royal ,family4 ,= use at sea1 :il/ ! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales has 8 own ,flag or ,bann] ( 8 arms1 all o!r memb]s ( ! ,royal ,family use a flag %[+ ! ,royal ,arms )9 a bordure erm9e4 ,,que5 ,,m>y & ,,que5 ,,alex&ra fly flags ( _! impal$ arms4 ,! ,,union ,,jack1 :i* is reg>d$ z ! national ,briti% ,flag1 z we n[ display x1 is ! second ( its race4 ,/rictly speak+1 x is z mu* ! prop]ty ( ! ,sov]eign z ! ,royal ,bann]1 b objection to its use & display is n (ficially made4 ,! ,fir/ ,union ,jack1 ,no4 #dag1 0 produc$ 9 ob$i5ce to a ,royal ,proclamation ( ,,james ,i4 9 ! ye> #afjf4 ,its object 0 to provide a s+le ,national ,flag = bo? ,engl& & ,scotl& z a s+le k+dom1 :i* might put an end to c]ta9 s]i\s disputes conc]n+ ! prec$5ce ( _! respective ,bann]s ( ,/4 ,george & ,/4 ,&rew1 ,nos4 #dah1 #dai1 betwe5 ! natives ( ,engl& & ,scotl&--( ,s\? & ,nor? ,brita94 ,?is ,union ,flag comb9$ ! blazonry ( ! two rival ensigns1 n m>%all+ !m by qu>t]+ aft] ! e>ly h]aldic usage1 b by reviv+ a /ill e>li] process1 & by bl5d+ ! cross & ! saltire ( ,nos4 #dah & #dai 9 a s+le composition4 ,?is 0 effect$1 accord+ly1 by *>g+ ! ,cross ( ,/4 ,george1 ) a n>r[ bord] or fimbriation ( :ite to repres5t its :ite field1 ^u ! ,bann] ( ,/4 ,&rew1 ! result be+ ! ,flag %[n 9 ,no4 #dag4 ,on ! f9al ,union betwe5 ,engl& & ,scotl& 9 #agjg1 ?is device 0 =mally decl>$ to be ! ,ensign armorial ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita94 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dah4--,/4 ,george4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dag4--,! ,fir/ ,union ,jack4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dai4--,/4 ,&rew4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dbj4--,! ,second ,union ,jack4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dba4--,/4 ,patrick4 ,^u ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y1 #ahja1 ! ,second ,union ,jack1 ! ,union ,jack ( to-day1 ,no4 #dbj1 sup]s$$ ! ,flag ( ,k+ ,,james & ,que5 ,,anne4 ,! ,union ) ,irel& r5d]$ a *ange necess>y 9 ! ,union ,jack1 9 ord] to incorporate ) its blazonry ! ,bann] ( ,,/4 ,,patrick1 ,no4 #dba1 arg41 a saltire gu4 ,!re seems good reason to believe t ! s-call$ ,cross ( ,/4 ,patrick _h little1 if inde$ any1 sep>ate or prior exi/5ce4 ,! process t _h be5 adopt$ be=e 0 aga9 br\ght into action1 b n[ a s+le comp\nd device _h to be =m$ by ! comb9ation ( a cross & two saltires1 ,nos4 #dah1 #dai1 & #dba4 ,z be=e1 9 ?is new ,flag ! blue field ( ,,/4 ,,&rew =ms ! field3 !n ! two ,saltires1 ! "o :ite & ! o!r r$1 are =m$ into a s+le comp\nd ,saltire c\nt]-*ang$ ( ! two t9ctures alt]nat+1 ! :ite hav+ prec$5ce2 a n>r[ edg+ ( :ite is next add$ to ea* r$ side ( ?is new figure1 to repres5t ! :ite field ( ,/4 ,patrick1 z ! n>r[ edg+ ( :ite ab\t ! r$ cross repres5t$ ! :ite field ( ,,/4 ,,george 9 ,no4 #dah2 &1 f9ally1 ! r$ cross ( ,/4 ,george fimbriat$ ) :ite1 z 9 ! ,fir/ ,jack1 is *>g$ ov] all4 ,su* is ! ,second ,union ,jack1 ,no4 #dbj4 ,9 ?is comp\nd device x w be obs]v$ t ! broad diagonal :ite memb]s repres5t ! silv] saltire ( ,/4 ,&rew1 ,no4 #dai3 t ! r$ diagonal memb]s repres5t ! saltire gules ( ,/4 ,patrick1 ,no4 #dba1 & t ! n>r[ diagonal :ite l9es are add$ 9 ord] to place ?is saltire gules on a field arg5t3 t ! diagonal r$ & ! broad diagonal :ite memb]s repres5t ! two ,saltires ( ,/4 ,&rew & ,/4 ,patrick 9 comb9ation3 & t ! fimbriat$ r$ cross 9 ! front ( ! goodly alliance decl>es ! pres5ce ( ! symbol ( ,/4 ,george4 ,sir ,,h>ris ,,ni*olas has sugge/$ t ?is flag may h acquir$ its "n ( ,jack 7,union is obvi\s en\gh7 f ! orig9al au?or ( ! ,fir/ ,union ,flag1 ,k+ ,,james1 :o1 9 ! ,h]alds' ,fr5* language1 w\ld be /yl$ ,jacques3 & s ! ,flag w\ld be call$ ,jacques' ,union1 :i* w\ld easily settle d[n into ,jack's ,union1 & f9ally w\ld z easily become ,union ,jack4 ,! ,second ,union ,flag is always to be hoi/$ z x is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #dbj1 ! diagonal :ite hav+ prec$5ce 9 ! fir/ canton4 ,to rev]se ! prop] display ( ! ,flag implies di/ress or dang]2 or su* a proc$ure 7v (t51 z ,i am aw>e1 unconsci\sly adopt$1 ?r\gh ignorance ( ! real mean+ ( ! ,flag itself7 subjects ! ,union ,jack to degradation4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dbb4--,! ,r$ ,ensign4 ,by a rec5t w>rant ,lords ,lieut5ant fly ! ,union ,jack *>g$ ) a sword fesseways4 ,! ,,ensigns n[ 9 use are3-- #a4 ,! ,r$ ,ensign1 a pla9 r$ ,flag canton+ a ,union ,jack--hav+ a ,jack 9 ! dext] *ief angle next to ! po9t ( susp5sion3 ,no4 #dbb4 ,?is ,ensign %>es ) ! ,union ,jack ! hon\r ( be+ ! ,ensign ( ,engl&--! ,ensign1 t is1 ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,:5 display$ at sea1 x n[ di/+ui%es all vessels t d n belong to ! ,royal ,navy3 b1 be=e ! ye> #ahfd1 x 0 ! di/+ui%+ ensign ( ! r$ squadron ( ! ,navy1 & ( ! ,admirals ( ! ,r$--! ,admirals ( ! highe/ rank4 #b4 ,! ,:ite or ,/4 ,george's ,ensign is ! old bann] ( ,/4 ,george1 ,no4 #dah1 ) a ,jack canton$ 9 ! fir/ qu>t]4 ,x n[ is ! ,ensign ( ! ,royal ,navy3 b1 be=e #ahfd1 x di/+ui%$ ! :ite squadron ( ! ,navy1 & ! ,admirals--second 9 rank--( t ,squadron4 #c4 ,! ,blue ,ensign diff]s f ! ,r$ only 9 ! field be+ pla9 blue in/ead ( r$4 ,x n[ is ! ,ensign ( ! ,naval ,res]ve3 be=e #ahfd x 0 ! ,ensign ( ,admirals ( ! ,blue1 ?ird 9 rank1 & ( _! ,squadron ( ! ,royal ,navy4 ,a ,r$ ,ensign is (t5 *>g$ ) a ,cr[n1 or ) "s appropriate device1 to d5ote "s p>ticul> dep>tm5t ( ! public s]vice4 ,) ! ,ensigns may be gr\p$ ! ,flag ( ! ,admiralty1 :i* displays a yell[ an*or & cable set fesse-wise on a r$ field4 ,! ,ensigns are always to be hoi/$ s z to h ! ,jack next to ! po9t ( susp5sion1 z 9 ,no4 #dbb4 ,,milit>y ,,flags4 #a4 ,cavalry ,/&>ds1 be+ l9eal desc5dants ( ! knightly ,bann]s ( m$ival *ivalry1 are small squ>e ,flags1 ! col\r ( ! field ! same z ! regim5tal fac+s2 & ea* ,/&>d be>s ! ,numb]1 ,motto1 & specific ,title ( its own ,regim5t1 ) :atev] h]aldic ,badge or ,device may be associat$ ) x4 ,^u ^! ,/&>ds also are blazon$ ! regim5tal ,hon\rs--su* words z ,,wat]loo1 ,,alma1 ,,luckn[1 & o!rs1 :i* briefly & ) mo/ emphatic significance decl>e ! s]vices ( ! corps4 ,! ,h\sehold ,cavalry1 ! ,life ,gu>ds & ,blues1 h all _! ,/&>ds ( ,crimson1 & !y are blazon$ ) ! ,royal ,insignia & _! own ,hon\rs & ,devices4 #b4 ,infantry ,col\rs4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ea* ,regim5t ( ,infantry _h "o ,col\r3 subsequ5tly1 two o!rs 7 add$3 &1 f9ally1 9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,anne1 x 0 decid$ t e ,infantry ,regim5t or ,battalion ( ! ,l9e 7! ,rifles ( ! ,l9e except$1 :o h no ,col\rs7 %\ld h its own ,pair ( ,col\rs4 ,( ?is ,pair1 "o is ! ,k+'s ,col\r--a ,union ,jack *>g$ ) "s regim5tal ,devices3 ! o!r1 ! ,regim5tal ,col\r is ( ! t9cture ( ! fac+s1 on :i* ! ,hon\rs & ,devices ( ! ,regim5t are *>g$1 & 9 ! dext] *ief angle a small ,jack is canton$3 9 fact1 ! ,regim5tal ,col\r is ! same z ! ,r$ or ,blue ,ensign 7,no4 #dbb71 ! ,col\r ( ! field v>y+ ) ! regim5tal fac+s1 & ! field itself be+ *>g$ ) ! v>i\s ,devices4 ,9 _! ,col\rs1 ! ,gu>ds rev]se ! arrangem5t t obta9s ) ! ,regim5ts ( ! ,l9e4 ,) !m1 ! ,k+s ,col\r is always crimson1 ) or )\t a ,jack1 b *>g$ ) ! ,royal ,cyph] & ! regim5tal ,devices3 ! ,regim5tal ,col\r ( ! ,gu>ds is ! ,union ,jack4 #c4 ,! ,royal ,artill]y h no ,col\rs or ,/&>ds4 ,milit>y ,flags are n n[ us$ 9 actual w>f>e by ,briti% troops4 ,i conclude ?is ,*apt]1 :i* treats briefly ( ! ,h]aldry ( ! mo/ important ,engli% ,flags1 ) f\r /ill m brief g5]al rem>ks3-- #a4 ,fir/3 by all ,engli% p :o are dispos$ to exclaim1 mak+ ,,%akespe>e',s words _! own1 ,prosp] our ,col\rs6 x ought to be und]/ood t _! ,national ,flags are end[$ ) h]aldic1 t is1 ) hi/orical significance1 record$ aft] an h]aldic fa%ion4 #b4 ,second3 ?is significance ( _! ,flags ought also to be und]/ood1 t x may be appreciat$1 by all true ,engli% p4 #c4 ,?ird3 our ,flags ought always to be made & repres5t$ correctly4 ,& #d4 ,la/ly3 our ,flags1 & all o!r ,flags also1 ought always to be hoi/$ & display$ rightly & prop]ly4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,royal ,,h]aldry ,,( ,,engl& ,,& ,,scotl& ,%ields ( ,arms ( ! ,reign+ ,sov]eigns ( ,engl&2 ( ,scotl&2 ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&-- ,cre/s-- ,support]s-- ,mottoes-- ,cr[ns-- ,bann]s-- ,armorial ,insignia ( ! late ,pr9ce ,consort2 ( ! ,pr9ce & ,pr9cess ( ,wales2 ( ! o!r ,pr9ces & ,pr9cesses4 ,on 8 ,bann] 7 ?ree ,leop>ds1 c\rant1 ( f9e gold1 set on r$3 fi]ce 7 !y1 haughty & cruel1 to signify t1 l !m1 ! ,,k+ is dreadful to 8 enemies2 = 8 bite is slight to none :o inflame 8 ang]3 & yet1 t[>ds su* z seek 8 fri5d%ip or submit to 8 p[] 8 k9dness is soon rek9dl$4 --,,roll ,,( ,,c>lav]ock4 ,) ,scotl&'s ,arms1 ,device & ,cre/ ,embroid]$ r\nd & r\nd4 --,,m>mion4 ,h[ ! ?ree ,leop>ds c\rant ( ! %rewd *ronicl] ( ,c>lav]ock are id5tical ) ! ?ree ,lions passant gu>dant ( ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,engl& ,i h already %[n 7see page #hd74 ,to ! ,norman ,sov]eigns ( ,engl&1 ,,william ,i41 ,,william ,,ii41 ,,h5ry ,i41 & ,,/eph5 7,a4,d4 #ajff-aaed71 ! same ,%ield ( ,arms has be5 assign$--,gu41 two lions pass4 gu>d41 9 pale1 or1 ,no4 #bb4 ,x mu/ be di/9ctly und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t !re exi/s no c]ta9 au?ority = ^! ,arms4 ,9 l mann]1 ,,/eph5 is also said to h borne on a r$ ,%ield ?ree gold5 ,sagitt>ies1 or ,c5taurs1 ) b[s & arr[s4 ,&1 aga91 ,,h5ry ,,ii4 is consid]$ to h add$ a ?ird lion to ! two on ! ,%ield ( 8 fa!r1 a s+le gold5 lion passant gu>dant on r$ be+ 7also consid]$ to be7 ! armorial ensign ( ! prov9ce ( ,aquita9e1 acquir$ by ,,h5ry 9 "r ( 8 ,consort1 ,,alianore4 ,z e>ly z ! reign ( ,,h5ry ,,iii41 a ,%ield ( ,arms1 ,no4 #bc1 0 assign$ to ! ,anglo-,saxon ,k+s3 ano!r ,%ield1 ,no4 #b1 0 assign$ to ,,edw>d ,,! ,,confessor3 & a ?ird ,%ield1 ,no4 #c1 to ano!r sa9t$ ,anglo-,saxon ,pr9ce1 ,,edmund4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bb4--,royal ,arms1 suppos$ to h be5 borne be=e ,a4,d4 #aahi4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ahg4--,royal ,arms1 f ,a4,d4 #aahi to #acdj4 ,f ! appe>ance ( ! ,second ,great ,seal ( ,,ri*>d ,i41 ab\t ,a4,d4 #aaie1 all unc]ta9ty conc]n+ ! ,royal ,arms ( ,engl& is at an end1 & !y are borne z foll[s by ! successive ,engli% ,sov]eigns3-- ,,ri*>d ,i43 ,,john3 ,,h5ry ,,iii43 ,,edw>d ,i43 ,,edw>d ,,ii43 & ,,edw>d ,,iii41 till ! ?irte5? ye> ( 8 reign1 ,a4,d4 #acdj3--;,gu41 ?ree lions passant gu>dant 9 pale or1--,no4 #ahg4 ,,edw>d ,,iii41 f ! ?irte5? ye> ( 8 reign1 :5 he claim$ to be ,k+ ( ,france z well z ( ,engl&1 & s /yl$ himself3 ,,ri*>d ,,ii43 & ,,h5ry ,,iv41 till ab\t ! fif? ye> ( 8 reign3--,france ,anci5t & ,engl& qu>t]ly1--,no4 #beb4 ,,ri*>d ,,ii4 sometimes bore ! ,arms ( ! ,,confessor1 ,no4 #b1 ) 8 own1 on a sep>ate %ield1 z at ,we/m9/] ,hall2 & sometimes he impal$ ! ,confessor's ,arms ) 8 own qu>t]$ ,%ield1 ! arms ( ! ,confessor hav+ ! prec$5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #beb4--,royal ,arms f ,a4,d4 #acdj to ab\t #adje4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bec4--,royal ,arms f ab\t ,a4,d4 #adje to #afjc4 ,,h5ry ,,iv4 f ab\t #adje3 ,,h5ry ,v43 ,,h5ry ,,vi43 ,,edw>d ,,iv43 ,,edw>d ,v43 ,,ri*>d ,,iii43 ,,h5ry ,,vii43 ,,h5ry ,,viii43 ,,edw>d ,,vi43 ,,m>y3 & ,,elizabe?1 to ,a4,d4 #afjc3--;,france ,mod]n & ,engl& ,qu>t]ly1 ,no4 #bec4 ,! ,royal ,%ield ( ,,scotl&1 ,no4 #ach1 fir/ appe>s ^u ! ,seal ( ,,alex&] ,,ii4 ab\t ,a4,d4 #abce2 &1 z ,mr4 ,seton well obs]ves1 ! orig9 ( its be>+s is veil$ by ! mi/s ( ,antiquity4 ,! same ,%ield1 )\t any modification or *ange1 0 borne by all ! ,sov]eigns ( ,scotl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ach4--,royal ,arms ( ,scotl&4 ,,james ,i43 ,,*>les ,i43 ,,*>les ,,ii43 ,,james ,,ii43 ,,william ,,iii4 & ,,m>y3 & ,,anne1 till ,may #a1 #agjg3 ,qu>t]ly3 #a & #d1 ,gr& ,qu>t]s1 ,france ,mod]n & ,engl& 7,no4 #bec73 #b1 ,gr& ,qu>t]1 ,scotl& 7,no4 #ach73 #c1 ,gr& ,qu>t]--,az41 a h>p or1 /r+$ arg41 = ,irel&3 ,no4 #dbc4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dbc4--,royal ,arms ( ! ,/u>t ,sov]eigns4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dbe4--;,diagram ( ,%ield ( ,william ,,iii4 & ,m>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dbd4--;,arms ( ,nassau4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dbf4--;,diagram ( ,%ield ( ,william ,,iii4 alone4 ,,william ,,iii41 z an elect$ ,sov]eign1 *>g$ 8 pat]nal %ield ( ,,nassau1 ,no4 #dbd--;,az41 billette1 a lion rampt4 or1--9 pret5ce ^u ! ,royal ,%ield3 also1 dur+ ! life ( 8 ,consort1 till ,dec4 #bh1 #afid1 he bore ! ,/u>t %ield ) ,nassau 9 pret5ce on ! dext] half ( 8 ,%ield1 & ?us impal$ 9 ! s9i/] half ( 8 ,%ield ! same ,/u>t arms1 z 9 ! ,diagram1 ,no4 #dbe1 to d5ote _! jo9t ,sov]eignty3 ! ,%ield repres5t$ 9 ?is ,diagram1 ,no4 #dbe1 be>s ! :ole ( ,no4 #dbc on its dext] half1 ) ,no4 #dbd 9 pret5ce2 & on its s9i/] half x also be>s ! :ole ( ,no4 #dbc4 ,:5 he reign$ alone1 ,,william ,,iii4 bore 8 own dext] half ( ! impal$ ,%ield alone1 z 9 ! ,diagram1 ,no4 #dbf3 ! ,%ield repres5t$ 9 ?is ,diagram be+ ! dext] half ( ,no4 #dbe4 ,que5 ,,anne1 f ,may #a1 #agjg1 till #agad1 bore ! ,royal ,arms m>%all$ z 9 ! ,diagram1 ,no4 #dbg3--a & #b1 ,engl& impal+ ,scotl&2 #c1 ,france ,mod]n 7,no4 #bec72 #d1 ,irel& 7! ,h>p1 z 9 ! ?ird qu>t] ( ,no4 #dbc74 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dbg4--;,diagram ( ! ,second ,royal ,%ield ( ,que5 ,anne4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dbh4--;,arms ( ,hanov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dbi4--;,diagram ( ! ,royal ,%ield f ,a4,d4 #agad to #ahja4 ,! ,arms ( ,,hanov]1 on ! accession ( ,,george ,i41 ,augu/ #a1 #agad1 7 add$ to ! ,%ield ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ by remov+ ! *>ges 7,engl& & ,scotl& impal$7 f ! f\r? qu>t] ( ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #dbg1 & *>g+ t qu>t] ) ! arms ( ,hanov] z !y appe> on ! ,%ield1 ,no4 #dbh3--,p] pale & p] *evron1 #a1 ,gu41 two lions passant gu>dant or1 = ,brunswick3 #b1 ,or1 ,seme ( he>ts1 a lion rampt4 az41 = ,lun5burgh3 #c1 ,gu41 a horse c\rant arg41 = ,we/phalia3 #d1 ,ov] all1 on an inescut*eon gules1 ! gold5 cr[n ( ,*>lemagne4 ,?is m>%all+ is %[n 9 ! ,diagram1 ,no4 #dbi1 :i* repres5ts a ,%ield be>+1--#a & #b1 ,engl& impal+ ,scotl&2 #c1 ,france ,mod]n2 #d1 ,irel&2 #e1 ,hanov] 7z 9 ,no4 #dbh1 )\t ! ,cr[n74 ,on ,janu>y #a1 #ahja1 ! ,fleurs de ,lys ( ,france 7 remov$ f ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,great ,brita91 :i* !n 0 m>%all$ z 9 ! diagram1 ,no4 #dcj1 qu>t]ly1 #a & #d1 ,engl&2 #b1 ,scotl&2 #c1 ,irel&2 #e1 ,hanov]--! %ield ( ,hanov] be+ ensign$ ) ! ,electoral ,bonnet1 ,no4 #bdj1 till #ahaf1 b1 aft] ,hanov] became a k+dom1 ) a ,royal ,cr[n 9 place ( ! ,electoral ,bonnet f #ahaf till #ahcg1 z x appe>s 9 ,no4 #dbh4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dcj4--;,diagram ( ! ,royal ,%ield f ,a4,d4 #ahja to #ahcg4 ,,george ,i43 ,,george ,,ii43 ,,george ,,iii41 till ,jan4 #a1 #ahja3--,! arms indicat$ 9 ! diagram1 ,no4 #dbi4 ,,george ,,iii41 till #ahaf3--,! arms indicat$ 9 ! diagram1 ,no4 #dcj1 ! inescut*eon ensign$ ) an electoral bonnet4 ,,george ,,iii41 aft] #ahaf3 ,,george ,,iv43 ,,william ,,iv43--,! same arms z ,no4 #dcj1 b ! inescut*eon ensign$ ) a ,royal ,cr[n4 ,,que5 ,,victoria1 ,,k+ ,,edw>d ,,vii41 & ,,k+ ,,george ,v43--,! same z ,no4 #dcj1 b )\t ! inescut*eon1 ! f\r qu>t]s be+ m>%all$ z on ! ,royal ,/&>d1 ,no4 #daf4 ,,royal ,,cre/s4 ,= ,,engl&3--,a gold5 lion /atant gu>dant1 imp]ially cr[n$2 assum$ by ,,edw>d ,,iii41 & by him borne on 8 ,helm /&+ ^u a ,cap ( ,e/ate2 reta9$ f 8 "t1 & n[ borne /&+ on an ,imp]ial ,cr[n4 ,no4 #dca4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dca4--,royal ,cre/ ( ,engl&4 ,= ,,scotl&3--,fir/ ,cre/4 ,a lion /atant gu>dant gu41 assum$ by ,,rob]t ,,ii41 ab\t ,a4,d4 #ache2 reta9$1 & ) "s modifications us$ by 8 successors1 till ab\t ,a4,d4 #aeej4 ,second ,cre/4 ,on an ,imp]ial ,cr[n1 a lion sejant affront erect gu42 imp]ially cr[n$1 hold+ 9 ! dext] paw a sword1 & 9 ! s9i/] paw a sceptre1 bo? erect & ppr42 ) ! motto--,,93 ,,def5se2 assum$ by ,,james ,v42 borne by ,,m>y1 & %[n 9 h] signet-r+1 ,no4 #dcb1 ab\t #aefd2 reta9$1 & n[ 9 use4 ,,royal ,,support]s4 ,= ,,engl&4 ,( unc]ta9 au?ority be=e ,,h5ry ,,vi41 :o bore two :ite antelopes3 also1 a lion & a pan!r1 or antelope4 ,,edw>d ,,iv43--,a lion or1 or arg5t1 & a bull sable3 or1 two lions arg5t3 or1 a lion & a h>t arg5t4 ,,ri*>d ,,iii43--,a lion or & a bo> arg43 or1 two bo>s arg4 ,,h5ry ,,vii43--,a dragon gu41 & a greyh\nd arg43 or1 two greyh\nds arg43 or1 a lion or & a dragon gu4 ,,h5ry ,,viii43--,a lion or & a dragon gu43 or1 a dragon gu41 & ei!r a bull sable1 a greyh\nd arg5t1 or a cock arg4 ,,edw>d ,,vi43--,a lion or1 & a dragon gu4 ,,m>y & ,,elizabe?3--,a lion or1 & a greyh\nd arg41 or a dragon gu4 ,= ,,scotl&4--,fir/ ,support]s3--,two lions rampt4 gu>d42 fir/ se5 on a ,seal ( ,,james ,i41 ,a4,d4 #adbi4 ,second ,support]s3 ,two silv] unicorns1 cr[n$ ) imp]ial & gorg$ ) op5 cr[ns & *a9$ or2 assum$ by ,,james ,,iv41 & reta9$ 9 use4 ,on ! signet ( ,que5 ,,m>y ,,/u>t1 ,no4 #dcb3 = ?is beautiful cut once m ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,la+4 ,= ! ,,unit$ ,,k+dom4 ,dext] ,support]3 ,a lion rampt4 gu>d41 royally cr[n$1 or4 ,s9i/] ,support]3 ,a unicorn rampt4 arg41 arm$1 cr9$ & gorg$ ) a coronet compos$ ( crosses patte & fleurs de lis1 & *a9$ or4 ,assum$ by ,,james ,i4 ( ,great ,brita93 reta9$1 & /ill 9 use4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dcb4--,! ,signet ( ,que5 ,m>y ,/u>t1 consid]ably enl>g$4 ,,royal ,,mottoes4 ,! anci5t ,engli% w>-cry--,,dieu 4 ,,et 4 ,,mon 4 ,,droit6--,god & my ,"r6 assum$ z a regul> ,motto by ,,h5ry ,,vi41 has be5 reta9$ 9 use s9ce 8 "t4 ,que5s ,,elizabe? & ,,anne also us$--,,semp] 4 ,,eadem--,always ! ,same4 ,,james ,i4 us$--,,beati 4 ,,pacifici--,bless$ are ! ,peace-mak]s4 ,mottoes ( ,scotl&3 ,,nemo 4 ,,me 4 ,,impune 4 ,,lacessit--,no man ) impunity attacks me3 &1 above ! ,cre/--,,9 4 ,,def5se4 ,! =m] is really ! ,motto ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,?i/le4 ,,! ,,cr[n ,till ! "t ( ,,h5ry ,,iv41 ! ,cr[n1 ! symbol ( ! ,sov]eignty ( ,engl&1 0 a gold5 circlet ri*ly jewell$1 & height5$ ) conv5tional /rawb]ry-leaves3 f9e examples are repres5t$ 9 ! effigies ( ,,h5ry ,,iii41 ,,john1 & ,,edw>d ,,ii4 ,,h5ry ,,iv41 z %[n by 8 spl5did effigy at ,cant]bury1 introduc$ fleurs de lys1 alt]nat+ ) ! leaves4 ,f ! "t ( ,,h5ry ,v41 ! circlet has be5 height5$ by crosses pattes & fleurs de lys alt]nat+1 f\r ( ea*1 & )\t any leaves4 ,,h5ry ,v4 also fir/ ar*$ ! circlet ) jewell$ b&s1 :i* at _! int]section he surm\nt$ ) a m\nd & cross4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #bcd4--;,cr[n ( ,h4,m41 ,! ,k+4 ,! ar*$ ,cr[n ( ,,h5ry ,v4 has f\r half-ar*es1--t is1 x is ar*$ ov] twice3 ,,h5ry ,,vi4 & ,,*>les ,i4 ar*$ _! cr[n ?ree times3 all ! o!r ,sov]eigns h _h two complete ar*es only1 & ! ,cr[n /ill reta9s ^! two ar*es int]sect+ at "r angles1 z 9 ,no4 #bcd4 ,at diff]5t p]iods1 :ile ! design ( ! ,cr[n has rema9$ un*ang$1 ! cont\r ( ! ar*es1 & ! arti/ic treatm5t ( ! ornam5tation h und]gone v>i\s modifications4 ,! ,,royal ,,bann]s1 or ,,/&>ds1 are *>g$ ) ! be>+s ( ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,arms = ! "t be+4 ,! ,armorial ,insignia ( ,h4,r4,h4 ! late ,,pr9ce ,,consort4 ,! ,,%ield 0--,qu>t]ly1 #a & #d1--,! ,royal ,arms ( ! late ,que51 z 9 ,no4 #daf1 b diff]5c$ ) a silv] label ( ?ree po9ts *>g$ on ! c5tral po9t ) a cross ( ,/4 ,george3 #b & #c1--,saxony1 ,no4 #bbe4 ,?is ,%ield 0 encircl$ ) ! ,g>t] ( ! ,ord]1 & ensign$ ) ! ,pr9ce's own ,coronet1 %[n 9 ,no4 #dda4 ,! ,,cre/ 0 ! ,royal ,cre/ ( ,engl&1 ,no4 #dca1 ! lion hav+ ! same label t diff]5ces ! ,%ield adju/$ ab\t 8 neck z a coll>1 & be+ cr[n$ ) ! coronet1 vide ,no4 #dda1 9 place ( ! ,imp]ial ,cr[n4 ,! ,,support]s 7 ^? ( ! ,royal ,arms1 ! gold5 lion & silv] unicorn1 bo? ( !m diff]5c$ ) ! same label1 & ! lion cr[n$ ) ! same coronet4 ,! ,motto4--,,treu 4 ,,und 4 ,,fe/--,true & ,fai?ful4 ,to ! dext] ( ?is ,a*ievem5t1 ! complete ,royal ,a*ievem5t ( ,,que5 ,,victoria4 ,! ,arms ( ,,k+ ,,edw>d ,,vii4 7 & ^? ( ,,k+ ,,george ,v4 are practically ! same z ^? ( ,,que5 ,,victoria4 ,z ,,pr9ces ,,( ,,wales1 ^! ,arms 7 diff]5c$ by a pla9 label ( ?ree po9ts arg5t1 & an inescut*eon ( ,,saxony 0 sup]impos$4 ,9 ea* case ^u accession to ! ?rone1 ! inescut*eon ( ,saxony 0 remov$1 & consequ5tly !re has be5 no *ange :atsoev] 9 ! ,royal ,arms1 ^? ( ,,k+ ,,edw>d & ,,k+ ,,george be+ ! same z ^? ( ,,que5 ,,victoria1 save1 ( c\rse1 ! necess>y *ange 9 ! ,royal ,cyph]s--! full blazon ( ! ,royal ,arms = ! pres5t reign be+3-- ,,arms4-- ,qu>t]ly1 #a & #d1 gules1 ?ree lions passant gu>dant 9 pale or 7,,engl&72 #b1 or1 a lion rampant )9 a d\ble tressure flory & c\nt]flory gules 7,,scotl&72 #c1 azure1 a h>p or1 /r+$ arg5t 7,,irel&74 ,,helmet--( gold1 affront & ) grylles4 ,,mantl+1 clo? ( gold l9$ ) erm9e4 ,,cre/s ^u ! ,imp]ial ,cr[n1 a lion /atant gu>dant1 cr[n$ or 7,,engl&74 ,^u ! ,cr[n ( ,scotl&1 a lion sejant erect affront gules2 cr[n$ or1 hold+ 9 ! dext] paw a sword1 & 9 ! s9i/] a sceptre1 bo? prop] 7,,scotl&74 ,on a ,wrea?1 or & azure1 a t[] triple-t[]$ ( ! fir/1 f ! portal a h>t spr++ arg5t1 attir$ & ungul$ gold 7,,irel&74 ,,support]s 7dext]71 a lion gu>dant or1 cr[n$ z ! cre/2 7s9i/]71 a unicorn arg5t1 arm$1 cr9$ & ungul$ or1 gorg$ ) a coronet compos$ ( crosses pate & fleurs de lis1 a *a9 affix$ !reto1 pass+ betwe5 ! =elegs & reflex$ ov] ! back ( ! la/4 ,,badges4-- #a4 ,! ,r$ & ,:ite ,rose1 unit$ & cr[n$ 7,,engl&74 #b4 ,! ,?i/le1 cr[n$ 7,,scotl&74 #c4 ,a ,h>p or1 /r+$ arg5t1 cr[n$ 7,,irel&74 #d4 ,a ,trefoil slipp$ v]t1 cr[n$ 7,,irel&74 #e4 ,! ,rose1 ,?i/le & ,%amrock unit$ on "o /em & cr[n$ 7,,unit$ ,,k+dom74 #f4 ,a ,%ield1 cr[n$ & be>+ ! device ( ! ,union ,jack 7,,unit$ ,,k+dom74 #g4 ,^u a m\nt v]t1 a dragon passant ) w+s elevat$ gules 7,,wales74 ,n4,b4--,?is badge is n cr[n$4 ,,motto4--,,dieu 4 ,,et 4 ,,mon 4 ,,droit 9 ! comp>tm5t bel[ ! ,%ield1 ) ! ,union1 ,rose1 ,%amrock1 & ,?i/le engraft$ on ! same /em4 ,! ,%ield is encircl$ by ! ,g>t] ( t ,ord]4 ,! ,arms ( ,h4,m4 ,,que5 ,,alex&ra1 e>ly 9 ! reign ( ,,k+ ,,edw>d1 7 decl>$ by ,royal ,w>rant4 ,)9 ! ,g>t] are impal$ 7dext]7 ! ,arms ( ,,k+ ,,edw>d ,,vii4 & 7s9i/]7 ! undiff]5c$ ,arms ( ,,d5m>k z "u3-- ,! ,,royal ,,arms ,,( ,,d5m>k4 ,! ,%ield divid$ into f\r qu>t]s by ! national :ite cross1 hav+ a bord] ( r$ to repres5t ! r$ field ( ! ,dani% ,ensign4 ,fir/ ,qu>t]3--,,d5m>k--,or1 seme ( he>ts gu41 ?ree lions pass4 gu>d4 9 pale az4 ,second ,qu>t]3--,,sleswick--,or1 two lions pass4 9 pale az4 ,?ird ,qu>t]3--,p] fesse1 9 *ief1 ,,sw$5--,az41 ?ree cr[ns or2 9 base1 ,,icel&--,gu41 a /ock-fi% arg41 cr[n$ or2 impal+1 = ,,f>oe ,,isl&s--,az41 a buck pass4 arg42 &1 = ,,gre5l&--a pol> be> rampt4 arg4 ,f\r? ,qu>t]3--,p] fesse1 9 *ief1 = ,,jutl&--,or1 t5 he>ts1 f\r1 ?ree1 two1 "o1 gu41 & 9 *ief a lion pass4 az42 9 base1 = ,,v&alia--,gu41 a wyv]n1 its tail n[$ & w+s exp&$1 or4 ,on an ,inescut*eon1 qu>t]ly3 ,fir/1 = ,,hol/e9--,gu41 an inescut*eon p] fesse arg4 & ( ! fir/1 9 e po9t !re( a nail 9 triangle1 betwe5 z _m holly-leaves1 all ppr4 ,second1 = ,,/orm]k--,gu41 a swan arg41 gorg$ ) a coronet or4 ,?ird1 = ,,ditzm]s--,az41 an arm$ knight ppr41 br&i%+ 8 sword1 8 *>g] arg4 ,f\r?1 = ,,lau5burgh--,gu41 a horse's head c\p$ arg4 ,ov] all1 9 pret5ce ^u a second ,inescut*eon1 ,,old5burgh--,or1 two b>s gu42 impal+--,az41 a cross pate fit*e or1 = ,,dalm5hur/4 ,! above-m5tion$ w>rant = ,h] ,maje/y decl>es ! arms to be surm\nt$ by ! ,royal ,cr[n1 & support$ 7dext]7 by a lion gu>dant1 & imp]ially cr[n$ or1 & 7s9i/]7 by a savage wrea!d ab\t ! temples & lo9s ) oak & support+ 9 8 ext]ior h& a club all prop]4 ,! ,arms ( ,h4,m4 ,,que5 ,,m>y1 z decl>$ by ,royal ,w>rant1 are3--,)9 ! ,g>t] ensign$ ) ! ,royal ,cr[n ! ,arms ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& impal+ qu>t]ly 7= ,cambridge7 ! ,royal ,arms z borne by ,,george ,,iii4 diff]5c$ by a label ( ?ree po9ts arg41 ! c5tre po9t *>g$ ) ! ,/4 ,george's ,cross1 & ea* ( ! o!r po9ts ) two he>ts 9 pale gu41 #bnd & #crd 7= ,teck7 or1 ?ree /ags' attires fesseways 9 pale1 ! po9t ( ea* attire to ! s9i/] sa41 impal+ or1 ?ree lions passant 9 pale sa41 langu$ gu41 ! dext] =e paws ( ! la/1 ov] all an inescut*eon paly b5dy s9i/] sa4 & or4 ,support]s 7dext]7 a lion gu>dant or1 cr[n$ ) ! ,royal ,cr[n ppr42 7s9i/]7 a /ag ppr4 ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales be>s a ,%ield--,qu>t]ly1 #a & #d1 ,,engl&2 #b1 ,,scotl&2 #c1 ,,irel&1 diff]5c$ by a pla9 label ( ?ree po9ts arg5t4 ,9 pret5ce ov] ^! ,arms he be>s an ,inescut*eon ( ! ,arms ( ,,wales1 viz4 qu>t]ly or & gu41 f\r lions passant gu>dant c\nt]-*ang$1 ! ,inescut*eon surm\nt$ by ! ,coronet ( ! ,heir-,app>5t4 ,8 ,cre/ is ! ,cre/ ( ,engl&1 & 8 ,support]s are also ! same1 b ! ,cre/ & ea* ( ! ,support]s are diff]5c$ by a simil> label1 & = ! ,imp]ial ,cr[n 9 ! ,cre/ & dext] support] ! coronet ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,,wales is sub/itut$4 ,! ,badges ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,,wales are two3--viz4 #a1 ,a plume ( ?ree o/ri* fea!rs arg41 quill$ or1 enfil$ by a coronet compos$ ( crosses pate & fleurs de lys1 ) ! ,,motto1 ,,i* ,,di53 #b1 on a m\nt v]t1 a dragon passant ) w+s elevat$ gu41 diff]5c$ ) a label ( ?ree po9ts arg4 ,bel[ ! ,,%ield ! ,,motto ,,i* ,,di5 is repeat$1 & ! ,%ield is surr\nd$ by ! ,g>t]4 ,! o!r ,,pr9ces & ,,pr9cesses1 y\ng] *ildr5 ( ! late ,,que5 ,,victoria1 all bore ! ,royal ,arms ( ! ,sov]eign1 ! ,pr9ces on ,%ields1 ! ,pr9cesses on ,loz5ges4 ,all _! ,royal ,highnesses bore ! ,royal ,support]s2 all h a ,%ield ( ,saxony1 9 pret5ce on _! own ,%ield or ,loz5ge2 all ensign _! ,%ield or ,loz5ge ) _! own ,coronet1 ,no4 #bij2 & ! ,pr9ces be> ! ,royal ,cre/4 ,9 e case1 ! dext] ,support] is cr[n$ & ! s9i/] ,support] is gorg$1 & ! ,cre/ /&s ^u & is ensign$ ) ! same ,coronet :i* appe>s above ! ,%ield z _! p>ticul> coronet ( rank3 all ! ,%ields1 ,loz5ges1 ,cre/s1 & ,support]s1 are diff]5c$ ) a silv] label ( ?ree po9ts1 ! labels be+ diff]5c$ z foll[s3-- ,h4,r4,h4 ! late ,duke ( ,,ed9burgh1 c43--,on ! c5tral po9t a r$ cross2 on ea* ( ! o!r two po9ts a r$ an*or 7:5 ! ,duke succe$$ to ! ?rone ( ,saxe-,coburg & ,go?a1 a radical *ange 9 8 ,arms 0 made74 ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,duke ( ,,connaught3--,r$ cross1 & two blue fleurs de lys4 ,h4,r4,h4 ! late ,duke ( ,,albany3--,r$ cross1 & two r$ he>ts4 ,h4,i4,m4 ! late ,,g]man ,,empress1 ,,pr9cess ,,royal ,,( ,,engl&1 on ! c5tral po9t ( h] label _h a r$ rose1 & on ea* ( ! o!r two po9ts a r$ cross4 ,h4,r4,h4 ! late ,pr9cess ,,alice ,,( ,,hesse _h on h] label a r$ rose1 betwe5 two erm9e spots4 ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ,,hel5a1 ,pr9cess ,,*ri/ian1 has on h] label a r$ cross betwe5 two r$ roses4 ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ,,l\ise 7,du*ess ( ,,argyll73--,r$ rose1 & two r$ cantons4 ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ,,beatrice3--,r$ he>t1 & two r$ roses4 ,! ,w>rants = ! ?ree daught]s ( ,k+ ,,edw>d 7 issu$ 9 ! lifetime ( ,que5 ,,victoria :5 !y 7 gr&*ildr5 ( ! ,sov]eign1 & no *ange has s9ce be5 made4 ,consequ5tly ! labels are ( five po9ts in/ead ( ?ree4 ,! ,*>ges ^u ! label ( ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,du*ess ( ,,fife 7,pr9cess ,,royal ,,( ,,engl&7 are3 ,?ree r$ crosses1 & two ?i/les slipp$ alt]nately4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,,victoria has a label ( five po9ts arg5t1 *>g$ ) ?ree roses & two crosses gules2 & ,h4,m4 ! ,que5 ( ,,norway a simil> label1 *>g$ ) ?ree he>ts & two crosses gules4 ,! label ( ,h4,r4,h4 ! fir/ ,duke ( ,,cambridge 0 silv]1 ( ?ree po9ts1 & ! po9ts diff]5c$ ) a r$ cross 9 ! c5tre1 & on ea* ( ! two side po9ts two r$ he>ts 9 pale4 ,! second & late ,duke bore ! same label z 8 fa!r1 & bel[ x a second label ( ?ree po9ts gules4 ,! label ( ,h4,r4,h4 ! fir/ ,duke ( ,,cumb]l& 7son ( ,,k+ ,,george ,,iii47 0 ( silv]1 & ( ?ree po9ts *>g$ ) a fleur de lys betwe5 two crosses gules4 ,! second ,duke bore an additional label ( ?ree po9ts gules1 ! c5tre po9t *>g$ ) ! :ite horse ( ,hanov]4 ,^! ,dukes bore ! ,royal ,arms z us$ 9 ! reign ( ,,george ,,iii4 & n z alt]$ = ,que5 ,,victoria1 diff]5c+ ! accessories z well z ! ,%ield ) _! labels4 ,9 #aijd a w>rant 0 issu$ = ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9ce ,,ar?ur ,,( ,,connaught4 ,! label 0 ( five po9ts *>g$ ) ?ree r$ crosses & two blue fleurs de lys alt]nately4 ,! coronet assign$ to him 0 ( crosses pate & /rawb]ry leaves alt]nately4 ,an int]e/+ w>rant 0 issu$ = ! ,pr9cess ,,victoria ,,eug5ie ,,( ,,batt5b]g1 n[ ,que5 ( ,,spa91 9 view ( h] !n approa*+ m>riage4 ,?is assign$ to h] ! arms ( h] fa!r )9 a bordure ( ,engl&1 & ea* ( ! support]s _h a bann] ( ! ,royal ,arms ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom plac$ 9 8 paws4 ,ev5 m int]e/+ 0 ! w>rant issu$ 9 #aiac to ,h4,h4 ,pr9cess ,,alex&ra1 ,du*ess ( ,,fife4 ,?is assign$ to h] ^u a loz5ge ! ,royal ,arms1 diff]5c$ by ! same label z t ( h] "m ! ,pr9cess ,royal1 & ^u an inescut*eon ! qu>t]ly coat ( ,duff1 ! inescut*eon be+ surm\nt$ by ! coronet ( a ,du*ess ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & ! loz5ge itself be+ surm\nt$ by ! coronet ( a ,pr9cess ( ! rank ( ,highness4 ,! dext] support] is ! ,royal ,lion ( ,engl& cr[n$ ) ! la/-m5tion$ coronet & *>g$ ) ! label z 9 ! arms4 ,! s9i/] support] is a savage tak5 f ! support]s ( ! late ,duke ( ,fife4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,ord]s ,,( ,,knigh?ood ,,& ,,insignia ,,( ,,hon\r ,feudal ,knigh?ood-- ,ord]s ( ,knigh?ood3 ,knights ( ,/4 ,john2 ,knights ,templ>s2 ,! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]2 ( ! ,?i/le2 ( ,/4 ,patrick2 ( ! ,ba?2 ( ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,george2 ( ,! ,/> ( ,india-- ,ord] ( ,m]it-- ,royal ,victorian ,ord]-- ,imp]ial ,s]vice ,ord]-- ,! ,victoria ,cross-- ,! ,alb]t ,m$al-- ,naval & ,milit>y ,m$als-- ,=eign ,insignia be/[$ on ,briti% ,subjects4 ,! same ,k+ w\ld make an ,ord] ( ,,knights ( himself & 8 ,sons1 & ( ! brave/ ( 8 l&4 --,,froiss>t4 ,i w say z ,i h said1-- ,?\ art a noble ,,knight4 --,,"l ,,( ,,! ,,isles4 ,,knigh?ood1 z t t]m is g5]ally und]/ood 9 its compreh5sive acceptation1 has be5 well def9$ to be a di/9ction ( rank among/ freem51 dep5d+ n ^u bir? or prop]ty1 b simply ^u ! admission ( ! p]son s di/+ui%$1 by ! gird+ ( a sword or o!r simil> solemnity1 into an ord] ( m5 hav+ by law or usage c]ta9 social or political privileges1 & also a c]ta9 appropriate title4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 f ?is def9ition t ,knigh?ood implies ! exi/5ce ( ^! two conditions3 ! "o1 t ! man to be admitt$ to ! rank ( ,knigh?ood %\ld possess su* qualifications z may entitle him to t di/9ction2 & ! o!r1 t ,knigh?ood %\ld be conf]r$ by a p]sonage end[$ ) a compet5t p[] & au?ority4 ,9 feudal times ! qualifications = ,knigh?ood 7 milit>y exploits ( a di/+ui%$ "*1 & em95t s]vices1 ( :atev] k9d1 r5d]$ to ! ,k+ & ! realm3 also1 ! hold+ a c]ta9 prop]ty 9 l& 79 ! "t ( ,,edw>d ,i41 l& !n ( ! ye>ly value ( #bj1 or upw>ds71 :e!r directly f ! ,k+1 or "u "s ,noble1 by ! feudal t5ure ( p]sonal milit>y s]vice to be r5d]$ "u c]ta9 e/abli%$ conditions2 b x has be5 disput$ :e!r !re 0 any necess>y connection betwe5 ,knigh?ood1 z su*1 & ! ,knight ,s]vice ( ,feudal ,t5ure4 ,dur+ ! fir/ two c5turies aft] ! ,conque/1 ,knigh?ood 0 conf]r$ by ! great ,b>ons & by ! ,spiritual ,pe]s1 z well z by ! ,k+ himself1 or by 8 appo9t$ repres5tative3 b1 aft] ! accession ( ,,h5ry ,,iii41 ! prevail+ rule appe>s to h be5 t 9 ,engl& no p]sons %\ld be creat$ ,knights except by ! ,k+1 or ! ,pr9ce ,royal act+ = 8 ,fa!r1 or by ! ,k+'s ,g5]al-9-,*ief1 or o!r p]sonal repres5tative4 ,! knightly rank1 z x gave an increase ( dignity1 impli$ also ! ma9t5ance ( a becom+ /ate1 & ! dis*>ge ( c]ta9 civil duties3 &1 m p>ticul>ly1 all ,knights 7 requir$ to make su* a provision = r5d]+ milit>y s]vice z 0 held to be consi/5t ) _! position & _! prop]ty2 & x 0 expect$ f !m t !y %\ld take a dignifi$ "p 9 ! *ivalr\s ex]cises & celebrations ( _! times4 ,x foll[$1 t feudal ,knigh?ood 0 a di/9ction :i*1 if n conf]r$ = ! sake ( hon\r1 became obligatory2 & f9es1 accord+ly1 7 impos$ ^u m5 qualifi$ = ,knigh?ood :o1 not)/&+1 7 f\nd n to be ,knights4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 z ! rig\r ( ! feudal sy/em abat$1 ! numb]s ( ! milit>y t5ants ( small t5ures greatly increas$3 &1 s9ce _m ( ^! p]sons _h no incl9ation = ! pr(ession ( arms1 !y gladly accept$ ! alt]native ( pay+ a f9e1 :i* enabl$ !m to evade an hon\r unsuit$ z well to _! means z to _! p]sonal ta/es & _! peaceful avocations4 ,a fruitful s\rce ( rev5ue ?us 0 secur$ = ! ,cr[n1 :ile ! milit>y "* ( ,knigh?ood 0 ma9ta9$1 & at ! same "t a new & important class ( ! community gradually became e/abli%$4 ,! ,knights ( ,norman ,engl&1 :o at fir/ 7 soldi]s ( ! highe/ ord]1 d]iv$ _! designation f _! w>like pr$ecessors ( ,anglo-,saxon times1 ! ^w cniht1 9 ! late ,anglo-,saxon tongue1 signify+ a milit>y att5dant4 ,:5 !y _h e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! position & 9 ! possession ( ! l&s ( ! ,anglo-,saxons1 ! ,anglo-,norman ,knights reta9$ _! own orig9al title4 ,! ,lat9 equival5t = t title ( ,knight is ,miles1 & ! ,norman-,fr5* is ,*evali]4 ,^! ,knights may be gr\p$ 9 two classes4 ,! fir/ class conta9s all p]sons :o _h be5 admitt$ into ! compreh5sive ,ord] ( ,*ivalry--:o 7 ,knights by reason ( _! common ,knigh?ood4 ,! second class is =m$ ( ,knights :o1 9 addition to _! ,knightly rank1 7 memb]s ( "s special & di/9ct ,frat]nity1 ,companion%ip1 or ,ord] ( ,knigh?ood4 ,e ,society ( ?is k9d has always possess$ ,laws1 ,in/itutions1 ,titles1 & ,insignia peculi> to itself4 ,! peculi> "* & object ( ! ,crusades l$ to ! =mation ( two ,ord]s ( ,prie/-,knights--,ord]s n belong+ to any p>ticul> nation1 b numb]+ among/ _! memb]s m5 ( all nations4 ,^! are ! ,ord]s ( ! ,,knights ,,( ,,/4 ,,john ,,( ,,j]usalem1 or ,,hospitall]s1 & ( ! ,,knights ,,templ>s4 ,! ,,hospitall]s1 in/itut$ ab\t ,a4,d4 #ajib1 7 introduc$ into ,engl& ab\t #aajj4 ,9 ! ye> #acaj !y 7 e/abli%$ at ,rhodes1 & 9 #aecj at ,malta1 "u _! =ty-?ird ,gr& ,ma/]1 ,,philippe ,,de ,,villi]s ,,de ,l',,isle-,,adam4 ,_! device is a silv] cross ( eight po9ts1 ,no4 #ajg1 *>g$ ^u a black field1 or worn ^u a black surcoat or mantle4 ,! ,ord] 0 f9ally suppress$ 9 ,engl& 9 #aeei4 ,! ,,templ>s1 in/itut$ ab\t ,a4,d4 #aaah1 7 introduc$ into ,engl& ab\t #aadj4 ,9 ! ye> #acji !y 7 suppress$1 & 9 #acab _! ,ord] 0 f9ally aboli%$4 ,!y wore a ,cross ( ! same =m z ,no4 #ajg1 b ( a r$ col\r ^u a :ite field4 ,?is r$ cross !y *>g$ ^u a :ite bann]3 & !y bore ano!r bann]1 ,no4 #ac1 ( black & :ite1 entitl$ ,beau ,seant4 ,! same words1 ,beau ,seant6 7 _! w>-cry4 ,! ,badges ( ! ,templ>s 7 ! ,agnus ,dei--! ,holy ,lamb1 hold+ a r$-cross bann]2 & a device repres5t+ two ,knights m\nt$ on a s+le horse1 int5d$ to d5ote ! orig9al pov]ty ( ! ,ord]4#h ,footnote #h3 ,! ,arms ( ! ,inn] ,temple ( ! pres5t day are--,azure1 a pegasus 7or w+$ horse7 arg5t1 or sometimes or4 ,?is ,coat is d]iv$ f ! e>ly ,badge1 ! two horsem5 hav+ be5 mi/ak5 9 lat] times = w+s4 ,! ,arms ( ! ,middle ,temple are--,arg5t1 on a cross gules1 ! ,agnus ,dei4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dcc4--;,insignia ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]4 ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,g>t]1 a milit>y ,frat]nity "u ! special patronage ( ,,/4 ,,george1 ! good ,knight1 0 in/itut$ at ,w9dsor by ,k+ ,,edw>d ,,iii4 91 or ab\t1 ! ye> #acej--v probably 9 ! summ] ( #acdh1 b ! exact "t is n positively kn[n4 ,x may safely be assum$1 t ! occasion :i* l$ to ! in/itution ( ?is mo/ noble & r5[n$ ,ord]1 0 a ,t\rnam5t or ,ha/ilude ( unusual importance held at 8 ,ca/le ( ,w9dsor by ,,edw>d ,,iii4 at ! mo/ brilliant p]iod ( 8 reign3 & x is highly probable t ! ,ord] sugge/$ itself to ! m9d ( ! ,k+1 z a natural result ( 8 own *ivalr\s revival ( a knightly ,r\nd ,table1 su* z fl\ri%$ 9 ! days ( ,k+ ,ar?ur4 ,h[ mu* ( hi/orical fact !re may be 9 ! popul> leg5d1 :i* pr(esses to d]ive f a c]ta9 romantic incid5t ! ,title c]ta9ly borne by ,k+ ,,edw>d',s ,ord] f ! "t ( its orig9al in/itution1 x is n possible to det]m9e3 b ! leg5d itself is n 9 any way inconsi/5t ) ! _s ( ^? times2 nor w\ld ! ,knights ,f\nd]s ( ! ,g>t] reg>d _! ,ord] z ! less hon\rable1 because its ,title might rem9d !m ( ! happy gallantry1 ) :i* ! casual misadv5ture ( a noble ,lady _h be5 turn$ to s good an acc\nt by a mo/ pr9cely ,mon>*4 ,! ,/atutes ( ! ,ord] h be5 cont9ually modifi$ & alt]$1 & ! orig9al milit>y "* ( ! ,in/itution has long ceas$ to exi/3 /ill1 no *anges 9 ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t] h affect$ ! pre-em95ce ( its dignity & reputation4 ,illu/ri\s n[ z ev]1 & =emo/ 9 rank & hon\r 9 our own c\ntry1 ! ,,g>t] is second to no knightly ,ord] 9 ! _w4 ,! ,,mo/ ,,noble ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,g>t] consi/s ( ! ,,sov]eign & ,tw5ty-five ,,knights ,,companions1 ( :om ! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales always is "o4 ,by a ,/atute ( ! ye> #ahje1 ! ,ord] includes su* l9eal desc5dants ( ,,george ,,iii4 z may be elect$3 & /ill m rec5t /atutes h provid$ = ! admission ( =eign ,sov]eigns1 & also ( c]ta9 ,extra ,knights1 :o are elect$ ,companions z vacancies occur4 ,! ,,(fic]s ( ! ,ord] are--,! ,prelate1 ! ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]3 ! ,*ancellor1 ! ,bi%op ( ,ox=d3 ! ,regi/r>1 ! ,dean ( ,w9dsor3 ! ,h]ald1 ,g>t] ,k+ ( ,arms3 &1 ! ,u%] ( ! ,black ,rod4 ,knights ( ! ,g>t] place ! initials ,k4,g4 aft] _! names2 & ^! lett]s take prec$5ce ( all o!r titles1 ^? ( ,royalty alone except$4 ,! ,/alls ( ! ,knights are 9 ! *oir ( ,/4 ,george's ,*apel1 ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 :]e _! ,g>t]-plates are fix$1 & _! ,bann]s are display$4 ,! ,,insignia ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t] are--,! ,g>t] itself1 ( a light blue orig9ally1 n[ ( a d>k blue1 ) bord]1 buckle1 & p5dant ( gold4 ,on x1 9 gold5 lett]s1 ! ,motto--,,honi 4 ,,soit 4 ,,qvi 4 ,,mal 4 ,y 4 ,,p5se--,di%on\r to him :o ?9ks ill ( x2 & n1 z x is commonly r5d]$1 ,evil to him t evil ?9ks4 ,! ,badge ( ! ,ord] is circul>1 & =m$ ( a buckl$ ,g>t] enclos+ a ,%ield ( ,/4 ,george1 ! :ole blazon$ 9 ! prop] t9ctures3 x is worn on ! left %\ld] ( ! blue velvet ,mantle4 ,:5 irradiat$ ) eight rays ( silv] or diamonds1 a device resembl+ ! ,badge 9 e respect1 except t ! cross ( ,/4 ,george is enclos$ )9 ! ,g>t] )\t be+ *>g$ on a ,%ield1 =ms ! ,/> ( ! ,ord]4 ,! ,coll>1 ( gold enamell$1 is =m$ ( twelve buckl$ ,g>t]s1 ea* encircl+ a ,tudor ,rose1 & z _m knots ( int]tw9$ cords4 ,atta*$ to ?is ,coll> is ! ,george--a m\nt$ figure ( ! ,sa9t 9 ! act ( trampl+ d[n ! dragon & pi]c+ him ) 8 lance4 ,! ,coll> & ,george 7 add$ to ! ,insignia by ,,h5ry ,,vii4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dcd4--,! ,less] ,george1 ( ! ,g>t]4 ,! ,less] ,george1 or ,jewel1 add$ by ,,h5ry ,,viii41 has ! same device plac$ on an enamell$ field1 & =m+ a jewel g5]ally oval 9 =m2 x is encircl$ by a buckl$ ,g>t] ( ! ,ord]1 & repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #dcd4 ,x 0 ?is ,less] ,george t ,,*>les ,i41 imm$iately be=e he suff]$1 deliv]$ to ,ar*bi%op ,,juxon1 ) ! ^w1 ,rememb]4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 ! figure ( ,,/4 ,,george ought always to be repres5t$ z a ,knight1 arm$ & equipp$ z "o ( ! ,*ri/ian *ivalry ( ! ,middle ,ages--n z a pagan horseman ( antiquity1 & m p>ticul>ly n 9 ! guise ( su* a nude *ampion z appe>s on "s ( our mod]n co9s4 ,! ,less] ,george1 (t5 incorrectly call$ ! ,badge1 at fir/ 0 sometimes worn f a gold *a91 & sometimes f a black ,ribbon4 ,! ,col\r ( ! ribbon 0 *ang$ to sky blue by ,que5 ,,elizabe?2 & x has s9ce be5 aga9 *ang$ to ! d>k blue ( ! broad ,ribbon n[ worn4 ,?is ,ribbon ( ! ,ord] crosses ! figure ( ! we>]1 pass+ ov] ! left %\ld]1 & ! ,less] ,george hangs f x "u ! "r arm4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,,*>les ,,ii4 x has be5 cu/om>y = ! ne>e/ repres5tatives ( a deceas$ ,k4,g4 to return 8 ,insignia to ! ,sov]eign4 ,ea* ,(fic] ( ! ,ord]1 except ! ,u%]1 has 8 own prop] ,badge4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dej4--;,insignia ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,?i/le4 ,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,?i/le1 ,,( ,,scotl&1 /yl$ ,mo/ ,noble & ,mo/ ,anci5t1 & indicat$ by ! ,initials ,k4,t41 0 orig9ally in/itut$ long be=e ! accession ( a ,scotti% ,sov]eign to ! ,cr[n ( ,engl&2 b x is n[ gov]n$ by /atutes fram$ by ,,james ,,ii4 ( ,great ,brita91 ,,anne1 & ,,george ,,iv4 ,! ,ord] consi/s ( ! ,,sov]eign & sixte5 ,,knights4 ,its ,,(fic]s are--,! ,dean2 ! ,"l ,lyon ,k+ ( ,arms2 & ! ,g5tleman ,u%] ( ! ,gre5 ,rod4 ,! ,,insignia are--,! ,badge ( gold enamell$1 be+ a figure ( ,/4 ,&rew /&+ ^u a m\nt hold+ 8 silv] ,saltire & surr\nd$ by rays 9 ! =m ( a glory4 ,?is ,badge is worn f ! ,coll> ( ! ,ord]1 =m$ ( sixte5 ,?i/les alt]nat+ ) z _m bun*es ( rue-sprigs2 or1 f a broad d>k gre5 ,ribbon1 :i* crosses ! left %\ld]4 ,!re are f9e examples ( ^! ,insignia sculptur$ ^u ! ,monum5t ( ,,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,! jewel is %[n 9 ,no4 #dce4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dce4--;,jewel ( ! ,?i/le4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dcf4--;,badge ( ,/4 ,patrick4 ,! ,/> ( ?is ,ord]1 ( silv] or diamonds1 is 9 ! =m ( a ,/4 ,&rew's ,saltire1 hav+ its f\r limbs alt]nat+ ) ! f\r po9ts ( a loz5ge3 9 ! c5tre1 surr\nd$ by ! ,motto 7,,nemo ,,me ,,impune ,,lacessit71 is a ,?i/le prop]4 ,! ,mo/ ,illu/ri\s ,ord] ( ,,/4 ,,patrick1 ,,( ,,irel&1 indicat$ by ! ,initials1 ,k4,p41 & in/itut$ 9 #aghc by ,,george ,,iii41 consi/s ( ! ,,sov]eign1 ! ,,gr& ,,ma/]1 & tw5ty-two ,,knights4 ,! ,,(fic]s are ! ,gr& ,ma/]1 ! ,*ancellor1 ! ,secret>y1 ,ul/] ,k+ ( ,arms & ,regi/r>1 two ,h]alds1 & "o ,pursuivant1 ! ,g5ealogi/1 & ! ,u%] ( ! ,black ,rod4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dea4--;,insignia ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,patrick4 ,! ,,insignia are--,! ,badge or ,jewel1 ( gold enamell$1 & oval 9 =m4 ,x has a ,%amrock 7or ,trefoil slipp$7 hav+ on ea* leaf a ,royal ,cr[n1 *>g$ on ! ,saltire ( ,/4 ,patrick1 ! field be+ surr\nd$ by ! ,motto--,,qvis 4 ,,sep>abit 4 7,:o w sev]87 ,,mdcclxxxiii41 on a blue b&1 :i* 9 its turn is encircl$ ) a wrea? ( ,%amrocks on gold4 ,?is ,badge1 ,no4 #dcf1 is worn f ! ,coll>1 compos$ ( ,roses & ,h>ps1 alt]nat+ ) ea* o!r & ) knott$ cords1 a ,cr[n surm\nt+ a ,h>p be+ 9 ! c5tre2 or1 ! ,badge is worn f a broad sky-blue ,ribbon1 cross+ ! "r %\ld]4 ,! ,/> resembles ! ,badge1 except t its c5tre is circul> in/ead ( oval2 & t x has eight rays ( silv] or diamonds1 9 place ( ! wrea? ( ,%amrocks4 ,! ,mo/ ,hon\rable ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,ba? is an e>ly ,in/itution :i*1 aft] hav+ long be5 9 abeyance1 has be5 reviv$ & remodell$1 & has receiv$ fre% /atutes 9 ! ye>s #agbe1 #ahae1 #ahdg1 & #ahei4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #deb4--;,coll> & ,milit>y ,badge4 ,insignia ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,ba?4 ,! ,ord]1 n[ numb]+ ab\t a ?\s& memb]s1 consi/s ( sev]al di/9ct ,gr\ps or ,classes1 :i* include1 ) ! ,,sov]eign1 ! ,royal ,pr9ces1 & "s few di/+ui%$ ,=eign]s1 ,(fic]s ( our own ,navy & ,army1 & also ,diplomatic & ,civil ,s]vants ( ! ,cr[n4 ,! ,?ree ,classes ( ! ,ord] alike include memb]s ( ! ,?ree ,s]vices1 & ea* class is divid$ into two divisions1 viz4 ,milit>y & ,civil4 ,! ,fir/ ,class1 ( ,,knights ,,gr& ,,cross ,,( ,,! ,,ba?--,g4,c4,b4--has #ee ,milit>y & #bg ,civil ,knights4 ,! ,second ,class numb]s 7) p[] to increase ^! numb]s7 #ade ,milit>y & #ajh ,civil ,,knights ,,comm&]s ,,( ,,! ,,ba?--,k4,c4,b4 ,! ,?ird ,class1 n ( ,knights1 b ( ,,companions ,,( ,,! ,,ba?--,c4,b4--has #gje ,milit>y & #bih ,civil ,memb]s1 :o take rank betwe5 ,knights & ,esquires4 ,! ,,milit>y ,,insignia are--,! ,,badge1 a complicat$ comb9ation ( devices1 *>act]i/ic ( ! debas$ p]iod :i* produc$ x4 ,x is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #dcg4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dcg4--;,badge ( ! ,ba? 7,milit>y ,division74 ,! ,cross is :ite2 ! circle ) ! ,motto1 r$2 & ! small scroll 9 base1 blue2 all ! re/ be+ enamell$ prop]4 ,?is ,badge is worn by ! ,g4,c4,b4 atta*$ to a ,coll>1 =m$ ( n9e ,cr[ns & eight clu/]s ( ! ,rose1 ,?i/le1 & ,%amrock issu+ f a ,sceptre1 alt]nat+ ) sev5te5 ,knots enamell$ arg5t3 or1 ?is ,badge is susp5d$ by ! ,g4,c4,b4 f a broad r$ ,ribbon1 cross+ ! left %\ld]4 ,by ! ,k4,c4,b4 ! ,badge is worn f a n>r[] r$ ,ribbon ab\t ! neck1 or a /ill n>r[] at ! button-hole4 ,also1 by ! ,c4,b4 x is atta*$ to a n>r[ r$ ,ribbon at ! button-hole4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dec4--,/> ( ,knight ,gr& ,cross 7,civil74 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ded4--,/> ( ,knight ,comm&] 7,milit>y74 ,! ,/> ( ! ,g4,c4,b4 is simil> to ! ,badge )\t ,! ,cross & ! lions1 surr\nd$ by silv] rays hav+ a loz5ge-%ap$ outl9e4 ,! ,/> ( ! ,k4,c4,b41 :i* is 9 ! =m ( a ,maltese ,cross1 omits ! ,cross ( ! ,badge4 ,! ,c4,b4 h no ,/>4 ,! ,diplomatic & ,civil ,,insignia are--,! ,badge1 ,no4 #dch1 worn ) ! same di/9ctions z ! ,naval & ,milit>y ,badge2 b ! ,c4,b4 ,badge is ( small] size ?an ! ,badges ( ! two high] ,classes4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dch4--;,badge ( ! ,ba? 7,civil ,division74 ,! ,/> ( ! ,g4,c4,b4 has eight silv] rays encircl+ _! ,badge 9 a circul> =m4 ,! ,/> ( ! ,k4,c4,b4 is ! same z t ( ! ,naval & ,milit>y ,k4,c4,b41 omitt+ ! laurel-wrea? & ! small scroll & motto4 ,! ,motto ( ! ,ord]--,,tria 4 ,,juncta 4 ,,9 4 ,,uno--,?ree unit$ 9 "o1 ref]s to ! ,union ( ! ?ree ,realms ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&1 9 ! ,ord]4 ,! ,/alls ( ! ,knights ( ! ,ba?1 be=e ! ,ord] 0 divid$ into classes1 & ^? ( _! ,esquires1 are 9 ,h5ry ! ,sev5?'s ,*apel1 ,we/m9/] ,abbey2 b no in/allation has tak5 place s9ce #ahae1 :5 ! ,ord] 0 reorganis$1 & no new plates or bann]s h be5 set up4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dee4--,ord] ( ,m]it4 ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,m]it 7,o4,m47 in/itut$ 9 ! ye> #aijb1 al?\gh x gives to its memb]s nei!r /yle nor prec$5ce1 ranks next to ! ,ord] ( ! ,ba?1 & is divid$ into two classes1 ,milit>y & ,civil4 ,! only ,insignia are ! ,badge & ! ,ribbon p>ti-col\r$ ( r$ & blue4 ,! ,badge is a cross pate ( f\r arms1 ! outl9e ( ! cross be+ circul>4 ,! cross is ( blue enamel & sup]impos$ !reupon a small] cross ( ! same design ( r$4 ,! c5tre is blue1 be>+ ! words1 ,,= ,,m]it1 9 gold lett]s )9 a laurel wrea?4 ,! cross is surm\nt$ by ! ,royal ,cr[n4 ,! rev]se ( ! ,badge %[s ! ,royal & ,imp]ial ,cyph]4 ,to ! ,badge two swords saltirewise 9 ! angles ( ! cross are add$ 9 ! case ( memb]s ( ! ,milit>y ,division4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #def4--;,coll> & ,insignia ( ! ,exalt$ ,ord] ( ! ,/> ( ,india4 ,! ,mo/ ,exalt$ ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,/> ,,( ,,india1 in/itut$ by ,que5 ,victoria 9 #ahfa1 to r5d] especial hon\r to high m]it & loyalty 9 ! ,indian ,empire1 0 enl>g$ on ! #bd? ( ,may #ahff1 & orda9$ to consi/ ( ! ,,sov]eign1 a ,,gr& ,,ma/]1 & #bia ,ord9>y ,,companions or ,,memb]s2 toge!r ) su* extra & ,honor>y ,memb]s z ! ,sov]eign at any "t may be pleas$ to appo9t4 ,! ,,vic]oy ,,& ,,gov]nor-,,g5]al ,,( ,,india = ! "t be+ is always ! ,,gr& ,,ma/]4 ,! ,ord9>y ,memb]s are divid$ into ,?ree ,classes3--,! ,fir/ ,class comprises #cf ,,knights ,,gr& ,,comm&]s3 ,g4,c4,s4,i4 ,9 ! ,second ,class !re are #he ,,knights ,,comm&]s3 ,k4,s4,i4 ,&1 ! ,?ird ,class numb]s #agj ,,companions3 ,c4,s4,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dci4--;,badge ( ! ,/> ( ,india4 ,! ,,insignia are--,! ,badge1 ,no4 #dci1 =m$ ( diamonds1 hav+ ! ,motto on a field ( light blue enamel1 & ! bu/ ( ! late ,que5 execut$ z an onyx cameo4 ,?is ,badge is atta*$ by a mullet to ! ,coll>1 compos$ ( h]aldic roses & lotus fl[]s alt]nat+ ) palm-bran*es1 a cr[n be+ 9 ! ,c5tre3 or1 ! ,badge is worn f a ,ribbon ( pale blue ) :ite bord]s cross+ ! left %\ld]4 ,! ,/>1 ( diamonds1 has a mullet ^u an irradiat$ field 9 its c5tre1 )9 ! ,motto--,,heav5',s 4 ,,light 4 ,,our 4 ,,guide1 ! :ole be+ environ$ ) wavy rays hav+ a circul> outl9e4 ,! ,mo/ ,di/+ui%$ ,,ord] ,,( ,,/4 ,,mi*ael ,,& ,,/4 ,,george1 orig9ally in/itut$ 9 #ahah = use 9 ,malta & ! ,ionian ,isl&s1 has be5 ext5d$ & enl>g$ 9 #ahfh1 #ahgg1 & #aijb1 & n[ is aw>d$ = ,colonial & = ,=eign ,s]vices4 ,x consi/s ( #ajj ,,knights ,,gr& ,,cross 7,g4,c4,m4,g471 #cjj ,,knights ,,comm&]s 7,k4,c4,m4,g471 & #fjj ,,companions 7,c4,m4,g471 9 addition to ,honor>y ,memb]s4 ,! numb]s are n adh]$ to4 ,! ,/> is ( sev5 long rays1 small] rays int]v5+4 ,?is is *>g$ ) ! ,cross ( ,/4 ,george1 & 9 ! c5tre is a repres5tation ( ,/4 ,mi*ael enc\nt]+ ,satan )9 a blue circle1 be>+ ! ,motto ( ! ,ord]1 ,,auspicium ,,melioris ,,vi4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #deg4--,/> & ,coll> ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,george4 ,! ,coll> is compos$ alt]nately ( lions ( ,engl&1 ,maltese ,crosses1 & ,cyph]s1 ,s4 ,m4 & ,s4 ,g4 ,9 ! c5tre is ! ,cr[n ov] two w+$ lions passant gu>dant1 ea* hold+ a book & sev5 arr[s4 ,! ,badge is a gold cross ( f\rte5 po9ts ( :ite enamel1 & has 9 ! c5tre1 )9 ! ,motto ( ! ,ord] 7on ! "o side71 ,/4 ,mi*ael enc\nt]+ ,satan 7& on ! o!r side71 ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon4 ,! ,badge is surm\nt$ by ! ,cr[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #deh4--;,em95t ,ord] ( ! ,indian ,empire4 ,! ,mo/ ,em95t ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,indian ,,empire1 in/itut$ 9 #ahgh & subsequ5tly enl>g$1 is ! second ,indian ,ord]1 & consi/s ( ?ree classes1 ,,knights ,,gr& ,,comm&]s 7,g4,c4,i4,e471 ,,knights ,,comm&]s 7,k4,c4,i4,e471 & ,,companions 7,c4,i4,e474 ,! ,/> is ( five rays ( silv]1 alt]nat$ ) z _m rays ( gold4 ,9 ! c5tre1 )9 a purple circle1 inscrib$ ) ! ,motto1 ,,imp]atricis ,,auspiciis1 & surm\nt$ by ! ,cr[n1 is an effigy ( ,que5 ,,victoria4 ,! ,coll> is compos$ ( elephants1 lotus-fl[]s1 peacocks 9 _! pride1 & ,indian roses1 all connect$ by gold *a9s4 ,! ,badge is a r$ enamell$ rose1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* is ! effigy )9 ! ,motto z on ! ,/>4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dei4--,! ,badge4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dfj4--;,g4,c4,v4,o4 ,/>4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dfa4--,k4,c4,v4,o4 ,/>4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dfb4--;,g4,c4,v4,o4 ,badge4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dfc4--,k4,c4,v4,o4 ,badge4 ,! ,,royal ,,victorian ,,ord] 0 in/itut$ 9 #ahif z ! p]sonal ,ord] ( ! ,briti% ,sov]eign1 & is divid$ into five classes--,,knights ,,gr& ,,cross 7,g4,c4,v4,o471 ,,knights ,,comm&]s 7,k4,c4,v4,o471 ,,comm&]s 7,c4,v4,o471 & ,memb]s ( ! ,f\r? & ,fif? ,classes 7bo? ,m4,v4,o474 ,! ,/> is ( eight po9ts1 & ( *ipp$ silv]1 hav+ 9 ! c5tre a repres5tation ( ! ,badge4 ,! ,,badge is a :ite ,maltese ,cross4 ,x has an oval enamell$ c5tre ( crimson ) ! monogram ,v4 ,r4 ,i41 )9 a blue enamell$ circle1 c>ry+ ! ,motto ( ! ,ord] ,,victoria1 ! circle surm\nt$ by ! ,cr[n4 ,!re is no coll> = ! ord]1 b ! ,k+ occasionally be/[s1 z an extreme m>k ( fav\r1 ,! ,royal ,victorian ,*a91 a decoration n gov]n$ by express ,/atute4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dfd4--;,di/+ui%$ ,s]vice ,ord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dfe4--;,imp]ial ,s]vice ,ord]4 ,! ,,di/+ui%$ ,,s]vice ,,ord] is a ,milit>y ,decoration in/itut$ 9 #ahhf1 b :i* does n c>ry ! /yle ( ,knigh?ood4 ,! ,badge is a gold cross enamell$ :ite & ( a circul> outl9e4 ,9 ! c5tre 7on ! "o side7 is ! ,cr[n on a r$ enamel gr\nd )9 a wrea? ( laurel1 7& on ! o!r side7 ! ,royal ,cyph] takes ! place ( ! ,cr[n4 ,! ,,imp]ial ,,s]vice ,,ord]1 a purely ,civil ,decoration in/itut$ 9 #aijb1 is conf9$ to ! ,adm9i/rative ,s]vices ( ! ,empire4 ,! ,badge is an eight-ray$ /> be>+ 7on "o side7 ! ,royal ,cyph] & 7on ! o!r side7 ,= fai?ful s]vice1 surr\nd$ by a wrea? ( laurel & surm\nt$ by ! ,cr[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ddj4--,! ,victoria ,cross4 ,! ,,victoria ,,cross1 ( bronze1 0 in/itut$ by h] late ,maje/y ,que5 ,,victoria 9 #ahef1 to r5d] hon\r to conspicu\s brav]y 9 actual conflict1 by sea or l&4 ,?is ,cross1 ,no4 #ddj1 is worn on ! left brea/1 atta*$ to a blue ribbon = ! ,navy1 & to a r$ ribbon = ! ,army4 ,a ,b> is atta*$ to ! ribbon = e additional su* act ( brav]y z w\ld h won ! ,cross4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dda4--,! ,alb]t ,m$al4 ,! ,,alb]t ,,m$al1 ,no4 #dda1 :i* 0 in/itut$ also by ,que5 ,,victoria1 dates f ,m>* #ac1 #ahff1 & is to di/+ui% ^? :o save1 or :o at ! p]il ( _! own lives endeav\r to save1 life or p]=m o!r m]itori\s acts ( brav]y4 ,! ,coronet is t ( ,h4,r4,h4 ! late ,,pr9ce ,,consort2 & ! ,monogram consi/s ( ! ,initials ,v4 ,a41 ) an an*or4 ,?is ,m$al is execut$ 9 ,silv] & ,bronze = two classes ( recipi5ts4 ,! an*or 9 ! ,badge is omitt$ :5 aw>d$ = l& s]vices4 ,o!r ,decorations are ,! ,royal ,ord] ( ,victoria & ,alb]t 7( f\r classes7 & ! ,imp]ial ,ord] ( ! ,cr[n ( ,india 7( "o class71 bo? conf9$ to ladies1 ! ,kais>-i-,h9d ,m$al1 ! ,volunte] ,(fic]s' ,decoration1 ! ,t]ritorial ,decoration1 ! ,edw>d ,m$al1 ! ,k+'s ,police ,m$al1 ! ,royal ,r$ ,cross1 & ! ,ord] ( ,m]cy2 :il/ ! ,ord] ( ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,john ( ,j]usalem 9 ,engl& receives (ficial recognition4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,prec$5ce4 ,,g5ealogies ,ord]s & ,degrees ,j> n ) ,lib]ty1 b well consi/4 --,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,v4 ,! use ( ,arms 0 closely connect$ ) ! ,/udy ( ,g5ealogy4 --,,dallaway1 ,sci5ce ( ,h]aldry 7,a4,d4 #agic74 ,:5 ,,james ,i4 succe$$ to ! ,cr[n ( ,engl& :ile he 0 actually ! ,k+ regnant ( ,scotl&1 & accord+ly became ,sov]eign ( ! two ,realms1 he f\nd x necess>y to produce a ,union ,flag = ! :ole ( ,great ,brita91 9 consequ5ce ( ! s]i\s disputes = ,prec$5ce t arose betwe5 ! natives ( ,s\? & ,nor? ,brita94 ,be=e ! "t ( ! peace-lov+ son ( ,m>y ,/u>t1 a ,sov]eign ( ano!r m\ld1 ,,h5ry ,,viii41 _h felt ! necessity ( fram+ & e/abli%+ "s def9ite sy/em ( ,prec$5ce among/ ! v>i\s degrees1 ord]s1 & ranks ( 8 subjects3 &1 9 #aeci1 a /atute to t effect 0 enact$4 ,o!r /atutes aft]w>ds 7 add$2 &1 f "t to "t1 ,royal ,lett]s ,pat5t on ! same subject h be5 issu$2 & ?us ! ,prec$5ce n[ recognis$ & 9 use among/ u has be5 e/abli%$4 ,! ,g5]al ,scale ( ,prec$5ce foll[s1 b !re are ,special scales = use 9 7a7 ,scotl&1 7b7 ,irel&1 7c7 ,india1 7d7 ,canada1 7e7 ,colonies1 7f7 ,army & ,navy1 7g7 ,diplomatic ,s]vice4 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,ord] ,,( ,,prec$5ce4 ,! ,,sov]eign4 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,! ,y\ng] ,sons ( ! ,sov]eign4 ,! ,gr&sons ( ! ,sov]eign4 ,! ,bro!rs ( ! ,sov]eign4 ,! ,uncles ( ! ,sov]eign4 ,! ,nephews ( ! ,sov]eign4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury4 ,! ,"l ,*ancellor4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,york4 ,! ,premi]4 ,! ,"l ,high ,treasur]4 ,! ,"l ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,! ,"l ,privy ,seal4 ,! foll[+ ,,great ,,(fic]s ,,( ,,/ate prec$e all ,pe]s ( _! own ,degree--t is1 if ,dukes1 !y prec$e all o!r ,dukes2 if ,e>ls1 all o!r ,e>ls2 c43-- ,! ,"l ,great ,*amb]la94 ,! ,"l ,high ,con/able4 ,! ,e>l ,m>%al4 ,! ,"l ,high ,admiral4 ,! ,"l ,/ew>d ( ! ,royal ,h\sehold4 ,! ,"l ,*amb]la9 ( ! ,royal ,h\sehold4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,horse4 ,! ,pe]s ( ea* ,degree take ,prec$5ce 9 _! own ,degree1 accord+ to _! ,pat5ts ( ,creation4 ,dukes 7a7 ( ,engl&1 7b7 ( ,scotl&1 7c7 ( ,great ,brita91 7d7 ( ,irel&1 7e7 ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom &1 if creat$ s9ce ! ,union1 ( ,irel&4 ,m>quesses 7vide ,dukes74 ,elde/ ,sons ( ,dukes4 ,e>ls 7vide ,dukes74 ,elde/ ,sons ( ,m>quesses4 ,y\ng] ,sons ( ,dukes4 ,visc\nts 7vide ,dukes74 ,elde/ ,sons ( ,e>ls4 ,y\ng] ,sons ( ,m>quesses4 ,bi%ops ( 7a7 ,london1 7b7 ,durham1 & 7c7 ,w9*e/]4 ,bi%ops1 accord+ to ,s5iority ( ,consecration4 ,b>ons 7vide ,dukes74 ,! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,commission]s ( ,great ,seal4 ,! 7a7 ,treasur] & ! 7b7 ,comptroll] ( ! ,royal ,h\sehold4 ,vice-,*amb]la9 ( ! ,h\sehold4 ,! ,secret>ies ( ,/ate1 :5 n ,pe]s4 ,elde/ ,sons ( ,visc\nts4 ,y\ng] ,sons ( ,e>ls4 ,elde/ ,sons ( ,b>ons4 ,knights ( ! ,g>t]1 ,?i/le1 & ,/4 ,patrick1 n be+ ,pe]s4 ,privy ,c\ncillors4 ,! ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]4 ,! ,*ancellor ( ! ,du*y ( ,lanca/]4 ,! ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,rolls4 ,"l ,ju/ices ( ,appeal & ,pres4 ( ,probate ,c\rt4 ,judges ( ,high ,c\rt4 ,y\ng] ,sons ( ,visc\nts4 ,y\ng] ,sons ( ,b>ons4 ,sons ( ,lords ( ,appeal 9 ,ord9>y 7,life ,pe]s74 ,b>onets4 ,knights ,gr& ,cross ( ! ,ba?4 ,knights ,gr& ,comm&]s ( ! ,/> ( ,india4 ,knights ,gr& ,cross ( ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,george4 ,knights ,gr& ,comm&]s ( ,indian ,empire4 ,knights ,gr& ,cross ( ,victorian ,ord]4 ,knights ,comm&]s ( ! v>i\s ,ord]s 79 ! same ord] ( progression74 ,knights ,ba*elors4 ,comm&]s ( ,victorian ,ord]4 ,c\nty ,c\rt ,judges4 ,s]jeants-at-,law4 ,ma/]s 9 ,lunacy4 ,companions ( ! v>i\s ,ord]s4 ,memb]s ( ,f\r? ,class ( ,victorian ,ord]4 ,companions ( ,di/+ui%$ ,s]vice ,ord]4 ,elde/ ,sons ( ! ,y\ng] ,sons ( ,pe]s4 ,elde/ ,sons ( ,b>onets4 ,elde/ ,sons ( ,knights4 ,memb]s ( ,fif? ,class ( ,victorian ,ord]4 ,b>onets' ,y\ng] ,sons4 ,knights' ,y\ng] ,sons4 ,esquires3--,includ+ ! ,elde/ ,sons ( ! ,sons ( ,visc\nts & ,b>ons1 ! elde/ ,sons ( all ! y\ng] ,sons ( ,pe]s1 & _! elde/ ,sons 9 p]petual ,succession3 ! y\ng] ,sons ( ,b>onets3 ! ,sons ( ,knights1 ! elde/ ,son ( ! elde/ ,son ( a ,knight 9 p]petual ,succession3 p]sons hold+ ! ,k+'s ,commission1 or :o may be /yl$ ,esquire by ! ,k+ 9 any ,(ficial ,docum5t4 ,g5tlem54 ,,! ,,prec$5ce ,,( ,,wom5 is det]m9$1 be=e m>riage1 by ! ,rank & ,dignity1 b n by ! ,(fice1 ( _! ,fa!r4 ,all ! unm>ri$ ,si/]s 9 any family h ! same ,degree1 :i* is ! ,degree t _! elde/ ,bro!r holds 7or w\ld hold7 among/ m54 ,?us3--,( ! ,sons ( an ,e>l ! elde/ alone has an honor>y ,title ( ,nobility & is /yl$ ,my ,"l1 :ile all ! ,daught]s ( an ,e>l h a simil> honor>y ,title1 & are /yl$ ,my ,lady4 ,by ,m>riage ,wom5 %>e ! ,dignities & ,prec$5ce ( _! ,husb&s3 b1 ! /rictly ,(ficial ,dignity ( a ,husb& is n imp>t$ to a wife 7except 9 ,india71 9 ! case ( ! ,ar*bi%ops & ,bi%ops or hold]s ( o!r (fices4 ,! ,dignities :i* ,ladies h by ,bir? or by "r ( ,inh]itance1 are n imp>t$ by ,m>riage to _! ,husb&s3 nor does ,m>riage ) an inf]ior 9 ,dignity 9 any way affect ! ,prec$5ce t a ,lady may enjoy by ,bir?1 ,inh]itance1 or ,creation--bo? h] own ,prec$5ce & t ( h] ,husb& rema9 z be=e _! ,m>riage1 unless ! ,husb& be a ,pe]4 ,9 ! ,,royal ,,family ! foll[+ ,prec$5ce takes effect3-- ,! ,que54 ,! ,que5 ,d[ag]4 ,! ,pr9cess ( ,wales4 ,! ,daught]s ( ! ,sov]eign4 ,! ,wives ( ! ,y\ng] ,sons ( ! ,sov]eign4 ,! ,gr&daught]s ( ! ,sov]eign4 ,! ,wives ( ! ,gr&sons ( ! ,sov]eign4 ,! ,sov]eign's ,si/]s4 ,wives ( ! ,sov]eign's ,bro!rs4 ,! ,sov]eign's ,aunts4 ,wives ( ! ,sov]eign's ,uncles4 ,! ,sov]eign's ,nieces4 ,wives ( ! ,sov]eign's ,nephews 7,bro!rs' & ,si/]s' ,daught]s74 ,gr&daught]s ( ! ,sov]eign n be>+ ! /yle ( ,royal ,highness4 ,to :atev] ,prec$5ce %e may be entitl$ by ,bir?1 ! ,wife ( a ,pe] always takes h] rank1 & !re=e takes h] actual ,prec$5ce1 f h] ,husb&4 ,! ,wid[ ( a ,pe]1 s long z %e rema9s a ,wid[1 reta9s ! rank %e enjoy$ :il/ m>ri$3 b1 %\ld %e contract a second ,m>riage1 h] ,prec$5ce !n is det]m9$ ei!r by ! rank ( h] second ,husb&1 or by ! rank t 0 h] own by ,bir? & :i* %e enjoy$ be=e h] fir/ ,m>riage4 ,! ,wife ( ! ,elde/ ,son ( any degree prec$es all h] ,husb&'s ,si/]s1 & also all o!r ,ladies hav+ ! same degree ( rank ) !m4 ,?us3--! ,wife ( ! ,elde/ ,son ( an ,e>l takes ,prec$5ce ( all ,daught]s ( ,e>ls4 ,9 actual practice1 h[ev]1 by a pr9ciple ( ,prec$5ce t is accept$ & adopt$ 9 all families ( ! same degree among/ !mselves1 ! ,si/]s 9 e case h _! place imm$iately aft] ! ,wife ( _! own ,elde/ ,bro!r4 ,,g5ealogies4 ,,g5ealogies1 ! ,records ( ! ,desc5ts & ,alliances ( ,families1 are necess>ily associat$ ) ! ,armorial ,ensigns borne by ^? ,families1 & by ! sev]al ,memb]s & ,bran*es ( !m4 ,/ill1 x does n app>5tly foll[1 9 ! same mann]1 z a matt] ( necessity1 t ! /udy & inve/igation ( ,g5ealogies %\ld be int]e/+ & ev5 attractive1 because int]e/ & attractiv5ess are insep>able f ,h]aldry4 ,& yet1 ,i d n hesitate to claim = g5ealogical rese>*es ! fav\rable reg>d ( /ud5ts ( ,armory1 on ! v gr\nd ( ! int]e/ :i* !y are c]ta9 to feel 9 su* rese>*es2 & also 9 confid5t reliance on t inh]5t p[] ( attraction1 insep>able f ! subject itself1 t w n fail bo? to w9 _! fav\rable reg>d1 & to lead !m on f "o inquiry to ano!r4 ,! v act ( trac+ up "s em95t & illu/ri\s p]sonage1 f g5]ation to g5]ation ( 8 =efa!rs1 not+ d[n ! alliances t h int]wov5 "o ?read ( a brilliant l9e ) o!rs n less lu/r\s2 or1 ! rev]se ( ?is process1 ! foll[+ ! l9eage ( "s wor?y ( ! old5 "t onw>d d[n ! /ream1 obs]v+ bo? ! tribut>ies t fl[ into ! ma9 *annel & ! /reamlets t issue f x--all ?is1 :5 once x has be5 sy/ematically und]tak51 leads ! /ud5t ?r\gh ! mo/ picturesque regions ( hi/orical romance4 ,! popul> idea ( ,g5ealogy may be1 t x consi/s 9 plac+ 9 a =mal ord] ( arrangem5t a s]ies ( dry names1 connect$ ) dates t 7if x be possible7 are ev5 m dry4 ,x is n uncommon to dispose ( _m ?+s precisely 9 ! same way1 :5 an op9ion is =m$ )\t ev5 ! slighte/ attempt to judge ( a "q by its true m]its--x is s easy to decl9e ! tr\ble & to avoid ! ef=t att5dant on inquiry & inve/igation1 & s pleasant to become ! possessor ( an op9ion & views1 )\t any outlay 9 acquir+ !m4 ,a ,map has no value 9 ! e/imation ( ^? :o ignore ,geography3 ! claims ( ,ar*ology are disreg>d$ by all :o are cont5t to rema9 9 ignorance ev5 ( :at x implies3 & ,hi/ory itself becomes & cont9ues to be a dead lett]1 s long z an acqua9tance is =m$ only ) ! ext]ior ( its volumes4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 ,g5ealogy appe>s "u a v diff]5t aspect to ^? :o "k x only by "n1 & to lov]s ( ,biography & ,hi/ory :o are famili> ) its lucid & yet ev] sugge/ive guidance4 ,)\t writt5 ,g5ealogies1 :o c cle>ly und]/& ! political & hi/orical position ( ! rival ,pr9ces ( ! r$ & :ite ,roses2 or ( ,,h5ry ,,vii4 & ! la/ ( ! ,plantag5ets2 or ( ,que5s ,,elizabe? ,,tudor1 ,,m>y ,,/u>t1 & ,,jane ,,grey8 ,or :o1 )\t simil> aid1 w foll[ out ! =tunes ( ! ,h\ses ( ,,beau*amp & ,,neville & ,,dudley1 & connect !m ) ! exi/+ noble "l ( ,w>wick ,ca/le2 or1 :5 read+ ( ! ,,de ,,cl>es1 ! ,,bohuns1 or ! ,,p]cies1 w see at a glance ! connection betwe5 ,,/rongb[ & ! r$ ,e>l ,,gilb]t1 or w und]/& ! significance ( ! :ite swan ,badge ( ! ,,/af=ds1 or w read at sight ! qu>t]$ ,%ield ( ! ,duke ( ,,nor?umb]l&1 ( to-day1 & w disc]n ! l9e t connects ! liv+ ,e>l ,,p]cy ) ! ,,hotspur ^: fame 0 two c5turies old :5 ,,%akespe>e wrote ( him8 ,& fur!r1 :o1 t is unable to accompli% su* ?+s z ^!1 c appreciate ,hi/ory1 c enjoy x & apply its lessons aright8 ,9 arrang+ a ,g5ealogy ! utmo/ concis5ess is ess5tial1 all details be+ left = full description else:]e4 ,all ! memb]s ( ! same family are plac$ side by side1 on ! same level1 9 _! ord] ( s5iority2 & all are connect$ by l9es ) "o ano!r & ) _! p>5ts4 ,successive g5]ations also1 ?r\gh\t all ! bran*es ( any family1 or 9 alli$ families1 h _! places on ! same levels2 & ! connect+ & di/+ui%+ l9es are cont9u$ ?r\gh\t4 ,examples ( ,g5ealogies treat$ 9 ! mo/ sci5tific & yet simple mann]1 easy to be und]/ood1 & p]fect z models = /ud5ts1 may be obta9$ 9 any ,"p ( ! ,h]ald & ,g5ealogi/1 =m]ly edit$ by ! late ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,ni*ols1 ,f4,s4,a41 ,p>liam5t ,/reet1 ,we/m9/]4 ,i ref] to ?is excell5t ,p]iodical1 because x is n possible = me "h 9 ! space at my disposal to set =? a really useful example ( a ,g5ealogy3 &1 ,i mu/ add1 because x is mo/ desirable t /ud5ts ( ,h]aldry %\ld =m su* an acqua9tance ) ,mr4 ,ni*ols1 z may be acquir$ ?r\gh 8 works4 ,miscellanea ,g5ealogica et ,h]aldica1 n[ edit$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,,bann]man1 is ano!r ,p]iodical1 :i* ought to be 9 ! h&s ( all ,g5ealogi/s4 ,9 ,g5ealogies1 ?is m>k d5otes alliance by m>riage1 & x is plac$ betwe5 ! names ( a husb& & wife3 & ! l9es t proce$ f ?is m>k1 ?us1 _/ _/ po9t out _! issue4 ,! initials ,s4 ,p4 7( ! ,lat9 words ,s9e ,prole1 )\t issue7 %[ :]e a l9e or a bran* ceases4 ,o!r abbreviations & signs 9 g5]al use w sugge/ _! own signification4 ,z ,i began ?is ,*apt] ) quotations1 s ) a quotation ,i conclude x4 ,!re are "s p]sons1 writes ,mr4 ,,l[]1 9 8 ,curiosities ( ,h]aldry 7p4 #bib71 :o _c discrim9ate betwe5 ! ta/e = p$igree 7or g5ealogy7 & ! pride ( ance/ry4 ,n[ ^! two feel+s1 ?\gh !y (t5 comb9e 9 "o individual1 h no necess>y connection ) ea* o!r4 ,man is said to be a hunt+ animal4 ,"s hunt foxes2 o!rs = fame or =tune4 ,o!rs hunt 9 ! intellectual field2 "s = ! arcana ( ,nature & ( m9d2 "s = ! roots ( words1 or ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,i am fond ( hunt+ out a p$igree4 ,&1 g5tle read]1 :5 y h jo9$ ! *ase g5ealogical1 ,i promise y1 s also w y be4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,! ,college ( ,arms-- ,! ,lyon ,(fice ( ,scotl&-- ,grants ( ,arms-- ,tax on ,armorial ,be>+s1 & on ,arms ,f\nd ,!y 7 conspicu\s = judgm5t1 exp]i5ce1 le>n+1 & elegance2 !y ga9$ hon\r :]ev] !y 7 employ$4 --,,noble1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,college ( ,arms4 ,:at is y\r ,cre/ & ,motto8--,s5d "n & c\nty to ----'s ,h]aldic ,(fice4 ,= pla9 ,sket*1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,9 h]aldic col\rs1 #fs4 --,morn+ ,newspap]s4 ,i4 ,! ,,h]alds ,,( ,,engl&1 :o be=e _h be5 atta*$ to ! ,h\sehold ei!r ( ! ,sov]eign or ( "s ,p]sonage ( exalt$ rank1 7 incorporat$ z a ,frat]nity by ,,ri*>d ,,iii41 a ,pr9ce ^: hi/orical reputation is by no means 9 h>mony ) t e>ly act ( 8 reign1 :i* has done su* good s]vice to ,engli% ,hi/ory--! ,f\ndation & ,e/abli%m5t ( ! ,,college ,,( ,,arms1 or1 z x is commonly call$1 ! ,,h]alds' ,,college4 ,! ,lett]s ,pat5t1 issu$ = ?is purpose by ,,ri*>d ,,iii41 be> date ,m>* ! #bnd1 #adhc1 ! fir/ ye> ( 8 reign4 ,v important privileges & immunities1 ) high p[]s & au?ority1 7 grant$ to ! incorporat$ ,h]alds3 & ! "r fair & /ately h\se1 call$ ,pult5ey's ,inn1 situate 9 ! metropolitan p>i% ( ,all ,sa9ts1 0 assign$ to !m z _! p]man5t (ficial resid5ce4 ,! ,*>t] grant$ to ! ,h]alds by ! la/ ,plantag5et ,sov]eign 0 confirm$ by 8 successors4 ,! build+s ( ! ,college 7 de/roy$ by ! great fire ( #afff2 b all ! records & docum5ts =tunately escap$1 hav+ be5 remov$ to ,:itehall2 & ! edifice 0 subsequ5tly rebuilt1 *iefly at ! co/ ( ! ,h]alds !mselves1 :]e x n[ /&s betwe5 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral & ! ,?ames4 ,!re1 9 ! ,college ( ,arms1 are /ill c>efully pres]v$ all t ! e>ly ,h]alds record$ & transmitt$ to our times4 ,!re1 n ! lea/ valuable ( ! cont5ts ( ! ,college1 an unique ,libr>y is 9 ! keep+ ( ,gu>dians1 :o und]/& its true uses1 z !y appreciate its preci\sness4 ,& !re also ! ,headqu>t]s ( ,engli% ,h]aldry are z duly e/abli%$1 z ^? ( ! ,briti% ,army are at ! ,horse ,gu>ds 9 ,:itehall4 ,! great *ange t has come ^u ,london s9ce ! ,h]alds rebuilt _! (ficial home1 has already caus$ "s /ructural alt]ation 9 ! build+1 & has result$ 9 ! ,college ( ,arms n[ appe>+ out ( place 9 its orig9al position 9 ! ,city4 ,o!r *anges1 :i* foll[ 9 su* rapid succession 9 t busy neighb\rhood1 r5d] x by no means improbable t ! site ( _! ,college may be requir$ = "s great ,city improvem5t2 & s ! ,h]alds may be con/ra9$ to e/abli% !mselves 9 ! m cong5ial regions ( ! metropolitan f> we/4 ,?is1 z ,i am dispos$ to consid]1 is "o ( ^? consummations t are dev\tly to be desir$4 ,! times h be5 9 :i* ,h]aldry c\ld n numb] among/ its true fri5ds ! (ficial ,h]alds ( ! ,college ( ,arms3 b1 happily1 a v diff]5t1 & 9 _m mo/ important respects a ?or\ghly satisfactory condition ( ?+s n[ obta9s at ! ,college4 ,s f> z ! ,h]alds are conc]n$1 z a body ( le>n$1 accompli%$1 & c\rte\s g5tlem51 ,h]aldry n[ is admirably repres5t$ among/ u1 & fai?fully support$4 ,:at /ill is defici5t 9 ! exi/+ con/itution ( ! ,college ( ,arms1 z a ,national ,in/itution1 is adaptation to exi/+ circum/ances1 s5tim5ts1 & requirem5ts4 ,x is b a truism to ass]t t1 z a ,national ,in/itution1 ! ,college ( ,arms does n fill its prop] position3 &1 to all :o are famili> ) ! facts ( ! case1 x is equally obvi\s t ?is is simply because ! ,college does n v9dicate its indisputable title to t position :i* really is its own4 ,h]aldry is decid$ly popul>4 ,?is popul>ity also is assum+ a m practical1 & at ! same "t a m endur+ =m1 ?r\gh gradually becom+ ! result ( a correct appreciation ( ! true "* ( ,h]aldry1 & ( its intr9sic value4 ,at a "t 9 :i* p are beg9n+ to feel & to admit t !y ought to "k some?+ ab\t ,h]aldry1 ! ,college ( ,arms ought to take ! lead 9 mak+ ,h]aldry /ill bett] und]/ood1 /ill m ju/ly appreciat$1 /ill m popul>4 ,! "t1 also1 is inde$ come 9 :i* x is ! b\nd5 duty ( ! ,college ( ,arms to impress ^u ! community at l>ge1 t ! sole s\rce & f\nta9-head ( au?ority 9 all matt]s armorial1 "u ! ,sov]eign1 c5tres 9 itself4 ,?is is to be accompli%$ by ! same process1 & only by ! same process1 by :i* ! ,college ( ,arms may w9 = itself ?or\gh popul>ity & univ]sal confid5ce4 ,if ! ,college requires fre% or increas$ p[]s1 application to t effect %\ld be made to ! ,legislature4 ,! ,h]aldry ( ,scotl& has be5 dealt ) by ,p>liam5t3 & x w\ld be equally easy to obta9 su* a /atute z w\ld enable ,engli% ,h]aldry to d ju/ice to itself1 :ile fulfill+ its own prop] duties4 ,)\t abat+ or compromis+ 9 ! slighte/ degree its own dignity or ! dignity ( ,h]aldry1 ! ,college ( ,arms requires to be transmut$ f an exclusive into a popul> ,in/itution4 ,x requires1 n inde$ to h its object & aim & sy/em ( action *ang$1 b to h !m exp&$1 & exp&$ s widely z to compreh5d all ! h]aldic requirem5ts ( ! age4 ,?is is a subject ( too urg5t importance n to be notic$ "h2 b /ill1 x is n possible to d m ?an to notice x 9 v g5]al t]ms4 ,^u "o specific po9t1 h[ev]1 a few pla9 words may be spok5 )\t hesitation1 & may be left by !mselves )\t comm5t4 ,! ,fees & ,*>ges ( all k9ds = grant+1 matriculat+1 confirm+1 & record+ ! rightful possession ( armorial ,insignia mu/ be arrang$ ^u a p]fectly fre% sy/em1 ) su* provisions & modifications z may adapt !m to e v>iety ( circum/ance & ( requirem5t4 ,?is is a "q :i* c be reg>d$ only f "o po9t ( view by e true lov] ( ,h]aldry1 & consequ5tly by e true fri5d ( ! ,college ( ,arms4 ,,ii4 ,! ,national ,h]aldic body 9 ,scotl&1 entitl$ ! ,,lyon ,,(fice1 is "u ! presid5cy ( ! ,lyon ,k+ ( ,arms4 ,! ,*ief ( ! ,scotti% (ficial ,h]alds f ,may #agif to a rec5t p]iod _h be5 a ,pe] ( t realm2 & ! duties ( ! (fice1 accord+ly1 _h be5 dis*>g$ = sev5ty ye>s by a ,lyon ,depute4 ,b1 on ! dea? ( ! ,e>l ( ,,k9n\l1 9 ,febru>y #ahff1 x 0 det]m9$ to remodel 9 "s respects ! arrangem5ts ( ! ,lyon ,(fice2 & ,mr4 ,,george ,,burnett1 :o _h long be5 ,lyon ,depute1 0 appo9t$ by ,h] ,maje/y to be ,lyon ,k+4 ,he has be5 succe$$ by ,sir ,j4 ,,balf\r ,,paul4 ,! ,arms ( ! ,lyon ,(fice ,i h already giv51 ,no4 #bff4 ,! action ( ! ,scotti% ,lyon ,k+ ( ,arms1 & ( ! ,in/itution ov] :i* he presides1 aft] hav+ deg5]at$ f ! wor?y /&>d ( e>li] days1 has reviv$ "u f> happi] conditions1 & ) prospects t are em95tly gratify+4 ,x may be fairly expect$1 inde$1 t ! mo/ salut>y results w be produc$ by ! v decid$ t5d5cy t = "s "t has exi/$1 to cultivate ! rules & pr9ciples ( t e>li] age1 to :i*--writes ,mr4 ,seton--we are indebt$ = a sy/em ( ,scotti% ,h]aldry1 ^: purity c]ta9ly has n be5 surpass$ 9 any o!r corn] ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,^! words occur 9 a highly int]e/+ memoir ( ! ,lyon ,(fice1 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ! "w entitl$ ,! ,law & ,practice ( ,h]aldry 9 ,scotl&1 an able & admirable volume1 publi%$ 9 #ahfc 9 ,ed9burgh1 :i* %[s ! gr[+ popul>ity ( a true ,h]aldry nor? ( ! ,twe$1 & proves t 9 ! au?or1 ,mr4 ,seton1 ,scotti% ,h]aldry possesses an advocate no less p[]ful ?an zeal\s & judici\s4 ,,iii4 ,arms & ,armorial ,insignia are grant$ only ?r\gh ! ,college ( ,arms 9 ,engl&1 & ?r\gh ! ,lyon ,(fice 9 ,scotl&1 9 bo? realms ) ! direct sanction ( ! ,cr[n express$ 9 ,engl& by ! ,e>l ,m>%al4 ,9 ,irel& all ,grants are made by ,ul/] ,k+ ( ,arms ) ! same sanction4 ,x is to be obs]v$ & kept 9 remembrance t ! sole "r to ,arms is a ,grant f ! ,college or ! ,cr[n1 or ,inh]itance by l9eal desc5t f an ance/or to :om a ,grant 0 made or 9 :om a "r to be> ,arms has be5 (ficially recognis$ & regi/]$ by ! ,cr[n4 ,all ,grants & ,confirmations ( ,arms 7,confirmations1 t is1 ( ! ,claims ( c]ta9 individuals to be> c]ta9 ,arms1 by "s unc]ta9 "r & title duly set =? & approv$ & !reaft] legalis$ by ! ,cr[n7 are =mally & regul>ly record$1 ) a full blazon ( ! insignia1 at ! ,college or ,(fices ( ,arms4 ,x is v greatly to be desir$ t1 9 addition to ?is "t-hon\r$ usage ( ! ,h]alds 9 mak+ ^! records1 "s simple plan c\ld be adopt$ = ! p]iodical regi/ration at ! ,college ( ,arms ( all armorial insignia t are borne by "r4 ,almo/ equally desirable1 also1 x w\ld be to make a correspond+ regi/ration1 z f> z might be possible1 ( :atev] insignia are borne )\t any "r4 ,! cont5ts ( bo? regi/]s w\ld =m unque/ionably useful publications ( a p]iodical "*4 ,9 connection ) any su* project z ,i h j sugge/$1 x appe>s to me t good s]vice might be r5d]$ to ! cause ( true ,h]aldry among/ u1 if ,badges & ,mottoes 7)\t any o!r insignia :atev]7 7 =mally grant$ by ! ,college1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 & at ! co/ ( a small ,fee4#i ,footnote #i3 ,i leave ?is s5t5ce z x has hi!rto /ood 9 ! book4 ,badges are n[ grant$ & record$1 b a prior "r to arms is requir$4 --,a4 ,c4 ,f4-,d4 #aijh4 ,9 new ,grants ( ,arms1 z 9 s _m =mal docum5ts1 some?+ ( ! e>ly =m ( ,expression1 ) "s traces ( its piquant qua9tness1 are /ill reta9$4 ,v qua9t inde$1 & v extravagant also1 is ! /yle t 0 g5]ally adopt$ by ! ,h]alds ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 & yet *>act]i/ic ( bo? ! m5 & _! times4 ,z an example ( "o ( ^! old docum5ts1 an example ( no common int]e/ 9 itself1 ,i n[ give ! ,grant ( ,arms to ,,john ,,%akesp]e1 ! ,poet's fa!r1 9 ! ye> #aeif4 ,two draft copies ( ! orig9al ,grant are pres]v$ 9 ! ,college ( ,arms2 ! foll[+ transcript is pr9t$ f ! lat] ( ! two copies1 ! e>li] hav+ be5 us$ to supply any ^w or passage t n[ is want+ 9 ! o!r4 ,! ins]tions ?us obta9$ are pr9t$ 9 brackets4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,all brackets except footnote ref]5ces are 9 ! orig9al4 ,lett]s 9 braces 7curly brackets7 7 pr9t$ z sup]scripts4 ,,grant ,,( ,,arms ,,to ,,john ,,%akesp]e1 ,a4,d4 #aeif4 ,to all & s+ul] ,noble & ,g5telm5 ( :at e/ate or degree be>+ arms to :om ^! pres5tes %all come1 ,william ,de?ick alias ,g>t] pr9cipall ,k+ ( ,armes s5de! greet+es4 ,"k yee t1 :]eas by ! au?oritie & auncy5t pryveleges p]teyn+ to my (fice f ! ,qu5es mo/ excell5t ,mate & by h] highnesse mo/ noble & victori\s prog5itors1 ,i am to take g5]all notice & record & to make decl>ation & te/emonie = all causes ( arms & matt]s ( ,g5trie ?or\ghe out all h] ,maje/es ,k+doms1 ,domynions1 ,pr9cipalites1 ,isles1 & ,prov9ces1 ,to ?' end t1 z manie g5telm51 by !yre auncy5t names ( families1 kyndr$es & desc5tes1 h & enjoye c]teyne enseignes & cotes ( arms1 ,s x is v]ie exp$i5t 9 all ages t "s m5 = !yr valeant factes1 magnanimite1 v]tu1 dignites1 & des]tes1 may use & be>e su*e tok5s ( hon\r & wor?9esse1 :]eby !yre "n & good fame may be ! bett] kn[5 & divulg$1 & !yre *ildr5 & po/]ite 9 all v]tu 7to ! s]vice ( !yre ,prynce & ,contrie7 enc\rag$4 ,:]e=e be+ solicit$ & by cr$ible report in=m$ t ,john ,%akespe>e ( ,/rat=d uppon ,avon 9 ! c\nte ( ,w>wik1 ^: p>5tes & late antecessors#aj 7 = !yre fai!full & valeant s]vice advaunc$ & rew>d$ by ! mo/ prud5t pr9ce ,k+ ,h5ry ! ,sev5? ( fam\s memorie1 sy!nce :i* tyme !y h cont9ew$ at ^? p>tes1 be+ ( good reputacion & cr$it2 & t ! said ,john ha! m>y$ ,m>y1 daught] & "o ( ! heyrs ( ,rob]t ,ard51 ( ,wilmcote1 9 ! said c\nte1 esquire4#aa ,9 consid]ation :]e(1 & = ! enc\ragem5t ( 8 po/]ite1 to :om su* ,blazon or ,at*evem5t by ! auncy5t cu/ome ( ! lawes ( armes maie desc5d1 ,i ! said ,g>t] ,k+ ( ,armes h assign$1 graunt$ & by ^! pres5tes confirm$ ?is %ield or cote ( arms1 viz4 ,g\ld1 on a b5d sables a spe>e ( ! fir/1 /eel$ arg5t2 & = 8 cre/ or cognizance a falcon1 8 w+es display$1 arg5t1 /&+ on a wre! ( 8 c\llors1 support+ a spe>e g\ld1 /eel$ z a=esaid1 sett ^u a helmett ) mantelles & tasselles z ha? b5 accu/om$ & do! m playnely appe>e depict$ on ?is m>g5t4 ,signefi5g h]eby1 & by ! au?orite ( my (fice a=esaid ratifi5g1 t x %albe lawfull = ! sayd ,john ,%akespe>e g5t4 & = 8 *eldr51 yssue & po/]ite 7at all tymes & places conv5i5t7 to be> & make demon/racion ( ! said ,blazon or ,at*evem5t uppon !yre ,%ieldes1 ,t>gets1 ,escu*eons1 ,cotes ( arms1 ,p5nons1 ,guydons1 ,r+es1 ,edefices1 ,buyld+es1 ,ut5siles1 ,lyv]ies1 ,tombes or ,monum5tes1 or o!rwise1 = all lawfull w>rlyke factes or civile use & ex]cises1 accord+ to ! lawes ( armes1 )\t let or int]ruption ( any o!r p]son or p]sons = use or be>+ ! same4 ,9 witnesse & p]petuall remembrance h]e( ,i h h]eunto subscrib$ my "n1 & fa/5$ ! seale ( my (fice endorz$ ) ! signett ( my armes1 ,at ! ,(fice ( ,armes1 ,london1 ! xx4 daye ( ,octob]1 ! xxxviij4 ye>e ( ! reigne ( our ,sov]aigne ,lady ,elizabe?1 by ! grace ( ,god ,qu5e ( ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,irel&1 ,def5d] ( ! ,fay!1 etc4 #aeif4 ,footnote #aj3 ,above ! ^w antecessors is writt5 ,gr&fa!r4 ,footnote #aa3 ,g5t4 0 fir/ writt51 & x is alt]$ to esquire4 ,l o!r docum5ts ( its class1 9 ?is ,grant ! language is fram$ aft] c]ta9 regul> =ms2 s t x is to be read )\t t exact obs]vance ( p>ticul> expressions1 :i* is rightly be/[$ ^u legal & hi/orical records4 ,! int]e/ insep>able f ?is ,grant is enhanc$ 9 no slight degree by ! /rong probability t ,john ,%akesp]e made 8 application to ! ,college ( ,arms by ! advice & 9 consequ5ce ( ! reque/ ( 8 son4 ,_h ! wor?y ,g>t] be5 able to div9e ! dignities & des]tes ( ! son1 he might possibly h employ$ =mal language ( a /ill m complim5t>y "*1 :5 draw+ up a ,grant ( ,arms = ! fa!r4 ,a mu* m curi\s specim5 ( ! h]aldic /yle & =m ( expression 7& also ( ! spell+7 ( ! e>li] days ( ! ,que5 ,,elizabe? era1 is a ,grant ( ,augm5tation & ,cre/1 by ,,lawr5ce ,,dalton1 ,norroy ,k+ ( ,arms1 to ,,john ,,b5nett1 ( ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 ,g5tleman1 ,a4,d4 #aefj4 ,! ,preamble to ?is ,grant1 :i* is pr9t$ 9 full 9 ,miscellanea ,g5ealogica et ,h]aldica 7p4 #dh71 is ?us writt53-- ,to ,all & ,s+ul] z well nobles & g5tles z k+s h]auldes & (fic]s ( ,armes z o!rs w* !s pres5tes %all see ,reade or he>e ,lawr5ce ,dalton ,esquire ,al's ,norrey ,k+e ( ,armes ( !/ & we/ p'tyes ( ,engl&e fro ! ,ryv] ( tr5t nor?w>de ,s5dy! ,due & humble com5dacons & great+e f=asmu*e z awncy5tlye fro ! begynnynge & n w?owt great ,delyb]acon ,equitie & ,reason hyt ha! byn by ! mo/e noble & fam\s pr9ces ,con/ytutyd & ordeynyd t m5 ( wysdom knol$ge v]tue & ( noble lyefe & ,coorage haue byn notory[slye comm5dyd to ! ,woorlde w? ,sonndrye monum5tes & ,remembrances w? tok5s ( honnor = ,a te/amonye ( !yre good ,des]tes ,z ,amonge ! ,romayns ye ,erecc'on ( ,/atues & ,images w? tytles & ,appellac'ons ( honn\r ,& ( m latre ,dayes w? ! mo/e p'te ( nac'ons be>+e ( ,signes & tok5s 9 ,%yldes callyd ,armes w* be ! ,demon/rac'ons & ,evid5ces ( nobl5es v]tue & woor?ynes t to eu'ry man accord+e to !yre ,des]tes be ,dyu'slye ,dy/rybutyd ,:]by su* signes & tok5s ( ! woor?ye & cooragy\s might appe>e be=e ! c[>de vnwoor?ye & ,ignorant ,ev5 s yt ys yet obs'vyd t su*e w* h m]ytyd or donne com'endable s'vice to !yre pr9ce or c\ntrye or by !yre woor?ye & ,lawdable lyefe ,d ,daylye encrease 9 v]tue wysdom & k %ulde n be =got5 & s put 9 oblyvyon b rew>dyd w? som tok5 ( honnor = ! same ! ,r to move & /yrre o!r to ! ,imytac'on ( lyke nobl5es v]tue & woor?ynes f= w* purpose hyt 0 n !re= w?owt great provyd5ce ordeynyd & yet ys t !re ,%ulde be (fic]s & h]auldes ( ,armes to ^: (fice hyt %ulde be appropryate to kepe 9 ,rege/re ?>mes p$egrees & ,desc5tes ( nobles & g5tles w? !yre woor?ye & valyant actes & to h p[] & awe?orytye to all[e & ,ratefye vnto ! woor?ye ,som awgm5tac'on tok5 or ,remembrance ( nobl5es = !yre seyde woor?ynes ,& n[ be+e ,desyryd-- ,& s =?1 wor?y ,mr4 ,norroy hav+ =gott5 su* signes & tok5s z /ops1 :ile c>efully %[+ :at /yle & =m x is n desirable = u to adopt1 h[ev] excell5t may be 8 sy/em ( build+ up hon\rable insignia ^u a f\ndation ( nobl5ess1 virtue1 & wor?9ess4 ,i add "o o!r e>ly docum5t ( ano!r k9d1 :i* is an excell5t model = pres5t use by ! ,h]alds ( our own days1 ! or?ography hav+ by !m be5 duly correct$4 ,,example ,,( ,a ,,confirmation ,,or ,,record ,,( ,,arms3-- ,!is are ! annci5t ,armes & ,crea/1 belong+ to ! "n & famely ( ,,lee*=de 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,surrey1 desc5d$ f ! ,,lee*=ds 9 ,buck+ham%eire4 ,:i* at ! reque/ ( ,s,r ,,ri*>d ,,lee*=de ( ,%elwood 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,surrey ,knight1 ,i ,,w',m ,,seg> ,g>t]1 ,pr9cipall ,k+ ( ,armes h blason$1 & sett =? 9 c\llors1 accord+ z !y are "h depict$ 9 ! m>g5t4 ,viz4 7"h foll[s a writt5 blazon74444 ,te/ify+ h]eby ! saide armoryes to belong vnto ! saide ,s,r ,,ri*>d ,,lee*=d & to 8 yssue1 to vse1 be>e1 & %ewe =? at all tymes1 & 9 all places1 at _! free lib'ty & pleasure4 ,9 ,witnes :](4444 c4 c41 ) ,seal & ,signature1 & ! ,date #crd ( ,,james ,i4 ,i presume t an argum5t 9 support ( ! abolition ( all ,taxation ( ,armorial ,be>+s1 on ! plea ( ! utt] absurdity ( a tax ^u an hon\rable di/9ction1 w\ld be met ) ! reply t ,armorial ,be>+s are tax$ purely z luxuries1 & )\t ! slighte/ ref]5ce to _! intr9sic "*4 ,if ! validity ( ?is plea mu/ be admitt$1 /ill ?is tax might be levi$ ) :at may be /yl$ a becom+ h]aldic discrim9ation4 ,= example3--,arms di/+ui%$ by ,augm5tations ( ,hon\r might be altoge!r exempt$2 a high] rate might be fix$ 9 ! case ( ,arms t are ensign$ ) ,coronets1 & t display ,support]s4 ,arms borne by unque/ionable "r1 & :i* are duly record$ at ! ,college1 might be rat$ at a comp>atively l[ *>ge1 c]ta9ly n to exce$ five %ill+s a ye>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 all ,arms or armorial insignia borne ) a v que/ionable "r1 or )\t ev5 ! pret5ce ( any "r :atev]1 might be subject$ to ! ord9>y tax = ,armorial ,be>+s ( _! class multipli$ 7accord+ to circum/ances7 by f\r1 six1 or t54 ,! tax e/imat$ by ! aid ( ! multiplication-table1 t has j be5 sugge/$1 w\ld ext5d1 "u a special s*$ule possess+ a high multiply+ p[]1 to any self-con/itut$ ,e/abli%m5t or ,(fice1 :i*1 p[]less to grant ,arms1 und]takes--9 consid]ation ( a v trifl+ fee--to f9d1 & ei!r to sket* or to col\r !m4 ,exce$+ly simple is ! process1 by means ( :i* ?is und]tak+ is accompli%$4 ,x consi/s 9 consult+ a pr9t$ ,armory2 &1 :5 ! desir$ ,arms h be5 f\nd 9 its well-/or$ columns1 !y !n at once are assign$ to ! applicant1 9 con=mity ) ! compreh5sive & beautifully simple !ory1 t all p]sons hav+ ! same surname & :o also live 7or 7 born7 9 ! same c\nty are equally entitl$ to be> ! same ,arms4 ,probably x does n occur to ! patrons ( adv]tis+ ,h]aldry-deal]s1 t ^u precisely ! same pr9ciple e p]son :o has ! same "n & c\nty ) any (fic] :o may be f\nd 9 ! ,navy or ! ,army ,li/1 might ass]t a "r to :atev] rank & title su* an (fic] may enjoy by virtue ( 8 commission4 ,! almo/ univ]sal desire to possess "s k9d ( armorial insignia1 implies a correspond+ recognition ( ! necessity to obta9 !m f "s ,in/itution or ,p]sonage1 suppos$ to be compet5t & au?oris$ bo? to det]m9e :at !y %\ld be1 & to imp>t a "r to accept & to assume & be> !m4 ,x re/s ) ! ,h]alds ( ! ,college ( ,arms to take ! initiative 9 a c\rse ( action1 :i* w\ld direct all aspirants = h]aldic di/9ctions1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 to _! own doors4 ,! ,h]alds1 :o really are ,h]alds1 & :o alone are real ,h]alds1 may rely on ! support ( ,public ,op9ion4 ,if a fictiti\s ,h]aldry is n only preval5t1 b 9 "s s5se actually 9 ! asc5dant1 x is n because ! c\nt]feit is pref]r$ to ! g5u9e1 b because x is unconsci\sly mi/ak5 = x4 ,9 v _m in/ances1 inde$1 a det]m9ation to obta9 ,arms is c\pl$ ) an ignorance ( ,h]aldry s complete1 z to ignore ! exi/5ce ( any su* ?+ z a ,h]aldry t is fictiti\s4 ,a popul> ,college ( ,arms1 )\t any s]i\s difficulty1 might e/abli% its own au?ority ) all classes ( ! community2 &1 at ! same "t1 x w\ld n fail to impress ^u ! public m9d ! v decid$ diff]5ce t exi/s betwe5 ! h]aldic & ! non-h]aldic acceptation ( ! expression--an escut*eon ( pret5ce4 ,mu* real good w\ld c]ta9ly result f ! rude %ock t w\ld be giv5 to _m a complac5t display ( armorial insignia1 by %[+ ! pr\d blazonry to be abat$ ) ! baton s9i/] ( h]aldic untru? & unw>rantable assumption4 ,& bett] /ill x w\ld be to %[ to all :o possess1 or :o desire to possess & to be> ,arms1 t ! ,pride ( ,h]aldry is a wor?y & a noble pride1 because x is ! ,pride ( ,tru? & ,"r4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,miscellane\s3-- ,co9s-- ,seals-- ,h]aldry 9 ,ar*itecture2 9 ,monum5ts2 9 ,illum9ations2 9 ,encau/ic ,tiles-- ,h]aldic ,p]sonal ,ornam5ts1 & v>i\s ,h]aldic ,decorations-- ,conclusion4 ,! ,sp&rels ov] ! ,wall-arcad+ are exquisitely beautiful444 ,^? 9 ! we/]n arm conta9$ ,%ields ( a l>ge numb] ( ! great m5 ( ! day 444 ! few :i* rema9 are nobly execut$4 --,,glean+s ,,f ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey1 by ,g4 ,g4 ,scott1 ,r4,a43 #bnd ,edition1 p4 #cc4 ,i4 ,! ,,h]aldry ,,( ,,! ,,co9age1 9 addition to ! ,%ields ( ,arms ( successive ,sov]eigns1 exemplifies ! *anges t h tak5 place 9 ! =m & adornm5t ( ! ,cr[n1 & x also is ri* 9 v>i\s ,badges & ,devices hav+ an hi/orical significance4 ,9 ,co9s ! ,royal ,%ield is sometimes qu>t]$ by a cross *>g$ ^u x1 z 9 ! silv] p5ny ( ,,edw>d ,,vi4 ,a m$ival %ip1 hav+ a sail cov]$ ) h]aldic blazonry1 appe>s on ! ,noble--a co9 wor?y ( its "n4 ,a figure ( ! ,k+ 9 arm\r 7n p>ticul>ly well proportion$ to ! size ( ! vessel71 8 sword 9 "o h&1 & 8 ,%ield ( arms 9 ! o!r1 is also repres5t$ 9 ^! f9e examples ( m$ival numismatic art4 ,a %ip )\t any sail1 b 9 its /ead *>g$ ) ! ,royal ,%ield height5$ by a ,cross1 =ms ! rev]se ( ano!r excell5t co91 ! ,angel1 ! obv]se be>+ a figure ( ,,/4 ,,mi*ael ) 8 lance ?ru/+ d[n ! dragon4 ,! ,angel ( ,,edw>d ,,iv4 on ei!r side ( ! ,cross has ! initial ,e & ! :ite rose ( ,york2 & ! leg5d is-- ,,p] 3 ,,crvcem 3 ,,tva 3 ,,salva 3 ,,nos 3 ,,xte 3 ,,r$empt 3 7,by ?y ,cross save u1 ,o ,r$eem] ,*ri/674 ,a ,cr[n$ ,rose1 ) a ,royal ,cyph]1 is ano!r fav\rite device2 z 9 ! ,%ill+ ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 ) ! leg5d-- ,,posvi 3 ,,dev 3 ,,adivtorem 3 ,,mevm 3 7,i h plac$ ,god 7be=e me z7 my help]74 ,su* are a few examples ( ! e>ly ,h]aldry ( ,engli% ,co9s4 ,m rec5tly1 & p>ticul>ly 9 our own ,co9age1 ,h]aldry & ,art h decl9$ toge!r1 s t feeble designs1 b too commonly execut$ ) lam5table consi/5cy1 are associat$ ) h]aldic inaccuracies :i* cont9ue uncorrect$ to ?is day--witness ! tressure ( ,scotl& (t5 incorrectly blazon$ on ! ,royal ,%ield2 & poor ,,britannia1 9 h] old position1 sitt+ =lorn on ! copp] & bronze co9age1 z if consci\s ( be+ con/ra9$ to display on h] oval ,%ield an obsolete blazonry1 t plac$ ! reign ( ,que5 ,,victoria 9 ! eighte5? c5tury6#ab ,footnote #ab3 ,! specim5s ( ! exi/+ ,co9age ( ,europe1 display$ at ! ,univ]sal ,exposition1 at ,p>is1 %[$ t if ! art ( ! ,engli% ,m9t is n[ at a l[ ebb1 ! prevail+ /&>d ( numismatic art is n a s+le degree high]1 ! co9s ( ,france alone be+ 9 _m respects an hon\rable exception to ! g5]al rule4 ,,ii4 ,to :at has be5 already said on ! value ( h]aldic ,,seals ,i desire "h to add a few words1 9 ! hope ( induc+ all /ud5ts ( ,h]aldry to /udy !m ) ! mo/ dilig5t c>e4 ,ca/s ( f9e impressions are n difficult to obta94 ,almo/ e accessible f9e ,seal has be5 copi$ by ,mr4 ,ready1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 :o supplies admirable ca/s at a v mod]ate co/4 ,! ,scotti% ,seals ( ! late ,mr4 ,h4 ,la+1 ( ,ed9burgh1 7 pur*as$ on 8 decease by ! au?orities ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! mo/ satisfactory ca/s are made 9 gutta-p]*a1 :i* may be gilt by simply rubb+ a gold p[d] ) a s(t bru% ^u !m1 aft] slightly w>m+ _! surfaces4 ,m\lds = reproduc+ ca/s or impressions may be made 9 gutta-p]*a2 & f ^! m\lds ca/s1 also 9 gutta-p]*a1 may be obta9$4 ,! process is v simple3 ! gutta-p]*a1 s(t5$ by imm]sion 9 hot wat]1 is press$ ^u an impression 9 relief1 until a p]fect intaglio is =m$4 ,:5 ?is m\ld is cold & h>d1 x w /amp an impression ^u gutta-p]*a s(t5$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ddb4--,seal ( ,"l ,b>dolf4 ,i add to ! examples ( f9e h]aldic ,seals t ,i h already giv51 ! ri*ly trac]i$ ,seal be>+ ! armorial ,%ield ( ,,john1 ,"l ,,b>dolf1 ( ,wormegay 9 ,norfolk1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #acej2 ,no4 #ddb4 ,?is mo/ beautiful ,seal1 :i* 9 ! orig9al 9 diamet] is only "o & "o-six? in*es1 has be5 some:at enl>g$ 9 ! engrav+1 9 ord] to %[ ! design m pla9ly4 ,! arms ( ,,b>dolf are--,az41 ?ree c9quefoils or4 ,! lib]ality & k9dness ( ,mr4 ,la+ enable me to associate ) ! ,seal ( ,"l ,,b>dolf a small gr\p ( additional examples ( ,scotti% ,seals3 two ( !m are good illu/rations z well ( ,engli% z ( ,scotti% ,h]aldry1 & !y exemplify ! usage ( introduc+ ,go?ic trac]ies into ! composition ( ,seals ) ,%ields ( ,arms3 9 bo? ^! examples1 h[ev]1 ! lead+ outl9es only ( ! trac]ies rema91 & ! ri* cusp+ 7:i* is s p]fect 9 ! ,seal ( ,"l ,,b>dolf7 is lo/4 ,no4 #ddc1 ! ,seal ( ,,william ,,mure1 ,a4,d4 #acig1 has a ,%ield be>+--,arg41 on a fesse az4 ?ree mullets ( ! field4 ,no4 #ddd1 ! ,seal ( ,,?omas ,,monyp5y1 ,a4,d4 #adae1 has ! ,%ield c\*e *>g$ ) ,az41 a *evron betwe5 ?ree crosses crosslets fit*e issu+ f z _m cresc5ts arg43 ! ,cre/1 on a helm1 is a bird1 probably a pop9jay or p>rot4 ,! ,seal ( ,,ri*>d ,,/u>t1 ,no4 #dde1 probably ab\t #acej1 may be comp>$ ) ,no4 #dad1 p4 #bdi3 9 ! small] & e>li] example1 ! solit>y individual :o repres5ts ! crew may be assum$ to be ,ri*>d ,/u>t himself2 8 vessel displays two bann]s :i* are evid5tly affect$ by contr>y curr5ts ( air1 & a p5non4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ddc4--,seal ( ,william ,mure4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ddd4--,seal ( ,?omas ,monyp5y4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dde4--,seal ( ,ri*>d ,/u>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ddg4--;,c\nt] ,seal ( ,e>l ,?omas de ,beau*amp1 ,a4,d4 #acdd ,! noble ,seal1 ,no4 #ddf 7see ,frontispiece71 engrav$ f a mo/ p]fect impression rec5tly discov]$ app5d$ to a docum5t 9 ! gu>dian%ip ( ! ,dean & ,*apt] ( ,we/m9/]1 repres5ts its illu/ri\s own]1 ,,?omas ,,de ,,beau*amp1 ,k4,g41 ?ird ,e>l ( ,,w>wick1 9 arm\r1 ) 8 %ield & jupon *>g$ ) ! armorial insignia ( ,beau*amp 7gu41 a fesse betwe5 six crosses crosslets or71 & ) ! same insignia repeat$ ^u ! b>d+s ( ! *>g] ^u :i* ! ,e>l is m\nt$4 ,! engrav+ ( ! ,seal itself appe>s on ! ,frontispiece to ?is ,volume3 & ! ,c\nt]-,seal1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & mo/ p]fect examples 9 exi/5ce ( ! e>ly seal-engrav]'s art1 is "h repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #ddg4 ,! ,%ield display$ on ?is ,c\nt]-,seal is *>g$ only ) ! ,arms ( ! ,,newburghs 7*eque or & az41 a *evron erm471 f :om ! ,e>ldom ( ,w>wick pass$ by inh]itance to ! ,h\se ( ,beau*amp4 ,! inscription is comm5c$ on ! ,seal1 ,no4 #ddf1 & cont9u$ on ! ,c\nt]-,seal1 ,no4 #ddg1 & is z foll[s3-- ,s 3 ,,?oe 3 ,,comitis 3 ,,w>rwy*ie 3 ,,anno 3 ,,regni 3 ,,regis 3 ,e 3 ,t',,cii 3 ,,po/ 3 ,c,,qve/,vm 3 ,,anglie 3 ,,septio 3 ,,decio 3 ,,et 3 ,,regni 3 ,,svi 3 ,,francie 3 ,,qv>to-- ,! ,seal ( ,?omas1 ,e>l ( ,w>wick1 9 ! sev5te5? ye> ( ! reign ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii4 7( t "n7 aft] ! ,conque/ ( ,engl&1 & ! f\r? ( 8 reign ov] ,france4 ,?us1 ! date ( ! execution ( ?is f9e ,seal is ! ye> #acdd4 ,! ,e>l himself di$ 9 #acfi4 ,a second ,beau*amp ,seal is also repres5t$ 9 ! ,frontispiece4 ,?is is ! ,seal ( ,,ri*>d ,,de ,,beau*amp1 ,k4,g41 fif? ,e>l ( ,,w>wick1 :o di$ 9 ! ye> #adci4 ,! ,h]aldry 9 ?is example is p>ticul>ly int]e/+4 ,! ,%ield1 *>g$ ) ,newburgh & ,beau*amp qu>t]ly1 is c\*e f ! helm ( ! ,e>l :i* is ensign$ ) 8 coronet & cre/2 & on ei!r side is a be> ) a ragg$ /aff1 ! fam\s ,badges ( ! ,,beau*amps3 ,no4 #ddh 7see ,frontispiece74 ,! ,inscription is-- ,,sigill 3 ,,ric 3 ,,de 3 ,,bello 3 ,,campo 3 ,,comit 3 ,,w>wi*-- ,! ,seal ( ,ri*>d de ,beau*amp1 ,e>l ( ,w>wick 7see pages #bbc & #bbd74 ,,iii4 ,9 ,,go?ic ,,ar*itecture ,h]aldry is always a consi/5t1 beautiful1 & mo/ effective accessory4 ,inde$1 s ?or\ghly is ! _s ( ,h]aldry 9 h>mony ) ! great ,ar*itecture :i* grew up 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 t ,h]aldry mu/ be consid]$ r z an elem5t ( its nature ?an z an alli$ ,art4 ,go?ic ,ar*itecture is ess5tially h]aldic2 & h5ce1 z well z f its ela/ic nature & its equally consi/5t & happy applicability to e use & requirem5t1 x is peculi>ly appropriate z our own national /yle4 ,f ! e>lie/ ye>s ( its exi/5ce z a def9ite ,sci5ce1 ,h]aldry is f\nd to be mo/ intimately associat$ ) ! ,go?ic ,ar*itecture ( ,engl&3 & happy x 0 = ! e>ly ,h]alds1 t 9 _! days ! ,engli% ,go?ic 0 at "w 9 ! full /r5g? ( its fir/ maturity4 ,& ?is alliance 0 nev] int]rupt$1 or p]mitt$ to decl9e f its orig9al cordiality4 ,z long z ! ,go?ic fl\ri%$1 ,h]aldry held its own place 9 ,ar*itecture4 ,& 9 ! f9e/ works t exi/ among/ u1 relics ( ! gr& ,go?ic ,ages ( ,engli% ,ar*itecture1 ,h]aldry is ev] pres5t to adorn !m ) its graphic records4 ,9 ! sp&rels ( arcades1 9 panels1 ^u bosses 9 vault+1 9 /a9$ glass1 9 encau/ic floor-tiles1 & inde$ 9 almo/ e position 9 :i* su* ornam5tation c\ld be admissible1 ! e>ly ,h]ald is f\nd to h be5 ! fell[-work] ) ! e>ly ,go?ic ar*itect4 ,go?ic ,ar*itecture1 accord+ly1 has pres]v$ = u v noble collections & specim5s ( ! mo/ valuable illu/rations ( our national ,h]aldry4 ,cant]bury & ,york ,ca!drals1 & ! ,abbey ,*ur*es ( ,we/m9/] & ,/4 ,alban's1 ) ! ,*apel ( ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 are especially ri* 9 h]aldic treasures3 & ,we/m9/] ,hall & ! nor!rn ,ca/les ( ,alnwick & ,w>kwor? may be specifi$ z noble examples ( secul> ,ar*itecture1 :i* reta9 _! h]aldic enri*m5ts4 ,,iv4 ,go?ic ,,monum5ts1 & 9 common ) !m _! successors ( ! ,r5aissance era1 ab\nd 9 e v>iety ( armorial blazonry4 ,& f9e examples ( h]aldic ,monum5ts are no less abundant1 ?an are ! ,%ields & o!r insignia t appe> on p>ticul> memorials4 ,! pr9ciples :i* direct$ ! selection ( ,%ields to be introduc$ into ! composition ( e>ly ,monum5ts are wor?y ( c>eful consid]ation3 & ! same rem>k is no less applicable 9 ! case ( ,ar*itecture4 ,i mu/ be cont5t to specify a v small gr\p ( h]aldic ,monum5ts ( especial int]e/ & value4 ,9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey3 ! ,monum5ts ( ,que5s ,,alianore ( ,ca/ile1 ,,philippa ( ,ha9ault1 ,,elizabe? ,,tudor1 & ,,m>y ,,/u>t2 ! ,monum5ts ( ,k+ ,,edw>d ,,iii4 & ,k+ ,,h5ry ,,vii42 & ^? ( ,,alianore ,,de ,,bohun1 ,du*ess ( ,,gl\ce/]1 ! ,c\ntess ( ,,l5nox1 ! ,c\ntess ( ,,d]by1 ! two ,,de ,,val5ces1 ,e>ls ( ,pembroke1 ,,edmund1 ,e>l ( ,lanca/]1 ,"l ,,b\r*i]1 & ,sir ,,giles ,,daub5ey1 ,k4,g4 ,9 ,cant]bury ,ca!dral3 ! ,monum5ts ( ! ,,black ,,pr9ce1 & ( ,,h5ry ,,iv4 & ,,joanna ( ,nav>re4 ,9 ,salisbury ,ca!dral3 ! ,monum5t ( ,e>l ,,william ,,longesp,e4 ,9 ,/4 ,alban's ,abbey ,*ur*3 ! ,monum5ts ( ,,humphrey1 ,duke ( ,,gl\ce/]1 & ( ! ,abbots ,,:ea?am/$e & ,,ramryge4 ,also1 o!r f9e ,monum5ts 9 ! ,*ur*es at ,elsyng 9 ,norfolk1 ,ewelme & ,nor?leigh 9 ,ox=d%ire1 ,k+'s ,langley 9 ,h]t=d%ire1 & ,cobham 9 ,k5t2 9 ,bev]ley ,m9/]1 & 9 ! ,beau*amp ,*apel at ,w>wick4 ,v4 ,9 ! ,,illum9ations ( ! ,middle ,ages ,h]aldry has a place ( hon\r3 & 9 ! revival ( t e>ly ,art1 :i* is held 9 su* high e/imation at ! pres5t day1 ,h]aldry ought to occupy a position ( correspond+ prom95ce4 ,?is implies 9 ! ,illum9ators ( to-day "s k ( ,h]aldry1 & at lea/ "s degree ( famili>ity ) good e>ly examples4 ,i v5ture to sugge/1 !re=e1 to /ud5ts ( ,illum9ation ! /udy bo? ( ! ,h]ald's ,art & 8 ,sci5ce1 z no unimportant "p ( _! prep>ation = ! practice ( ! ,art ( ,illum9ation on ! pr9ciple ( ! sagaci\s maxim ( a great mod]n pa9t]1 quot$ by ,mr4 ,,rusk9 9 8 ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture--,"k :at y h to d1 & !n d x4 ,,vi4 ,9 ! ornam5tation ( e>ly ,,encau/ic or ,,inlaid ,,pavem5t ,,tiles1 ,%ields ( ,arms & v>i\s h]aldic devices frequ5tly occur3 & 9 _m examples ! ,%ields ( ,arms are arrang$ ) mu* skill & 9 excell5t ta/e1 to =m decorative compositions 9 comb9ation ) foliage & trac]ies4 ,num]\s h]aldic ,tiles ( a v int]e/+ "* rema9 9 ! ,ca!drals ( ,worce/]1 ,gl\ce/]1 & ,exet]2 & 9 ! ,*ur*es ( ,great ,malv]n1 ,k+'s ,langley1 ! ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,alban1 & _m o!rs4 ,! /ud5t w obs]ve t ! devices ^u ^! ,tiles are frequ5tly rev]s$1 evid5tly ! result ( ! neglect to rev]se ! designs ^u ! orig9al dies or /amps4 ,,vii4 ,h]aldic blazonry 0 highly e/eem$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages z a becom+ decoration = ,,p]sonal ,,co/ume4 ,! ,knights wore _! ,coats ( ,arms1 & !y c>ri$ & us$ _! ,%ields ( ,arms1 & _! armorial insignia 7 display$ ^u _! weapons & ^u ! v>i\s accessories ( _! p]sonal equipm5t4 ,! ,ladies adapt$ ?is usage to _! own ,co/ume1 & !y also wore ,mantles & ,dresses ( ,arms2 & _m ( _! p]sonal ornam5ts 7 /rictly h]aldic4 ,)\t ev5 sugge/+ n[ to our ,ladies any revival ( h]aldic co/ume1 prop]ly s call$--su* z dresses1 mantles1 or %awls emblazon$ ) ! be>+s ( armorial %ields--,i c]ta9ly d desire to see ,h]aldry ex]cis+ a p[]ful influ5ce 9 all designs = p]sonal ornam5ts1 ! works ( ! goldsmi? & ! jewell] m especially4 ,badges also may supply ! motive = design+ _m patt]ns t are to adorn fabrics us$ = co/ume3 &1 9 l mann] also1 ! designs wov5 into c>pets1 curta9s1 & v>i\s o!r fabrics may be d]iv$ ) ! greate/ advantage f ! same s\rce4 ,! loom is employ$ 9 blazon+ h]aldic insignia 9 :ite damask3 :y %\ld x n "w1 "u judici\s & cauti\s guidance1 9 silk & velvet1 9 sat9 & e wooll5 fabric8#ac ,footnote #ac3 ,i h lately se5 a design = ! embroid]y ( a dress = a "y lady ( ! ,clan ,,campbell2 its *>act]i/ic features are ! ,scotti% ,?i/le & ! ,myrtle1 ! latt] ! ,badge ( ! ,campbells4 ,i may express my approval ( ! motive ( ?is design3 o!rs1 z ,i h reason to believe1 h approv$ ! treatm5t ( x4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t h]aldic ornam5ts & devices1 unless !y be ( su* a "* t !y are univ]sally applicable1 mu/ h a ref]5ce to ! we>]1 or !y deg5]ate at once into h]aldic p>odies4 ,p]sonal ornam5ts1 co/ume1 furniture1 if h]aldic1 mu/ display devices t h a significance z well z a beauty3 su* co/ume & ornam5ts mu/ be1 n becom+ only to ! we>]1 b 79 ! h]aldic acceptation ( t t]m7 belong+ also4 ,& s 9 e in/ance4 ,= purposes ( univ]sal decoration & adornm5t1 ,h]aldry is no less applicable n[ ?an :5 ,,edw>d ,,iii4 or ,,h5ry ,,iv4 reign$ 9 ,engl&4 ,happily1 a ta/e = furniture & all ! appliances ( e-day life 9 ! ,go?ic /yle is gradually becom+ preval5t2 & ?is is insep>able f ! use ( ,h]aldry = ! purposes ( ornam5tation4 ,i presume t ! fallacy ( reg>d+ ! ,go?ic /yle ( ,art z exclusively ecclesia/ical 9 its associations & uses1 or z no less necess>ily insep>able f m$ival s5tim5ts & g5]al usages1 is beg9n+ to give way to m correct views1 z ! true nature ( ! ,go?ic & its orig9al univ]sal employm5t are bett] und]/ood4 ,i consid] x to be unnecess>y = me1 !re=e1 to ent] "h1 9 support ( my own s5tim5ts1 into any detail$ explanations to %[ t ! revival ( a ,/yle ( ,art :i* fl\ri%$ 9 bygone ages1 & ) x ! revival ( ,h]aldry z x 0 inv5t$ & grew into its e>ly dignity & popul>ity1 are 9 no way or degree :atev] connect$ ) an impli$ return to ! mode ( life ( f\r1 five1 or six c5turies ago4 ,we h us$ ,roman & ev5 :at we int5d$ to be ,greek ,ar*itecture 9 n9ete5?-c5tury ,engl&2 we are /ill 9 ! habitual use ( ,roman & ,greek designs = e v>iety ( decoration2 & ( late we h add$ ,egyptian & ,sc&9avian works ( ,art to ! des]v$ly priz$ collections ( models1 t we h =m$ = ! express purpose ( imitat+ !m3 & yet we d n consid] t we ?us 9 any way b9d ourselves to adopt ,roman1 or ,greek1 or ,egyptian1 or ,sc&9avian co/umes or cu/oms2 nor 9 our use ( ! ,arts ( ,antiquity d we p]ceive any demon/ration ( retrogression 9 ourselves4 ,x is ! same ) ,m$ival ,h]aldry & ,go?ic ,art4 ,we may apply to our own times1 our own uses1 our own delight1 :at ! old ,h]alds & ! ,go?ic ,arti/s h taught u1 )\t ev5 dream+ ( we>+ arm\r or re-e/abli%+ ! feudal sy/em4 ,true ,h]aldry 7= x is ) ,h]aldry t ,i am n[ m especially conc]n$7 is a ,sci5ce1 & x also is an ,art1 = all "t--= our times1 & = future times1 z well z = ! times t are pa/4 ,if we und]/& & appreciate x1 we %all n fail to use & to apply x aright4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ddi4--,seal ( ,sir ,,walt] ,,scott1 ( ,branxholm & ,kirkurd1 ,a4,d4 #aebi4 7,la+74 ,f ! initial-lett] ( my fir/ ,*apt] ,i susp5d$ ! ,%ield borne by t ,sir ,,walt] ,,scott1 ( ,abbots=d1 ^: "n w ev] be a h\sehold ^w ) e lov] ( :at is *ivalr\s & knightly4 ,"h ,i place ! ,seal1 ,no4 #ddi1 ( an e>li] ,sir ,,walt] ,,scott1 ( ,branxholm & ,kirkurd--a ,knight ( ano!r bran* ( ! same di/+ui%$ ,h\se1 :o diff]5c$ ! ,%ield ( ,scott s z to be>--,or1 on a b5d azure a mullet & two cresc5ts gold4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,pe]age ,,dignities ,! ,dignity ( ,e>l-- ,( ,b>on-- ,! ,p>liam5t ( #abie-- ,l&$ ,qualifications-- ,creation ( ! ,title ,duke ( ,cornwall-- ,! ,title ( ,m>quis-- ,! ,premi] ,b>on ( ,engl&-- ,! ,pe]age ( ,scotl&-- ,scotti% rema9d]s-- ,daught] ,inh]its 9 h] own "r-- ,det]m9ation ( an ,abeyance-- ,! ,"r to ,create ,pe]s ( ,irel&-- ,rights & ,privileges ( a ,pe]ess-- ,! ,daught]s ( ,pe]s-- ,anomalies ( ! ,engli% ,scale ( ,prec$5ce4 ,al?\gh ! "n ( ! dignity ( ,e>l is d]iv$ f a ,saxon ^w1 ! dignity itself1 l all o!rs1 is m ,norman ?an ,saxon 9 its "*4 ,at ! p]iod ( ! ,conque/1 & :il/ ! ,norman dyna/y 0 on ! ?rone1 !re 7 a numb] ( p :o bore ?is title4 ,at t "t & = long aft]w>ds1 c]ta9ly well into ! ,plantag5et p]iod1 an ,e>l )9 8 e>ldom 0 little %ort ( a petty sov]eign4 ,issues ( ju/ice & _m o!r rights ( regality 7 9 8 h&s1 & he occupi$ a position v mu* ak9 to a vic]oy = ! ,k+1 see+ t :at he did he did 9 8 own "n & z ,e>l1 or comes1 ( ! ,c\nty4 ,! ,high ,%]iff 0 ! vice-comes4 ,"s ( ! e>ldoms _h m ext5sive rights ( regality ?an o!rs1 "s 7 actual palat9ates1 & all e>ldoms orig9ally 7 hon\rs 9 fee h]itable by ! heir-g5]al4 ,e>ldoms _h a t]ritorial nature1 & ! ,e>l took 8 ?ird p5ny 9 ! issues ( ! ,c\rts 9 8 e>ldom4 ,! only o!r dignity at t p]iod 0 t ( ,b>on1 & j z ! ,e>ls ( to-day h little 9 common save dignity & title ) ! ,e>ls ( ! pa/1 s ! ,b>ons orig9ally 7 v unlike ! late/ creations ( mod]n ,prime ,m9i/]s 9 ! "n ( ! ,k+4 ,at ! ,norman ,conque/1 & = long aft]w>ds1 ! ,b>ons1 an indet]m9ate numb]1 7 ^? :o held _! l& 9 b>ony4 ,x is a matt] ( mu* unc]ta9ty at :at date ,p>liam5t came into be+4 ,! ^w goes back to a mu* e>li] p]iod1 & is us$ conc]n+ a v>iety ( meet+s :i* are n[ g5]ally reg>d$ z meet+s ( diff]5t ,c\ncils & n ( ,p>liam5t1 b hi/orians are agre$ t :e!r or n any e>li] meet+s c be prop]ly describ$ z ,p>liam5ts1 ! ,p>liam5t ( #abie 0 prop]ly & fully con/itut$ 9 all its elem5ts4 ,to ?is ,p>liam5t all ^? :o 7 p]sonally summon$ by ! ,k+ 9 _! own names & 7 n nom9at$ or elect$ by o!r p are ,pe]s1 & ( ^! ,pe]s ^? :o are n describ$ z ,e>ls are ,b>ons4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be not$ t ,bi%ops & ,abbots 7 summon$ by "r ( ! (fices !y held1 & !re are c]ta9 o!r (ficials :o 7 summon$ also because ( _! (fices & c\ld be di/+ui%$ f ! ,b>ons & ,e>ls4 ,!re is no %ad[ ( d\bt t ! reason = ! summon+ ( ! ,b>ons 0 ! fact t !y 7 great subjects & important because ( _! own]%ip ( l&4 ,x 0 l&[n]s :o _h to provide ! milit>y s]vices = ! c\ntry1 & ,p>liam5t 0 *iefly conc]n$1 n 9 law-mak+1 b 9 au?oris+ & consult+ z to milit>y exp$itions1 or 9 provid+ ! subsidies necess>y = ^! exp$itions1 & ! o!r s]vices ( ! ,cr[n4 ,9 addition to ?is ,pe]s ex]cis$ "s ( ! judicial functions ( ! ,cr[n4 ,b law-mak+ 0 done by ! ,k+ & 8 ,c\ncil until a lat] p]iod4 ,! l&$ qualifications :i* ju/ifi$ ! summon+ ( a man to ,p>liam5t z a ,b>on usually desc5d$ to 8 heir & simil>ly ju/ifi$ ! summon+ ( t heir2 & 9 t way1 b )\t any int5tion to t end1 ! "r ( summons & ! "r ( pe]age became h]$it>y4 ,orig9ally x _h be5 arbitr>y & at ! discretion ( ! ,cr[n4 ,x 0 n until ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iv4 t ! h]$it>y pe]age "* ( a b>ony 0 fully recognis$1 & ) t recognition came ! divorce ( ! t]ritorial idea f ! "r ( pe]age4 ,l anci5t e>ldoms1 anci5t b>onies 7 hon\rs 9 fee h]itable by ! heirs g5]al4 ,save t ,william ! ,conqu]or 0 ,sov]eign ,"l ( ! ,du*y ( ,norm&y & z su* ,duke1 ! dignity ( duke did n exi/ 9 ,engl& until #accg1 :5 ,edw>d ! ,black ,pr9ce 0 creat$ ,duke ( ,cornwall ) rema9d] to 8 heirs ! elde/ sons ( ! ,k+s ( ,engl&4 ,t 0 ! creation ( ! title n[ enjoy$ by ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 b ?is ,du*y ( ,cornwall & ! ,du*y ( ,lanca/] are really ,du*ies z di/+ui%$ f ! ,duk$oms enjoy$ by o!r p hav+ ! designation ( ,duke4 ,! title ( ,m>quis dates f #achf1 :5 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 creat$ ,rob]t de ,v]e ,m>quis ( ,dubl92 & ! title ( ,visc\nt f #addj1 :5 ! ,visc\nty ( ,beaumont 0 creat$4 ,! fir/ ,b>ony by ,lett]s ,pat5t 0 creat$ 9 #achg1 b ! olde/ surviv+ b>ony by pat5t n[ 9 exi/5ce dates f #addh1 :5 ,sir ,john ,/\rton 0 creat$ ,b>on & ,"l ,/\rton ( ,/\rton1 co4 ,wilts4 ,! pres5t ,"l ,m[bray1 ,segrave & ,/\rton1 :o has inh]it$ ! b>ony ( ,/\rton1 also claims1 z ,"l ,m[bray1 to be ! premi] b>on ( ,engl& al?\gh ! b>ony ( ,m[bray is plac$ on ! roll ( prec$5ce aft] ! b>onies ( ,le ,desp5s] & ,de ,ros4 ,al?\gh e>ldoms 7 grant$ by *>t]s f ! e>lie/ p]iod1 because1 atta*$ to ! e>ldom1 7 also mat]ial rights :i* ne$$ to be convey$1 pat5ts did n come into use = b>onies until x 0 desir$ to limit ! succession ( ! pe]age to ! heirs male ( ! body ( ! grantee1 :i* is a limitation & a less heir%ip ?an is compris$ 9 ! enjoym5t ( an hon\r 9 fee simple4 ,privilege ( pe]age ) all x entails has be5 a sl[ gr[? ( accretion2 & save = place & prec$5ce & ! "r ( any pe] or pe]ess to be tri$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 & ! n[ limit$ & ?reat5$ "r ( pe]s to legislate1 little ( privilege ( pe]age rema9s4 ,! pe]age ( ,scotl& is v simil> to t ( ,engl&1 &1 be=e ! ,union1 ! pr9cipal diff]5ce betwe5 ! two c\ntries 0 ! p]si/5cy ) :i* ! ,scotti% pe]age rema9$ atta*$ to ! l&4 ,until a late date a pat5t creat+ a ,scotti% pe]age erect$ c]ta9 l&s into a b>ony or e>ldom z ! case might be1 & entail$ ^? l&s ) ! dignity4 ,! diff]5ce aris+ f ?is =m ( proc$ure 0 m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by ! recognis$ & con/antly-adopt$ proc$ure ( resign+ a ,scotti% inh]itance into ! h&s ( ! ,cr[n1 & !n obta9+ :at is kn[n z a ,novodamus1 ) ei!r ! same or diff]5t limitations4 ,! _m ,scotti% rema9d]s1 :i* are q unkn[n to ,engli% pe]age law1 are all a consequ5ce ( ?is t]ritorial nature ( a ,scotti% pe]age4 ,"o ( ! *ief diff]5ces at ! pres5t "t betwe5 an ,engli% & a ,scotti% pe]age is to be f\nd 9 ^? :i* are h]itable by females4 ,unless gov]n$ by special rema9d] conta9$ 9 ! in/rum5t ( creation1 a ,scotti% pe]age1 :i* 9 ! ev5t ( failure ( a male heir devolves ^u a female heir1 diff]s f an ,engli% "o 9 its mann] ( desc5t4 ,9 ,scotl& ! eld] daught] inh]its z ( "r1 /&+ 9 ! l9e ( heir%ip next aft] h] y\nge/ bro!r & be=e any uncle or a y\ng] si/]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 su* an inh]itance is only kn[n by virtue ( a special rema9d] 9 ,engl&4 ,all ,b>onies by writ are ,b>onies 9 fee 9 ,engl&1 & h]itable by ! heir g5]al1 :i* means t !y c if necess>y devolve ^u females4 ,if ! only *ild ( a pe] hav+ su* a pe]age be a daught] %e inh]its 9 h] own "r1 b if 8 issue is two daught]s1 !n ! pe]age falls into abeyance betwe5 !m1 because "u ! law ( ,engl& !re is no s5iority among/ daught]s1 & z bo? ( !m _c enjoy "o s+le pe]age1 nei!r ( !m has x1 & x rema9s 9 abeyance until ! ,cr[n int]f]es or until by ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts "o l9e becomes ext+ui%$ by ! ext9ction ( all issue ( ! "o daught]1 :5 ! pe]age !n at once devolves ^u ! heir ( ! o!r4 ,sometimes an abeyance w la/ sev]al hundr$ ye>s1 sometimes x may end ) ! lapse ( "o or two2 b at any "t dur+ ! cont9uance ( an abeyance ! ,cr[n may1 at its entire pleasure1 signify t any co-heir %all enjoy ! pe]age4 ,?is is :at is t]m$ ! det]m9ation ( an abeyance1 & ?is is effect$ by ! issue ( a writ ( summons to ,p>liam5t if ! co-heir be a male or by ! issue ( lett]s pat5t 9 ! case ( a lady4 ,! co-heir 9 ^: fav\r ! abeyance is det]m9$ !n at once enjoys ! pe]age ) ! same designation & prec$5ce z ^? :o h held x hi!rto1 & 8 or h] heir succe$s 9 due c\rse4 ,al?\gh !re is "o judgm5t to ! contr>y1 x is n[ pretty univ]sally admitt$ t !re is no su* ?+ z an ,iri% ,b>ony by writ4 ,) ! union ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 no fur!r pe]ages ( ei!r c\ntry 7 creat$1 & subsequ5t pe]ages 7 ei!r ( ,great ,brita9 or ( ,irel&2 & x has be5 already judicially decid$ by ! ,h\se ( ,lords t ! p[] to create a ,scotti% pe]age does n n[ exi/ 9 ! ,cr[n4 ,!re is no simil> judgm5t 9 relation to a pe]age ( ,engl&1 b ! fact is t no attempt has s9ce be5 made to create "o1 & ?\gh ! po9t up to ! pres5t "t /ill has to be decid$1 x is c]ta9ly a matt] = argum5t :e!r or n su* a "r rema9s4 ,s9ce ! union ( ,great ,brita9 ) ,irel& no fur!r pe]ages ( ,great ,brita9 or ( ,engl& h be5 creat$1 b ! "r to create pe]s ( ,irel& 0 specifically reta9$ "u c]ta9 conditions & has be5 con/antly tak5 advantage (4 ,o!r pe]ages s9ce creat$ h1 h[ev]1 be5 ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,:e!r or n we %all ev] h pe]ages ( ! ,empire rema9s a matt] = ! future4 ,s9ce ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury x has be5 ! cu/om = pe]s & pe]esses 9 _! own "r to sign simply by ! designation ( _! pe]age4 ,! pe]ess by m>riage prefixes h] ,*ri/ian "n or initials to h] husb&'s title4 ,x is /atute law 9 ,scotl&1 b n 9 ,engl&1 t no p]son may sign 8 surname )\t prefix+ a ,*ri/ian "n or initials4 ,a pe]ess by m>riage :o is also a pe]ess 9 h] own "r signs fir/ h] husb&'s title1 add+ h] own aft]w>ds2 = in/ance1 ! signature ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,y>bor\gh is ,m>cia ,y>bor\gh1 ,fauconb]g & ,cony]s4 ,"o _c call to m9d 9 rec5t times any in/ances 9 :i* ! pe]ess 9 h] own "r has m>ri$ a pe] ( l[] rank ?an h] own1 & until su* a case occurs x is difficult to =eca/ :at ! signature %\ld be4 ,a pe]ess by m>riage aft] re-m>riage loses all privilege ( pe]age & prec$5ce1 & all "r :i* %e acquir$ by m>riage1 b z a matt] ( c\rtesy %e usually reta9s h] pe]age designation if h] subsequ5t m>riage is to a common]4 ,! daught] ( a pe] if m>ri$ to ano!r pe] takes ! prec$5ce ( h] husb& & rel9qui%es h] own1 b %e reta9s x if %e m>ries a common]2 & "o ( ! anomalies ( ! ,engli% scale ( prec$5ce is to be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ circum/ances4 ,if ! two eld] daught]s ( a ,duke 7 to m>ry an ,e>l & a ,b>on respectively1 :il/ ! y\nge/ daught] 7 to run away ) ! footman1 %e w\ld1 nev]!less1 rank z ! daught] ( a ,duke above h] si/]s rank+ z wives ( an ,e>l & a ,b>on4 ,,index ,abat$1 ,abatem5t1 #ajj1 #bjg ,abbots=d1 #a1 #cbf ,abas$1 #ajj ,ab]de51 ,e>l (3 ,arms1 #fh ,ab]gav5ny1 ,e>l (3 ,arms1 #ahg ,abeyance1 #ccj1 #cca ,accolle1 #ajj ,acco/$1 #ajj ,accru$1 #hb ,a*ievem5t1 ,a*ievem5t ( ,arms1 #ajj ,addors$1 #hf1 #ajj ,admirals1 #bef2 ,admiral ( ,engl&1 #bej ,admiralty1 ,flag (1 #bef s*ylus1 #f ,affronte1 #ajj ,aggr\pm5t ( ,arms1 #aeh1 #afc ,agnes de ,p]cy3 ,seal1 #afj ,agnus ,dei1 z a ,badge1 #adg1 #bgf ,alant1 ,al&1 #ajj ,albany1 ,duke (1 #bga ,albem>le1 ,e>l (3 ,support]s1 #ib ,alb]t1 ,h4,r4,h41 ! late ,pr9ce4 ,see ,pr9ce ,consort ,alb]t ,m$al1 #bic ,al]ion1 #if1 #ajj ,alianore de ,bohun4 ,see ,bohun ,alianore ( ,aquita9e3 ,arms1 #bei ,alianore ( ,ca/ile & ,leon3 ,arms1 #afb1 #aff2 ,monum5t1 #cbb ,alianore1 ,daught] ( ,edw>d ,i41 #gg ,alice ( ,hesse1 ,h4,r4,h41 ! ,pr9cess1 #bga ,alliance1 ,h]aldic ,record (1 #aei1 #afd2 ,feudal1 #aid ,allusive ,h]aldry1 #ae ,alnwick ,ca/le1 #cbb ,alphabet1 ! ,lett]s ( !1 9 ,h]aldry1 #ace ,alum9ium1 #dg ,ambulant1 #ajj ,angels1 ,h]aldic figures (1 #ge2 z ,support]s1 #ge1 #bdg ,anglo-,saxon ,%ields & ,/&>ds1 #e1 #ee ,anglo-,saxon ,sov]eigns1 ,arms attribut$ to !1 #ah1 #bei ,anj\1 ,ge(frey1 ,c\nt (1 #ahh ,anj\1 ,que5 ,m>g>et (1 #ig ,ann&ale1 ,arms 91 #aih ,anne ,boleyn1 ,que51 #bbi ,anne ,/u>t1 ,que51 #bec2 ,arms1 #bfj1 #bfb2 ,badge1 #bbi2 ,motto1 #bfe ,annulet1 ,annulett1 #gb1 #ajj1 #aja1 #abj2 9 ,mod]n ,cad5cy1 #aic ,antelope1 #hj1 #aja ,an?ony1 ,sa9t2 8 ,cross1 #aja1 #aed ,antique ,cr[n1 #aja ,anv]s1 ,sir ,t4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,appaume1 #aja ,aquita9e3 ,arms1 #bei ,ar*bi%op1 #aja2 ,m>%all+ 8 ,arms1 #agc ,ar*deacon1 ,l',erc$eckne3 ,arms1 #aif ,ar*$1 ,ar*y1 #aja ,ard]ne1 ,sir ,j43 ,arms1 #bja ,arg5t1 #dj1 #aja ,argyll1 ,duke (3 ,support]s1 #ia2 ,du*ess (1 #bga ,arm1 ,arm$1 #hj1 #aja1 #ajb ,armagh1 ,see (3 ,arms1 #ada ,armes ,p>lantes1 #af1 #gf1 #ajb ,armorial ,be>+s1 #ci1 #aja2 ,tax on1 #cac ,armory1 #b1 #aja ,arms1 ,%ields & ,coats (1 #b2 ,aggr\pm5t (1 #aeh2 ,attribut$1 #ah2 ,comb9ation (1 #aeh2 ( ,community1 #ajb2 ( ,dom9ion1 #ajb2 ( ,heiress & ,co-heiress1 #agj1 #agb2 ( ,h]ald ,k+s1 #agc2 ( ,husb& & ,wife1 #afg1 #aga2 ( ,knight1 #agd2 ( ,(fice1 #ajb2 ,(ficial1 #agd2 ( ,p>lante1 #ajb2 ( ,pe]ess 9 h] own "r1 #agc2 ( ,prelate1 #agc2 ( ,royal ,p]sonages1 #agd1 #beh2 ( ,unm>ri$ ,lady1 #agc2 ( ,wid[ & ,wid[]1 #agc ,arms1 ,grants & ,confirmations (1 #cjh ,arms f\nd1 #cac ,arms1 "r to be>1 #cjh ,arragon1 ,que5 ,ca!r9e (3 ,arms1 #bbi ,arr[1 #ajb ,art1 ,h]aldic1 #bd1 #bg1 #cbf ,art1 ,go?ic1 #cbe ,artificial ,figures & ,devices 9 ,h]aldry1 #gh ,ar?ur ,plantag5et1 #aij ,ar?ur ,tudor1 ,! ,pr9ce3 ,badge1 #bca ,arundel3 ,arms1 #ag1 #bjc ,arundel1 ,fitz ,alans1 ,e>ls (1 #hi1 #aia1 #bae ,arundel1 ,?omas ,fitz ,alan1 ,e>l (1 #aah ,arundel1 ,radulphus de3 ,arms #aia ,arundel1 ! ,b>on3 ,support]s1 #ib ,ascania1 ,b]nh>d (1 #aac ,a%ton3 ,badge1 #adg ,a%wel?orpe3 ,monum5t1 #bae ,ass*eby 7,a%by71 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #bjc ,at gaze1 #hj1 #ha1 #ajb2 ,at spe$1 #ha ,a?ole1 ,duke (3 ,support]s1 #ia ,attires1 ,attir$1 #ha1 #ajb ,attribut$ ,arms1 #ah ,aub]n\n1 ,sir ,j4 d'3 ,p5non & ,arms1 #adc1 #bdf ,augm5tation1 ,augm5t$1 #ajb ,augm5tations ( ,hon\r1 #bjd2 by ,royal ,fav\r1 #bjf ,au/ria1 ,! ,emp]or (1 #ig ,avellane1 #eg1 #ajb ,av5t9us1 #f ,azure1 #da1 #dg1 #ajb ,badge1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #age1 #bbj2 ,v>ieties (1 #bba1 #bbb2 ,examples (1 #bbd1 #bda2 m>k$ = ,cad5cy1 #aib1 #bbf2 9 ,seals1 #afd1 #bbe2 peculi>ly appropriate = pres5t use1 #bbg2 to sup]s$e ,cre/s1 #bah1 #bbg2 borne by ,ladies1 #bgg2 ,royal1 #bbj2 9 ,mod]n ,h]aldry1 #cji ,badge1 ( ,o/ri* ,fea!rs1 #bcj2 ( ,g>t]1 #bgh2 ( ,?i/le1 #bhj2 ( ,/4 ,patrick1 #bha2 ( ,ba?1 #bhc1 #bhd1 #bhe2 ( ,/> ( ,india1 #bhh ,badge1 ,yorki/1 #aba ,badges1 grant$ & record$1 #cji ,badges1 worn by1 #bea ,badlesm]e1 ,sir ,b4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,balliol3 ,arms1 #ff2 ,sir ,alex&] de1 ,seal1 #ajc1 #baj ,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d1 #ff ,bannebury1 ,sir ,r4 de1 #bjb ,br&$ #ajc ,bann]1 ,armorial1 #c1 #ajc1 #bdg2 blazon+ (1 #ci2 made on field ( ,battle1 #bdh2 ,royal1 #bff2 m>k$ = ,cad5cy1 #aib1 #beb2 on ,seals1 #bci2 at ,sea1 #bej2 ( ,leice/]1 #ad2 ( ,templ>s1 #ac1 #bgf ,bann]et1 #ajc2 creation (1 #bdh ,bann]man1 ,w4 ,bruce1 #cjb ,b>1 #ea1 #ajc2 examples (1 #bja ,b>b>ossa1 ,! ,emp]or1 #aac ,b>b$1 #ajc ,b>bel1 #gg1 #ajc ,b>d$1 ,b>d+s1 #ajc ,b>d(f3 ,arms1 #ahb2 ,john ,"l1 #cah ,b>kele4 ,see ,b]keley ,b>nacles1 ,breys1 #ajc ,b>on1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #cbh2 ,b>oness1 #ajd ,b>onet1 #ajd ,b>re1 de3 ,arms1 #ajc1 #afb2 ,joan de1 #afb1 #bbd2 ,h5ry de1 #afb2 ,john de1 #gg ,b>rule1 ,b>ruly1 #eb1 #ajd ,b>rulet1 #ea1 #ajf1 #ahb ,b>ry1 #eb1 #ajd ,b>ry ,b5dy1 #fj1 #ajd ,b>s ,gemelles1 #eb1 #ajc1 #abf ,b>-wise1 #ec1 #ajd ,base1 #cc1 #aje ,basilisk1 #aje ,bas9et1 #aje1 #bah ,bas+borne1 ,wm4 de3 ,arms1 #gj ,bassett3 ,arms1 #fb ,bat 9 ,h]aldry1 #gi ,ba? ,h]ald1 #aca ,ba?1 ,ord] ( !1 #bhc2 ,knights (1 #bhd2 ,companions (1 #bhd2 ,insignia (1 #bhd2 ,/alls ( ,knights1 #bhf ,ba?1 ,m>quess (1 #ib ,baton1 #aje2 ,s9i/]1 #aij1 #aia ,battl$1 or ,embattl$1 #aje ,bayeux ,tape/ry1 #e ,beacon1 ,fire ,beacon1 #aje ,beak$1 #aje ,be>1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gf2 ,be> & ,ragg$ ,/aff1 #bba1 #cba ,be>]1 #aje ,be>+s1 ,armorial ,be>+s1 #ci1 #aje4 ,see ,arms ,bea/s1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gf ,beatrice1 ,h4,r4,h41 ,! ,pr9cess1 #bga ,beau*amp1 ,e>l ,ri*>d de1 #afd1 #aga1 #bjh1 #cai2 8 ,badges1 #bba2 at ,j\/s at ,calais1 #bbc ,beau*amp1 ,e>l ,?omas de1 #afi1 #cai1 #cbj ,beau*amp1 ,k4,g41 ,e>l ,ri*>d1 #adf ,beau*amp1 ( ,w>wick3 ,arms1 #afi1 #aga1 #ahc2 ,badges1 #adf ,beau*amp1 ( ,blet%oe3 ,arms1 #ahc ,beau*amp1 ( ,elmley3 ,arms #ahc ,beau*amp1 at ,c>lav]ock3 ,arms1 #ahc ,beau*amp3 ,diff]5ces1 #ahg ,beau*amp ,*apel1 !1 at ,w>wick1 #afi1 #ahg1 #cbb ,beau=t3 ,arms & ,diff]5ces1 #ahi1 #aij1 #aib2 ,badge1 #adj1 #bcc ,beau=t1 ,m>g>et de1 #afi1 #agj1 #bcc ,beau=t1 ,john de1 #ahi1 #aij1 #bcf ,beau=t1 ,h5ry de1 #ahi ,beaumont1 ,bi%op ,lewis de3 ,effigy & ,arms1 #aei ,beaumont1 ,sir ,j43 ,cre/1 #baf ,beaumont1 ,visc\nt1 #cbi ,beausseant1 #ac1 #bgf ,bec1 ,bi%op ,an?ony1 #ef ,beckyngton1 ,bi%op3 ,rebus1 #adg ,b$=d1 ,isabelle1 ,c\ntess (1 #bbc ,b$=d1 ,john1 ,duke (1 #aha ,b$=d1 ! ,duke (3 ,support]s1 #ia ,bees1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gi ,bee/on1 ,arms1 #gi ,bell1 #aje ,bell$1 #aje ,b5d1 #eh1 #aje1 #aia2 ,examples1 #bja2 ,s9i/]1 #fj ,b5dlet1 #eh1 #aje1 #aia2 9 ,cad5cy1 #ahb2 ,s9i/]1 #aia ,b5dwise1 or ,b5dways1 di/9ction betwe51 #ei ,b5d-wise1 ,9 ,b5d1 #ei1 #aje ,b5dy1 #ei1 #aje ,b5nett1 ,john3 ,grant ( ,arms to1 #caa ,b]e1 ,sir de la3 ,cre/1 #bjf ,b]ham1 ,sir ,wm4 de1 #bjb ,b]keley3 ,arms1 #ahc1 #aif1 #bda2 ,badge1 #ach1 #bbd1 #bda2 ,cre/1 #ach1 #bda ,b]k]oles1 ,sir ,wm4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,b]myngham1 ,sir ,wm4 de3 ,arms1 #bja ,b]nh>d1 ( ,ascania1 #aac ,bev]ley ,m9/]1 #bg1 #ajf1 #aei ,bezant1 #ga1 #aje2 ,bezantee1 #gb ,bilbeswor?1 ,sir ,h4 de3 ,arms1 #ig ,billet1 ,billette1 #fd1 #gj1 #aje ,birds1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gf1 #aje ,birds ( prey1 #hj ,bird-bolt1 #ajb1 #aje ,bi%op1 #aje1 #agc ,bi%ops1 ,suffragan1 #ajf ,black ,pr9ce1 ,see ,edw>d ,bla/$1 #hb1 #ajf ,blazon1 #ca1 #ajf2 ,epi!ts & ,t]ms 91 #hj1 #ajf2 mod]n ref9em5t (1 #eb ,blazon+1 #ca1 #ci1 #de1 #ajf2 ,descriptive1 #df1 #ajf2 9 ,t9ctures1 #dg ,blazonry1 #ca1 #ajf ,blondeville1 ,ranulph de3 ,arms1 #aie ,blue ,ensign1 #bef ,bluemantle1 #acj ,bluet1 ,sir ,wm43 ,arms1 #bjb ,blundell3 ,arms1 #fe ,blybor\gh1 ,monum5t at1 #ajf ,bo>1 9 ,h]aldry1 #ajf2 ,bo>'s ,head1 #gf ,bohemia1 ! ,k+ (1 #bcj ,bohun1 ,de1 ,e>l ( ,h]e=d3 ,arms1 #ei1 #hi2 ,cre/1 #ia2 ,badge1 #aee1 #afd1 #bea ,bohun1 ,alianore de1 #afb1 #afi1 #cbc ,bohun1 ,m>y de1 #aec ,bohun1 ,e>l ,humphrey de1 #ei1 #hc ,bohun1 ,sir ,gilb]t de1 #ei ,bohun1 ,oliv] de1 #bja1 #bbe ,boleyn1 ,que5 ,anne3 ,arms1 #bjg1 #bbi ,bol+broke1 ! ,visc\nt3 ,support]s1 #ii ,bologne1 ,godfrey de1 #if ,bordet1 ,sir ,r43 ,arms1 #bjb ,bord\n1 ,sir ,j43 ,arms1 #ag1 #ajf1 #ada ,bordure1 #dc1 #fh1 #ajf2 ,examples1 #bf1 #aha2 ,qu>t]$ & ,impal$1 #afi2 ,compone1 #aib2 ,wavy1 #aib2 ( ,france1 #abd ,bo/ock1 ,hugo3 ,arms1 #ig ,bot]els1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #bjc ,botil]1 ,le3 ,arms1 #ej1 #eh1 #aae4 ,see ,butl] ,botone1 ,botone ,fit*e1 #ef1 #ajf ,bottet\rt3 ,arms1 #bda ,bottreaux1 ,m>g>et3 ,seal1 #bdj ,b\get1 ,wat] ,b\get1 #ajf ,b\r*i]1 ,"l3 ,arms1 #bda1 #cbc ,b\r*i]1 ,sir ,h4 de3 ,arms1 #aaj1 #baf ,b\r*i] ,knot1 #ajf1 #acc ,b\rdon1 #ag1 #ajf ,b[1 ,b[$1 #ajg ,b[5 ,knot1 #ajg1 #acc ,brac$1 #ajg ,brade/one1 ,sir ,t4 de3 ,arms1 #bbc ,brewys1 ,sir ,wm4 de1 #ahg ,brey1 ,sir ,reg9ald de3 ,badge1 #fj1 #ajd ,breys1 #ajg ,brian1 ,bryan1 ,sir ,guy de3 ,arms1 #fb ,brittany3 ,arms1 #ad1 #afe ,brittany1 ,john1 ,duke (1 #afc ,briv]e1 ,sir ,w4 de3 ,badge1 #ace1 #ach ,brisure1 ,brizure1 #ajg ,bromesgrove1 #bag ,bronscombe1 ,bi%op1 #abe ,broom-plant1 #ag ,br[nl[1 ! ,e>l3 ,support]s1 #ib ,bruce1 de3 ,arms1 #afa1 #aih ,bruce1 ,m>g>et1 ,lady de ,ros3 ,seal1 #afd ,bruce1 ,k+ ,rob]t de1 #aej ,bruce1 ,rob]t de1 ,e>l ( ,c>rick3 ,seal1 #bbd ,brunswick3 ,arms1 #bfb ,brus1 ,sir ,b]n>d de3 ,arms1 #ej ,buccleu*1 ,duke (3 ,diff]5ce1 #aia ,buck1 #aaf ,buckle4 ,see ,f]mail ,burgh1 de3 ,arms1 #afd ,burgh1 ,elizabe? de3 ,arms1 #afd ,burgh1 ,hub]t de3 ,arms1 #fi ,burgh1 ,william de3 ,arms1 #afc ,burgonet1 #ajg ,burke1 ,sir ,b43 8 ,pe]age1 #ih ,burnett1 ,george1 ,esquire1 ,"l ,lyon1 #cjg ,burton1 ,abbot3 ,rebus1 #adg ,butt]flies1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gi ,buttons1 ,h]aldic1 #bbb ,bygod1 ,sir ,r41 #bjb ,byron3 ,arms1 #aai ,caboss$1 or ,cabo%$1 #ha1 #ajg ,cad5cy1 #ajg1 #agh2 ,m>k$1 #agi2 ,m>ks (1 #ajg1 #agi2 by ,label1 #agi2 by ,bordure1 #aha1 #aib2 by ,b5dlet1 #aha1 #ahi2 by ,canton1 #ahb1 #aia2 by ,*ange ( ,t9ctures1 #ahb2 by ,*ange ( ,*>ges1 #ahb2 by ,small ,*>ges1 #ahb2 by ,(ficial ,insignia1 #ahd2 by ,s+le ,small ,*>ge1 #ahf2 ( ,illegitimacy1 #ahg1 #aib2 ,m>k$ on ,badges1 ,bann]s1 ,cre/s1 ,mantl+s1 ,/&>ds1 & ,support]s1 #aib1 #bb1 #bdi2 ,mod]n1 #aic ,cad5cy1 ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii4 on1 #bjj ,cad5cy1 unpi]c$ mullet1 #aci ,cadet1 #ajg ,calais1 ,citiz5s (1 #aih ,calf1 #gf ,caltrap1 #ajg ,calv>y ,cross1 #ee ,calveley3 ,arms1 #gf ,cambridge1 ,h4,r4,h41 ! ,duke (1 #bgj ,camd51 #aci1 #bcj ,camoys1 ,eliz41 ,lady1 #afi ,camoys1 ,?os41 ,"l de1 #aaj1 #afi ,camoys1 ! ,b>on3 ,support]s1 #ib ,campbell3 ,arms1 #ga2 ,badge1 #cbd ,cant]bury3 ,arms ( ,see1 #ada2 ,arms ( ,dean]y1 #ace2 ,ar*bi%op (1 #aja2 ,h]aldry ( ! ,ca!dral1 #bcf1 #cbb ,cant]bury1 ,wm4 de ,c\rt5ay1 ,ar*bi%op (1 #ahd ,cant+ ,h]aldry1 #af1 #ajg ,canton1 ,canton$1 #fd1 #ajg2 9 ,cad5cy1 #ahj1 #aij ,canton & ,qu>t] di/9ction1 #fe ,cantons1 ,*iefs & ,inescut*eons (1 #bjd ,canvyle1 ,sir ,g4 de3 ,arms1 #bjd ,caple1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,c>buncle4 ,see ,esc>buncle ,c>ew1 ,sir ,ni*olas3 ,arms1 #hi ,c>lav]ock1 ,roll (1 #ab1 #beh ,c>lisle1 #ac ,c>lisle1 ,e>l (3 ,support]s1 #ib ,c>n>von1 ,e>l (3 ,support]s1 #ib ,c>rick1 ,e>l o1 #bbd ,c>ru1 ,sir ,n41 #bjd ,c>t\*e1 #cg1 #ajg ,ca/ile & ,leon3 ,arms1 #ag1 #ajb1 #aff ,ca/ile & ,leon1 ,que5 ,alianore (1 #aff ,ca/ile & ,leon1 ,f]d9& ,,iii41 ,k+ (1 #aff2 ,p$ro1 ,k+ (1 #bdh ,ca/le1 #ajb1 #ajg ,ca/le-acre ,priory1 #dd ,ca!r9e1 ,que51 ( ,arragon1 #bbi ,ca!r9e ,p>r1 ,que51 #bbi ,cavalry ,/&>ds1 #bef ,cave3 ,motto1 #ach ,cav5di%3 ,motto1 #ach ,cele/ial ,cr[n1 #ajg ,c5taur1 ,sagitt>ius1 #ajh1 #beh ,c]cele1 ,rec]cele1 #ef1 #ajh ,*aff9*1 #gf ,*ampagne3 ,arms1 #abd ,*&os1 ,sir ,p4 de1 #fb2 ,sir ,john1 #bdh ,*apeau1 #ajh1 #bac1 #bae ,*aplet1 #ajh ,*>ge1 #ch1 #ajh2 ,miscellane\s1 #gj2 ,second>y1 #ahc2 ,s+le ,small1 #ahf ,*>lemagne3 8 ,cr[n1 #bfb ,*>les ,i41 #aia1 #bgi2 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,badge1 #bbi2 ,cr[n1 #bff ,*>les ,,ii41 #ajc1 #aib1 #bje1 #bgi2 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,badge1 #bbi ,*>les ,v41 ( ,france1 #gh1 #abb ,*>le/one1 ,sir4 ,j43 ,arms1 #if ,*>t]is1 #aci ,*>?am1 #abj ,*a/illon3 ,arms1 #afc1 #afh2 ,guy de1 #afc ,*auc]1 ,ge(frey1 #bjj ,*awor?1 ,de3 ,arms1 #afd2 ,matilda de1 ,seal1 #afd ,*eque1 ,*equy1 ,*ecky1 #dc1 #ajh ,*ess-rook1 #aji ,*e/]1 ,c\nty ,palat9e (1 #aie2 ,arms1 #aie1 #bfg2 ,ranulph1 ,e>l (1 #aie ,*e/]1 ,e>ls (1 #aie ,*e/] ,h]ald1 #acj ,*evron1 ,*evronel1 ,*evronne1 ,*evrony1 #fa1 #aji2 ,examples1 #bjc ,*ief1 #cc1 #di1 #aji2 ,examples1 #bja ,*ildrey1 ,brass at1 #aed ,*ivalry1 ,high ,c\rt (1 #bjj1 #bja2 ,ord] (1 #bge ,*olmondeley3 ,motto1 #aci ,*ri/*ur*1 ,ox=d1 #bcf ,*ur*-,bell4 ,see ,bell ,c9quefoil1 #aji ,c9que ,ports3 ,arms1 #afh ,civic ,cr[n1 #aji ,cl>e1 ,de3 ,arms1 #fa1 #aif2 ,badge #aji ,cl>e1 ,gilb]t de1 ! ,r$ ,e>l1 #ie ,cl>e1 9 ,suffolk1 #aif ,cl>emont ,nesle3 ,arms1 #afi ,cl>5ce1 ,lionel1 ,duke (1 #afd1 #ahj ,cl>5ce1 ,?omas1 ,duke (1 #aha ,cl>5ceux1 #aji1 #acj1 #aca2 ,arms1 #aca ,cl>5don1 ,k4,g41 ,e>l (1 #eg ,cl>5don1 ,sir ,rog] de3 ,arms1 #aia ,cl>5don1 ! ,e>l (1 ,support]s1 #ii ,cl>ion1 #aji ,clasps1 #bij ,cle*ee1 #eg1 #aji ,clevel&1 ,duke (3 ,diff]5ce1 #aia ,clif=d1 ,"l1 #ej1 #ea ,cl9tone1 ,cl9ton1 ,sir ,j4 de1 #ej1 #bja2 ( ,maxtoke1 #bja2 ,badge1 #bbd ,close1 #aji1 #aaf ,clos$1 #ha ,closet1 #aji ,cl\e1 #ga1 #aji ,coat ( ,arms1 #c1 #aji1 #cbd ,coat ,arm\r1 #aji ,cobham ,monum5ts1 #cbc ,cockatrice1 #gi1 #aaj ,cockayne3 ,arms1 #gf ,co-,heiress3 ,arms1 #agj ,co9age1 ,h]aldry ( !1 #caf ,coleville1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #bja ,coll>1 #aaj1 #acj2 ( ! ,g>t]1 #bgh2 ( ! ,?i/le1 #bjj2 ( ,/4 ,patrick1 #bha2 ( ! ,ba?1 #bhc2 ( ! ,/> ( ,india1 #bhg ,college ( ,arms or ,h]alds' ,college4 ,see ,h]ald ,college ( ,arms1 ,arms (1 #aca ,col\r1 #dj1 #da1 #dg1 #aaj ,col\rs1 #aaj1 #bfe ,combattant1 #hf1 #aaj ,comb9ation ( ,arms1 #aeh1 #afe ,comp>tm5t1 #aaj ,complem5t1 #aaa ,compone1 ,compony1 or ,gobony1 #dc1 #aaa2 ,bordure1 #aia ,comp\nd ,badges1 #acc ,comp\nd ,qu>t]+1 #cd1 #aaa ,comp\nd$ ,arms1 #aaa1 #aeh1 #afd ,confessor1 !1 #bjf4 ,see ,/4 ,edw>d ,confirmation ( ,arms1 #cjh2 ,example1 #cab ,conjo9$ 9 ,eure1 #aaa ,connaught1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,duke (1 #bga ,consort1 ,h4,r4,h41 ! late ,pr9ce3 ,arms1 #bff2 ,diff]5ce1 #bff2 ,coronet1 #bfg1 #bid2 ,cre/1 #bfg2 ,support]s1 #bfg2 ,motto1 #bfg ,contoise1 #aaa1 #baa ,cont\rne1 #aaa ,controv]sy1 ! ,scrope & ,grosv5or1 #bjj ,corbet3 ,arms1 #ag ,cork1 ,e>l (3 ,support]s1 #ib ,corni% ,*\gh1 #aaa ,cornwall1 ,edmund1 ,e>l (1 #id2 ,ri*>d1 ,e>l (1 #fh1 #hc1 #id1 #bjd ,cornwall1 ,pi]s ,gave/on1 ,e>l (1 #ie ,coronet1 #aaa ,co/ume1 ,h]aldry (1 #cbd ,cosynton1 ,sir ,s4 de3 ,arms1 #bbc ,cotise1 ,cotis$1 #ec1 #eh1 #aaa ,c\*ant1 ,dormant1 #hf1 #aaa ,c\*e1 #ch1 #aaa ,c\nt1 ,c\ntess1 #aab ,c\nt]1 #aab ,c\nt]-*ang+1 #dd1 #aab1 #bed ,c\nt] ,compone1 #dc1 #aab ,c\nt] ,embattl$1 #aab ,c\nt] ,passant1 #hf ,c\nt] ,pot5t1 #da ,c\nt] ,rampant1 #hf ,c\nt] ,sali5t1 #hf ,c\nt]-,seal1 #aab ,c\nt]-,vair1 #da ,c\p$1 #ed1 #hg1 #aab ,c\ple-,close1 #aab ,c\rant1 #ha1 #aab ,c\rt5ay1 ,william de1 ,ar*bi%op1 #ahd2 ,pet] de1 ,bi%op1 #bbf ,c\rt5ay ,e>l ,edw>d de1 #ada1 #bad2 ,badge1 #bbf ,c\rtesy1 ,titles (1 #aab ,c\r?ope1 ,william1 ,esq41 late ,som]set ,h]ald1 #i ,cov5try1 ,e>l (3 ,support]s1 #ii ,c[>d1 ,c[$1 #hf1 #aab ,crampet1 #aab ,crancel91 #aab ,craw=d1 ,dev]guilla3 ,seal1 #bci ,cr5elat$1 #aac ,cresc5t1 #fh1 #aac2 9 ,mod]n ,cad5cy1 #aic ,cresset1 #aac ,cre/1 #aac1 #agd1 #bjh2 ,e>ly1 #bac2 ,m>k$ = ,cad5cy1 #aic2 ,diff]5c$1 #baf2 z orig9ally worn1 #bah2 two or m1 #bai2 sup]s$$ by ,badge1 #bah1 #bbg2 ( ,engl&1 #ij1 #bfd2 ( ,scotl&1 #ij1 #bfd2 ( ,engli% ,pr9ces1 #ij1 #bff2 ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 #ii2 ,g]man1 #bab ,cre/-,coronet1 #aac1 #aai ,cre/-,wrea?1 #aac1 #abj1 #abc ,cre/s1 ,inh]itance (1 #bai ,cret+e1 ,sir ,j4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,cr9$1 #aad ,crombe1 de3 ,arms1 #fb ,cross1 #ed1 #aad2 ,?r\gh\t1 #ed2 ,c\p$1 or ,humette1 #ed2 ,void$1 #ee2 ,fimbriat$1 #ed2 ( ,/4 ,george1 #ed1 #bec2 ( ,/4 ,&rew1 #fa1 #bec2 ( ,/4 ,patrick1 #fa1 #bec2 ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 or ,tau1 #ee2 ,greek1 #ee2 ,lat91 #ee2 ,qu>t]-pi]c$1 #ed2 ,qu>t]ly-pi]c$1 #ee2 on ,degrees1 #ee2 ,calv>y1 #ee2 ,h]aldic ,v>ieties (1 #ee2 ,quadrate1 #ee1 #ade2 ,patri>*al1 #ee1 #adb2 ,f\r*e1 #ee1 #abe2 ,mol9e1 #ee1 #ach1 #aic2 ,rec]cele1 #ef1 #aej2 ,patonce1 #ef1 #adb2 ,fleury1 #ef1 #abe2 ,fleurettee1 #ef1 #abe2 ,pomme1 #ef2 ,botone1 or ,trefle1 #ef1 #ajf2 ,crosslet1 #ef2 ,cle*e1 #eg1 #aji2 ,patee1 or ,=me1 #eg1 #adb2 ,maltese1 & ( eight po9ts1 #eg2 ,pot5t1 #eg1 #add2 ,avellane1 #eg1 #ajc2 ,fit*e1 #eh1 #aba ,crosslet1 ,cross$ ,crosslet1 #ef ,cr[n1 #aad1 #aci1 #bff ,cr[n ( ,india1 ,ord] (1 #bid ,crozi]1 #aad ,crusad] ,k+s1 ,!3 ,arms1 #dc ,crusades1 #d ,crusile1 ,crusily1 #ef1 #aae ,cubit-,arm1 #aae ,cumb]l&1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,duke (1 #bga ,cumm93 ,arms1 #ie ,cup1 ,cov]$ ,cup1 #aae ,curiosities ( ,h]aldry1 by ,mr4 ,m4 ,a4 ,l[]1 #cjc ,cu%ion1 ,pill[1 ,oreill]1 #aae ,cyclas1 #aec ,cz>1 ,!3 ,arms1 #ib ,dacre ,knot1 #aae1 #acd ,dagewor?1 ,sir ,j43 ,arms1 #ea1 #bja ,dalm5hur/3 ,arms1 #bfi ,dancett1 #ce1 #gj1 #aae1 #aeg ,danse4 ,see ,dancett ,d>cy1 ,d',arcy3 ,arms1 #fe ,d>nley1 ,"l3 ,arms1 #fh ,daub5ey1 ,sir ,giles1 ,k4,g41 #cbc ,d',aubigny3 ,arms1 #agj ,debas$1 #aae ,debruis$1 #aae ,decoration1 ,h]aldic1 #cbd ,decresc5t1 ,9 ,detrim5t1 #hj1 #aae ,de]1 #hj1 #aae ,degrees1 #ee1 #aaf ,de9c\rt3 ,arms1 #gj ,delam]e1 ,sir ,john1 #if2 ,sir ,g41 #bjb ,dememb]$1 ,dismemb]$1 #aaf ,demi1 #aaf ,demi-,eagle1 #ii ,demi-,lion1 #hg ,d5bigh1 ,e>l (1 #ih ,d5m>k3 ,arms1 #hc1 #bfh ,dep5d5cy1 ,feudal1 #aid ,depress$1 #aaf ,desp5c]1 ,le3 ,arms1 #aga2 ,b>ony1 #cbi ,desp5c]1 ,isabelle le1 #aga2 ,bi%op ,h5ry le1 #ahf1 #bae2 ,john le1 #aej ,devon1 ,e>l (1 #bad ,dext]1 #cb1 #cc1 #aaf ,deyville1 ,sir ,j4 de1 #bjb ,diap]1 ,diap]+1 #dd1 #aaf ,diff]5ce1 ,diff]5c+1 #aaf1 #agg1 #aij1 #aid ,diff]5c$ ,%ields1 #ahf1 #bjj ,diff]5ces1 ,tempor>y1 #agg2 ,p]man5t1 #agg2 = ,di/9ction only1 #aii2 ( ,illegitimacy1 #ahg ,dignities1 #ca ,dimidiation1 ,dimidiat$1 #aaf1 #afb1 #afg ,disclos$1 #aaf ,display$1 #ha1 #aaf ,disposition1 ,dispos$1 #de1 #aaf ,di/+ui%$ ,s]vice ,ord]1 #bib ,ditzm]s3 ,arms1 #bfi ,divid+ & ,bord] ,l9es1 #cd1 #aaf ,dolph91 #g1 #gg1 #gh1 #hb1 #aaf ,dormant1 #hf1 #aaf ,d\ble-queu$1 #aaf ,d\bl+1 #aaf ,d\glas3 ,arms1 #gd2 ,cre/1 #adi2 ,badge1 #bbd2 ,augm5tation1 #bjf ,d\glas ,sir ,james1 #gd2 ,"l ,william1 #gd2 ! fir/ ,e>l1 #gd ,d\glas & ,m> ,william1 ,e>l (1 #id ,dove-tail1 #ce1 #aaf ,doyle1 #aci ,dragon1 #gi1 #aaf ,dresses ( ,arms1 #cbd ,dreux1 ,de3 ,arms1 #aaf1 #afe ,dreux1 ,j4 de1 ,duke ( ,brittany1 #afc1 #afe ,drummond1 ,john3 ,seal1 #bdd ,drury3 ,arms1 #aed ,dubl91 ,de ,v]e1 ,m>quess (1 #acf1 #cbi ,dubl93 ,arms (1 ,see1 #ada ,ducal ,coronet1 #aag ,du*ess1 #aag ,du*ies ( ,cornwall & ,lanca/]1 #cbi ,dudley1 ,e>l ,rob]t1 #bjh ,dudley1 ,?omas3 ,seal1 #baf ,duke1 #aaf1 #cbi ,dunboyne1 ! ,b>on3 ,support]s1 #ib ,durem1 ,sir ,g4 de1 #bjb ,durham1 #ad ,eagle1 #aag2 ,h]aldic1 #be1 #gf2 9 ,/a9$ glass at ,york1 #ib2 sculptur$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 #ib2 ) "o ,head1 #ib2 ) two ,heads1 #ic2 ,imp]ial1 cr[n$1 #ie2 ) ,nimbus1 #ie2 ,draw+ (1 #ih2 ,au/rian1 #ih2 ,fr5*1 #ih2 z ,support]1 #ii2 z ,badge1 #adh ,eagles & ,hawks1 #ha ,eaglet1 #ie1 #ii1 #aag ,e>l1 #aag1 #cbg ,e>l ,m>%al1 !1 #aca ,ea/]n1 ,radiat$1 or ,antique ,cr[n1 #aah ,ecclesal ,ekele%ale3 ,arms1 #aig ,ecclesia/ics1 ,h]aldic decoration ( _! ,ve/m5ts1 #aei ,e*+ham1 ,de3 ,arms1 #ga ,ed9burgh1 ,h4,r4,h41 ! ,duke (1 #bhj ,edmond1 ,son ( ,edw>d ,i41 #aha ,edmund1 ,sa9t3 ,arms1 #ai1 #bjf1 #bei ,edmund1 ,e>l ( ,cornwall1 #id ,edmund1 ,e>l ( ,lanca/]1 #abc1 #agi1 #aha1 #cbc ,edw>d1 ,sa9t1 ! ,confessor3 ,arms1 #ai1 #aha ,edw>d ,i43 ,label z ,pr9ce ,royal1 #agh2 ,arms1 #bei2 ,badge1 #bbh2 ,b>d+ ( ,*>g]1 #ajc2 ,rolls ( ,arms ( 8 era1 #ac ,edw>d ,,ii43 ,label z ,pr9ce ,royal1 #agh2 ,arms1 #bei2 ,badge1 #bbh2 ,roll ( ,arms ( 8 era1 #ac ,edw>d ,,iii43 ,label z ,pr9ce ,royal1 #agh2 ,arms1 #bei2 qu>t]s ,france ,anci5t1 #abc2 ,cre/1 #ij1 #ii1 #bac1 #bfc2 ,badges1 #bbg1 #bcb2 ,support]s1 #bcg2 ,h]aldry ( 8 ,monum5t1 #bf1 #afi2 ,roll ( ,arms ( 8 era1 #ac2 ,h]aldry 9 8 "t1 #i2 8 love ( ,h]aldry1 #bbc2 f\nds ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]1 #bgf ,edw>d ,,iv43 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,support]s1 #ia1 #bfd2 ,badges1 #bbi2 ,co9s1 #cag2 grants ,augm5tations1 #bac ,edw>d ,v43 ,arms1 #bfj ,edw>d ,,vi43 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,support]s1 #bfd2 ,badges1 #bbi2 be>s ! ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge1 #bcj2 ,co9s1 #caf ,edw>d ,,vii4 ,vide ,k+ ,edw>d ! ,black ,pr9ce3 ,arms1 #acd1 #agh1 #aia2 ,cre/1 #ia1 #bae2 ,badge1 #bcj1 #bca2 ,motto1 #bcd2 ,fir/ ,engli% ,duke & ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 #aaf1 #bcd1 #cbi2 at ,nav>et1 #bdh2 8 ,w1 #bcd2 8 ,monum5t1 #bf1 #bcc ,eglesfield1 ,rob]t de3 ,arms1 #ig ,egl9t\n1 ,e>ls (1 #aa ,eleanor4 ,see ,alianore ,electoral ,bonnet1 #aah1 #bfc ,el=d1 ,monum5ts at1 #bae ,elizabe?1 ,que53 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,support]s1 #bfd2 ,badges & ,mottoes1 #bbi1 #bfe2 ,*anges ,col\r ( ,ribbon ( ! ,g>t]1 #abf1 #bgi2 h] ,monum5t1 #cbb ,elizabe?1 ,c\ntess ( ,holl& & ( ,h]e=d1 #afa ,elsyng1 ,brass at1 #baf1 #cbc ,el?am1 ,pr9ce ,john (1 #bf1 #abd1 #afe1 #aha1 #bej ,embattl$1 & ,c\nt] ,embattl$1 #cd1 #aah ,emblazon+1 #dg ,emblems1 #i ,emb[$1 #hb1 #aah ,embru$1 #aah ,endorse1 ,endors$1 #ec1 #aah ,enfil$1 #aah ,engl&3 ,arms1 #bg1 #hc1 #hi1 #beh2 ,royal ,h]aldry (1 #beh1 #bfg2 ,patron ,sa9ts (1 #ai2 ,lions (1 #hg1 #beh2 ,cre/1 #ij1 #bfc2 ,support]s1 #ia1 #bfd2 ,badges1 #adi1 #bbh2 ,cr[ns1 #bff2 ,flags1 #bec ,engl&1 ,bordure ,wavy1 #aia1 #aib ,engrail$1 #cd1 #aah1 #aig ,enhanc$1 #aah ,ensign1 #bee2 ,r$1 #bee2 ,:ite1 #bef2 ,blue1 #bef ,ensign$1 #aai ,entire1 ,entoire1 ,entoyre1 #aai ,envelop$1 ,environ$1 #aai ,epi!ts1 ,h]aldic1 & ,descriptive ,t]ms1 #hj ,equipp$1 #aai ,eradicat$1 #hb1 #aai ,eras$1 #hg1 #aai ,erm9e1 ,erm9es1 ,erm9ois1 #da1 #db1 #aai ,erne1 #if1 #aai ,erne=d1 ,wm4 de3 ,arms1 #if ,ersk9e3 ,arms1 #ec ,escallop or ,escallop-,%ell1 #ei1 #gg1 #gh1 #abj ,esc>buncle1 #ae1 #aai ,es*ales3 ,arms1 #ag ,escroll1 #aai ,escut*eon1 #aai2 ( ,pret5ce1 #abj1 #agj1 #cad ,esquire1 #abj ,essex1 ,h5ry1 ,e>l (1 #baf ,essex1 ,e>l (1 ,ge(frey de1 #ae ,essex1 ! ,e>l (3 ,support]s1 #ib ,e/ate1 #abj ,e/oile1 #abj ,e/oteville1 ,sir ,n4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,e/wick3 ,motto1 #aci ,etone1 ,sir ,n4 de3 ,arms1 #if ,eureux1 ,d'1 ( ,salisbury1 #ahh ,ewelme1 #cbc ,exet] ,ca!dral1 #aaa1 #bca ,exet]1 ,holl&s1 ,dukes (1 #aha2 ,john ,gr&ison1 ,bi%op (1 #ahd ,exet]1 ,m>quess (3 ,support]s1 #ib ,expression1 ,/yles & ,=ms (1 #cj ,fabul\s ,be+s1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gi ,fairfax3 ,motto1 #ach ,falcon]3 ,arms1 #ag ,false1 #abj2 ,false ,cross1 #ee2 ,false ,escut*eon1 #ff2 ,false ,r\ndle1 #gb1 #abj ,fan1 or ,w9n[+ ,fan1 or ,vane1 #abj ,fan-,cre/1 #abj1 #baj ,f>oe ,isl&s3 ,arms1 #bfd ,fauconb]g1 ,sir ,wm43 ,arms1 #bjc ,fea!rs1 9 ,h]aldry1 #abj4 ,see ,o/ri* ,fea!rs ,fees1 = ,grants ( ,arms1 c41 #cjh1 #caj ,felbrigge1 ,sir ,s4 de1 ,k4,g41 #aba ,felbrigg1 ,brass at1 #aba ,femme1 #abj ,f5wick1 ,john3 ,arms1 #dd ,f]-de-,mol9e1 or ,mill r9d1 #abj ,f]mail1 ,f]maux1 #aba ,f]r]s1 ,de3 ,arms1 #ahe2 ,anne1 de1 #ahe2 ,m>g>et1 de1 #agj2 ,william1 ,"l1 ( ,groby1 #ahe2 ,"l1 ( ,*>tley1 #bae ,fess or ,fesse1 #ej1 #aba2 ,examples1 #bja ,fesse-,po9t1 #cc1 #aba ,fesse-wise1 ,9 ,fesse1 #ea1 #aba ,fessways1 #aje ,fett]-lock1 #aba ,feudal ,alliance & ,dep5d5cy1 ,h]aldic ,record (1 #aei1 #aid ,feudal ,influ5ce1 9 ,h]aldry1 #bja ,feudal ,t5ure1 #bgd ,field1 #ch1 #aba2 ,v>i$ ,fields1 #db2 ,( ! ,field1 #dc ,fife1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,du*ess (1 #bga ,file1 #aba ,fillet1 #aba ,fimbriation1 ,fimbriat$1 #ed1 #aba ,f9n$1 #hb ,fi%1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gg1 #hb1 #ajc1 #aba ,fi%b\rne1 ,giles de3 ,arms1 #gh ,fit*$1 #eg ,fit*ee1 #eh1 #aba ,fitton3 ,motto1 #ach ,fitz ,alan1 ( ,b$ale1 #eb ,fitz ,alan1 ,e>l ( ,arundel1 #hc1 #hi1 #aah1 #bae ,fitz ,p>nel1 ,e>l ,rob]t1 #aie ,fitz ,payne1 ,sir ,r4 le3 ,arms1 #bjd ,fitz ,ralph3 ,arms1 #aif ,fitz ,walt]1 ,rob]t ,le3 ,arms1 #ea ,fitz ,w>9e1 ,fitz ,w>yn3 ,arms1 #ad2 ,sir ,fulk de1 #ahf ,fitz ,urse3 ,arms1 #gf ,flags1 #beg2 ,milit>y1 #bef1 #beg2 ,f\r rem>ks ^u1 #beg ,flan*es1 ,flasques1 #fh1 #fi1 #abb ,flan*$1 #aia ,fleur de ,lys1 #abb2 qu>t]$ by ,edw>d ,,iii1 #abd2 ,remov$ f ,royal ,%ield ( ,engl&1 #bfb2 9 ,mod]n ,cad5cy1 #aic ,fleurie1 or ,fleury1 #ef1 #abe ,fleurette1 ,florette1 #ef1 #abe ,flex$1 #abe ,flight$1 #ajb1 #abe ,flodd5 ,field1 #bje ,fly1 #abe ,flory-c\nt]-flory1 #ce ,foliat$1 #abe ,=me1 #eg ,=neus1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #fb ,=?1 ,visc\nt3 ,seal1 #bdd ,f\nta91 #gb1 #abe ,f\r*e1 ,queue ,f\r*e1 #ee1 #hf1 #abe ,fraise1 #aic ,france ,anci5t1 #abb1 #abd2 ,france ,mod]n1 #abb1 #abe2 ,bordure ( ,france1 #abd2 ,label ( ,france1 #abc2 ,imp]ial ,eagle (1 #ii ,fras]1 ,wm43 ,seal1 #aic ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 ,emp]or3 ,arms1 #ib ,fr]e3 ,arms1 #eh ,fret1 ,frette1 ,frette1 ,fretty1 #fd1 #ga1 #abe1 #acc ,froiss>t1 #bdh1 #bgc ,fruct$1 #hb1 #abe ,furs1 #dj1 #db1 #abe ,furnival1 ,de3 ,arms1 #ahb1 #bjc ,fusil1 ,fusille1 ,fusily1 #gj1 #abe ,fylfot1 #abe ,fynd]ne1 ,wm41 #aef ,gad1 ,gadlyng1 #abe ,galley1 #abe ,gambe4 ,see ,jambe ,g>b1 #abe1 #aie1 #bja ,g>ni%$1 #abe ,g>t]1 ,ord] ( !1 #abe1 #bgf2 ,insignia ( !1 #abe1 #bgh2 ,/alls & ,g>t] ,plates ( ,knights1 #bgh2 ,(fic]s1 #bgh ,g>t] ,k+-(-,arms1 #abf1 #acj2 ,arms1 #aca ,gave/on1 ,pi]s3 ,arms1 #ie ,gemelles4 ,see ,b>s ,gemelles ,gem-,r+1 #abf ,g5ealogies1 #cjj ,g5et1 #abf ,ge(frey1 ,c\nt ( ,anj\1 #ahh ,george1 ,sa9t3 ,arms1 #ai1 #abf1 #bec2 ,*apel (1 #ajc ,george1 ,!1 ( ! ,g>t]1 #abf1 #bgh2 ,! ,less]1 #abf1 #bgh ,george ,i43 ,arms1 #bfc ,george ,,ii43 ,arms1 #bfc ,george ,,iii43 ,arms1 #bfc ,george ,,iv43 ,arms1 #bfc ,g]attyng1 #abf ,g]man ,empress1 #bga ,g]many1 ! ,emp]or (3 ,arms1 #ib ,g]many1 ! ,k+ (3 ,arms1 #ib ,geytone1 ,sir ,j4 de3 ,arms1 #bja2 ,sir ,p4 de1 #bjb ,gh5t1 ,pr9ce ,john (1 #agi1 #ahi1 #bcb1 #bce1 #bda ,giff>d3 ,arms1 #aeb ,giff>d1 ,sir ,a41 #gb2 ,sir ,j41 #hi1 #bjd ,gimmel-,r+1 #abf ,girt1 ,girdl$1 #abf ,glid+1 #hb ,gloss>y ( ,h]aldry1 ,! ,ox=d1 #ca ,gloss>y ( ,titles1 ,names1 & ,t]ms1 #ajj ,gl\ce/]1 ,alianore1 ,du*ess (1 #cbc4 ,see ,de ,bohun ,gl\ce/]1 ,humphrey1 ,duke (1 #aha1 #bcf1 #cbc2 ,?omas1 ,duke (1 #bcb1 #bce1 #cbb ,gl\ce/]1 ,?omas le ,desp5c]1 ,e>l (1 #aga ,gl\ce/]1 ,ralph de ,mon!rm]1 ,e>l (1 #ie ,gl\ce/] ,ca!dral1 ,tiles at1 #cbc ,gold1 #db1 #dg ,golpe1 #gb ,gonfannon1 #abf ,gorg$1 #abg ,gorges1 ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #abg ,go?ic ,ar*itecture1 ,h]aldry 91 #cba ,go?ic ,art1 its ,h]aldic ,"*1 #cbe ,go?ic ,monum5ts1 ,h]aldry (1 #cbb ,g\gh1 ,"l3 ,arms1 #bc ,g\tte1 ,gutte1 #abg ,grafton1 ,duke (3 ,support]s1 #ia2 ,diff]5ces1 #aia ,graham1 ,rob]t3 ,seal1 #bdb ,gr& ,qu>t]+1 ,gr& ,qu>t]s1 #ce1 #abg1 #aff ,gr&ison3 ,arms1 #e1 #if1 #ahd ,gr&ison1 ,bi%op ,john de1 #ahd ,grants ( ,arms1 #cjh2 ,example1 #cji ,great ,malv]n1 ,tiles at1 #cbc ,great ,y>m\?3 ,arms1 #afh ,greek ,cross1 #ee ,gre5l&3 ,arms1 #bfi ,greville1 ,e>l (1 #bjh ,grey3 ,arms1 #eb2 ,cre/ ( ,sir ,ri*>d de ,grey1 ,k4,g41 #bae ,grieces1 #abg ,griff94 ,see ,gryphon ,grosv5or3 ,arms1 #aie2 ,sir ,r4 de1 #eh1 #bjj ,gryphon1 ,griff91 #gi1 #hj ,gu>dant1 #he1 #abg ,guide to ! ,/udy ( ,h]aldry1 by ,mr4 ,montagu1 #b1 #i1 #aia ,guige1 #abg ,gules1 #da1 #dh1 #abg ,gurges1 ,gorges1 #abg ,gyron1 ,gyronne1 ,gyronny1 #cd1 #fd1 #gj1 #abg ,habit$1 #abg ,ha9ault1 ! ,c\nts (3 ,arms1 #hc ,ha9ault1 ,que5 ,philippa (1 #bcj1 #bcb ,hames1 ,haimes1 #abg ,hamilton1 ,cre/1 #aej1 #bac ,hamilton1 ,duke (1 #aej ,hamilton1 ,sir ,gilb]t de1 #aej ,hamm]1 or m>tel1 #abg ,hanov]1 #bfc2 ,arms1 #bfb ,h>c\rt1 ,sir ,r43 ,arms1 #bag2 ,h>ec\rt1 or ,h>c\rt3 ,arms1 #ea1 #ahb ,h>d+e1 ,visc\nt3 ,support]s1 #ib ,h>dwick1 ,e>l (3 ,support]s1 #ib ,h>p1 #abg ,h>ris3 ,arms1 #gf ,h>+ton ,knot1 #acc ,h>syck1 ,sir ,j43 ,cre/1 #baf ,h>t1 #ha1 #aaf1 #abg ,ha/ilude1 #abh ,ha/+s1 ! ,e>l1 #aif2 ,edmund de1 #aif2 ,edw>d1 ,"l1 #acc2 ,sir ,hugh1 #baf ,ha/+s3 ,arms1 #acf2 ,cre/1 #baf ,hat*m5t1 #abh ,hatfield1 ,?omas1 #bae ,hauriant1 #hb1 #abh ,hautville1 ,sir ,g4 de3 ,arms1 #bjc ,hawk's ,bells1 ,jesses1 & ,lure1 #aje1 #abh ,hay3 ,arms1 #ff1 #aai ,head=t1 ! ,m>quess (3 ,support]s1 #ib ,h$ge-hog1 #gf ,height5$1 #abh ,heights1 #abh ,heiress1 ,arms (1 #agj ,hel5a1 ,h4,r4,h41 ! ,pr9cess1 ,pr9cess ,*ri/ian1 #bga ,helm1 ,helmet1 #abh1 #agd ,hem5hale3 ,arms1 #ea ,hempbrake1 ,hackle1 #acj ,h5eage ,knot1 #acj1 #acc ,h5ry ,i43 ,arms1 #hh1 #bfj2 ,badge1 #bbh ,h5ry ,,ii43 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,badges1 #bbh ,h5ry ,,iii43 ,arms1 #bei2 ,badge1 #bbh2 ,rolls ( ,arms ( 8 ,era1 #ac ,h5ry ,,iv43 ,label1 z ,duke ( ,lanca/]1 #aha2 ,motto1 #aaj1 #bce2 ,arms1 #bei2 qu>t]s ,france ,mod]n1 #abe2 ,badges1 #bbh2 ,cr[n1 #bff2 ,seal1 #bce ,h5ry ,v43 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,badges1 #aec1 #bbh2 ,cr[n1 #aad1 #bff ,h5ry ,,vi43 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,badges1 #bbi2 ,support]s1 #ia1 #bbh1 #bfd2 ,cr[n1 #aad1 #bff2 ,motto1 #bfe ,h5ry ,,vii43 #abf1 #bgi2 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,badges1 #bbi2 ,support]s1 #bfd ,h5ry ,,viii43 #abf1 #aia1 #bjg1 #bgi1 #bie2 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,badges1 #bbi2 ,support]s1 #bfd2 ,co9s1 #cag ,h5ry1 #crd ,e>l ( ,lanca/]1 #aha ,h]ald & ,g5ealogi/1 #cjb ,h]alds ( ,engl&1 ,incorporat$1 #cjd ,h]ald1 #acj1 #bab ,h]aldic ,sails1 #bej ,h]alds' ,college1 #acj1 #cjd ,h]aldry1 ,e>ly ,love1 ( 9 ,engl&1 #b2 ,e>ly ,influ5ce1 #b2 ,def9ition & ,true ,"* (1 #c2 ( ! twelf? c5tury1 #d2 ,utility (1 #d2 ,engli% ,m$ival1 #e2 ,anci5t1 #f1 #i2 ,engli%1 its ,c>e]1 #i2 ,e>ly ,engli% ,lit]ature (1 #ab2 its ,allusive ,"*1 #ae2 ,cant+1 #af2 ,revival 9 ,engl&1 #bj1 #bd1 #cjf2 ,debasem5t1 #ba1 #bb2 a ,sci5ce1 #bd1 #bg1 #cj1 #cbf2 an ,art1 #bd1 #bg1 #cbf2 ,/yle ( ,art 91 #bd1 #cj2 ,treatm5t ( ,animate ,creatures 91 #bd1 #bg2 ,language (1 #bi2 ,nom5clature1 #bi2 ,/yle & ,=ms ( ,expression1 #cj2 ,birds 91 #gf2 ,bea/s 91 #gf2 ,human ,be+s 91 #gc2 ! ,lion 91 #hc1 #hf2 ! ,eagle 91 #i1 #ia2 ,scotti%1 #aca2 ( ,monum5ts1 #cbb2 ,royal1 #beh2 ( ! ,co9age1 #caf2 its pres5t ,popul>ity1 #cjd2 9 ,ar*itecture1 #cba2 ( ,illum9ations1 #cbd2 9 ,inlaid ,tiles1 #cbc2 ( ,co/ume1 #cbd ,h]aldry ( ,fi%1 by ,mr4 ,m\le1 #gg1 #aba ,h]e=d1 ,de ,bohuns1 ,e>ls (1 #ei2 ,elizabe?1 ,c\ntess (1 #afa ,h]e=d ,ca!dral1 #bad ,h]ison1 ,h]rison1 #gf1 #aca ,h]iz1 ,de 7,h>ris73 ,arms1 #gf ,h]on3 ,arms1 #ag ,h]r+1 #gg ,h]s*el1 ,sir ,j43 ,arms1 #bc ,heytesbury & ,homet1 ,"l1 #bbe ,heytesbury1 ! ,b>on3 ,support]s1 #ii ,hill1 ,hillock1 #aca ,h9d1 #ha1 #aaf ,hirondelle1 #gg1 #acb ,h(tot1 ,sir ,r4 de1 #bjb ,hoi/1 #acb ,holl&1 ,c\nts (1 #hc2 ,elizabe?1 ,c\ntess (1 #afa ,holl&s1 ( ,exet]1 #aha1 #bjf2 ( ,k5t & ,surrey1 #aha1 #bjf ,holl&1 ,john1 ,e>l ( ,hunt+don3 ,seal1 #beh ,hol/e93 ,arms1 #bfi ,hon\r1 ,augm5tations (1 #bjd ,hon\r-,po9t1 #cc1 #acb ,hon\rs1 ,regim5tal1 #bef ,hon\rable ,insignia1 ,m$als1 & ,clasps1 #age ,ho($1 #hj ,hospitall]s4 ,see ,/4 ,john1 ,knights ( ,hotspur1 ,h5ry1 #afi ,h[>d3 ,arms1 #bje2 ,augm5tation1 #bje2 ,cre/1 #ia1 #baf2 ,badge1 #bbd ,h[>d1 ,?os41 ,duke ( ,norfolk1 #bje ,human ,be+s1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gc ,humette1 #ed1 #acb ,humphrey1 ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 #aha1 #bcf1 #cbb ,hung]=d1 #bbe2 ,badge1 #bbd ,hung]=d1 ,"l1 #bdj2 ,sir ,walt] de1 #bbe1 #bdg2 ,sir ,rob]t de1 #bbe1 #bdi ,hunt+field1 ,rog] de3 ,arms1 #gb ,hunt]cumbe3 ,arms1 #eb ,huntley1 ! ,m>quess (1 #fh ,hur/1 #acb ,hurt1 #gb1 #acb ,husb& & ,wife1 ,m>%all+ _! ,arms1 #afg1 #aga ,hussy3 ,arms1 #bbe ,icel&3 ,arms1 #bfi ,illegitimacy1 ,cad5cy (1 #acb1 #ahg ,illum9ations1 ,h]aldry (1 #cbc ,imag9>y ,be+s1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gi ,imbru$1 ,embu$1 #acb ,impalem5t1 ,impal$1 #acb1 #afh1 #bdi2 ( ! ,bordure & ,tressure1 #agj ,impal+1 #aha ,imp]ial ,cr[n1 !1 #aad1 #bfd2 ,imp]ially ,cr[n$1 #acb ,imp]ial ,s]vice ,ord]1 #bib ,inc5s$1 ,inflam$1 #acb ,9 ,b5d1 #ei1 #acb ,9 ,*evron1 #fb1 #acb ,9 ,*ief1 #ej1 #acb ,9 ,complem5t1 #hj ,9 ,cross1 #ee1 #acb ,9 ,fesse1 #ea1 #acb ,9 ,foliage1 #hb1 #acb ,9 ,full ,c\rse1 #ha ,9 ,lure1 #ha1 #acb ,9 ,orle1 #ff ,9 ,pale1 #ed ,9 ,po9t1 #fc ,9 h] ,piety1 #ha1 #acb ,9 ,pret5ce1 #acb ,9 ,pride1 #ha1 #acb ,9 ,quadrangle1 #acb ,9 ,saltire1 #fa ,9 ,spl5d\r1 #hj1 #acb ,incresc5t1 #hj1 #acb ,ind5t$1 #ce1 #acb ,indian ,empire1 ,ord] (1 #bij ,inescut*eon1 #fe1 #acb ,infantry ,col\rs1 #bef ,innes1 ,walt]3 ,seal1 #aa ,innes1 or ,de ,ynays1 ,wm43 ,seal1 #aa ,insects1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gi1 #hb ,invect$1 or ,inveck$1 #ce ,inv]t$1 #ha ,irel&3 ,badge1 #aea1 #bbh2 ,h]aldry (1 #cjh2 ,*ief ,h]ald (1 #aca ,irel&1 ,bordures1 #aia ,irel&1 ,de ,v]e1 ,duke (1 #bjf ,irradiat$1 #acb ,isabel1 ( ,france3 ,seal1 #abd1 #afa ,isabel1 ,c\ntess ( ,b$=d1 #bbc ,isabel le ,desp5s]1 #aga ,isle ( ,man3 ,arms1 #i1 #gd ,islip1 ,abbot3 ,rebus1 #adg ,issuant1 #acb ,,jambe1 ,gambe1 #hg1 #acb ,james ,i4 ( ,scotl&3 ,badge1 #bbi2 ,support]s1 #bfd ,james ,,iv4 ( ,scotl&3 at ,flodd51 #bje2 ,support]s1 #bfe ,james ,v4 ( ,scotl&3 ,cre/ & ,motto1 #bfd2 ,g>t] ,plate1 #fh ,james ,,vi4 ( ,scotl&--,james ,i4 ( ,great ,brita93 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,support]s1 #ia1 #bfe2 ,badges & ,motto1 #aed1 #bbi1 #bfe2 creates ,b>onets1 #ajd2 8 proclamation = fir/ ,union ,jack1 #bec ,james ,,ii43 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,support]s1 #bfd2 ,badge1 #bbi2 frames ,/atutes = ,ord] ( ,?i/le1 #bhj ,james3 ,motto1 #ach ,jane ,seym\r1 ,que51 #bbi ,j>d9e3 ,arms1 #aih ,jeff]ay3 ,motto1 #ach ,jellop$1 #acc ,j]usalem3 ,arms1 #dc ,jessant1 ,jessant de lys1 #acc ,jesses1 #acc ,jewell]y1 ,h]aldic1 #cbd ,joan1 ,daught] ( ,edw>d ,i41 #ie ,joan1 ,c\ntess ( ,surrey3 ,seal1 #afb ,joanna1 ( ,nav>re1 ,que53 ,badge1 #abf1 #bbh ,john1 ,k+3 8 ,seal z ,pr9ce1 #hh2 ,arms1 #bei2 ,badge1 #bbh ,john1 ,pr9ce1 ( ,el?am1 #bf1 #abd1 #afe1 #aha1 #bej ,john1 ,pr9ce ( ,gh5t1 #agi1 #ahi1 #bcb1 #bda ,john de ,dreux1 #afc1 #afe ,john1 ,duke ( ,b$=d1 #aha ,john de ,w>r5ne1 ,e>l ( ,surrey1 #afb ,john/on3 ,arms1 #aih ,j\/1 #acc ,j[lopp$1 or ,jellop$1 #acc ,jupon1 #acc ,juxon1 ,ar*bi%op1 #bgi ,,kais>-,i-,,h9d m$al1 #bid ,k5t1 ,de ,burgh1 ,e>l (1 #gj2 ,holl&s1 ,e>ls (1 #aha ,key1 #acc ,,k+1 ,h4,m4 ,,!3 ,cr[n1 #aad1 #bff2 ,arms1 #bfc1 #bfg2 ,bann]1 #beb ,k+ ,mak]1 !1 #aih1 #bjh ,k+1 ,mr43 8 ,h&-book ( ,engrav$ ,gems1 #f ,k+-(-,arms1 #acj1 #acc1 #agg4 ,see ,h]ald ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 ,cambridge1 ,h]aldry (1 #be1 #cbb ,k+'s ,col\r1 #beg ,k+'s ,langley1 ,monum5t at1 #cbc ,k9n\l1 ,e>l (1 #aed1 #cjg ,kirketot1 ,sir ,wm41 #bjb ,kirkpatrick3 ,arms1 #aih ,kirton1 ,abbot3 ,rebus1 #adg ,knights1 ,knigh?ood1 ,knightly ,ord]s1 #aag1 #acc1 #age1 #bgc ,knights ( ,/4 ,john1 #eg1 #bge2 ,templ>s1 #ac1 #bge ,knot1 #acc1 #bbd ,kyrkeby3 ,arms1 #fe ,,label1 or ,file1 #acd1 #agh2 ,=ms (1 #acd2 ,po9ts (1 #acd1 #agh2 ,diff]5c$1 #agi1 #ahj2 a ,royal ,diff]5ce1 #agh2 z borne by ,pr9ces ,royal1 #agh2 by ,black ,pr9ce1 #agh2 by ,pr9ces ( ,wales1 #agh2 ( ,brittany1 #agi2 ( ,france1 #agi2 ( ,lanca/]1 #agi1 #ahj2 ( ,york1 #agi2 borne z a ,badge1 #aic2 9 ,mod]n ,cad5cy1 #aic ,laci1 ,lacy1 ,de3 ,arms1 #hc1 #hi1 #afa ,laci1 ,e>l ,h5ry de3 ,cre/1 #baj ,lacy ,knot1 #acd ,ladies1 ,unm>ri$3 _! ,arms1 #agc ,ladies'1 ,h]aldic ,co/ume1 #afj1 #afa1 #cbd2 _! "r to be> ,badges1 #bbg ,la+1 ,mr4 ,h41 8 ,catalogue ( ,scotti% ,seals1 #aa1 #afa1 #aic1 #baa1 #bbd1 #bci1 #bdb1 #bfe1 #cag ,lamb1 #gf ,lamb]t3 ,arms1 #gf ,lambrequ91 #ace4 ,see ,mantl+ ,lambton3 ,arms1 #gf ,lanca/]1 ,label (1 #agi2 ,rose (1 #adi1 #bbh2 ,badge (1 #aec2 ,liv]y ,col\rs (1 #ace2 ,coll> (1 #aaj ,lanca/]1 ,edmund1 ,e>l (1 #abc1 #agi1 #aha1 #cbc2 ,h5ry1 ,e>l (1 #ahc1 #bci2 ,?omas1 ,e>l (1 #baa2 ,john ( ,gh5t1 ,duke (1 #agi 7see ,john ( ,gh5t72 ,matilda (1 #afc1 #ahf ,lanca/] ,h]ald1 #acj ,lance-,re/4 ,see ,cl>ion ,lane1 ,jane1 #bje ,language ( ,h]aldry1 #bi1 #cj ,langu$1 #hj1 #ace ,latim]1 ,george1 ,"l1 #ahg2 ,william le1 #adb1 #bad ,lat9 ,cross1 #ee ,law & ,practice ( ,h]aldry 9 ,scotl&1 by ,mr4 ,seton1 #i1 #fh1 #id1 #aih1 #bfj1 #cjg ,law ( ,t9ctures1 #dc ,leaves 9 ,h]aldry1 #ajb1 #ace ,lee*=d1 ,sir ,r43 ,confirmation ( ,arms to1 #cab ,legh1 ,g]>d1 #bb ,leice/]1 ,bann] (1 #ad ,leice/]1 ,rob]t1 ,e>l (1 #aie ,leice/]%ire ,families1 _! ,arms1 #aif ,l5nox1 ,c\ntess (3 ,arms1 #fh1 #cbc ,leon3 ,arms1 #hc1 #aff4 ,see ,ca/ile ,leop>d1 ,leop>d1 #hd1 #ace1 #beh ,l',erc$eckne3 ,arms1 #aif ,leslie3 ,arms1 #id2 ,euphemia1 ,c\ntess ( ,ros1 #id ,less] ,george1 !1 #abf ,le ,/range4 ,see ,/range ,lett]s ( ! ,alphabet1 9 ,h]aldry1 #ace ,leveson3 ,arms1 #ag1 #ajb ,leyb\rne1 ,sir ,w4 de3 ,arms1 #ij ,li*field1 ,j\/ at1 #bbc ,l9coln1 ,e>ls (3 ,arms1 #hi1 #afa1 #bjc ,l9coln1 ,h5ry1 ,e>l (3 ,cre/1 #baj ,l9coln & ,pembroke1 ,m>g>et1 ,c\ntess (1 #afa ,l9dsay1 ,sir ,w43 ,seal1 #bdb ,l9e1 ,bord] ,l9e1 ,l9$1 #ace ,lion 9 ,h]aldry1 #be1 #bg1 #gf1 #hc1 #hg1 #ace2 ,h]aldic ,treatm5t (1 #bc1 #ib2 ( ,engl&1 #hh1 #beh2 ( ,scotl&1 #fg1 #bei2 z a ,cre/1 #ij2 z a ,support]1 #ij1 #ia1 #bfd2 ,p]cy ,lion1 #baf2 ,h[>d ,lion1 #baf2 ,examples ( ,lions1 #bjc ,lion's ,face1 #hg2 ,head1 #hg2 ,jambe1 #hg ,lioncel1 #hg1 #ace ,lion-leop>d1 ,lion-leop>d1 #he ,lionel1 ,pr9ce1 ( ,cl>5ce1 #afd1 #ahj ,lisle1 ,ar?ur1 ,visc\nt1 #aij ,little ,ea/on1 ,brass at1 #aaj1 #baf ,liv]y1 ,badges depict$ on1 #bbj ,liv]y ,col\rs1 #ace ,lodg$1 #hj1 #ace ,lomelye1 ,lumley1 ,sir ,r43 ,arms1 #bjb ,london1 ,city (3 ,arms1 #aec ,longespe1 ,william1 ,e>l ( ,salisbury1 #hc1 #ij1 #ahh1 #cbc ,"l ,lyon1 #aca1 #bch1 #cjg ,lorn3 ,arms1 #ace ,lorra9e3 ,arms1 #ig2 ,du*y (1 #if ,lot]el1 ,lut]ell3 ,arms1 #gf1 #ahb1 #aif1 #bab ,lot]el1 ,lut]ell1 ,sir ,a41 #ahb2 ,sir ,g41 #ahb1 #bab ,l\is ,,vii41 ( ,france1 #abb ,l\ise1 ,h4,r4,h41 ,! ,pr9cess1 #bga ,l\tre1 #gf ,l\va9e3 ,arms1 #afg ,l[]1 ,mr4 ,m4 ,a41 #i1 #cjb2 on ,cre/s1 #bbb ,loz5ge1 #cg1 #fi1 #ace ,loz5gy1 #ace ,luce1 or ,lucy1 #ag1 #gg1 #ace ,lucy3 ,arms1 #ag1 #agj2 ,sir ,an?ony1 #gh2 ,ge(frey de1 #gh ,ludl[ ,*ur*1 #bca ,lull+/one1 #adg ,lun5burgh3 ,arms1 #bfb1 #bgh ,lure1 #ha1 #ace ,lut]ell4 ,see ,lot]el ,lyh>t1 ,bi%op ,walt]3 ,rebus1 #adg ,lymphad1 #ace ,lyon ,(fice1 #aca1 #cjg2 ,depute1 #cjg ,,mahon1 ,sir ,w43 ,motto1 #bdd ,ma9t5ance1 ,cap (1 #acf ,malet1 ,sir ,r41 #bjb2 ,sir ,t41 #bjb ,malmesbury1 ,e>l (3 ,support]s1 #ii ,maltese ,cross1 #eg ,man1 ,isle (1 #i1 #gd ,man*e1 ,maun*e1 #acf ,m&eville1 ,ge(frey de1 #ae ,manfee1 ,sir ,w43 ,arms1 #bjc ,mantle1 #acf ,mantl+1 ,badges depict$ on1 #bbj ,mantl+1 or ,lambrequ91 #acf1 #age1 #bac2 ,m>k$ = ,cad5cy1 #aib ,m>*1 ,mortim]s1 ,e>ls (3 ,seals1 #bdb ,m>g>et1 ( ,anj\1 ,que51 #ig2 ( ,france1 #abc1 #afj1 #afh2 ,bruce1 #afa2 ,beau=t1 #afi2 ,tudor1 #agj2 ,c\ntess ( ,l9coln1 #afa2 de ,f]r]s1 #agj ,m>ks ( ,cad5cy1 ,m>k+ ,cad5cy4 ,see ,cad5cy ,m>lbor\gh1 ,duke (1 #ie1 #ih ,m>mion1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,cre/1 #bae ,m>ny1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,seal1 #bac ,m>quess1 ,m>quis1 ,m>*ioness1 #acf ,m>riage1 ,h]aldic ,record (1 #afh ,m>%all+1 #acg1 #aei2 by ,comb9ation1 #afe2 by ,qu>t]+1 #aff2 ,qu>t]$ ,coats1 #afg2 ,arms ( ,husb& & ,wife1 #afg1 #aga2 ,cre/s1 #agd2 ,helms1 ,coronets1 ,mantl+s1 ,mottoes1 ,support]s1 ,badges1 & ,v>i\s ,insignia1 #agd1 #age ,m>tel1 #ag1 #acg ,m>tlet1 #gg1 #acg2 9 ,mod]n ,cad5cy1 #aic ,m>t93 ,cre/ & ,motto1 #aci ,m>y ,tudor1 ,que53 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,support]s1 #bfd2 ,badges1 #bbi2 grants ,d]by ,h\se to ! ,h]alds1 #acj ,m>y ,/u>t1 ,que53 ,arms1 #bfj ,m>y ,/u>t1 ,que5 ( ,scots3 h] ,signet1 #bfe2 ,h]aldry ( h] ,monum5t1 #bha ,m>y1 ,! ,pr9cess1 ( ,teck1 #bgj ,m>y de ,sa9t ,paul3 ,seal1 #afc ,mascle1 ,mascule1 #fi1 #acg ,mason$1 #acg ,matilda de ,*awor?1 #afd2 ( ,lanca/]1 #afc ,maufee1 ,sir ,wm41 #bjb ,mel=t1 ,e>l3 ,seal1 #bdd ,memb]$1 #acg ,m5tei?1 ,e>l (1 #id ,m]*ant's ,m>k1 #acg ,m]cy1 ,ord] (1 #bic ,m]e1 ,de la4 ,see ,delam]e ,m]e1 ,de la3 ,arms1 #eb ,m]evale1 ,brass at1 #bae ,m]it1 ,ord] (1 #bhf ,m]maid1 ,m]man1 or ,triton1 #acg ,metals1 #dj1 #db1 #ach ,me?u51 ! ,b>on1 #ie ,milit>y ,flags1 #beg ,mill-r9d4 ,see ,f]-de-,mol9e ,miscellanea ,g5ealogica et ,h]aldica1 #cjb ,mitre1 #ach ,mol9e1 #ef1 #ach ,mol9es1 ,molyneux1 ,de3 ,arms1 #ef ,moneca/re1 ,sir ,w4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,monson1 ! ,b>on3 ,support]s1 #ib ,montacute1 ,de1 ,montagu3 ,orig9 ( ! ,"n1 #af2 ,arms1 #gj1 #ie ,montagu1 ,mr41 8 "w on ,h]aldry1 #b1 #i1 #aif ,mont=t1 ,de3 ,arms1 #fj2 ,sir ---- de1 #bjc ,montgom]ie1 ,sir ,w4 de1 #if ,montgom]ie1 ,e>l ( ,egl9t\n3 ,arms1 #aj ,mon!rm]1 ,sir ,ralph de1 #ie1 #ii ,moon1 !1 #hj1 #ach ,moor's heads1 #gc ,monyp5y1 ,?omas3 ,seal1 #cai ,mortim]1 ,de3 ,orig9 ( ! ,"n1 #af2 ,arms1 #fe1 #afi2 ,diff]5ces1 #ahb2 ,cre/1 #ada ,mortim]1 ,edmund de1 ,e>l ( ,m>*3 ,seal1 #bdb ,mortim]'s1 #fe ,motto1 #ach1 #agd1 #bai2 ,royal1 #bai ,m\le1 ,mr41 8 ,h]aldry ( ,fi%1 #gg1 #aba ,m\nd1 #aci ,m\npynzon3 ,arms1 #gf ,m\nt1 #aci ,m\nt5ey1 ,de3 ,arms1 #aig2 ,sir ,e4 de1 #aig2 ,sir ,j4 de1 #aig2 ,sir ,t4 de1 #aig ,m[bray1 ,segrave & ,/\rton1 ,"l1 #hi1 #cbi ,m[bray1 ,sir ,j41 #bjc2 ,rog] de1 #hi2 ,support]s ( ,b>on1 #ib2 ,?omas de1 ,duke ( ,norfolk1 #bjg1 #baf1 #bcc ,mullet1 #aci2 9 ,mod]n ,cad5cy1 #aic ,mundegumri1 ,john3 ,seal1 #aj ,mural ,cr[n1 #aci ,muralle1 ,wall$4 ,see ,wall$ ,mure1 ,wm43 ,seal1 #cai ,murrey1 #ace ,mus*amp3 ,arms1 #gi ,naiant1 #hb1 #adj ,naissant1 #adj ,names1 #ca ,nassau3 ,arms1 #bfa ,natural ,objects1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gi ,naval ,cr[n1 #adj ,nav>re3 ,arms1 #abd1 #bbh ,nav]et1 ,battle (1 #bdh ,nebule1 or ,nubuly1 #cd1 #adj ,nelson1 ,admiral ,"l3 ,arms1 #bc ,neville3 ,arms1 #fa2 ,diff]5ces1 #ahg2 ,badge1 #adf ,neville1 ,george de1 ,"l ,latim]1 #ahg ,neville1 ,e>l ,ri*>d de1 #aih1 #bjh1 #bbb ,newburgh3 ,arms1 #cbj1 #cba ,ni*olas1 ,sir ,n4 ,h>ris1 #i2 on ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge1 #bcj2 on ,union ,jack1 #bec ,ni*ols1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g\gh1 #i1 #ae1 #cjb ,nimbus1 #adj ,nom5clature1 ,h]aldic1 #bi ,norfolk1 ! ,duke (1 #aca2 ,arms1 #bje2 qu>t]s ,m[bray1 #hi2 ,support]s1 #ia2 ,cre/1 #baf2 ,e>l ,m>%al1 #aca ,norfolk1 ,?omas ,m[bray1 ,duke (1 #bcc ,normans1 _! ,%ields & ,/&>ds1 #e ,norroy1 #acj4 ,see ,h]ald ,nor?leigh1 #cbc ,nor?umb]l&1 ,e>ls (3 ,arms1 #gh1 #hi1 #bdg ,nor?umb]l&1 ,h5ry1 #a/ ,e>l (1 #afg2 ! ,duke (1 #ia ,nortone1 ,sir ,j4 de3 ,arms1 #bjc ,norway3 ,arms1 #hc ,norway1 ,h4,m41 ,que5 (1 #bga ,norwi*3 ,arms ( ! ,see1 #ahe2 ,h5ry1 ,bi%op (1 #ahe ,nova ,scotia1 ,badge4 ,see ,b>onet ,n[$1 #hb1 #adj ,oct(oil1 9 ,mod]n ,cad5cy1 #aic ,(ficial ,insignia1 #age2 9 ,cad5cy1 #ahd ,(ficial ,arms1 #agd ,ogress1 #gb1 #adj ,old5burgh3 ,arms1 #bfi ,oldham1 ,bi%op3 ,rebus1 #adg ,onsl[3 ,motto1 #ach ,op9ions1 #adj ,oppress$1 ,debruis$1 #adj ,or1 #dj1 #adj ,ord]s ( ,knigh?ood4 ,see ,knigh?ood ,ord] ( ,m]it1 #bhf ,ord9>ies1 #db1 #di2 _! /ructural ,orig91 #ad1 #fd ,ord9>y ( ,arms1 #adj4 ,see ,armory ,oreill]1 #adj ,orle1 ,9 ,orle1 #ff1 #adj ,ornam5ts1 #bji1 #baj ,osbaldi/one1 ,frank1 #a ,o/revant1 ,comt (1 #bcj ,o/ri* ,fea!r ,badge1 #ada1 #baf1 #bcj ,ott]1 #gf ,ousflet1 ,sir ,g4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,ov]all1 ,sur t\t1 #ada ,ov]t1 #ada ,own]%ip1 ,badges z a sign (1 #ajc ,ox=d1 ,de ,v]es1 ,e>ls (1 #bjf ,oxney1 ,john3 ,rebus1 #adf ,padlock1 ,badge1 #bda ,paignel1 ,john3 ,arms1 #aif ,pa9t$ ,*amb]1 ,we/m9/]1 #bdf ,pale1 ,pale-wise1 ,9 ,pale1 ,paly1 #ec1 #ed1 #ada ,pall1 #ada ,pallet1 #ec1 #ada ,palliot1 ,fr5* ,writ] on ,h]aldry1 #bdd ,paly ,b5dy1 #fj1 #ada ,pana*e1 #ada1 #bac1 #bad ,p>liam5t1 #cbh ,p>r1 ,que5 ,ca!r9e1 #bbi ,p>ty1 ,p>t$1 #cc1 #adb ,passant1 ,passant ,gu>dant1 ,passant ,regu>dant1 ,passant ,repassant1 #he1 #adb ,pa/oral ,/aff1 #adb ,pate1 or ,=me1 #eg1 #adb ,pate%ulle1 ,j4 de3 ,arms1 #ea ,patonce1 #ef1 #adb ,patri>*al1 #ee1 #adb ,paul1 ,sir ,j4 ,balf\r1 #cjg ,pawne1 ,peacock1 #gf ,pea*-,bran*es1 #adg ,pean1 #da1 #adb ,pebm>%1 ,brass at1 #aif ,pe*1 ,sir ,john1 #adg ,p$ro1 ,k+ ( ,ca/ile1 #bdh ,pe]1 #adb ,pe]age1 #adc2 ,privilege (1 #ccj ,pe]age ,dignities1 #cbg ,pe]ess 9 h] own ,"r1 #agc ,pegasus1 #adc1 #bgf ,pelham3 ,arms1 #gf2 ,badge1 #bbd ,pelican1 #gf1 #acb1 #adc ,pellet1 #gb1 #adc ,pembridge1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,cre/1 #bad1 #baf ,pembroke1 ! ,e>l (1 #afc2 ,de ,val5ces1 ,e>ls (1 #eb1 #cbc ,pembroke ,college1 ,cambridge1 #afc ,p5brugge3 ,arms1 #eb ,p5d5t1 #adc ,p5non1 #c1 #adc1 #bdf ,p]1 #cc1 #adc ,p]ceval3 ,motto1 #aci ,p]ci1 ,p]cy3 ,arms1 #gj1 #hc1 #afg2 ,cre/1 #ia1 #baf2 ,badges1 #bbd1 #bda1 #bdf2 ,seals1 #bda ,p]ci1 ,h5ry de1 #gh1 #ahb1 #bjc1 #baj ,p]ci1 ,h5ry de1 #crd ,b>on1 #ahb2 ,agnes de1 #afj ,p]cy ,%r9e1 ,bev]ley ,m9/]1 #bg ,p]cy ,effigy1 at ,bev]ley1 #aei ,pet]bor\gh1 #adg2 ,ca!dral & ,dean]y1 #bca ,petrasancta1 ,silve/] de1 #dj ,petre1 ! ,b>on3 ,support]s1 #ib ,pev]el3 ,badge1 #bbd2 ,ca!r9e1 #bbe ,pev]el ,g>be1 #acc ,peyvre1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #fb1 #bjc ,philip1 ! ,h>dy1 #afj ,philippa1 ,que51 ( ,ha9ault3 ,badge1 #bcj1 #bcb2 ,h]aldry ( h] ,monum5t1 #afi1 #cbb ,pho5ix1 #adc ,pick]+1 ,sir ,t4 de3 ,arms1 #bjd ,pigot3 ,arms1 #ag ,pile1 ,9 ,pile1 #fb1 #adc ,pirep\nd1 ,sir ,r43 ,arms1 #bjd ,plan*e1 ,mr41 #i1 #gd1 #if1 #aie1 #bce ,plantag5et1 ,! ,royal ,h\se (1 #ag1 #ahh2 ,liv]y ,col\rs (1 #ace2 ,ar?ur1 #aij ,planta ,g5i/a1 #ag1 #adc1 #bbg ,plate1 ,plattee1 #gb1 #adc ,pl5itude1 #add ,plume1 #add ,po9ts1 or ,/ops1 9 ,h]aldry1 #df ,po9ts ( a ,%ield1 #cc1 #add2 ,9 ,po9t1 #add ,pole3 ,motto1 #aci ,pomme1 ,pommee1 #ef1 #add ,pon+e1 ,sir ,t4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,pop9jay1 #gf1 #add ,port1 #add ,portcullis1 #add2 ,pursuivant1 #acj ,portl&1 ,duke (3 ,support]s1 #ia ,pot5t1 #da1 #eg1 #add ,p\dree1 ,p[d]$1 #de1 #add ,p\trel1 ,sir ,r43 ,arms1 #bja ,pot5t1 #da ,prei]es1 ,sir ,j4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,prec$5ce1 ,ord] (1 #bie2 9 ! ,royal ,family1 #bii2 ( ,wom51 #bih ,prelates3 ,arms1 #agc ,pret5ce1 ,escut*eon (1 #abj1 #agj1 #cad ,prey+1 #add ,pr9ce1 ,pr9cess1 #add ,pr9ces & ,pr9cesses ( ! ,royal ,family2 ,armorial ,insignia1 #bfi1 #bgj2 ,coronets1 #add ,prop]1 #db1 #ha ,prov5ce3 ,arms1 #ch ,purfl$1 #add ,purpure1 #da1 #dh1 #add ,pursuivant1 #acj1 #add ,pursuivant ( ,arms1 by ,mr4 ,plan*4 ,see ,plan* ,pycot1 ,sir ,b43 ,arms1 #bjb ,quadrate1 #ee1 #ade ,qu>t]1 #fd1 #ade4 ,see ,canton ,qu>t] ,pi]c$1 #ee ,qu>t]+1 #cd1 #ade2 ,simple1 #cd2 ,comp\nd1 #cd1 #afe2 ,gr&1 #afg2 ,m>%all+ by1 #afe2 ! ,bordure & ,tressure1 #agj ,qu>t]+s1 ,qu>t]s1 #cd1 #afe2 ,gr&1 #cd1 #afe ,qu>t]$ ,coats1 ,m>%all+ (1 #afe ,qu>t]ly ,qu>t]$1 #cd1 #ade ,qu>t]ly ,qu>t]+1 #cd1 #adf ,qu>t]ly ,pi]c$1 #ee ,quatrefoil1 #adf ,que5 ,alex&ra1 #bfh1 #bfi ,que5 ,victoria1 #bfc ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d1 #ig ,qu5cy1 ,de3 ,arms1 #ag ,queue ,f\r*e1 #hf1 #abe1 #adf ,quill$1 #adf ,qu9tefueil1 #ag ,radclyffe1 ,radcliffe3 ,arms1 #eh ,radiant1 ,rayone1 #adf ,rad/ock1 ! ,b>on3 ,support]s1 #ii ,ragg$ ,/aff1 #acd1 #adf1 #aih1 #cba ,ragule1 ,raguly1 #cd1 #adf ,ram1 #gf ,rampant1 ,rampant ,gu>dant & ,regu>dant1 #hd1 #he1 #adf ,ramryge1 ,john1 #adg ,ramryge1 ,?omas1 ,abbot ( ,/4 ,albans1 #be1 #gf1 #ig1 #bjd1 #bca1 #cbc ,ramsey3 ,arms1 #gf ,r&olf1 ,sir ,j41 #bjb ,rayonne1 #ce ,ready1 ,mr41 8 ,ca/s ( ,seals1 #cag ,rebus1 #adf1 #bba ,rec]celee1 #ef1 #adg ,r$ ,ensign1 #bee ,ref]5ces to ,au?orities1 #ac ,reflex$1 ,reflect$1 #adg ,regalia1 #aci ,regim5tal ,col\r1 !1 #beg ,regu>dant1 #he1 #adg ,re9-de]1 #ajb1 #adg ,reptiles1 9 ,h]aldry1 #gi ,respect+1 #adg ,re/4 ,see ,cl>ion ,ribbon1 ,rib&1 #eh1 #adg2 ( ! ,g>t]1 #bgi2 ,ba?1 #bhe2 ,?i/le1 #bha2 ,/4 ,patrick1 #bhb2 ,/> ( ,india1 #bhh ,ri*1 ,e>l (1 #bjh ,ri*>d ,i43 ,arms1 #hh1 #bei2 ,cre/1 #bbj2 ,seals1 #hh1 #bji2 ,badges1 #bbh ,ri*>d ,,ii43 ,arms1 #bjf1 #bei2 ,cre/ #ia1 #baf2 ,badges1 #bg1 #baf1 #bbh1 #bcc2 ,roll ( ,arms ( 8 ,era1 #ac ,ri*>d ,,iii43 ,arms1 #bfj2 ,badges1 #bbh2 ,support]s1 #bfd2 incorporates ,h]alds1 #acj1 #cjd ,ri*>d1 ,e>l ( ,cornwall1 & ,k+ ( ! ,romans1 #fh1 #ic ,ri*>d1 ,e>l ( ,w>wick1 #bjh ,ri*mond1 ,h5ry1 ,duke (1 #aij1 #aib ,ri*mond1 ,john de ,dreux1 ,e>l (1 #afe ,ri*mond & ,l5nox1 ,ludovic ,/u>t1 ,duke (1 #aag ,ri*mond ,h]ald1 #acj ,ris+1 ,r\ssant1 #ha1 #adg ,riv]es3 ,arms1 #ea ,rob]t ,,ii4 ( ,scotl&1 #bfd ,robs>t1 ,e>l ,ludovic3 ,monum5t1 #bdj ,rolls ( ,arms1 #ab1 #bi ,romans1 ,ri*>d1 ,k+ ( !1 #fh1 #ic ,rompu1 #adh ,ror+e1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,ros1 de1 ,b>ony1 #cbi ,ross1 ,euphemia1 ,c\ntess (1 #id2 ,m>g41 ,lady de1 #afa2 ! ,e>l (1 #id ,rosamond1 ,fair1 #ij1 #ahh ,rose1 #adh2 en ,soleil1 #adi2 ( ,engl&1 #adi1 #bbh2 ( ,lanca/]1 #adi1 #bbh2 ( ,york1 #adi1 #bbh2 ,badge ( ,edw>d ,i41 #bbh2 9 ,mod]n ,cad5cy1 #aic ,rossel1 ,sir ,g43 ,arms1 #ag1 #bjb ,r\ge ,croix1 ,pursuivant1 #acj ,r\ge ,dragon1 ,pursuivant1 #acj ,r\ndle1 ,r\ndlet1 #ga1 #gb ,r\s1 ,sir ,?omas le1 #bja ,royal ,arms1 #aah ,royal ,badges1 #bbg1 #bbi1 #bfh2 ,bann]s1 #bff2 ,p]sonages1 _! ,arms1 #agd2 ,mottoes1 #bfe2 ,r$ ,cross1 #bid2 ,/&>ds1 #bej1 #bff2 ,support]s1 #bfd ,royal ,family1 junior memb]s (1 #agi ,royal ,liv]y1 #acf ,rue1 ,*aplet (1 #ajh ,rusk91 ,mr41 #cbc ,ru/re1 #fi1 #adi ,sable1 #da1 #dh1 #adi ,saggit>ius1 ,sagitt>y1 #adi1 #beh ,sails1 ,h]aldic1 #bej ,sa9t ,alban1 ,abbey ,*ur* & ,arms (1 #be1 #ge1 #bjd1 #cbb2 ,h]aldic ,tiles at1 #cbd ,sa9t ,albans1 ,duke (1 #aia ,sa9t ,&rew3 ,arms1 #fa2 ,bann]1 #bed ,sa9t ,an?ony3 ,badge1 #aed ,sa9t ,edmund4 ,see ,edmund ,sa9t ,edw>d1 ! ,confessor4 ,see ,edw>d ,sa9t ,george3 ,arms & ,bann]1 #ed1 #bea1 #bec1 #bgi2 ,ensign1 #bef2 ,*apel1 #aga ,sa9t ,john1 ( ,j]usalem1 ,knights (1 #bge1 #bid ,sa9t ,mi*ael & ,sa9t ,george1 ,ord] (1 #bhh ,sa9t ,mi*ael's ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,albans1 #aeg ,sa9t ,patrick3 ,arms & ,bann]1 #fa1 #bfb2 ,ord] (1 #bha ,sa9t ,paul3 ,badge1 #aec ,sa9t ,paul1 ,m>y de1 #afc2 ,guy1 ,c\nt de1 #afc ,sa9t ,v9c5t1 ! ,visc\nt3 ,support]s1 #ii ,sa9t ,waly1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #bjd ,salam&]1 #adi ,sali5t1 #hf1 #adi ,salisbury1 ,longespe1 ,e>l (1 #ij1 #ie1 #ahh ,salisbury1 ,d',eureux1 ,e>l (1 #ahh ,salisbury ,ca!dral1 #cbc ,salisbury1 ,m>quess (3 ,support]s1 #ib ,saltire1 ,saltire-wise1 ,9 ,saltire1 #fa1 #adi ,sangli]1 #ajf1 #adi ,sans1 #eb1 #adi ,s>ac5's heads1 #gc ,savage-man1 ,wood-man1 #adi ,saw1 ,frame ,saw1 #aej ,saxony3 ,duk$om & ,arms1 #aac1 #bfg ,scales1 ,rob4 de3 ,arms1 #gh ,sc>pe1 ,esc>pe1 #aej ,sci5ce ( ,h]aldry1 #bd1 #cj1 #cbf ,sc9tillant1 #aej ,scotl&1 ,bordure ,company1 #aia2 ,e>ly ,h]aldry (1 #id2 ,h]aldry (1 #aih2 ,royal ,h]aldry (1 #beh2 ,royal ,arms (1 #fg1 #hc1 #agj1 #beh2 ,cre/s1 #ia1 #bdd1 #bfd2 ,badge1 #aea1 #bbh2 ,illegitimacy ,m>ks 91 #aia2 ,support]s1 #bfd2 ,mottoes1 #bfe2 ,scotti% ,support]s1 #bcg2 ,diff]5c$ ,%ield (1 #bje2 ,e>ly ,seals (1 #afa 7see ,la+1 ,mr4 ,h47 ,scots1 ,m>y ,que5 (1 #fh ,scott1 ,sir ,walt]1 ( ,abbots=d1 #a1 #cbf ,scott1 ,sir ,walt]1 #a1 #cbf ,scotti% ,seals1 ,la+'s ,catalogue (1 #aa4 ,see ,la+ ,scrope1 ,le3 ,arms1 #eh1 #bjj2 ,badge1 #bbd ,scrope1 ,sir ,r4 le1 #eh1 #bjj2 ,?os4 le1 #ahf2 ,controv]sy1 #bjj ,scudamore3 ,arms1 #aeb2 ,motto1 #ach ,seals3 _! value 9 ,h]aldry1 #aj1 #cag2 ,e>ly ,scotti%1 #aa2 ,ca/s (1 #cag2 ,sugge/ive ( ,support]s1 #bch2 ,examples1 #cag ,seax1 #aej ,second>y ,*>ges1 #ahc ,se$$1 #hb1 #aej ,segrave3 ,arms1 #hc2 ,sir ,john1 #hi ,segreant1 #aej ,sejant1 #hf1 #aej ,semee1 #de1 #aej2 de lys1 #abe ,seton1 ,mr41 8 ,scotti% ,h]aldry1 #i1 #fh1 #id1 #ach1 #aih1 #bfj1 #cjg1 #cjh ,sevans1 ,septvans3 ,arms1 #abj ,seym\r1 ,que5 ,jane1 #bbi ,%ake=k1 #aea ,%akespe>e3 ,arms1 #aea2 grant ( ,arms to1 #cji ,%amrock1 #aea1 #bbh ,%elly3 ,arms1 #ag ,%ield1 or ,escut*eon1 ,h]aldic1 #ad1 #cg1 #aea2 ,p>ts1 ,po9ts1 & ,divisions (1 #cb2 ,v>ieties1 #ce2 ,b[$1 #ce2 ,b\*e1 #cf2 ,c\*ee1 #ch2 ,diff]5c$1 #bjj2 treatm5t1 #ch ,%ield-belt4 ,see ,guige ,%ield-boss1 #ae ,%ields-(-,arms1 #b ,%ip1 #aea ,%ovell]1 #aea ,sickle1 #bbe1 #bff ,simple ,qu>t]+1 #cd1 #aea ,s+le ,small ,*>ges1 = ,diff]5ce1 #ahf ,s9i/]1 #cb1 #cc1 #aea ,s9ople1 #da1 #aea1 #aeh ,six-foil1 #aea ,sleswick3 ,arms1 #bfi ,slipp$1 #hb1 #aea ,som]i1 ,sir ,j4 de3 ,arms1 #bjd ,som]set1 ,h5ry1 ,duke (1 #ahi1 #aij2 ,john1 ,duke (1 #bcf ,som]set ,h]ald1 #acj ,sottone1 ,sutton1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #bjc ,s\?acre1 #baf ,s\?ampton1 ! ,b>on3 ,support]s1 #ib ,s\ti5s1 ,les1 #bdd ,spa91 ,que5 (1 #bgb ,spe>1 #aea ,spiritual ,pe]s1 #aje ,spur1 #aea ,,ss41 ,coll> (1 #aaj1 #acj1 #aea4 ,see ,coll> ,/4 ,qu9t93 ,arms1 #fb ,/aff1 crook-head$1 #aae ,/af=d1 ,de3 ,arms1 #fa2 ,badge1 #aec ,/af=d1 ,sir ,h4 de3 ,/&>d1 #bea ,/af=d1 ,sir ,humphrey de3 ,cre/-wrea?1 #bag ,/af=d ,knot1 #acc1 #aea1 #bea ,/ag1 #aaf ,/a9s1 #db ,/all-,plate1 #aea1 #bgh ,/&>d1 #aeb1 #bea2 ,anglo-,saxon1 #e2 ,anglo-,norman1 #e2 ,badges on1 #bbj2 ,m>k$ = ,cad5cy1 #aib2 ,royal1 #beb1 #bff2 ,record+1 #beb ,/aple1 #aeb ,/apleton3 ,badge1 #aeb ,/>1 #aeb ,/> ( ,india1 ,ord] (1 #bhg ,/atant1 ,/atant ,gu>dant1 #he1 #aeb ,/aunton ,h>c\rt1 #bag ,/eph53 ,arms1 #hh2 ,badges1 #ajh1 #bbh ,/ew>d1 ,alex&]1 ,e>l ( ,m5tei?3 ,seal1 #id ,/ew>d1 ,bo>d (1 #aii ,/ew>t1 ,m>g>et1 ,c\ntess ( ,angus1 #id ,/irrup1 #aeb ,/ock1 #aeb ,/orm]k3 ,arms1 #bfi ,/\rton3 ,badge1 #bbd2 ,"l1 #cbi ,/range1 ,le ,/range3 ,arms1 #hi ,/range1 ,hamon ,le1 #hi2 ,sir ,j4 ,le1 #bjd ,/r+$1 #aeb ,/rongb[3 ,seal1 #fb ,/u>t1 ,ludovic1 #aag2 ,sir ,ri*>d3 ,seal1 #cai2 ,badge1 #bcc ,/u>ts3 ,arms1 #abd2 ,liv]y ,col\rs1 #ace ,subord9>ies1 #db1 #fd ,suns & ,roses1 ,coll> (1 #aaj1 #aeb4 ,see ,coll> ,support]s1 #aeb1 #age1 #bcg2 _! probable ,orig91 #id1 #bcg2 _! h]aldic ,significance1 #bdc2 rightly support$1 #bdc2 ,royal1 #bfd2 ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 #bfe2 ( ,scotl&1 #bfd2 grant$ by ! ,"l ,lyon1 #bcg ,supports1 ,les1 #bdd ,surcoat1 #aec1 #aib ,surm\nt$1 #aec ,surrey1 ,e>l (1 #afb1 #bjg ,swan1 #ha1 #aec1 #bea ,sw$53 ,arms1 #bfi ,sword1 #aec ,swyneborne3 ,arms1 #ag ,sykes3 ,arms1 #gb ,symbolical ,expression & ,record anci5t & univ]sal1 #e ,tab>d1 #acj1 #aed ,talbot3 ,badge1 #bbd ,tanfield1 #bae ,tape/ry1 ,bayeux1 #e ,tau ,cross1 #ee1 #bbf ,tawke3 ,arms1 #aed ,tax on ,armorial ,be>+s1 #cac ,teck1 ,arms (1 #bgj ,templ>s1 ,ord] (1 #bgf2 _! ,bann]1 #ac1 #bgf ,templ>s1 ,b>ri/]s ( ! ,temple1 #bgf ,temple ,*ur*1 ,london1 #ae2 at ,bev]ley ,m9/]1 #ajg ,t55t1 #aed1 #bdd ,t5ne1 ,tawny1 #db1 #aed ,tetl[3 ,arms1 #bc ,tey3 ,motto1 #aci ,?i/le1 #fh1 #aed1 #bbh2 ,ord] & ,insignia ( !1 #bhj ,?omas ( ,wood/ock1 ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 #adh1 #aha1 #bcb1 #bce ,?omas1 ,duke ( ,cl>5ce1 #aha ,?orpe1 ,sir ,e4 de3 ,helm & ,cre/1 #bae ,?rone3 heirs app>5t1 #bbg ,?r\gh1 #ed ,ti]ce1 ,9 ,ti]ce1 ,p] ,ti]ce1 #aee ,tiles1 ,encau/ic1 #cbc ,timbre1 ,timbr$1 #aed1 #aee ,t9ctures1 #dj1 #aee2 ,law (1 #dc1 #df2 ,blazon+ 91 #dg2 ,*ange (1 = ,cad5cy1 #ahb ,tipt(t1 ,john1 ,"l3 ,seal1 #bae ,titles1 #ca ,tong1 #bag ,torse1 #aac1 #aee ,torteau1 ,torteaux1 #gb1 #aee ,t[]1 ,turret1 #aee ,transpos$1 #aee ,trefle1 or ,botone1 #ef1 #aee ,trefoil1 #aee ,treille1 ,trellis1 #ga1 #aee ,trema9e3 ,arms1 #ge ,tressure1 #ff1 #fg1 #aee2 impal$ & qu>t]$1 #agj2 incorrectly blazon$1 #cag ,trick$1 ,9 ,trick1 #db1 #aee ,trippant or ,tripp+1 #hj1 #ha1 #aee ,triton1 #aee ,trivet1 #aee ,tromp9t\n1 ,trump+ton1 ,sir ,r4 de1 #ag1 #aee ,trotton3 ,brass at1 #aaj1 #afi ,trumpet1 #aee ,trump+ton3 ,brass at1 #ag1 #aeh ,truss$1 ,truss+1 #aee ,trussell1 ,tressell3 ,arms1 #ga ,trusses1 #ha ,tryvett3 ,arms1 #aee ,tudor1 ,ar?ur3 ,badge1 #acj1 #bcc ,tudor1 ,m>g>et1 #agj ,tudor3 ,badge1 #add2 ,liv]y ,col\rs1 #ace2 ,rose1 #aef1 #bbh ,tun1 #adh1 #aef ,tyndall3 ,cre/1 #adf ,tyndalls1 #ada ,tynes1 #ha1 #aef ,uf=d1 ,sir ,ralph de3 ,arms1 #afd1 #ahf ,ul/]1 ,badge (1 #ajd4 ,see ,b>onet & ,h]ald ,ul/]1 ,william1 ,e>l (1 #afc ,ul/] ,k+-(-,arms1 #aca1 #cjh ,unde1 ,undy1 #ce1 #aef ,ungul$1 #hj1 #aef ,unicorn1 #ia1 #aef1 #bfd1 #bfe ,union ,jack1 #ed1 #aef1 #beb2 ! ,fir/1 #bec2 ! ,second1 #bec1 #bed ,union ,device1 #ajb1 #bje ,unit$ ,k+dom3 ,support]s1 #bfe ,unm>ri$ ,ladies3 ,arms1 #agc ,urde1 #eg ,uriant1 #hb1 #aef ,vair1 #da1 #db1 #aef ,val5ce1 ,de3 ,arms1 #afc1 #afh1 #cbc ,dimidiat+ ,cl>emont ,nesle1 #afh ,val5ce1 ,e>l ,william de1 #de1 #ec1 #gg1 #bag2 ,e>l ,aym] de1 #afc ,v&alia3 ,arms1 #bfi ,vane4 ,see ,fan ,v>i$ ,fields1 #db1 #ei ,vavas\r1 ,william le1 #ea ,vele1 ,de3 ,arms1 #gf ,v]e1 ,de3 ,motto1 #ach ,v]e1 ,rob]t de1 #acf1 #bjf ,v]ley1 ,sir ,philip de1 #if ,v]non1 ,sir ,william1 #bag ,v]t1 #da1 #dh1 #aef ,v]vels1 ,v]vals1 #aef ,vesci1 ,william de1 #ef ,ve/$1 #aef ,,victoria1 ,,que53 ,arms1 #bfc ,victoria ,cross1 #bic ,victoria1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess1 #bga ,victorian ,ord]1 #bia ,victoria & ,alb]t1 ,ord] (1 #bid ,villi]s1 de ,l',isle ,adam1 ,phillippe de1 #eg1 #bge ,viscomes1 #aef ,visc\nt1 ,visc\ntess1 #aef ,vivre1 #aeg ,void$1 #ee1 #aeg ,vol1 #if1 #aeg ,volant1 #ha1 #hb1 #aeg ,volunte]s3 ,motto & ,flag1 #bef2 ,decoration1 #bid ,vuln$1 #aeg ,vuln+1 #ha ,wa*e%am1 ,sir ,g4 de3 ,arms1 #bja ,wadesles1 ,wadsley1 ,de3 ,arms1 #adg ,wake3 ,arms1 #ea1 #agi2 ,sir ,j41 #bjb ,wake ,knot1 #acc1 #aeg ,waldegrave3 ,arms1 #ad ,wales1 ,native ,pr9ces (1 #hc ,wales1 ! ,pr9ces (1 always ,k4,g41 #bgh2 also ,e>ls ( ,*e/]1 #aie ,wales1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,! ,pr9ce (3 8 ,armorial ,insignia1 #bfi1 #bgj2 8 ,label1 #acd1 #agh2 8 ,coronet1 #aci2 8 ,badge1 #bca2 8 elde/ son's ,label1 #bgj ,wales1 ,pr9cess (1 #bgj ,wal=d1 ,mr41 #i ,wall$1 #aeg ,waltone1 ,de3 ,arms1 #fh ,w>kwor?1 #cbb ,w>r5ne1 ,de1 ! ,e>ls3 ,arms1 #dc1 #de1 #aii ,w>wick1 ! ,e>ls (1 #ef2 ,arms & ,seals1 #ie1 #afi1 #aga1 #ahc1 #cai ,wat] ,b\get1 #aeg ,wattl$1 #aeg ,wavy1 ,unde1 #ce1 #aeg ,w$one1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,welles3 ,arms1 #gb ,well+ton1 ! ,duke (3 ,arms1 #bc2 ,support]s1 #ia2 ,augm5tation1 #ajb1 #aef1 #bjd ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ,h]aldry (1 #ai1 #bf1 #ec1 #fh1 #ib1 #aaa1 #afi1 #bhf1 #cbb ,we/m9/] ,hall1 ,h]aldry (1 #bg1 #ia1 #bae1 #bei ,we/phalia3 ,arms1 #bfb ,weyl&e1 ,sir ,n4 de1 #bjb ,:ea?am/$e1 ,john de1 ,abbot ( ,/4 ,albans1 #ge1 #adg1 #cbc ,:ea?amp/ead ,*ur*1 ,brass at1 #gi ,:eat-,%eaf4 ,see ,g>be ,:eel1 ,ca!r9e ,:eel1 #aeg ,:ite ,ensign1 #bef ,:itwor?1 ,%ield at1 #ad ,wid[1 ,wid[]3 ,arms1 #agc ,wife & ,husb&1 ,m>%all+ _! ,arms1 #aga ,william ,i41 #cbi2 ,arms1 #ah1 #hh1 #beh ,william ,,ii43 ,arms1 #hh1 #beh2 ,badge1 #bbg ,william ,,iii4 & ,m>y3 ,arms1 #bfj ,william ,,iii43 ,arms1 #bfb ,william ,,iv43 ,arms1 #bfc ,w9*elsea3 ,seal ( ! ,mayor (1 #afh ,w9dsor ,h]ald1 #acj ,w9dsor1 ,/4 ,george's ,*apel1 #aga ,w+field3 ,arms1 #ag ,w9n[+ ,fan4 ,see ,fan ,w+s 9 ,cre/s1 #bab ,wood/ock1 ,duke ,?omas (1 #aha1 #bcb2 ,badge1 #adi ,worce/]1 ,*>les1 ,e>l (1 #aij2 ,h5ry1 ,e>l (1 #ahi1 #aij2 ,john1 ,e>l (1 #bae ,worce/] ,ca!dral1 #bcj1 #cbc ,wortele1 ,worteley1 ,de3 ,arms1 #aig ,wrea?1 ,orle1 ,cre/-,wrea?1 ,wrea!d1 #aeg ,wyll]s1 ,de3 ,arms1 #ff ,wyndesor1 ,wm4 de3 ,seal1 #bad1 #bdb ,wyn=d1 ! ,b>on3 ,support]s1 #ii ,wyv]n1 ,wiv]n1 #gb1 #aeg ,y>bor\gh1 ,c\ntess (1 #cca ,y>m\?1 ,great3 ,arms1 #afh ,yngelfeld1 ,sir ,r4 de3 ,arms1 #bjb ,york1 ,dukes (1 #agi ,york1 ,ar*bi%op (3 ,arms1 #aja ,york1 ,rose (1 #adi1 #bbh2 ,coll> (1 #aaj2 ,liv]y ,col\rs (1 #ace ,york ,ca!dral1 ,h]aldic ,glass at1 #ib ,york ,h]ald1 #acj ,z\*e1 de ,la3 ,arms1 #gb2 ,diff]5c$ ,arms1 #ahf 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,errata ,punctuation 9 ! ,index & 9 ,figure captions has be5 sil5tly regul>iz$1 & invisible p]iods 7full /ops7 h be5 suppli$4 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ization is z 9 ! orig9al4 ,au?or ( ,! ,monum5tal ,brasses ( ,engl&1 ,engl&1' ,cont5ts ,e>lie/ ,h]aldic ,%ields & ,bann]s ,e>lies ,h]aldic ) invisible t a f9e %ield ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey ,we/m9i/] #g4 ,pot5t 7note diff]5t %ape ( divisions7 ,pot5t7 note ?us1 ! ,arms ( ! ,e>l de ,,w>5ne are ,*eque or & az4 else:]e spell$ ,w>r5ne armes p>lantes 7see p4 #af7 p4 #ae ,x is a v common error to ov]load h]aldic blazon+ ) commas commas "h means inv]t$ commas1 i4e4 apo/rophes = ,,de ,,hem5hale1 ,no4 #gi1-- ,no1 #gi ,az41 billette1 on a canton or a rav5 ppr4 ,"h & 9 a few o!r passages1 a t]m is us$ be=e x has be5 def9$4 ,arg41 a lion rampt4 gu41 cr[n$ or gu4 cr[n$ ,gloss>y ,buckle4 ,see ,f]maile4 else:]e spell$ f]mail ,saltire4 ,an ord9>y1 9 =m a diagonal cross3 ,nos4 #abj1 #aba1 #abb4 ,nos4 #abj1 #aba4 #abb4 fam\s z ! s9i/] support] ( ! ,royal ,%ield ( ,engl&4 ( ,engl&1 ext5d to ! becom+ h]aldic decl>ation & record text un*ang$3 error = becom+ !4448 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ccj4 ,f\r consecutive illu/rations are caption$ ,no4 #ccj4 7,see text47 ,a bordure compone may1 inde$1 be us$ compone ,sir ,,wm4 ,,kirketot-- ,sir4 impal$ 9 ! s9i/] half ( 8 ,%ield s9/] ,! ,arms ( ! ,lyon ,(fice ,i h already giv51 ,no4 #bff4 pr9t$ #bfe correct$ by unkn[n h& ,index3 ,h]aldry ,cant+1 #af2 ,cant9 1 #af ) invisible g ,illu/rations ,fig7s74 9 text has be5 regul>iz$ to ,no7s74 9 ! foll[+3 ,no4 #ce4 444 7,see ,no4 #hg47 7,see ,fig4 #hg47 gyronny 7,no4 #adg7 444 ,nos4 #cj & #cc 7,fig4 #adg7 & ,figs4 :5 ! piles are int5d$ to conv]ge1 z 9 ,no4 #abh ,eagles & ,hawks ) exp&$ w+s1 z 9 ,no4 #bjf ,! ,,cre/ 444 vide ,no4 #dda ,! ,,insignia 444 %[n 9 ,no4 #dce4