,old ,daniel2 or1 ,memoir of a          
,converted ,hindoo and ,description of  
,village ,life in ,india4  ,by ,thomas  
,hodson1 with ,introduction by the ,rev 
,w4 ,arthur1 ,m4,a4  ,published about   
#ahgg4   ,the title of this book is     
somewhat odd1 for1 though certainly     
greatly about the life and doings of    
,chickka the washerman1 and his         
conversion to ,christianity1 the memoirs
 are certainly not his1 and indeed it is
 a little difficult to see whose they   
are4 ,not apparently those of ,thomas   
,hodson1 who is mentioned frequently in 
the third person1 and who appears to be 
as much of an ordained minister as the  
,reverend ,w4 ,arthur4 ,strange also is 
the fact that the title page promises an
 ,introduction1 but what we actually    
get1 on the very next page1 is a        
,preface4  ,however1 these are minor    
grumbles1 because what you do get is a  
head-on description of village life in  
,india1 as promised1 and some very nice 
illustrations4  ,as ,editor1 ,i must    

hasten to say that ,thomas ,hodson1 the 
author of some of the short chapters1 is
 no relation of mine4  ,in fact my      
ancestor ,thomas ,hodson1 who also      
worked in ,india1 but as an             
administrator1 was only a small child in
 ,england at the time the book was      
published4  ,but my family have had a   
long connection with ,india1 and that   
has led to my own great interest in the 
,indian sub-continent4  ,i was very     
interested to read and edit this book1  
and commend it to anyone who would like 
to know more about ,indian ,village     
,life #aej and even #bjj years ago 7the 
hero of the tale was born in #agii74    
,although this book is constructed from 
pieces written by devoted ,missionaries1
 and although they deride the local     
,gods and religious practices1 ,i do not
 think the book is very convincing as an
 argument for ,christianity1 although ,i
 describe myself as a ,christian4       
,n4,h4   ,,old ,,daniel2 ,,or1 ,,memoir 
,,of ,a ,,converted ,,hindoo ,,and      

,,description ,,of ,,village ,,life ,,in
 ,,india4  ,,by ,,thomas ,,hodson1      
,,with ,,introduction ,,by ,,the ,,rev  
,w4 ,,arthur1 ,m4,a4    ,,preface4  ,i  
can now1 in my mind's eye1 see ,chickka1
 the washerman1 as if ,i had met him    
yesterday2 and ,i can see the mud houses
 of ,singonahully1 the mud wall of the  
village1 and the temple of ,runga1 as if
 they were all before me4  ,yet five and
 thirty years are passed and gone since 
the afternoon when1 in quest of medical 
aid1 ,i rode past the village1 hoping   
yet to see it the abode of many         
follower's of ,christ1 not knowing that 
,i was never to see it more4  ,at that  
time ,chickka was still a heathen4  ,he 
was then between forty and fifty years  
of age1 a grey-headed1 resolute1        
self-controlled looking man4  ,at the   
mission-house of ,goobbe we knew        
,chickka well4  ,he was often present at
 our family prayer1 but gave no signs of
 any religious conviction2 and ,i cannot
 remember that he ever expressed more   

disapproval of idolatry than many did1  
who to this day have continued in their 
heathenism4  ,certainly ,i had no idea  
of the processes through which the mind 
of the washer man had passed4  ,it would
 have been hard to conceive that one so 
ignorant and so simple1 had as a boy1   
all untaught1 seen as clearly the vanity
 of idols as well-instructed men could  
do1 and had in his own simple way taken 
practical and striking steps to convince
 others of the justice of his views4    
,in the lifelike narrative of ,mr       
,hodson1--where every touch is that of  
one who has lived among the people1 till
 their sayings and their doings1 their  
surrounding scenes and modes of thought1
 are all familiar1--the reader will find
 a very curious light upon the processes
 of thought which1 in the deepest night 
of paganism1 may be passing in the mind 
of a labourer's lad who knows not a     
letter4  ,we may feel assured that      
similar lights are shining in the       
darkest places now1 and that millions of

 young minds are being prepared1 as was 
the mind of ,chickka1 to turn from dumb 
idols to serve the living and the true  
,god4  ,even were the incidents detailed
 in the following pages those only of   
the life of a single boy1 they would be 
of great interest4  ,but it is not as   
incidents that give interest to the     
story of an inward change of one mind1  
or of the outward windings of one life1 
but as a sign of what is going on in    
multitudes1 and as a foretoken of the   
changes that are to come1 that the      
highest interest attaches to such scenes
 as that of ,chickka breaking the       
serpent-gods1 turning the sword-gods    
into plough-shares1 refusing to bow to  
the idol1 or speaking lightly of the    
great god of the vicinity when his car  
was burned4  ,even the procession1 which
 in all forms of idolatry1 from that of 
,india to that of ,rome1 forms an       
important instrument of public          
impression1 failed to command the       
feelings of ,chickka4  ,how many men in 

countries where weeping ,madonnas are   
exhibited have been tormented with the  
same curiosity which seized ,chickka on 
seeing the tears streaming down the     
cheeks of ,mari1 the goddess of         
diseases6  ,but seldom have courage and 
opportunity combined to carry the       
inquirer to a conclusion so decisive as 
that which rewarded the research of the 
poor washerman's son4  ,i seem now as if
 ,i could trace the boy1 in the         
struggling grey of the morning1 down the
 gentle slope1 till he reached the tank1
 found the spot where the idol had been 
cast into it1 and1 daring to break its  
head1 laid bare all the mystery of the  
tears4 ,that1 too1 was a step preparing 
him for the great change when he was to 
turn to ,one who is not the work of     
men's hands1 but is the ,maker of the   
mighty and the weak4  ,and the same     
influences which prepared ,chickka1 and 
which eventually changed him into       
,daniel1 are now at work in1 ,i repeat  
it1 millions of minds1 where the        

influences are as much unseen and       
unsuspected as were at the time those of
 which the reader will find the account 
so striking4  ,good ,edward ,hardey1    
whose words were the first that were    
sent home to the heart of the washerman 
with the power that quickens dry corns  
into sprouting seeds1 and good ,matthew 
,trevan ,male1 who baptized him as the  
firstfruits unto ,christ in ,goobbe1 are
 both gone to their rest4  ,many others 
who have sowed on that field are also   
gone4  ,daniel has ended his course in  
peace4  ,and still the harvest is not   
reaped4  ,but the harvest is to come4   
,in such a work delay1 disappointment1  
and the deferring of hope are to be     
taken as but a call for more faith and  
more prayer4  ,if the lights struggling 
in the heathen mind of ,chickka were but
 an example of what is taking place in  
the minds of many1 so also the change by
 which ,chickka became ,daniel1 the     
steadfast ,christian1 was but an example
 of thousands of thousands that are yet 

to come4  ,behold1 ,i make all things   
new1' says ,he who caused the light to  
shine out of darkness2 and in the       
,mysore ,he will yet bring forth a new  
and glorious creation4  ,in that        
country1 at this present time1 a        
terrible famine is making ravages4 ,even
 that calamity may be overruled for     
good4  ,at all events it gives fresh    
emphasis to the call for all followers  
of ,christ to enter in and work for     
,god1 where the harvest indeed is       
plenteous and the labourers are few4    
,it may be that even in times of trial  
the ,spirit will be poured out from on  
high1 and that ,god will yet gladden    
with tidings of great joy the hearts of 
some to whom those fields are           
unutterably dear1 and who have long     
waited for the full corn in the ear4    
,w4 ,,arthur4   ,,chapter ,,one4        
,,daniel',s ,,parentage4  ,before       
,daniel was baptised his name was       
,chikkha1 but we will call him ,daniel  
from the beginning to the end of this   

little memoir4  ,he lived sometimes at  
,goobbe1 and sometimes at ,singonahully4
  ,goobbe is a large market town in the 
kingdom of ,mysore1 and ,singonahully is
 a small village about two miles from   
,goobbe4  ,the ,wesleyan ,mission       
premises are situated between these two 
places4  ,if my young readers1 for whom 
this little book is written1 will take a
 large map of ,india1 they will see     
,goobbe1' in ,latitude #ac degrees #ai  
minutes ,north1 and ,longitude #gg      
degrees ,east4  ,it is fifty-five miles 
north-west of ,bangalore1 and about     
seventy north-east of ,seringapatam4    
,many years ago1--it is not known       
exactly how many--a man of the          
,washerman caste left his native village
 and came to ,singonahully4  ,he brought
 his family with him1 but left behind a 
box containing an idol and some other   
sacred things1 in charge of the village 
priest4  ,this man was ,daniel's        
grandfather4  ,in ,singonahully he      
entered into friendly relations with the

 old village washerman1 who was nearly  
blind1 and helped him in his work4  ,in 
due time one of the blind man's         
daughters was given in marriage to      
,daniel's father1 whose name was ,veera 
,chickka4  ,daniel was born ,may #dth1  
#agii1 or according to his own          
phraseology1 ,i was born on the day     
,seringapatam was taken by the ,english4
  ,it may here be observed that many of 
the middle and lower classes of the     
,hindoos do not keep any correct record 
of the time when their children are     
born1 so that if no event of importance 
happens about that time1 there is       
generally no means of ascertaining the  
age of anyone in such families4         
,daniel's father was always a poor man1 
so that his son was never sent to       
school2 and he was never able either to 
read or to write2 but1 when quite a     
child1 he manifested a very clear       
judgment in many things1 and especially 
in the view he took as to the worship of
 idols4    ,,chapter ,,two4  ,,daniel',s

 ,,first ,,protest ,,against ,,idolatry4
  ,one day when ,daniel was about ten   
years old1 and living with his father in
 ,goobbe1 a relation of the family came 
from ,toomcoor1 on what1 to him1 was a  
very important matter2 and he said to   
,daniel's father1 ,well1 ,veera         
,chickka1 your father shut up our       
goddess in a box and left it1 in his    
village1 in care of the temple priest1  
and there she now remains4 ,the goddess 
has had no worship paid her from that   
time to this2 she is angry1 and a great 
calamity has1 in consequence1 come upon 
me and my family4  ,come now1 let us    
fetch the goddess from our ancestral    
home1 and worship her here in this      
place4  ,the goddess referred to was    
,lakshmi1 the wife of ,vishnu1 the      
goddess of wealth and prosperity4  ,when
 little ,daniel heard this proposal1 it 
seemed foolishness to him1 and at a     
favourable opening in the conversation  
he said to his relation1 ,the goddess   
,lakshmi has blessed you with wealth1   

but she has left us in poverty2 when she
 gives us prosperity we will worship    
her1 but not till then4  ,both ,daniel's
 father and his visitor looked at the   
boy angrily1 but said nothing2 however1 
in the end his father decided not to    
fetch the idol4  ,the following is      
another proof of ,daniel's decision2 and
 it shows what a clear view he had of   
idolatry before he ever heard a word of 
,gospel truth4  ,the account is given in
 his own words4    ,,chapter ,,three4   
,,snake-,,worship4  ,when ,i was about  
eleven years old1 my brothers and       
sisters were suffering from boils1 and  
my parents asked a fortune-teller what  
they should do to get rid of them4  ,he 
told my parents that the boils had come 
in consequence of their neglect of      
serpent-worship1 and that the children  
would be cured if my parents would again
 worship snakes4  ,these reptiles often 
take up their abode in white-ant-hills1 
after the ants have vacated them4  ,my  
parents had been in the habit of        

worshipping serpents two or three times 
a year4  ,their custom was to pour milk1
 clarified butter1 curds1 etcetera1     
etcetera1 into the holes of a           
white-ant-hill1 when they knew there was
 a venomous serpent inside4  ,the       
libations were accompanied by fastings1 
prayers1 prostrations1 and many         
ceremonial purifications4  ,and now to  
remove the boils from their children    
they resolved to comply with the        
fortune-teller's directions1 and go     
through a grand performance of          
serpent-worship4  ,they accordingly     
consecrated two old stone idols1 made in
 the shape of serpents1 and commenced   
the worship of them4  ,i thought this   
was all foolishness1 and before the     
whole of the ceremonies could be        
completed1 watching my opportunity1 ,i  
broke each snake-stone into two or three
 pieces1 and threw them away as common  
stones4  ,when my parents saw the broken
 images1 and knew that it was ,i who had
 broken them1 they were exceedingly     

angry1 and my father said1 with fury1   
,son6 is it proper to do so8  ,other    
gods may be false1 but the ,serpent-god 
is not4  ,the children are suffering    
from the anger of the ,serpent-god1 and 
now you have broken his images1 so that 
his wrath is increased2 and what        
calamity will happen to us it is        
impossible to say4  ,after my father was
 a little calm1 ,i said to him1 ,father1
 ,i believe that this worshipping snakes
 and their stone images is all nonsense4
 ,what connection can there be between  
boils on a human body and the image of a
 serpent8  ,have patience2 no calamity  
will happen4  ,should any trouble come1 
we will then conclude that the serpent  
is a true god2 and ,i will1 in that     
case1 get two other images made1 and    
putting them in the place of the two    
broken ones1 they shall be consecrated  
and receive regular worship4  ,my father
 thought ,i was a strange child4        
,however1 in a few days1 my brothers and
 sisters were quite well1 and the belief

 of my parents in snake-worship died    
away4    ,,chapter ,,four4  ,,bible ,,in
 ,,the ,,canarese ,,language4  ,daniel1 
at that time1 had no teacher but the    
,holy ,spirit4  ,there were no ,bibles  
in the ,canarese language1 which was the
 language spoken by ,daniel2 there were 
no ,protestant ,missionaries where he   
lived2 no schools in which ,hindoo      
children could be taught to read the    
,word of ,god2 and no means whatever for
 acquiring a correct knowledge of the   
way to heaven4 ,had these means of      
salvation been in existence when ,daniel
 was a boy1 he would have been taught to
 worship the true ,god1 and might have  
been instrumental in the conversion of  
many people4  ,but his youth was spent  
in ignorance and in the service of      
,satan4  ,thank ,god1 there is now a    
change for the better4  ,there are      
,missionaries who preach the ,gospel in 
many parts of the ,mysore country2 there
 are schools for children1 and also for 
those converted young men who wish to be

 taught how to preach the ,gospel to    
their own countrymen4  ,the ,scriptures 
are translated into the ,canarese       
language1 and may be had everywhere at a
 very cheap rate indeed4  ,a copy of the
 ,canarese ,bible1 printed at the       
,wesleyan ,mission ,press1 in           
,bangalore1 and beautifully bound1 was  
presented1 with ,bibles in other        
oriental languages1 to ,his ,royal      
,highness the ,prince of ,wales1 on his 
late visit to ,madras4  ,this is a very 
different state of things from that     
which existed when ,daniel was a boy4   
,but there is very much yet to be done4 
,the ,missionaries have made a good     
beginning1 but the work has to be       
completed2 every man1 woman1 and child  
has to be converted2 and therefore the  
young ,missionary collectors all over   
,england1 have need to renew their      
efforts1 that many more ,missionaries   
may be sent to ,india every year4       
,,chapter ,,five4  ,,dialogue ,,between 
,a ,,gentleman ,,and ,a ,,shepherd4  ,we

 will now return to our history of the  
boy ,daniel4  ,in the same year that he 
broke the stone serpents1 he played a   
trick on some impostors who were taking 
part in a religious procession1 which   
the shepherds of ,singonahully and the  
neighbourhood had got up4  ,the         
shepherds in the ,mysore country are    
very ignorant and very superstitious4   
,this may partly be accounted for from  
the fact that they live with their      
flocks in the open fields daily1 from   
morning to night1 associate little with 
their fellow-men1 and seem shut out from
 all means of instruction4  ,a very     
learned ,brahmin1 who was at one time   
the ,reverend ,william ,arthur's        
,canarese teacher1 wrote a number of    
,village ,dialogues1' and in one of them
 the shepherd is most admirably         
described4  ,the following extract is   
made in order to show the shepherd's    
ignorance1 his creed1 and his mode of   
worship4  ,it is a fit introduction to  
the ,shepherds' procession which little 

,daniel interrupted4  ,the extract is   
part of a supposed dialogue between an  
,english gentleman passing through the  
country and a shepherd1 whom he happens 
to see near the public road3  ,the      
shepherd had a handkerchief round his   
head1 a grey woollen blanket tied like a
 hood1 and a six-cubit piece of cloth   
round his loins4 ,behind him came a     
flock of sheep1 and behind the flock1 in
 front1 and on both sides there were    
barking dogs4  ,the shepherd had a stick
 in his left hand1 which he laid upon   
his left shoulder2 in his right hand he 
had a long switch1 and under the armpit 
a bag1 in a small net of hemp-cord      
network2 the net hung from the shoulder 
on the left side4 ,calling ,hus-si1     
hus-si1 kiy-yo1 to the sheep which were 
straggling on all four sides1 he brought
 them together and drove them along2    
going sometimes before1 and sometimes   
behind4  ,whilst he was going behind1 he
 saw an ,english gentleman coming along 
in a travelling carriage1 and said to   

himself1 ,who in the world is this8  ,a 
gentleman coming1 as ,i'm alive6  ,why  
should ,i stay in his way8  ,i'd better 
hide myself a bit4 ,so he got behind a  
hedge1 and fearing lest the sheep should
 stray1 as he kept peeping and looking  
out every now and then1 and huffing them
 with his cry1 ,hus-si1 hus-si1 this    
gentleman saw him1 and called out1 ,ho  
,sir1 ,gowda1 come here4  ,gowda is the 
head man of a village1 and the word was 
used on this occasion respectfully4     
,hearing which1 the shepherd said to    
himself1 ,what trouble has come now8    
,he's calling me to come to him4  ,if ,i
 go to him1 ,i cannot tell what he may  
do to me4 ,and if ,i don't go1 ,i cannot
 tell what will happen4  ,but they say  
that ,english gentlemen never do harm to
 anybody4  ,though ,i hear him1 ,i'll   
just keep quiet as though ,i didn't     
hear1 and if he calls again1 ,i'll go4  
,the gentleman1 seeing the shepherd's   
great perplexity1 and knowing that it   
was through fear that he did not come1  

again called out1 ,ho ,sir1 ,gowda1     
,gowda1 come here2 don't be afraid2 ,i  
won't do anything to you2 you need not  
give me anything2 come here1 come and   
have a talk4 ,on which the shepherd     
thinking within himself1 ,if ,i don't go
 to him after this1 he may get angry1   
and ,i can't tell what he will do1      
delayed a little1 as though driving his 
sheep2 when the gentleman again called1 
,come4  ,there is no getting out of it1 
,i must go1 said the shepherd to        
himself2 and came near1 and stood with  
the stick across his shoulders1 holding 
the ends of the stick on both sides with
 his hands1 swinging the switch that he 
held in his right hand1 stooping1 moving
 his head from side to side1 and        
shuffling his feet4  ,seeing the        
shepherd1 who thus came and stood1 the  
gentleman entered into conversation with
 him1 as follows3  ,g4  ,well1 ,sir1    
,gowda1 who are you8  ,s4  ,i am a      
shepherd1 my lord4  ,g4  ,what is your  
name8  ,s4  ,my name is ,bit-tare       

,shikkanu1 ,sir4  7,the words mean1 ,if 
you let him go1 you won't catch him     
again47  ,g4  ,bravo6  ,if one let go   
your name1 he won't catch it again1 eh8 
,well1 what is your god's name8  ,s4    
,bir-ap-pa is our god1 ,sir4  ,g4       
,bir-ap-pa1 eh8 what is he like8  ,s4   
,that's good1 ,sir4  ,what should god be
 like8  ,it is in this temple4  ,g4     
,how do you worship your god8 and how   
often8  ,s4  ,we worship our god once a 
year1 or once in two years1 or if we    
miss that1 once in three years4  ,when  
the worship is made1 there is a great   
gathering1 numbers of people come--wind 
instruments1 cymbals1 tambourines1      
drums1 flags1 beggars1 devotees1 stoics1
 bearskin-capped shepherd-priests1--and 
as for brahmins1 they are without       
number2 they abound wherever you look4  
,besides these1 shops1 cocoa-nuts1      
plantain bunches1 and bundles of betel  
leaves1 innumerable mountebanks1        
ballad-singers1 tumblers1 companies of  
stage-players2 all these1 a great       

gathering1 ,sir4  ,then worshipping god1
 presenting flowers1 lighted wave       
offerings1 offerings of money1 of       
ornaments1 votive offerings1 and        
consecrated cattle2 persons who give    
their hair1 cocoa-nut scramblers1 lamp  
bearers1 offerers of fruit and          
flowers1--many people come together1 and
 we worship our god ,bir-ap-pa4  ,g4    
,is the temple1 where your god is1 very 
clean8  ,s4  ,yes1 ,sir4  ,if god's     
place is not clean1 what is8  ,god is   
set up in a stone temple4  ,once a year1
 or once in six months1 if we open the  
door we open it2 if we don't1 we don't4 
,nobody goes there at all except at the 
feast4  ,if a temple like this is not   
clean1 what is1 ,sir8  ,g4  ,but don't  
you sweep the floor and sprinkle it with
 water every day8  ,s4  ,who is to sweep
 it every day1 eh8  ,once in six months1
 once in three months1 or once a year1  
the priest opens the door1 and if there 
be a feast or full moon1 he sprinkles   
and sweeps a little1 colours and        

whitewashes the walls with red earth and
 with white earth1 streaks them1 brings 
mango leaves and makes them into        
festoons over the door2 and if we       
worship and bring flowers1 we do2 and if
 we don't1 we don't4  ,such a god is our
 god1 ,sir4  ,g4  ,bravo6 a very fine   
god indeed6  ,but what do you do to this
 god at the feast8  ,tell us a bit1 and 
let us hear4  ,s4  ,what can ,i tell    
you1 ,sir8  ,we are silly shepherds2 all
 our language seems queer to you4  ,g4  
,never mind1 tell me1 ,gowda4  ,s4      
,well1 ,sir1 eight days before the      
feast1 the priest must get his head     
shaved1 bathe himself in water1 and take
 but one meal a-day4 ,having thus taken 
but one meal a-day for eight days1 he1  
on the feast-day worships the god in the
 temple1 praises it1 prostrates himself1
 and begs it to do us all good4  ,he    
then comes out and kneels in the court  
of the temple1 near a stone pillar in   
front of the god4  ,he shuts his eyes1  
and rests on his hands and knees4  ,when

 he has taken this position1 all who    
have come to the festival to worship our
 god ,bir-ap-pa1 bring cocoa-nuts1 and  
going up to the pillar where the priest 
is kneeling1 they take the cocoa-nuts in
 their hands1 and press upon one        
another1 each crying1 ,i am first1 ,i am
 first4'  ,then ten of the most         
respectable people come out1 stand apart
 from the rest1 make the people who are 
pressing forward stand back1 and take   
the cocoa-nuts1 which the people have   
brought1 into their own hands4  ,four   
others1 strong men1 stand near the      
priest2 the elders hand the cocoa-nuts  
to them2 and they keep on breaking them 
on the priest's head2 the priest1 all   
the time1 having his eyes shut1 is down 
on his hands and knees before           
,bir-ap-pa1 holding out his shaven head1
 until great heaps of cocoa-nut         
fragments are piled up as high as an    
elephant on both sides of him4  ,and    
though so many nuts are dashed against  
his bare skin1 the priest feels no pain1

 and never utters a sound which         
indicates suffering4  ,such a glorious  
god is our god1 ,sir4  ,no matter what  
trouble threatens he wards it off4  ,he 
always takes care of us4  ,g4  ,how is  
it1 master shepherd1 that you do such a 
silly thing as this8 ,there is a trick  
in breaking the cocoa-nuts on the head  
of the priest4 ,the people who break the
 cocoa-nuts are clever jugglers4  ,they 
have a store of cocoa-nuts which have   
been previously broken and stuck        
together again4  ,they substitute one   
for the other1 and so deceive the       
people4  ,s4  ,how it is1 ,sir1 ,i don't
 know4  ,you are a gentleman and you    
understand it4  ,i only say what        
everybody says1 ,sir4  ,the above       
dialogue shows a shepherd's creed1 his  
ignorance1 and his mode of worship4     
,and it was a festival1 a procession1   
and worship such as this that the       
shepherds of ,singonahully were         
celebrating when ,daniel interfered4    
,the following is his own account4      

,,chapter ,,six4  ,,the ,,cry ,,of      
,,snakes6  ,,snakes6  ,after some of the
 ceremonies had been performed in honour
 of the shepherds' god1 ,bir-ap-pa1     
certain consecrated things were carried 
by the priest1 and others by his wife1  
to a particular tank1 or artificial     
lake1 where special washings and other  
purifying ceremonies had to be          
performed4  ,the shepherds and their    
relations were accompanied by musicians1
 dancing-girls1 religious beggars1 and  
many others4  ,they also had a ,brahman 
to perform the appointed purifying      
ceremonies at the tank4 ,these being    
completed the procession came back with 
great pomp4  ,the priest1 his wife1 the 
hired ,brahman1 and some others1 walked 
on garments which had been spread in the
 way on purpose for them to walk on4    
,as the wife of the priest came along   
carrying a ,kalasha1 a particular kind  
of water vessel1 which for the time1    
with its contents1 was held to be pure  
and sacred1 she pretended to be under   

the influence of some god4  ,she began  
to swing and roll herself about in a    
most strange manner1 trying to make the 
multitude believe that ,bir-ap-pa1 or   
some other god or goddess1 had entered  
into her4  ,she struck and kicked those 
persons who tried to hold her1 and      
abused many in very foul language4  ,i  
saw and heard all this1 and thought the 
woman was a great hypocrite4  ,i could  
not believe it possible that any god or 
goddess would compel a woman to act in  
such a foolish way4  ,i said to myself1 
,what a shameful impostor this woman is6
  ,after thinking a little as to what ,i
 could do in order to expose her1 and   
shew the people that she was deceiving  
them1 ,i watched for a favourable       
opportunity1 and then cried out1        
,snakes6 snakes6 as loud as ,i could4   
,this produced immediate confusion4     
,the priest and his wife1 through fear  
of being stung by the snakes1 tried to  
get away2 no one knew which way to run2 
some were knocked down1 and the sacred  

things which the priest and his wife    
were carrying fell to the ground and    
were broken4  ,the worshippers of       
,bir-ap-pa1 and the mob of followers all
 dispersed in vexation and grief2 but ,i
 went home greatly amused4    ,,chapter 
,,seven4  ,,swords ,,beaten ,,into      
,,ploughshares4  ,in the second chapter 
of ,isaiah1 and the fourth verse1 we    
read1 ,they shall beat their swords into
 ploughshares2 and by the context we    
know that these words are part of a     
description of that universal peace     
which will follow the preaching of the  
,gospel in every part of the world4     
,this beautiful poetic image made use of
 by the prophet ,isaiah1 has been       
adopted by many writers ancient and     
modern1 and the words are often quoted  
by eloquent public speakers1 when       
referring to millennial times2 but it is
 probable that none of them ever        
expected to hear of the words being     
literally fulfilled4  ,this1 however1   
was accomplished in ,singonahully by our

 little friend ,daniel4  ,we have seen  
that ,daniel's heathen name was         
,chickka1' and his father's name was    
,veera ,chickka1' that is hero ,chickka2
 but whether any deeds of heroism were  
ever displayed1 either by ,daniel's     
father or by any of his ancestors1 is   
not upon record4  ,however1 we do know  
that when his old grandfather left his  
native town and came to live at ,goobbe1
 though he did not bring the image of   
the family goddess with him1 he did     
bring some old swords which had been in 
the family very many years4  ,these     
swords had often been worshipped by     
,daniel's forefathers4  ,we may here    
observe1 in passing1 that all ,hindoo   
mechanics and other workpeople regularly
 worship their tools and other          
instruments by which they gain their    
living4  ,they put up any of their      
implements as representations of ,vishwa
 ,karma1 the architect and artificer of 
the gods1 7,vishwa means the ,world or  
the ,universe1 and ,karma means ,work71 

and pray to these tools for success in  
business1 war1 agriculture1 etcetera4   
,thus a carpenter places a hammer or a  
saw before him1 and putting both his    
hands to his forehead bows to the       
instrument1 and asks for its help in the
 work to be done4 ,the barber worships  
his razor2 the blacksmith worships his  
bellows2 and the farmer his plough1     
oxen1 etcetera1 etcetera4  ,daniel's    
forefathers having worshipped these old 
swords1 ,veera ,chickka continued the   
time-honoured custom4  ,on a special    
occasion he invited his relatives and   
friends to come and join in the worship1
 and in the feast which always followed 
it4  ,this happened when ,daniel was    
about thirteen or fourteen years of age4
  ,preparatory to the worship1 his      
parents cleaned the rusty swords1       
decorated them with flowers1 and placed 
them upright against a wall4  ,when the 
proper time came1 they and their        
visitors made offerings to the swords1  
of plantains1 cocoa-nuts1 rice1         

etcetera4 ,after this1 they burned      
incense to their ancestors who were the 
original owners of the swords1 and then 
falling prostrate before them they all  
cried out1 ,o1 our gods1 prosper us3 ,o1
 our gods1 defend us4  ,after the       
worship was over1 all the visitors      
partook of the feast prepared1 passed   
the evening pleasantly in conversation1 
and the next morning returned to their  
own homes4  ,daniel says1 ,i was much   
impressed with the foolishness of all   
these proceedings1 and ,i said to       
myself1 ,what benefit can be derived    
from the worshipping of these old       
swords8  ,i am determined to put a stop 
to this in some way4'  ,he thought the  
matter over several days1 and by that   
time his plan was formed4  ,so one day1 
when no one saw him1 he took the swords1
 with the box in which they had been    
carefully placed1 and started for the   
blacksmith's shop4  ,but on the way he  
met his brother1 who stopped him1 and   
the following altercation ensued1 as    

given in ,daniel's own words3 ,what is  
that you have got in the box8 and where 
are you going with it8 said my brother4 
,i replied1 ,o1 nothing in particular4  
,but he would not allow me to proceed   
without his looking into the box and    
having a plain answer to his question4  
,i therefore said1 ,brother1 as our     
people have been accustomed to worship  
these old swords1 ,i think they had     
better be made into some proper shape4  
,i am therefore taking them to the      
blacksmith1 that he may put them into   
his fire and make an idol of them4  ,my 
brother1 on hearing this1 was quite     
shocked1 and said1 ,do you mean to say  
that you are going to break up these    
sacred relics1 which have been handed   
down to us from our heroic forefathers8 
,i think you are mad4  ,i will go       
immediately to our father and tell him  
what you are doing4  ,so saying he went 
home in great anger1 and ,i went on to  
the blacksmith4 ,when ,i arrived at his 
shop1 ,i found several men outside      

waiting to get something done to their  
agricultural implements1 and they all   
looked at me very enquiringly4  ,i said 
nothing1 but put down my box of swords1 
and sat upon it4  ,at length the        
blacksmith said3 ,well1 ,chickka1 what  
have you come for8  ,what have you got  
in that box8  ,i opened the box and     
shewed him the swords4  ,on seeing them 
he said1 ,what have you brought these   
things here for8  ,i replied1 ,these old
 swords have been occasionally          
worshipped as gods in our family2 but ,i
 don't see that any benefit can be      
obtained by worshipping such things2 in 
their present shape they are useless2 ,i
 think they may be made into something  
useful4 ,i have therefore brought them  
here for you to make ploughshares of    
them4  ,as soon as ,i had uttered these 
words1 all the farmers present seemed   
terrified1 and one man exclaimed1 ,if   
you do this1 your family will never     
prosper2 these are gods4  ,i said1 ,very
 well1 we will see whether they are gods

 or not1 we will give them a fair trial4
  ,we will put them into the fire1 and  
if they are gods they will jump out3 and
 if they are not gods they will melt    
like common iron3 let us see4  ,the     
blacksmith did what ,i wished4  ,he made
 one ploughshare immediately1 and the   
others afterwards4  ,the lookers-on said
 nothing1 but they doubtless expected   
some dreadful calamity would happen to  
me4  ,when my father heard what ,i had  
done1 he was very angry1 and said1 ,this
 boy is born to destroy our gods and    
customs4  ,for several days he would not
 allow me to enter his house3 but in two
 or three weeks my father's displeasure 
passed away1 and the matter of the      
swords was not mentioned again4  ,but   
all the members of our family complained
 that ,i never bowed to the idol when ,i
 passed the temple as they and all the  
other people in the village did4  ,to   
this1 when questioned1 ,i had only one  
answer1 namely1 ,i don't believe that   
any image made by human hands can be    

,god4  ,this boy was evidently taught of
 ,god1 without the aid of any human     
means4  ,he could not read2 the example 
of his parents and friends was bad1 very
 bad2 and he had never heard one word of
 ,gospel ,truth4  ,everyone who has seen
 an ,english plough will know that a few
 old swords would not supply material   
for one ,english ploughshare1 but an    
,indian plough is a very different      
thing1 and is well represented by the   
accompanying sketch4  ,all the iron     
required is a little bit at the point   
which enters the ground4  ,the plough is
 very light1 and may easily be carried  
by a boy from the farmer's house to his 
field in the morning1 and back again in 
the evening4  ,a man may be often seen  
carrying two ploughs1 one on each       
shoulder4    ,,chapter ,,eight4         
,,indian ,,agriculture4  ,we may imagine
 that the first plough ever used in     
,india was a crooked branch of a tree2  
and we may also imagine that when a     
suitable branch could not be found1 the 

skill of the best mechanic in the       
locality was called into exercise to    
make something that would do as well as 
a crooked branch4  ,then1 in the course 
of years1 some original genius improved 
upon nature by adding1 when needed1 a   
harder substance than wood2 and hence   
the bit of iron now added to form the   
,indian ploughshare4  ,beyond this the  
farmer who lived a thousand years since 
in the ,mysore country did not venture  
to go2 and the present race of          
cultivators1 relying with implicit      
confidence on the wisdom of the         
ancients1 look with suspicion on all    
proposed improvements4  ,this primitive 
instrument1 represented in the          
engraving1 having been tied to a bar of 
wood laid across the neck of two        
bullocks1 and placed under the          
management of a ploughboy1 the ground is
 scratched a few inches deep after every
 shower4  ,this process prepares the    
ground for the seed1 and nature being   
generous1 a very fair crop is produced4 

,in the ,mysore country the farmers were
 never so prosperous as they are at the 
present day4  ,thanks to ,english       
authority1 the people are not oppressed 
as they were under the despotic rule of 
their own native princes4  ,the         
,government is the great landlord2 the  
rent of round has not been very much    
increased2 the taxes have been reduced1 
and the produce of the soil fetches     
three times the price it did forty years
 ago4    ,,chapter ,,nine4  ,,how ,a    
,,schoolmaster ,,became ,a ,,god4  ,we  
have seen how some old swords were      
worshipped by ,daniel's parents and     
friends1 and we will now show how1 many 
years ago1 a god was made out of an old 
schoolmaster1 and is worshipped at the  
present day4  ,the legend is that1 about
 two hundred years ago1 there lived in  
,goobbe a very efficient schoolmaster1  
who was celebrated all over that part1  
of the country for his learning1 wisdom1
 and sanctity4  ,he lived to a good old 
age1 and then died4  ,the respect in    

which he had been held during his life  
was manifested at his funeral1 when     
there was a very large gathering of     
mourners4  ,his death was looked upon as
 a public calamity4 ,but he would       
doubtless soon have been forgotten had  
it not been for the gratitude and       
activity of one of his pupils1 named    
,burree ,gowda4  ,this man had1 during  
the course of twenty or thirty years1   
become very rich1 and a person of       
considerable influence4  ,he attributed 
all his success in life to the teaching 
and good example of his old             
schoolmaster1 and he felt disposed to do
 something to perpetuate his memory4    
,he therefore one day called together   
all the influential men of ,goobbe1     
amongst whom there were probably a few  
of ,burree ,gowda's fellow-students1 and
 to this assembly he opened his mind    
fully4  ,he enumerated the excellencies 
of his old teacher1 and stated his      
conviction that the good schoolmaster   
was something more than an ordinary     

mortal2 indeed1 that he was an          
incarnation of some deity2 adding that1 
being divine1 he ought to be worshipped4
  ,to this opinion the assembly         
assented4  ,he next proposed that a     
temple should be erected1 and all       
arrangements secured for the            
schoolmaster being worshipped as the god
 ,goobbe-appa'--that is1 ,goobbe-father4
  ,all agreed to this also1 as being    
calculated to benefit the people of     
,goobbe1 as well as to do honour to the 
schoolmaster4  ,but when ,burree ,gowda 
proposed to meet all the expenses       
himself1 we may fairly conclude hat the 
proposal was carried by acclamation4    
,in due time the temple was built1 an   
idol 7the bust of a man with a face of  
gold7 was made1 and1 with the usual     
ceremonies1 ,prana pratishta was        
performed4  ,this is a special ceremony1
 by which the ,hindoos think life is    
imparted to an image1 or that a god is  
made to enter into an idol4 ,thus they  
supposed that the deified old           

schoolmaster entered into the image of  
,goobbe-,appa1' which had been made for 
him to dwell in4  ,and there1 in that   
temple1 he is the most popular god of   
all within twenty or thirty miles of    
,goobbe4  ,he is not only worshipped    
daily by many who live in the town1 but 
also once a year by eight or ten        
thousands of people who1 at the         
anniversary1 come in from all the       
adjacent towns and villages4  ,when     
,daniel was about fourteen or fifteen   
years of age1 he had to take part in one
 of these annual festivals4  ,it appears
 that some rich man1 probably a         
descendant of ,burree ,gowda1 had       
determined that year to have a specially
 grand procession4  ,he1 therefore1     
months before the time1 began to make   
preparations4  ,he had a car1 or        
carriage1 made1 purchased fireworks1    
lamps1 torches1 etcetera4  ,the         
washermen far and near were told to     
bring cloths of different colours with  
which to cover and decorate the car1 and

 payment for them was promised4  ,some  
people brought garlands of flowers1     
evergreens and other foliage as         
presents2 so that when the procession   
started at midnight1 with thousands of  
lamps and hundreds of torches burning1  
the vast crowds of people gazed with    
wonder and delight4  ,daniel had to     
attend and help to decorate the car with
 such cloths as his father had been     
called upon to supply4  ,this being     
done1 he had to carry a torch4  ,the    
procession had not proceeded very far   
before some of the cloths on the car    
took fire1 either from the lamps or from
 the fireworks1 and a terrible confusion
 was immediately produced4  ,the priest 
of the temple1 who was riding upon the  
car1 was very severely burned1 while    
shrieks and cries were heard on every   
hand from many who had been knocked down
 and injured4  ,when the priest was     
helped out of the burning car he ran    
into some deep water to cool himself4   
,the idol also was taken out of the     

flames1 and finished its journey in a   
palanquin4  ,daniel says1 ,i saw all    
this3 and at the time when the priest   
came out of the water1 he ordered me to 
walk by his side1 and light the way for 
him with the torch which ,i had been    
directed to carry2 but as ,i proceeded1 
a sharp thorn ran into my foot1 and gave
 me great pain1 so that ,i could not    
walk1 but was obliged to sit down4 ,the 
priest commanded me to get up1 and come 
along with him4  ,i said1 ,be patient1  
my lord2 ,i am suffering from a thorn in
 my foot4'  ,however1 in a very loud and
 angry tone he said1 ,get up1 ,i command
 you1 and come with me after the god4'  
,then ,i felt angry too1 and replied1   
,why do you bawl out in that way8  ,the 
god does not want me2 but if he does1 ,i
 cannot come2 ,i am lame2 he may help   
himself4'  ,on hearing these words of   
contempt for the god1 the priest abused 
me very much1 took the torch from me1   
and ordering another person to carry it1
 he left me on the ground trying to get 

the thorn out of my foot4  ,whilst ,i   
was lying there in great pain1 ,i heard 
a cry of ,thieves6 thieves6--robbers6   
thieves6' and saw many men running back 
from the burning car to the town4  ,i   
learned afterwards that a great many    
robbers had laid their plans to enter   
the town quietly as soon as the         
inhabitants had left their houses and   
shops to join the ,goobbe-,appa         
procession4  ,the thieves did not       
accomplish all they planned to do1 but  
they stole very much valuable property4 
,all that happened at this festival     
served to convince ,daniel that         
,goobbe-,appa' was as helpless as any   
other idol1 and that the so-called      
worship was senseless4  ,this whole     
account of ,goobbe-,appa' shows how     
,hindoo ideas as to4  ,god and ,his     
worship differ from the ideas of        
,christians who have been favoured with 
the ,holy ,scriptures4  ,and the account
 will1 it is hoped1 excite pity for the 
,hindoo men1 women and children2 and    

induce the juvenile collectors1 as well 
as others1 to renewed efforts for       
sending more ,missionaries to ,india4   
,at the annual festival1 which lasts ten
 days1 the ,missionaries are fully      
engaged distributing tracts1 preaching1 
and conversing with serious inquirers   
who have come from distant towns and    
villages4  ,the accompanying sketch1 in 
which a ,missionary is preaching1 was   
taken near the entrance to the town of  
,goobbe1 close to the ,mantapa' in front
 of ,goobbe-,appa's' temple4  ,a mantapa
 is an open temple1 or halting-place for
 an idol on procession days4            
,,chapter ,,ten4  ,,the ,,idol ,,which  
,,shed ,,tears4  ,when ,daniel was about
 sixteen years of age1 the cholera broke
 out for the first time in ,goobbe4  ,it
 prevailed for about eighteen months1   
and many persons died of it every day4  
,the inhabitants of ,singonahully1 and  
of all the other villages round about1  
were in consequence very much afraid to 
enter the town4  ,one day1 during the   

prevalence of this disease1 an ass      
belonging to ,daniel's father was       
missing4  ,it had strayed1 and ,daniel  
went from ,singonahully towards ,goobbe 
in search of it1 but without any        
intention of entering the town4  ,on his
 way he met a great crowd of people4    
,there was in the crowd something       
different from anything of the kind he  
had ever seen4  ,he noticed that many of
 the people had their bodies painted    
yellow1 and there was to him something  
very strange in their appearance1 dress1
 and conduct4  ,as he was gazing at the 
people and walking slowly along1 he     
stumbled1 and fell over a dead body1    
probably a victim of the cholera4  ,he  
was very much alarmed2 and as he got up 
from the ground in agitation and terror1
 he saw his uncle coming towards him1   
who1 thinking ,daniel was going into the
 town of ,goobbe1 threatened to beat    
him1 and said1 in a very angry tone1    
,why are you going to that cursed place8
  ,to escape his uncle1 ,daniel run into

 the thickest part of the crowd1 and he 
then determined to go along with them1  
and see what was to be done4  ,as they  
proceeded slowly towards the large tank1
 7lake71 he saw that a few men near the 
front were carrying an image of clay in 
the shape of a woman4  ,she had been    
worshipped to avert cholera1 and now the
 worshippers were taking the idol to    
throw it into the tank1 as the last act 
of their devotional ceremony4  ,daniel  
was a close observer of all that was    
done1 and he saw at one time1 when those
 who carried the idol held it up higher 
than the heads of the people1 tears run 
out of its eyes4  ,many persons in the  
crowd saw the tears1 and they all fell  
prostrate before the image of clay1 and 
cried aloud1 ,o mother1 why are you     
shedding tears8  ,tell us what grieves  
you1 and we will do whatever you        
require4  ,the priest1 immediately      
pretending that the goddess had entered 
into him1 commanded1 as if the idol     
spake1 that more sacrifices should be   

offered4  ,on hearing this1 all the     
people stood still4  ,they did not go on
 towards the tank1 but remained just    
where they were1 until the animals could
 be brought for the chucklers to offer  
them in sacrifice4  ,the chucklers are  
the lowest class of persons in ,india1  
and to ,europeans it is unaccountable   
that1 under any circumstances1 they     
should be called upon to act as priests4
  ,but so it is1 in some localities4    
,they sacrifice to ,mari1 as the goddess
 who sends and takes away cholera and   
all epidemic diseases4  ,there is good  
ground for the opinion that these       
outcasts are the descendants of the     
original inhabitants of the country1 and
 that they have been subjected to       
degradation by a succession of          
conquerors4 ,their invaders found them  
with a creed1 and certain customs to    
avert diseases1 with which they have    
never interfered4  ,hence the present   
practice4  ,after the ,goobbe procession
 had waited a long time1 fifteen        

buffaloes and a few sheep were brought  
and sacrificed near the idol4 ,this     
having been done1 the weeping goddess   
was satisfied1 as shown by her shedding 
no more tears4  ,the people took this as
 a very favourable indication that the  
cholera would cease from that moment4   
,they proceeded to the tank1 threw the  
idol into it1 and returned to their     
homes rejoicing4  ,daniel1 who had      
witnessed all these proceedings1 had his
 curiosity excited1 and thought there   
must be some deception in the matter of 
the idol shedding tears4  ,and in this  
sceptical mood he went home to          
,singonahully perplexed1 but resolving  
to get at the truth if possible4  ,the  
idol had not been thrown into deep      
water1 and he determined to rise early  
next morning1 go to the tank1 and       
examine the head and eyes of the idol4  
,he did so1 and the following is his own
 account3 ,before daybreak ,i ran from  
my father's house to the place where ,i 
had seen the idol thrown into the water1

 and ,i found it1 just as it had been   
left the previous evening4  ,i saw many 
plantains1 cocoa-nuts1 and other things1
 which had been offered to the idol1    
scattered about on the ground4  ,such as
 were not spoiled1 ,i collected in order
 to take them home with me4  ,having    
done this1 ,i commenced my examination  
of the image4  ,i broke its head1 and   
the whole mystery was revealed at once4 
,i found in the head an earthen vessel1 
round as a ball1 with two small holes in
 it2 these corresponded with the eyes of
 the image2 and ,i perceived that when  
the vessel had a good quantity of water 
in it1 if those who carried the image   
made it lean forward a little1 a small  
quantity of water would ooze out of     
these holes1 and trickle down the face  
of the image like tears4  ,i rejoiced   
greatly that ,i had found out the trick 
by which the people had been deceived2  
and1 chuckling1 ,i took up the fruit    
which ,i had collected1 and went back to
 ,singonahully without anyone knowing   

what ,i had done4  ,i was afraid to take
 my load of cocoa-nuts and plantains to 
my father's house1 lest ,i should be    
questioned as to where ,i had been and  
what ,i had done2 so ,i hid all my booty
 in a hollow banyan tree outside the    
village1 and resorted to this           
store-house whenever ,i wanted a treat4 
,however1 when my young friends and     
others saw that every day ,i had an     
abundance of good things to eat1 they   
were desirous of knowing where ,i got   
them4 ,after a little delay1 ,i told one
 of my young friends1 not only where ,i 
obtained the fruit1 but also an that ,i 
had done with the idol4  ,he was        
terrified2 and running into the village1
 he published the whole affair4 ,the    
villagers were alarmed2 they feared some
 dreadful result1 and wondered at my    
wickedness4  ,from ,singonahully the    
news was soon carried to ,goobbe1 and ,i
 was summoned to appear before the chief
 magistrate of the town4  ,he heard all 
that my accusers had to say1 which ,i   

admitted to be true4  ,he was very      
angry1 and said to me1 ,on account of   
your wickedness1 the cholera has not    
been removed yet1 and as a punishment   
you must be imprisoned for a long time4'
  ,i was immediately sent to the jail2  
but after ,i had been confined there two
 or three days1 ,i had an opportunity of
 speaking to the magistrate2 and ,i then
 told him how the people had been       
deceived1 and cheated out of their sheep
 and buffaloes1 and how ,i had          
discovered the trick when ,i broke the  
head of the idol4 ,he was evidently     
annoyed1 either at the deception        
practised on the people or at the fact  
being discovered2 and after a few       
minutes' hesitation1 he released me from
 prison4    ,,chapter ,,eleven4         
,,daniel ,,in ,,trouble4  ,about that   
time ,daniel's mother became insane1 and
 her friends were all of opinion that   
she was possessed of an evil spirit4    
,this troubled ,daniel1 for he loved his
 mother very much4  ,the remedy for such

 cases was prescribed1 and the foolish  
ceremonies were duly performed by       
,daniel's father4  ,after several months
 the poor woman recovered1 and it was   
supposed by all the friends and         
neighbours that her cure was produced by
 the ceremonies1 charms1 and            
incantations which had been made4  ,it  
does not appear that ,daniel raised any 
objections to the performance of these  
superstitious ceremonies1 or1 on the    
other hand1 that he had any faith in    
their efficacy2 but he rejoiced greatly 
when his mother was restored to         
soundness of mind4  ,daniel says3 ,when 
,i was about nineteen years of age1 ,i  
gave myself up to many wicked practices1
 and my conduct for many months was very
 immoral4  ,our family was poor1 and ,i 
determined to leave ,singonahully for   
some place where ,i might get on a      
little better in the world4  ,but one of
 my uncles1 who was a wealthy man1      
interposed1 and took me to his house4   
,he set me to work in his fields1 and   

assist him generally in agricultural    
operations4  ,whilst so employed1 ,i    
wished to be married1 but met with two  
difficulties3 the first was poverty4    
,my father had no money2 and as the     
marriage ceremonies and feasts are      
always expensive1 ,i knew not what to   
do4  ,then there was another hindrance3 
the father of my intended wife withdrew 
the consent he had formerly given to the
 marriage1 on account of my conduct in  
connection with the cholera goddess4    
,but my generous uncle interposed1 and  
induced him to give his consent4  ,and  
then he removed the other difficulty by 
paying all the marriage expenses        
himself4  ,with this uncle we lived many
 years in ,goobbe2 and when he became an
 old man1 ,i managed his farm for him1  
and at the same time ,i carried on my   
work as village washerman4    ,,chapter 
,,twelve4  ,,the ,,first ,,sermon       
,,preached ,,in ,,goobbe4  ,on the #ast 
of ,september1 #ahcf1 ,goobbe received  
the first visit of a ,protestant        

,missionary4  ,the following is an      
extract from ,mr ,hodson's ,journal3    
,after spending a few days with ,captain
 7now ,general7 ,dobbs at ,toomcoor1 ,i 
rode over to ,goobbe1 a distance of     
twelve miles4  ,when ,i had arrived     
within about a mile of the town1 ,i was 
met by a number of the principal        
inhabitants1 who expected ,captain      
,dobbs4  ,on finding out their mistake1 
they politely paid me the compliments   
intended for their local governor4      
,they accompanied me to the gate of the 
city1' and their trumpeter gave notice  
to the whole town that a person of      
distinction' had arrived1 and it was    
very soon known to every one who loved  
to hear news that the visitor was a     
,missionary4  ,after breakfast1 which   
,captain ,dobbs' servant had prepared   
for me1 ,i went into some of the        
principal streets of ,goobbe to make my 
observations on the suitability of the  
place for a mission-station4  ,in one of
 the streets ,i met with a ,christian   

young man1 who had been schoolmaster at 
,toomcoor1 who rendered me some         
assistance4  ,after taking an extensive 
survey of the place1 ,i returned to the 
first gate1 and seeing a large shop1    
open to the street1 unoccupied1 ,i took 
possession of it1 and requested the     
young man above mentioned to read part  
of a ,canarese tract which he had in his
 hand4  ,a few people entered the room1 
but the greater number stood in the     
street1 about two feet below the shop4  
,novelty brought a congregation of about
 one hundred1 to whom1 after the young  
native man had done reading1 ,i gave a  
short address on the plan of salvation1 
and an exhortation to repent and believe
 in ,christ4  ,when this first little   
sermon was preached in ,goobbe1 ,daniel 
and his wife had been living there      
several years4  ,this day was the       
commencement of a new era in ,daniel's  
life4 ,hitherto1 from his youth up1     
though he despised idol-worship1 he knew
 nothing about the one true ,god4  ,like

 his neighbours1 he believed there were 
millions of gods1 who filled various    
offices in the government of the world4 
,he had heard of many incarnations of   
the chief deities1 whose good and evil  
actions are recorded in books held      
sacred by the ,hindoos4  ,he had very   
confused notions about a future state1  
but thought there would be a judgment'  
of some kind1 followed by rewards and   
punishments4  ,also1 like all other     
,hindoos1 he was of opinion that when a 
man dies his soul does not go direct to 
heaven or to hell1 but that it passes   
into some other body3 it may be the body
 of a human being1 or it may be into    
that of a beast1 a bird1 a fish1 or an  
insect4  ,and then1 after millions of   
migrations like these1 the soul either  
finds a permanent state of existence    
according to its fate1 or its identity  
is lost by being absorbed into deity4   
,shortly after ,daniel heard the first  
,gospel sermon1 ,mr ,franklin1 an       
assistant ,missionary1 was sent by ,mr  

,hodson from ,bangalore to ,goobbe1 to  
make certain arrangements for building a
 mission-house4  ,with him ,daniel had  
long and interesting conversations4  ,he
 says3 ,i was walking one morning with  
,mr ,franklin outside the town of       
,goobbe1 looking at some land which he  
thought would be suitable for building a
 mission-house upon1 and1 turning1 he   
saw some tombs4  ,he took hold of my    
hand1 and said1 ,what are those8'  ,i   
replied1 ,they are tombs--that is1 the  
place where the dead are buried4'  ,he  
added3 ,you and ,i must die and be      
buried4  ,we shall turn to dust2 but    
there will be a resurrection of the     
bodies of all men1 the raised body will 
be re-united with its soul1 and dwell   
for1 ever either in happiness or in     
misery4  ,the true worshippers of the   
one true ,god will go to heaven1 and the
 others to hell4  ,these truths are     
written in the ,christian's ,shastras4  
,mr ,hodson and ,i intend coming to live
 at ,goobbe1 and then we will teach all 

the people the way to heaven4'  ,i was  
not much impressed with what he said    
about the ,christian ,scriptures1 but   
replied1 ,when ,mr ,hodson comes1 ,i    
hope ,i shall be employed by him as his 
washerman8'    ,,chapter ,,thirteen4    
,,wesleyan ,,mission ,,commenced ,,at   
,,goobbe4  ,in ,april1 #ahcg1 ,mr and   
,mrs ,hodson went to live at ,goobbe4   
,at first they dwelt in tents1 and then 
they built a little cottage1 of which   
the accompanying sketch gives a fair    
representation4  ,the walls1 about six  
feet high1 were made of mud1 the roof   
was thatch1 and the rooms were small and
 few4  ,but the ,missionary and his wife
 found it very comfortable when the     
weather was fine1 though when it rained 
they were subject to many little        
inconveniences4  ,this mission cottage1 
situated on the brow of a rising ground1
 commanded a pleasant and extensive     
prospect4  ,in the front there was a    
view over hill and dale1 wood and water1
 for fifty or sixty miles4  ,on one side

 the low flat lands1 well watered from a
 large tank1 were covered with rich     
crops of rice4  ,on other sides there   
were patches of varied cultivation1     
interspersed with clumps of trees1 as   
well as large tracts of uncultivated    
land1 used as common pasturage for all  
the cattle of the town4  ,to these      
unenclosed grounds cows1 sheep1         
etcetera1 were driven out every morning1
 and after grazing all day1 were brought
 back into the town of ,goobbe every    
evening4  ,occasionally1 a shepherd's   
boy1 reclining on the ground near his   
sheep1 played sweetly on an instrument1 
newly made by himself out of some hollow
 vegetable stalk1 but which in an hour  
or two1 on its becoming dry or injured1 
he would break and throw away as a      
useless bruised reed4'  ,the ,missionary
 has often sat at his cottage door      
admiring these beauties of nature1 when 
unexpectedly a few graceful timid       
antelopes have run across the garden in 
front of him1 adding life as well as    

beauty to the scene4  ,on a ,sunday     
morning he often fancied every thing    
appeared clearer1 brighter and more     
beautiful than on other days4  ,there   
was1 however1 one dark cloud hanging    
over all this loveliness1 in the fact   
that the town of ,goobbe1 just at the   
foot of the hill was wholly given to    
idolatry3    ,every prospect pleases1   
,only man is vile4  ,the ,missionary and
 his assistant went forth daily from    
their poor abodes carrying the riches of
 the ,gospel either into one of the     
streets of ,goobbe1 or to some of the   
numerous villages within seven or eight 
miles of the mission cottage1 and       
preached in the open air to as many     
people as they could collect2 and when a
 congregation could not be obtained1    
they went from house to house1 and thus 
made known the plan of salvation4  ,when
 they went the first time to any village
 the people stood in the attitude of    
attention1 but what they heard was so   
new1 that more of wonder than           

intelligence was manifested by all4     
,after a few visits1 when information   
had increased a little1 there was still 
a manifest disinclination to accept the 
truth4  ,because1 for a ,hindu to be    
told that in order to salvation he must 
forsake the idols which his forefathers 
have worshipped for hundreds of years1  
and adopt the creed laid down in the    
,shastras of another nation1 is to him  
the height of absurdity4  ,and it very  
frequently happened that at the         
conclusion of a sermon the ,missionary  
would hear some one say1 ,very good1 all
 very true2 your religion is good for   
you1 and ours is good for us4  ,very few
 of the people were able to read1 so    
that the distribution of tracts was very
 limited4  ,they invited all serious    
enquirers to the cottage to talk about  
,christianity4  ,amongst the women who  
came1 some had sickly children with     
them4  ,on seeing this1 ,mrs ,hodson    
administered some simple medicines1     
which cured several1 and their parents  

attributing the cure to the favour of   
the ,missionary's ,god1 they were for a 
time very anxious to hear more about    
,jesus ,christ4  ,reports of these cures
 were exaggerated1 and so mixed up with 
the ,new ,testament accounts of the     
miracles performed by ,jesus ,christ in 
raising the dead1 opening the eyes of   
the blind1 etcetera1 that one poor woman
 brought her child1 who had been blind  
three years1 in hopes that ,mrs ,hodson 
would be able to restore its sight4     
,amongst the more intelligent visitors  
was ,daniel3 and one evening1 just after
 the tent1 as a residence1 had been     
abandoned for the thatched cottage1 ,mrs
 ,hodson went with her husband to see   
,daniel's village1 ,singonahully4  ,no  
,english lady had ever been in the      
village before1 so that there was       
considerable excitement produced by the 
visit4  ,mr ,hodson says1 ,as we drew   
near to the gate of the village we saw  
two or three boys running to let their  
parents and others know that the        

,missionary and his wife were coming4   
,on entering1 ,daniel showed us his     
house1 and in a very short time nearly  
all the people of the village1 men1     
women1 and children1 were gathered      
together4  ,having such a large         
congregation1 ,mr ,hodson preached a    
short sermon1 but with very little good 
effect1 especially on the minds of the  
women1 for their attention was evidently
 much more occupied with the shape1     
colour and material of ,mrs ,hodson's   
dress than with anything her husband    
said to them4    ,,chapter ,,fourteen4  
,,village ,,washerman4  ,daniel was by  
this time regularly installed as        
,mission ,washerman4  ,there is no such 
person as a washerwoman amongst the     
,hindoos4  ,men do the washing in       
,india1 and their manner of doing it is 
very different from the ,english mode4  
,instead of using wash-tubs1 etcetera1  
etcetera1 as an ,english washerwoman    
does1 the ,indian washerman loads a     
donkey or two with the dirty clothes1   

takes them to a tank of good clean      
water1 and there1 in the open air1 he   
performs all his purifying operations4  
,close to the water's edge there is     
placed a sloping piece of wood1 or a    
large flat stone4  ,the washerman       
standing close to it1 dips the cloth or 
garment into the water1 and taking hold 
of one end gives the other1 which has   
been dipped1 a good swing in the air and
 brings it down on the wood or stone    
with a heavy splashing thump4  ,this is 
repeated again and again1 until the     
cloth or garment is clean4  ,it is then 
laid out on the grass or rock to dry4   
,in this way ,daniel and his relatives  
had done all the washing required by the
 farmers and others1 in ,goobbe and     
,singonahully1 for many years4  ,in     
their cases ironing or mangling was     
never thought of4  ,when1 therefore1    
,daniel was sent for to do the          
,mission-house washing and ironing1 he  
expressed his readiness to do the       
former1 but doubted his ability to      

perform the latter1 and expressed many  
fears4  ,but ,mrs ,hodson shewed him how
 to wash and also to iron her dresses in
 the way she wished to have them done4  
,she made him a present of an iron1     
taught him how to use it1 so that1 in   
due time1 his work was pronounced       
satisfactory1 and it was acknowledged by
 all that ,daniel stood at the head of  
his profession--that his skill exceeded 
that of any other washerman within a    
circuit of many miles round ,goobbe4    
,this little act of kindness in giving  
the iron to ,daniel1 was gratefully     
remembered by him as long as he could   
remember anything1 and he would         
occasionally shew it to visitors4       
,under other circumstances he would     
doubtless have worshipped that smoothing
 iron as his forefathers did the old    
swords4    ,,chapter ,,fifteen4  ,,first
 ,,mission-,,house ,,at ,,goobbe4  ,mrs 
,hodson laid the foundation brick of the
 ,goobbe ,mission ,house on the #bdth of
 ,may1 #ahch4  ,the building was        

finished on the #agth of ,august        
following1 and cost #ahj pounds4  ,a few
 days after it was finished1 ,mr and    
,mrs ,john ,jenkins1 with their child1  
came to live at ,goobbe1 and had half   
the new house 7namely1 one large room   
and two small ones7 given up to them2   
the two mission families cheerfully     
sacrificing a few comforts for the      
benefit of having an additional preacher
 in the ,circuit4  ,we have seen how    
,daniel1 even when a lad1 and without   
the gospel1 treated idols and idolatry2 
but after the gospel had been preached  
to him and to his neighbours1 the people
 of his village came round very much to 
his opinion1 greatly to the             
encouragement of the ,missionaries4     
,,chapter ,,sixteen4  ,,an ,,abandoned  
,,heathen ,,temple4  ,on the #aath of   
,october1 #ahci1 ,mr ,arthur joined ,mr 
,jenkins at ,goobbe1 and by that time   
the fruit of past labour was beginning  
to appear2 not in the shape of          
individual conversions1 but in an       

extensive neglect of idol-worship1      
particularly in ,singonahully4  ,mr     
,arthur gives the following account3    
,about the time of my arrival1 the      
inhabitants of the place declared that  
they had abandoned idolatry1 and would  
no more honour the temple of ,runga4    
,to test their sincerity1 ,mr ,jenkins  
one morning1 asked them whether he might
 go to the temple4  ,o1 by all means4'  
,might we enter8'  ,yes2 go where you   
like4'  ,might we enter without taking  
off our shoes8'  ,certainly2 we don't   
care who goes1 or how3 we have given up 
the idol4'  ,this was strong proof that 
their old feelings had vanished2 and1   
accordingly1 at the temple we found no  
obstacle to our entrance4  ,shod and    
covered1 we passed up through the outer 
apartment to the sanctuary1 where sat   
the grim image of ,runga1 incrusted in  
the congealed oil and ghee of many      
anointings1 with the lightless lamp     
before him1 faded garlands hanging round
 his neck1 loads of dust settled on his 

person1 and part of the roof falling in 
directly above4  ,no room remained for  
doubt4  ,the faith which once adored    
,runga had changed into contempt2 and we
 rejoiced over that forsaken idol1 as an
 earnest of better days4  ,on afterwards
 enquiring what induced them to withdraw
 the confidence they had so long reposed
 in ,runga1 they answered1 ,you1'       
7meaning the ,missionaries71 told us    
that the god did not protect us1 but    
that we protected the god2 that if we   
only left him alone1 we should see that 
he could not take care of himself2 and  
if he could not take care of himself1   
how could he take care of us8  ,now we  
thought that was a buddhi matu1' 7a word
 of sense71 and so we resolved to see   
whether he could take care of himself or
 not2 for we felt certain that if he    
could not take care of himself1 it was  
out of the question that he could take  
care of us4  ,accordingly we            
discontinued pooja 7worship74  ,we soon 
found he could not keep the lamp        

burning1 nor the garlands fresh1 nor the
 temple clean1 nor do a single thing for
 himself4  ,the lamp went out1 the      
flowers withered1 the temple became     
dirty2 and then1' 7they added1 laughing7
 the roof fell in1 just over his head1  
and there he sat1 soommanay 7tamely7    
under it2 so we saw very well he could  
not take care of himself4               
,notwithstanding all this1 we had some  
fears that the return of their annual   
feast-day would revive their love for   
heathenish merry-makings with a force   
too strong for their new convictions4   
,the day came1 and we watched the       
village narrowly4  ,there was no car1 no
 procession1 no music3 and1 when night  
came1 no tom-tom was beaten1 no rocket  
sent up1 nor any other sign that it was 
the day of ,runga4'  ,one morning1 when 
preaching in the village1 ,i observed   
that the old man who used to conduct the
 services of the temple1 was not in the 
congregation2 and feeling1 for the      
moment1 a suspicion lest he should have 

returned to his former occupation1 ,i   
asked1 ,where is the poojari8'  ,a young
 man instantly replied1 smiling1 and    
patting his person1 ,o1 he has gone to  
the fields with the cattle3 now that the
 temple is given up1 he must do         
something for his stomach4'    ,,chapter
 ,,seventeen4  ,,an ,,idol ,,thrown     
,,out ,,of ,a ,,temple4  ,mr ,male1 who 
succeeded ,mr ,jenkins at ,goobbe1 has  
left upon record a further account of   
what happened to the idol ,runga4  ,he  
says1 ,one day in ,august1 #ahdb1 as ,i 
was returning from ,toomcoor to ,goobbe1
 ,i overtook a ,brahman1 and in the     
course of conversation he enquired      
whether or not ,i had heard of what had 
befallen ,singonahully ,runga ,swami4   
,i replied that ,i had not4  ,he then   
said1 ,runga ,swami has been thrown out 
of his temple1 and is now outside the   
door among the stones4'  ,well1' ,i     
said1 what do you think will be done8'  
,he answered1 ,why1 formerly1 a great   
deal of money would have been collected1

 and with it many things would have been
 done to purify the god2 and then he    
would have been replaced in the temple2 
but now the people care nothing about   
it1 no money will be given and nothing  
will be done4  ,if anything be said to  
the people of the village on the        
subject1 they will say1 ,what can we do8
  ,we have nothing to give3 we did not  
throw the god out1 etcetera1 etcetera4' 
,mr ,male adds1 ,the remarks of the     
,brahman were very true1 for the people 
did not do anything to reinstate the    
idol4  ,i spoke to them several times   
about the downfall of their god1 but    
they made very light of the matter4     
,however1 after the idol had been thus  
degraded for many weeks1 some villagers1
 out of pity to the poor old priest1    
promised that they would reinstate the  
idol when they had money enough to pay  
for all the ceremonies4  ,the priest1   
therefore1 in order to preserve the idol
 from further indignities1 and also to  
commence the process of purification1   

put it into a well near the temple1 to  
remain there1 until the villagers       
performed their promise4  ,the next     
event1 cheering to the ,missionaries1   
was the baptism of ,daniel4    ,,chapter
 ,,eighteen4  ,,baptism ,,of ,,daniel4  
,in the beginning of #ahdc1 the mind of 
,daniel was brought under a very        
powerful and gracious influence of the  
,holy ,spirit1 which produced an ardent 
desire for salvation4  ,hitherto he had 
been an opponent of idolatry1 and he had
 manifested an interest in the doctrines
 of ,christianity1 but he had never     
shown any deep conviction of his        
sinfulness and danger1 nor any desire to
 obtain pardon and purity4  ,he had been
 a diligent hearer of the ,word of ,god1
 and he had studied its truths well4    
,the ,missionaries had established a    
school in ,singonahully1 and visited it 
regularly to examine the boys4  ,at     
these times many of the parents         
attended1 and took great interest in the
 progress of their children4  ,daniel   

used very frequently to sit in the      
school listening to the lessons1 and1   
though he was never able to read        
himself1 he had his children taught1 and
 made them read the ,scriptures to him  
day by day for many years4  ,he was     
blessed with a very retentive memory and
 with good common sense1 so that he had 
a very fair acquaintance with the       
history1 the biography1 and the         
doctrinal teaching of both the ,old and 
the ,new ,testament4  ,and now1 to this 
knowledge1 there was added that special 
working of the ,holy ,spirit1 which     
produced deep conviction of sin1 and an 
anxious desire to escape eternal        
punishment4  ,he says1 ,i regularly     
attended the preaching of the           
,missionaries1 and always felt          
interested in what they taught1 but ,i  
did not feel any serious concern for    
salvation until ,mr ,hardey came to live
 at ,goobbe4  ,under his teaching and   
prayers ,i was brought to a better mind2
 but even then there were some sins     

which ,i did not wish to give up4  ,i   
wanted to save my soul and yet retain   
some pecuniary advantages connected with
 heathenism4  ,i and my family had often
 conversed about our all becoming       
,christians1 and they1 everyone of them1
 always declared that they would follow 
me4  ,this cheered and comforted me4    
,but1 for a long time1 as often as ,i   
decided to go and open my mind to the   
,missionaries1 so often did some strong 
temptation turn me aside4  ,i feared my 
uncle who had been very kind to me4     
,and then ,i thought1 all my relations  
will disown me1 and they will unite with
 other heathens in persecuting me1 so   
that my life will be made miserable4    
,thus ,i went on month after month4     
,but at length1 in answer to prayer1 ,i 
received power to decide for ,christ and
 against the world4  ,i went immediately
 and told ,mr ,hardey all that was in my
 heart4 ,after this1 he and             
,nallamuttoo1 the ,catechist1 daily     
instructed me and prayed with me for    

many weeks4  ,i felt the benefit of this
 teaching1 and by ,divine aid ,i was    
able to say1 ,i give up all for         
,christ4'  ,one day while under this    
course of instruction1 ,i felt very     
anxious to be baptised without further  
delay1 and ,i asked ,mr ,hardey to fix  
upon a day for the baptism4  ,this being
 done ,i went home and told my wife and 
children what ,i had done3 and they all 
said1 we will do as you do4' ,mr ,male  
was at this time living in ,mysore1 but 
as he had known and instructed me before
 ,messrs4 ,hardey and ,sanderson came to
 live at ,goobbe1 he was requested by   
them to come and perform this sacrament 
of baptism4  ,on his arrival he had a   
long conversation with me4  ,he asked me
 many questions1 warned me as to coming 
persecutions1 and exhorted me to        
watchfulness1 prayer1 and faith4  ,i    
said1 ,i believe that in every          
difficulty ,god will be my friend and   
protector4  ,by ,divine help1 ,i shall  
be able to endure3 and ,i am prepared to

 give up all for ,christ4'  ,the day    
fixed for the baptism was ,sunday1 the  
#acth of ,august1 #ahdc2 and the place  
was the ,goobbe chapel1 near the fort   
gate1 not the present chapel1 but the   
one which was first built in that       
locality4  ,out of curiosity many came  
to see a baptism1 and amongst them      
several of ,daniel's relatives4  ,mr    
,male conducted the usual ,sunday       
morning service1 and the large          
congregation was very attentive1 both   
during the sermon and whilst he read a  
portion of the baptismal service2 but   
when by his movements it became evident 
to those natives in the congregation who
 were nearest to him that he was about  
to make some use of the water1 which was
 in the vessel on a table in front of   
him1 they shrunk back upon the people   
behind them1 and in a moment there was a
 panic4  ,some1 not knowing exactly how 
the water would be used1 and fearing    
that a drop or two might by chance fall 
on them1 so as to make them ,christians 

without their consent1 rushed to the    
door2 others1 in ignorance1 followed2   
and as all tried to get out of the      
chapel at once1 the doorway was soon    
blocked up4  ,then a few men scrambled  
out at the windows2 and in the scuffle  
two or three children were knocked down1
 but no one was seriously hurt4  ,the   
confusion and noise put a stop to the   
sacred service for several minutes4     
,but when all the congregation had gone 
out except ,daniel and his four sons1   
,mr ,male proceeded with the service    
without further interruption4  ,the     
people who had escaped out of the chapel
 remained near to it in the street until
 the service was over4  ,a few peeped in
 at the open door and windows to gratify
 their curiosity4 ,the father was named 
,daniel1 and his four sons were named   
respectively ,john1 ,peter1 ,timothy1   
,samuel4  ,there were some hindrances in
 the way of ,daniel's wife being        
baptised with her husband and children2 
but as ,mr ,male happened to be passing 

through ,goobbe six months afterwards1  
he baptised her then1 giving her the    
name of ,sarah1 as previously fixed     
upon4  ,after the baptism of ,daniel and
 ,sarah they continued to live in the   
village of ,singonahully1 without any   
serious persecution from their heathen  
neighbours4  ,this may1 perhaps1 be     
accounted for on the ground that the    
villagers having no love for idolatry1  
generally approved of ,daniel's conduct 
in embracing ,christianity4    ,,chapter
 ,,nineteen4  ,,daniel ,,and ,,the      
,,village ,,priest4  ,after his baptism 
,daniel was very consistent in his      
conduct as a ,christian1 and in a quiet 
way attempted to promote the spiritual  
well-being of his neighbours4  ,he was  
well qualified by his knowledge of the  
,scriptures to set forth the truth as it
 is in ,jesus2 and was ready always to  
give an answer to every man that asked  
him a reason of the hope that was in him
 with meekness and fear2 and his word   
was often accompanied with divine power4

  ,he had long disputations with the    
village priest1 7a nephew of the man who
 was priest when the idol was thrown out
 of the temple74  ,his case is a very   
interesting one4  ,he was a sincere     
enquirer1 and became a regular attendant
 at ,daniel's family prayer4  ,he said  
one day to the ,missionary1 ,although ,i
 have walked daily several miles to     
gather flowers1 after bathing and       
putting on my temple garments2 although 
,i have gone into the temple and made   
offerings to the idol2 although ,i have 
done all this in sincerity to the       
present time--this idol1 neither in my  
dreams nor when awake1 has ever said1   
,thy sins are forgiven thee4'  ,although
 from fear lest the idol should destroy 
me1 ,i have fasted and prayed1 it never 
said to me1 ,thou shalt escape hell and 
enjoy heaven4'  ,therefore the idol is a
 lie1 and ,i forsake it4  ,i embrace    
,jesus ,christ as my ,saviour and my    
,god4  ,mr ,walker gives the following  
account of him3--,a few days ago1 just  

as ,i was leaving the village of        
,singonahully1 after preaching1 ,i saw  
the poojari with his guitar in his hand1
 going off to another village to beg his
 bread for the day4  ,i stopped him1 and
 we entered into conversation on the sin
 of idol-worship4  ,i told him that in  
order to obtain salvation it was        
absolutely necessary for him to abandon 
his idols and embrace ,christ as his    
only and present ,saviour4  ,he tried to
 appear unconcerned1 and said1 ,it is   
getting late2 ,i must go for alms1' and 
left me4  ,in a few days he came to the 
,goobbe ,chapel1 and after the sermon ,i
 spoke pointedly to him1 asking him1 in 
the presence of the whole congregation1 
if he was desirous of obtaining         
salvation4  ,he said1 ,i am4'  ,i asked 
if his idols could save him4  ,he       
answered1 ,no4'  ,i then said1 ,if you  
will1 with all your heart1 believe in   
,christ and become ,his disciple1 ,he   
will save you4'  ,throughout this       
conversation all the people looked at   

him in amazement4  ,after a few days ,i 
went again to ,singonahully1 and saw the
 poojari in company with ,daniel4  ,i   
preached to a small congregation from a 
part of the eighth ,chapter of ,saint   
,matthew's ,gospel2 and in my sermon ,i 
proved the divinity of our ,lord ,jesus 
,christ from the miraculous cure he     
wrought upon the leper4  ,i showed to   
them the leprosy of sin2 and after      
dwelling upon the awful consequences of 
sin1 ,i exhorted the people to seek for 
the healing of their spiritual maladies 
by faith in ,jesus ,christ4  ,this done1
 the poojari and ,daniel accompanied me 
to my house4  ,at ,daniel's request ,i  
read the parable of the ,pharisee and   
,publican1 and commented on it4  ,the   
next morning the poojari came to my     
house again1 and said he wished to be   
baptised4  ,i exhorted him to stand     
steadfast1 by faith in ,christ1 and then
 prayed with him4  ,he appeared to be   
deeply affected4  ,he came with ,daniel 
to our next ,class-meeting1 and joined  

heartily in our devotions4 ,in a day or 
two he came to my house again1 and gave 
me the idol which he and his family had 
worshipped for many years4  ,he then    
went home1 and told his wife what he had
 done with the idol1 and that he had    
made up his mind to become a ,christian4
  ,his wife on hearing this began to    
beat her breast and cry bitterly4  ,she 
threatened to go to the mission-house1  
pull out her tongue and die there4  ,the
 heathen people in ,singonahully1       
hearing that the priest had given ,mr   
,walker the idol which he and his family
 had worshipped1 became alarmed1 and    
secured the keys of a temple inside the 
village1 where the priest officiated    
daily1 lest the idol in it should also  
be taken and given to the ,missionary4  
,after a few days the priest's wife     
ceased her opposition1 and began herself
 to converse with ,daniel's wife and    
others about the truths of              
,christianity4  ,the villagers annoyed  
the priest in every possible way4  ,as  

he could not remain peaceably in his own
 house1 he left the village1 and the    
,missionary gave him a room on the      
mission premises4  ,sunday1 ,december   
#bjth1 #ahdf1 was the day fixed on for  
the baptism4  ,the place was the chapel 
in which ,daniel had been baptised about
 three years previously4 ,the           
congregation was unusually large1 and a 
solemn awe rested upon the people4  ,the
 interest increased as the service      
proceeded4  ,vysha ,runga was the       
priest's heathen name4  ,after he had   
answered all the questions proposed to  
him in the presence of the congregation1
 he was baptised in the name of the     
,father1 the ,son1 and the ,holy ,ghost1
 and was henceforth known by the name of
 ,abraham4  ,on the same day he         
voluntarily took food with the other    
,christians1 as a public announcement   
that he had broken his caste4  ,the     
,missionaries considered that ,daniel   
was the chief instrument1 in the hands  
of ,god1 of this man's conversion4      

,,chapter ,,twenty4  ,,daniel ,,made ,a 
,,marriage ,,for ,,his ,,son4  ,in the  
year #ahdh ,daniel made a marriage for  
his son1 and the ,missionaries fearing  
that he might go to some excess either  
in expenditure or in some worldly       
conformity1 gave him special warning1   
and watched over the preparations with  
anxious care4  ,on the wedding day a    
great number of the friends of both     
families assembled1 and amongst them    
were many heathens4  ,there were present
 some who at one time had manifested the
 greatest hostility to ,daniel on       
account of his baptism4 ,they had       
refused him access to their houses1 and 
invoked the most dreadful calamities    
upon him and his family for renouncing  
the religion of his fathers4  ,however1 
in many things ,daniel had prospered3   
the blessing of ,god upon his diligence 
had placed him in better circumstances  
than he was in when he embraced         
,christianity4  ,there was a cheerful   
generosity in his manner which was well 

calculated to remove unpleasant         
feelings1 whilst respect was gained by  
his consistent ,christian deportment4   
,this was an illustration of the        
proverb1 ,when a man's ways please the  
,lord he maketh even his enemies to be  
at peace with him4  ,after the marriage 
ceremony was over1 all went together to 
,daniel's house1 which was not large    
enough to contain half of them4  ,but he
 had1 as is usual on festive occasions1 
erected a temporary covering at the     
front part of the house1 which was very 
cool and pleasant4  ,here at eight      
o'clock in the evening the marriage     
supper commenced1 and without a drawback
 of any kind all went on very           
pleasantly4  ,but the ,missionaries felt
 anxious lest there should be1 through  
mistaken kindness1 a yielding in some   
degree to the customs followed at       
heathen weddings4  ,they therefore      
determined to go from the mission-house 
to ,singonahully1 so as to arrive about 
the time when the supper would be over1 

and heathens1 on such occasions1 would  
commence their music1 dancing1 etcetera4
  ,they thought that if any ill-advised 
arrangements had been contemplated they 
would thus be averted2 and also that    
their presence would be a mark of       
interest felt in the happiness of the   
newly-married pair4  ,the delight of the
 ,missionaries may be imagined when1 as 
they approached the house1 they not only
 found all to be peace and good order1  
but what was more gratifying1 the       
bridegroom was reading a ,chapter of the
 ,new ,testament1 and ,daniel was       
commenting1 at proper intervals1 upon   
what was read1 endeavouring to explain  
and apply the words4  ,the ,missionaries
 sat down in the temporary verandah1    
where they spent a happy half-hour with 
the wedding party in religious          
conversation and prayer4  ,daniel was   
full of joy4  ,this was his family      
prayer on a larger scale than usual4    
,he said to all present1 with gratitude 
to ,god1 ,when ,i became a ,christian1  

my neighbours told me that ,i should    
never be able to get my children        
married1 nor even to procure bread for  
my family4  ,but ,god has supplied all  
my wants4  ,whatever ,i have needed ,he 
has given1 and ,i have no fears as to   
the future4  ,the ,missionaries returned
 home truly thankful to ,god for this   
instance of ,his preserving grace4      
,,chapter ,,twenty ,,one4  ,,the        
,,goobbe ,,circuit ,,given ,,up4  ,up to
 this time ,daniel had been sustained by
 ,divine power against all the          
opposition of his enemies4  ,he had been
 tried and found faithful4 ,but now he  
had to endure trial from the conduct of 
his best friends--the ,missionaries and 
the ,missionary ,committee4  ,in the    
year #ahea1 the ,society was in debt to 
a large amount1 so that retrenchment was
 resorted to1 and the ,mysore ,district 
was one of the sufferers4  ,in this     
difficulty the ,district ,meeting       
decided to abandon the ,goobbe ,circuit4
 ,in accordance with this decision1 not 

only were the ,missionaries removed1 but
 the ,goobbe mission-house1 the ,goobbe 
chapel1 in which ,daniel had been       
baptised1 the school-rooms1 and all     
other buildings1 were sold4  ,when the  
idol was tumbled out of the temple1     
,christianity triumphed2 and when the   
house of ,god was sold1 heathenism      
triumphed4 ,that was not only a bitter  
day to good old ,daniel1 but a terrible 
blow to the cause of ,christ in ,goobbe4
  ,enquirers after the way of salvation 
enquired no more4  ,some who had taken a
 few steps in the narrow path turned    
back1 and never entered it again2 while 
every heathen priest found in this      
breaking up of the ,mission a powerful  
argument to keep his disciples out of   
the way to heaven4  ,whenever ,daniel   
went from his own village to ,goobbe1 he
 was derided by the heathen1 as ,pilgrim
 was at ,vanity ,fair4  ,the blasphemy  
and ridicule with which he was assailed 
were almost unbearable4  ,one day       
especially he was most severely tried4  

,as he was going along one of the       
principal streets some of the lewd      
fellows of the baser sort' were most    
insulting and abusive2 and a few        
shopkeepers joined them in ridiculing   
the ,christian4  ,his own account is    
this3 ,some said1 ,what6 did your       
,missionaries leave ,goobbe because they
 had no food8  ,they had nothing to eat1
 so they sold the bungalow1 and the     
schools1 and even ,god's house6  ,such  
is your fate4  ,have they given you any 
of the money to live upon8  ,i replied1 
,god will not forsake me4  ,when ,i was 
an enemy to ,god1 ,he protected and took
 care of me2 and now ,i am ,his child1  
will ,he forsake me8  ,never6  ,they    
said1 ,will your ,god maintain you if   
you sit doing nothing at home8  ,i      
answered1 ,it is idleness to sit quietly
 at home4  ,god has given me strength   
and a mind to work for my living4  ,one 
said1 ,you spoiled your caste when you  
had every comfort2 you are mad4  ,one   
man1 without attempting to ridicule1    

said solemnly1 ,all that has happened to
 him was his fate2 it was written in his
 forehead2 let him alone4  ,of course   
,daniel was much distressed4  ,he went  
home quite cast down1 and in tears told 
his wife how the people had ridiculed   
him1 and how dejected he felt4  ,but she
 comforted him by saying--,we are called
 to bear all these reproaches for       
,christ's sake1 and ,he will support us 
under them2 ,he will never forsake us4  
,at night he had a portion of ,god's    
,word read to him as usual1 and at      
family prayer he was much comforted3 his
 faith and hope were strengthened4  ,in 
this way he went on for four or five    
years1 without any human help except an 
occasional visit from a ,missionary1    
who1 on a preaching tour1 turned aside  
to spend a few hours with him4  ,daniel 
says1 ,one day the ,reverend ,messrs4   
,sanderson and ,hardey called to see us1
 and ,i exclaimed1 ,o1 ,sirs1 we are    
left here as sheep without a shepherd4  
,you have planted a young tree1 but it  

is dying for want of water4  ,the people
 reproach us1 saying1 ,your             
,missionaries having no food1 have sold 
the mission-house1 the schools1 and even
 the house of ,god4' ,messrs4 ,sanderson
 and ,hardey did and said all they could
 to comfort and encourage the few       
forsaken ,christians1 and their effort  
was not in vain4    ,,chapter ,,twenty  
,,two4  ,,the ,,goobbe ,,circuit        
,,recommenced4  ,in the course of three 
or four years there was an improvement  
in the pecuniary circumstances of the   
,missionary ,society1 and arrangements  
were made for recruiting the ,mysore    
,district4  ,in connection with these   
changes1 ,mr ,hodson returned to ,india4
  ,he landed at ,madras ,january #ast1  
#ahed4  ,after being detained there     
several months1 he went to live at      
,bangalore1 and paid his first visit to 
,goobbe on the #afth of ,april1 #ahee4  
,he found the old mission-house in a    
very dilapidated state4  ,it had become 
the property of ,government1 and was    

used as a travellers' bungalow--a public
 rest-house for every traveller passing 
that way who needed accommodation4  ,mr 
,hodson and ,daniel soon had an         
interview1 and the past days of trial   
were brought under review4  ,in the     
midst of all difficulties and           
persecutions ,daniel had kept the       
faith4'  ,in his conversation with ,mr  
,hodson1 he referred to the time when   
the first sermon was preached in        
,goobbe1 his being employed by ,mrs     
,hodson1 his conviction of sin1 and his 
baptism4  ,he stated with wonderful     
correctness many events that had        
happened in the ,mission from its       
commencement to that day2 and some of   
them were referred to with deep feeling4
  ,when ,mr ,hodson said1 ,we will try  
to re-purchase this house1 build a new  
chapel1 and put a ,missionary to live at
 ,goobbe again1--the good man wept with 
joy4  ,he said that this revival of the 
,mission had been his prayer and hope   
ever since the ,missionaries went away4 

,the ,government re-sold the            
mission-house to ,mr ,hodson for the sum
 they had paid the ,mission for it4     
,under ,mr ,sullivan's care the house   
was put into complete repair1 and a good
 substantial chapel was built in the    
town of ,goobbe4  ,mr ,hodson preached  
the opening sermon1 ,june #abth1 #ahfj4 
,,chapter ,,twenty ,,three4  ,a         
,,converted ,,village ,,blacksmith4  ,we
 have already seen how ,daniel tried to 
bring his heathen neighbours into the   
way to heaven2 but another instance of  
his successful efforts is given by ,mr  
,sullivan1 the then resident            
,missionary3 ,runga was a blacksmith1 a 
very immoral man1 who lived in          
,singonahully4  ,daniel instructed him  
and warned him4  ,he told him of heaven 
and hell2 showed him that unless he     
repented and believed in ,christ he     
could not be saved4  ,sometimes ,runga  
was attentive1 and his case seemed      
hopeful1 but at other times it was quite
 the reverse4  ,at length he yielded to 

,daniel's invitation1 and attended      
morning and evening in ,daniel's house  
at the time for family devotions4       
,after that he began to attend divine   
service in the ,singonahully chapel4    
,he was ridiculed and persecuted by the 
heathen1 but he held on his way4  ,these
 means of grace were blessed to him4    
,he became penitent1 and brought forth  
the fruits of repentance4 ,the          
reformation in his conduct was evident  
to all who observed him4 ,from being a  
drunkard he became a sober man2 and he  
resolved never to take another drop of  
intoxicating liquor--a resolution which 
he faithfully kept to the day of his    
death4  ,he also became industrious1 so 
that his wife and children1 who had     
formerly been half starved1 and who were
 covered with rags and dirt1 now        
experienced a wonderful change4 ,they   
had abundance of good food1 were well   
clothed1 and their house1 as well as    
their persons1 was always neat and      
clean4  ,but ,daniel1 though pleased    

with this outward reformation1 was not  
satisfied2 he knew that something more  
was necessary4  ,he persevered in       
exhortation and prayer for the man's    
conversion to ,god2 and he wished him to
 make an open confession of his faith by
 baptism4  ,as often as ,daniel pressed 
this duty upon him1 so often did ,runga 
declare1 ,i am not worthy to be called a
 ,christian2 ,i am not worthy to be as  
you are4  ,i believe in ,christ for     
salvation1 but ,i am too vile to be     
honoured with baptism4'  ,one day1 by   
way of showing that he had done with    
idolatry1 he took a number of iron      
things--not idols1 but instruments that 
had been used in idolatrous ceremonies  
by himself and his forefathers--and with
 his own hands he made them into        
reaping-hooks and other useful farming  
instruments1 preceding his work by the  
declaration1 ,these things won't be     
wanted any more in their present shape1 
so ,i will make something useful of     
them4' ,when he was attacked by a fatal 

disease1 some of the villagers said to  
him exultingly1 ,ah6 you have become a  
,christian2 you trust in the            
,christian's ,god2 let us see if ,he    
will cure you2 ,he cannot2 our god will 
kill you4'  ,daniel said to the sick    
man1 ,do you believe that their god can 
harm you8'  ,he said1 ,no1 no6'         
,daniel's wife then added1 ,but we all  
think you will die2 are you afraid to   
die8'  ,he answered1 ,i am not afraid2  
,i believe in the ,lord ,jesus ,christ4'
  ,when he became worse1 and it was     
evident that he had not many minutes to 
live1 ,daniel said to him1 ,runga1      
continue to trust in the ,lord ,jesus   
,christ4'  ,he replied1 ,i believe      
,,only on the ,lord ,jesus ,christ1' and
 in a few minutes he died4 ,he was never
 baptised1 but doubtless he was saved   
through the merit of ,jesus' death1 and 
,daniel was the chief instrument in his 
conversion4    ,,chapter ,,twenty       
,,four4  ,,new ,,village ,,chapel4  ,up 
to the year #ahfd1 one building in      

,singonahully1 had served the double    
purpose of chapel and school-room4      
,this was not according to ,daniel's    
wish4  ,he thought there ought to be two
 buildings4  ,and he resolved to erect a
 school-room at his own expense1 and    
give it to the ,mission1 as a           
thank-offering to the ,lord for a good  
harvest2 for by this time he was a      
farmer as well as a washerman4  ,full of
 this idea he came to the               
,mission-house1 and with great modesty  
spoke of the plan which he had made4    
,the ,missionary approved of having two 
buildings1 but suggested that instead of
 building a school-room1 it would be    
better to keep the present building for 
school purposes1 and erect a new chapel4
  ,the sum which ,daniel had set apart  
was #d pounds1 but this would not build 
a chapel4  ,however1 the ,missionary    
proposed that ,daniel should give his #d
 pounds1 and that a few friends should  
be asked to make up the deficiency4     
,this was done1 and the chapel was      

built4  ,four pounds may1 to some       
persons1 seem a small sum1 but ,he who  
searches the heart1 and ,who approved of
 the widow's two mites1 rightly         
estimated the value of old ,daniel's    
gift2 and the ,missionary ,society would
 have a larger income than it now has1  
if all ,christians would give the same  
proportion of their income as ,daniel   
gave on this occasion4    ,,chapter     
,,twenty ,,five4  ,,daniel',s ,,sickness
 ,,and ,,happy ,,death4  ,when ,daniel  
was over seventy years of age1 he said  
to a friend1 ,it has pleased ,god to    
take my wife to himself1 and ,i am now  
an aged pilgrim near my journey's end4  
,i have been spared to see my children's
 children1 even to the third generation4
  ,i have five sons1 twelve             
grandchildren1 and eight                
great-grandchildren4  ,i commit them all
 to the hand of the great ,god whom ,i  
serve4  ,i pray that ,he will bless     
them1 keep them all in the way to       
,heaven1 and that ,i may meet them all  

in glory4  ,may ,he help me to wait     
patiently here until ,he shall call me  
into ,heaven through the merit of my    
,lord and ,saviour ,jesus ,christ4  ,god
 bless the ,missionaries and the        
,mission work abundantly4  ,about twelve
 months before his death1 ,daniel caused
 the following testimony to be written1 
,i was born in sin1 and ,i lived in the 
practice of all kinds of iniquity4  ,i  
performed the ceremonies and followed   
the customs of our people for many      
years1 but ,i found no peace in them4   
,then ,i began to think about           
worshipping the one ,god1 of whom ,i had
 heard something1 but ,i was very       
ignorant and knew not how to worship    
,him4  ,while ,i was thinking much on   
this subject1 the ,missionaries came and
 preached the ,gospel4  ,i heard the    
truth2 and by their teaching ,i was made
 to understand the way of salvation4  ,i
 believed on the ,lord ,jesus ,christ   
with my whole heart1 and then ,i felt   
that ,god1 for the sake of ,christ's    

merit1 had pardoned all my sins4  ,peace
 and joy sprung up in my heart3 and ,i  
now pray for ,his help to keep me from  
sin as long as ,i live4  ,i am nearly   
eighty years old2 my days are uncertain2
 ,i do not know when ,i may die4  ,i    
have no delight in this world1 and ,i   
hope to enter the world of glory1       
through the merit of the death of       
,christ4  ,he became gradually more and 
more feeble1 and for many weeks before  
he died was blind and nearly deaf4  ,mr 
,haigh1 who was then at ,goobbe1 gives  
the following account3 ,on ,saturday    
evening ,i went with ,mr and ,mrs       
,hocken to see ,daniel4  ,we found him  
sleeping on a mattress4  ,he awoke soon 
after we entered his room1 but the      
attendants found it difficult to make   
him understand who we were4  ,he did not
 answer our questions1 but muttered a   
few short sentences1 and then after a   
long pause1 he said distinctly1 ,o1     
,jesus1 take me to ,thyself1 take me to 
,thyself4'  ,when1 at length1 his son   

made him understand who we were1 the    
good old man wept1 and said1 ,alas6  ,i 
cannot see them4'  ,at this moment of   
clearer consciousness1 his son1 at ,mr  
,hocken's request1 asked him if he had  
joy in thinking of ,jesus4  ,he replied1
 ,yes1 great joy4'  ,mr ,hocken has     
given the following account3 ,on        
,saturday evening1 ,october #beth1 ,mr  
,haigh1 ,mrs ,hocken and myself went    
from the ,mission-house to see old      
,daniel4  ,we found him lying on a mat1 
and covered with a white cloth4  ,he    
appeared unconscious of our presence1   
and murmured as one in a dream1 ,jesu1  
,swamy1 7,lord71 take me to ,thy feet4' 
,it was some time before he could       
understand who we were1 and then he     
cried because he could not see us4  ,the
 villagers crowded round the door1 and  
watched us with almost deathly silence4 
,i tried to draw the old man into       
conversation1 but his mind wandered4    
,at intervals he prayed fervently to    
,jesus1 lingering over1 and repeating   

many times1 the name of ,jesus4  ,his   
mind seemed to be continually running on
 the thought that he should soon be with
 ,jesus4  ,we prayed1 and made          
preparations for giving him the ,lord's 
,supper4  ,as soon as ,i put the        
sacramental bread into his hand1 a flash
 of devout joy lighted up his face1 and 
he lifted the bread reverently to his   
mouth4  ,it was a very affecting sight  
to see this worthy old ,christian taking
 the ,sacrament for the last time4 ,all 
his family were deeply moved4  ,when we 
took leave of him he started as he took 
my wife's hand4  ,he said1 ,this is a   
little one1 whose is it8'  ,they told   
him it was ,mrs ,hocken's4  ,the old man
 bent over it and blessed her4  ,a few  
days after this1 while the ,missionaries
 were away from ,goobbe1 ,daniel died2  
and the ,catechist gives the following  
account3 ,on the day of his death he    
appeared to be much better2 his hearing 
and his sight were both partially       
restored4  ,he could see anyone moving  

about the room4  ,in the morning1 being 
conscious that he was dying1 he asked   
that all his people might come around   
him1 and when they had assembled he     
exhorted them all to follow him to      
heaven4  ,he said1 ,give my salaam to   
the ,missionaries1 and tell them ,i die 
happy2 my heart is full of love to      
,god4'  ,and when he had said this1 he  
fell asleep4  ,,the ,,end4