,transcrib]'s note3 ,m9or typographical errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,,auction ,,( ,,to-,,day by ,,milton ,c4 ,,"w ,au?or ( ,:i/ ( ,to-day ,bo/on & ,new ,york ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company ,! ,riv]side ,press ,cambridge #aiac ,copyright1 #aiac1 by ,milton ,c4 ,"w ,all ,rights ,res]v$ ,publi%$ ,janu>y #aiac ,,?is ,,book ,,is ,,respectfully ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,! ,,auction ,,play]s ,,( ,,! ,,racquet ,,club ,,( ,,philadelphia1 ,,:o1 ,,:ile ,,o!rs ,,d\bt$ ,,& ,,wait$1 ,,7 ,,suffici5tly ,,broadm9d$ ,,& ,,disc]n+ ,,to ,,adopt ,,! ,,new ,,c\nt ,,& ,,:o1 ,,!re=e1 ,,play$ ,,auction ,,( ,,to-,,day ,,mon?s ,,be=e ,,x ,,0 ,,9 ,,vogue ,,else:]e ,,cont5ts ,,introduction xi ,i4 ,,! ,,decl>ation #a ,,ii4 ,,orig9al ,,decl>ations ,,by ,,! ,,deal] #ae ,! ,bid ( ,"o ,no-trump4 ,table ( ,h&s 9 :i* ! ,no-trump ,decl>ation is ,d\btful4 ,:5 to bid ,two ,no-trumps4 ,exception to ! ,no-trump ,rule4 ,table ( ,d\btful ,h&s illu/rat+ ,exception4 ,suit ,decl>ations4 ,v>i\s ,ideas ( ! ,two ,spade ,bid4 ,! ,two ,spade ,bid4 ,! ,?ree ,spade ,bid4 ,:5 to bid ,two 9 ,ei!r ,royals or ,he>ts4 ,:5 to bid ,?ree 9 ,ei!r ,royals or ,he>ts4 ,! ,two ,bid 9 ,diamonds or ,clubs4 ,h[ to decl>e ,two-,suit ,h&s4 ,table ( ,h&s 9 :i* a ,trump ,decl>ation is ,d\btful4 ,,iii4 ,,second ,,h& ,,decl>ations #fj ,bidd+ ov] ,"o ,spade4 ,:5 to bid ,no-trump4 ,:5 to make a ,trump ,decl>ation4 ,! ,d\ble ( ,"o ,spade4 ,! ,bid ( ,two ,spades4 ,table ( ,spade ,bids4 ,! ,bid ( ,?ree ,spades4 ,h[ ,second ,h& %\ld bid aft] an ,(f5sive ,decl>ation4 ,! ,%ift4 ,:5 to ,bid ,two ,no-trumps ov] ,"o ,no-trump4 ,h[ to ,bid aga9/ ,two or ,?ree ,spades4 ,:5 to ,bid ,no-trump ov] a ,suit4 ,,iv4 ,,?ird ,,h& ,,decl>ations #hb ,:5 ! ,deal] has call$ ,"o ,spade1 & ! ,second ,h& pass$4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has %[n ,/r5g?1 & ! ,second ,h& pass$4 ,:5 ,two ,spades has be5 decl>$4 ,:5 ,?ree ,spades has be5 decl>$4 ,:5 ,"o ,club or ,"o ,diamond has be5 decl>$4 ,:5 ,two ,diamonds or ,two ,clubs has be5 decl>$4 ,:5 ,"o ,he>t or ,"o ,royal has be5 decl>$4 ,:5 ,two ,he>ts or ,two ,royals has be5 decl>$4 ,:5 to ov]bid a ,p>tn]'s ,no-trump4 ,:5 to ov]bid ) ,/rong ,clubs4 ,a ,new ,plan = ,ov]bidd+4 ,:5 to ov]bid ,"o ,no-trump ) ,two ,no-trumps4 ,:at ,?ird ,h& %\ld bid :5 ,second ,h& has decl>$4 ,v4 ,,f\r? ,,h& ,,decl>ations #aad ,:5 ! ,deal]'s ,def5sive ,decl>ation has be5 ! ,only ,bid4 ,:5 ! ,only ,(f5sive ,decl>ation has be5 made by ! ,deal]4 ,:5 ! ,only ,(f5sive ,decl>ation has be5 made by ! ,second ,h&4 ,:5 ! ,only ,(f5sive ,decl>ation has be5 made by ! ,?ird ,h&4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has ,made a ,def5sive1 & bo? ! ,second & ,?ird ,h&s ,(f5sive1 ,decl>ations4 ,:5 ! ,deal] & ,second ,h& h made ,(f5sive ,decl>ations1 & ! ,?ird ,h& pass$4 ,:5 ! ,deal] & ,?ird ,h& h made ,(f5sive ,decl>ations1 & ! ,second ,h& pass$4 ,:5 all ,?ree ,play]s h made ,(f5sive ,decl>ations4 ,,vi4 ,,cont9uation ,,( ,,! ,,bidd+ #acj ,:5 to advance ! ,bid4 ,:5 to ov]bid ! ,p>tn]4 ,flag-,fly+4 ,,vii4 ,,d\bl+ #adc ,! ,*oice betwe5 a ,game & a ,d\ble4 ,:5 to r$\ble4 ,:at to d :5 ! ,p>tn] is d\bl$4 ,,viii4 ,,lead+ #aeh ,h[ to lead aga9/ a ,no-trump4 ,numb]-%[+ ,leads4 ,! ,lead aga9/ a ,suit ,decl>ation4 ,h[ to lead to a ,d\ble4 ,table ( ,op5+ ,leads aga9/ a ,trump ,decl>ation4 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,play #ahc ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,play 9 ,auction & ,bridge4 ,play+ = ,game4 ,play = an ,ev5 ,break4 ,g5]al ,play ( ! ,decl>]4 ,decl>]'s ,play ( ,no-trump4 ,decl>]'s ,play ( a ,suit ,decl>ation4 ,play by ,decl>]'s ,adv]s>ies4 ,! ,signal4 ,! ,disc>d4 ,block+ ! ,dummy4 ,avoid op5+ ,new ,suits4 ,h[ to return ,p>tn]'s ,bid4 ,! ,f9esse4 ,table %[+ :5 ,?ird ,h& %\ld f9esse4 ,x4 ,,scor+ ,,& ,,score-,,%eets #bac ,samples ( ,score-,%eets4 ,,xi4 ,,! ,,laws #bbe #aiab ,code ( ,! ,:i/ ,club ( ,new ,york4 ,decisions by ! ,c>d ,committee ( ,! ,:i/ ,club ( ,new ,york4 ,,summ>iz$ ,,p5alties #bgg ,,app5dix3 ,,qu]ies ,,& ,,answ]s #bgi ,,introduction ,) s _m excell5t textbooks n[ 9 circulation1 x seems almo/ audaci\s to add ano!r treatise to curr5t c>d lit]ature4 ,x happ5s1 h[ev]1 t ! game ( ,auction1 or ,auction ,bridge1 z x is g5]ally call$ 7,auction ,:i/ is p]haps a m appropriate title71 has be5 s completely & s sudd5ly revolutioniz$ t books writt5 ^u ! subject a few mon?s ago d n treat ( ,auction ( to-day1 b ( a game ab&on$ 9 ! m>* ( progress4 ,only a small portion ( ! *ange has be5 due to ! developm5t ( ! game1 ! alt]ation t has tak5 place 9 ! c\nt hav+ be5 ! ma9 factor 9 ! trans=mation4 ,j z a nation1 9 ! c\rse ( a c5tury1 *anges its habits1 cu/oms1 & ideas1 s ,auction 9 a few mon?s has develop$ surpris+ innovations1 & evolv$ !ories t only ye/]day w\ld h seem$ to belong to ! h]etic or ! fanatic4 ,! exp]t bidd] ( la/ ,*ri/mas w\ld f9d himself a v]itable ,rip ,van ,w9kle1 %\ld he awake 9 ! mid/ ( a game ( to-day4 ,! pres5t t\ri/ along ! newly macadamiz$ ,auction highway has no mod]n signpo/ to guide him1 no mile/one to m>k 8 progress4 ,! old ones1 :ile mo/ excell5t :5 erect$1 n[ lead to ab&on$ & impassable roads1 & conta9 in=mation t ( necessity confuses & misleads4 ,beyond d\bt1 ! pres5t game1 l o!r mod]n improvem5ts1 has come to /ay1 & ) t belief ! foll[+ pages are (f]$ z an aid to ! ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! new ord] ( ?+s4 ,until ! latt] "p ( #aiaa1 practically all play]s us$ ! same c\nt 9 ,auction t _h = ye>s obta9$ 9 ,bridge2 namely1 ,no-trump1 #ab2 ,he>ts1 #h2 ,diamonds1 #f2 ,clubs1 #d2 & ,spades1 #b4 ,! *ange 0 fir/ sugge/$ by ! au?or1 & x1 !re=e1 seems only appropriate t he1 hav+ _h ! good =tune to conceive a sy/em :i* has be5 endors$ by g5]al adoption1 %\ld h ! privilege ( giv+ to ! ,auction-lov+ public 8 views ^u ! mo/ advantage\s me?ods ( play+ ! game "u ! new conditions1 & ?us possibly help to allay ! confusion creat$ by ! introduction ( an innovation s dra/ic4 ,9 ?is connection1 x may be int]e/+ to recall h[ ?is new c\nt1 :i* is n[ s univ]sally us$ t x %\ld be call$1 n ! new c\nt1 b ! c\nt1 came to be sugge/$1 & :y x met ) popul> favor4 ,:5 ,auction fir/ took ! place ( ,bridge z ! p>am\nt game 9 ! club & social life ( ! sci5tific c>d-play] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7j z ,bridge _h previ\sly sup]s$$ ,:i/71 x 0 b natural t ! ,bridge c\nt %\ld be cont9u$ 9 ,auction4 ,admitt+ t ^! values 7 ! be/ possible = ,bridge 7& ( t !re is consid]able d\bt 9 ! m9d ( ! play] ( to-day71 x1 nev]!less1 did n mean t = ! new & v diff]5t game ( ,auction !y w\ld ( necessity be ! mo/ suitable4 ,x 0 soon f\nd t ! ,no-trump 0 s mu* m p[]ful ?an any o!r bid t competition 0 almo/ elim9at$4 ,) ev5 unusually /rong suits1 only occasionally c\ld a decl>ation valu$ at #ab be successfully combat$ by "o valu$ at #h or less1 & ! va/ majority ( h&s 71 consequ5tly1 play$ )\t a ,trump4 ,! inh]5t !ory ( ! game ( ,auction provides = a bidd+ 9 :i* ea* "o ( ! f\r suits competes ) ea* o!r1 & also ) ! ,no-trump4 ,us+ ! ,bridge c\nt1 ?is does n take place4 ,! two black suits1 by reason ( _! inconsequ5tial valuation1 are practically elim9at$ f ! sea ( competitive bidd+4 ,! ,diamond creates only a slight ripple1 & ev5 ! ,he>t has to be unusually /rong to resi/ ! /r5u\s wave ( ! ,no-trump4 ,play]s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry realiz$ t z long z ! ,bridge c\nt 0 us$1 five bids c\ld n compete 9 ! race1 z1 due to unequal h&icapp+1 ! two blacks c\ld b>ely pass ! />t]1 :ile ! two r$s c\ld n la/ long 9 a ke5 conte/4 ,! desire to make ! ,spade a pot5t decl>ation _h appe>$ 9 ,bridge2 ,royal ,spades1 valu$ at #aj1 hav+ be5 play$ by "s un=tunates :o believ$ t1 :5ev] !y _h ! deal1 ! fickle goddess favor$ !m ) an undue proportion ( black beauties4 ,z competitive bidd+ is n a "p ( ! game ( ,bridge1 t c\ld n be (f]$ z a reason = increas+ ! value ( ! ,spade1 & to be logical1 ,royal ,clubs %\ld also h be5 creat$4 ,naturally1 ,royal ,spades nev] receiv$ any v l>ge or intellig5t ,bridge foll[+1 b z mak+ ! ,spade ( value 0 9 l9e ) ! obvi\s ne$ ( ,auction1 z soon z t game became ! popul> pa/ime1 ,royal ,spades 7or ,lilies1 z !y 7 p]haps fooli%ly call$ 9 "s places1 ! pseudonym be+ sugge/$ by ! color ( ! ,spade71 valu$ at #aa & at #aj1 7 accord$ a m ?or\gh trial4 ,!y met objection on ! gr\nd t ?ree ,royals1 equally ) ?ree ,no-trumps1 c>ri$ a side to game f a love score1 &1 !re=e1 :ile "s cont9u$ to exp]im5t ) ,royals1 x _c be said t !y 7 any:]e accept$ z a conv5tional "p ( ,auction4 ,f9ally1 "s clev] ,bo/onians sugge/$ t _! value be made n9e1 & ?is prov$ bo? m logical & m popul>4 ,) affairs 9 ?is /ate1 ! au?or det]m9$ t x w\ld mat]ially improve ! game to arrange ! c\nt s t ! v>i\s bids be z ne>ly z possible equaliz$1 e suit giv5 a real rat+1 & ! maximum competition creat$4 ,aft] "s little exp]im5tation1 ! v simple exp$i5t n[ 9 vogue 0 sugge/$4 ,x makes ! game 9 reality :at x previ\sly 0 only 9 "n4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aiaa1 ! ,racquet ,club ( ,philadelphia1 ! fir/ club to act ^u ! subject1 incorporat$ 9 its club code ! c\nt ( #aj = ,no-trump1 #i = ,royal ,spades1 #h = ,he>ts1 #g = ,diamonds1 #f = ,clubs1 & #b = ,spades4 ,o!r clubs 9 ?is c\ntry & abroad sl[ly b surely foll[$1 & ! c>d-play+ public 9 its social game adopt$ ! new plan z soon z x receiv$ a fair trial4 ,e>ly 9 #aiab1 ! ,:i/ ,club ( ,new ,york1 a mo/ cons]vative body1 yield$ to ! pressure1 & accept$ ! new c\nt4 ,s9ce !n1 x has be5 univ]sally us$4 ,x has be5 giv5 v>i\s names1 su* z ! new c\nt1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 a title t _c long be reta9$2 ! ,philadelphia c\nt1 :i* is n[ inappropriate1 z x is play$ 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry2 ! game ( ,royals1 :i* is grossly incorrect1 z x is n a game ( ,royals any m ?an ( any o!r suit1 & c]ta9ly is n "o-t5? z mu* a game ( ,royals z ! old c\nt 0 a game ( ,no-trumps4 ,"o writ]1 :o ably advocates ! new c\nt1 calls ! pres5t game ,royal ,auction ,bridge1 yet frankly admits t ,no-trump is /ill play$ m frequ5tly ?an ,royals1 & ,he>ts almo/ z (t54 ,!re c be no "q t ! numb] ( ,diamond & ,club decl>ations has mat]ially increas$1 s ! only app>5t reason = call+ ! game ,royals is ! desire = "s "n to di/+ui% ! c\nt n[ us$ f its pr$ecessor4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is totally unnecess>y4 ,! old1 or ,bridge c\nt1 is a ?+ ( ! pa/--dead & almo/ =gott54 ,! new c\nt is ,auction--,auction ( ,to-day if y w1 b unque/ionably ! be/ ,auction yet devis$1 ! only ,auction n[ play$1 & de/9$ to be ,auction = all future "t1 unless "s sy/em be sugge/$ :i* w create ke5] competition 9 bidd+4 ,x is g5]ally conc$$ t ?is is practically impossible4 ,9 ?is book ! au?or does n attempt to drill ! un9itiat$ play] 9 ! intricacies ( ! game4 ,! rudim5ts c be le>n$ f> m satisfactorily by wat*+ a rubb]1 or by receiv+ ! k9dly in/ruction ( a fri5d or tea*]4 ,9 p]us+ ^! pages1 ! beg9n] w seek 9 va9 to receive su* in=mation z t ! #aj is a high] c>d ?an ! #i2 or t ! ,?ird ,h& plays aft] ! ,second4 ,! read] is suppos$ to ?or\ghly und]/& ! respective values ( ! c>ds1 z well z ! und]ly+ pr9ciples & ! rules ( ! game4 ,nei!r is ?is book int5d$ = ! play] :o recognizes himself z an exp]t & cont9u\sly prates ( 8 own ability4 ,ev5 %\ld he condesc5d to read1 he w\ld f9d ei!r no?+ new1 or no?+ new wor? kn[+4 ,:y1 inde$1 %\ld he wa/e 8 valuable "t consid]+ ! ideas ( o!rs1 :5 by 8 brilliant exposition ( 8 own inimitable !ories1 he c inculcate 9 ! m9ds ( 8 inf]iors a new conception ( ,auction possibilities8 ,su* a play] may at any "t confuse a consci5ti\s p>tn] by mak+ an orig9al bid )\t an ,ace or ,k+1 or by committ+ "s equally atroci\s ,auction faux pas1 b z ev5 a con/ant recurr5ce ( su* trifles w n di/urb 8 equanimity1 :y sugge/ ideas = 8 guidance8 ,! real purpose ( ?is little book is to po9t out to ! mod]ate play] ! sy/em ( bidd+ & me?ods ( play n[ adopt$ by ! be/ expon5ts ( ! game1 & to advise g5]ally h[ to produce a satisfactory result at ! end ( ! rubb]1 sitt+1 or season4 ,mu* ( ! success ( an ,auction play] is due to 8 ability to conc5trate 8 entire att5tion ^u ! game4 ,if x 7 possible to make only a s+le sugge/ion to a beg9n]1 ! mo/ important po9t t c\ld be call$ to 8 att5tion w\ld be ! necessity = conc5tration4 ,f ! mom5t ! fir/ bid is made until ! la/ c>d is play$1 ! att5tion ( e play] %\ld be conf9$ to ! decl>ation & ! play1 & dur+ t "t no o!r idea %\ld ent] 8 m9d4 ,?is may seem rudim5t>y1 b z a matt] ( fact1 ! loss ( tricks is frequ5tly blam$ ^u v>i\s causes1 su* z pull+ ! wrong c>d1 =gett+ t a c]ta9 decl>ation _h be5 made1 or t a c]ta9 c>d has be5 play$1 misc\nt+ ! ,trumps or ! suit 9 "q1 etc41 :5 ! lack ( complete conc5tration is ! real tr\ble4 ,success 9 ,auction is inde$ difficult1 & ! play] :o w\ld grasp e situation1 & capture e possible trick1 mu/ h ! p[] to conc5trate all 8 faculties ^u ! task be=e him4 ,no matt] h[ great 8 capacity1 he _c d ?or\gh ju/ice to any h&1 if1 dur+ ! decl>ation or play1 8 m9d w&]4 ,too (t5 d we see a play]1 :ile ! play is 9 progress1 ?9k+ ( "s su* subject z h[ _m m tricks 8 p>tn] might h made 9 ! la/ h&2 :e!r 8 p>tn] has decl>$ 9 ! mann] :i* he believes to be s\nd & conv5tional2 :at is go+ on at "s o!r table2 :e!r ?is rubb] w be ov] 9 "t = him to play ano!r1 etc4 ,:5 ?is is ! m5tal condition ( a play]1 ! be/ results _c be obta9$4 ,if a trick has be5 lo/1 x is gone4 ,?9k+ ov] x _c br+ x back1 b may v quickly give x "o or m comrades4 ,z soon z ea* deal is complet$1 x %\ld be eras$ f ! m9d j z figures f a slate4 ,9 t way only c be obta9$ ! complete & absolute conc5tration :i* is ess5tial to p]fect play1 & goes a long way t[>d secur+ x4 ,auction is beyond d\bt ! mo/ sci5tific c>d game t has ev] become popul> 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! exp]t has ! full measure ( advantage to :i* 8 skill entitles him1 & yet ! game possesses wond]ful fasc9ation = ! beg9n] & play] ( av]age ability4 ,x is d\btless de/9$ to a long t]m ( increas+ popul>ity1 & x is1 !re=e1 mo/ advisable = all :o p>ticipate t !y ?or\ghly famili>ize !mselves ) ! conv5tional me?ods ( bidd+ & play+1 s t !y may become intellig5t p>tn]s1 & a real addition to any table4 ,,auction ,,( ,,to-,,day ,i ,,! ,,decl>ation#a ,x is well to realize f ! />t t ! decl>ation is ! mo/ important dep>tm5t ( ! game1 & yet ! mo/ simple to ma/]4 ,a fooli% bid may co/ hundr$s ( po9ts4 ,! failure to make a s\nd "o may lose a rubb]1 :]eas mi/akes 9 ! play1 :ile (t5 exp5sive & irritat+1 are r>ely att5d$ ) su* disa/r\s results4 #a ,also kn[n z ! ,bid & ! ,call4 ,any good play] :o has to *oose betwe5 a p>tn] :o bids well & plays poorly1 & "o :o is a wild or unreliable bidd]1 b h&les 8 c>ds ) p]fection1 )\t hesitation selects ! =m]4 ,to be an exp]t play] requires natural skill1 long exp]i5ce1 ke5 intuition1 deep conc5tration1 & is an art t _c be accurately taught ei!r by ! in/ructor or by a textbook4 ,bidd+ has be5 r$uc$ to a m or less def9ite sy/em1 :i* may be le>n$ 9 a comp>atively brief space ( "t4 ,consequ5tly1 any "o possess$ ( ord9>y intellig5ce1 reg>dless ( sex1 age1 temp]am5t1 or exp]i5ce1 may become an exp]t decl>]1 b ( all :o attempt to play1 n m ?an =ty p] c5t4 possess t almo/ indef9able *>act]i/ic kn[n z a c>d head1 )\t :i* x is impossible to become a play] ( ! highe/ class4 ,! av]age club or social game1 h[ev]1 produces num]\s exp]t play]s1 :ile ! s\nd bidd] is inde$ a r>a avis4 ,! explanation ( ?is peculi> condition is n h>d to f9d4 ,mo/ ,auction devotees began _! c>d exp]i5ce ) ,:i/1 a game 9 :i*1 beyond d\bt1 ,! play's ! ?+2 !n !y transf]r$ _! allegiance to ,bridge1 :]e ! play 0 ! pr$om9ant factor2 & n[ !y fail to realize t 9 _! new pa/ime ! mo/ important "p ( ! game is conclud$ be=e ! fir/ c>d leaves ! lead]'s h&4 ,x mu/ enc\rage ! /ud5t to "k t he may surely & quickly become a s\nd bidd]1 & t he w !n be a m valu$ p>tn] ?an a ,:i/ or ,bridge celebrity :o does n accord to ! ,decl>ation ! c>e x des]ves & rew>ds4 ,_m me?ods ( bidd+ h be5 sugge/$2 "s h be5 s absurd t !y h n w>rant$ or receiv$ s]i\s consid]ation2 o!rs h be5 accord$ a ?or\gh trial1 & f\nd want+4 ,! sy/em :i* is h]e9 advocat$ is believ$ to be ! mo/ s\nd & in=matory yet devis$4 ,be=e tak+ up ! decl>ation by ea* h&1 x is important = ! play] to realize t ) ! introduction ( ! c\nt ( to-day1 mu* ( ! bidd+ previ\sly 9 vogue has1 ( necessity1 pass$ into disuse4 ,= example1 "u ! old c\nt1 a play]1 kn[+ t ! ,club suit w\ld nev] be play$ & t !re 0 no dang] ( t decl>ation be+ cont9u$ by 8 p>tn]1 v prop]ly call$ a ,club to %[ ! ,ace & ,k+1 ev5 :5 ^! two c>ds 7 ! only ,clubs 9 8 h&4 ,9 ,auction ( to-day1 x be+ possible to score game ) any decl>ation1 a suit _c be safely call$ unless x be ( su* l5g? & /r5g? t ! p>tn] may cont9ue x z f> z 8 h& w>rants4 ,9 discuss+ ! subject ( ,bidd+1 "u ! subheads ( ,,deal]1 ,,second ,,h&1 etc41 ?is w be consid]$ m ?or\ghly1 & x is ref]r$ to at ?is "t only = ! purpose ( po9t+ out t in=matory bids f %ort suits conta9+ high c>ds are no long] includ$ 9 ! vocabul>y ( ! ,decl>]4 ,ano!r diff]5ce betwe5 ! old & ! pres5t game is wor?y ( notice4 ,9 ! old game a m>k$ di/9ction 0 drawn betwe5 ! color ( ! suits 9 ! make-up ( a ,no-trump]1 x be+ m important t ! black suits %\ld be gu>d$ ?an ! r$4 ,us+ ! ,bridge c\nt1 ! adv]s>ies1 if /rong 9 ! r$ suits1 7 apt to bid1 b ! black suits1 by reason ( _! l[ valuation1 frequ5tly c\ld n be call$4 ,black 01 consequ5tly1 ! natural lead aga9/ a ,no-trump1 & !re=e1 requir$ m protection4 ,n[1 z e suit c be nam$ ) practically equal effectiv5ess1 ! color di/9ction has ceas$ to exi/4 ,! orig9al lead]1 :5 ,no-trump has be5 decl>$1 no long] attempts to guess 8 p>tn]'s /r5g? by />t+ ) a black suit1 9 pref]5ce to a r$2 & 9 bidd+ "o ,no-trump1 /r5g? 9 "o color is j z valuable z 9 ! o!r4 ,:5 ,auction 0 fir/ play$ 9 ,engl&1 x 0 believ$ t ! deal 0 a disadvantage1 t ! ,decl>] %\ld disguise 8 h& z long z possible & use e exp$i5t to =ce 8 adv]s>y to be ! fir/ to %[ real /r5g?4 ,?is doctr9e has be5 f\nd to be ridicul\s4 ,! premium ( #bej = w9n+ ! rubb] is a bonus well wor? hav+1 & ! play] :o1 :5 8 c>ds ju/ify a bid1 unduly po/pones 8 decl>ation1 belongs to an antiquat$ & almo/ ext9ct s*ool4 ,x is n[ conc$$ t ! be/ results are obta9$ by t "* ( bidd+ :i* gives ! p>tn] ! mo/ imm$iate & accurate in=mation reg>d+ ! /r5g? ( ! ,decl>]4 ,!re are /ill ! old fogies :o prea* t1 z !re are two oppon5ts & only "o p>tn]1 all in=mation is d\bly advantage\s to ! adv]s>y4 ,?is moss-cov]$ idea 0 advanc$ conc]n+ ! play 9 ,:i/ & ,bridge1 b exp]i5ce prov$ x fallaci\s4 ,9 ,auction1 its folly is app>5t1 n only 9 ! matt] ( ! play1 b ev5 m surely :5 appli$ to ! bidd+4 ,a mom5t's consid]ation causes ! realization t ! decl>ation w\ld become an easy task if ! exact composition ( ! p>tn]'s h& 7 kn[n2 x %\ld1 !re=e1 be ! aim ( ! bidd] to simplify ! next call ( 8 p>tn] by describ+ 8 own c>ds z accurately z possible4 ,true x is t ! deceptive bidd] at times succe$s 9 dup+ "s confid+ or inexp]i5c$ adv]s>y & !reby a*ieves a tempor>y triumph ( :i* he loves to boa/4 ,= e su* c\p1 h[ev]1 he loses _m conv5tional opportunities1 frequ5tly gets into tr\ble1 & keeps 8 p>tn] 9 a cont9ual /ate ( n]v\s unre/1 entirely inimical to ! ex]cise ( s\nd judgm5t4 ,nev]!less1 ! erratic "o r>ely realizes ?is4 ,he gives 8 deceptive play ! cr$it = 8 w9n+ :5ev] he holds c>ds ) :i* x is impossible = him to lose1 b *>act]izes z h>d luck ! hundr$s t 8 adv]s>ies tally 9 _! honor columns by reason ( 8 antics1 & is oblivi\s ( ! opportunities to w9 games :i* he all[s to slip f 8 grasp4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 in=mative & deceptive bidd+ is %[n 9 ! h>mony ( a p>tn]%ip4 ,:5 ! =m] is practis$1 ! pair pull toge!r2 ! latt] results 9 misund]/&+s & disputes4 ,x mu/ n be und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t ! ability to give accurate in=mation comprises ! entire skill ( ! bidd]4 ,x is mo/ important t he possess ! judgm5t :i* enables him to =ce ! adv]s>y into dang]\s wat]s )\t gett+ beyond 8 own dep?4 ,x is no excuse = a play] :o has l$ 8 p>tn] on to _! mutual de/ruction to murmur1 ,i c\ld h made my bid4 ,an e>ly bid be+ all[$ to become ! f9al decl>ation is exceptional4 ,:e!r or n x c\ld be made is1 !re=e1 immat]ial1 b ! result x may produce is vital4 ,9 club circles ! /ory is told ( ! play] ( exp]i5ce1 :o1 aft] he _h be5 deceiv$ by 8 p>tn]'s decl>ation1 said3 ,p>tn]1 if y 7 read+ ! pap] to a /rang]1 y w\ld n v>y a ^w ( ev5 an unimportant item4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld y1 9 describ+ y\r ?irte5 c>ds1 delib]ately mis9=m a tru/+ p>tn]8 ,ano!r explod$ idea is t an advantage c be obta9$ by s-call$ mislead+ or trap bidd+4 ,!re are "s play]s :o imag9e t1 by call+ "o ,spade ) an excell5t h&1 !y c induce ! adv]s>ies to believe t ! bidd] possesses a trickless comb9ation1 & z a result1 "s ridicul\s decl>ation w foll[1 :i* w give an opportunity = a pr(itable d\ble4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t 9 practice ?is idea does n produce satisfactory results4 ,adv]s>ies w n bid to a po9t :]e !y are apt to be d\bl$1 except 9 ! face ( competition4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has call$ "o ,spade1 8 p>tn]1 unless he hold v /rong c>ds1 w n mat]ially elevate ! decl>ation4 ,if bo? p>tn]s h /r5g?1 x is n probable t ! adv]s>ies c d mu* bidd+1 s t x is only 9 ! unusual case1 & aga9/ ! inexp]i5c$ & unskill$1 t su* a s*eme is apt to prove successful4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x transf]s ! advantage ( be+ ! fir/ to %[ /r5g? & abuses ! confid5ce ( ! p>tn]4 ,x is a tool :i* %\ld be employ$ only by ! ,decl>] ( ripe exp]i5ce1 & he w limit its use to ! unusual h&4 ,! bidd] %\ld rememb] t "p ( ! f9esse ( ! game1 :5 p>tn]s v>y consid]ably 9 _! respective skill1 is to s arrange ! decl>ation t ! /rong] play] is at ! helm mo/ ( ! "t4 ,a weak play] ) a /rong p>tn] %\ld n jump ) undue ha/e into a ,no-trump1 ,royal1 or ,he>t decl>ation2 b r1 wait = ! p>tn]1 & !n back up 8 call4 ,! weak play] %\ld also hesitate be=e tak+ away 8 p>tn]'s bid1 al?\gh ( c\rse1 !re are _m situations :i* ?or\ghly ju/ify x1 reg>dless ( ! greate/ diff]5ce 9 ! skill ( ! play]s4 ,! objection to ! game ( ,auction :i* makes x ! subject ( ! mo/ sev]e criticism is ! possibility t improp] in=mation may be convey$ to ! p>tn] by ! mann] ( mak+ ! bid4 ,aft] />t+ to bid1 by us+ ! ^w "o or two !re %\ld nev] be any hesitation1 z t tells ! p>tn] t !re is m ?an "o call "u consid]ation4 ,! same comm5t applies to hesitation :5 x is evid5t to ! p>tn] t x mu/ be caus$ by a d\bt :e!r or n to d\ble1 & ! opportunity s to d /ill rema9s ) him4 ,an ext5d$ delay 9 pass+ or bidd+ "o ,spade also conveys an obvi\s sugge/ion4 ,x goes )\t say+ t no honorable p>tn] w\ld avail himself ( su* in=mation4 ,be+ ! unwill+ recipi5t ( x1 h[ev]1 places him 9 an awkw>d position1 z he mu/ cross-exam9e himself z to :e!r any que/ionable bid or d\ble he contemplates is 9 any way enc\rag$ by x4 ,if he h ev5 a sc9tilla ( d\bt1 he mu/ pass4 ,a few pr9ciples ( bidd+ applicable to all conditions may be /at$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! consid]ation ( ! subject4 ,adopt in=matory & cons]vative me?ods4 ,a good play] may bid high] ?an a poor "o4 ,:5 y\r p>tn] fails to assi/ y\r bid1 d n c\nt on him = m /r5g? ?an a ,deal] :o has bid "o ,spade4 ,any ov]bid ( an adv]s>y %[s /r5g?2 an ov]bid ( a p>tn] :o has decl>$ ,no-trump may %[ weakness4 ,ov]bidd+ a p>tn] :o has decl>$ ,royals or ,he>ts %[s weakness 9 8 suit4 ,be+ )\t a suit1 or hold+ a s+leton1 is an elem5t ( /r5g? = a ,trump decl>ation2 ( weakness = a ,no-trump]4 ,:51 if y d n bid1 ! adv]s>y w be left 9 ) a decl>ation ) :i* he _c make game1 d n take him out unless y expect to score game ) y\r decl>ation4 ,d n1 by reckless bidd+1 make ! loss ( "o rubb] equal ! usual value ( two4 ,) a love score1 x requires ?ree tricks 9 ,no-trumps1 f\r 9 ,royals or ,he>ts1 & five 9 ,diamonds or ,clubs1 to make game4 ,x is an exceptional h& 9 :i* ! ,decl>] does n lose m ?an two tricks4 ,diamonds & ,clubs are1 !re=e1 r>ely play$ 9 pref]5ce to "o ( ! ?ree decl>ations ( high] value1 :i* are spok5 ( z game-go+ decl>ations4 ,!re is v little decl>+ to ! score 9 ,auction1 z ! majority ( deals 9 :i* ! contract is fulfill$ score game1 s t mo/ ( ! "t ! score is love4 ,9 a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( cases1 h[ev]1 !re is a score1 & x affects ! bidd+ to ! foll[+ ext5t3-- ,if x be #b or m1 ,diamonds %\ld be treat$ z ,royals or ,he>ts w\ld be at love2 if x be #f or m1 ,clubs %\ld be simil>ly treat$4 ,if x be #c or m1 ,royals1 ) a hold+ ( five or m1 %\ld be bid 9 pref]5ce to ,no-trump1 ev5 ) all ! suits /opp$1 & if x be #f or m1 ,he>ts %\ld be simil>ly treat$4 ,:5 ! score rea*es a high] figure1 su* z #af1 = example1 hold+ five ,diamonds1 ,he>ts1 or ,spades1 suit bids %\ld be giv5 ! pref]5ce ov] ,no-trump]s4 ,! reason is pla94 ,! w9n+ ( ! game is ! object ( ! bidd]2 :5 t is 9 sight ) a suit decl>ation1 ,no-trump %\ld n be risk$ unless 9 ! high] decl>ation ! fulfilm5t ( ! contract be equally sure4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( an adv]se suit is ! rock :i* s9ks _m a ,no-trump]4 ,!re is little *ance ( ?is ) a suit decl>ation4 ,!re=e1 especially :5 x does n require any m tricks to g game1 ! suit %\ld be select$1 if ! ,no-trump pres5t any elem5t ( dang]4 ,! /ate ( ! score nev] ju/ifies an orig9al bid :i* w\ld n be conv5tional at love4 ,9 o!r words1 :ile be+ ! possessor ( a score may make x wise = a bidd] to select a suit in/ead ( a ,no-trump1 x nev] ju/ifies 8 call+ a suit 9 :i* he has n bo? ! l5g? & /r5g? requisite = a decl>ation ) a love score4 ,bidd+ by ! diff]5t h&s is s v>i$ 9 its "* t ea* mu/ be consid]$ z practically a sep>ate subject1 & !y w1 !re=e1 be tak5 up s]iatim4 ,9 all cases :]e ! score is n especially m5tion$1 x %\ld be und]/ood t nei!r side is suppos$ to h scor$4 ,,ii ,,orig9al ,,decl>ations ,,by ,,! ,,deal] ,! ,deal]1 9 mak+ ! initial decl>ation1 obta9s a valuable /rategic position :5ev] 8 h& ju/ifies an (f5sive bid 7i4e41 any?+ b "o ,spade72 b :5 he is compell$ to assume ! def5sive1 ?is advantage passes to 8 oppon5ts4 ,by any decl>ation :i* %[s /r5g?1 he mat]ially aids 8 p>tn] & places difficulties 9 ! pa? ( 8 adv]s>ies4 ,a ,no-trump is naturally 8 mo/ advantage\s op5+4 ,!re are _m h&s 9 :i* ! /r5g? is s ev5ly divid$ t ! advantage ( play+ ! ,dummy enables ! play] :o gets to ! ,no-trump fir/ to make good 8 decl>ation1 & frequ5tly1 9 su* equally balanc$ h&s1 "o ,no-trump is ! only bid t c be made4 ,"o ,no-trump elim9ates all adv]se calls ( "o1 & sometimes :5 ! /r5g? ( ! oppon5ts is consid]able1 b divid$1 results 9 %utt+ out a productive decl>ation4 ,! ,deal]1 !re=e1 :5ev] 8 h& w>rants x1 %\ld grasp 8 good =tune & decl>e 8 /r5g?4 ,he %\ld n1 h[ev]1 ra%ly assume ! (f5sive4 ,!re is no way 9 :i* he c m ?or\ghly deceive 8 p>tn]1 create great] havoc ) ! bidd+ ( ! h& & ca/ deep] di/ru/ ^u 8 future decl>ations ?an by us+ ! keynote bid to ann\nce /r5g? :i* 8 h& does n conta94 ,he mu/ ?or\ghly und]/& ! conv5tional decl>ations1 & :5 9 d\bt %\ld bid "o ,spade1 z ! damage :i* is apt to result f an ov]e/imation by 8 p>tn] ( 8 w9n+ c>ds is mu* great] ?an any b5efit ga9$ by />t+ ! attack4 ,,! ,,bid ,,( ,,"o ,,no-,,trump ,! ,deal] is ju/ifi$ 9 bas+ 8 decl>ation ^u ! assumption t 8 p>tn] has "o-?ird ( ! high c>ds n 9 8 own h&4 ,he may1 !re=e1 bid "o ,no-trump ) any hold+ bett] ?an ! av]age :5ev] he has 7a7 ,f\r suits /opp$4 7b7 ,?ree suits /opp$ & 8 h& conta9s an ,ace4 7c7 ,?ree ,k+ suits1 all ( :i* conta9 9 addition ei!r ,que5 or ,knave4 7d7 ,a solid five-c>d ,club or ,diamond suit & ano!r ,ace4 ,! fir/ "q to det]m9e is :at1 f ! /&po9t ( ! ,decl>]1 con/itutes a gu>d$ or /opp$ suit4 ,t an ,ace comes "u t head is self-evid5t4 ,s also mu/ a ,k+1 if accompani$ by "o small1 because ! lead comes up to ! ,decl>]1 & ! ,k+ mu/ ei!r be able to w9 ! trick or be made good4 ,a ,que5 & "o o!r manife/ly w n /op a suit1 & a ,que5 & two o!rs is n apt to d s unless ! lead] hold bo? ,ace & ,k+4 ,que5 & ?ree o!rs is1 h[ev]1 comp>atively safe1 & ,que51 ,knave1 & "o o!r is a mo/ satisfactory gu>d4 ,knave1 ,t51 & two o!rs surely /ops a suit1 b ,knave & ?ree small is ab\t z unreliable z ,que5 & two small4 ,x1 !re=e1 becomes evid5t t ! ,deal]1 to c\nt a suit z /opp$1 mu/ h 9 x "o ( ! foll[+ hold+s3-- ,ace4 ,k+ & "o o!r4 ,que5 & ?ree o!rs4 ,que51 ,knave1 & "o o!r4 ,knave & f\r o!rs4 ,knave1 ,t51 & two o!rs4 ,"s exp]ts1 ) ?ree suits /opp$1 bid ,no-trump ) exactly an av]age h&1 b exp]i5ce has %[n t ?is is advisable only :5 support$ by exceptional skill1 & _c be recomm5d$ to mo/ play]s4 ,! av]age hold+ ( high c>ds is "o ,ace1 "o ,k+1 "o ,que51 & "o ,knave4 ,f ! av]age /&po9t x is immat]ial :e!r !y are all 9 "o suit or divid$4 ,any h& conta9+ a face c>d or ,ace above ?is av]age is a ,no-trump]1 :5ev] x complies ) ! o!r above-m5tion$ requirem5ts4 ,:5 ! av]age is exce$$ by hold+ two ,aces1 in/ead ( an ,ace & ,k+1 a ,no-trump %\ld be call$1 b two ,k+s1 in/ead ( a ,k+ & ,que51 or ev5 a ,k+ & ,knave1 is a v slight m>g91 & ! decl>ation is d\btful = any b ! mo/ exp]t4 ,a h& ) two ,que5s in/ead ( "o ,que5 & "o ,knave1 :ile te*nically above ! av]age1 _c be s consid]$ :5 view$ f a trick-tak+ /&po9t1 & does n w>rant a ,no-trump call4 ,9 bidd+ ,no-trump ) ?ree gu>d$ suits1 x does n matt] :i* is unprotect$4 ,= example1 ! m9imum /r5g? ( a ,no-trump] compos$ ( "o face c>d m ?an ! av]age is an ,ace 9 "o suit2 ,k+1 ,knave1 9 ano!r2 & ,que51 ,knave1 9 a ?ird4 ,?is h& w\ld be a ,no-trump]1 reg>dless ( :e!r ! suit void ( /r5g? happ5$ to be ,he>ts1 ,diamonds1 ,clubs1 or ,spades4 ,! above-describ$ me?od ( det]m9+ :5 ! h& sizes up to ! ,no-trump /&>d is g5]ally kn[n z ! av]age sy/em1 & has be5 f\nd m simple & mu* saf] ?an any ( ! o!r te/s sugge/$4 ,x avoids ! necessity ( tak+ ! ,t5 into consid]ation1 & does n involve ! problems 9 m5tal ari?metic :i* become necess>y :5 ea* honor is valu$ at a c]ta9 figure & a total fix$ z requisite = a ,no-trump bid4 ,! !ory ^u :i* a play] ) possibly only ?ree tricks decl>es to take sev51 is t a h& conta9+ ?ree sure tricks1 b5efit$ by ! advantage d]iv$ f hav+ tw5ty-six c>ds play$ 9 unison1 is apt to produce "o m2 & until ! ,dummy refuse to help1 he may be figur$ on = av]age assi/ance4 ,! ,deal] is expect+ to take f\r tricks ) 8 own h&1 & if ! ,dummy take ?ree 7"o-?ird ( ! rema9+ n9e71 he w fulfil 8 contract4 ,ev5 if ! ,dummy fail to r5d] ! am\nt ( aid ! doctr9e ( *ances makes probable1 ! decl>ation is n likely to prove disa/r\s1 z "o ,no-trump is r>ely d\bl$4 ,x is also conv5tional to decl>e "o ,no-trump ) a five-c>d or long] ,club or ,diamond suit1#b head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 & "o o!r ,ace4 ,?is is ! only h& conta9+ /r5g? 9 b two suits ) :i* a ,no-trump %\ld be call$4 #b ,) a simil> suit 9 ei!r ,spades or ,he>ts1 ,royals or ,he>ts %\ld be ! bid4 ,z a rule a comb9ation ( high c>ds mass$ into two suits does n produce a ,no-trump]1 al?\gh ! same c>ds1 divid$ into ?ree suits1 may d s4 ,= example1 a h& conta9+ ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave1 9 "o suit2 ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 9 ano!r1 & ! two rema9+ suits ungu>d$1 %\ld n be bid ,no-trump1 al?\gh ! high c>ds are /rong] ?an ! example giv5 above ) /r5g? 9 ?ree suits4 ,admitt+ all ! advantage ( ! orig9al ,no-trump1 ev5 ! bolde/ bidd]s d n consid] x a s\nd decl>ation ) two def5seless suits1 unless "o ( ! /rong suits be e/abli%$ & ! o!r head$ by an ,ace4 ,! reason = ?is is easily und]/ood4 ,:5 ! adv]s>ies h a long suit ( :i* !y h all ! high c>ds1 ! *ances are t x w be op5$2 b if n1 x w soon be f\nd unless ! ,decl>] c at once run a suit ( consid]able l5g?4 ,:5 a suit is e/abli%$ by ! adv]s>ies1 ! ,decl>] is put 9 an emb>rass+ position1 & w\ld probably h be5 bett] (f play+ a ,trump decl>ation4 ,x is a reasonable risk to tru/ ! p>tn] to /op "o suit1 b x is be+ mu* too sangu9e to expect him to protect two4 ,%\ld he fail to h ei!r /opp$1 ! ,decl>]'s loss is s heavy t only ) a long & app>5tly e/abli%$ suit & an additional ,ace is ! risk ju/ifi$4 ,x is realiz$ t ! case cit$1 namely1 ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 & two o!rs1 may n prove to be an e/abli%$ 7or solid1 z x is (t5 call$7 suit4 ,if h[ev]1 ! division be at all ev51 z x is 9 ! va/ majority ( cases1 ! suit c be run1 & x is cit$ z ! m9imum hold+ :i* may be treat$ z e/abli%$4 ,) ! pres5t value ( ,clubs & ,diamonds1 ei!r suit pres5ts an effective orig9al decl>ation4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 mu* less excuse ?an =m]ly = a reckless ,no-trump bid1 bas$ ^u five or six ,club or ,diamond tricks & "o o!r suit /opp$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 an ,ace ( ano!r suit accompanies ! unusual ,club or ,diamond /r5g?1 ! advantage ( be+ ! fir/ to bid ,no-trump makes ! *ance wor? tak+4 ,! h&s above cit$ z conta9+ ! m9imum /r5g? to w>rant ! call are all :at are kn[n z weak ,no-trump]s4 ,?is k9d ( bidd+ may n be cons]vative1 b exp]i5ce has %[n x to be effective z long z x is kept )9 ! specifi$ limits4 ,a ,no-trump mu/1 h[ev]1 ju/ify ! p>tn] 9 act+ ^u ! assumption t ! bidd] has at lea/ ! /ipulat$ /r5g?1 & x m]ely c\rts disa/] to v5ture su* a decl>ation ) less ?an ! conv5tional hold+4 ,a few examples may possibly make ! above some:at m cle>1 z by t means ! v>i\s m9imum-/r5g? or bord]-l9e ,no-trump]s1 & also h&s :i* fall j bel[ ! m>k1 c be accurately %[n4 ,x w be und]/ood t an ef=t is made to give ! weake/ h&s :i* ju/ify ! ,no-trump decl>ation1 & also ! h&s :i* fall %ort by ! smalle/ possible m>g94 ,9 o!r words1 ! h&s :i* puzzle ! ,decl>]4 ,) great] /r5g? or great] weakness ! correct bid is pla9ly indicat$4 ,! suits are numb]$1 n designat$ by _! respective names1 9 ord] to emphasize t x does n matt] :]e ! weakness is locat$4 ,,h&s ,,9 ,,:i* ,,! ,,no-,,trump ,,decl>ation ,,is ,,d\btful ,suit #a ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x ,does n conta9 an ,ace1 b is #b ,k+1 ,x1 ,x above ! av]age & has f\r #c ,que51 ,knave1 ,x suits /opp$4 ,x is a ,no-trump #d ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 ,x bid4 ,suit #a ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x ,has an ,ace1 ?ree suits /opp$1 #b ,x1 ,x1 ,x & a ,knave ov] ! av]age4 ,x #c ,k+1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x is a ,no-trump bid4 #d ,que51 ,knave1 ,x ,suit #a ,ace1 ,que51 ,x ,has an ,ace & two face c>ds #b ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave m ?an ! av]age1 b1 n #c ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x hav+ ?ree suits /opp$1 is #d ,knave1 ,x1 ,x n a ,no-trump bid4 ,suit #a ,k+1 ,que51 ,x ,has ?ree suits /opp$1 b is #b ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x )\t an ,ace1 & is "o ,k+ #c ,que51 ,knave1 ,x %ort ( ?ree ,k+ suits all ) #d ,x1 ,x1 ,x ano!r face c>d4 ,x is n a ,no-trump bid4 ,suit #a ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x ,has ?ree ,k+-,que51 or #b ,k+1 ,que51 ,x ,k+-,knave suits4 ,x is a ,no-trump #c ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x bid4 #d ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,suit #a ,ace1 ,x1 ,x ,has ?ree suits /opp$ & is #b ,ace1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x above ! av]age4 ,x is a ,no-trump #c ,que51 ,knave1 ,x bid4 #d ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,suit #a ,ace1 ,x1 ,x ,?is is ! bord]-l9e h& #b ,k+1 ,x1 ,x m5tion$ above4 ,x may be a #c ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,no-trump bid = an exp]t1 b #d ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x ! mod]ate play] is h>dly ju/ifi$ 9 risk+ x4 ,! pres5ce ( "o or two ,t5s w\ld add mat]ially to ! /r5g? ( ?is h& & make x a ,no-trump4 ,suit #a ,ace1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,only above ! av]age to ! #b ,k+1 ,que51 ,x ext5t ( a ,que5 9 place ( #c ,que51 ,x1 ,x1 ,x a ,knave4 ,no-trump is n advis$ #d ,x1 ,x unless ,decl>] is confid5t he c outplay 8 adv]s>ies4 ,suit #a ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x ,an av]age h&4 ,) ?is hold+ #b ,k+1 ,x1 ,x only an exp]t is ju/ifi$ 9 #c ,que51 ,x1 ,x1 ,x bidd+ ,no-trump4 #d ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,suit #a ,ace1 ,x1 ,x ,bel[ ! av]age1 &1 !re=e1 #b ,k+1 ,x1 ,x only "o ,spade %\ld be bid4 #c ,que51 ,x1 ,x1 ,x #d ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,has ! weake/ solid suit or ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,x1 ,x t ) "o o!r ,ace w>rants ,diamonds a ,no-trump bid4 ,suit #b ,ace1 ,x1 ,x #c ,x1 ,x1 ,x #d ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x ,abs5ce ( ,que5 9 "o case1 & or or ( ,k+ 9 ! o!r1 keeps ! ,diamonds ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x suit f be+ e/abli%$4 ,ev5 ! pres5ce ( ! additional ,suit #b ,ace1 ,que51 ,x ,que5 9 ,suit #b does n make ?is #c ,x1 ,x1 ,x a ,no-trump]4 #d ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,abs5ce ( additional ,ace makes or ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,x1 ,x a ,no-trump inadvisable4 ,diamonds ,suit #b ,k+1 ,que51 ,x #c ,x1 ,x1 ,x #d ,x1 ,x ,x is realiz$ t 9 ! la/ ?ree cases cit$ ! m>g9 is unusually close2 ! la/ "o1 %\ld ! p>tn] happ5 to h ei!r ,suit #c or #d /opp$1 & ! ,ace & "s l5g? ( ,suit #b1 w\ld be v mu* /rong] ?an ! example ju/ify+ ! bid4 ,x is also true t a =tunate drop ( ! ,k+ or ,que5 ( ! long suit1 ) a little help f ! p>tn]1 w\ld make ! next to ! la/ ! /ronge/ ( ! ?ree4 ,x is idle1 h[ev]1 to speculate on :at ! p>tn] may h4 ,9 su* close cases x is mo/ important to inv>iably foll[ "s fix$ rule4 ,! play] :o guesses ea* "t may always be wrong1 :ile ! play] :o /icks to ! s\nd bid is sure to be "r mo/ ( ! "t4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t1 :5 only two suits are /opp$1 x is n wise to bid ,no-trump )\t bo? an ,ace & a solid suit1 & exp]i5ce is ! be/ tea*]4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,bid ,,two ,,no-,,trumps ,an orig9al bid ( m ?an "o ,no-trump is r>ely advisable1 z x is important t ! p>tn] be giv5 ! option ( bidd+ two ( a suit4 ,) great /r5g? su* a call %\ld nev] be made1 z 9 t case !re is no good reason = attempt+ to %ut out ! adv]s>y4 ,! only "* ( h& :i* ju/ifies />t+ ) two ,no-trumps is ! r>e comb9ation 9 :i* a long1 solid suit ( six or sev5 ,clubs or ,diamonds is held1 accompani$ by an ,ace or gu>d$ ,k+ 9 at lea/ two ( ! rema9+ suits1 ! idea be+ to %ut out adv]se ,royals or ,he>ts4 ,"s play]s believe 9 bidd+ two ,no-trumps ) e ,ace & n a face1 b t sort ( an ef=t to /eal ! #ajj is n ju/ifi$ z ! p>tn]'s h& may make a game1 :i* c\ld n be won at ,no-trumps1 obta9able 9 a suit decl>ation4 ,a game ) ! incid5tal score is wor? mu* m ?an "o hundr$ ,aces & only two odd tricks1 or p]*ance an unfill$ contract4 ,x is also important t ! bid be limit$ to ! "o case m5tion$1 z 9 t way x gives ! mo/ accurate in=mation4 ,,exception ,,to ,,! ,,no-,,trump ,,rule ,!re is "o important exception to mo/ ( ! ,no-trump bids above describ$1 & t is :5 ! h&1 :i* o!rwise w\ld be a ,no-trump]1 conta9s z its /rong suit five or m ,spades or ,he>ts4 ,x takes only "o m ,royal or ,he>t ?an x does ,no-trump to w9 ! game1 & ) a suit ungu>d$1 x is f> saf] & wis]1 ) su* a hold+1 to bid ! ,he>t or ,royal ?an ! ,no-trump4 ,= example1 ) ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 & two small ,clubs2 ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 & "o ,diamond2 ,que51 ,knave1 & "o ,he>t2 & "o ,spade1 ! bid w\ld unque/ionably be ,no-trump4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ,club & ,spade hold+ be transpos$1 a ,royal %\ld be decl>$4 ,:5 !re is a score :i* places ! ,club or ,diamond )9 f\r tricks ( game1 ^! suits become z valuable z ! ,he>t or ,royal1 ) ! score at love1 & %\ld be treat$ accord+ly4 ,! ,decl>] %\ld be> 9 m9d t z ! game is ! desid]atum1 ! sure/1 n ! mo/ glori\s or enjoyable1 r\te ( rea*+ x %\ld be *os54 ,:5 ,no-trump is decl>$ ) a h& conta9+ a def5celess suit1 !re is a grave *ance t ! adv]s>ies may save game by mak+ five tricks 9 t suit be=e ! ,decl>] c obta9 ! lead4 ,) five or m /rong c>ds ( a suit & two o!r suits /opp$1 f\r tricks are m probable ) ! suit decl>ation ?an ?ree ) ,no-trump1 b ?ree ) ! ,no-trump are m likely ?an five ) ! suit4 ,x1 !re=e1 dep5ds ^u :i* suit be held :e!r x or ,no-trump %\ld be bid4 ,! incl9ation :i* _m play]s h = a ,no-trump bid %\ld be firmly curb$1 :5 ! hold+ is ( ! "* m5tion$ & ! /r5g? is 9 ,spades or ,he>ts4 ,a v diff]5t case arises1 h[ev]1 :5 all ! suits are /opp$2 ! ,deal] is !n1 ! game be+ probable ) ei!r decl>ation1 ju/ifi$ 9 bidd+ ei!r ! ,no-trump or ! suit1 z he may pref]1 & ! value ( ! honors he holds %\ld be an important factor 9 guid+ 8 decision4 ,:5 he has m ?an five ,spades or ,he>ts1 ! suit decl>ation is g5]ally to be pref]r$1 ev5 ) all suits /opp$1 unless ! h& conta9 f\r ,aces4 ,a few examples foll[3-- ,spades ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,x1 ,x ,:ile ?is h& conta9s ?ree ,he>ts ,ace1 ,que51 ,x ,aces1 x is m apt to score ,diamonds ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x game ) ,royals ?an )\t a ,clubs ,x ,trump4 ,) ! ,spade & ,club or ,spade & ,diamond suits transpos$1 x is a ,no-trump]4 ,spades ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,x ,n hav+ five ,spades1 ?is h& ,he>ts ,ace1 ,que51 ,x1 ,x is a ,no-trump bid4 ,! fact t ,diamonds ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x x conta9s a s+leton is an ,clubs ,x argum5t 9 favor ( a suit decl>ation1 b ) only f\r ,spades x is saf] to risk ! ,clubs ?an long adv]se ,spades ) "o m trick requir$ = game4 ,spades ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 ,x ,a ,no-trump]1 z x has ?ree ,he>ts ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave suits /opp$ & conta9s an ,diamonds ,x ,ace4 ,a transposition ( ! ,clubs ,clubs ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x to ,spades or ,he>ts w\ld make x a ,trump decl>ation4 ,spades ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x ,c be decl>$ ei!r ,royals ,he>ts ,ace1 ,que5 or ,no-trump1 z f\r suits are ,diamonds ,ace1 ,x1 ,x /opp$ & x has five /rong ,clubs ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x ,spades4 ,! #cj ,aces z comp>$ ) #ah honors 9 ,royals & ! abs5ce ( a s+leton make ! ,no-trump m attractive4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ,t5 ( ,spades be sub/itut$ = a small ,spade1 ! #gb honors w\ld make x a ,royal4 ,spades ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x ,:ile ! f\r ,suits are /opp$1 ,he>ts ,k+1 ,que51 ,t51 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ! l5g? 9 ,he>ts makes ! ,diamonds ,ace1 ,x suit call ! m advisable4 ,clubs ,ace1 ,x ,spades ,k+1 ,que51 ,t5 ,! ,diamond is tempt+1 z a ,he>ts ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t5 score ( #ef honors is comp>$ ,diamonds ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave ) possibly #cj adv]se aces4 ,clubs ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ?ree miss+ ,aces be held by ! adv]s>ies1 game _c be scor$ 9 ,diamonds1 & a game is always wor? m ?an #ajj4 ,x is !re=e a ,no-trump4 ,,suit ,,decl>ations ,= "s reason ! ,deal] is m apt to make faulty suit bids ?an unw>rant$ ,no-trump]s4 ,x seems z difficult = ! old ,:i/ & ,bridge play] z x is = ! novice to realize t ev5 excessive l5g? does n ju/ify an orig9al suit call1 unless ! suit conta9 ei!r ! ,ace or ! ,k+4 ,x1 also1 is j z important to rememb] t if ! suit does n conta9 bo? ! ,ace & ! ,k+1 ! h& mu/ 9 addition h at lea/ "o o!r honor 9 ! suit nam$1#c & "o o!r sure trick4 ,by sure trick 9 ?is connection is n meant m]ely a suit /opp$1 b a trick t c be won n lat] ?an ! second r\nd2 9 o!r words1 ei!r an ,ace or a ,k+ & ,que51 or ,k+ & ,knave1 ( ! same suit4 #c ,:ile1 z a g5]al rule1 to ju/ify an orig9al suit decl>ation1 "o o!r honor %\ld accompany ei!r ,ace or ,k+1 x is n necess>y to bl9dly foll[ su* a requirem5t to an absurd extreme4 ,if ! suit be head$ by ! ,ace1 ei!r unusual l5g? 7six or m7 or consid]able /r5g? 9 ano!r suit 7,ace & ,k+1 or ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave7 w\ld ju/ify a call )\t "o o!r honor4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! suit be head$ by ! ,k+1 ! pres5ce ( ano!r honor is ess5tial unless ! l5g? or additional /r5g? be extraord9>y4 ,/at+ 9 ano!r way ! comb9ation ( high c>ds requisite = an orig9al suit bid1 x may be said t a suit %\ld nev] be orig9ally decl>$ unless ! h& conta9 two sure high-c>d tricks1 "o ( :i* mu/ be 9 ! suit nam$4 ,^! sure high-c>d tricks mu/ be ei!r two ,aces or _! equival5t 9 value = trick-tak+ purposes4 ,! reason is obvi\s4 ,! decl>ation ( a suit by an in=matory bidd] tells ! p>tn]1 n only t ! bidd] is satisfi$ to h t h& play$ ) ! suit nam$ z ! ,trump1 b also t 8 hold+ w be helpful to ! ext5t ( at lea/ two tricks1 "o ( :i* is 9 8 suit1 %\ld ! decl>ation be %ift$ to ,no-trump4 ,?is is "o ( ! simple/ & mo/ vital rules ( bidd+1 yet x is probably ! mo/ frequ5tly disreg>d$4 ,innum]able po9ts h appe>$ 9 ! adv]se honor column because a p>tn] has prop]ly assum$ t an orig9al suit call %[$ ! high-c>d /r5g? j m5tion$1 only to f9d out too late t ! bidd]1 ) p]haps a c\ple ( ,k+s1 _h yield$ to ! lure ( l5g?4 ,ev5 at ! risk ( seem+ repetition1 x is necess>y to be a little m explicit ^u ?is subject4 ,:5 ! ,deal] bids a suit1 he says3 ,p>tn]1 ,i h great /r5g? 9 ?is suit2 x is probable t ,i h bo? ! ,ace & ,k+1 b if n1 ,i h ei!r ! ,ace or ,k+1 support$ by at lea/ "o o!r honor1#d & ! ,ace or ! ,k+ & ,que51 or ,k+ & ,knave1 ( "s o!r suit2 y c bid ,no-trump or d\ble any adv]se decl>ation1 positively assur$ t ,i w support y to ! ext5t nam$4 #d ,see footnote1 page #ca4 ,! hold+ 9 ! suit :i* is decl>$1 is vital4 ,take1 = example1 su* a h& z ,que51 ,knave1 & five small ,he>ts2 & ! ,ace & ,k+ ( ,clubs4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,deal] wants to play ?is h& ) ,he>ts z ,trump1 b he %\ld n bid a ,he>t at ! />t1 z he has n ! ,ace or ,k+4 ,! fact t he has bo? ! ,ace & ,k+ ( ,clubs does n ju/ify a ,he>t call )\t ei!r ! ,ace or ,k+ ( ,he>ts4 ,) ! h& cit$ !re w be pl5ty ( "t to bid ,he>ts lat]4 ,! rule :i* gov]ns ?is case is ! f\ndation ( mod]n bidd+2 x is )\t exception1 is n affect$ by ! score1 & is ! mo/ important ( all ,auction conv5tions4 ,e play] %\ld resolve t1 :atev] 8 o!r %ortcom+s may be1 he w treat x z a v]itable law ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 & t nev]1 z ,deal]1 w he call a suit unless he hold ! ,ace or ,k+ ( x1 & ! o!r requisite /r5g?4 ,! comb9ation ( high c>ds above m5tion$1 h[ev]1 is n 9 itself suffici5t to ju/ify a suit decl>ation4 ,!re mu/1 9 addition1 be l5g? 9 ! suit4 ,?is is j z ess5tial 9 ,clubs or ,diamonds z 9 ,he>ts or ,royals4 ,! p>tn] may h great /r5g?1 & yet be unable to /op ! adv]se suit4 ,a ,no-trump be+ ?us elim9at$1 he1 act+ on ! assurance giv5 by ! orig9al call1 may c>ry ! suit to high figures4 ,?is is sure to prove disa/r\s1 unless ! orig9al bidd] has l5g? z well z /r5g?4 ,z a g5]al rule1 five is ! m9imum l5g? ) :i* a suit %\ld be call$1 b ) great /r5g?1 su* z ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave2 ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave2 or ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 9 ! suit1 c\pl$ ) ano!r ,ace2 or a ,k+ & ,que51 a bid ) a f\r-c>d comb9ation may be v5tur$4 ,a f\r-c>d suit1 head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 may be call$ )\t o!r /r5g?4 ,a %ort suit1 t is1 "o ( ?ree c>ds or less1 %\ld nev] be bid orig9ally1 reg>dless ( its /r5g?4 ,ev5 ! hold+ ( ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 does n ju/ify ! nam+ ( su* a suit4 ,:ile ! doctr9e above enunciat$ z to ! m9imum /r5g? requir$ = a ,trump bid is unque/ionably logical & is n[ reg>d$ z conv5tional by a v l>ge proportion ( ! exp]t play]s ( ,auction1 x is only natural t !re %\ld be "s diss5t4 ,!re is a c]ta9 "* ( m9d t always desires to c>ry any s\nd !ory to dang]\s extremes1 &1 consequ5tly1 "s play]s & writ]s h se5 fit1 :ile adopt+ ! !ory :i* has alt]$ ! old sy/em ( always />t+ ) "o ,spade into ! mod]n in=matory game1 to advocate ext5sions :i* w\ld practically elim9ate ! def5sive decl>ation4 ,^! extremi/s desire to p]mit a ,deal] to bid :5ev] he has a long suit1 reg>dless ( :e!r x be head$ by high c>ds1 & also :e!r x w\ld aid a ,no-trump4 ,"o sy/em sugge/$ is t a ,trump be call$ :5ev] ! ,deal] holds any suit :i* c\nts #g1 on ! basis ( an ,ace or face c\nt+ #b1 & any l[] c>d1 #a4 ,! believ]s 9 ?is doctr9e w\ld1 !re=e1 bid a ,club f su* a h& z ,que51 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 )\t any possibility ( ano!r trick2 or ev5 f ,knave1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x4 ,! absurdity ( ?is becomes obvi\s :5 x is rememb]$ t ! only real object 9 bidd+ a ,club or ,diamond is to %[ /r5g? :i* w ju/ify ! p>tn] 9 decl>+ "o ( ! ?ree game-go+ decl>ations4 ,any su* hold+ z t m5tion$ n only does n help any o!r decl>ation1 b z a matt] ( fact is a h& s f> "u ! trick-tak+ av]age t1 if any me?od c\ld be devis$ by :i* weakness c\ld be emphasiz$ m /rongly ?an by mak+ ! def5sive decl>ation1 su* a h& w\ld fully ju/ify employ+ x4 ,x is difficult to conceive :at b5efit c result to a p>tn]%ip f any su* weakness be+1 = ! purpose ( ! decl>ation1 *ang$ into alleg$ /r5g?4 ,if a play] decl>e ) any su* comb9ation1 8 p[] to give in=mation :5 he really possesses /r5g? ( c\rse imm$iately ceases to exi/1 & ! entire /ructure ( in=mative bidd+ !reby drops to pieces4 ,! sy/em ( suit decl>ations above outl9$1 & ^u :i* all t is h]e9aft] sugge/$ 9 relation to bidd+ is bas$1 mu/ be foll[$ by play]s :o wi% to give _! p>tn]s accurate data1 & :ile x may be tempt+ at times to dep>t f ! conv5tional1 ! m frequ5tly su* exception is made by ! ,deal] 9 8 bid1 ! m (t5 does misund]/&+ betwe5 ! p>tn]s ensue4 ,,v>i\s ,,ideas ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,spade ,,bid ,e game ( ! ,:i/ family has "s po9t ^u :i* exp]ts disagree1 & :i*1 consequ5tly1 produces app>5tly int]m9able discussion4 ,9 ,auction1 x is ! two ,spade bid1 & no less ?an f\r recogniz$ factions h widely div]g5t views conc]n+ x4 ,^! views may be briefly /at$ z foll[s3-- 7a7 ,) ! bord]-l9e ,no-trump]s n[ 9 vogue1 a h& n /rong en\gh to bid ,no-trump is too weak to w>rant any call b "o ,spade4 ,! two ,spade bid is1 !re=e1 useless & %\ld nev] be made4 7b7 ,! two ,spade bid %\ld be us$ z a ,no-trump invitation ) any h& n q /rong en\gh to ju/ify a ,no-trump call4 ,hav+ ?is mean+ x does n matt] :e!r ! h& conta9 any ,spade /r5g?4 7c7 ,! two ,spade bid %\ld be us$ z a ,no-trump invitation1 b mu/ also give ! additional in=mation t ! h& conta9s at lea/ "o trick 9 ,spades4 7d7 ,! two ,spade bid %\ld be us$ to tell ! p>tn] t ! h& has ! high-c>d /r5g? to bid "o ,royal1 b n suffici5t l5g?4 ,x ?us becomes ei!r a ,no-trump or ,royal invitation4 ,all ^! sy/ems h _! advocates1 mo/ ( :om refuse to see m]it 9 any plan b _! own4 ,x is only fair1 h[ev]1 be=e rea*+ a def9ite conclusion to accord to all a fair & dispassionate consid]ation4 7a7 ,! argum5t t1 z long z light ,no-trump]s are conv5tional1 any h& n suffici5tly /rong to call ,no-trump is too weak to ju/ify decl>+ m ?an "o ,spade1 has consid]able =ce4 ,beyond "q1 _m foll[]s ( plans b & c call two ,spades :5 _! hold+s d n w>rant su* action1 b ! fact t a decl>ation is at times abus$ is f> f be+ a suffici5t reason = wip+ x (f ! ,auction map1 & say+ to ^? :o desire to use x rationally1 ,no1 because "s play]s see fit to make ?is bid ) two ,knaves & a ,que51 x is n safe to all[ y ! privilege ( us+ x sanely1 wisely1 & at ! appropriate "t4 ,! support]s ( a1 h[ev]1 g fur!r1 & say t ! h&s 9 :i* a ,no-trump _c be call$1 b ) :i* ! invitation %\ld be ext5d$ to ! p>tn] to bid x1 are s r>e t ! ret5tion ( ! two ,spade call m]ely encumb]s ! catalogue ( ! ,decl>] ) a bid t is practically obsolete4 ,?is1 if x be true1 w\ld be mo/ conv9c+1 b x is s surpris+ a /atem5t t x %\ld be exam9$ be=e be+ accept$4 ,e h& t class d w\ld bid two ,spades w\ld be simil>ly call$ by b & c1 & at lea/ n9ety-n9e p] c5t4 ( exp]t ,auction play]s conc$e t su* a bid is s\nd4 ,= example3-- ,spades ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave ,he>ts ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,diamonds ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,ace1 ,que51 ,x has /r5g? :i* des]ves1 if possible1 to be %[n4 ,?is is m]ely a sample ( a h& :i* w\ld be a ,royal1 if l5g? 9 ,spades accompani$ ! /r5g?4 ,su* h&s come )9 ! d classification1 & are n r>e4 ,?is mu/ be admitt$ :5 x is consid]$ t ?ree- or f\r-c>d suits are mu* m frequ5tly held ?an suits ( great] l5g?4 ,!re=e1 two ,spades %\ld be bid m (t5 ?an "o ,royal4 ,) ! s+le exception ( ,no-trump1 ,royals is ! call mo/ frequ5tly play$2 consequ5tly1 z a prelim9>y call1 two ,spades mu/ be us$ m con/antly ?an any decl>ation1 except ,no-trump4 ,exp]i5ce be>s out ?is argum5t1 & x1 !re=e1 seems t ! a allegations are n support$ by exam9ation4 ,x is obvi\s t ! m orig9al calls ) :i* x is possible to equip a ,deal]1 ! m accurately c he di/+ui% = ! b5efit ( 8 p>tn] betwe5 ! diff]5t classes ( hold+s4 ,x !re=e seems absurd to cont5d t ! bid ( two spades %\ld be elim9at$4 7b7 ,! argum5t pres5t$ by ! b s*ool is also at fir/ q conv9c+4 ,take su* a h& z ,spades ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,he>ts ,ace1 ,x1 ,x ,diamonds ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x ,clubs ,knave1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,x is j too weak = a ,no-trump1 b at fir/ glance seems too /rong = a ,spade4 ,:y1 h[ev]1 %\ld x be too /rong = a ,spade8 ,x is "u ! av]age1 :i* means ! hold+ ( ! p>tn] mu/ be q a bit bett] ?an ! av]age to get "o odd4 ,if he h su* a h& he w decl>e x 9 any ev5t1 & ! deal] c !n help4 ,fur!rmore1 ?is sy/em does n po9t out any "o suit z /opp$1 &1 !re=e1 gives ! m9imum degree ( in=mation4 ,x is practically say+1 ,i bid half a ,no-trump4 ,x is q d\btful :e!r ! hold+ ess5tial = su* a bid c be prop]ly limit$ & :e!r x w n tempt bidd+ ) too great weakness4 ,fur!rmore1 x mu/ be tak5 out4 ,! ,?ird ,h& _c all[ 8 p>tn] to play two ,spades1 & if he be weak1 all he c d "u ?is sy/em is to call ?ree ,spades1 :i* only makes matt]s worse1 z x is sure to be d\bl$1 & ! deal] mu/ 9 turn take t out4 ,to d ?is ) ! h& above cit$1 he mu/ ei!r call two ,clubs ) f\r to a ,knave1 or "o ,diamond ) ?ree to ! ,k+1 ,knave4 ,! tr\ble is evid5t--! result apt to be un=tunate4 ,if ! p>tn] ) av]age /r5g? accept su* a ,no-trump invitation1 ! contract _c be fulfill$2 :ile if he be /rong1 he w bid 9 any ev5t1 s :]e is ! advantage ( ! call8 ,= "o purpose1 h[ev]1 ?is sy/em ( bid seems s\nd4 ,if ! deal] be a poor play] & ! ,?ird ,h& an exp]t1 x is = ! b5efit ( ! p>tn]%ip t ! ,?ird ,h& be ! ,decl>]4 ,:5 ! ,deal] holds a real ,no-trump]1 b wi%es 8 p>tn] to become ! ,decl>]1 ! two ,spade1--n invitation1 b comm&1--has real m]it1 b z few play]s ei!r conc$e _! own inf]iority or are will+ to all[ _! p>tn]s to play a majority ( ! h&s1 ?is app>5t argum5t 9 favor ( ! plan w n appeal to _m1 & w1 !re=e1 seldom prove ( s]vice4 7c7 ,?is comes ne>] be+ logical1 z x %[s "o ,spade trick1 &1 !re=e1 indicates help = a p>tn]'s ,royal1 b ) t exception1 x is subject to ! same objections z b4 ,x is tr\blesome to take out1 & :5 comp>$ ) d gives extremely limit$ in=mation4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be ( di/9ct advantage = a play] :o does n approve ( light ,no-trump]s4 ,foll[]s ( ! !ory t ! call ( "o ,no-trump means f\r or five sure tricks w c]ta9ly f9d c or ev5 b an advantage\s sy/em1 b ! advantage ( gett+ to ! ,no-trump fir/ is s manife/ t ! light decl>ations h become g5]ally popul>1 & b few ( ! ,i-w-n-decl>e-unless-,i-h-!-'goods' bidd]s are n[ to be f\nd4 ,if a play] believe 9 call+ ,no-trump ) ! m9imum /r5g? n[ consid]$ suffici5t1 he has little use = ei!r b or c4 ,x is self-evid5t t c _c be us$ z (t5 z b1 s ! ,decl>] :o likes always to say some?+ w pref] b1 b ! bidd] :o wi%es1 :5 he calls1 to h di/9ct value atta*$ to 8 ann\ncem5t1 w elect 9 favor ( c r ?an b1 & = ! same reason w f9d d ! be/ sy/em ( all4 7d7 ,x is t[>d ?is sy/em t ! evolution ( mod]n bidd+ is turn+4 ,true1 two ,spades _c be decl>$ z frequ5tly :5 d is us$ z :5 b or c is employ$1 b ! d bid conveys in=mation s compreh5sive & important t "o call is ( great] value ?an sev]al b or c bids1 :i*1 at be/1 furni% ! p>tn] ) indef9ite data4 ,x makes ! weakness take-out ( ! p>tn]1 namely1 "o ,royal1 easy & logical1 & 9 e way seems ! s\nde/1 safe/1 simple/1 & mo/ conducive to game-w9n+ ( all ! plans sugge/$4 ,x invites equally ! two mo/ important decl>ations1 makes easy ! position ( ! p>tn] :5 he holds long1 weak ,spades1 & is d\btless de/9$1 9 a %ort "t1 to be ! only two-,spade sy/em 9 use1 unless x be f\nd advisable to include 9 ! rep]tory ( ! orig9al decl>] bo? b & d4 ,?is c be readily accompli%$ by call+ two ,spades = b2 ?ree ,spades = d2 & f\r ,spades = ! comb9ation h]e9aft] giv51 = :i* ! decl>ation ( ?ree ,spades is sugge/$4 ,no s]i\s objection c be advanc$ to ?is plan1 except t x is some:at complicat$1 & = a light ,no-trump bidd]1 possibly unnecess>y4 ,x is a totally new idea1 b believ$ to be ( suffici5t value to entitle x to a trial4 ,z x is impossible to decl>e or play intellig5tly :5 any d\bt exi/s betwe5 p>tn]s reg>d+ ! conv5tion employ$1 & z x is wise n to foll[ uns\nd !ories1 no fur!r ref]5ce w be made to a1 b1 or c plans4 ,! d sy/em w be fully describ$1 & all sugge/ions t h]e9aft] appe> w be bas$ ^u ! supposition t x is be+ us$4 ,,! ,,two ,,spade ,,bid#e ,! bid ( two ,spades is a %[+ ( ,spade /r5g?1 ) a h& :i* does n conta9 ,spade l5g? suffici5t to ju/ify ! bid ( "o ,royal4 #e ,see page #hi1 z to h[ ! p>tn] %\ld treat ?is decl>ation2 also table on pages #fh & #fi4 ,! latt] is ! m advantage\s decl>ation1 & %\ld be made :5ev] five ,spades ) ! requisite high-c>d /r5g? are held4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! h& conta9s ! /r5g?1 b n ! l5g?1 = a ,royal call1 ! bid ( two ,spades is a mo/ useful sub/itute4 ,x may be made ) ?ree or f\r ,spades 9 any case 9 :i*1 ) five1 "o ,royal c\ld be decl>$1 except ! solit>y in/ance ( hold+ ,ace & ,k+ ( ,spades )\t ano!r trick ( any k9d4 ,a ,royal may be call$ ) five1 head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 z1 %\ld ! bid /&1 ! ?ree small ,trumps w\ld surely take "o trick4 ,e orig9al (f5sive decl>ation is bas$ ^u a m9imum ( ?ree tricks4 ,?is pr9ciple applies to ! bid ( two ,spades1 &1 !re=e1 a h& conta9+ less ?an five ,spades1 head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 & no o!r w9n+ c>d1 is a "o ,spade call1 z x is "o & "o-qu>t] tricks bel[ ! av]age4 ,:5 a play] bids two ,spades1 he s5ds 8 p>tn] a message :i* gives in=mation ab\t z foll[s3 ,i h ?ree or f\r ,spades ) two or ?ree high honors1 & 9 addition1 unless ,i h ,ace1 ,k+1 & ,que5 ( ,spades1 ,i h "o o!r suit well /opp$4 ,my h& does n w>rant a ,no-trump1 because ,i h only two suits /opp$4 ,z ,i h n m ?an f\r ,spades1 ,i d n wi% to bid a ,royal2 ,i am too /rong to be satisfi$ ) "o ,spade1 s ,i bid two = ! purpose ( enc\rag+ y to call ,no-trump or ,royals4 ,su* a decl>ation c]ta9ly gives v accurate in=mation1 & %\ld be us$ :5ev] su* a h& occurs1 b n "u any o!r circum/ances4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,spade ,,bid#f ,! decl>ation ( ?ree ,spades by ! ,deal] is a v rec5t idea & is also mo/ in=matory4 ,x says3 ,p>tn]1 ,i am anxi\s to h ,royals ! ,trump1 b ,i _c make t decl>ation n[1 z ,i h n ! requisite high c>ds4 ,i probably h n ! ,ace ( ,spades1 & ! *ances are t ,i am )\t ! ,k+ also4 ,ei!r because ! balance ( my h& is s /rong t ,i fe> ,i w be left 9 ) "o ,spade1 or = "s o!r reason1 ,i d n wi% to op5 ) ! def5sive decl>ation & wait = a lat] r\nd to %[ /r5g?4 ,y c c\nt on me = five or m 7probably m7 ,spades & o!r /r5g?4 #f ,see page #ij1 z to h[ ! p>tn] %\ld treat ?is decl>ation4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,bid ,,two ,,9 ,,ei!r ,,royals ,,or ,,he>ts ,ano!r case to consid] 9 bidd+ by ! ,deal] is :5 m ?an "o ( any game-scor+ suit %\ld be decl>$4 ,! orig9al !ory ( decl>ation 0 to )hold f ! table z long z possible all in=mation reg>d+ ! /r5g? ( ! h&2 !re=e1 to />t ) "o 9 ! real suit 0 reg>d$ z mo/ unwise1 & to bid two w\ld h be5 deem$ ! act ( a lunatic4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ! orig9al suit decl>ation ( m ?an "o is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ to be an important "p ( ! f9esse ( ! skill$ bidd]1 & su* bidd+1 :5 ju/ifi$ by ! h&1 is recogniz$ z em95tly wise & prop]4 ,:5 ! two & ?ree orig9al ,trump bids fir/ came into vogue1 !y 7 us$ indiscrim9ately ) great l5g?1 reg>dless ( :e!r or n high c>ds head$ ! suit4 ,! mean+ ( ! bid 0 ,d n take me out1 & x 0 made "u widely div]g5t conditions4 ,no di/9ction 0 drawn betwe5 a h& :i* might be trickless z an aid to1 or def5se aga9/1 a ,no-trump decl>ation1 & "o :i* w\ld produce sev5 or eight tricks "u su* circum/ances4 ,?is k9d ( bidd+ 0 f\nd to be mu* too confus+ = ! p>tn]1 & prev5t$ him f r5d]+ intellig5t support4 ,x is n[ realiz$ t x is f> wis] ) l5g?1 no matt] h[ great1 b )\t comm&+ c>ds1 to />t ) a ,spade & !n bid ! long suit on ! succe$+ r\nd1 ?us practically photograph+ ! h& = ! p>tn] & en]getically wav+ ! r$ flag = any decl>ation b ! "o suit4 ,take1 = example1 su* a h& z sev5 ,he>ts1 head$ by ,que51 ,knave2 ,ace1 ,knave1 & two ,clubs2 two small ,diamonds1 & no ,spades4 ,an orig9al two ,he>t or "o ,club call w\ld grossly mislead ! p>tn] )\t be+ ( any real advantage1 b "o ,spade foll[$ by two ,he>ts1 or ev5 ?ree1 if necess>y1 %[s ! exact situation4 ,z long z ! h& conta9+ a long suit is n s /rong t !re is grave dang] ( its be+ left 9 ) "o ,spade1 x %\ld be />t$ ) ! def5sive decl>ation4 ,:5 su* great /r5g? exi/s1 a s\nd op5+ bid inv>iably pres5ts itself4 ,x1 !re=e1 becomes app>5t t an orig9al suit bid ( two or ?ree1 j z necess>ily z a bid ( "o1 %\ld demon/rate ! und]ly+ pr9ciple ( orig9al suit decl>ations--namely1 /r5g?1 z well z l5g?4 ,! incid5tal object 9 bidd+ m ?an "o orig9ally is to w>n ! p>tn] t ! ,deal] pref]s to play ! suit nam$ r ?an a d\btful ,no-trump2 ! ma9 reason1 h[ev]1 is1 if possible1 to %ut out adv]se bidd+4 ,:5 !re is great l5g? 9 ei!r ,spades or ,he>ts & di/9ct weakness 9 ! o!r1 a two or ?ree bid is mo/ advisable4 ,9 t case1 ! /r5g? 9 ! o!r suit may be entirely ) ! adv]s>ies & may be divid$ betwe5 !m4 ,!y c\ld readily f9d ?is out1 if all[$ to />t ) a *eap bid1 b x frequ5tly happ5s t nei!r is suffici5tly /rong to make a high decl>ation )\t assi/ance f 8 p>tn]4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has suffici5t /r5g? 9 ei!r ,royals or ,he>ts to bid m ?an "o1 &1 9 addition1 has consid]able /r5g? 9 ! o!r suits1 x is z a rule advisable to bid b "o1 z 9 t case he does n wi% to fright5 (f adv]se bidd+1 b pref]s to enc\rage x ) ! hope t x may rea* a po9t :i* w give him a safe & pr(itable d\ble4 ,six sure tricks ) ! possibility ( m is ! m9imum /r5g? = an orig9al call ( two ,he>ts or two ,royals4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,bid ,,?ree ,,9 ,,ei!r ,,royals ,,or ,,he>ts ,an orig9al bid ( ?ree ,royals or ,he>ts is ju/ifi$ by a h& 9 :i* suffici5t /r5g? exi/s to make x probable t ! decl>ation w be successful1 & :i* nev]!less _c effectively def5d aga9/ a high bid by ! adv]s>ies 9 ! o!r suit4 ,z a rule ?is is a two-suit h&1 & 9 a g5u9e two-suit] x (t5 happ5s t "o side may be able to w9 elev5 tricks 9 ,royals or ,he>ts1 :ile _! adv]s>ies c capture a simil> numb] 9 ! o!r4 ,! ?ree bid is1 ( c\rse1 a %ut-out measure1 & %\ld be employ$ = t purpose only4 ,sev5 sure tricks1 ) ! possibility ( m1 is ! m9imum /r5g? = an orig9al call ( ?ree ,he>ts or ?ree ,royals4 ,,! ,,two ,,bid ,,9 ,,diamonds ,,or ,,clubs ,! orig9al bid ( two 9 ei!r ,diamonds or ,clubs ) ! score at love is a totally diff]5t "* ( decl>ation f two ,he>ts or two ,royals4 ,! ,deal] does n ) ?is decl>ation say1 ,let me /ay 9 & make game1 b he does say1 ,i h a long suit 7at lea/ five c>ds7 head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ) no consid]able support on ! side4 7,if ,i _h ano!r ,ace1 ,i w\ld bid ,no-trump47 ,n[ y "k my exact h&4 ,:5 !re is a score :i* places ,diamonds or ,clubs )9 f\r tricks ( game1 ! orig9al bid ( two or m 9 ei!r suit is ( exactly ! same significance z a simil> call ( ,royals or ,he>ts1 ) ! score at love4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,decl>e ,,two-,,suit ,,h&s ,! only rema9+ case ( orig9al decl>ation by ! ,deal] is ! h& ) two suits1 bo? ( :i* are ( suffici5t /r5g? to bid4 ,z a g5]al rule1 x is wis] fir/ to call ! l[] 9 value1 & !n to decl>e ! high] on ! next r\nd4 ,?is gives ! maximum am\nt ( in=mation1 b %\ld only be attempt$ :5 ! h& cle>ly indicates t !re w be ano!r opportunity to bid1 z o!rwise ! ,deal] may be left 9 ) a non-game-produc+ decl>ation4 ,! ,deal] mu/ det]m9e f ! composition ( 8 h& :e!r a second opportunity to bid is assur$4 ,:5 he is n v /rong1 ! *ances are t "s "o else w decl>e4 ,:5 he is )\t a suit or has a s+leton1 x is a reasonably safe assumption t "s "o w be /rong en\gh 9 t suit to call x4 ,a few examples foll[ ( h&s :i* h ! m9imum /r5g? to ju/ify ! v>i\s ,trump calls & also ( h&s :i*1 by a small m>g91 fall %ort3-- ,,h&s ,,9 ,,:i* ,a ,,trump ,,decl>ation ,,is ,,d\btful ,spades ,ace1 ,k+1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,has five ,spades head$ by ,ace ,he>ts ,x1 ,x1 ,x & ,k+4 ,) ,royals ,trump has ,diamonds ,x1 ,x1 ,x two high-c>d tricks1 & c ,clubs ,x1 ,x take at lea/ "o ) small c>ds4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a "o ,royal bid4 ,spades ,k+1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,has n high-c>d /r5g? ,he>ts ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x suffici5t = ei!r a ,he>t or ,diamonds ,x1 ,x two-,spade bid4 ,"o ,spade is ! ,clubs ,x1 ,x correct call4 ,spades ,x1 ,x ,complies ) all ! requirem5ts ,he>ts ,k+1 ,que51 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ( a ,he>t bid4 ,diamonds ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x ,clubs ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,has only f\r ,he>ts2 is1 ,he>ts ,k+1 ,que51 ,x1 ,x !re=e1 a "o ,spade call4 ,diamonds ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x ,clubs ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,has only f\r ,he>ts1 b has ,he>ts ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave1 ,x suffici5t high-c>d /r5g? ,diamonds ,ace1 ,que51 ,x to ju/ify a ,he>t bid4 ,clubs ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,ace1 ,que51 ,x1 ,x ,a two ,spade bid2 ) "o m ,he>ts ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,spade1 x w\ld be "o ,royal4 ,diamonds ,ace1 ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x ,a two ,spade bid4 ,) two m ,he>ts ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,spades1 x w\ld be "o ,royal4 ,diamonds ,k+1 ,que51 ,x ,clubs ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x ,ei!r two ,spades or "o ,club ,he>ts ,x1 ,x c\ld be bid1 b ! ,club is ,diamonds ,x1 ,x di/9ctly pref]able4 ,clubs ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,k+1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,a "o ,spade bid1 z x has n ,he>ts ,ace1 ,x1 ,x two honors 9 ,spades4 ,diamonds ,knave1 ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,knave1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,que51 ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 ,x1 ,a ?ree ,spade bid2 _c be ,x1 ,x />t$ z a ,royal )\t ,ace ,he>ts ,ace1 ,que5 or ,k+1 & s /rong1 "o ,spade ,diamonds ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x might n be ov]bid4 ,clubs ,k+ ,spades ,none ,a two or ?ree ,he>t bid4 ,he>ts ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 ,x ,diamonds ,que51 ,knave1 ,t5 ,clubs ,ace1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,ace1 ,k+ ,a "o ,he>t bid4 ,s /rong t ,he>ts ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 a high] call is unnecess>y1 z ,x1 ,x adv]se bidd+ is desir$4 ,diamonds ,que51 ,knave1 ,t5 ,clubs ,k+1 ,que5 ,spades ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 ,a ?ree ,royals bid4 ,important to ,x1 ,x1 ,x %ut out adv]se bidd+4 ,he>ts ,none ,diamonds ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,ace1 ,k+1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,x1 ,x ,a two ,diamonds bid4 ,he>ts ,k+1 ,x1 ,x ,diamonds ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,x1 ,x ,spades ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x ,%\ld ei!r be bid "o ,club ,he>ts ,x & subsequ5tly ,royals1 or ,diamonds ,x1 ,x />t$ at two ,royals to %ut out ,clubs ,ace1 ,k+1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x o!r bidd+4 ,spades ,k+1 ,x ,:ile ?is h& has m ?an ,he>ts ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que5 suffici5t high-c>d /r5g? to ,diamonds ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ju/ify an (f5sive bid1 x is only ,clubs ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x a ,spade4 ,two ,spades w\ld mislead ! p>tn] z to l5g? & /r5g? ( ,spades & might induce him to bid high ,royals2 "o ,he>t w\ld mislead him z to l5g? ( ,he>ts2 hav+1 h[ev]1 call$ "o ,spade1 ! h& c advance any decl>ation ( ! p>tn] & if ! p>tn] bid ei!r ,clubs or ,diamonds1 c call ,no-trump4 ,spades ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,%\ld n be bid "o ,royal1 z ,x1 ,x t deceives p>tn] z to ,he>ts ,x1 ,x high-c>d /r5g?2 two ,spades ,diamonds ,x1 ,x invites a ,no-trump1 :i* is n ,clubs ,x1 ,x want$4 ,ei!r ?ree ,spades or "o ,spade %\ld be call$4 ,! h&1 outside ( ,spades1 is s weak t ! latt] is ! wis] bid4 ,spades ,que51 ,t51 ,x1 ,x ,spade honors are too weak = two ,he>ts ,ace1 ,x1 ,x ,spades4 ,"o ,spade is ! only ,diamonds ,x1 ,x1 ,x s\nd bid4 ,clubs ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,x ,"o ,club %\ld be bid1 foll[$1 ,he>ts ,que51 ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 reg>dless ( ! p>tn]'s ,x1 ,x1 ,x decl>ation1 ) ,he>ts4 ,diamonds ,none ,clubs ,ace1 ,k+1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,spades ,que51 ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 ,?ree ,spades1 & on ! next ,x1 ,x r\nd1 ,he>ts1 unless ! p>tn] ,he>ts ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 has bid two ,royals4 ,x1 ,x ,diamonds ,none ,clubs ,x ,spades ,knave1 ,t51 ,n9e1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,?is v int]e/+ h& af=ds ,he>ts ,none a numb] ( correct orig9al bids4 ,diamonds ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x ,"o ,club1 ?ree ,spades1 & "o ,clubs ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave1 ,x ,spade are all s\nd2 ! latt] is n apt to be left 91 z a ,he>t call is mo/ probable1 ! long h& 9 t suit conta9+ at lea/ five4 ,?ree ,suits be+ /opp$1 ) m ?an an av]age h&1 "o ,no-trump is also te*nically correct4 ,! *ances are1 h[ev]1 t ! h& w produce bett] results if ! ,trump be ,royals1 & z ! call ( "o ,no-trump may /&1 x is n wise to op5 ! bidd+ t way4 ,?ree ,spades seems ! mo/ advisable decl>ation1 z x gives ! in=mation mo/ important = ! p>tn] to receive4 ,! risk 9 call+ "o ,spade1 :ile slight1 is totally unnecess>y1 & "o ,club does n w>n ! p>tn] n to bid ,he>ts1 if he h any?+ 9 ,spades4 ,%\ld ?ree ,spades be call$ & ! p>tn] decl>e "o ,he>t1 ! deal] on ! next r\nd c\ld try ,no-trump1 b "o ,club1 foll[$ by "o ,he>t f p>tn]1 w\ld necessitate a ,royal f ! deal]1 z ! abs5ce ( ,spades 9 ! p>tn]'s h& is n !n ann\nc$4 ,9 ! ev5t ( ! small ,club be+ transpos$ to a ,diamond1 s t ! h& conta9 f\r ,diamonds & ?ree ,clubs1 ?ree ,spades w\ld unque/ionably be ! mo/ advantage\s orig9al call4 ,,iii ,,second ,,h& ,,decl>ations ,! ,second ,h& bids "u two totally dissimil> conditions4 ,! ,deal] ( necessity has decl>$ &1 ei!r by a call ( "o ,spade1 %[n comp>ative weakness1 or1 by an (f5sive decl>ation1 giv5 evid5ce ( /r5g?4 ,x is obvi\s t :e!r ! ,deal] be /rong or weak mat]ially affects ! "q ( h[ ! ,second ,h& %\ld bid1 z x makes q a v>iation 9 ! numb] ( tricks he has ! "r to expect to f9d 9 8 p>tn]'s h&4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! only1 &1 possibly1 n ! mo/ important diff]5ce4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has call$ "o ,spade1 x is practically c]ta91 %\ld ! ,second ,h& pass1 t he w h ano!r opportunity to ent] ! bidd+4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! ,deal] has decl>$ a suit or ,no-trump1 x is possible1 if ! ,second ,h& fail to decl>e1 t no o!r bid w be made1 & ! decl>ation ( ! ,deal] w /&4 ,x is1 !re=e1 readily se5 t1 9 ! fir/ case1 ! ,second ,h& is mak+ an initial decl>ation2 9 ! o!r1 a =c$ bid4 ,,bidd+ ,,ov] ,,"o ,,spade ,:5 ,auction 0 9 its infancy1 ! au?orities advis$ ! ,second ,h&1 reg>dless ( ! "* ( 8 c>ds1 to pass a decl>ation ( "o ,spade4 ,! reason giv5 0 t ! ,?ird ,h& w\ld h to take 8 p>tn] out1 :i* might prove emb>rass+1 & t a bid by ! ,second ,h& w\ld release 8 left-h& adv]s>y f ?is1 possibly1 try+ position4 ,mod]n ,auction developm5ts h prov5 ! futility ( ?is idea4 ,! ,?ird ,h& ( to-day is n tr\bl$ by any obligation to take ! ,deal] out ( "o ,spade1 & w n d s )\t consid]able /r5g?4 ,%\ld ! ,second ,h& pass1 ) w9n+ c>ds1 ! ,f\r? ,h& may be ! play] :o f9ds himself 9 ! awkw>d position1 & if1 adopt+ ! cons]vative c\rse1 he all[ ! ,spade decl>ation to /&1 a good *ance to score game may be lo/ by ! failure ( ! ,second ,h& to avail himself ( 8 opportunity4 ,second ,h& sil5ce is n n[ reg>d$ z gold51 b !re is /ill "s "q z to ! am\nt ( /r5g? requir$ to make a decl>ation advisable4 ,"s au?orities believe ! ,second ,h& %\ld pass1 unless 8 c>ds ju/ify him 9 expect+ to make game4 ,?is !ory 0 = a "t v g5]ally accept$1 & ev5 yet has a consid]able foll[+4 ,exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 has conv9c$ mo/ ( its advocates t x is uns\nd1 & x is be+ rapidly ab&on$4 ,x is n[ conc$$ t ! deal is q an advantage1 because ( ! opportunity x gives ! ,deal] to /rike ! fir/ bl[4 ,x foll[s t :5 ! ,deal] has be5 oblig$ to rel9qui% 8 favorable position1 x is ! height ( folly = ! ,second ,h&1 :5 he has ! requisite /r5g?1 n to grasp x4 ,fur!rmore1 ! ,deal] hav+ %[n weakness1 ! adv]se /r5g? is probably 9 ! ,?ird ,h&4 ,%\ld ! ,?ird ,h& call ,no-trump1 ! ,f\r? ,h& w be ! lead]1 & x w !n be important = him to "k :i* suit 8 p>tn] desires op5$4 ,on ! fir/ r\nd ( ! decl>ation1 ?is c be indicat$ by a bid ( "o1 b aft] ! ,no-trump1 x takes two1 :i*1 ) ! /r5g? ov] ! bidd]1 may be dang]\s4 ,! bid ( ! ,second ,h&1 fur!rmore1 makes ! task ( 8 left-h& adv]s>y m difficult & may prev5t a ,no-trump4 ,x c]ta9ly aids ! ,f\r? ,h&--inde$1 x may be j ! in=mation he ne$s = a game decl>ation4 ,x seems cle>1 !re=e1 t ! ,second ,h& %\ld %[ 8 /r5g? :5 he has ! *ance4 ,he %\ld n1 h[ev]1 c>ry too f> ! pr9ciples above outl9$4 ,x is j z fatal = ! ,second ,h& z = ! ,deal]1 to deceive 8 p>tn]4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,bid ,,no-,,trump ,! rules gov]n+ an orig9al (f5sive bid by ! ,deal] apply to ! ,second ,h&1 aft] ! ,deal] has call$ "o ,spade1 9 practically e in/ance4 ,! only possible exception is ! hold+ necess>y = a bord]-l9e ,no-trump4 ,:5 ! ,deal]1 ) ! m9imum /r5g?1 decl>es "o ,no-trump1 he figures on ! probability t 8 p>tn] holds "o-?ird ( ! high c>ds n 9 8 own h&4 ,:5 ! ,second ,h& decl>es aft] "o ,spade1 x is reasonable = him to c\nt ^u 8 p>tn] = a slightly great] p]c5tage ( /r5g?2 !re=e1 he may bid ,no-trump a little m freely4 ,to ju/ify a ,no-trump by ! ,deal]1 he %\ld h slightly bett] ?an av]age c>ds4 ,! ,second ,h&1 ) exactly an av]age hold+1 may make ! bid4 ,! ,no-trump requirem5ts1--namely1 f\r suits /opp$1 ?ree suits /opp$ & an ,ace1 ?ree ,k+-,que5 or ,k+-,knave suits1 or at lea/ five solid ,diamonds or ,clubs & an ,ace1--:i* limit ! decl>ation ( ! ,deal]1 apply1 h[ev]1 ) equal =ce to ! ,second ,h&1 & %\ld nev] be disreg>d$4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,trump ,,decl>ation ,! ,deal]1 hav+ decl>$ "o ,spade1 a ,trump decl>ation ( "o1 two1 or ?ree by ! ,second ,h& is subject to exactly ! same rules z 9 ! case ( ! orig9al call by ! ,deal]4 ,precisely ! same reason+ holds good & ! same dang] is apt to arise1 %\ld ! ,second ,h& digress f ! recogniz$ pr9ciples ( safety1 & bid a long suit :i* does n conta9 ! requisite high c>ds4 ,! ,second ,h& w h an opportunity to decl>e 8 weak suit ( great l5g? on ! next r\nd1 & !re is no necessity = deceiv+ ! p>tn] z to its composition by jump+ into x ) undue cel]ity4 ,,! ,,d\ble ,,( ,,"o ,,spade ,! "q ( :5 ! ,second ,h& %\ld d\ble is cov]$ 9 ! *apt] on ,d\bl+1 b z ! d\ble ( "o ,spade is really a decl>ation1 r ?an a d\ble1 x seems prop] to consid] x "h1 especially z x is ( vital importance t x be accurately di/+ui%$ f ! ,second ,h& bid ( two ,spades1 ) :i* x is v frequ5tly confus$4 ,_m good play]s treat ! two decl>ations z synonym\s1 al?\gh by s do+ !y fail to avail !mselves ( a simple & safe opportunity to convey valuable in=mation4 ,! reason = ?is app>5t c>elessness on ! "p ( _m bidd]s is t no s*eme ( decl>+ t accurately fits ! situation has hi!rto be5 g5]ally und]/ood4 ,! idea t foll[s has be5 f\nd to "w well1 & :ile z yet n suffici5tly us$ to be t]m$ conv5tional1 seems to be gr[+ 9 favor ) su* rapidity t its g5]al adoption 9 ! ne> future is cle>ly indicat$4 ,! ,second ,h& d\bles "o ,spade1 ) practically ! same hold+ ) :i* ! deal] bids two ,spades1 n ) ! expectation or wi% t ! d\ble w /&1 b z ! mo/ in=matory action possible1 & z an invitation to 8 p>tn] to bid ,no-trumps or ,royals4 ,9 a g5]al way 8 bid ( two ,spades has ! same significance1 except t x m emphatically sugge/s a call ( ,royals4 ,by accurately di/+ui%+ ! two1 ! p>tn] may decl>e ) mu* great] effect4 ,! d\ble %[s %ort ,spades 7two or ?ree71 ) at lea/ two high honors 9 ,spades1 & "o o!r trick1 or ! ,ace ( ,spades & two o!r tricks4 ,,! ,,bid ,,( ,,two ,,spades#g ,! bid ( two ,spades %[s exactly f\r ,spades & ! same high-c>d hold+ :i* ju/ifies d\bl+ "o ,spade4 #g ,see ,bid ( ,two ,spades by ,deal]1 page #dg4 ,! ,second ,h&1 :5 he d\bles "o1 or bids two ,spades1 says3 ,i h n ?ree suits /opp$1 s ,i _c bid ,no-trumps4 ,:ile ,i h suffici5t high-c>d /r5g? to call "o ,royal1 ,i h less ?an five ,spades1 &1 !re=e1 am )\t suffici5t l5g?4 ,i c1 h[ev]1 by ?is decl>ation1 tell y ! exact numb] ( my ,spades1 & ,i expect y to make ! be/ possible use ( ! exceptionally accurate in=mation ) :i* y are furni%$4 ,z mu* c>e %\ld be tak5 9 select+ ! correct decl>ation1 :5 9 d\bt :e!r to bid two ,spades or d\ble "o1 z :5 det]m9+ :e!r to call a ,royal or a ,he>t4 ,_m a play] d\bles "o ,spade ) five or six1 head$ by ,knave1 ,t51 app>5tly nev] realiz+ t ) su* a h& he wi%es ! trump to be ,royals1 & yet1 by 8 bid1 is invit+ 8 p>tn] to call ,no-trump2 or he bids two ,spades ) ! ,que5 ( ,spades & a c\ple ( ,k+s1 & aft] 8 p>tn] has decl>$ a ,royal1 or d\bl$ an adv]se ,no-trump1 c\nt+ on ! ann\nc$ ,spade /r5g?1 says3 ,i realize ,i deceiv$ y 9 ! ,spades1 b ,i _h two ,k+s ab\t :i* y did n "k4 ,t sort ( a decl>] makes x impossible = 8 p>tn] to take full advantage ( any s\nd bid he may make4 ,e ,second ,h& bidd] %\ld rememb] t :5 he d\bles "o ,spade or bids two1 he tells 8 p>tn] he has %ort or exactly f\r ,spades1 z ! case may be2 t he has n ?ree suits /opp$1 & t 8 m9imum high-c>d hold+ is "o ( ! foll[+ comb9ations3-- ,,spades ,,m9imum ,,/r5g? ,,9 ,,o!r ,,suit ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que5 ,no /r5g? requir$ ,ace1 ,k+ ,que51 ,knave1 & "o o!r ,ace1 ,que5 ,k+1 ,knave ,ace1 ,knave ,ace1 or ,k+ & ,que51 or ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t5 ,ace ,ace & ,k+2 ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave2 or ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave ,k+1 ,que5 ,ace1 or ,k+ & ,que51 or ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t5 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t5 ,ace1 or ,k+ & ,que51 or ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t5 ,k+1 ,knave ,ace & ,k+2 ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave2 or ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave ,que51 ,knave1 ,t5 ,ace & ,k+2 ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave2 or ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave ,9 ord] t ! di/9ction betwe5 ! v>i\s ,second ,h& ,spade decl>ations may be cle>ly m>k$1 take su* a hold+ z ,spades ,ace1 ,k+ ,he>ts ,?ree small ,diamonds ,f\r small ,clubs ,ace ,only t5 c>ds are m5tion$1 & ! rema9+ ?ree are ei!r ,spades or ,clubs4 ,:5 ,mak+ ! ,! ,second ! miss+ numb] ( ,h& c>ds are ,spades 9 ! ,h& %\ld ,all ,clubs ,two ,d\ble ,two ,clubs & "o ,spade ,?ree ,d\ble ,"o ,club & two ,spades ,f\r ,bid two ,spades ,all ,spades ,five ,bid "o ,royal ,! me?od sugge/$ above is n ! only plan = di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! d\ble ( "o & ! bid ( two ,spades4 ,"s play]s ?9k ! d\ble %\ld mean a ,no-trump invitation1 )\t any significance z to /r5g? 9 ! ,spade suit1 & two ,spades %\ld %[ two honors 9 ,spades4 ,! same comm5t applies to ?is z to a simil> decl>ation by ! ,deal]2 namely1 t ) ! light ,no-trump]s n[ conv5tional1 ! invitation )\t ,spade /r5g? is unnecess>y & possibly dang]\s4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :o wi% to h ! privilege ( issu+ su* an invitation1 are n oblig$ to deprive !mselves ( ! und\bt$ & mat]ial advantage ( be+ able1 :5 /rong 9 ,spades1 to di/+ui% betwe5 a hold+ ( %ort ,spades 7two or ?ree7 & ( exactly f\r4 ,!y c convey to _! p>tn]s t v important in=mation by us+ ! foll[+ sy/em3-- ,,! ,,bid ,,! ,,mean+ ,d\ble ( "o ,spade ,a ,no-trump invitation4 ,no in=mation z to ,spade /r5g? ,two ,spades ,%ort ,spades ) two high honors & "o o!r trick ,?ree ,spades ,f\r ,spades ) two high honors & "o o!r trick ,f\r ,spades ,same z bid ( ?ree ,spades describ$ imm$iately bel[ ,?is sy/em is entirely new1 is some:at complicat$1 & is sugge/$ = :at x is wor? = ^? :o wi%1 )\t ,spade /r5g?1 to invite a ,no-trump4 ,z ! bid ( f\r ,spades c be tak5 out by ! p>tn] ) "o ,royal1 ! sy/em is n subject to objection1 on ! gr\nd t f\r ,spades =ces ! p>tn] to an unduly high decl>ation4 ,! s*eme is1 z yet1 m]ely an exp]im5t1 & ( d\btful value except = ! purpose ( enabl+ a poor play] to place ) an exp]t p>tn] ! responsibility ( ! play4 ,x is n h]e9aft] ref]r$ to1 b ! sugge/ions made reg>d+ ,?ird & ,f\r? ,h& bidd+ c be readily adapt$ to comply ) its self-evid5t requirem5ts4 ,,! ,,bid ,,( ,,?ree ,,spades#h ,! bid ( ?ree ,spades :5 made by ! ,second ,h& %[s a hold+ ( at lea/ five 7probably six7 ,spades1 almo/ c]ta9ly )\t ! ,ace & probably )\t ! ,k+1 b ) "s side /r5g?4 ,x says1 ,i want ?is h& play$ ) ,royals z ! ,trump1 b ,i _c bid t suit n[1 z ,i h n ! requisite high-c>d hold+4 ,ei!r because ! re/ ( my h& is s /rong t ,i fe> nei!r ! ,?ird ,h& nor my p>tn] c bid1 or = "s o!r good reason1 ,i pref] n[1 r ?an lat]1 to give my p>tn] all possible in=mation4 #h ,see page #abc z to h[ ! p>tn] %\ld treat ?is decl>ation4 ,?is sy/em ( bidd+ diff]5tiates mo/ accurately betwe5 ! v>i\s l5g?s ( ,spade hold+s & enables ! p>tn] to elect betwe5 ,no-trump & ,royals1 ) an exact k ( ! situation n o!rwise obta9able4 ,,h[ ,,second ,,h& ,,%\ld ,,bid ,,aft] ,,an ,,(f5sive ,,decl>ation ,:5 ! ,deal] has made an (f5sive decl>ation1 ! ,second ,h& mu/ be> 9 m9d t x is possible ?is may be 8 la/ opportunity to decl>e4 ,a decl>ation "u su* circum/ances be+ :at is v prop]ly t]m$ =c$1 is ( a totally diff]5t "* f ! free decl>ation h]et(ore consid]$1 & is n limit$ by any h>d-&-fa/ rules z to ! pres5ce ( c]ta9 c>ds4 ,= example1 %\ld ! ,deal] bid "o ,royal1 & ! ,second ,h& hold sev5 ,he>ts1 head$ by ,que51 ,knave1 he obvi\sly mu/ decl>e two ,he>ts2 o!rwise1 ev5 if ! ,f\r? ,h& hold ! ,ace & ,k+ ( ,he>ts1 & o!r /r5g?1 ! decl>ation ( "o ,royal might /&4 ,! pr9ciple is t an (f5sive bid hav+ be5 made1 ! decl>ation ( ! play] foll[+ does n ( necessity %[ high c>ds1 b does sugge/ ! ability ( ! ,decl>] to successfully c>ry out ! propos$ contract4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has call$ a ,no-trump1 ! ,second ,h& is oblig$ ei!r to pass1 or decl>e two ( "s suit1 or ( ,no-trump4 ,he mu/ rememb] t aga9/ ! ,deal]'s ,no-trump he is ! lead]1 & z ! in=mation reg>d+ 8 /rong suit w be giv5 to 8 p>tn] by ! fir/ c>d play$1 x is n important t he convey x by a bid4 ,! ,no-trump may be only ( m9imum /r5g?1 b x may1 on ! o!r h&1 be ( mu* m ?an av]age calibre4 ,! ,?ird ,h& has yet to be he>d f1 & if1 z is possible1 he h consid]able /r5g? 9 ! suit t ! ,second ,h& ?9ks ( decl>+1 su* a bid w (f] an ideal opportunity = a pr(itable d\ble4 ,! ,second ,h&1 !re=e1 %\ld be some:at diffid5t ab\t bidd+ two 9 a suit4 ,he %\ld make ! decl>ation only :5 8 h& is s /rong t 9 spite ( ! ,no-trump1 !re seems to be a good *ance ( scor+ game1 or he has reason to ?9k he c =ce & defeat an adv]se two ,no-trumps1 or ! ,no-trump bidd] is a play] :o consid]s x ! "p ( weakness to all[ 8 decl>ation to be easily tak5 away1 & c1 !re=e1 be =c$ to dang]\s heights4 ,?is is an opportunity = ! ,second ,h& to use all 8 judgm5t4 ,! ,deal] may be tak+ desp]ate *ances ) a weak ,no-trump]1 & ! balance ( /r5g? may be ) 8 p>tn] & himself1 9 :i* case x is important = him n[ to %[ 8 colors2 yet he mu/ always keep 9 m9d t cons]vatism1 9 ! long run1 is ! ma9 factor ( ,auction success4 ,x is ! ability 7possibly in/9ct is ! prop] t]m7 to act wisely 9 su* cases t makes a bidd] seem inspir$4 ,) a /rong ,club or ,diamond hold+ & a re5try1 su* a h& z1 = example1-- ,spades ,two small ,he>ts ,two small ,diamonds ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 & two small ,clubs ,ace1 ,knave1 ,t51 ,n9e x is g5]ally unwise to bid ,second ,h& ov] "o ,no-trump4 ,!re is little dang] ( ! adv]s>ies go+ game 9 ,no-trumps1 b !y may easily d s 9 ,he>ts or ,royals4 ,a ,second ,h& decl>ation 9 ?is position may po9t out to ! oppon5ts _! safe/ r\te to game1 & is n apt to prove ( mat]ial b5efit1 z ) su* h&1 elev5 tricks aga9/ a ,no-trump is extremely improbable4 ,a simil> pr9ciple pres5ts itself :5 ! hold+ is five ( any suit1 head$ by ! f\r top honors1 or ev5 by ! ?ree top honors1 & no o!r /r5g?4 ,) su* c>ds1 ! ,no-trump c almo/ c]ta9ly be kept f go+ game1 & if ! p>tn] be able to assi/1 ! decl>ation may be defeat$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 two ( t suit be call$1 ! adv]s>ies1 n hav+ x /opp$1 w n advance ! ,no-trump1 b if suffici5tly /rong1 w decl>e "s o!r suit 9 :i* !y may score game4 ,,! ,,%ift ,hold+ six or m ( a suit1 head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 "s writ]s h v prop]ly call$ x an ,auction crime to d\ble4 ,! "q arises1 h[ev]1 ,:at %\ld ! ,second ,h& d "u su* circum/ances8 ,a bid ( two 9 8 solid suit w elim9ate any *ance ( ! ,no-trump be+ cont9u$1 & an adv]se call ( two ,no-trumps is j :at ! hold] ( ! solid suit mo/ desires1 z he c d\ble ) comp>ative safety1 be+ assur$ bo? ( ! success ( ! d\ble & ( ! improbability t ! ,decl>] w be able to take himself out4 ,!re has be5 sugge/$ to meet ?is em]g5cy a decl>ation call$ ! ,%ift4 ,x consi/s 9 bidd+ two ( a suit 9 :i* ! ,decl>] has little or no /r5g?4 ,= ?is purpose a suit ( l[] value ?an ! solid suit1 %\ld1 if possible1 be select$4 ,! !ory ( ! bid is t ei!r ! orig9al ,no-trump decl>] or 8 p>tn]1 hav+ ! suit securely /opp$1 w bid two ,no-trumps & t ! d\ble c !n be effectively produc$4 ,! advocates ( ! ,%ift urge t %\ld ! wor/ happ51 & ! decl>ation be d\bl$1 ! play] mak+ x c !n %ift 7?is situation giv+ ! decl>ation its "n7 to 8 real suit1 & t no h>m w ensue4 ,! tr\ble is t a d\ble "u su* circum/ances is n ! wor/ t c happ54 ,:5 ! ,%ift 0 fir/ sugge/$1 play]s 7 n famili> ) nor on ! look\t = x4 ,success1 or at lea/ ! abs5ce ( failure1 !re=e1 (t5 att5d$ its use4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 x is g5]ally und]/ood1 & play]s w n ei!r ov]bid or d\ble a decl>] !y suspect ( x4 ,!y m]ely all[ him to meet 8 doom attempt+1 ) weak ,trumps1 to w9 eight tricks aga9/ an adv]se ,no-trump]4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 at long int]vals & "u advantage\s circum/ances1 ! ,%ift may be successfully utiliz$1 aga9/ exp]i5c$ play]s x is a dang]\s exp$i5t1 especially = any "o kn[n to be fond ( t "* ( decl>ation4 ,! cons]vative & safe c\rse to foll[ ) a hold+ ( ! "* describ$ is to pass ! "o ,no-trump4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,bid ,,two ,,no-,,trumps ,,ov] ,,"o ,,no-,,trump ,! bid ( two ,no-trumps ov] "o ,no-trump is a m or less spectacul> p]=mance1 t appeals to ^? fond ( ! !atrical4 ,!re are "s h&s t ju/ify x1 b x is safe to say t 9 actual play x is tri$ f> m frequ5tly ?an ,second ,h& hold+s w>rant4 ,su* a bid may be made ) a /rong suit--n ( great l5g?--& ! ?ree o!r suits safely /opp$1 ) ! f\r suits /opp$ twice1 ) a long solid ,club or ,diamond suit & two o!r suits /opp$1 or ) "s simil>1 &1 "u ! circum/ances1 equally unusual comb9ation4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,bid ,,aga9/ ,,two ,,or ,,?ree ,,spades ,) two ,spades bid by ! ,deal]1 if ! ,second ,h& h a suit he desires l$ aga9/ a ,no-trump1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance t he indicate x to 8 p>tn]4 ,"u su* conditions1 ! ,second ,h& %\ld decl>e a suit head$ by ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 or "s simil> comb9ation1 b %\ld avoid bidd+ a long1 weak suit1 z ! ,no-trump decl>] may hold ,ace1 ,que5 ( x1 & ! p>tn] may1 by ! call1 be invit$ to lead 8 ,k+ into ! jaws ( dea?4 ,( c\rse1 if ! h& conta9 re5tries1 x may be advisable to make su* a bid1 al?\gh ev5 !n x may advantage\sly be delay$ until ! second r\nd1 s9ce aga9/ a two ,spade decl>ation ! ,second ,h& is sure ( hav+ ano!r opportunity to speak4 ,) ?ree ,spades decl>$ by ! ,deal]1 ! ,second ,h& expects a ,royal f ! ,?ird ,h&4 ,he kn[s t he w h ano!r *ance to bid1 b1 z he w !n probably h to g mu* high]1 x is j z well n to wait if ! h& conta9 any advantage\s decl>ation4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,bid ,,no-,,trump ,,ov] ,a ,,suit ,! "q ( :at am\nt ( /r5g? w>rants ! ,second ,h& 9 bidd+ "o ,no-trump1 aft] a suit has be5 decl>$ by ! ,deal]1 is some:at difficult to accurately answ]4 ,x goes )\t say+ t to ju/ify a ,no-trump "u su* circum/ances1 ! ,second ,h& mu/ h mu* bett] ?an m]ely an av]age hold+4 ,! suit t ! ,deal] has bid %\ld be safely /opp$1 & :5 ! decl>] has only "o trick 9 t suit1 at lea/ f\r o!r tricks %\ld be 9 sight4 ,occasionally cases arise 9 :i* ! ,second ,h& may bid "o ,no-trump ov] a suit decl>ation )\t ! suit t has be5 decl>$ be+ /opp$1 b ^! are r>e & su* a call %\ld only be made ) unusual /r5g?1 z x gives ! p>tn] ! "r to assume t ! adv]se suit is /opp$ & he may consequ5tly advance ! ,no-trump to dang]\s figures4 ,x is probably a good rule t a ,no-trump %\ld n be call$ ov] a decl>$ suit1 t suit n be+ /opp$1 ) a hold+ ( less ?an six sure tricks4 ,ev5 ) "o /opp] 9 ! suit bid1 x is g5]ally bett] to decl>e ei!r ,royals or ,he>ts 9 pref]5ce to ,no-trump1 provid$ ! h& conta9 suffici5t l5g? & /r5g? to w>rant su* decl>ation4 ,,iv ,,?ird ,,h& ,,decl>ations ,?ird ,h& decl>ations c be/ be consid]$ by divid+ !m into ?ree classes3-- #a4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has call$ "o ,spade1 & ! ,second ,h& pass$4 #b4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has made an (f5sive decl>ation1 & ! ,second ,h& pass$4 #c4 ,:5 ! ,second ,h& has decl>$4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ^! ?ree situations is s cle>ly drawn t ea* is really a sep>ate & di/9ct subject4 ,!y w be tak5 up s]iatim4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,deal] ,,has ,,call$ ,,"o ,,spade1 ,,& ,,! ,,second ,,h& ,,pass$ ,9 ! old days1 :5 ! ,deal]'s "o ,spade 0 )\t significance1 ! ,?ird ,h& 0 always oblig$ to decl>e1 9 ord] to give ! ,deal] ! opportunity to get back into ! game1 z x 0 possible t he _h great /r5g?4 ,n[ ! ,?ird ,h& recognizes t !re is n ! lea/ obligation ^u him to bid1 & t x is inadvisable = him to d s unless 8 h& be s /rong t1 ev5 ) a weak p>tn]1 game is 9 sight1 or unless x be important = him to indicate to ! ,deal] :at to lead if ! ,f\r? ,h& make ! f9al decl>ation4 ,%\ld ! ,?ird ,h& pass1 & ! ,f\r? ,h& also pass1 all[+ ! "o ,spade decl>ation to /&1 ! liability ( ! ,decl>] _c exce$ #ajj po9ts1 b if ! ,?ird ,h& bid1 ! liability becomes unlimit$4 ,:ile ! ,deal] & ,second ,h& bo? h ! "r to assume t _! p>tn]s h an av]age p]c5tage ( ! rema9+ c>ds1 ! ,?ird ,h& is n ju/ifi$ 9 any su* presumption1 aft] ! ,deal]1 by bidd+ "o ,spade1 has virtually wav$ ! r$ flag4 ,true x is1 a simil> w>n+ has appe>$ on ! "r1 b if bo? dang] signals are to be believ$1 ! only inf]5ce is t ! /r5g? is mass$ on ! left4 ,! bidd+ by ! ,?ird ,h& mu/1 !re=e1 be ( a v diff]5t "* f t ( ! ,deal] or ,second ,h&4 ,he %\ld n v5ture a ,no-trump unless he h f\r sure tricks ) ! probability ( m & at lea/ ?ree suits /opp$4 ,:5 9 d\bt :e!r to decl>e ,no-trump or a suit1 x is g5]ally wise = him to select ! latt]4 ,?ird ,h& suit decl>ations %\ld be made "u ei!r ( two conditions3-- 7a7 ,:5 ! h& is s /rong t !re appe>s to be at lea/ a fair *ance = game ) ! suit he names z ,trump4 7b7 ,:5 he expects a ,no-trump f ! ,f\r? ,h& & wi%es to indicate to 8 p>tn] ! lead he desires4 ,9 ! =m] case1 x is (t5 good policy = ! ,?ird ,h& to />t ) a bid ( two4 ,?is s]ves a d\ble purpose1 z x %[s ! ,deal] ! "* ( ! h& & helps to %ut out an adv]se decl>ation4 ,if ! ma9 idea ( ! bid be to indicate a lead1 x is advisable to make x on ! fir/ r\nd1 :5 "o c be call$1 r ?an wait until x becomes necess>y to bid two1 :i*1 aga9/ a ,no-trump1 may prove dang]\s4 ,if ! ,?ird ,h& h any su* comb9ation z ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 ) "o or m o!rs ( t suit1 & a re5try1 a decl>ation at ?is /age is mo/ important1 z unless ! p>tn] op5 t suit1 x w probably nev] be e/abli%$ aga9/ a ,no-trump4 ,ev5 if ! long suit be head$ by ,que51 ,knave1 x may be important to %[ x1 z ! p>tn] may hold an honor1 9 :i* case ! suit may be quickly e/abli%$4 ,:5 ! long suit is head$ by a ,knave1 x %\ld n be %[n unless ! h& conta9 m ?an "o re5try4 ,x may be s necess>y = ! ,?ird ,h&1 9 ! position "u consid]ation1 to indicate a lead t no absolute /r5g? requirem5t1 su* z a fix$ numb] ( tricks1 is ess5tial = a bid4 ,x frequ5tly keeps ! adv]se ,no-trump] f go+ game to h ! "r suit call$ orig9ally--o!rwise1 ! ,deal] has to lead 8 own suit1 & :5 ! ,?ird ,h& is )\t /r5g? 9 x1 su* a lead greatly facilitates ! ,decl>]4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,deal] ,,has ,,%[n ,,/r5g? ,,& ,,! ,,second ,,h& ,,pass$ ,"o ( ! c>d9al pr9ciples ( h>moni\s team play is t :5 ! p>tn] has made a suit decl>ation :i* is apt to result 9 game1 x is inadvisable to take him out m]ely ) ! hope ( obta9+ a slightly high] score4 ,suppose ! p>tn] has decl>$ a ,he>t & ! ,?ird ,h& holds ?ree ,he>ts1 head$ by ! ,ace1 f\r ,clubs head$ by ! ,k+1 no ,diamonds1 & five ,spades ) ?ree honors4 ,( c\rse1 ! p>tn] may h an honor & "s o!r ,spades1 &1 !re=e1 a bid ( ,royals may produce a high] c\nt ?an ,he>ts1 b t is only may4 ,! ,decl>] c]ta9ly has ,he>t /r5g?1 & ! ,?ird ,h&1 valuable assi/ance4 ,x takes ! same numb] ( tricks to score game 9 ea* suit4 ,:y1 !re=e1 risk ! game = a paltry addition to ! trick & honor score8 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable features ( ,auction is ! extraord9>y desire1 exhibit$ by a l>ge p]c5tage ( play]s1 to play ! comb9$ h&s4 ,?is comm5t is n applicable to a /rong play]1 :o1 = ! good ( ! p>tn]%ip1 is anxi\s to get ! decl>ation himself1 9 ord] t dur+ ! play two or ?ree tricks may n be pres5t$ to ! adv]s>ies1 b is int5d$ = ! g5]al run ( cases :]e ! p>tn]s are ( equal1 or ne>ly equal1 ability4 ,a play]1 be=e det]m9+ to ov]bid 8 p>tn]'s call1 %\ld rememb] t "o ( ! greate/ pleasures ( ! game is fac+ ! ,dummy1 especially :5 ! decl>ation is apt to be successful1 & he %\ld assure himself beyond p]adv5ture t1 9 bidd+ 8 own suit 9 pref]5ce to advanc+ 8 p>tn]'s1 he is n 9 any way influ5c$ by 8 own selfi% desires4 ,he %\ld be sure t1 ) ! positions rev]s$1 he w\ld ?or\ghly approve ( j su* action by 8 p>tn]2 &1 if 8 p>tn] be ! bett] play]1 he %\ld also conv9ce himself t 8 suit is at lea/ two tricks /rong]1 z 8 p>tn]'s sup]ior play probably makes a diff]5ce ( at lea/ "o 9 favor ( 8 decl>ation4 ,x %\ld be put d[n z axiomatic t1 :5 a p>tn] takes out a ,he>t or ,royal ) a bid ( ano!r suit1 he d5ies /r5g? 9 ! suit orig9ally decl>$ & ann\nces great l5g? ) probably f\r honors 9 ! suit he names2 also1 t :5 a ,he>t or ,royal is tak5 out by a ,no-trump decl>ation 7except ) a f\r-,ace hold+71 n only is weakness 9 ! decl>$ suit ann\nc$1 b also ! fact t e o!r suit is safely /opp$4 ,?is mu/ n be und]/ood z a sugge/ion t a p>tn] %\ld seldom be ov]bid4 ,q ! rev]se4 ,! in=matory s*ool ( mod]n bidd+1 :i* attempts1 z ne>ly z possible1 to decl>e ! two h&s z "o1 has z an ess5tial feature ! ov]bidd+ ( ! p>tn] 9 an inf9ite numb] ( cases4 ,x is aga9/ ! fooli% & selfi% in/ances :i* occur ) great frequ5cy t ?is prote/ is direct$4 ,,:5 ,,two ,,spades ,,has ,,be5 ,,decl>$ ,:5 ! ,deal] bids two ,spades1 he gives explicit in=mation reg>d+ ! cont5ts ( 8 h&4#i ,! ,?ird ,h& is1 !re=e1 practically 9 ! position ( hav+ tw5ty-six c>ds spread be=e him1 & ! "q ( :at he %\ld decl>e is n apt to be at all confus+4 #i ,see page #dg4 ,if 8 h& be trickless1 or practically s1 he mu/ bid "o ,royal1 z t r$uces ! commitm5t f two tricks to "o1 & increases ! possible ga9 p] trick f #b po9ts to #i4 ,x is a noncommittal bid1 z x may be made ) great weakness or mod]ate /r5g?4 ,) consid]able ,spade /r5g?1 h[ev]1 two ,royals %\ld be decl>$4 ,:5 ! ,?ird ,h& has o!r ?an ,spade /r5g?1 he w1 ( c\rse1 bid 9 accordance ) 8 hold+1 b x goes )\t say+ t he %\ld make ! be/ possible use ( ! accurate in=mation he has receiv$4 ,) f\r /rong ,spades1 ev5 ) suffici5t additional /r5g? to ju/ify a weak ,no-trump1 a ,royal is g5]ally pref]able1 & ) m ?an f\r ,spades1 two ,royals is unque/ionably ! bid1 reg>dless ( ! /r5g? ( ! rema9d] ( ! h&1 unless1 ( c\rse1 x conta9 ! mu* look$ =1 b seldom f\nd1 f\r ,aces4 ,,:5 ,,?ree ,,spades ,,has ,,be5 ,,decl>$ ,:5 ! ,deal] has call$ ?ree ,spades1 ! ,?ird ,h& has q accurate data ) :i* to "w4#aj ,9 ?is case1 ev5 if 8 h& be trickless1 he mu/ bid "o ,royal1 z 8 p>tn]'s ?ree ,spades might o!rwise be left 9 by ! ,f\r? ,h&4 ,) "s /r5g? 9 o!r suits1 "o ,royal is 8 bid1 unless 8 c>ds ju/ify him 9 tell+ ! ,deal] t1 9 spite ( ! ann\nc$ long1 weak ,spades1 ! comb9$ h&s are apt to sail m smoo?ly & on m peaceful seas to ! port call$ ,game by ! ,no-trump ?an by ! sugge/$ ,royal r\te4 #aj ,see page #di4 ,%\ld ! ,?ird ,h& ov]bid ?ree ,spades ) ei!r ,he>ts1 ,diamonds1 or ,clubs1 he %[s great /r5g? 9 ! suit nam$ & absolute weakness 9 ,spades2 ! bid ( two ,royals %[s assi/ance 9 ,spades1 & probably o!r /r5g?4 ,,:5 ,,"o ,,club ,,or ,,"o ,,diamond ,,has ,,be5 ,,decl>$ ,:5 ! ,deal] has call$ "o ,club or "o ,diamond1 ! ,?ird ,h& 7! score be+ love7 mu/ realize t go+ game ) ! decl>ation made is mo/ unlikely4 ,he %\ld1 !re=e1 ov]bid x :5ev] he has suffici5t /r5g? to ju/ify su* action4 ,) /rong ,he>ts or ,spades1 he %\ld bid ,he>ts or ,royals2 )\t su* ,he>t or ,spade /r5g?1 b ) ?ree tricks & two suits /opp$1 he %\ld bid ,no-trump4 ,9 ! r>e case 9 :i* game seems probable ) ! ,club or ,diamond decl>ation1 he %\ld advance 8 p>tn]'s call to two or ?ree4 ,,:5 ,,two ,,diamonds ,,or ,,two ,,clubs ,,has ,,be5 ,,decl>$ ,:5 ! ,deal] has call$ two ,clubs or two ,diamonds ) ! score at love1 ! ,?ird ,h& %\ld all[ ! decl>ation to /&1 unless 8 ,he>t or ,spade hold+ be su* t he believes1 ) ! assi/ance ( 8 p>tn]'s ,club or ,diamond suit1 he may w9 ! game2 or unless able to bid two ,no-trumps4 ,) ! in=mation t 8 p>tn] has an e/abli%$ suit1 x does n require mu* /r5g? to ju/ify ! two ,no-trumps call4 ,) all ! o!r suits /opp$1 no matt] h[ weakly1 ! bid is imp]ative4 ,) two securely /opp$1 x is advisable1 b ) only "o /opp$1 x is entirely out ( ! "q4 ,) a score 9 ! trick column1 ! ,?ird ,h& w treat ei!r a "o or two ,club or ,diamond decl>ation j z1 ) ! score at love1 he treats a simil> call 9 ,he>ts or ,royals4 ,,:5 ,,"o ,,he>t ,,or ,,"o ,,royal ,,has ,,be5 ,,decl>$ ,:5 ! ,deal] bids "o ,he>t or "o ,royal1 ! ,?ird ,h& %\ld n ov]bid unless )\t /r5g? 9 ! decl>ation4 ,by ?is is meant n only ! abs5ce ( high c>ds1 b also ! abs5ce ( l5g?4 ,) f\r small ,he>ts or ,spades1 & t suit bid by ! ,deal]1 x is almo/ inv>iably ! "p ( wisdom to all[ x to rema94 ,! ,?ird ,h& %\ld bid "o ,royal ov] "o ,he>t1 or two ,he>ts ov] "o ,royal ) /r5g? suffici5t to ju/ify an orig9al call 9 t suit1 & di/9ct weakness 9 ! p>tn]'s decl>ation4 ,! !ory is t ! ,?ird ,h& kn[s he _c help 8 p>tn]'s decl>ation1 :ile x is possible 8 p>tn] may help him4 ,:5 ! ,?ird ,h& has su* /r5g? 9 ,he>ts or ,royals t he w\ld advance 8 p>tn]'s decl>ation ( ei!r1 9 ! ev5t ( an adv]se bid1 x is wise = him to bid two on ! fir/ r\nd1 9 ord]1 if possible1 to %ut out su* adv]se decl>ation & ! in=mation !reby giv5 to ! lead]4 ,! ,?ird ,h& %\ld call two ,diamonds or ,clubs ov] "o ,he>t or ,royal :5 he holds a long & practically solid suit4 ,! orig9al bidd] c !n use 8 judgm5t :e!r to let ?is decl>ation /&1 cont9ue 8 own1 or try two ,no-trumps4 ,) a score1 two ,clubs or ,diamonds may be bid m freely ov] ! p>tn]'s ,he>t or ,royal4 ,! ,?ird ,h& %\ld n bid a ,no-trump ov] ! ,deal]'s ,he>t or ,royal1 unless he h ! ?ree rema9+ suits safely /opp$1 or 8 h& conta9 solid ,diamonds or ,clubs1 & "o o!r suit /opp$4 ,,:5 ,,two ,,he>ts ,,or ,,two ,,royals ,,has ,,be5 ,,decl>$ ,! decl>ation ( two ,he>ts or two ,royals is practically a comm& to ! p>tn] n to alt] ! call4 ,x indicates at lea/ six sure tricks1 probably m1 & a valuable honor c\nt1 9 ! ,decl>]'s h&1 provid$ ! suit nam$ be ! ,trump4 ,! ,?ird ,h& %\ld only *ange su* a decl>ation :5 conv9c$ beyond reasonable d\bt t 8 hold+ is s unusual t he is w>rant$ 9 assum+ ! responsibility ( c\nt]m&+ ! ord] t has issu$4 ,weakness 9 ! ,trump & /r5g? 9 "s o!r suit is f> f be+ a suffici5t ju/ification1 z ! *ances are t ! ,deal] is weak 9 ! suit ( ! ,?ird ,h&1 & call$ two ma9ly = ! purpose ( keep+ x f be+ nam$4 ,to ov]bid two ,royals or ,he>ts ) ?ree ,diamonds or ,clubs is obvi\sly absurd1 unless hold+ five honors & su* o!r /r5g? t game is assur$4 ,to ov]bid two ,he>ts ) two ,royals1 or two ,royals ) ?ree ,he>ts1 is almo/ tantam\nt to say+1 ,p>tn]1 ,i "k y are try+ to %ut out ?is decl>ation1 b ,i am /rong en\gh to insi/ ^u x4 ,su* action is only ju/ifi$ by #fd or #gb honors1 & a sure game4 ,to ov]bid two ,he>ts or two ,royals ) two ,no-trumps1 z a rule1 means #ajj ,aces4 ,high-c>d /r5g? assures ! game 9 ! p>tn]'s call ) probably a big honor score2 only ! premium ( #ajj makes ! *ange advisable4 ,) /r5g?1 9 ! case "u consid]ation1 ! ,?ird ,h& %\ld advance 8 p>tn]'s call ) mu* great] confid5ce ?an if x 7 an ord9>y bid ( "o4 ,he %\ld n worry ev5 if absolutely void ( ,trumps2 9 t suit 8 p>tn] has ann\nc$ great l5g? z well z comm&+ c>ds2 ,aces & ,k+s ( ! o!r suits are :at ! ,decl>] wi%es to f9d 9 8 h&1 & ) !m he %\ld bid fe>lessly4 ,! same l9e ( comm5t applies ) ev5 great] =ce to ! action ( ! ,?ird ,h& :5 ! ,deal] has bid ?ree ,royals or ?ree ,he>ts4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,ov]bid ,a ,,p>tn]',s ,,no-,,trump ,:5 ! ,deal] bids "o ,no-trump & ! ,?ird ,h& holds five or m ( any suit1 "o ( ! mo/ disput$ que/ions ( ,auction pres5ts itself4 ,! cons]vative play] believes t ) five ,he>ts or ,spades1 inasmu* z b "o m trick is requir$ to secure game1 x is saf] to bid two ,he>ts or ,royals1 except1 ( c\rse1 :5 ! ,?ird ,h&1 9 addition to a five-c>d suit1 has ! ?ree rema9+ suits /opp$4 ,! !ory is t if ! comb9$ h&s are v /rong1 ! w9n+ ( ! game is absolutely assur$ ) ! suit 9 "q ! ,trump1 b may possibly be lo/ 9 ! ,no-trump by ! adv]s>ies runn+ a long suit4 ,! *ance ( a ho/ile suit be+ e/abli%$ is unque/ionably wor?y ( ! consid]ation ( ! ,?ird ,h& :5ev]1 ) great /r5g? 9 ,he>ts or ,spades1 he all[s 8 p>tn]'s ,no-trump to /&4 ,five adv]se tricks prev5t a game4 ,9 ! majority ( cases1 ! lead] op5s a five-c>d suit4 ,:5 x is n /opp$1 ! game is sav$ by ! adv]s>ies be=e ! p[]ful ,no-trump h& c get 92 if x be /opp$ b once1 ! game is /ill 9 grave dang] unless ! ,decl>] take n9e tricks be=e los+ ! lead4 ,) a ,he>t or ,royal decl>ation ! adv]s>ies are n apt to take m ?an two tricks 9 _! long suit1 :i*1 at ,no-trumps1 may produce f\r or five 79 r>e cases six71 & yet ! ,trump bid requires only "o m trick = game4 ,x is unque/ionably true t1 ) great /r5g?1 ! game w be won n9e times out ( t5 ) ! ,no-trump decl>ation1 b 9 e su* case x is absolutely c9*$ by ! ,he>t or ,royal call4 ,x is fur!r argu$ t1 :5 ! comb9$ h&s are n q s /rong1 a game is m frequ5tly won ) ! ,trump decl>ation1 z ! small ,trumps are sure to take tricks1 b ! long suit may n be e/abli%$ 9 ! ,no-trump]4 ,! believ]s 9 tak+ a *ance1 h[ev]1 view ! situation f ! opposite /&po9t4 ,_! argum5t is t ! game requires "o m trick1 :5 a ,trump is decl>$1 b does n c\nt z mu*1 t ! orig9al decl>] may be weak 9 ! suit nam$1 yet /rong 9 all ! o!rs1 & !re=e1 ) a good h&1 x is wis] to leave ! ,no-trump alone4 ,x is possible t ! "q is "o r ( ! temp]am5t ( ! play] ?an ( c>d judgm5t4 ,x is susceptible ( almo/ ma!matical d$uction t five or m c>ds ( a long suit are ( great] trick-tak+ value :5 t suit is ! ,trump ?an :5 ,no-trump is be+ play$1 & x does n require any argum5t to sub/antiate ! proposition t ! slight diff]5ce 9 ! score1 betwe5 ! total 9 ! trick & honor columns nett$ f a game made )\t a ,trump & a game made ) ,royals or ,he>ts1 is s inf9itesimal z n to be wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,nev]!less1 play]s possess$ ( a c]ta9 temp]am5t w1 = example1 refuse to ov]bid a p>tn]'s ,no-trump ) ,ace1 ,k+1 ,t51 & two small ,spades1 ,k+ ( ,he>ts1 & ,ace ( ,diamonds1 on ! gr\nd t ! h& is too /rong1 al?\gh ! ,no-trump bid may h be5 ?or\ghly ju/ifi$ by su* a hold+ z ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave1 ( ,he>ts2 ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 ( ,diamonds2 & ,que51 ,knave1 ( ,spades4 ,9 t ev5t x is practically sure ! adv]s>ies w op5 ! ,club suit & save ! game be=e ! ,decl>] has a *ance to w9 a trick4 ,?is & simil> situations occur ) suffici5t frequ5cy to make !m well wor?y ( consid]ation1 & :5 su* a h& fails to make game1 x c]ta9ly seems to be a p]fect example ( :at might be t]m$ useless sacrifice4 ,9 spite ( all ?is1 h[ev]1 probably z long z ! game la/s1 9 ! l>ge proportion ( h&s 9 :i* ! tak+-out does n make any diff]5ce1 ! ,decl>] w say1 ,) su* /r5g? y %\ld h let my ,no-trump alone2 or ! ,dummy w le>n$ly expla91 ,i 0 too /rong to take y out4 ,x w\ld be 9 ! int]e/ ( sci5tific play1 if1 except :5 all suits are /opp$1 ! !ory1 ,too /rong to take ! p>tn] out ( ! ,no-trump1 _h nev] be5 conceiv$1 & w\ld nev] aga9 be advanc$4 ,! same comm5t applies ) equal =ce to ! rem>k s (t5 he>d1 ,p>tn]1 ,i 0 too weak to take y out4 ,?is g5]ally emanates f a ,?ird ,h& :o has a five- or six-c>d suit 9 a trickless h&4 ,he does n /op to realize t 8 h& w n aid 8 p>tn]'s ,no-trump to ! ext5t ( a s+le trick1 b t 9 a ,trump decl>ation1 x w almo/ c]ta9ly take two tricks4 ,! ,trump bid only increases ! commitm5t by "o1 s x is obvi\sly a sav+ & advantage\s play4 ,fur!rmore1 x prev5ts ! adv]s>ies f runn+ a long suit4 ,x1 also1 9 ,clubs & ,diamonds1 is a real dang] signal1 &1 9 ! probable ev5t ( a bid by ! ,f\r? ,h&1 w>ns ! p>tn] away f two ,no-trumps4 ,! advocates ( ! weakness take-out realize t 9 exceptional in/ances ! play may result mo/ un=tunately4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has call$ a bord]-l9e ,no-trump1 )\t any /r5g? 9 ! suit nam$ by ! ,?ird ,h&1 & "o ( ! adv]s>ies has great l5g? & /r5g? 9 t suit1 a heavy loss is b\nd to ensue1 :i* may be increas$ #ajj by ! advance ( ! bid f "o to two4 ,?is case is1 inde$1 r>e1 & :5 x does turn up ! *ances are t ! ,decl>] w escape a d\ble1 z ! hold] ( ! big ,trumps w fe> ! ,deal] may be able to come to ! rescue if he po9t out ! dang] by d\bl+ ! suit call4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 t a play at times works badly is n a suffici5t argum5t aga9/ its use1 if 9 ! majority ( cases x prove advantage\s1 & t is unque/ionably true ( ! weakness take-out4 ,! /r5g? take-out1 above advocat$1 applies only to ,spades & ,he>ts4 ,) ,diamonds & ,clubs1 at a love score1 ! di/ance to g = game is 9 mo/ cases too great to make x advisable1 b ! weakness take-out %\ld be us$ equally ) any "o ( ! f\r suits1 z x is a def5sive1 n an (f5sive1 decl>ation4 ,) a score1 ,clubs & ,diamonds possess ! same value t ,he>ts & ,spades h at love1 & %\ld be treat$ simil>ly4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,ov]bid ,,) ,,/rong ,,clubs ,! "q ( :e!r ! ,?ird ,h&1 ) /rong ,clubs1 %\ld ov]bid 8 p>tn]'s ,no-trump has ar\s$ consid]able discussion4 ,! argum5t 9 favor ( su* a decl>ation 9 ,clubs1 :i* does n apply to any o!r suit1 is t ! diff]5ce betwe5 a /r5g? & a weakness ov]bid c be made app>5t by call+ ?ree & two respectively1 & yet ! %[ ( /r5g? w n =ce ! ,deal] high] ?an two ,no-trumps1 :5 8 h& is su* t ! ann\ncem5t t ! ,?ird ,h& holds /rong ,clubs1 b no?+ else1 makes ! return to ,no-trump advisable4 ,on ?is basis ( reason+ "s believe 9 call+ ?ree ,clubs :5ev] an o!rwise trickless ,?ird ,h& conta9s five or m ,clubs head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que54 ,?is1 x is conc$$1 only results advantage\sly :5 ! ,no-trump has be5 call$ ) "o suit ungu>d$1 & ,clubs is "o ( ! protect$ suits4 ,:5 ! ,no-trump has be5 decl>$ ) su* a h& z ,spades ,ace1 ,k+1 ,x ,he>ts ,x ,diamonds ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 ,x ! employm5t ( su* a sy/em ( decl>ation is exceptionally advantage\s2 z ! game is assur$ 9 ,clubs1 :ile if ! ,no-trump be left 91 ! adv]s>ies w probably save x by mak+ all _! ,he>ts be=e ! ,decl>] secures ! lead4 ,x is admitt$ t ?is case is some:at unusual1 b ! advocates ( ! sy/em1 conc$+ ?is1 argue x is advantage\s to h ?is bid 9 ! rep]tory1 &1 9 ! exceptional in/ance1 to obta9 ! b5efit1 :i* is b\nd to ensue f its use4 ,! cont5tion is t x c d no h>m1 ) su* a ,club hold+1 to =ce ! p>tn] to two ,no-trumps1 if he h all ! o!r suits /opp$1 & ! fact t ?ree ,clubs is call$ ) /r5g? m cle>ly acc5tuates ! pr9ciple t ! two ,club take\t means no?+ b weakness4 ,admitt+ ! =ce ( ?is argum5t1 & conc$+ t ! sy/em advocat$ %\ld be univ]sally adopt$ 7 !re n a wis] use = ! ?ree ,club take-out1 fir/ br+s =? ! "q ( :e!r ! case does n m frequ5tly arise 9 :i* ! long ,club hold+ ( ! ,?ird ,h& is head$ by ,k+ & ,que51 & is x n mu* m probable1 :5 ! ,?ird ,h& has long ,clubs1 t ! ,no-trump mak] has ! suit /opp$ ) ! ,ace ?an ) f\r head$ by ,knave1 ,t58 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! ?ree ,club take-out ) ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 at ! head ( five or m1 is only advantage\s :5 ! ,no-trump has be5 call$ ) a h& 9 :i* only ?ree suits are /opp$1 ( :i* ! ,club is "o4 ,if ! ,club be ! suit un/opp$1 ! call m]ely =ces an advance 9 ! ,no-trump4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! conv5tion be to use ?ree ,clubs to ov]bid ! p>tn]'s ,no-trump only :5 hold+ an o!rwise trickless h& :i* conta9s ei!r at lea/ five ,clubs head$ by ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 or at lea/ six head$ by ,k+1 ,que51 w\ld n ! numb] ( in/ances 9 :i* ! call proves ( b5efit appreciably increase1 & w\ld n e reason applicable 9 ! =m] case be ev5 m =ceful 9 ! latt]8 ,x _c be que/ion$ t ! p>tn] hav+ call$ ,no-trump1 ! ,?ird ,h& is m likely to hold ei!r five ,clubs head$ by ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 or six head$ by ,k+1 ,que51 ?an five or m head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que54 ,! great] probability t ! ,deal] w h ! ,ace ?an f\r head$ by ,knave1 ,t51 is j z obvi\s4 ,take su* a ,no-trump decl>ation z ,spades ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave ,he>ts ,x1 ,x ,diamonds ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,ace1 ,x1 ,x & ! advantage ( ! propos$ sy/em becomes app>5t4 ,! game1 :i* is almo/ sure to be lo/ by ! ,he>t lead 9 ,no-trump1 becomes almo/ a c]ta9ty ) ,clubs ,trump4 ,:5 ?is plan is us$ & ! ,deal] has ! o!r suits /opp$ b has n ! ,ace ( ,clubs1 he c easily decide :e!r to g to two ,no-trumps1 z he c e/imate f ! l5g? ( 8 ,club hold+ :e!r he c e/abli% ! long ,clubs or ! adv]se ,ace w block ! suit4 ,:5 ! latt] is ! case1 he %\ld n bid two ,no-trumps unless 8 own h& ju/ify x1 z ! ,?ird ,h& has ann\nc$ ! abs5ce ( a re5try4 ,take su* a ,no-trump decl>ation z ,spades ,ace ,he>ts ,ace1 ,k+1 ,x ,diamonds ,ace1 ,k+1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,x1 ,x1 ,x & suppose ! ,?ird ,h& hold "o or two small ,diamonds2 six ,clubs1 head$ by ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 & no o!r face c>d4 ,9 su* a case ,clubs is ! call mo/ likely to produce game4 ,ano!r & possibly ! wise/ !ory ( ! ?ree ,club take-out1 is t x %\ld be res]v$1 n = any "o p>ticul> hold+ :i* may n occur once 9 a ye>1 b = any h& 9 :i* ! ,decl>] wi%es to say1 ,p>tn]1 my c>ds are su* t ,i believe we c g game 9 ,clubs2 ) ?is in=mation1 use y\r judgm5t z to :e!r or n to return to y\r m valuable decl>ation4 ,a ,,new ,,plan ,,= ,,ov]bidd+ ,9 ?is connection1 a new s*eme ( take-out is respectfully call$ to ! att5tion ( ! ?\ghtful & /udi\s ,auction play]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is n 9 g5]al use1 is n recogniz$ z conv5tional1 has nev] be5 giv5 a satisfactory trial1 & is1 !re=e1 sugge/$ m]ely z an exp]im5t wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,! idea is t :5 a p>tn] has call$ "o ,no-trump1 ,second ,h& hav+ pass$1 ! ,?ird ,h& ) five or m ,spades or ,he>ts1 unless he h f\r suits /opp$1 %\ld bid 8 long suit 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 if ! h& be weak1 ! bid %\ld be two2 if /rong1 ?ree4 ,?is w>ns ! ,deal]1 :5 two is call$1 to let ! decl>ation alone1 z x is def5sive4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ?ree is bid1 ! ,deal] kn[s t 8 p>tn] is /rong1 & he may !n use 8 judgm5t z to ! advisability ( all[+ ! bid to /& or go+ back to ! ,no-trump1 :i* he c d )\t increas+ ! numb] ( tricks ( ! commitm5t4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 ) great /r5g?1 x is z easy to make ?ree ,no-trumps z "o1 ?ree are ne$$ = game1 &1 !re=e1 no?+ is lo/ by ! exp$i5t4 ,play+ "u ?is sy/em1 %\ld ! ,?ird ,h& hold f\r or five honors 9 8 suit1 & e>ne/ly desire to play x = ! honor score1 x w\ld be a p]fectly legitimate /rategy to deceive ! p>tn] tempor>ily by bidd+ two1 in/ead ( ?ree4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,ov]bid ,,"o ,,no-,,trump ,,) ,,two ,,no-,,trumps ,:5 ! ,deal] has bid "o ,no-trump & ! ,second ,h& pass$1 ! ,?ird ,h&1 mu* m frequ5tly ?an mo/ play]s imag9e1 %\ld call two ,no-trumps4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t %\ld ! ,?ird ,h& pass1 ! ,f\r? ,h& c1 by bidd+ two ( a suit1 indicate to 8 p>tn] ! lead he desires4 ,?is places ! adv]s>ies 9 a mu* m advantage\s position ?an if ! lead] op5 8 own suit )\t in=mation f 8 p>tn]4 ,! bid ( two ,no-trumps by ! ,?ird ,h& g5]ally prev5ts ! ,f\r? ,h& f decl>+1 z x necessitates a call ( ?ree1 :i*1 sitt+ betwe5 two ,no-trump bidd]s1 is1 9 mo/ cases1 too =midable a contract to und]take4 ,x is1 !re=e1 advisable = ! ,?ird ,h&1 on ! fir/ r\nd1 to advance1 f "o to two1 8 p>tn]'s ,no-trump decl>ation1 9 e in/ance 9 :i*1 9 ! ev5t ( an adv]se bid1 he is /rong en\gh to call two ,no-trumps4 ,?is conv5tion1 :ile z yet comp>atively new1 &1 !re=e1 b little us$1 works mo/ advantage\sly1 z x frequ5tly %uts out ! only lead :i* c keep ! ,no-trump f go+ game4 ,x is important = e play] to und]/& ! s*eme1 & nev] to ov]look an opportunity to make ! decl>ation4 ,,:at ,,?ird ,,h& ,,%\ld ,,bid ,,:5 ,,second ,,h& ,,has ,,decl>$ ,?is situation involves s _m possibilities t x is h>d to cov] x ) fix$ rules4 ,! ,?ird ,h& 9 ?is position %\ld reason 9 v mu* ! same mann] z ! ,second ,h&1 aft] ! ,deal] has made a decl>ation %[+ /r5g?4#aa ,!re is ?is di/9ct diff]5ce1 h[ev]3 9 ! case ( ! ,second ,h&1 he only kn[s t ! ,deal] has suffici5t /r5g? to decl>e1 & is )\t any means1 o!r ?an ! doctr9e ( *ances1 ( e/imat+ ! /r5g? ( 8 p>tn]'s h&4 ,! ,?ird ,h&1 h[ev]1 9 ! situation "u consid]ation1 is n only advis$ t "o adv]s>y has suffici5t /r5g? to decl>e1 b also kn[s :e!r 8 p>tn]'s c>ds ju/ify an initial bid4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has %[n /r5g?1 he c be c\nt$ ^u = at lea/ ! m9imum t 8 bid has evid5c$2 :5 he has call$ "o ,spade1 x w\ld n be wise to expect him to w9 m ?an "o trick4 #aa ,see page #gb4 ,! ,?ird ,h& %\ld consid] ^! features ( ! situation1 & satisfy himself1 :5 8 p>tn] has n %[n /r5g?1 t he is tak+ a wise risk 9 bidd+ ov] an adv]se decl>ation4 ,to ju/ify a call ( ,no-trump ov] a ,trump1 he %\ld ei!r h ! decl>$ suit /opp$ twice or1 if x be /opp$ b once1 he %\ld also h solid ,clubs or ,diamonds4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has decl>$ ,he>ts or ,royals1 & ! ,second ,h& made a high] suit call1 x is1 z a rule1 wis] = ! ,?ird ,h& to advance 8 p>tn]'s decl>ation ?an to v5ture a ,no-trump unless he h ! adv]se suit /opp$ twice4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has bid ,no-trump & ! ,second ,h& two ( any suit1 ! ,?ird ,h& %\ld n bid two ,no-trump unless he h ! decl>$ suit /opp$ & at lea/ "o o!r trick4 ,)\t ! decl>$ suit /opp$1 he %\ld n bid two ,no-trump unless 8 h& be s /rong t he c figure ) almo/ positive c]ta9ty t ! ,no-trump bid ( 8 p>tn] c\ld n h be5 made )\t ! adv]se suit be+ /opp$4 ,:5 9 d\bt1 "u su* conditions1 z to ! advisability ( ei!r bidd+ two ,no-trumps or "s suit1 ! latt] policy is g5]ally ! saf]4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has call$ ,no-trump & ! ,second ,h& two ( a suit1 ! ,?ird ,h& mu/ realize t 8 p>tn] has already be5 tak5 out1 & !re=e1 "u no circum/ances1 %\ld he bid 9 ?is situation1 except = ! purpose ( %[+ /r5g?2 or ) ! conviction t1 aid$ by 8 p>tn]'s ,no-trump1 he c fulfil ! contract he is propos+4 ,= example1 ,deal] bids "o ,no-trump2 ,second ,h&1 two ,royals2 ,?ird ,h& holds six ,he>ts1 head$ by ! ,knave1 )\t ano!r trick4 ,"u ^! conditions1 a ,he>t bid w\ld be mo/ mislead+1 & probably mo/ damag+4 ,! ,deal] may n be able to help ! ,he>t decl>ation1 & he may v prop]ly be enc\rag$ by x to believe t ! ,?ird ,h& has consid]able /r5g?1 especially 9 ,he>ts1 b is v weak 9 ,spades4 ,if1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is suppos$ in=mation1 he return to 8 ,no-trump decl>ation1 or d\ble an adv]se ?ree ,royals1 ! result is apt to be extremely disa/r\s4 ,! ,?ird ,h& mu/ di/+ui% ?is case c>efully f ! situation 9 :i* ! ,deal] has bid "o ,no-trump & ! ,second ,h& pass$4 ,) ! comb9ation m5tion$1 he %\ld !n1 ( c\rse1 mo/ unhesitat+ly take out 8 p>tn] by bidd+ two ,he>ts2 t bid1 "u su* circum/ances1 n %[+ /r5g?4 ,ano!r situation t arises m frequ5tly ?an w\ld be suppos$1 & ! advantage ( :i* x is mo/ important = ! ,?ird ,h& to grasp1 is :5 ! ,deal] has bid ,no-trump2 ! ,second ,h&1 two ( a suit2 & ! ,?ird ,h&1 )\t ! adv]se suit /opp$1 holds great /r5g? 9 ,clubs1 ) su* a h& t he desires 8 p>tn] to g to two ,no-trumps2 provid$ he h ! adv]s>ies' suit /opp$4 ,! bid ( ?ree ,clubs does n increase ! ,no-trump commitm5t :i* ! p>tn] is oblig$ to make1 & is mu* saf] ?an = ! ,?ird ,h& to bid two ,no-trumps )\t ! adv]se suit /opp$4 ,x is a sugge/ion to ! p>tn] to bid two ,no-trumps1 provid$ he c take c>e ( ! suit :i* ! ,second ,h& has decl>$4 ,v ,,f\r? ,,h& ,,decl>ations ,"s ( ! pr9ciples t h be5 consid]$ 9 connection ) c]ta9 ,second & ,?ird ,h& bids are also applicable to simil> ,f\r? ,h& decl>ations4 ,^! are easily po9t$ out1 b ! bidd+ by ! ,f\r? ,h& pres5ts o!r problems mu* m difficult4 ,ea* play] :o has an opportunity to decl>e mat]ially complicates ! situation1 & makes x h>d] to accurately describe4 ,z ?ree play]s decl>e or pass be=e ! ,f\r? ,h& has 8 turn1 x is almo/ impossible to anticipate e cont+5cy t may arise4 ,! be/ t c be done is to subdivide ,f\r? ,h& decl>ations z foll[s3-- #a4 ,:5 ! ,deal]'s def5sive decl>ation has be5 ! only bid4 #b4 ,:5 ! only (f5sive decl>ation has be5 made by ! ,deal]4 #c4 ,:5 ! only (f5sive decl>ation has be5 made by ! ,second ,h&4 #d4 ,:5 ! only (f5sive decl>ation has be5 made by ! ,?ird ,h&4 #e4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has made a def5sive1 & bo? ! ,second & ,?ird ,h&1 (f5sive decl>ations4 #f4 ,:5 ! ,deal] & ,second ,h& h made (f5sive decl>ations & ! ,?ird ,h& pass$4 #g4 ,:5 ! ,deal] & ,?ird ,h& h made (f5sive decl>ations1 & ! ,second ,h& pass$4 #h4 ,:5 all ?ree play]s h made (f5sive decl>ations4 #a4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,deal]',s ,,def5sive ,,decl>ation ,,has ,,be5 ,,! ,,only ,,bid ,z a g5]al rule1 :5 ?is situation arises1 ! ,f\r? ,h& holds a comb9ation ( c>ds :i* makes 8 bid unmi/akable4 ,! o!r ?ree play]s hav+ %[n weakness1 or1 at lea/1 ! abs5ce ( (f5sive /r5g?1 ! ,f\r? ,h& almo/ inv>iably has a ,no-trump] ( su* /r5g? t 8 pa?way is pla94 ,( c\rse1 8 h& may1 by reason ( ,spade or ,he>t l5g?1 call = a ,royal or ,he>t decl>ation 9 pref]5ce to a ,no-trump]1 b nev]!less1 "u ^! circum/ances1 x is g5]ally easy = ! ,f\r? ,h& to decl>e4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! exceptional case occurs1 9 :i* ! ,f\r? ,h& f9ds himself1 no previ\s (f5sive decl>ation hav+ be5 made1 )\t a pla9ly indicat$ bid1 x is difficult to lay d[n a rule = 8 guidance4 ,?ree play]s h %[n weakness1 & yet 8 c>ds assure him t "o or m ( !m is ei!r unduly cauti\s1 has pass$ by mi/ake1 or is try+ to deceive4 ,if ! /r5g? be ) 8 p>tn]1 x may be t1 by pass+1 he w lose an opportunity to secure ! game4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! adv]s>ies h ! w9n+ c>ds1 he may1 by decl>+1 all[ !m to make a game decl>ation1 :]eas !y are n[ limit$ to an inf9itesimal score4 ,he mu/ also consid] t1 %\ld he pass1 ! maximum he & 8 p>tn] c secure is #ajj po9ts 9 ! honor column4 ,?is is a position to :i* conv5tional rules _c apply4 ,! individual *>act]i/ics ( ! play]s mu/ be consid]$4 ,! ,f\r? ,h& mu/ guess :i* ( ! ?ree play]s is ! mo/ apt to h be5 cauti\s1 c>eless1 or foxy1 & he %\ld ei!r pass or decl>e1 z he decides :e!r x is m likely t 8 p>tn] or "o ( ! two adv]s>ies is responsible = 8 pr$icam5t4 ,x sometimes1 al?\gh r>ely1 happ5s t ! /r5g? n 9 ! ,f\r? ,h& is s ev5ly divid$ t no "o ( ! ?ree has be5 ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ an (f5sive decl>ation1 & yet ! ,f\r? ,h& is n v /rong4 ,:5 ?is occurs1 a clev] play] c z a rule readily & accurately diagnose x f ! "* ( 8 h&1 & he %\ld !n pass1 z he _c hope to make game on an ev5ly divid$ h&1 :ile z x /&s he has ! adv]s>ies limit$ to a score ( #b po9ts = ea* odd trick1 yet book$ = a loss ( #ej if !y fail to make sev5 tricks2 #ajj1 if !y d n make six4 ,9 o!r words1 !y are bett+ #be to #a on an ev5 proposition4 ,su* a position is mu* too advantage\s to volunt>ily surr5d]4 ,x is h>dly conceivable t any "o w\ld advocate t a ,f\r? ,h& play] ) a sure game 9 8 grasp1 in/ead ( scor+ x1 %\ld all[ ! adv]se "o ,spade to /ay 9 = ! purpose ( secur+ ! #ajj bonus4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z ?is proposition has be5 advanc$ by a prom95t writ]1 x is only fair t its s\ndness %\ld be analyz$4 ,! argum5t is t ! score :i* is accumulat$ 9 go+ game is g5]ally consid]ably less ?an #ajj1 av]ag+ n ov] #fj1 & t1 !re=e1 ! bonus ( #ajj is m advantage\s4 ,! example is giv5 ( a pair :o adopt$ ^! tactics1 & on "o occasion ga!r$ eight successive hundr$s 9 ?is mann]1 ev5tually obta9+ a rubb] ( approximately #aaej po9ts in/ead ( "o ( ab\t #cej4 ,! answ] to any su* proposition is s self-evid5t t x is difficult to und]/& h[ x c be ov]look$4 ,x is true t a game-go+ h& does n av]age ov] #fj po9ts1 :i* is #dj less ?an #ajj1 b a game is half ( a rubb]4 ,w9n+ a rubb] is wor? #bej1 )\t consid]+ ! #bej scor$ by ! adv]s>ies1 if !y w94 ,a game1 at its l[e/ valuation1 is1 !re=e1 wor? #abe plus #fj1 or #he m ?an ! #ajj4 ,exam9+ ! case cit$1 x w be se5 t ev5 _h ! pair1 :o are s highly prais$ = _! self-control 9 scor+ eight hundr$ be=e go+ game1 kn[n t = t5 successive h&s !y w\ld hold all ! c>ds1 &1 !re=e1 t !y _h no?+ to fe> f adv]se rubb] scores ( #bej1 !y1 nev]!less1 made b poor use ( _! wond]ful opportunities4 ,if1 in/ead ( accumulat+ t #hjj1 !y _h elect$ to w9 five rubb]s1 !y w\ld h talli$ at ! mo/ mod]ate e/imate five times #cej1 or #agej1 9 place ( ! #aaej ( :i* !y boa/4 ,if1 h[ev]1 dur+ t run ( luck ! adv]s>ies _h held two game h&s--say1 ! #e? & #aj?1 ! expon5ts ( self-control w\ld h made on ! t5 h&s ab\t #dej po9ts1 in/ead ( approximately #acej1 :i* w\ld h be5 secur$ by play]s :o realiz$ ! value ( a game4 ,9 ! ev5t ( an ev5 & alt]nate division ( game h&s1 ! non-game w9n]s at ! end ( twelve h&s w\ld h lo/ ?ree rubb]s & won none1 z comp>$ ) an ev5 score _h !y avail$ !mselves ( _! opportunities4 ,x is1 !re=e1 easily se5 t ! clos] ! inve/igation1 ! m app>5t becomes ! absurdity ( ! doctr9e t x is advantage\s to sacrifice a game = a score ( #ajj4 #b4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,only ,,(f5sive ,,decl>ation ,,has ,,be5 ,,made ,,by ,,! ,,deal] ,9 ?is case ! ,f\r? ,h&1 be=e mak+ a decl>ation 9 any mann] d\btful1 %\ld rememb] t 8 p>tn] has1 by fail+ to decl>e1 ann\nc$ t he has n suffici5t /r5g? to ov]bid ! ,deal]4 ,?is does n1 h[ev]1 signify t he has a trickless h&1 & ! ,f\r? ,h& may ev5 yet c\nt ^u him = "s support4 ,!re are two features--bo? ( importance--"o weigh+ 9 favor1 ! o!r aga9/1 a decl>ation "u ^! circum/ances4 ,"o is1 t ! /r5g? be+ ov] ! ,f\r? ,h&1 he is plac$ 9 ! wor/ possible position 9 ! play1 & !re is m probability ( 8 be+ d\bl$ ?an "u any o!r conditions4 ,if he be d\bl$1 x is n likely t 8 p>tn] c take him out or prove ( mat]ial assi/ance1 z ! d\ble is apt to come 9 ! case 9 :i* ! p>tn] has pass$ ) a practically trickless h&4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! lead is ) ! p>tn]1 & especially :5 a ,no-trump has be5 decl>$1 x may be ( great advantage to indicate ! suit :i* %\ld be l$4 ,! ,f\r? ,h& %\ld1 !re=e1 if possible avoid plac+ a l>ge bonus 9 ! adv]s>ies' column1 yet he %\ld n hesitate to take a *ance :5 8 h& indicates t ! lead ( a c]ta9 suit w be likely to save game4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a ,deal]'s decl>ation :i* is n apt to produce game com+ up to ! ,f\r? ,h&1 he %\ld pass1 unless 8 hold+ conv9ce him t he w be able to g game %\ld he decl>e4 #c4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,only ,,(f5sive ,,decl>ation ,,has ,,be5 ,,made ,,by ,,! ,,second ,,h& ,9 ?is situation ! ,f\r? ,h& is 9 mu* ! same position z ! ,?ird ,h& :5 ! ,deal] has made an (f5sive decl>ation1 & ! ,second ,h& pass$4#ab ,! only diff]5ce is t ! ,f\r? ,h& kn[s t bo? ( ! adv]s>ies are app>5tly weak1 :]eas 9 ! previ\s case ! ,?ird ,h& _h t in=mation z to only "o4 ,! ,f\r? ,h& c1 !re=e1 act mu* m freely1 & %\ld1 if 9 any way possible1 increase a decl>ation :i* is n apt to result 9 game to "o ( ! ?ree game-produc+ bids4 ,at a love score1 a ,club or ,diamond decl>ation %\ld be all[$ to /& 9 two cases only3-- 7a7 ,weakness1 :i* does n make any fur!r decl>ation reasonable4 7b7 ,a comb9ation ( c>ds :i* makes x probable ! ,club or ,diamond call w result 9 game4 #ab ,see page #hf4 ,:5 ! ,second ,h& has decl>$ ,no-trump1 ,royals1 or ,he>ts1 8 bid %\ld be accord$ exactly ! same treatm5t t a simil> call ( ! ,deal] receives f ! ,?ird ,h&4#ac #ac ,see page #hf4 ,nei!r a two nor ?ree ,spade decl>ation made by ! p>tn] %\ld "u any circum/ances1 be pass$4 ,9 ^! cases1 ! ,f\r? ,h& c h little d\bt :at c\rse to pursue4 ,8 p>tn]'s h& is spread be=e him almo/ z cle>ly z if expos$ ^u ! table4#ad ,) weakness1 or ) a mod]ate h&1 he %\ld bid "o ,royal1 ?is be+ m]ely a take\t1 & n giv+ any indication ( /r5g?4 ,9 ?is position he is plac$ 9 ! same situation z ! ,?ird ,h& :5 ! ,deal] has made a simil> decl>ation1#ae & ^! two propositions are ! only in/ances 9 ! mod]n game ( ,auction :]e a play] )\t /r5g? is requir$ to assume ! (f5sive4 ,no matt] h[ weak ! h& may be1 ! ,f\r? ,h& mu/ decl>e "o ,royal1 s z to r$uce ! contract1 & also to increase ! advantage obta9$ f its fulfillm5t4 ,! p>tn] mu/ read "o ,royal to be an indication ( weakness1 or1 at lea/1 n a %[+ ( /r5g?4 #ad ,see pages #fg-gb inc4 #ae ,see pages #hh1 #hi1 #ij4 ,) ,spade l5g? or /r5g?1 ! ,f\r? ,h&1 especially 9 ! case ( ! ?ree ,spade decl>ation1 %\ld bid two ,royals4 ,if he decl>e any?+ b ,royals1 he says to ! p>tn]1 ,i realize p]fectly :at y h1 b my h& conv9ces me t ! decl>ation ,i am mak+ w be m advantage\s ?an ! "o y h sugge/$4 ,9 ! ev5t ( "o ,spade d\bl$ com+ to ! ,f\r? ,h&1 he is also accurately in=m$ z to 8 p>tn]'s hold+1 & sugge/ion4#af ,9 ?is case1 x is ! r>e h& :i* does n w>rant an (f5sive decl>ation4 #af ,see pages #fe1 #ff4 ,x is n s great an advantage = ! ,f\r? ,h& to call two ,no-trumps ov] "o ,no-trump decl>$ by ! ,second ,h& z x is = ! ,?ird ,h& to simil>ly ov]bid ! ,deal]4#ag ,! reason = ?is is1 t ! ma9 purpose ( ?is ov]bid by ! ,?ird ,h& is to prev5t ! ,f\r? ,h& f indicat+ ! suit he desires 8 p>tn] to lead1 b ! ,deal]1 hav+ already decl>$ weakness1 is n s likely to be able to make a bid :i* w 9 any way int]f]e ) ! success ( a ,no-trump]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n at all impossible t a decl>ation ( ! ,deal]'s long weak suit1 especially :5 ! ,second ,h& has an honor or two ( x1 may be awkw>d = ! ,no-trump decl>]1 & !re=e1 ) ! hold+ :i* ju/ifies x1 ! bid ( two ,no-trumps1 "u ^! conditions1 is di/9ctly comm5dable4 #ag ,see pages #ajh1 #aji4 #d4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,only ,,(f5sive ,,decl>ation ,,has ,,be5 ,,made ,,by ,,! ,,?ird ,,h& ,9 ?is position ! ,f\r? ,h& is in=m$ ( 8 p>tn]'s weakness4 ,?is weakness is probably q pron\nc$1 z ! ,second ,h& has pass$ ! ,deal]'s def5sive decl>ation1 & al?\gh x is d\btless reasonable = ! ,f\r? ,h& ev5 yet to c\nt ^u 8 p>tn] = "o trick1 he c]ta9ly w\ld n be ju/ifi$ 9 expect+ mu* great] aid4 ,x is a place = caution2 al?\gh he is 9 ! advantage\s position ( sitt+ ov] ! adv]se /r5g?1 he %\ld bid only if he see a fair *ance = game1 or ?9k 8 h& is su* t he may safely attempt to =ce ! adv]s>y4 #e4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,deal] ,,has ,,made ,a ,,def5sive1 ,,& ,,bo? ,,! ,,second ,,& ,,?ird ,,h&s ,,(f5sive1 ,,decl>ations ,9 ?is situation1 ! ,f\r? ,h& comes m ne>ly )9 ! category ( a second r\nd1 or late bidd]2 t is1 he is 9 ! position 9 :i* a play] (t5 f9ds himself :51 aft] "s bidd+ 9 :i* he has n p>ticipat$1 he is 9 d\bt :e!r he has suffici5t /r5g? to advance 8 p>tn]'s decl>ation4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 a play] %\ld always rememb] t 8 p>tn] has c\nt$ ^u him = a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( high c>ds4 ,if he h n m ?an t p]c5tage1 x w\ld be ! "p ( extreme folly = him to decl>e4 ,:5 ! p>tn] has made a suit decl>ation1 & he has weakness 9 ! suit1 b "s /r5g? else:]e1 he %\ld be especially c>eful1 &1 be=e bidd+1 conv9ce himself t 8 side /r5g? is m ?an 8 p>tn] expect$4 ,advanc+ a p>tn]'s suit bid by reason ( /r5g? 9 o!r suits1 :ile1 :5 ! /r5g? w>rants x1 unque/ionably s\nd1 is apt to deceive ! p>tn]1 z 8 fir/ ?\ght necess>ily is t ! bid indicates help 9 ! suit decl>$4 ,:5 ! p>tn] has decl>$ ,no-trump1 & ! ,?ird ,h& has call$ two 9 a suit1 ! ,f\r? ,h& is 9 mu* ! same position reg>d+ ! advancem5t ( 8 p>tn]'s ,no-trump] z ! ,?ird ,h& :5 ! ,deal] bids a ,no-trump1 & ! ,second ,h&1 two ( a suit4#ah ,! only diff]5ce is t 9 ?is case !re is little probability ( high-c>d /r5g? be+ develop$ on ! left4 #ah ,see page #aaa4 #f4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,deal] ,,& ,,second ,,h& ,,h ,,made ,,(f5sive ,,decl>ations1 ,,& ,,! ,,?ird ,,h& ,,pass$ ,x is an exceptional h& :i* ju/ifies tak+ ! p>tn] out ( a suit decl>ation1 call$ ov] a ,no-trump bid by ! ,deal]4 ,! p>tn] has ! advantage ( sitt+ ov] ! ,deal]1 :ile ! ,deal] w\ld h ?is same advantage %\ld ! ,f\r? ,h& decl>e "s o!r suit4 ,9 ?is position ! p>tn] hav+ bid two ,clubs or ,diamonds1 ! ,f\r? ,h&1 ) ! o!r ?ree suits /opp$1 is ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t ! orig9al ,no-trump 0 made ) ! m9imum /r5g?1 & ! *ance ( game1 z ! decl>ation /&s1 be+ remote1 %\ld try a bid ( two ,no-trumps4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has decl>$ a suit1 & ! ,second ,h&1 ,no-trump1 ! ,f\r? ,h& %\ld ov]bid ! ,second ) a suit decl>ation 7except1 ( c\rse1 9 ! almo/ inconceivable case 9 :i* ! /r5g? ( ! ,f\r? ,h& is 9 ! suit nam$ by ! ,deal]71 ) ! same hold+ t ! ,?ird ,h& is ju/ifi$ 9 ov]bidd+ ! ,deal]'s ,no-trump4#ai #ai ,see pages #if-ajh inc4 #g4 ,,:5 ,,! ,,deal] ,,& ,,?ird ,,h& ,,h ,,made ,,(f5sive ,,decl>ations ,,& ,,! ,,second ,,h& ,,pass$ ,9 ?is case1 bo? adv]s>ies hav+ %[n /r5g?1 & ! p>tn] weakness1 x is dang]\s = ! ,f\r? ,h& to decl>e1 & he %\ld d s only :5 8 hold+ conv9ces him t 8 decl>ation is n likely to be successfully d\bl$4 #h4 ,,:5 ,,all ,,?ree ,,play]s ,,h ,,made ,,(f5sive ,,decl>ations ,?is case is entirely analog\s to ! second r\nd or late bidd+1 & is cov]$ "u ! head ( ,,cont9uation ,,( ,,! ,,bidd+4 ,,vi ,,cont9uation ,,( ,,! ,,bidd+ ,aft] ! completion ( ! fir/ r\nd1 ! situation ( ! bidd] becomes s complex t x is mo/ difficult to apply g5]al rules4 ,"s pr9ciples1 h[ev]1 %\ld be borne 9 m9d4 ,bidd+ "o ,spade1 or pass+1 places a play] ) two tricks 9 a position to increase 8 p>tn]'s call2 b :5 a bidd] has already %[n ! full /r5g?1 or practically ! full /r5g?1 ( 8 h&1 he %\ld n1 "u any circum/ances1 advance ei!r 8 own or 8 p>tn]'s decl>ation4 ,! temptation to disreg>d ?is rule is at times exce$+ly /rong4 ,= example1 ! deal] decl>es "o ,he>t1 hold+ ,k+1 ,que51 at ! top ( five ,he>ts1 & ! ,ace ( ,spades4 ,! p>tn] calls "o ,no-trump1 & ! ,f\r? ,h&1 two ,royals4 ,9 su* case1 ! orig9al ,he>t bidd] frequ5tly advances ! ,no-trump to two1 because he has ! adv]se suit /opp$1 )\t consid]+ t 8 p>tn]1 9 bidd+ "o ,no-trump1 c\nt$ ^u him = ei!r t ,ace ( ,spades1 or ! equival5t /r5g?1 &1 !re=e1 he %\ld leave ! "q ( ! cont9uance ( ! ,no-trump to ! play] :o kn[s its exact /r5g?4 ,ano!r example ( ?is proposition may be wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,! deal] holds ,spades ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,he>ts ,ace1 ,x ,diamonds ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,he bids "o ,diamond2 ,second ,h&1 pass2 ,?ird ,h&1 "o ,he>t2 ,f\r? ,h&1 "o ,royal4 ,9 ?is position a ?\ghtless play] might call two ,he>ts1 b su* a decl>ation w\ld greatly exagg]ate ! value ( ! h&4 ,! deal] by 8 fir/ bid has ann\nc$ 8 ability to take at lea/ ?ree tricks if ,diamonds be ,trump1 & at lea/ two tricks if ! deal be play$ )\t a ,trump4 ,8 h& ju/ifies su* a call1 b t is all2 hav+ decl>$ 8 full /r5g?1 8 lips mu/ !reaft] be seal$4 ,8 p>tn] is already c\nt+ ^u him = two high-c>d tricks1 :i* is ! maximum 8 h& c possibly produce2 %\ld he call two ,he>ts on ! basis ( ! ,ace1 ! orig9al ,he>t bidd] w\ld expect assi/ance to ! ext5t ( at lea/ ?ree tricks4 ,he might receive only "o4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! deal]'s h& be ,spades ,x ,he>ts ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,diamonds ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 ,x ,clubs ,ace1 ,x1 ,x a v diff]5t proposition pres5ts itself4 ,:ile ?is comb9ation1 _h ,no-trump be5 call$1 w\ld n be /rong] ?an ! o!r & %\ld n advance ! bid1 ) ,he>ts ,trump x is a mo/ valuable assi/ant1 & be+ wor? at lea/ ?ree tricks1 is fully w>rant$ 9 call+ at lea/ two ,he>ts4 ,! fact t x conta9s f\r ,he>ts is "o mat]ial elem5t ( /r5g? & ! s+leton ,spade is ano!r1 nei!r ( :i* has be5 ann\nc$ by ! orig9al call4 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult tasks ( ! bidd] is to accurately e/imate ! numb] ( tricks ! comb9$ h&s ( 8 p>tn]%ip c reasonably be expect$ to w94 ,x sometimes occurs1 especially 9 :at are kn[n z freak h&s1 t "o pair c take mo/ ( ! tricks ) "o suit decl>ation1 :ile ) ano!r1 _! adv]s>ies c be equally successful4 ,?is is mo/ apt to happ5 9 two-suit h&s1 or :5 l5g? 9 ,trumps is c\pl$ ) a cross-ruff4 ,9 ! ord9>y run ( ev5ly divid$ h&s1 !re is n su* great diff]5ce 9 ! trick-tak+ ability ( two decl>ations4 ,! play] :o1 except ) an extraord9>y h&1 commits 8 side to t5 or elev5 tricks1 aft] ! adv]s>ies h %[n t ) ano!r decl>ation !y d n expect to lose m ?an two or ?ree1 is extremely v5turesome1 & apt to prove a dang]\s p>tn]4 ,9 normal deals1 a *ange 9 ! ,trump suit does n produce a %ift ( sev5 or eight tricks4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,advance ,,! ,,bid ,x is frequ5tly mo/ difficult = a bidd] to det]m9e :e!r he is ju/ifi$ 9 advanc+ 8 own or 8 p>tn]'s decl>ation1 & :5 9 d\bt x is g5]ally bett] to err on ! side ( cons]vatism4 ,! cont9uation ( a ,no-trump )\t ! adv]se suit ?or\ghly gu>d$ is mo/ dang]\s1 & %\ld be risk$ only :5 ! ,decl>] is conv9c$ beyond d\bt t 8 hold+ ju/ifies x1 or :5 ! p>tn] has %[n t he c /op ! ?reat5+ suit4 ,:5 ! p>tn]1 ei!r z ,deal] or ,second ,h&1 has decl>$ "o ,no-trump1 ! bid has unque/ionably be5 bas$ ^u ! expectation ( av]age assi/ance1 & unless able to furni% m1 a high] call %\ld n be made4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! p>tn] bid twice1 )\t aid1 two tricks unque/ionably ju/ifies assi/+ once4 ,! m9imum trick-tak+ ability ) :i* an orig9al suit decl>ation is made be+ appreciably great] ?an ! numb] ( tricks conta9$ 9 a bord]-l9e ,no-trump]1 ! =m] %\ld be assi/$ ) less /r5g? ?an is requir$ to advance ! latt]4 ,) two sure tricks ! p>tn]'s suit call %\ld be help$ once by a play] :o has n decl>$1 b :e!r a ,no-trump %\ld be aid$ ) j two tricks & no *ance ( m is a "q dep5d+ ^u ! judgm5t ( ! bidd] & ^u :e!r "o ( ! tricks is 9 ! adv]se suit4 ,) two sure high-c>d tricks & a five-c>d suit1 b )\t ! adv]se suit gu>d$1 ! five-c>d suit is g5]ally ! call1 especially if two 9 x w be suffici5t4 ,?ree ,clubs1 h[ev]1 %\ld n be decl>$ )\t due consid]ation1 z t decl>ation is recogniz$ z dem&+ two ,no-trumps f ! p>tn] if he h ! adv]se suit /opp$4 ,be+ void or hold+ only a s+leton ( a suit1 especially if x be ! suit decl>$ by ! adv]s>y1 is to be consid]$ 9 reckon+ ! trick-tak+ value ( a h& :i* contemplates assi/+ a p>tn]'s ,trump decl>ation4 ,= example1 f\r small ,he>ts1 ! ,ace & ?ree o!r ,clubs1 & five small ,diamonds1 :5 ! p>tn] has call$ "o ,he>t1 are wor? ?ree or f\r tricks1 al?\gh ! h& conta9s b "o ,ace & no face c>d4 ,hold+ su* a comb9ation1 a p>tn]'s bid ( "o ,he>t %\ld be advanc$ at lea/ twice4 ,:5 a decl>ation by ! deal] is foll[$ by two passes & an ov]bid by ! "r-h& adv]s>y1 ! deal] is frequ5tly plac$ 9 a d\btful position z to :e!r he %\ld advance 8 own bid4 ,"s au?orities cont5d t ) less ?an six tricks he %\ld wait = 8 p>tn]1 & :ile no inflexible rule c be made to cov] all su* cases1 ! foll[] ( ?is proposition has probably adopt$ ! safe/ guide4 ,:5 ! orig9al call has be5 "o ,no-trump1 x is ! "p ( wisdom ) less ?an six tricks1 ev5 if ! adv]se suit be /opp$ twice1 to give ! p>tn] a *ance4 ,if he c furni% m ?an two tricks1 he w decl>e1 & ! ,deal] c !n1 if he s desire1 cont9ue ! ,no-trump1 b to bid )\t fir/ he>+ f ! p>tn] is obvi\sly v5turesome4 ,if ! ,deal] h five tricks1 t is en\gh to save game1 b is ?ree tricks %ort ( mak+ two ,no-trumps4 ,:5 ! ,deal] has decl>$ a /rong ,no-trump ) "o unprotect$ suit & 8 "r-h& adv]s>y calls two 9 t suit1 x is manife/ly unwise to cont9ue ! ,no-trump4 ,hold+ six sure tricks 9 a high]-valu$ suit or sev5 9 a l[]1 x is probably wise to bid two or ?ree1 z ! exig5cies ( ! case may require1 9 t suit4 ,9 close cases1 :5 advanc+ or decl9+ to advance ! p>tn]'s bid1 ! p]sonal equation %\ld be a mo/ important1 if n ! decid+1 factor4 ,"s play]s are not$ = _! reckless decl>+2 ) su* a p>tn] ! bidd+ mu/ be ultra-cons]vative4 ,o!r play]s d n reg>d conv5tional rules 9 _! e>ly decl>ations4 ,! bids ( a p>tn] ( ?is k9d %\ld n be increas$ unless ! h& conta9 at lea/ "o trick m ?an ! numb] t normally w\ld ju/ify an advance4 ,:5 play+ aga9/ a bidd] :o has ! habit ( ov]bidd+1 full advantage %\ld be tak5 ( 8 weakness1 & :5ev] possible he %\ld be =c$ to a high contract he may be unable to fulfil4 ,:5 a deal] :o has op5$ ) "o ,spade1 or any o!r play] :o has pass$ ! fir/ r\nd1 subsequ5tly ent]s ! bidd+1 he gives unmi/akable evid5ce ( l5g? b n /r5g?4 ,?is is a second>y decl>ation1 & ! mak] pla9ly ann\nces1 ,i w take _m m tricks ) ?is suit ,trump ?an any o!r2 inde$1 ,i may n w9 a trick ) any o!r ,trump4 ,ov]bidd+ a p>tn]'s second>y decl>ation1 or c\nt+ ^u x = tricks :5 d\bl+ an adv]s>y :o has ov]call$ x1 %[s inexcusable lack ( und]/&+ ( ! mod]n sy/em ( decl>+4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,ov]bid ,,! ,,p>tn] ,ov]bidd+ a p>tn] ) a decl>ation :i* he has once tak5 out is only au?oriz$ by an honor c\nt :i* is ( mat]ial value1 or a sure game4 ,= example1 if a play] decl>e "o ,royal1 hold+ f\r or five honors1 & ! p>tn] ov]bid ) a ,no-trump1 ! orig9al decl>] %\ld bid two ,royals2 b )\t ! big honor c\nt x is wis] to let ! ,no-trump /&1 z ! p>tn] has ann\nc$ weakness 9 ,spades4 ,! same l9e ( reason+ %\ld be foll[$ :5 ! p>tn] has call$ two ( a suit ov] a ,no-trump4 ,z a rule1 "u ^! conditions1 x is mo/ unwise = ! orig9al ,no-trump decl>] to bid two ,no-trumps1 b ) f\r ,aces1 ! value ( ! honors ?or\ghly w>rants su* a decl>ation1 unless ! p>tn]'s call has evid5tly be5 a rescue4 ,! rescue or weakness take-out is a w>n+ n to be disreg>d$4 ,two ,clubs or ,diamonds ov] a ,no-trump is ! mo/ self-evid5t example1 & aft] su* a call by ! p>tn] x takes a hold+ ( eight sure tricks to ju/ify two ,no-trumps4 ,( c\rse1 ) f\r ,aces1 sev5 tricks w\ld w>rant ! call1 on ! !ory t at ! wor/ ! #ajj = ! ,aces w\ld set (f ! possible loss by ! d\ble1 & m ?an equal ! loss if a d\ble be n made4 ,,flag-,,fly+ ,! practice g5]ally call$ flag-fly+ consi/s 9 ov]bidd+ an adv]se decl>ation1 :i* w surely result 9 game & rubb]1 ) a hold+ :i* is n ( suffici5t /r5g? to c>ry out ! contract4 ,:ile at times flag-fly+ is ( great advantage1 9 inexp]i5c$ h&s x is apt to prove a dang]\s exp$i5t4 ,! argum5t 9 its favor is obvi\s4 ,! bonus ( #bej po9ts = ! rubb] really makes #ejj po9ts ! diff]5ce betwe5 w9n+ & los+1 & 9 addition !re mu/ be comput$ ! po9ts & honors :i* w\ld be scor$ by ! adv]s>ies 9 ! deal ) :i* !y g game1 & ! po9ts & honors :i* may be scor$ by ! flag-fly]s 9 ! succe$+ deal :i* !y hope w c>ry !m to _! goal4 ,on ?is basis flag-fly]s e/imate t x makes a diff]5ce ( #fjj po9ts :e!r _! oppon5ts g out on ! curr5t deal or ! flag-fly]s score game on ! next1 & !y claim t any loss "u #fjj is a ga94 ,! e/imate is correct2 ! claim1 ridicul\s4 ,:5ev] ! next deal furni%es ! play] :o (f]s ! gambit suffici5t /r5g? to capture ! rubb]1 he ga9s1 :5 8 loss has be5 "u #fjj1 b at be/ x is n m ?an an ev5 *ance t he w w91 & :5 ! p5dulum sw+s 9 ! adv]se direction1 ! only result ( ! p]=mance ) ! flag is to increase ! size ( ! adv]s>ies' rubb] by ! am\nt ( ! sacrifice4 ,?is cont9u$ indef9itely is b\nd to produce ,auction bankruptcy4 ,! play] :o figures t1 on ! doctr9e ( *ances1 he & 8 p>tn] w hold ! /rong c>ds once 9 e two deals1 %\ld rememb] t ! fickle goddess w\ld nev] h des]v$ nor receiv$ h] well-e>n$ title _h %e be5 ev5 approximately reliable4 ,a run ( bad luck may cont9ue = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,x has pursu$ good play]s n only = a day or a week1 b cont9u\sly = mon?s & ye>s4 ,x does n s\nd w>n+s ann\nc+ its appe>ance or disappe>ance4 ,to attempt to fight x by ! flag-fly+ process z a rule only multiplies ! loss _m fold4 ,& yet1 x mu/ n be und]/ood t ! flag-fly] %\ld always be %unn$ & condemn$4 ,:5 8 loss am\nts to only #ajj or #bjj1 or :51 n detect+ 8 purpose1 ! adv]s>ies fail to d\ble1 & ! loss is1 !re=e1 small]1 ! odds favor 8 exhibition ( n]ve4 ,flag-fly+1 h[ev]1 is l dynamite3 9 ! h&s ( a *ild or ( "o unfamili> ) its *>act]i/ics1 x is a dang]1 ! ext5t ( :i* none c =etell2 b us$ ) skill1 x becomes a tool ( exceptional value4 ,x is only dur+ ! rubb] game t ev5 ! mo/ en?usia/ic & exp]t fly] ( ! flag %\ld all[ x to wave4 ,) a game out1 to make ! play successful ,dame ,=tune mu/ be/[ h] favors twice 9 succession4 ,be=e tak+ su* a long *ance1 a play] %\ld realize t !re are future rubb]s :i* he has an ev5 *ance ( w9n+1 & t x is bett] to m9imize ! pres5t loss ?an to all[ x to become s great t1 ev5 if good =tune foll[1 x w be impossible to rec\p4 ,on ! fir/ game ( ! rubb]1 or ) a game 91 & ! adv]s>ies /ill )\t a game1 x is pla9ly too e>ly & ! situation is n suffici5tly desp]ate to resort to any real flag-fly+4 ,except :5 play+ ! rubb] game1 a volunt>y loss ( ov] #ajj %\ld nev] be consid]$4 ,,vii ,,d\bl+ ,all d\bles1 except ! d\ble ( "o ,spade by ! ,second ,h&1 :i* is really an in=matory bid1#bj are made = ! purpose ( increas+ ! score ( ! d\bl]4 #bj ,see pages #fe1 #ff4 ,! old idea ( in=matory d\bles has be5 ab&on$4 ,n[ :5 a play] d\bles1 he does n invite a ,no-trump by %[+ "o or m tricks 9 ! adv]s>y's suit1 b he practically says1 ,p>tn]1 ,i am satisfi$ t we c defeat ?is decl>ation1 & ,i desire to receive a bonus ( #ajj in/ead ( #ej = ea* trick t our adv]s>ies fall %ort ( _! contract4 ,i d n wi% y to ov]bid1 unless y\r h& be ( su* a peculi> "* t y h reason to believe ! d\ble w n be v pr(itable & feel sure t we c g game ) y\r decl>ation4 ,al?\gh d\bles are made "u widely div]g5t conditions1 !y may be subdivid$ into two classes3-- #a4 ,! d\ble ( a decl>ation :i*1 if successful1 w result 9 game1 reg>dless ( ! d\ble1 su* z f\r ,he>ts1 ) a love score4 #b4 ,! d\ble :i*1 if unsuccessful1 puts ! ,decl>] out1 al?\gh if und\bl$1 he w\ld n secure ! game by fulfill+ 8 contract1 su* z two or ?ree ,he>ts1 ) a love score4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! d\bl] has no?+ to lose except ! diff]5ce 9 po9ts :i* ! ,decl>] may make z a result ( ! d\ble4 ,:51 = example1 a bid ( f\r ,he>ts is d\bl$ & ! ,decl>] fulfils 8 contract1 ! d\ble co/s exactly #hb po9ts4 ,if ! ,decl>] fall "o trick %ort1 ! d\ble ga9s #ej po9ts4 ,:51 h[ev]1 !re is a r$\ble1 ! loss is increas$ #aad po9ts1 ! ga9 #ajj po9ts4 ,! d\bl] is1 !re=e1 bett+ ! ,decl>] #hb to #ej t he w n make 8 contract1 & giv+ ! ,decl>] ! option ( increas+ ! bet1 s t ! odds become #aif to #aej4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ev5 :5 ! ,decl>] w g out 9 any ev5t1 x is n a p>ticul>ly advantage\s proposition = ! d\bl] to give odds ( #h to #e or #bj to #ae1 if ! *ances be ev54 ,:5 ! decl>ation is ,royals or ,no-trumps1 ! odds aga9/ ! d\ble are increas$4 ,if f\r ,no-trumps be d\bl$1 ! figures are #ij to #ej ) ! option giv5 to ! ,decl>] to increase !m to #bbj to #aej4 ,! explanatory rem>k s (t5 he>d aft] an unsuccessful d\ble1 ,x c\ld n co/ any?+1 z !y 7 out anyh[1 is n an absolutely accurate /atem5t4 ,x may be wor? :ile to consid] "o ord9>y illu/ration ( h[ _m po9ts may be lo/ by a fooli% d\ble ( ?is "*4 ,a bid ( f\r ,he>ts is d\bl$ & r$\bl$4 ,! ,decl>] takes elev5 tricks1 z he is able to ruff "o or two high c>ds :i* ! d\bl] hop$ w\ld prove w9n]s4 ,?is is an e-day case1 b ! figures are r>ely br\ght home4 ,)\t a d\ble1 ! ,decl>] w\ld h scor$ #dj po9ts2 ) ! r$\ble1 he scores #afj po9ts & #bjj bonus1 or #cfj1 pres5t$ by an adv]s>y1 :o hop$ at mo/ to ga9 #ej & ?\ght 8 ef=t c\ld n co/ any?+4 ,a d\btful d\ble %\ld n be made :5 ! p>tn] has ano!r bid1 z1 = example1 :5 ! adv]s>y to ! "r has call$ f\r ,he>ts1 ov] ?ree ,royals decl>$ by ! p>tn]4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ! d\ble1 on ! !ory t ! d\bl] expects to secure a l>ge bonus1 may prop]ly det] ! p>tn] f a successful f\r ,royals decl>ation4 ,ev5 :5 ! d\ble is successful to ! ext5t ( #ajj1 t is n a suffici5t comp5sation = los+ ! opportunity to w9 ! game4 ,! fact t a good play] has decl>$ an unusually l>ge numb] ( tricks1 z1 = example1 five ,he>ts1 is n 9 itself a reason = d\bl+4 ,a play] ( exp]i5ce1 :5 he makes su* a decl>ation1 fully realizes ! difficulty ( ! und]tak+4 ,he does n take ! *ance )\t giv+ x m consid]ation ?an he w\ld a small] bid1 & x is only fair to assume t he has a reasonable expectation ( success4 ,d\bl+1 !re=e1 m]ely because ! bid requires t5 or ev5 elev5 tricks1 is folly1 pure & simple4 ,?is comm5t1 h[ev]1 does n apply :5 ! bid is ( ! flag-fly+ "*4#ba ,z to :e!r or n x comes )9 t category ! d\bl] w h to det]m9e4 ,! ,auction exp]t is always on ! look\t = an opportunity to ga!r a l>ge bonus at ! exp5se ( a flag-fly]1 & z unduly sangu9e play]s indulge 9 t practice m ?an o!rs1 _! decl>ations %\ld be subject$ to ! mo/ rigid scrut9y4 #ba ,see pages #aci-adb inc4 ,! d\btful d\ble1 :i*1 %\ld x prove unsuccessful1 w result 9 ! ,decl>] scor+ a game he w\ld n o!rwise obta91 is1 z a rule1 inexcusable4 ,by ?is is n meant t a bid ( two or ?ree ,he>ts or ,royals1 or ( ?ree or f\r ,clubs or ,diamonds1 %\ld nev] be d\bl$4 ,t w\ld be absurd doctr9e1 b su* a d\ble %\ld nev] be made ) ! *ances ev51 or ne>ly ev54 ,an exp]i5c$ bidd] w n risk pres5t+ ! adv]s>ies ) ! game & a bonus unless reasonably sure ( defeat+ ! decl>ation4 ,ano!r absurd notion is d\bl+ because ( ! p>tn]'s g5]al /r5g?4 ,! p>tn] has an equal opportunity to d\ble1 & is mu* bett] po/$ 9 relation to 8 own c>ds4 ,if ! /r5g? be 81 he %\ld decide :e!r or n to take ! *ance4 ,:51 h[ev]1 "o p>tn] has "s /r5g? 9 ! suit ! adv]s>ies h decl>$1 & ! o!r1 high side c>ds1 ! d\ble is m apt to confuse ! ,decl>] if made by ! play] )\t ! ,trump /r5g?4 ,! above ref]s to d\btful d\bles only2 :5 ! indications are t ! ,decl>] c be decisively defeat$1 ! d\ble is mo/ important4 ,x is wor? #ajj if ! ,decl>] g d[n two2 #aej1 if he lose ?ree1 etc4 ,^! additional po9ts %\ld n be all[$ to escape4 ,ev5 ! mo/ v5turesome d\bl]s realize t1 except 9 ! unusual case1 x is unwise to d\ble a bid ( "o1 :e!r x be 9 a suit or ,no-trump4 ,"s play]s hesitate ab\t d\bl+ a bid ( two1 pref]r+ to take ! *ance ( =c+ ! bidd] high]4 ,no g5]al rule cov]+ ! situation c be laid d[n1 z x dep5ds greatly ^u ! "* ( ! d\bl]'s h& :e!r ! adv]s>y is apt to advance 8 bid4 ,a d\ble ( a ,no-trump is mu* saf] ?an ( a suit decl>ation4 ,! d\bl] ( ! ,no-trump kn[s approximately :at to expect f 8 long suit1 :at suits he has /opp$1 & if "o be ungu>d$1 c e/imate h[ _m tricks x may be possible = ! decl>] to run4 ,! d\bl] ( a suit decl>ation _c figure ) any su* accuracy4 ,he r>ely has m ?an two w9n+ ,trumps1 & !re=e1 z a rule1 mu/ dep5d ^u side ,aces & ,k+s = ! balance ( 8 tricks4 ,x is always possible t ! ,decl>] or 8 p>tn] may be absolutely void ( ! suit or suits 9 :i* ! d\bl] expects to w9 8 tricks1 s t sometimes a h& ) :i* ! mo/ cons]vative play] w\ld d\ble1 goes to pieces be=e a cross-ruff4 ,:5 "o h& is ev5ly divid$1 ! *ances are t ! o!rs are ( ! same "*1 b x is n a c]ta9ty t !y are4 ,:5 "o h& has a v long suit1 & is ei!r blank 9 "s o!r suit1 or has b a s+leton ( x1 ! o!r h&s are apt to conta9 v long & v %ort suits4 ,!re=e1 if ! d\bl] be )\t1 or h b a s+leton (1 a suit1 he %\ld be m cons]vative1 9 d\bl+ a suit decl>ation ^u ! expectation ( mak+ high side c>ds1 ?an :5 he has an ev5ly divid$ h&4 ,probably ! mo/ advantage\s situation = a d\ble is :5 ! p>tn] has decl>$ ,no-trump1 & ! adv]s>y to ! "r1 two ( a suit1 ( :i* ! d\bl]1 9 addition to o!r /r5g?1 holds f\r c>ds1 at lea/ two ( :i* are sure to take tricks4 ,?is comes ne>] be+ an in=matory d\ble ?an any o!r 9 vogue 9 ! game ( to-day4 ,! p>tn]1 h[ev]1 %\ld n take x out unless 8 ,no-trump consi/ ( "s su* hold+ z a solid suit & an ,ace4 ,a h& ( ?is "* may n prove =midable aga9/ a suit decl>ation1 & x ju/ifies ! orig9al ,decl>]1 z he kn[s t ! adv]se suit is well /opp$1 9 bidd+ two ,no-trumps4 ,x is "o ( ! few cases :]e x is n advisable to all[ ! d\ble ( a p>tn] to /&4 ,x is g5]ally conc$$ t ! d\ble1 al?\gh a mo/ p[]ful factor 9 ! game1 & ! elem5t :i* is productive ( l>ge rubb]s1 is us$ excessively1 especially by inexp]i5c$ & ra% play]s4 ,if a record c\ld be produc$ ( all ! po9ts won & lo/ by d\bl+1 !re is little d\bt t ! lo/ column w\ld lead by a ratio ( at lea/ two to "o4 ,! d\ble 9 ! h&s ( a discreet play] ( s\nd judgm5t is1 inde$1 a p[]ful weapon greatly fe>$ by ! adv]s>ies2 :5 us$ by ! unskill$1 x becomes a boom]ang ( ! mo/ dang]\s type4 ,a play] _c af=d to h ! reputation ( nev] d\bl+1 z t p]mits 8 adv]s>ies to take undue lib]ties 9 bidd+1 b x is bett] to be ultra-cons]vative ?an a fooli% d\bl] :o cont9ually pres5ts 8 oppon5ts ) games ( enorm\s proportions4 ,a play] %\ld n d\ble unless able to c\nt ) reasonable exactness 9 8 own h& & ann\nc$ by 8 p>tn] a suffici5t numb] ( tricks to defeat ! ,decl>]4 ,x is n ! place to take a *ance or to rely ^u a p>tn]1 :o has n %[n /r5g?1 = an av]age hold+4 ,x mu/ also be rememb]$ z an argum5t aga9/ a d\btful d\ble t ! ,decl>] is m apt to make 8 decl>ation :5 d\bl$1 z he is !n giv5 m or less accurate in=mation reg>d+ ! position ( ! adv]se /r5g?1 & c f9esse accord+ly4 ,a d\ble frequ5tly co/s "o trick--sometimes ev5 m4 ,,! ,,*oice ,,betwe5 ,a ,,game ,,& ,a ,,d\ble ,a mo/ int]e/+ "q arises :5 a play] is plac$ 9 ! gratify+ position ( hav+ ! opportunity ( elect+ :e!r to g game or secure a bonus by d\bl+4 ,:i* c\rse he %\ld take dep5ds entirely ^u ! /ate ( ! rubb]1 & ! size ( ! bonus t ! d\ble w probably produce4 ,a game is always to be pref]r$ to a d\ble :i* is n apt to net m ?an #ajj4 ,:5 #bjj is sure & a great] bonus probable1 ! d\ble %\ld be made dur+ ei!r ! fir/ or second game ( ! rubb]4 ,dur+ ! rubb] game1 h[ev]1 ! d\bl] %\ld be m cons]vative1 & %\ld take 9 8 rubb] unless satisfi$ t ! d\ble w produce #cjj1 ) a pot5tial possibility ( m4 ,! reason1 :i* may n at fir/ be app>5t1 = ?is diff]5ce 9 ! situation1 may be briefly expla9$ z foll[s3 ,be=e a game has be5 won1 ! secur+ ( a l>ge bonus 9 ! honor column places ! =tunate d\bl] 9 a mo/ advantage\s position1 z he />ts ! rubb] insur$ aga9/ loss unless he suff] a simil> p5alty4 ,:5 ! only game f9i%$ has be5 won by ! adv]s>ies1 a l>ge bonus %\ld be pref]r$ to game4 ,z ! adv]s>ies already h a game1 ! next h& may give !m ! rubb]1 & %\ld x d s1 its am\nt w be mo/ mat]ially affect$ by ! action ( ! play] :o has ! *ance ei!r to score a bonus or w9 a game4 ,if ! fir/ game be ( normal size1 a l>ge bonus w nullify ! result ( ! rubb]1 b if in/ead a game be tak5 9 ! adv]s>ies w score an av]age rubb]4 ,:5 ! play] consid]+ a d\ble has a game & ! adv]s>ies h n1 he is 9 a mo/ excell5t position to d\ble ) ! hope ( a big w9n+4 ,to secure ! enl>g$ rubb]1 x is only necess>y = him to obta9 "o game be=e ! adv]s>ies get two1 & z ! odds are greatly 9 8 favor x is a *ance wor? tak+4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ea* side has a game & ! "q is :e!r to obta9 a bonus or score rubb]1 ! bonus mu/ be l>ge & sure to ju/ify giv+ up a rubb] practically won = m]ely an equal *ance ( captur+ a l>g] "o4 ,x has be5 else:]e /at$ t :5 a play] :o has an opportunity to w9 a rubb] fails to avail himself ( x1 & on ! next h& ! adv]s>ies rea* ! goal1 ! loss may be r\ghly e/imat$ at #fjj po9ts4 ,! play] :o d\bles dur+ ! ?ird game kn[s t ! next h& may see ! adv]s>ies score ! rubb]4 ,ev5 if he obta9 #djj po9ts by d\bl+1 & ?is happ5s1 ! adv]s>ies ga9 to ! ext5t ( approximately #bjj po9ts by 8 action4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he has an equal *ance = ! game1 & if he w9 x1 he w be ! ga9] by ! am\nt secur$ by ! d\ble4 ,:5 he has a sure #djj 9 sight1 or ev5 a sure #cjj1 ) a reasonable *ance ( m1 ! odds favor ! d\ble1 b x is ! height ( folly to take an ev5 *ance ( los+ #fjj unless #cjj be ! m9imum return4 ,advice z to :e!r to d\ble or g game is useful only = play]s :o c ) accuracy e/imate ! trick-tak+ value ( _! h&s4 ,to refuse a d\ble :i* w\ld net sev]al hundr$ = ! sake ( go+ game & !n fall a trick %ort ( bo? ! game & ! decl>ation is mo/ exasp]at+1 :ile on ! o!r h& to d\ble = a big score1 in/ead ( tak+ 9 a sure game1 only to h ! d\ble fail1 is equally he>t-break+4 ,! play] :o takes ei!r horn ( ?is dilemma mu/ be sure ( 8 gr\nd & mu/ figure ! *ances ) ! greate/ c>e4 ,,:5 ,,to ,,r$\ble ,! "q ( :5 to r$\ble is s intricate t x is h>d to consid]1 except :5 ! specific case arises4 ,"s play]s frequ5tly r$\ble1 z a k9d ( bluff1 :5 conv9c$ _! decl>ation w fail1 ! int5t be+ to fright5 ei!r ! d\bl] or 8 p>tn] into ano!r decl>ation4 ,aga9/ a v timid play]1 ?is is sometimes successful1 b unless x cat* its victim1 x is exp5sive bait4 ,n9e out ( t5 r$\bles1 h[ev]1 are bona fide1 & made because ! fulfilm5t ( ! contract seems assur$4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 a play] %\ld n r$\ble unless practically positive t nei!r ( 8 adv]s>ies c get out ( ! r$\ble by mak+ a high] bid4 ,! play] :o has be5 d\bl$ & is sure ( 8 contract is 9 a mo/ enviable position2 game & a h&some bonus bo? are 81 & x w\ld be mo/ fooli% = him to risk s mu* m]ely = ! *ance ( ! extra score4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re be no escape = ! d\bl]1 ! r$\ble is mo/ valuable1 & a real opportunity = x %\ld nev] be ov]look$4 ,,:at ,,to ,,d ,,:5 ,,! ,,p>tn] ,,is ,,d\bl$ ,! play] :o1 :5ev] 8 p>tn]'s decl>ation is d\bl$1 becomes fright5$1 concludes t ! wor/ is sure to happ51 & t x is 8 duty to come to ! rescue by jump+ headlong into "s o!r decl>ation1 ev5 if x require an increas$ numb] ( tricks1 is a mo/ dang]\s vis-a-vis4 ,a d\ble does n ju/ify ! assumption t ! ,decl>] is beat51 especially :5 ! p>tn] has any unann\nc$ help4 ,if ! p>tn] be weak1 x is folly = him to g f bad to worse2 if /rong1 he may enable ! ,decl>] to make a l>ge score4 ,9 any ev5t1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 /&+ pat is 8 be/ policy4 ,,viii ,,lead+ ,! selection ( ! correct lead 9 ,auction is n att5d$ ) s _m difficulties z 9 ,:i/1 or ev5 9 ,bridge4 ,9 ,:i/1 ! orig9al lead] is oblig$ to beg9 ! play 9 ! d>k1 ! turn-up con/itut+ 8 entire k ( ! /r5g? or weakness ( ! o!r play]s4 ,9 ,bridge1 ! ext5t ( 8 in=mation is limit$ to ! inf]5ces t c be drawn f ! decl>ation & ! d\ble1 b 9 ,auction e play] has made at lea/ "o ann\ncem5t :i* is m or less in/ructive4 ,:5 !re has be5 consid]able bidd+ x is frequ5tly possible to accurately e/imate ! l5g? & /r5g? ( ! suit ( ea* play] & ! trick-tak+ value ( ! balance ( 8 h&4 ,:5 only "o or two decl>ations h be5 made1 s mu* in=mation may n be obta9able1 b ev5 !n ! lead]1 f ! failure ( c]ta9 play]s to bid1 may be able to make d$uctions ( consid]able value4 ,! ,auction lead]1 !re=e1 mu/ rememb] ! v>i\s decl>ations1 draw bo? positive & negative inf]5ces !refrom1 & :5ev] x is n advisable to op5 8 p>tn]'s suit or 8 own1 %\ld foll[ ! old pr9ciple :i*1 s9ce ! days ( ,pole1 has be5 applicable to all games ( ! ,:i/ family1 & realize ',tis seldom wrong to lead up to ! weak & ?r\gh ! /rong4 ,! orig9al op5+ is mat]ially v>i$ by ! "* ( ! f9al decl>ation1 ! sy/em ( lead+ aga9/ a ,no-trump be+ q diff]5t f t employ$ :5 a suit is ,trump4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,lead ,,aga9/ ,a ,,no-,,trump ,:5 ! p>tn] has n %[n /r5g?1 ! lead]1 aga9/ a ,no-trump1 %\ld op5 8 own long suit4 ,if he h two long suits1 he %\ld pick ! /rong] except :5 he has decl>$ x1 & has n receiv$ support f 8 p>tn]1 9 :i* case x is g5]ally wise to try ! o!r4 ,! possible exception to ! lead ( a long suit aga9/ a ,no-trump is :5 t suit has be5 decl>$1 has n be5 help$ by ! p>tn]1 & ! ,no-trump has be5 subsequ5tly bid to ! "r4 ,9 ?is situation1 ) a t5ace 9 ! long suit1 x is sometimes advisable to try1 by lead+ ano!r suit1 to get ! p>tn] 91 s t he may lead ?r\gh ! ,decl>]'s /r5g? 9 ! suit call$ by ! lead]4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a dang]\s exp$i5t :5 ! p>tn] has n decl>$4 ,%\ld a suit be guess$ :i* ! p>tn] _c w91 "o ( 8 high c>ds is apt to be sacrific$1 & n only no?+ ga9$1 b ! advantage ( ! lead transf]r$ to ! adv]s>y4 ,if two high c>ds be miss+ f ! t5ace suit1 z 9 ! case :5 x is head$ by ,ace1 ,que51 ,t51 or ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 & ! ,decl>] hold ! miss+ honors & "o small c>d1 x w take two leads to e/abli% ! suit4 ,x is n likely t a p>tn] )\t suffici5t /r5g? to decl>e w be able to get 9 twice1 & try+ to put him 9 once is mo/ apt to e/abli% a suit = ! ,decl>]4 ,!re=e1 z a g5]al proposition1 unless ! p>tn] h decl>$1 ! t5ace suit %\ld be l$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! p>tn] has %[n a suit1 op5+ x1 9 pref]5ce to a t5ace1 is elem5t>y & compulsory4 ,:5 ! p>tn] has decl>$1 ! lead] %\ld op5 ! suit nam$ unless satisfi$ t 8 own af=ds a m pot5t weapon = ! attack4 ,!re are only ?ree conditions :i* ju/ify ! lead] 9 assum+ ?is1 viz43-- 7a7 ,:5 ! lead] has call$ 8 suit & 8 p>tn] has advanc$ ! decl>ation4 7b7 ,:5 ! lead]'s suit is head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 or ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave4 7c7 ,:5 ! lead] has only a s+leton ( 8 p>tn]'s suit & has sev]al re5tries4 ,innum]able tricks1 games1 & rubb]s h be5 ?r[n away by a lead] :o1 consid]+ solely 8 own h&1 has />t$ ) 8 suit 9 pref]5ce to t ( 8 p>tn]4 ,!re is "s peculi> *>act]i/ic 9 ! composition ( _m play]s :i* magnifies ! value ( _! own c>ds1 s t !y seem ( great] importance & m desirable to e/abli% ?an _! p>tn]s'4 ,ev5 exp]i5c$ play]s h be5 kn[n to commit su* an ,auction absurdity z op5+ a suit head$ by a ,knave1 9 pref]5ce to ! suit nam$ by ! p>tn]1 :i*1 ( necessity1 conta9s ! /r5g? requisite = a ,trump decl>ation4 ,x is fair to e/imate t t5 tricks are lo/ by d5y+ ! p>tn]'s decl>ation to "o t escapes ! play] :o leads 8 p>tn]'s suit 9 pref]5ce to 8 own4 ,:5 ! p>tn] has decl>$1 8 suit c be c\nt$ ^u = bo? l5g? & /r5g?1 & unless x be practically solid1 8 h& conta9s at lea/ "o re5try4 ,! lead] by 8 op5+ c attack only "o-qu>t] ( ! ,no-trump =tification1 & x is 8 duty to pick out ! spot :i* promises to be mo/ vuln]able4 ,a ,no-trump call is v likely to spell game unless a suit c be e/abli%$ aga9/ x4 ,9 ord] to accompli% ?is x is g5]ally necess>y to />t ) ! fir/ c>d l$4 ,!re=e1 mak+ ! "r orig9al op5+ is probably ! only opportunity to save ! game4 ,:5 ! lead] selects 8 own suit 9 pref]5ce to 8 p>tn]'s1 he %\ld be able to say1 ,9 spite ( ! /r5g? y h decl>$1 ,i am reasonably sure t we h a bett] *ance to e/abli% ?is suit ?an y\rs4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! lead] does n h suffici5t /r5g? to support su* a /atem5t1 &1 !re=e1 8 lead g5]ally says1 ,p>tn]1 ,i "k y h consid]able /r5g?1 y may h decl>$ expressly = ! purpose ( ask+ me to lead y\r suit1 b ,i selfi%ly pref] to play my own h& r ?an act = ! b5efit ( ! p>tn]%ip4 ,x is b a pu]ile excuse = a lead] :o does n op5 8 p>tn]'s suit to expla9 t ! ,no-trump 0 call$ by ! "r-h& adv]s>y aft] ! p>tn]'s decl>ation1 & t ! bid1 hav+ be5 made ) ! anticipation t ! suit nam$ w\ld be l$1 he %\ld surprise ! ,decl>]4 ,x is true t ! ,decl>] expects t suit1 b x may be ! only op5+ he fe>s4 ,x is m ?an possible t ! suit is /opp$ b once1 & t lead+ x w save ! game1 ev5 if x d n defeat ! decl>ation4 ,x is c]ta9ly a v %ort-sight$ or unduly sangu9e play] :o selects a suit ( 8 own1 :i* has n ne>ly ! /r5g? ( 8 p>tn]'s1 m]ely on ! wild *ance t 8 p>tn]1 r ?an ! ,no-trump bidd]1 has ! miss+ high c>ds4 ,:5 ! p>tn] has decl>$ two suits & ! lead] has l5g? or /r5g? 9 "o ( !m1 he %\ld op5 x1 b :5 he _c assi/ ei!r1 he %\ld op5 ! suit nam$ fir/1 z x is probably ! /rong]4 ,z w be se5 f ! tables ( leads aga9/ a ,no-trump decl>ation1 9 "s cases :e!r ! lead] has a re5try mat]ially affects ! mann] 9 :i* he %\ld op5 8 long suit4 ,by a re5try 9 ?is connection is meant ei!r an ,ace or ,k+1 unless ! suit conta9+ ! ,k+ h be5 bid by ! adv]s>y to ! left ( ! lead]4 ,9 t case ! ,k+ _c be expect$ to w9 unless accompani$ by ! ,que54 ,a ,que51 or ev5 ,que51 ,knave1 _c be consid]$ a re5try1 z ! suit may n be l$ ?ree times4 ,! reason = v>y+ ! lead1 dep5d+ ^u ! pres5ce ( a re5try1 is t ! sole ?\ght ( ! lead] aga9/ a ,no-trump is to e/abli% ! suit l$1 & to insure s do+ he op5s 8 suit exclusively ) t end 9 view1 reg>dless ( :e!r x w\ld o!rwise be ! op5+ mo/ apt to prove trick-w9n+4 ,he kn[s t ! ,decl>] w1 if possible1 hold up a w9n+ c>d until ! ,?ird ,h& is unable to return ! suit4 ,!re=e1 if he be )\t a re5try1 he mu/ d all 9 8 p[] to =ce ! w9n+ c>d f ! adv]s>y's h& z e>ly 9 ! play z possible4 ,if he h a re5try1 he may play mu* m fe>lessly4 ,an example ( ?is is a long suit1 head$ by ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave4 ,! mo/ advantage\s lead f ?is comb9ation is ! ,ace 7z an adv]s>y may hold an ungu>d$ ,k+71 & t w\ld be ! lead ) a re5try2 b ! *ances are t ! p>tn] does n hold m ?an ?ree c>ds ( ! suit1 &1 if x be op5$ 9 ! usual way1 ! ,k+ w be held up until ! ?ird r\nd4 ,! lead] )\t a re5try1 !re=e1 is compell$ to op5 ) ! ,que51 s z to e/abli% ! suit1 :ile ! p>tn]1 :o probably has a re5try1 /ill reta9s a c>d ( x4 ,ano!r important conv5tion :i* applies to ! op5+ ( ! lead]'s suit aga9/ a ,no-trump decl>ation 7b1 ( c\rse1 aga9/ a ,no-trump decl>ation only7 is t ! orig9al lead ( an ,ace calls = ! p>tn]'s highe/ c>d4 ,an ,ace1 !re=e1 %\ld be l$ f su* a comb9ation z a suit head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 s9ce ! drop ( ! ,que5 w p]mit ! suit to be run )\t hesitation1 & ! failure ( ! p>tn] to play ! ,que5 w p]mit ! lead] to place its position positively1 & to cont9ue ! suit or n1 z 8 judgm5t & ! balance ( 8 h& dictate4 ,?is doctr9e is ext5d$ to all cases ( ! orig9al lead ( an ,ace aga9/ a ,no-trump decl>ation4 ,! ,ace %\ld n be l$ unless ! p>tn]'s be/ c>d1 reg>dless ( its size1 be desir$1 & ! p>tn] %\ld play x unhesitat+ly1 be x ,k+1 ,que51 or ,knave1 unless ! ,dummy conv9ce him t meet+ ! dem& ( ! lead w be trick-sacrific+1 9 :i* case ! lead]'s comm& %\ld be ignor$4 ,9 lead+ a p>tn]'s suit1 ! g5]al rule ( select+ ! f\r? be/1 :5 op5+ ) a small c>d1 is n foll[$4 ,! object 9 lead+ t suit is to /r5g!n ! p>tn]1 & x is m important to d t & also to tell him :at is ! lead]'s highe/ c>d ?an to po/ him reg>d+ exact l5g?4 ,hold+ ei!r two1 ?ree1 or f\r ( a p>tn]'s suit1 ! top1 !re=e1 %\ld be l$1 foll[$ on ea* succe$+ trick by ! next 9 ord]1 ! l[e/ be+ reta9$ until ! la/4 ,?is is sometimes call$ ! d[n & out4 ,! "o exception to ! lead ( ! top ( ! p>tn]'s suit is :5 x consi/s ( ?ree or m head$ by ,ace or ,k+1 & ! "r-h& adv]s>y has call$ ,no-trump aft] ! suit has be5 decl>$4 ,9 t case1 x may be t ! /opp] :i* ! ,decl>] ?9ks he has 9 ! suit c be captur$1 & ! lead1 !re=e1 %\ld be a l[ c>d4 ,,numb]-,,%[+ ,,leads ,! lead 9 ,auction is mat]ially simplifi$ by ! fact t numb]-%[+ is n ne>ly s important z 9 ,:i/1 & really only becomes ( value :5 op5+ a small c>d aga9/ a ,no-trump decl>ation4 ,9 t case ! l[e/ %\ld always be l$ ) f\r 9 ! suit1 because ! p>tn]1 hav+ ! ,dummy spread be=e him1 be+ able to c\nt 8 own h&1 & be+ in=m$ by ! lead reg>d+ ! lead]'s l5g? 9 ! suit1 c g5]ally tell ! exact numb] held by ! ,decl>]1 & c1 !re=e1 accurately det]m9e :e!r x is bett] to cont9ue t suit or try "s o!r4 ,x happ5s m frequ5tly ?an w\ld be suppos$ t :5 a f\r-c>d suit is op5$ ) a small c>d1 ! ,dummy & ,?ird ,h& h only f\r c>ds ( x betwe5 !m4 ,! ,?ird ,h& c !n1 if ! lead] h %[n exactly f\r1 m>k x z ! long suit ( ! ,decl>]1 & make an advantage\s %ift4 ,?is is ! only me?od ( giv+ ?is w>n+4 ,if ! f\r?-be/ lead be n adopt$1 ! suit mu/1 9 mo/ cases1 necess>ily be cont9u$ to ! great b5efit ( ! ,decl>]4 ,numb]-%[+ by ! lead ( a small c>d 7"o ( ! rudim5ts ( ,:i/7 is d\btless ?or\ghly und]/ood by mo/ ,auction play]s2 x consi/s 9 lead+ ! f\r? be/1 :5 ! suit is n ( su* a "* z to dem& a high c>d or int]m$iate sequ5ce op5+4 ,?is in=ms ! p>tn] t ! lead] has exactly ?ree c>ds 9 t suit high] ?an ! c>d l$1 & t he may or may n h any small] c>d4 ,= example3 ! lead] has ,que51 #g1 #f1 & #d2 ! ,dummy1 a s+leton 7! #c72 & ! ,?ird ,h&1 :o w9s ! trick ) ! ,ace1 only two o!rs 7! #h & #b74 ,! ,?ird ,h& c place ! ,decl>] ) five1 z ! lead]1 hav+ op5$ 8 l[e/1 c h _h only f\r orig9ally4 ,numb]-%[+ leads 9 high c>ds1 s advantage\s 9 ,:i/1 are absolutely unimportant 9 ,auction1 & only complicate ! situation4 ,!y are n giv5 9 ! table ( leads app5d$ at ! end ( ?is *apt]1 nor is _! use p]missible1 ev5 by ! ,:i/-play] ( ! old s*ool :o is ?or\ghly famili> ) _! mean+4 ,he mu/ realize t ,auction is n a numb]-%[+ game1 & mu/ be cont5t to limit 8 skill 9 t respect to ! f\r? be/1 :i* is advisable :5 x is n high] ?an ! #g4 ,! limitation ( ! f\r?-be/ lead to a #g or l[] c>d is a useful mod]n innovation4 ,:5 ! #h or a high] f\r? be/ is l$ aga9/ a ,no-trump1 ! ,decl>]1 ) 8 tw5ty-six c>ds at 8 comm&1 & ) great /r5g? 9 8 own h&1 is apt to receive in=mation z to ! exact high c>ds held by ! lead] :i* w prove ( great] value to him ?an to ! p>tn]4 ,fur!rmore1 ! lead ( an #h or #i z a f\r? be/ is b\nd at times to conflict ) ! valuable lead kn[n z ! top ( an int]m$iate sequ5ce4 ,! hold+s f :i* ! top ( an int]m$iate sequ5ce %\ld be l$ are %[n 9 ! tables1 & :ile "s ( ! leads 9 su* cases1 :i* are absolutely conv5tional 9 ,auction1 may %ock ! ,:i/-play]1 !y h1 nev]!less1 be5 f\nd to be advisable 9 ! pres5t game4 ,trick-w9n+ is f> m important ?an giv+ num]ical in=mation1 & ! top ( an int]m$iate sequ5ce (t5 succe$s 9 captur+ a valuable c>d 9 ! ,dummy1 does n give too mu* in=mation to ! ,decl>]1 helps to e/abli% ! suit1 & seldom int]f]es ) ! play ( ! p>tn]4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 by ^? :o cont5d t ! f\r?-be/ lead aga9/ a ,no-trump gives ! ,decl>] too mu* in=mation1 &1 !re=e1 %\ld nev] be employ$4 ,! writ]s1 h[ev]1 d n consid] t practically ! only cases 9 :i* ! lead is objectionable = ! reason cit$ is :5 x is an #h or high] c>d1 :ile ! great advantage ( ! lead is ! w>n+ above m5tion$4 ,!re are also in/ances 9 :i* ! ,?ird ,h& is at "s "t 9 ! play 9 d\bt :e!r to return ! orig9al lead or try 8 own suit4 ,! k ( :e!r 8 p>tn] holds ?ree or m ( ! suit fir/ l$ may 9 su* case be ( ! greate/ value4 ,! idea ( lead+ ! f\r? be/ only :5 x is a #g or small] c>d elim9ates ! objection1 yet 9 practically e case af=ds ! advantage4 ,a play] :o adopts ?is sy/em may at times1 z1 = example1 ) su* a hold+ z ,ace1 ,que51 #aj1 #h1 #b1 be oblig$ to op5 ! #h1 b inasmu* z he w\ld lead ! same c>d f ,ace1 ,que51 #h1 #g1 #b1 ! ,decl>] _c bank ^u ! #h ( su* a lead] %[+ ?ree high] c>ds ( ! suit 9 8 h&1 &1 !re=e1 no h>m is done4 ,if ! lead] h any su* f\r-c>d comb9ation z ,ace1 or any "o face c>d1 accompani$ by #i1 #h1 #b1 or #h1 #g1 #b1 %[+ t ! lead is f f\r only is m important ?an op5+ ! top ( a two-c>d int]m$iate sequ5ce4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! int]m$iate is head$ by a ,knave or #aj1 ! op5+ ( ! top ( x becomes advisable reg>dless ( ! l5g? ( ! suit4 ,( c\rse1 ! #b1 9 ! examples j giv51 is us$ to repres5t any small c>d1 & ! f\r? be/ %\ld be l$ if x be a #c1 #d1 or #e4 ,,! ,,lead ,,aga9/ ,a ,,suit ,,decl>ation ,aga9/ a suit decl>ation1 ! orig9al lead ( ! longe/ suit is n 9 ! lea/ imp]ative4 ,/r5g? is f> m important ?an l5g?4 ,z ! tables %[1 _m high-c>d comb9ations are op5$ v diff]5tly1 ! !ory be+ to w9 ) honors1 n to e/abli% small c>ds4 ,if ! lead] be a ,:i/-play]1 he mu/ rememb] t ,auction is a v diff]5t game4 ,! ,trump has n be5 select$ by *ance1 b has be5 nam$ because ( 8 adv]s>ies' great l5g? & /r5g?4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( an adv]se suit aga9/ a ,trump decl>ation is1 !re=e1 an almo/ unkn[n proce$+4 ,! object ( ! lead] aga9/ a suit decl>ation is to get z _m tricks z possible1 & he %\ld utilize ! two be/ me?ods = s do+3 namely1 w9n+ ) 8 own & 8 p>tn]'s high c>ds1 & ruff+ ) weak ,trumps4 ,he %\ld avoid op5+ a t5ace suit1 reg>dless ( its l5g?4 ,a s+leton1 if he be %ort 9 ,trumps1 is probably 8 be/ lead2 8 second *oice %\ld be high c>ds 9 sequ5ce4 ,:5 8 h& does n conta9 ei!r ( ^! advantage\s op5+s1 he %\ld try 8 p>tn]'s suit4 ,x goes )\t say+ t if ! lead] h bo? ! ,ace & ,k+ ( a suit1 x is always well to lead ! ,k+1 n only = ! purpose ( giv+ in=mation & tak+ a practically assur$ trick1 b also 9 ord] to obta9 a look at ! ,dummy1 :i* w enable him to m advantage\sly size up ! entire situation4 ,:5 8 p>tn] has n %[n /r5g?1 ! lead] ne$ nev] hesitate ab\t />t+ ) a /r5g!n+ c>d ( a %ort suit :i* has n be5 decl>$4 ,he is also ?or\ghly ju/ifi$1 if weak 9 ,trumps1 9 ask+ = a =ce by lead+ ! top ( a two-c>d suit4 ,?is1 :ile n ne>ly s desirable an op5+ z a s+leton1 is bett] ?an lead+ f a t5ace4 ,:5 ! lead] is long 9 ,trumps1 he %\ld op5 8 own or 8 p>tn]'s /r5g?4 ,! lead] %\ld be> 9 m9d z a vital pr9cipal t1 aga9/ a suit decl>ation1 a suit conta9+ an ,ace %\ld nev] be op5$ orig9ally1 unless ! ,ace 7or ,k+1 if t c>d be also held7 be l$4 ,! lead] %\ld obs]ve ?is conv5tion1 reg>dless ( ! l5g? ( ! suit4 ,! k t a lead] c be reli$ ^u n to h ! ,ace unless he lead x w be ( mat]ial assi/ance to 8 p>tn] 9 ! play4 ,x is sometimes v tempt+ to lead l[ ) an ,ace1 hop+ t a ,k+ may be f\nd 9 ! ,second ,h&1 & t ! p>tn]'s ,que5 may capture ! fir/ trick4 ,?is play w occasionally prove successful1 b 9 ! long run1 x is a trick-los]1 !re be+ s _m in/ances ( s+letons1 ev5 ( s+le ,k+s1 & also ( two-c>d suits1 :]e1 unless ! ,ace be l$1 ! ,decl>] w w9 ! fir/ trick & disc>d ! o!r c>d4 ,! lead] mu/ obs]ve ! di/9ction betwe5 op5+ a long & a %ort suit :i* has always be5 9 =ce 9 ,:i/1 ,bridge1 & ,auction--t is1 :5 lead+ a suit head$ by a ,knave or small] c>d1 if long1 op5 f ! bottom2 if %ort1 f ! top4 ,= example1 hold+ ,knave1 #i1 #g1 #b1 ! #b %\ld be l$1 b hold+ ,knave1 #g1 #b1 ! ,knave is ! c>d to op54 ,"o o!r conv5tional lead %\ld be m5tion$1 :i*1 z an orig9al op5+1 is advisable aga9/ a ,trump decl>ation only4 ,x is ! lead ( a two-c>d suit consi/+ ( ,ace1 ,k+4 ,! ,ace fir/1 & !n ,k+1 signifies no m ( ! suit1 & a desire to ruff4 ,( c\rse1 by analogy1 ! lead ( ! ,k+ be=e ! ,ace %[s m ( ! suit4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,lead ,,to ,a ,,d\ble ,! "q ( :at lead %\ld be made :5 ! p>tn] has d\bl$ is comp>atively simple1 al?\gh ! answ] dep5ds mat]ially ^u :e!r ! d\ble has be5 ( a ,no-trump or a suit decl>ation4 ,:5 a ,no-trump has be5 d\bl$1 ! orig9al lead %\ld inv>iably be ! suit ! d\bl] has decl>$4 ,:5 ! d\bl] has n made any decl>ation1 ! suit ! lead] has call$ %\ld be op5$4 ,:5 nei!r ! d\bl] nor ! lead] has decl>$1 a case t r>ely occurs1 ! lead %\ld be ei!r ! be/ ,club or ! highe/ c>d ( ! lead]'s %orte/ suit1 dep5d+ ^u :i* ( ^! two conv5tions ! d\bl] approves4 ,! !ory ( ! advocates ( ! ,club conv5tion is t x is important = ! d\bl] ( a ,no-trump to "k exactly :at suit w be l$1 & t he is m apt to desire ,clubs ?an any o!r1 z ! o!r suits1 be+ ( great] value1 are m likely to be bid4 ,! argum5t ( ! advocates ( ! high c>d ( ! %ort suit conv5tion is t x enables a d\ble to be made ) any long suit4 ,! ,club conv5tion is mu* saf]1 & is us$ by mo/ cons]vative play]s4 ,9 ! ev5t ( !re be+ any d\bt :at ! lead %\ld be1 if ! lead] be =tunate en\gh to hold an ,ace1 x is good policy = him to lead x = ! purpose ( tak+ a look4 ,! cont5ts ( ! ,dummy w probably furni% ! desir$ in=mation4 ,:5 a suit decl>ation has be5 d\bl$1 a s+leton is always an advantage\s op5+4 ,! lead ( a high c>d is also advisable = ! purpose ( tak+ a look4 ,if ! lead] be )\t ei!r a s+leton or high-c>d lead1 8 p>tn]'s suit is unque/ionably 8 wise/ op5+4 ,,! ,,tables ,! tables :i* appe> at ! end ( ?is *apt] %\ld be c>efully exam9$ by all :o are n absolutely lett] p]fect 9 ! conv5tional leads4 ,! pres5t t5d5cy ( play]s tak+ up ,auction is to reg>d ! leads z unimportant1 & ?is (t5 results disa/r\sly4 ,! quondam ,:i/-play] realizes ! necessity ( hav+ e lead at 8 f+]s' ends1 b = ! b5efit ( ^? :o h nev] p>ticipat$ 9 ! old] game1 x may be said t ! conv5tional leads h be5 det]m9$ ^u only aft] ye>s ( exp]im5tation2 z a consequ5ce ( :i* x is kn[n j :i* c>d1 9 ! long run1 w w9 ! mo/ tricks4 ,a lead] :o1 on ! spur ( ! mom5t1 dur+ ! play1 tries some?+ else1 is tak+ a c\rse sure to deceive an intellig5t p>tn]1 & "o :i* w probably r$uce ! numb] ( 8 tricks4 ,! "o comb9ation t seems to tempt "s play]s to disreg>d ! conv5tional1 is ! ,k+1 ,que51 ,t51 aga9/ a ,no-trump4 ,) ?is hold+ ! ,k+ is manife/ly mo/ advantage\s1 z if ! ,decl>] hold ,ace1 ,knave1 x w ei!r =ce ! ,ace & hold ! t5ace ov] ! ,knave or w9 ! trick4 ,)\t ! ,t51 a small c>d %\ld be l$1 b _m play]s fail to recognize ! important di/9ction4 ,e "o attempt+ to play ! game %\ld le>n ! conv5tional leads1 & hav+ once ma/]$ ?is comp>atively easy lesson1 %\ld nev] all[ a *ildi% impulse1 su* z hav+ a hun*1 to induce an exp]im5t ) a lead n recogniz$ z s\nd4 ,! v>i\s tables foll[4 ,,op5+ ,,leads ,,aga9/ ,a ,,no-,,trump ,,decl>ation ,) a ,)\t a ,hold+ ,re5try ,re5try ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 ) or )\t o!rs ,ace ,ace ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,t51 ) "o or m o!rs ,ace ,ace ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,t5 ,k+ ,k+ ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ) ?ree or m o!rs ,ace ,ace ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ) "o or two o!rs ,k+ ,k+ ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 ) two or m o!rs ,ace ,ace ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 ) "o o!r ,ace ,knave ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t5 ,k+ ,knave ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ) ?ree or m o!rs ,ace ,ace ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ) two o!rs ,ace #d? be/ ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ) "o o!r ,k+ ,k+ ,ace1 ,k+1 & five o!rs ,ace ,ace ,ace1 ,k+1 & f\r o!rs ,k+ #d? be/ ,ace1 ,k+1 & two or ?ree o!rs #d? be/ #d? be/ ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave1 ,t51 ) or )\t o!rs ,ace ,que5 ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave1 ) "o or m o!rs ,ace ,que5 ,ace1 ,que51 ,t51 ,n9e1 & ?ree o!rs ,ace ,t5 ,ace1 ,que51 ,t51 ,n9e1 ) less ?an sev5 ,t5 ,t5 ,ace1 ,que51 & five o!rs ,ace #d? be/ ,ace1 ,que51 & two1 ?ree1 or f\r o!rs #d? be/ #d? be/ ,ace1 ,knave1 ,t51 ) "o or m o!rs ,knave ,knave ,ace1 ,knave1 ) two or m o!rs #d? be/ #d? be/ ,ace1 ,t51 ,n9e1 ) "o or m o!rs ,t5 ,t5 ,ace1 ,t51 ,eight1 ) "o or m o!rs #d? be/ #d? be/ ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 ,t51 ) or )\t o!rs ,k+ ,k+ ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 ) "o or m o!rs ,k+ ,k+ ,k+1 ,que51 ,t51 ) "o or m o!rs ,k+ ,k+ ,k+1 ,que51 ) five or m o!rs ,k+ ,k+ ,k+1 ,que51 ) f\r or m o!rs ,k+ #d? be/ ,k+1 ,que51 ) two or ?ree o!rs #d? be/ #d? be/ ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 ) "o or m o!rs ,knave ,knave ,k+1 ,knave1 ) two or m o!rs #d? be/ #d? be/ ,k+1 ,t51 ,n9e1 ) "o or m o!rs ,t5 ,t5 ,k+1 ,t51 ) two or m o!rs #d? be/ #d? be/ ,que51 ,knave1 ,t51 ) "o or m o!rs ,que5 ,que5 ,que51 ,knave1 ,n9e1 ) "o or m o!rs ,que5 ,que5 ,que51 ,knave1 ) two or m o!rs #d? be/ #d? be/ ,que51 ,t51 ,n9e1 ) "o or m o!rs ,t5 ,t5 ,knave1 ,t51 ,n9e1 ) "o or m o!rs ,knave ,knave ,knave1 ,t51 ,eight1 ) "o or m o!rs ,knave ,knave ,knave1 ,t51 ) two or m o!rs #d? be/ #d? be/ ,t51 ,n9e1 ,eight1 ) "o or m o!rs ,t5 ,t5 ,t51 ,n9e1 ,sev51 ) "o or m o!rs ,t5 ,t5 ,9 all ! above cases 9 :i* ! f\r? be/ is giv5 z ! lead1 %\ld ! h& conta9 an int]m$iate sequ5ce1 head$ by an #h1 or high] c>d1 ! top ( su* sequ5ce %\ld be l$ in/ead ( ! f\r? be/4 ,= example1 ,k+1 ,knave1 #i1 #h1 #b1 lead ! #i2 ,k+1 ,knave1 #i1 #g1 #b1 lead ! #g4 ,9 any case n m5tion$1 9 :i* !re is n an int]m$iate sequ5ce1 head$ by an #h or high] c>d1 ! f\r? be/ %\ld be op5$4 ,! lead ( ! f\r? be/1 :5 x is an #h or high] c>d1 %\ld be avoid$ :5ev] possible4 ,= example1 ,ace1 ,que51 #aj1 #h1 #f1 #b1 lead ! #f2 b nev] lead ! l[e/ :5 hold+ m ?an f\r1 s f ,ace1 ,que51 #aj1 #h1 #b1 lead ! #h4 ,9 all ! ,ace-,k+ comb9ations 9 ! above table1 9 :i* ! ,ace is ! conv5tional lead1 x is select$ 9 pref]5ce to ! ,k+1 because ! highe/ c>d ( ! p>tn] is desir$2 :5 ! ,k+ is ! lead1 ! suit is n ( suffici5t /r5g? to make t play advisable4 ,,op5+ ,,leads ,,aga9/ ,a ,,trump ,,decl>ation ,hold+ ,lead ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave ,k+1 !n ,knave ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que5 ,k+1 !n ,que5 ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave ,k+ ,ace1 ,k+1 & "o or m o!rs ,k+ ,ace1 ,k+1 )\t any o!rs ,ace1 !n ,k+ ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave#bb ,ace1 !n ,que5 ,ace1 ,que51 & "o or m o!rs#bb ,ace1 !n l[e/ ,ace1 ,knave1 ,t5#bb ,ace ,ace1 & "o or m small ,ace ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 ) or )\t o!rs ,k+ ,k+1 ,que51 ,t51 ) or )\t o!rs ,k+ ,k+1 ,que51 ) or )\t o!rs ,k+ ,k+1 ,knave1 ,t51 ) or )\t o!rs#bb ,knave ,k+1 ,knave1 & "o or m o!rs#bb ,l[e/ or #d? be/ ,k+1 ,t51 ,n9e1 & "o or m o!rs#bb ,t5 ,k+1 & two or m o!rs#bb ,l[e/ or #d? be/ ,que51 ,knave1 ,t51 ) or )\t o!rs ,que5 ,que51 ,knave1 ,n9e1 ) or )\t o!rs ,que5 ,que51 ,knave1 & two or m o!rs #d? be/#bc ,que51 ,knave1 & "o or no o!rs ,que5 ,que51 ,t51 ,n9e1 ) or )\t o!rs ,t5 ,knave1 ,t51 ) or )\t o!rs ,knave ,t51 ,n9e1 ) or )\t o!rs ,t5 #bb ,^! suits unless decl>$ by p>tn] %\ld n be op5$1 z !y are disadvantage\s leads aga9/ a ,trump decl>ation4 #bc ,?is is ! conv5tional lead f ?is comb9ation1 b _m good play]s pref] ! ,que51 especially :5 ! indications are t ! h& is n ev5ly divid$4 ,:5 long suits h be5 ann\nc$1 ! *ances are t ! suit l$ w be ruff$ on ! ?ird r\nd1 if n e>li]4 ,if ! ,k+ be 9 ! ,second ,h& & ! ,ace 9 ! ,?ird1 a trick c be ga9$ by lead+ ! ,que5 :5ev] ! suit does n la/ = ?ree r\nds4 ,!re=e1 unless ! h& indicate t ! suits are ev5ly divid$1 ! ,que5 seems to be ! bett] lead4 ,,ix ,,! ,,play ,x has be5 /at$ else:]e t x is easi] to advise an ,auction play] h[ to decl>e ?an h[ to play4 ,?is is unque/ionably true1 & z a rule in/ruction 9 pr9t relat+ to intricate situations 9 ! play is ( little b5efit to ! read]4 ,end situations1 & ev5 ^? :i* arise e>li] 9 ! h&1 seldom exactly repeat !mselves4 ,pages may be fill$ ) ! description ( brilliant plays by ! ,decl>] & 8 oppon5ts4 ,! read] may /udy su* examples until he becomes ?or\ghly famili> ) e detail1 & yet1 s great & inf9ite is ! v>iety ( ,auction h&s1 may play = ye>s )\t ev] hav+ "o ( !m arise4 ,ma!maticians /ate t ! #eb c>ds may be di/ribut$ 9 #ec1fdd1gcg1gfe1hci1bcg1ddj1jjj diff]5t ways1 & t a play] may receive #fce1jac1eei1fjj diff]5t h&s4 ,!re is no reason to "q ! accuracy ( ^! figures1 b ev5 if !y be grossly excessive1 x is /ill self-evid5t t ea* deal is apt to produce "s totally new situation4 ,all t w be attempt$1 !re=e1 9 consid]+ ! play1 is to (f] a few g5]al sugge/ions t x is believ$ w be f\nd applicable to a consid]able p]c5tage ( h&s1 & t x is hop$ w prove useful4 ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,play ,,9 ,,auction ,,& ,,bridge ,!re is little diff]5ce betwe5 ! play 9 ,auction & ,bridge1 al?\gh 9 ,auction1 due to ! bidd+1 all ! play]s h mu* great] in=mation reg>d+ ! /r5g? & weakness ( ! v>i\s h&s4 ,!re is "o po9t ( v>iance1 h[ev]1 wor?y ( consid]ation3-- ,9 ,bridge1 ! play] ( ! op5 h& is g5]ally /riv+ = ! game z 8 only object4 ,9 ,auction1 ! ,decl>] has two purposes 9 view2 fir/1 to fulfil 8 decl>ation2 & second1 :5 ! mak+ ( ! decl>ation does n 9 itself secure game1 to obta9 t also4 ,naturally1 ! oppon5ts ( ! ,decl>] play ) exactly ! opposite idea1 _! fir/ object be+ to prev5t him f go+ game1 & _! second1 to keep him f fulfill+ 8 contract4 ,,play+ ,,= ,,game ,! ,decl>] %\ld nev] take a f9esse or make any o!r play :i*1 if x succe$1 ga9s "o or m tricks1 b :i*1 if x fail1 risks ! fulfilm5t ( an o!rwise assur$ contract4 ,hav+ once made sure ( 8 bid1 he %\ld apply a simil> rule to ! w9n+ ( ! game4 ,an extra trick c\nts comp>atively little1 b ! failure to c>ry out a contract or to capture a game may alt] ! result ( ! rubb]4 ,! game is1 ( c\rse1 f> m important ?an ! contract1 & ! ,decl>]1 :5 he has a reasonable *ance ( obta9+ x1 %\ld1 if necess>y1 risk 8 decl>ation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8 oppon5ts %\ld save ! game beyond p]adv5ture1 ev5 if by s do+ !y lose an opportunity to defeat ! ,decl>]4 ,a c\ple ( examples w %[ ?is m cle>ly ?an pages ( explanation4 ,suppose1 ! score be+ love1 ! ,decl>]1 :o has bid ?ree ,royals1 has ab\t exhau/$ ! possibilities ( 8 c>ds4 ,he has won eight tricks & has ! lead 9 8 own h&1 ) an ,ace & ,que5 ( ! same suit 9 ! ,dummy4 ,"o m trick w fulfil 8 contract1 two w give him game4 ,! developm5t ( ! play has %[n t ! adv]s>ies w make ! re/ ( ! tricks :5ev] !y obta9 ! lead1 & consequ5tly1 if he f9esse & lose1 ! eight tricks already tak5 w be all he w secure1 8 ,ace w die1 & he w be "o d[n4 ,he is )\t in=mation z to ! location ( ! ,k+2 nei!r adv]s>y has decl>$1 & nei!r has by disc>d or o!rwise 9 ! play giv5 a reliable h9t z to ! abs5ce or pres5ce ( ! all-important c>d4 ,8 duty is pla94 ,by f9ess+ he may lose #bg po9ts & a p5alty ( #ej1 #gg 9 all1 b ! f9esse gives him an ev5 *ance to w9 ! game2 & :e!r x be ! rubb]1 ) its premium ( #bej1 or m]ely ! fir/ game1 b /ill a mo/ important advance t[>d ! goal1 he %\ld take 8 *ance1 realiz+ t ! value ( ! object = :i* he is /riv+ is f> great] ?an ! #gg he may lose4 ,"u simil> conditions1 h[ev]1 if ! ,trump be ,diamonds1 ! f9esse %\ld be refus$4 ,x w\ld !n take ?ree m tricks to make game1 & b two are possible4 ,"o completes ! contract1 & w9n+ ! f9esse adds only #g po9ts1 less ?an "o-t5? ( ! #ga plac$ 9 jeop>dy4 ,! #ba po9ts 9 ! trick column assur$ by refus+ ! f9esse are1 view$ f a practical /&po9t1 j z ne> a game z #bh w\ld be1 b #ba makes ! bidd+ = game on ! next deal mu* easi] ?an if ! ef=t to w9 ! extra #g _h result$ 9 ! score rema9+ at love4 ,9 ?is case1 !re=e1 n only :5 ! *ances are equal1 b ev5 :5 unmi/akable inf]5ces ( decl>ation & play indicate t ! success ( ! f9esse is almo/ assur$1 ! opportunity %\ld be refus$4 ,p5ny-wise & p\nd-fooli% aptly *>act]izes a play] :o w\ld risk advantage ( position & #ga po9ts = ! *ance ( ga9+ a paltry #g4 ,,play ,,= ,,an ,,ev5 ,,break ,! ,decl>]1 9 ! abs5ce ( any positive indication to ! contr>y1 %\ld base 8 play ^u ! probability ( an ev5 division ( ! c>ds4 ,t is1 ) sev5 ( a suit 9 8 own h& & ,dummy1 he %\ld play = ea* ( ! adv]s>ies to h ?ree2 ) n9e1 he %\ld play on ! basis t ! f\r miss+ c>ds are equally divid$4 ,9 ! long run1 play+ = ! ev5 break w net _m tricks1 b 9 a small p]c5tage ( in/ances x w result un=tunately4 ,! case 9 :i* ! "q mo/ frequ5tly arises is :5 ei!r 9 ,trumps or 9 ! ,decl>]'s /rong suit 9 a ,no-trump1 ! two h&s hold n9e c>ds head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave4 ,! division betwe5 ! two h&s may be ,ace1 ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x & ,x1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,ace1 ,k+1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x & ,knave1 ,t51 ,x1 ,x ,ace1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x & ,k+1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,k+1 ,knave1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x & ,ace1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x or any o!r4 ,9 all ^! cases ! ,knave f9esse is tempt+1 b x %\ld be refus$1 & ! ,ace & ,k+ play$ ) ! expectation ( an ev5 break :i* w drop ! ,que5 on ! second r\nd4 ,! exceptions to ?is g5]al rule occur :5 7a7 ,! pres5ce ( ! ,que5 9 ei!r adv]se h& has be5 indicat$ by "s decl>ation or d\ble4 7b7 ,:5 "o adv]s>y has %[n unusual l5g? 9 "s o!r suit4 ,9 ! latt] case1 x is sometimes wise to play on ! assumption t ! adv]s>y1 v long 9 ano!r suit1 has b "o ( ! suit 9 "q1 & consequ5tly to f9esse ! second r\nd on t basis4 ,,g5]al ,,play ,,( ,,! ,,decl>] ,! ,decl>]1 z soon z ! ,dummy's c>ds are spread1 %\ld size up ! situation1 see h[ _m tricks are 9 sight1 :at suit or suits x is necess>y = him to e/abli%1 & :at1 if any1 f9esse or f9esses he w h to make 9 ord] to secure 8 decl>ation & 8 game4 ,9 det]m9+ :i* way to f9esse1 he %\ld be mat]ially assi/$ by ! bids ( 8 adv]s>ies1 & dur+ ! play1 z situations develop ei!r 9 8 favor or aga9/ him1 he %\ld be cont9ually figur+ on ! be/ me?od to make 8 decl>ation4 ,he %\ld rememb] t failure to fulfil 8 contract w n only result 9 a mat]ial loss on ! score1 b1 9 ! end1 may co/ ! rubb]4 ,:5 ! s*eme ( play he has plann$ at ! />t %[s signs ( becom+ unsuccessful1 he %\ld1 if possible1 *ange x = "o m promis+4 ,! ,decl>]1 especially if br\ght up 9 ! ,:i/ s*ool1 %\ld be> 9 m9d t he n[ has no p>tn] anxi\sly seek+ in=mation reg>d+ ! cont5ts ( 8 h&1 b t he has two adv]s>ies f :om he %\ld )hold1 z long z possible1 k ( 8 /r5g?1 weakness1 aims1 & s*emes4 ,:5 any me?od ( play sugge/s itself :i* seems m deceptive ?an ano!r1 & yet produces ! same result1 x %\ld be adopt$4 ,false c>ds %\ld be us$ :5ev] possible1 z !y are less in=matory ?an ! conv5tional l[e/ ( a sequ5ce4 ,! ,decl>] %\ld worry 8 oppon5ts 9 ?is way :5ev] ! opportunity (f]s4 ,9 play+ small c>ds1 ! high] %\ld frequ5tly prec$e ! l[]1 & e means %\ld be us$ to make x z difficult z possible = ! adv]s>ies to place ! c>ds4 ,,decl>]',s ,,play ,,( ,,no-,,trump ,! ,decl>] w f9d t he is oblig$ to use diff]5t tactics :5 play+ a ,no-trump f ^? he employs :5 a ,trump has be5 nam$4 ,9 ! =m] case1 8 ma9 object %\ld be to e/abli% 8 long suit or suits1 & to %ut out ^? ( ! adv]s>y4 ,:5 he has ! ,ace 7)\t any o!r /opp]7 ( an adv]se suit1 unless !re be "s o!r he fe>s m1 he %\ld refra9 f play+ ! ,ace until ! ?ird r\nd1 or until sure t ! p>tn] ( ! long h& has exhau/$ 8 hold+ ( t suit4 ,! reason = ?is is obvi\s4 ,if ! hold] ( ! long suit c be kept f ! lead1 ! suit w n be made4 ,he may be )\t a re5try1 s x is important t 8 p>tn] be unable to put him 9 by lead+ t suit4 ,9 ?is case1 ! ,decl>] %\ld take any d\btful f9esse1 :i* he has ! opportunity ( tak+ ei!r way1 s t1 if x lose1 ! hold] ( ! long suit w n be 9 ! lead4 ,! ,decl>] %\ld po/pone z long z possible lead+ a suit ( f\r c>ds 9 "o h& & ?ree 9 ! o!r1 head$ by ,ace1 ,k+1 & ,que51 b n ! ,knave1 unless he be afraid ( a long1 adv]se run :i* w =ce him to awkw>d disc>ds4 ,! reason is t1 %\ld ei!r ( ! adv]s>ies be long 9 t suit1 ?ree r\nds w e/abli% = him "o or m c>ds :i* o!rwise w\ld n be made good4 ,lead+ ev5 two r\nds w be a w>n+ n to disc>d f t suit4 ,x %\ld1 !re=e1 be avoid$1 except = ! purpose ( plac+ a lead1 until ! o!r /r5g? ( ! ,decl>] is exhau/$1 or until x becomes evid5t t1 :5 next he loses ! lead1 ! adv]s>ies w control ! situation4 ,!n1 & n until !n1 %\ld he lead su* a suit ) ! realization t1 hav+ po/pon$ its e/abli%m5t z long z possible1 he has adopt$ ! mo/ probable me?od n only ( %utt+ out adv]se long c>ds1 b also ( mak+ an extra trick = himself4 ,:ile ! probability ( e/abli%+ an adv]se trick is n ne>ly s great :5 ! ,decl>] has f\r c>ds ( su* a suit 9 ea* h&1 x is /ill possible1 & ! me?od ( h&l+ x above advis$1 :5 ! total hold+ is sev51 %\ld be foll[$ ev5 ) eight4 ,a ?\ghtless ,decl>] :o has no?+ to fe> f an adv]se run w (t5 z soon z he gets 9 7& be=e he e/abli%es "s suit t dem&s att5tion7 />t ) a suit ( ?is "*4 ,su* tactics sometimes co/ a decl>ation--sometimes a game2 yet ! ?\ghtless "o r>ely appreciates 8 folly4 ,an example may make ?is m evid5t3-- ,,dummy ,,decl>] ,spades ,x1 ,x ,ace1 ,que51 ,x ,he>ts ,ace1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,k+1 ,que51 ,x ,diamonds ,x1 ,x ,ace1 ,que51 ,x ,clubs ,knave1 #i1 ,x1 ,x1 ,x ,que51 #aj1 ,x1 ,x ,! #b ( ,spades is op5$1 & ! ,decl>] w9s ! fir/ trick ) ! ,que54 ,he n[ has assur$ two ,spade1 ?ree ,he>t1 & "o ,diamond tricks1 ) a *ance ( "o m 9 bo? ,he>ts & ,diamonds2 six sure & eight possible1 )\t ! ,clubs4 ,if he e/abli% 8 ,clubs1 he c make #c tricks 9 t suit1 :i* w insure game4 ,if he op5 8 ,he>ts1 he may e/abli% "o or m = ! adv]s>ies & ?us give up all *ance ( ! game1 z he is at be/ practically sure to lose two ,spades & two ,clubs4 ,x is impossible to ga9 any advantage by runn+ ! f\r ,he>ts be=e ! ,clubs1 ev5 if !y all be good2 9 o!r words1 x is a play :i* may co/ ! game & _c by any possibility ga9 any?+ :atev]4 ,:5 ! ,decl>] holds a suit long 9 bo? h&s1 head$ by ! ?ree top honors1 two 9 "o h& & "o 9 ! o!r1 x is wise to w9 ! fir/ trick ) "o ( ! honors ( ! h& :i* holds two2 ?is is apt to be b5eficial 9 ! ev5t ( an adv]s>y refus+ or hav+ a s+leton4 ,! ,decl>]1 ev5 :5 he has bid a light ,no-trump & receiv$ little assi/ance1 %\ld play ) confid5ce4 ,8 adv]s>ies d n "k ! flimsy "* ( 8 decl>ation1 & w cr$it him ) m p[]ful c>ds ?an he really holds4 ,ev5 exp]i5c$ play]s seem to feel t a ,no-trump decl>ation is entitl$ to great] respect ?an x des]ves :5 made ) ! m9imum /r5g? :i* conv5tionally au?orizes x4 ,a clev] play] w frequ5tly capture ! odd ) su* a decl>ation1 m]ely because ! adv]s>ies d n realize 8 weakness4 ,,decl>]',s ,,play ,,( ,a ,,suit ,,decl>ation ,! ,decl>] g5]ally has a great] opportunity to display skill 9 ! play ( a suit decl>ation ?an ( a ,no-trump]4 ,) a suit decl>$1 z soon z ! ,dummy is plac$ be=e him1 he mu/ det]m9e :i* ( two plans ( campaign x is advisable = him to adopt3 t is1 he mu/ ei!r lead ,trumps until ! adv]s>ies h no m1 or he mu/ play ! ruff+ game & make 8 ,trumps sep>ately4 ,! latt] is especially advantage\s if1 ) 8 weak] ,trump h&1 he c take a trick or tricks t w\ld1 ( necessity1 be lo/ if he imm$iately exhau/$ all ! ,trumps4 ,! ,decl>]1 !re=e1 %\ld fir/ look = a *ance to ruff los+ c>ds ) 8 weak h&2 :5 he does n f9d t opportunity1 he %\ld realize t ! adv]s>ies w attempt to d "s ruff+ !mselves1 & 9 n9e cases out ( t51 %\ld exhau/ ! ,trumps4 ,:5 ! ,decl>] has a hold+ :i* makes him anxi\s t ! ,trump lead %\ld come f ! o!r side1 & ! ,dummy conta9s %ort ,trumps & a %ort suit 7:i* %ort suit ! ,decl>] _c arrange = ! ,dummy to ruff1 ei!r because he has ! same numb] z ! ,dummy1 or because he has w9n+ c>ds71 he c sometimes induce an adv]se ,trump lead by op5+ ! %ort suit1 ?us convey+ to 8 adv]s>ies ! impression t he desires to ruff ) ! %ort ,trumps4 ,if ! ,decl>] h suffici5t ,trump l5g? 9 8 weak ,trump h& to exhau/ ! adv]se ,trump hold+1 & /ill rema9 ) suffici5t ,trumps = all possible ruffs1 he %\ld lead ,trumps be=e tak+ ! ruff1 s z to avoid any *ance ( an ov]-ruff4 ,an obvi\s case w exemplify ?is pr9ciple3-- ,! ,decl>] holds ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 & "o small ,trump2 ! ,dummy1 f\r small2 ! ,decl>]1 ,k+1 ,que51 & two small ,clubs1 9 :i* suit ! ,dummy has ,ace & "o small4 ,"p ( ! ,decl>]'s orig9al s*eme ( play is to h ! ,dummy ruff 8 los+ ,club1 yet to lead t suit be=e ?ree r\nds ( ,trumps w\ld be ! height ( folly1 z a w9n+ c>d might be ruff$ by an adv]s>y or ! ,dummy ov]-ruff$4 ,manag+ ! ,dummy s z to utilize all 8 small ,trumps to ! greate/ advantage is "o ( ! te/s ( ! skill ( ! play] ( ! comb9$ h&s4 ,a simple example foll[s3 ,) ,he>ts ,trump1 ! ,dummy puts d[n "o small ,club1 & ?ree wor?less ,trumps4 ,! ,decl>] w9s ! fir/ trick1 has ,ace at ! head ( 8 long ,trumps2 also1 ,ace1 ,k+1 & two los+ ,clubs4 ,8 play is pla94 ,he %\ld lead 8 ,ace & !n a small ,club2 ruff ! latt]1 lead a ,trump f ,dummy1 & !n ! rema9+ los+ ,club1 = ,dummy to ruff ) 8 la/ ,trump4 ,,play ,,by ,,decl>]',s ,,adv]s>ies ,! adv]s>ies ( ! ,decl>] mu/ realize t !y are at "s disadvantage 9 ! play4 ,! ,decl>] kn[s e c>d 9 ! ,dummy1 b ea* ( 8 oppon5ts c at be/ only guess ! hold+ ( 8 p>tn]4 ,!y %\ld1 !re=e1 /rive by e means 9 _! p[] to give ea* o!r all possible in=mation4 ,!y %\ld always play ! l[e/1 & 7except ) ,ace1 ,k+1 & "o or m o!rs7 lead ! highe/ ( a sequ5ce4 ,! only case 9 :i* !y %\ld )hold in=mation or play a false c>d is :5 su* action may upset ! calculations ( ! ,decl>]1 & ei!r _c mislead ! p>tn]1 or1 if x d1 w n affect 8 play4 ,= example1 ) ,k+1 ,que51 ov] an adv]se ,ace1 ,knave1 #aj1 a false c>d is m ?an ju/ifi$1 z x tempts ! ,decl>] to m\ld 8 play = ano!r f9esse2 s also1 9 o!r cases 9 :i* ! p>tn] is )\t /r5g? 9 ! suit & 8 play is1 !re=e1 unimportant1 he may be treat$ z if he 7 a ,dummy4 ,! advantage ( =c+ ! /rong h& is j z great 9 ,auction z 9 ,:i/ or ,bridge1 & z a rule x is ! be/ play possible = ! adv]s>ies ( ! ,decl>]4 ,! only exception is :5 ! ,dummy has an e/abli%$ suit & a re5try4 ,suppose1 = example1 ) f\r tricks to play1 ! ,decl>] has ! la/ ,trump 7,he>ts71 "o ,club1 & two ,diamonds4 ,! ,dummy has ?ree w9n+ ,clubs1 & ! lead] a ,diamond & w9n+ ,spades4 ,he kn[s he c =ce ! ,decl>]'s la/ ,trump ) a ,spade1 & g5]ally ?is w\ld be 8 wise/ play2 b ! long ,clubs 9 ! ,dummy %[ t ! usual tactics _c n[ be employ$1 & 8 only *ance is to lead a ,diamond hop+ t 8 p>tn] has "o or two w9n]s4 ,x goes )\t say+ t lead+ a suit ! weak adv]se h& c trump1 & ^u :i* ! /rong h& c disc>d1 is c>ry+ out a cu/om mo/ comm5dable at ,*ri/mas1 b :i* at ! c>d-table does n ar\se ! en?usiasm ( ! p>tn]4 ,a play] %\ld be mo/ c>eful n to indicate by "s mann]ism t 8 h& is trickless4 ,by pull+ a c>d be=e x is 8 turn to play1 by app>5t lack ( int]e/1 or by all[+ himself to be wrapp$ 9 gloom1 he may give ! ,decl>] z mu* in=mation z if he spread 8 h& on ! table4 ,,! ,,signal ,"o ( ! be/ & mo/ s]viceable me?ods ( giv+ in=mation is by us+ ! signal1 :i* is made by ! play ( an unnecess>ily high c>d4 ,= example1 ! ,ace & ,k+ ( a suit are l$4 ,! play ( ! #f be=e ! #e con/itutes a signal1 z ! #f is an unnecess>ily high c>d4 ,! mean+ ( ?is signal is t ! mak] desires ! suit1 9 :i* x is made1 cont9u$4 ,play+ 9 ord9>y ord]1 l[] be=e high]1 %[s t ! cont9uation ( t suit is n reque/$4 ,x is ! old ,trump signal ( ! game ( ,:i/1 :i*1 inasmu* z a dem& = a ,trump lead is n ne$$ 9 ,auction1 has be5 borr[$ & trans=m$ into a reque/ to cont9ue ! suit4 ,?is signal 0 fir/ us$ to mean1 ,i c ruff ! ?ird r\nd1 b ! absurdity ( limit+ x to any su* mean+ soon became app>5t1 &1 z x is n[ play$1 x means1 ,p>tn]1 cont9ue ?is suit4 ,i h "s reason = ask+ y s to d4 ,! failure to give ?is signal may mean1 ,%ift ! suit1 b does n ( necessity d s4 ,x m]ely says1 ,p>tn]1 ,i h no reason = ask+ y to lead ?is suit a ?ird "t4 ,?is signal is a mo/ important "p ( ,auction tactics4 ,x c be giv5 on ei!r ! p>tn]'s or ! ,decl>]'s lead1 %\ld always be us$ :5 a cont9uation ( ! suit is desir$1 & %\ld be wat*$ = by ! p>tn] ) ! mo/ pa9/ak+ c>e4 ,! fir/ trick sometimes furni%es ?is in=mation4 ,= example1 ! play ( ! deuce1 or ( any c>d :i* ! p>tn] c read z be+ ( necessity ! l[e/1 tells him t ei!r ! c>d is a s+leton or t ! play] is n beg9n+ a signal4 ,:5 a play] is anxi\s to place 8 p>tn] 9 ! lead1 ! signal may be ( ! greate/ possible value4 ,suppose1 = example1 he has two suits f :i* to *oose4 ,9 "o ( ^! suits he is )\t /r5g?1 b 8 p>tn] may h ! ,ace4 ,9 ! o!r1 he has ! ,ace himself1 & 8 p>tn] may h ! ,k+4 ,if he guess ! wrong suit1 ! ,decl>] w get 9 & take ! re/ ( ! tricks4 ,by lead+ 8 ,ace & wat*+ ! size ( ! c>d 8 p>tn] plays1 he c g5]ally tell :at to d4 ,if ! l[e/ c>d be play$1 he %\ld %ift ! suit4 ,9 su* a situation1 if ! p>tn] wi% ! suit cont9u$1 & has m ?an two small c>ds1 he %\ld play ! highe/ s z to emphasize ! signal4 ,,! ,,disc>d ,! disc>d :i* 9 ,:i/ has be5 ! subject ( s _m controv]sies1 & :i*1 ev5 9 ,bridge1 has creat$ "s discussion1 does n assume ne>ly s great importance 9 ,auction4 ,! /r5g? ( ! v>i\s suits hav+ be5 cle>ly indicat$ by ! bid1 !re is n z great opportunity to furni% new in=mation by ! disc>d4 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be assum$1 m]ely because ! ,auction disc>d is comp>atively unimportant1 t x is n wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,true x is t !re is no ne$ to worry ov] any su* complicat$ sy/ems z /r5g? or rot>y disc>ds4 ,!y are apt to confuse & produce misund]/&+s f> m damag+ ?an any possible b5efit :i* results :5 !y "w p]fectly4 ,! /r5g? disc>d may compel ! play+ ( a c>d :i*1 if its suit be e/abli%$1 w w9 a trick1 & ! rot>y is n always reliable1 z ! disc>d] may be void ( ! next suit1 or unable to disc>d f x because x is compos$ ( high c>ds only or ( necess>y gu>ds = s+le honors4 ,! odd-&-ev5 disc>d1 t is1 #c1 #e1 #g1 #i1 %[+ /r5g?1 #b1 #d1 #f1 #h1 weakness1 is v satisfactory :5 ! h&s are made to ord]1 b a c]ta9 proportion ( h&s fail to conta9 an odd c>d :5 ! disc>d] desires to ann\nce /r5g?1 or an ev5 "o :5 he has extreme weakness4 ,! awkw>dness1 :5 us+ ?is sy/em1 ( su* a hold+ z #c1 #e1 #g1 is self-app>5t4 ,all ^! plans or fads _h _! inn+s 9 ,:i/1 :]e important in=mation _h to be convey$ by ! disc>d1 b 9 ,auction1 !y are ab\t z necess>y z pit*+ a curve to a bl9d batsman4 ,! pla91 simple1 old-fa%ion$ disc>d f weakness is all t is us$ or requir$1 provid$ x be und]/ood t a signal 9 ! disc>d means a rev]sal ( its ord9>y inf]5ce4 ,a signal by disc>d 7t is1 = example1 disc>d+ fir/ a #e1 foll[$ by a #b7 is g5]ally a %[+ ( /r5g? 9 t suit1 & a mo/ pron\nc$ sugge/ion1 if n an imp]ative comm&1 t x be l$ at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,! only case 9 :i* x is n an evid5ce ( /r5g? is :5 x %[s a desire to ruff4 ,! signal 9 ! disc>d is mo/ s]viceable :5 ! ,decl>] is play+ a long suit1 & ! p>tn] is 9 d\bt :i* ( ! two rema9+ suits to keep gu>d$4 ,9 ?is case x may n be a comm& to lead1 b m]ely a wireless message say+1 ,i h ?is suit /opp$2 y take c>e ( ! o!r4 ,a signal 9 a disc>d to %[ /r5g? is only necess>y :5 x is n advisable to disc>d once f ea* ( ! o!r suits1 :i* by inf]5ce gives ! same in=mation1 yet does n %ort5 ! /rong suit4 ,/r5g? in=mation c (t5 be transmitt$ by ! weakness disc>d1 j z quickly & m simply ?an by ! n[ g5]ally ab&on$ /r5g? disc>d4 ,= example1 ! disc>d ( ! l[e/ c>d %[s weakness & negatives all possibility ( a /r5g? signal1 b if ! fir/ disc>d be z high z a #g or #h1 & ! p>tn] c read1 f ! g5]al composition ( 8 h& & ! ,dummy1 t ! disc>d] mu/ hold a l[] c>d 9 t suit1 he gets ! in=mation at once4 ,reg>dless ( %[+ 8 p>tn] /r5g? or weakness1 ! play] has ample opportunity to give evid5ce ( skill 9 disc>d+4 ,too mu* in=mation %\ld nev] be giv5 to ! ,decl>] :5 he is 9 ! lead & controls ! situation4 ,!re are _m h&s 9 :i* x becomes obvi\s t all ! adv]s>ies ( ! ,decl>] c hope to accompli% is ! sav+ ( a slam1 or ! tak+ ( "o m trick4 ,! "q is n :at to tell ! p>tn] to lead :5 he gets 91 b h[ to w9 a s+le trick4 ,9 su* a case1 a bluff disc>d1 i4e41 %[+ /r5g? :]e x does n exi/1 is sometimes effective1 al?\gh a ke5 ,decl>] is n apt to be easily deceiv$ by any ruse s transp>5t4 ,"o ?+ to rememb] "u su* circum/ances1 h[ev]1 is n to help ! ,decl>] by %[+ weakness1 s t he w "k :i* way to f9esse4 ,9 ,no-trumps or ) ! ,trumps exhau/$1 nev] disc>d a s+leton1 or too _m c>ds ( a weak suit4 ,:5 a suit has be5 decl>$1 x is unnecess>y1 by in=matory disc>d+1 to repeat ! ann\ncem5t ( /r5g?4 ,?is pr9ciple1 j z is ! case ) o!r sy/ems ( play1 is pr$icat$ ^u ! ability ( ! p>tn] to rememb] ! bids4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he be unable to d s1 in=mation by disc>d w obvi\sly be s[+ se$ on b>r5 gr\nd1 & %\ld be )held1 z ! ,decl>] is ! only "o :o w reap any b5efit4 ,,block+ ,,! ,,dummy ,:5 ! ,decl>] is play+ a ,no-trump & ! ,dummy holds a long suit )\t re5try1 an adv]s>y ( ! ,decl>] may h ! opportunity1 :5 he has a c>d /opp+ t suit1 ( block+ x & prev5t+ ! long c>ds f mak+1 by hold+ ! w9n+ c>d until ! ,decl>] has play$ :at is necess>ily 8 la/ c>d ( ! suit4 ,,avoid ,,op5+ ,,new ,,suits ,! adv]s>ies ( ! ,decl>] %\ld avoid op5+ new suits unless ! situation %[s x to be necess>y4 ,!y %\ld rememb] t :5 ! honors ( a suit are ev5ly divid$1 op5+ x is practically sure to co/ a trick1 & t ! />t+ ( any suit1 :i* is n head$ by ,ace & ,k+1 or a ?ree-c>d sequ5ce1 is almo/ inv>iably disadvantage\s4 ,! lead by ! p>tn] has be5 made ) "s object1 & %\ld1 !re=e1 be return$1 except :5 ! hold+ ( ! ,dummy or "s o!r developm5t r5d]s su* action pla9ly inadvisable4 ,%ift+ suits is ab\t z advantage\s z swapp+ horses :ile cross+ a /ream1 & ! advice to return ! p>tn]'s suit r ?an risk a new "o applies ) equal =ce :e!r a ,no-trump or suit decl>ation is be+ play$1 b does n ref] to ! situation 9 :i* ! p>tn] evid5tly desires t ! suit he has decl>$ be l$ ?r\gh /r5g? up to him4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,return ,,p>tn]',s ,,lead ,:5 ! orig9al ,?ird ,h& returns a suit op5$ by 8 p>tn]1 he %\ld lead ! w9n+ c>d1 if he hold x4 ,if )\t ! be/ c>d1 :5 ! lead is aga9/ a ,no-trump decl>ation1 x is f> m important t a high c>d %\ld be l$ ?r\gh /r5g?1 & also t ! hold] ( ! l5g? %\ld be accurately advis$ z to 8 p>tn]'s high c>ds1 ?an t he %\ld be told ! exact numb] ( small ones4 ,!re=e1 :5 play+ a ,no-trump]1 ! highe/ c>d %\ld be return$ f ei!r ?ree or two rema9+4 ,) f\r rema9+ 7five orig9ally71 ! hold+ may be long] ?an t ( ! orig9al lead]1 &1 !re=e1 ! l[e/ %\ld be l$4 ,if ! p>tn] be a ke5 c\nt] ( small c>ds1 ! next to ! l[e/ is d\btless m in=matory & j z advantage\s z ! l[e/4 ,:5 ! orig9al ,?ird ,h& returns a suit op5$ by 8 p>tn] aga9/ a suit decl>ation1 !re is "s diff]5ce ( op9ion among good play]s z to :e!r he %\ld foll[ ! ,:i/ rule1 :i* is ! mo/ in=matory z to numb]1 & lead ! l[e/ ( ?ree rema9+1 ! high] ( two2 or :e!r x is unwise to complicate matt]s by di/+ui%+ betwe5 ?is case & ! return :5 a ,no-trump is be+ play$4 ,! "q is n v important z long z p>tn]s und]/& :i* conv5tion is be+ us$4 ,none ( ^! rules applies 9 ! case1 readily di/+ui%able1 9 :i* ! adv]se /r5g? 9 ! suit is 9 ! ,dummy1 & x is necess>y to hold a high c>d ov] t h&2 ! play mu/ !n be made to fit ! situation1 & n accord+ to any h>d-&-fa/ pr9ciple4 ,,! ,,f9esse ,! c>ds ( ! ,dummy be+ expos$ make x easy = ! play] sitt+ back ( him to det]m9e :5 to f9esse4 ,z ! object ( a f9esse is to cat* a high c>d on ! "r1 x is folly to f9esse aga9/ no?+--= example1 ! lead] op5s ) ,knave aga9/ a ,no-trump2 ! ,?ird ,h& has ,k+ & o!rs2 :5 ! ,dummy has ! ,que51 x is obvi\s ! ,k+ %\ld n be play$ unless ! ,que5 cov] ! ,knave1 b :5 ! ,dummy holds only wor?less c>ds1 ! ,?ird ,h& %\ld play ! ,k+1 z1 %\ld he f9esse aga9/ no?+1 he w\ld all[ ! ,que5 to w94 ,! lead] has op5$ ei!r f ,ace1 ,knave1 ,t51 or a suit head$ by a ,knave-,t5 comb9ation4 ,9 ! =m] case ! play ( ! ,k+ insures e trick2 9 ! latt]1 x helps cle> ! suit4 ,x1 !re=e1 is an example ( ! rule n to f9esse :5 ! ,dummy has no?+4 ,an app>5t exception to ?is rule occurs :5 ! lead is made 9 answ] to a decl>ation1 or z an evid5t ef=t to f9d ! p>tn]'s /r5g?4 ,= example1 ! orig9al ,?ird ,h&1 ) six ,he>ts head$ by ,k+1 ,t51 & two re5tries1 has call$ ,he>ts4 ,! ,decl>] is play+ a ,no-trump]1 & ! op5+ is ! ,knave ( ,he>ts4 ,! ,dummy is )\t /r5g?4 ,9 t case1 ! ,decl>] is m>k$ ) bo? ! ,ace & ,que5 ( ,he>ts4 ,! ,?ird ,h& %\ld1 !re=e1 play small4 ,! play ( ! ,k+ _c be ( any b5efit1 & %\ld ! ,decl>] h ! ,n9e1 w be mo/ exp5sive4 ,?is really is n a f9esse aga9/ no?+1 b1 ! position ( ! w9n+ c>ds be+ m>k$1 is m]ely a cons]vation ( /r5g?4 ,! same g5]al pr9ciple applies 9 _m simil> cases2 :51 h[ev]1 a small c>d is l$1 ! ,?ird ,h& %\ld n f9esse1 unless ! ,dummy conta9 "s high c>d4 ,play+ ,no-trump1 ! foll[+ f9esses are advisable ov] ! ,dummy3-- ,,:5 ,,dummy ,,has ,,f9esse ,k+ ,ace1 ,que5 ,ace1 ,knave ,ace1 ,t5 ,k+1 ,knave ,ace1 ,t5 ,ace1 ,n9e ,k+1 ,t5 ,ace1 ,n9e ,que5 ,ace1 ,knave ,ace1 ,t5 ,k+1 ,knave ,k+1 ,t5 ,knave ,ace1 ,t5 ,k+1 ,t5 ,que51 ,t5 ,d n1 h[ev]1 except ) a f\r*ette1 f9esse aga9/ ,que5 or ,knave s+ly gu>d$1 :5 x is evid5t t ! ,decl>] & ,dummy hold only f\r c>ds ( ! suit1 & ! ,ace or ,k+ is m>k$ ) ! lead]4 ,:5 play+ ,no-trump1 z a rule d n f9esse if s do+ w block ! p>tn]'s suit4 ,x ,,scor+ ,,& ,,score-,,%eets ,! score is a v important incid5t ( ! game ( ,auction1 & to keep x prop]ly requires consid]able c>e & skill4 ,! figures frequ5tly run into high numb]s on bo? sides1 & :5 ! rubb] cont9ues dur+ ?ree hotly conte/$ games1 !y become q volum9\s4 ,! score-%eet %\ld be left on ! table1 & ! writ+ on x %\ld be ( su* size t x c be se5 at a glance4 ,?is saves "t & tr\ble1 z x relieves ! play]s f ! necessity ( ask+ ! /ate ( ! score4 ,9 "s clubs two scores are kept1 s t1 9 ! only too probable cont+5cy ( a mi/ake be+ made1 x may inv>iably be detect$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is unnecess>y1 & at times confus+4 ,! extra %eet is also apt to prove annoy+1 because ( ! space x occupies ^u ! table4 ,"o score is q suffici5t1 if x be compet5tly kept1 & ea* entry1 z well z ! additions1 v]ifi$4 ,!re are two totally diff]5t types ( ,auction score-%eets4 ,! "o :i* is us$ 9 p]haps n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! private games1 &1 /range z x may seem1 9 _m clubs1 has absolutely no excuse = its exi/5ce1 except t x 0 ! fir/ to be introduc$ & has ! reputation ( be+ univ]sally us$ 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,x requires scor+ above & bel[ ! l9e1 :i* is a mo/ cumb]some & dilatory proposition4 ,keep+ tally by ?is me?od involves1 at ! end ( a rubb]1 long ma!matical problems1 :i*1 z ! scor] is !n 9 a hurry1 frequ5tly result 9 s]i\s1 & at times undiscov]$1 mi/akes4 ,! mod]n sy/em adopt$ 9 ! up-to-date clubs1 9 :i* ! game has receiv$ its mo/ sci5tific developm5t1 & 9 ! highe/ class ( social games1 does away ) ! antiquat$ me?ods & exact+ ma!matical problems ( ! above- & bel[-!-l9e sy/em1 by us+ a =m ( score-%eet :i* all[s & enc\rages ! scor] to m5tally compute simple sums dur+ ! progress ( ! rubb]4 ,by ! elim9ation ( complicat$ figur+1 x m9imizes ! opportunity = mi/ake1 & delay at ! end ( ! rubb]4 ,all play]s are d\btless famili> ) ! old sy/em ( above-& bel[-!-l9e scor+1 b only ?ree classes n[ use x3 ,a4 ,^? :o h nev] _h ! mod]n sy/em & its advantages call$ to _! att5tion4 ,b4 ,^? :o believe t1 hav+ once become accu/om$ to any me?od1 x %\ld nev] be *ang$ = a bett]4 ,c4 ,^? :o believe t1 because =eign clubs adopt a c]ta9 me?od1 we %\ld d ! same4 ,x is probably wa/+ "t to attempt to conv]t any repres5tative ( ei!r ,b or ,c1 & =tunately = ! intellig5ce ( ,am]ican c>d play]s !re are comp>atively few :o des]ve to be includ$ 9 ei!r ( ^! classifications4 ,class ,a1 h[ev]1 comprises ! va/ majority ( ,auction play]s1 :o h ei!r nev] _h ! mod]n sy/em ( scor+ call$ to _! att5tion1 or1 if !y h se5 x1 h n ?or\ghly grasp$ its num]\s advantages1 & h cont9u$ ! old me?od m]ely because !y 7 m famili> ) x & did n p]fectly und]/& ! new4 ,x is n putt+ ! matt] too /rongly to ass]t t e intellig5t scor]1 :o gives ! new plan a ?or\gh te/1 nev] returns to ! trials & vexations incid5t to keep+ ! tally above & bel[ ! l9e4 ,sample %eets are app5d$1 %[+ ! up-to-date scor+-blank z x appe>s at ! beg9n+ ( ! rubb]2 ! same %eet ) a rubb] scor$1 ! net totals be+ comput$ at ! end ( ea* game2 & also ) ! same rubb] scor$1 ! net totals be+ comput$ at ! end ( ea* deal4 ,"o scor] w pref] to make up 8 totals at ! end ( a game1 ano!r w elect to compute !m at ! t]m9ation ( ea* deal2 b ei!r way ! advantages ( ! score-%eet are app>5t4 ,x goes )\t say+ t any sy/em :i* all[s a play] to see at a glance1 n only ! score ( ! game1 b also ! exact /atus ( ! rubb]1 is m advantage\s ?an "o :i*1 until "s "t aft] ! rubb] is complet$1 may leave him 9 ! d>k z to :e!r he is ahead or beh9d4 ,"s play]s all[1 :e!r !y or _! oppon5ts are 9 ! lead ^u ! total score ( ! rubb]1 to affect _! decl>ations & d\bles4 ,?is practice _c be en?usia/ically comm5d$1 b all mu/ admit t = su* play]s ! new scor+ sy/em is mo/ ess5tial4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ma9ly z a labor- & "t-sav+ device t ! new plan is advocat$4 ,if any "o d\bt1 let him keep ! score ( any rubb] "u ! old me?od :ile ! same rubb] is be+ scor$ by "s "o famili> ) ! advantages ( ! new4 ,! result is sure to be mo/ conv9c+4 ,"u ! new me?od1 ! %ort sums 9 addition or subtraction are m5tally comput$1 dur+ ! deal ( ! c>ds1 etc4 ,?is occupies wa/e "t only1 & at ! end ( ! rubb]1 leaves a v simple1 frequ5tly no?+ m ?an a m5tal1 problem4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t dur+ an ev5+'s play1 at lea/ "o m rubb] c be complet$ :5 ! scor+ is conduct$ "u ! new me?od4 ,! v>i\s score-%eets1 all %[+ ! same rubb]1 foll[4 ,,sample ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,score-,,%eet ,,)\t ,,any ,,entry ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,our ,,score ,,oppon5ts' ,,score ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,tricks ,,honors ,,totals ,,totals ,,tricks ,,honors ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,sample ,,( ,,new ,,=m ,,( ,,score-,,%eet ,,%[+ ,a ,,rubb] ,,scor$ ,,) ,,net ,,totals ,,comput$ ,,at ,,end ,,( ,,ea* ,,game ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,our ,,score ,,oppon5ts' ,,score ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,tricks ,,honors ,,totals ,,totals ,,tricks ,,honors #af #cb #ah #gb ---------------------------------------- ------- #ajj #cj ---------------------------------------- ------- #fj #fj #bfh #abj 7#adh7 ---------------------------------------- ------- #baf #bff #bg #ah ---------------------------------------- ------- #bj #cj #dad #ade #dh #eb 7#bfi7 #bjj ---------------------------------------- ------- #fd #bdi #ajj ---------------------------------------- ------- #cf #eah #cef #bd #cb ---------------------------------------- ------- #ba #ef ---------------------------------------- ------- #cf #cf 7#afb7 ---------------------------------------- ------- #bej ---------------------------------------- ------- #dab ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,! score includ$ 9 ! circle is ! net total at ! end ( ea* game4 ,x is obta9$ by subtract+ ! small] score f ! l>g]2 z1 = example1 9 ! fir/ game above1 #abj f #bfh1 :i* leaves a net ( #adh4 ,if a scor] f9d x m satisfactory to subtract :5 ! figures are 9 l9e1 he c always write ! small] am\nt "u ! l>g]2 z1 = example1 ! #abj "u ! #bfh4 ,,sample ,,( ,,new ,,=m ,,( ,,score-,,%eet ,,%[+ ,,same ,,rubb] ,,scor$ ,,) ,,net ,,totals ,,comput$ ,,at ,,end ,,( ,,ea* ,,deal ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,our ,,score ,,oppon5ts' ,,score ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,tricks ,,honors ,,totals ,,totals ,,tricks ,,honors #af #cb #dh ---------------------------------------- ------- #db #ah #gb ---------------------------------------- ------- #ajj #bh #cj ---------------------------------------- ------- #fj #fj #adh ---------------------------------------- ------- #ajc #bg #ah ---------------------------------------- ------- #baf #cai ---------------------------------------- ------- #bj #cj #cfi ---------------------------------------- ------- #bfi #dh #eb ---------------------------------------- ------- #fd #acc #bjj ---------------------------------------- ------- #cf #fi #ajj ---------------------------------------- ------- #ac #bd #cb ---------------------------------------- ------- #ba #ef #ij ---------------------------------------- ------- #cf #cf #afb #bej ---------------------------------------- ------- #dab ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,all figures "u ! head ( totals are net1 & %[ at ! end ( ea* deal ! exact /atus ( ! rubb]4 ,x is also possible1 :5 ! above me?od is employ$1 to fur!r r$uce ! am\nt ( bookkeep+ by mak+ only "o entry :5ev] "o pair scores honors & ! o!r a p5alty4 ,?is me?od c\ld h be5 employ$ above1 deal #c ( game #a1 by m]ely ent]+ #gj "u ,our ,score ,honors1 & also 9 deal #b ( game #c1 by ent]+ #fd "u ,oppon5ts' ,score ,honors4 ,,sample ,,%[+ ,,same ,,rubb] ,,scor$ ,,"u ,,old ,,sy/em ,,) ,,long ,,additions ,,& ,,subtraction ,,at ,,end ,,( ,,rubb] ----------------------- ,,we ,,!y ---------------------- #cf #ef #cf #cb #fd #ajj #cj #bjj #baf #eb #fj #ah #ajj #cj #cb #gb #af #ah #fj ----------------------- #bj #bg #dh ----------------------- #ba #bd #cf #bej #fba #ajcc #fba #dab ,,! ,,score ,,( ,,! ,,rubb]s ,,is ,,be/ ,,kept ,,on ,a ,,%eet ,,( ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,"* ,,score ,,by ,,rubb]s ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,names ------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ,,total ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,%[s ,,h[ ,,?is ,,score ,,%\ld ,,be ,,kept ,,score ,,by ,,rubb]s ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,names ----- - -------------------------------- ,smi? #b #b #b #c #c #b -------------------------------- ,jones #b #b #f #e #e #f -------------------------------- ,br[n #b #e #e #d #f #f -------------------------------- ,:ite #ba #a #b ,x,x,x ,x -------------------------------- ,gre5 #ca #a #a #b -------------------------------- ,k+ #ca #a #c #d -------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,total #ddhhhhhhiiajaj ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,x is always well to total at ! end ( ea* rubb] & to note ! size ( ! rubb]4 ,^! precautions make x easy to correct mi/akes1 %\ld any occur4 ,,xi ,,! ,,laws ,9 #aijb1 "s ye>s be=e ,auction _h be5 he>d ( 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a numb] ( ! be/-kn[n clubs ( ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,bo/on1 & o!r cities 7 repres5t$ at a meet+ held 9 ,new ,york = ! purpose ( draft+ a code ( ,bridge ,laws to be us$ by ! clubs ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! s-call$ ,am]ican ,laws ( ,bridge 7 adopt$1 & duly publi%$4 ,x 0 !n expect$ t !y w\ld be univ]sally accept$4 ,9 a few mon?s1 h[ev]1 "s clubs1 includ+ sev]al t _h be5 repres5t$ at ! meet+1 f\nd t c]ta9 p5alties ( ! ,am]ican ,laws 7 n popul> ) _! memb]s4 ,"o club aft] ano!r made alt]ations or adopt$ its own code1 s t ! object 9 call+ ! meet+1 namely1 club uni=mity1 0 soon z f> z ev] f be+ atta9$4 ,gradually1 h[ev]1 ! v>i\s clubs began to recognize t ! ,:i/ ,club ( ,new ,york des]v$ to be rank$ z ! mo/ cons]vative & repres5tative c>d-play+ organization 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y realiz$ t x devot$ its att5tion entirely to c>d games1 & includ$ 9 its memb]%ip n only ! mo/ exp]t play]s ( ! metropolis1 b also ( _m o!r cities4 ,x 0 b natural1 !re=e1 t ! admirable ,bridge ,code ( ! ,:i/ ,club %\ld be accept$ by "o club aft] ano!r1 until 9 ! end ! desid]atum ( ! draft]s ( ! ,am]ican ,laws 0 virtually obta9$4 ,:51 9 #aiji-aj1 ,auction1 ) its irresi/ible attractions1 9 an incr$ibly brief space ( "t made ,bridge 9 ?is c\ntry a game ( ! pa/1 ! only ,auction laws available _h be5 draft$ 9 ,london by a jo9t committee ( ! ,portl& & ,ba? ,clubs4 ,!y 7 tak5 f ! rules ( ,bridge1 :i* 7 alt]$ only :5 necess>y to comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ! new game4 ,x is probable t ! int5t ( ! memb]s ( ! ,ba?-,portl& ,committee 0 m]ely to meet an imm$iate dem&1 & t !y expect$ to revise _! own code z soon z wid] exp]i5ce ) ! game demon/rat$ j :at 0 ne$$4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 x 0 to be expect$ t ! ,:i/ ,club ( ,new ,york w\ld promulgate a code ( ,auction laws :i* w\ld be accept$ f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific4 ,! club1 h[ev]1 did n act ha/ily1 & x 0 n until ,may1 #aiaj1 t x issu$ its fir/ edition ( ,! ,laws ( ,auction ,bridge4 ,?is 0 am5d$ 9 #aiaa1 & 9 #aiab subject$ to a mo/ ?or\gh & compreh5sive revision4 ,until ! adoption ( a national code by an ,am]ican congress ( ,auction play]s1 an ev5t n likely to occur1 x is d\btless = ! be/ int]e/ ( ,auction 9 ?is c\ntry t ! laws ( ! ,:i/ ,club ( ,new ,york be g5]ally foll[$4 ,uni=mity is mo/ important2 o!rwise1 play]s f "o city1 visit+ ano!r1 are sure to f9d local conditions :i* w1 tempor>ily at lea/1 prove some?+ ( a h&icap4 ,:5 any improvem5t is sugge/$1 :i*1 aft] due trial1 meets ) local favor1 x w\ld seem wise t su* sugge/ion1 :e!r x emanate f a club committee or an individual1 be =w>d$ to ! ,c>d ,committee ( ! ,:i/ ,club ( ,new ,york4 ,x may be au?oritatively /at$ t all su* ideas w be cordially receiv$1 ?or\ghly consid]$1 &1 if approv$1 incorporat$ 9 ! club code at its next revision4 ,app5d$ h]eto w be f\nd ,! ,laws ( ,auction ,bridge z publi%$ by ! ,:i/ ,club ( ,new ,york1 ,novemb]1 #aiab4 ,^! laws %\ld be c>efully read1 if n /udi$1 by e devotee ( ! game4 ,no matt] h[ famili> a play] may h be5 ) ! old laws1 he w f9d an exam9ation ( ! new to be advisable1 z ! *anges are bo? num]\s & important4 ,if x has n be5 8 practice to keep 9 t\* ) ,auction legislation1 he %\ld realize t a close acqua9tance ) ! code :i* gov]ns ! game he is play+ w prove mo/ b5eficial4 ,z ! laws speak = !mselves1 x is n necess>y to expla9 !m1 or ev5 to po9t out ! v>i\s alt]ations4 ,! word+ 9 _m cases has be5 mat]ially *ang$1 9 ord] to cl>ify & simplify4 ,"s p5alties t seem$ too sev]e h be5 r$uc$1 & c]ta9 modifications h be5 made :i* appe> to be 9 ! l9e ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,special att5tion is call$ to ! elim9ation ( ! law :i* prev5t$ consultation z to ! en=cem5t ( a p5alty1 & also ( ! law :i* provid$ t :5 a wrong p5alty 0 claim$1 none c\ld be en=c$4 ,! laws ref]r+ to c>ds expos$ aft] ! completion ( ! deal1 & be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! play1 h be5 mat]ially *ang$1 & ! law cov]+ insuffici5t & impossible decl>ations has be5 alt]$ & r$raft$4 ,a po9t wor?y ( special att5tion is ,law #eb ( ! ,revis$ ,code4 ,x cov]s ! case1 :i* occurs ) "s frequ5cy1 ( a play] mak+ an insuffici5t bid & correct+ x be=e action is tak5 by any o!r play]4 ,"u ! old rule1 a decl>ation once made c\ld n be alt]$1 b n[ :5 ! play] corrects himself1 z1 = example1 ,two ,he>ts--,i mean ?ree ,he>ts2 or ,two ,spades--,i %\ld say1 two ,royals1 ! prop] decl>ation is all[$ )\t p5alty4 ,! laws foll[4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,auction ,,bridge ,,! ,,rubb] #a4 ,! p>tn]s fir/ w9n+ two games w9 ! rubb]4 ,if ! fir/ two games decide ! rubb]1 a ?ird is n play$4 ,,scor+ #b4 ,a game consi/s ( ?irty po9ts obta9$ by tricks alone1 exclusive ( any po9ts c\nt$ = honors1 *icane1 slam1 little slam1 bonus or und]tricks4 #c4 ,e deal is play$ out1 & any po9ts 9 excess ( ! ?irty necess>y = ! game are c\nt$4 #d4 ,:5 ! decl>] w9s ! numb] ( tricks bid1 ea* "o above six c\nts t[>ds ! game3 two po9ts :5 spades are trumps1 six :5 clubs are trumps1 sev5 :5 diamonds are trumps1 eight :5 he>ts are trumps1 n9e :5 royal spades are trumps & t5 :5 !re are no trumps4 #e4 ,honors are ace1 k+1 que51 knave & t5 ( ! trump suit2 or ! aces :5 no trump is decl>$4 #f4 ,honors are cr$it$ 9 ! honor column to ! orig9al hold]s1 be+ valu$ z foll[s3-- ,:5 a ,trump is ,decl>$4 #c honors held betwe5 p>tn]s equal value ( #b tricks4 #d #d #e #e #d 9 #a h& #h #d #a #e? 9 #i #e #a p>tn]'s h& #aj ,:5 no ,trump is ,decl>$4 #c aces held betwe5 p>tn]s c\nt #cj #d #dj #d 9 "o h& #ajj #g4 ,slam is made :5 sev5 by c>ds is scor$ by ei!r side1 indep5d5tly ( tricks tak5 z p5alty = ! revoke2 x adds =ty po9ts to ! honor c\nt4#bd #bd ,law #hd prohibits ! revok+ side f scor+ slam or little slam4 #h4 ,little slam is made :5 six by c>ds is simil>ly scor$2 x adds tw5ty po9ts to ! honor c\nt4#be #be ,law #hd prohibits ! revok+ side f scor+ slam or little slam4 #i4 ,*icane 7"o h& void ( trumps7 is equal 9 value to simple honors1 i4e41 if ! p>tn]s1 "o ( :om has *icane1 score honors1 x adds ! value ( ?ree honors to _! honor score2 if ! adv]s>ies score honors x d$ucts t value f !irs4 ,d\ble *icane 7bo? h&s void ( trumps7 is equal 9 value to f\r honors1 & t value mu/ be d$uct$ f ! honor score ( ! adv]s>ies4 #aj4 ,! value ( honors1 slam1 little slam or *icane1 is n affect$ by d\bl+ or r$\bl+4 #aa4 ,at ! conclusion ( a rubb] ! trick & honor scores ( ea* side are add$1 & two hundr$ & fifty po9ts add$ to ! score ( ! w9n]s4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! complet$ scores is ! numb] ( po9ts ( ! rubb]4 #ab4 ,a prov5 error 9 ! honor score may be correct$ at any "t be=e ! score ( ! rubb] has be5 made up & agre$ ^u4 #ac4 ,a prov5 error 9 ! trick score may be correct$ prior to ! conclusion ( ! game 9 :i* x occurr$4 ,su* game %all n be consid]$ conclud$ until a decl>ation has be5 made 9 ! foll[+ game1 or if x be ! f9al game ( ! rubb]1 until ! score has be5 made up & agre$ ^u4 ,,cutt+ #ad4 ,9 cutt+1 ! ace is ! l[e/ c>d2 z betwe5 c>ds ( o!rwise equal value1 ! l[e/ is ! he>t1 next ! diamond1 next ! club1 & highe/ ! spade4 #ae4 ,e play] mu/ cut f ! same pack4 #af4 ,%\ld a play] expose m ?an "o c>d1 ! highe/ is 8 cut4 ,,=m+ ,,tables #ag4 ,! prior "r ( play+ is ) ^? fir/ 9 ! room4 ,if !re are m ?an f\r c&idates ( equal /&+1 ! privilege ( play+ is decid$ by cutt+4 ,! f\r :o cut ! l[e/ c>ds play fir/4 #ah4 ,aft] ! table is =m$ ! play]s cut to decide ^u p>tn]s1 ! two l[] play+ aga9/ ! two high]4 ,! l[e/ is ! deal] :o has *oice ( c>ds & seats1 & :o1 hav+ made 8 selection1 mu/ abide by x4 #ai4 ,six play]s con/itute a complete table4 #bj4 ,! "r to succe$ any play] :o may retire is acquir$ by ann\nc+ ! desire to d s1 & su* ann\ncem5t %all con/itute a prior "r to ! fir/ vacancy4 ,,cutt+ ,,out #ba4 ,if1 at ! end ( a rubb]1 admission is claim$ by "o or two c&idates1 ! play] or play]s hav+ play$ ! greate/ numb] ( consecutive rubb]s %all )draw2 b :5 all h play$ ! same numb]1 !y mu/ cut to decide ^u ! outgo]s2 ! highe/ are out4#bf #bf ,see ,law #ad z to value ( c>ds 9 cutt+4 ,,"r ,,( ,,entry #bb4 ,a c&idate desir+ to ent] a table mu/ decl>e 8 int5tion be=e any play] at ! table cuts a c>d1 :e!r = ! purpose ( beg9n+ a new rubb] or ( cutt+ out4 #bc4 ,9 ! =mation ( new tables c&idates :o h n play$ at any exi/+ table h ! prior "r ( entry4 ,o!rs decide _! "r to admission by cutt+4 #bd4 ,:5 "o or m play]s belong+ to an exi/+ table aid 9 mak+ up a new "o he or !y %all be ! la/ to cut out4 #be4 ,a play] :o cuts into "o table1 :ile belong+ to ano!r1 =feits 8 prior "r ( re5try into ! latt]1 unless he has help$ to =m a new table4 ,9 ?is ev5t he may signify 8 int5tion ( return+ to 8 orig9al table :5 8 place at ! new "o c be fill$4 #bf4 ,%\ld any play] leave a table dur+ ! progress ( a rubb]1 he may1 ) ! cons5t ( ! ?ree o!rs1 appo9t a sub/itute to play dur+ 8 abs5ce2 b su* appo9tm5t %all become void ^u ! conclusion ( ! rubb]1 & %all n 9 any way affect ! sub/itute's rights4 #bg4 ,if any play] break up a table ! o!rs h a prior "r else:]e4 ,,%uffl+ #bh4 ,! pack mu/ n be %uffl$ bel[ ! table nor s t ! face ( any c>d may be se54 #bi4 ,! deal]'s p>tn] mu/ collect ! c>ds f ! prec$+ deal & has ! "r to %uffle fir/4 ,ea* play] has ! "r to %uffle subsequ5tly4 ,! deal] has ! "r to %uffle la/2 b1 %\ld a c>d or c>ds be se5 dur+ 8 %uffl+1 or :ile giv+ ! pack to be cut1 he mu/ re-%uffle4 #cj4 ,aft] %uffl+1 ! c>ds prop]ly collect$ mu/ be plac$ face d[nw>d to ! left ( ! next deal]1 :]e !y mu/ rema9 unt\*$ until ! play ) ! o!r pack is f9i%$4 ,,! ,,deal #ca4 ,ea* play] deals 9 8 turn2 ! ord] ( deal+ is to ! left4 #cb4 ,! play] on ! deal]'s "r cuts ! pack1 & 9 divid+ x he mu/ leave n few] ?an f\r c>ds 9 ea* packet2 if 9 cutt+ or 9 replac+ "o ( ! two packets a c>d is expos$1 or if !re is any confusion or d\bt z to ! exact place 9 :i* ! pack 0 divid$1 !re mu/ be a fre% cut4 #cc4 ,:5 ! play] ^: duty x is to cut has once sep>at$ ! pack1 he c nei!r re-%uffle nor re-cut1 except z provid$ 9 ,law #cb4 #cd4 ,%\ld ! deal] %uffle ! c>ds aft] ! cut1 ! pack mu/ be cut aga94 #ce4 ,! fifty-two c>ds %all be dealt face d[nw>d4 ,! deal is n complet$ until ! la/ c>d has be5 dealt4 #cf4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a misdeal ! c>ds mu/ be dealt aga9 by ! same play]4 ,a ,,new ,,deal #cg4 ,!re mu/ be a new deal-- a ,if ! c>ds are n dealt into f\r packets1 "o at a "t & 9 regul> rotation1 beg9n+ at ! deal]'s left4 b ,if1 dur+ a deal1 or dur+ ! play1 ! pack is prov5 incorrect or imp]fect4 c ,if any c>d is fac$ 9 ! pack or is expos$ dur+ ! deal on1 above or bel[ ! table4 d ,if any play] has dealt to him a great] numb] ( c>ds ?an ?irte51 :e!r discov]$ be=e or dur+ ! play4 e ,if ! deal] deal two c>ds at once & !n deal a ?ird be=e correct+ ! error4 f ,if ! deal] omit to h ! pack cut & ei!r adv]s>y calls att5tion to ! fact prior to ! completion ( ! deal & be=e ei!r adv]s>y has look$ at any ( 8 c>ds4 g ,if ! la/ c>d does n come 9 its regul> ord] to ! deal]4 #ch4 ,%\ld ?ree play]s h _! "r numb] ( c>ds1 ! f\r?1 less1 & n discov] su* defici5cy until he has play$1 ! deal /&s2 he1 n be+ dummy1 is answ]able = any e/abli%$ revoke he may h made z if ! miss+ c>d or c>ds _h be5 9 8 h&4 ,any play] may se>* ! o!r pack = x or !m4 #ci4 ,if1 dur+ ! play1 a pack be prov5 incorrect1 su* pro( r5d]s ! curr5t deal void b does n affect any prior score4 7,see ,law #cg b47 ,if dur+ or at ! conclusion ( ! play "o play] be f\nd to hold m ?an ! prop] numb] ( c>ds & ano!r h an equal numb] less1 ! deal is void4 #dj4 ,a play] deal+ out ( turn or ) ! adv]s>ies' c>ds may be correct$ be=e ! la/ c>d is dealt1 o!rwise ! deal mu/ /&1 & ! game proce$ z if ! deal _h be5 correct1 ! play] to 8 left deal+ ! next h&4 ,a play] :o has look$ at any ( 8 c>ds may n correct su* deal1 nor may 8 p>tn]4 #da4 ,a play] c nei!r cut1 %uffle nor deal = 8 p>tn] )\t ! p]mission ( 8 adv]s>ies4 ,,decl>+ ,,trumps #db4 ,! deal]1 hav+ exam9$ 8 h&1 mu/ decl>e to w9 at lea/ "o odd trick1 ei!r ) a decl>$ suit1 or at no trumps4 #dc4 ,aft] ! deal] has made 8 decl>ation1 ea* play] 9 turn1 comm5c+ ) ! play] on ! deal]'s left1 has ! "r to pass1 to make a high] decl>ation1 to d\ble ! la/ decl>ation made1 or to r$\ble a decl>ation :i* has be5 d\bl$1 subject to ! provisions ( ,law #ed4 #dd4 ,a decl>ation ( a great] numb] ( tricks 9 a suit ( l[] value1 :i* equals ! la/ decl>ation 9 value ( po9ts1 %all be consid]$ a high] decl>ation--e4g41 a decl>ation ( ,?ree ,spades is a high] decl>ation ?an ,"o ,club4 #de4 ,a play] 9 8 turn may ov]bid ! previ\s adv]se decl>ation any numb] ( times1 & may also ov]bid 8 p>tn]1 b he _c ov]bid 8 own decl>ation :i* has be5 pass$ by ! ?ree o!rs4 #df4 ,! play] :o makes ! f9al decl>ation %all play ! comb9$ h&s ( himself & 8 p>tn] 7! latt] becom+ dummy71 unless ! w9n+ suit 0 fir/ bid by ! p>tn]1 9 :i* case he1 no matt] :at bids h int]v5$ %all play ! h&4 #dg4 ,:5 ! play] ( ! two h&s 7h]e9aft] t]m$ ! decl>]7 w9s at lea/ z _m tricks z he decl>$1 he scores ! full value ( ! tricks won 7see ,laws #d & #f74 ,:5 he fails1 nei!r ! decl>] nor 8 adv]s>ies score any?+ t[>ds ! game1 b 8 adv]s>ies score 9 ! honor column fifty po9ts = ea* "u-trick--i4e41 ea* trick %ort ( ! numb] decl>$2 or1 if ! decl>ation has be5 d\bl$1 or r$\bl$1 "o hundr$ or two hundr$ respectively = ea* su* trick4 #dh4 ,! loss on ! orig9al decl>ation by ! deal] ( ,"o ,spade is limit$ to "o hundr$ po9ts :e!r d\bl$ or n1 unless r$\bl$4 ,honors are scor$ z held4 #di4 ,if a play] make a decl>ation 7o!r ?an pass+7 out ( turn1 ei!r adv]s>y may dem& a new deal1 or may all[ ! decl>ation s made to /&1 9 :i* case ! bidd+ %all cont9ue z if ! decl>ation _h be5 9 ord]4 #ej4 ,if a play] make an insuffici5t or impossible decl>ation ei!r adv]s>y may dem& t x be p5aliz$1 provid$ su* dem& be made be=e an adv]s>y has pass$1 d\bl$ or decl>$4 ,9 case ( an insuffici5t decl>ation ! p5alty is t ! decl>] mu/ make 8 bid suffici5t & 8 p>tn] is deb>r$ f mak+ any fur!r decl>ation unless an adv]s>y subsequ5tly bids or d\bles4 ,9 case ( an impossible decl>ation ! p5alty is t ! decl>] is consid]$ to h bid to take all ! tricks & 8 p>tn] _c fur!r decl>e unless an adv]s>y subsequ5tly bids or d\bles4 ,ei!r adv]s>y1 in/ead ( accept+ ! impossible decl>ation1 may dem& a new deal or may treat 8 own or 8 p>tn]'s la/ previ\s decl>ation z f9al4 #ea4 ,if1 aft] ! f9al decl>ation has be5 made1 an adv]s>y ( ! decl>] give 8 p>tn] any in=mation z to any previ\s decl>ation1 :e!r made by himself or an adv]s>y1 ! decl>] may call a lead f ! adv]s>y ^: next turn x is to lead2 b a play] is entitl$ to inquire1 at any "t dur+ ! play ( ! h&1 :at 0 ! f9al decl>ation4 #eb4 ,a decl>ation legitimately made _c be alt]$ aft] ! next play] has pass$1 decl>$ or d\bl$4 ,prior to su* action by ! next play]1 a decl>ation inadv]t5tly made may be correct$4 ,,d\bl+ ,,& ,,r$\bl+ #ec4 ,! effect ( d\bl+ & r$\bl+ is t ! value ( ea* trick ov] six is d\bl$ or quadrupl$1 z provid$ 9 ,law #d2 b x does n alt] ! value ( a decl>ation--e4g41 a decl>ation ( ,?ree ,clubs is high] ?an ,two ,royal ,spades ev5 if ! ,royal ,spade decl>ation has be5 d\bl$4 #ed4 ,any decl>ation c be d\bl$ & r$\bl$ once1 b n m2 a play] _c d\ble 8 p>tn]'s decl>ation1 nor r$\ble 8 p>tn]'s d\ble1 b he may r$\ble a decl>ation ( 8 p>tn] :i* has be5 d\bl$ by an adv]s>y4 #ee4 ,! act ( d\bl+1 or r$\bl+1 reop5s ! bidd+4 ,:5 a decl>ation has be5 d\bl$ or r$\bl$1 any play]1 includ+ ! decl>] or 8 p>tn]1 c 9 8 prop] turn make a fur!r decl>ation ( high] value4 #ef4 ,:5 a play] ^: decl>ation has be5 d\bl$ w9s ! decl>$ numb] ( tricks1 he scores a bonus ( fifty po9ts 9 ! honor column1 & a fur!r fifty po9ts = ea* additional trick4 ,if he or 8 p>tn] has r$\bl$1 ! bonus is d\bl$4 #eg4 ,if a play] d\ble out ( turn1 ei!r adv]s>y may dem& a new deal4 #eh4 ,:5 ! f9al decl>ation has be5 made ! play %all beg91 & ! play] on ! left ( ! decl>] %all lead4 ,,dummy #ei4 ,z soon z ! play] to ! left ( ! decl>] has l$1 ! decl>]'s p>tn] %all place 8 c>ds face upw>d on ! table1 & ! duty ( play+ ! c>ds f t h& %all devolve ^u ! decl>]4 #fj4 ,be=e plac+ 8 c>ds ^u ! table ! decl>]'s p>tn] has all ! rights ( a play]1 b aft] s do+ takes no "p :atev] 9 ! play1 except t he has ! "r3-- a ,to ask ! decl>] :e!r he has any ( a suit 9 :i* he has r5\nc$2 b ,to call ! decl>]'s att5tion to ! fact t too _m or too few c>ds h be5 play$ to a trick2 c ,to correct ! claim ( ei!r adv]s>y to a p5alty to :i* ! latt] is n entitl$2 d ,to call att5tion to ! fact t a trick has be5 errone\sly tak5 by ei!r side2 e ,to p>ticipate 9 ! discussion ( any disput$ "q ( fact aft] x has aris5 betwe5 ! decl>] & ei!r adv]s>y2 f ,to correct an errone\s score4 #fa4 ,%\ld ! decl>]'s p>tn] call att5tion to any o!r incid5t ( ! play 9 consequ5ce ( :i* any p5alty might h be5 exact$1 ! decl>] is preclud$ f exact+ su* p5alty4 #fb4 ,if ! decl>]'s p>tn]1 by t\*+ a c>d or o!rwise1 sugge/ ! play ( a c>d f dummy1 ei!r adv]s>y may call ^u ! decl>] to play or n play ! c>d sugge/$4 #fc4 ,dummy is n liable to ! p5alty = a revoke2 if he revoke & ! error be n discov]$ until ! trick is turn$ & quitt$1 :e!r by ! rightful w9n]s or n1 ! trick mu/ /&4 #fd4 ,a c>d f ! decl>]'s own h& is n play$ until actually quitt$2 b %\ld he "n or t\* a c>d 9 ! dummy1 su* c>d is consid]$ z play$ unless he1 9 t\*+ ! c>d1 say1 ,i arrange1 or words to t effect4 ,if he simultane\sly t\* two or m su* c>ds1 he may elect :i* "o to play4 ,,c>ds ,,expos$ ,,be=e ,,play #fe4 ,if1 aft] ! c>ds h be5 dealt1 & be=e ! trump decl>ation has be5 f9ally det]m9$1 any play] lead or expose a c>d1 ! p>tn] ( ! (f5d+ play] may n make any fur!r bid or d\ble dur+ t h&1 & ! c>d is subject to call4 ,:5 ! p>tn] ( ! (f5d+ play] is ! orig9al lead]1 ! decl>] may prohibit ! suit ( ! expos$ c>d be+ ! initial lead4 #ff4 ,if1 aft] ! f9al decl>ation has be5 made & be=e a c>d is l$1 ! p>tn] ( ! lead] to ! fir/ trick expose a c>d1 ! decl>] may1 9 addition to call+ ! c>d1 prohibit ! lead ( ! suit ( ! expos$ c>d2 %\ld ! rightful lead] expose a c>d x is subject to call4 ,,c>ds ,,expos$ ,,dur+ ,,play #fg4 ,all c>ds expos$ aft] ! orig9al lead by ! decl>]'s adv]s>ies are liable to be call$1 & su* c>ds mu/ be left face upw>d on ! table4 #fh4 ,! foll[+ are expos$ c>ds3-- #a/4 ,two or m c>ds play$ at once4 #b;d4 ,any c>d dropp$ ) its face upw>d on ! table1 ev5 ?\gh snat*$ up s quickly t x _c be nam$4 #c;d4 ,any c>d s held by a play] t 8 p>tn] sees any portion ( its face4 #d?4 ,any c>d m5tion$ by ei!r adv]s>y z be+ held by him or 8 p>tn]4 #fi4 ,a c>d dropp$ on ! floor or else:]e bel[ ! table or s held t an adv]s>y b n ! p>tn] sees x1 is n an expos$ c>d4 #gj4 ,if two or m c>ds are play$ at once by ei!r ( ! decl>]'s adv]s>ies1 ! decl>] %all h ! "r to call any "o ( su* c>ds to ! curr5t trick1 & ! o!r c>d or c>ds are expos$4 #ga4 ,if1 )\t wait+ = 8 p>tn] to play1 ei!r ( ! decl>]'s adv]s>ies play or lead a w9n+ c>d1 z aga9/ ! decl>] & dummy1 & cont9ue 7)\t wait+ = 8 p>tn] to play7 to lead sev]al su* c>ds1 ! decl>] may dem& t ! p>tn] ( ! play] 9 fault w91 if he c1 ! fir/ or any o!r ( ^! tricks1 & ! o!r c>ds ?us improp]ly play$ are expos$ c>ds4 #gb4 ,if ei!r or bo? ( ! decl>]'s adv]s>ies ?r[ 8 or _! c>ds on ! table face upw>d1 su* c>ds are expos$ & are liable to be call$2 b if ei!r adv]s>y reta9 8 h& he _c be =c$ to ab&on x4 ,c>ds expos$ by ! decl>] are n liable to be call$4 ,if ! decl>] say1 ,i h ! re/1 or any o!r words indicat+ t ! rema9+ tricks or any numb] !re( are 81 he may be requir$ to place 8 c>ds face upw>d on ! table4 ,8 adv]s>ies are n liable to h any ( _! c>ds call$ %\ld !y !reupon expose !m4 #gc4 ,if a play] :o has r5d]$ himself liable to h ! highe/ or l[e/ ( a suit call$ 7,laws #hj1 #hf & #ib7 fail to play z direct$1 or if1 :5 call$ on to lead "o suit he lead ano!r1 hav+ 9 8 h& "o or m c>ds ( ! suit dem&$ 7,laws #gf & #ic71 or if1 call$ ^u to w9 or lose a trick1 fail to d s :5 he c 7,laws #ga1 #hj & #ib71 or if1 :5 call$ ^u n to play a suit1 fail to play z direct$ 7,laws #fe & #ff71 he is liable to ! p5alty = revoke1 unless su* play be correct$ be=e ! trick is turn$ & quitt$4 #gd4 ,a play] _c be compell$ to play a c>d :i* w\ld oblige him to revoke4 #ge4 ,! call ( an expos$ c>d may be repeat$ until su* c>d has be5 play$4 ,,leads ,,out ,,( ,,turn #gf4 ,if ei!r ( ! decl>]'s adv]s>ies lead out ( turn ! decl>] may ei!r treat ! c>d s l$ z an expos$ c>d or may call a suit z soon z x is ! turn ( ei!r adv]s>y to lead4 #gg4 ,if ! decl>] lead out ( turn1 ei!r f 8 own h& or f dummy1 he incurs no p5alty2 b he may n rectify ! error aft] ! second h& has play$4 #gh4 ,if any play] lead out ( turn & ! ?ree o!rs foll[1 ! trick is complete & ! error _c be rectifi$2 b if only ! second1 or second & ?ird play to ! false lead1 _! c>ds may be tak5 back2 !re is no p5alty aga9/ any except ! orig9al (f5d]1 :o1 if he be "o ( ! decl>]'s adv]s>ies1 may be p5aliz$ z provid$ 9 ,law #gf4 #gi4 ,if a play] call$ on to lead a suit has none ( x1 ! p5alty is paid4 ,,c>ds ,,play$ ,,9 ,,error #hj4 ,%\ld ! f\r? h&1 n be+ dummy or decl>]1 play be=e ! second1 ! latt] may be call$ ^u to play 8 highe/ or l[e/ c>d ( ! suit play$1 or to w9 or lose ! trick4 #ha4 ,if any "o1 n be+ dummy1 omit play+ to a trick & su* error is n correct$ until he has play$ to ! next1 ! adv]s>ies or ei!r ( !m may claim a new deal2 %\ld ei!r decide t ! deal is to /&1 ! surplus c>d at ! end ( ! h& is consid]$ to h be5 play$ to ! imp]fect trick1 b does n con/itute a revoke !re94 #hb4 ,:5 any "o1 except dummy1 plays two or m c>ds to ! same trick & ! mi/ake is n correct$1 he is answ]able = any consequ5t revokes he may h made4 ,:5 dur+ ! play ! error is detect$1 ! tricks may be c\nt$ face d[nw>d1 to see if any conta9 m ?an f\r c>ds2 %\ld ?is be ! case1 ! trick :i* conta9s a surplus c>d or c>ds may be exam9$ & ! c>d or c>ds re/or$ to ! orig9al hold]1 :o 7n be+ dummy7 %all be liable = any revoke he may mean:ile h made4 ,,! ,,revoke#bg #hc4 ,a revoke occurs :5 a play]1 o!r ?an dummy1 hold+ "o or m c>ds ( ! suit l$1 plays a c>d ( a diff]5t suit4 ,x becomes an e/abli%$ revoke if ! trick 9 :i* x occurs is turn$ & quitt$ by ! rightful w9n]s 7i4e41 ! h& remov$ f ! trick aft] x has be5 turn$ face d[nw>d on ! table72 or if ei!r ! revok+ play] or 8 p>tn]1 :e!r 9 turn or o!rwise1 lead or play to ! foll[+ trick4 #bg ,see ,law #gc4 #hd4 ,! p5alty = ea* e/abli%$ revoke is3-- 7a7 ,:5 ! decl>] revokes1 8 adv]s>ies add #aej po9ts to _! score 9 ! honor column1 9 addition to any p5alty :i* he may h incurr$ = n mak+ good 8 decl>ation4 7b7 ,if ei!r ( ! adv]s>ies revoke1 ! decl>] may ei!r add #aej po9ts to 8 score 9 ! honor column1 or may take ?ree tricks f 8 oppon5ts & add !m to 8 own4 ,su* tricks may assi/ ! decl>] to make good 8 decl>ation1 b %all n entitle him to score any bonus 9 ! honor column1 9 ! case ( ! decl>ation hav+ be5 d\bl$ or re-d\bl$4 7c7 ,:5 m ?an "o revoke is made by ! same side dur+ ! play ( ! h& ! p5alty = ea* revoke aft] ! fir/1 %all be #ajj po9ts 9 ! honor column4 ,a revok+ side _c score1 except = honors or *icane4 #he4 ,a play] may ask 8 p>tn] if he has a c>d ( ! suit :i* he has r5\nc$2 %\ld ! "q be ask$ be=e ! trick is turn$ & quitt$1 subsequ5t turn+ & quitt+ does n e/abli% a revoke1 & ! error may be correct$ unless ! "q is answ]$ 9 ! negative1 or unless ! revok+ play] or 8 p>tn] has l$ or play$ to ! foll[+ trick4 #hf4 ,if a play] correct 8 mi/ake 9 "t to save a revoke1 any play] or play]s :o h foll[$ him may )draw _! c>ds & sub/itute o!rs1 & ! c>ds s )drawn are n expos$4 ,if ! play] 9 fault is "o ( ! decl>]'s adv]s>ies1 ! c>d play$ 9 error is expos$ & ! decl>] may call x :5ev] he pleases2 or he may require ! (f5d] to play 8 highe/ or l[e/ c>d ( ! suit to ! trick1 b ?is p5alty _c be exact$ f ! decl>]4 #hg4 ,at ! end ( a h& ! claimants ( a revoke may se>* all ! tricks4 ,if ! c>ds h be5 mix$ ! claim may be urg$ & prov$ if possible2 b no pro( is necess>y & ! claim is e/abli%$ if1 aft] x has be5 made1 ! accus$ play] or 8 p>tn] mix ! c>ds be=e !y h be5 suffici5tly exam9$ by ! adv]s>ies4 #hh4 ,a revoke mu/ be claim$ be=e ! c>ds h be5 cut = ! foll[+ deal4 #hi4 ,%\ld bo? sides revoke1 ! only score p]mitt$ %all be = honors 9 trumps or *icane4 ,if "o side revoke m ?an once1 ! p5alty ( #ajj po9ts = ea* extra revoke %all !n be scor$ by ! o!r side4 ,,g5]al ,,rules #ij4 ,once a trick is complete1 turn$ & quitt$1 x mu/ n be look$ at 7except "u ,law #hb7 until ! end ( ! h&4 #ia4 ,any play] dur+ ! play ( a trick or aft] ! f\r c>ds are play$1 & be=e !y are t\*$ = ! purpose ( ga!r+ !m toge!r1 may dem& t ! c>ds be plac$ be=e _! respective play]s4 #ib4 ,if ei!r ( ! decl>]'s adv]s>ies1 prior to 8 p>tn] play+1 call att5tion to ! trick1 ei!r by say+ x is 81 or )\t be+ reque/$ s to d1 by nam+ 8 c>d or draw+ x t[>ds him1 ! decl>] may require su* p>tn] to play 8 highe/ or l[e/ c>d ( ! suit l$1 or to w9 or lose ! trick4 #ic4 ,ei!r ( ! decl>]'s adv]s>ies may call 8 p>tn]'s att5tion to ! fact t he is ab\t to play or lead out ( turn2 b if1 dur+ ! play ( a h&1 he make any unau?oriz$ ref]5ce to any incid5t ( ! play1 or ( any bid previ\sly made1 ! decl>] may call a suit f ! adv]s>y ^: turn x is next to lead4 #id4 ,9 all cases :]e a p5alty has be5 incurr$ ! (f5d] is b\nd to give reasonable "t = ! decision ( 8 adv]s>ies4 ,,new ,,c>ds #ie4 ,unless a pack is imp]fect1 no play] %all h ! "r to call = "o new pack4 ,if fre% c>ds are dem&$1 two packs mu/ be furni%$4 ,if !y are produc$ dur+ a rubb]1 ! adv]s>ies %all h ! *oice ( ! new c>ds4 ,if x is ! beg9n+ ( a new rubb]1 ! deal]1 :e!r he or "o ( 8 adv]s>ies is ! p>ty call+ = ! new c>ds1 %all h ! *oice4 ,new c>ds mu/ be call$ = be=e ! pack is cut = a new deal4 #if4 ,a c>d or c>ds torn or m>k$ mu/ be replac$ by agreem5t or new c>ds furni%$4 ,,by/&]s #ig4 ,:ile a by/&]1 by agreem5t among ! play]s1 may decide any "q1 he %\ld n say any?+ unless appeal$ to2 & if he make any rem>k :i* calls att5tion to an ov]sight affect+ ! score1 or to ! exaction ( a p5alty1 he is liable to be call$ ^u by ! play]s to pay ! /akes 7n extras7 lo/4 ,,etiquette ,,( ,,auction ,,bridge ,9 ,auction ,bridge slight intimations convey mu* in=mation4 ,a code is compil$ = ! purpose ( succ9ctly /at+ laws & = fix+ p5alties = an (f5se4 ,to (f5d aga9/ etiquette is f> m s]i\s ?an to (f5d aga9/ a law2 =1 :ile 9 ! latt] case ! (f5d] is subject to ! prescrib$ p5alties1 9 ! =m] 8 adv]s>ies h no r$ress4 #a4 ,decl>ations %\ld be made 9 a simple mann]1 ?us3 ,"o ,he>t1 "o ,no-trump1 or ,i pass1 or ,i d\ble2 !y %\ld be made orally & n by ge/ure4 #b4 ,aside f 8 legitimate decl>ation1 a play] %\ld n give any indication by ^w or ge/ure z to ! nature ( 8 h&1 or z to 8 pleasure or displeasure at a play1 a bid or a d\ble4 #c4 ,if a play] dem& t ! c>ds be plac$1 he %\ld d s = 8 own in=mation & n to call 8 p>tn]'s att5tion to any c>d or play4 #d4 ,no play]1 o!r ?an ! decl>]1 %\ld lead until ! prec$+ trick is turn$ & quitt$2 nor1 aft] hav+ l$ a w9n+ c>d1 %\ld he draw ano!r f 8 h& be=e 8 p>tn] has play$ to ! curr5t trick4 #e4 ,a play] %\ld n play a c>d ) su* emphasis z to draw att5tion to x4 ,nor %\ld he deta* "o c>d f 8 h& & subsequ5tly play ano!r4 #f4 ,a play] %\ld n purposely incur a p5alty because he is will+ to pay x1 nor %\ld he make a second revoke to conceal a fir/4 #g4 ,play]s %\ld avoid discussion & refra9 f talk+ dur+ ! play1 z x may be annoy+ to play]s at ! table or to ^? at o!r tables 9 ! room4 #h4 ,! dummy %\ld n leave 8 seat = ! purpose ( wat*+ 8 p>tn]'s play1 nei!r %\ld he call att5tion to ! score nor to any c>d or c>ds t he or ! o!r play]s hold1 nor to any bid previ\sly made4 #i4 ,if a play] say ,i h ! re/1 or any words indicat+ ! rema9+ tricks are 81 & "o or bo? ( ! o!r play]s %\ld expose 8 or _! c>ds1 or reque/ him to play out ! h&1 he %\ld n all[ any in=mation s obta9$ to influ5ce 8 play nor take any f9esse n ann\nc$ by him at ! "t ( mak+ su* claim1 unless x _h be5 previ\sly prov5 to be a w9n]4 #aj4 ,if a play] conc$e 9 error "o or m tricks1 ! concession %\ld /&4 #aa4 ,a play] hav+ be5 cut out ( "o table %\ld n seek admission into ano!r unless will+ to cut = ! privilege ( entry4 #ab4 ,no play] %\ld look at any ( 8 c>ds until ! deal is complet$4 ,,decisions ,,by ,,! ,,c>d ,,committee ,,( ,,! ,,:i/ ,,club ,,( ,,new ,,york ,s9ce ! adoption ( ! =ego+ code1 ! ,c>d ,committee ( ! ,:i/ ,club ( ,new ,york has r5d]$ ! foll[+ decisions1 int]pret+ c]ta9 laws t h caus$ discussion4 ,! cases 9 "q h aris5 9 v>i\s localities1--,numb] #f1 = example1 com+ f ,/4 ,l\is1 ,numb] #g f ,nor!rn ,new ,york1 & ,numb] #h f ,mexico4 ,,case #a ,a bids out ( turn4 ,y & ,z consult z to :e!r !y %all all[ ! decl>ation to /& or dem& a new deal4 ,b claims t1 by reason ( ! consultation1 ! "r to en=ce a p5alty is lo/4 ,,decision ,rule #di does n prohibit consultation4 ,x provides t ei!r adv]s>y may dem& a new deal or all[ ! decl>ation to /&4 ,?is obvi\sly only means t ! decision fir/ made by ei!r %all be f9al4 ,! old law prohibit+ consultation has be5 /rick5 f ! code1 & ! action seems wise1 z su* a "q z1 ,w y en=ce ! p5alty1 or %all ,i8 is really a consultation1 & consequ5tly an evasion ( ! law4 ,!re does n seem to be any s\nd reason = prev5t+ p>tn]s entitl$ to a p5alty or *oice ( p5alties f consult+1 & z ! laws at pres5t /&1 !re is unque/ionably no?+ prohibit+ x4 ,b's claim1 !re=e1 is n all[$4 ,,case #b ,a bids two ,he>ts1 ,y bids two ,diamonds1--,b dem&s t ! ,y decl>ation be made suffici5t4 ,y says1 ,i correct my decl>ation to ?ree ,diamonds4 ,b passes1 ,z bids ?ree ,no-trumps4 ,a claims t ,z has no "r to bid4 ,,decision ,law #ej provides t 9 case ( an insuffici5t decl>ation 444 ! p>tn] is deb>r$ f mak+ any fur!r decl>ation4 ,?is exactly cov]s ! case 9 "q4 ,true x is t ,law #eb provides t1 prior to ! next play] pass+1 decl>+1 or d\bl+1 a decl>ation inadv]t5tly made may be correct$4 ,! obvi\s int5t ( ?is law is t x %all apply :5 a play] says1 ,two ,diamonds--,i mean1 ?ree ,diamonds2 or1 ,two ,spades--,i mean two ,royals2 & t su* correction %all be all[$ )\t p5alty if ! decl>ation has really be5 inadv]t5tly made & nei!r adv]s>y has tak5 any action :atev]4 ,we int]pret #eb by read+ into x ! additional words1 or ei!r adv]s>y calls att5tion to ! insuffici5t decl>ation4 ,! con/ruction put ^u #eb by ,y w\ld result 9 nullify+ a mo/ important "p ( #ej4 ,! claim ( ,a is su/a9$4 ,,case #c ,at ! conclusion ( ! play ! c>ds are turn$ face d[nw>d prep>atory to ! next deal4 ,x is !n discov]$ t ! pack conta9s two ,que5s ( ,clubs & no ,knave ( ,clubs4 ,! score has be5 claim$ & admitt$1 b n record$4 ,is ! deal :i* has j be5 complet$1 void8 ,,decision ,rule #ci provides t ,if1 dur+ ! play1 a pack be prov5 incorrect1 su* pro( r5d]s ! curr5t deal void1 b does n affect any prior score4 ,curr5t may be def9$ z 9 actual progress1 belong+ to ! "t imm$iately pass+4 ,x seems cle>1 !re=e1 t z ! discov]y ( ! imp]fection did n occur dur+ ! curr5t deal1 ! result ( x becomes a prior score1 :i* "u ! t]ms ( ! rule is n affect$4 ,,case #d ,a play] belong+ to "o table expresses 8 desire to ent] ano!r1 & cuts 94 ,at ! end ( ! rubb] he claims t he is n oblig$ to cut ) ! o!rs4 ,,decision ,rule #bd provides t ,:5 "o or m play]s belong+ to an exi/+ table aid 9 mak+ up a new "o1 he or !y %all be ! la/ to cut out4 ,?is rule applies only :5 a play] leaves an exi/+ table to help make up ano!r1 :51 )\t him1 !re w\ld n be f\r play]s = ! new table4 ,:5 a play] leaves a table & cuts into ano!r1 8 pres5ce n be+ requir$ to complete ! table he ent]s1 he has ! same /&+ z ! o!rs at t table4 ,,case #e ,a play] belong+ to "o table expresses 8 desire to jo9 ano!r1 cuts = ! privilege ( ent]+ 9 accordance ) ,rule #bc1 & fails to cut 94 ,at ! end ( ! rubb]1 mu/ he cut aga98 ,,decision ,by 8 fir/ cut he lo/ 8 rights at 8 =m] table & became a memb] ( ! new table2 at ! end ( ! rubb] he has ! "r to ent] )\t cutt+4 ,,case #f ,! bidd+ 9 an ,auction deal 0 z foll[s3-- #a/ #b;d #c;d ,r\nd ,r\nd ,r\nd ,nor? #c ,royals ,r$\ble ,d\ble ,ea/ ,no ,no ,no ,s\? #d ,he>ts ,no ,d\ble ,we/ ,d\ble #f ,clubs ,claims new deal ,! deal 0 play$ & result$ 9 ! ,decl>] tak+ six tricks1 a loss ( #fjj4 ,! "q is :e!r ,we/'s claim %\ld be su/a9$ or ?is score c\nt$1 x be+ a "p ( ! case /at$ t ! decl>ation :i* 0 ! subject ( compla9t 0 made inadv]t5tly4 ,,decision ,law #ed provides t ,a play] _c r$\ble 8 p>tn]'s d\ble1 b does n p5alize su* action4 ,! prohibition is int5d$ to prev5t an increase 9 ! value ( ! tricks & a p5alty is n atta*$1 z ! additional d\ble is g5]ally a c>eless act1 n likely to mat]ially b5efit ! (f5d+ play]4 ,x goes )\t say+ t any su* d\ble is mo/ irregul>1 & any sugge/ion ( /r5g? !reby convey$ w n be us$ by an honorable p>tn]4 ,! same comm5t applies to ! rem>k1 sometimes made1 ,p>tn]1 ,i w\ld h d\bl$ if y _h n4 ,a play] repeat$ly guilty ( su* conduct1 or ( int5tionally violat+ any o!r law1 %\ld be reprim&$1 &1 if ! (f5se be cont9u$1 o/raciz$4 ,9 ! case "u consid]ation1 ?is "q does n arise1 z x is conc$$ t ! act 0 simply an inadv]t5ce4 ,ev51 h[ev]1 _h its bona fides be5 que/ion$1 ! decision w\ld ( necessity be t ! score be c\nt$1 z ! laws d n provide a p5alty = ! (f5se4 ,,case #g ,! bidd+ 9 an ,auction deal 0 z foll[s3-- #a/ #b;d #c;d #d? ,r\nd ,r\nd ,r\nd ,r\nd ,nor? #a ,club #a ,he>t #b ,he>ts ,no ,ea/ #a ,diamond ,no ,d\ble ,no ,s\? ,no ,no #c ,clubs ,we/ ,no #b ,diamonds ,no ,s\? claim$ t 8 p>tn]1 hav+ ab&on$ ! ,club decl>ation1 he 7,s\?7 became ! real ,club bidd]1 &1 hav+ made ! f9al decl>ation1 0 entitl$ to play ! comb9$ h&s4 ,,decision ,rule #df provides t :5 ! w9n+ suit 0 fir/ bid by ! p>tn]1 no matt] :at bids h int]v5$1 he %all play ! h&4 ,?is rule decides ! case4 ,,case #h ,at ab\t ! sev5? or eigh? trick1 ! left-h& adv]s>y ( ! ,decl>] rem>ks1 ,if y h all ( ! tricks1 lay d[n y\r h&4 ,! ,decl>] does n answ]1 b cont9ues ! play 9 ! usual mann]4 ,"o trick lat] ! same adv]s>y says1 ,lay d[n y\r h&1 :]eupon almo/ simultane\sly ! ,decl>] & ! adv]s>y :o has done ! talk+ place _! h&s face upw>d on ! table4 ,! ,decl>] !n /ates t he c take all ! tricks4 ,! play is n complet$1 b exam9ation %[s "o trick may be tak5 by ! adv]s>ies ( ! ,decl>] if he d n f9esse 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,"u ^! irregul> circum/ances1 %\ld ! ,decl>] lose ! trick8 ,,decision ,law #gb provides1 ,if ei!r or bo? ( ! decl>]'s adv]s>ies ?r[ 8 or _! c>ds on ! table face upw>d1 su* c>ds are expos$ & liable to be call$2 b if ei!r adv]s>y reta9 8 h&1 he _c be =c$ to ab&on x4 ,c>ds expos$ by ! decl>] are n liable to be call$4 ,if ! decl>] say1 ',i h ! re/1' or any o!r words indicat+ t ! rema9+ tricks or any numb] !re( are 81 he may be requir$ to place 8 c>ds face upw>d on ! table4 ,8 adv]s>ies are n liable to h any ( _! c>ds call$ %\ld !y !reupon expose !m4 ,section #i ( ,etiquette provides3 ,if a play] say1 ',i h ! re/1' or any words indicat+ ! rema9+ tricks are 8 & "o or bo? ( ! o!r play]s expose 8 or _! c>ds or reque/ him to play out ! h&1 he %\ld n all[ any in=mation1 s obta9$1 to influ5ce 8 play1 nor take any f9esse n ann\nc$ by him at ! "t ( mak+ su* claim1 unless x _h be5 previ\sly prov5 to be a w9n]4 ,! case "u consid]ation is cov]$ by ! fir/ portion ( ,law #gb4 ,! latt] portion ( t law does n apply1 z ! oppon5t did n place 8 c>ds on ! table aft] a claim by ! ,decl>]4 ,! law seems cle>1 ! c>ds ( ! adv]s>y are expos$ & subject to call--! c>ds ( ! ,decl>] _c be call$4 ,! etiquette ( ! game1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be disreg>d$4 ,! pla9 int5t ( ,section #i & ! ju/ice ( ! case is t1 if ! ,decl>] place 8 h& on ! table claim+ ! rema9+ tricks1 he %\ld n receive a d\btful trick unless1 :5 he made 8 claim1 he contemplat$ any f9esse necess>y to obta9 x4 ,if he did n int5d to f9esse t way1 or did n !n realize t a f9esse w\ld be necess>y1 he %\ld1 "u ^! circum/ances1 volunt>ily surr5d] ! trick4 ,! reason = ?is is t1 %\ld a ,decl>] claim all ! tricks1 ! oppon5t :o requires ! h& to be play$ out w\ld naturally hold ! /r5g?2 ! locus ( ! reque/1 !re=e1 sugge/s ! way to w9 ! f9esse4 ,x is mo/ advantage\s = ! int]e/ ( ,auction t1 :5 no real play rema9s1 "t %\ld n be wa/$1 b nei!r side %\ld 9 any way b5efit by an ef=t to avoid useless delay4 ,9 ! case "u consid]ation1 h[ev]1 ! adv]s>y sugge/s t ! h&s be plac$ on ! table1 & ! ,decl>] may naturally expect t ! only c>d :i* might take a trick w drop4 ,!re is no reason to assume t ! ,decl>] w n f9esse correctly1 & x is n j t ! act ( 8 oppon5t %\ld deprive him ( ! opportunity ( s do+4 ,! decision1 !re=e1 is t ! ,decl>] is entitl$ to ! disput$ trick4 ,,case #i ,dummy leaves ! table to get a glass ( wat]4 ,z he returns to 8 seat1 he sees 8 p>tn]'s h& & notices t he is revok+4 ,has he1 "u ^! circum/ances1 ! "r to ask him :e!r he has any m ( ! suit8 ,,decision ,law #fj gives ! ,dummy ! "r to ask ?is "q1 & does n specify t he mu/ be 9 8 seat to avail himself ( ! privilege4 ,section #i ( ,etiquette provides t ,dummy %all n leave 8 seat = ! purpose ( wat*+ 8 p>tn]'s play2 b ev5 %\ld he d s1 8 brea* ( etiquette w\ld n deprive him ( ! rights giv5 him by law4 ,an adv]s>y may unque/ionably object to ! ,dummy wat*+ ! play ( ! ,decl>]4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is n ! case "u consid]ation4 ,! p5alty = ! revoke is ! mo/ sev]e 9 ,auction1 _m ?9k x unreasonably s1 & a play] is unque/ionably entitl$ to e protection ! law af=ds him4 ,! decision1 !re=e1 is t1 "u ! conditions nam$1 ! "q may be ask$4 ,,case #aj ,) ?ree tricks to play1 ! ,decl>] ?r[s 8 c>ds face upw>d on ! table1 claim+ ! rema9+ tricks4 ,8 oppon5ts admit 8 claim1 & ! score is ent]$4 ,! ,dummy !n calls ! att5tion ( ! table to ! fact t1 _h a c]ta9 lead be5 made1 ! ,decl>] c\ld n h tak5 all ! tricks4 ,qu]y3 ,"u ! circum/ances1 is ! ,decl>] entitl$ to all ! tricks2 fir/1 view+ ! "q solely f a /rict int]pretation ( ! laws2 & second1 f ! /&po9t ( good sportsman%ip8 ,,decision ,section #aj ( ,etiquette provides1 ,if a play] conc$e 9 error "o or m tricks1 ! concession %\ld /&4 ,!re is no law affect+ ?is situation1 &1 !re=e1 ! section ( ,etiquette above quot$ cle>ly cov]s ! fir/ portion ( ! qu]y4 ,z to :e!r good sportsman%ip w\ld require ! ,decl>]1 "u su* circum/ances1 to volunt>ily surr5d] any ( ! tricks to :i* he is entitl$ by law1 does n seem to produce a m s]i\s "q4 ,x is true t ! adv]s>ies1 by ov]look+ a possible play1 made a concession t 0 n requir$1 & t ! ,dummy notic$ ! error ( ! adv]s>ies4 ,:y1 h[ev]1 %\ld ! ,dummy be oblig$ to correct ?is error any m ?an any o!r mi/ake ( 8 oppon5ts8 ,x is p]fectly cle> t1 _h a simil> error be5 made by ! ,decl>]1 ! ,dummy c\ld n h sav$ himself f suff]+ by reason ( x1 &1 :e!r ! "q be ei!r a /rict int]pretation ( law or ( sportsman%ip1 x is a poor rule t does n "w bo? ways4 ,bo? p>ts ( ! qu]y are1 !re=e1 answ]$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,,case #aa ,! ,decl>] leads ?ree r\nds ( ,trumps1 on ! ?ird an adv]s>y refuses4 ,lat] 9 ! play ! ,decl>] leads a w9n+ c>d :i* is trump$ by ! adv]s>y :o has refus$ ,trumps4 ,! play] :o trump$ ! trick ga!r$ x4 ,! ,decl>] said1 ,h[ did y w9 x8 ,! play] answ]$1 ,i trump$ x4 ,! ,dummy !n said1 ,:o trump$ x8 ,aft] ?is rem>k by ! ,dummy1 ! ,decl>] claims a revoke1 ! claim is disput$ ^u ! gr\nd t ! ,dummy call$ ! revoke to ! att5tion ( ! ,decl>]4 ,! ,decl>] /ates t he w\ld h made ! claim1 reg>dless ( ,dummy's rem>k4 ,qu]y3 ,%\ld ! revoke be all[$8 ,,decision ,law #fj prescribes explicitly ! privileges ( ! ,dummy aft] he has plac$ 8 h& on ! table4 ,!re are exactly six ?+s :i* he may d & no m4 ,law #fa provides1 ,%\ld ! decl>]'s p>tn] call att5tion to any o!r incid5t ( ! play 9 consequ5ce ( :i* any p5alty might h be5 exact$1 ! decl>] is preclud$ f exact+ su* p5alty4 ,inasmu* z ask+ ,:o won ! trick8 is n "o ( ! six privileges all[$ ! ,dummy1 su* action is irregul>1 & mu/1 ( necessity1 call att5tion to ! revoke4 ,_h ! ,dummy actually claim$ ! revoke1 x w\ld preclude ! exaction ( a p5alty1 ev5 _h ! ,decl>] be5 ab\t to claim x4 ,x is1 !re=e1 immat]ial :e!r ! ,decl>] w\ld h notic$ ! revoke _h ! ,dummy n made ! irregul> rem>k4 ,! "q is decid$ 9 ! negative4 ,,case #ab ,! adv]s>ies ( ! ,decl>] take t5 tricks1 b revoke4 ,"u ^! conditions1 c ei!r side score except = honors or *icane8 ,,decision ,law #hd provides t a revok+ side _c score1 except = honors or *icane4 ,x also provides3 ,if ei!r ( ! adv]s>ies revoke1 ! decl>] may ei!r add #aej po9ts to 8 score 9 ! honor column or may take ?ree tricks f 8 oppon5ts & add !m to 8 own4 ,su* tricks may assi/ ! decl>] to make good 8 decl>ation4 ,x is evid5t t ! ,decl>] is giv5 ! option ( ei!r scor+ #aej po9ts or tak+ ?ree tricks1 %\ld he pref] to make good 8 decl>ation r ?an receive ! bonus4 ,9 ! case cit$1 ?ree tricks c\ld n fulfill ! contract1 b %\ld a ?\ghtless or g5]\s ,decl>] elect to take a p5alty :i* w\ld n b5efit him1 9 pref]5ce to #aej1 he w\ld be act+ )9 8 rights4 ,! rule cle>ly decides ?is case4 ,! adv]s>ies _c score except = honors or *icane1 & ! ,decl>] c add #aej to 8 score 9 ! honor column if he elect s to d4 ,ackn[l$gm5t is made ( ! c\rtesy ( ,! ,:i/ ,club ( ,new ,york 9 p]mitt+ ! publication ( its code ( laws & ( ! decisions ( its ,c>d ,committee4 ,,summ>iz$ ,,p5alties ,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o wi% to ha/ily asc]ta9 ! p5alty = an (f5se or to ref] to ! law ^u ! subject1 ! foll[+ table ( summ>iz$ p5alties has be5 prep>$4 ,x does n include e possible p5alty1 b m]ely ^? ( mo/ frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,,(f5se ,,p5alty ,,law ,revoke by ,decl>] #aej po9ts #hd a ,revoke by ,adv]s>y #aej po9ts or #c tricks #hd b ,revoke by ,dummy ,none #fc ,second revoke 9 same h& #ajj po9ts #hd c ,lead out ( turn by ,decl>] ,none #gg ,expos$ c>d ,lead out ( turn by ,adv]s>y or #gf ,call$ lead ,c>d expos$ dur+ deal ,new deal #cg c ,p>tn] _c bid nor ,c>d expos$ aft] deal & lead suit ( c>d & c>d #fe be=e end ( bidd+ may be call$ ,may be call$ & if expos$ ,c>d expos$ aft] end ( by ,?ird ,h& t suit #ff bidd+ & be=e lead n be l$ ,c>d expos$ ,decl>] ,none #gb dur+ play by ,adv]s>y ,may be call$ #fg #gb ,two or m c>ds play$ at ,all may be call$ #gj once by adv]s>y ,n play+ to trick ,new deal #ha ,play+ #b c>ds to trick ,liable = revoke #hb ,play+ ) less ?an #ac c>ds ,liable = revoke #ch ,hold+ #ad c>ds ,new deal #cg d ,misdeal ,new deal #cf #cg ,deal+ out ( turn or ) ,may be correct$ be=e #dj wrong c>ds la/ c>d is dealt ,decl>ation out ( turn ,new deal #di ,d\ble out ( turn ,new deal #eg ,pass out ( turn ,none #di ,insuffici5t decl>ation ,made suffici5t & p>tn] #ej deb>r$ f bidd+ ,impossible decl>ation ,made #g tricks & p>tn] #ej deb>r$ f bidd+2 or new deal2 or previ\s decl>ation may be made f9al ,dummy's call+ att5tion to ,p5alty = (f5se #fa elim9at$ any (f5se ,dummy's sugge/+ a play ,x may be requir$ or #fb prohibit$ ,decl>]'s nam+ or t\*+ ,may h to play x #fd c>d 9 ,dummy ,adv]s>y's call+ att5tion ,p>tn] may be requir$ to #ib to trick play highe/ or l[e/ c>d or w9 or lose trick ,giv+ in=mation ab\t ,call$ lead #ea bidd+ aft] f9al bid ,f\r? ,h& play+ be=e ,second ,h& may be requir$ #hj ,second to play highe/ or l[e/ c>d or w9 or lose trick ,cutt+ m ?an "o c>d ,mu/ take highe/ #af ,,app5dix ,,qu]ies ,,& ,,answ]s ,! introduction ( ! c\nt n[ 9 use has produc$ s radical a *ange 9 ! game ( ,auction t ( necessity innum]able diff]5ces ( op9ion h aris5 among individual play]s4 ,_m que/ions h be5 submitt$ to arbitrators = decision4 ,9 "s cases ! au?or ( ,,auction ,,( ,,to-,,day has be5 complim5t$ by be+ call$ ^u = 8 op9ion1 & a few qu]ies t seem to be ^u po9ts ( g5]al int]e/1 ) ! answ]s giv51 foll[4 ,,qu]y ,:at is ! correct orig9al bid ( ! ,deal] 9 ! foll[+ cases8 #a4 ,sev5 ,diamonds1 head$ by ,knave1 ,t52 ,ace ( ,spades2 ,ace ( ,he>ts2 ,ace & ?ree small ,clubs4 #b4 ,! same h&1 except t ! ,clubs are ,ace1 ,k+1 & two small4 #c4 ,! same two h&s1 ) ! ,diamonds head$ by ,que51 ,knave1 ,t54 ,,answ] ,^! h&s are evid5tly conceiv$ = ! purpose ( prov+ vuln]able ! rule t a suit %\ld n be call$ )\t ! ,ace or ,k+4 ,!y d\btless nev] did & probably nev] w occur 9 actual play1 b mo/ aptly illu/rate a po9t ( decl>ation1 & are1 !re=e1 wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ! extraord9>y case any conv5tion ( decl>ation may be v>i$ to suit ! h&4 ,und\bt$ly1 ! la/ rule to p]mit exception is t above m5tion$4 ,= ! purpose ( emphasis x may prop]ly be said to be )\t exception1 & yet1 if any su* hold+ actually happ51 x may become necess>y = ! ,decl>] to take a little leeway4 ,x _c affect ! confid5ce ( ! p>tn] if a play]1 only "u su* extraord9>y circum/ances1 dep>ts f ! conv5tional1 & ! rem>kable "* ( ! h& gu>antees t h>m w n result 9 ! p>ticul> in/ance4 ,all ( ! above h&s conta9 ?ree ,aces1 yet a ,no-trump %\ld n be bid1 z x w\ld probably be left 91 & ) two s+leton ,aces !y are dang]\s ,no-trump]s1 b /rong ,diamonds4 ,! h&s are mu* too /rong to call "o ,spade1 z t also might n be ov]bid4 ,two ,spades foll[$ by ,diamonds w\ld be q satisfactory1 w\ld avoid break+ ! rule1 b w\ld n include ! ef=t to elim9ate adv]se bidd+ :i*1 ) a h& ( ?is "*1 might be desirable4 ,two ,diamonds is n p]missible1 z t is ! conv5tional call = a solid ,diamond suit4 ,!re is no reason1 h[ev]1 t ?ree or m ,diamonds or ,clubs %\ld n indicate a long weak ,trump suit ) su* additional /r5g? t "o ,spade is an unsafe call4 ,su* a bid w\ld sugge/ t a game is probable 9 ! suit nam$4 ,x is n a recogniz$ bid & w\ld r>ely be us$1 b an intellig5t p>tn] w\ld at once grasp its mean+4 ,! answ] to ! above1 !re=e1 is #a4 ,?ree ,diamonds4 #b4 ,?ree1 or ev5 ,f\r1 ,diamonds4 7,! bid ( "o ,club might be left 947 #c4 ,?ree or #d ,diamonds 9 fir/2 #d 9 second4 ,,qu]y ,w\ld x n improve ! game ( ,auction & increase ! am\nt ( skill requir$ 9 ! decl>ation if ! value ( ,royal ,spades be alt]$ f #i to #e8 ,,answ] ,! basic !ory ( ! pres5t c\nt is to equalize1 z ne>ly z possible1 ! value ( ! five decl>ations1 9 ord] to produce ! maximum am\nt ( competition 9 bidd+4 ,?is has prov$ mo/ popul> ) ! mass ( play]s1 & has be5 univ]sally adopt$ n only 9 ?is c\ntry1 b also 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,russia4 ,to decrease ! value ( ! ,royal ,spade f #i to #e1 w\ld be a di/9ct /ep backw>d4 ,9 t case x w\ld take #d1 in/ead ( #c1 ,royal ,spades to ov]bid two ,no-trumps2 & #f1 in/ead ( #d1 to ov]bid ?ree ,no-trumps4 ,x is n likely t any *ange1 :i* dim9i%es ! ability ( ! hold] ( ,spades 7or ( any suit7 to compete ) a ,no-trump1 w ev] appeal to ,auction devotees4 ,! great] ! possibility = competitive bidd+1 ! great] ! opportunity = display+ skill 9 t bran* ( ! game4 ,,qu]y ,%\ld ! ,deal] bid "o ,club1 hold+ ,ace & ,k+ ( ,clubs1 f\r small ,spades1 f\r small ,he>ts1 ,ace1 ,que51 & "o small ,diamond8 ,,answ] ,no4 ,"o ,club deceives ! p>tn]4 ,x indicates l5g? 9 ,clubs1 & may induce him to advance t suit too f>4 ,9 ! ev5t ( an adv]se ,no-trump1 x w probably result 9 ! lead ( ! p>tn]'s highe/ ,club1 :i* is apt to prove extremely disa/r\s4 ,"o ,no-trump is f> saf] ?an "o ,club1 & might be def5d$ on ! gr\nd t ) f\r c>ds 9 ea* ( ! two weak suits ! dang] ( a long adv]se run is r$uc$4 ,"o ,spade1 h[ev]1 places ! ,deal] 9 a spl5did position to advance any call 8 p>tn] may make1 & is d\btless ! s\nd bid4 ,,qu]y ,is x n an objection to ! c\nt n[ 9 use t ! ,spade suit is giv5 two values1 & w\ld x n be wise to make ,spades #i1 & all[ ! ,deal] to pass ! orig9al decl>ation8 ,,answ] ,! advisability ( ?is plan 0 ?or\ghly consid]$ be=e ! pres5t c\nt 0 sugge/$4 ,x w\ld make a pass by ! ,deal] equal to ! pres5t decl>ation ( "o ,spade1 & 9 ! ev5t ( ! f\r play]s all pass+1 presumably w\ld necessitate a new deal4 ,x w\ld elim9ate two1 ?ree1 & f\r ,spade bids by ! ,deal] & ,second ,h&1 & ! d\ble ( "o ,spade by ! latt]4 ,x w\ld relieve ! ,?ird ,h& f det]m9+ :e!r to take 8 p>tn] out ( "o ,spade1 & take f ! ,f\r? ,h& ! decision ( :e!r to play = a p5alty ( #ajj or try = game4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t x w\ld take a great deal out ( ! bidd+ ( e "o ( ! f\r play]s1 & x is h>d to believe t any s*eme t5d+ to decrease ! v>iety (1 & am\nt ( skill requir$ =1 ! decl>ation1 is to ! advantage ( ! game4 ,! objection to hav+ two ,spade values is purely !oretical1 z play]s are n 9 ! lea/ emb>rass$ !reby1 nor is ! numb] ( decl>ations at pres5t a "p ( ! game cumb]some or confus+4 ,! argum5t1 t if !re be two ,spade values !re might equally well be two values = ea* ( ! o!r suits1 almo/ answ]s itself4 ,hav+ m ?an "o ,royal decl>ation w\ld ( necessity result 9 complications1 &1 ( c\rse1 only "o def5sive call is ne$$4 ,) ! advantages ( ! ,spade bid s num]\s & evid5t1 & ) no real disadvantage app>5t1 !re does n seem to be any s\nd reason = ab&on+ x4 ,,qu]y ,deal] bids "o ,royal4 ,second ,h& holds ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave1 & ,t5 ( ,clubs2 ,ace1 ,k+1 & two small ,diamonds2 ,ace & two small ,he>ts2 "o small ,spade4 ,:at %\ld he bid8 ,,answ] ,?ree ,clubs4 ,! hold+ ?or\ghly ju/ifies a ,no-trump1 z ! h& conta9s eight sure tricks4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! p>tn] _c /op ! ,spades1 ! adv]s>ies w save ! game at once1 :ile elev5 ,club tricks is n an impossibility4 ,fur!rmore1 ! p>tn] may h ! ,spades /opp$ if l$ up to him1 b n if l$ ?r\gh him4 ,! ,decl>ation ( ?ree ,clubs 7"o m ?an necess>y7 tells ! p>tn] ! situation1 & accompli%es two purposes3--if ! p>tn] h n ! ,spades /opp$1 ! game is /ill possible2 if ! p>tn] h ! ,spades /opp$1 if l$ up to him1 x in/ructs him to call two ,no-trumps1 :]eas a ,no-trump bid by ! ,second ,h&1 ) ! same c>ds1 might fail to produce game1 because ! position ( ! op5+ lead w\ld !n be rev]s$4 ,,qu]y ,deal] bids "o ,no-trump2 ,second ,h&1 two ,he>ts4 ,?ird ,h& holds ,spades ,knave1 ,t51 & ?ree small ,he>ts ,"o small ,diamonds ,two small ,clubs ,ace1 ,que51 ,knave1 & two small ,:at %\ld be bid8 ,,answ] ,two ,royals4 ,?is h&1 especially ) an adv]se ,he>t call1 is mu* m apt to g game at ,royals ?an at ,no-trump4 ,two ,royals asks to be let alone2 ?ree ,clubs practically comm&s ! p>tn] to bid two ,no-trumps if he h ! ,he>ts /opp$4 ,?is is b an expansion ( ! pr9ciple t ! orig9al call ( "o ,club or "o ,diamond sugge/s a ,no-trump1 :ile "o ,he>t or "o ,royal indicates a desire to try = game 9 ! suit nam$4 ,,qu]y ,is x fair = p>tn]s to agree t ! bid ( "o ,spade %all mean weakness2 "o ,club1 g5]al /r5g?2 & two ,clubs1 /r5g? 9 ,clubs8 ,,answ] ,x is p]fectly fair = play]s to use ! above-describ$1 or any o!r conv5tion1 provid$ _! adv]s>ies und]/& its mean+4 ,conv5tions are an ess5tial "p ( ,auction4 ,! lead ( a ,k+ to %[ ! ,ace is a conv5tion--s is e in=matory play or decl>ation4 ,:5 plays or bids are g5]ally und]/ood1 x is unnecess>y = play]s to expla9 _! significance1 b ! adv]s>ies %\ld h all ! in=mation ^u ! subject possess$ by ! p>tn]1 & no?+ approa*+ a private und]/&+ %\ld exi/4 ,,qu]y ,! ,deal] bids "o ,no-trump1 hold+ ,spades ,ace1 ,que51 ,t51 & ?ree small ,he>ts ,ace1 ,que5 ,diamonds ,ace1 & "o small ,clubs ,ace1 & two small ,second & ,?ird ,h&s pass2 ,f\r? ,h&1 two ,diamonds4 ,:at %\ld ! ,deal] decl>e on ! second r\nd8 ,,answ] ,two ,royals4 ,! h& is f> too /rong to pass1 :ile to bid two ,no-trumps is fooli%1 z1 unless ! p>tn] hold ! ,k+ ( ,spades1 x is almo/ c]ta9 t ! contract _c be fulfill$4 ,two ,royals is safe & pres5ts a good *ance ( game4 ,a game 9 ,royals is f> m valuable ?an #ajj = ,aces1 :i* may be r$uc$1 if n wip$ out1 by p5alties = "u-tricks4 ,,qu]y ,score1 ,love4 ,deal] bids "o ,spade2 ,second ,h&1 "o ,diamond2 ,?ird ,h&1 "o ,royal2 ,f\r? ,h&1 two ,clubs4 ,second r\nd1 ,deal] bids two ,royals2 ,second ,h&1 ?ree ,clubs2 ,?ird ,h&1 ?ree ,royals2 ,f\r? ,h&1 f\r ,diamonds4 ,deal] holds ,spades ,knave1 #aj1 #g ,he>ts ,k+1 ,knave1 #h ,diamonds #g1 #d1 #c ,clubs ,k+1 #g1 #f1 #c ,%\ld he d\ble ! f\r ,diamond decl>ation8 ,,answ] ,a bid ( f\r ,diamonds %\ld nev] be d\bl$ at a love score unless ! ,d\bl] be reasonably sure ( defeat+ ! decl>ation4 ,9 ?is case he may expect to w9 "o ,club1 & possibly "o ,he>t1 al?\gh t is n sure4 ,ei!r ! ,decl>] or ! ,dummy may be )\t ,spades4 ,! d\ble does n seem reasonably safe & may keep ! p>tn] f a successful bid ( f\r ,royals4 ,! ,deal]1 !re=e1 %\ld pass4