,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,m9or typographical errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,dialect spell+s1 contractions & discrepancies h be5 reta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,=t ,,smi?1 ,,arkansas4 ,,! ,,prairie ,,travel]4 ,a ,,h&-,,book ,,= ,,ov]l& ,,exp$itions4 ,,) ,,maps1 ,,illu/rations1 ,,& ,,it9]>ies ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,r\tes ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,mississippi ,,& ,,! ,,pacific4 ,by ,,r&olph ,b4 ,,m>cy1 ,,capta9 ,u4 ,s4 ,,army4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,au?ority ,,( ,,! ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,publi%]s1 ,,frankl9 ,,squ>e4 #ahei4 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & fifty-n9e1 by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,! diff]5t ,r\tes to ,cali=nia & ,oregon4 ,_! respective ,advantages4 ,organization ( ,companies4 ,elections ( ,capta9s4 ,wagons & ,teams4 ,relative ,m]its ( ,mules & ,ox54 ,/ores & ,provisions4 ,h[ pack$4 ,desiccat$ & cann$ ,vegetables4 ,pemmican4 ,antiscorbutics4 ,cold ,fl\r4 ,sub/itutes 9 case ( ,necessity4 ,am\nt ( ,supplies4 ,clo?+4 ,camp ,equipage4 ,arms4 #ae ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,m>*+4 ,treatm5t ( ,animals4 ,wat]4 ,diff]5t me?ods ( f9d+ & purify+ x4 ,j\rnadas4 ,me?ods ( cross+ !m4 ,advance & ,re> ,gu>ds4 ,selection ( ,camp4 ,sanit>y ,consid]ations4 ,dr4 ,jackson's ,report4 ,picket ,gu>ds4 ,/amp$es4 ,h[ to prev5t !m4 ,corral+ ,wagons4 #dd ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,repair+ brok5 ,wagons4 ,=d+ ,riv]s4 ,quicks&4 ,wagon ,boats4 ,bull ,boats4 ,cross+ ,packs4 ,swimm+ ,animals4 ,m>*+ ) loose ,horses4 ,h]d+ ,mules4 ,be/ ,me?ods ( ,m>*+4 ,h]d+ & gu>d+ ,animals4 ,desc5d+ ,m\nta9s4 ,/orms4 ,nor!rs4 #ga ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,pack+4 ,saddles4 ,mexican ,me?od4 ,madr9a1 or ,bell-m>e4 ,atta*m5t ( ! ,mule illu/rat$4 ,be/ ,me?od ( ,pack+4 ,hoppl+ ,animals4 ,select+ ,horses & ,mules4 ,grama & bun* ,grass4 ,european ,saddles4 ,cali=nia ,saddle4 ,saddle ,w\nds4 ,alkali4 ,flies4 ,colic4 ,rattlesnake ,bites4 ,cures = ! ,bite4 #ih ,,*apt] ,v4 ,biv\acs4 ,t5te d',abri4 ,gutta-p]*a ,knapsack ,t5t4 ,coman*e ,lodge4 ,sibley ,t5t4 ,camp ,furniture4 ,litt]s4 ,rapid ,travel+4 ,fuel4 ,mak+ ,fires4 ,fires on ! ,prairies4 ,j]k+ ,meat4 ,mak+ ,l>iats4 ,mak+ ,ca*es4 ,disposition ( ,fire-arms4 ,colt's ,revolv]s4 ,gun ,accid5ts4 ,trail+4 ,indian ,sagacity4 #acb ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,guides & ,hunt]s4 ,delaw>es & ,%awnees4 ,khebirs4 ,black ,beav]4 ,anecdotes4 ,dome/ic ,tr\bles4 ,lodges4 ,simil>ity ( ,prairie ,tribes to ! ,arabs4 ,me?od ( mak+ ,w>4 ,track+ & pursu+ ,indians4 ,me?od ( attack+ !m4 ,telegraph+ by ,smokes4 #ahc ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,hunt+4 ,its ,b5efits to ! ,soldi]4 ,buffalo4 ,de]4 ,antelope4 ,be>4 ,big-horn1 or ,m\nta9 ,%eep4 ,_! ,habits1 & ,h9ts ^u ! be/ ,me?ods ( hunt+ !m4 #bcj ,,it9]>ies4 #bec ,,app5dix4 #cce ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,page ,map ( ,ov]l& r\tes at end ( volume4 ,=t ,smi?1 ,arkansas ,frontispiece4 ,swimm+ a ,horse #gh ,diagram = ,measurem5ts #ha ,cross+ a ,/ream #hg ,grimsley's ,pack-saddle #ii ,cali=nia ,saddle #aai ,half-fac$ ,camp #acd ,conical ,biv\ac #ace ,t5t ,knapsack #acg ,coman*e ,lodge #adj ,sibley ,t5t #adc ,camp ,*airs #ade ,camp ,table--,field ,cot #adf ,field ,cot--,camp ,bureau #adh ,mess-*e/ #adi ,horse-litt] #aea ,h&-litt] #aed ,! ,grizzly #afg ,horse-tracks #agh ,keep away6 #bji ,call+ up ,antelopes #bde ,! ,ne$les #bed ,*imney ,rock #bfi ,devil's ,gate #bga ,well 9 ! ,des]t #bib ,map ( ! ,pike's ,peak ,gold ,region #bif ,sangre de ,cri/o ,pass #cjj ,san ,francisco ,m\nta9 #cji ,canon on ,bill ,williams's ,=k #cab ,artill]y ,peak #cac ,,preface4 ,a qu>t] ( a c5tury's exp]i5ce 9 fronti] life1 a great portion ( :i* has be5 occupi$ 9 explor+ ! int]ior ( our cont95t1 & 9 long m>*es :]e ,i h be5 ?r[n exclusively ^u my own res\rces1 f> beyond ! b\nds ( ! populat$ di/ricts1 & :]e ! travel] mu/ v>y 8 exp$i5ts to surm\nt ! num]\s ob/acles :i* ! nature ( ! c\ntry cont9ually reproduces1 has %[n me "u :at great disadvantages ! voyageur labors = want ( a timely initiation into ^? m9or details ( prairie-craft1 :i*1 h[ev] app>5tly unimportant 9 ! ab/ract1 are sure1 ^u ! pla9s1 to turn ! balance ( success = or aga9/ an ent]prise4 ,?is in=mation is s v>i$1 & is d]iv$ f s _m diff]5t s\rces1 t ,i /ill f9d e new exp$ition adds sub/antially to my practical k1 & am satisfi$ t a good ,prairie ,manual w be = ! "y travel] an addition to 8 equipm5t ( inappreciable value4 ,) su* a book 9 8 h&1 he w be able1 9 difficult circum/ances1 to avail himself ( ! matur$ exp]i5ce ( vet]an travel]s1 & !reby avoid _m o!rwise un=ese5 disa/]s2 :ile1 dur+ ! ord9>y r\t9e ( m>*+1 he w greatly augm5t ! sum ( 8 com=ts1 avoid _m s]i\s losses1 & enjoy a comp>ative exemption f d\bts & anxieties4 ,he w feel himself a ma/] _s 9 ! wild]ness he trav]ses1 & n ! victim ( e new comb9ation ( circum/ances :i* nature af=ds or fate allots1 z if to try 8 skill & pr[ess4 ,i h wait$ = sev]al ye>s1 ) ! confid5t expectation t "s "o m compet5t ?an myself w\ld assume ! task1 & give ! public ! desir$ in=mation2 b x seems t no "o has tak5 suffici5t int]e/ 9 ! subject to dissem9ate ! b5efits ( 8 exp]i5ce 9 ?is way4 ,our fronti]-m51 al?\gh brave 9 c\ncil & action1 & possess+ an intellig5ce t quick5s 9 ! face ( dang]1 are apt to feel %y ( ! p54 ,!y %un ! atmosph]e ( ! /ud5t's closet2 _! sph]e is 9 ! free & op5 wild]ness4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at1 !re=e1 t to our vet]an bord]] ! field ( lit]ature %\ld rema9 a t]ra incognita4 ,x is our army t unites ! *asm betwe5 ! culture ( civilization 9 ! aspect ( sci5ce1 art1 & social ref9em5t1 & ! p[]ful simplicity ( nature4 ,on leav+ ! ,milit>y ,academy1 a majority ( our (fic]s are atta*$ to ! l9e ( ! army1 & =?) assign$ to duty ^u our remote & ext5d$ fronti]1 :]e ! re/less & w>like habits ( ! nomadic tribes r5d] ! soldi]'s life almo/ z unsettl$ z t ( ! savages !mselves4 ,a regim5t is /ation$ to-day on ! bord]s ( tropical ,mexico2 to-morr[1 ! w>-:oop1 borne on a gale f ! nor?we/1 compels its pres5ce 9 ! froz5 latitudes ( ,puget's ,s\nd4 ,! v limit$ num]ical /r5g? ( our army1 scatt]$ z x is ov] a va/ area ( t]ritory1 necessitates con/ant *anges ( /ations1 long & toilsome m>*es1 a promptitude ( action1 & a tireless en]gy & self-reliance1 t c only be acquir$ ?r\gh an intimate acqua9tance ) ! sph]e 9 :i* we act & move4 ,! education ( our (fic]s at ! ,milit>y ,academy is d\btless well adapt$ to ! art ( civiliz$ w>f>e1 b c n famili>ize !m ) ! div]sifi$ details ( bord] s]vice2 & !y (t51 at ! outset ( _! milit>y c>e]1 f9d !mselves compell$ to improvise new exp$i5ts to meet novel em]g5ces4 ,! life ( ! wild]ness is an art z well z t ( ! city or c\rt1 & e art subjects its vot>ies to discipl9e 9 prep>+ !m = a successful c>e] 9 its pursuit4 ,! ,milit>y ,art1 z enl>g$ to meet all ! requirem5ts ( bord] s]vice1 ! savage 9 8 wiles or ! elem5ts 9 _! caprices1 embraces _m o!r special arts :i* h hi!rto be5 almo/ ignor$1 & results :i* exp]i5ce & calculation %\ld h gu>ante$ h be5 improvid5tly /ak$ ^u favorable *ances4 ,! ma9 object at :i* ,i h aim$ 9 ! foll[+ pages has be5 to expla9 & illu/rate1 z cle>ly & succ9ctly z possible1 ! be/ me?ods ( p]=m+ ! duties devolv+ ^u ! prairie travel]1 s z to meet _! cont+5cies "u all circum/ances1 & !reby to endeavor to e/abli% a m uni=m sy/em ( m>*+ & campaign+ 9 ! ,indian c\ntry4 ,i h also furni%$ it9]>ies ( mo/ ( ! pr9cipal r\tes t h be5 travel$ across ! pla9s1 tak5 f ! be/ & mo/ reliable au?orities2 & ,i h giv5 "s in=mation conc]n+ ! habits ( ! ,indians & wild animals t frequ5t ! prairies1 ) ! secrets ( ! hunt]'s & w>rior's /rategy1 :i* ,i h endeavor$ to impress m =cibly ^u ! read] by introduc+ illu/rative anecdote4 ,i take great pleasure 9 ackn[l$g+ my indebt$ness to sev]al (fic]s ( ! ,topographical ,eng9e]s & ( o!r corps ( ! army = ! valuable in=mation ,i h obta9$ f _! (ficial reports reg>d+ ! diff]5t r\tes embrac$ 9 ! it9]>ies1 & to ^! g5tlem5 ,i beg leave v respectfully to d$icate my book4 ,,! ,,prairie ,,travel]4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,! diff]5t ,r\tes to ,cali=nia & ,oregon4 ,_! respective ,advantages4 ,organization ( ,companies4 ,elections ( ,capta9s4 ,wagons & ,teams4 ,relative ,m]its ( ,mules & ,ox54 ,/ores & ,provisions4 ,h[ pack$4 ,desiccat$ & cann$ ,vegetables4 ,pemmican4 ,antiscorbutics4 ,cold ,fl\r4 ,sub/itutes 9 case ( ,necessity4 ,am\nt ( ,supplies4 ,clo?+4 ,camp ,equipage4 ,arms4 ,,r\tes ,,to ,,cali=nia ,,& ,,oregon4 ,emigrants or o!rs desir+ to make ! ov]l& j\rney to ! ,pacific %\ld be> 9 m9d t !re are sev]al diff]5t r\tes :i* may be travel$ ) wagons1 ea* hav+ its advocates 9 p]sons directly or indirectly int]e/$ 9 attract+ ! tide ( emigration & travel ov] !m4 ,in=mation conc]n+ ^! r\tes com+ f /rang]s liv+ or own+ prop]ty ne> !m1 f ag5ts ( /eam-boats or railways1 or f o!r p]sons connect$ ) transportation companies1 %\ld be receiv$ ) great caution1 & nev] )\t corroborat+ evid5ce f dis9t]e/$ s\rces4 ,!re is no d\bt t ea* "o ( ^! roads has its advantages & disadvantages1 b a judici\s selection mu/ dep5d *iefly ^u ! foll[+ consid]ations1 namely1 ! locality f :5ce ! individual is to take 8 dep>ture1 ! season ( ! ye> :5 he desires to comm5ce 8 j\rney1 ! "* ( 8 means ( transportation1 & ! po9t ^u ! ,pacific coa/ t he wi%es to rea*4 ,p]sons liv+ 9 ! ,nor!a/]n ,/ates c1 ) ab\t equal facility & dispat*1 rea* ! ea/]n t]m9us ( any "o ( ! r\tes !y may select by means ( public transport4 ,&1 z animals are mu* *eap] ^u ! fronti] ?an 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 !y %\ld pur*ase _! teams at or ne> ! po9t :]e ! ov]l& j\rney is to comm5ce4 ,^? liv+ 9 ! ,nor?we/]n ,/ates1 hav+ _! own teams1 & wi%+ to g to any po9t nor? ( ,san ,francisco1 w ( c\rse make *oice ( ! r\te :i* takes its dep>ture f ! ,miss\ri ,riv]4 ,^? :o live 9 ! middle ,we/]n ,/ates1 hav+ _! own means ( transportation1 & go+ to any po9t ^u ! ,pacific coa/1 %\ld take "o ( ! middle r\tes4 ,o!rs1 :o reside 9 ! extreme ,s\?we/1 & ^: de/9ation is s\? ( ,san ,francisco1 %\ld travel ! s\!rn road runn+ ?r\gh ,texas1 :i* is ! only "o practicable = com=table w9t] travel4 ,! grass ^u a great portion ( ?is r\te is gre5 dur+ ! entire w9t]1 & sn[ seldom cov]s x4 ,?is road leaves ! ,gulf coa/ at ,p[d]-horn1 on ,matagorda ,bay1 :i* po9t is difficult ( access by l& f ! nor?1 b may be rea*$ by /eam]s f ,new ,orleans five times a week4 ,!re are /ores at ,p[d]-horn & ,indianola :]e ! travel] c obta9 mo/ ( ! articles necess>y = 8 j\rney1 b ,i w\ld recomm5d him to supply himself be=e leav+ ,new ,orleans ) e ?+ he requires ) ! exception ( animals1 :i* he w f9d *eap] 9 ,texas4 ,?is road has receiv$ a l>ge am\nt ( travel s9ce #ahdi1 is well track$ & def9$1 &1 except+ ab\t tw5ty miles ( hog wall[ prairie ne> ,p[d]-horn1 x is an excell5t road = c>riages & wagons4 ,x passes ?r\gh a settl$ c\ntry = #bej miles1 & )9 ?is section supplies c be _h at reasonable rates4 ,at ,victoria & ,san ,antonio _m f9e /ores w be f\nd1 well suppli$ ) l>ge /ocks ( goods1 embrac+ all ! articles ! travel] w require4 ,! next r\te to ! nor? is t ov] :i* ! semi-weekly mail to ,cali=nia passes1 & :i*1 = a great portion ( ! way to ,new ,mexico1 ,i travel$ & recomm5d$ 9 #ahdi4 ,?is road leaves ! ,arkansas ,riv] at ,=t ,smi?1 to :i* po9t /eam]s run dur+ ! seasons ( high wat] 9 ! w9t] & spr+4 ,supplies ( all descriptions necess>y = ! ov]l& j\rney may be procur$ at ,=t ,smi?1 or at ,van ,bur5 on ! opposite side ( ! ,arkansas4 ,horses & cattle are *eap "h4 ,! road1 on leav+ ,=t ,smi?1 passes ?r\gh ! ,*octaw & ,*ickasaw c\ntry = #ahj miles1 !n crosses ,r$ ,riv] by f]ry-boat at ,pre/on1 & runs ?r\gh ! bord] settlem5ts ( nor!rn ,texas = #aej miles1 )9 :i* di/ances supplies may be procur$ at mod]ate prices4 ,?is road is accessible to p]sons desir+ to make ! entire j\rney ) _! own transportation f ,t5nessee or ,mississippi1 by cross+ ! ,mississippi ,riv] at ,memphis or ,hel5a1 pass+ ,little ,rock1 & !nce ?r\gh ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 int]sect+ ! road at ,pre/on4 ,x may also be rea*$ by tak+ /eam]s up ,r$ ,riv] to ,%reveport or ,jeff]son1 f ei!r ( :i* places !re are roads runn+ ?r\gh a populat$ c\ntry1 & int]sect+ ! ,=t ,smi? road ne> ,pre/on4 ,?is road also unites ) ! ,san ,antonio road at ,el ,paso1 & f t po9t !y pass toge!r ov] ! m\nta9s to ,=t ,yuma & to ,san ,francisco 9 ,cali=nia4 ,ano!r road leaves ,=t ,smi? & runs up ! s\? side ( ! ,canadian ,riv] to ,santa ,fe & ,albuqu]que 9 ,new ,mexico4 ,?is r\te is set d[n ^u mo/ ( ! maps ( ! pres5t day z hav+ be5 discov]$ & explor$ by v>i\s p]sons1 b my own "n seems to h be5 c>efully exclud$ f ! li/4 ,:e!r ?is omission has be5 int5tional or n1 ,i leave = ! au?ors to det]m9e4 ,i %all m]ely rem>k t ,i _h ! comm& & entire direction ( an exp$ition :i* 9 #ahdi discov]$1 explor$1 locat$1 & m>k$ out ?is id5tical wagon road f ,=t ,smi?1 ,arkansas1 to ,santa ,fe1 ,new ,mexico1 & t ?is road1 = ! great] portion ( ! di/ance1 is ! same t has be5 s9ce recomm5d$ = a ,pacific railway4 ,?is road1 ne> ,albuqu]que1 unites ) ,capta9 ,:ipple's & ,lieut5ant ,beall's roads to ,cali=nia4 ,ano!r road1 :i* takes its dep>ture f ,=t ,smi? & passes ?r\gh ! ,*]okee c\ntry1 is call$ ! ,*]okee ,trail4 ,x crosses ,gr& ,riv] at ,=t ,gibson1 & runs a little nor? ( we/ to ! ,v]digris ,riv]1 !nce up ! valley ( ?is /ream on ! nor? side = #hj miles1 :5 x crosses ! riv]1 &1 tak+ a nor?we/ c\rse1 /rikes ! ,arkansas ,riv] ne> old ,=t ,mann1 on ! ,santa ,fe trace2 !nce x passes ne> ! base ( ,pike's ,peak1 & foll[s d[n ,*]ry ,creek f its s\rce to its conflu5ce ) ! ,s\? ,platte1 & f !nce ov] ! m\nta9s into ,utah1 & on to ,cali=nia via ,=t ,bridg] & ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,= p]sons :o desire to g f ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to ! gold digg+s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,*]ry ,creek1 ?is r\te is %ort] by "s #cjj miles ?an t f ,=t ,smi? via ,=t ,leav5wor?4 ,x is said to be an excell5t road1 & well suppli$ ) ! requisites = encamp+4 ,x has be5 travel$ by l>ge p>ties ( ,cali=nia emigrants = sev]al ye>s1 & is well track$ & def9$4 ,! grass ^u all ! roads leav+ ,=t ,smi? is suffici5tly advanc$ to af=d su/5ance to animals by ! fir/ ( ,april1 & f ?is "t until w9t] sets 9 x is abundant4 ,! next r\te on ! nor? leaves ! ,miss\ri ,riv] at ,we/port1 ,leav5wor? ,city1 ,at*eson1 or f o!r t[ns above1 betwe5 ei!r ( :i* po9ts & ,/4 ,l\is /eam]s ply dur+ ! entire summ] season4 ,! necess>y outfit ( supplies c always be procur$ at any ( ! />t+-po9ts on ! ,miss\ri ,riv] at mod]ate rates4 ,?is is ! great emigrant r\te f ,miss\ri to ,cali=nia & ,oregon1 ov] :i* s _m ?\s&s h travel$ )9 ! pa/ few ye>s4 ,! track is broad1 well worn1 & c n be mi/ak54 ,x has receiv$ ! major "p ( ! ,mormon emigration1 & 0 trav]s$ by ! army 9 its m>* to ,utah 9 #aheg4 ,at ! po9t :]e ?is road crosses ! ,s\? ,platte ,riv]1 ,lieut5ant ,bryan's road bran*es (f to ! left1 lead+ ?r\gh ,bridg]'s ,pass1 & !nce to ,=t ,bridg]4 ,! ,=t ,ke>ney r\te to ! gold region ne> ,pike's ,peak also leaves ! emigrant road at ?is place & runs up ! ,s\? ,platte4 ,f ,=t ,bridg] !re are two roads t may be travel$ ) wagons 9 ! direction ( ,cali=nia2 "o pass+ ,salt ,lake ,city1 & ! o!r runn+ d[n ,be> ,riv] to ,soda ,spr+s1 int]sect+ ! ,salt ,lake ,city road at ! ,city ( ,rocks4 ,ne> ,soda ,spr+s ! ,oregon road turns to ! "r1 pass+ ,=t ,hall1 & !nce d[n ,snake ,riv] to ,=t ,wallah-,wallah4 ,unless travel]s h bus9ess 9 ,salt ,lake ,valley1 ,i w\ld advise !m to take ! ,be> ,riv] r\te1 z x is mu* %ort]1 & bett] 9 e respect4 ,! road1 on leav+ ! ,miss\ri ,riv]1 passes = #aej miles ?r\gh a settl$ c\ntry :]e gra9 c be pur*as$ *eap1 & !re are sev]al /ores 9 ?is section :]e mo/ ( ! articles requir$ by travel]s c be obta9$4 ,_m p]sons :o h _h mu* exp]i5ce 9 prairie travel+ pref] leav+ ! ,miss\ri ,riv] 9 ,m>* or ,april1 & fe$+ gra9 to _! animals until ! new grass appe>s4 ,! roads become muddy & heavy aft] ! spr+ ra9s set 91 & by />t+ out e>ly ! wor/ "p ( ! road w be pass$ ov] be=e ! gr\nd becomes wet & s(t4 ,?is plan1 h[ev]1 %\ld nev] be attempt$ unless ! animals are well suppli$ ) gra91 & kept 9 good condition4 ,!y w eat ! old grass 9 ! spr+1 b x does n1 9 ?is climate1 z 9 ,utah & ,new ,mexico1 af=d !m suffici5t su/5ance4 ,! grass1 aft] ! #a/ ( ,may1 is good & abundant ^u ?is road z f> z ! ,s\? ,pass1 f :5ce !re is a section ( ab\t #ej miles :]e x is sc>ce2 !re is also a sc>city ^u ! des]t beyond ! s9k ( ! ,humboldt4 ,z l>ge numb]s ( cattle pass ov] ! road annually1 !y soon consume all ! grass 9 ^! b>r5 localities1 & su* z pass late 9 ! season are likely to suff] greatly1 & (t5times p]i% f />vation4 ,:5 ,i came ov] ! road 9 ,augu/1 #aheh1 ,i seldom f\nd myself out ( sight ( dead cattle = #ejj miles along ! road1 & ?is 0 an unusually favorable ye> = grass1 & be=e ! ma9 body ( animals _h pass$ = t season4 ,^u ! head ( ! ,sweetwat] ,riv]1 & we/ ( ! ,s\? ,pass1 alkal9e spr+s are met )1 :i* are exce$+ly poison\s to cattle & horses4 ,!y c readily be detect$ by ! yell[i%-r$ color ( ! grass gr[+ ar\nd !m4 ,animals %\ld nev] be all[$ to graze ne> !m or to dr9k ! wat]4 ,,organization ,,( ,,companies4 ,aft] a p>ticul> r\te has be5 select$ to make ! j\rney across ! pla9s1 & ! requisite numb] h arriv$ at ! ea/]n t]m9us1 _! fir/ bus9ess %\ld be to organize !mselves into a company & elect a comm&]4 ,! company %\ld be ( suffici5t magnitude to h]d & gu>d animals1 & = protection aga9/ ,indians4 ,f #ej to #gj m51 prop]ly arm$ & equipp$1 w be en\gh = ^! purposes1 & any great] numb] only makes ! movem5ts ( ! p>ty m cumb]some & t>dy4 ,9 ! selection ( a capta91 good judgm5t1 integrity ( purpose1 & practical exp]i5ce are ! ess5tial requisites1 & ^! are indisp5sable to ! h>mony & consolidation ( ! association4 ,8 duty %\ld be to direct ! ord] ( m>*1 ! "t ( />t+ & halt+1 to select ! camps1 detail & give ord]s to gu>ds1 &1 inde$1 to control & sup]9t5d all ! movem5ts ( ! company4 ,an obligation %\ld !n be drawn up & sign$ by all ! memb]s ( ! association1 :]e9 ea* "o %\ld b9d himself to abide 9 all cases by ! ord]s & decisions ( ! capta91 & to aid him by e means 9 8 p[] 9 ! execution ( 8 duties2 & !y %\ld also obligate !mselves to aid ea* o!r1 s z to make ! individual int]e/ ( ea* memb] ! common conc]n ( ! :ole company4 ,to insure ?is1 a fund %\ld be rais$ = ! pur*ase ( extra animals to supply ! places ( ^? :i* may give out or die on ! road2 & if ! wagon or team ( a p>ticul> memb] %\ld fail & h to be ab&on$1 ! company %\ld obligate !mselves to transport 8 luggage1 & ! capta9 %\ld see t he has 8 %>e ( transportation equal ) any o!r memb]4 ,?us x w be made ! int]e/ ( e memb] ( ! company to wat* ov] & protect ! prop]ty ( o!rs z well z 8 own4 ,9 case ( failure on ! "p ( any "o to comply ) ! obligations impos$ by ! articles ( agreem5t aft] !y h be5 duly execut$1 ! company %\ld ( c\rse h ! p[] to puni% ! del9qu5t memb]1 &1 if necess>y1 to exclude him f all ! b5efits ( ! association4 ,on su* a j\rney z ?is1 !re is mu* to int]e/ & amuse "o :o is fond ( picturesque sc5]y1 & ( wild life 9 its mo/ primitive aspect1 yet no "o %\ld attempt x )\t anticipat+ _m r\gh knocks & mu* h>d labor2 e man mu/ expect to d 8 %>e ( duty fai?fully & )\t a murmur4 ,on long & ardu\s exp$itions m5 are apt to become irritable & ill-natur$1 & (t5times fancy !y h m labor impos$ ^u !m ?an _! comrades1 & t ! p]son :o directs ! m>* is p>tial t[>d 8 favorites1 etc4 ,t man :o ex]cises ! greate/ =be>ance "u su* circum/ances1 :o is *e]ful1 sl[ to take up qu>rels1 & endeavors to reconcile difficulties among 8 companions1 is des]v+ ( all praise1 & w1 )\t d\bt1 contribute l>gely to ! success & com=t ( an exp$ition4 ,! advantages ( an association su* z ,i h m5tion$ are manife/ly num]\s4 ,! animals c be h]d$ toge!r & gu>d$ by ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! company 9 rotation1 !reby secur+ to all ! opportunities ( sleep & re/4 ,besides1 ?is is ! only way to resi/ depr$ations ( ! ,indians1 & to prev5t _! /amp$+ & driv+ (f animals2 & mu* m effici5cy is secur$ 9 e respect1 especially 9 cross+ /reams1 repair+ roads1 etc41 etc4 ,unless a sy/ematic organization be adopt$1 x is impossible = a p>ty ( any magnitude to travel 9 company = any great l5g? ( "t1 & = all ! memb]s to agree ^u ! same arrangem5ts 9 m>*+1 camp+1 etc4 ,i h sev]al times obs]v$1 :]e ?is has be5 attempt$1 t discords & diss5sions soon] or lat] arose :i* inv>iably result$ 9 break+ up & sep>at+ ! company4 ,:5 a capta9 has once be5 *os51 he %\ld be su/a9$ 9 all 8 decisions unless he commit "s manife/ outrage1 :5 a majority ( ! company c always remove him1 & put a m compet5t man 9 8 place4 ,sometimes m5 may be select$ :o1 ^u trial1 d n come up to ! anticipations ( ^? :o h plac$ !m 9 p[]1 & o!r m5 w exhibit1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! m>*1 m capacity4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x w n be unwise to make a *ange1 ! fir/ election hav+ be5 di/9ctly provisional4 ,,wagons ,,& ,,teams4 ,a company hav+ be5 organiz$1 its fir/ int]e/ is to procure a prop] outfit ( transportation & supplies = ! contemplat$ j\rney4 ,wagons %\ld be ( ! simple/ possible con/ruction--/rong1 light1 & made ( well-season$ timb]1 especially ! :eels1 z ! atmosph]e1 9 ! elevat$ & arid region ov] :i* !y h to pass1 is s exce$+ly dry dur+ ! summ] mon?s t1 unless ! wood-"w is ?or\ghly season$1 !y w require con/ant repairs to prev5t !m f fall+ to pieces4 ,:eels made ( ! bois-d'arc1 or ,osage orange-wood1 are ! be/ = ! pla9s1 z !y %r9k b little1 & seldom want repair+4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ?is wood is n easily procur$ 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 :ite oak answ]s a v good purpose if well season$4 ,spr+ wagons made 9 ,concord1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 are us$ to transport pass5g]s & ! mails ^u "s ( ! r\tes across ! pla9s1 & !y are said1 by ^? :o h us$ !m1 to be mu* sup]ior to any o!rs4 ,!y are made ( ! close-gra9$ oak t gr[s 9 a high nor!rn latitude1 & well season$4 ,! pole ( ! wagon %\ld h a jo9t :]e x ent]s ! h\nds1 to prev5t ! weight f com+ ^u x & break+ ! h\nds 9 pass+ %ort & abrupt holes 9 ! road4 ,! p]* or c\pl+-pole %\ld be %ift+ or movable1 z1 9 ! ev5t ( ! loss ( a :eel1 an axle1 or o!r accid5t r5d]+ x necess>y to ab&on ! wagon1 a tempor>y c>t may be con/ruct$ out ( ! rema9+ portion4 ,! tires %\ld be exam9$ j be=e comm5c+ ! j\rney1 &1 if n p]fectly snug1 reset4 ,"o ( ! *ief causes ( accid5ts to c>riages ^u ! pla9s arises f ! nuts com+ (f f ! num]\s bolts t secure ! runn+ ge>+4 ,to prev5t ?is1 ! ends ( all ! bolts %\ld be rivet$2 x is seldom necess>y to take !m (f1 & :5 ?is is requir$ ! ends ( ! bolts may easily be fil$ away4 ,wagons ) six mules %\ld nev]1 on a long j\rney ov] ! prairies1 be load$ ) ov] #bjjj p\nds1 unless gra9 is transport$1 :5 an additional ?\s& p\nds may be tak51 provid$ x is f$ out daily to ! team4 ,:5 grass con/itutes ! only =age1 #bjjj p\nds is deem$ a suffici5t load4 ,i reg>d our gov]nm5t wagons z unnecess>ily heavy = six mules4 ,!re is suffici5t mat]ial 9 !m to su/a9 a burd5 ( #djjj p\nds1 b !y are seldom load$ ) m ?an half t weight4 ,e wagon %\ld be furni%$ ) sub/antial b[s & d\ble osnaburg cov]s1 to protect its cont5ts f ! sun & wea!r4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion reg>d+ ! relative m]its ( mules & ox5 = prairie travel+1 & ! "q is yet f> f be+ settl$4 ,^u good firm roads1 9 a populat$ c\ntry1 :]e gra9 c be procur$1 ,i %\ld unque/ionably give ! pref]5ce to mules1 z !y travel fa/]1 & endure ! heat ( summ] mu* bett] ?an ox52 & if ! j\rney be n ov] #ajjj miles1 & ! grass abundant1 ev5 )\t gra91 ,i ?9k mules w\ld be pref]able4 ,b :5 ! m>* is to ext5d #aejj or #bjjj miles1 or ov] a r\gh s&y or muddy road1 ,i believe "y ox5 w endure bett] ?an mules2 !y w1 if prop]ly manag$1 keep 9 bett] condition1 & p]=m ! j\rney 9 an equally brief space ( "t4 ,besides1 !y are mu* m economical1 a team ( six mules co/+ six hundr$ doll>s1 :ile an eight-ox team only co/s ^u ! fronti] ab\t two hundr$ doll>s4 ,ox5 are mu* less liable to be /amp$$ & driv5 (f by ,indians1 & c be pursu$ & ov]tak5 by horsem52 &1 f9ally1 !y c1 if necess>y1 be us$ = beef4 ,9 ,africa ox5 are us$ z saddle animals1 & x is said t !y p]=m good s]vice 9 ?is way4 ,?is w probably be reg>d$ by our p z a v undignifi$ & s+ul> me?od ( locomotion1 b1 9 ! abs5ce ( any o!r means ( transportation ^u a long j\rney1 a saddle-ox might be f\nd s]viceable4 ,&]sson1 9 8 "w on ,s\?we/]n ,africa1 says3 ,a %ort /rong /ick1 ( peculi> %ape1 is =c$ ?r\gh ! c>tilage ( ! nose ( ! ox1 & to ei!r end ( ?is /ick is atta*$ 79 bridle fa%ion7 a t\gh lea!rn ?ong4 ,f ! extreme t5d]ness ( ! nose he is n[ m easily manag$4 ,hans pres5t$ me ) an ox call$ ',spr+1' :i* ,i aft]w>d rode upw>d ( two ?\s& miles4 ,on ! day ( our dep>ture he m\nt$ u all on ox51 & a curi\s sight x 0 to see "s ( ! m5 take _! seats :o _h nev] be=e ridd5 on ox-back4 ,x is impossible to guide an ox z "o w\ld guide a horse1 = 9 ! attempt to d s y w\ld in/antly j]k ! /ick out ( 8 nose1 :i* at once deprives y ( e control ov] ! bea/2 b by pull+ bo? sides ( ! bridle at ! same "t1 & t[>d ! side y wi% him to take1 he is easily manag$4#a ,y\r seat is n less awkw>d & difficult2 = ! sk9 ( ! ox1 unlike t ( ! horse1 is loose1 &1 not)/&+ y\r saddle may be tightly gir!d1 y keep rock+ to & fro l a *ild 9 a cradle4 ,a few days1 h[ev]1 enables a p]son to acquire a c]ta9 /ead9ess1 & long habit w d ! re/4 #a ,a r+ in/ead ( ! /ick put ?r\gh ! c>tilage ( ! nose w\ld obviate ?is difficulty4--,,au?or4 ,ox travel+1 :5 once a man becomes accu/om$ to x1 is n s disagreeable z might be expect$1 p>ticul>ly if "o succe$s 9 obta9+ a tractable animal4 ,on em]g5cies1 an ox c be made to proce$ at a tol]able quick pace2 =1 ?\gh 8 walk is only ab\t ?ree miles an h\r at an av]age1 he may be made to p]=m d\ble t di/ance 9 ! same "t4 ,mr4 ,galton once accompli%$ #bd miles 9 f\r h\rs1 & t1 too1 ?r\gh heavy s&6 ,c[s w be f\nd v useful ^u long j\rneys :5 ! rate ( travel is sl[1 z !y furni% milk1 & 9 em]g5cies !y may be work$ 9 wagons4 ,i once saw a small c[ yok$ beside a l>ge ox1 & driv5 ab\t six hundr$ miles atta*$ to a load$ wagon1 & %e p]=m$ h] "p equally well ) ! ox4 ,x has be5 by no means an unusual ?+ = emigrant travel]s to "w c[s 9 _! teams4 ,! inhabitants ( ,pemb9a1 on ,r$ ,riv]1 "w a s+le ox h>ness$ 9 %afts l a horse1 & !y transport a ?\s& p\nds 9 a rude c>t made entirely ( wood1 )\t a p>ticle ( iron4 ,"o man drives & takes ! entire *>ge ( eight or t5 ( ^! teams ^u long j\rneys4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a v economical me?od ( transportation4 ,,/ores ,,& ,,provisions4 ,supplies = a m>* %\ld be put up 9 ! mo/ secure1 compact1 & portable %ape4 ,bacon %\ld be pack$ 9 /rong sacks ( a hundr$ p\nds to ea*2 or1 9 v hot climates1 put 9 boxes & surr\nd$ ) bran1 :i* 9 a great measure prev5ts ! fat f melt+ away4 ,if pork be us$1 9 ord] to avoid transport+ ab\t =ty p] c5t4 ( useless weight1 x %\ld be tak5 out ( ! b>rels & pack$ l ! bacon2 !n s plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! wagons z to keep x cool4 ,! pork1 if well cur$1 w keep sev]al mon?s 9 ?is way1 b bacon is pref]able4 ,fl\r %\ld be pack$ 9 /\t d\ble canvas sacks well sew$1 a hundr$ p\nds 9 ea* sack4 ,butt] may be pres]v$ by boil+ x ?or\ghly1 & skimm+ (f ! scum z x rises to ! top until x is q cle> l oil4 ,x is !n plac$ 9 t9 cani/]s & sold]$ up4 ,?is mode ( pres]v+ butt] has be5 adopt$ 9 ! hot climate ( s\!rn ,texas1 & x is f\nd to keep sweet = a great l5g? ( "t1 & its flavor is b little impair$ by ! process4 ,sug> may be well secur$ 9 ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a sacks1 or s plac$ 9 ! wagon z n to risk gett+ wet4 ,desiccat$ or dri$ vegetables are almo/ equal to ! fre%1 & are put up 9 su* a compact & portable =m z easily to be transport$ ov] ! pla9s4 ,!y h be5 ext5sively us$ 9 ! ,crimean w>1 & by our own army 9 ,utah1 & h be5 v g5]ally approv$4 ,!y are prep>$ by cutt+ ! fre% vegetables into ?9 slices & subject+ !m to a v p[]ful press1 :i* removes ! juice & leaves a solid cake1 :i*1 aft] hav+ be5 ?or\ghly dri$ 9 an ov51 becomes almo/ z h>d z a rock4 ,a small piece ( ?is1 ab\t half ! size ( a man's h&1 :5 boil$1 swells up s z to fill a vegetable di%1 & is suffici5t = f\r m54 ,x is believ$ t ! antiscorbutic prop]ties ( vegetables are n impair$ by desiccation1 & !y w keep = ye>s if n expos$ to dampness4 ,cann$ vegetables are v good = campaign+1 b are n s portable z :5 put up 9 ! o!r =m4 ,! desiccat$ vegetables us$ 9 our army h be5 prep>$ by ,*ollet & ,co41 #df ,rue ,ri*]1 ,p>is4 ,!re is an ag5cy = !m 9 ,new ,york4 ,i reg>d ^! compress$ vegetables z ! be/ prep>ation = prairie travel+ t has yet be5 discov]$4 ,a s+le ration weighs1 be=e be+ boil$1 only an ounce1 & a cubic y>d conta9s #af1jjj rations4 ,9 mak+ up _! outfit = ! pla9s1 m5 are v prone to ov]load _! teams ) a great v>iety ( useless articles4 ,x is a good rule to c>ry no?+ m ?an is absolutely necess>y = use ^u ! j\rney4 ,"o c n expect1 ) ! limit$ all[ance ( transportation t emigrants usually h1 to indulge 9 luxuries ^u su* exp$itions1 & articles = use 9 ,cali=nia c be pur*as$ !re at less co/ ?an t ( ov]l& transport4 ,! all[ance ( provisions = m5 9 m>*+ %\ld be mu* great] ?an :5 !y take no ex]cise4 ,! army ration ,i h always f\nd insuffici5t = soldi]s :o p]=m h>d s]vice1 yet x is ample = !m :5 9 qu>t]s4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! am\nt ( subsi/5ce consum$ p] day by ea* man ( ,dr4 ,rae's p>ty1 9 8 spr+ j\rney to ! ,arctic regions ( ,nor? ,am]ica 9 #ahed3 ,pemmican #a4be lbs4 ,biscuit #j4be ,edw>d's pres]v$ potatoes #j4aj ,fl\r #j4cc ,tea #j4jc ,sug> #j4ad ,grease or alcohol1 = cook+ #j4be ---- #b4ce lbs4 ,?is all[ance ( a little ov] two p\nds ( ! mo/ nutriti\s food 0 f\nd b>ely suffici5t to subsi/ ! m5 9 t cold climate4 ,! pemmican1 :i* con/itutes almo/ ! entire diet ( ! ,fur ,company's m5 9 ! ,nor?we/1 is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,! buffalo meat is cut into ?9 flakes1 & hung up to dry 9 ! sun or be=e a sl[ fire2 x is !n p\nd$ betwe5 two /ones & r$uc$ to a p[d]2 ?is p[d] is plac$ 9 a bag ( ! animal's hide1 ) ! hair on ! outside2 melt$ grease is !n p\r$ into x1 & ! bag sewn up4 ,x c be eat5 raw1 & _m pref] x s4 ,mix$ ) a little fl\r & boil$1 x is a v :olesome & exce$+ly nutriti\s food1 & w keep fre% = a long "t4 ,i w\ld advise all p]sons :o travel = any consid]able "t ?r\gh a c\ntry :]e !y c procure no vegetables to c>ry ) !m "s antiscorbutics1 & if !y c n transport desiccat$ or cann$ vegetables1 citric acid answ]s a good purpose1 & is v portable4 ,:5 mix$ ) sug> & wat]1 ) a few drops ( ! ess5ce ( lemon1 x is difficult to di/+ui% x f lemonade4 ,wild onions are excell5t z antiscorbutics2 also wild grapes & gre5s4 ,an infusion ( hemlock leaves is also said to be an antidote to scurvy4 ,! mo/ portable & simple prep>ation ( subsi/5ce t ,i "k (1 & :i* is us$ ext5sively by ! ,mexicans & ,indians1 is call$ cold fl\r4 ,x is made by p>*+ corn1 & p\nd+ x 9 a mort> to ! consi/5cy ( co>se meal2 a little sug> & c9namon add$ makes x q palatable4 ,:5 ! travel] becomes hungry or ?ir/y1 a little ( ! fl\r is mix$ ) wat] & drunk4 ,x is an excell5t article = a travel] :o desires to g ! greate/ l5g? ( "t ^u ! smalle/ am\nt ( transportation4 ,x is said t half a bu%el is suffici5t to subsi/ a man ?irty days4 ,p]sons und]go+ sev]e labor1 & driv5 to great extremities = food1 w d]ive su/5ance f v>i\s s\rces t w\ld nev] occur to !m "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,9 pass+ ov] ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s dur+ ! w9t] ( #aheg-h1 our supplies ( provisions 7 entirely consum$ eighte5 days be=e rea*+ ! fir/ settlem5ts 9 ,new ,mexico1 & we 7 oblig$ to resort to a v>iety ( exp$i5ts to supply ! defici5cy4 ,our poor mules 7 fa/ fail+ & dropp+ d[n f exhau/ion 9 ! deep sn[s1 & our only dep5d5ce = ! means ( su/a9+ life 0 ^u ^! />v$ animals z !y became uns]viceable & c\ld g no f>!r4 ,we _h no salt1 sug>1 c(fee1 or tobacco1 :i*1 at a "t :5 m5 are p]=m+ ! sev]e/ labor t ! human sy/em is capable ( endur+1 0 a great privation4 ,9 ?is de/itute condition we f\nd a sub/itute = tobacco 9 ! b>k ( ! r$ will[1 :i* gr[s ^u _m ( ! m\nta9 /reams 9 t vic9ity4 ,! out] b>k is fir/ remov$ ) a knife1 aft] :i* ! inn] b>k is scrap$ up into ridges ar\nd ! /icks1 & held 9 ! fire until x is ?or\ghly roa/$1 :5 x is tak5 (f ! /ick1 pulv]iz$ 9 ! h&1 & is ready = smok+4 ,x has ! n>cotic prop]ties ( ! tobacco1 & is q agreeable to ! ta/e & smell4 ,! suma* leaf is also us$ by ! ,indians 9 ! same way1 & has a simil> ta/e to ! will[ b>k4 ,a decoction ( ! dri$ wild or horse m9t1 :i* we f\nd abundant "u ! sn[1 0 q palatable1 & answ]$ in/ead ( c(fee4 ,x dries up 9 t climate1 b does n lose its flavor4 ,we suff]$ greatly = ! want ( salt2 b1 by burn+ ! outside ( our mule /eaks1 & spr9kl+ a little gunp[d] ^u !m1 x did n require a v ext5sive /ret* ( ! imag9ation to fancy ! pres5ce ( bo? salt & pepp]4 ,we tri$ ! meat ( horse1 colt1 & mules1 all ( :i* 7 9 a />v$ condition1 & ( c\rse n v t5d]1 juicy1 or nutriti\s4 ,we consum$ ! enorm\s am\nt ( f five to six p\nds ( ?is meat p] man daily1 b cont9u$ to gr[ weak & ?91 until1 at ! expiration ( twelve days1 we 7 able to p]=m b little labor1 & 7 cont9ually crav+ = fat meat4 ,! all[ance ( provisions = ea* gr[n p]son1 to make ! j\rney f ! ,miss\ri ,riv] to ,cali=nia1 %\ld suffice = #aaj days4 ,! foll[+ is deem$ requisite1 viz43 #aej lbs4 ( fl\r1 or its equival5t 9 h>d bread2 #be lbs4 ( bacon or pork1 & en\gh fre% beef to be driv5 on ! ho( to make up ! meat compon5t ( ! ration2 #ae lbs4 ( c(fee1 & #be lbs4 ( sug>2 also a quantity ( sal]atus or yea/ p[d]s = mak+ bread1 & salt & pepp]4 ,^! are ! *ief articles ( subsi/5ce necess>y = ! trip1 & !y %\ld be us$ ) economy1 res]v+ a good portion = ! we/]n half ( ! j\rney4 ,h]et(ore _m ( ! ,cali=nia emigrants h improvid5tly exhau/$ _! /ocks ( provisions be=e rea*+ _! j\rney's end1 & h1 9 _m cases1 be5 oblig$ to pay ! mo/ exorbitant prices 9 mak+ up ! defici5cy4 ,x is true t if p]sons *oose to pass ?r\gh ,salt ,lake ,city1 & ! ,mormons happ5 to be 9 an amiable mood1 supplies may sometimes be procur$ f !m2 b ^? :o h visit$ !m well "k h[ little reliance is to be plac$ ^u _! hospitality or _s ( accommodation4 ,i once travel$ ) a p>ty ( ,new ,york]s en r\te = ,cali=nia4 ,!y 7 p]fectly ignorant ( e ?+ relat+ to ?is k9d ( campaign+1 & _h ov]load$ _! wagons ) almo/ e ?+ except ! v articles mo/ important & necess>y2 ! consequ5ce 01 t !y exhau/$ _! teams1 & 7 oblig$ to ?r[ away ! great] "p ( _! load+4 ,!y soon le>n$ t ,*ampagne1 ,ea/ ,india sweetmeats1 olives1 etc41 etc41 7 n ! mo/ useful articles = a prairie t\r4 ,,clo?+4 ,a suitable dress = prairie travel+ is ( great import to heal? & com=t4 ,cotton or l95 fabrics d n suffici5tly protect ! body aga9/ ! direct rays ( ! sun at midday1 nor aga9/ ra9s or sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature4 ,wool1 be+ a non-conductor1 is ! be/ mat]ial = ?is mode ( locomotion1 & %\ld always be adopt$ = ! pla9s4 ,! coat %\ld be %ort & /\t1 ! %irt ( r$ or blue flannel1 su* z c be f\nd 9 almo/ all ! %ops on ! fronti]3 ?is1 9 w>m wea!r1 answ]s = an outside g>m5t4 ,! pants %\ld be ( ?ick & s(t wool5 mat]ial1 & x is well to h !m re-en=c$ on ! inside1 :]e !y come 9 contact ) ! saddle1 ) s(t bucksk91 :i* makes !m m durable & com=table4 ,wool5 socks & /\t boots1 com+ up well at ! knees1 & made l>ge1 s z to admit ! pants1 w be f\nd ! be/ = horsem51 & !y gu>d aga9/ rattlesnake bites4 ,9 travel+ ?r\gh deep sn[ dur+ v cold wea!r 9 w9t]1 moccas9s are pref]able to boots or %oes1 z be+ m pliable1 & all[+ a fre] circulation ( ! blood4 ,9 cross+ ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s 9 ! w9t]1 ! wea!r be+ int5sely cold1 ,i wore two pairs ( wool5 socks1 & a squ>e piece ( ?ick blanket suffici5t to cov] ! feet & ankles1 ov] :i* 7 drawn a pair ( ?ick bucksk9 moccas9s1 & ! :ole envelop$ 9 a pair ( buffalo-sk9 boots ) ! hair inside1 made op5 9 ! front & ti$ ) bucksk9 /r+s4 ,at ! same "t ,i wore a pair ( elksk9 pants1 :i* mo/ effectually prev5t$ ! air f p5etrat+ to ! sk91 & made an excell5t def5se aga9/ bru% & ?orns4 ,my m51 :o 7 dress$ 9 ! regulation clo?+1 wore out _! pants & %oes be=e we rea*$ ! summit ( ! m\nta9s1 & _m ( !m _h _! feet badly froz5 9 consequ5ce4 ,!y m5d$ _! %oes ) pieces ( lea!r cut f ! saddle-skirts z long z !y la/$1 &1 :5 ?is mat]ial 0 gone1 !y cov]$ ! entire %oe ) gre5 beeve or mule hide1 drawn toge!r & sew$ ^u ! top1 ) ! hair inside1 :i* protect$ ! upp] z well z ! sole lea!r4 ,! sew+ 0 done ) an awl & bucksk9 /r+s4 ,^! simple exp$i5ts contribut$ greatly to ! com=t ( ! p>ty2 &1 inde$1 ,i am by no means sure t !y did n1 9 our /rait5$ condition1 )\t ! transportation necess>y = c>ry+ disabl$ m51 save ! lives ( "s ( !m4 ,)\t ! awl & bucksk9s we %\ld h be5 unable to h repair$ ! %oes4 ,!y %\ld nev] be =gott5 9 mak+ up ! outfit = a prairie exp$ition4 ,we also exp]i5c$ great inconv5i5ce & pa9 by ! reflection ( ! sun's rays f ! sn[ ^u our eyes1 & "s ( ! p>ty became ne>ly sn[-bl9d4 ,gre5 or blue glasses1 inclos$ 9 a wire net-"w1 are an effectual protection to ! eyes2 b1 9 ! abs5ce ( ^!1 ! sk9 ar\nd ! eyes & ^u ! nose %\ld be black5$ ) wet p[d] or *>coal1 :i* w af=d great relief4 ,9 ! summ] season %oes are mu* bett] = footm5 ?an boots1 z !y are light]1 & d n cramp ! ankles2 ! soles %\ld be broad1 s z to all[ a squ>e1 firm tread1 )\t di/ort+ or p9*+ ! feet4 ,! foll[+ li/ ( articles is deem$ a suffici5t outfit = "o man ^u a ?ree mon?s' exp$ition1 viz43 #b blue or r$ flannel ov]%irts1 op5 9 front1 ) buttons4 #b wool5 und]%irts4 #b pairs ?ick cotton draw]s4 #d pairs wool5 socks4 #b pairs cotton socks4 #d color$ silk h&k]*iefs4 #b pairs /\t %oes1 = footm54 #a pair boots1 = horsem54 #a pair %oes1 = horsem54 #c t[els4 #a gutta p]*a pon*o4 #a broad-brimm$ hat ( s(t felt4 #a comb & bru%4 #b too?-bru%es4 #a p\nd ,ca/ile soap4 #c p\nds b> soap = wa%+ clo!s4 #a belt-knife & small :et/one4 ,/\t l95 ?read1 l>ge ne$les1 a bit ( beeswax1 a few buttons1 pap] ( p9s1 & a ?imble1 all conta9$ 9 a small bucksk9 or /\t clo? bag4 ,! =ego+ articles1 ) ! coat & ov]coat1 complete ! w>drobe4 ,,camp ,,equipage4 ,! b$d+ = ea* p]son %\ld consi/ ( two blankets1 a com=t]1 & a pill[1 & a gutta p]*a or pa9t$ canvas clo? to spread b5ea? ! b$ ^u ! gr\nd1 & to conta9 x :5 roll$ up = transportation4 ,e mess ( six or eight p]sons w require a wr\ght-iron camp kettle1 l>ge en\gh = boil+ meat & mak+ s\p2 a c(fee-pot & cups ( heavy t91 ) ! h&les rivet$ on2 t9 plates1 fry+ & bake pans ( wr\ght iron1 ! latt] = bak+ bread & roa/+ c(fee4 ,also a mess pan ( heavy t9 or wr\ght iron = mix+ bread & o!r cul9>y purposes2 knives1 =ks1 & spoons2 an extra camp kettle2 t9 or gutta p]*a bucket = wat]--wood1 be+ liable to %r9k & fall to pieces1 is n deem$ suitable2 an axe1 hat*et1 & spade w also be ne$$1 ) a mallet = driv+ picket-p9s4 ,mat*es %\ld be c>ri$ 9 bottles & cork$ tight1 s z to exclude ! moi/ure4 ,a little blue mass1 qu99e1 opium1 & "s ca?>tic m$ic9e1 put up 9 doses = adults1 w suffice = ! m$ic9e-*e/4 ,ea* ox wagon %\ld be provid$ ) a cov]$ t>-bucket1 fill$ ) a mixture ( t> or res9 & grease1 two b[s extra1 six ,s's1 & six op5 l9ks = repair+ *a9s4 ,e set ( six wagons %\ld h a tongue1 c\pl+ pole1 k+-bolt1 & pair ( h\nds extra4 ,e set ( six mule wagons %\ld be furni%$ ) five pairs ( hames1 two d\ble trees1 f\r :ipple-trees1 & two pairs ( lead b>s extra4 ,two l>iats w be ne$$ = e horse & mule1 z "o g5]ally we>s out be=e rea*+ ! end ( a long j\rney4 ,!y w be f\nd useful 9 cross+ deep /reams1 & 9 lett+ wagons d[n /eep hills & m\nta9s2 also 9 repair+ brok5 wagons4 ,l>iats made ( hemp are ! be/4 ,"o ( ! mo/ indisp5sable articles to ! outfit ( ! prairie travel] is bucksk94 ,= repair+ h>ness1 saddles1 bridles1 & num]\s o!r purposes ( daily necessity1 ! awl & bucksk9 w be f\nd 9 con/ant requisition4 ,,arms4 ,e man :o goes into ! ,indian c\ntry %\ld be arm$ ) a rifle & revolv]1 & he %\ld nev]1 ei!r 9 camp or out ( x1 lose sight ( !m4 ,:5 n on ! m>*1 !y %\ld be plac$ 9 su* a position t !y c be seiz$ at an in/ant's w>n+2 & :5 mov+ ab\t outside ! camp1 ! revolv] %\ld inv>iably be worn 9 ! belt1 z ! p]son does n "k at :at mom5t he may h use = x4 ,a great div]sity ( op9ion obta9s reg>d+ ! k9d ( rifle t is ! mo/ effici5t & be/ adapt$ to ,indian w>f>e1 & ! "q is p]haps z yet v f> f be+ settl$ to ! satisfaction ( all4 ,a l>ge majority ( m5 pref] ! bree*-load+ arm1 b !re are ^? :o /ill adh]e t5aci\sly to ! old-fa%ion$ muzzle-load+ rifle z pref]able to any ( ! mod]n inv5tions4 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ ! bord] hunt]s & m\nta9e]s1 :o c n be p]suad$ to use any o!r ?an ! ,hawk9s rifle1 = ! reason t !y "k no?+ ab\t ! m]its ( any o!rs4 ,my own exp]i5ce has =c$ me to ! conclusion t ! bree*-load+ arm possesses great advantages ov] ! muzzle-load+1 = ! reason t x c be *>g$ & fir$ ) mu* great] rapidity4 ,colt's revolv+ pi/ol is v g5]ally admitt$1 bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 to be ! mo/ effici5t arm ( its k9d kn[n at ! pres5t day4 ,z ! same pr9ciples are involv$ 9 ! fabrication ( 8 bree*-load+ rifle z are f\nd 9 ! pi/ol1 ! conviction to me is irresi/ible t1 if "o arm is wor?y ( consid]ation1 ! o!r is equally s4 ,= my own "p1 ,i look ^u ,colt's new pat5t rifle z a mo/ excell5t arm = bord] s]vice4 ,x gives six %ots 9 m rapid succession ?an any o!r rifle ,i "k (1 & ^!1 if prop]ly exp5d$1 are (t5times suffici5t to decide a conte/2 moreov]1 x is ! mo/ reliable & c]ta9 weapon to fire t ,i h ev] us$1 & ,i c n resi/ ! =ce ( my conviction t1 if ,i 7 alone ^u ! prairies1 & expect$ an attack f a body ( ,indians1 ,i am n acqua9t$ ) any arm ,i w\ld z soon h 9 my h&s z ?is4 ,! army & navy revolv]s h bo? be5 us$ 9 our army1 b ! (fic]s are n unit$ 9 op9ion 9 reg>d to _! relative m]its4 ,i pref] ! l>ge army size1 = reasons :i* w be giv5 h]eaft]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,m>*+4 ,treatm5t ( ,animals4 ,wat]4 ,diff]5t me?ods ( f9d+ & purify+ x4 ,j\rnadas4 ,me?ods ( cross+ !m4 ,advance & ,re> ,gu>ds4 ,selection ( ,camp4 ,sanit>y ,consid]ations4 ,dr4 ,jackson's ,report4 ,picket ,gu>ds4 ,/amp$es4 ,h[ to prev5t !m4 ,corral+ ,wagons4 ,,m>*+4 ,! success ( a long exp$ition ?r\gh an unpopulat$ c\ntry dep5ds ma9ly on ! c>e tak5 ( ! animals1 & ! mann] 9 :i* !y are driv51 h]d$1 & gu>d$4 ,if !y are brok5 d[n or lo/1 e ?+ mu/ be sacrific$1 & ! p>ty becomes p]fectly helpless4 ,! great error into :i* inexp]i5c$ travel]s are liable to fall1 & :i* probably occasions m suff]+ & disa/] ?an almo/ any ?+ else1 lies 9 ov]work+ _! cattle at ! comm5cem5t ( ! j\rney4 ,to obviate ?is1 %ort & easy drives %\ld be made until ! teams become habituat$ to _! "w1 & gradually inur$ to ?is p>ticul> me?od ( travel+4 ,if animals are ov]load$ & ov]work$ :5 !y fir/ />t out into ! prairies1 especially if !y h rec5tly be5 tak5 f gra91 !y soon fall away1 & give out be=e rea*+ ! end ( ! j\rney4 ,grass & wat] are abundant & good ^u ! ea/]n portions ( all ! diff]5t ov]l& r\tes2 animals %\ld n1 !re=e1 ) prop] c>e1 fall away 9 ! lea/ be=e rea*+ ! m\nta9s1 z we/ ( !m are long /ret*es :]e grass & wat] are sc>ce1 & x requires ! full am\nt ( /r5g? & vigor ( animals 9 good condition to endure ! fatigues & h>d labor att5dant ^u ! passage ( ^! des]ts4 ,driv]s %\ld be closely wat*$1 & nev]1 unless absolutely necess>y1 p]mitt$ to beat _! animals1 or to =ce !m out ( a walk1 z ?is w soon break d[n ! be/ teams4 ,^? team/]s :o make ! lea/ use ( ! :ip inv>iably keep _! animals 9 ! be/ condition4 ,unless ! driv]s are *eck$ at ! outset1 !y are v apt to fall into ! habit ( flogg+ _! teams4 ,x is n only :olly unnecess>y b cruel1 & %\ld nev] be tol]at$4 ,9 travel+ ) ox teams 9 ! summ] season1 great b5efit w be d]iv$ f mak+ e>ly m>*es2 />t+ ) ! dawn1 & mak+ a noon+ dur+ ! heat ( ! day1 z ox5 suff] mu* f ! heat ( ! sun 9 midsumm]4 ,^! noon halts %\ld1 if possible1 be s arrang$ z to be ne> grass & wat]1 :]e ! animals c improve _! "t 9 graz+4 ,:5 x gets cool !y may be hit*$ to ! wagons aga91 & ! j\rney cont9u$ 9 ! aft]noon4 ,sixte5 or eighte5 miles a day may ?us be made )\t injury to ! bea/s1 & long] drives c nev] be exp$i5t1 unless 9 ord] to rea* grass or wat]4 ,:5 ! requisites = encamp+ c n be f\nd at ! desir$ int]vals1 x is bett] = ! animals to make a v long drive ?an to encamp )\t wat] or grass4 ,! noon halt 9 su* cases may be made )\t wat]1 & ! ev5+ drive l5g!n$4 ,,wat]4 ,! sc>city ( wat] ^u "s ( ! r\tes across ! pla9s occasionally exposes ! travel] to int5se suff]+1 & r5d]s x a matt] ( mu* importance = him to le>n ! be/ me?ods ( gu>d+ aga9/ ! disa/]s liable to occur to m5 & animals 9 ! abs5ce ( ?is mo/ necess>y elem5t4 ,9 m\nta9\s di/ricts wat] c g5]ally be f\nd ei!r 9 spr+s1 ! dry b$s ( /reams1 or 9 holes 9 ! rocks1 :]e !y are %elt]$ f rapid evaporation4 ,= example1 9 ! ,hueco tanks1 ?irty miles ea/ ( ,el ,paso1 ,new ,mexico1 ^u ! ,=t ,smi? road1 :]e !re is an imm5se res]voir 9 a cave1 wat] c always be f\nd4 ,?is res]voir receives ! dra9age ( a m\nta94 ,dur+ a season ( ! ye> :5 !re are occasional %[]s1 wat] w g5]ally be f\nd 9 l[ places :]e !re is a sub/ratum ( clay1 b aft] ! dry season has set 9 ^! pools evaporate1 & x is necess>y to dig wells4 ,! l[e/ spots %\ld be select$ = ?is purpose :5 ! grass is gre5 & ! surface e>? moi/4 ,9 se>*+ = wat] along ! dry s&y b$s ( /reams1 x is well to try ! e>? ) a /ick or ramrod1 & if ?is indicates moi/ure wat] w g5]ally be obta9$ by excavation4 ,/reams (t5 s9k 9 light & por\s s&1 & sometimes make _! appe>ance aga9 l[] d[n1 :]e ! b$ is m t5aci\s2 b x is a rule ) prairie travel]s1 9 se>*+ = wat] 9 a s&y c\ntry1 to asc5d ! /reams1 & ! ne>] _! s\rces are approa*$ ! m wat] w be f\nd 9 a dry season4 ,:]e x becomes necess>y to s9k a well 9 a /ream ! b$ ( :i* is quicks&1 a fl\r-b>rel1 p]=at$ ) small holes1 %\ld be us$ z a curb1 to prev5t ! s& f cav+ 94 ,! b>rel mu/ be =c$ d[n z ! s& is remov$2 & :51 z is (t5 ! case1 !re is an und]curr5t ?r\gh ! s&1 ! well w be cont9ually fill$ ) wat]4 ,!re are _m indications ( wat] kn[n to old campaign]s1 al?\gh none ( !m are absolutely infallible4 ,! mo/ c]ta9 ( !m are deep gre5 cottonwood or will[ trees gr[+ 9 depress$ localities2 also flags1 wat]-ru%es1 tall gre5 grass1 etc4 ,! fre% tracks & trails ( animals conv]g+ t[>d a common c5tre1 & ! flight ( birds & wat]-f[l t[>d ! same po9ts1 w also lead to wat]4 ,9 a section frequ5t$ by de] or mu/angs1 x may be c]ta9 t wat] is n f> di/ant1 z ^! animals dr9k daily1 & !y w n rema9 long 9 a locality aft] ! wat] has dri$ up4 ,de] g5]ally g to wat] dur+ ! middle ( ! day1 b birds t[>d ev5+4 ,a supply ( dr9k+ wat] may be obta9$ dur+ a %[] f ! dripp+s ( a t5t1 or by susp5d+ a clo? or blanket by ! f\r corn]s & hang+ a small weight to ! c5tre1 s z to all[ all ! ra9 to run t[>d "o po9t1 f :5ce x drops into a vessel b5ea?4 ,india-rubb]1 gutta-p]*a1 or pa9t$ canvas clo?s answ] a v good purpose = cat*+ wat] dur+ a ra91 b !y %\ld be previ\sly well wa%$1 to prev5t !m f imp>t+ a bad ta/e4 ,:5 !re are heavy dews wat] may be collect$ by spread+ out a blanket ) a /ick atta*$ to "o end1 ty+ a rope to x1 dragg+ x ov] ! grass1 & wr++ out ! wat] z x accumulates4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,au/ralia ?is me?od is practic$4 ,9 trav]s+ ! c\ntry ^u ! head wat]s ( ,r$ ,riv] dur+ ! summ] ( #aheb1 we suff]$ mo/ sev]ely f ?ir/1 hav+ no?+ b ! acrid & bitt] wat]s f ! riv]1 :i*1 issu+ f a gypsum =mation1 0 highly *>g$ ) salts1 &1 :5 tak5 into ! /oma*1 did n qu5* ?ir/ 9 ! slighte/ degree1 b1 on ! contr>y1 produc$ a mo/ pa9ful & burn+ s5sation1 accompani$ ) di>rhoea4 ,dur+ ! f\r days t we 7 compell$ to dr9k ?is wat] ! !rmomet] rose to #ajd deg4 9 ! %ade1 & ! only relief we f\nd 0 f ba?+ 9 ! riv]4 ,! use ( wat] is a matt] ( habit1 v mu* )9 our control1 z by practice we may discipl9e ourselves s z to require b a small am\nt4 ,"s p]sons1 = example1 :o place no re/ra9t ^u _! appetites1 w1 if !y c get x1 dr9k wat] tw5ty times a day1 :ile o!rs w n p]haps dr9k m ?an once or twice dur+ ! same "t4 ,i h f\nd a v effectual prev5tive to ?ir/ by dr9k+ a l>ge quantity ( wat] be=e breakfa/1 &1 on feel+ ?ir/y on ! m>*1 *ew+ a small gre5 twig or leaf4 ,wat] tak5 f /agnant pools1 *>g$ ) putrid vegetable matt] & animalculae1 w\ld be v likely to g5]ate fev]s & dys5t]ies if tak5 into ! /oma* )\t purification4 ,x %\ld !re=e be ?or\ghly boil$1 & all ! scum remov$ f ! surface z x rises2 ?is cl>ifies x1 & by mix+ p[d]$ *>coal ) x ! dis9fect+ process is p]fect$4 ,wat] may also be purifi$ by plac+ a piece ( alum 9 ! end ( a /ick t has be5 split1 & /irr+ x ar\nd 9 a bucket ( wat]4 ,*>coal & ! leaves ( ! prickly pe> are also us$ = ! same purpose4 ,i h rec5tly se5 a compact & portable filt]1 made ( *>coal1 :i* cl>ifies ! wat] v effectually1 & draws x (f on ! siphon pr9ciple4 ,x c be obta9$ at #he ,we/ ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 = "o doll> & a half4 ,wat] may be p>tially filt]$ 9 a muddy pond by tak+ a b>rel & bor+ ! l[] half full ( holes1 !n fill+ x up ) grass or moss above ! upp] holes1 aft] :i* x is plac$ 9 ! pond ) ! top above ! surface4 ,! wat] filt]s ?r\gh ! grass or moss1 & rises 9 ! b>rel to a level ) ! pond4 ,travel]s frequ5tly dr9k muddy wat] by plac+ a clo? or h&k]*ief ov] ! m\? ( a cup to cat* ! l>g] p>ticles ( dirt & animalculae4 ,wat] may be cool$ s z to be q palatable by wrapp+ clo?s ar\nd ! vessels conta9+ x1 wett+ !m1 & hang+ !m 9 ! air1 :]e a rapid evaporation w be produc$4 ,"s ( ! fronti]-m5 use a lea!rn sack = c>ry+ wat]3 ?is is por\s1 & all[s ! necess>y evaporation )\t wett+4 ,! ,arabs also use a lea!rn bottle1 :i* !y call zemsemiyah4 ,:5 !y are en r\te !y hang x on ! %ady side ( a camel1 :]e ! evaporation keeps ! wat] cont9ually cool4 ,no exp$ition %\ld ev] set out into ! pla9s )\t be+ suppli$ ) ! means = c>ry+ wat]1 especially 9 an unkn[n region4 ,if wood5 kegs are us$ !y mu/ frequ5tly be look$ aft]1 & soak$1 9 ord] t !y may n %r9k & fall to pieces4 ,m51 9 m>*+ 9 a hot climate1 ?r[ (f a great am\nt ( p]spiration f ! sk91 & require a correspond+ quantity ( wat] to supply ! defici5cy1 & unless !y get ?is !y suff] greatly4 ,:5 a p>ty makes an exp$ition into a des]t section1 :]e !re is a probability ( f9d+ no wat]1 & int5d to return ov] ! same track1 x is well to c>ry wat] z f> z conv5i5t1 & bury x 9 ! gr\nd = use on ! return trip4 ,capta9 ,/urt1 :5 he explor$ ,au/ralia1 took a tank 9 8 c>t1 :i* bur/1 &1 besides t1 he c>ri$ casks ( wat]4 ,by ^! he 0 enabl$ to face a des]t c\ntry ) a success :i* no travel] _h ev] atta9$ to4 ,= in/ance1 :5 return+ homew>d1 ! wat] 0 f\nd to be dry+ up f ! c\ntry on all sides ( him4 ,he 0 at a pool1 & ! next /age 0 #aah miles1 at ! end ( :i* x 0 d\btful if !re rema9$ any wat]4 ,x 0 necess>y to s5d to reconnoitre1 & to furni% ! mess5g] ) means ( return+ %\ld ! pool be f\nd dry4 ,he kill$ a bullock1 sk9n$ x1 &1 fill+ ! sk9 ) wat] 7:i* held #aej gallons71 s5t x by an ox dray #cj miles1 ) ord]s to bury x & to return4 ,%ortly aft] he dispat*$ a light "o-horse c>t1 c>ry+ #cf gallons ( wat]2 ! horse & man 7 to dr9k at ! hide & g on4 ,?us !y _h #cf gallons to supply !m = a j\rney ( #agf miles1 or six days at #cj miles a day1 at ! close ( :i* !y w\ld return to ! ox hide--sleep+1 9 fact1 five nights on #cf gallons ( wat]4 ,?is a h>dy1 well-driv5 horse c\ld d1 ev5 9 ! hotte/ climate4#b #b ,f4 ,galton's ,art ( ,travel1 p4 #ag & #ah4 ,,j\rnadas4 ,9 "s localities #ej or #fj miles1 & ev5 great] di/ances1 are frequ5tly trav]s$ )\t wat]2 ^! long /ret*es are call$ by ! ,mexicans j\rnadas1 or day's j\rneys4 ,!re is "o 9 ,new ,mexico call$ ,j\rnada del ,mu]to1 :i* is #gh-a_/b miles 9 l5g?1 :]e1 9 a dry season1 !re is n a drop ( wat]2 yet1 ) prop] c>e1 ?is drive c be made ) ox or mule teams1 & )\t loss or injury to ! animals4 ,on arriv+ at ! la/ camp+-gr\nd be=e ent]+ ^u ! j\rnada1 all ! animals %\ld be z well re/$ & refre%$ z possible4 ,to insure ?is1 !y mu/ be turn$ out ^u ! be/ grass t c be f\nd1 & all[$ to eat & dr9k z mu* z !y desire dur+ ! entire halt4 ,%\ld ! wea!r be v w>m1 & ! teams compos$ ( ox51 ! m>* %\ld n be resum$ until x beg9s to cool 9 ! aft]noon4 ,!y %\ld be c>efully wat]$ j previ\s to be+ hit*$ up & />t$ out ^u ! j\rnada1 ! wat]-kegs hav+ be5 previ\sly fill$4 ,! drive is !n comm5c$1 & cont9u$ dur+ ! entire night1 ) #aj or #ae m9utes re/ e two h\rs4 ,ab\t daylight a halt %\ld be made1 & ! animals imm$iately turn$ out to graze = two h\rs1 dur+ :i* "t1 especially if !re is dew ^u ! grass1 !y w h become consid]ably refre%$1 & may be put to ! wagons aga9 & driv5 until ! heat becomes oppressive t[>d noon1 :5 !y are aga9 turn$ out ^u a spot :]e ! grass is good1 &1 if possible1 :]e !re are %ade trees4 ,ab\t f\r o'clock ,p4,m4 !y are aga9 />t$1 & ! m>* cont9u$ into ! night1 & z long z !y c be driv5 )\t suff]+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re %\ld be dew1 :i* is seldom ! case on ! pla9s1 x w\ld be well to turn out ! animals sev]al times dur+ ! second night1 & by morn+1 if !y are 9 good condition1 ! j\rnada ( #gj or #hj miles w h be5 pass$ )\t any great am\nt ( suff]+4 ,i am suppos+1 9 ?is case1 t ! road is firm & free f s&4 ,_m p]sons h be5 "u ! impression t animals1 9 trav]s+ ! pla9s1 w\ld p]=m bett] & keep 9 bett] condition by all[+ !m to graze 9 ! morn+ be=e comm5c+ ! day's m>*1 :i* involves ! necessity ( mak+ late />ts1 & driv+ dur+ ! heat ( ! day4 ,! same p]sons h be5 ( ! op9ion t animals w graze only at p>ticul> h\rs2 t ! rema9d] ( ! day mu/ be all[$ !m = re/ & sleep1 & t1 unless ^! rules be obs]v$1 !y w\ld n ?rive4 ,?is op9ion is1 h[ev]1 errone\s1 z animals w 9 a few days adapt !mselves to any circum/ances1 s f> z reg>ds _! h\rs ( labor1 re/1 & refre%m5t4 ,if !y h be5 accu/om$ to "w at p>ticul> p]iods ( ! day1 & ! ord] ( ?+s is sudd5ly rev]s$1 ! work+ h\rs *ang$ into h\rs ( re/1 & vice v]sa1 !y may n d z well = a %ort "t1 b !y w soon accu/om !mselves to ! *ange1 & eat & re/ z well z be=e4 ,by mak+ e>ly drives dur+ ! summ] mon?s ! heat ( ! day is avoid$1 :]eas1 ,i repeat1 if all[$ to graze be=e />t+1 ! m>* c n comm5ce until x gr[s w>m1 :5 animals1 especially ox51 w suff] greatly f ! heat ( ! sun1 & w n d z well z :5 ! o!r plan is pursu$4 ,ox5 ^u a long j\rney w sometimes we> d[n _! ho(s & become lame4 ,:5 ?is occurs1 a ?ick piece ( raw hide wrapp$ ar\nd ! foot & ti$ firmly to ! leg w obviate ! difficulty1 provid$ ! wea!r is n wet2 = if s1 ! %oe soon we>s out4 ,mexican & ,indian horses & mules w make long j\rneys )\t be+ %od1 z _! ho(s are t\gh & ela/ic1 & we> away v gradually2 !y w1 h[ev]1 9 "t become v smoo?1 mak+ x difficult = !m to travel ^u grass4 ,a tra9 ( wagons %\ld always be kept clos$ ^u a m>*2 & if1 z (t5 happ5s1 a p>ticul> wagon gets out ( ord] & is oblig$ to halt1 x %\ld be turn$ out ( ! road1 to let ! o!rs pass :ile ! injury is be+ repair$4 ,z soon z ! brok5 wagon is 9 ord]1 x %\ld fall into ! l9e :]ev] x happ5s to be4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a wagon break+ d[n s z to require important repairs1 m5 %\ld be imm$iately dispat*$ ) ! necess>y tools & mat]ials1 :i* %\ld be plac$ 9 ! tra9 :]e !y c readily be got at1 & a gu>d %\ld be left to escort ! wagon to camp aft] hav+ be5 repair$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! damage be s s]i\s z to require any great l5g? ( "t to repair x1 ! load %\ld be transf]r$ to o!r wagons1 s t ! team :i* is left beh9d w be able to travel rapidly & ov]take ! tra94 ,if ! brok5 wagon is a poor "o1 & !re be abundance ( bett] ones1 ! accid5t be+ su* z to involve mu* delay = its repair1 x may be wise to ab&on x1 tak+ f x su* p>ts z may possibly be want$ 9 repair+ o!r wagons4 ,,advance ,,& ,,re> ,,gu>ds4 ,a few m51 well m\nt$1 %\ld con/itute ! advance & re> gu>ds = ea* tra9 ( wagons pass+ ?r\gh ! ,indian c\ntry4 ,_! duty w be to keep a vigilant look-out 9 all directions1 & to reconnoitre places :]e ,indians w\ld be likely to lie 9 ambu%4 ,%\ld ho/ile ,indians be discov]$1 ! fact %\ld be at once report$ to ! comm&]1 :o 7if he anticipates an attack7 w rapidly =m 8 wagons into a circle or corral1 ) ! animals t[>d ! c5tre1 & ! m5 on ! inside1 ) _! arms 9 read9ess to repel an attack f )\t4 ,if ^! arrangem5ts be prop]ly att5d$ to1 few p>ties ( ,indians w v5ture to make an attack1 z !y are well aw>e t "s ( _! w>riors might pay ) _! lives ! =feit ( su* indiscretion4 ,i "k an in/ance :]e "o resolute man1 pursu$ = sev]al days by a l>ge p>ty ( ,coman*es on ! ,santa ,fe trace1 def5d$ himself by dism\nt+ & po9t+ 8 rifle at ! =emo/ :5ev] !y came ne> him1 :i* always _h ! effect ( turn+ !m back4 ,?is 0 repeat$ s (t5 t ! ,indians f9ally ab&on$ ! pursuit1 & left ! travel] to pursue 8 j\rney )\t f>!r mole/ation4 ,dur+ all ?is "t he did n dis*>ge 8 rifle2 _h he done s he w\ld d\btless h be5 kill$4 ,,selection ,,( ,,camps4 ,! security ( animals1 &1 inde$1 ! g5]al safety ( a p>ty1 9 travel+ ?r\gh a c\ntry occupi$ by ho/ile ,indians1 dep5ds greatly ^u ! judici\s selection ( camps4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important consid]ations t %\ld influ5ce ! *oice ( a locality is its capability = def5se4 ,if ! camp be pit*$ beside a /ream1 a concave b5d1 :]e ! wat] is deep1 ) a s(t alluvial b$ inclos$ by high & abrupt banks1 w be ! mo/ def5sible1 & all ! m %\ld ! concavity =m a p59sula4 ,! advantages ( su* a position are obvi\s to a soldi]'s eye1 z t "p ( ! encampm5t inclos$ by ! /ream is naturally secure1 & leaves only "o side to be def5d$4 ,! concavity ( ! b5d w enable ! def5d+ p>ty to cross its fire 9 case ( attack f ! expos$ side4 ,! b5d ( ! /ream w also =m an excell5t corral 9 :i* to secure animals f a /amp$e1 & !reby dim9i% ! numb] ( s5t9els ne$ful ar\nd ! camp4 ,9 h]d+ animals at night )9 ! b5d ( a /ream1 a spot %\ld be select$ :]e no clumps ( bru% gr[ on ! side :]e ! animals are po/$4 ,if ?ickets ( bru% c n be avoid$1 s5t9els %\ld be plac$ ne> !m1 to gu>d aga9/ ,indians1 :o might take advantage ( ?is cov] to /eal animals1 or %oot !m d[n ) arr[s1 be=e _! pres5ce 7 kn[n4 ,9 camp+ away f /reams1 x is advisable to select a position 9 :i* "o or m sides ( ! encampm5t %all re/ ^u ! cre/ ( an abrupt hill or bluff4 ,! prairie ,indians make _! camps ^u ! summits ( ! hills1 :5ce !y c see 9 all directions1 & ?us avoid a surprise4 ,! l9e ( t5ts %\ld be pit*$ on t side ( ! camp mo/ expos$ to attack1 & s5t9els s po/$ t !y may give al>m 9 "t = ! ma9 body to rally & prep>e = def5se4 ,,sanit>y ,,consid]ations4 ,:5 camp+ ne> riv]s & lakes surr\nd$ by l>ge bodies ( timb] & a luxuriant vegetation1 :i* produces a great am\nt ( decomposition & consequ5t exhalations ( mal>ia1 x is important to asc]ta9 :at localities w be ! lea/ likely to g5]ate disease1 & to affect ! sanit>y condition ( m5 occupy+ !m4 ,?is subject has be5 ?or\ghly exam9$ by ,dr4 ,rob]t ,johnson1 ,inspector ,g5]al ( ,hospitals 9 ! ,engli% army 9 #ahde2 &1 z 8 conclusions are d$uc$ f enl>g$ exp]i5ce & ext5d$ rese>*1 !y %\ld h great weight4 ,i %all !re=e make no apology = introduc+ "h a few extracts f 8 int]e/+ report t\*+ ^u ?is subject3 ,x is consonant ) ! exp]i5ce ( milit>y p1 9 all ages & 9 all c\ntries1 t camp diseases mo/ ab\nd ne> ! muddy banks ( l>ge riv]s1 ne> swamps & ponds1 & on gr\nds :i* h be5 rec5tly /ripp$ ( _! woods4 ,! fact is precise1 b x has be5 set aside to make way = an op9ion4 ,x 0 assum$1 ab\t half a c5tury s9ce1 by a celebrat$ army physician1 t camp diseases orig9at$ f causes ( putrefaction1 & t putrefaction is connect$ radically ) a /agnant condition ( ! air4 ,z /reams ( air usually proce$ along riv]s ) m c]ta9ty & =ce ?an 9 o!r places1 & z !re is evid5tly a m c]ta9 movem5t ( air1 t is1 m w9d on op5 gr\nds ?an among woods & ?ickets1 ?is sole consid]ation1 )\t any reg>d to exp]i5ce1 influ5c$ op9ion1 gave curr5cy to ! de/ructive maxim t ! banks ( riv]s1 op5 gr\nds1 & expos$ heights are ! mo/ eligible situations = ! encampm5t ( troops4 ,!y are ! be/ v5tilat$2 !y mu/1 if ! !ory be true1 be ! mo/ heal?y4 ,! fact is ! rev]se2 b1 demon/rative z ! fact may be1 fa%ion has m influ5ce ?an multipli$ examples ( fact exp]im5tally prov$4 ,encampm5ts are /ill =m$ 9 ! vic9ity ( swamps1 or on gr\nds :i* are newly cle>$ ( _! woods1 9 ob$i5ce to !ory1 & contr>y to fact4 ,x is prud5t1 z n[ said1 9 select+ gr\nd = encampm5t1 to avoid ! imm$iate vic9ity ( swamps & riv]s4 ,! air is !re noxi\s2 b1 z its influ5ce !nce orig9at+ does n ext5d beyond a c]ta9 limit1 x is a matt] ( "s importance to asc]ta9 to :at di/ance x does ext5d2 because1 if circum/ances d n p]mit t ! encampm5t be remov$ out ( its rea*1 prud5ce directs t rem$ies be appli$ to weak5 ! =ce ( its p]nici\s impressions4 ,! rem$ies consi/ 9 ! int]position ( ris+ gr\nds1 woods1 or su* o!r imp$im5ts z s]ve to break ! curr5t 9 its progress f ! noxi\s s\rce4 ,x is an obvi\s fact1 t ! noxi\s cause1 or ! exhalation 9 :i* x is envelop$1 asc5ds z x trav]ses ! adjac5t pla91 & t its impression is augm5t$ by ! adv5titi\s =ce ) :i* x /rikes ^u ! subject ( its action4 ,x is ?us t a position ( ?ree hundr$ paces f ! m>g9 ( a swamp1 on a level ) ! swamp itself1 or b mod]ately elevat$1 is less unheal?y ?an "o at six hundr$ on ! same l9e ( direction on an expos$ height4 ,! cause "h /rikes fully 9 its asc5t2 & z ! atmosph]e has a m v>i$ temp]ature1 & ! succussions ( ! air are m irregul> on ! height ?an on ! pla91 ! impression is m =cible1 & ! noxi\s effect m /rongly m>k$4 ,9 accord ) ?is pr9ciple1 x is almo/ uni=mly true1 coet]is p>ibus1 t diseases are m common1 at lea/ m viol5t1 9 brok51 irregul>1 & hilly c\ntries1 :]e ! temp]ature is liable to sudd5 *anges1 & :]e bla/s desc5d ) fury f ! m\nta9s1 ?an 9 l>ge & ext5sive incl9$ pla9s "u ! action ( equal & g5tle breezes only4 ,f ?is fact x becomes an object ( ! fir/ consid]ation1 9 select+ gr\nd = encampm5t1 to gu>d aga9/ ! impression ( /rong w9ds on _! own acc\nt1 indep5d5tly ( _! proce$+ f swamps1 riv]s1 & noxi\s soils4 ,x is prov$ by exp]i5ce1 9 armies z 9 civil life1 t injury does n (t5 result f simple wett+ ) ra9 :5 ! p]son is fairly expos$ 9 ! op5 air1 & habitually inur$ to ! cont+5cies ( wea!r4 ,irregul> troops1 :i* act 9 ! advanc$ l9e ( armies1 & :i* h no o!r %elt] f wea!r ?an a h$ge or tree1 r>ely exp]i5ce sickness--nev]1 at lea/1 ! sickness :i* proce$s f contagion2 h5ce x is inf]r$ t ! %elt] ( t5ts is n necess>y = ! pres]vation ( heal?4 ,irregul> troops1 ) cont+5t %elt] only1 are comp>atively heal?y1 :ile sickness (t5 rages ) viol5ce 9 ! same sc5e1 among ^? :o h all ! protection aga9/ ! inclem5cies ( wea!r :i* c be furni%$ by canvas4 ,! fact is v]ifi$ by exp]i5ce1 & ! cause ( x is n ( difficult explanation4 ,:5 ! e>? is damp1 ! action ( heat on its surface occasions ! int]ior moi/ure to asc5d4 ,! heat ( ! bodies ( a giv5 numb] ( m51 conf9$ )9 a t5t ( a giv5 dim5sion1 raises ! temp]ature )9 ! t5t beyond ! temp]ature ( ! common air outside ! t5t4 ,! asc5t ( moi/ure is ?us enc\rag$1 g5]ally by a *ange ( temp]ature 9 ! t5t1 & m p>ticul>ly by ! imm$iate or ne> contact ( ! heat$ bodies ( ! m5 ) ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,moi/ure1 z exhal$ f ! e>?1 is consid]$ by obs]v]s ( fact to be a cause :i* acts injuri\sly on heal?4 ,produc$ artificially by ! accumulation ( individuals 9 close t5ts1 x may reasonably be suppos$ to produce its usual effects on armies4 ,a cause ( contagi\s influ5ce1 ( fatal effect1 is ?us g5]at$ by accumulat+ soldi]s 9 close & cr[d$ t5ts1 "u ! pretext ( def5d+ !m f ! inclem5cies ( ! wea!r2 & h5ce x is t ! means :i* are provid$ = ! pres]vation ( heal? are actually ! causes ( de/ruction ( life4 ,!re are two causes :i* m evid5tly act ^u ! heal? ( troops 9 ! field ?an any o!r1 namely1 moi/ure exhal$ direct f ! surface ( ! e>? 9 undue quantity1 & emanations ( a peculi> "* aris+ f diseas$ action 9 ! animal sy/em 9 a mass ( m5 cr[d$ toge!r4 ,^! are pr9cipal1 & !y are important4 ,! noxi\s effects may be obviat$1 or r ! noxi\s cause w n be g5]at$1 "u ! foll[+ arrangem5t1 namely1 a c>pet ( pa9t$ canvas = ! floor ( ! t5t2 a t5t ) a light ro(1 z def5se aga9/ p]p5dicul> ra9 or ! rays ( a v]tical sun2 & ) side walls ( mod]ate height1 to be employ$ only aga9/ driv+ ra9s4 ,to ! fir/ !re c be no objection3 x is useful1 z prev5t+ ! exhalations ( moi/ure f ! surface ( ! e>?2 x is conv5i5t1 z always ready2 & x is economical1 z less exp5sive ?an /raw4 ,x requires to be fre% pa9t$ only once a ye>4 ,! effect ( cr[d+ m5 toge!r 9 close qu>t]s1 illy v5tilat$1 0 %[n 9 ! prisons ( ,h9do/an1 :]e at "o "t1 :5 ! ,engli% held sway1 !y _h1 on an av]age1 #dj1jjj natives 9 conf9em5t2 & ?is un=tunate population 0 e ye> lib]at$ by dea? 9 proportions v>y+ f #djjj to #aj1jjj4 ,! annual av]age mortality by cr[d$ & unv5tilat$ b>racks 9 ! ,engli% army has sometimes be5 enorm\s1 z at ,b>rackpore1 :]e x seldom fell f> %ort ( "o t5?2 t is to say1 its g>risons 7 e ye> decimat$ by fev] or *ol]a1 :ile ! (fic]s & o!r inhabitants1 :o liv$ 9 well-v5tilat$ h\ses1 did n f9d ! place p>ticul>ly unheal?y4 ,! same fact ( g5]al exemption among ! (fic]s1 & complete exemption among _! wives1 0 obs]v$ 9 ! m>*+ regim5ts1 :i* lo/ by *ol]a f "o t5? to "o six? ( ! enli/$ m51 :o 7 pack$ toge!r at night t5 & twelve 9 a t5t1 ) ! !rmomet] at #if deg44 ,! dim5sions ( ! celebrat$ ,black ,hole ( ,calcutta--:]e 9 #agef1 #abc prison]s out ( #adj di$ by c>bonic acid 9 "o night--0 b eighte5 feet squ>e1 & ) b two small w9d[s4 ,mo/ ( ! tw5ty-?ree :o surviv$ until morn+ 7 seiz$ ) putrid fev] & di$ v soon aft]w>d4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,decemb]1 #ahdh1 #aej deck pass5g]s ( ! /eam] ,londond]ry 7 ord]$ bel[ by ! capta9 & ! hat*es clos$ ^u !m3 sev5ty 7 f\nd dead ! next morn+4 ,! /reams :i* int]sect our great prairies h b a v sp>se gr[? ( wood or vegetation ^u _! banks1 s t "o ( ! fundam5tal causes = ! g5]ation ( noxi\s mal>ia does n1 to any great ext5t1 exi/ "h1 & ,i believe t p]sons may encamp ) impunity directly ^u _! banks4 ,,picket ,,gu>ds4 ,:5 a p>ty is suffici5tly /rong1 a picket gu>d %\ld be /ation$ dur+ ! night "s two or ?ree hundr$ y>ds 9 advance ( ! po9t :i* is mo/ op5 to assault1 & on l[ gr\nd1 s t an enemy approa*+ ov] ! surr\nd+ high] c\ntry c be se5 aga9/ ! sky1 :ile ! s5t9el himself is scre5$ f obs]vation4 ,^! s5t9els %\ld n be all[$ to keep fires1 unless !y are s plac$ t !y c n be se5 f a di/ance4 ,dur+ ! day ! pickets %\ld be po/$ on ! summits ( ! highe/ em95ces 9 ! vic9ity ( camp1 ) in/ructions to keep a vigilant look\t 9 all directions2 &1 if n )9 hail+ di/ance1 !y %\ld be in/ruct$ to give "s well-und]/ood telegraphic signals to in=m ^? 9 camp :5 !re is dang]4 ,= example1 %\ld ,indians be discov]$ approa*+ at a great di/ance1 !y may raise _! caps ^u ! muzzles ( _! pieces1 & at ! same "t walk ar\nd 9 a circle2 :ile1 if ! ,indians are ne> & mov+ rapidly1 ! s5t9el may sw+ 8 cap & run ar\nd rapidly 9 a circle4 ,to indicate ! direction f :i* ! ,indians are approa*+1 he may direct 8 piece t[>d !m1 & walk 9 ! same l9e ( direction4 ,%\ld ! pickets sudd5ly discov] a p>ty ( ,indians v ne>1 & ) ! app>5t int5tion ( mak+ an attack1 !y %\ld fire _! pieces to give ! al>m to ! camp4 ,^! telegraphic signals1 :5 well und]/ood & en=c$1 w t5d greatly to facilitate ! communication ( intellig5ce ?r\gh\t ! camp1 & conduce mu* to its security4 ,! picket gu>ds %\ld receive m9ute & /rict ord]s reg>d+ _! duties "u all circum/ances1 & ^! ord]s %\ld be di/9ctly und]/ood by e "o 9 ! camp1 s t no false al>ms w be creat$4 ,all p]sons1 ) ! exception ( ! gu>ds & h]d]s1 %\ld aft] d>k be conf9$ to ! limits ( ! *a9 ( s5t9els1 s t1 if any "o is se5 approa*+ f )\t ^! limits1 x w be kn[n t !y are /rang]s4 ,z !re w n (t5 be occasion = any "o to pass ! *a9 ( pickets dur+ ! night1 x is a good rule 7especially if ! p>ty is small71 :5 a picket s5t9el discov]s any "o lurk+ ab\t 8 po/ f )\t1 if he has n himself be5 se51 to quietly )draw & report ! fact to ! comm&]1 :o c wake 8 m5 & make 8 arrangem5ts to repel an attack & protect 8 animals4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! man ^u ! picket has be5 se51 he %\ld di/9ctly *all5ge ! approa*+ p>ty1 & if he receives no answ]1 fire1 & retreat to camp to report ! fact4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t picket gu>ds %\ld be wide awake1 & all[ no?+ to escape _! obs]vation1 z ! safety ( ! :ole camp is involv$4 ,dur+ a d>k night a man c see bett] himself1 & is less expos$ to ! view ( o!rs1 :5 9 a sitt+ po/ure ?an :5 /&+ up or mov+ ab\t4 ,i w\ld !re=e recomm5d ?is practice = night pickets4 ,horses & mules 7especially ! latt]71 ^: s5ses ( he>+ & smell+ are probably m acute ?an ^? ( almo/ any o!r animals1 w discov] any ?+ /range or unusual ab\t camp mu* soon] ?an a man4 ,!y indicate ?is by turn+ 9 ! direction f :5ce ! object is approa*+1 hold+ _! heads erect1 project+ _! e>s =w>d1 & /&+ 9 a fix$ & att5tive attitude4 ,!y exhibit ! same signs ( al>m :5 a wolf or o!r wild animal approa*es ! camp2 b x is always wise1 :5 !y %[ fe> 9 ?is mann]1 to be on ! al]t till ! cause is asc]ta9$4 ,mules are v ke5ly s5sitive to dang]1 &1 9 pass+ along ov] ! prairies1 !y w (t5 detect ! proximity ( /rang]s long be=e !y are discov]$ by _! rid]s4 ,no?+ seems to escape _! obs]vation2 & ,i h he>d ( sev]al in/ances :]e !y h giv5 timely notice ( ! approa* ( ho/ile ,indians1 & ?us prev5t$ /amp$es4 ,dogs are sometimes good s5t9els1 b !y (t5 sleep s\nd1 & are n easily awak5$ on ! approa* ( an enemy4 ,9 m>*+ ) l>ge =ce1 unless !re is a guide :o kn[s ! c\ntry1 a small p>ty %\ld always be s5t 9 advance to se>* = good camp+-places1 & ^! p>ties %\ld be dispat*$ e>ly en\gh to return & meet ! ma9 comm& 9 ! ev5t ( n f9d+ a camp+-place )9 ! limits ( ! day's m>*4 ,a regim5t %\ld av]age ^u ! prairies1 :]e ! roads are good1 ab\t eighte5 miles a day1 b1 if necess>y1 x c make #be or ev5 #cj miles4 ,! advance p>ty %\ld !re=e g z f> z ! comm& c m>*1 provid$ ! requisites = camp+ are n f\nd )9 t di/ance4 ,! article ( fir/ importance 9 campaign+ is grass1 ! next wat]1 & ! la/ fuel4 ,x is ! practice ( mo/ p]sons travel+ ) l>ge ox tra9s to select _! camps ^u ! summit ( a hill1 :]e ! surr\nd+ c\ntry 9 all directions c be se54 ,_! cattle are !n cont9ually )9 view f ! camp1 & c be gu>d$ easily4 ,:5 a halt is made ! wagons are corral$1 z x is call$1 by br++ ! two front ones ne> & p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,! two next are !n driv5 up on ! outside ( ^!1 ) ! front :eels ( ! =m] t\*+ ! re> :eels ( ! latt]1 ! re> ( ! wagons turn$ out ^u ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle t is be+ =m$1 & s on until "o half ! circle is made1 :5 ! re> ( ! wagons are turn$ 9 to complete ! circle4 ,an op5+ ( ab\t tw5ty y>ds %\ld be left betwe5 ! la/ two wagons = animals to pass 9 & out ( ! corral1 & ?is may be clos$ ) two ropes /ret*$ betwe5 ! wagons4 ,su* a corral =ms an excell5t & secure b>ricade aga9/ ,indian attacks1 & a good inclosure = cattle :ile !y are be+ yok$2 inde$1 x is indisp5sable4 ,,/amp$es4 ,inclosures are made 9 ! same mann] = horses & mules1 &1 9 case ( an attempt to /amp$e !m1 !y %\ld be driv5 ) all possible dispat* into ! corral1 :]e !y w be p]fectly secure4 ,a /amp$e is m to be dread$ ^u ! pla9s ?an almo/ any disa/] t c happ54 ,x n unfrequ5tly occurs t v _m animals are irretrievably lo/ 9 ?is way1 & ! objects ( an exp$ition ?us defeat$4 ,! ,indians are p]fectly famili> ) ! habits & disposition ( horses & mules1 & ) ! mo/ effectual me?ods ( t]rify+ !m4 ,previ\s to attempt+ a /amp$e1 !y provide !mselves ) rattles & o!r means = mak+ frightful noises2 ?us prep>$1 !y approa* z ne> ! h]ds z possible )\t be+ se51 & sudd5ly1 ) _! horses at full spe$1 ru% 9 among !m1 mak+ ! mo/ hide\s & une>?ly screams & noises to t]rify !m1 & drive !m (f be=e _! a/oni%$ own]s are able to rally & secure !m4 ,z soon z ! animals are />t$ ! ,indians divide _! p>ty1 leav+ a portion to hurry !m (f rapidly1 :ile ! re/ l+] "s di/ance 9 ! re>1 to resi/ ^? :o may pursue !m4 ,horses & mules w sometimes1 especially 9 ! night1 become fright5$ & /amp$$ f v slight causes4 ,a wolf or a de] pass+ ?r\gh a h]d w (t5 al>m !m1 & cause !m to break away 9 ! mo/ frantic mann]4 ,^u "o occasion 9 ! ,*octaw c\ntry1 my entire h]d ( ab\t two hundr$ horses & mules all /amp$$ 9 ! night1 & scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry = _m miles1 & x 0 sev]al days be=e ,i succe$$ 9 collect+ !m toge!r4 ,! al>m occurr$ :ile ! h]d]s 7 walk+ among ! animals1 & )\t any p]ceptible cause4 ,! =ego+ facts g to %[ h[ important x is at all times to keep a vigilant gu>d ov] animals4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ho/ile ,indians1 :]e an attack may be anticipat$1 sev]al good horses %\ld be secur$ 9 su* positions t !y w cont9ually be 9 read9ess = an em]g5cy ( ?is k9d4 ,! h]dsm5 %\ld h _! horses 9 h&1 saddl$ & bridl$1 & ready at an in/ant's notice to spr+ ^u _! backs & drive ! h]ds into camp4 ,z soon z x is discov]$ t ! animals h tak5 fright1 ! h]dsm5 %\ld use _! utmo/ endeavors to turn !m 9 ! direction ( ! camp1 & ?is c g5]ally be accompli%$ by rid+ ! bell m>e 9 front ( ! h]d1 & gradually turn+ h] t[>d x1 & slack5+ h] spe$ z ! famili> objects ab\t ! camp come 9 sight4 ,?is usually t5ds to quiet _! al>m4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,repair+ brok5 ,wagons4 ,=d+ ,riv]s4 ,quicks&4 ,wagon ,boats4 ,bull ,boats4 ,cross+ ,packs4 ,swimm+ ,animals4 ,m>*+ ) loose ,horses4 ,h]d+ ,mules4 ,be/ ,me?ods ( ,m>*+4 ,h]d+ & gu>d+ ,animals4 ,desc5d+ ,m\nta9s4 ,/orms4 ,nor!rs4 ,,repairs ,,( ,,accid5ts4 ,! accid5ts mo/ liable to happ5 to wagons on ! pla9s arise f ! great dryness ( ! atmosph]e1 & ! consequ5t %r9kage & contraction ( ! wood-"w 9 ! :eels1 ! tires work+ loose1 & ! :eels1 9 pass+ ov] sidl+ gr\nd1 (t5times fall+ d[n & break+ all ! spokes :]e !y ent] ! hub4 ,x !re=e becomes a matt] ( absolute necessity = ! prairie travel] to devise "s means ( repair+ su* damages1 or ( gu>d+ aga9/ !m by ! use ( timely exp$i5ts4 ,! :eels %\ld be frequ5tly & closely exam9$1 & :5ev] a tire becomes at all loose x %\ld at once be tight5$ ) pieces ( hoop-iron or wood5 w$ges driv5 by twos simultane\sly f opposite sides4 ,ano!r rem$y = ! same ?+ is to take (f ! :eels aft] encamp+1 s9k !m 9 wat]1 & all[ !m to rema9 ov] night4 ,?is swells ! wood1 b is only tempor>y1 requir+ frequ5t repetition2 &1 aft] a "t1 if ! :eels h n be5 made ( ?or\ghly season$ timb]1 x becomes necess>y to reset ! tires 9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ _! de/ruction by fall+ to pieces & break+ ! spokes4 ,if ! tires run (f ne> a blacksmi?'s %op1 or if !re be a travel+ =ge ) ! tra91 !y may be ti$ on ) raw hide or ropes1 & ?us driv5 to ! %op or camp4 ,:5 a re> :eel breaks d[n ^u a m>*1 ! be/ me?od ,i "k ( = tak+ ! vehicle to a place :]e x c be repair$ is to take (f ! damag$ :eel1 & place a /\t pole ( ?ree or f\r in*es 9 diamet] "u ! end ( ! axle1 outside ! wagon-b$1 & ext5d+ =w>d above ! front :eel1 :]e x is firmly la%$ ) ropes1 :ile ! o!r end ( ! pole runs six or eight feet to ! re>1 & drags ^u ! gr\nd4 ,! pole mu/ be ( su* l5g? & incl9ation t ! axle %all be rais$ & reta9$ 9 its prop] horizontal position1 :5 x c be driv5 to any di/ance t may be desir$4 ,! wagon %\ld be reliev$ z mu* z practicable ( its load+1 z ! pole dragg+ ^u ! gr\nd w cause x to run heavily4 ,:5 a front :eel breaks d[n1 ! exp$i5t j m5tion$ c n be appli$ to ! front axle1 b ! two re> :eels may be tak5 (f & plac$ ^u ?is axle 7!y w always fit71 :ile ! s\nd front :eel c be sub/itut$ ^u "o side ( ! re> axle1 aft] :i* ! pole may be appli$ z be=e describ$4 ,?is plan ,i h adopt$ ^u sev]al diff]5t occasions1 & ,i c v\* = its efficacy4 ,! =ego+ facts may appe> v simple & unimportant 9 !mselves1 b blacksmi?s & :eelwrights are n met ) at e turn ( ! roads ^u ! prairies2 & 9 ! wild]ness1 :]e ! travel] is dep5d5t solely ^u 8 own res\rces1 ?is k9d ( in=mation w be f\nd highly useful4 ,:5 ! spokes 9 a :eel %r9k m ?an ! felloes1 !y "w loose 9 ! hub1 & c n be tight5$ by w$g+4 ,! only rem$y 9 su* cases is to cut ! felloe ) a saw on opposite sides1 tak+ out two pieces ( su* dim5sions t ! r$uc$ circumf]5ce w draw back ! spokes into _! prop] places & make !m snug4 ,a ?9 wagon-b[1 or b>rel-hoops1 may !n be wrapp$ ar\nd ! outside ( ! felloe1 & secur$ ) small nails or tacks4 ,?is increases ! diamet] ( ! :eel1 s t :5 ! tire has be5 heat$1 put on1 & cool$1 x =ces back ! spokes into _! true places1 & makes ! :eel z s\nd & /rong z x ev] 04 ,?is simple process c be execut$ 9 ab\t half an h\r if !re be fuel = heat+1 & obviates ! necessity ( cutt+ & weld+ ! tire4 ,i w\ld recomm5d t ! tires %\ld be secur$ ) bolts & nuts1 :i* w prev5t !m f runn+ (f :5 !y "w loose1 &1 if !y h be5 cut & reset1 !y %\ld be well tri$ ) a hamm] :]e !y are weld$ to make sure t ! junction is s\nd4 ,,=d+ ,,riv]s4 ,_m /reams t int]sect ! diff]5t r\tes across our cont95t are broad & %all[1 & fl[ ov] b$s ( quicks&1 :i*1 9 seasons ( high wat]1 become boggy & un/able1 & are !n exce$+ly difficult ( cross+4 ,:5 ^! /reams are on ! rise1 &1 inde$1 be=e any swell+ is p]ceptible1 _! b$s become sur*>g$ ) ! s& loos5$ by ! action ( ! "u-curr5t f ! approa*+ flood1 & f ?is "t until ! wat] subsides =d+ is difficult1 requir+ great precautions4 ,on arriv+ ^u ! bank ( a riv] ( ?is "* :i* has n rec5tly be5 cross$1 ! condition ( ! quicks& may be asc]ta9$ by s5d+ an intellig5t man ov] ! =d+-place1 &1 %\ld ! s& n yield "u 8 feet1 x may be reg>d$ z safe = animals or wagons4 ,%\ld x1 h[ev]1 prove s(t & yield+1 x mu/ be ?or\ghly exam9$1 & ! be/ track select$4 ,?is c be done by a man on foot1 :o w take a numb] ( %>p /icks long en\gh1 :5 driv5 into ! bottom ( ! riv]1 to /& above ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,he />ts f ! %ore1 & ) "o ( ! /icks & 8 feet tries ! bottom 9 ! direction ( ! opposite bank until he f9ds ! firme/ gr\nd1 :]e he plants "o ( ! /icks to m>k ! track4 ,a man incurs no dang] 9 walk+ ov] quicks& provid$ he /ep rapidly1 & he w soon detect ! safe/ gr\nd4 ,he !n proce$s1 plant+ 8 /icks z (t5 z may be necess>y to m>k ! way1 until he rea*es ! opposite bank4 ,! =d is ?us asc]ta9$1 &1 if !re are footm5 9 ! p>ty1 !y %\ld cross be=e ! animals & wagons1 z !y pack ! s&1 & make ! track m firm & secure4 ,if ! s& is s(t1 horses %\ld be l$ across1 & n all[$ to /op 9 ! /ream2 & ! bett] to insure ?is1 !y %\ld be wat]$ be=e ent]+ ^u ! =d2 o!rwise1 z soon z !y /& /ill1 _! feet s9k 9 ! s&1 & soon x becomes difficult to extricate !m4 ,! same rule holds 9 ! passage ( wagons3 !y mu/ be driv5 /eadily across1 & ! animals nev] all[$ to /op :ile 9 ! riv]1 z ! :eels s9k rapidly 9 quicks&4 ,mules w (t5 /op f fe>1 &1 :5 once emb>rass$ 9 ! s&1 !y lie d[n1 & w n use ! slighte/ ex]tion to rega9 _! foot+4 ,! only alt]native1 !n1 is to drag !m out ) ropes4 ,i h ev5 kn[n "s mules refuse to put =? ! lea/ ex]tion to get up aft] be+ pull$ out ^u firm gr\nd1 & x 0 necess>y to set !m ^u _! feet be=e !y 7 re/or$ to a consci\sness ( _! own p[]s4 ,9 cross+ riv]s :]e ! wat] is s high z to come into ! wagon-b$s1 b is n above a =d+ /age1 ! cont5ts ( ! wagons may be kept dry by rais+ ! b$s betwe5 ! uprights1 & reta9+ !m 9 t position ) blocks ( wood plac$ at ea* corn] betwe5 ! rock]s & ! bottom ( ! wagon-b$s4 ,! blocks mu/ be squ>$ at ea* end1 & _! l5g?1 ( c\rse1 %\ld v>y ) ! dep? ( wat]1 :i* c be det]m9$ be=e cutt+ !m4 ,?is is a v common & simple me?od ( pass+ /reams among emigrant travel]s4 ,:5 /reams are deep1 ) a v rapid curr5t1 x is difficult = ! driv]s to direct _! teams to ! prop] com+-out places1 z ! curr5t has a t5d5cy to c>ry !m too f> d[n4 ,?is difficulty may be obviat$ by atta*+ a l>iat rope to ! lead+ animals1 & hav+ a m\nt$ man ride 9 front ) ! rope 9 8 h&1 to assi/ ! team 9 /emm+ ! curr5t1 & direct x t[>d ! po9t ( egress4 ,x is also a wise precaution1 if ! =d be at all haz>d\s1 to place a m\nt$ man on ! l[] side ( ! team ) a :ip1 to urge =w>d any animal t may n "w prop]ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,swimm+ ,a ,,horse4 ,:]e riv]s are wide1 ) a swift curr5t1 !y %\ld always1 if possible1 be =d$ obliquely d[n /ream1 z ! action ( ! wat] aga9/ ! wagons assi/s v mat]ially 9 c>ry+ !m across4 ,9 cross+ ! ,nor? ,platte ^u ! ,*]okee trail at a season :5 ! wat] 0 high & v rapid1 we 7 oblig$ to take ! only practicable =d1 :i* ran diagonally up ! /ream4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t ! heavy curr5t1 com+ d[n ) great =ce aga9/ ! wagons1 (f]$ su* p[]ful resi/ance to ! ef=ts ( ! mules t x 0 ) difficulty !y c\ld reta9 _! foot+1 & sev]al 7 dr[n$4 ,_h ! =d cross$ obliquely d[n ! riv]1 !re w\ld h be5 no difficulty4 ,:5 x becomes necess>y1 ) load$ wagons1 to cross a /ream ( ?is "* aga9/ ! curr5t1 ,i w\ld recomm5d t ! teams be d\bl$1 ! lead+ animals l$1 a horseman plac$ on ea* side ) :ips to assi/ ! driv]1 & t1 be=e ! fir/ wagon ent]s ! wat]1 a man %\ld be s5t 9 advance to asc]ta9 ! be/ =d4 ,dur+ seasons ( high wat]1 m51 9 trav]s+ ! pla9s1 (t5 enc\nt] riv]s :i* rise above a =d+ /age1 & rema9 9 t condition = _m days1 & to await ! fall+ ( ! wat] might involve a great loss ( "t4 ,if ! travel] be alone1 8 only way is to swim 8 horse2 b if he reta9s ! seat on 8 saddle1 8 weight presses ! animal d[n into ! wat]1 & cramps 8 movem5ts v s5sibly4 ,x is a mu* bett] plan to atta* a cord to ! bridle-bit1 & drive him into ! /ream2 !n1 seiz+ 8 tail1 all[ him to t[ y across4 ,if he turns out ( ! c\rse1 or attempts to turn back1 he c be *eck$ ) ! cord1 or by spla%+ wat] at 8 head4 ,if ! rid] rema9s 9 ! saddle1 he %\ld all[ ! horse to h a loose re91 & nev] pull ^u x except :5 necess>y to guide4 ,if he wi%es to /eady himself1 he c lay hold ^u ! mane4 ,9 travel+ ) l>ge p>ties1 ! foll[+ exp$i5ts = cross+ riv]s h be5 successfully resort$ to )9 my own exp]i5ce1 & !y are att5d$ ) no risk to life or prop]ty4 ,a rapid & deep /ream1 ) high1 abrupt1 & s(t banks1 probably pres5ts ! mo/ =midable array ( unfavorable circum/ances t c be f\nd4 ,/reams ( ?is "* are occasionally met )1 & x is important to "k h[ to cross !m ) ! greate/ promptitude & safety4 ,a tra9 ( wagons hav+ arriv$ ^u ! bank ( su* a /ream1 fir/ select ! be/ po9t = ! passage1 :]e ! banks ^u bo? sides require ! lea/ excavation = a place ( +ress & egress to & f ! riv]4 ,z ,i h be=e rem>k$1 ! place ( ent]+ ! riv] %\ld be above ! com+-out place on ! opposite bank1 z ! curr5t w !n assi/ 9 c>ry+ wagons & animals across4 ,a spot %\ld be s\ght :]e ! b$ ( ! /ream is firm at ! place :]e ! animals are to get out on ! opposite bank4 ,if1 h[ev]1 no su* place c be f\nd1 bru% & e>? %\ld be ?r[n 9 to make a f\ndation suffici5t to support ! animals1 & to prev5t !m f bogg+4 ,aft] ! place = cross+ has be5 select$1 x w be important to det]m9e ! bread? ( ! riv] betwe5 ! po9ts ( +ress & egress1 9 ord] to %[ ! l5g? ( rope necess>y to rea* across4 ,a v simple practical me?od ( do+ ?is )\t in/rum5ts is f\nd 9 ! ,fr5* ,manuel du ,g5ie4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,illu/ration3 ,! l9e ,,ab 7! di/ance to be measur$7 is ext5d$ ^u ! bank to ,d1 f :i* po9t1 aft] hav+ m>k$ x1 lay (f equal di/ances1 ,,dc & ,cd2 produce ,,bc to b1 mak+ ,,cb,cb2 !n ext5d ! l9e db until x int]sects ! prolongation ( ! l9e ?r\gh ,,ca at a4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ab is equal to ,,ab1 or ! wid? ( ! cross+4 ,a man :o is an exp]t swimm] !n takes ! end ( a fi%+-l9e or a small cord 9 8 m\?1 & c>ries x across1 leav+ ! o!r end fix$ ^u ! opposite bank1 aft] :i* a l>iat is atta*$ to ! cord1 & "o end ( x pull$ across & made fa/ to a tree2 b if !re is no?+ conv5i5t to :i* ! l>iat c be atta*$1 an extra axle or c\pl+-pole c be pull$ ov] by ! man :o has cross$1 firmly plant$ 9 ! gr\nd1 & ! rope ti$ to x4 ,! rope mu/ be long en\gh to ext5d twice across ! /ream1 s t "o end may always be left on ea* %ore4 ,a v good sub/itute = a f]ry-boat may be made ) a wagon-b$ by fill+ x ) empty wat]-casks1 /opp$ tight & secur$ 9 ! wagon ) ropes1 ) a cask la%$ opposite ! c5tre ( ea* outside4 ,x is !n plac$ 9 ! wat] bottom upw>d1 & ! rope t has be5 /ret*$ across ! /ream atta*$ to "o end ( x1 :ile ano!r rope is made fa/ to ! o!r end1 aft] :i* x is load$1 ! %ore-end loos5$1 & ! m5 on ! opposite bank pull x across to ! l&+1 :]e x is dis*>g$ & return$ = ano!r load1 & s on until all ! baggage & m5 are pass$ ov]4 ,! wagons c be tak5 across by fa/5+ !m d[n to ! axles1 atta*+ a rope to ! end ( ! tongue1 & ano!r to ! re> ( ea* to /eady x & hold x f drift+ bel[ ! l&+4 ,x is !n pu%$ into ! /ream1 & ! m5 on ! opposite bank pull x ov]4 ,i h pass$ a l>ge tra9 ( wagons 9 ?is way across a rapid /ream fifte5 feet deep )\t any difficulty4 ,i took1 at ! same "t1 a six-p\nd] cannon1 :i* 0 sep>at$ f its c>riage1 & f]ri$ ov] ^u ! wagon-boat2 aft] :i* ! c>riage 0 pull$ ov] 9 ! same way z describ$ = ! wagons4 ,!re are n always a suffici5t numb] ( airtight wat]-casks to fill a wagon-b$1 b a t5tfly1 paul91 or wagon-cov] c g5]ally be _h4 ,9 ?is ev5t1 ! wagon-b$ may be plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( "o ( ^!1 ! clo? br\ght up ar\nd ! ends & sides1 & secur$ firmly ) ropes ti$ ar\nd transv]sely1 & ano!r rope fa/5$ l5g?wise ar\nd "u ! rim4 ,?is holds ! clo? 9 its place1 & ! wagon may !n be plac$ 9 ! wat] "r side upw>d1 & manag$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! o!r case4 ,if ! clo? be made ( cotton1 x w soon swell s z to leak b v little1 & answ]s a v good purpose4 ,ano!r me?od ( f]ry+ /reams is by means ( :at is call$ by ! m\nta9e]s a bull-boat1 ! frame-"w ( :i* is made ( will[s b5t into ! %ape ( a %ort & wide skiff1 ) a flat bottom4 ,will[s gr[ ^u ! banks ( almo/ all ! /reams on ! prairies1 & c be b5t into any %ape desir$4 ,to make a boat ) b "o hide1 a numb] ( /raight will[s are cut ab\t an in* 9 diamet]1 ! ends %>p5$ & driv5 into ! gr\nd1 =m+ a frame-"w 9 ! %ape ( a half egg-%ell cut ?r\gh ! longitud9al axis4 ,:]e ^! rods cross !y are firmly secur$ ) /r+s4 ,a /\t rod is !n heat$ & b5t ar\nd ! frame 9 su* a position t ! edges ( ! hide1 :5 laid ov] x & drawn tight1 w j rea* x4 ,?is rod =ms ! gunwale1 :i* is secur$ by /r+s to ! ribs4 ,small rods are !n wattl$ 9 s z to make x symmetrical & /rong4 ,aft] :i* ! gre5 or soak$ hide is ?r[n ov] ! edges1 sew$ to ! gunwales1 & left to dry4 ,! rods are !n cut (f ev5 ) ! gunwale1 & ! boat is ready = use4 ,to build a boat ) two or m hides3 ,a /\t pole ( ! desir$ l5g? is plac$ ^u ! gr\nd = a keel1 ! ends turn$ up & secur$ by a l>iat2 will[ rods ( ! requir$ dim5sions are !n cut1 heat$1 & b5t into ! prop] %ape = knees1 aft] :i* _! c5tres are plac$ at equal di/ances ^u ! keel1 & firmly ti$ ) cords4 ,! knees are reta9$ 9 _! prop] curvature by cords ar\nd ! ends4 ,aft] a suffici5t numb] ( !m h be5 plac$ ^u ! keel1 two poles ( suitable dim5sions are heat$1 b5t ar\nd ! ends = a gunwale1 & firmly la%$ to ea* knee4 ,small] will[s are !n int]wov51 s z to model ! frame4 ,gre5 or soak$ hides are cut into ! prop] %ape to fit ! frame1 & sew$ toge!r ) bucksk9 /r+s2 !n ! frame ( ! boat is plac$ 9 ! middle1 ! hide drawn up snug ar\nd ! sides1 & secur$ ) raw-hide ?ongs to ! gunwale4 ,! boat is !n turn$ bottom upw>d & left to dry1 aft] :i* ! seams :]e !y h be5 sew$ are cov]$ ) a mixture ( melt$ tall[ & pit*3 ! craft is n[ ready = laun*+4 ,a boat ( ?is k9d is v light & s]viceable1 b aft] a :ile becomes wat]-soak$1 & %\ld always be turn$ bottom upw>d to dry :5ev] x is n 9 ! wat]4 ,two m5 c easily build a bull-boat ( ?ree hides 9 two days :i* w c>ry t5 m5 ) p]fect safety4 ,a small p>ty travel+ ) a pack tra9 & arriv+ ^u ! banks ( a deep /ream w n always h ! "t to /op or ! means to make any ( ! boats t h be5 describ$4 ,%\ld _! luggage be su* z to become s]i\sly injur$ by a wett+1 & !re be an ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a clo? disposable1 or if ev5 a gre5 beef or buffalo hide c be procur$1 x may be spread out ^u ! gr\nd1 & ! articles ( baggage plac$ 9 ! c5tre1 9 a squ>e or rectangul> =m2 ! ends & sides are !n br\ght up s z entirely to envelop ! package1 & ! :ole secur$ ) ropes or raw hide4 ,x is !n plac$ 9 ! wat] ) a rope atta*$ to "o end1 & t[$ across by m5 9 ! same mann] z ! boats be=e describ$4 ,if hides be us$ !y w require greas+ occasionally1 to prev5t _! becom+ wat]-soak$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cross+ ,a ,,/ream4 ,:5 a m\nt$ p>ty ) pack animals arrive ^u ! bord]s ( a rapid /ream1 too deep to =d1 & :]e ! banks are high & abrupt1 ) p]haps b "o place :]e ! bea/s c get out ^u ! opposite %ore1 x w\ld n be safe to drive or ride !m 91 calculat+ t all w make ! desir$ l&+4 ,"s ( !m w probably be c>ri$ by ! swift curr5t too f> d[n ! /ream1 & !reby endang] n only _! own lives1 b ! lives ( _! rid]s4 ,i h se5 ! exp]im5t tri$ repeat$ly1 & h kn[n sev]al animals to be c>ri$ by ! curr5t bel[ ! po9t ( egress1 & ?us dr[n$4 ,"h is a simple1 safe1 & exp$iti\s me?od ( tak+ animals ov] su* a /ream4 ,suppose1 = example1 a p>ty ( m\nt$ m5 arrive ^u ! bank ( ! /ream4 ,!re w always be "s good swimm]s 9 ! p>ty1 & probably o!rs :o c n swim at all4 ,?ree or f\r ( ! mo/ exp]t ( ^! are select$1 & s5t across ) "o end ( a rope made ( l>iats ti$ toge!r1 :ile ! o!r end is reta9$ ^u ! fir/ bank1 & made fa/ to ! neck ( a g5tle & good swimm+ horse2 aft] :i* ano!r g5tle horse is br\ght up & made fa/ by a l>iat ar\nd 8 neck to ! tail ( ! fir/1 & s on until all ! horses are ?us ti$ toge!r4 ,! m5 :o c n swim are !n m\nt$ ^u ! be/ swimm+ horses & ti$ on1 o!rwise !y are liable to become fright5$1 lose _! balance1 & be c>ri$ away 9 a rapid curr5t2 or a horse may /umble & ?r[ 8 rid]4 ,aft] ! horses h be5 /rung out 9 a s+le l9e by _! rid]s1 & e ?+ is 9 read9ess1 ! fir/ horse is l$ c>efully into ! wat]1 :ile ! m5 on ! opposite bank1 pull+ ^u ! rope1 ?us direct him across1 &1 if necess>y1 aid him 9 /emm+ ! curr5t4 ,z soon z ?is horse /rikes bottom he pulls ^u ^? beh9d him1 & !reby assi/s !m 9 mak+ ! l&+1 & 9 ?is mann] all are pass$ ov] 9 p]fect safety4 ,,driv+ ,,loose ,,horses4 ,9 travel+ ) loose horses across ! pla9s1 "s p]sons are 9 ! habit ( atta*+ !m 9 pairs by _! halt]s to a long1 /\t rope /ret*$ betwe5 two wagons drawn by mules1 ea* wagon be+ ab\t half load$4 ,! pr9cipal object ( ! re> wagon be+ to hold back & keep ! rope /ret*$1 n m ?an two /\t mules are requir$1 z ! horses aid a good deal ) _! heads 9 pull+ ?is wagon4 ,f ?irty to =ty horses may be driv5 v well 9 ?is mann]1 &1 if !y are wild1 x is p]haps ! safe/ me?od1 except t ( lead+ !m ) halt]s held by m5 rid+ beside !m4 ,! rope to :i* ! horses are atta*$ %\ld be ab\t an in* & a qu>t] 9 diamet]1 ) loops or r+s ins]t$ at int]vals suffici5t to admit ! horses )\t all[+ !m to kick ea* o!r1 & ! halt] /raps ti$ to ^! loops4 ,! horses1 on fir/ />t+1 %\ld h m5 by _! sides1 to accu/om !m to ?is mann] ( be+ l$4 ,! wagons %\ld be s driv5 z to keep ! rope cont9ually /ret*$4 ,good driv]s mu/ be assign$ to ^! wagons1 :o w con/antly wat* ! movem5ts ( ! horses atta*$1 z well z _! own teams4 ,i h _h #aej loose horses driv5 by t5 m\nt$ h]dsm54 ,?is requires great c>e = "s consid]able "t1 until ! horses become g5tle & accu/om$ to _! h]d]s4 ,x is important to asc]ta91 z soon z possible aft] />t+1 :i* horses are wild1 & may be likely to /amp$e & lead (f ! h]d2 su* %\ld be l$1 & nev] suff]$ to run loose1 ei!r on ! m>* or 9 camp4 ,animals ( ?is "* w soon indicate _! prop5sities1 & c be secur$ dur+ ! fir/ days ( ! m>*4 ,x is desirable t all animals t w n /amp$e :5 n work+ %\ld run loose on a m>*1 z !y pick up a good deal ( grass along ! road :5 travel+1 & ! success ( an exp$ition1 :5 animals get no o!r =age b grass1 dep5ds 9 a great degree ^u ! "t giv5 !m = graz+4 ,!y w ?rive mu* bett] :5 all[$ a free range ?an :5 picket$1 z !y !n are at lib]ty to select su* grass z suits !m4 ,x may !re=e be set d[n z an infallible rule nev] to be dep>t$ f1 t all animals1 except+ su* z w be likely to /amp$e1 %\ld be turn$ loose = graz+ imm$iately aft] arriv+ at ! camp+-place2 b x is equally important t !y %\ld be c>efully h]d$ z ne> ! camp z good grass w admit2 & ^? t x is necess>y to picket %\ld be plac$ ^u ! be/ grass1 & _! places *ang$ (t54 ,! ropes to :i* !y are atta*$ %\ld be ab\t =ty feet long2 ! picket-p9s1 ( iron1 fifte5 in*es long1 ) r+ & swivel at top1 s t ! rope %all n twi/ z ! animal fe$s ar\nd x2 & ! p9s mu/ be firmly driv5 into t5aci\s e>?4 ,animals %\ld be h]d$ dur+ ! day at su* di/ances z to leave suffici5t grass undi/urb$ ar\nd & ne> ! camp = graz+ ?r\gh ! night4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,m>*+4 ,among m5 ( limit$ exp]i5ce 9 fronti] life w be f\nd a great div]sity ( op9ion reg>d+ ! be/ me?ods ( m>*+1 & ( treat+ animals 9 exp$itions ^u ! prairies4 ,"s w make late />ts & travel dur+ ! heat ( ! day )\t noon+1 :ile o!rs w />t e>ly & make two m>*es1 lay+ by dur+ ! middle ( ! day2 "s w picket _! animals cont9ually 9 camp1 :ile o!rs w h]d !m day & night1 etc41 etc4 ,= m\nt$ troops1 or1 inde$1 = any body ( m5 travel+ ) horses & mules1 a few g5]al rules may be specifi$ :i* h ! sanction ( mature exp]i5ce1 & a deviation f !m w inevitably result 9 consequ5ces highly detrim5tal to ! be/ int]e/s ( an exp$ition4 ,9 ord9>y m>*es ?r\gh a c\ntry :]e grass & wat] are abundant & good1 animals receiv+ prop] att5tion %\ld n fall away1 ev5 if !y receive no gra92 &1 z ,i said be=e1 !y %\ld n be made to travel fa/] ?an a walk unless absolutely necess>y2 nei!r %\ld !y be tak5 (f ! road = ! purpose ( hunt+ or *as+ buffalo1 z "o buffalo-*ase injures !m m ?an a week ( mod]ate rid+4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ho/ile ,indians1 ! animals mu/ be c>efully h]d$ & gu>d$ )9 protection ( ! camp1 :ile ^? picket$ %\ld be *ang$ z (t5 z ! grass is eat5 (f )9 ! circle describ$ by ! te!r-rope4 ,at night !y %\ld be br\ght )9 ! *a9 ( s5t9els & picket$ z compactly z is consi/5t ) ! space ne$$ = graz+1 & "u no circum/ances1 unless ! ,indians are kn[n to be ne> & an attack is to be expect$1 %\ld !y be ti$ up to a picket l9e :]e !y c get no grass4 ,unless all[$ to graze at night !y w fall away rapidly1 & soon become uns]viceable4 ,x is mu* bett] to m>* aft] nightfall1 turn "s di/ance (f ! road1 & to encamp )\t fires 9 a depress$ locality :]e ! ,indians c n track ! p>ty1 & ! animals may be picket$ )\t dang]4 ,9 desc5d+ abrupt hills & m\nta9s "o :eel ( a load$ wagon %\ld always be lock$1 z ?is relieves ! :eel animals & makes e ?+ m secure4 ,:5 ! declivity is great bo? re> :eels %\ld be lock$1 & if v abrupt1 requir+ great ef=t on ! :eel animals to hold ! wagon1 ! :eels %\ld be r\gh-lock$ by l5g!n+ ! lock-*a9s s t ! "p :i* goes ar\nd ! :eels w come directly ^u ! gr\nd1 & ?us create m friction4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 hills are met ) s ne>ly p]p5dicul> t x becomes necess>y to atta* ropes to ! re> axle1 & to /ation m5 to hold back ^u !m & /eady ! vehicle d[n ! desc5t4 ,r\gh-lock+ is a v safe me?od ( pass+ heavy artill]y d[n abrupt declivities4 ,!re are sev]al m\nta9s betwe5 ! ,miss\ri ,riv] & ,cali=nia :]e x is necess>y to resort to "o ( ! two la/-m5tion$ me?ods 9 ord] to desc5d ) security4 ,if !re are no lock-*a9s ^u wagons1 ! front & re> :eels on ! same side may be ti$ toge!r ) ropes s z to lock !m v firmly4 ,x is an old & well-e/abli%$ cu/om among m5 exp]i5c$ 9 fronti] life always to cross a /ream ^u :i* x is int5d$ to encamp = ! night1 & ?is rule %\ld nev] be dep>t$ f :]e a /ream is to be =d$1 z a rise dur+ ! night might deta9 ! travel] = sev]al days 9 await+ ! fall ( ! wat]s4 ,,/orms4 ,9 ,we/]n ,texas1 dur+ ! autumn & w9t] mon?s1 /orms arise v sudd5ly1 &1 :5 accompani$ by a nor? w9d1 are v sev]e ^u m5 & animals2 inde$1 !y are sometimes s t]rific z to make x necess>y = travel]s to ha/5 to ! ne>e/ %elt]$ place to save ! lives ( _! animals4 ,:5 ^! /orms come f ! nor?1 !y are call$ nor!rs2 & z1 dur+ ! w9t] season1 ! temp]ature (t5 und]goes a sudd5 *ange ( _m degrees at ! "t ! /orm sets 91 ! p]spiration is *eck$1 & ! sy/em receives an in/antane\s %ock1 aga9/ :i* x requires great vital en]gy to be> up4 ,m5 & animals are n1 9 ?is mild climate1 prep>$ = ^! caprici\s meteoric revolutions1 & !y n unfrequ5tly p]i% "u _! effects4 ,:ile pass+ ne> ! head wat]s ( ! ,colorado 9 ,octob]1 #ahdi1 ,i left "o ( my camps at an e>ly h\r 9 ! morn+ "u a mild & s(t atmosph]e1 ) a g5tle breeze f ! s\?1 b _h m>*$ only a %ort di/ance :5 ! w9d sudd5ly :ipp$ ar\nd into ! nor?1 br++ ) x a furi\s *ill+ ra91 & 9 a %ort "t ! road became s s(t & heavy z to make ! labor ( pull+ ! wagons ov] x v exhau/+ ^u ! mules1 & !y came into camp 9 a pr(use sweat1 ) ! ra9 p\r+ d[n 9 torr5ts ^u !m4 ,!y 7 turn$ out ( h>ness into ! mo/ %elt]$ place t c\ld be f\nd2 b1 in/ead ( eat+1 z 0 _! cu/om1 !y turn$ _! heads f ! w9d1 & rema9$ 9 t position1 *ill$ & trembl+1 )\t mak+ ! lea/ ef=t to move4 ,! ra9 cont9u$ ) unabat$ fury dur+ ! entire day & night1 & on ! foll[+ morn+ ?irty-five out ( "o hundr$ & t5 mules _h p]i%$1 :ile ^? rema9+ c\ld h>dly be said to h _h a sp>k ( vitality left4 ,!y 7 drawn up ) ! cold1 & c\ld ) difficulty walk4 ,t5ts & wagon-cov]s 7 cut up to protect !m1 & !y 7 !n driv5 ab\t = "s "t1 until a little vital en]gy 0 re/or$1 aft] :i* !y comm5c$ eat+ grass1 b x 0 ?ree or f\r days be=e !y recov]$ suffici5tly to resume ! m>*4 ,! mi/ake ,i made 0 9 driv+ ! mules aft] ! nor!r comm5c$4 ,_h ,i gone imm$iately into camp1 be=e !y became heat$ & we>i$1 !y w\ld probably h eat5 ! grass1 & ?is1 ,i h no d\bt1 w\ld h sav$ !m2 b z x 01 _! blood became heat$ f ov]work1 & ! sudd5 *ill br\ght on a reaction :i* prov$ fatal4 ,if an animal w eat 8 =age pl5tifully1 !re is b little dang] ( 8 p]i%+ ) cold4 ,?is ,i ass]t ) mu* confid5ce1 z ,i once1 :5 travel+ ) ab\t #aejj horses & mules1 enc\nt]$ ! mo/ t]rific sn[-/orm t has be5 kn[n )9 ! memory ( ! olde/ m\nta9e]s4 ,x comm5c$ on ! la/ day ( ,april1 & cont9u$ )\t cessation = sixty consecutive h\rs4 ,! day _h be5 mild & pleasant2 ! gre5 grass 0 ab\t six in*es high2 ! trees _h put out _! new leaves1 & all nature conspir$ to %[ t ! sombre g>b ( w9t] _h be5 p]man5tly sup]s$$ by ! smil+ attire ( spr+4 ,ab\t d>k1 h[ev]1 ! w9d turn$ into ! nor?2 x comm5c$ to sn[ viol5tly1 & increas$ until x became a frightful tempe/1 fill+ ! atmosph]e ) a d5se cl\d ( driv+ sn[1 aga9/ :i* x 0 impossible to ride or walk4 ,soon aft] ! /orm set 91 "o h]d ( ?ree hundr$ horses & mules broke away f ! h]dsm5 :o 7 ar\nd !m1 &1 9 spite ( all _! ef=ts1 ran at full spe$1 directly ) ! w9d & sn[1 = fifty miles be=e !y /opp$4 ,?ree ( ! h]dsm5 foll[$ !m z f> z !y 7 able1 b soon became exhau/$ & lo/ on ! prairie4 ,"o ( !m f\nd 8 way back to camp 9 a /ate ( great pro/ration & suff]+4 ,"o ( ! o!rs 0 f\nd dead1 & ! ?ird crawl+ ab\t ^u 8 h&s & knees1 aft] ! /orm ceas$4 ,x happ5$1 =tunately1 t ,i _h res]v$ a quantity ( corn to be us$ 9 ! ev5t ( f9d+ a sc>city ( grass1 & z soon z ! gr\nd became cov]$ ) sn[1 s t ! animals c\ld n get at ! grass1 ,i f$ out ! corn1 :i* ,i am induc$ to believe sav$ _! lives4 ,inde$1 !y did n seem to be at all affect$ by ?is prolong$ & unseasonable tempe/4 ,?is occurr$ ^u ! summit ( ! elevat$ ridge divid+ ! wat]s ( ! ,arkansas & ,s\? ,platte ,riv]s1 :]e /orms are said to be ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! great] "p ( ! animals t /amp$$ 7 recov]$ aft] ! /orm1 &1 al?\gh !y _h travel$ a hundr$ miles at a v rapid pace1 !y did n seem to be mu* affect$ by x4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,pack+4 ,saddles4 ,mexican ,me?od4 ,madr9a1 or ,bell-m>e4 ,atta*m5t ( ! ,mule illu/rat$4 ,be/ ,me?od ( ,pack+4 ,hoppl+ ,animals4 ,select+ ,horses & ,mules4 ,grama & bun* ,grass4 ,european ,saddles4 ,cali=nia ,saddle4 ,saddle ,w\nds4 ,alkali4 ,flies4 ,colic4 ,rattlesnake ,bites4 ,cures = ! ,bite4 ,,pack+ ,,& ,,driv+4 ,) a tra9 ( pack animals prop]ly organiz$ & equipp$1 a p>ty may travel ) mu* com=t & cel]ity4 ,x is enabl$ to take %ort cuts1 & move ov] ! c\ntry 9 almo/ any direction )\t reg>d to roads4 ,m\nta9s & brok5 gr\nd may easily be trav]s$1 & exemption is ga9$ f _m ( ! tr\bles & det5tions att5dant ^u ! transit ( cumb]some wagon-tra9s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ ess5tial requisites to ! outfit ( a pack tra9 is a good pack-saddle4 ,v>i\s patt]ns are 9 use1 _m ( :i* are m]e in/rum5ts ( torture ^u ! backs ( ! poor brutes1 lac]at+ !m cruelly1 & caus+ cont9u$ pa94 ,! ,mexicans use a lea!rn pack-saddle )\t a tree4 ,x is /uff$ ) hay1 & is v l>ge1 cov]+ almo/ ! entire back1 & ext5d+ f> d[n ! sides4 ,x is secur$ ) a broad hair gir?1 & ! load is kept 9 position by a la%-rope drawn by two m5 s tight z to give ! un=tunate bea/ int5se suff]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grimsley',s ,,pack-,,saddle4 ,a pack-saddle is made by ,t4 ,grimsley1 ,no4 #da ,ma9 ,/reet1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 ,x is op5 at ! top1 ) a light1 compact1 & /rong tree1 :i* fits ! animal's back well1 & is cov]$ ) raw hide1 put on gre51 & drawn tight by ! contraction 9 dry+4 ,x has a lea!rn brea/-/rap1 bree*+1 & la%-/rap1 ) a broad hair gir? fa/5$ 9 ! ,mexican fa%ion4 ,( sixty-five ( ^! saddles t ,i us$ 9 cross+ ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 ov] an exce$+ly r\gh & brok5 section1 n "o ( !m w\nd$ a mule's back1 & ,i reg>d !m z ! be/ saddles ,i h ev] se54 ,no p1 probably1 are m famili> ) ! art ( pack+ ?an ! ,mexicans4 ,!y und]/& ! habits1 disposition1 & p[]s ( ! mule p]fectly1 & w get m "w out ( him ?an any o!r m5 ,i h ev] se54 ,! mule & ! donkey are to !m z ! camel to ! ,arab--_! port]s ov] des]ts & m\nta9s :]e no o!r means ( transportation c be us$ to advantage4 ,! ,spani% ,mexicans are1 h[ev]1 cruel ma/]s1 hav+ no m]cy ^u _! bea/s1 & x is no uncommon ?+ = !m to load _! mules ) ! enorm\s burd5 ( ?ree or f\r hundr$ p\nds4 ,^! mulete]s believe t1 :5 ! pack is firmly la%$1 ! animal supports 8 burd5 bett] & travels ) great] ease1 :i* seems q probable1 z ! t5sion =ms1 z x 71 an ext]nal %ea? support+ & brac+ ! muscles4 ,x also has a t5d5cy to prev5t ! saddle f slipp+ & *af+ ! mule's back4 ,) su* huge c>gas z ! ,mexicans load ^u _! mules1 x is impossible1 by any precautions1 to prev5t _! backs & )]s f becom+ horribly mangl$1 & x is common to see !m work+ _! animals day aft] day 9 ?is mis]able plight4 ,?is heavy pack+ causes ! sc>s t s (t5 m>k ,mexican mules4 ,! animal1 9 />t+ out f camp 9 ! morn+1 groan+ "u ! weight ( 8 heavy burd51 seems h>dly able to move2 b ! pack soon settles1 & s loos5s ! la%+ t aft] a %ort "t he moves along ) m ease4 ,con/ant c>e & vigilance on ! "p ( ! mulete]s are necess>y to prev5t ! packs f work+ loose & fall+ (f4 ,! adju/m5t ( a c>ga ^u a mule does n1 h[ev]1 deta9 ! c>avan1 z ! o!rs move on :ile x is be+ right$4 ,if ! mules are suff]$ to halt1 !y are apt to lie d[n1 & x is v difficult = !m1 ) _! loads1 to rise2 besides1 !y are likely to /ra9 !mselves 9 _! ef=ts to d s4 ,! ,mexicans1 9 travel+ ) l>ge c>avans1 usually make ! day's m>* )\t noon+1 z too mu* "t w\ld be consum$ 9 unload+ & pack+ up aga94 ,packs1 :5 tak5 (f 9 camp1 %\ld be pil$ 9 a r[ ^u ! gr\nd1 &1 if !re be a prospect ( ra91 ! saddles %\ld be plac$ ov] !m1 & ! :ole cov]$ ) ! saddle-blankets or canvas4 ,! mulete]s & h]d]s %\ld be m\nt$ ^u well-tra9$ horses1 & be c>eful to keep ! animals ( ! c>avan f w&]+ or scatt]+ along ! road4 ,?is c easily be done by hav+ "s ( ! m5 rid+ ^u ea* side1 & o!rs 9 re> ( ! c>avan4 ,9 h]d+ mules x is cu/om>y among prairie travel]s to h a bell-m>e1 to :i* ! mules soon become s atta*$ t !y w foll[ h] :]ev] %e goes4 ,by keep+ h] 9 *>ge ( "o ( ! h]dsm51 ! h]ds are easily controll$2 & dur+ a /amp$e1 if ! h]dsman m\nts h]1 & ru%es ahead t[>d camp1 !y w g5]ally foll[4 ,9 cross+ riv]s ! bell-m>e %\ld pass fir/1 aft] :i* ! mules are easily induc$ to take to ! wat] & pass ov]1 ev5 if !y h to swim4 ,mules are good swimm]s unless !y happ51 by plung+ (f a high bank1 to get wat] 9 _! e>s1 :5 !y are (t5 dr[n$4 ,:5ev] a mule 9 ! wat] drops 8 e>s1 x is a sure indication t he has wat] 9 !m1 & he %\ld be tak5 out z soon z possible4 ,to prev5t accid5ts ( ?is nature1 :]e ! wat] is deep & ! banks abrupt1 ! mule h]ds %\ld be all[$ to ent] sl[ly1 & )\t cr[d+1 z o!rwise !y are n only likely to get _! heads "u wat]1 b to ?r[ ea* o!r ov] & get injur$4 ,! madr9a1 or bell-m>e1 acts a mo/ important "p 9 a h]d ( mules1 & is reg>d$ by exp]i5c$ campaign]s z indisp5sable to _! security4 ,%e is select$ = h] quiet & regul> habits4 ,%e w n w&] f> f ! camp4 ,if %e happ5 to h a colt by h] side1 ?is is no objection1 z ! mules soon =m ! mo/ devot$ atta*m5t to x4 ,i h (t5 se5 !m leave _! graz+ :5 v hungry1 & flock ar\nd a small colt1 manife/+ _! delight by rubb+ x ) _! noses1 lick+ x ) _! tongues1 kick+ up _! heels1 & mak+ a v>iety ( o!r grotesque demon/rations ( affection1 :ile ! poor little colt1 p]fectly unconsci\s ( ! cause ( ^! unga9ly c>esses1 /ood trembl+ ) fe>1 b unable to make 8 escape f ! compact circle ( 8 muli% admir]s4 ,horses & asses are also us$ z bell animals1 & ! mules soon become accu/om$ to foll[+ !m4 ,if a man leads or rides a bell animal 9 advance1 ! mules foll[1 l s _m dogs1 9 ! mo/ ord]ly procession4 ,aft] travel+ ab\t f\rte5 miles1 says ,bay>d ,taylor1 we 7 jo9$ by ?ree m9]s1 & our mules1 tak+ a sudd5 lik+ = _! horses1 jogg$ on at a m brisk pace4 ,! in/9cts ( ! muli% he>t =m an int]e/+ /udy to ! travel] 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,i w\ld 77 ! comp>ison n too ungallant7 lik5 x to a woman's1 = x is q z unc]ta9 9 its sympa?ies1 be/[+ its affections :5 lea/ expect$1 &1 :5 be/[$1 q z con/ant1 s long z ! object is n tak5 away4 ,sometimes a horse1 sometimes an ass1 captivates ! fancy ( a :ole drove ( mules1 b (t5 an animal n[ise ak94 ,lieut5ant ,beale told me t 8 :ole tra9 ( mules once gallop$ (f sudd5ly1 on ! pla9s ( ! ,cim>one1 & ran half a mile1 :5 !y halt$ 9 app>5t satisfaction4 ,! cause ( _! freak 0 f\nd to be a buffalo calf :i* _h /ray$ f ! h]d4 ,!y 7 frisk+ ar\nd x 9 ! greate/ delight1 rubb+ _! noses aga9/ x1 ?r[+ up _! heels1 & mak+ !mselves ridicul\s by abortive attempts to neigh & bray1 :ile ! calf1 unconsci\s ( its attractive qualities1 /ood trembl+ 9 _! mid/4 ,if sev]al l>ge troops1 says ,*>les ,d>w91 are turn$ into "o field to graze 9 ! morn+1 ! mulete] has only to lead ! madr9as a little ap>t & t9kle _! bells1 &1 al?\gh !re may be #bjj or #cjj mules toge!r1 ea* imm$iately kn[s its own bell1 & sep>ates itself f ! re/4 ,! affection ( ^! animals = _! madr9a saves inf9ite tr\ble4 ,x is ne>ly impossible to lose an old mule1 =1 if deta9$ sev]al h\rs by =ce1 %e w1 by ! p[] ( smell1 l a dog1 track out h] companions1 or r ! madr9a2 =1 accord+ to ! mulete]1 %e is ! *ief object ( affection4 ,! feel+1 h[ev]1 is n ( an individual nature1 = ,i believe ,i am "r 9 say+ t any animal ) a bell w s]ve z a madr9a4 ,( ! atta*m5t t a mule w =m = a horse1 ,i w cite an in/ance f my own obs]vation1 :i* /ruck me at ! "t z be+ "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable & t\*+ evid5ces ( devotion t ,i h ev] kn[n among ! brute creation4 ,on leav+ ,=t ,leav5wor? ) ! army = ,utah 9 #aheg1 "o ( ! (fic]s rode a small mule1 ^: k9d & g5tle disposition soon caus$ him to become a favorite among ! soldi]s1 & !y nam$ him ,billy4 ,z ?is (fic] & myself 7 (t5 ?r[n toge!r ^u ! m>*1 ! mule1 9 ! c\rse ( a few days1 ev9c$ a gr[+ atta*m5t = a m>e t ,i rode4 ,! s5tim5t 0 n1 h[ev]1 reciprocat$ on h] "p1 & %e intimat$ z mu* by ! rev]s$ position ( h] e>s1 & ! free ex]cise ( h] feet & tee? :5ev] ,billy came )9 h] rea*2 b ^! signal m>ks ( displeasure1 in/ead ( disc\rag+1 r seem$ to increase 8 devotion1 & :5ev] at lib]ty he inv>iably s\ght to get ne> h]1 & appe>$ mu* di/ress$ :5 n p]mitt$ to foll[ h]4 ,on leav+ ,camp ,scott = ,new ,mexico ,billy 0 among ! numb] ( mules select$ = ! exp$ition4 ,dur+ ! m>* ,i 0 9 ! habit1 :5 />t+ out f camp 9 ! morn+1 ( lead+ (f ! p>ty1 & direct+ ! packm5 to hold ! mule until ,i %\ld get s f> 9 advance ) ! m>e t he c\ld n see u2 b ! mom5t he 0 releas$ he w\ld1 9 spite ( all ! ef=ts ( ! pack]s1 />t (f at a mo/ furi\s pace1 & nev] /op or cease bray+ until he rea*$ ! m>e's side4 ,we soon f\nd x impossible to keep him ) ! o!r mules1 & he 0 f9ally p]mitt$ to h 8 own way4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t we enc\nt]$ ! deep sn[s 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :]e ! animals c\ld get no =age1 & ,billy1 9 common ) ! o!rs1 at l5g? became s weak & jad$ t he 0 unable any long] to leave 8 place 9 ! c>avan & break a track ?r\gh ! sn[ ar\nd to ! front4 ,he made frequ5t attempts to turn out & =ce 8 way ahead1 b aft] num]\s unsuccessful ef=ts he w\ld fall d[n exhau/$1 & set up a mo/ m\rnful bray+4 ,! o!r mules soon began to fail1 & to be left1 worn out & fami%$1 to die by ! wayside2 x 0 n1 h[ev]1 = "s "t t ,billy %[$ symptoms ( becom+ "o ( ! victims1 until "o ev5+ aft] our arrival at camp ,i 0 in=m$ t he _h dropp$ d[n & be5 left ^u ! road dur+ ! day4 ,! m5 all deplor$ 8 loss exce$+ly1 z 8 devotion to ! m>e _h t\*$ _! k9d he>ts1 & _m expressions ( sympa?y 7 utt]$ ar\nd _! biv\ac fires on t ev5+4 ,mu* to our surprise1 h[ev]1 ab\t t5 o'clock1 j z we 7 ab\t go+ to sleep1 we he>d a mule bray+ ab\t half a mile to ! re> ^u our trail4 ,sure en\gh1 x prov$ to be ,billy1 :o1 aft] hav+ re/$1 _h foll[$ ^u our track & ov]tak5 u4 ,z soon z he rea*$ ! side ( ! m>e he lay d[n & seem$ p]fectly cont5t$4 ,! next day ,i reliev$ him f 8 pack1 & all[$ him to run loose2 b dur+ ! m>* he gave out1 & 0 aga9 ab&on$ to 8 fate1 & ?is "t we c]ta9ly nev] expect$ to see him m4 ,to our great a/oni%m5t1 h[ev]1 ab\t twelve o'clock t night ! sonor\s b n v musical notes ( ,billy 9 ! di/ance ar\s$ u f our slumb]s1 & aga9 ann\nc$ 8 approa*4 ,9 an in/ant ! m5 7 ^u _! feet1 gave ?ree he>ty *e]s1 & ru%$ out 9 a body to meet & escort him into camp4 ,b ?is well-meant ovation elicit$ no response f him4 ,he came reel+ & fl\nd]+ along ?r\gh ! deep sn[1 p]fectly reg>dless ( ^! honors1 pu%+ aside all ^? :o occupi$ ! trail or int]rupt$ 8 progress 9 ! lea/1 w&]$ ab\t until he f\nd ! m>e1 dropp$ d[n by h] side1 & rema9$ until morn+4 ,:5 we resum$ our m>* on ! foll[+ day he made ano!r desp]ate ef=t to proce$1 b soon fell d[n exhau/$1 :5 we reluctantly ab&on$ him1 & saw him no m4 ,alas6 poor ,billy6 y\r con/ancy des]v$ a bett] fate2 y may1 inde$1 be said to h be5 a victim to unrequit$ affection4 ,! articles to be transport$ %\ld be made up into two packages ( precisely equal weight1 & z ne>ly equal 9 bulk z practicable1 o!rwise !y w sway ! saddle ov] to "o side1 & cause x to *afe ! animal's back4 ,! packages made1 two ropes ab\t six feet long are fa/5$ ar\nd ! ends by a slip-knot1 & if ! packages conta9 corn or o!r articles t w %ift ab\t1 small /icks %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! sacks & ! ropes1 :i* equalizes ! pressure & keeps ! packages snug4 ,! ropes are !n loop$ at ! ends1 & made precisely ( ! same l5g?1 s t ! packs w balance & come up well t[>d ! top ( ! saddle4 ,two m5 !n1 ea* tak+ a pack1 g ^u opposite sides ( ! mule1 t has be5 previ\sly saddl$1 &1 rais+ ! packs simultane\sly1 place ! loops ov] ! pommel & cantel1 settl+ !m well d[n into _! places4 ,! la%+-/rap is !n ?r[n ov] ! top1 br\ght ?r\gh ! r+s ^u ea* side1 & drawn z tight at e turn z ! two m5 on ! sides c pull x1 &1 aft] hav+ be5 c>ri$ back & =? diagonally across ! packs z (t5 z its l5g? admits 7g5]ally ?ree or f\r times71 x is made fa/ to "o ( ! r+s1 & securely ti$ 9 a slip-knot4 ,! brea/-/rap & bree*+ mu/ n be buckl$ s close z to *afe ! sk92 ! gir? %\ld be broad & s(t :]e x comes opposite ! =e legs1 to prev5t cutt+ !m4 ,lea!r gir?s %\ld be wrapp$ ) clo? or b\nd ) s(t mat]ial4 ,! hair gir?1 be+ s(t & ela/ic1 is mu* bett] ?an lea!r4 ,! crupp] %\ld nev] be disp5s$ ) 9 a m\nta9\s c\ntry1 b x mu/ be s(t1 r\nd1 & ab\t an in* 9 diamet] :]e x comes 9 contact ) ! tail1 o!rwise x w w\nd ! animal 9 mak+ long & abrupt desc5ts4 ,9 ,norway !y use a %ort r\nd /ick1 ab\t t5 in*es long1 :i* passes "u ! tail1 & f ea* end ( ?is a cord connects ) ! saddle4 ,camp-kettles1 t9 vessels1 & o!r articles t w rattle & be likely to fright5 animals1 %\ld be firmly la%$ to ! packs4 ,:5 ! packs "w loose1 ! la%-/rap %\ld be unti$1 & a man ^u ea* side draw x up aga9 & make x fa/4 ,:5 ropes are us$ = la%+1 !y may be tight5$ by twi/+ !m ) a %ort /ick & mak+ ! /ick fa/4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-five p\nds is a suffici5t load = a mule ^u a long j\rney4 ,9 travel+ ov] a rocky c\ntry1 & ^u all long j\rneys1 horses & mules %\ld be %od1 to prev5t _! ho(s we>+ out or break+4 ,! m\nta9e]s cont5d t bea/s travel bett] )\t %oe+1 b ,i h sev]al times _h occasion to regret ! omission ( ?is v necess>y precaution4 ,a few extra %oes & nails1 ) a small hamm]1 w enable travel]s to keep _! animals %od4 ,9 turn+ out pack animals to graze1 x is well ei!r to keep ! l>iat ropes ^u !m ) ! ends trail+ ^u ! gr\nd1 or to hopple !m1 z no corral c be made into :i* !y may be driv5 9 ord] to cat* !m4 ,a v good way to cat* an animal )\t driv+ him into an inclosure is = two m5 to take a long rope & /ret* x out at ! height ( ! animal's neck2 "s m5 !n drive him sl[ly up aga9/ x1 :5 "o ( ! m5 ) ! rope runs ar\nd beh9d ! animal & back to ! front aga91 ?us tak+ a turn ) ! rope ar\nd 8 neck & hold+ him secure4 ,to prev5t an animal f kick+1 take a =k$ /ick & make ! =k$ "p fa/ to ! bridle-bit1 br++ ! two ends above ! head & secur+ !m !re1 leav+ ! "p ( ! /ick bel[ ! =k ( suffici5t l5g? to rea* ne> ! gr\nd :5 ! animal's head is 9 its natural position4 ,he c n kick up unless he l[]s 8 head1 & ! /ick effectually prev5ts t4 ,te!r-ropes %\ld be s atta*$ to ! neck ( ! animal z n to slip & *oke him1 & ! picket-p9s nev] be left on ! ropes except :5 9 ! gr\nd1 z1 9 ! ev5t ( a /amp$e1 !y are v likely to sw+ ar\nd & injure ! animals4 ,_m exp]i5c$ travel]s 7 =m]ly 9 ! habit ( secur+ _! animals ) a /rap or iron r+ fa/5$ ar\nd ! fetlock ( "o =e foot1 & ?is atta*$ to ! te!r-rope4 ,?is me?od holds ! animal v securely to ! picket-p91 b :5 ! rope is fir/ put on1 & be=e he becomes accu/om$ to x1 he is liable to ?r[ himself d[n & get hurt2 s t ,i ?9k ! plan ( te!r+ by ! neck or halt] is ! safe/1 &1 s f> z ,i h obs]v$1 is n[ univ]sally practic$4 ,! m\nta9e]s & ,indians seldom te!r _! animals1 b pref] ! plan ( hoppl+1 z ?is gives !m m latitude = rang+ & select+ ! *oice/ grass4 ,two me?ods ( hoppl+ are practic$ among ! ,indians & hunt]s ( ! ,we/3 "o ) a /rap ab\t two feet long buckl+ ar\nd ! =e legs above ! fetlock jo9ts2 ! o!r is :at !y t]m ! side hopple :i* is made by buckl+ a /rap ar\nd a front & re> leg ^u ! same side4 ,9 bo? cases c>e %\ld be tak5 n to buckle ! /rap s tight z to *afe ! legs4 ,! latt] plan is ! be/1 because ! animal1 side-hoppl$1 is able to g b little fa/] ?an a walk1 :ile ! front hopple p]mits him1 aft] a little practice1 to gallop (f at consid]able spe$4 ,if ! hopples are made ( iron connect$ ) *a9s1 l h&cuffs1 ) locks & keys1 x w be impossible = ! ,indians1 )\t files1 to cut !m2 b ! p>ts t come 9 contact ) ! legs %\ld be cov]$ ) s(t lea!r4 ,a horse1 says ,mr4 ,galton1 may be hoppl$ ) a /irrup-lea!r by plac+ ! middle ar\nd "o leg1 !n twi/+ x sev]al times & buckl+ x r\nd ! o!r leg4 ,:5 y wi% to picket horses 9 ! middle ( a s&y pla91 dig a hole two or ?ree feet deep1 &1 ty+ y\r rope to a fagot ( /icks or bru%wood1 or ev5 to a bag fill$ ) s&1 bury ?is 9 x4 ,= prairie s]vice1 horses :i* h be5 rais$ exclusively ^u grass1 & nev] be5 f$ on gra91 or range horses1 z !y are call$ 9 ! ,we/1 are decid$ly ! be/1 & w p]=m m h>d labor ?an ^? t h be5 /abl$ & groom$4 ,! l>ge1 /\t ponies f\nd among "s ( our fronti] settlem5ts are well adapt$ to ?is s]vice1 & endure admirably4 ,! same rem>ks hold good 9 ! *oice ( mules2 & x w be f\nd t ! squ>e-built1 big-belli$1 & %ort-legg$ ,mexican mule w endure f> m h>d s]vice1 on %ort all[ance ( =age1 ?an ! l>g] ,am]ican mule :i* has be5 accu/om$ to gra94 ,9 our trip across ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s we _h bo? ! ,am]ican & ,mexican mules1 & improv$ a good opportunity ( giv+ _! relative p[]s ( endurance a ?or\gh s]vice-trial4 ,= _m days !y 7 r$uc$ to a meagre all[ance ( dry grass1 & at l5g? got no?+ b p9e leaves1 :ile _! "w 9 ! deep sn[ 0 exce$+ly sev]e4 ,?is soon told ^u ! ,am]ican mules1 & all ( !m1 ) ! exception ( two1 di$1 :ile mo/ ( ! ,mexican mules w5t ?r\gh4 ,! result 0 p]fectly conclusive4 ,we f\nd t1 :]e ! sn[ 0 n m ?an two feet deep1 ! animals soon le>n$ to paw x away & get at ! grass4 ,( c\rse !y d n get suffici5t 9 ?is way1 b !y d mu* bett] ?an "o w\ld suppose4 ,9 ,utah & ,new ,mexico ! autumn is s dry t ! grass does n lose its nutriti\s prop]ties by be+ wa%$ ) ra9s4 ,x gradually dries & cures l hay1 s t animals eat x freely1 & w fatt5 ^u x ev5 9 mid-w9t]4 ,x is seldom t any gra9 is f$ to /ock 9 ei!r ( ^! t]ritories4 ,sev]al ( ! v>ieties ( grass gr[+ ^u ! slopes ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s are ( excell5t quality2 among ^! may be m5tion$ ! ,gramma & bun* grasses4 ,horses & mules turn$ out to graze always pref] ! grass ^u ! m\nta9 sides to grass ( ! valleys4 ,we left ,new ,mexico ab\t ! fir/ ( ,m>*1 six weeks be=e ! new grass appe>$1 ) #aejj animals1 _m ( !m l[ 9 fle%1 yet !y improv$ ^u ! j\rney1 & on _! arrival 9 ,utah 7 all1 ) v few exceptions1 9 f9e work+ condition4 ,_h ?is m>* be5 made at ! same season 9 ! c\ntry bord]+ ^u ! ,miss\ri ,riv]1 :]e !re are heavy autumnal ra9s1 ! animals w\ld probably h become v poor4 ,9 ?is j\rney ! h]ds 7 all[$ to range ov] ! be/ grass t c\ld be f\nd1 b 7 gu>d$ bo? night & day ) great c>e1 :]eas1 if !y _h be5 corral$ or picket$ at night1 ,i d>e say !y w\ld h lo/ fle%4#c #c ,"s curi\s & int]e/+ exp]im5ts are said to h be5 rec5tly made at ! vet]9>y s*ool at ,al=t1 ne> ,p>is1 by ord] ( ! m9i/] ( w>1 to asc]ta9 ! p[]s ( endurance ( horses4 ,x appe>s t a horse w live on wat] alone five-&-tw5ty days2 sev5te5 days )\t eat+ or dr9k+2 only five days if f$ & unwat]$2 t5 days if f$ & insuffici5tly wat]$4 ,a horse kept )\t wat] = ?ree days drank "o hundr$ & f\r p\nds ( wat] 9 ?ree m9utes4 ,x 0 f\nd t a horse tak5 imm$iately aft] fe$1 & kept 9 ! active ex]cise ( ! squadron s*ool1 completely dige/$ its fe$ 9 ?ree h\rs2 9 ! same "t 9 ! conscript's s*ool its food 0 two ?irds dige/$2 & if kept p]fectly quiet 9 ! /able1 its dige/ion 0 sc>cely comm5c$ 9 ?ree h\rs4 ,,saddles4 ,great div]sity ( op9ion exi/s reg>d+ ! be/ equipm5t = horses1 & ! long-moot$ "q is z yet v f> f be+ def9itely settl$4 ,i d n reg>d ! op9ions ( ,europeans z hav+ a m direct be>+ ^u ?is "q1 or z t5d+ to e/abli% any m def9ite & positive conclusions reg>d+ x ?an h be5 develop$ by ! exp]i5ce ( our own bord] citiz5s1 ! major "p ( ^: lives has be5 sp5t 9 ! saddle2 yet ,i am confid5t t ! foll[+ brief description ( ! horse equipm5ts us$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe1 ! sub/ance ( :i* ,i h extract$ f ,capta9 ,m',clellan's int]e/+ report1 w be read ) int]e/ & in/ruction4 ,! saddle us$ by ! ,african *asseurs consi/s ( a pla9 wood5 tree1 ) a pad ^u ! top1 b )\t skirts1 & is some:at simil> to our own milit>y saddle1 b l[] 9 ! pommel & cantle4 ,! gir? & surc+le are ( lea!r1 ) an ord9>y wool5 saddle-blanket4 ,_! bridle has a s+le head-/all1 ) ! ,spani% bit buckl$ to x4 ,a new saddle has rec5tly be5 introduc$ into ! ,fr5* s]vice by ,capta9 ,cog5t1 ! tree ( :i* is cut out ( a s+le piece ( wood1 ! cantle only be+ glu$ on1 & a piece ( walnut let into ! pommel1 ) a ?9 /rip v5e]$ ^u ! front ends ( ! b>s4 ,! pommel & cantle are l[] ?an 9 ! old model2 ! :ole is cov]$ ) wet raw hide1 glu$ on & sew$ at ! edges4 ,! great advantage ?is saddle possesses is 9 be+ s arrang$ t x may be us$ = horses ( all sizes & conditions4 ,! saddle-blanket is made ( ?ick felt clo?1 & is atta*$ to ! pommel by a small /rap pass+ ?r\gh holes 9 ! blanket1 :i* is ?us prev5t$ f slipp+1 & at ! same "t x raises ! saddle s z to admit a free circulation ( air ov] ! horse's sp9e4 ,! ,hung>ian saddle is made ( h>d wood entirely uncov]$1 ) a rais$ pommel & cantle4 ,! seat is =m$ ) a lea!r /rap f\r in*es wide nail$ to ! =ks on ! front & re>1 & secur$ to ! side-bo>ds by lea!r ?ongs1 ?us giv+ an ela/ic & easy saddle-seat4 ,?is is also ! =m ( ! saddle-tree us$ by ! ,russian & ,au/rian cavalry4 ,! ,russians h a lea!r gir? fa/5$ by ?ree small buckles3 x passes ov] ! tree1 & is ti$ to ! side-bo>ds4 ,! saddle-blanket is ( /\t felt clo? 9 f\r ?icknesses1 & a lay] ( black lea!r ov] x1 & ! :ole held toge!r by lea!r ?ongs pass+ ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,:5 ! horse falls (f 9 fle%1 m ?icknesses are add$1 & vice v]sa4 ,?is saddle-blanket is reg>d$ by ! ,russian (fic]s z ! be/ possible arrangem5t4 ,! ,russians use ! curb & snaffle-bits made ( /eel4 ,! ,cossack saddle has a ?ick padd+ "u ! side-bo>ds & on ! seat1 :i* raises ! rid] v high on 8 horse1 s t 8 feet are above ! bottom ( ! belly4 ,_! bridle has b a simple snaffle-bit1 & no m>t+ale4 ,! ,prussian cuirassi]s h a heavy saddle ) a l[ pommel & cantle1 cov]$ ) lea!r1 b x is n ?\ght by ,capta9 ,m',clellan to pres5t any ?+ wor?y ( imitation4 ,! o!r ,prussian cavalry ride ! ,hung>ian saddle1 ( a heavi] model ?an ! "o 9 ! ,au/rian s]vice4 ,! surc+le is ( lea!r1 & fa/5s 9 ! ,mexican /yle2 ! gir? is also ( lea!r1 ?ree & a half in*es wide1 ) a l>ge buckle4 ,x is 9 two p>ts1 atta*$ to ! b>s by raw-hide ?ongs4 ,! curb & snaffle /eel bits are us$1 & atta*$ to a s+le head-/all4 ,! ,engli% cavalry use a saddle :i* has a l[] cantle & pommel ?an our ,grimsley saddle1 cov]$ ) lea!r4 ,! snaffle-bit is atta*$ to ! halt] head-/all by a *a9 & ,t2 ! curb has a sep>ate head-/all1 :i* on a m>* is occasionally tak5 (f & hung on ! c>b9e /ock4 ,! ,s>d9ian saddle has a b>e wood5 tree v simil> to ! ,hung>ian4 ,a common blanket1 fold$ 9 twelve ?icknesses1 is plac$ "u x4 ,! gir? & surc+le are ( lea!r4 ,)\t express+ any op9ion z to ! comp>ative m]its ( ^! diff]5t saddles1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to give a few g5]al pr9ciples1 :i* ,i reg>d z infallible 9 ! *oice ( a saddle4 ,! side-bo>ds %\ld be l>ge1 & made to con=m to ! %ape ( ! horse's back1 !reby di/ribut+ ! burd5 ov] a l>ge surface4 ,x %\ld /& up well above ! sp9e1 s z to admit a free circulation ( air "u x4 ,= long j\rneys1 ! crupp]1 :]e x comes 9 contact ) ! tail1 %\ld be made ( s(t lea!r4 ,x %\ld be drawn back only f> en\gh to hold ! saddle f ! )]s4 ,"s horses require mu* m t5sion ^u ! crupp] ?an o!rs4 ,! gir? %\ld be made broad1 ( a s(t & ela/ic mat]ial4 ,^? made ( hair1 9 use among ! ,mexicans1 fulfill ! precit$ conditions4 ,a light & easy bit1 :i* w n fret or *afe ! horse1 is recomm5d$4 ,! saddle-blanket mu/ be fold$ ev5 & smoo?1 & plac$ on s z to cov] e "p ( ! back t comes 9 contact ) ! saddle1 & 9 w>m wea!r x is well to place a gunny bag "u ! blanket1 z x is cool] ?an ! wool4 ,x w h be5 obs]v$ t1 9 ! ,fr5* s]vice1 ! fold$ saddle-blanket is ti$ to ! pommel to prev5t x slipp+ back4 ,?is is well if ! blanket be tak5 (f & ?or\ghly dri$ :5ev] ! horse is unsaddl$4 ,a saddle-blanket made ( moss is us$ 9 "s ( ! ,s\?we/]n ,/ates1 :i* is reg>d$ by _m z ! p]fection ( ?is article ( horse equipm5t4 ,x is a mat wov5 into ! prop] %ape & size f ! beat5 fibres ( moss t hangs f ! trees 9 our ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,x is *eap1 durable1 is n 9 any way affect$ by sweat1 & does n *afe or heat ! horse's sp9e l ! wool5 blanket4 ,its op5 texture all[s a rapid evaporation1 :i* t5ds to keep ! back cool1 & obviates ! dang] ( /ripp+ & sudd5 exposure ( ! heat$ p>ts to ! sun & air4 ,! exp]i5ce ( "s ( our (fic]s :o h us$ ?is mat = ye>s 9 ,mexico & ,texas corroborates all ,i h said 9 its favor2 & !y are unanim\s 9 ! op9ion t a horse w nev] get a sore back :5 x is plac$ "u a good saddle4 ,a saddle made by ! ,mexicans 9 ,cali=nia is call$ ! ,cali=nia saddle4 ,?is is ext5sively us$ ^u ! ,pacific slope ( ! m\nta9s1 & is believ$ to possess1 at lea/1 z _m advantages = r\gh fronti] s]vice z any o!r patt]n t has be5 inv5t$4 ,^? h>dy & exp]i5c$ vet]ans1 ! m\nta9e]s1 c\ld n be p]suad$ to ride any o!r saddle1 & _! rip5$ k ( su* matt]s c]ta9ly gives weight to _! conclusions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cali=nia ,,saddle4 ,! m]its ( ! ,cali=nia saddle consi/ 9 its be+ light1 /rong1 & compact1 & con=m+ well to ! %ape ( ! horse4 ,:5 /rapp$ on1 x re/s s firmly 9 position t ! /ronge/ pull ( a horse ^u a l>iat atta*$ to ! pommel c n displace x4 ,its %ape is su* t ! rid] is compell$ to sit ne>ly erect1 ) 8 legs on ! cont9uation ( ! l9e ( ! body1 :i* makes 8 seat m secure1 &1 at ! same "t1 gives him a bett] control ov] 8 arms & horse4 ,?is position is atta9$ by sett+ ! /irrup-lea!rs f>!r back ?an on ! old-fa%ion$ saddle4 ,! pommel is high1 l ! ,mexican saddle1 & prev5ts ! rid] f be+ ?r[n =w>d4 ,! tree is cov]$ ) raw hide1 put on gre51 & sew$2 :5 ?is dries & contracts x gives x great /r5g?4 ,x has no iron 9 its composition1 b is kept toge!r by bucksk9 /r+s1 & c easily be tak5 to pieces = m5d+ or clean+4 ,x has a hair gir? ab\t five in*es wide4 ,! :ole saddle is cov]$ ) a l>ge & ?ick %eet ( sole-lea!r1 hav+ a hole to lay ov] ! pommel2 x ext5ds back ov] ! horse's hips1 & protects !m f ra91 & :5 tak5 (f 9 camp x furni%es a good security aga9/ dampness :5 plac$ "u ! travel]'s b$4 ,! ,cali=nia saddle-tree is reg>d$ by _m z ! be/ ( all o!rs = ! horse's back1 & z hav+ an easi] seat ?an ! ,mexican4 ,g5]al ,comte de la ,ro*e-,aymon1 9 8 treatise ^u ,light ,troops1 publi%$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahef1 says3 ,9 ne>ly all ! ,european armies ! equipm5t ( ! horse is n 9 h>mony ) ! new tactics--) ^? tactics 9 :i*1 dur+ ne>ly all ( a campaign1 ! cavalry rema9s 9 biv\ac4 ,h we reflect$ ^u ! k9d ( saddle :i*1 "u ^! circum/ances1 w\ld cov] ! horse be/ )\t incommod+ him dur+ ! %ort p]iods t he is p]mitt$ to repose8 ,h we reflect$ ^u ! k9d ( saddle :i*1 (f]+ ! lea/ fragility1 exposes ! horse to ! lea/ dang] ( sore back8 ,all ! cuirassi]s & ! dragoons ( ,europe h saddles :i* !y call ,fr5* saddle1 ! weight ( :i* is a load = ! horse4 ,! int]ior me*anism ( ^! saddles is complicat$ & fill$ ) weak b&s ( iron1 :i* become d]ang$1 b5d1 & sometimes break2 ! rid] does n p]ceive ^! accid5ts1 or he does n wi% to p]ceive !m1 = fe> ( be+ left beh9d or ( hav+ to g on foot2 he cont9ues on1 & at ! end ( a day's m>* 8 horse has a sore back1 & 9 a few days is absolutely uns]viceable4 ,we may satisfy ourselves ( ! tru? ( ^! obs]vations by comp>+ ! li/s ( horses s5t to ! re> dur+ ! c\rse ( a campaign by ! cuirassi]s & dragoons :o use ! ,fr5* saddle1 & by ! huss>s ) ! ,hung>ian saddle4 ,! numb] s5t to ! re> by ! latt] is inf9itely less1 al?\gh employ$ 9 a s]vice mu* m active & sev]e2 & x might be /ill less by mak+ "s slight improvem5ts 9 ! mann] ( fix+ _! saddle ^u ! horse4 ,x is a long "t s9ce ,m>%al ,saxe said !re 0 b "o k9d ( saddle fit = cavalry1 :i* 0 ! huss> saddle3 ?is comb9$ all advantages1 lightness1 solidity1 & economy4 ,x is a/oni%+ t ! sy/em ( actual w> _h n l$ to ! employm5t ( ! k9d ( saddle 9 use among ! ,t>t>s1 ! ,cossacks1 ! ,hung>ians1 &1 inde$1 among all horsem5 & nomads4 ,?is saddle has ! inconte/able advantage ( p]mitt+ ! horse to lie d[n & re/ himself )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,if1 not)/&+ ! fold$ blanket :i* !y place "u ! ,hung>ian saddle1 ?is saddle w /ill w\nd ! animal's back sometimes1 ?is only proce$s f ! friction occasion$ by ! motion ( ! horse & ! movem5t ( ! rid] ^u ! saddle2 a friction :i* x w be ne>ly impossible to avoid1 inasmu* z ! saddle-b[ is held 9 its place only by a surc+le1 ! ends ( :i* are unit$ by a lea!rn b&3 ^! b&s always relax m or less1 & ! saddle becomes loose4 ,to rem$y ?is1 ,i propose to atta* to ! saddle-b[ itself a d\ble gir?1 "o end ( :i* %all be made fa/ to ! ar* 9 front1 & ! o!r end to ! re> ( ! ar* ^u ! "r side1 to unite 9 a s+le gir?1 :i* w\ld buckle to a /rap atta*$ ^u ! left side 9 ! usual mann]4 ,?is buckle w hold ! saddle firmly 9 its place4 ,not)/&+ all ^! precautions1 h[ev]1 !re 7 /ill "s inconv5i5ces result+ f ! nature ( ! blanket plac$ "u ! saddle1 :i* ,i s\ght to rem$y1 & ,i easily accompli%$ x4 ,! wool5 nap ( ! cavalry saddle-blankets1 n be+ c>efully att5d$ to1 soon we>s (f1 & leaves only ! r\gh1 co>se ?reads ( ! fabric2 ?is absorbs ! sweat f ! horse1 &1 aft] x has dri$ & become h>d1 x acts l a rasp ^u ! )]s1 fir/ tak+ (f ! hair1 next ! sk91 & !n ! fle%1 &1 f9ally1 ! bea/ is r5d]$ uns]viceable4 ,i s\ght1 dur+ ! campaign ( #ahjg1 a means to rem$y ?is evil1 & ,i soon succe$$ by a process z simple z x 0 *eap4 ,i di/ribut$ among a great numb] ( cavalry soldi]s pieces ( l95 clo? fold$ d\ble1 two feet squ>e1 & previ\sly dipp$ 9 melt$ tall[4 ,?is clo? 0 laid next to ! horse's back1 "u ! saddle-blanket1 & x prev5t$ all ! bad effects ( ! wool5 blanket4 ,no horses1 aft] ?is appliance1 7 afflict$ ) sore backs4 ,su* are ! slight *anges :i* ,i believe %\ld be made 9 ! use ( ! ,hung>ian saddle4 ,! rema9d] ( ! equipm5t %\ld rema9 7z x always has be57 compos$ ( a brea/-/rap1 crupp]1 & m>t+ale1 etc4 ,! improvem5ts ( ! pres5t age d n appe> to h develop$ any ?+ advantage\s to ! saddle2 on ! contr>y1 aft] exp]im5t+ ^u num]\s modifications & inv5tions1 public s5tim5t has at l5g? giv5 ! pref]5ce to ! saddle-tree ( ! natives 9 ,asia & ,am]ica1 :i* is v simil> to t ( ! ,hung>ians4 ,,sores ,,& ,,diseases4 ,if a horse be sweat+ at ! "t he is unsaddl$1 x is well to /rap ! fold$ saddle-blanket ^u 8 back ) ! surc+le1 :]e x is all[$ to rema9 until he is p]fectly dry4 ,?is causes ! back to cool gradually1 & prev5ts scald+ or swell+4 ,"s p]sons are 9 ! habit ( wa%+ _! horses' backs :ile heat$ & sweat+ ) cold wat]1 b ?is is p]nici\s1 & (t5 produces sores4 ,x is well en\gh to wa% ! back aft] x cools1 b n be=e4 ,aft] horses' backs or %\ld]s once become *af$ & sore1 x is v difficult to heal !m1 p>ticul>ly :5 !y are cont9u$ at "w4 ,x is bett]1 if practicable1 to /op us+ !m = a :ile1 & wa% ! bruis$ p>ts (t5 ) ca/ile soap & wat]4 ,%\ld x be necess>y1 h[ev]1 to cont9ue ! animal 9 use1 ,i h kn[n v sev]e sores entirely heal$ by ! free application ( grease to ! p>ts imm$iately aft] halt+1 & :ile ! animal is w>m & sweat+4 ,?is seems to h>d5 ! sk9 & heal ! w\nd ev5 :5 work+ ) ! coll> 9 contact ) x4 ,a piece ( bacon r9d ti$ ^u ! coll> ov] ! w\nd is also an excell5t rem$y4 ,9 ,texas1 :5 ! horse-flies are num]\s1 !y attack animals )\t m]cy1 & :]e a contusion is f\nd 9 ! sk9 !y deposit eggs1 :i* spe$ily produce worms 9 great numb]s4 ,i h tri$ ! effect ( spirits ( turp5t9e & sev]al o!r rem$ies1 b no?+ seem$ to h ! desir$ effect b calomel bl[n into ! w\nd1 :i* de/roy$ ! worms & soon effect$ a cure4 ,9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,s\? ,pass1 ^u ! ,humboldt ,riv]1 & 9 "s sections ^u o!r r\tes to ,cali=nia1 alkal9e wat] is f\nd1 :i* is v poison\s to animals t dr9k x1 & g5]ates a disease kn[n 9 ,cali=nia z alkali4 ,?is disease fir/ makes its appe>ance by swell+s ^u ! abdom5 & betwe5 ! =e legs1 & is att5d$ ) a c\gh1 :i* ultimately de/roys ! lungs & kills ! animal4 ,if tak5 at an e>ly /age1 ?is disease is curable1 & ! foll[+ treatm5t is g5]ally consid]$ z ! mo/ efficaci\s4 ,! animal is fir/ rak$1 aft] :i* a l>ge dose ( grease is p\r$ d[n its ?roat2 acids are said to h ! same effect1 & give imm$iate relief4 ,:5 nei!r ( ^! rem$ies c be procur$1 _m ( ! emigrants h be5 9 ! habit ( mix+ />* or fl\r 9 a bucket ( wat]1 & all[+ ! animal to dr9k x4 ,x is suppos$ t ?is =ms a coat+ ov] ! muc\s membrane1 & ?us defeats ! action ( ! poison4 ,animals %\ld nev] be all[$ to graze 9 ! vic9ity ( alkal9e wat]1 z ! deposits ^u ! grass aft] floods are equally delet]i\s ) ! wat] itself4 ,9 seasons :5 ! wat] is l[ 9 ! ,humboldt ,riv]1 !re is mu* less dang] ( ! alkali1 z ! runn+ wat] 9 ! riv] !n comes f pure m\nta9 spr+s1 & is conf9$ to ! *annel2 :]eas1 dur+ high wat]1 :5 ! banks are ov]fl[$1 ! salts are dissolv$1 mak+ ! wat] m impure4 ,= colic1 a good rem$y is a mixture ( two table-spoonfuls ( br&y & two tea-spoonfuls ( laudanum dissolv$ 9 a bottle ( wat] & p\r$ d[n ! animal's ?roat4 ,ano!r rem$y1 :i* has be5 recomm5d$ to me by an exp]i5c$ (fic] z produc+ spe$y relief1 is a table-spoonful ( *loride ( lime dissolv$ 9 a bottle ( wat]1 & adm9i/]$ z 9 ! o!r case4 ,,rattlesnake ,,bites4 ,^u ! s\!rn r\tes to ,cali=nia rattlesnakes are (t5 met )1 b x is seldom t any p]son is bitt5 by !m2 yet ?is is a possible cont+5cy1 & x c nev] be amiss to h an antidote at h&4 ,h>t%orn appli$ ext]nally to ! w\nd1 & drunk 9 small quantities dilut$ ) wat] :5ev] ! pati5t becomes fa9t or exhau/$ f ! effects ( ! poison1 is "o ( ! mo/ common rem$ies4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( all m$ic9es1 a /r+ or ligature %\ld at once be b\nd firmly above ! puncture1 !n sc>ify deeply ) a knife1 suck out ! poison1 & spit out ! saliva4 ,&]sson1 9 8 book on ,s\?we/]n ,africa1 says3 ,9 ! ,cape ,colony ! ,dut* f>m]s resort to a cruel b app>5tly effective plan to c\nt]act ! bad effects ( a s]p5t's bite4 ,an incision hav+ be5 made 9 ! brea/ ( a liv+ f[l1 ! bitt5 "p is appli$ to ! w\nd4 ,if ! poison be v deadly1 ! bird soon ev9ces symptoms ( di/ress1 becomes dr[sy1 droops its head1 & dies4 ,x is replac$ by a second1 a ?ird1 & m if requisite4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! bird no long] exhibits any ( ! signs j m5tion$1 ! pati5t is consid]$ out ( dang]4 ,a frog simil>ly appli$ is suppos$ to be equally efficaci\s4 ,haunb]g1 9 8 ,travels 9 ,s\? ,africa1 m5tions an antidote aga9/ ! bite ( s]p5ts4 ,he says3 ,! blood ( ! turtle 0 mu* cri$ up1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ?is extraord9>y virtue1 ! inhabitants dry 9 ! =m ( small scales or membranes1 & c>ry ab\t !m :5 !y travel 9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* sw>ms ) ?is mo/ noxi\s v]m94 ,:5ev] any "o is w\nd$ by a s]p5t1 he takes a c\ple ( p9*es ( ! dri$ blood int]nally1 & applies a little ( x to ! w\nd4 ,i 0 pres5t ^u "o occasion :5 an ,indian *ild 0 /ruck 9 ! =e f+] by a l>ge rattlesnake4 ,8 "m1 :o 0 ne> at ! "t1 seiz$ him 9 h] arms1 &1 plac+ ! w\nd$ f+] 9 h] m\?1 suck$ ! poison f ! puncture = "s m9utes1 repeat$ly spitt+ out ! saliva2 aft] :i* %e *ew$ & ma%$ "s planta9 leaves & appli$ to ! w\nd4 ,ov] ?is %e spr9kl$ "s f9ely-p[d]$ tobacco1 & wrapp$ ! f+] up 9 a rag4 ,i did n obs]ve t ! *ild suff]$ aft]w>d ! lea/ pa9 or inconv5i5ce4 ,! imm$iate application ( ! rem$ies probably sav$ 8 life4 ,irritation f ! bite ( gnats & musquitoes1 etc41 may be reliev$ by *ew+ ! planta91 & rubb+ ! spittle on ! bite4 ,i knew ( ano!r in/ance ne> ,=t ,t[son1 9 ,nor!rn ,texas1 :]e a small *ild 0 left ^u ! e>!n floor ( a cab9 :ile its "m 0 wa%+ at a spr+ ne> by4 ,%e he>d a cry ( di/ress1 &1 on go+ to ! cab91 :at 0 h] horror on see+ a rattlesnake coil$ ar\nd ! *ild's arm1 & /rik+ x repeat$ly ) its fangs4 ,aft] kill+ ! snake1 %e hurri$ to h] ne>e/ neighbor1 procur$ a bottle ( br&y1 & return$ z soon z possible2 b ! poison _h already s op]at$ ^u ! arm t x 0 z black z a negro's4 ,%e p\r$ d[n ! *ild's ?roat a huge draught ( ! liquor1 :i* soon took effect1 mak+ x v drunk1 & /opp$ ! action ( ! poison4 ,al?\gh ! *ild 0 reliev$1 x rema9$ sick = a long "t1 b ultimately recov]$4 ,a man 0 /ruck 9 ! leg by a v l>ge rattlesnake ne> ,=t ,belknap1 ,texas1 9 #ahec4 ,no o!r rem$y be+ at h&1 a small piece ( indigo 0 pulv]iz$1 made into a p\ltice ) wat]1 & appli$ to ! puncture4 ,x seem$ to draw out ! poison1 turn+ ! indigo :ite1 aft] :i* x 0 remov$ & ano!r p\ltice appli$4 ,^! applications 7 repeat$ until ! indigo ceas$ to *ange its color4 ,! man 0 !n c>ri$ to ! hospital at ,=t ,belknap1 & soon recov]$1 & ! surgeon ( ! po/ pron\nc$ x a v satisfactory cure4 ,a ,*ickasaw woman1 :o 0 bitt5 ^u ! foot ne> ,=t ,wa%ita by a gr\nd rattlesnake 7a v v5om\s species71 drank a bottle ( :isky & appli$ ! indigo p\ltice1 & :5 ,i saw h]1 ?ree days aft]w>d1 %e 0 recov]+1 b ! fle% ar\nd ! w\nd sl\gh$ away4 ,a ,delaw>e rem$y1 :i* is said to be efficaci\s1 is to burn p[d] ^u ! w\nd1 b ,i h nev] kn[n x to be tri$ except+ ^u a horse4 ,9 ?is case x 0 successful1 or1 at all ev5ts1 ! animal recov]$4 ,( all ! rem$ies kn[n to me1 ,i %\ld decid$ly pref] ard5t spirits4 ,x is consid]$ a sov]eign antidote among our ,we/]n fronti] settl]s1 & ,i w\ld make use ( x ) great confid5ce4 ,x mu/ be tak5 until ! pati5t becomes v mu* intoxicat$1 & ?is requires a l>ge quantity1 z ! action ( ! poison seems to c\nt]act its effects4 ,%\ld ! fangs ( ! snake p5etrate deep en\gh to rea* an art]y1 x is probable ! p]son w\ld die 9 a %ort "t4 ,i imag9e1 h[ev]1 t ?is does n (t5 occur4 ,! foll[+ rem$ial measures = ! treatm5t ( ! bites ( poison\s reptiles are recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,philip ,we/on 9 ! ,london ,lancet = ,july1 #ahei3 #a4 ,! application ( a ligature r\nd ! limb close to ! w\nd1 betwe5 x & ! he>t1 to arre/ ! return ( v5\s blood4 #b4 ,excision ( ! bitt5 p>ts1 or free incision ?r\gh ! w\nds made by ! poison-tee?1 subsequ5tly enc\rag+ ! ble$+ by w>m solutions to favor ! escape ( ! poison f ! circulation4 #c4 ,caut]ization widely r\nd ! limb ( ! bite ) a /rong solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 "o dra*m to ! ounce1 to prev5t ! introduction ( ! poison into ! sy/em by ! lymphatics4 #d4 ,z soon z indications ( ! absorption ( ! poison into ! circulation beg9 to manife/ !mselves1 ! int]nal adm9i/ration ( ammonia 9 a]at$ or soda-wat] e qu>t] ( an h\r1 to support ! n]v\s en]gy & allay ! di/ress+ ?ir/4 ,b1 he cont9ues1 !re is yet want+ "s rem$y t %all rapidly c\nt]act ! poison introduc$ into ! blood1 & assi/ 9 expell+ x f ! sy/em4 ,! well-au!nticat$ acc\nts ( ! success att5d+ ! int]nal use ( ars5ic 9 injuries aris+ f ! bites ( v5om\s reptiles 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 & also 9 ,africa1 & ! well-kn[n prop]ties ( ?is m$ic9e z a p[]ful tonic & alt]ative 9 conditions ( impair$ vitality ( ! blood aris+ f ! absorption ( c]ta9 blood-poisons1 w\ld lead me to include ?is ag5t 9 ! treatm5t already m5tion$4 ,x %\ld be adm9i/]$ 9 comb9ation ) ammonia1 9 full doses1 frequ5tly repeat$1 s z to neutralize quickly ! poison circulat+ 9 ! blood be=e x c be elim9at$ f ! sy/em4 ,?is c\ld readily be accompli%$ by add+ t5 to fifte5 m9ims ( ,f[l]'s solution to ! comp\nd _s ( ammonia1 to be giv5 e qu>t] ( an h\r 9 a]at$ or soda-wat]1 until ! vomit+ & ! m urg5t symptoms ( collapse h subsid$1 subsequ5tly repeat+ ! dose at long] int]vals until reaction _h become fully e/abli%$1 & ! pati5t reliev$ by copi\s bili\s dejections4 ,c$ron1 :i* is a nut t gr[s on ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 & :i* is sold by ! druggi/s 9 ,new ,york1 is said to be an infallible antidote to s]p5t-bites4 ,9 ! ,bullet4 de l',acad4 de ,m$4 = ,febru>y1 #aheh1 x is /at$ t a man 0 bitt5 at ,panama by a coral snake1 ! mo/ poison\s species on ! ,i/hmus4 ,dur+ ! few seconds t x took him to take ! c$ron f 8 bag1 he 0 seiz$ ) viol5t pa9s at ! he>t & ?roat2 b he _h sc>cely *ew$ & swall[$ a piece ( ! nut ab\t ! size ( a small bean1 :5 ! pa9s ceas$ z by magic4 ,he *ew$ a little m1 & appli$ x ext]nally to ! w\nd1 :5 ! pa9s disappe>$1 & 7 foll[$ by a copi\s evacuation ( a sub/ance l curdl$ milk4 ,_m o!r cases are m5tion$ :]e ! c$ron prov$ an antidote4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,biv\acs4 ,t5te d',abri4 ,gutta-p]*a ,knapsack ,t5t4 ,coman*e ,lodge4 ,sibley ,t5t4 ,camp ,furniture4 ,litt]s4 ,rapid ,travel+4 ,fuel4 ,mak+ ,fires4 ,fires on ! ,prairies4 ,j]k+ ,meat4 ,mak+ ,l>iats4 ,mak+ ,ca*es4 ,disposition ( ,fire-arms4 ,colt's ,revolv]s4 ,gun ,accid5ts4 ,trail+4 ,indian ,sagacity4 ,,biv\acs ,,& ,,t5ts4 ,9 travel+ ) pack animals x is n always conv5i5t or practicable to transport t5ts1 & ! travel]'s +5uity is (t5 tax$ 9 devis+ ! mo/ available means = mak+ himself com=table & secure aga9/ w9ds & /orms4 ,i h (t5 be5 a/oni%$ to see h[ soon an exp]i5c$ voyag]1 )\t any res\rces save ^? provid$ by nature1 w erect a com=table %elt] 9 a place :]e a p]son hav+ no k ( woodcraft w\ld nev] ?9k ( su* a ?+4 ,almo/ all p 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w h _! own peculi> me?ods ( biv\ack+4 ,9 ! sev]e climate ( ,?ibet1 ,dr4 ,hook] in=ms u t !y encamp ne> l>ge rocks1 :i* absorb ! heat dur+ ! day1 & give x out sl[ly dur+ ! night4 ,!y =m1 z x 71 res]voirs ( caloric1 ! influ5ce ( :i* is exce$+ly grateful dur+ a cold night4 ,9 ! pol> regions ! ,esquimaux live & make !mselves com=table 9 huts ( ice or sn[1 & ) no o!r combu/ible b oil4 ,! natives ( ,au/ralia bury _! bodies 9 ! s&1 keep+ _! heads only above ! surface1 & ?us sleep w>m dur+ ! *illy nights ( t climate4 ,=tunately = ! heal? & com=t ( travel]s ^u ! ,pla9s1 ! atmosph]e is pure & dry dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye>1 & x is seldom t any ra9 or dew is se52 nei!r are !re m>%es or ponds ( /agnant wat] to g5]ate putrid exhalations & poison\s mal>ia4 ,! night air ( ! summ] mon?s is s(t1 exhil>at+1 & delightful4 ,p]sons may !re=e sleep 9 x & inhale x ) p]fect impunity1 &1 inde$1 _m pref] ?is to brea?+ ! conf9$ atmosph]e ( a h\se or t5t4 ,dur+ ! ra9y season only is x necess>y to seek %elt]4 ,9 travel+ ) cov]$ wagons "o always has protection f /orms1 b ) pack tra9s x becomes necess>y to improvise ! be/ sub/itutes = t5ts4 ,a v secure protection aga9/ /orms may be con/ruct$ by plant+ firmly 9 ! gr\nd two upright poles1 ) =ks at _! tops1 & cross+ !m ) a light pole laid 9 ! =ks4 ,a gutta-p]*a clo?1 or %eet ( canvas1 or1 9 ! abs5ce ( ei!r ( ^! two1 blankets1 may be atta*$ by "o side to ! horizontal pole1 ! opposite edge be+ /ret*$ out to ! w9dw>d at an angle ( ab\t =ty-five degrees to ! gr\nd1 & !re fa/5$ ) wood5 p9s1 or ) bucksk9 /r+s ti$ to ! l[] bord] ( ! clo? & to pegs driv5 firmly into ! e>?4 ,?is =ms a %elt] = ?ree or f\r m51 & is a good def5se aga9/ w9ds & ra9s4 ,if a fire be !n made 9 front1 ! smoke w be c>ri$ away1 s z n to incommode ! occupants ( ! biv\ac4 ,?is is call$ a half-fac$ camp4 ,illu/ration3 ,,half-,,fac$ ,,camp4 ,ano!r me?od practic$ a great deal among m\nta9 m5 & ,indians consi/s 9 plac+ sev]al r\gh poles equidi/ant ar\nd 9 a half circle1 & br++ ! small ends toge!r at ! top1 :]e !y are b\nd ) a ?ong4 ,?is =ms ! conical frame-"w ( ! biv\ac1 :i*1 :5 cov]$ ) a clo? /ret*$ ar\nd x1 makes a v good %elt]1 & is pref]able to ! half-fac$ camp1 because ! sides are cov]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,conical ,,biv\ac4 ,:5 no clo?s1 blankets1 or hides are at h& to be plac$ ov] ! poles ( ! lodge1 x may be cov]$ ) gre5 b\ghs laid on compactly1 s z to %$ a good deal ( ra91 & keep out ! w9d 9 cold wea!r4 ,we adopt$ ?is description ( %elt] 9 cross+ ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s dur+ ! w9t] ( #aheg-h1 & ?us =m$ a v effectual protection aga9/ ! bleak w9ds :i* sweep ) great viol5ce ov] ^? l(ty & inhospitable si]ras4 ,we always select$ a d5se ?icket = our encampm5t1 & cov]$ ! lodges ) a heavy coat+ ( p9e b\ghs1 wattl+ !m toge!r z compactly z possible1 & pil+ sn[ ^u ! outside 9 su* a mann] z to make !m q imp]vi\s to ! w9d4 ,! fires 7 !n k9dl$ at ! m\?s ( ! lodges1 & our heads & bodies 7 completely %elt]$1 :ile our feet 7 kept w>m by ! fires4 ,! ,fr5* troops1 :ile s]v+ 9 ! ,crimea1 us$ :at !y call ! t5te d'abri1 or %elt] t5t1 :i* seems to h be5 receiv$ ) great favor 9 ,europe4 ,x is compos$ ( two1 f\r1 or six squ>e pieces ( clo?1 ) buttons & buttonholes adju/$ ^u ! edges1 & is pit*$ by plant+ two upright /akes 9 ! gr\nd at a di/ance correspond+ ) ! l5g? ( ! canvas :5 button$ toge!r4 ,! two /icks are connect$ by a cord pass$ ar\nd ! top ( ea*1 drawn tight1 & ! ends made fa/ to p9s driv5 firmly into ! gr\nd4 ,! canvas is !n laid ov] ! rope betwe5 ! /icks1 spread out at an angle ( ab\t =ty-five degrees1 & ! l[] edges secur$ to ! e>? ) wood5 p9s4 ,?is makes "s def5se aga9/ ! wea!r1 & 0 ! only %elt] enjoy$ by ! mass ( ! ,fr5* army 9 ! ,crimea up to ,octob]1 #ahee4 ,= a p]man5t camp x is usual to excavate a %all[ basem5t "u ! t5t1 & to bank up ! e>? on ! outside 9 cold wea!r4 ,x is design$ t ^u m>*es ! t5te d'abri %all be tak5 to pieces & c>ri$ by ! soldi]s4 ,a t5t has rec5tly be5 prep>$ by ,mr4 ,john ,rid]1 #afe ,broadway1 ,new ,york1 :i* is call$ ! t5t knapsack4 ,x has be5 exam9$ by a bo>d ( army (fic]s1 & recomm5d$ = adoption 9 our milit>y s]vice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t5t ,,knapsack4 ,?is t5t is some:at simil> to ! t5te d'abri1 & is pit*$ 9 ! same mann]1 b x has ?is advantage1 t ea* sep>ate piece may be conv]t$ into a wat]-pro( knapsack4 ,! foll[+ extracts f ! ,report ( ! ,bo>d g to %[ t ?is t5t knapsack w be useful to p>ties travel+ on ! prairies ) pack tra9s3 ,x is a piece ( gutta-p]*a #e feet #c in*es long1 & #c feet #h in*es wide1 ) d\ble edges on "o side1 & brass /uds & button-holes along two edges1 & /raps & buckles on ! f\r? edge2 ! :ole weigh+ ?ree p\nds2 two /icks1 #c feet #h in*es long by #a-a_/d in*es 9 diamet]1 & a small cord4 ,:5 us$ z a knapsack1 ! clo?+ is pack$ 9 a cotton bag1 & ! gutta-p]*a %eet is fold$ r\nd x1 lapp+ at ! ends4 ,! clo?+ is ?us protect$ by two or ?ree ?icknesses ( gutta-p]*a1 & 9 ?is respect !re is a sup]iority ov] ! knapsack n[ us$ by our troops4 ,o!r advantages are1 t ! t5t knapsack has no seams1 ! p>ts at :i* ^? 9 use we> out soone/2 x adapts itself to ! size ( ! cont5ts1 s t a compact & portable bundle c be made1 :e!r ! kit be entire or n2 &1 ) ! cotton bag1 x =ms a conv5i5t1 commodi\s1 & durable receptacle = all a soldi]'s clo?+ & necess>ies4 ,on a sc\t a soldi] usually c>ries only a blanket1 ov]coat1 & at mo/ a s+le %irt1 pair ( draw]s1 & a pair ( socks1 all ( :i* c be pack$ 9 ! t5t knapsack 9 a small bundle1 p]fectly protect$ f ra91 & capable ( be+ susp5d$ f ! %\ld]s & c>ri$ ) com=t & ease dur+ a m>*4 #b;d4 ,z a %elt]4 ,! /uds & eyelets along two edges ( ! t5t knapsack are = ! purpose ( fa/5+ a numb] ( !m toge!r1 & ?us mak+ a %eet ( l>g] dim5sions4 ,a %eet =m$ by fa/5+ toge!r f\r knapsacks 0 exhibit$ to ! ,bo>d1 /ret*$ ^u a frame ( wood4 ,:5 us$ 9 s]vice ! %eet is to be /ret*$ on a rope support$ by two poles1 or by two rifles1 muskets1 or c>b9es1 & p9n$ d[n at ! sides ) six p9s1 ?ree on ea* side4 ,! %eet ( f\r knapsacks is #aj feet #f in*es long1 & #g feet #d in*es wide1 & :5 pit*$ on a rope #d feet #d in*es above ! gr\nd1 cov]s a horizontal space #f feet #f in*es wide1 & #g feet #d in*es long1 :i* w accommodate five m51 & may be made to %elt] sev54 ,! %eet c also be us$ on ! gr\nd1 & is a great protection f dampness1 & z a %awl or talma2 inde$1 a v>iety ( advantage\s uses to :i* ! gutta-p]*a %eet may be put w sugge/ !mselves to p]sons us+ x4 ,! ,bo>d is satisfi$ ) its m]its 9 all ! uses to :i* x is propos$ to be put1 & is ( op9ion t ! gutta-p]*a t5t knapsack may be adopt$ 9 ! milit>y s]vice ) advantage4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! usual t5em5t ( ! prairie tribes1 & ( ! trad]s1 trapp]s1 & hunt]s :o live among !m1 is ! ,coman*e lodge1 :i* is made ( eight /raight peel$ poles ab\t tw5ty feet long1 cov]$ ) hides or clo?4 ,! lodge is pit*$ by connect+ ! small] extremities ( ?ree ( ! poles ) "o end ( a long l9e4 ,! ?ree poles are !n rais$ p]p5dicul>ly1 & ! l>g] extremities spread out 9 a tripod to ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle t is to =m ! base ( ! lodge4 ,! o!r poles are !n rais$1 laid into ! =ks ( ! ?ree fir/1 & spread out equidi/ant ^u ! circle1 ?us =m+ ! conical framework ( ! /ructure4 ,n9e or t5 poles are g5]ally us$ 9 "o lodge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coman*e ,,lodge4 ,! long l9e atta*$ to ! tripod is !n w\nd sev]al times ar\nd ! top1 :]e ! poles int]sect1 & ! l[] end made fa/ at ! base ( ! lodge1 ?us secur+ ! frame firmly 9 its position4 ,! cov]+1 made ( buffalo hides1 dress$ )\t ! hair1 & cut & sew$ toge!r to fit ! conical frame1 is rais$ ) a pole1 spread out ar\nd ! /ructure1 & unit$ at ! edges ) %>p5$ wood5 pegs1 leav+ suffici5t space op5 at ! bottom = a doorway1 :i* may be clos$ ) a blanket spread out ) two small /icks1 & susp5d$ ov] ! op5+4 ,! l[] edge ( ! lodge is made fa/ to ! gr\nd ) wood5 p9s4 ,! apex is left op51 ) a triangul> w+ or flap on ea* side1 & ! w9dw>d flap con/antly /ret*$ out by means ( a pole ins]t$ into a pocket 9 ! end ( x1 :i* causes x to draw l a sail1 & ?us occasions a draught f ! fire built ^u ! gr\nd 9 ! c5tre ( ! lodge1 & makes x w>m & com=table 9 ! colde/ w9t] wea!r4 ,canvas makes a v good sub/itute = ! buffalo-sk9 cov]+4 ,,sibley ,,t5t4 ,a t5t has be5 inv5t$ by ,major ,h4 ,h4 ,sibley1 ( ! army1 :i* is kn[n z ! ,sibley t5t4 ,x is some:at simil> to ! ,coman*e lodge1 b 9 place ( ! conical frame-"w ( poles x has b "o upright /&>d1 re/+ ^u an iron tripod 9 ! c5tre4 ,! tripod c be us$ to susp5d cook+ ut5sils ov] ! fire1 &1 :5 fold$ up1 admits ! wood5 /&>d betwe5 ! legs1 !reby r$uc+ ! l5g? "o half1 & mak+ x m conv5i5t = pack+ & travel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sibley ,,t5t4 ,?is t5t con/itut$ ! entire %elt] ( ! army 9 ,utah dur+ ! w9t] ( #aheg-h1 &1 not)/&+ ! sev]ity ( ! climate 9 ! elevat$ locality ( ,camp ,scott1 ! troops 7 q com=table1 & pleas$ ) ! t5t4 ,9 p]man5t camps ! ,sibley t5t may be s pit*$ z to give m room by erect+ a tripod ^u ! outside ) ?ree poles high & /\t en\gh to admit ( ! t5t's be+ susp5d$ by ropes atta*$ to ! apex4 ,?is me?od disp5ses ) ! necessity ( ! c5tral upright /&>d4 ,:5 ! wea!r is v cold1 ! t5t may be made w>m] by excavat+ a basem5t ab\t ?ree feet deep1 :i* also gives a wall to ! t5t1 mak+ x m roomy4 ,! t5t us$ 9 ! army w %elt] com=tably twelve m54 ,capta9 ,g4 ,rhodes1 ( ! ,engli% army1 9 8 rec5t "w ^u t5ts & t5t-life1 has giv5 a description ( mo/ ( ! t5ts us$ 9 ! diff]5t armies 9 ,europe1 b1 9 my judgm5t1 none ( !m1 9 po9t ( conv5i5ce1 com=t1 & economy1 w comp>e ) ! ,sibley t5t = campaign+ 9 cold wea!r4 ,"o ( its mo/ important features1 t ( admitt+ ( a fire )9 x & ( caus+ a draught by ! disposition ( ! w+s1 is n1 t ,i am aw>e1 possess$ by any o!r t5t4 ,moreov]1 x is exempt f ! objections t are urg$ aga9/ "s o!r t5ts on acc\nt ( insalubrity f want ( top v5tilation to c>ry (f ! impure air dur+ ! night4 ,,camp ,,furniture4 ,! accompany+ illu/rations pres5t "s conv5i5t articles ( portable camp furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,camp ,,*air4 ,,no4 #a4 ,,camp ,,*air ,,no4 #a is ( oak or o!r h>d wood4 ,fig4 #a repres5ts x op5$ = use2 9 ,fig4 #b x is clos$ = transportation4 ,a is a /\t canvas1 =m+ ! back & seat2 b1 b1 b are iron butt-h+es2 c1 c are lea!r /raps1 "o in* & a qu>t] wide1 =m+ ! arms2 d is an iron rod1 ) nut & screw at "o end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,camp ,,*airs4 ,,nos4 #b ,,& #c4 ,,camp ,,*air ,,no4 #b is made ( /icks ti$ toge!r ) ?ongs ( bucksk9 or raw hide4 ,,camp ,,*air ,,no4 #c is a v com=table seat1 made ( a b>rel1 ! "p =m+ ! seat be+ fill$ ) grass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,camp ,,table4 ,,camp ,,table4 ,fig4 #a repres5ts ! table fold$ = transportation2 9 ,fig4 #b x is spread out = use4 ,a is ! top ( ! table2 a1 a are side bo>ds1 & c1 c are end bo>ds1 turn+ on butt-h+es1 b1 b1 b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,field ,,cot4 ,,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,field ,,cot4 ,,no4 #b4 ,,field ,,cots4 ,9 ,no4 #a1 ,a repres5ts ! cot put up = use2 ,b1 ! cot fold$ = transportation4 ,! legs turn ^u iron bolts runn+ ?r\gh ! head & foot bo>ds2 !y are !n plac$ ^u ! canvas1 & ! :ole is roll$ up ar\nd ! side pieces4 ,9 ,no4 #b ! upp] figure repres5ts ! cot put up = use2 ! l[] %[s x fold$ = transportation4 ,a is a /\t canvas2 b1 b are iron butt-h+es2 c1 c1 ! legs2 d1 d1 lea!r /raps1 ) buckles1 :i* hold ! legs firm2 f1 f1 ends1 :i* fold ^u h+es2 g1 g1 cross-b>s f leg to leg4 ,?is cot is /rong1 light1 & portable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,camp ,,bureau4 ,,camp ,,bureau4 ,?is cut repres5ts two *e/s1 ,a1 ,a1 ) _! h&les1 a1 a2 ! cov]s tak5 (f1 !y are plac$ "o ^u ! o!r1 & secur$ by ! clamps ,b1 ,b2 d %[s ! division betwe5 ! two *e/s4 ,:5 x is to be transport$1 ! knobs1 c1 are unscrew$ f ! draw]s1 ! look+-glass1 f1 is remov$1 ! draw]s are fill$ ) clo?+1 etc41 & ! lids are screw$ on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mess-,,*e/4 ,,mess-,,*e/4 ,a repres5ts ! *e/ op5 = table2 ,b is ! same clos$2 ,c is ! upp] tray ( t91 ) comp>tm5ts1 b1 b2 ,e is ! l[] wood5 tray1 divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 a1 a1 = v>i\s purposes1 & made fa/ to ! bottom ( ! *e/2 d1 d are lids op5+ ) h+es2 f 79 figure ,b7 is a wood5 leg1 turn+ ^u a h+e1 & fitt+ snugly betwe5 two pieces ( wood screw$ ^u ! cov]4 ,,litt]s4 ,%\ld a p>ty travel+ ) pack animals1 & )\t ambulances or wagons1 h "o ( its memb]s w\nd$ or tak5 s sick z to be unable to walk or ride on horseback1 a litt] may be con/ruct$ by tak+ two poles ab\t tw5ty feet 9 l5g?1 unit+ !m by two /icks ?ree feet long la%$ across ! c5tre at six feet ap>t1 & /ret*+ a piece ( /\t canvas1 a blanket1 or hide betwe5 !m to =m ! b$4 ,two /eady horses or mules are !n select$1 plac$ betwe5 ! poles 9 ! front & re> ( ! litt]1 & ! ends ( ! poles made fa/ to ! sides ( ! animals1 ei!r by atta*m5t to ! /irrups or to ! ends ( /raps secur$ ov] _! backs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horse-,,litt]4 ,! pati5t may !n be plac$ ^u ! litt]1 & is ready = ! m>*4 ,! ela/icity ( ! long poles gives an easy motion to ! conveyance1 & makes ?is me?od ( locomotion mu* m com=table ?an might be suppos$4 ,! prairie ,indians h a way ( transport+ _! sick & *ildr5 ^u a litt] v simil> 9 con/ruction to ! "o j describ$1 except+ t "o animal is us$ in/ead ( two4 ,"o end ( ! litt] is made fa/ to ! sides ( ! animal1 :ile ! o!r end is left to trail ^u ! gr\nd4 ,a projection is rais$ = ! feet to re/ aga9/ & prev5t ! pati5t f slid+ d[n4 ,in/ead ( canvas1 ! ,indians sometimes la% a l>ge will[ basket across ! poles1 9 :i* !y place ! p]son to be transport$4 ,! animals h>ness$ to ! litt] mu/ be c>efully conduct$ ^u ! m>*1 & caution us$ 9 pass+ ov] r\gh & brok5 gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h&-,,litt]4 ,a v conv5i5t & com=table me?od ( pack+ a sick or w\nd$ man :5 !re are no animals disposable1 & :i* is sometimes resort$ to by ! ,indians1 is to take two small poles ab\t t5 feet long1 & la% ?ree cross-pieces to !m1 "o 9 ! c5tre1 & ! o!r two ab\t eighte5 in*es f ! ends4 ,a blanket or hide is !n secur$ firmly to ?is frame1 & ! pati5t plac$ ^u x "u ! c5tre cross-piece1 :i* prev5ts him f fall+ out4 ,two m5 act z c>ri]s1 walk+ betwe5 ! ends ( ! long poles4 ,! pati5t may be protect$ aga9/ ! ra9 or sun by b5d+ small will[s ov] ! frame1 & cov]+ !m ) a clo?4 ,,rapid ,,travel+4 ,small p>ties ) good animals1 light vehicles1 & little lad+1 may trav]se ! ,pla9s rapidly & com=tably1 if ! foll[+ injunctions be obs]v$4 ,! day's drive %\ld comm5ce z soon z x is light1 &1 :]e ! road is good1 ! animals kept ^u a sl[ trot = ab\t ?ree h\rs1 !n imm$iately turn$ out ^u ! be/ grass t c be f\nd = two h\rs1 ?us giv+ "t = graz+ & breakfa/4 ,aft] :i* ano!r drive ( ab\t ?ree h\rs may be made1 mak+ ! noon halt ab\t ?ree h\rs1 :5 ! animals are aga9 h>ness$1 & ! j\rney cont9u$ until night4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh a c\ntry infe/$ by ho/ile ,indians1 ! ev5+ drive %\ld be prolong$ until an h\r or two aft] d>k1 turn+ (f at a po9t :]e ! gr\nd is h>d1 go+ ab\t half a mile f ! road1 & encamp+ )\t fires1 9 l[ gr\nd1 :]e ! ,indians w f9d x difficult to track or see ! p>ty4 ,^! frequ5t halts s]ve to re/ & recruit ! animals s t !y w1 )\t injury1 make f ?irty to =ty miles a day = a long "t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c only be done ) v light loads & vehicles1 su*1 = example1 z an ambulance ) f\r mules1 only ?ree or f\r p]sons1 & a small am\nt ( luggage4 ,,fuel ,,& ,,fire4 ,!re are long di/ances ^u "s ( ! r\tes to ,cali=nia :]e no o!r fuel is f\nd b ! dri$ dung ( ! buffalo1 call$ by ! m\nta9e]s *ips1 & by ! ,fr5* bois de va*e1 ! argul ( ! ,t>t>y des]ts4 ,x burns well :5 p]fectly dry1 answ]s a good purpose = cook+1 & "s m5 ev5 pref] x to wood4 ,z x w n burn :5 wet1 x is well1 9 a c\ntry :]e no o!r fuel c be _h1 :5 x ?reat5s to ra91 = ! travel] to collect a supply be=e ! ra9 sets 91 & c>ry x 9 wagons to ! camp4 ,:5 dry1 ! *ips are easily light$4 ,a great sav+ 9 fuel may be made by digg+ a tr5* ab\t two feet long by eight in*es 9 wid? & dep?2 ! fires are made 9 ! bottom ( ! tr5*1 & ! cook+ ut5sils plac$ ^u ! top1 :]e !y receive all ! heat4 ,?is plan is especially recomm5d$ = w9dy wea!r1 & x is conv5i5t at all times4 ,! wood %\ld be cut %ort1 & split into small pieces4 ,x is highly important t travel]s %\ld "k ! diff]5t me?ods t may be resort$ to = k9dl+ fires ^u a m>*4 ,! mo/ simple & mo/ exp$iti\s ( ^! is by us+ ! lucif] mat*es2 b1 unless !y are kept 9 well-cork$ bottles1 !y are liable to become wet1 & w !n fail to ignite4 ,! mo/ ( ^? f\nd 9 ! %ops easily imbibe dampness1 & are ( b little use 9 ! prairies4 ,^? m>k$ ,van ,dus]1 ,new ,york1 & put up 9 flat rectangul> boxes1 are ! be/ ,i h met )1 & 7 ! only ones ,i saw :i* 7 n affect$ by ! humid climate ( ,mexico4 ,wax lucif]s are bett] ?an wood51 z !y are imp]vi\s to moi/ure4 ,i h se5 an ,indian />t a fire ) fl9t & /eel aft] o!rs _h fail$ to d x ) mat*es4 ,?is 0 dur+ a heavy ra91 :5 almo/ all available fuel _h become wet4 ,on su* occasions dry fuel may g5]ally be obta9$ "u logs1 rocks1 or lean+ trees4 ,! inn] b>k ( "s dry trees1 c$> = in/ance1 is excell5t to k9dle a fire4 ,! b>k is rubb$ 9 ! h& until ! fibres are made f9e & loose1 :5 x takes fire easily2 dry grass or leaves are also good4 ,aft] a suffici5t quantity ( small k9dl+ fuel has be5 collect$1 a moi/5$ rag is rubb$ ) p[d]1 & a sp>k /ruck into x ) a fl9t & /eel1 :i* w ignite x2 ?is is !n plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! loose ne/ ( inflammable mat]ial1 & :irl$ ar\nd 9 ! air until x bur/s out into a flame4 ,:5 x is ra9+1 ! blaze %\ld be laid ^u ! drye/ spot t c be f\nd1 a blanket held ov] x to keep (f ! wat]1 & x is f$ ) v small bits ( dry wood & %av+s until x has ga9$ suffici5t /r5g? to burn ! l>g] damp wood4 ,:5 no dry place c be f\nd1 ! fire may be />t$ 9 a kettle or fry+-pan1 & aft]w>d transf]r$ to ! gr\nd4 ,%\ld !re be no o!r means ( />t+ a fire1 x c always be made ) a gun or pi/ol1 by plac+ ^u ! gr\nd a rag saturat$ ) damp p[d]1 & a little dry p[d] spr9kl$ ov] x4 ,! gun or pi/ol is !n 7un*>g$7 plac$ ) ! cone directly ov] & ne> ! rag1 & a cap explod$1 :i* w inv>iably ignite x4 ,ano!r me?od is by plac+ ab\t "o f\r? ( a *>ge ( p[d] into a gun1 pu%+ a rag d[n loosely ^u x1 & fir+ x out ) ! muzzle d[n ne> ! gr\nd1 :i* ignites ! rag4 ,! mo/ difficult ( all me?ods ( mak+ a fire1 b "o t is practic$ by "s ( ! ,we/]n ,indians1 is by friction betwe5 two pieces ( wood4 ,i _h (t5 he>d ( ?is process1 b nev] gave cr$it to its practicability until ,i saw ! exp]im5t successfully tri$4 ,x 0 done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,two dri$ /alks ( ! ,mexican soap-plant1 ab\t ?ree f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 7 select$1 & "o ( !m made flat on "o side2 ne> ! edge ( ?is flat surface a v small ind5tation 0 made to receive ! end ( ! o!r /ick1 & a groove cut f ?is d[n ! side4 ,! o!r /ick is cut ) a r\nd$ end1 & plac$ upright ^u ! fir/4 ,"o man !n holds ! horizontal piece ^u ! gr\nd1 :ile ano!r takes ! v]tical /ick betwe5 ! palms ( 8 h&s1 & turns x back & =? z rapidly z possible1 at ! same "t press+ =cibly d[n ^u x4 ,! po9t ( ! upright /ick we>s away ! ind5tation into a f9e p[d]1 :i* runs (f to ! gr\nd 9 ! groove t has be5 cut2 aft] a "t x beg9s to smoke1 & by cont9u$ friction x w at l5g? take fire4 ,?is is an op]ation t is difficult1 & requires practice2 b if a drill-/ick is us$ ) a cord plac$ ar\nd ! c5tre ( ! upright /ick1 x c be turn$ mu* m rapidly ?an ) ! h&s1 & ! fire produc$ m readily4 ,! upright /ick may be ( any h>d1 dry wood1 b ! l[] horizontal /ick mu/ be ( a s(t1 inflammable nature1 su* z p9e1 cottonwood1 or black walnut1 & x mu/ be p]fectly dry4 ,! ,indians "w ! /icks ) ! palms ( ! h&s1 hold+ ! l[] piece betwe5 ! feet2 b x is bett] to h a man to hold ! l[] piece :ile ano!r man works ! drill-b[4 ,inexp]i5c$ travel]s are v liable1 9 k9dl+ fires at _! camp1 to ignite ! grass ar\nd !m4 ,great caution %\ld be tak5 to gu>d aga9/ ! occurr5ce ( su* accid5ts1 z !y might prove exce$+ly disa/r\s4 ,we 7 v ne> hav+ our entire tra9 ( wagons & supplies de/roy$1 ^u "o occasion1 by ! c>elessness ( "o ( our p>ty 9 sett+ fire to ! grass1 & x 0 only by ! mo/ /r5u\s & well-tim$ ef=ts ( two hundr$ m5 9 sett+ c\nt] fires1 & burn+ ar\nd ! tra91 t x 0 sav$4 ,:5 ! grass is dry x w take fire l p[d]1 & if ?ick & tall1 ) a brisk w9d1 ! flames run l a race-horse1 sweep+ e ?+ be=e !m4 ,a light$ mat*1 or ! a%es f a seg> or pipe1 ?r[n c>elessly into ! dry grass1 sometimes sets x on fire2 b ! greate/ dang] lies 9 k9dl+ camp-fires4 ,to prev5t accid5ts ( ?is k9d1 be=e k9dl+ ! fire a space %\ld be cle>$ away suffici5t to embrace ! limits ( ! flame1 & all combu/ibles remov$ !refrom1 & :ile ! fire is be+ made m5 %\ld be /ation$ ar\nd ) blankets ready to put x out if x takes ! grass4 ,:5 a fire is approa*+1 & escape f its track is impossible1 x may be repell$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! tra9 & animals are p>k$ compactly toge!r2 !n sev]al m51 provid$ ) blankets1 set fire to ! grass on ! lee side1 burn+ x away gradually f ! tra91 & ext+ui%+ x on ! side next ! tra94 ,?is c easily be done1 & ! fire controll$ ) ! blankets1 or ) dry s& ?r[n ^u x1 until an area l>ge en\gh to give room = ! tra9 has be5 burn$ cle>4 ,n[ ! tra9 moves on to ?is gr\nd ( safety1 & ! fire passes by h>mless4 ,,j]k+ ,,meat4 ,s pure is ! atmosph]e 9 ! int]ior ( our cont95t t fre% meat may be cur$1 or j]k$1 z x is t]m$ 9 ! language ( ! prairies1 by cutt+ x into /rips ab\t an in* ?ick1 & hang+ x 9 ! sun1 :]e 9 a few days x w dry s well t x may be pack$ 9 sacks1 & transport$ ov] long j\rneys )\t putrefy+4 ,:5 !re is n "t to j]k ! meat by ! sl[ process describ$1 x may be done 9 a few h\rs by build+ an op5 frame-"w ( small /icks ab\t two feet above ! gr\nd1 plac+ ! /rips ( meat ^u ! top ( x1 & keep+ up a sl[ fire b5ea?1 :i* dries ! meat rapidly4 ,! j]k+ process may be done ^u ! m>* )\t any loss ( "t by /ret*+ l9es f front to re> ^u ! outside ( load$ wagons1 & susp5d+ ! meat ^u !m1 :]e x is all[$ to rema9 until suffici5tly cur$ to be pack$ away4 ,salt is nev] us$ 9 ?is process1 & is n requir$1 z ! meat1 if kept dry1 r>ely putrefies4 ,if travel]s h ample transportation1 x w be a wise precaution1 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! buffalo range1 to lay 9 a supply ( j]k$ meat = future exig5ces4 ,,l>iats4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s ^u long j\rneys t ! l>iat ropes we> out or are lo/1 & if !re 7 no means ( replac+ !m great inconv5i5ce might result !refrom4 ,a v good sub/itute may be made by tak+ ! gre5 hide ( a buffalo1 horse1 mule1 or ox1 /ret*+ x ^u ! gr\nd1 & p9n+ x d[n by ! edges4 ,aft] x has be5 well /ret*$1 a circle is describ$ ) a piece ( *>coal1 embrac+ z mu* ( ! sk9 z practicable1 & a /rip ab\t an in* wide cut f ! out] edge ( suffici5t l5g? to =m ! l>iat4 ,! /rip is !n wrapp$ ar\nd betwe5 two trees or /akes1 drawn tight1 & left to dry1 aft] :i* x is subject$ to a process ( friction until x becomes pliable1 :5 x is ready = use2 ?is l>iat answ]s well s long z x is kept dry1 b aft] x has be5 wet & dri$ aga9 x becomes v h>d & unyield+4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 may be obviat$ by boil+ x 9 oil or grease until ?or\ghly saturat$1 aft] :i* x rema9s pliable4 ,! ,indians make v good l>iat ropes ( dress$ buffalo or buck sk9s cut into n>r[ /rips & braid$2 ^!1 :5 oil$1 slip mu* m freely ?an ! hemp or cotton ropes1 & are bett] = lasso+ animals1 b !y are n z suitable = picket+ z ^? made ( o!r mat]ial1 because ! wolves w eat !m1 & ?us set free ! animals to :i* !y are atta*$4 ,,ca*es4 ,x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t travel]s are compell$1 = want ( transportation1 to ab&on a portion ( _! luggage1 & if x is expos$ to ! ke5 scrut9y ( ! ?iev+ savages :o (t5 foll[ ! trail ( a p>ty1 & hunt ov] old camps = su* ?+s z may be left1 x w be likely to be appropriat$ by !m4 ,su* cont+5cies h giv5 rise to a me?od ( secret+ articles call$ by ! old ,fr5* ,canadian voyag]s ca*+4 ,! prop] places = mak+ ca*es are 9 loose s&y soils1 :]e ! e>? is dry & easily excavat$4 ,ne> ! bank ( a riv] is ! mo/ conv5i5t = ?is purpose1 z ! e>? tak5 out c be ?r[n into ! wat]1 leav+ no trace beh9d4 ,:5 ! spot has be5 *os51 ! turf is c>efully cut & laid aside1 aft] :i* a hole is dug 9 ! %ape ( an egg1 & ( suffici5t dim5sions to conta9 ! articles to be secret$1 & ! e>?1 z x is tak5 out1 ?r[n ^u a clo? or blanket1 & c>ri$ to a /ream or rav9e1 :]e x c be dispos$ (1 be+ c>eful n to scatt] any ^u ! gr\nd ne> ! ca*e4 ,! hole is !n l9$ ) bu%es or dry grass1 ! articles plac$ )91 cov]$ ) grass1 ! hole fill$ up ) e>?1 & ! sods c>efully plac$ back 9 _! orig9al position1 & e ?+ t w\ld be likely to attract an ,indian's att5tion remov$ f ! locality4 ,if an ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a clo? is disposable1 x %\ld be us$ to envelop ! articles 9 ! ca*e4 ,ano!r plan ( mak+ a ca*e is to dig ! hole inside a t5t1 & occupy ! t5t = "s days aft] ! goods are deposit$4 ,?is effaces ! m>ks ( excavation4 ,! m\nta9 trad]s 7 =m]ly 9 ! habit ( build+ fires ov] _! ca*es1 b ! ,indians h become s famili> ) ?is practice t ,i %\ld ?9k x no long] safe4 ,ano!r me?od ( ca*+ :i* is sometimes resort$ to is to place ! articles 9 ! top ( an ev]gre5 tree1 su* z ! p9e1 hemlock1 or spruce4 ,! ?ick b\ghs are s arrang$ ar\nd ! packages t !y c n be se5 f b5ea?1 & !y are ti$ to a limb to prev5t !m f be+ bl[n out by ! w9d4 ,?is w only answ] = su* articles z w n become injur$ by ! wea!r4 ,caves or holes 9 ! rocks t are protect$ f ! ra9s are also secure deposits = ca*+ goods1 b 9 e case c>e mu/ be tak5 to oblit]ate all tracks or o!r indications ( m5 hav+ be5 ne> !m4 ,^! ca*es w be m secure :5 made at "s di/ance f roads or trails1 & 9 places :]e ,indians w\ld n be likely to pass4 ,to f9d a ca*e aga91 ! be>+ & di/ance f ! c5tre ( x to "s prom95t object1 su* z a m\nd1 rock1 or tree1 %\ld be c>efully det]m9$ & record$1 s t any "o1 on return+ to ! spot1 w\ld h no difficulty 9 asc]ta9+ its position4 ,,disposition ,,( ,,fire-,,arms4 ,! m\nta9e]s & trapp]s ex]cise a v wise precaution1 on lay+ d[n = ! night1 by plac+ _! arms & ammunition by _! sides1 :]e !y c be seiz$ at a mom5t's notice4 ,?is rule is nev] dep>t$ f1 & !y are !re=e seldom liable to be surpris$4 ,9 ,p>kyns's ,abyss9ia1 ,i f9d ! foll[+ rem>ks ^u ?is subject3 ,:5 gett+ sleepy1 y return y\r rifle betwe5 y\r legs1 roll ov]1 & g to sleep4 ,"s p may ?9k ?is is a que] place = a rifle2 b1 on ! contr>y1 x is ! position ( all o!rs :]e utility & com=t are mo/ comb9$4 ,! butt re/s on ! arm1 & s]ves z a pill[ = ! head2 ! muzzle po9ts betwe5 ! knees1 & ! arms encircle ! lock & bree*1 s t y h a smoo? pill[1 & are always prep>$ to />t up arm$ at a mom5t's notice4 ,i h nev] made ! exp]im5t ( sleep+ 9 ?is way1 b ,i %\ld imag9e t a gun-/ock w\ld make r a h>d pill[4 ,_m ( our exp]i5c$ fronti] (fic]s pref] c>ry+ _! pi/ols 9 a belt at _! sides to plac+ !m 9 hol/]s atta*$ to ! saddle1 z 9 ! =m] case !y are always at h& :5 !y are dism\nt$2 :]eas1 by ! o!r plan1 !y become useless :5 a man is unhors$1 unless he has "t to remove !m f ! saddle1 :i*1 dur+ ! excitem5t ( an action1 w\ld seldom be ! case4 ,not)/&+ ,colt's army & navy siz$ revolv]s h be5 9 use = a long "t 9 our army1 (fic]s are by no means ( "o m9d z to _! relative m]its = fronti] s]vice4 ,! navy pi/ol1 be+ m light & portable1 is m conv5i5t = ! belt1 b x is v que/ionable 9 my m9d :e!r ^! qualities c\nt]balance ! advantages d]iv$ f ! great] weight ( p[d] & lead t c be fir$ f ! l>g] pi/ol1 & ! consequ5t increas$ projectile =ce4 ,?is po9t is illu/rat$ by an incid5t :i* fell "u my own obs]vation4 ,9 pass+ ne> ! ,m$ic9e-,b[ ,butte dur+ ! spr+ ( #aheh1 ,i mo/ unexpect$ly enc\nt]$ & fir$ at a full-gr[n grizzly be>2 b1 z my horse _h become some:at bl[n by a previ\s gallop1 8 brea?+ s mu* di/urb$ my aim t ,i miss$ ! animal at ! %ort di/ance ( ab\t fifty y>ds1 & he ran (f4 ,fe>ful1 if ,i /opp$ to reload my rifle1 ! be> w\ld make 8 escape1 ,i resolv$ to drive him back to ! advanc$ gu>d ( our escort1 :i* ,i c\ld see approa*+ 9 ! di/ance2 ?is ,i succe$$ 9 do+1 :5 sev]al m\nt$ m51 arm$ ) ! navy revolv]s1 set (f 9 pursuit4 ,!y approa*$ )9 a few paces1 & dis*>g$ t5 or twelve %ots1 ! mo/ ( :i* ent]$ ! animal1 b he /ill kept on1 & 8 progress did n seem mat]ially imp$$ by ! w\nds4 ,aft] ^! m5 _h exhau/$ _! *>ges1 ano!r man rode up arm$ ) ! army revolv]1 & fir$ two %ots1 :i* br\ght ! /alw>t bea/ to ! gr\nd4 ,^u sk9n+ him & mak+ an exam9ation ( ! w\nds1 x 0 discov]$ t none ( ! balls f ! small pi/ols _h1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh 8 ?ick & t\gh hide1 p5etrat$ deep] ?an ab\t an in* into ! fle%1 b t ! two balls f ! l>ge pi/ol _h gone into ! vitals & kill$ him4 ,?is te/ 0 to my m9d a decisive "o z to ! relative effici5cy ( ! two arms = fronti] s]vice1 & ,i resolv$ !nce=? to c>ry ! l>g] size4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,grizzly4 ,sev]al diff]5t me?ods are practic$ 9 sl++ & c>ry+ fire-arms ^u horseback4 ,! %\ld]-/rap1 ) a swivel to hook into a r+ beh9d ! gu>d1 ) ! muzzle re/+ d[nw>d 9 a lea!r cup atta*$ by a /rap to ! same /aple z ! /irrup-lea!r1 is a v h&y me?od = cavalry soldi]s to sl+ _! c>b9es2 b1 ! gun be+ rev]s$1 ! jolt+ caus$ by ! motion ( ! horse t5ds to move ! *>ge & %ake ! p[d] out ( ! cone1 :i* r5d]s x liable to bur/ ! gun & to miss fire4 ,an inv5tion ( ! ,namaquas1 9 ,africa1 describ$ by ,galton 9 8 ,art ( ,travel1 is z foll[s3 ,sew a bag ( canvas1 lea!r1 or hide1 ( su* bigness z to admit ! butt ( ! gun pretty freely4 ,! /raps t support x buckle ?r\gh a r+ 9 ! pommel1 & ! ?ongs by :i* its slope is adju/$ fa/5 r\nd ! gir? bel[4 ,! exact adju/m5ts may n be hit ^u by an unpractic$ p]son = "s little "t1 b1 :5 !y are once asc]ta9$1 ! /raps ne$ nev] be %ift$4 ,! gun is p]fectly safe1 & nev] comes bel[ ! arm-pit1 ev5 9 tak+ a drop leap2 x is pull$ out 9 an in/ant by br++ ! elb[ 9 front ( ! gun & close to ! side1 s z to ?r[ ! gun to ! outside ( ! arm2 !n1 l[]+ ! h&1 ! gun is caught up4 ,x is a bungl+ way to take out ! gun :ile its b>rel lies betwe5 ! arm & ! body4 ,any siz$ gun c be c>ri$ 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,x (f]s no ob/acle to m\nt+ or dism\nt+4 ,?is may be a conv5i5t way ( c>ry+ ! gun2 ,i h nev] tri$ x4 ,( all me?ods ,i h us$1 ,i pref]1 = hunt+1 a piece ( lea!r ab\t twelve in*es by f\r1 ) a hole cut 9 ea* end2 "o ( ! ends is plac$ ov] ! pommel ( ! saddle1 & ) a bucksk9 /r+ made fa/ to x1 :]e x rema9s a p]man5t fixture4 ,:5 ! rid] is m\nt$1 he places 8 gun across ! /rap ^u ! saddle1 & c>ries ! loose end =w>d ov] ! pommel1 ! gun re/+ horizontally across 8 legs4 ,x w n[ only be necess>y occasionally to /eady ! gun ) ! h&4 ,aft] a little practice ! rid] w be able to control x ) 8 knees1 & x w be f\nd a v easy & conv5i5t me?od ( c>ry+ x4 ,:5 requir$ = use1 x is tak5 out 9 an in/ant by simply rais+ x ) ! h&1 :5 ! loose end ( ! /rap comes (f ! pommel4 ,! *ief causes ( accid5ts f ! use ( fire-arms arise f c>elessness1 & ,i h always obs]v$ t ^? p]sons :o are mo/ famili> ) _! use are inv>iably ! mo/ c>eful4 ,_m accid5ts h happ5$ f c>ry+ guns ) ! cock d[n ^u ! cap4 ,:5 9 ?is position1 a bl[ ^u ! cock1 & sometimes ! concussion produc$ by ! fall+ ( ! gun1 w explode ! cap2 &1 occasionally1 :5 ! cock cat*es a twig1 or 9 ! clo!s1 & lifts x f ! cap1 x w explode4 ,) a gun at half-cock !re is b little dang] ( su* accid5ts2 =1 :5 ! cock is drawn back1 x ei!r comes to ! full-cock1 & rema9s1 or x returns to ! half-cock1 b does n g d[n ^u ! cone4 ,ano!r s\rce ( v _m sad & fatal accid5ts result+ f ! mo/ /upid & culpable c>elessness is 9 p]sons /&+ be=e ! muzzles ( guns & attempt+ to pull !m out ( wagons1 or to draw !m ?r\gh a f5ce or bru% 9 ! same position4 ,if ! cock enc\nt]s an ob/acle 9 its passage1 x w1 ( c\rse1 be drawn back & fall ^u ! cap4 ,^! accid5ts are ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 & ! cause is well und]/ood by all1 yet m5 cont9ue to disreg>d x1 & _! lives pay ! p5alty ( _! indiscretion4 ,x is a wise maxim1 :i* applies ) especial =ce 9 campaign+ on ! prairies1 ,always look to y\r gun1 b nev] let y\r gun look at y4 ,an equally important maxim might be add$ to ?is3 ,nev] to po9t y\r gun at ano!r1 :e!r *>g$ or un*>g$1 & nev] all[ ano!r to po9t 8 gun at y4 ,"y m51 be=e !y become accu/om$ to ! use ( arms1 are v apt to be c>eless1 & a l>ge p]c5tage ( gun accid5ts may be trac$ to ?is cause4 ,t f9i%$ sportsman & wond]ful %ot1 my fri5d ,capta9 ,m>t9 ,scott1 ?an :om a m gallant soldi] nev] f\ght a battle1 0 ! mo/ c>eful man ) fire-arms ,i ev] knew1 & up to ! "t he receiv$ 8 dea?-w\nd ^u ! bloody field ( ,mol9o del ,rey he nev] ceas$ 8 caution>y advice to "y (fic]s ^u ?is subject4 ,8 ext5d$ exp]i5ce & intimate acqua9tance ) ! use ( arms _h fully impress$ him ) its importance1 & no man ev] liv$ ^: op9ions ^u ?is subject %\ld c>ry great] weight4 ,z incompreh5sible z x may appe> to p]sons accu/om$ to ! use ( fire-arms1 recruits are v prone1 be=e !y h be5 drill$ at t>get practice ) ball c>tridges1 to place ! ball bel[ ! p[d] 9 ! piece4 ,(fic]s conduct+ deta*m5ts ?r\gh ! ,indian c\ntry %\ld !re=e give _! special att5tion to ?is1 & require ! recruits to te> ! c>tridge & p\r all ! p[d] into ! piece be=e ! ball is ins]t$4 ,z accid5ts (t5 occur 9 camp f ! accid5tal dis*>ge ( fire-arms t h be5 capp$1 ,i w\ld recomm5d t ! arms be cont9ually kept load$ 9 campaign+1 b ! caps n plac$ ^u ! cones until !y are requir$ = fir+4 ,?is w cause b little delay 9 an action1 & w conduce mu* to security f accid5ts4 ,:5 load$ fire-arms h be5 expos$ = any consid]able "t to a moi/ atmosph]e1 !y %\ld be dis*>g$1 or ! c>tridges drawn1 & ! arms ?or\ghly clean$1 dri$1 & oil$4 ,too mu* att5tion c n be giv5 9 keep+ arms 9 p]fect fir+ ord]4 ,,trail+4 ,i "k ( no?+ 9 ! woodman's education ( s mu* importance1 or s difficult to acquire1 z ! art ( trail+ or track+ m5 & animals4 ,to become an adept 9 ?is art requires ! con/ant practice ( ye>s1 & ) "s m5 a lifetime does n suffice to le>n x4 ,almo/ all ! ,indians :om ,i h met ) are pr(ici5t 9 ?is species ( k1 ! faculty = acquir+ :i* appe>s to be innate ) !m4 ,exig5cies ( woodl& & prairie-life /imulate ! savage f *ildhood to develop faculties s important 9 ! arts ( w> & ( ! *ase4 ,i h se5 v few :ite m5 :o 7 good trail]s1 & practice did n seem v mat]ially to improve _! faculties 9 ?is reg>d2 !y h n ! same acute p]ceptions = ^! ?+s z ! ,indian or ! ,mexican4 ,x is n appreh5d$ t ?is difficult bran* ( woodcraft c be taught f books1 z x p]ta9s almo/ exclusively to ! s*ool ( practice1 yet ,i w give "s facts relat+ to ! habits ( ! ,indians t w facilitate its acquirem5t4 ,a p>ty ( ,indians1 = example1 />t+ out ^u a w> excursion1 leave _! families beh9d1 & nev] transport _! lodges2 :]eas1 :5 !y move ) _! families1 !y c>ry _! lodges & o!r effects4 ,if1 !re=e1 an ,indian trail is discov]$ ) ! m>ks ( ! lodge-poles ^u x1 x has c]ta9ly n be5 made by a w>-p>ty2 b if ! track d n %[ ! trace ( lodge-poles1 x w be equally c]ta9 t a w> or hunt+ p>ty has pass$ t way1 & if x is n desir$ to come 9 conflict ) !m1 _! direction may be avoid$4 ,mu/angs or wild horses1 :5 mov+ f place to place1 leave a trail :i* is sometimes difficult to di/+ui% f t made by a m\nt$ p>ty ( ,indians1 especially if ! mu/angs d n /op to graze4 ,?is may be det]m9$ by foll[+ ^u ! trail until "s dung is f\nd1 & if ?is %\ld lie 9 a s+le pile1 x is a sure indication t a h]d ( mu/angs has pass$1 z !y always /op to relieve !mselves1 :ile a p>ty ( ,indians w\ld keep _! horses 9 motion1 & ! ordure w\ld be scatt]$ along ! road4 ,if ! trail pass ?r\gh woodl&1 ! mu/angs w occasionally g "u ! limbs ( trees too l[ to admit ! passage ( a man on horseback4 ,an ,indian1 on com+ to a trail1 w g5]ally tell at a glance its age1 by :at p>ticul> tribe x 0 made1 ! numb] ( ! p>ty1 & _m o!r ?+s connect$ ) x a/\nd+ to ! un9itiat$4 ,i rememb]1 ^u "o occasion1 z ,i 0 rid+ ) a ,delaw>e ^u ! prairies1 we cross$ ! trail ( a l>ge p>ty ( ,indians travel+ ) lodges4 ,! tracks appe>$ to me q fre%1 & ,i rem>k$ to ! ,indian t we mu/ be ne> ! p>ty4 ,oh no1 said he1 ! trail 0 made two days be=e1 9 ! morn+1 at ! same "t po9t+ ) 8 f+] to :]e ! sun w\ld be at ab\t #h o'clock4 ,!n1 see+ t my curiosity 0 excit$ to "k by :at means he arriv$ at ?is conclusion1 he call$ my att5tion to ! fact t !re _h be5 no dew = ! la/ two nights1 b t on ! previ\s morn+ x _h be5 heavy4 ,he !n po9t$ out to me "s spe>s ( grass t _h be5 press$ d[n into ! e>? by ! horses' ho(s1 ^u :i* ! s& /ill adh]$1 hav+ dri$ on1 ?us cle>ly %[+ t ! grass 0 wet :5 ! tracks 7 made4 ,at ano!r "t1 z ,i 0 travel+ ) ! same ,indian1 ,i discov]$ ^u ! gr\nd :at ,i took to be a be>-track1 ) a di/9ctly-m>k$ impression ( ! heel & all ! toes4 ,i imm$iately call$ ! ,indian's att5tion to x1 at ! same "t flatt]+ myself t ,i _h made q an important discov]y1 :i* _h escap$ 8 obs]vation4 ,! fell[ rem>k$ ) a smile1 ,oh no1 capta91 may be s he n be>-track4 ,he !n po9t$ ) 8 gun-rod to "s spe>s ( grass t grew ne> ! impression1 b ,i did n compreh5d ! my/]y until he dism\nt$ & expla9$ to me t1 :5 ! w9d 0 bl[+1 ! spe>s ( grass w\ld be b5t ov] t[>d ! gr\nd1 & ! oscillat+ motion !reby produc$ w\ld scoop out ! loose s& into ! %ape ,i h describ$4 ,! tru? ( ?is explanation 0 app>5t1 yet x occurr$ to me t its solution w\ld h baffl$ ! wits ( mo/ :ite m54 ,fre% tracks g5]ally %[ moi/ure :]e ! e>? has be5 turn$ up1 b aft] a %ort exposure to ! sun !y become dry4 ,if ! tracks be v rec5t1 ! s& may sometimes1 :]e x is v loose & dry1 be se5 runn+ back into ! tracks1 & by foll[+ !m to a place :]e !y cross wat]1 ! e>? w be wet = "s di/ance aft] !y leave x4 ,! dropp+s ( ! dung f animals are also good indications ( ! age ( a trail4 ,x is well to rememb] :e!r !re h be5 any ra9s )9 a few days1 z ! age ( a trail may sometimes be conjectur$ 9 ?is way4 ,x is v easy to tell :e!r tracks h be5 made be=e or aft] a ra91 z ! wat] wa%es (f all ! %>p edges4 ,x is n a difficult matt] to di/+ui% ! tracks ( ,am]ican horses f ^? ( ,indian horses1 z ! latt] are nev] %od2 moreov]1 !y are mu* small]4 ,9 trail+ horses1 !re w be no tr\ble :ile ! gr\nd is s(t1 z ! impressions !y leave w !n be deep & di/9ct2 b :5 !y pass ov] h>d or rocky gr\nd1 x is sometimes a v sl[ & tr\blesome process to foll[ !m4 ,:]e !re is grass1 ! trace c be se5 = a consid]able "t1 z ! grass w be trodd5 d[n & b5t 9 ! direction ! p>ty has mov$2 %\ld ! grass h return$ to its upright position1 ! trail c (t5 be di/+ui%$ by /&+ ^u x & look+ ahead = "s di/ance 9 ! direction x has be5 pursu+2 ! grass t has be5 turn$ ov] w %[ a diff]5t %ade ( gre5 f t ar\nd x1 & ?is (t5 m>ks a trail = a long "t4 ,%\ld all traces ( ! track be oblit]at$ 9 c]ta9 localities1 x is cu/om>y ) ! ,indians to foll[ on 9 ! direction x has be5 pursu+ = a "t1 & x is q probable t 9 "s place :]e ! gr\nd is m favorable x w %[ itself aga94 ,%\ld ! trail n be recov]$ 9 ?is way1 !y se>* = a place :]e ! e>? is s(t1 & make a c>eful exam9ation1 embrac+ ! entire area :]e x is likely to run4 ,indians :o f9d !mselves pursu$ & wi% to escape1 scatt] z mu* z possible1 ) an und]/&+ t !y are to meet aga9 at "s po9t 9 advance1 s t1 if ! pursu+ p>ty foll[s any "o ( ! tracks1 x w inv>iably lead to ! place ( r5dezv\s4 ,if1 = example1 ! trail po9ts 9 ! direction ( a m\nta9 pass1 or t[>d any o!r place :i* af=ds ! only passage ?r\gh a p>ticul> section ( c\ntry1 x w\ld n be wor? :ile to sp5d mu* "t 9 hunt+ x1 z x w\ld probably be rega9$ at ! pass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horse-,,tracks ,,at ,,ord9>y ,,spe$4 ,z x is important 9 trail+ ,indians to "k at :at gaits !y are travel+1 & z ! appe>ance ( ! tracks ( horses are n famili> to all1 ,i h 9 ! foll[+ cut repres5t$ ! pr9ts made by ! ho(s at ! ord9>y spe$ ( ! walk1 trot1 & gallop1 s t p]sons1 9 foll[+ ! trail ( ,indians1 may =m an idea z to ! probability ( ov]tak+ !m1 & regulate _! movem5ts accord+ly4 ,9 trav]s+ a di/rict ( unkn[n c\ntry :]e !re are no prom95t l&m>ks1 & ) ! view ( return+ to ! po9t ( dep>ture1 a pocket compass %\ld always be c>ri$1 & atta*$ by a /r+ to a button-hole ( ! coat1 to prev5t its be+ lo/ or mislaid2 & on />t+ out1 z well z frequ5tly dur+ ! trip1 to take ! be>+1 & exam9e ! appe>ance ( ! c\ntry :5 fac+ t[>d ! />t+-po9t1 z a l&scape pres5ts a v diff]5t aspect :5 view+ x f opposite directions4 ,!re are few :ite m5 :o c retrace _! /eps = any great di/ance unless !y take ! above precautions 9 pass+ ov] an unkn[n c\ntry = ! fir/ "t2 b ) ! ,indians x is diff]5t2 ! s5se ( locality seems to be innate ) !m1 & !y d n require ! aid ( ! magnetic ne$le to guide !m4 ,^u a c]ta9 occasion1 :5 ,i _h made a long m>* ov] an unexplor$ section1 & 0 return+ ^u an entirely diff]5t r\te )\t ei!r road or trail1 a ,delaw>e1 by ! "n ( ,black ,beav]1 :o 0 9 my p>ty1 on arriv+ at a p>ticul> po9t1 sudd5ly halt$1 &1 turn+ to me1 ask$ if ,i recogniz$ ! c\ntry be=e u4 ,see+ no famili> objects1 ,i repli$ 9 ! negative4 ,he put ! same "q to ! o!r :ite m5 ( ! p>ty1 all ( :om gave ! same answ]s1 :]eupon he smil$1 & 9 8 qua9t v]nacul> said1 ,injun he don't "k no?+4 ,injun big fool4 ,:ite man mighty sm>t2 he "k heap4 ,at ! same "t he po9t$ to a tree ab\t two hundr$ y>ds f :]e we 7 !n /&+1 & in=m$ u t our outw>d trail ran directly by ! side ( x1 :i* prov$ to be true4 ,ano!r "t1 z ,i 0 return+ f ! ,coman*e c\ntry ov] a r\te _m miles di/ant f ! "o ,i _h travel$ 9 go+ out1 "o ( my ,delaw>e hunt]s1 :o _h nev] visit$ ! section be=e1 on arriv+ ^u ! cre/ ( an em95ce 9 ! prairie1 po9t$ out to me a clump ( trees 9 ! di/ance1 rem>k+ t our outw>d track w\ld be f\nd !re4 ,i 0 n1 h[ev]1 dispos$ to cr$it 8 /atem5t until we rea*$ ! locality & f\nd ! road pass+ ! id5tical spot he _h indicat$4 ,?is same ,indian w\ld />t f any place to :i* he _h gone by a s9u\s r\te1 ?r\gh an unkn[n c\ntry1 & keep a direct be>+ back to ! place ( dep>ture2 & he assur$ me t he has nev]1 ev5 dur+ ! mo/ cl\dy or foggy wea!r1 or 9 ! d>ke/ nights1 lo/ ! po9ts ( compass4 ,!re are v few :ite m5 :o are end[$ ) ^! wond]ful faculties1 & ^? few are only r5d]$ pr(ici5t by matur$ exp]i5ce4 ,i h kn[n sev]al m51 aft] !y _h become lo/ 9 ! prairies1 to w&] ab\t = days )\t ex]cis+ ! lea/ judgm5t1 & f9ally exhibit+ a /ate ( m5tal ab]ration almo/ ^u ! v]ge ( lunacy4 ,in/ead ( reason+ ^u _! situation1 !y exhau/ !mselves runn+ a-head at _! utmo/ spe$ )\t any reg>d to direction4 ,:5 a p]son is satisfi$ t he has lo/ 8 way1 he %\ld /op & reflect ^u ! c\rse he has be5 travel+1 ! "t t has elaps$ s9ce he left 8 camp1 & ! probable di/ance t he is f x2 & if he is unable to retrace 8 /eps1 he %\ld keep z ne>ly 9 ! direction ( !m z possible2 & if he has a compass1 ?is w be an easy matt]2 b1 above all1 he %\ld gu>d aga9/ foll[+ 8 own track ar\nd 9 a circle ) ! idea t he is 9 a beat5 trace4 ,:5 he is travel+ ) a tra9 ( wagons :i* leaves a pla9 trail1 he c make ! di/ance he has travel$ f camp ! radius ( a circle 9 :i* to ride ar\nd1 & be=e ! circle is describ$ he w /rike ! trail4 ,if ! p]son has no compass1 x is always well to make an obs]vation1 & to rememb] ! direction ( ! w9d at ! "t ( dep>ture f camp2 & z ?is w\ld n g5]ally *ange dur+ ! day1 x w\ld af=d a means ( keep+ ! po9ts ( ! compass4 ,9 ! night ,ursa ,major 7! ,great ,be>7 is n only useful to f9d ! nor? />1 b its position1 :5 ! po9t]s w be v]tical 9 ! heav5s1 may be e/imat$ ) suffici5t accuracy to det]m9e ! nor? ev5 :5 ! nor? /> c n be se54 ,9 tropical latitudes1 ! zodiacal />s1 su* z ,orion & ,ant>es1 give ! ea/ & we/ be>+1 & ! ,s\!rn ,cross ! nor? & s\? :5 ,pol>is & ! ,great ,be> c n be se54 ,x is said t ! moss ^u ! firs & o!r trees 9 ,europe gives a c]ta9 indication ( ! po9ts ( compass 9 a =e/ c\ntry1 ! greate/ am\nt accumulat+ ^u ! nor? side ( ! trees4 ,b ,i h (t5 obs]v$ ! trees 9 our own =e/s1 & h n be5 able to =m any positive conclusions 9 ?is way4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,guides & ,hunt]s4 ,delaw>es & ,%awnees4 ,khebirs4 ,black ,beav]4 ,anecdotes4 ,dome/ic ,tr\bles4 ,lodges4 ,simil>ity ( ,prairie ,tribes to ! ,arabs4 ,me?od ( mak+ ,w>4 ,track+ & pursu+ ,indians4 ,me?od ( attack+ !m4 ,telegraph+ by ,smokes4 ,,delaw>es ,,& ,,%awnees4 ,x is highly important t p>ties mak+ exp$itions ?r\gh an unexplor$ c\ntry %\ld secure ! s]vices ( ! be/ guides & hunt]s1 & ,i "k ( none :o are sup]ior to ! ,delaw>es & ,%awnee ,indians4 ,!y h be5 ) me ^u sev]al diff]5t occasions1 & ,i h inv>iably f\nd !m intellig5t1 brave1 reliable1 & 9 e respect well qualifi$ to fill _! positions4 ,!y are end[$ ) ^? ke5 & wond]ful p[]s 9 woodcraft :i* c only be acquir$ by in/9ct1 practice1 & necessity1 & :i* are possess$ by no o!r p t ,i h he>d (1 unless x be ! khebirs or guides :o escort ! c>avans across ! great des]t ( ,sah>a4 ,g5]al ,e4 ,dumas1 9 8 treatise ^u ! ,great ,des]t1 publi%$ 9 ,p>is1 #ahef1 9 speak+ ( ^! guides1 says3 ,! khebir is always a man ( intellig5ce1 ( tri$ probity1 brav]y1 & skill4 ,he kn[s h[ to det]m9e 8 position f ! appe>ance ( ! />s2 by ! exp]i5ce ( o!r j\rneys he has le>n$ all ab\t ! roads1 wells1 & pa/ures2 ! dang]s ( c]ta9 passes1 & ! means ( avoid+ !m2 all ! *iefs ^: t]ritories x is necess>y to pass ?r\gh2 ! salubrity ( ! diff]5t localities2 ! rem$ies aga9/ diseases2 ! treatm5t ( fractures1 & ! antidotes to ! v5om ( snakes & scorpions4 ,9 ^! va/ solitudes1 :]e no?+ seems to indicate ! r\te1 :]e ! w9d cov]s up all traces ( ! track ) s&1 ! khebir has a ?\s& ways ( direct+ himself 9 ! "r c\rse4 ,9 ! night1 :5 !re are no />s 9 sight1 by ! simple inspection ( a h&ful ( grass1 :i* he exam9es ) 8 f+]s1 :i* he smells & ta/es1 he in=ms himself ( 8 locale )\t ev] be+ lo/ or w&]+4 ,i saw ) a/oni%m5t t our conductor1 al?\gh he _h b "o eye1 & t defective1 recogniz$ p]fectly ! r\te2 & ,leon1 ! ,african1 /ates t ! conductor ( 8 c>avan became bl9d ^u ! j\rney f oph?almia1 yet by feel+ ! grass & s& he c\ld tell :5 we 7 approa*+ an inhabit$ place4 ,our guide _h all ! qualities :i* make a good khebir4 ,he 0 "y1 l>ge1 & /rong2 he 0 a ma/] ( arms2 8 eye comm&$ respect1 & 8 spee* won ! he>t4 ,b if 9 ! t5t he 0 affable & w9n+1 once en r\te he spoke only :5 x 0 necess>y1 & nev] smil$4 ,! ,delaw>es are b a m9ute remnant ( ! great ,algonqu9 family1 ^: e>ly traditions decl>e !m to be ! p>5t /ock f :i* ! o!r num]\s bran*es ( ! ,algonqu9 tribes orig9at$4 ,& !y are ! same p :om ! fir/ :ite settl]s f\nd s num]\s ^u ! banks ( ! ,delaw>e4 ,:5 ,william ,p5n held 8 c\ncil ) ! ,delaw>es ^u ! gr\nd :]e ! city ( ,philadelphia n[ /&s1 !y 7 z peaceful & unw>like 9 _! habits z ! ,quak]s !mselves4 ,!y _h be5 subjugat$ by ! ,five ,nations1 =c$ to take ! appellation ( squaws1 & =ego ! use ( arms2 b aft] !y mov$ we/1 beyond ! influ5ce ( _! =m] ma/]s1 _! naturally indep5d5t _s reviv$1 !y soon rega9$ _! l(ty position z braves & w>riors1 & ! male squaws ( ! ,iroquois soon became =midable m5 & h]oes1 & s h cont9u$ to ! pres5t day4 ,_! w>-pa? has rea*$ ! %ores ( ! ,pacific ,ocean on ! we/1 ,hudson's ,bay on ! nor?1 & into ! v he>t ( ,mexico on ! s\?4 ,!y are n clanni% 9 _! dispositions l mo/ o!r ,indians1 nor by _! habits conf9$ to any giv5 locality1 b are f\nd z trad]s1 trapp]s1 or hunt]s among mo/ ( ! ,indian tribes inhabit+ our cont95t4 ,i ev5 saw !m liv+ ) ! ,mormons 9 ,utah4 ,!y are among ! ,indians z ! ,jews among ! :ites1 ess5tially w&]]s4 ,! ,%awnees h be5 associat$ ) ! ,delaw>es #ahe ye>s4 ,!y int]m>ry & live z "o p4 ,_! pres5t places ( abode are ^u ! ,miss\ri ,riv]1 ne> ,=t ,leav5wor?1 & 9 ! ,*octaw ,t]ritory1 ^u ! ,canadian ,riv]1 ne> ,=t ,arbuckle4 ,!y are famili> ) _m ( ! habits & cu/oms ( _! pale-fac$ neighbors1 & "s ( !m speak ! ,engli% language1 yet _m ( _! native *>act]i/ics t5aci\sly cl+ to !m4 ,^u "o occasion ,i endeavor$ to tea* a ,delaw>e ! use ( ! compass4 ,he seem$ mu* int]e/$ 9 its me*anism1 & v att5tively obs]v$ ! oscillations ( ! ne$le4 ,he w\ld move away a %ort di/ance1 !n return1 keep+ 8 eyes cont9ually fix$ ^u ! ne$le & ! uni=m position into :i* x settl$4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 seem to compreh5d x 9 ! lea/1 b reg>d$ ! entire proce$+ z a species ( necromantic p]=mance got up = 8 especial b5efit1 & ,i 0 ab\t putt+ away ! in/rum5t :5 he motion$ me to /op1 & came walk+ t[>d x ) a v s]i\s b incr$ul\s c\nt5ance1 rem>k+1 z he po9t$ 8 f+] t[>d x1 ,maybe s he tell lie sometime4 ,! ignorance ev9c$ by ?is ,indian reg>d+ ! uses ( ! compass is less rem>kable ?an t ( "s :ite m5 :o are occasionally met ^u ! fronti]4 ,:ile survey+ ,indian l&s 9 ! wilds ( ,we/]n ,texas dur+ ! summ] ( #ahed1 ,i enc\nt]$ a deputy surveyor travel+ on foot1 ) 8 compass & *a9 ^u 8 back4 ,i salut$ him v politely1 rem>k+ t ,i presum$ he 0 a surveyor1 to :i* he repli$1 ,i reckon1 /rang]1 ,i ar t ?> individoal4 ,i _h tak5 ! magnetic v>iation sev]al times1 always ) ne>ly ! same results 7ab\t #aj deg4 #bj'72 b1 9 ord] to v]ify my obs]vations1 ,i 0 curi\s to le>n h[ !y accord$ ) 8 own work+1 & accord+ly inquir$ ( him :at he made ! v>iation ( ! compass 9 t p>ticul> locality4 ,he seem$ /ruck ) a/oni%m5t1 took 8 compass f 8 back & laid x ^u a log ne> by1 !n fac+ me1 & po9t+ ) 8 h& t[>d x1 said1 ,/raang]1 d y] see t ?> in/ru-m5t8 to :i* ,i repli$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,he cont9u$1 ,i've own$ h] well-nigh go9 on tw5ty ye>4 ,i've put h] ?r\gh ! p]>ries & ?r\gh ! timb]1 & n[ look ye]1 /raang]1 y c j bet y\r life on't %e nev] v>-ri$ arry "t1 & if y'll j foll[ h] sign y'll knock ! c5tre out] ! nor? />4 ,%e nev] lies1 %e don't4 ,he seem$ to consid] my int]rogatory z a direct ins9uation t 8 compass 0 an imp]fect "o1 & h5ce 8 indignation4 ,?9k+ t ,i %\ld n get any v important intellig5ce conc]n+ ! v>iation ( ! ne$le f ?is surveyor1 ,i begg$ 8 p>don = que/ion+ ! accuracy ( 8 in/ru-m5t1 bid him good-morn+1 & cont9u$ on my j\rney4 ,,black ,,beav]4 ,9 #ahdi ,i met ) a v int]e/+ specim5 ( ! ,delaw>e tribe ^: "n 0 ,black ,beav]4 ,he _h = t5 ye>s be5 9 ! employ ( ! ,am]ican ,fur ,company1 & dur+ ?is "t _h visit$ ne>ly e po9t ( int]e/ )9 ! limits ( our unsettl$ t]ritory4 ,he _h set 8 traps & spread 8 blanket ^u ! head wat]s ( ! ,miss\ri & ,columbia2 & 8 w&]+s _h l$ him s\? to ! ,colorado & ,gila1 & !nce to ! %ores ( ! ,pacific 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,8 life _h be5 t ( a v]itable cosmopolite1 fill$ ) sc5es ( int5se & />tl+ int]e/1 bold & reckless adv5ture4 ,he 0 ) me two seasons 9 ! capacity ( guide1 & ,i always f\nd him p]fectly reliable1 brave1 & compet5t4 ,8 reputation z a resolute1 det]m9$1 & fe>less w>rior did n admit ( "q1 yet ,i h nev] se5 a man :o wore 8 laurels ) less vanity4 ,:5 ,i fir/ made 8 acqua9tance ,i 0 puzzl$ to "k :at to ?9k ( him4 ,he w\ld (t51 9 speak+ ( ! ,prairie ,indians1 say to me1 ,capta91 if y h a fight1 y mu/n't c\nt mu* on me1 = ,i'ze a big c[>d4 ,:5 ! fight beg9s ,i 'spect y'll see me run "u ! cannon2 ,injun mighty 'fraid ( big gun4 ,i express$ my surprise t he %\ld1 if :at he told me 0 true1 h ga9$ su* a reputation z a w>rior2 :]eupon he in=m$ me t _m ye>s previ\s1 :5 he 0 a "y man1 & be=e he _h ev] be5 9 battle1 he1 ) ab\t tw5ty :ite m5 & f\r ,delaw>es1 7 at "o ( ! ,fur ,company's trad+-po/s ^u ! ,upp] ,miss\ri1 engag$ 9 trapp+ beav]4 ,:ile !re1 ! /ockade =t 0 attack$ by a num]\s b& ( ,blackfeet ,indians1 :o f\ght bravely1 & seem$ det]m9$ to annihilate ! little b& t def5d$ x4 ,aft] ! inve/m5t _h be5 complet$1 & !re appe>$ no probability ( ! attack+ p>ty's ab&on+ _! purpose1 ,"o d----d fool ,delaw>e 7z ,black ,beav] express$ x7 propos$ to 8 c\ntrym5 to make a sortie1 & !reby endeavor to effect an impression ^u ! ,blackfeet4 ,?is1 ,beav] said1 0 ! la/ ?+ he w\ld ev] h ?\ght ( sugge/+1 & x />tl$ him prodigi\sly1 caus+ him to tremble s mu* t x 0 ) difficulty he c\ld /&4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 />t$ f home ) ! fix$ purpose ( becom+ a di/+ui%$ brave1 & made a great ef=t to /ifle 8 emotion4 ,he assum$ an air ( det]m9ation1 say+ t 0 ! v idea he 0 j ab\t to propose2 &1 slapp+ 8 comrades ^u ! back1 />t$ t[>d ! gate1 tell+ !m to foll[4 ,z soon z ! gate 0 pass$1 he says1 he took p>ticul> c>e to keep 9 ! re> ( ! o!rs1 s t1 9 ! ev5t ( a retreat1 he w\ld be able to rea* ! /ockade fir/4 ,!y _h n proce$$ f> be=e a p]fect %[] ( arr[s came fall+ ar\nd !m on all sides1 b1 =tunately1 )\t do+ !m h>m4 ,n fancy+ ?is hot reception1 ^? 9 front propos$ an imm$iate retreat1 to :i* he mo/ gladly acc$$1 & at once set (f at 8 utmo/ spe$1 expect+ to rea* ! =t fir/4 ,b he soon discov]$ t 8 comrades 7 m fleet1 & 7 rapidly pass+ & leav+ him beh9d4 ,sudd5ly he /opp$ & call$ out to !m1 ,come back "h1 y c[>ds1 y squaws2 :at = y run away & leave brave man to fight alone8 ,?is taunt+ appeal to _! c\rage turn$ !m back1 &1 ) _! unit$ ef=ts1 !y succe$$ 9 beat+ (f ! enemy imm$iately ar\nd !m1 secur+ _! entrance into ! =t4 ,beav] says :5 ! gate 0 clos$ ! capta9 9 *>ge ( ! e/abli%m5t grasp$ him w>mly by ! h&1 say+1 ,black ,beav]1 y are a brave man2 y h done ?is day :at no o!r man 9 ! =t w\ld h ! c\rage to d1 & ,i ?ank y f ! bottom ( my he>t4 ,9 relat+ ! circum/ance to me he laugh$ mo/ he>tily1 ?9k+ x a v good joke1 & said aft] t he 0 reg>d$ z a brave w>rior4 ,! tru? is1 my fri5d ,beav] 0 "o ( ^? few h]oes :o nev] s\nd$ 8 own trumpet2 yet no "o t kn[s him ev] presum$ to "q 8 c\rage4 ,at ano!r "t1 :ile ,black ,beav] rema9$ ^u ! head wat]s ( ! ,miss\ri1 he 0 left 9 *>ge ( a ca*e consi/+ ( a quantity ( goods buri$ to prev5t _! be+ /ol5 by ! ,indians4 ,dur+ ! "t he 0 engag$ ^u ?is duty he amus$ himself by hunt+ 9 ! vic9ity1 only visit+ 8 *>ge once a day4 ,z he 0 mak+ "o ( ^! p]iodical visits1 & _h arriv$ ^u ! summit ( a hill ov]look+ ! locality1 he sudd5ly discov]$ a l>ge numb] ( ho/ile ,blackfeet occupy+ x1 & he suppos$ !y _h appropriat$ all ! goods4 ,z soon z !y espi$ him1 !y beckon$ = him to come d[n & h a fri5dly *at ) !m4 ,kn[+ t _! purpose 0 to beguile him into _! p[]1 he repli$ t he did n feel 9 a talk+ humor j at t "t1 & />t$ (f 9 ano!r direction1 :]eupon !y halloo$ aft] him1 mak+ use ( ! mo/ insult+ language & ge/ures1 & ask+ him if he consid]$ himself a man ?us to run away f 8 fri5ds1 & intimat+ t1 9 _! op9ion1 he 0 an old woman1 :o _h bett] g home & take c>e ( ! *ildr54 ,beav] says ?is r\s$ 8 indignation to su* a pit* t he /opp$1 turn$ ar\nd1 & repli$1 ,maybe s2 s'pose ?ree or f\r ( y ,injuns come up "h alone1 ,i'll %[ y if ,i'ze old womans4 ,!y did n1 h[ev]1 accept ! *all5ge1 & ,beav] rode (f4 ,al?\gh ! ,delaw>es g5]ally seem q happy 9 _! social relations1 yet !y are n altoge!r exempt f "s ( ^? m9or discords :i* occasionally creep 9 & m> ! dome/ic h>mony ( _! m civiliz$ pale-fac$ bre?r54 ,i rememb]1 ^u "o occasion1 ,i _h biv\ack$ = ! night ) ,black ,beav]1 & he _h be5 endeavor+ to :ile away ! long h\rs ( ! ev5+ by relat+ to me "s ( ! mo/ ?rill+ incid5ts ( 8 highly-adv5tur\s & erratic life1 :5 at l5g? a hiatus 9 ! conv]sation gave me an opportunity ( ask+ him if he 0 a m>ri$ man4 ,he hesitat$ = "s "t2 !n look+ up & giv+ 8 =ef+] a twirl1 to imitate ! ?r[+ ( a lasso1 repli$1 ,"o "t me cat* 'um wife4 ,i pay t woman1 8 modd]1 "o hoss--"o saddle--"o bridle--two plug tobacco1 & pl5ty goods4 ,i take him home to my h\se--got pl5ty meat--pl5ty corn--pl5ty e ?+4 ,"o "t me g take walk1 maybe s ?ree1 maybe s two h\rs4 ,:5 ,i come home1 t woman he say1 ',black ,beav]1 :at = y g way long "t8' ,i say1 ',i n g n[h]e2 ,i j take "o littel walk4' ,!n t woman he get heap mad1 & say1 ',no1 ,black ,beav]1 y n take no littel walk4 ,i "k :at = y g way2 y g see nodd] "o woman4' ,i say1 ',maybe n4' ,!n t woman %e cry long "t1 & all e'"t n[ %e mad4 ,y nev] se5 ',m]ican woman t a-way8 ,i sympa?iz$ mo/ deeply ) my fri5d 9 8 di/ress1 & told him = 8 consolation t1 9 my op9ion1 ! wom5 ( 8 nation 7 n peculi> 9 ?is respect2 t !y 7 pretty mu* alike all ov] ! _w1 & ,i 0 "u ! impression t !re 7 well-au!nticat$ in/ances ev5 among :ite wom5 :]e !y _h subject$ !mselves to ! same causes ( compla9t s feel+ly depict$ by him4 ,:]eupon he v e>ne/ly ask$1 ,:at y d = cure him8 ,:ip him8 ,i repli$1 ,no2 t1 s f> z my obs]vation ext5d$1 ,i 0 "u ! impression t ?is 0 g5]ally reg>d$ by ^? :o _h suff]$ f its effects z "o ( ^? *ronic & vexati\s compla9ts :i* w\ld n be b5efit$ by ! treatm5t he sugge/$1 ev5 :5 adm9i/]$ 9 homoeopa?ic doses1 & ,i believ$ x 0 n[ admitt$ by all s5sible m5 t x 0 bett] 9 all su* cases to let nature take its c\rse1 tru/+ to a m]ciful ,provid5ce4 ,at ?is reply 8 c\nt5ance assum$ a deject$ expression1 b at l5g? he bright5$ up aga9 & triumphantly rem>k$1 ,i tell y1 my fri5d1 :at ,i d2 ,i ket* 'um nodd] "o wife :5 ,i g home4 ,black ,beav] _h visit$ ,/4 ,l\is & ! small t[ns ^u ! ,miss\ri fronti]1 & he prid$ himself n a little ^u 8 acqua9tance ) ! cu/oms ( ! :ites1 & nev] seem$ m happy ?an :5 an opportunity (f]$ to display ?is k 9 pres5ce ( 8 ,indian companions4 ,x s happ5$1 ^u "o occasion1 t ,i _h a ,coman*e guide :o biv\ack$ at ! same fire ) ,beav]4 ,on visit+ !m "o ev5+ accord+ to my usual practice1 ,i f\nd !m engag$ 9 a v e>ne/ & app>5tly n v amicable conv]sation4 ,on inquir+ ! cause ( ?is1 ,beav] answ]$1 ,i've be5 tell+ ?is ,coman*e :at ,i se5 'mong ! :ite folks4 ,i said1 ,well1 ,beav]1 :at did y tell him8 ,i tell him 'b\t ! /eam-boats1 & ! railroads1 & ! heap o' h\ses ,i se5 9 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,well1 sir1 :at does he ?9k ( t8 ,he say ,i'ze d----d fool4 ,:at else did y tell him ab\t8 ,i tell him ! _w is r\nd1 b he keep all e'"t say1 ,hu%1 y fool6 d y spose ,i'ze *ild8 ,hav5't ,i got eyes8 ,c't ,i see ! prairie8 ,y call him r\nd8 ,he say1 too1 maybe s ,i tell y some?+ y n "k be=e4 ,"o "t my gr&fa!r he make long j\rney t way 7po9t+ to ! we/74 ,:5 he get on big m\nta91 he se5 heap wat] on t'o!r side1 je/ s flat he c be1 & he se5 ! sun g "r /raight d[n on t'o!r side4 ,i !n tell him all ^! riv]s he se51 all e'"t ! wat] he run2 s'pose ! _w flat ! wat] he /& /ill4 ,maybe s he n b'lieve me8 ,i told him x c]ta9ly look$ v mu* l x4 ,i !n ask$ him to expla9 to ! ,coman*e ! magnetic telegraph4 ,he look$ at me e>ne/ly1 & said1 ,:at y call t magnetic telegraph8 ,i said1 y h he>d ( ,new ,york & ,new ,orleans8 ,oh yes1 he repli$4 ,v well2 we h a wire connect+ ^! two cities1 :i* are ab\t a ?\s& miles ap>t1 & x w\ld take a man ?irty days to ride x ^u a good horse4 ,n[ a man /&s at "o end ( ?is wire 9 ,new ,york1 & by t\*+ x a few times he inquires ( 8 fri5d 9 ,new ,orleans :at he _h = breakfa/4 ,8 fri5d 9 ,new ,orleans t\*es ! o!r end ( ! wire1 & 9 t5 m9utes ! answ] comes back--ham & eggs4 ,tell him t1 ,beav]4 ,8 c\nt5ance assum$ a mo/ comical expression1 b he made no rem>k until ,i aga9 reque/$ him to repeat :at ,i _h said to ! ,coman*e1 :5 he obs]v$1 ,no1 capta91 ,i n tell him t1 = ,i don't b'lieve t myself4 ,^u my assur+ him t su* 0 ! fact1 & t ,i _h se5 x myself1 he said1 ,injun n v sm>t2 sometimes he's big fool1 b he holl] pretty l\d2 y he> him maybe half a mile2 y say ',m]ican man he talk ?\s& miles4 ,i 'spect y try to fool me n[1 capta92 maybe s y lie4 ,! ,indians liv+ betwe5 ! out] :ite settlem5ts & ! nomadic tribes ( ! ,pla9s =m int]m$iate social l9ks 9 ! *a9 ( civilization4 ,! fir/ ( ^! occupy p]man5t habitations1 b ! o!rs1 al?\gh !y cultivate ! soil1 are only resid5t :ile _! crops are gr[+1 go+ out into ! prairies aft] h>ve/ to sp5d ! w9t] 9 hunt+4 ,among ! =m] may be m5tion$ ! ,*]okees1 ,creeks1 ,*octaws1 & ,*ickasaws1 & ( ! latt] are ! ,delaw>es1 ,%awnees1 ,kickapoos1 etc41 :o are p]fectly famili> ) ! use ( ! rifle1 &1 9 my judgm5t1 w\ld make z =midable p>tisan w>riors z c be f\nd 9 ! univ]se4 ,,! ,,wild ,,tribes ,,( ,,! ,,we/4 ,^! are v diff]5t 9 _! habits f ! natives t =m]ly occupi$ ! c\ntry bord]+ ^u ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,! latt] liv$ p]man5tly 9 villages1 :]e !y cultivat$ ! soil1 & nev] w&]$ v f> f !m4 ,!y did n use horses1 b always made _! w> exp$itions on foot1 & nev] came into action unless !y c\ld scre5 !mselves beh9d ! cov] ( trees4 ,!y inflict$ ! mo/ inhuman tortures ^u _! prison]s1 b did n1 t ,i am aw>e1 violate ! *a/ity ( wom54 ,! prairie tribes h no p]man5t abid+ places2 !y nev] plant a se$1 b roam = hundr$s ( miles 9 e direction ov] ! ,pla9s4 ,!y are p]fect horsem51 & seldom g to w> on foot4 ,_! attacks are made 9 ! op5 prairies1 & :5 unhors$ !y are p[]less4 ,!y d n1 l ! ea/]n ,indians1 inflict ^u _! prison]s prolong$ tortures1 b inv>iably subject all females t h ! mis=tune to fall into _! m]ciless clut*es to an ordeal worse ?an dea?4 ,x is highly important to e man pass+ ?r\gh a c\ntry frequ5t$ by ,indians to "k "s ( _! habits1 cu/oms1 & prop5sities1 z ?is w facilitate 8 int]c\rse ) fri5dly tribes1 & enable him1 :5 he wi%es to avoid a conflict1 to take precautions aga9/ com+ 9 collision ) ^? :o are ho/ile4 ,almo/ e tribe has its own way ( con/ruct+ its lodges1 encamp+1 mak+ fires1 its own /yle ( dress1 by "s ( :i* peculi>ities ! exp]i5c$ fronti]sman c g5]ally di/+ui% !m4 ,! ,osages1 = example1 make _! lodges 9 ! %ape ( a wagon-top1 ( b5t rods or will[s cov]$ ) sk9s1 blankets1 or ! b>k ( trees4 ,! ,kickapoo lodges are made 9 an oval =m1 some?+ l a r\nd$ hay-/ack1 ( poles set 9 ! gr\nd1 b5t ov]1 & unit$ at top2 ?is is cov]$ ) clo?s or b>k4 ,! ,wit*etaws1 ,wacos1 ,t[ackanies1 & ,tonk[as erect _! hunt+ lodges ( /icks put up 9 ! =m ( ! fru/um ( a cone & cov]$ ) bru%4 ,all ^! tribes leave ! frame-"w ( _! lodges /&+ :5 !y move f camp to camp1 & ?is1 ( c\rse1 indicates ! p>ticul> tribe t erect$ !m4 ,! ,delaw>es & ,%awnees plant two upright =k$ poles1 place a /ick across !m1 & /ret* a canvas cov]+ ov] x1 9 ! same mann] z ) ! t5te d'abri4 ,! ,si\x1 ,arapahoes1 ,*ey5nes1 ,utes1 ,snakes1 ,blackfeet1 & ,ki[ays make use ( ! ,coman*e lodge1 cov]$ ) dress$ buffalo hides4 ,all ! ,prairie ,indians ,i h met ) are ! mo/ invet]ate begg>s4 ,!y w flock ar\nd /rang]s1 &1 9 ! mo/ importunate mann]1 ask = e ?+ !y see1 especially tobacco & sug>2 &1 if all[$1 !y w h&le1 exam9e1 & occasionally pilf] su* ?+s z happ5 to take _! fancy4 ,! prop] way to treat !m is to give !m at once su* articles z are to be dispos$ (1 & !n1 9 a firm & decid$ mann]1 let !m und]/& t !y are to receive no?+ else4 ,a p>ty ( ,kee*is once visit$ my camp ) _! pr9cipal *ief1 :o said he _h "s important bus9ess to discuss1 & dem&$ a c\ncil ) ! capitan4 ,aft] cons5t _h be5 giv51 he assembl$ 8 pr9cipal m51 &1 go+ ?r\gh ! usual prelim9>y ( tak+ a big smoke1 he arose1 & ) a great deal ( c]emony comm5c$ 8 pomp\s & fl[]y spee*1 :i*1 l all o!rs ( a simil> "*1 am\nt$ to no?+1 until he t\*$ ^u ! real object ( 8 visit4 ,he said he _h travel$ a long di/ance ov] ! prairies to see & h a talk ) 8 :ite bro!rs2 t 8 p 7 v hungry & nak$4 ,he !n approa*$ me ) six small /icks1 &1 aft] %ak+ h&s1 laid "o ( ! /icks 9 my h&1 :i* he said repres5t$ sug>1 ano!r signifi$ tobacco1 & ! o!r f\r1 pork1 fl\r1 :isky1 & blankets1 all ( :i* he assur$ me 8 p 7 9 great ne$ (1 & mu/ h4 ,8 talk 0 !n conclud$1 & he sat d[n1 app>5tly mu* gratifi$ ) ! graceful & impressive mann] ) :i* he _h execut$ 8 "p ( ! p]=mance4 ,x !n devolv$ ^u me to respond to ! brilliant ef=t ( ! prairie orator1 :i* ,i did 9 some?+ l ! foll[+ mann]4 ,aft] imitat+ 8 /yle = a %ort "t1 ,i clos$ my rem>ks by tell+ him t we 7 poor infantry soldi]s1 :o 7 always oblig$ to g on foot2 t we _h become v tir$ ( walk+1 & w\ld l v mu* to ride4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i _h obs]v$ t !y _h among !m _m f9e horses & mules4 ,i !n took two small /icks1 & imitat+ z ne>ly z possible ! mann] ( ! *ief1 plac$ "o 9 8 h&1 :i* ,i told him 0 no?+ m or less ?an a fir/-rate horse1 & !n ! o!r1 :i* signifi$ a good l>ge mule4 ,i clos$ by say+ t ,i 0 ready to ex*ange pres5ts :5ev] x suit$ 8 conv5i5ce4 ,!y look$ at ea* o!r = "s "t )\t speak+1 b f9ally got up & walk$ away1 & ,i 0 n tr\bl$ ) !m aga94 ,,indian ,,fight+4 ,! milit>y sy/em1 z taught & practic$ 9 our army up to ! "t ( ! ,mexican w>1 01 )\t d\bt1 effici5t & well adapt$ to ! art ( w> among civiliz$ nations4 ,?is sy/em 0 design$ = ! op]ations ( armies act+ 9 populat$ di/ricts1 furni%+ ample res\rces1 & aga9/ an enemy :o 0 tangible1 & made use ( a simil> sy/em4 ,! va/ expanse ( des]t t]ritory t has be5 annex$ to our doma9 )9 ! la/ few ye>s is peopl$ by num]\s tribes ( m>aud+ & erratic savages1 :o are m\nt$ ^u fleet & h>dy horses1 mak+ w> ! bus9ess & pa/ime ( _! lives1 & ackn[l$g+ none ( ! ameliorat+ conv5tionalities ( civiliz$ w>f>e4 ,_! tactics are su* z to r5d] ! old sy/em almo/ :olly impot5t4 ,to act aga9/ an enemy :o is "h to-day & !re to-morr[2 :o at "o "t /amp$es a h]d ( mules ^u ! head wat]s ( ! ,arkansas1 & :5 next he>d f is 9 ! v he>t ( ! populat$ di/ricts ( ,mexico1 lay+ wa/e haci5das1 & c>ry+ deva/ation1 rap9e1 & murd] 9 8 /eps2 :o is e :]e )\t be+ any :]e2 :o assembles at ! mom5t ( combat1 & vani%es :5ev] =tune turns aga9/ him2 :o leaves 8 wom5 & *ildr5 f> di/ant f ! !atre ( ho/ilities1 & has nei!r t[ns or magaz9es to def5d1 nor l9es ( retreat to cov]2 :o d]ives 8 commiss>iat f ! c\ntry he op]ates 91 & is n encumb]$ ) baggage-wagons or pack-tra9s2 :o comes into action only :5 x suits 8 purposes1 & nev] )\t ! advantage ( numb]s or position--) su* an enemy ! /rategic sci5ce ( civiliz$ nations loses mu* ( its importance1 & f9ds b r>ely1 & only 9 peculi> localities1 an opportunity to be put 9 practice4 ,our little army1 scatt]$ z x has be5 ov] ! va/ area ( our possessions1 9 small g>risons ( "o or two companies ea*1 has seldom be5 9 a situation to act successfully on ! (f5sive aga9/ l>ge numb]s ( ^! m>aud]s1 & has (t5 be5 condemn$ to hold itself almo/ exclusively ^u ! def5sive4 ,! morale ( ! troops mu/ !reby necess>ily be s]i\sly impair$1 & ! confid5ce ( ! savages correspond+ly augm5t$4 ,! sy/em ( small g>risons has a t5d5cy to disorganize ! troops 9 proportion z !y are scatt]$1 & r5d]s !m correspond+ly ineffici5t4 ,! same results h be5 obs]v$ by ! ,fr5* army 9 ,alg]ia1 :]e1 9 #ahde1 _! troops 71 l ours1 dissem9at$ ov] a va/ space1 & brok5 up into small deta*m5ts /ation$ 9 num]\s intr5*$ po/s4 ,^u ! sudd5 appe>ance ( ,abd el ,kad] 9 ! pla9 ( ,mitidja1 !y 7 defeat$ ) s]i\s losses1 & 7 f day to day oblig$ to ab&on ^! useless /ations1 ) all ! supplies !y conta9$4 ,a ,fr5* writ]1 9 discuss+ ?is subject1 says3 ,we h n[ ab&on$ ! fatal idea ( def5d+ ,alg]ia by small intr5*$ po/s4 ,9 /udy+ ! "* ( ! w>1 ! nature ( ! m5 :o are to oppose u1 & ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* we are to op]ate1 we mu/ be conv9c$ ( ! dang] ( admitt+ any o!r sy/em ( =tification ?an t :i* is to receive our gr& depots1 our magaz9es1 & to s]ve z places to recruit & re/ our troops :5 exhau/$ by long exp$ition>y movem5ts4 ,^! =tifications %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! c5tres ( action1 s z to comm& ! pr9cipal r\tes1 & s]ve z pivots to exp$ition>y columns4 ,we owe our success to a sy/em ( w> :i* has its pro(s 9 twice *ang+ our relations ) ! ,arabs4 ,?is sy/em consi/s altoge!r 9 ! great mobility we h giv5 to our troops4 ,in/ead ( dissem9at+ our soldi]s ) ! va9 hope ( protect+ our fronti]s ) a l9e ( small po/s1 we h conc5trat$ !m1 to h !m at all times ready = em]g5cies1 & s9ce !n ! =tune ( ! ,arabs has wan$1 & we h m>*$ f victory to victory4 ,?is sy/em1 :i* has ?us f> succe$$1 ought to succe$ always1 & to conduct u1 ,god will+1 to ! peaceful possession ( ! c\ntry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 read+ a treatise ^u w> z x is practic$ by ! ,fr5* 9 ,alg]ia1 by ,colonel ,a4 ,laure1 ( ! #b;d ,alg]9e ,tirailleurs1 publi%$ 9 ,p>is 9 #aheh1 ,i 0 /ruck ) ! rem>kable simil>ity betwe5 ! habits ( ! ,arabs & ^? ( ! w&]+ tribes t inhabit our ,we/]n prairies4 ,_! mann] ( mak+ w> is almo/ precisely ! same1 & a successful sy/em ( /rategic op]ations = "o w1 9 my op9ion1 apply to ! o!r4 ,z ! ,turks h be5 m successful ?an ! ,fr5* 9 _! milit>y op]ations aga9/ ! ,arab tribes1 x may n be altoge!r un9t]e/+ to inquire by :at means ^! inf]ior soldi]s h accompli%$ ! be/ results4 ,! au?or above m5tion$1 9 speak+ ^u ?is subject1 says3 ,9 ^! latt] days ! _w is occupi$ ) ! organization ( m\nt$ infantry1 accord+ to ! example ( ! ,turks1 :]e1 9 ! mo/ successful exp]im5ts t h be5 made1 ! mule c>ries ! foot-soldi]4 ,! ,turki% soldi] m\nts 8 mule1 puts 8 provisions ^u "o side & 8 acc\trem5ts ^u ! o!r1 &1 ?us equipp$1 sets out ^u long m>*es1 travel+ day & night1 & only repos+ occasionally 9 biv\ac4 ,arriv$ ne> ! place ( op]ations 7z ne> ! break ( day z possible71 ! ,turks dism\nt 9 ! mo/ pr(\nd sil5ce1 & pass 9 succession ! bridle ( "o mule ?r\gh t ( ano!r 9 su* a mann] t a s+le man is suffici5t to hold =ty or fifty ( !m by reta9+ ! la/ bridle1 :i* secures all ! o!rs2 !y !n exam9e _! arms1 & are ready to comm5ce _! "w4 ,! *ief gives 8 la/ ord]s1 po/s 8 guides1 & !y make ! attack1 surprise ! enemy1 g5]ally asleep1 & c>ry ! position )\t resi/ance4 ,! op]ation t]m9at$1 !y ha/5 to beat a retreat1 to prev5t ! neighbor+ tribes f assembl+1 & ?us avoid a combat4 ,! ,turks _h only ?ree ?\s& m\nt$ m5 & t5 ?\s& infantry 9 ,alg]ia1 yet ^! ?irte5 ?\s& m5 suffic$ to conqu] ! same ob/acles :i* h arre/$ u = tw5ty-six ye>s1 not)/&+ ! advantage we _h ( an army :i* 0 successively re-en=c$ until x am\nt$ to a hundr$ ?\s&4 ,:y n imitate ! ,turks1 !n1 m\nt our infantry ^u mules1 & r$uce ! /r5g? ( our army8 ,! response is v simple3 ,! ,turks are ,turks--t is to say1 ,mussulmans--& indig5\s to ! c\ntry2 ! ,turks speak ! ,arabic language2 ! ,deys ( ,algi]s _h less c\ntry to gu>d ?an we1 & !y c>e v little ab\t reta9+ possession ( x4 ,!y are satisfi$ to receive a "p ( its rev5ues4 ,!y 7 n p]man5t2 _! dom9ion 0 held by a ?read4 ,! ,arab dwells 9 t5ts2 8 magaz9es are 9 caves4 ,:5 he />ts ^u a w> exp$ition1 he folds 8 t5t1 drives f> away 8 bea/s ( burd51 :i* transport 8 effects1 & only c>ries ) him 8 horse & arms4 ,?us equipp$1 he goes e :]e2 no?+ arre/s him2 & (t51 :5 we believe him tw5ty leagues di/ant1 he is 9 ambu% at precisely rifle range f ! flanks ( 8 enemy4 ,x may be ?\ght ! union ( cont+5ts might ret>d _! movem5ts1 b ?is is n s4 ,! ,arabs1 :e!r !y numb] t5 or a hundr$ ?\s&1 move ) equal facility4 ,!y g :]e !y wi% & z !y wi% ^u a campaign2 ! place ( r5dezv\s m]ely is indicat$1 & !y arrive !re4 ,:at calculations c be made aga9/ su* an organization z ?is8 ,/rategy evid5tly loses its advantages aga9/ su* enemies2 a g5]al c only make conjectures2 he m>*es to f9d ! ,arabs1 & f9ds !m n2 !n1 aga91 :5 he lea/ expects x1 he sudd5ly enc\nt]s !m4 ,:5 ! ,arab despairs ( success 9 battle1 he places 8 sole reliance ^u ! spe$ ( 8 horse to escape de/ruction2 & z he is always 9 a c\ntry :]e he c make 8 camp beside a little wat]1 he travels until he has plac$ a safe di/ance betwe5 himself & 8 enemy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no p probably on ! face ( ! e>? are m ambiti\s ( m>tial fame1 or ent]ta9 a high] appreciation = ! de$s ( a d>+ & successful w>rior1 ?an ! ,nor? ,am]ican savages4 ,! atta9m5t ( su* reputation is ! p>am\nt & absorb+ object ( _! lives2 all _! aspirations = di/9ction inv>iably take ?is *annel ( expression4 ,a "y man is nev] consid]$ wor?y to occupy a seat 9 c\ncil until he has enc\nt]$ an enemy 9 battle2 & he :o c c\nt ! greate/ numb] ( scalps is ! mo/ highly honor$ by 8 tribe4 ,?is idea is inculcat$ f _! e>lie/ infancy4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t1 ) su* weighty inducem5ts be=e him1 ! "y man :o1 z yet1 has ga9$ no r5[n z a brave or w>rior1 %\ld be less discrim9ate 9 8 attacks ?an old] m5 :o h already acquir$ a "n4 ,! "y braves %\ld1 !re=e1 be closely wat*$ :5 enc\nt]$ on ! ,pla9s4 ,! prairie tribes are seldom at peace ) all _! neighbors1 & "s ( ! "y braves ( a tribe are almo/ always abs5t ^u a w> excursion4 ,^! =ays sometimes ext5d into ! he>t ( ! nor!rn /ates ( ,mexico1 :]e ! ,indians h c>ri$ on successful invasions = _m ye>s4 ,!y h deva/at$ & depopulat$ a great portion ( ,sonora & ,*ihuahua4 ,! objects ( ^! =ays are to /eal horses & mules1 & to take prison]s2 & if x s happ5s t a w>-p>ty has be5 unsuccessful 9 ! accompli%m5t ( ^! ends1 or has _h ! mis=tune to lose "s ( its numb] 9 battle1 !y become reckless1 & w (t5 attack a small p>ty ) :om !y are n at w>1 provid$ !y hope to escape detection4 ,! disgrace att5dant ^u a return to _! fri5ds )\t "s trophies z an (fset to ! loss ( _! comrades is a p[]ful inc5tive to action1 & !y ext5d b little m]cy to def5seless travel]s :o h ! mis=tune to enc\nt] !m at su* a conjuncture4 ,:ile en r\te f ,new ,mexico to ,arkansas 9 #ahdi ,i 0 encamp$ ne> ! head ( ! ,colorado ,riv]1 & wi%+ to "k ! "* ( ! c\ntry = a few miles 9 advance ( our position1 ,i desir$ an (fic] to g out & make ! reconnoissance4 ,i 0 ly+ sick 9 my b$ at ! "t1 or ,i %\ld h p]=m$ ! duty myself4 ,i expect$ ! (fic] w\ld h tak5 an escort ) him1 b he omitt$ to d s1 & />t$ (f alone4 ,aft] proce$+ a %ort di/ance he discov]$ f\r m\nt$ ,indians com+ at full spe$ directly t[>d him1 :51 in/ead ( turn+ 8 own horse t[>d camp1 & endeavor+ to make 8 escape 7he 0 well m\nt$71 or ( halt+ & assum+ a def5sive attitude1 he delib]ately rode up to !m2 aft] :i* ! tracks indicat$ t !y proce$$ ab\t ?ree miles toge!r1 :5 ! ,indians mo/ brutally kill$ & scalp$ my mo/ un=tunate b too cr$ul\s fri5d1 :o might probably h sav$ 8 life _h he n1 9 ! k9dness ( 8 excell5t he>t1 imag9$ t ! savages w\ld reciprocate 8 fri5dly advances4 ,he 0 mo/ woefully mi/ak51 & 8 life paid ! =feit ( 8 g5]\s & noble disposition4 ,i h nev] be5 able to get any positive in=mation z to ! p]sons :o committ$ ?is murd]1 yet circum/ances r5d] x highly probable t !y 7 a p>ty ( "y ,indians :o 7 return+ f an unsuccessful =ay1 & !y 7 unable to resi/ ! temptation ( tak+ ! scalp & horse ( ! lieut5ant4 ,a small numb] ( :ite m51 9 travel+ ^u ! ,pla9s1 %\ld n all[ a p>ty ( /range ,indians to approa* !m unless able to resi/ an attack "u ! mo/ unfavorable circum/ances4 ,x is a safe rule1 :5 a man f9ds himself alone 9 ! prairies1 & sees a p>ty ( ,indians approa*+1 n to all[ !m to come ne> him1 & if !y p]si/ 9 s do+1 to signal !m to keep away4 ,if !y d n obey1 & he be m\nt$ ^u a fleet horse1 he %\ld make = ! ne>e/ timb]4 ,if ! ,indians foll[ & press him too closely1 he %\ld halt1 turn ar\nd1 & po9t 8 gun at ! =emo/1 :i* w (t5 h ! effect ( turn+ !m back1 b he %\ld nev] draw trigg] unless he f9ds t 8 life dep5ds ^u ! %ot2 =1 z soon z 8 %ot is deliv]$1 8 sole dep5d5ce1 unless he h "t to reload1 mu/ be ^u ! spe$ ( 8 horse4 ,! ,indians ( ! ,pla9s1 not)/&+ ! encomiums t h be5 heap$ ^u _! bre?r5 :o =m]ly occupi$ ! ,ea/]n ,/ates = _! gratitude1 h n1 s f> z ,i h obs]v$1 ! mo/ di/ant conception ( t s5tim5t4 ,y may conf] numb]less b5efits ^u !m = ye>s1 & ! m t is done = !m ! m !y w expect4 ,!y d n seem to compreh5d ! motive :i* dictates an act ( b5evol5ce or *>ity1 & !y inv>iably attribute x to fe> or ! expectation ( rew>d4 ,:5 !y make a pres5t1 x is ) a view ( gett+ m ?an its equival5t 9 return4 ,i h nev] yet be5 able to discov] t ! ,we/]n wild tribes possess$ any ( ^? attributes :i* among civiliz$ nations are reg>d$ z virtues adorn+ ! human "*4 ,!y h yet to be taught ! fir/ rudim5ts ( civilization1 & !y are at ?is "t z f> f any k ( ,*ri/ianity1 & z wor?y subjects = mission>y ent]prise1 z ! mo/ untutor$ natives ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,keep ,,away6 ,! only way to make ^! m]ciless freeboot]s fe> or respect ! au?ority ( our gov]nm5t is1 :5 !y misbehave1 fir/ ( all to *a/ise !m well by /rik+ su* a bl[ z w be felt = a long "t1 & ?us %[ !m t we are sup]ior to !m 9 w>4 ,!y w !n respect u mu* m ?an :5 _! good-w is pur*as$ ) pres5ts4 ,! op9ion ( a fri5d ( m9e1 :o has pass$ ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s ( 8 life among ! ,indians ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 corroborates ! op9ions ,i h advanc$ ^u ?is head1 & al?\gh ,i d n endorse all ( 8 s5tim5ts1 yet _m ( !m are d$uc$ f long & matur$ exp]i5ce & critical obs]vation4 ,he says3 ,!y are ! mo/ ons>ta9e/ v>m9ts 9 all creation1 & ,i reckon ?a'r n mor'n half human2 = y nev] se$ a human1 art] y'd f$ & treat$ him to ! be/ fix9s 9 y\r lodge1 ji/ turn r\nd & /eal all y\r horses1 or ary o!r ?+ he c\ld lay 8 h&s on4 ,no1 n adzackly4 ,he w\ld feel k9d] grateful1 & ask y to spread a blanket 9 8 lodge ef y ev] pass$ t a-way4 ,b ! ,injun he don't c>e %ucks = y1 & is ready to d y a heap ( mis*ief z soon z he quits y\r fe$4 ,no1 ,cap41 he cont9u$1 x's n ! "r way to give um pres5ts to buy peace2 b ef ,i w> gov]nor ( ^! ye] ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,i'll tell y :at ,i'd d4 ,i'd invite um all to a big fea/1 & make b'lieve ,i want$ to h a big talk2 & z soon z ,i got um all toge!r1 ,i'd pit* 9 & sculp ab\t half ( um1 & !n t'o!r half w\ld be mighty glad to make a peace t w\ld /ick4 ,t's ! way ,i'd make a treaty ) ! dog'ond1 r$-belli$ v>m9ts2 & z sure z y're born1 ,cap41 t's ! only way4 ,i sugge/$ to him ! idea t !re w\ld be a lack ( good fai? & honor 9 su* a proce$+1 & t x w\ld be mu* m 9 accordance ) my notions ( fair deal+ to meet !m op5ly 9 ! field1 & !re endeavor to puni% !m if !y des]ve x4 ,to ?is he repli$1 ,ta9't no use to talk ab\t honor ) !m1 ,cap42 !y ha9't got no su* ?+ 9 um2 & !y won't %[ fair fight1 any way y c fix x4 ,don't !y kill & sculp a :ite man :5-ar !y get ! bett] on him8 ,! mean v>m9ts1 !y'll nev] behave !mselves until y give um a clean out & out lick+4 ,!y c't ond]/& :ite folks' ways1 & !y won't le>n um2 & ef y treat um dec5tly1 !y ?9k y ar afe>d4 ,y may dep5d on't1 ,cap41 ! only way to treat ,injuns is to ?ra% !m well at fir/1 !n ! balance w sort] take to y & behave !mselves4 ,! weal? ( ! ,prairie ,indians consi/s almo/ exclusively 9 _! horses1 ( :i* !y possess l>ge numb]s2 & !y are 9 ! saddle f infancy to old age4 ,horseman%ip is ) !m1 z ) ! ,arab ( ! ,sah>a1 a necess>y "p ( _! education4 ,! c\ntry !y occupy is unsuit$ to cultivation1 & _! only avocations are w>1 rap9e1 & ! *ase4 ,!y h no fix$ habitations1 b move f place to place ) ! seasons & ! game4 ,all _! worldly effects are transport$ 9 _! migrations1 & :]ev] _! lodges are pit*$ !re is _! home4 ,!y are /rang]s to all c>es1 creat+ = !mselves no artificial wants1 & are p]fectly happy & cont5t$ s long z ! buffalo is f\nd )9 ! limits ( _! w&]+s4 ,e man is a soldi]1 & !y g5]ally exhibit great confid5ce 9 _! own milit>y pr[ess4 ,,meet+ ,,indians4 ,on approa*+ /rang]s ^! p put _! horses at full spe$1 & p]sons n famili> ) _! peculi>ities & habits might int]pret ?is z an act ( ho/ility2 b x is _! cu/om ) fri5ds z well z enemies1 & %\ld n occasion gr\ndless al>m4 ,:5 a p>ty is discov]$ approa*+ ?us1 & are ne> en\gh to di/+ui% signals1 all t is necess>y 9 ord] to asc]ta9 _! disposition is to raise ! "r h& ) ! palm 9 front1 & gradually pu% x =w>d & back sev]al times4 ,!y all und]/& ?is to be a comm& to halt1 & if !y are n ho/ile x w at once be obey$4 ,aft] !y h /opp$ ! "r h& is rais$ aga9 z be=e1 & sl[ly mov$ to ! "r & left1 :i* signifies ,i d n "k y4 ,:o are y8 ,z all ! wild tribes h _! peculi> pantomimic signals by :i* !y are kn[n1 !y w !n answ] ! inquiry by giv+ _! signal4 ,if ?is %\ld n be und]/ood1 !y may be ask$ if !y are fri5ds by rais+ bo? h&s grasp$ 9 ! mann] ( %ak+ h&s1 or by lock+ ! two =e-f+]s firmly :ile ! h&s are held up4 ,if fri5dly1 !y w respond ) ! same signal2 b if enemies1 !y w probably disreg>d ! comm& to halt1 or give ! signal ( ang] by clos+ ! h&1 plac+ x aga9/ ! =ehead1 & turn+ x back & =? :ile 9 t position4 ,! pantomimic vocabul>y is und]/ood by all ! ,prairie ,indians1 & :5 oral communication is impracticable x con/itutes ! c\rt or g5]al c\ncil language ( ! ,pla9s4 ,! signs are exce$+ly graceful & significant2 &1 :at 0 a fact ( mu* a/oni%m5t to me1 ,i discov]$ !y 7 v ne>ly ! same z ^? practic$ by ! mutes 9 our deaf & dumb s*ools1 & 7 compreh5d$ by !m ) p]fect facility4 ,! ,coman*e is repres5t$ by mak+ ) ! h& a wav+ motion 9 imitation ( ! crawl+ ( a snake4 ,! ,*ey5ne1 or ,cut-arm1 by draw+ ! h& across ! arm1 to imitate cutt+ x ) a knife4 ,! ,arapahoes1 or ,smell]s1 by seiz+ ! nose ) ! ?umb & =e-f+]4 ,! ,si\x1 or ,cut-?roats1 by draw+ ! h& across ! ?roat4 ,! ,pawnees1 or ,wolves1 by plac+ a h& on ea* side ( ! =ehead1 ) two f+]s po9t+ to ! front1 to repres5t ! n>r[1 %>p e>s ( ! wolf4 ,! ,cr[s1 by imitat+ ! flapp+ ( ! bird's w+s ) ! palms ( ! h&s4 ,:5 ,indians meet a p>ty ( /rang]s1 & are dispos$ to be fri5dly1 ! *iefs1 aft] ! usual salutations h be5 ex*ang$1 g5]ally ride out & accompany ! comm&] ( ! p>ty "s di/ance1 hold+ a fri5dly talk1 &1 at ! same "t1 indulg+ _! curiosity by le>n+ ! news1 etc4 ,phlegmatic & indiff]5t z !y appe> to be1 !y are v inquisitive & obs]v+1 &1 at ! same "t1 exce$+ly circumspect & cauti\s ab\t disclos+ _! own purposes4 ,!y are always desir\s ( procur+1 f :omsoev] !y meet1 te/imonials ( _! good behavior1 :i* !y pres]ve ) great c>e1 & exhibit ^u all occasions to /rang]s z a gu>antee ( future good conduct4 ,on meet+ ) a *ief ( ! ,s\!rn ,coman*es 9 #ahdi1 aft] go+ ?r\gh ! usual c]emony ( embrac+1 & assur+ me t he 0 ! be/ fri5d ! ,am]icans ev] _h among ! ,indians1 he exhibit$ num]\s c]tificates f ! diff]5t :ite m5 he _h met )1 te/ify+ to 8 fri5dly disposition4 ,among ^! 0 "o t he desir$ me to read ) special att5tion1 z he said he 0 ( ! op9ion t p]haps x might n be s complim5t>y 9 its "* z "s ( ! o!rs4 ,x 0 9 ^! words3 ,! be>] ( ?is says he is a ,coman*e *ief1 nam$ ,s5aco2 t he is ! bigge/ ,indian & be/ fri5d ! :ites ev] _h2 9 fact1 t he is a fir/-rate fell[2 b ,i believe he is a d----d rascal1 s look out = him4 ,i smil$ on read+ ! pap]1 &1 look+ up1 f\nd ! *ief's eyes int5tly fix$ ^u m9e ) an expression ( ! mo/ e>ne/ inquiry4 ,i told him ! pap] 0 n z good z x might be1 :]eupon he de/roy$ x4 ,five ye>s aft] ?is int]view ,i met ,s5aco aga9 ne> ! same place4 ,he recogniz$ me at once1 &1 mu* to my surprise1 pron\nc$ my "n q di/9ctly4 ,a circum/ance :i* happ5$ 9 my int]view ) ?is ,indian %[s _! "* = diplomatic policy4 ,i 0 ab\t locat+ & survey+ a res]vation ( l& ^u :i* ! gov]nm5t design$ to e/abli% ! ,coman*es1 & 0 desir\s ( asc]ta9+ :e!r !y 7 dispos$ volunt>ily to come into ! measure4 ,9 ?is connection1 ,i /at$ to him t _! ,great ,fa!r1 ! ,presid5t1 be+ anxi\s to improve _! condition1 0 will+ to give !m a p]man5t location1 :]e !y c\ld cultivate ! soil1 &1 if !y wi%$ x1 he w\ld s5d :ite m5 to tea* !m ! rudim5ts ( agriculture1 supply !m ) f>m+ ut5sils1 & all o!r requisites = liv+ com=tably 9 _! new homes4 ,i !n desir$ him to consult ) 8 p1 & let me "k :at _! views 7 ^u ! subject4 ,aft] talk+ a consid]able "t ) 8 head m51 he rose to reply1 & said1 ,he 0 v happy to le>n t ! ,presid5t rememb]$ 8 poor r$ *ildr5 9 ! ,pla9s1 & he 0 glad to see me aga91 & he> f me t _! ,great ,fa!r 0 _! fri5d2 t he 0 also v mu* gratifi$ to meet 8 ag5t :o 0 pres5t1 & t he %\ld rememb] ) mu* satisfaction ! agreeable int]view we _h _h ^u t occasion4 ,aft] deliv]+ himself ( num]\s o!r non-committal expressions ( simil> import1 he clos$ 8 spee* & took 8 seat )\t mak+ ! slighte/ allusion to ! subject 9 "q4 ,on rem9d+ him ( ?is omission1 & aga9 dem&+ f him a di/9ct & categorical answ]1 he1 aft] a brief consultation ) 8 p1 repli$ t 8 talk 0 made & conclud$1 & he did n compreh5d :y x 0 t ,i want$ to op5 ! subject anew4 ,b1 z ,i cont9u$ to press him = an answ]1 he at l5g? said1 ,y come into our c\ntry & select a small pat* ( gr\nd1 ar\nd :i* y run a l9e1 & tell u ! ,presid5t w make u a pres5t ( ?is to live ^u1 :5 e body kn[s t ! :ole ( ?is entire c\ntry1 f ! ,r$ ,riv] to ! ,colorado1 is n[1 & always has be51 ours f "t immemorial4 ,i suppose1 h[ev]1 if ! ,presid5t tells u to conf9e ourselves to ^! n>r[ limits1 we %all be =c$ to d s1 :e!r we desire x or n4 ,he 0 evid5tly av]se to ! propos$ *ange 9 _! mode ( life1 & has be5 at w> ev] s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ! settlem5t4 ,! mode ( life ( ! nomadic tribes1 ow+ to _! unsettl$ & w>like habits1 is su* z to r5d] _! condition "o ( con/ant dang] & appreh5sion4 ,! security ( _! num]\s animals f ! encroa*m5ts ( _! enemies & habitual liability to attacks compels !m to be at all times ^u ! al]t4 ,ev5 dur+ pr(\nd peace !y gu>d _! h]ds bo? night & day1 :ile sc\ts are (t5 patroll+ ^u ! surr\nd+ heights to give notice ( ! approa* ( /rang]s1 & enable !m to secure _! animals & take a def5sive attitude4 ,:5 "o ( ^! p conceives himself injur$ 8 ?ir/ = rev5ge is insatiable4 ,grave & dignifi$ 9 8 outw>d be>+1 & prid+ himself ^u nev] exhibit+ curiosity1 joy1 or ang]1 yet :5 once r\s$ he ev9ces ! implacable dispositions ( 8 race2 ! affront is laid up & *]i%$ 9 8 brea/1 & no?+ c efface x f 8 m9d until ample rep>ation is made4 ,! insult mu/ be aton$ = by pres5ts1 or be wa%$ out ) blood4 ,,w> ,,exp$itions4 ,:5 a *ief desires to organize a w>-p>ty1 he provides himself ) a long pole1 atta*es a r$ flag to ! end ( x1 & trims ! top ) eagle fea!rs4 ,he !n m\nts 8 horse 9 8 w>-co/ume1 & rides ar\nd ?r\gh ! camp s++ ! w>-song4 ,^? :o are dispos$ to jo9 ! exp$ition m\nt _! horses & fall into ! procession2 aft] p>ad+ ab\t = a "t1 all dism\nt1 & ! w>-dance is p]=m$4 ,?is c]emony is cont9u$ f day to day until a suffici5t numb] ( volunte]s are f\nd to accompli% ! objects desir$1 :5 !y set out = ! !atre ( _! int5d$ exploits4 ,z !y proce$ ^u _! exp$ition1 x sometimes happ5s t ! *ief ) :om x orig9at$1 & :o inv>iably assumes ! comm&1 becomes disc\rag$ at n f9d+ an opportunity ( display+ 8 w>like abilities1 & ab&ons ! ent]prise2 9 :i* ev5t1 if o!rs ( ! p>ty desire to proce$ f>!r1 !y select ano!r lead] & pu% on1 & ?us s long z any "o ( ! p>ty holds out4 ,a w>-p>ty is sometimes abs5t = a great l5g? ( "t1 & = days1 weeks1 & mon?s _! fri5ds at home anxi\sly await _! return1 until1 sudd5ly1 f af>1 ! %rill w>-cry ( an avant c\ri] is he>d proclaim+ ! approa* ( ! victori\s w>riors4 ,! camp is 9 an in/ant alive ) excitem5t & commotion4 ,m51 wom51 & *ildr5 sw>m out to meet ! advanc+ p>ty4 ,_! :ite horses are pa9t$ & deck$ out 9 ! mo/ fanta/ic /yle1 & l$ 9 advance ( ! triumphal procession2 &1 z !y pass ar\nd ?r\gh ! village1 ! old wom5 set up a mo/ une>?ly h[l ( exultation1 aft] :i* ! scalp-dance is p]=m$ ) all ! pomp & display _! limit$ res\rces admit (1 ! w>riors hav+ _! faces pa9t$ black4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 ! exp$ition t]m9ates disa/r\sly by ! loss ( "s ( ! p>ty 9 battle1 ! relatives ( ! deceas$ cut (f _! own hair1 & ! tails & manes ( _! horses1 z symbols ( m\rn+1 & h[l & cry = a long "t4 ,9 #ahed ,i saw ! wid[ ( a =m] *ief ( ! ,s\!rn ,coman*es1 ^: husb& _h be5 dead ab\t ?ree ye>s1 yet %e cont9u$ h] m\rn+ tribute to 8 memory by cry+ daily = him & refus+ all (f]s to m>ry aga94 ,! prairie w>rior is occasionally se5 ) ! rifle 9 8 h&1 b 8 favorite arm is ! b[1 ! use ( :i* is taught him at an e>ly age4 ,by con/ant practice he acquires a skill 9 ar*]y t r5d]s him no less =midable 9 w> ?an successful 9 ! *ase4 ,_! b[s are usually made ( ! t\gh & ela/ic wood ( ! bois d'are1 /r5g!n$ & re-en=c$ ) s9ews ( ! de] wrapp$ firmly ar\nd1 & /rung ) a cord ( ! same mat]ial4 ,!y are f ?ree to f\r feet long4 ,! arr[s1 :i* are c>ri$ 9 a quiv] ^u ! back1 are ab\t tw5ty in*es long1 ( flexible wood1 ) a triangul> iron po9t at "o end1 & at ! o!r two fea!rs int]sect+ at "r angles4 ,at %ort di/ances 7ab\t fifty y>ds71 ! b[1 9 ! h&s ( ! ,indian1 is effective1 & 9 close proximity ) ! buffalo ?r[s ! arr[ entirely ?r\gh 8 huge c>cass4 ,9 us+ ?is weapon ! w>rior protects himself f ! missiles ( 8 enemy ) a %ield made ( two ?icknesses ( undress$ buffalo hide fill$ 9 ) hair4 ,! ,coman*es1 ,si\x1 & o!r prairie tribes make _! attacks ^u ! op5 prairies4 ,tru/+ to _! wond]ful skill 9 equitation & horseman%ip1 !y ride ar\nd _! enemies ) _! bodies ?r[n ^u ! opposite side ( ! horse1 & dis*>ge _! arr[s 9 rapid succession :ile at full spe$2 !y w n1 h[ev]1 (t5 v5ture ne> an enemy :o occupies a def5sive position4 ,if1 !re=e1 a small p>ty be 9 dang] ( an attack f a l>ge =ce ( ,indians1 !y %\ld seek ! cov] ( timb] or a p>k ( wagons1 or1 9 ! abs5ce ( ^!1 rocks or holes 9 ! prairie :i* af=d good cov]4 ,attempts to /amp$e animals are (t5 made :5 p>ties fir/ arrive 9 camp1 & :5 e "o's att5tion is preoccupi$ 9 ! arrangem5ts !re) connect$4 ,9 a c\ntry infe/$ by ho/ile ,indians1 ! gr\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( :i* x is propos$ to encamp %\ld be cauti\sly exam9$ = tracks & o!r ,indian signs by mak+ a circuit ar\nd ! locality previ\s to unh>ness+ ! animals4 ,aft] ,indians h succe$$ 9 /amp$+ a h]d ( horses or mules1 & desire to drive !m away1 !y are 9 ! habit ( pu%+ !m =w>d z rapidly z possible = ! fir/ few days1 9 ord] to place a wide int]val betwe5 !mselves & any p>ty t may be 9 pursuit4 ,9 runn+ (f /ol5 animals1 ! ,indians are g5]ally divid$ into two p>ties1 "o = driv+ & ! o!r to act z a re> gu>d4 ,be=e !y rea* a place :]e !y propose mak+ a halt1 !y leave a vidette ^u "s prom95t po9t to wat* = pursu]s & give ! ma9 p>ty timely w>n+1 enabl+ !m to rally _! animals & pu% =w>d aga94 ,,track+ ,,indians4 ,:5 an ,indian s5t9el int5ds to wat* = an enemy approa*+ f ! re>1 he selects ! highe/ position available1 & places himself ne> ! summit 9 su* an attitude t 8 entire body %all be conceal$ f ! obs]vation ( any "o 9 ! re>1 8 head only be+ expos$ above ! top ( ! em95ce4 ,"h he awaits ) great pati5ce s long z he ?9ks !re is any possibility ( dang]1 & x w be difficult = an enemy to surprise him or to elude 8 ke5 & scrut9iz+ vigilance4 ,mean:ile 8 horse is secur$ "u ! scre5 ( ! hill1 all ready :5 requir$4 ,h5ce x w be evid5t t1 9 foll[+ ,indian depr$ators1 ! utmo/ vigilance & caution mu/ be ex]cis$ to conceal f !m ! movem5ts ( _! pursu]s4 ,!y are ! be/ sc\ts 9 ! _w1 pr(ici5t 9 all ! artifices & /ratagems available 9 bord] w>f>e1 & :5 hotly pursu$ by a sup]ior =ce1 aft] exhau/+ all o!r means ( evasion1 !y scatt] 9 diff]5t directions2 & if1 9 a brok5 or m\nta9\s c\ntry1 !y c d no bett]1 ab&on _! horses & baggage1 & take refuge 9 ! rocks1 gorges1 or o!r hid+-places4 ,?is plan has sev]al times be5 resort$ to by ,indians 9 ,texas :5 surpris$1 &1 not)/&+ _! pursu]s 7 directly ^u !m1 ! majority made _! escape1 leav+ beh9d all _! animals & o!r prop]ty4 ,= ov]tak+ a m>aud+ p>ty ( ,indians :o h advanc$ eight or t5 h\rs be=e ! pursu+ p>ty are 9 read9ess to take ! trail1 x is n be/ to pu% =w>d rapidly at fir/1 z ?is w we>y & break d[n horses4 ,! ,indians mu/ be suppos$ to h at lea/ fifty or sixty miles ! />t2 x w1 !re=e1 be useless to ?9k ( ov]tak+ !m )\t provid+ = a long *ase4 ,sc\ts %\ld cont9ually be kept out 9 front ^u ! trail to reconnoitre & give preconc]t$ signals to ! ma9 p>ty :5 ! ,indians are espi$4 ,9 approa*+ all em95ces or undulations 9 ! prairies1 ! comm&] %\ld be c>eful n to all[ any consid]able numb] ( 8 m5 to pass ^u ! summits until ! c\ntry ar\nd has be5 c>efully reconnoitr$ by ! sc\ts1 :o w cauti\sly raise _! eyes above ! cre/s ( ! mo/ elevat$ po9ts1 mak+ a scrut9iz+ exam9ation 9 all directions2 &1 :ile do+ ?is1 %\ld an ,indian be enc\nt]$ :o has be5 left beh9d z a s5t9el1 he mu/1 if possible1 be secur$ or %ot1 to prev5t 8 giv+ ! al>m to 8 comrades4 ,^! precautions c n be too rigidly en=c$ :5 ! trail becomes w>m2 & if !re be a moon1 x w be bett] to lie by 9 ! daytime & foll[ ! trail at night1 z ! great object is to come ^u ! ,indians :5 !y are n anticipat+ an attack4 ,su* surprises1 if discreetly conduct$2 g5]ally prove successful4 ,z soon z ! ,indians are discov]$ 9 _! biv\ac1 ! pursu+ p>ty %\ld dism\nt1 leave _! horses "u *>ge ( a gu>d 9 "s seque/]$ place1 &1 be=e advanc+ to ! attack1 ! m5 %\ld be in/ruct$ 9 signals = _! diff]5t movem5ts1 su* z all w easily compreh5d & rememb]4 ,z1 = example1 a pull ^u ! "r arm may signify to face to ! "r1 & a pull ^u ! left arm to face to ! left2 a pull ^u ! skirt ( ! coat1 to halt2 a g5tle pu% on ! back1 to advance 9 ord9>y "t2 a slap on ! back1 to advance 9 d\ble quick "t1 etc41 etc4 ,^! signals1 hav+ be5 previ\sly well und]/ood & practic$1 may be giv5 by ! comm&] to ! man next to him1 & f him communicat$ 9 rapid succession ?r\gh\t ! comm&4 ,i w suppose ! p>ty =m$ 9 "o rank1 ) ! comm&] on ! "r4 ,he gives ! signal1 & ! m5 move (f cauti\sly 9 ! direction indicat$4 ,! importance ( n los+ sight ( 8 comrades on 8 "r & left1 & ( n all[+ !m to get out ( 8 rea*1 s z to break ! *a9 ( communication1 w be app>5t to all1 & great c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! m5 d n mi/ake _! bro!rs 9 arms = ! enemy4 ,?is may be prev5t$ by hav+ two pass-words1 & :5 !re be any d\bt z to ! id5tity ( two m5 :o meet dur+ ! night op]ations1 "o ( ^! words may be repeat$ by ea*4 ,above all1 ! m5 mu/ be fully impress$ ) ! importance ( n fir+ a %ot until ! ord] is giv5 by ! comm&+ (fic]1 & also t a rigor\s p]sonal acc\ntability w be en=c$ 9 all cases ( a violation ( ?is rule4 ,if ! comm&] gives ! signal = comm5c+ ! attack by fir+ a pi/ol or gun1 !re w probably be no mi/ake1 unless x happ5s ?r\gh c>elessness by ! accid5tal dis*>ge ( fire>ms4 ,i c conceive ( no?+ m appall+1 or t t5ds m to ?r[ m5 (f _! gu>d & produce confusion1 ?an a sudd5 & unexpect$ night-attack4 ,ev5 ! ,indians1 :o pride !mselves ^u _! coolness & self-possession1 are f> f be+ exempt f its effects2 & x is n surpris+ t m5 :o g to sleep ) a s5se ( p]fect security ar\nd !m1 & are sudd5ly ar\s$ f a s\nd slumb] by ! t]rific s\nds ( an onslaught f an enemy1 %\ld lose _! pres5ce ( m9d4 ,,telegraph+ ,,by ,,smokes4 ,! transp>5cy ( ! atmosph]e ^u ! ,pla9s is su* t objects c be se5 at great di/ances2 a m\nta91 = example1 pres5ts a di/9ct & bold outl9e at fifty or sixty miles1 & may occasionally be se5 z f> z a hundr$ miles4 ,! ,indians1 avail+ !mselves ( ?is fact1 h be5 9 ! habit ( practic+ a sy/em ( telegraph+ by means ( smokes dur+ ! day & fires by night1 &1 ,i d>e say1 !re are b few travel]s :o h cross$ ! m\nta9s to ,cali=nia t h n se5 ^! signals made & respond$ to f peak to peak 9 rapid succession4 ,! ,indians ?us make kn[n to _! fri5ds _m items ( in=mation highly important to !m4 ,if enemies or /rang]s make _! appe>ance 9 ! c\ntry1 ! fact is telegraph$ at once1 giv+ !m "t to secure _! animals & to prep>e = attack1 def5se1 or flight4 ,w> or hunt+ p>ties1 aft] hav+ be5 abs5t a long "t f _! erratic fri5ds at home1 & n kn[+ :]e to f9d !m1 make use ( ! same preconc]t$ signals to indicate _! pres5ce4 ,v d5se smokes may be rais$ by k9dl+ a l>ge fire ) dry wood1 & pil+ ^u x ! gre5 b\ghs ( p9e1 balsam1 or hemlock4 ,?is ?r[s (f a heavy cl\d ( black smoke :i* c be se5 v f>4 ,?is simple me?od ( telegraph+1 s useful to ! savages bo? 9 w> & 9 peace1 may1 9 my judgm5t1 be us$ to advantage 9 ! movem5ts ( troops co-op]at+ 9 sep>ate columns 9 ! ,indian c\ntry4 ,i %all n attempt at ?is "t to pres5t a matur$ sy/em ( signals1 b w m]ely give a few sugge/ions t5d+ to illu/rate ! advantages to be d]iv$ f ! use ( !m4 ,= example1 :5 two columns are m>*+ ?r\gh a c\ntry at su* di/ances ap>t t smokes may be se5 f "o to ! o!r1 _! respective positions may be made kn[n to ea* o!r at any "t by two smokes rais$ simultane\sly or at c]ta9 preconc]t$ int]vals4 ,%\ld ! comm&] ( "o column desire to communicate ) ! o!r1 he raises ?ree smokes simultane\sly1 :i*1 if se5 by ! o!r p>ty1 %\ld be respond$ to 9 ! same mann]4 ,!y w\ld !n hold !mselves 9 read9ess = any o!r communications4 ,if an enemy is discov]$ 9 small numb]s1 a smoke rais$ twice at fifte5 m9utes' int]val w\ld indicate x2 & if 9 l>ge =ce1 ?ree times ) ! same int]vals might be ! signal4 ,%\ld ! comm&] ( "o p>ty desire ! o!r to jo9 him1 ?is might be telegraph$ by f\r smokes at t5 m9utes' int]val4 ,%\ld x become necess>y to *ange ! direction ( ! l9e ( m>*1 ! comm&] may transmit ! ord] by means ( two simultane\s smokes rais$ a c]ta9 numb] ( times to indicate ! p>ticul> direction2 = in/ance1 twice = nor?1 ?ree times = s\?1 f\r times = ea/1 & five times = we/2 ?ree smokes rais$ twice = nor!a/1 ?ree times = nor?we/1 etc41 etc4 ,by multiply+ ! comb9ations ( signals a great v>iety ( messages might be transmitt$ 9 ?is mann]2 b1 to avoid mi/akes1 ! signals %\ld be writt5 d[n & copies furni%$ ! comm&] ( ea* sep>ate p>ty1 & !y ne$ n necess>ily be made kn[n to o!r p]sons4 ,dur+ ! day an intellig5t man %\ld be detail$ to keep a vigilant look-out 9 all directions = smokes1 & he %\ld be furni%$ ) a wat*1 p5cil1 & pap]1 to make a record ( ! signals1 ) _! numb]1 & ! "t ( ! int]vals betwe5 !m4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,hunt+4 ,its ,b5efits to ! ,soldi]4 ,buffalo4 ,de]4 ,antelope4 ,be>4 ,big-horn1 or ,m\nta9 ,%eep4 ,_! ,habits1 & ,h9ts ^u ! be/ ,me?ods ( hunt+ !m4 ,,hunt+4 ,i "k ( no bett] s*ool ( practice = p]fect+ m5 9 t>get-fir+1 & ! use ( fire>ms g5]ally1 ?an t 9 :i* ! fronti] hunt] receives 8 education4 ,"o ( ! fir/ & mo/ important lessons t he is taught impresses him ) ! conviction t1 unless 8 gun is 9 good ord] & /eadily direct$ ^u ! game1 he mu/ g )\t 8 supp]2 & if ambition does n /imulate 8 ef=ts1 8 appetite w1 & ultimately lead to success & confid5ce 9 8 own p[]s4 ,! man :o is afraid to place ! butt ( 8 piece firmly aga9/ 8 %\ld]1 or :o turns away 8 head at ! in/ant ( pull+ trigg] 7z soldi]s (t5 d be=e !y h be5 drill$ at t>get-practice71 w n be likely to bag mu* game or to contribute mat]ially t[>d ! result ( a battle4 ,! successful hunt]1 z a g5]al rule1 is a good %ot1 w always *>ge 8 gun prop]ly1 & may be reli$ ^u 9 action4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 :5 9 g>rison or at p]man5t camps1 enc\rage (fic]s & soldi]s 9 field-sports4 ,if p]mitt$1 m5 v readily cultivate a fondness = ^! innoc5t & heal?y ex]cises1 & occupy _! leisure "t 9 _! pursuit2 :]eas1 if conf9$ to ! n>r[ limits ( a fronti] camp or g>rison1 hav+ no amusem5ts )9 _! rea*1 !y are prone to indulge 9 practices :i* are highly detrim5tal to _! physical & moral condition4 ,by mak+ %ort excursions ab\t ! c\ntry !y acquire a k ( x1 become inur$ to fatigue1 le>n ! art ( biv\ack+1 trail+1 etc41 etc41 all ( :i* w be f\nd s]viceable 9 bord] w>f>e2 &1 ev5 if !y %\ld p]*ance n[ & !n miss "s ( ! m9or r\t9e duties ( ! g>rison1 ! b5efits !y w\ld d]ive f hunt+ w\ld1 9 my op9ion1 m ?an c\nt]balance its effects4 ,"u ! old regime x 0 ?\ght t drills1 dress-p>ades1 & gu>d-m\nt+s compreh5d$ ! sum total ( ! soldi]'s education1 b ! exp]i5ce ( ! la/ t5 ye>s has taught u t ^! are only ! rudim5ts1 & t to combat successfully ) ,indians we mu/ receive in/ruction f !m1 /udy _! tactics1 &1 :]e !y suit our purposes1 copy f !m4 ,! union ( discipl9e ) ! individuality1 self-reliance1 & rapidity ( locomotion ( ! savage is :at we %\ld aim at4 ,?is w be ! t5d5cy ( ! c\rse indicat$1 & x is conceiv$ by ! writ] t an army compos$ ( well-discipl9$ hunt]s w be ! mo/ effici5t ( all o!rs aga9/ ! only enemy we h to enc\nt] )9 ! limits ( our va/ possessions4 ,i f9d "s p]t95t rem>ks ^u ?is subject 9 a v s5sible essay by a late capta9 ( infantry 7,u4,s474 ,he says3 ,x is conceiv$ t scatt]$ b&s ( m\nt$ hunt]s1 ) ! spe$ ( a horse & ! wat*fulness ( a wolf or antelope1 ^: faculties are %>p5$ by _! necessities2 :o1 :5 !y get %ort ( provisions1 sep>ate & look = some?+ to eat1 & f9d x 9 ! wat]1 9 ! gr\nd1 or on ! surface2 ^: bill ( f>e ranges f grass-se$1 nuts1 roots1 gras%opp]s1 liz>ds1 & rattlesnakes up to ! antelope1 de]1 elk1 be>1 & buffalo1 & :o h a cont95t to roam ov]1 w be nei!r surpris$1 caught1 conqu]$1 ov]aw$1 or r$uc$ to fam9e by a rumbl+1 bugle-bl[+1 drum-beat+ t[n pass+ ?r\gh _! c\ntry on :eels at ! spe$ ( a load$ wagon4 ,if ! ,indians are 9 ! pa? & d n wi% to be se51 !y cross a ridge1 & ! t[n moves on1 ignorant :e!r !re are fifty ,indians )9 a mile or no ,indian )9 fifty miles4 ,if ! ,indians wi% to see1 !y return to ! cre/ ( ! ridge1 crawl up to ! edge1 pull up a bun* ( grass by ! roots1 & look ?r\gh or "u x at ! procession4 ,al?\gh ,i w\ld always enc\rage m5 9 hunt+ :5 p]man5tly locat$1 yet1 unless !y are good woodsm51 x is n safe to p]mit !m to g out alone 9 m>*+ ?r\gh ! ,indian c\ntry1 z1 aside f ! dang] ( enc\nt]+ ,indians1 !y w\ld be liable to become bewild]$ & p]haps lo/1 & ?is might deta9 ! entire p>ty 9 se>*+ = !m4 ,! bett] plan ^u a m>* is = ?ree or f\r to g out toge!r1 accompani$ by a good woodsman1 :o w be able ) c]ta9ty to lead !m back to camp4 ,! little gr\p c\ld asc]ta9 if ,indians are ab\t1 & w\ld be /rong en\gh to act on ! def5sive aga9/ small p>ties ( !m2 &1 :ile !y are amus+ !mselves1 !y may p]=m an important "p z sc\ts & flank]s4 ,an exp$ition may h be5 p]fectly organiz$1 & e ?+ provid$ t ! wise/ =e?\ght c\ld sugge/1 yet circum/ances beyond ! control ( ! mo/ exp]i5c$ travel] may sometimes arise to defeat ! be/ conc]t$ plans4 ,x is n1 = example1 an impossible cont+5cy t ! travel] may1 by un=ese5 delays1 consume 8 provisions1 lose !m 9 cross+ /reams1 or h !m /ol5 by ho/ile ,indians1 & be r$uc$ to ! necessity ( dep5d+ ^u game = subsi/5ce4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 a few obs]vations ^u ! habits ( ! diff]5t animals t frequ5t ! ,pla9s & on ! be/ me?ods ( hunt+ !m may n be altoge!r devoid ( int]e/ or utility 9 ?is connection4 ,,! ,,buffalo4 ,! l>ge/ & mo/ useful animal t roams ov] ! prairies is ! buffalo4 ,x provides food1 clo?+1 & %elt] to ?\s&s ( natives ^: means ( livelihood dep5d almo/ exclusively ^u ?is gigantic mon>* ( ! prairies4 ,n _m ye>s s9ce !y ?rong$ 9 c\ntless multitudes ov] all t va/ area ly+ betwe5 ,mexico & ! ,briti% possessions1 b n[ _! range is conf9$ )9 v n>r[ limits1 & a few m ye>s w probably witness ! ext9ction ( ! species4 ,! travel]1 9 pass+ f ,texas or ,arkansas ?r\gh s\!rn ,new ,mexico to ,cali=nia1 does n1 at ! pres5t day1 enc\nt] ! buffalo2 b ^u all ! r\tes nor? ( latitude #cf deg4 ! animal is /ill f\nd betwe5 ! #ii? & #ajb;d m]idians ( longitude4 ,al?\gh g5]ally reg>d$ z migratory 9 _! habits1 yet ! buffalo (t5 w9t] 9 ! sn[s ( a high nor!rn latitude4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ( #aheh ,i f\nd !m 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 at ! head ( ! ,arkansas & ,s\? ,platte ,riv]s1 & !re 0 e indication t ?is 0 a p]man5t abid+-place = !m4 ,!re are two me?ods g5]ally practic$ 9 hunt+ ! buffalo1 viz43 runn+ !m on horseback1 & /alk+1 or /ill-hunt+4 ,! fir/ me?od requires a sure-foot$ & tol]ably fleet horse t is n easily fright5$4 ,! buffalo c[1 :i* makes mu* bett] beef ?an ! bull1 :5 pursu$ by ! hunt] runs rapidly1 &1 unless ! horse be fleet1 x requires a long & exhau/+ *ase to ov]take h]4 ,:5 ! buffalo are discov]$1 & ! hunt] int5ds to give *ase1 he %\ld fir/ dism\nt1 arrange 8 saddle-blanket & saddle1 buckle ! gir? tight1 & make e ?+ ab\t 8 horse furniture snug & secure4 ,he %\ld !n put 8 arms 9 good fir+ ord]1 &1 tak+ ! lee side ( ! h]d1 s t !y may n get ! w9d ( him1 he %\ld approa* 9 a walk z close z possible1 tak+ advantage ( any cov] t may (f]4 ,8 horse !n1 be+ cool & fre%1 w be able to da% into ! h]d1 & probably c>ry 8 rid] v ne> ! animal he has select$ be=e he becomes al>m$4 ,if ! hunt] be "r-h&$1 & uses a pi/ol1 he %\ld approa* ^u ! left side1 & :5 ne>ly opposite & close ^u ! buffalo1 deliv] 8 %ot1 tak+ aim a little bel[ ! c5tre ( ! body1 & ab\t eight in*es back ( ! %\ld]4 ,?is w /rike ! vitals1 & g5]ally r5d] ano!r %ot unnecess>y4 ,:5 a rifle or %ot-gun is us$ ! hunt] rides up on ! "r side1 keep+ 8 horse well 9 h&1 s z to be able to turn (f if ! bea/ *>ges ^u him2 ?is1 h[ev]1 nev] happ5s except ) a buffalo t is w\nd$1 :5 x is advisable to keep out ( 8 rea*4 ,! buffalo has imm5se p[]s ( endurance1 & w run = _m miles )\t any app>5t ef=t or dim9ution 9 spe$4 ,! fir/ buffalo ,i ev] saw ,i foll[$ ab\t t5 miles1 & :5 ,i left him he seem$ to run fa/] ?an :5 ! *ase comm5c$4 ,z a long buffalo-*ase is v sev]e labor ^u a horse1 ,i w\ld recomm5d to all travel]s1 unless !y h a good deal ( surplus horse-fle%1 nev] to exp5d x 9 runn+ buffalo4 ,/ill-hunt+1 :i* requires no consumption ( horse-fle%1 & is equally successful ) ! o!r me?od1 is recomm5d$4 ,9 /alk+ on horseback1 ! mo/ brok5 & hilly localities %\ld be select$1 z ^! w furni% cov] to ! hunt]1 :o passes f ! cre/ ( "o hill to ano!r1 exam9+ ! c\ntry c>efully 9 all directions4 ,:5 ! game is discov]$1 if x happ5 to be on ! lee side1 ! hunt] %\ld endeavor1 by mak+ a wide det\r1 to get ^u ! opposite side1 z he w f9d x impossible to approa* )9 rifle range ) ! w9d4 ,:5 ! animal is ^u a hill1 or 9 any o!r position :]e he c n be approa*$ )\t dang] ( di/urb+ him1 ! hunt] %\ld wait until he moves (f to m favorable gr\nd1 & ?is w n g5]ally require mu* "t1 z !y w&] ab\t a great deal :5 n graz+2 he !n pickets 8 horse1 & approa*es cauti\sly1 seek+ to scre5 himself z mu* z possible by ! undulations 9 ! surface1 or beh9d su* o!r objects z may pres5t !mselves2 b if ! surface %\ld (f] no cov]1 he mu/ crawl ^u 8 h&s & knees :5 ne> ! game1 & 9 ?is way he c g5]ally get )9 rifle range4 ,%\ld !re be sev]al animals toge!r1 & 8 fir/ %ot take effect1 ! hunt] c (t5 get sev]al o!r %ots be=e !y become fright5$4 ,a ,delaw>e ,indian & myself once kill$ five buffaloes out ( a small h]d be=e ! rema9d] 7 s mu* di/urb$ z to move away2 al?\gh we 7 )9 ! %ort di/ance ( tw5ty y>ds1 yet ! reports ( our rifles did n fright5 !m 9 ! lea/1 & !y cont9u$ graz+ dur+ all ! "t we 7 load+ & fir+4 ,! s5se ( smell+ is exce$+ly acute ) ! buffalo1 & !y w take ! w9d f ! hunt] at z great a di/ance z a mile4 ,:5 ! animal is w\nd$1 & /ops1 x is bett] n to g ne> him until he lies d[n1 z he w (t5 run a great di/ance if di/urb$2 b if left to himself1 w 9 _m cases die 9 a %ort "t4 ,! tongues1 humps1 & m>r[-bones are reg>d$ z ! *oice p>ts ( ! animal4 ,! tongue is tak5 out by ripp+ op5 ! sk9 betwe5 ! prongs ( ! l[] jaw-bone & pull+ x out ?r\gh ! orifice4 ,! hump may be tak5 (f by sk9n+ d[n on ea* side ( ! %\ld]s & cutt+ away ! meat1 aft] :i* ! hump-ribs c be unjo9t$ :]e !y unite ) ! sp9e4 ,! m>r[1 :5 roa/$ 9 ! bones1 is delici\s4 ,,! ,,de]4 ,( all game quadrup$s indig5\s to ?is cont95t1 ! common r$ de] is probably m widely disp]s$ f nor? to s\? & f ea/ to we/ ov] our va/ possessions ?an any o!r4 ,!y are f\nd 9 all latitudes f ,hudson's ,bay to ,mexico1 & !y clamb] ov] ! mo/ elevat$ peaks ( ! we/]n si]ras ) ! same ease t !y range ! ea/]n =e/s or ! ev]glades ( ,florida4 ,9 summ] !y crop ! grass ^u ! summits ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & 9 w9t]1 :5 ! sn[ falls deep1 !y desc5d into %elt]$ valleys1 :]e !y fall an easy prey to ! ,indians4 ,besides ! common r$ de] ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 two o!r v>ieties are f\nd 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 viz41 ! black-tail$ de]1 :i* takes its "n f ! fact ( its hav+ a small tuft ( black hair ^u ! end ( its tail1 & ! long-tail$ species4 ,! =m] ( ^! is consid]ably l>g] ?an ! ea/]n de]1 & is mu* d>k]1 be+ ( a v deep-yell[i% iron-gray1 ) a yell[i% r$ ^u ! belly4 ,x frequ5ts ! m\nta9s1 & is nev] se5 f> away f !m4 ,its habits are simil> to ^? ( ! r$ de]1 & x is hunt$ 9 ! same way4 ,! only diff]5ce ,i h be5 able to disc]n betwe5 ! long-tail$ v>iety & ! common de] is 9 ! l5g? ( ! tail & body4 ,i h se5 ?is animal only 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 b x may resort to o!r localities4 ,al?\gh ! de] are /ill abundant 9 _m ( our =e/ di/ricts 9 ! ea/1 & d n appe> to decrease v rapidly1 yet !re has )9 a few ye>s be5 a v evid5t dim9ution 9 ! numb]s ( ^? frequ5t+ our ,we/]n prairies4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ,s\!rn ,texas 9 #ahdf1 ?\s&s ( de] 7 met ) daily1 &1 a/oni%+ z x may appe>1 x 0 no uncommon spectacle to see f "o to two hundr$ 9 a s+le h]d2 ! prairies seem$ lit]ally alive ) !m2 b 9 #ahee x 0 seldom t a h]d (t5 0 se5 9 ! same localities4 ,x seem$ to me t ! va/ h]ds fir/ met ) c\ld n h be5 kill$ (f by ! hunt]s 9 t sp>sely-populat$ section1 & ,i 0 puzzl$ to "k :at _h become ( !m4 ,x is possible !y may h mov$ (f into ,mexico2 !y c]ta9ly are n 9 our t]ritory at ! pres5t "t4 ,tw5ty ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 de]-hunt+ has taught me sev]al facts relative to ! habits ( ! animal :i*1 :5 well und]/ood1 w be f\nd ( mu* s]vice to ! inexp]i5c$ hunt]1 & greatly contribute to 8 success4 ,! be/ t>get-%ots are n necess>ily ! mo/ skillful de]-/alk]s4 ,"o ( ! great secrets ( ?is art is 9 kn[+ h[ to approa* ! game )\t giv+ al>m1 & ?is c n easily be done unless ! hunt] sees x be=e he is himself discov]$4 ,!re are s _m objects 9 ! woods resembl+ ! de] 9 color t none b a practic$ eye c (t5 detect ! diff]5ce4 ,:5 ! de] is repos+ he g5]ally turns 8 head f ! w9d1 9 :i* position he c see an enemy approa*+ f t direction1 & 8 nose w apprise him ( ! pres5ce ( dang] f ! opposite side4 ,! be/ me?od ( hunt+ de]1 !re=e1 is across ! w9d4 ,:ile ! de] are fe$+1 e>ly 9 ! morn+ & a %ort "t be=e d>k 9 ! ev5+ are ! be/ times to /alk !m1 z !y are !n busily occupi$ & less on ! al]t4 ,:5 a de] is espi$ ) 8 head d[n1 cropp+ ! grass1 ! hunt] advances cauti\sly1 keep+ 8 eyes con/antly direct$ ^u him1 & scre5+ himself beh9d int]v5+ objects1 or1 9 ! abs5ce ( o!r cov]1 crawls along ^u 8 h&s & knees 9 ! grass1 until ! de] he>s 8 /eps & raises 8 head1 :5 he mu/ in/antly /op & rema9 9 an attitude fix$ & motionless z a /atue1 = ! animal's vision is 8 ke5e/ s5se4 ,:5 al>m$ he w detect ! slighte/ movem5t ( a small object1 &1 unless ! hunt] /&s or lies p]fectly /ill1 8 pres5ce w be detect$4 ,if ! hunt] does n move1 ! de] w1 aft] a %ort "t1 recov] f 8 al>m & resume 8 graz+1 :5 he may be aga9 approa*$4 ,! de] always exhibits 8 al>m by a sudd5 j]k+ ( ! tail j be=e he raises 8 head4 ,i once saw a ,delaw>e ,indian walk directly up )9 rifle range ( a de] t 0 fe$+ ^u ! op5 prairie & %oot him d[n2 he 01 h[ev]1 a long "t 9 approa*+1 & made frequ5t halts :5ev] ! animal flirt$ 8 tail & rais$ 8 head4 ,al?\gh he (t5 turn$ t[>d ! hunt]1 yet he did n appe> to notice him1 probably tak+ him = a /ump or tree4 ,:5 ! de] are ly+ d[n 9 ! smoo? prairie1 unless ! grass is tall1 x is difficult to get ne> !m1 z !y are g5]ally look+ ar\nd1 & become al>m$ at ! lea/ noise4 ,! ,indians are 9 ! habit ( us+ a small in/rum5t :i* imitates ! bleat ( ! "y fawn1 ) :i* !y lure ! doe )9 range ( _! rifles4 ,! "y fawn gives out no sc5t ^u its track until x is suffici5tly gr[n to make good runn+1 & in/9ct tea*es ! "m t ?is wise provision ( nature to pres]ve ! helpless little quadrup$ f ! ravages ( wolves1 pan!rs1 & o!r c>nivor\s bea/s1 w be defeat$ if %e rema9s ) x1 z h] tracks c n be conceal$4 ,%e !re=e hides h] fawn 9 ! grass1 :]e x is almo/ impossible to see x1 ev5 :5 v ne> x1 goes (f to "s neighbor+ ?icket )9 call1 & makes h] b$ alone4 ,! ,indian pot-hunt]1 :o is b little scrupul\s z to ! means he employs 9 accompli%+ 8 ends1 s\nds ! bleat along ne> ! places :]e he ?9ks ! game is ly+1 & ! unsuspici\s doe1 :o imag9es t h] (fspr+ is 9 di/ress1 ru%es ) headlong impetuosity t[>d ! s\nd1 & (t5 goes )9 a few y>ds ( ! hunt] to receive h] dea?-w\nd4 ,?is is cruel sport1 & c only be ju/ifi$ :5 meat is sc>ce1 :i* is v frequ5tly ! case 9 ! ,indian's l>d]4 ,x does n always comport ) a man's feel+s ( security1 especially if he happ5s to be a little n]v\s1 to s\nd ! de]-bleat 9 a wild region ( c\ntry4 ,i once und]took to exp]im5t ) ! in/rum5t myself1 & made my fir/ essay 9 attempt+ to call up an antelope :i* ,i discov]$ 9 ! di/ance4 ,i succe$$ admirably 9 lur+ ! w>y victim )9 %oot+ range1 _h rais$ ^u my knees1 & 0 j 9 ! act ( pull+ trigg]1 :5 a ru/l+ 9 ! grass on my left drew my att5tion 9 t direction1 :]e1 mu* to my surprise1 ,i beheld a huge pan!r )9 ab\t tw5ty y>ds1 b\nd+ ) gigantic /rides directly t[>d me4 ,i turn$ my rifle1 & 9 an in/ant1 mu* to my relief & gratification1 its cont5ts 7 lodg$ 9 ! he>t ( ! bea/4 ,_m m51 :5 !y sudd5ly enc\nt] a de]1 are seiz$ ) n]v\s excitem5t1 call$ 9 sport+ p>lance ! buck fev]1 :i* causes !m to fire at r&om4 ,not)/&+ ,i h _h mu* exp]i5ce 9 hunt+1 ,i mu/ confess t ,i am nev] entirely free f "s ( ! symptoms ( ?is malady :5 fir+ at l>ge game1 & ,i believe t 9 f\r out ( five cases :]e ,i h miss$ ! game my balls h pass$ too high4 ,i h endeavor$ to obviate ?is by sight+ my rifle l[1 & x has be5 att5d$ ) m successful results4 ,! same rem>ks apply to mo/ o!r m5 ,i h met )4 ,!y fire too high :5 excit$4 ,,! ,,antelope4 ,?is animal frequ5ts ! mo/ elevat$ bleak & nak$ prairies 9 all latitudes f ,mexico to ,oregon1 & con/itutes an important item ( subsi/5ce ) _m ( ! ,prairie ,indians4 ,x is ! mo/ w>y1 timid1 & fleet animal t inhabits ! ,pla9s4 ,x is ab\t ! size ( a small de]1 ) a heavy coat+ ( co>se1 wiry hair1 & its fle% is m t5d] & juicy ?an t ( ! de]4 ,x seldom ent]s a timb]$ c\ntry1 b seems to delight 9 cropp+ ! grass f ! elevat$ swells ( ! prairies4 ,:5 di/urb$ by ! travel]1 x w circle ar\nd him ) ! spe$ ( ! w9d1 b does n /op until x rea*es "s prom95t position :5ce x c survey ! c\ntry on all sides1 & no?+ seems to escape its ke5 vision4 ,!y w sometimes /& = a long "t & look at a man1 provid$ he does n move or g out ( sight2 b if he goes beh9d a hill ) ! int5tion ( pass+ ar\nd & gett+ ne>] to !m1 he w nev] f9d !m aga9 9 ! same place4 ,i h (t5 tri$ ! exp]im5t1 & inv>iably f\nd t1 z soon z ,i w5t :]e ! antelope c\ld n see me1 he mov$ (f4 ,_! s5se ( he>+1 z well z vision1 is v acute1 :i* r5d]s x difficult to /alk !m4 ,by tak+ advantage ( ! cov] af=d$ 9 brok5 gr\nd1 ! hunt] may1 by mov+ sl[ly & cauti\sly ov] ! cre/s ( ! irregul>ities 9 ! surface1 sometimes approa* )9 rifle range4 ,! antelope possesses a great] degree ( curiosity ?an any o!r animal ,i "k (1 & w (t5 approa* v ne> a /range object4 ,! exp]i5c$ hunt]1 tak+ advantage ( ?is peculi>ity1 lies d[n & secretes himself 9 ! grass1 aft] :i* he raises 8 h&k]*ief1 h&1 or foot1 s z to attract ! att5tion ( ! animal1 & ?us (t5 succe$s 9 beguil+ him )9 %oot+ di/ance4 ,9 "s valleys ne> ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :]e ! pa/urage is good dur+ ! w9t] season1 !y collect 9 imm5se h]ds4 ,! ,indians are 9 ! habit ( surr\nd+ !m 9 su* localities & runn+ !m ) _! horses until !y tire !m out1 :5 !y slay l>ge numb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,call+ ,,up ,,antelopes4 ,! antelope makes a track mu* %ort] ?an ! de]1 v broad & r\nd at ! heel1 & q %>p at ! toe2 a little exp]i5ce r5d]s x easy to di/+ui% !m4 ,,! ,,be>4 ,besides ! common black be> ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 sev]al o!rs are f\nd 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,cali=nia1 ,oregon1 ,utah1 & ,new ,mexico1 viz41 ! grizzly1 br[n1 & c9namon v>ieties2 all h ne>ly ! same habits1 & are hunt$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,f all ,i _h he>d ( ! grizzly be>1 ,i 0 induc$ to believe him "o ( ! mo/ =midable & savage animals 9 ! univ]se1 & t ! man :o w\ld delib]ately enc\nt] & kill "o ( ^! bea/s _h p]=m$ a signal feat ( c\rage :i* entitl$ him to a l(ty position among ! vot>ies ( ,nimrod4 ,s firmly _h ,i become impress$ ) ?is conviction1 t ,i %\ld h be5 v reluctant to fire ^u "o _h ,i met him :5 alone & on foot4 ,! grizzly be> is assur$ly ! mon>* ( ! ,am]ican =e/s1 &1 s f> z physical /r5g? is conc]n$1 he is p]haps )\t a rival 9 ! _w2 b1 aft] "s exp]i5ce 9 hunt+1 my op9ions reg>d+ 8 c\rage & 8 will+ness to attack m5 h v mat]ially *ang$4 ,9 pass+ ov] ! elevat$ table-l&s ly+ betwe5 ! two =ks ( ! ,platte ,riv] 9 #aheh1 ,i enc\nt]$ a full-gr[n female grizzly be>1 ) two cubs1 v quietly repos+ ^u ! op5 prairie1 sev]al miles di/ant f any timb]4 ,?is be+ ! fir/ opportunity t _h ev] occurr$ to me = an enc\nt] ) ! urs9e mon/]1 & be+ imbu$ ) ! mo/ exalt$ notions ( ! bea/'s proclivities = (f5sive w>f>e1 especially :5 9 ! pres5ce ( h] (fspr+1 x may v ju/ly be imag9$ t ,i 0 r m excit$ ?an usual4 ,i1 h[ev]1 det]m9$ to make ! assault4 ,i felt ! utmo/ confid5ce 9 my horse1 z %e 0 afraid ( no?+2 &1 aft] arrang+ e ?+ ab\t my saddle & arms 9 good ord]1 ,i advanc$ to )9 ab\t eighty y>ds be=e ,i 0 discov]$ by ! be>1 :5 %e rais$ ^u h] haun*es & gave me a scrut9iz+ exam9ation4 ,i seiz$ ?is opportune mom5t to fire1 b miss$ my aim1 & %e />t$ (f1 foll[$ by h] cubs at _! utmo/ spe$4 ,aft] reload+ my rifle1 ,i pursu$1 &1 on com+ aga9 )9 range1 deliv]$ ano!r %ot1 :i* /ruck ! l>ge be> 9 ! fle%y "p ( ! ?igh1 :]eupon %e set up a mo/ di/ress+ h[l & accel]at$ h] pace1 leav+ h] cubs beh9d4 ,aft] load+ aga9 ,i gave ! spurs to my horse & resum$ ! *ase1 soon pass+ ! cubs1 :o 7 mak+ ! mo/ pla9tive cries ( di/ress4 ,!y 7 he>d by ! dam1 b %e gave no o!r he$ to !m ?an occasionally to halt = an in/ant1 turn ar\nd1 sit up on h] po/]iors1 & give a ha/y look back2 b1 z soon z %e saw me foll[+ h]1 %e inv>iably turn$ aga9 & r$\bl$ h] spe$4 ,i pursu$ ab\t f\r miles & fir$ f\r balls into h] be=e ,i succe$$ 9 br++ h] to ! gr\nd1 & f ! "t ,i fir/ saw h] until h] dea?-w\nd1 not)/&+ ,i 0 (t5 v close ^u h] heels1 %e nev] came to bay or made ! slighte/ demon/ration ( resi/ance4 ,h] sole purpose seem$ to be to make h] escape1 leav+ h] cubs 9 ! mo/ c[>dly mann]4 ,^u ?ree o!r diff]5t occasions ,i met ! m\nta9 be>s1 & once ! c9namon species1 :i* is call$ ! mo/ =midable ( all1 & 9 none ( ^! in/ances did !y exhibit ! slighte/ indication ( ang] or resi/ance1 b inv>iably ran f me4 ,su* is my exp]i5ce ) ?is =midable mon>* ( ! m\nta9s4 ,x is possible t if a man came sudd5ly ^u ! bea/ 9 a ?icket1 :]e x c\ld h no previ\s w>n+1 he might be attack$2 b x is my op9ion t if ! be> gets ! w9d or sight ( a man at any consid]able di/ance1 x w endeavor to get away z soon z possible4 ,i am s fully impress$ ) ?is idea t ,i %all h]eaft] hunt be> ) a feel+ ( z mu* security z ,i w\ld h 9 hunt+ ! buffalo4 ,! grizzly1 l ! black be>1 hyb]nates 9 w9t]1 & makes 8 appe>ance 9 ! spr+ ) 8 claws gr[n out long & v s(t & t5d]2 he is !n poor1 & unfit = food4 ,i h he>d a v curi\s fact /at$ by sev]al old m\nta9e]s reg>d+ ! m\nta9 be>s1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 ,i c n v\* =1 b x is giv5 by !m ) great app>5t s9c]ity & c&or4 ,!y ass]t t no in/ance has ev] be5 kn[n ( a female be> hav+ be5 kill$ 9 a /ate ( pregnancy4 ,?is s+ul> fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ! animal seems mo/ inexplicable to me1 unless %e rema9 conceal$ 9 h] brumal slumb] until aft] %e has be5 deliv]$ ( h] cubs4 ,i 0 told by an old ,delaw>e ,indian t :5 ! be> has be5 travel+ aga9/ ! w9d & wi%es to lie d[n1 he always turns 9 an opposite direction1 & goes "s di/ance away f 8 fir/ track be=e mak+ 8 b$4 ,if an enemy !n comes ^u 8 trail1 8 ke5 s5se ( smell w apprise him ( ! dang]4 ,! same ,indian m5tion$ t :5 a be> _h be5 pursu$ & s\ght %elt] 9 a cave1 he _h (t5 endeavor$ to eject him ) smoke1 b t ! be> w\ld advance to ! m\? ( ! cave1 :]e ! fire 0 burn+1 & put x out ) 8 paws1 !n retreat into ! cave aga94 ,?is w\ld indicate t ,bru9 is end[$ ) "s glimpses ( reason beyond ! ord9>y in/9cts ( ! brute creation 9 g5]al1 &1 inde$1 is capable ( disc]n+ ! connection betwe5 cause & effect4 ,not)/&+ ! extraord9>y intellig5ce :i* ?is quadrup$ exhibits ^u "s occasions1 ^u o!rs he %[s himself to be "o ( ! mo/ /upid brutes imag9able4 ,= example1 :5 he has tak5 possession ( a cav]n1 & ! c\rage\s hunt] ent]s ) a tor* & rifle1 x is said he w1 in/ead ( =cibly eject+ ! intrud]1 raise himself ^u 8 haun*es & cov] 8 eyes ) 8 paws1 s z to exclude ! light1 app>5tly ?9k+ t 9 ?is situation he c n be se54 ,! hunt] c !n approa* z close z he pleases & %oot him d[n4 ,,! ,,big-,,horn4 ,! big-horn or m\nta9 %eep1 :i* has a body l ! de]1 ) ! head ( a %eep1 surm\nt$ by an enorm\s pair ( %ort1 heavy horns1 is f\nd ?r\gh\t ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & resorts to ! mo/ inaccessible peaks & to ! wilde/ & lea/-frequ5t$ gl5s4 ,x clamb]s ov] almo/ p]p5dicul> cliffs ) ! greate/ ease & cel]ity1 & skips f rock to rock1 cropp+ ! t5d] h]bage t gr[s ^u !m4 ,x has be5 suppos$ by "s t ?is animal leaps d[n f crag to crag1 light+ ^u 8 horns1 z an evid5ce ( :i* x has be5 advanc$ t ! front "p ( ! horns is (t5 mu* batt]$4 ,?is ,i believe to be errone\s1 z x is v common to see horns t h no bruises ^u !m4 ,! old m\nta9e]s say !y h (t5 se5 ! bucks engag$ 9 desp]ate enc\nt]s ) _! huge horns1 :i*1 9 /rik+ toge!r1 made l\d reports4 ,?is w acc\nt = ! m>ks sometimes se5 ^u !m4 ,! fle% ( ! big-horn1 :5 fat1 is m t5d]1 juicy1 & delici\s ?an t ( any o!r animal ,i "k (1 b x is a bon b\*e :i* w n grace ! tables ( our city epicures until a railroad to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s af=ds ! means ( transport+ x to a m>ket a ?\s& miles di/ant f its haunts4 ,9 its habits ! m\nta9 %eep greatly resembles ! *amois ( ,switz]l&1 & x is hunt$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! hunt] trav]ses ! mo/ inaccessible & brok5 localities1 mov+ along ) great caution1 z ! lea/ unusual noise causes !m to flit away l a phantom1 & !y w be se5 no m4 ,! animal is greg>i\s1 b x is seldom t m ?an eight or t5 are f\nd 9 a flock4 ,:5 n graz+ !y seek ! %elt]$ sides ( ! m\nta9s1 & repose among ! rocks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ne$les4 ,betwe5 ,cayetano ,m\nta9s & ! ,san ,juan ,riv]--,si]ra de la ,plata1 or ,silv] ,m\nta9s1 9 ! di/ance4 ,,it9]>ies4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,it9]>ies3 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,di/ances ,,betwe5 ,,camp+-,,places1 ,,! ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,roads1 ,,& ,,! ,,facilities ,,= ,,obta9+ ,,wood1 ,,wat]1 ,,& ,,grass ,,on ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,r\tes ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,mississippi ,,riv] ,,& ,,! ,,pacific ,,ocean4 ,no4 ,page ,i4 ,f ,=t ,smi?1 ,arkansas1 to ,santa ,fe & ,albuqu]que1 ,new ,mexico4 ,by ,capta9 ,r4 ,b4 ,m>cy1 ,u4,s4,a4 #beg ,,ii4 ,f ,=t ,leav5wor? to ,santa ,fe1 by ! way ( ! upp] f]ry ( ! ,kansas ,riv] & ! ,cim>ron #bfj ,,iii4 ,camp+-places ^u a road discov]$ & m>k$ out f ,=t ,smi?1 ,arkansas1 to ,dona ,ana & ,el ,paso1 ,new ,mexico1 9 #ahdi4 ,by ,capta9 ,r4 ,b4 ,m>cy1 ,u4,s4,a4 #bfc ,,iv4 ,f ,leav5wor? ,city to ,great ,salt ,lake ,city #bff ,v4 ,f ,salt ,lake ,city to ,sacram5to & ,b5icia1 ,cali=nia #bgc ,,vi4 ,f ,great ,salt ,lake ,city to ,los ,angeles & ,san ,francisco1 ,cali=nia #bgg ,,vii4 ,f ,=t ,bridg] to ! ,city ( ,rocks4 ,f ,capta9 ,h&cock's ,j\rnal #bgi ,,viii4 ,f ,soda ,spr+s to ! ,city ( ,rocks1 kn[n z ,hudspe?'s ,cut-(f #bhb ,,ix4 ,sublet's ,cut-(f1 f ! junction ( ! ,salt ,lake & ,=t ,hall ,roads #bhb ,x4 ,f ,lawson's ,mead[s1 on ! ,humboldt ,riv]1 to ,=t ,read+1 via ,rogue ,riv] ,valley1 ,=t ,lane1 ,oregon ,t]ritory1 ,yreka1 & ,=t ,jones #bhc ,,xi4 ,f ,soda ,spr+s to ,=t ,wallah ,wallah & ,oregon ,city1 ,oregon1 via ,=t ,hall #bhe ,,xii4 ,r\te = pack tra9s f ,john ,day's ,riv] to ,oregon ,city #bhh ,,xiii4 ,f ,indianola & ,p[d]-horn to ,san ,antonio1 ,texas #bhh ,,xiv4 ,wagon-road f ,san ,antonio1 ,texas1 to ,el ,paso1 ,n4,m41 & ,=t ,yuma1 ,cali=nia #bhi ,,xv4 ,f ,=t ,yuma to ,san ,diego1 ,cali=nia #bib ,,xvi4 ,f ,el ,paso1 ,new ,mexico1 to ,=t ,yuma1 ,cali=nia1 via ,santa ,cruz #bid ,,xvii4 ,f ,we/port1 ,miss\ri1 to ! gold digg+s at ,pike's ,peak & ,*]ry ,creek1 ,n4,t41 via ! ,arkansas ,riv] #bie ,,xviii4 ,f ,/4 ,paul's1 ,m941 to ,=t ,wallah ,wallah1 ,oregon #cjb ,,xix4 ,lieut5ant ,e4 ,f4 ,beale's r\te f ,albuqu]que to ! ,colorado ,riv] #cjg ,,xx4 ,capta9 ,:ipple's r\te f ,albuqu]que1 ,new ,mexico1 to ,san ,p$ro1 ,cali=nia #cjh ,,xxi4 ,f ,=t ,yuma to ,b5icia1 ,cali=nia4 ,f ,lieut5ant ,r4 ,s4 ,williamson's ,report #cae ,,xxii4 ,a new r\te f ,=t ,bridg] to ,camp ,floyd1 op5$ by ,capta9 ,j4 ,h4 ,simpson1 ,u4,s4,a41 9 #aheh #cag ,,xxiii4 ,f ,=t ,?orne1 ,new ,mexico1 to ,=t ,yuma1 ,cali=nia #cah ,,xxiv4 ,lieut5ant ,bryan's ,r\te f ! ,l>amie ,cross+ ( ! ,s\? ,platte to ,=t ,bridg]1 via ,bridg]'s ,pass #cbj ,,xxv4 ,wagon-r\te f ,d5v] ,city1 at ! ,m\? ( ,*]ry ,creek1 to ,=t ,bridg]1 ,utah #cbc ,,xxvi4 ,f ,nebraska ,city1 on ! ,miss\ri1 to ,=t ,ke>ney #cbf ,,xxvii4 ,f ,camp ,floyd1 ,utah1 to ,=t ,union1 ,new ,mexico4 ,by ,colonel ,w4 ,w4 ,lor+1 ,u4,s4,a4 #cbg ,,xxviii4 ,wagon-r\te f ,guaymas1 ,mexico1 to ,tubac1 ,arizona4 ,f ,capta9 ,/one's ,j\rnal #ccc ,i4--,f ,=t ,smi?1 ,arkansas1 to ,santa ,fe & ,albuqu]que1 ,new ,mexico4 ,by ,capta9 ,r4 ,b4 ,,m>cy1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,miles4 ,=t ,smi? to #ae4 ,/rickl&'s ,f>m4--,! road crosses ! ,poteau ,riv] at ,=t ,smi?1 :]e !re is a f]ry2 x !n foll[s ! ,poteau bottom = t5 miles4 ,?is "p ( ! road is v muddy aft] heavy ra9s4 ,at #ad miles x passes ! ,*octaw ,ag5cy1 :]e !re are sev]al /ores4 ,!re is ! greate/ abundance ( wood1 wat]1 & grass at all camps = ! fir/ #bjj miles4 ,:]e any ( ^! are want+ x w be specially m5tion$4 ,! road passes ?r\gh ! ,*octaw settlem5ts = ab\t #aej miles1 & corn & supplies c be pur*as$ f ^! ,indians at reasonable rates4 #aa4 ,camp ,creek4--,road crosses a prairie ( ?ree miles 9 l5g?1 !n ent]s a heavy =e/4 ,! camp is on a small bran*1 ) grass pl5ty 9 a small prairie ab\t #djj y>ds to ! left ( ! road4 #ab4 ,coon ,creek4--,road passes ?r\gh ! timb]1 & is muddy 9 a ra9y season4 #ab4 ,sans ,bois ,creek4--,prairie ne>2 "s ,*octaw h\ses at ! cross+4 #ad4 ,b5d ( ,sans ,bois ,creek4--,indian f>m4 #ae4 ,s\? ,=k ( ,canadian1 or ,ga9's ,creek4--,road trav]ses a v r\gh & hilly region4 ,!re is a =d & a f]ry ^u ! creek4 ,indian f>m on ! we/ bank4 #ab4 ,fir/ =d ( ,coal ,creek4--,road crosses ov] a roll+ prairie1 & at f\r miles ! ,=t ,wa%ita road turns to ! left4 ,second =d ( ,coal ,creek4--,indian f>m4 #d4 ,little ,c$> ,m\nta94--,v r\gh1 m\nta9\s road4 #f4 ,/ony ,po9t4--,v r\gh1 m\nta9\s road4 #e4 ,%awnee ,village4--,sev]al ,indian h\ses4 #ad4 ,%awnee ,t[n4--,road passes sev]al small prairies4 ,indian settlem5t2 /ore on opposite bank ( ,canadian ,riv]1 ne> ! camp4 #ba4 ,delaw>e ,m\nta94--,road passes ov] a v beautiful c\ntry1 ) small /reams ( good wat] frequ5t1 & good camps4 ,x crosses small prairies & groves ( timb]4 #e4 ,boggy ,riv]4--,road passes a c\ntry simil> to t m5tion$ above4 #c4 ,cle> ,creek4--,road turns to ! "r ne> a prom95t r\nd m\nd4 ,beautiful c\ntry1 div]sifi$ ) prairies & timb]$ l&s4 #g4 ,bran* ( ,top(ki ,creek4--,beautiful c\ntry & f9e roads4 #i-a_/b4 ,cane ,creek4--,excell5t camp4 #e4 ,small ,bran*4--,road passes ab\t two miles f ! old ,camp ,arbuckle1 built by ,capta9 ,m>cy 9 #ahec1 s9ce occupi$ by ,black ,beav] & sev]al ,delaw>e families4 #aa-a_/b4 ,mu/ang ,creek4--,road runs on ! divid+ ridge betwe5 ! wat]s ( ! ,wa%ita & ,canadian1 on a high prairie4 #ag-a_/b4 ,*oteau's ,creek4--,road passes on ! high prairie opposite ,*oteau's old trad+-h\se1 & leaves ! out] limits ( ! ,indian settlem5ts4 ,excell5t road1 & good camps at %ort di/ances4 #aa-c_/d4 ,*oteau's ,creek4--,road runs up ! creek2 is smoo? & good4 #ab-c_/d4 ,head ( ,*oteau's ,creek4--,road runs up ! creek1 & is good4 #ag-a_/d4 ,bran* ( ,wa%ita ,riv]4--,road runs ov] an elevat$ prairie c\ntry1 & passes a small bran* at six miles f la/ camp4 #e-c_/d4 ,bran* ( ,spr+ ,creek4--,good camp4 #af4 ,head ( ,spr+ ,creek4--,road trav]ses a high prairie c\ntry1 is smoo? & firm4 #ac4 ,r$ ,m\nds4--,road runs ov] a high roll+ prairie c\ntry1 & is excell5t4 #e4 ,bran* ( ,wa%ita ,riv]4--,good road4 #ae-c_/d4 ,bran* ( ,canadian4--,road cont9ues on ! ridge divid+ ! ,wa%ita & ,canadian riv]s2 is smoo? & firm4 #ag-c_/d4 ,bran* ( ,wa%ita ,riv]4--,road cont9ues on ! divide4 #ah4 ,bran* ( ,canadian4--,road cont9ues on ! divide f "o to f\r miles f ! ,canadian4 #ai4 ,on ,canadian ,riv]4--,good road4 #af4 ,little ,wa%ita ,riv]4--,good road2 timb] becom+ sc>ce4 #ac4 ,bran* ( ,canadian4--,good road4 #ag-a_/b4 ,antelope ,buttes4--,road runs along ! ,canadian bottom1 & 9 places is s&y4 #ad4 ,ru% ,lake4--,small pond on ! prairie4 ,no wood )9 half a mile2 "s buffalo *ips2 poor wat]4 #af4 ,bran* ( ,wa%ita ,riv]4--,good road on ! divide4 #aj-a_/d4 ,dry ,riv]4--,road desc5ds a v long hill1 & crosses ! dry riv] ne> ! ,canadian4 ,wat] c be f\nd by digg+ ab\t a foot 9 ! s& ( ! creek4 ,good grass on ! we/ bank4 #ag4 ,bran* ( ,canadian4--,road w9ds up a v long & abrupt hill1 b is smoo? & firm4 #bb-a_/b4 ,timb]$ ,creek4--,road passes ov] a v elevat$ prairie c\ntry1 & desc5ds by a long hill into ! beautiful valley ( ,timb]$ ,creek4 #aa-a_/b4 ,spr+ ,bran*4--,good camp4 #ad4 ,spr+ ,bran*4--,good camp4 #ag-c_/d4 ,bran* ( ,canadian4--,road passes a small bran* #c-a_/b miles f ! la/ camp4 #ah-c_/h4 ,bran* ( ,canadian4--,road passes a small bran* ( ! ,canadian at #h miles f ! la/ camp4 #ag-g_/h4 ,spr+ ,bran*4--,good road4 #i-a_/b4 ,bran* ( ,canadian4--,good road & camp4 #ah-a_/b4 ,bran* ( ! ,canadian4--,good road & camp4 #aj-a_/d4 ,pools ( ,wat]4--,good camp4 #aj4 ,l>ge ,pond4--,good camp4 #be4 ,pools ( ,wat]4--,no wood2 wat] bracki%4 ,! road passes ov] a v elevat$ & dry c\ntry1 )\t wood or wat]4 #ah-a_/b4 ,head ( ,bran*4--,at #ac-a_/b miles ! road crosses a bran* ( ! ,canadian4 #ai-c_/d4 ,laguna ,colorado4--,road "h falls into an old ,mexican c>t-road4 ,good spr+s on ! left up ! creek1 ) wood & grass abundant4 #g4 ,pools ( ,wat]4--,road runs ?r\gh c$>s4 #aj-c_/h4 ,paj>ito ,creek4--,grass beg9s to be r %ort 9 places1 b is abundant on ! creek4 #ac-a_/b4 ,gall5as ,creek4--,good camp4 #ae4 #b;d ,gall5as ,creek4--,good road4 #af-a_/b4 ,pecos ,riv] at ,anton ,*ico4--,?is is ! fir/ settlem5t aft] leav+ ,camp ,arbuckle4 ,corn & vegetables c be pur*as$ "h4 ,grass is g5]ally %ort "h4 #ae4 ,pecos ,riv] opposite ,que/a4--,road runs ?r\gh ! c$>1 & is firm & good4 ,camp is 9 sight ( ! t[n ( ,que/a1 ^u a v elevat$ bluff4 #ba-c_/d4 ,laguna ,colorado4--,road passes ?r\gh a wood$ c\ntry = a portion ( ! di/ance1 b leaves x be=e rea*+ camp1 :]e !re is no wood1 b wat] g5]ally suffici5t = tra9s4 ,9 v dry seasons x has be5 kn[n to fail4 ,! road =ks "h1 ! "r lead+ to ,santa ,fe via ,gali/io 7#de-a_/b miles71 & ! left to ,albuqu]que4 #bb-a_/b4 ,san ,antonio4--,good road4 #ah-c_/d4 ,albuqu]que4--,good road4 ,total di/ance f ,=t ,smi? to ,albuqu]que1 #had-c_/d miles4 ,total di/ance f ,=t ,smi? to ,santa ,fe1 #hai miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ii4--,f ,=t ,leav5wor? to ,santa ,fe1 by ! way ( ! upp] f]ry ( ! ,kansas ,riv] & ! ,cim>ron4 ,9 ?is table ! di/ances1 tak5 by an odomet]1 are giv5 9 miles & hundr$?s ( a mile4 ,! measur$ di/ances betwe5 ! cross+ ( ! ,arkansas & ,santa ,fe are f ,major ,k5drick's publi%$ table4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass are f\nd at all po9ts :]e ! abs5ce ( !m is n /at$4 ,miles4 ,f ,=t ,leav5wor? to #b4hh4 ,salt ,creek4 #i4ei4 ,/rang]'s ,creek4 #ac4ed4 ,/rang]'s ,creek4 #i4fj4 ,gras%opp] ,creek4 #f4ej4 ,gras%opp] ,creek4 #b4hf4 ,gras%opp] ,creek4 #b4fj4 ,gras%opp] ,creek4 #d4ed4 ,soldi]'s ,creek4 #b4de4 ,upp] ,f]ry1 ,kansas ,riv]4 #g4da4 ,pottawatomie ,settlem5t4 #e4ge4 ,pottawatomie ,creek4 #c4hi4 ,:ite ,wak>ussi ,creek4 #g4gh4 ,:ite ,wak>ussi ,creek4 #f4bg4 ,:ite ,wak>ussi ,creek4 #j4gc4 ,road f ,indep5d5ce4--,no place to encamp4 #e4gb4 ,:ite ,wak>ussi ,creek4 #b4ea4 ,:ite ,wak>ussi ,creek4 #b4hb4 #adb-mile ,creek4 #g4hj4 ,bluff ,creek4 #e4gg4 ,rock ,creek4 #e4jh4 ,big ,john ,spr+4 #b4bi4 ,c\ncil ,grove4 #g4ig4 ,elm ,creek4--,wat] g5]ally4 #h4jf4 ,diamond ,spr+4 #a4db4 ,diamond ,creek4 #ae4df4 ,lo/ ,spr+4--,no wood4 #i4be4 ,mud ,creek4--,wat] unc]ta92 no wood4 #g4gf4 ,cottonwood ,creek4 #f4af4 ,wat] ,holes4--,wat] g5]ally2 no wood4 #ab4dd4 ,big ,turkey ,creek4--,no wat]4 #g4hc4 ,little ,turkey ,creek4--,wat] unc]ta92 no wood4 #ah4ai4 ,little ,arkansas ,riv]4 #aj4fj4 ,owl ,creek4--,wat] g5]ally 9 holes above & bel[ cross+4 #f4ci4 ,little ,c[ ,creek4--,wat] only occasionally4 #b4ic4 ,big ,c[ ,creek4--,wat] holes1 #aj miles 7e/imat$74 ,wat] unc]ta92 no wood4 #ah4bd4 ,b5d ( ! ,arkansas4 #f4ff4 ,walnut ,creek4 #af4ce4 ,pawnee ,rock4--,teams sometimes camp ne> "h1 & drive /ock to ! ,arkansas to wat]4 ,no wood4 #e4bh4 ,a% ,creek4--,wat] above & bel[ cross+1 unc]ta94 #f4fe4 ,pawnee ,=k4--,be/ grass "s di/ance above cross+4 ,f ,pawnee ,=k to ! l[] cross+ ( ! ,arkansas1 a di/ance ( #ih-a_/b miles1 conv5i5t camp+-places c be f\nd along ! ,arkansas2 ! mo/ prom95t localities are !re=e only m5tion$4 ,a supply ( fuel %\ld be laid 9 at ,pawnee ,=k to la/ till y pass ,=t ,mann1 ?\gh x may be obta9$1 b inconv5i5tly1 f ! opposite side ( ! ,arkansas4 ,dry ,r\te bran*es (f at #c-a_/b miles 7e/imat$74 ,?is r\te jo9s ! ma9 "o aga9 #aj miles ?is side ( ,=t ,mann4 ,x is said to be a good "o1 b defici5t 9 wat] & )\t wood4 #aa4dc4 ,coon ,creek4 #df4eh4 ,jackson's ,isl&4 #e4ja4 ,dry ,r\te comes 94 #aj4je4 ,=t ,mann4 #be4cd4 ,l[] ,cross+ ( ! ,arkansas4--,! ,b5t's ,=t ,r\te bran*es (f at ?is po9t4 ,= ! di/ances ^u ?is r\te1 see next table4 ,a supply ( wood %\ld be got f ?is vic9ity to la/ till y rea* ,c$> ,creek4 #ae4fh4 ,wat]-hole4--,wat] unc]ta92 no wood4 #cj4jb4 ,two ,wat]-holes4--,wat] unc]ta92 no wood4 #ad4ad4 ,l[] ,cim>ron ,spr+s4--,no wood4 #bj4jj4 ,pools ( ,wat]4--,wat] unc]ta92 no wood4 #ai4jb4 ,middle ,spr+s ( ! ,cim>ron4--,no wood4 #ab4ic4 ,little ,cross+ ( ! ,cim>ron4--,no wood4 #ad4aj4 ,upp] ,cim>ron ,spr+s4--,no wood4 ,pools ( wat]1 #g miles 7e/imat$74 ,no wood4 #ai4je4 ,cold ,spr+4--,a tree "h & !re 9 ! vic9ity4 ,pools ( wat]1 #aa miles 7e/imat$74 ,wat] unc]ta92 no wood4 #af4ac4 ,c$> ,creek4--,m',nees' ,creek1 #aj miles 7e/imat$74 ,wat] indiff]5t & unc]ta92 scant pa/ure2 no wood4 ,arroyo del la ,s5a1 #b-a_/b miles 7e/imat$74 ,no wat]4 #ba4ii4 ,cottonwood ,creek4--,no wat]4 ,arroyo del ,burro1 #e miles 7e/imat$74 #ae4ag4 ,rabbit-e> ,creek4--#aj miles 7e/imat$71 spr+s4 ,r\nd ,m\nd1 #h miles 7e/imat$74 ,no wat]2 no wood2 no camp+-place4 ,rock ,creek1 #aj miles 7e/imat$74 ,graz+ scant2 no wood4 #bf4dj4 ,:et/one ,creek4--,spr+2 no wood4 ,arroyo ,don ,c>los1 #aj-a_/b miles 7e/imat$74 ,wat]1 etc41 to ! left ( ! road4 #ad4ac4 ,po9t ( ,rocks4--,wat] & grass up ! canon1 j aft] cross+ ! po9t2 scatt]+ %rub c$>s on ! neighbor+ heights4 #af4fb4 ,s&y ,arroyo4--,wat] unc]ta92 no wood4 ,cross+ ( ,canadian ,riv]1 #d-c_/d miles 7e/imat$74 ,graz+ above ! cross+2 will[s4 #aj4je4 ,rio ,ocate4--,wood #a_/c ( a mile to "r ( road2 grass 9 ! canon4 ,pond ( wat]1 #ac-a_/b miles 7e/imat$74 ,no wood4 #ai4fe4 ,wagon ,m\nd4--,santa ,cl>a ,spr+s4 ,wood br\ght f ! ,rio ,ocate4 ,rio del ,p]ro 7,rock ,creek71 #ag-a_/b miles 7e/imat$74 #ba4fb4 ,canon del ,lobo4--,rio ,moro1 #c-a_/b miles 7e/imat$74 ,rio ,sapillo1 #a mile 7e/imat$74 ,! ,b5t's ,=t ,r\te comes 9 "h4 #ah4jj4 ,las ,vegas4--,=age pur*asable4 #ac4je4 ,tacolote4--,=age pur*asable4 ,ojo ,v]nal1 #e miles 7e/imat$74 ,no grass to speak (4 #ad4jj4 ,san ,miguel4--,=age pur*asable2 no grass4 #ba4ha4 ,ru9s ( ,pecos4--,graz+ v scant4 ,cottonwood ,creek1 #d-a_/b miles 7e/imat$74 ,wat] unc]ta92 no grass4 #ac4da4 ,/one ,corral4--,no grass4 #aj4hj4 ,santa ,fe4--,=age pur*asable2 no graz+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iii4--,camp+-places ^u a road discov]$ & m>k$ out f ,=t ,smi?1 ,arkansas1 to ,dona ,ana & ,el ,paso1 ,new ,mexico1 9 #ahdi4 ,by ,capta9 ,r4 ,b4 ,,m>cy1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,miles4 ,=t ,smi? to #fe4 ,s\? ,=k ( ! ,canadian4--,! road f ,=t ,smi? to ! ,s\? ,=k ( ! ,canadian foll[s ! same track z ! road to ,albuqu]que & ,santa ,fe1 & by ref]5ce to ! tables ( di/ances = t road ! int]m$iate camps w be f\nd4 #ae4 ,prior's ,/ore4--,grass1 wood1 & wat] ne>4 #ag-a_/b4 ,little ,boggy4--,good camp4 ,:]ev] !re are n ! requisites ( wood1 wat]1 & grass = encamp+1 x w be specially not$2 :5 !y are n m5tion$ !y w always be f\nd4 #ac4 ,little ,boggy4--,good camp4 #ae-a_/b4 ,boggy ,depot4--,/ore & blacksmi?'s %op4 #ab-c_/e4 ,blue ,riv]4--,! road passes ov] a flat section1 :i* is muddy aft] ra9s4 #h-a_/b4 ,=t ,wa%ita4--,good camp half a mile be=e rea*+ ! =t4 ,! road =ks at ! ,indian village on ! ,boggy1 ! left be+ ! mo/ direct4 ,!re are settl]s along ! road1 :o w give all necess>y in=mation to /rang]s4 ,corn pl5ty4 #bb4 ,pre/on ,texas1 on ,r$ ,riv]4--,! road f ,=t ,wa%ita runs ?r\gh ! ,indian settlem5ts1 pass+ _m places :]e good camps may be f\nd1 & crosses ! ,r$ ,riv] at ,pre/on4 ,!re is a f]ry "h2 also /ores & a blacksmi?'s %op4 #bj4 ,m',c>ty's4--,road runs ?r\gh a heavy-timb]$ c\ntry1 cross+ sev]al /reams :]e !re are good camps4 #ad-b_/e4 ,elm ,=k ( ! ,tr9ity1 at ,ga9esville4--,road passes ov] a section div]sifi$ by prairies & groves ( timb]4 #ab4 ,elm ,=k ( ,tr9ity4--,good camp4 #aa4 ,elm ,=k ( ,tr9ity4--,excell5t camps4 ,road passes ov] a beautiful c\ntry rapidly settl+ up ) f>m]s1 :o cultivate & sell gra9 at l[ rates4 #i4 ,turkey ,creek4--,tribut>y ( ,r$ ,riv]4 ,road em]ges f ! upp] ,cross ,timb]s two miles f camp4 #bf-c_/d4 ,buffalo ,spr+s4--,spr+s ( good wat]1 b ( limit$ am\nt1 9 a rav9e4 #ab4 ,on a ,rav9e4--,pools ( good wat] & a small runn+ /ream1 n reliable4 #ac-a_/b4 ,on a ,rav9e4--,pools ( wat]4 #ag-a_/d4 ,on a ,rav9e4--,pools ( wat]4 #ag-a_/d4 ,runn+ bran* ( ,cottonwood ,spr+4--,bran* ab\t two feet wide1 good wat]2 wood ab\t half a mile di/ant4 #ad4 ,=t ,belknap4--,good road ?r\gh po/-oak timb]4 ,c\nty seat & t[n at ,=t ,belknap4 ,good camp on ! we/ side ( ! ,brazos1 :i* is always =dable except 9 v high wat]4 #ad4 ,small ,bran*4--,wat] 9 holes4 #ah4 ,wat]-holes4--,pools ( wat]4 ,road passes ov] prairie & timb]$ l&s1 is v smoo? & level4 #g-a_/b4 ,/em's ,f>m1 on ,cle> ,=k ( ! ,brazos ,riv]4--,good road2 excell5t camp1 ) abundance ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,indian res]vation "h4 #ac4 ,elm ,creek1 or ,qua-qua-ho-no4--,good road ov] roll+ prairie & mesquite l&s4 #ag4 ,rav9e4--,pools ( /&+ wat]4 ,good road4 #ah4 ,rav9e4--,pools ( /&+ wat]4 ,good road4 #bg4 ,small ,creek4--,tribut>y ( ! ,brazos4 ,good road4 #f4 ,pools ( ,wat]4--,good camp4 #h-a_/b4 ,small ,bran*4--,good wat]4 #bj-a_/b4 ,tribut>y ( ! ,colorado4--,bracki% wat]4 #c-a_/d4 ,rio ,colorado4--,bracki% wat]4 ,road v excell5t4 #ab-a_/aj4 ,spr+ on ! ,road4--,good wat]4 #bb-i_/aj4 ,big spr+ to ! left ( ! road1 af=d+ a great am\nt ( wat]1 :i* runs (f 9 a small /ream4 #bc4 ,laguna ,colorado4--,wat] some:at sulphur\s2 fuel mesquite roots2 grass abundant4 #ce4 ,mu/ang ,pond4--,?is pond is nor? ( ! road ab\t two miles1 & 0 f\nd 9 #ahdi1 b emigrants & o!rs h n be5 able to f9d x s9ce4 ,= ?is reason ,i w\ld advise travel]s to fill _! wat]-kegs at ! ,laguna ,colorado1 z 9 a v dry season !y might n be able to get any wat] until !y rea* ! ,s& ,hills4 ,! road is excell5t ov] ! ,llano ,e/acado1 or ,/ak$ ,pla94 #cd-a_/b4 ,s& ,hills4--,wat] 9 holes4 ,! wat] is good "h1 & c always be reli$ on z p]man5t4 ,! road ?r\gh ! ,s& ,hills is v heavy1 & ,i w\ld advise travel]s ) load$ wagons to make half loads4 #ca-a_/b4 ,laguna ne> ! ,pecos ,riv]4--,road passes ?r\gh ! hills1 & desc5ds ! high prairie to ! valley ( ! ,pecos4 ,laguna on ! left4 #ae-e_/h4 ,cross+ ( ,pecos4--,wat] deep & n =dable2 riv] #db y>ds wide4 ,a road leads up ! ea/]n bank ( ! ,pecos to a =d ) rock bottom4 ,good camps c be _h at almo/ any po9t on ! ,pecos4 ,! wat] is bracki%1 b c be us$ )\t h>m4 #ed-a_/b4 ,pecos ,riv]4--,po9t ( ! riv] :]e ! road turns (f t[>d ,delaw>e ,creek4 #i-a_/h4 ,delaw>e ,creek4--,good road aft] leav+ ! ,pecos ,riv]4 ,! road on ! ,pecos is good 9 ! bottom 9 v dry wea!r1 b aft] heavy ra9s x is subm]g$ & v muddy4 ,travel]s %\ld !n turn (f to ! bluffs4 ,! wat] 9 ,delaw>e ,creek is bracki%4 #aa-g_/h4 ,ojo de ,san ,m>t94--,f9e spr+ ( fre% wat]1 also m9]al spr+4 ,good road up ,delaw>e ,creek4 #ae-c_/aj4 ,indep5d5ce ,spr+4--,l>ge spr+ ( excell5t wat]4 ,look out = ,indians4 #e-a_/aj4 ,ojo del ,cam9s4--,good spr+ 9 ! p9e timb] at ! base ( ! m\nta94 #d-a_/b4 ,peak ( ! ,guadalupe4--,spr+ at ! foot ( ! m\nta94 ,road desc5ds ! m\nta91 & is v /eep4 #bc-g_/h4 ,ojo del ,cu]bo4--,road desc5ds ?r\gh a v r\gh & s9u\s rav9e1 & crosses a long prairie to camp at a pond ( /&+ wat]4 ,no wood4 #bf4 ,cornudas 7,wells74--,well 9 ! rocks2 pl5ty ( wat] = small p>ties4 ,road good4 #h-c_/d4 ,si]ra del ,alamo4--,road good2 wat] limit$ 9 quantity4 ,!re is a small spr+ ^u ! side ( ! m\nta94 ,no wood except a few mesquite roots4 #bb-a_/d4 ,waco ,tanks4--,good wat] 9 a l>ge res]voir 9 ! rocks4 ,! road "h bran*es1 ! left lead+ to ,el ,paso & ! "r to ,dona ,ana4 #bh4 ,el ,paso1 on ! ,rio del ,norte4--,road good1 ) "s s&2 no wat] ^u x4 ,! di/ance f ! ,waco ,tanks to ,dona ,ana is #fc miles1 b #dj miles ( ! road is ov] heavy s&1 & no wat] until rea*+ ! m\nta91 #be miles f ,dona ,ana4 ,i w\ld recomm5d travel]s to take ! ,el ,paso road 9 pref]5ce4 ,total di/ance f ,=t ,smi? to ,el ,paso1 #hfj miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iv4--,f ,leav5wor? ,city to ,great ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,miles4 ,leav5wor? ,city to #c4 ,salt ,creek4--,good camp2 wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ab4 ,cold ,spr+4--,to ! "r ( ! road1 9 a deep rav9e1 pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ab4 ,small ,bran*4--,to ! nor? ( ! road1 9 an arroya1 good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,"h ent]s ! road f ,at*eson1 #f miles di/ant4 #af-b_/c4 ,gras%opp] ,creek4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #i-a_/b4 ,walnut ,creek4--,road passes a t[n call$ ,:itehead1 #d miles f la/ camp4 ,wat] 9 pools1 b #c_/d ( a mile bel[ is a f9e spr+2 pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ag4 ,gras%opp] ,creek4--,good camp1 ) wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ab-a_/b4 ,big ,nemehaw1 two miles above ,ri*l&4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass ne> ! creek4 #aa4 ,wat]-holes4--,on ! ridge1 at ! head ( a rav9e1 are wood1 wat]1 & grass1 b 9 a dry "t !re w\ld be b little wat]4 #aj-c_/d4 ,v]milion ,creek4--,wat] 9 ! creek n good1 b !re is a good well ( cold wat] ne> ! road4 ,wood & grass good4 #ba-a_/b4 ,big ,blue ,riv]4--,upp] cross+1 good =d2 pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,f9e cle> /ream1 #fj y>ds wide4 #ag-a_/b4 ,bran* ( ! ,big ,blue4--,camp half a mile nor? ( ! road2 good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ae4 ,turkey1 or ,rock ,creek4--,good spr+ #djj y>ds to ! nor? ( ! road4 ,/ore at ! cross+4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ai4 ,big ,s&y4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass good4 #ai4 ,little ,blue ,riv]4--,road runs across ! hills )\t wat] until rea*+ camp4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ah-c_/d4 ,little ,blue ,riv]4--,camp is at ! po9t :]e ! road turns (f f ! creek4 ,good camps may be f\nd any :]e on ! ,little ,blue1 ) excell5t wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,f9e runn+ /ream4 #ae4 ,little ,blue ,riv]4--,road /rikes ! creek aga91 & keeps x to ! camp4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ai4 ,elm ,creek4--,road leaves ! ,little ,blue1 & runs along a divide to ! head ( ,elm ,creek1 :]e we f\nd wat] 9 holes1 ) "s few trees2 grass good4 #bj4 ,platte ,riv]4--,road crosses "o small bran*1 :]e !re is wat] except 9 a dry season4 ,good camp on ! ,platte1 ) wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ae4 ,=t ,ke>ney4--,good camp ab\t two miles f ! =t1 ^u ! ,platte1 ei!r above or bel[2 grass1 wood1 & wat] abundant4 #ag4 ,platte ,riv]--,road runs along ! riv]1 :]e !re is pl5ty ( grass1 & occasionally a few cottonwood-trees4 ,"h ! buffalo g5]ally beg9 to be se51 & ! travel] c always get a pl5ty ( buffalo-*ips along 9 ?is section4 #af-c_/d4 ,on ,plum ,creek4--,road runs along ! ,platte to ,plum ,creek1 :]e !re is a little wood1 ) good grass & wat]4 ,mail /ation at ! cross+ ( ,plum ,creek4 #bb-a_/c4 ,on ,platte ,riv]4--,road runs along ! ,platte bottom aft] cross+ ,plum ,creek1 & is good except 9 wet wea!r4 ,! road occasionally comes ne> ! ,platte1 &1 al?\gh ! timb] becomes ?91 yet places are f\nd :]e fuel c be obta9$4 ,grass is pl5ty at all po9ts4 #bc4 ,on ,platte ,riv]4--,road cont9ues along ! riv] valley ov] a flat c\ntry :]e ! wat] /&s 9 ponds1 & is boggy 9 wet wea!r4 ,camps occasionally on ! riv]1 b little fuel4 ,grass & wat] good4 #ad4 ,on ,platte ,riv]4--,road cont9ues along ! valley1 ) ! same "* z be=e1 b m timb]4 ,camp opposite ,brady's ,isl&4 ,pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ag-a_/d4 ,sl\gh4--,on ! ,prairie4 ,road runs f "o to ?ree miles f ! riv]4 ,no wood all day2 pl5ty ( grass1 & buffalo-*ips = cook+4 #ae-a_/d4 ,platte ,riv]4--,road crosses ,o',fallon's ,bluffs1 :]e !re is a good camp+-place on ! "r ( ! road4 ,pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass on a small /ream1 :i* is "p ( ! ,platte4 ,mail /ation "h4 #af-a_/b4 ,s\? ,platte ,riv]4--,road runs along ! ,platte1 ) no timb]4 ,good grass & wat] at any po9t1 ) buffalo-*ips = fuel4 #ag4 ,s\? ,platte ,riv]4--,no timb] all day4 ,good wat] & grass at all po9ts1 ) buffalo-*ips4 #h4 ,s\? ,platte ,cross+4--,no wood all day4 ,good wat] & grass1 ) buffalo-*ips4 ,! riv] is ab\t #fjj y>ds wide1 rapid1 ) quicks& bottom1 b c be =d$ :5 n above a m$ium /age4 ,x is be/ to s5d a footman ahead to asc]ta9 ! dep? ( wat] be=e cross+ ! wagons & animals4 #ai4 ,a% ,holl[1 at ,nor? ,platte ,riv]4--,road leaves ! ,s\? ,=k ( ! ,platte1 & /rikes ov] ! high prairie = #af miles1 :5 x desc5ds ! high bluffs bord]+ ! valley ( ! ,nor? ,platte1 & ent]s ,a% ,holl[1 :]e !re is a pl5ty ( wood & a small spr+ ( wat]4 ,half a mile beyond ?is ! road rea*es ! riv]4 ,mail /ation & a small groc]y "h4 #af-c_/d4 ,nor? ,platte4--,v s&y road2 no wood2 grass & wat] pl5ty at all po9ts2 buffalo-*ips suffici5t = cook+4 #ag4 ,nor? ,platte4--,road s&y 9 places2 no wood2 good grass & wat]2 "s buffalo-*ips4 #af-a_/b4 ,nor? ,platte4--,road good2 no wood2 good grass & wat]2 cattle-*ips 9 places4 #ah-c_/d4 ,nor? ,platte4--,no wood4 ,camp opposite ,*imney ,rock1 :i* is a v peculi> =mation on ! s\? ( ! road1 & resembles a *imney4 ,grass good4 ,road muddy aft] ra9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*imney ,,rock4 #ag-a_/b4 ,nor? ,platte4--,no wood2 grass & wat] good4 #af4 ,horse ,creek1 bran* ( ! ,nor? ,platte4--,9 sev5 miles ! road passes ?r\gh ,scott's ,bluffs1 :]e !re is g5]ally wat] 9 ! fir/ rav9e ab\t #bjj y>ds bel[ ! road4 ,! road !n desc5ds ! m\nta91 at ! foot ( :i* is ! ,platte & a mail /ation4 ,a little wood c be obta9$ at ,scott's ,bluffs2 !re is none on ,horse ,creek4 #ad-a_/d4 ,nor? ,platte4--,road foll[s ! riv] bottom all day4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass on ! riv]4 #ab4 ,=t ,l>amie4--,road r\gh & rocky 9 places4 ,!re are wood & wat] pl5ty1 & be=e _m tra9s h pass$ ! grass is good above ! =t4 ,mail /ation & po/-(fice "h1 ) a sutl]'s /ore well /ock$ ) su* articles z ! travel] wants4 #aj4 ,nor? ,platte4--,road good1 b hilly 9 places4 ,camp is 9 ! riv] bottom1 ) pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,hot spr+ two miles above "h4 #ad4 ,bitt] ,creek4--,!re are two roads1 bo? ( :i* lead to ,salt ,lake4 ,! upp] or s\? road is be/ 9 ! spr+ or 9 wet wea!r4 ,i travel$ ! l[] road4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass are good4 #ag-c_/d4 ,horse-%oe ,creek4--,f9e camp1 ) excell5t wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,! road "h =ks1 "o pass+ to ! left ov] ! hills1 & ! o!r runn+ ne>] ! ,platte4 #bj-a_/b4 ,nor? ,platte ,riv]4--,good road along ne> ! riv]4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,road crosses ! riv] at #ab-a_/b miles4 #bj-a_/d4 ,nor? ,platte ,riv]4--,road crosses ! riv] aga91 & ! camp is two miles above ! m\? ( ,la ,prell ,creek4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ai4 ,nor? ,platte ,riv]4--,road runs along ! riv]1 & is smoo? & good4 ,! camp is two miles above ! cross+ ( ,de] ,creek1 :]e !re is a blacksmi?'s %op & /ore4 ,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #af4 ,nor? ,platte ,riv]4--,good road1 ) wood1 wat]1 & grass at camp4 #ac4 ,nor? ,platte ,riv]4--,good road pass+ ! bridge1 :]e !re is a blacksmi?'s %op & /ore1 also a milit>y /ation & a mail /ation4 ,at two miles f camp ! road crosses ! riv] on a good =d ) rocky bottom4 ,! wood1 wat]1 & grass are abundant4 #bc4 ,r$ ,buttes1 on ! ,nor? ,platte4--,road is v hilly1 & 9 "s places s&y2 passes ,will[ ,spr+1 :]e !re is grass & a little wood4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass at camp4 ,mail /ation "h4 #aa4 ,sweet ,wat] ,creek4--,road leaves ! riv] at ! ,r$ ,buttes1 & /rikes ov] ! high roll+ prairie4 ,good grass & wat]1 b little wood at camp4 #ae4 ,on ,sweet ,wat] ,creek4--,road passes a blacksmi?'s %op & /ore at ! bridge six miles f camp1 & at #b-a_/b miles f ! camp x passes ! ,devil's ,gate & a mail /ation4 ,! ,sweet ,wat] "h runs betwe5 two p]p5dicul> cliffs1 pres5t+ a mo/ s+ul> & /rik+ appe>ance4 ,take wood at ! ,gate = camp4 ,good grass & wat] at all places on ,sweet ,wat] ,creek4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,devil',s ,,gate4 #bj4 ,sweet ,wat] ,creek4--,road muddy aft] ra9s1 & "s bad rav9es to cross4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass ( ! be/ quality at camp4 #ab4 ,sweet ,wat] ,creek4--,road runs along ! valley ( ! ,sweet ,wat]1 :]e !re is pl5ty ( wood & grass 9 places1 b little wood at ! camp not$4 #h4 ,on ,sweet ,wat]4--,road good2 no wood2 grass abundant4 #bj4 ,on ,sweet ,wat]4--,road good2 no wood4 #ag4 ,/rawb]ry ,creek4--,little wood2 grass & wat] abundant4 ,road leaves ,sweet ,wat]1 & asc5ds a v long hill :i* is v rocky4 #bj-a_/d4 ,s\? ,pass4--,road crosses ! divid+ ridge1 & /rikes ! ,pacific ,spr+1 :]e !re is excell5t wat] & good grass if _m cattle h n pass$1 9 :i* ev5t ! travel] _h bett] cont9ue on d[n ! creek :i* issues f ! spr+4 ,sage = fuel2 no wood4 #ae-c_/d4 ,dry ,s&y ,creek4--,grass sc>ce2 no wood2 "s sage & greasewood2 wat] bracki%1 b dr9kable2 road good4 ,"h ! travel] %\ld s5d ahead & h ! be/ spots ( grass f\nd1 z x is v sc>ce ?r\gh\t ?is section4 ,sublett's ,cut-(f turns (f "h = ,soda ,spr+s & ,=t ,hall4 ,take ! left = ,=t ,bridg] & ,salt ,lake ,city4 #ae4 ,little ,s&y ,creek4--,grass 9 spots along ! creek bottom1 & "s fuel4 #ah4 ,big ,s&y ,creek4--,grass 9 deta*$ spots on ! creek1 & little fuel4 #ba-a_/b4 ,gre5 ,riv]1 ,upp] ,=d4--,grass & fuel on ! riv]4 #g4 ,gre5 ,riv]1 at ! ,l[] ,=d4--,good grass & fuel bel[ ! =d4 ,f]ry 9 "t ( high wat]4 ,mail /ation & groc]y4 #af4 ,black's ,=k4--,good grass & fuel4 #g4 ,ham's ,=k4--,unit$ ,/ates bridge1 no toll4 ,good grass & fuel4 #ab4 ,black's ,=k4--,road =ks at ! cross+ ( ,black's ,=k1 bo? roads lead+ to ,=t ,bridg]4 ,?is it9]>y is ^u ! left-h& road1 :i* crosses ,black's ,=k two miles f ,ham's ,=k4 #ac4 ,smi?'s ,=k4--,good camps along ,black's ,=k at any place1 b ! road leaves ! /ream = sev]al miles4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass at ! conflu5ce ( ,black's & ,smi?'s ,=ks4 #ah-a_/d4 ,=t ,bridg]4--,good camps above & bel[ ! =t4 ,milit>y po/1 mail /ation1 & /ore4 ,muddy ,creek4--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 ,grass %ort aft] _m tra9s h pass$4 ,x is !n necess>y to g up ! creek to f9d good grass4 ,road passes a f9e spr+ #c miles back4 #ai4 ,be> ,riv]4--,good camps1 ) wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,good =d1 except 9 v high wat]4 ,sulphur ,creek two miles back4 #ai4 ,r$ ,=k4--,9 ,e*o ,canon1 two miles bel[ ,ca%e ,cave1 good grass & fuel2 wat] pl5ty4 #ai-a_/d4 ,web] ,riv]4--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 ,mail /ation4 ,unit$ ,/ates bridge = high wat]2 no toll4 #e-a_/d4 ,spr+ ,bran*4--,good camp4 ,road leaves ! riv]1 & takes ! left into a valley4 #i4 ,bau*m9's ,creek4--,road crosses ov] a m\nta91 & desc5ds to ! creek1 :]e !re is a good camp4 #ad4 ,big ,canon ,creek4--,road crosses ,bau*m9's ,creek #ac times 9 #h miles1 !n asc5ds ! m\nta9 along a small creek1 :i* is well wood$ & good grass4 #f4 ,emigration ,creek4--,road leaves ,canon ,creek1 & crosses ! two m\nta9s1 :i* are v /eep & long4 ,grass & wood be=e cross+ ! ,little ,m\nta94 #aj-a_/d4 ,great ,salt ,lake ,city4--,=age c be pur*as$ "h1 z well z mo/ ( ! articles ! travel] may require1 at high prices4 ,!re is no camp+-place )9 two miles ( ! city4 ,x is be/ = ^? :o encamp ) animals to cross ! ,jordan ,riv]1 or to /op ne> ! m\? ( ! canon be=e ent]+ ! city4 ,total di/ance f ,=t ,leav5wor? to ,salt ,lake ,city1 #aafh miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,v4--,f ,salt ,lake ,city to ,sacram5to & ,b5icia1 ,cali=nia4 ,miles4 ,f ,salt ,lake ,city to #ah4 ,hait's ,ran*4--,good road1 & grass abundant until ,be> ,riv] is cross$4 #ag-a_/d4 ,=d on ,web] ,riv]4--,good road1 & grass abundant4 #ae4 ,po9t ( ,m\nta94--,spr+ wat] w>m b pure4 #ab-c_/d4 ,box ,eld] ,creek4--,excell5t wat]2 grass & fuel abundant 9 ! canons4 #bc4 ,f]ry on ,be> ,riv]4--,f\r miles above ! usual cross+4 ,excell5t grass4 #c_/d4 ,we/ ,bank4--,grass n good on ! we/ bank4 #f4 ,small ,spr+4--,cross ,be> ,riv] bel[ ! m\? ( ! ,mallade4 #ag-a_/b4 ,blue ,spr+s4--,wat] & grass sc>ce1 & ( poor quality4 #ba-a_/d4 ,deep ,creek4--,heavy sage1 b good grass on ! "r ( ! road1 ne> s9k4 #bj-a_/b4 ,c$> ,spr+s4--,good grass on ! hills1 ) f9e wat] & wood2 roll+ c\ntry4 #aj4 ,rock ,creek4--,pl5ty ( grass to ! left ( ! road2 good camp+-place4 #ad-a_/b4 ,raft ,riv]4--,good camp4 #bb-a_/b4 ,goose ,creek ,m\nta9s4--,grass1 wood1 & wat] abundant2 r\gh & m\nta9\s c\ntry4 ,road f ,=t ,bridg] comes 9 "h via ,soda ,spr+s4 #ag-c_/d4 ,on ,goose ,creek4--,r\gh1 brok5 c\ntry1 ) a good road1 :i* runs along ! creek = sev]al miles4 #bh-a_/b4 ,head ( #ajjj ,spr+ ,valley4--,road runs ov] a roll+1 b>r5 section1 ) b little wat] except on ! riv] f> to ! "r4 #be-c_/d4 #ajjj ,spr+ ,valley4--,mead[ grass2 good fuel sc>ce4 ,camps c be f\nd at %ort int]vals along ! road4 #ad4 ,head ( ,humboldt ,riv]4--,f9e camp+-places1 & road g5]ally good1 runn+ ov] a roll+ c\ntry4 #bc4 ,sl\gh ( ! ,humboldt4--,ext5sive bottoms ( good grass4 #bj4 ,humboldt ,riv]4--,along ! entire c\rse ( ! ,humboldt good grass is f\nd 9 ! bottoms4 ,! road1 :i* foll[s ! bottom1 is h>d & smoo?1 b c n be travel$ 9 seasons ( v high wat]1 z ! bottom ov]fl[s4 ,x is !n necess>y to take ! road on ! bluffs1 :]e ! grass is sc>ce4 ,! riv]1 :5 n above a =d+ /age1 c be =d$ at almo/ any po9t1 & good camps c be f\nd at %ort int]vals4 ,!re are spots along ! riv] bottom :]e alkal9e ponds are frequ5t4 ,^! are poison\s to cattle1 & %\ld be avoid$ by travel]s4 ,x is well along ?is riv] n to all[ animals to dr9k any wat] except f ! riv] :]e x is runn+4 #bj4 ,humboldt ,riv]4--,! =ego+ rem>ks apply = e camp on ! ,humboldt ,riv]4 #bb4 ,humboldt ,riv]4--,good camps along ! ,humboldt ,valley4 #bc4 ,humboldt ,riv]4 #ac-a_/b4 ,humboldt ,riv]4 #af-a_/b4 ,humboldt ,riv]4 #be4 ,humboldt ,riv]4 #ac-c_/d4 ,humboldt ,riv]4 #bd4 ,humboldt ,riv]4 #bd-a_/b4 ,humboldt ,riv]4 #bj-a_/d4 ,humboldt ,riv]4 #ah-c_/d4 ,humboldt ,riv]4 #ac-a_/b4 ,humboldt ,riv]4 #ah-a_/d4 ,lawson's ,mead[s4--,! road "h =ks1 ! left go+ by ! ,c>son ,valley & ,sacram5to r\te1 & ! "r via ,goose1 ,cle>1 & ,rhett lakes1 ,applegate's ,pass ( ! ,cascade ,m\nta9s1 into ,rogue ,riv] ,valley1 ,=t ,law1 ,oregon ,t]ritory1 ,yreka1 ,=t ,jones1 ,=t ,read+1 & ,sacram5to ,riv]4 #cc-a_/b4 ,on ,humboldt ,riv]4--,grass & wat] poor all ! di/ance to ! ,s9k ( ! ,humboldt4 #ai-a_/b4 ,s9k ( ,humboldt ,riv]4--,! wat] at ! ,s9k is /rongly impregnat$ ) alkali2 ! road g5]ally is good4 ,travel]s %\ld n all[ _! /ock to dr9k too freely ( ?is wat]4 #bf4 ,head ,s9k ( ,humboldt4--,road good4 #de4 ,c>son ,riv]4--,road crosses ! des]t1 :]e !re is no wat] = /ock1 b !re is a well :]e travel]s c pur*ase wat] = dr9k+4 ,?is "p ( ! road %\ld be travel$ 9 ! cool ( ! day & at night4 ,grass good1 also ! wat]4 #b4 ,c>son ,riv]4--,good bun*-grass ne> ! road4 #cj4 ,c>son ,riv]4--#bf miles ( des]t2 poor grass4 #ad4 ,eagle ,ran*4--,good grass & wat]4 #ac4 ,reese's ,ran*4--,good grass & wat]4 #ab4 ,williams' ,ran*4--,v good wat] & grass4 #ae4 ,hope ,valley4--,road r\gh & rocky4 #c4 ,ne> ,si]ra4--,good camp1 ) wat] & grass4 #g4 ,fir/ ,summit4--,road r\gh & rocky2 good wat]2 grass sc>ce4 #b4 ,second ,summit4--,road m\nta9\s & v /eep2 sn[ ne>ly all ! ye>4 #aj4 ,lakes4--,good camp4 #ab4 ,leek ,spr+s4--,good grass ne> ! road4 #aj4 ,trad]'s ,creek4--,grass & fuel sc>ce4 #ab4 ,sly ,p>k4--,grass & fuel ne> ! road4 ,=ty ,mile ,h\se4--,wat] pl5ty2 grass sc>ce4 ,sacram5to ,valley4--,wat] pl5ty2 pur*ase =age4 ,sacram5to ,city4--,wat] pl5ty2 pur*ase =age4 ,total di/ance f ,salt ,lake ,city to ,b5icia1 #igc miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ! ,big ,mead[s1 #bc miles f ! ,s9k ( ! ,humboldt1 travel]s %\ld make a halt ( a day or two to re/ & recruit _! animals & to cut grass = cross+ ! des]t1 z ?is is ! la/ good camp+-place until rea*+ ,c>son ,riv]4 ,! gr\nd ne> ?is place is boggy1 & animals %\ld be wat]$ ) buckets4 ,! camp+-gr\nd "h is on ! "r bank ( ! riv]1 & ab\t half a mile to ! left ( ! ma9 road4 ,! wat] is 9 a sl\gh1 ne> its head1 :]e w be f\nd "s spr+s :i* run (f a %ort di/ance1 b soon s9k4 ,! road across ! des]t is v s&y1 especially t[>d ! we/]n extremity4 ,tw5ty miles f ! ,s9k ( ! ,humboldt !re are f\r wells4 ,ab\t half a mile ea/ ( ! mail /ation ! road lead+ to ! wells turns to ! "r1 :]e wat] c be pur*as$ = f "o to two %ill+s = ea* man & bea/4 ,at #i-a_/b miles beyond ! mail /ation1 on ! des]t1 a road turns (f f ! ma9 trace t[>d a v high s&y ridge1 & directly ^u ! top ( ?is ridge is ! crat] ( an ext9ct volcano1 at ! bottom ( :i* is a salt lake4 ,^u ! extreme nor? end ( ?is lake w be f\nd a l>ge spr+ ( fre% wat]1 suffici5t = #ajjj animals4 ,f !nce to ,ragt[n1 on ,c>son ,riv]1 is ?ree miles4 ,i w\ld advise travel]s1 :5 _! animals become exhau/$ be=e rea*+ ?is wat]1 to take !m out ( h>ness & drive !m to ?is place to recruit4 ,!re is "s grass ar\nd ! lake4 ,?is des]t has always be5 ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! j\rney to ,cali=nia1 & m animals h probably be5 lo/ "h ?an at any o!r place4 ,! p>ts ( wagons t are cont9ually met ) "h %[s ?is mo/ inconte/ably4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vi4--,f ,great ,salt ,lake ,city to ,los ,angeles & ,san ,francisco1 ,cali=nia4 ,miles4 ,salt ,lake ,city to #bj-e_/h4 ,will[ ,creek4--,good grass4 #ad4 ,am]ican ,creek4--,good grass4 #aa-a_/b4 ,provo ,city4--,t[n4 #g-a_/d4 ,hobble ,creek4--,good camp4 #f4 ,spani% ,=k4--,good camp4 #e4 ,peteetneet4--,good camp4 #be4 ,salt ,creek4--,sev]al small /reams betwe54 ,good camp4 #ah-e_/h4 ,toola ,creek4--,=d4 ,no wood2 grass good4 #f-a_/d4 ,sevi] ,riv]4--,road is s&y1 pass+ ov] a high ridge4 ,good camp4 #be-a_/b4 ,c$> ,creek4--,road r m\nta9\s & s&y4 ,good grass & wood4 #ag-a_/b4 ,creek4--,?is is ! f\r? /ream s\? ( ,sevi] ,riv]4 ,road crosses two /reams4 ,good camp4 #c-e_/h4 ,will[ ,flats4--,! wat] s9ks a little ea/ ( ! road4 #be4 ,spr+4--,good grass & wat]4 #bb-a_/d4 ,sage ,creek4--,grass poor2 wood & wat]4 #e-a_/h4 ,beav] ,creek4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #bg-a_/d4 ,nor? ,canon ,creek4--,9 ,little ,salt ,lake ,valley4 ,good grass2 no wood4 ,! road is r\gh & /eep = six miles4 #e-c_/h4 ,creek4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #f-c_/d4 ,creek4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ab-g_/h4 ,cottonwood ,creek4--,good grass & wat]4 #i4 ,c$> ,spr+s4--,good camp4 #bc4 ,pynte ,creek4--,good grass "o mile up ! canon4 #i4 ,road ,spr+s4--,road is r\gh2 good camp4 #af4 ,santa ,cl>a4--,road desc5d+ & r\gh2 poor grass4 ,f ?is po9t to ,cahoon ,pass look out = ,indians4 #ag-a_/h4 ,camp ,spr+s4--,two miles be=e rea*+ ! spr+s ! road leaves ! ,santa ,cl>a4 ,good grass4 #bb-g_/h4 ,rio ,virg94--,road crosses ov] ! summit ( a m\nta94 ,good road2 grass poor4 #ci-e_/h4 ,rio ,virg94--,road runs d[n ! ,rio ,virg91 cross+ x t5 times4 ,grass good d[n ! riv]4 #ai-e_/h4 ,muddy ,creek4--,road = half a mile is v /eep & s&y4 ,good camp4 #eb-e_/h4 ,las ,vegas4--,wat] is sometimes f\nd #b-a_/b miles we/ ( ! road 9 holes #bc miles f ! ,muddy1 & "s grass ab\t a mile f ! road4 ,good camp4 #e4 ,on ,vegas4--,road runs up ! riv]4 ,good grass4 #ag4 ,cottonwood ,spr+4--,poor grass4 #bi-c_/d4 ,cottonwood ,grove4--,no grass4 ,wat] & grass c be f\nd f\r miles we/ by foll[+ ! old ,spani% trail to a rav9e1 & !nce to ! left 9 ! rav9e "o mile4 #ba-c_/d4 ,re/+ ,spr+s4--,good grass & wat]4 ,animals %\ld be re/$ "h be=e ent]+ ! des]t4 #g4 ,spr+4--,! spr+ is on ! left ( ! road1 & fl[s into ,sal]atus ,creek4 ,animals mu/ n be all[$ to dr9k ! ,sal]atus wat]4 #ad-a_/h4 ,salt ,spr+s4--,poor grass & no fre% wat]4 #ch-c_/d4 ,bitt] ,spr+s4--,good road2 poor grass4 #cj-c_/d4 ,mohave ,riv]4--,good road & good grass4 #ea-a_/b4 ,on ! ,mohave4--,la/ =d4 ,good grass all ! way up ! ,mohave4 #ag4 ,cahoon ,pass4--,at ! summit4 #aj4 ,camp4--,road bad d[n ! canon4 #aa-a_/b4 ,coco ,mongo ,ran*4 #aj4 ,del ,*9o ,ran*4--,williams4 #ai-c_/h4 ,san ,gabriel ,riv]4 #f4 ,san ,gabriel ,mission4 #h-a_/d4 ,pueblo de los ,angeles4 #fe-c_/d4 ,santa ,cl>a ,riv]4--,on ! ,coa/ ,r\te4 ,good camps to ,san ,jose4 #g-a_/b4 ,bu5a ,v5tura ,mission & ,riv]4--,road "h /rikes ! ,pacific %ore4 #bf4 ,santa ,b>b>a4--,t[n4 #de-c_/d4 ,san ,y5ness ,riv]4--,at ! ,mission4 #gh-g_/h4 ,santa ,m>g>eta4--,old ,mission4 #bh-c_/h4 ,san ,miguel4--,old ,mission4 #bd-c_/d4 ,san ,antonio ,riv]4 #bf-c_/d4 ,rio del ,mont]ey4 #ae-e_/h4 ,solida ,mission4--,at ! =d ( ,rio del ,mont]ey4 #cg-a_/b4 ,san ,juan ,mission4 #cc4 ,san ,jose ,pueblo4 #ge4 ,san ,francisco4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vii4--,f ,=t ,bridg] to ! ,city ( ,rocks4 ,f ,capta9 ,h&cock's ,j\rnal4 ,miles4 ,=t ,bridg] to #i4 ,little ,muddy ,creek4--,wat] bracki% 9 pools along ! creek2 tall bun*-grass2 sage = fuel4 ,road runs ov] a b>r5 section1 is r\gh1 & passes "o /eep hill4 #ab-a_/c4 ,big ,muddy ,creek4--,! road1 ) ! exception ( two or ?ree bad gullies1 is good = t5 miles2 x !n foll[s ! ,big ,muddy bottom1 :i* is flat & boggy4 ,! camp is ?ree miles above ! cross+4 ,"s grass2 sage = fuel4 #ad-a_/e4 ,small ,bran* ( ! ,muddy ,creek4--,cross ! riv] 9 ?ree miles at a bad =d4 ,a mile above camp ! grass is good4 ,road g5]ally good4 #ai-a_/b4 ,on ,small ,creek4--,road cont9ues up ! ,muddy #i-a_/b miles to its head4 ,x !n asc5ds to ! divide betwe5 ,be> & ,gre5 ,riv]s1 probably #hjj feet1 9 #a-c_/e miles4 ,! desc5t on ! o!r side is ab\t ! same4 ,! road passes _m f9e spr+s4 ,at "o & two miles back x passes po9ts ( hills1 :]e x is v r\gh4 ,good grass & sage at camp4 #h-i_/aj4 ,be> ,riv]4--,bad creek to cross ne> ! camp2 !nce to ,be> ,riv] ,valley ! road is good4 ,x !n foll[s d[n ! riv]1 cross+ ,will[ ,creek4 ,good camp1 ) a l>ge1 f9e spr+4 #ag4 ,be> ,riv]4--,good road along ! riv]2 pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass at all po9ts4 ,foot ( ,grant's ,m\nta94--,road runs along ,be> ,riv]2 at #b-a_/b miles /rikes ,smi?'s ,=k1 a rapid tr\t /ream4 ,! road crosses ! l[] =d4 ,a few miles f>!r on is a bad sl\gh1 :i* c be avoid$ by tak+ a r\nd on ! hills4 ,cross ,?omas's ,=k on a bridge1 also a sl\gh ne> x2 toll #b4jj = ea* team & wagon4 ,! road !n leaves ,be> ,riv] ,valley1 & turns ov] a v /eep hill4 ,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #ab4 ,be> ,riv]4--,road asc5ds ,grant's ,m\nta9 #abjj feet 9 #a-a_/b miles--d\ble teams--!n desc5ds aga9 into ,be> ,riv] ,valley at #d-d_/e miles4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ag-b_/e4 ,indian ,creek4--,road crosses eight f9e spr+ bran*es2 camp is on a beautiful tr\t /ream4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #aa4 ,spr+ ne> ,be> ,riv]4--,road is hilly1 cross+ two spr+ bran*es4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,! camp is on ! left & ne> ! road4 #aa4 ,be> ,riv]4--,at #f-g_/aj miles ! road /rikes a l>ge gr\p ( spr+s call$ ,soda ,spr+s1 & "h crosses ,p9e ,creek1 on ! left bank ( :i* is a sal]atus lake4 ,soon aft] x /rikes ! ma9 spr+s1 & aft] cross+ ano!r creek ! ,/eam-boat ,spr+ may be se5 9 ! b$ ( ! riv]4 #ae4 ,port ,neuf1 or ,rock ,creek4--,at #b-c_/aj miles ! road leaves ,be> ,riv] ne> :]e x runs ?r\gh a canon ) high bluffs on ea* side4 ,at ?is po9t ! ,cali=nia & ,=t ,hall roads sep>ate4 ,! ,cali=nia road 7call$ ,hudspe?'s ,cut-(f7 !n crosses a valley betwe5 ! ,be> ,riv] & ,port ,neuf ,riv] ,m\nta9s1 #i miles4 ,no wat] f camp to camp4 ,good camp4 #ae4 ,m>% ,creek4--,ab\t two miles above ! ma9 road ! creek c be =d$2 a road leads to x f ! desc5t into ! valley4 ,road good2 wat] & grass pl5ty2 no wood4 #af-a_/e4 ,paunack ,creek4--,fir/ "p ( ! road is hilly2 ! rema9d] good4 ,good camp4 #g-a_/e4 ,mallade ,riv]4--,at #g-a_/e miles ! road crosses ! ,mallade ,riv]4 ,good camp #adj miles f ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,good road4 #bb-c_/aj4 ,small ,creek4--,! road asc5ds a ridge ?r\gh a canon1 & desc5ds to a valley on ! o!r side4 ,f ! camp to ! summit ( ! ridge is #f-a_/e miles4 ,! desc5t is #c-g_/aj miles4 ,x !n crosses a valley #h miles wide1 & /rikes a canon :i* leads to ! top ( a hill ov] a r\gh road4 ,pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass at camp1 b no wat] betwe5 ?is & ! la/ camp4 #i-c_/e4 ,small ,creek4--,road aft] five miles /rikes a canon ) a long b g5tle asc5t4 ,two miles f ! entrance ( ?is canon is a spr+ bran*4 ,!re is wood & "s grass & wat] at ?is place4 #aa-a_/e4 ,spr+ ,bran*4--,! road passes ?r\gh a canon1 & at #e miles /rikes ! head ( a spr+ bran*1 :i* x foll[s d[n #b-a_/b miles to ! junction ) a l>g] bran*1 :i* is bridg$4 ,at n9e t5?s ( a mile ano!r =k ent]s4 ,grass v f9e "h4 ,road foll[s d[n ?is across ! ma9 bran*1 & ! camp is #b miles bel[4 ,good camp4 #ah-a_/b4 ,decassure ,creek1 or ,raft ,riv]4--,road cont9ues d[n ! creek #b-c_/aj miles1 & crosses1 !n asc5ds by a /eep hill to an elevat$ sage pla91 leav+ ! creek at #aa-d_/e miles1 & passes a sl\gh ) wat]4 ,good camp4 #ag-i_/aj4 ,spr+ ,bran*4--,! road crosses ! creek ne> ! la/ camp1 & foll[s up a valley1 cross+ 9 five miles sev]al spr+ bran*es4 ,at #b-i_/aj miles x crosses ! creek aga91 & foll[s up ! valley two miles f>!r1 !n crosses a high sage pla9 #h-i_/aj miles long1 :5 x /rikes a spr+ #aej y>ds to ! left ( ! road1 :]e !re is an excell5t camp 9 a beautiful valley4 #aj4 ,junction ( ,salt ,lake ,city ,road4--,road passes sev]al small bran*es 9 #c miles1 !n comm5ces asc5d+ ?r\gh a canon :i*1 9 #b-a_/e miles1 leads to ! entrance to ! ,city ( ,rocks1 & passes ?r\gh ^! = ?ree miles4 ,x !n crosses a ridge1 leav+ ! ,city ( ,rocks1 & at t5 miles f la/ camp int]sects ! road f ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,at #a-b_/e miles beyond ?is a road leads (f to ! "r to a spr+ bran*1 #c miles1 :]e !re is a good camp ne> ! foot ( ,goose ,creek ,m\nta94 ,f ?is po9t ,cali=nia travel]s c ref] to ! it9]>y ( ! r\te f ,salt ,lake ,city to ,sacram5to4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,viii4--,f ,soda ,spr+s to ! ,city ( ,rocks1 kn[n z ,hudspe?'s ,cut-(f4 ,miles4 ,soda ,spr+s to #bj4 ,be> ,riv]4--,! road runs d[n ,be> ,riv]1 cross+ "s small /reams4 ,good camp4 #aj4 ,portn] ,creek4--,camp at ! head ( ! creek4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ab4 ,=k ( ,portn] ,creek4--,good camp4 #ae4 ,pauack ,creek4--,road crosses a summit4 ,good road & camp4 #ab4 ,snake ,spr+4--,good camp4 #ab4 ,u?a ,spr+4--,good camp4 #ae4 ,decassure ,creek4--,road crosses a small /ream2 r bad cross+4 ,good camp4 #ah4 ,city ( ,rocks4--,junction ( ,salt ,lake road4 ,good camp4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ix4--,sublets ,cut-(f1 f ! junction ( ! ,salt ,lake & ,=t ,hall ,roads4 ,miles4 ,junction to #g4 ,big ,s&y4 #dd4 ,gre5 ,riv]4--,f ! ,big ,s&y to ,gre5 ,riv] 7upp] road7 !re is an abundance ( grass 9 places along ! road1 b no wat]4 #f4 ,small ,creek4--,! road runs up ! creek4 ,good grass4 #d4 ,on ! ,creek4--,good grass & wat]4 #ab4 ,small ,spr+4--,! spr+ is on ! left ( ! road4 ,good grass4 #i4 ,ham's ,=k4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #f4 ,spr+4--,on ! summit ( a m\nta94 ,good grass4 #f4 ,muddy ,creek4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #aj4 ,spr+4--,9 ,be> ,riv] ,valley4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #f4 ,smi?'s ,=k4--,9 ,be>1 ,riv] ,valley4 ,good wood1 wat]2 & grass4 #aj4 ,tomaus' ,=k4--,road runs d[n ,be> ,riv]4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #g4 ,spr+ ,creek4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #g4 ,smi?'s ,=d4--,road crosses ov] a spur ( ! m\nta92 long & gradual asc5t2 desc5t r abrupt4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #h4 ,telleck's ,=k4--,road runs d[n ,be> ,riv]4 ,good camp4 #d4 ,small ,creek4--,good camp4 #d4 ,small ,creek4--,good camp4 #g4 ,small ,creek4--,good camp4 #ab4 ,soda ,spr+s4--,left side ( ! road1 among "s c$>s1 is a good camp4 ,"h take ! left-h& road to ,cali=nia1 call$ ,hudspe?'s ,cut-(f4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x4--,f ,lawson's ,mead[s1 on ! ,humboldt ,riv]1 to ,=t ,read+1 via ,rogue ,riv] ,valley1 ,=t ,lane1 ,oregon ,t]ritory1 ,yreka1 & ,=t ,jones4 ,miles4 ,lawson's ,mead[s to #ah-a_/b4 ,m\nta9 ,spr+4--,road leaves ! ,humboldt1 & takes a nor?we/]ly c\rse #ab miles to a spr+ ( good wat]4 ,good bun*-grass to ! left ( ! road1 & a small spr+ at ! camp4 ,! road is pla9 on leav+ ! riv]1 b aft] a few days x becomes fa9t4 ,road f ?is po9t passes ov] a des]t c\ntry = ab\t #fj miles1 )\t good wat] or mu* grass4 #ch-a_/b4 ,black ,rock ,spr+4--,road level & h>d1 ) little vegetation4 ,9 #ad miles pass spr+s1 b ! wat] is n good4 ,9 #af miles ! road passes a sl\gh :i* is difficult to cross2 wat] n good1 b c be giv5 to cattle 9 small quantities4 ,9 five miles f ?is ! road passes ,black ,rock1 m5tion$ by ,colonel ,fremont 9 8 trip f ,columbia ,riv] 9 #ahdc-d4 ,?ree miles f>!r pass boil+ spr+s1 v hot1 b good cool$4 ,grass pretty good4 #bj-a_/d4 ,m\nta9 ,rill4--,wat] good2 bun*-grass 9 ! vic9ity4 ,9 eight miles' travel ! road passes a beautiful creek ( pure wat]1 ) good grass4 #e-c_/d4 ,lake 7,m>%y74 #aj-a_/b4 ,high ,rock ,canon4--,?is canon is #be miles long1 ) wild & curi\s sc5]y4 ,road crosses ! creek frequ5tly1 & ! mud is bad4 ,9 ! autumn ! road is good4 #ad-c_/d4 ,high ,rock ,canon4 ,small ,creek4--,beautiful c\ntry1 ) ! greate/ abundance ( wat] & grass2 also fuel4 #be-a_/d4 ,p9e ,grove ,creek4--,road passes ov] an int]e/+ c\ntry1 well suppli$ ) wood1 wat]1 & grass1 & passes ar\nd ! s\? end ( a salt lake4 #ah-a_/b4 ,we/ ,slope ( ,si]ra4--,road passes ov] ! m\nta91 :i* is /eep b n rocky1 !n desc5ds to a small creek ( good wat] :i* runs into ,goose ,lake4 ,good grass & fuel4 ,look out = ! ,indians1 z !y are w>like & trea*]\s "h4 #g-c_/d4 ,ea/ %ore ( ,goose ,lake4--,excell5t camp4 #af-a_/d4 ,we/ %ore ( ,goose ,lake4--,?is is a beautiful %eet ( fre% wat]2 great quantities ( wat]-f[l resort to ?is lake4 #af-a_/d4 ,sl\gh ,spr+s4--,! road passes ov] a v rocky divide1 cov]$ ) loose volcanic debris1 v h>d = animals1 & we>+ to _! feet4 ,!y %\ld be well %od be=e attempt+ ! passage4 #ah-a_/b4 ,m>%y ,lake4--,road difficult = wagons4 #ae4 ,cle> ,lake4--,beautiful lake ( pure wat]1 ) good grass ar\nd its %ore4 #be-a_/d4 ,ea/ %ore ( ,rhett's ,lake4--,road tol]able ov] a roll+1 rocky c\ntry1 betwe5 lakes4 ,! road crosses ,lo/ ,riv] ov] a natural bridge1 on a solid1 smoo? l$ge ( rock4 #ai4 ,we/ %ore ( ,rhett's ,lake4--,pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass along ?is road4 #ba4 ,klama? ,riv]4--,road leaves ,rhett's ,lake1 & ent]s ! =e/ & m\nta9s2 tol]ably good4 ,good camp4 #ae-a_/d4 ,cascade ,m\nta9s4--,! road passes ov] high m\nta9s1 ?r\gh l(ty p9e-trees4 ,camp is at ,summit ,mead[s4 ,good wat] & grass1 also fuel4 #ad-a_/d4 ,we/]n slope ( ,cascade ,m\nta9s4--,r\gh roads4 #ai-a_/d4 ,rogue ,riv] ,valley4--,road desc5ds into ! settlem5ts 9 six miles1 :]e !re is a lovely f]tile valley1 well settl$ ) f>m]s4 #bc-c_/d4 ,=t ,lane4--,ne> ,table ,rock1 on ,rogue ,riv]1 eight miles f ,jacksonville4 ,dragoon po/4 #bb-c_/d4 ,rogue ,riv] ,valley4--,good camp4 #ah4 ,siskiy\ ,m\nta9s4--,road crosses ! ,siskiy\ ,m\nta9s1 & is difficult = wagons4 #ah4 ,yreka4--,fl\ri%+ m9+ city4 #ah4 ,=t ,jones4--,infantry po/1 9 ,scott's ,valley4 #bj4 ,scott's ,m\nta94--,good camp at ! foot ( ! m\nta94 ,road passes ov] ! m\nta9s1 b is impassable = wagons4 #ij4 ,%a/a ,city4--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #ahj4 ,sacram5to ,city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xi4--,f ,soda ,spr+s to ,=t ,wallah ,wallah & ,oregon ,city1 ,oregon1 via ,=t ,hall4 ,miles4 ,soda ,spr+s to #be4 ,portn] ,creek4--,good camp4 ,take ! "r-h& road4 #aj4 ,ross's ,creek4--,good camp4 #aj4 ,=t ,hall ,valley4--,good camp4 ,road runs d[n ! creek4 #h4 ,snake ,riv]4--,good camp4 ,road crosses ! riv] bottom4 #e4 ,=t ,hall4 #ae4 ,small ,bran*4--,camp is ?ree miles bel[ ! cross+ ( ,port ,neuf ,riv]1 :i* is =dable4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #aj4 ,am]ican ,falls4--,good camp4 #ac4 ,raft ,riv]4--,road r\gh & rocky4 ,sage = fuel2 grass sc>ce4 #ag4 ,b5d ( ,swamp ,creek4--,grass sc>ce4 #bj4 ,on ,snake ,riv]4--,road crosses ,swamp & ,goose ,creeks4 ,wood on ! hills2 grass %ort4 #be4 ,rock ,creek4--,road crosses "o small creek1 & is v r\gh & rocky = sev]al miles1 :5 x ent]s a s&y region1 :]e ! grass is sc>ce2 sage pl5ty1 & will[s on ! creek4 #bd4 ,snake ,riv]4--,road crosses sev]al small bran*es4 ,!re is b little grass except 9 n>r[ pat*es along ! riv] bottom4 #bf4 ,fi%+ ,falls4--,road v crook$ & r\gh1 cross+ two small /reams4 #bi4 ,snake ,riv]4--,road crosses sev]al small creeks1 b leaves ! ma9 riv] to ! nor?1 & runs ^u an elevat$ plateau4 ,good grass at camp4 #af4 ,snake ,riv] 7=d74--,road tortu\s2 =d good 9 l[ wat]4 #ai4 ,small ,bran*4--,road crosses ,snake ,riv]1 & foll[s up a small bran*1 leav+ ! riv] to ! left4 ,good grass4 ,road asc5ds to a high plateau1 :i* x keeps dur+ ! :ole di/ance4 #bf4 ,riv] ,aux ,ro*]s4--,road passes ,hot ,spr+s1 & is r\gh4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass pl5ty4 #bb4 ,small ,creek4--,road crosses two small bran*es1 & is v rocky1 b at camp grass1 wood1 & wat] are abundant4 #bc4 ,rio ,boise4--,road crosses "o small creek1 & foll[s along ! ,boise ,riv]4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #bf4 ,=t ,boise4--,road foll[s ! s\? bank ( ,boise ,riv] to ! =t4 #b4 ,=t ,boise4--,road crosses ,boise ,riv]4 ,good =d at ord9>y /ages4 ,grass good 9 ! riv] bottom4 #bj4 ,riv] ,aux ,mat!ws4--,good road4 ,grass abundant1 b co>se2 wood & wat] pl5ty4 #bg4 ,snake ,riv]4--,road passes ov] a r\gh c\ntry4 ,grass sc>ce & ( a poor quality4 #bj4 ,burnt ,riv]4--,road leaves ,snake ,riv]1 & takes across ,burnt ,riv]1 foll[+ up ! nor? side ( ?is to ! camp4 ,x is m\nta9\s & r\gh1 b ! grass is good1 & !re is wood along ! riv]4 #bb4 ,burnt ,riv]4--,road cont9ues up ! riv]1 & is /ill r\gh & m\nta9\s4 ,grass & wood pl5ty4 #bf4 ,small ,bran*4--,road passes ov] a divide to ,p[d] ,riv]4 ,x is /ill r\gh1 b gett+ bett]4 ,! grass is good4 #ac4 ,p[d] ,riv]4--,good road2 grass pl5ty4 #ba4 ,creek4--,road passes a divide1 cross+ sev]al small /reams1 & is smoo?1 ) pl5ty ( grass & fuel4 #bj4 ,creek4--,road crosses "o small bran*1 & is r r\gh4 ,! grass & fuel are good & abundant4 #ba4 ,creek4--,road foll[s d[n ! creek = t5 miles1 !n turns up a small bran*1 & is good4 ,!re is pl5ty ( grass & fuel4 #ab4 ,bran*4--,road crosses a divide & /rikes ano!r bran*4 #e4 ,small bran* ( ! ,umatilah ,riv]4--,good road1 ) pl5ty ( wood & grass4 #af4 ,bran* ( ,wallah ,wallah ,riv]4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ah4 ,wallah ,wallah ,riv]4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,columbia ,riv] at ,=t ,wallah ,wallah4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #aj4 ,butl] ,creek4--,good camp4 #ah4 ,wells's ,spr+4--,good camp4 #ab4 ,will[ ,creek4--,good camp4 #ac4 ,c$> ,spr+4--,good camp4 #f4 ,john ,day's ,riv]4--,good camp4 #e4 ,=ks ( ,road4--,no camp+4 ,left-h& road = wagons1 & "r-h& = pack tra9s4 ,?is it9]>y takes ! left4 #aj4 ,ouley's ,camp4--,good camp4 #ai4 ,soot's ,riv]4--,good camp4 #f4 ,fall ,riv]4--,good camp4 #aj4 ,utah's ,riv]4--,good camp4 #ah4 ,soot's ,riv]4--,good camp4 #f4 ,soot's ,riv]4--,good camp4 ,road foll[s up ! riv]1 cross+ x sev]al times4 #af4 ,s& ,riv] ,=k4--,good grass a mile & a half to ! left ( ! road4 #h4 ,good ,camp4 #ae4 ,royal ,hill ,camp4--,good camp4 #g4 ,s&y ,riv]4--,b little grass4 #de4 ,d[n ! ,riv]4--,good camps all ! di/ance4 #be4 ,oregon ,city4--,good camps all ! di/ance4 #ge4 ,salem4--,good camps all ! di/ance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xii4--,r\te = pack tra9s f ,john ,day's ,riv] to ,oregon ,city4 ,miles4 ,john ,day's ,riv] to #ag4 ,columbia ,riv]4--,f ,john ,day's ,riv] to ! =ks ( ! road1 & !nce by ! "r-h& =k to ! ,columbia4 ,good camp4 #b-a_/b4 ,soot's ,riv] ,f]ry4--,good camp4 #ae4 ,dalles4--,good camp4 #be4 ,dog ,riv]4--,good camp4 #ae4 ,cascade ,m\nta9s4--,"o bad place4 #i4 ,ouley's ,rock4--,good camp4 #bj4 ,image ,pla9 ,f]ry4--,good camp4 #ae4 ,portl&4--,good camp4 #ab4 ,oregon ,city4--,good camp4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xiii4--,f ,indianola & ,p[d]-horn to ,san ,antonio1 ,texas4 ,miles4 ,p[d]-horn to #d4 ,indianola1 ,texas4--,/eam]s run f ,new ,orleans five times a week to ,p[d]-horn4 #ad4 ,*ocolate ,creek4--,good grass & wat]2 fuel sc>ce4 ,road passes ov] a l[1 flat c\ntry1 :i* 9 wet wea!r is heavy & muddy4 #ab4 ,grove4--,grove ( oak2 good wat] & grass4 ,! road passes ov] a hog-wall[ prairie1 :i* is v muddy1 & almo/ impassable = load$ teams aft] ra9s4 ,! grass is abundant e :]e 9 ?is section4 #ab-a_/b4 ,victoria4--,! road is good1 pass+ along ne> ! ea/ bank ( ! ,guadalupe ,riv]4 ,! c\ntry is ?ickly settl$ ) f>m]s1 :o sell gra9 at reasonable rates4 ,grass abundant1 also fuel4 #cd4 ,yorkt[n4--,road crosses ! ,guadalupe ,riv] on a bridge2 toll "o doll> = a six-mule team4 ,x !n crosses a l[ bottom = ?ree miles2 f !nce ! road is good1 ov] a roll+ c\ntry1 ) pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #cc4 ,cibello ,riv]4--,good road2 wood1 wat]1 & grass pl5ty4 #ce4 ,san ,antonio4--,good road1 ) pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass along ! road4 ,! ,cibello is =dable at ord9>y /ages4 ,! travel] c procure any ?+ he may ne$ at ,victoria & at ,san ,antonio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xiv4--,wagon-road f ,san ,antonio1 ,texas1 to ,el ,paso1 ,n4,m41 & ,=t ,yuma1 ,cal4 ,di/ances 9 miles & hundr$?s ( a mile4 ,miles4 ,san ,antonio to #f4da4 ,leona4 #ah4ab4 ,ca/roville4 #aa4jj4 ,hondo4 #ad4bh4 ,rio ,seco4 #ab4ej4 ,sab9al4 #ac4df4 ,rio ,frio4 #ae4ab4 ,nueces4 #aj4bg4 ,turkey ,creek4 #ae4cc4 ,elm ,creek4--,all good camps1 ) abundance ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,c\ntry mo/ly settl$1 & ! road v good1 except 9 wet wea!r1 f ,san ,antonio to ,elm ,creek4 #g4jj4 ,=t ,cl>ke4--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 ,road level & good4 #g4jj4 ,pi$ra ,p9ta1--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #h4hf4 ,mav]ick's ,creek4--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #ab4fa4 ,san ,felipe4--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #aj4bb4 ,devil's ,riv]4--,fir/ cross+4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ah4bg4 ,cali=nia ,spr+s4--,grass & wat] poor4 #ah4ci4 ,devil's ,riv]4--,second cross+4 ,grass poor4 #ai4ej4 ,devil's ,riv]4--,good camp4 ,! only wat] betwe5 ,devil's ,riv] & ,live ,oak ,creek is at ,h[>d's ,spr+s4 ,! road is v r\gh 9 places4 #dd4jj4 ,h[>d's ,spr+s4--,grass sc>ce2 wat] pl5ty 9 w9t]2 wood pl5ty4 #cj4dd4 ,live ,oak ,creek4--,good wat] & grass4 ,! road passes )9 #a-a_/b miles ( ,=t ,lanca/]4 #g4bi4 ,cross+ ( ,pecos ,riv]4--,bad wat] & bad camp4 ,! wat] ( ! ,pecos c be us$4 #e4dg4 ,las ,moras4--,good wat]1 grass1 & wood4 ,! road is r\gh on ! ,pecos4 #cb4he4 ,camp on ! ,pecos ,riv]4--,wood & grass sc>ce4 #af4bf4 ,escondido ,creek4--,at ! cross+4 ,wat] good2 little grass or wood4 #h4gf4 ,escondido ,spr+4--,grass & wat] good2 little grass4 #ai4dj4 ,coman*e ,creek4--,grass & wat] good2 little grass4 #h4hh4 ,leon ,spr+s4--,grass & wat] good2 no wood4 #cc4hf4 ,b>ela ,spr+4--,grass & wat] good2 wood pl5ty4 #bh4jj4 ,=t ,davis4--,good camp4 ,f ,=t ,davis to ,eagle ,spr+s !re is an asc5t1 & "o ( ! v be/ ( roads4 #ah4db4 ,b>rel ,spr+s4--,wat] good2 grass & wood fair4 #ac4eh4 ,dead ,man's ,hole4--,good wood & wat]2 grass sc>ce4 #cb4hc4 ,van ,horne's ,wells4--,no grass or wood1 b !y w be f\nd two miles back4 #ai4gd4 ,eagle ,spr+s4--,grass & wood poor2 wat] ab\t half a mile f camp1 9 a n>r[ canon4 #cb4jc4 ,m\? ( ,canon de los ,cam5os4--,! road is r r\gh4 ,f "h to ,=t ,bliss1 opposite ,el ,paso1 ! road runs ne> ! riv]1 & camps may be made any :]e4 ,! wood1 wat]1 & grass are good at all po9ts4 #fa4ac4 ,san ,eluz>io4--,mexican t[n4 #i4be4 ,socorro4--,mexican t[n4 #ae4jj4 ,=t ,bliss1 at ,el ,paso4--,unit$ ,/ates milit>y po/ & ,mexican t[n4 ,total di/ance f ,san ,antonio to ,el ,paso1 #fed4bg miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,miles4 ,el ,paso to #bb4 ,cottonwood4--,f ,el ,paso to ,messilla ,valley1 9 ! ,gadsd5 ,pur*ase1 ! road runs up ! ea/ bank ( ! ,rio ,gr&e to ,=t ,fillmore 7,n4,m471 :]e x crosses ! riv] into ! ,messilla ,valley4 #bb4 ,=t ,fillmore4 #f4 ,la ,messilla4 #fe4 ,cook's ,spr+4--,f ,messilla ,valley to ,tucson ! road is rem>kably good1 ) good grass & wat]4 ,! /reams on ?is section are ! ,mimbres & ,san ,p$ro1 bo? =dable1 & cross$ ) little tr\ble4 ,! ,apa*e ,indians are g5]ally met ) 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!re is a fl\r+-mill two miles bel[ ,el ,paso1 :]e fl\r c be pur*as$ at v reasonable prices4 #ah4 ,rio ,mimbres4 #ag4 ,ojo la ,vaca4 #aj4 ,ojo de ,ynez4 #cd4 ,peloncilla4 #ah4 ,san ,dom+o4 #bc4 ,apa*e ,spr+s4 #i4 ,cabesas ,spr+s4 #bf4 ,dragon ,spr+s4 #ah4 ,qu]cos ,canon4--,bun*-grass w be f\nd suffici5t = travel+ purposes along ?is section ( ! road betwe5 ,el ,paso & ,tucson4 #f4 ,san ,p$ro ,cross+4 #bj4 ,ci5ega4 #ac4 ,ci5ega ,creek4 #bj4 ,mission ( ,san ,navi]4 #h4 ,tucson4--,total di/ance f ,el ,paso to ,tucson1 #cje miles4 #e4 ,pico ,*ico ,m\nta94 #ce4 ,fir/ ,camp on ,gila ,riv]4 #bi4 ,m>icopa ,wells4--,! ,m>icopa ,wells are at ! we/]n extremity ( a f]tile valley occupi$ by ,p9cos ,indians1 :o cultivate corn & o!r gra94 #dj4 ,tezotal4--,across ,jornada4 ,!re is b little grass "h1 b 9 ! season ! mesquite leaves are a good sub/itute4 #aj4 ,t5 ,mile ,camp4 #ae4 ,oatman's ,flat4--,fir/ cross+ ( ! ,gila ,riv]4 #be4 ,second ,cross+ ( ! ,gila4--,! travel] c g5]ally f9d suffici5t grass 9 ! hills along ! valley ( ! ,gila4 #cb4 ,pet]man's ,/ation4 #bj4 ,antelope ,peak4 #bd4 ,little ,corral4 #af4 ,=t ,yuma4 ,! di/ance f ,el ,paso to ,=t ,yuma is #fdd miles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,well ,,9 ,,! ,,des]t4--,,alamo ,,mo*o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xv4--,f ,=t ,yuma to ,san ,diego1 ,cali=nia4 ,di/ances 9 miles & hundr$?s ( a mile4 ,miles4 ,=t ,yuma to #aj4jj4 ,los ,algodones4--,along ! ,colorado4 #aj4jj4 ,cook's ,wells4--,"h comm5ces ! great des]t2 wat] n[h]e good or reliable until arriv+ at ,c>izo ,creek4 ,! po9ts nam$ are :]e deep wells h be5 dug4 ,new ,riv]1 ?\gh usually set d[n1 is a dry arroyo4 ,! surface ( ! des]t = sev5 miles on ! ea/]n side is drift+ s& & heavy = wagons4 ,!n comes a section 9 ! c5tre ( ! des]t t is h>d & level4 ,on ! we/ side !re is ab\t ?ree miles ( a mud flat4 #ba4ij4 ,alamo ,ran*o4 #af4dj4 ,little ,laguna4 #d4ej4 ,new ,riv]4 #e4hj4 ,big ,laguna4 #bf4dj4 ,c>izo ,creek4--,wat] good2 cane & bru% = fuel1 & !y af=d "s =age = ! animals2 no grass4 #af4fj4 ,vallecito4--,grass poor2 wood & wat] suffici5t4 #ag4hj4 ,san ,felipe4--,grass poor2 wood sc>ce2 wat] good4 #ae4hj4 ,w>n]'s ,ran*4--,! road passes ?r\gh a beautiful oak grove1 :]e !re is an abundance ( grass & wat]4 ,?is is ! summit ( ! m\nta94 ,at ! ,ran* ! grass is poor1 & no wood4 ,! wat] is good4 ,! oak grove t]m9ates six miles f ,w>n]'s4 #aj4cj4 ,santa ,isabel4--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 ,?is 0 an old ,spani% mission1 b is n[ occupi$ by "s ,am]icans & ,indians4 #aa4dj4 ,laguna4--,two miles f la/ camp is a good camp+-place4 ,! road passes ov] "s /eep hills1 n high4 ,?is is ! be/ camp on ! road4 #ab4jj4 ,san ,pasquel4--,= ! fir/ n9e miles ! road is level & good to ! top ( ! m\nta91 :]e !re is a good camp+-place1 ) wood1 wat]1 & grass2 !nce ! road desc5ds a v /eep hill4 ,! camp is on ! ea/ side ( ! brook1 ne> ,soto's h\se4 #ah4hj4 ,p>rasquitas4--,! road passes a good camp ?ree miles f ,san ,pasqual4 ,wood1 ,wat]1 & grass at ,p>rasquitas4 #h4jj4 ,fi%]'s ,h\se4--,! road passes ov] sev]al hills1 & at f\r miles is a good camp+-place4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass at camp4 ,san ,diego1 ,cali=nia4--,:5 animals are to be kept a consid]able "t at ,san ,diego1 !y %\ld be tak5 f\r or five miles up ! riv]1 z ! grass is poor ne> ! t[n4 ,total di/ance f ,=t ,yuma to ,san ,diego1 #bag miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xvi4--,f ,el ,paso1 ,new ,mexico1 to ,=t ,yuma1 ,cali=nia1 via ,santa ,cruz4 ,di/ances 9 miles & hundr$?s ( a mile4 ,miles4 ,f ,el ,paso to #bf4aj4 ,samalayuca4--,spr+1 ) grass & wood4 #ch4jj4 ,salado4--,bad wat]1 ) little grass & wood4 #bd4ge4 ,santa ,m>ia4--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #bg4ej4 ,m9es ( ,san ,p$ro4--,bad wat]2 little grass or wat]4 #ai4bj4 ,correlitos4--,good wat]1 grass1 & wood4 #bj4jj4 ,janos4--,good wat]1 grass1 & wood4 #ab4jj4 ,pelatudo4--,good wat]1 grass1 & wood4 #cj4jj4 ,san ,francisco4--,wat] half a mile s\? ( ! road4 #ah4jj4 ,san ,l\is4--,good wat]1 grass1 & wood4 #ce4jj4 ,san ,b]n>d9o4--,good wat]1 grass1 & wood4 #cj4jj4 ,a% ,creek4--,grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #cg4jj4 ,head ( ,san ,p$ro4--,grass & wat]4 #bd4jj4 ,santa ,cruz4--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #ca4jj4 ,cocospe4--,mu* grass2 #aj or #ab miles )\t wat]4 ,leave ,santa ,cruz ,riv] at old ,ran*o ,san ,laz>o4 ,no wat] till rea*+ ! head ( ,san ,ignacio1 except at n9e miles1 a spr+ "o mile we/ ( ! road4 #bf4jj4 ,hemores4--,f ,cocospe to ,santa ,anna foll[ d[n ! ,san ,ignacio1 & 9 _m places !re is wood & grass4 ,grass is mu* bett] at ?ree miles f ! riv]4 ,at ! foot ( ! hills !re is an abundance ( grama-grass4 #e4jj4 ,t]r5ati4 #d4jj4 ,san ,ignacio4 #e4bj4 ,mad9a4 #e4bj4 ,san ,lor5zo4 #b4fj4 ,santa ,m>ta4 #e4bj4 ,santa ,anna4 #bf4jj4 ,alamita4--,pl5ty ( grass4 ,leave ! riv] #aj or #ab miles f ,santa ,anna1 & no wat] !nce to ,alamita1 :i* is a small ran*o4 #ca4bj4 ,alt>4--,no wat]2 grass abundant4 #ac4jj4 ,laguna4--,small wat]-hole2 grass scanty & poor4 #eb4jj4 ,sonia4--,sometimes wat] is f\nd #be miles f ! ,laguna1 s\? ( ! road4 ,!re is a well at ,sonia 9 ! t[n1 & sometimes wat] 9 a hole #cjj y>ds s\? ( ! t[n1 #ajj y>ds we/ ( ! road4 #aj4dj4 ,el ,paso4--,well at ,el ,paso supply+ #ajj animals2 wat] muddy & bracki%2 grass poor4 #eb4jj4 ,sonorita4--,no wat] on ! road2 at ,sonorita are sev]al bracki% spr+s4 ,grass poor2 bad camp+-place2 saltpetre at ! spr+s4 ,quita ,oaquita4--,no wat] on ! road4 ,sal9e spr+ at camp1 bett] ?an at ,sonorita1 b ! grass is n s good4 #aj4dj4 ,agua ,salado4--,wat] unc]ta92 grass poor4 #bc4dj4 ,los ,pleyes4--,wat] only 9 ! ra9y season1 "o mile we/ ( ! road1 hidd5 by bu%es & difficult to f9d4 ,grass pretty good4 #bh4fj4 ,cabeza ,prieta4--,natural t5ajas 9 a rav9e two miles f ! road2 foll[ a wagon-track up ?is rav9e betwe5 a black & a r$ m\nta94 ,! wat] is good & abundant2 grass tol]able4 #ca4jj4 ,poso4--,no wat] on ! road until rea*+ ,poso4 ,"h x is abundant on ! ea/ side ( ! road2 grass good "o mile we/4 #ac4jj4 ,rio ,gila4--,b little good grass4 #bf4jj4 ,=t ,yuma1 at ! cross+ ( ! ,colorado ,riv]4--,b little good grass = sev]al miles4 ,total di/ance f ,el ,paso to ,=t ,yuma1 #gef miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xvii4--,f ,we/port1 ,miss\ri1 to ! gold digg+s at ,pike's ,peak & ,*]ry ,creek ,n4,t41 via ! ,arkansas ,riv]4 ,miles4 ,we/port to #d-c_/d4 ,indian ,creek4--,! road runs ov] a beautiful c\ntry4 ,indian ,creek is a small wood$ /ream1 ) abundance ( grass & wat]4 #h-c_/d4 ,c$> ,creek4--,! road passes ov] a f9e c\ntry1 & !re is a good camp+-place at ,c$> ,creek4 #h-a_/b4 ,bull ,creek4--,! road is smoo? & level1 ) less wood ?an be=e4 ,camp+ good4 ,illu/ration3 ,sket* ( ! c\ntry 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,gold ,region ne> ,pike's ,peak & ,*]ry ,creek4 #i-a_/b4 ,will[ ,spr+s4--,at n9e miles ! road passes ,black ,jack ,creek1 :]e !re is a good camp+-place4 ,! road has b little wood ^u x at fir/1 b x increases t[>d ! end ( ! m>*4 ,! road is level = "s di/ance1 b becomes m roll+1 & ! c\ntry is cov]$ ) ! f9e/ grass4 ,good camp at "o mile f ! ma9 road4 #bj-a_/d4 #aaj-,mile ,creek4--,! road trav]ses ! same "* ( c\ntry z ye/]day1 b ) less woodl&1 is v smoo?1 & at #i & #ab miles passes ,rock ,creeks1 :i* h no runn+ wat] 9 a dry season4 ,good camp4 #bb-a_/b4 ,prairie ,*ick5 ,creek4--,at eight miles ! road crosses ,dwissl] ,creek1 :i* is a f9e little /ream2 f\r miles f>!r ,fir/ ,dragoon ,creek1 & at "o mile f>!r ! ,second ,dragoon ,creek1 bo? f9e /reams1 well wood$1 & good camp+-places4 ,good camp4 #bj4 ,big ,rock ,creek4--,at "o mile ! road crosses a small wood$ bran*4 ,?ree miles beyond x crosses ,elm ,creek1 :]e a good camp+-place may be f\nd4 ,at #g miles x crosses #adb-,mile ,creek1 & at #ac miles x crosses ,bluff ,creek1 :]e !re is a good camp+-place4 ,good camp4 #bj4 ,c\ncil ,grove1 on ,elm ,creek4--,road passes ,big ,john ,spr+ at #ac miles1 & is smoo? & good4 ,a f9e camp is f\nd ?ree f\r?s ( a mile beyond ! ,grove1 on ,elm ,creek1 ) abundance ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #af4 ,diamond ,spr+4--,at-eight miles ! road crosses ,elm ,creek1 & passes ov] a section simil> to t ea/ ( ,c\ncil ,grove4 ,x is f9e 9 dry wea!r1 b muddy aft] heavy ra9s4 ,good camp at ,diamond ,spr+4 #af4 ,lo/ ,spr+4--,"o mile f camp ! road passes a wood$ creek4 ,f !nce !re is no m wood or p]man5t wat] until arriv+ at camp4 ,take wood "h = cook+1 z !re is n a tree or bu% 9 sight f ,lo/ ,spr+4 ,! c\ntry becomes m level1 ) grass e :]e4 ,! road is muddy 9 wet wea!r4 #ae-c_/d4 ,cottonwood ,creek4--,road cont9ues ov] a prairie c\ntry1 s5sibly ris+ & improv+4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass at camp4 #bb4 ,turkey ,creek4--,! road is good1 & at #ah miles passes ,little ,turkey ,creek4 ,no wood1 & ! wat] poor at camp2 grass good4 #bc4 ,little ,arkansas ,riv]4--,! road runs ov] a level prairie1 & at #c-a_/b miles passes ,big ,turkey ,creek1 ) ! ,arkansas ,riv] ,valley 9 sight all day4 ,aft] ra9s !re are frequ5t pools ( wat] along ! road4 ,good camp4 #bj4 ,big ,c[ ,creek4--,! road passes = t5 miles ov] a level prairie1 to ,*>ez ,creek1 :i* is a bu%y gully2 !nce six miles to ,little ,c[ ,creek1 :i* is a bru%y /ream1 ) "h & !re a tree4 ,good camp "h to ! left ( ! road1 ne> a clump ( trees4 ,prairie-dog t[ns comm5ce to be se54 ,road v level4 ,buffalo-grass "h4 #bj4 ,big ,b5d ( ! ,arkansas4--,! road at #ab miles /rikes ! s&-hills ( ! ,arkansas ,riv]4 ,!y are soon pass$1 h[ev]1 & ! level riv] bottom is rea*$4 ,! riv] has a rapid curr5t fl[+ ov] a quicks& b$4 ,! road is g5]ally good f ! la/ camp4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass at camp4 #g4 ,walnut ,creek4--,! road is good4 ,cool spr+s at ?is camp2 good grass & wood4 #ba4 ,head ( ,coon ,creek4--,at five miles ! road =ks1 "o foll[+ ! riv]1 ! o!r a %ort cut dry r\te to ,=t ,atk9son1 :]e !y unite on ! riv]4 ,! c\ntry rises = t5 miles on ! dry r\te1 !n desc5ds to ! riv]1 & is cov]$ ) ! %ort buffalo-grass4 ,no wood at camp4 #ah4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,! road passes ov] an undulat+ & un9t]e/+ prairie1 ) b little vegetation4 ,! wat] 9 dry wea!r is 9 pools4 #ai4 ,arkansas ,riv]1 at ,=t ,atk9son4--,! road runs ov] a simil> c\ntry to t ( ye/]day1 ) no wood ne>2 pl5ty ( buffalo-*ips = cook+1 & good grass4 #ah-c_/d4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,at #d-a_/b miles ! road asc5ds a bluff cov]$ ) ?ick buffalo-grass4 ,on ! riv] is heavy bottom-grass4 ,at #ag miles pass a =d4 ,grass good at camp4 #ai-a_/d4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,! road is s&y = #ad miles1 b n deep except 9 places2 !nce to camp x is good4 ,good camp4 #bb4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,c\ntry prairie1 cov]$ ) %ort buffalo-grass4 ,good camp4 #bb4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,! road is f9e1 cross+ sev]al dry-b$s ( creeks1 along :i* are se5 a few scatt]+ trees4 ,good camp on a dry creek ne> ! riv]4 #bd4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,! road runs ov] a b>r5 pla9 at ! foot ( ! ma9 plateau1 & crosses two dry creeks ne> ! camp1 on :i* are cottonwood-trees4 ,pl5ty ( wood at camp4 #ba4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,! road foll[s ! base ( ! hills at f "o to ?ree miles f ! riv]4 ,good camp4 #bj4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,at sev5 miles ! road /rikes ! ,big ,timb]s1 :]e !re is a l>ge body ( cottonwood2 !nce = ?ree miles ! road is heavy s&4 ,good camps along "h4 #ac4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,at "o mile ! road passes "s old h\ses =m]ly us$ z a trad+-po/4 ,"h t]m9ates ! ,big ,timb]s4 ,co>se grass at ! camp4 #ae4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,at ?ree miles ! road passes ! m\? ( ,purgatoire ,creek4 ,camp is bel[ ,b5t's ,=t4 ,good grass "h4 #bd4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,pass ,b5t's ,=t4 ,! grass is excell5t 9 ! vic9ity ( ! =t1 b aft] ?is x is n s good4 ,! road runs ov] a high & consid]ably brok5 c\ntry4 ,good camp4 #aa4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,opposite ! m\? ( ! ,api%pa ,creek2 good camp4 ,! ,hu]fano ,m\nta9s & ,spani% ,peaks are 9 sight f ! camp4 ,! ,*]okee ,trail comes 9 f ,arkansas ne> ,b5t's ,=t1 & leads to ! gold digg+s at ,*]ry ,creek4 #i4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,opposite ! m\? ( ! ,hu]fano ,creek4 ,good camp1 & a =d opposite ,*>les ,audebee's h\se4 #ab4 ,arkansas ,riv]4--,at ?is po9t ! ,*]okee trail be>s to ! "r & leaves ! riv]4 ,! left-h&1 or riv] road1 runs up to ! old pueblo at ! m\? ( ! ,fonta9e qui ,b\ille ,creek4 ,! "r-h& road leads to ! gold digg+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sangre ,,de ,,cri/o ,,pass4 #ae-c_/d4 ,fonta9e qui ,b\ille4--,! road /rikes 9 a nor?we/ c\rse ov] ! roll+ c\ntry1 & comes ^u ! creek at a mo/ beautiful camp1 :]e !re is a great abundance ( good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,! wood1 wat]1 & grass are good at all po9ts on ! ,fonta9e qui ,b\ille1 & travel]s c camp any :]e ^u ?is /ream4 #ag-a_/b4 ,fonta9e qui ,b\ille4--,"h ! road =ks1 "o runn+ up ! riv]1 & ! o!r /rik+ directly across to ! divide ( ! ,arkansas & ,platte4 ,i pref] ! left-h& road1 z x has m wat] & bett] grass ^u x4 #f-a_/b4 ,=ks ( ! ,fonta9e qui ,b\ille4--,! road to ,*]ry ,creek "h leaves ! ,fonta9e qui ,b\ille & be>s to ! "r4 ,!re is a l>ge ,indian trail :i* crosses ! ma9 creek1 & takes a nor?we/ c\rse t[>d ,pike's ,peak4 ,by go+ up ?is trail ab\t two miles a m9]al spr+ w be f\nd1 :i* gives ! /ream its "n ( ,! ,f\nta9 t ,boils4 ,?is spr+1 or1 r1 ^! spr+s1 z !re are two1 bo? ( :i* boil up out ( solid rock1 are among ! greate/ natural curiosities t ,i h ev] se54 ,! wat] is /rongly impregnat$ ) salts1 b is delightful to ! ta/e1 & some:at simil> to ! ,congress-wat]4 ,x w well comp5sate any "o = ! tr\ble ( visit+ x4 #ag-a_/b4 ,black ,squirrel ,creek4--,?is creek is ne> ! cre/ ( ! high divide betwe5 ! ,arkansas & ,platte ,riv]s4 ,x is a small runn+ bran*1 b always af=ds good wat]4 ,!re is p9e timb] "h1 & ! grass is good on ! prairies to ! ea/4 ,?is is a locality :i* is v subject to sev]e /orms1 & x 0 "h t ,i enc\nt]$ ! mo/ sev]e sn[-/orm t ,i h ev] kn[n1 on ! fir/ day ( ,may1 #aheh4 ,i w\ld advise travel]s to ha/5 pa/ ?is spot z rapidly z possible dur+ ! w9t] & spr+ mon?s1 z a /orm might prove v s]i\s "h4 #ad4 ,ne> ! head ( ,*]ry ,creek4--,! road crosses "o small bran* at f\r miles f ,black ,squirrel ,creek2 x !n takes up to an elevat$ plateau1 :i* 9 a ra9y season is v muddy4 ,! camp is at ! fir/ timb] t is f\nd1 ne> ! road1 to ! left4 ,!re is pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass "h4 ,!re is also a good camp+-place at ! small bran* t is m5tion$4 #aj4 ,on ,*]ry ,creek4--,!re is good grass1 wood1 & wat] ?r\gh\t ! valley ( ,*]ry ,creek4 ,! m\nta9s are f five to t5 miles di/ant1 on ! left or we/ ( ! road1 & :5 ,i pass$ !re 0 a great abundance ( elk1 de]1 antelope1 be>1 & turkeys ?r\gh\t ?is section4 #g4 ,on ,*]ry ,creek4--,good camp4 #aa4 ,on ,*]ry ,creek4--,good camp4 #ag4 ,m\? ( ,*]ry ,creek1 at ! ,s\? ,platte4--,good camp1 & a t[n built up s9ce ,i pass$1 call$ ,d5v] ,city4 ,total di/ance f ,we/port to ! gold digg+s1 #fhe-a_/d miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xviii4--,f ,/4 ,paul's1 ,m941 to ,=t ,wallah ,wallah1 ,oregon4 ,miles4 ,/4 ,paul's to #ag-a_/d4 ,small ,brook4--,! wood1 wat]1 & grass are abundant z f> z ! ,bois des ,si\x ,riv]4 #bj-a_/d4 ,c[ ,creek4--,?is /ream is cross$ on a bridge4 #bc-a_/d4 ,small ,lake4--,nor? ( ! road4 ,! road passes ov] a roll+ prairie1 & crosses ,elk ,riv] on a bridge4 #ag4 ,ne> ,sauk ,rapids4--,! road crosses ,elk ,riv] twice on bridges2 ,mississippi ,riv] ne>4 #ah4 ,russel's4--,f]ry across ! ,mississippi ,riv]1 !n foll[ ! ,r$ ,riv] trail4 ,camp is on a cold spr+ brook4 #f4 ,cold ,spr+ ,brook4--,cross ,sauk ,riv]1 #cjj feet wide1 #d-a_/b feet deep4 #ai-a_/b4 ,lake ,h5ry4--,road good4 #ah-c_/d4 ,lightn+ ,lake4--,cross ,c[ ,riv] 9 a f]ry-boat2 wat] #d-a_/b feet deep4 #ag-a_/b4 ,lake4--,"o mile f ,r$ ,riv] trail4 ,pass ,:ite ,bean ,lake4 #i-a_/b4 ,pike ,lake4--,pass ! ,s\? ,bran* ( ! ,*ippeway ,riv]4 ,road runs ov] roll+ prairie1 & crosses a small bran*4 #ai-a_/d4 ,small ,lake4--,cross ,*ippeway ,riv] 9 a boat4 ,road passes num]\s lakes & ! be/ grass4 #i-c_/d4 ,small ,lake4--,road passes roll+ prairies1 & crosses ,rabbit ,riv]4 #bg4 ,bois des ,si\x ,riv]4--,cross ,bois des ,si\x ,prairie2 roll+ gr\nd4 #aa4 ,wild ,rice ,riv]4--,cross ,bois des ,si\x ,riv]1 #gj feet wide & #d to #g feet deep1 muddy bottom & banks4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass at all camps betwe5 ?is & ,maple ,riv]4 #d-a_/b4 ,small ,creek4--,cross ,wild ,rice ,riv] on a bridge4 #bf-a_/b4 ,%ey5e ,riv]4--,smoo? prairie road4 #af-a_/b4 ,maple ,riv]4--,cross ,%ey5e ,riv] on a bridge1 & sev]al small bran*es4 #bj4 ,small ,creek4--,smoo? road2 no wood4 #bj4 ,pond4--,wet & m>%y2 num]\s ponds 9 sight2 no wood4 #ae4 ,pond4--,no wood2 approa*+ ,%ey5e ,riv]4 #ac-a_/b4 ,%ey5e ,riv]4--,prairie m roll+2 camp 9 ! riv] bottom4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #g4 ,sl\gh4--,cross ,%ey5e ,riv]1 #ej feet wide1 #c-a_/b feet deep4 ,no wood4 #aj4 ,lake4--,roll+ prairie1 ) _m m>%es4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #aj-a_/b4 ,pond4--,l[1 wet prairie2 no wood2 pl5ty ( grass & wat]4 #ah-a_/d4 ,m>%4--,smoo? prairie1 g5]ally dry4 #bj4 ,rivi]e a ,jaques4--,smoo? prairie1 ) m>%es4 ,road crosses ! riv] sev]al times4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ba-a_/b4 ,pond4--,hilly & m>%y prairie1 ) small ponds1 & no wood4 #ab4 ,small ,bran*4--,m>%y prairie1 fill$ ) ponds1 ) a ?91 %ort grass1 & no wood4 #ai-c_/d4 ,lake4--,on a high knoll4 ,road crosses ! ,s\? ,=k ( ,%ey5e ,riv]2 good cross+2 !nce roll+ prairie1 pass+ ,balto de ,morale1 also a n>r[ lake #d-a_/b miles long4 #af-a_/b4 ,pond4--,m>%y prairie1 ponds1 & knolls2 cross a small bran* at #g-c_/d miles4 ,no wood4 #ag-c_/d4 ,pond4--,roll+ prairie4 ,cross ,w9t]+ ,riv]1 a deep1 muddy /ream #ajj feet wide1 also m>%y prairies & ponds4 ,no wood4 #af4 ,small ,bran*4--,tribut>y ( ,m\se ,riv]4 ,road skirts ! valley ( ,m\se ,riv]1 cross+ ! rav9es ne> _! heads4 #ae-a_/d4 ,pond4--,undulat+ prairie ) occasional m>%es2 ! road !n turns up ! high ridge call$ ,gr& ,coteau4 ,no wood4 #bj-a_/d4 ,lake4--,hilly road approa*+ ,gr& ,coteau4 ,no wood4 #bj4 ,lake4--,roll+ prairie2 smoo?1 good road2 no wood4 #ae-a_/b4 ,pond4--,road passes ,gr& ,coteau at #aa miles1 & runs betwe5 two lakes4 ,no wood1 b pl5ty ( bois de va*e = fuel4 #ai-a_/d4 ,bran* ( ,:ite ,e>? ,riv]4--,c\ntry roll+ & hilly4 ,road passes wood at eight miles f camp4 #bc-a_/d4 ,pond4--,= two miles ! road passes ov] a l[1 flat c\ntry1 aft] :i* ! c\ntry is hilly4 ,no wood4 #bc-a_/b4 ,pond4--,roll+ & hilly c\ntry1 ) rocky knobs4 ,at #ah miles cross bran* ( ,muddy ,creek #ae feet wide4 ,wood 9 rav9es ne> ?is /ream4 ,no wood at camp4 #bj4 ,pond4--,roll+ c\ntry4 ,at #aa miles !re is wat] 9 a rav9e4 ,to ! left !re is m wat]1 b ! c\ntry is r\gh4 ,no wood4 #af-a_/d4 ,=t ,union4--,road desc5ds a hill to ! =t2 be=e ?is x passes ov] high1 firm prairie4 ,good grass ne> 9 ! hills4 #f-a_/b4 ,pond4--,no wood2 good grass4 #f4 ,little ,muddy ,riv]4--,good camp4 #ae-a_/b4 ,creek4--,two good camps betwe5 ?is & ! la/4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #aj4 ,big ,muddy ,riv]4--,drift-wood = fuel4 #aa4 ,m>% ne> ,miss\ri4--,good camp4 #ah4 ,popl> ,riv]4--,good camp4 ,"o or two good camps betwe5 ?is & ! la/ camp4 #bc-a_/b4 ,creek ne> ,miss\ri4--,good camp4 #ae4 ,sl\gh ne> ,miss\ri4--,good camp4 #ag-a_/b4 ,milk ,riv]4--,"o good camp betwe5 ?is & ! la/ camp4 #ac-a_/b4 ,milk ,riv]4--,sev]al good camps pass$4 #ag-a_/b4 ,milk ,riv]4--,good camp4 #ai-a_/b4 ,milk ,riv]4--,sev]al good camps pass$4 #ag-c_/d4 ,milk ,riv]4--,at ! cross+4 ,! road foll[s a trail on ! bluffs1 & desc5ds aga9 to ! riv]4 #g-a_/b4 ,lake4--,no wood2 grass & wat] pl5ty4 #ab-a_/b4 ,milk ,riv]4--,second cross+4 ,good camp4 #ab4 ,milk ,riv]4--,good camp4 #ae-a_/b4 ,milk ,riv]4--,good camps betwe5 ?is & ! la/ camp4 #aj-c_/d4 ,milk ,riv]4--,good camp4 #bj4 ,milk ,riv]4--,good camp4 #af4 ,milk ,riv]4--,good camp4 #ah4 ,milk ,riv]4--,at ! ?ird cross+4--,good camp4 #g-a_/b4 ,bran* ( ,milk ,riv]4--,good camp4 #ag-a_/b4 ,bran* ( ,milk ,riv]4--,sev]al good camps betwe5 ?is & ! la/ camp4 #f4 ,bran* ( ,milk ,riv]4--,good camp4 #ai-a_/d4 ,prairie ,spr+4--,no wood2 wat] & grass pl5ty4 #ac-c_/d4 ,teton ,riv]4--,road crosses ,m>ias ,riv]4 #h-c_/d4 ,teton ,riv]1 at ,=t ,b5ton4--,a trad+-po/4 #b-a_/b4 ,small ,creek4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ah-c_/d4 ,miss\ri ,riv]4--,good camp4 #bj-a_/b4 ,miss\ri ,riv]4--,above ! falls4 ,road mu* brok5 into rav9es4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #af-c_/d4 ,miss\ri ,riv]4--,road crosses fir/ tribut>y above ,=t ,b5ton at t5 miles4 #ag4 ,miss\ri ,riv]4--,! road becomes v bad aft] f\rte5 miles1 b is bett] on ! nor? side ( ! ,miss\ri4 #f4 ,miss\ri ,riv]4--,! road is exce$+ly r\gh & brok52 crosses ! riv]4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #aa4 ,tribut>y ( ! ,miss\ri4--,! mo/ difficult "p ( ! road is pass$1 b ! c\ntry is /ill hilly4 #ah-a_/b4 ,tribut>y ( ! ,miss\ri4--,! road foll[s up ! la/-m5tion$ /ream to ne> its head4 ,good camps4 #ae4 ,ne> ! summit ( ,little ,blackfoot ,pass1 on a broad ,indian trail2 excell5t road4 #ad-c_/d4 ,little ,blackfoot ,riv]4--,road crosses ! summit ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,good road = wagons1 ) _m camp+-places4 #ag-a_/b4 ,little ,blackfoot ,riv]4--,road good1 desc5d+ along ! riv]4 ,ne> ! camp a l>ge =k comes 94 #bh-a_/b4 ,little ,blackfoot ,riv]4--,good road1 :i* foll[s ! broad1 op5 valley = #ad miles4 ,good camps4 #ai-a_/b4-,little ,blackfoot ,riv]4--,! valley contracts s t wagons w be =c$ to take ! b$ ( ! riv] 9 "s places4 ,! riv] is =dable1 & ! trail crosses x five times dur+ ! day4 #bb-a_/b4 ,blackfoot ,riv]4--,sixte5 miles f ! la/ camp ,blackfoot & ,hell ,gate ,riv]'s ent]1 & ab\t "o mile ( ?is di/ance is impassable = wagons2 !y w\ld h to cross ! riv]1 :i* is =dable4 ,good camps4 #bg-a_/b4 ,=t ,ow54--,road runs up ! ,/4 ,m>y's ,riv] to ,=t ,ow5 ov] a broad1 good trail 9 ! valley4 #dj4 ,/4 ,m>y's ,riv]4--,! s\? ,nez ,p]ces trail leaves ! ma9 trail1 :i* asc5ds ! ,/4 ,m>y's ,valley to ! ,=ks1 & foll[s ! s\?we/ =k to its s\rce4 ,to ! ,=ks ! valley ( ! ,/4 ,m>y's is op51 & admits wagons4 #bd4 ,s\?we/ ,=k ( ,/4 ,m>y's ,riv]4--,! road foll[s a n>r[ trail1 cross+ ! riv] frequ5tly1 & is n passable = wagons4 ,! valley is n>r[1 & %ut 9 by hills4 #e-a_/b4 ,kooskooskia ,riv]4--,road leaves ! ,/4 ,m>y's ,riv]1 pass+ ov] a high ridge to ! ,kooskooskia ,riv]4 #aj4 ,bran*4--,road runs ov] wood$ hills4 #ad4 ,creek4--,road runs ov] wood$ hills4 #i4 ,small ,creek4--,?is is ! be/ camp betwe5 ! ,/4 ,m>y's ,riv] & ! ,nez ,p]ces c\ntry4 #ae4 ,small ,creek4--,road passes ov] wood$ hills4 #i4 ,small ,bran*4--,road passes ov] wood$ hills1 is v r\gh & difficult4 ,poor camp4 #ad4 ,small ,creek4--,t5 miles f la/ camp ! road passes a high divide1 asc5d+ rapidly1 ?\gh n difficult4 ,good grass on ! summit1 b no wat]4 #ac4 ,small ,creek4--,good camp :]e ! trail em]ges f ! woods on to ! high plateau4 #g4 ,cle> ,wat] ,riv]4--,l>ge tribut>y4 ,road runs ov] high table-l&1 & desc5ds to ! valley ( ! riv]4 #dc4 ,lapwai ,riv]4--,! road foll[s a broad trail d[n ! riv] six miles1 :5 x leaves ! riv] bottom & asc5ds ! plateau1 :i* ext5ds to ,craig's h\se1 on ! ,lapwai1 fifte5 miles f ! riv]4 #bc4 ,tribut>y ,snake ,riv]4--,! trail runs ov] high gr\nd f ,craig's to ,lapwai ,riv]1 #ae miles4 ,?is riv] is #dej feet wide4 ,no wood4 ,indians are g5]ally f\nd "h1 :o f]ry ov] travel]s4 ,! trail foll[s ,snake ,riv] = sev]al miles4 #bf-a_/d4 ,t*annon ,riv]4--,! trail passes #e-a_/b miles up ! bottom ( a small creek2 !n runs ov] a /eep hill to ano!r small creek1 #h miles2 !n along ! valley ( ?is /ream #aj-a_/b miles2 !nce ov] a high hill to camp on ,t*annon ,riv]1 #c miles4 #aa-a_/b4 ,t\*et ,riv]4--,! trail crosses ! ,t*annon ,riv]1 & asc5ds to a high pla91 :i* cont9ues to camp4 #cb-a_/b4 ,t\*et ,riv]4--,road foll[s a good trail along ! valley1 :]e good camps are f\nd any :]e1 ) wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ai-a_/b4 ,=t ,wallah ,wallah4--,leav+ ,t\*et ,riv]1 ! trail passes ov] aga9 to ! pla9s1 :5 !re is nei!r wood1 wat]1 or grass to ,=t ,wallah ,wallah4 ,total di/ance f ,/4 ,paul's to ,=t ,union1 #gab-a_/b miles4 ,total di/ance f ,=t ,union to ,=t ,b5ton1 #cgg-a_/b ,total di/ance f ,=t ,b5ton to ,=t ,ow51 #bee ,total di/ance f ,=t ,ow5 to ,=t ,wallah ,wallah1 #cdj-c_/d -------- ,total di/ance f ,/4 ,paul's1 ,m941 to ,=t ,wallah ,wallah1 ,oregon1 #afhe-c_/d miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xix4--,lieut5ant ,e4 ,f4 ,,beale',s r\te f ,albuqu]que to ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,di/ances is miles & hundr$?s ( a mile4 ,miles4 ,albuqu]que to #b4aj4 ,atrisco4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #bj4fc4 ,rio ,pu]co4--,wat] 9 pools2 wood & grass4 #ai4da4 ,ne> ,puta4--,abundance ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ac4ab4 ,cov]a4--,wat] & grass abundant2 wood sc>ce4 #ac4jf4 ,hay ,camp4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass pl5ty4 #be4cg4 ,agua ,frio4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass pl5ty4 #af4bh4 ,inscription ,rock4--,small spr+2 grass & wood pl5ty4 #af4cb4 ,ojo del ,pescado4--,wat] & grass pl5ty2 wood = camp4 #ae4ac4 ,zuni4--,grass & wat] pl5ty2 wood sc>ce4 #f4ai4 ,indian ,well4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ad4dc4 ,no4 #a4--,wood & grass2 no wat]4 #aa4ic4 ,jacob's ,well4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #f4eg4 ,no4 #b1 ,navajo ,spr+4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ac4fb4 ,noon ,halt4--,wat] by digg+2 grass & wood sc>ce4 #f4ac4 ,no4 #c4--;,grass abundant4 #g4ge4 ,noon ,halt4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #g4be4 ,no4 #d4--,wat] 9 holes2 grass & fuel pl5ty4 #c4fj4 ,?ree ,lakes4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #a4ge4 ,cross+ ,pu]co4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant z f> z ,l]\x ,spr+4 #aa4be4 ,no4 #e4 #ah4ej4 ,no4 #f4 #aj4ag4 ,no4 #g4 #ac4be4 ,no4 #h4 #ai4ce4 ,canon ,diablo4 #ad4ge4 ,no4 #aj4 #ac4ej4 ,ne> ,cosn9o ,caves4 #ag4cb4 ,san ,francisco ,spr+4 #i4jf4 ,l]\x ,spr+4 #h4dh4 ,no4 #ac4--,wood & grass1 b no wat]4 #aa4ac4 ,breck5ridge ,spr+4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #h4jg4 ,no4 #ad4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #f4ej4 ,c$> ,spr+4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #aj4ej4 ,no4 #ae4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #ai4ge4 ,alex&]'s ,canon4--,wood & grass pl5ty2 n mu* wat]4 #h4je4 ,smi?'s ,spr+4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #h4ge4 ,pass ,dorn94--,wood & grass abundant2 no wat]4 #ac4ej4 ,no4 #ai4--,wood & grass abundant2 no wat]4 #af4ce4 ,no4 #bj4--,wat] two miles f camp2 wood & grass pl5ty4 #d4jf4 ,hemphill's ,spr+4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #ba4be4 ,no4 #ba4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #i4ge4 ,no4 #bb4--,wood & grass2 spr+ "o mile di/ant4 #e4ej4 ,no4 #bc4--,wood & grass pl5ty2 no wat]4 #h4de4 ,no4 #bd4--,wood & grass2 spr+ ?ree miles (f4 #af4ge4 ,no4 #be4--,wood & grass2 no wat]4 #g4be4 ,sabadras ,spr+4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ac4be4 ,no4 #bf4--,wood2 no grass or wat]4 #h4ge4 ,spr+4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #a4be4 ,no4 #bg4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #c4ag4 ,no4 #bh4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #a4be4 ,no4 #bi4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #c4aa4 ,no4 #cj4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #c4be4 ,no4 #ca4--;,ea/ bank ( ,colorado ,riv]2 wood4 ,no4 #cb4--,we/ bank2 wat] & grass abundant4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xx4--,capta9 ,,:ipple',s ,r\te f ,albuqu]que1 ,new ,mexico1 to ,san ,p$ro1 ,cali=nia4 ,di/ances 9 miles & hundr$?s ( a mile4 ,miles4 ,albuqu]que to #j4hh4 ,atrisco4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #ab4af4 ,isleta4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #bb4gh4 ,rio ,pu]co4--,wat] 9 holes4 #ah4cj4 ,rio ,rita4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #ac4gg4 ,cov]a4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #ad4ff4 ,hay ,camp4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #ag4ga4 ,si]ra ,madre4--,no wat]4 #h4jf4 ,agua ,frio4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #ag4di4 ,inscription ,rock4--,el ,moro4 ,p]man5t spr+s4 #ad4bc4 ,ojo del ,pescado4--,p]man5t spr+s4 #aa4gd4 ,zuni4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,san ,,francisco ,,m\nta94 ,^u ,capta9 ,:ipple's trail f ,albuqu]que to ! ,colorado ,riv]4 #h4hc4 ,ar* ,spr+4--,p]man5t spr+4 #aj4gg4 4444--,no wat]4 #ai4fi4 ,jacob's ,well4--,p]man5t wat]-hole4 #g4jd4 ,navajo ,spr+4--,p]man5t spr+s4 #ab4ac4 ,will[ ,creek4--,rio de la ,j>a4 ,wat] 9 holes4 #aj4hg4 ,rio ,pu]co ( ! ,we/4--,wat] 9 holes4 #aa4ei4 ,li?od5dron ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #aa4ii4 ,colorado ,*iquito4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #ad4db4 ,colorado ,*iquito4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #h4fc4 ,colorado ,*iquito4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #d4id4 ,colorado ,*iquito4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #a4ce4 ,colorado ,*iquito4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #d4ij4 ,colorado ,*iquito4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #aj4ii4 ,colorado ,*iquito4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #ae4hh4 ,colorado ,*iquito4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #d4dd4 ,colorado ,*iquito4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #a4ea4 ,colorado ,*iquito4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #bi4gb4 ,col99o ,caves4--,p]man5t wat]-holes4 #aa4ha4 ,ne> ,san ,francisco ,spr+4--,no wat]2 wat] #d miles f camp4 #aj4df4 ,l]\x's ,spr+4--,p]man5t wat]4 #h4bc4 4444--,no wat]4 #f4ag4 4444--,no wat]4 #h4ed4 ,new ,ye>'s ,spr+4--,p]man5t spr+4 #i4gg4 ,lava ,creek4--,wat] 9 hole4 #i4hi4 ,c$> ,creek4--,wat] 9 holes4 #ac4bf4 ,p>tridge ,creek4--,wat] 9 holes4 #c4hi4 ,p>tridge ,creek4--,wat] 9 holes4 #ac4eb4 ,p>tridge ,creek4--,wat] 9 holes4 #j4hg4 ,pica*o ,creek4--,wat] 9 holes4 #g4de4 4444--,no wat]4 #h4fi4 ,turkey ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #e4ga4 ,pueblo ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #f4fg4 ,pueblo ,creek4--,p]man5t wat] 9 holes4 #e4ih4 ,pueblo ,creek4--,p]man5t wat] 9 holes4 #e4hj4 ,canon ,creek4--,p]man5t wat] 9 holes4 #ab4af4 ,canon ,creek4--,p]man5t wat] 9 holes4 #j4cj4 ,canon ,creek4--,wat] 9 holes4 #aa4bi4 ,canon ,creek4--,wat] 9 holes4 #i4fd4 ,cactus ,pass4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #g4ig4 ,:ite ,cliff ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #aa4fj4 ,big ,horn ,spr+s4--,p]man5t spr+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,canon ,,on ,,bill ,,williams',s ,,=k4 #ab4hc4 ,m\? ( ,canon ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #i4ba4 ,big ,s&y ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #d4ce4 ,big ,s&y ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #f4ba4 ,big ,s&y ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #d4jh4 ,big ,s&y ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #f4aj4 ,big ,s&y ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #e4ef4 ,big ,s&y ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat]4 #f4dd4 ,m\? ( ,big ,s&y ,creek4--,p]man5t runn+ wat] z f> z ! ,colorado ,riv]4 #f4eb4 ,rio ,santa ,m>ia4 #h4ig4 ,rio ,santa ,m>ia4 #f4he4 ,rio ,santa ,m>ia4 #g4bb4 ,rio ,santa ,m>ia4 #c4ij4 ,rio ,santa ,m>ia4 #h4fi4 ,rio ,santa ,m>ia4 #d4cc4 ,m\? ( ,rio ,santa ,m>ia4 #d4gd4 ,on ,colorado ,riv]4 #e4jb4 ,on ,colorado ,riv]4 #i4jf4 ,on ,colorado ,riv]4 #aa4ci4 ,on ,colorado ,riv]4 #bi4hg4 ,on ,colorado ,riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,artill]y ,,peak4 #a4jb4 ,mojave ,villages4 #i4df4 ,cross+ ( ! ,colorado ,riv]4 #j4cc4 ,on ,colorado ,riv]4 #b4gh4 ,on ,colorado ,riv]4 #bj4ga4 4444--,! road1 on leav+ ! ,colorado1 runs up ov] a gravelly ridge to a b>r5 niesa1 & desc5ds ! b$ ( ! ,mojave #d or #e miles above its m\?1 & at #i-a_/b miles x passes spr+s ne> ! po9t :]e ! road turns ar\nd ! we/]n base ( a m\nta94 ,!re is no wat] at ! camp1 b grass 9 an arroya4 #i4jj4 ,pai-,ute ,creek4--,?is is a f9e /ream1 ) good wat] & grass4 #ac4jj4 ,arroyo4--,grass & wood2 wat] is f\nd by digg+4 #g4jj4 ,f9e ,spr+4--,good wat] & grass4 ,! wagon-road passes ar\nd ! hills1 b an ,indian trail leads ?r\gh ! rav9e :]e ! spr+ is4 #ai4jj4 ,m>l ,spr+4--,?is is a small b con/ant spr+2 excell5t grass1 & greasewood = fuel4 #cj4jj4 ,lake4--,! road foll[s a ridge = "s di/ance1 !n desc5ds to an arroyo1 & 9 a few miles em]ges into a s&y pla91 :]e !re is ! dry b$ ( a lake1 :i* is firm1 & makes a smoo?1 good road4 ,! camp is at "s m>%y pools ( wat]4 ,good grass1 & greasewood = fuel4 #ab4jj4 ,mojave ,riv]4--,road passes ?r\gh a valley ( drift$ s&1 & at ! camp /rikes ! riv]1 :i* is "h a beautiful /ream ( fre% wat]1 #aj to #ab feet wide & a foot deep1 ) a h>d1 gravelly bottom4 ,grass 9 ! hills ne>4 #ac4jj4 ,mojave ,riv]4--,! road asc5ds ! riv]1 ! banks ( :i* are cov]$ ) f9e grass & mesquite wood4 ,good camps along "h4 #bj4jj4 ,mojave ,riv]4--,! road leads up ! riv] = a %ort di/ance1 :5 x turns into an arroyo1 & asc5ds to a l[ mesa1 & cont9ues along ! bord] ( a level prairie cov]$ ) f9e bun*-grass4 ,x !n ent]s ! riv] bottom aga91 :i* is "h sev]al miles wide1 & well wood$4 ,grass good4 #bj4jj4 ,mojave ,riv]4--,six miles f camp ! road /rikes ! ,mormon road1 & crosses ! /ream ne> a ,mormon camp+-place4 ,! trail runs along ! riv]1 :i* gets l>g] & has m timb] on its banks z x is asc5d$4 ,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #bb4jj4 ,mojave ,riv]4--,a %ort di/ance f camp ! valley contracts1 b ! road is good4 ,x leaves ! valley & crosses a gravelly ridge1 b ent]s x aga94 ,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #ae4jj4 ,mojave ,riv]4--,road cont9ues along ! "r bank ( ! riv]1 9 a s\?we/ c\rse1 & crosses ! riv] at camp4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #bi4ej4 ,caj\ ,creek4--,! road leaves ! riv] at ! cross+1 & runs t[>d a break 9 ! ,san ,b]nad9o ,m\nta9s2 x asc5ds a %>p hill & ent]s a c$> ?icket2 x !n asc5ds to ! summit ( ! ,caj\ ,pass2 !nce ov] a spur ( ! m\nta9s into an arroyo or creek 9 a rav9e2 !nce along ! dry *annel ( ! ,caj\ ,creek = two miles1 :]e ! wat] beg9s to run1 & f !nce ! road is r\gh to camp4 #g4jj4 ,caj\ ,creek4--,road cont9ues along ! creek to camp1 & is r\gh4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass at camp4 #bj4jj4 ,cocom\ga's ,ran*4--,on a pretty /ream ( runn+ wat]4 ,! road runs = six miles d[n ! ,caj\ ,creek1 along its /eep & rocky b$4 ,x is "h a good-siz$ /ream4 ,capta9 ,:ipple's road "h leaves ! ,san ,b]nad9o road1 & turns to ! we/ along ! base ( ! m\nta9s t[>d ,los ,angeles2 x !n crosses a prairie & /rikes ! ran* ( ,cocom\ga4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #bd4jj4 ,t[n ( ,el ,monte4--,! road runs ^u ! nor!rn bord] ( a bas9 :i* is wat]$ by _m small /reams1 & is settl$4 ,! camp is on ! pretty /ream ( ,san ,gabriel1 :]e !re is a good camp+-place4 #ad4be4 ,city ( ,los ,angeles4--,! road passes ! ,mission ( ,san ,gabriel1 !n ent]s a rav9e among hills & brok5 gr\nd2 x !n desc5ds & crosses ! riv] :i* wat]s ! valley1 & ent]s ! city4 ,!re is a good camp ^u ! po9t ( a ridge on ! left bank ( ! riv]4 #bc4jj4 ,san ,p$ro4--,good camp4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxi4--,f ,=t ,yuma to ,b5icia1 ,cali=nia4 ,f ,lieut5ant ,r4 ,s4 ,,williamson',s ,report4 ,di/ances 9 miles & hundr$?s ( a mile4 ,miles4 ,=t ,yuma1 on ,rio ,colorado1 to #f4ea4 ,pilot ,knob4 #e4jf4 ,algodones4 #aa4ah4 ,cook's ,wells4 #ba4aa4 ,alamo ,mo*o4 #ad4af4 ,little ,laguna4 #aj4bi4 ,big ,laguna4 #ab4ib4 ,=ks ( ,road4--,! left-h& road leads to ,san ,diego1 #aci4id miles1 ! "r-h& to ,san ,francisco4 #ag4fb4 ,salt ,creek4 #bh4id4 ,wat] 9 ! ,des]t4--,bel[ po9t ( rocks4 #ab4fj4 ,cohuilla ,village4 #ae4hb4 ,deep ,well4 #aj4fb4 ,hot ,spr+4 #g4cf4 ,ea/ base ( ,san ,gorgonio ,pass4 #ah4bi4 ,summit ( ,pass4 #bg4aj4 ,san ,b]nad9o4--,mormon t[n4 #ag4fj4 ,sycamore ,grove4 #ad4jj4 ,qui-qual-mun-g ,ran*4 #bf4fj4 ,san ,gabriel ,riv]4--,at cross+4 #f4gj4 ,mission ( ,san ,gabriel4 #i4jj4 ,los ,angeles4 #aj4bj4 ,cahu5go ,ran*4--,at ! cross+ ( a bran* ( ,los ,angeles ,riv]4 #aj4gj4 ,mission ( ,san ,f]n&o4 #e4ij4 ,summit ( ,san ,f]n&o ,pass4 #g4ae4 ,santa ,cl>a ,riv]1 s\!a/ =k4 #ae4hj4 ,summit ( ,coa/ ,range4--,9 ,san ,francisquito ,pass4 #ah4jj4 ,ea/]n base ( ,si]ra ,nevada4 #f4gj4 ,summit ( ,tejon ,pass4 #ac4aj4 ,depot ,camp 9 ! ,tejon4 #ca4jj4 ,k]n ,riv]4--,at ! cross+4 #aj4hj4 ,depot ,camp on ,pose ,creek1 or ,o-co-ya4 #bd4cj4 ,:ite ,creek4 #ad4ij4 ,m's ,creek4 #e4aj4 ,tule ,riv]4 #bb4jj4 ,deep ,creek4--,deep ,creek is ! fir/ ( f\r creeks1 cross$ by ! wagon-road1 into :i* ! ,pi-pi-yu-na divides itself aft] em]g+ f ! ,si]ra4 ,^! /reams are commonly kn[n z ! ,f\r ,creeks4 #j4bi4 ,cam]on ,creek4--,! second ( ! ,f\r ,creeks4 #c4cj4 ,kah-wee-ya ,riv]4--,! ?ird & pr9cipal "o ( ! ,f\r ,creeks4 #j4hi4 ,/4 ,john's ,creek4--,! la/ ( ! ,f\r ,creeks4 ,at ! cross+4 #bh4ac4 ,pool's ,f]ry4--,on ,k+'s ,riv]4 #ab4cb4 ,sl\gh ( ,k+'s ,riv]4 #be4gc4 ,=t ,mill]4--,on ,san ,joaqu9 ,riv]1 9 ! foot-hills ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada4 #i4dj4 ,cottonwood ,creek4 #g4gb4 ,fresno ,riv]4 #ab4ae4 ,*[*illa ,riv]4--,sometimes kn[n z ,big ,m>iposa4 #aj4ci4 ,m>iposa ,riv]4 #f4jc4 ,be> ,creek4 #ah4cc4 ,m]c$ ,riv]4 #ah4hg4 ,davis's ,f]ry4--,tuolumne ,riv]4 #bh4he4 ,grayson4--,a f]ry on ! ,san ,joaqu9 ,riv]4 #bg4ed4 ,elk ,horn4--,! di/ance is by ! wagon-road1 & is circuit\s4 #f4ij4 ,summit ( ,liv]more ,pass4 #g4bj4 ,egress f ,liv]more ,pass4 #dj4db4 ,m>t9ez4--,on ! ,/raits ( ,c>quives1 opposite ,b5icia1 ,cali=nia4 ,total di/ance f ,=t ,yuma to ,b5icia1 #hjj4de miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxii4--,a new r\te f ,=t ,bridg] to ,camp ,floyd1 op5$ by ,capta9 ,j4 ,h4 ,,simpson1 ,u4,s4,a41 9 #aheh4 ,miles4 ,=t ,bridg] to #f4 ,bran* ( ,black's ,=k4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #g-a_/d4 ,c$> on ,bluffs ( ,muddy4--,grass & wood all ! way up ! rav9e f ! ,muddy1 & wat] at int]vals4 #e-a_/b4 ,la/ wat] 9 rav9e aft] leav+ ! ,muddy4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #e-c_/d4 ,ea/ ,bran* ( ,sulphur ,creek4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,junction ( ,=t ,supply road4 #a_/b4 ,middle ,bran* ( ,sulphur ,creek4--,sage1 ,wat]1 & grass4 #c4 ,we/ ,bran* ( ,sulphur ,creek4--,will[1 wat]1 & grass2 spr+ a mile bel[4 #e-a_/d4 ,ea/ ,bran* ( ,be> ,riv]4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #a_/d4 ,middle ,bran* ( ,be> ,riv]4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #b-c_/d4 ,ma9 ,bran* ( ,be> ,riv]4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #i-c_/d4 ,fir/ ,camp on ,:ite ,clay ,creek4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #e-a_/d4 ,:ite ,clay ,creek4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ae4 ,:ite ,clay ,creek4--,good camps all along ! valley ( ,:ite ,clay ,creek4 #c_/d4 ,comm5cem5t ( ,canon4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #a_/b4 ,:ite ,clay ,creek4--,good camps all along ! valley ( ,:ite ,clay ,creek to ! end ( ! l[] canon4 #ab4 ,web] ,riv]4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #f4 ,p>ley's ,p>k ,road4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,pass ov] ! divide4 #c-c_/d4 ,silv] ,creek4--,will[s1 wat]1 & grass4 #f4 ,timpanogos ,creek4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,cross ov] ! divide4 #a4 ,comm5cem5t ( ,canon4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #bd-a_/b4 ,cascade 9 ,canon4--,good camps at %ort int]vals all along ,timpanogos ,canon4 #d-a_/d4 ,m\? ( ,canon4--,wood & wat]4 #f-a_/d4 ,battle ,creek ,settlem5t4--,pur*ase =age4 #c-a_/d4 ,am]ican ,=k ,settlem5t4--,pur*ase =age4 #c4 ,lehi 7t[n74--,pur*ase =age4 ,grass ne>4 #b-c_/d4 ,bridge ov] ,jordan4--,grass & wat]2 wood 9 ! hills #a-a_/b miles di/ant4 #ad4 ,camp ,floyd4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,total di/ance f ,=t ,bridg] to ,camp ,floyd1 #aee miles4 ,,note4--,capta9 ,simpson says ?is wagon-r\te is f> sup]ior to ! old "o 9 respect to grade1 wood1 wat]1 & grass1 & 9 di/ance ab\t ! same4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxiii4--,f ,=t ,?orne1 ,new ,mexico1 to ,=t ,yuma1 ,cali=nia4 ,di/ances 9 miles & hundr$?s ( a mile4 ,miles4 ,=t ,?orne1 ,n4,m41 to #ad4cj4 ,wat] ,holes4--,"o mile we/ ( hole 9 rock4 ,wat] unc]ta92 no wood4 #i4ai4 ,mule ,creek4---,wat] at all seasons a little up ! creek2 wood pl5ty4 #ab4jj4 ,cook's ,spr+4--,wat] suffici5t = camp+2 mesquite bu%es on ! hills4 #ai4ej4 ,rio ,mimbres4--,wat] & wood abundant4 #af4cj4 ,ojo de la ,vaca4--,wat] & wood4 #ab4jj4 ,spr+4--,con/ant small /reams two miles up ! canon2 wat] at ! road unc]ta94 #dd4dj4 ,ran*o4--,pond ( bracki% wat] "o mile to ! "r1 f\r miles be=e rea*+ "h4 #ac4ij4 ,rio ,/4 ,simon4--,con/ant wat] a few miles up1 & mesquite wood4 #ah4dj4 ,pass 9 ! ,m\nta9s4--,wat] on ! left ab\t two miles aft] ent]+ ! ,pass4 #f4dj4 ,arroya4--,wood "o mile up2 wat] unc]ta92 small /ream cross+ ! road #a-a_/b miles f la/ camp4 #bf4cj4 ,nug5t's ,spr+4--,l>ge spr+4--,excell5t wat] "o mile s\?1 at ,playa ,/4 ,dom+o4 #ag4bj4 ,canon4--,to ! left ( ! road4 ,wat] #a-a_/b miles up ! canon1 two miles f ! road4 #ag4jj4 ,rio ,san ,p$ro4--,wat] & wood abundant4 #af4cj4 ,san ,p$ro4--,wat] abundant2 wood di/ant4 #bj4hj4 ,ci5equilla4--,wat] & wood abundant4 #g4cj4 ,along ,ci5equilla4--,wat] & wood abundant2 road r\gh4 #ba4hj4 ,mission ( ,san ,xavi]4--,l>ge mesquite1 & wat] pl5ty 9 ,santa ,cruz ,riv]4 #h4jj4 ,tucson4--,village on ,santa ,cruz ,riv]4 ,tucson is ! la/ gre5 spot on ! ,santa ,cruz ,riv]4 ,! be/ camp+-gr\nd is two miles beyond ! village1 :]e ! valley wid5s1 & good grass & wat] are abundant4 #g4bj4 ,mud ,holes4--,! road passes ov] arroyas1 b is r level4 #fe4jj4 ,agua ,h]mal4--,road passes ov] a des]t section1 & is h>d & level4 ,wat] is f\nd 9 mo/ seasons1 except 9 e>ly summ]1 9 natural res]voirs on an isolat$ m\nta9 ab\t midway1 call$ ,picapo2 poor wat] & tall1 co>se grass at ! mud-holes4 ,road "h /rikes ! ,rio ,gila4 #ae4aj4 ,los ,pimos4--,road foll[s ! riv] bottom4 ,lagoon ( bad wat] ne> camp4 ,grass good2 pl5ty ( cottonwood & mesquite4 #ac4bj4 ,los ,m>icopas4--,road takes ! riv] bottom1 & passes ?r\gh cultivat$ fields2 soil & grass good4 ,! ,indian village is on a gravelly hill4 ,! road is good4 #dj4jj4 ,el ,tegotal4--,! road leaves ! riv] & crosses ! des]t4 ,no wat] betwe5 ?is & ! la/ camp at ! ,m>icopas' village4 ,road is good4 ,! calita ab\nds "h1 & ! mules are fond ( x4 #aj4ej4 ,pega del ,rio4--,road runs 9 ! riv] bottom1 & is level4 ,r9con de ,vega4--,road runs 9 ! riv] bottom1 & is level4 ,good grass4 #aj4ej4 ,mal ,pais4--,road cont9ues ne> ! riv]1 b ov] l[ gravel-hills & ?r\gh a %ort canon ( deep s&4 #i4ej4 ,mil ,flores4--,pass ov] a v /eep precipice to an elevat$ plateau1 !nce ov] gravel-hills #d-a_/b miles to camp1 :]e !re is excell5t grass & wood4 #ac4gj4 ,santado4--,road keeps ! riv] bottom until )9 f\r miles ( camp1 :5 x turns ov] ! plateau4 ,good grass4 #af4gj4 ,las ,lonas4--,road foll[s ! riv] bottom4 ,scatt]$ bun*-grass on ! hills4 #aa4dj4 ,vegas4--,road foll[s along ! riv] bottom4 ,grass poor4 #af4hj4 ,metate4--,road runs along at ! foot ( a rugg$ m\nta94 ,excell5t grass at ! camp4 #ad4gj4 ,el ,horral4--,road asc5ds to ! plateau1 :i* x foll[s = sev5 miles ov] a level c\ntry1 !n desc5ds ov] gravelly hills to ! riv]4 ,camp on ! riv] bank ne> ! des]t4 ,wood pl5ty4 #bj4hj4 ,los ,algodones4--,road runs along at ! foot ( ! hills or spurs ( ! des]t2 small rugg$ hills1 vegetation dw>f mesquit1 cacti1 etc4 ,good grass at camp4 #g4dj4 ,=t ,yuma1 on ! ,rio ,colorado4 ,total di/ance f ,=t ,?orne1 ,n4,m41 to ,=t ,yuma1 #ega miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxiv4--,lieut5ant ,,bryan',s ,r\te f ! ,l>amie ,cross+ ( ! ,s\? ,platte to ,=t ,bridg]1 via ,bridg]'s ,pass4 ,miles4 ,l>amie ,cross+ to #ad4 ,bryan's ,cross+4--,road runs on ! s\? side ( ! ,platte4 ,good grass & wat]4 #ab4 ,fir/ ,cross+ ( ,pole ,creek4--,pole ,creek is a rapid /ream1 s&y b$1 #ae feet wide1 & two feet deep4 ,good grass on ! creek1 & wood ?ree miles (f on ! bluffs4 #cg4 ,second ,cross+ ( ,pole ,creek4--,road runs along ! creek4 ,good grass & good camps at any po9t4 ,good road4 #ag-a_/d4 ,?ird ,cross+ ( ,pole ,creek4--,good camp4 ,wood on ! bluffs4 #bj-a_/b4 ,f\r? ,cross+ ( ,pole ,creek4--,creek dry = ?ree miles4 ,good grass4 #bj-a_/d4 ,bluffs cov]$ ) dead p9es4--,creek is cross$ sev]al times4 ,road runs ov] a r\gh1 brok5 c\ntry4 ,good grass4 #ad-a_/b4 ,road f ,=t ,l>amie to ,new ,mexico4--,road r r\gh4 ,! valley op5s out into a wide pla94 ,pl5ty ( grass4 #aj-a_/b4 ,on ,pole ,creek4--,good road2 good camp4 #bj4 ,on ,pole ,creek4--,road crosses sev]al rav9es1 mo/ ( :i* c be avoid$ by keep+ on ! bluffs2 ! valley is n>r[4 ,grass n v good4 #ag-a_/b4 ,*ey5ne ,pass4--,road passes ov] a roll+ c\ntry4 ,good grass2 will[s = fuel4 ,milit>y po/ e/abli%$ "h4 #ad-a_/b4 ,summit ( ,black ,hills4--,s\rce ( ,pole ,creek4 ,grass poor4 #aj-a_/d4 ,ea/ ,=k ( ,l>amie ,riv]4--,good camp4 #af4 ,we/ ,=k ( ,l>amie ,riv]4--,good camp4 ,*]okee trail comes 9 "h4 #ad4 ,coop]'s ,creek4--,wood & grass4 #aj-a_/b4 ,ea/ ,=k ( ,m$ic9e ,b[ ,creek4--,wood & grass z f> z ,pass ,creek4 #b-a_/b4 ,small ,creek4 #f4 ,bir* ,creek4 #e-a_/d4 ,we/ ,=k ( ,m$ic9e ,b[ ,creek4 #b4 ,fl9t's ,creek4 #c4 ,elm ,creek4 #g4 ,rattlesnake ,creek4 #e4 ,pass ,creek4 #ad-a_/b4 ,nor? ,=k ( ! ,platte4--,good road ov] high prairie4 ,five miles be=e rea*+ ! riv] ! ,*]okee trail turns to ! left1 & crosses ?ree miles above4 ,good camps on ! riv]4 #c-a_/b4 ,fir/ ,cross+ ( ,sage ,creek4--,good road4 ,grass n pl5ty4 #aj-a_/b4 ,second ,cross+ ( ,sage ,creek4--,road runs ?r\gh ,sage ,creek ,valley2 hilly1 brok51 & /]ile c\ntry1 cov]$ ) sage-bru%4 ,grass n abundant4 ,*]okee trail leaves ?ree miles back4 #d4 ,?ird ,cross+ ( ,sage ,creek4--,road cont9ues ?r\gh sage-bru%4 ,grass gets bett]4 #c4 ,f\r? ,cross+ ( ,sage ,creek4--,good grass1 wood1 & wat]4 #i4 ,bridg]'s ,pass4--,road runs ov] a hilly c\ntry1 cross+ sev]al small bran*es1 ) a little grass ^u _! banks2 c\ntry cov]$ ) sage4 #c-a_/b4 ,muddy ,creek4--,! valley ( ! ,muddy is deep & n>r[ at fir/1 & aft]w>d op5s out4 ,! cross+s ( ?is creek 7 ei!r bridg$ or pav$ by ! troops 9 #aheh4 ,b little grass 9 ?is valley4 #bj-a_/b4 ,ne> ,muddy ,creek4--,v little grass2 poor camp4 #af-a_/b4 ,bridg]'s ,=k ( ! ,muddy ,creek4--,! road = ?irte5 miles runs ov] a roll+ c\ntry1 !n ov] a r\gh1 brok5 c\ntry1 ) deep rav9es4 ,no wat] 9 ?is =k 9 a dry season2 small spr+s ( bracki% wat] ne> ! cross+4 ,grass poor4 #d4 ,small ,spr+4--,wat] bad2 grass poor4 #b-a_/b4 ,small ,spr+4--,9 ! bluff4 ,wat] bad2 grass poor4 #a4 ,hay/ack4--,clay butte4 ,spr+ 9 ! dry b$ ( ! creek4 ,bun*-grass4 #e-a_/b4 ,small ,spr+s4--,9 bluffs on ! "r ( ! road4 ,grass poor & wat] bad4 #g-a_/b4 ,spr+s4--,!re is a f9e spr+ at ! foot ( a /eep hill on ! s\? side ( ! road4 ,v little grass2 ru%es on ! creek4 #c-a_/b4 ,s\? ,=k ( ,bitt] ,creek4--,good grass & wat]4 #ad-c_/d4 ,on ,bitt] ,creek4--,c\ntry hilly1 & int]sect$ ) deep rav9es4 ,s\? ,=k is a f9e /ream ( good wat]4 #af4 ,sulphur ,spr+s4--,road v hilly1 cross+ _m deep rav9es4 ,grass & sage pl5ty4 #i4 ,bitt] ,creek ,cross+4--,no grass at ! cross+4 ,wat] bitt] :5 ! creek is d[n1 b tol]able 9 high wat]4 ,road r\gh1 ) num]\s rav9es4 #ah-a_/b4 ,nor? ,=k ( ,bitt] ,creek4--,*]okee trail ent]s ne> ! cross+4 ,road good1 b little grass except 9 spots4 ,sage = fuel4 #d4 ,bluffs4--,spr+s ( good wat] 9 ! elevat$ bluffs on ! "r ( ! road 9 ! cottonwood groves4 ,grass good & abundant at ! base ( ! bluffs4 #aa-c_/d4 ,gre5 ,riv]4--,road is v r\gh & hilly1 & w9ds along ! valley ( ! creek4 ,good camp on ! riv]1 ) pl5ty ( wood & grass4 #ae-c_/d4 ,cross+ ( ,black's ,=k4--,road runs up ?r\gh ,rabbit ,holl[1 :i* is /eep & s&y2 x !n passes ov] roll+ prairie to ,black's ,=k4 ,bun*-grass on ! hills1 & good camp at ! cross+4 #aa-a_/d4 ,=t ,l>amie ,road4--,roll+ c\ntry2 good road ?r\gh sage bu%es4 ,good camps along ! creek4 #e-c_/d4 ,ham's ,=k4--,good camp on ei!r side ( ! creek4 ,unit$ ,/ates bridge "h2 good road4 #c_/d4 ,black's ,=k ,cross+4--,good =d except 9 high wat]1 :5 ! "r-h& road on ! nor? bank ( ! creek is g5]ally travel$4 #ad-a_/b4 ,f\r? ,cross+ ( ,black's ,=k4--,good road2 f9e camp2 pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #b-c_/d4 ,fif? ,cross+ ( ,black's ,=k4--,good camp2 good road4 #b-c_/d4 ,smi?'s ,=k4--,good camp2 good road4 #aa-c_/d4 ,=t ,bridg]4--,good camp ne>2 good road4 ,total di/ance f ! ,l>amie ,cross+ ( ! ,s\? ,platte to ,=t ,bridg]1 #ebj-a_/b miles4 ,by ! ,=t ,l>amie road ! di/ance is #efi miles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxv4--,wagon-r\te f ,d5v] ,city1 at ! ,m\? ( ,*]ry ,creek1 to ,=t ,bridg]1 ,utah4 ,miles4 ,d5v] ,city to #e4 ,vasquez ,=k4--,good road & f9e camp4 #ai-a_/b4 ,?ompson's ,=k4--,road crosses ?ree creeks ab\t five miles ap>t1 is good1 & ! camp is well suppli$ ) wat] & grass1 b wood is sc>ce4 #af-a_/b4 ,b5t's ,=k4--,road crosses two /reams ab\t five miles ap>t2 no wood on ! fir/4 ,good camp4 #bf4 ,ca%e la ,p\dre ,riv]4--,excell5t road cross+ two /reams at t5 & tw5ty-?ree miles f ! la/ camp2 good camps on bo?4 ,ca%e la ,p\dre is a f9e l>ge /ream :i* issues f ! m\nta9s ne> ! road1 & is difficult to cross 9 high wat]4 ,x has a firm bottom4 ,good camps along ?is /ream1 ) pl5ty ( wood & grass4 #af4 ,beav] ,creek4--,road turns to ! left & ent]s ! hills1 asc5d+ v gradually betwe5 two l9es ( bluffs1 & is good except 9 wet wea!r4 ,good camp4 #ai4 ,small ,bran*4--,road crosses ,beav] ,creek ?ree times1 af=d+ good camps4 ,road is hilly1 b n v r\gh1 pass+ = a portion ( ! di/ance ?r\gh a timb]$ region4 ,elk & m\nta9 %eep are abundant 9 ?is section4 ,! camp is ne> ! summit ( ! divide4 ,grass %ort4 #ag-a_/b4 ,tribut>y ( ,l>amie ,riv]4--,good road on ! divide4 ,grass & wat] pl5ty1 b wood n abundant4 #ah-a_/b4 ,tribut>y ( ,l>amie ,riv]4--,road passes ,l>amie ,=k ?ree miles f ! la/ camp4 ,good camp4 #ba4 ,tribut>y ( ,l>amie ,riv]4--,road crosses a small creek at #ad miles f la/ camp4 ,f9e camp4 #ag4 ,m$ic9e ,b[ ,creek4--,at twelve miles ! road crosses ,sulphur ,spr+ ,creek1 & at ! ,we/ ,=k ( ! ,l>amie ,lieut5ant ,bryan's road ent]s4 ,at t5 miles f ! la/ camp !re are two roads--"o1 ,bryan's1 lead+ nor? ( ! ,m$ic9e ,b[ ,butte1 & ! o!r to ! s\? ( x4 ,! =m] is ! be/4 ,good camp4 #ag-a_/b4 ,prairie ,creek4--,f9e camp4 ,a portion ( ! road is v r\gh4 ,x crosses sev]al small bran*es ^u :i* good camps may be _h4 ,f9e game section1 ) be>1 elk1 etc41 9 great abundance4 #ab-a_/b4 ,nor? ,=k ( ! ,platte4--,excell5t camp4 ,leave ,bryan's road f\r miles back1 tak+ ! left1 :i* is altoge!r ! be/ ( ! two4 ,! cross+ ( ! ,platte is good except 9 high wat]1 :5 x is v rapid4 ,a flat-boat 0 left "h by ,colonel ,lor+'s comm& 9 #aheh4 #ab-a_/b4 ,cle> ,creek4--,sage = fuel2 grass %ort4 #bc4 ,dry ,creek4--,road leaves ,bryan's trail to ,bridg]'s ,pass1 & be>s to ! "r1 pass+ ov] a smoo? c\ntry cov]$ ) sage & poorly wat]$2 passes a pond ( milky wat] at ?irte5 miles4 ,!re is wat] 9 ,dry ,creek except 9 a v dry season4 ,two miles f ! creek1 on ! old trail1 !re is a f9e spr+ on ! left ( ! road1 :i* runs d[n into ! road1 & "h is ! be/ grass aft] leav+ ! ,platte1 ) pl5ty ( fuel4 #aj-a_/b4 ,muddy ,creek4--,road leaves ! old ,*]okee trail at ,dry ,creek1 & be>s to ! left4 ,good camp = a limit$ numb] ( animals2 f9e grass along ne> ! bank ( ! creek4 ,bad cross+4 ,buffalo se5 "h4 #ai-a_/b4 ,lake4--,old trail ent]s ne> ?is camp4 ,road passes a bracki% spr+ f\r miles back4 ,! road may be %ort5$ by be>+ to ! left & skirt+ ! hills = ab\t six miles be=e rea*+ ! lake4 ,! wat] 9 ! lake is n good1 b dr9kable1 & w be abundant except 9 ! v drye/ "p ( ! summ]4 ,grass is good on ! hills4 ,! road f ,dry ,creek is %ort] ?an ! old road by #cj miles4 #bd-a_/b4 ,r$ ,lakes4--,road is good1 b trav]ses a v dry & /]ile region4 ,! wat] is n good 9 ! lakes1 b dr9kable1 & may g dry 9 midsumm]4 ,grass tol]able4 #bb4 ,sem9oes ,spr+4--,aft] pass+ ! flats at ! ,r$ ,lakes ! road is smoo? & good1 & !re is a good camp at ,sem9oes ,spr+4 #ab-a_/b4 ,bitt] ,creek4--,new road to ! left1 cutt+ (f t5 or twelve miles4 ,good camp2 wat] a little sal9e1 b dr9kable4 #be4 ,sulphur ,spr+4--,road runs along ! valley ( ,bitt] ,creek1 :]e !re is b little grass until rea*+ camp4 ,animals %\ld be driv5 across ! creek into ! hills1 :]e ! be/ grass is f\nd4 #ag4 ,gre5 ,riv]4--,road leaves ,bitt] ,creek at ,sulphur ,spr+1 & passes ne>1 "s high bluffs1 :]e !re are small spr+s & good grass4 ,excell5t camp at ,gre5 ,riv]4 ,f "h ! road runs ov] ! same track z ,bryan's road to ,=t ,bridg]4 ,f all ! in=mation ,i h be5 able to obta9 reg>d+ ,lieut5ant ,bryan's road f ,sage ,creek ?r\gh ,bridg]'s ,pass1 & !nce d[n ! ,muddy ,creek1 ,i am incl9$ to believe t ! road we travel$ is mu* ! be/4 ,x is said t ,lieut5ant ,bryan's r\te f ,bridg]'s ,pass to ,gre5 ,riv] has a sc>city ( grass4 ,! wat] is bracki%1 & ! supply limit$1 & may fail altoge!r 9 a dry season4 ,! road passes ?r\gh deep valleys & canons1 cross+ muddy creeks & deep rav9es4 ,! creeks h be5 bridg$ & ! rav9es cut d[n s z to =m a practicable road2 b fre%ets w probably occur 9 ! spr+1 :i* w de/roy a great deal ( ! "w1 & may r5d] ! road impassable4--,lieut5ant ,duane's ,notes4 ,! o!r road is = ! great] "p ( ! di/ance smoo?1 & has a suffici5cy ( grass 9 places1 b ! wat] may become sc>ce 9 a v dry season4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxvi4--,f ,nebraska ,city1 on ! ,miss\ri1 to ,=t ,ke>ney4 ,nebraska ,city1 on ! ,miss\ri ,riv]1 is a po9t f :5ce a l>ge am\nt ( ! supplies = ! army 9 ,utah are s5t1 & "o ( ! contractors1 ,mr4 ,alex&] ,majors1 speaks ( ?is r\te 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,! milit>y road f ,=t ,leav5wor? crosses v _m tribut>ies ( ! ,kansas ,riv]1 ! ,soldi]1 ! ,gras%opp]1 etc41 etc41 :i* are at all times difficult ( passage4 ,!re are no bridges1 or b few1 & ^? ( b little s]vice4 ,f ,nebraska ,city to ,=t ,ke>ney1 :i* is a fix$ po9t = ! junction ( all roads pass+ up ! ,platte1 we h b "o /ream ( any mom5t to cross4 ,t "o is ,salt ,creek1 a /ream :i* is n[ pav$ at a %all[ =d ) solid rock4 ,!re is no o!r /ream :i*1 ev5 9 a high fre%et1 w\ld /op a tra9 a s+le day4 ,aga91 ^u ?is r\te we h an abundance ( good graz+ e foot ( ! way to ,=t ,ke>ney4 ,! r\te f ,nebraska ,city is ab\t #ajj miles %ort] to ,=t ,ke>ney ?an t f ,=t ,leav5wor?1 ! =m] be+ less ?an #bjj miles & ! latt] ab\t #cjj miles4 ,f ,nebraska ,city to ,salt ,creek is444444 #dj miles4 ,f ,salt ,creek to ,elm ,creek is4444444444 #fj ,f ,elm ,creek to ,=t ,ke>ney is44444444 #ajj ,^u ! entire r\te !re is an abundance ( wood1 wat]1 & grass1 & camp+-places frequ5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxvii4--,f ,camp ,floyd1 ,utah1 to ,=t ,union1 ,new ,mexico4 ,by ,colonel ,w4 ,w4 ,,lor+1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,miles4 ,camp ,floyd to #bc4 ,go%54--,! road runs ?r\gh ,c$> ,valley2 is level & good = #aa miles1 to :]e ! road =ks4 ,! left runs ne> ! lake1 & has good camps ^u x4 ,!nce to a f9e spr+1 :]e !re is a good camp1 is #c miles4 ,grass cont9ues good to ! camp ne> ,go%54 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #ad4 ,salt ,creek4--,road runs ov] a m\nta9 9 a direct c\rse to a f9e spr+ bran*1 :i* runs into ,salt ,creek at #c-a_/b miles1 :]e is a good camp2 !nce ?r\gh a mead[ to a small bran* #c miles1 /rik+ ! old ,mormon road aga9 opposite a mud =t1 :]e !re is a f9e spr+ & good camp2 !nce into ! valley ( ,salt ,creek1 :]e !re are good camps4 #ah4 ,pleasant ,creek4--,ne> ! la/ camp ! road =ks1 "o runn+ to ,nephi1 a small ,mormon village1 ! o!r to ,salt ,creek ,canon1 :i* is ! "o to be tak54 ,! road runs up ! canon #e miles2 !nce up its small "r-h& =k to a spr+1 #c miles2 !nce to camp4 ,good camps c be f\nd any :]e aft] cross+ ,salt ,creek1 ) abundance ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ai-a_/b4 ,will[ ,creek4--,road at #f-a_/b miles passes a f9e spr+2 half a mile f>!r is ano!r spr+1 :]e ! road =ks4 ,take ! "r ?r\gh a mead[2 x is #c or #d miles %ort]4 ,to ! cross+ is #c miles2 !nce to ! ma9 road aga9 #c miles2 to ! village ( ,ephraim #e miles4 ,good camp4 #ab4 ,l$9iqu9t ,creek4--,at #f miles pass ,manti2 !nce to ,salt & ,sulphur ,spr+s is #c miles4 ,good camp1 ) a f9e spr+1 wood1 & grass4 #ae4 ,l$9iqu9t ,creek4--,road passes ov] a rugg$ c\ntry = #d miles1 to a creek2 !nce "o mile x crosses ano!r creek2 !nce #b-a_/b miles up ! creek1 :]e !re is a good camp4 ,! road improves1 & = #h or #i miles camps c be f\nd by leav+ ! creek a %ort di/ance4 ,! creek on :i* ! camp is muddy1 ) n>r[ *annel4 #ah4 ,onapah ,creek1 or ,salt ,creek4--,road is good ov] a b>r5 c\ntry to ! po9t$ r$ hills ne> ! entrance to ,wasat* ,pass1 #g miles4 ,f ! r$ hills cross ,salt ,creek #c times 9 #d miles2 grass fair at #b;d cross+2 v good at #c;d cross+1 & a good camp4 ,road r\gh = #c miles aft] leav+ ! creek4 ,! road !n ent]s a f9e valley1 ) pl5ty ( blue & bun* grass4 ,road is level to )9 a mile ( ! camp4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant at camp4 #g-a_/b4 ,head ( ,bran* ( ,salt ,creek4--,road runs ov] a ridge at #b miles1 !nce "o mile to a small bran*4 ,grass abundant4 ,road runs along ! bran* #c miles2 9 places v r\gh1 ) "s s&2 asc5ds ! entire di/ance1 & ! camp is v elevat$4 ,good spr+ at camp4 #e-c_/d4 ,salt ,creek4--,road passes ov] a ridge #b-a_/b miles to a spr+4 ,good camp at ?is spr+4 ,colonel ,lor+ work$ ! road at ?is place4 ,x crosses ! creek #f times )9 ! #e-c_/d miles4 ,good camp1 ) abundance ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #f-a_/b4 ,silv] ,creek4--,road trav]ses a roll+ section1 is good1 passes sev]al spr+s :]e !re are good camps1 & crosses sev]al trails :i* lead f ,cali=nia to ,new ,mexico4 #ag-a_/b4 ,m$ia ,creek4--,at two miles ! road passes ! divid+ ridge betwe5 ! wat]s ( ,salt ,lake & ,gre5 ,riv]2 !nce two miles' desc5t to ,%ipley ,creek1 :]e is a good camp4 ,= ab\t a mile ! road is r\gh1 b !n desc5ds into an op5 pla9 :]e ! road is good4 ,! gr\nd is r\gh ab\t ! camp1 & cov]$ ) sage & greasewood4 ,two miles up ! creek1 ne> ! canon1 is "s grass1 b x is n abundant "h4 #ai-c_/d4 ,/4 ,raphael ,creek4--,road passes a roll+ section = #e miles2 !nce #a-a_/b mile to ,g>amboy] ,creek1 :]e !re is a good camp2 !nce1 ) ! exception ( a %ort di/ance1 ! road is good to ! ,knobs1 #i miles1 :5 x is brok5 = #d-a_/b miles4 ,good camp4 #aa-c_/d4 ,san ,matio ,creek4--,= #c miles ! road is ov] a roll+ section1 ) /eep hills1 to a creek1 :]e is a good camp2 !nce1 = #c miles along ! creek1 s(t soil & heavy road2 !nce #e miles to ano!r creek1 "s grass1 b n pl5ty2 !nce to camp ! road is r\gh 9 places4 ,good camp4 #ad-a_/d4 ,9 ! ,hills4--,road runs ov] a roll+ c\ntry #b-a_/b miles to ,san ,m>cos1 or ,tanoje ,creek1 :]e !re is good grass & wat]1 ) sage4 ,two miles f>!r ov] a gravelly road1 !n a good pla9 road = #i-c_/d miles to camp4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #bc4 ,spr+4--,road = ! fir/ t5 miles is rocky1 :5 x /rikes a spr+1 :]e !re is a good camp2 !nce #b miles to wat] 9 a tank1 n p]man5t2 !nce ! road is on a ridge = #f miles1 & is good2 !nce #c miles ! road is s&y4 ,! spr+ at camp is l>ge1 ) pl5ty ( wood1 b ! grass is sc>ce4 ,d[n ! creek x is m abundant4 #ah4 ,gre5 ,riv]4--,= #e miles ! road is s&y2 !nce ! road is good = ! rema9d] ( ! di/ance to camp1 :]e !re is pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ac4 #ac-,mile ,spr+4--,gre5 ,riv] c be =d$ at ord9>y /ages4 ,road runs among sev]al arroyas = a few miles1 & is !n /raight & good to camp4 ,good grass a mile to ! ea/ ( camp4 ,an ,arroya4--,road runs betwe5 two rocky buttes1 & /rikes ! ,mormon trail1 :i* leaves ,gre5 ,riv] at ! same place1 b is v tortu\s4 ,wat] n p]man5t "h2 good grass ?ree f\r?s ( a mile f camp4 #bj-a_/d4 ,cottonwood ,creek4--,road passes ov] a brok5 c\ntry to a wat]-hole1 #i miles2 grass abundant2 !nce !re is s& 9 places3 crosses sev]al arroyas4 ,camp is betwe5 two m\nta9s4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass abundant4 #ab4 ,gr& ,riv]4--,road is ov] a roll+ c\ntry2 9 places light s& & heavy = wagons4 ,good camp4 #ac4 ,gr& ,riv]4--,road is roll+ & s&y4 ,! ,mormon road runs ne>] ! m\nta9s1 & ,colonel ,lor+ ?9ks x is bett] ?an ! "o he travel$4 ,good camp4 #af-c_/d4 #a-a_/b mile f ,gr& ,riv]4--,! fir/ #c miles is level1 !n ! road passes ov] a v elevat$ ridge1 & desc5ds into ! valley4 ,gr& ,riv] runs ?r\gh a canon1 & c n be rea*$ ) ! animals4 ,road 9 places s&y4 ,good camp4 #i-a_/b4 ,gr& ,riv]4--,at two miles /rike ,salt ,creek1 :]e ! ,mormon road passes up a dry creek t[>d ,gray ,m\nta94 ,road skirts ! m\nta9s along ,gr& ,riv]1 & is r\gh 9 places1 pass+ ov] abrupt hills4 ,good camp4 #af-c_/d4 ,gr& ,riv]4--,road runs ov] a level & firm section1 ) good camps at any po9t along ! riv]4 ,cross ! ,mormon & o!r trails4 ,good =d at ! cross+ except 9 high wat]4 ,good camp4 #ah-a_/b4 ,on an ,arroya4--,road runs ov] an undulat+ surface1 cross+ sev]al small /reams issu+ f ,elk ,m\nta91 af=d+ good camps at almo/ any place1 & /rikes ,m>cy's & ,gunnison's trails4 ,good camp4 #ae-a_/d4 ,gr& ,riv]4--,roll+ c\ntry2 high ridges ) abrupt slopes = #f-a_/d miles2 !nce into a pla9 = #g-a_/d miles to ,d\ble ,creek4 ,good camps4 #ab4 ,oncompagre ,riv]4--,good =d except 9 high wat]4 ,at #f miles cross a dry creek2 !nce #c miles ov] a high1 level1 & firm road2 /rike a l>ge trail2 desc5d a hill ) g5tle slope into ! ,valley ( ,oncompagre1 :]e !re are f9e camps4 ,w9t] resort = ,ute ,indians4 #ad-a_/b4 ,oncompagre ,riv]4--,road runs along ! valley ( ! ,oncompagre1 is good1 & camps may be f\nd at any po9t1 ) pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ac4 ,c$> ,creek4--,road leaves ! ,oncompagre1 & be>s to ! ea/ up ,c$> ,creek to ! gap 9 ! m\nta9s1 #f miles2 !nce up ! valley ( ,c$> ,creek to camp1 :]e are wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,! ,gap is ! fir/ op5+ 9 ! m\nta9s above ! m\? ( ! ,oncompagre4 #h-c_/d4 ,devil's ,creek4--,road runs to ! head ( ,c$> ,creek1 ov] ! divide1 into ! valley ( ,devil's ,creek1 & is r\gh1 ) a /eep desc5t4 ,camp is ne> a n>r[ canon call$ ,devil's ,gate1 ) high p]p5dicul> bluffs4 ,good camp4 #c4 ,nor? ,=k ( ,devil's ,creek4--,road v rocky1 & work$ by ,colonel ,lor+4 ,m>cy's & ,gunnison's trails pass "h4 ,good camp4 #g-c_/d4 ,cebola ,creek4--,road passes ov] abrupt hills cov]$ ) p9e4 ,good camp4 #e-a_/b4 ,ruidos ,creek4--,road r\gh1 ) abrupt asc5ts & desc5ts4 ,f9e creek #e feet wide1 & good camp4 #ac4 ,gr& ,riv]4--,road r smoo? = ! fir/ #c miles1 !n r\gh & rocky1 cross+ sev]al creeks1 & desc5d+ into ! valley ( ! ,gr& or ,eagle-tail ,riv]1 :]e is a good camp4 ,pl5ty ( brook tr\t 9 all ! /reams 9 ?is section4 #ad-a_/b4 ,gr& ,riv]4--,road crosses ! riv] ?ree times2 bottom wide2 grass & wood abundant4 ,cross sev]al beautiful /reams1 ^u :i* are good camps4 ,"s s& & r\gh places1 b g5]ally good road4 ,game & brook tr\t abundant 9 ?is region4 ,indians resort to ?is section a great deal4 #ah4 ,cutebetope ,creek4--,at ab\t #e miles ! ,cutebetope ,creek ent]s1 =m+ at ! conflu5ce a beautiful valley1 :i* ! road crosses1 & /rikes ! creek ne> ! ,po9t ( ,rocks1 :]e ! valley is only #dj y>ds wide1 b aft] pass+ ! ,po9t x op5s aga94 ,! c\rse ( ! creek is ne>ly nor?4 ,good camps4 #bj4 ,spr+ ne> ,beav] ,creek4--,road crosses sev]al small creeks1 :]e are good camp+-places4 ,good camp4 #af-c_/d4 ,sawat* ,creek4--,road runs ov] a v r\gh & m\nta9\s section = #ad miles to ! summit ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 !nce x desc5ds to camp1 :]e grass1 wood1 & wat] are abundant4 #ba-a_/b4 ,sawat* ,creek4--,road r\gh & rocky 9 places2 /rikes ! ma9 ,sawat* ,creek at #i-a_/b miles2 crosses num]\s small bran*es1 :]e are grass1 wood1 & good wat] 9 abundance4 #be-a_/b4 ,cam]o ,creek4--,road = #g miles1 to ,sawat* ,buttes1 is good2 !nce #a-a_/b mile to ! la/ cross+ ( ! ,sawat*1 :]e is a good camp+-place4 ,good camp at ,cam]o ,creek4 #c-a_/b4 ,g>ita ,creek4--,good road & good camp4 #af-a_/b4 ,rio ,gr&e4--,road level & good4 ,good camps along ! riv] at almo/ any po9t4 #f4 ,rio ,gr&e4--,good road & camp4 #ag-a_/b4 ,=t ,g>l&1 ,hay ,camp4--,road cont9ues d[n ! riv]1 & is good4 ,= six miles !re is timb]1 b aft] ?is will[ is ! only wood to camp4 ,good road4 ,hay is cut at ?is place = ,=ts ,massa*usetts & ,g>l&4 #af4 ,culebra ,creek4--,at #d-c_/d miles cross ,tr9*]a ,creek1 :]e is a good camp4 ,road r s&y4 ,good camps any :]e on ,culebra ,creek4 #bd-c_/d4 ,latos ,creek4--,road tol]able to ,co/illa ,creek1 #aj-c_/d miles4 ,good camp4 #ad4 ,ascequia1 ne> ,lama ,creek4--,road crosses sev]al small bran*es4 ,at #i-a_/b miles /rike ,r$ ,riv]4 ,grass at camp good1 b n abundant4 #ai-c_/d4 ,mead[ ne> ,indian ,puebla4--,at #f miles ! road crosses ! ,san ,*ri/obal2 !nce ov] ano!r ridge into ! valley ( ! ,rio ,hondo4 ,camp #b miles f ,taos4 #b4 ,taos1 ,new ,mexico4--,good road4 ,at ,taos are sev]al /ores1 :]e goods ( all descriptions c be _h at fair prices4 #ac4 ,taos ,creek ,canon4--,road passes ?r\gh ! settlem5t1 :]e gra9 & vegetables c be obta9$4 ,x !n ent]s ! ,taos ,canon at #c miles1 & crosses ! ,canon ,creek frequ5tly to camp4 ,good camp4 #bi4 ,gaudelapepita4--,at #e miles ! road asc5ds to ! divid+ ridge1 & is tol]able2 !nce 9 #d miles cross ! m\nta91 & rea* a f9e spr+ bran*1 :]e is a f9e camp4 ,!nce ! road passes %ort ridges = #i miles to ,black ,lake4 ,good camp4 ,=t ,union4--,road foll[s ,coyote ,canon #c miles2 !nce "o mile to ,mexican settlem5t2 !nce #ai-a_/b miles ov] ! prairie to ! =t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,colonel ,lor+ came ov] ! r\te f ,camp ,floyd to ,=t ,union ) a l>ge tra9 ( wagons4 ,he1 h[ev]1 f\nd ! road 9 _m places ^u ! m\nta9s v r\gh1 & x w require work+ be=e x w be suitable = g5]al travel ) load$ wagons4 ,x is an excell5t r\te = summ] travel ) pack tra9s1 & is well suppli$ ) ! requisites = encamp+4 ,f ,=t ,union to ,=t ,g>l& ! road passes ?r\gh a settl$ c\ntry1 :]e supplies ( gra9 & vegetables c at all times be pur*as$ at reasonable prices1 & !re are small t[ns met ) dur+ almo/ e day's m>* :]e small %ops supply su* articles ( m]*&ise z ! travel] ne$s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xxviii4--,wagon-r\te f ,guaymas1 ,new ,mexico1 to ,tubac1 ,arizona4 ,f ,capta9 ,,/one',s ,j\rnal4 ,miles4 ,guaymas to #aj-a_/d4 ,ran*o del ,cavallo4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #i4 ,ran*o de la ,no*e ,bu5a4--,good wood & grass1 b no wat] = animals 9 ,may & ,june4 #ai-e_/h4 ,ran*o de la ,cunegu9ta4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass ! ye> r\nd2 wat] 9 tanks & wells4 #ae-c_/d4 ,ran*o del ,posito4--,good wood & grass ! ye> r\nd2 wat] = m5 at all times1 & = animals except 9 ! mon?s ( ,may & ,june4 #h4 ,ran*o de la ,palma4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass at all times4 #af-c_/h4 ,ran*o de la ,paza4--,good wood1 wat]1 & grass at all seasons4 #af4 ,h]mosillo4--,?is is a t[n ( #aj1jjj inhabitants1 on ,sonora ,riv]1 :]e all supplies may be procur$4 #ac4 ,haci5da de ,alamito4--,pl5ty ( runn+ wat]1 wood1 grass1 & gra94 #h4 ,haci5da de la ,labor4--,pl5ty ( runn+ wat]1 grass1 & gra94 #bh4 ,ran*o de ,tabique4--,r\ghe/ "p ( ! road1 b n difficult = wagons4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 ,f ,h]mosillo to ?is place !re is wat] at %ort int]vals along ! road4 #cf4 ,ran*o ,qu]ebabi4--,wood & grass2 wat] 9 tanks4 #ab4 ,b>ajita4--,small m9+ village4 ,bad wat]2 good wood & grass4 #ac4 ,santa ,ana4--,village on ! ,riv] ,san ,ignacio4 ,pl5ty ( wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ab4 ,la ,magdal5a4--,?riv+ t[n1 :]e all supplies c be procur$4 #e4 ,san ,ignacio4--,village on ! riv]4 ,good wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #f-c_/d4 ,imuris4--,village on ! riv]4 ,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #aa-a_/b4 ,los ,alisos ,ran*o4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #c-a_/b4 ,la ,casita4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #c-a_/b4 ,cibuta4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #aa-a_/d4 ,agua ,z>ca4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #bc-a_/d4 ,ran*o de las ,calabasas4--,wood1 wat]1 & grass4 #ac4 ,tubac4--,silv] m9es at ?is place4 ,total di/ance f ,guaymas to ,tubac1 #bie miles4 ,,note4--,dur+ ! mon?s ( ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]1 wat] w be f\nd at almo/ any "p ( ! road f ,la ,casita to ,h]mosillo4 ,!re is no lack ( wood or grass on any "p ( ! road f ,guaymas to ! fronti]4 ,! only difficulty 9 encamp+ at almo/ any po9t ^u ! road is t ( obta9+ wat] 9 ! dry season1 i4e41 f ,febru>y to ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,! rem>ks = ea* place apply to ! mo/ unfavorable seasons4 ,,app5dix4 ,a4 ,portable ,boat4 ,a boat has be5 inv5t$ by ,colonel ,r4 ,c4 ,bu*anan1 ( ! army1 :i* has be5 us$ 9 sev]al exp$itions 9 ,oregon & 9 ,wa%+ton ,t]ritory1 & has be5 highly comm5d$ by sev]al exp]i5c$ (fic]s :o h _h ! opportunity ( giv+ its m]its a practical s]vice te/4 ,x consi/s ( an exce$+ly light framework ( ?9 & n>r[ bo>ds1 9 l5g?s suitable = pack+1 connect$ by h+es1 ! diff]5t sections fold+ into s small a compass z to be conv5i5tly c>ri$ ^u mules4 ,! frame is cov]$ ) a %eet ( /\t cotton canvas1 or duck1 secur$ to ! gunwales ) a cord runn+ diagonally back & =? ?r\gh eyelet-holes 9 ! upp] edge4 ,:5 fir/ plac$ 9 ! wat] ! boat leaks a little1 b ! canvas soon swells s z to make x suffici5tly tight = all practical purposes4 ,! great advantage to be d]iv$ f ! use ( ?is boat is1 t x is s compact & portable z to be admirably adapt$ to ! requirem5ts ( campaign+ 9 a c\ntry :]e ! /reams are liable to rise above a =d+ /age1 & :]e ! all[ance ( transportation is small4 ,x may be put toge!r or tak5 ap>t & pack$ 9 a v few m9utes1 & "o mule suffices to transport a boat1 ) all its appurt5ances1 capable ( su/a9+ t5 m54 ,%\ld ! canvas become torn1 x is easily repair$ by putt+ on a pat*1 & x does n rot or crack l ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a2 moreov]1 x is n affect$ by *anges ( climate or temp]ature4 ,b4 ,w9t] ,travel+4 ,9 travel+ ?r\gh deep sn[1 horses w be f\nd mu* bett] ?an mules1 z ! latt] soon become disc\rag$1 lie d[n1 & refuse to put =? ! lea/ ex]tion1 :ile ! =m] w "w z long z _! /r5g? holds out4 ,:5 ! sn[ is dry1 & n deep] ?an #b-a_/b feet1 horses 9 good condition1 w walk ?r\gh x )\t mu* difficulty1 & ?r[ aside ! sn[ s z to op5 q a track4 ,if !re are sev]al horses !y %\ld be *ang$ frequ5tly1 z ! labor ^u ! lead+ "o is v sev]e4 ,:5 ! sn[ is deep] ?an #b-a_/b feet1 x becomes v difficult = animals to wade ?r\gh x1 & !y soon we>y & give out4 ,! be/ plan1 "u su* circum/ances 7& x is ! "o ,i adopt$ 9 cross+ ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :]e ! sn[ 0 f two to five feet ^u ! gr\nd71 is to place all ! disposable m5 9 advance ( ! animals to break ! track1 requir+ !m to alt]nate f front to re> at regul> int]vals ( "t4 ,9 ?is mann] a track is beat5 ov] :i* animals pass ) comp>ative ease4 ,:5 ! sn[ increases to ab\t f\r feet1 x is impossible = ! lead+ m5 to walk erect ?r\gh x1 & two or ?ree ( !m are compell$ to crawl ^u _! h&s & knees1 all be+ c>eful to place _! h&s & feet 9 ! same holes t h be5 made by ^? 9 advance4 ,?is packs ! sn[ s t x w su/a9 ! o!rs walk+ erect1 & aft] #bj or #cj h pass$ x becomes suffici5tly firm to be> up ! animals4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is an exce$+ly labori\s & sl[ process1 b x is ! only alt]native :5 a p>ty f9ds itself 9 ! mid/ ( v deep sn[s 9 a wild]ness4 ,animals1 9 walk+ ov] su* a track z has be5 m5tion$1 w soon acquire ! habit ( plac+ _! feet 9 ! holes t h be5 made by ! m52 &1 inde$1 if !y lose ! /ep or miss ! holes1 !y w fall d[n or s9k to _! bellies4 ,e>ly 9 ! w9t]1 :5 ! sn[ fir/ falls 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 x is s light & dry t sn[-%oes c n be us$ to advantage4 ,we tri$ ! exp]im5t :5 we cross$ ! m\nta9s 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 b f\nd x impossible to walk ^u !m4 ,%\ld a p>ty1 9 a c\ntry :]e ! sn[ is deep1 h ! mis=tune to lose its animals by freez+1 ! j\rney c n be cont9u$ = any great l5g? ( "t )\t devis+ "s me?od ( transport+ subsi/5ce besides t ( c>ry+ x ^u ! backs ( ! m51 z !y are unable to break a track ?r\gh deep sn[ :5 load$ d[n 9 ?is way4 ,! foll[+ plan has sugge/$ itself to me z be+ ! mo/ feasible1 & x is ! "o ,i resolv$ to adopt 9 ! ev5t ( los+ our mules fa/] ?an we requir$ !m = subsi/5ce :5 we pass$ ! ,m\nta9s4 ,take will[1 or o!r flexible rods1 & make long sl$s1 less 9 wid? ?an ! track1 secur+ ! cross-pieces ) ra:ide ?ongs4 ,sk9 ! animals1 & cut ! hides into pieces to fit ! bottom ( ! sl$s1 & make !m fa/1 ) ! hair on ! upp] side4 ,atta* a raw-hide ?ong to ! front = draw+ x1 & x is complete4 ,9 a v cold climate ! hide soon freezes1 becomes v solid1 & slips easily ov] ! sn[4 ,! meat & o!r articles to be transport$ are !n plac$ ^u ! sl$ s z n to project ov] ! sides1 & la%$ firmly4 ,lieut5ant ,cresswell1 :o 0 deta*$ f ,capta9 ,m',clure's %ip 9 ! ,arctic regions 9 #ahec1 says 8 m5 dragg$ #bjj p\nds ea* ^u sl$ges ov] ! ice4 ,!y c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 pull z mu* ov] deep sn[1 b x is believ$ t !y w\ld h no difficulty 9 transport+ half ?is am\nt1 :i* w\ld be suffici5t to keep !m f />vation at lea/ fifty days4 ,i am q confid5t t a p>ty ( m5 :o f9d !mselves involv$ 9 deep sn[s1 dep5d5t solely ^u _! own physical p[]s1 & )\t bea/s ( burd51 c prolong _! lives = a great] "t1 travel f>!r1 & p]=m m labor by adopt+ ! =ego+ sugge/ions ?an 9 any o!r way4 ,c4 ,indian ,signals4 ,:5 ,indians are pursu$ by a l>ge =ce1 & d n int5d to make resi/ance1 !y g5]ally scatt] z mu* z possible1 9 ord] to p]plex & ?r[ (f ^? :o foll[ _! trail1 b !y h an und]/&+ :]e !y are to r5dezv\s 9 advance4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 circum/ances may arise dur+ a rapid flight mak+ x necess>y = !m to alt] ^! plans1 & turn _! c\rse 9 ano!r direction4 ,:5 ?is happ5s1 !y are 9 ! habit ( leav+ beh9d !m "s well-und]/ood signals to indicate to _! fri5ds 9 ! re> ! *ange 9 _!-movem5ts4 ,= in/ance1 !y w sometimes leave a /ick or o!r object to attract att5tion1 & "u ?is bury an arr[ po9t+ 9 ! new direction !y int5d to take4 ,!y w !n cont9ue on = a "t 9 ! c\rse !y h be5 pursu+1 until !y get ^u h>d gr\nd1 :]e x is difficult to see _! tracks1 !n gradually turn _! c\rse 9 ! new direction4 ,,! ,,end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sket* ( ! ,,diff]5t ,,roads4