,illustration3 ,,ohio ,,arbor ,,day #aiac ,,department ,,of ,,education ,,state ,,of ,,ohio ,in ,accordance with ,section #ceh of the ,general ,code of ,ohio this ,arbor and ,bird ,day ,manual is ,issued for the ,benefit of the ,,schools ,,of ,,our ,,state ,compiled by ,,mrs4 ,,grace ,r4 ,,clifton ,issued by the ,,state ,,commissioner ,,of ,,common ,,schools ,,april #aiac ,columbus1 ,ohio3 ,the ,f4 ,j4 ,heer ,printing ,co4 #aiac ,,state ,,of ,,ohio ,executive ,department ,,office ,,of ,,the ,,governor4 ,,proclamation4 ,by authority of the law of the ,state of ,ohio1 ,friday1 ,april #dth1 #aiac1 is hereby named and set apart as ,,arbor ,,day4 ,the statutes provide that those in charge of public schools and institutions of learning are required to devote at least two hours to giving information to the pupils and students concerning the value and interest of forestry and the duty of the public to protect the birds thereof and also for planting forest trees4 ,it is well that our people have come to a full appreciation of the commercial1 as well as the sentimental value of these things4 ,this appreciation was arrived at through the proper inculcation into the minds of the young of the importance of observing the matters of nature upon which we are all so dependent4 ,but let us not confine our observance of ,arbor ,day alone to the schools and institutions of learning4 ,let us at least carry the spirit of the day also into our homes as well4 ,and above all1 let us be mindful at this time of the great scheme of nature wherein the humblest plant and flower1 as well as the lordliest of the animal creation1 has its proper place4 ,illustration3 ,ohio ,state ,seal ,,in ,,testimony ,,whereof1 ,i have hereunto subscribed my name and caused the ,great ,seal of the ,state to be affixed at ,columbus1 this fifteenth day of ,january1 in the year of our ,lord1 ,one ,thousand1 ,nine ,hundred and ,thirteen4 ,by the ,governor3 ,,james ,m4 ,,cox4 ,,chas4 ,h4 ,,graves ,secretary of ,state4 ,illustration3 7signed7 ,james ,m4 ,cox ,,section #ceh4 ,the state commissioner of common schools shall issue each year a manual for arbor day exercises4 ,the manual shall contain matters relating to forestry and birds1 including a copy of such laws relating to the protection of song and insectivorous birds as he deems proper4 ,he shall transmit copies of the manual to the superintendents of city1 village1 special and township schools and to the clerks of boards of education1 who shall cause them to be distributed among the teachers of the schools under their charge4 ,on arbor day1 and other days when convenient1 the teachers shall cause such laws to be read to the scholars of their respective schools and shall encourage them to aid in the protection of such birds4 ,,section #gfhh4 ,not later than ,april the governor of the state shall appoint and set apart one day in the spring season of each year1 as a day on which those in charge of the public schools and institutions of learning under state control1 or state patronage1 for at least two hours must give information to the pupils and students concerning the value and interest of forests1 the duty of the public to protect the birds thereof1 and also for planting forest trees4 ,such a day shall be known as ,arbor ,day4 ,,section #adji4 ,no persons shall catch1 kill1 injure1 pursue or have in his possession either dead or alive1 or purchase1 expose for sale1 transport or ship to a port within or without the state a turtle or mourning dove1 sparrow1 nuthatch1 warbler1 flicker1 vireo1 wren1 ,american robin1 catbird1 tanager1 bobolink1 blue jay1 oriole1 grosbeck or redbird1 creeper1 redstart1 waxwing1 woodpecker1 humming bird1 killdeer1 swallow1 blue bird1 blackbird1 meadow lark1 bunting1 starling1 redwing1 purple martin1 brown thresher1 ,american goldfinch1 chewink or ground robin1 pewee or phoebe bird1 chickadee1 fly catcher1 knat catcher1 mouse hawk1 whippoorwill1 snow bird1 titmouse1 gull1 eagle1 buzzard1 or any wild bird other than a game bird4 ,no part of the plumage1 skin or body of such bird shall be sold or had in possession for sale4 ,,section #adaj4 ,no person shall disturb or destroy the eggs1 nests or young of a bird named in the preceding section2 but nothing of the preceding section shall prohibit the killing of a chicken hawk1 blue hawk1 cooper hawk1 sharp skinned hawk1 crow1 great horned owl1 or ,english sparrow1 or the destroying of their nests1 or prohibit the owner or duly authorized agent of the premises from killing blackbirds at any time1 except on ,sunday1 when they are found to be a nuisance or are injuring grain or other property4 ,,introduction4 ,this ,arbor and ,bird ,day ,annual has been compiled and published for the benefit of the teachers of ,ohio4 ,it is our purpose to have this book used from the time it is received until the close of the school term4 ,we find that but few books written about birds and their habits come into the hands of the boys and girls2 therefore1 we have attempted to include as much additional information as possible concerning the most common birds of ,ohio4 ,you will find that the articles about birds are but a continuation of bird study found in the #aiab ,arbor and ,bird ,day ,annual4 ,we are under obligations to ,nature and ,life1 a publication of the ,audubon ,society1 for their articles1 for which credit is given after each selection4 ,johnny ,appleseed is a character with whom all the boys and girls should become acquainted4 ,c4 ,l4 ,martzolf's article about this peculiar man should be read carefully4 ,f4 ,b4 ,pearson contributed a fine description and history of the ,logan ,elm4 ,charles ,de,garmo of ,cornell ,university generously contributed two poems that have not appeared in print before this publication4 ,g4 ,r4 ,c4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,old ,,beech ,,tree1 ,,ohio ,,university ,,campus1 ,,athens1 ,,ohio4 ,,the ,,class ,,tree4 7,,tune3 ,,america47 ,grow thou and flourish well ,ever the story tell1 ,of this glad day2 ,long may thy branches raise ,to heaven our grateful praise ,waft them on sunlight rays ,to ,god away4 ,deep in the earth to-day1 ,safely thy roots we lay1 ,tree of our love2 ,grow thou and flourish long2 ,ever our grateful song ,shall its glad notes prolong ,to ,god above4 ,let music swell the breeze1 ,and ring from all the trees1 ,on this glad day3 ,bless ,thou each student band ,o'er all our happy land2 ,teach them ,thy love's command4 ,great ,god1 we pray4 --,emma ,s4 ,thomas1 ,schoharie1 ,n4,y41 in ,teacher's ,magazine4 ,,this ,,is ,,arbor ,,day4 7,,tune3 ,,lightly ,,row47 ,arbor ,day1 ,arbor ,day1 ,see1 the fields are fresh and green1 ,all is bright1 cheerful sight1 ,after winter's night4 ,birds are flying in the air1 ,all we see is fresh and fair2 ,bowers green now are seen1 ,flowers peep between4 ,swaying trees1 swaying trees1 ,rocking gently in the breeze1 ,dressed so gay1 fine array1 ,for this is ,arbor ,day4 ,while we plant our trees so dear1 ,all the others list to hear ,how we sing1 in the spring1 ,and our voices ring4 ,here we stand1 here we stand1 ,round the tree1 a royal band2 ,music floats1 cheering notes1 ,sweetly1 gaily floats4 ,march along with heads so high ,while our tree is standing nigh2 ,step away1 light and gay1 ,on this ,arbor ,day4 --,selected4 ,illustration3 ,this school building is located at ,pickerington1 ,fairfield ,county4 ,violet township helped to build this building1 and the town and township have among the best of the centralized schools of the state4 ,,why ,,we ,,plant ,,the ,,tree4 ,,first ,,pupil4 ,we plant the tree for the shade it gives2 ,for the shade of a leafy tree ,on a hot summer's day when the hot sun shines1 ,is pleasant for all to see4 ,,second ,,pupil4 ,we plant the tree for the dear birds' sakes1 ,for they can take their rest1 ,while the mate sings of love and cheer ,to the mother on her nest4 ,,third ,,pupil4 ,we plant the tree to please the eye1 ,for who does not like to see1 ,whether on hill or plain or dale1 ,the beauty of a tree8 ,,fourth ,,pupil4 ,we plant the tree for the wood to use ,in winter to keep us warm1 ,and for hall and church and store and house1 ,to have shelter from the storm4 --,primary ,education4 ,,what ,,the ,,tree ,,teaches ,,us4 ,,first ,,pupil4 ,i am taught by the oak ,to be rugged and strong ,in defence of the right2 ,in defiance of wrong4 ,,second ,,pupil4 ,i have learned from the maple1 ,that beauty1 to win ,the love all hearts1 ,must have sweetness within4 ,,third ,,pupil4 ,the beech with its branches ,widespreading and low1 ,awakes in my heart ,hospitality's glow4 ,,fourth ,,pupil4 ,the pine tells of constancy1 ,in its sweet voice2 ,it whispers of hope1 ,till sad mortals rejoice4 --,selected4 ,,arbor ,,day ,,fete4 ,,by ,,grace ,a4 ,,lusk1 ,,milwaukee4 7,stage1 if possible1 represents scene out-of-doors2 raised throne to right47 ,enter ,chorus4 ,every season hath its pleasures1 ,which we sing in joyous measures2 ,in ,summer's sunshine1 rich and sweet1 ,blossom flowers1 ripens wheat2 ,autumn puts the wood aflame1 ,poets give her beauties fame2 ,winter comes--a world of snow ,and crisp1 clear air make faces glow2 ,spring awakens ,nature dear1 ,song birds chant 'neath skies so clear1 ,every season hath its pleasures1 ,which we sing with joyous measures4 ,enter boy and girl 7with flag and drum74 ,boy3 ,in ,summer comes the joyous ,fourth1 ,i beat my drum for all ,i'm worth2 ,girl3 ,our crackers make a joyous noise1 ,for girls like fun as well as boys4 7,the holidays1 after speaking1 step to left and right of throne47 ,enter girl 7in ,puritan dress74 ,after reaping harvest's gold ,thanks we render1 for manifold ,the blessings are each passing year1 ,thanksgiving is a day of cheer4 ,enter girl 7in coat and furs1 arms full of packages and holly74 ,on the night before ,christmas ,there came to our house1 ,a right jolly old elf1 as still as a mouse2 ,he filled all the stockings1 ,trimmed each ,christmas tree1 ,made our ,christmas merry--a good saint is he6 ,enter very small boy 7carrying a big book under his arm with #aiac printed on it74 ,the wild bells rang across the snow1 ,the old year went--though loath to go2 ,the ,new ,year came1 while bells were ringing2 ,his days of joy and sorrow bringing4 ,enter girl 7in white trimmed with red hearts74 ,mine is a day of piercing darts1 ,flowers sweet1 and big red hearts1 ,cupids tender1 verses fine1 ,i'm the happy valentine4 ,enter two boys 7carrying flags74 ,together3 ,birthdays of patriots1 brave and true1 ,in ,february drear1 make cheer for you4 ,first boy3 ,lincoln so kind1 was everyone's friend2 ,second boy3 ,washington did a young nation defend4 ,chorus 7to ,holidays74 ,once1 each year1 supreme you reign1 ,o'er the lads and lassies in your train1 ,now comes our gentle springtime fay1 ,the gladsome1 happy ,arbor ,day4 ,enter ,arbor ,day 7in white1 crown of flowers1 accompanied by two small maids with flowers1 accompanist softly plays ,mendelssohn's ,spring ,song74 ,chorus continues4 ,each holiday brings joy and gladness-- ,makes us banish thoughts of sadness1 ,arbor ,day1 your reign is brief1-- ,but every blossom1 every leaf1 ,every bird of wood or field ,its fullest homage now doth yield4 ,may you be a happy queen1 ,we1 happy subjects are1 ,i ween4 ,arbor ,day 7while ,chorus leads her to throne74 ,thank you for your greeting hearty1 ,this will be a merry party4 ,chorus4 ,our friends1 the children1 in meadows at play1 ,are coming to join our glad holiday4 ,school children 7with baskets and bouquets of flowers pass to right of stage1 salute in military fashion1 saying73 ,dear ,arbor ,day1 your subjects loyal1 ,give you greetings1 hearty1 royal4 ,queen4 ,thank you1 friends1 greeting sweeter1 ,never yet a queen had greet her4 ,enter ten girls 7in white with flowers in hands and in their hair2 they quickly and lightly run across stage and form in line2 each courtesies as she says her lines74 ,first girl3 ,i'm the queen1 for ,i'm the ,rose1 ,the proudest1 sweetest flower that blows4 ,second girl3 ,i'm shy ,violet1 from the wood1 ,you know me by my purple hood4 ,third girl3 ,i'm the ,dandelion yellow1 ,some call me a saucy fellow4 ,fourth girl3 ,i'm ,anemone1 shy and tender1 ,on my stalk so tall and slender4 ,fifth girl3 ,i'm ,morning ,glory that climbs the wall1 ,my trumpet flowers softly call4 ,sixth girl3 ,i'm ,buttercup with a chalice to hold ,the rich warm sunshine's yellow gold4 ,seventh girl3 ,i'm ,apple-blossom1 my pink dresses ,the bee admires1 so he confesses4 ,eighth girl3 ,i'm ,waterlily1 my golden heart ,keeps the sunbeam's glancing dart4 ,ninth girl3 ,i'm shy ,crocus1 the first to show ,my pretty head from beneath the snow4 ,tenth girl3 ,i'm sleepy ,poppy1 from my home in the wheat1 ,i've come with the others our new queen to greet4 ,all in unison3 ,dear ,arbor ,day1 your subjects loyal1 ,give you greeting1 hearty royal4 ,arbor ,day4 ,thank you1 blossoms1 sweet and tender1 ,i your kindness shall remember4 ,rose 7turning to flowers and holidays74 ,nature laughs in gleeful joy1 ,in songbirds trill1 in flowerlets coy1 ,shall we1 also1 voices raise1 ,sing our gentle spring queen's praise8 7,school children1 ,holidays and ,flowers sing while ,flowers join hands and dance about in circle47 7,tune3 ,campbells are coming47 ,springtime is here1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,brooklets run clear1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,birds are winging1 flowers springing1 ,for springtime is here1 tra-la1 tra-la4 7,alternate girls step inside circle1 face outward1 other circle about47 ,the gentle ,may breeze1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,plays o'er the green leas1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,dandelions twinkle1 violets sprinkle1 ,the sward 'neath the trees1 tra-la1 tra-la4 7,each girl in inner circle gives her right hand to left hand of girl in outer circle1 thus in wheel form they circle singing47 ,the garden flowers gay1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,are here to stay1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,the rich red roses1 and all pretty posies1 ,say springtime is here1 tra-la1 tra-la4 7,dropping hands in single file they pass to back of stage singing47 ,springtime is here1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,brooklets run clear1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,birds are winging1 flowers springing1 ,for springtime is here1 tra-la1 tra-la4 ,arbor ,day4 ,thank you1 friends1 greeting sweeter1 ,never yet a queen had greet her4 ,but who comes now in trim array ,so straight and proud1--tell me1 pray8 ,trees enter 7carrying budded boughs of trees2 they march and countermarch in simple march figures1 while piano plays ,campbells are coming1 or ,narcissus4 ,they form in line1 each saluting queen as he speaks his line47 ,first boy3 ,the ,maple gives us grateful shade2 ,second boy3 ,the ,laurel's honors never fade2 ,third boy3 ,the ,chestnut's flowers are fine to see2 ,fourth boy3 ,but the ,apple's are better1 thinks the bee2 ,fifth boy3 ,the ,fir tree softly seems to sigh2 ,sixth boy3 ,the ,spruce lifts up its head so high2 ,seventh boy3 ,the ,elm tree's beauty you'll remark2 ,eighth boy3 ,the ,birch is proud of its silver bark2 ,ninth boy3 ,the ,cedar tree is stately and tall1 ,tenth boy3 ,but the hale old ,oak is king of all4 ,trees in unison3 ,arbor ,day1 your subjects loyal1 ,give you greetings2 hearty1 royal4 7,march to music to back of stage behind ,flowers47 ,arbor ,day4 ,thank you1 trees1 from lowland and hill1 ,i appreciate your hearty good will1 ,are others still coming to our fete8 ,we welcome them1 though they be late4 ,enter ten small girls 7run in on tiptoe lightly1 waving arms while the others sing47 ,the birds are flying1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,their strong wings a-trying1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,from east and west1 they come with the rest1 ,for ,springtime is here1 tra-la1 tra-la4 ,first girl 7courtesies73 ,the ,robin has a pretty vest1 ,second girl3 ,the ,bluebird sweetly sings his best2 ,third girl3 ,the ,bob-o-,link trills in its meadow home1 ,fourth girl3 ,the ,bluejay calls in a shrill loud tone1 ,fifth girl3 ,the ,blackbird sings in the tall marsh rushes1 ,sixth girl3 ,but sweeter1 softer1 call the ,thrushes1 ,seventh girl3 ,the ,oriole whistles from its swinging nest1 ,eighth girl3 ,but the ,song ,sparrow sings the sweetest and best4 ,ninth girl3 ,the ,meadow ,lark chants his mad1 merry glee1 ,tenth girl3 ,woodpecker just taps1 so busy is he4 ,in ,unison3 ,dear ,arbor ,day1 your subjects loyal1 ,give you greeting1 hearty1 royal4 ,arbor ,day3 ,a queen whose welcomed by the birds1 ,feels joy too deep for idle words4 ,dear friends1 my subjects1 it is ,may2 ,let us sing ,spring's roundelay4 7,here may be introduced groups of the charming flower songs by ,mrs4 ,gaynor1 bird songs by ,nevin1 simple folk dances1 and appropriate ,spring poems1 etc41 as part of the ,may ,day fete47 ,arbor ,day4 ,this day has been so full of pleasure1 ,i cannot yet my sadness measure4 ,and scatter our joyousness far and wide4 7,exit1 first the ,birds1 then the ,trees1 the flowers1 the ,school children1 the ,holidays1 then ,arbor ,day and ,chorus1 singing47 ,the birds are trilling1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,their glad songs are filling1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,the wood and dale1 the meadow and vale1 ,the ,springtime is come1 tra-la1 tra-la4 ,the gentle ,may breeze1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,plays o'er the green leas1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,dandelions twinkle1 violets sprinkle1 ,the sward 'neath the trees1 tra-la1 tra-la4 ,the garden flowers gay1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,are here to stay1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,the rich red rosies and all the posies1 ,say ,springtime is here1 tra-la1 tra-la4 ,springtime is here1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,brooklets run clear1 tra-la1 tra-la1 ,birds are winging1 flowers springing1 ,for ,springtime is here1 tra-la1 tra-la4 7,simple costumes make this more effective4 ,all the girls wear white gowns--,chorus has a simple ,greek dress4 ,arbor ,day a crown of flowers and scepter1 her maids baskets of flowers2 the flower girls wear chaplets of blossoms1 artificial ones are best2 ,the ,holidays can wear appropriate dress2 the ,school-,children enter as if from play with their baskets1 dolls1 flowers1 fishing rods1 etc47 ,a ,,broken ,,wing4 ,in front of my pew sits a maiden-- ,a little brown wing in her hat1 ,with its touches of tropical azure1 ,and the sheen of the sun upon that4 ,through the colored pane shines a glory1 ,by which the vast shadows are stirred1 ,but ,i pine for the spirit and splendor1 ,that painted the wing of that bird4 ,the organ rolls down its great anthem1 ,with the soul of a song it is blent2 ,but for me1 ,i am sick for the singing1 ,of one little song that is spent4 ,the voice of the preacher is gentle2 ,no sparrow shall fall to the ground2 ,but the poor broken wing on the bonnet1 ,is mocking the merciful sound4 --,selected4 ,,hunting ,,the ,,wild4 ,one ,christmas1 over forty years ago1 my grandfather sent to me from ,colorado a real ,indian bow and arrows4 ,it was a beautiful bow with a sinew string and wrapped in the middle and at the ends with sinews4 ,the arrow-heads were iron spikes1 bound in place with wrapping of fine sinews4 ,the eagle feathers' tips were also bound with sinews4 ,it was a beautiful1 snow-clad ,christmas morning1 and ,i remember how ,i yearned to go with this bow and arrows into the cedar grove to shoot the birds feeding there4 ,this yearning must have expressed itself in some way1 for ,i distinctly remember how a man with my bow and arrows led the way1 and ,i in restrained delight followed him to the cedar grove4 ,i remember how he maneuvered among the trees1 and with keen eyes watched for an opportunity to make a shot4 ,he stopped1 whispered to me1 pointed to a bird in the trunk of a cedar4 ,raising the bow1 it bent taut under his firm1 cautious pull4 ,whiz1 went the arrow1 and there1 pinned to the tree with the iron spike1 fluttered a hairy woodpecker4 ,to my wondering child-mind it was a great feat--my inherent instinct for hunting the wild approved and applauded4 ,that very phase of human nature is what we are now trying to eliminate from the present and coming generation4 --,eugene ,swope4 ,illustration3 ,,hungry ,,hollow4 ,,wren ,,notes4 ,,from ,,nature ,,and ,,culture4 ,we have grown to expect at least one wren's nest on our porch or elsewhere in our yard each year2 so1 as usual1 we put our boxes this ,spring with notices1 figuratively3 ,for wrens only--no sparrows need apply4 ,knowing ,jenny's fastidious taste1 we furnish several boxes1 thus giving her a choice4 ,there is but little we would not do to induce her to live in our neighborhood1 and it would be a great disappointment to us if she would not accept one of our houses1 rent free4 ,this year1 #aiab1 she carried twigs to three different boxes before she settled down to business4 ,when this occurred1 to our amusement1 she went to the other two boxes for twigs1 bringing them to the chosen site1 instead of getting them from the ground1 which for obvious reasons would have been much easier4 ,mr4 ,wren is not so hard to suit4 ,anything is good enough1 in his estimation1 much to the disgust of his spouse4 ,illustration3 ,,we ,,are ,,seven4 ,one day he made bold to select a box and carried in a few twigs to lay the cornerstone of a structure4 ,soon ,mrs4 ,wren came upon the scene and in unmistakable language told him what she thought of him4 ,still scolding1 this ,xantippe of birds threw out the material he had brought1 and1 meekly submitting1 he accepted her choice of a new location4 ,we always have to reckon with the sparrows--avian rats1 as some one has aptly called them4 ,we do our best in helping ,jenny drive them away by emptying out the stuff they bring in1 by shooting them away1 and even by use of the air gun4 ,when absent one day for several hours we found1 upon our return1 the following things in the box3 a rusty nail1 an old safety pin1 a hairpin1 an elastic fixture1 besides the usual bits of grass1 weeds1 sticks1 roots1 etc4 ,after emptying this out1 it gave ,mrs4 ,wren her inning once more1 and she improved the opportunity2 for she built an unusually fine nest1 which is not altogether apparent in this illustration4 ,the box containing the nest was placed upon a ledge of the porch and so could be easily taken down for inspection4 ,the material first used in the nest was twigs found under a nearby plum tree4 ,then it was lined with grass1 horse hair1 a blue jay's feather1 some hen's feathers1 and some cottony material like lint4 ,jenny finally completed her boudoir by festooning a snake skin about it4 ,when the nestlings began to walk about over the nest1 this skin broke up into bits2 so does not show in the picture4 ,this nest was begun ,may #d1 and the first egg was laid ,may #ab4 ,one more egg was added each day until eight were counted4 ,they began to hatch the #cjth1 thus celebrating ,memorial ,day4 ,seven eggs hatched and the little ones kept the old birds more than busy1 early and late1 feeding them4 ,first the tiniest little spiders and bugs were brought4 ,then came larger ones1 and finally beetles1 crickets1 large spiders1 etc41 were dropped into the yawning mouths4 ,so fast they grew1 one could almost see the progress from day to day4 ,they posed for this picture ,june #ag1 leaving the nest the #ahth1 and on the #aith the parent birds began their second nest in another box on the same porch4 ,the first egg was laid the #bcrd1 thus taking but four days in the construction of this nest1 while the first required eight4 ,as a matter of fact it was not so carefully made4 ,this time only five eggs were laid1 and at the present moment ,mr4 ,wren is singing encouragement and appreciation to his brooding mate2 and1 although the thermometer registers #ih deg4 in the shade1 his notes joyously ripple out loud and clear1 not only to ,jenny's delight1 but to ours as well4 ,a ,,comparison4 ,i'd ruther lay out here among the trees1 ,with the singing birds and the bumble bees1 ,a-knowing that ,i can do as ,i please1 ,than to live what folks call a life of ease-- ,up thar in the city4 ,for ,i don't 'xactly understan' ,where the comfort is for any man1 ,in walking hot bricks and using a fan1 ,and enjoying himself as he says he can-- ,up thar in the city4 ,it's kinder lonesome1 mebbe1 you'll say1 ,a-livin' out here day after day1 ,in this kinder easy careless way1 ,but an hour out here's better'n a day-- ,up thar in the city4 ,as for that1 just look at the flowers aroun'1 ,a-peepin' their heads up all over the groun1' ,and the fruit a-bendin' the trees 'way down2 ,you don't find sech things as these in town-- ,or1 ruther1 in the city4 ,as ,i said afore1 sech things as these-- ,the flowers1 the birds1 and the bumble bees1 ,and a-livin' out here among the trees1 ,where you can take your ease and do 's you please-- ,make it better'n in the city4 ,now1 all the talk don't 'mount to snuff ',bout this kinder life a-being rough1 ,and ,i'm sure it's plenty good enough1 ,and 'tween you and me1 'taint as tough-- ,as livin' in the city4 --,selected4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the woods were made for hunters of dreams1 ,the streams for fishers of song2 ,to those who hunt thus1 go gunless for game1 ,the woods and the streams belong4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,solitary ,,giant ,,that ,,will ,,soon ,,disappear4 ,,dame ,,nature',s ,,recipe 7,,april74 ,take a dozen little clouds ,and a patch of blue2 ,take a million raindrops1 ,as many sunbeams1 too4 ,take a host of violets1 ,a wandering little breeze1 ,and myriads of little leaves ,dancing on the trees4 ,then mix them well together1 ,in the very quickest way1 ,showers and sunshine1 birds and flowers1 ,and you'll have an ,april day4 --,selected4 ,,the ,,grouse4 ,,hattie ,,washburn1 ,,goodwin1 ,s4,d4 ,the grouse is a very fine bird4 ,the sentence leaped out of the conversation and caught my wandering attention4 ,with a quick smile ,i looked toward our rather corpulent guest across the table4 ,i love birds1 and a word in their praise ever fills me with pleasure1 not alone because one delights in the praise of whatever he cherishes1 but because the expression of such a sentiment indicates that the speaker is one who will befriend the birds or at least leave them unmolested4 ,take them when they are properly prepared1 our guest continued1 and ,i lowered my eyes to my plate in disgust4 ,he appreciated their value only as a palatable dish to feed his fat body or possibly as a target for his gun4 ,such is the general attitude1 it would seem1 toward the grouse family1 from the ruffled grouse of the wooded portions of the ,eastern ,states to the prairie chicken of our vast plains1 the dusky grouse of the mountain regions of the ,west and all their related species4 ,the drumming of the ruffled grouse so harmoniously breaking the stillness of the woodland is dear to the nature-lover2 no sound is more characteristic of the prairies than the prairie chicken's melodious booking that echoes afar like the low notes of a vast organ2 the dusky grouse's booming call1 that may seem to come from a distance even when the bird is near by1 has its place in the great symphony of nature1 yet these musical sounds are being steadily and relentlessly silenced by the gun of the sportsman4 ,by this silencing that costs the lives of countless hundreds of innocent and harmless birds1 the agriculturist is being robbed of one of his most powerful allies in the endless battle against insects4 ,nature has given the grouse tribe large1 palatable bodies and characteristics which render them easy marks for the hunter1 with only zest enough to the quest to make these birds what sportsmen call good game4 ,she has also endowed the grouse with food habits which should cause them to live and multiply under the protection of man4 ,the former characteristics1 however1 seem most strongly to attract mankind in general1 and the grouse is known as game rather than the insect-eating bird that it is4 ,laws have been made for the protection of the pinnated grouse1 or prairie chicken1 and others of their tribe4 ,these laws have been enforced and have aided materially in the great work of bird-protection4 ,they have also1 it is regrettable to state1 been violated and ignored4 ,too often the land owner is too lenient2 being blinded to his own interests or being keenly alive to the need of protecting the grouse within his realm1 is powerless to act because of lack of evidence4 ,the prairie hen nests upon the ground1 choosing her own nesting site1 performing the duties of incubation1 and rearing her young unaided by the cock4 ,there are few wooers in bird-life so ardent as the pinnated grouse1 yet he that joins in the mating ceremony of booming morning after morning on some chosen booming-ground or fiercely contests with other males for the favor of the chosen one deserts her soon after the winning4 ,thus the eggs and young1 having only one protector1 are unduly exposed4 ,since they are always on the ground until the young are able to fly their loss is great4 ,it is estimated that half of the prairie hens' eggs are destroyed by fire1 water and other causes4 ,wet seasons are very injurious to the prairie chicks1 and at all times they are in danger from skunks and other prowlers1 save through the cunning and courageous protection of their devoted mother4 ,these unavoidable dangers should appeal to the farmer to render the prairie chicken his kindness and protection whenever he can4 ,he has few1 if any1 greater allies1 for during the rearing of the young and throughout the summer the food of the prairie chicken consists principally of insects1 chiefly of the destructive grasshopper4 ,during the winter they feed upon weed-seed and scattered grain4 ,of course1 at times the prairie chickens make slight inroads upon the crops1 but these are many times repaid by the noxious weed-seeds they destroy4 ,the wild rose is one of the most beautiful flowers on the prairie4 ,it is also one of the most troublesome weeds1 in the destruction of which the prairie chicken has no superior1 for one of their principal foods in winter is the wild rose fruit4 ,the beneficial characteristics of the prairie chicken1 varied by environment and ensuing tendencies of the birds1 hold true of the entire grouse family4 ,wherever found1 the grouse are considered good game birds4 ,were their good works in the destruction of weeds and insects as well known as is their desirability for the table or for targets for the sportsmen1 they would be regarded as one of the most valuable among the agriculturist's feathered friends4 --,reprint from ,nature and ,culture4 ,illustration ,,bunny4 ,there was once a little bunny1 ,in a little wooden hutch2 ,he'd a happy little master1 ,and he loved him very much4 ,but that bunny wasn't happy1 ,tho' he'd such a pleasant home1 ,for he thought 'twould be much nicer ,in the world outside to roam4 ,so he asked the pretty ponies1 ,and both answered with a neigh1 ,don't be silly2 we should miss you1 ,if you were to run away4 ,so that foolish little bunny ,whispered1 ,thank you1 very much1 ,and went back again1 contented1 ,to his little wooden hutch4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,summer ,,scene ,,in ,,mercer ,,county4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,branch ,,of ,,the ,,maumee4 ,,ohio',s ,,pioneer ,,tree-,,planter4 ,,by ,,clement ,l4 ,,martzolff1 ,,ohio ,,university1 ,,athens1 ,,ohio4 ,in the year #ahjf1 a man living in ,jefferson ,county1 happened to look out upon the ,ohio ,river one day when he saw floating down with the tide a strange looking craft4 ,it consisted of two ordinary canoes lashed together4 ,the crew was one very oddly-dressed man and the cargo comprised racks of appleseeds4 ,this singular man was ,john ,chapman1 better known as ,johnny ,appleseed1 from his penchant for gathering apple-seeds at the cider-presses in western ,pennsylvania1 bringing them to ,ohio1 planting them at suitable places1 so when the pioneer came he would find an abundance of young apple trees ready for planting4 ,this was the mission of ,johnny ,appleseed who conscientiously believed it had been heaven sent4 ,he was deeply religious and his faith taught him he could live as complete a life in thus serving his fellow-men1 as in perhaps some higher 787 sphere of usefulness4 ,certainly the result of his labors proved a great blessing to the ,ohio pioneer4 ,very little is known of ,johnny ,appleseed before he came to ,ohio4 ,he was born in ,springfield1 ,massachusetts1 in the opening of the ,revolutionary ,war1 #agge4 ,as a boy he loved to roam the woods1 searching for plants and flowers4 ,he was a lover of nature in all its forms4 ,he studied the birds as well as the flowers4 ,he loved the song of the brook as he did that of the birds4 ,at night he would lie upon his back and gaze into the sky and whether he studied flowers or stars1 brooks or birds1 he saw ,god's hand-writing in them all4 ,it is thought he came westward with his half-brother about the year #ahja1 and located somewhere about ,pittsburgh4 ,his father1 ,nathaniel ,chapman1 shortly afterward became one of the residents of ,marietta and later moved to ,duck ,creek1 in ,washington county1 where he died4 ,johnny never spoke much about his previous life4 ,it was said by some that he had been once disappointed in love and this accounted for his never marrying and for living the life he did4 ,this is not probable4 ,such stories are told about every old bachelor and since they are so common1 they lose their value4 ,what educational advantages our tree-planter enjoyed1 we do not know1 either4 ,but it is certain he possessed a fair knowledge of the rudiments of learning4 ,he was a great reader for one of his time and his mode of life1 and moreover1 he was a clear thinker4 ,there are some who would call ,johnny ,appleseed queer2 others1 freakish2 again1 eccentric1 etc4 ,this peculiar1 odd personage may be described by all these terms4 ,but the ruling passion of his life was to plant apple-seeds1 because he loved to see trees grow and because he loved his fellow-men4 ,the world has often been made better because there was a man who possessed but one idea1 and he worked it for all it was worth4 ,johnny's methods were to keep up with the van of pioneerdom and move along with it to the westward4 ,so we find him in the early years of the century in western ,pennsylvania1 then in ,ohio1 and after forty-five years of service to mankind1 he dies and is buried near ,ft4 ,wayne in ,indiana4 ,his nurseries were usually located in the moist land along some stream4 ,here he would plant the seeds1 surround the patch with a brush fence and wander off to plant another one elsewhere4 ,returning at intervals to prune and care for them1 he would soon have thrifty trees growing all over the country4 ,he did not plant these trees for money1 but the pioneer got them oftentimes for old clothes1 although his usual price for each tree was a fip-penny-bit4 ,the first nursery ,johnny planted in ,ohio was on ,george's ,run in ,jefferson county4 ,others he planted along the river front1 when he moved into the interior of the state4 ,for years he lived in a little rude hut in ,richland county near the present town of ,perrysville1 from where he operated his nurseries in the counties of ,richland1 ,ashland1 ,wayne1 ,knox1 and ,tuscarawas4 ,on his journeys across the country he usually camped in the woods1 although the pioneer latch-string was always hanging out for ,apple-seed ,john4 ,he carried his cooking utensils with him4 ,his mush-pan serving him for a hat4 ,when he would accept the hospitality of a friend1 he preferred making his bed on the floor4 ,he wore few clothes and went bare-footed the most of his time1 even when the weather was quite cold4 ,for a coat a coffee sack with holes cut for neck and arms was ample4 ,there were plenty of ,indians in those days and they were troublesome1 too1 since several massacres occurred in that region4 ,but they never did any harm to our hero4 ,no doubt they thought he was quite a ,medicine ,man4 ,once1 during the ,war of #ahab1 when the red-men were at their depredations and all the people were flocking to the ,mansfield block-house for protection1 it was necessary to get a message to ,mt4 ,vernon1 asking for the assistance of the militia4 ,it was thirty miles away and the trip had to be made in the night4 ,johnny volunteered his services4 ,bare-footed and bare-headed he made his way along the forest trails1 where wild animals and probably wild ,indians were lurking4 ,the next morning he had returned and with him was the needed help4 ,he loved everything that lived4 ,he harmed no animal1 and if he found any that were wounded or mis-treated1 he would care for them as best he could4 ,once when a snake had bitten him1 he instinctively killed it4 ,he never quite forgave himself for this ungodly passion4 ,he1 as has already been stated1 was deeply religious4 ,he was a disciple of ,emanuel ,swedenborg1 and he always carried some religious books about with him1 in the bosom of his shirt4 ,these books he would give away4 ,often he would divide a book into several pieces1 so it would go farther4 ,when he visited the pioneers1 he would always hold worship and discuss religious subjects with them4 ,but ,johnny was getting old4 ,the first trees he planted had for years been bearing fruit4 ,still he kept planting and caring for new nurseries4 ,once in ,ft4 ,wayne he heard that some cattle had broken into one of them and were destroying his trees4 ,the distance was twenty miles4 ,he started at once to protect his property4 ,it was in the early spring of #ahde4 ,the weather was raw and the trip was too much for him4 ,he sought shelter at a pioneer home1 partook of a bowl of bread and milk for his supper1 and before retiring for the night as usual held worship4 ,the family never forgot that evening4 ,how the simple-minded old man read from the ,book1 ,blessed are the pure in heart1 for they shall see ,god4 ,then he prayed and as he spoke with ,god1 he grew eloquent4 ,his words made a deep impression on all who heard him4 ,in the morning he was found to have a high fever4 ,pneumonia had developed during the night4 ,a physician was called1 but the age of the man and the exposure to which he had subjected himself for so many years were against him4 ,with the sunshine of joy and satisfaction upon his countenance as though his dying eyes were already looking into the new ,jerusalem1 ,god's finger touched him and he slept4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,so he kept traveling1 far and wide1 ',till his old limbs failed him and he died4 ,he said1 at last3 ',tis a comfort to feel ,i've done some good in the world1 though not a great deal4 ,weary travelers journeying ,west1 ,in the shade of his trees find pleasant rest1 ,and often they start with glad surprise ,at the rosy fruit that around them lies4 ,and if they inquire whence came such trees ,where not a bough once swayed in the breeze8 ,the reply still comes as they travel on1 ,these trees were planted by ,appleseed ,john4 7,from ,appleseed ,john by ,maria ,child47 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,grandpa stopped1 and from the grass at our feet1 ,picked up an apple1 large1 juicy1 and sweet2 ,then took out his jack-knife1 and1 cutting a slice1 ,said1 as we ate it1 ,isn't it nice ,to have such apples to eat and enjoy8 ,well1 there weren't very many when ,i was a boy1 ,for the country was new--e'en food was scant2 ,we had hardly enough to keep us from want1 ,and this good man1 as he rode around1 ,oft eating and sleeping upon the ground1 ,always carried and planted appleseeds-- ,not for himself1 but for others' needs4 ,the appleseeds grew1 and we1 to-day1 ,eat of the fruit planted by the way4 ,while ,johnny--bless him--is under the sod-- ,his body is--ah6 he is with ,god2 ,for1 child1 though it seemed a trifling deed1 ,for a man just to plant an appleseed1 ,the apple-tree's shade1 the flowers1 the fruit1 ,have proved a blessing to man and to brute4 ,look at the orchards throughout the land1 ,all of them planted by old ,johnny's hand4 ,he will forever remembered be2 ,i would wish to have all so think of me4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,bibliography of ,john ,chapman4 ,howe's ,history of ,ohio1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #dhd4 ,ohio ,archaeological and ,historical ,society ,publications1 ,vol4 ,,vi1 p4 #bij4 ,vol4 ,,ix1 p4 #cja4 ,philip ,seymour or ,pioneer ,life in ,richland ,county by ,rev4 ,james ,f4 ,mc,graw4 ,the ,quest of ,john ,chapman by ,newell ,dwight ,hillis4 ,illustration3 ,,jackson ,,township1 ,,pickaway ,,county1 ,,centralized ,,school ,,building4 ,,why ,,study ,,birds8 ,a ,cincinnati teacher in one of the big intermediate schools recently discussed with her class the question of studying birds4 ,she reminded them that they are city children living in a densely populated district1 and that they could hardly expect to see the live birds unless they went into the country1 but agreed to forming a bird-study class if the children could give good reasons for doing so4 ,one child called attention to the fact that they read and studied about many things all over the world that they never hoped to see1 why not about birds also8 ,one boy thought it just as necessary for city children to know what was to be seen in the country1 as for country children to know what could be seen in the city4 ,there were other reasons offered equally as good1 but behind it all was a real live desire1 a natural desire1 that need give no reasons for its existence1 to learn something about the wild birds4 ,the teacher saw this1 and being one who realizes that schools are maintained for the benefit of children rather than that children are born and reared to serve a school system1 consented to the organization of a ,junior ,audubon ,class4 ,bird study in some measure should be given to every class in every school1 city and country4 ,not just because it is new1 not just because it is a branch of the now popular nature-study1 not just because the children are eager for it1 all of which are good reasons1 but because of the great need of a national change of attitude toward the wild birds if we are to succeed in preserving this absolutely essential part of our natural resources4 --,eugene ,swope4 ,,troop ,,of ,,winter ,,birds ,,led ,,by ,,captain ,,nut-,,hatch4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,weisgerber4 ,from ,nature and ,culture4 ,how many of the boys that roam the winter woods appreciate the services of the white-breasted nut-hatch8 ,he is the captain of the small troop of winter resident birds1 and where his yank1 yank1 is heard there are the other birds also4 ,sometimes he is far in advance of the troop1 but the small company of followers press on and go where he leads4 ,in the winter birds are not as common as during the summer1 and the bird student sometimes tramps a long ways before he sees one of any kind4 ,then1 all of a sudden he hears the call-note of the nut-hatch1 and if he is wise1 he will follow it up until he comes upon the company1 which will not be far away from where the nut-hatch is heard4 ,sometimes only three species are found1 but generally four different kinds of birds make up the small company that road the woods together4 ,these four are the white-breasted nuthatch1 tufted titmouse1 downy woodpecker1 and the merry little chickadee4 ,what a happy1 contented quartet they are6 ,one cold and cloudy ,november morning ,i thought ,i had caught a pair of nuthatches that had betrayed their trust4 ,i had followed an old rail fence that bordered a weedy cornfield next to an open woods1 and the only birds seen were a few juncos and tree sparrows4 ,after walking about thirty rods1 a pair of nuthatches were found2 the next ten minutes were spent listening and looking for the other birds that should have been about4 ,none were seen or heard4 ,i was about to make a note of the fact2 but1 it being a cold1 windy morning1 ,i deferred this part1 and moved on in order to get warm4 ,i paralleled my first walk by keeping in the woods along the fence1 waiting for the troop to come4 ,i had not gone many rods until a note was heard1 then a titmouse came in sight1 and in a few minutes ,i was surrounded by titmice1 downy woodpeckers1 chickadees1 and a number of golden-crowned kinglets4 ,altogether there were twenty-five or more of the little fellows1 and they moved so fast that ,i did not get to see them all1 so ,i followed them to the place where ,i first saw the nuthatches4 ,here was where white-breasted was christened ,captain ,nuthatch4 ,,farmer ,,john4 ,home from his journey ,farmer ,john ,arrived this morning safe and sound2 ,his black coat off and his old clothes on1 ,now ,i'm myself1 said ,farmer ,john1 ,and he thinks1 ,i'll look around4 ,up leaps the dog3 ,get down1 you pup6 ,are you so glad you would eat me up8 ,and the old cow lows at the gate to greet him1 ,the horses prick up their ears to meet him4 ,well1 well1 old ,bay1 ,ha1 ha1 old ,gray1 ,do you get good food when ,i'm away8 ,you haven't a rib1 says ,farmer ,john2 ,the cattle are looking round and sleek2 ,the colt is going to be a roan1 ,and a beauty1 too2 how he has grown6 ,we'll ween the calf in a week4 ,says ,farmer ,john1 ,when ,i've been off-- ,to call you again about the trough1 ,and watch you and pat you while you drink1 ,is a greater comfort than you can think2 ,and he pats old ,bay1 ,and he slaps old ,gray1 ,ah1 this is the comfort of going away6 ,for1 after all1 says ,farmer ,john1 ,the best of a journey is getting home2 ,i've seen great sights but ,i would not give ,this spot and the peaceful life ,i live ,for all their ,paris and ,rome2 ,these hills for the city's stifled air ,and big hotels and bustle and glare2 ,lands all houses1 and roads all stone ,that deafen your ears and batter your bones6 ,would you1 old ,bay8 ,would you1 old ,gray8 ,that's what one gets by going away4 ,there ,money is king1 says ,farmer ,john1 ,and ,fashion is queen1 and it's very queer ,to see how sometimes when the man ,is raking and scraping all he can1 ,the wife spends1 every year1 ,enough you would think for a score of wifes ,to keep them in luxury all their lives6 ,the town is a perfect ,babylon ,to a quiet chat1 said ,farmer ,john4 ,you see1 old ,bay1 ,you see1 old ,gray1 ,i'm wiser than when ,i went away4 ,i've found this out1 said ,farmer ,john1 ,that happiness is not bought and sold1 ,and clutched in a life of waste and hurry1 ,in nights of pleasure and days of worry1 ,and wealth isn't all in gold1 ,mortgages1 stocks and ten per cent1 ,but in simple ways and sweet content1 ,few wants1 pure hopes and noble ends1 ,some land to till and a few good friends1 ,like you1 old ,bay1 ,and you1 old ,gray1 ,that's what ,i've learned by going away4 ,and a happy man is ,farmer ,john-- ,oh1 a rich and happy man is he6 ,he sees the peas and pumpkins growing1 ,the corn in tassel1 the buckwheat blowing1 ,and fruit on vine and tree2 ,the large1 kind oxen look their thanks ,as he rubs their foreheads and pats their flanks2 ,the doves light round him and strut and coo2 ,says ,farmer ,john1 ,i'll take you1 too2 ,and you1 old ,bay1 ,and you1 old ,gray1 ,next time ,i travel so far away4 --,trowbridge4 ,illustration3 ,,this ,,picture ,,represents ,,first ,,grade ,,children ,,enjoying ,,the ,,best ,,of ,,school ,,opportunities4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,school ,,exhibit4 ,,bird ,,study4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,wisman1 ,,new ,,paris1 ,,ohio4 ,in order to carry on the work of bird study with any degree of success1 experience has taught me that the subject must continually be kept before the pupils in all of its phases4 ,this means actual work among the birds1 with eyes sharpened for every movement and ears tuned to every sound4 ,the first essential1 ,i think1 is for the pupil to know the bird by sight--that is1 at close range--and to be able to give a minute description1 paying attention to details in markings1 especially in cases where distinctive markings determine the species4 ,our work in autumn consists in a sharp lookout for the warblers that are returning toward the ,southland at the beginning of the school term4 ,this requires careful observation1 and pupils are encouraged to be watchful at this time and report any small bird they may be able to find on their way to or from school1 or at home4 ,a record is kept1 and pupils are urged to compete for the longest list of different species4 ,later in the season1 when the leaves are well off the trees1 we start a nest-hunting contest1 the object being to see who can find the greatest number of nests in a specified time4 ,samples of nests are secured and put up in the school room4 ,illustration ,when cold weather comes the question of food supply is considered4 ,shelters for the birds are constructed1 and feeding places are prepared4 ,one method is to place a feeding board outside a south window1 and fastening a good-sized branch of a tree outside the window1 upon which pieces of suet are fastened4 ,the remains of the children's lunches1 together with seeds1 kernels of nuts1 etc41 are placed upon the board1 and birds soon learn to come to the banquet prepared for them4 ,the pupils are urged to go home and do likewise4 ,monthly bird lists are kept1 showing the kinds of birds that may be seen each month1 and pupils are required to keep note-books in which anything of interest may be noted4 ,in the spring the question of housing the birds is considered1 and pupils are taught to construct simple bird houses1 and all are interested in placing these boxes about their homes4 ,in connection with this field work1 attention is given to the literature upon this subject4 ,scrap-books are kept1 and any article relating to birds found in papers or magazines is clipped and pasted in this book4 ,we have in the school room over one hundred and fifty pictures in colors of the birds to be found in this section of the ,state1 and using these as a basis1 ,i give frequent lectures on the habits or any other points of interest concerning these birds4 ,the pupils are very enthusiastic in the work1 and the influence has not only extended throughout the entire district1 but other teachers and pupils in the surrounding districts have caught the spirit and much is being done along this line throughout the township4 --,reprint from ,nature and ,culture4 ,,the ,,white ,,birch4 ,,by ,,charles ,,degarmo4 ,have you seen the white birch in the spring1 in the ,spring8 ,when the sunlight gleams upon her branches in the spring8 ,when her green leaves1 young and tender1 ,through their soft concealment render ,glimpses of her outlines slender in the spring4 ,have you seen her wave her branches in the spring1 in the spring8 ,wave those airy1 milk-white branches in the spring8 ,as they glisten in the light ,of a day divinely bright ,when to see them is delight1 in the spring4 ,have you seen the sunbeams glancing in the spring1 in the spring8 ,glancing on her leaflets glossy in the spring8 ,when the wind sets them in motion1 ,like the ripples on the ocean1 ,and they stir our fond devotion1 in the spring4 ,if you have not1 then you know not1 in the spring1 in the spring1 ,half the beauty of the birches in the spring4 ,past their tops of silver sheen ,in the distance far are seen ,blue-tinged hills in living green1 in the spring4 --,after ,wm4 ,martin4 ,illustration3 ,,notice ,,the ,,spreading ,,branches ,,of ,,this ,,tree4 ,,blue4 ,,by ,,charles ,,degarmo4 ,there's plentiful blue in the midst of the green2 ,for blue are the joys that chatter and preen2 ,the blue bells all nod and sway with the breeze2 ,blue-tinged are the hills that border the scene1 ,and blue birds sing low of nests in the trees4 ,in the land of the ,north ,when the bird's on the wing1 ,then the blue in the woods ,is a charm of the spring4 ,on waters of blue where soft breezes blow1 ,with sunshine above and shadow below1 ,my boat sails the bay1 with naught to annoy1 ,for two#a that ,i love sit close as we go1 ,and laughing blue eyes that mirror with joy4 ,far away to the ,south1 ,where the warm tropics lie1 ,there the blue of the sea ,is the blue of the sky4 --,from the ,author's forthcoming book1 ,an ,aesthetic ,view of the ,world4 #a ,the ,author's little granddaughters4 ,,sunrise ,,never ,,fails4 ,upon the sadness of the sea ,the sunset broods regretfully2 ,from the far spaces1 slow ,withdraws the wistful afterglow4 ,so out of life the splendor dies1 ,so darken all the happy skies1 ,so gathers twilight cold and stern2 ,but overhead the planets burn4 ,and up the east another day ,shall chase the bitter dark away1 ,what though our eyes with tears be wet8 ,the sunrise never failed us yet4 ,the blush of dawn may yet restore ,our light and hope and joys once more4 ,sad soul1 take comfort1 nor forget ,that sunrise never failed us yet4 --,celia ,thaxter4 ,illustration3 ,,new ,,washington1 ,,crawford ,,county1 ,,high ,,school4 ,,who-,,oo- ,i wonder if you have ever heard ,of the queer1 little1 dismal ,whiney-bird1 ,as black as a crow1 as glum as an owl-- ,a most peculiar kind of a fowl8 ,he is oftenest seen on rainy days1 ,when children are barred from outdoor plays2 ,when the weather is bright and the warm sun shines1 ,then he flies far away to the gloomy pines1 ,dreary-looking1 indeed1 is his old black cloak1 ,and his whiney cry makes the whole house blue-- ,there's nothing to do-oo6 there's nothing to do-oo6 ,did you ever meet this doleful bird8 ,he's found where the children are1 ,i've heard1 ,now1 who can he be8 ,it can't be you4 ,but who is the ,whiney-bird8 ,who-oo8 ,who-oo8 --,jean ,halifax in ,st4 ,nicholas4 ,,the ,,bluebird4 ,,by ,,mabel ,,osgood ,,wright4 ,the ,national ,association of ,audubon ,societies ,educational ,leaflet ,no4 #bd4 ,who dares write of the ,bluebird1 thinking to add a fresher tint to his plumage1 a new tone to his melodious voice1 or a word of praise to his gentle life1 that is as much a part of our human heritage and blended with our memories as any other attribute of home8 ,not ,i1 surely1 for ,i know him too well and each year feel myself more spellbound and mute by the memories he awakens4 ,yet ,i would repeat his brief biography1 lest there be any who1 being absorbed by living inward1 have not yet looked outward and upward to this poet of the sky and earth and the fullness and goodness thereof4 ,sidenote3 ,the ,bluebird's ,country4 ,for the ,bluebird was the first of all poets1--even before man had blazed a trail in the wilderness or set up the sign of his habitation and tamed his thoughts to wear harness and travel to measure4 ,and so he came to inherit the earth before man1 and this1 our country1 is all ,the ,bluebird's ,county1 for at some time of the year he roves about it from the ,atlantic to the ,pacific and from ,mexico to ,nova ,scotia1 though westward1 after he passes the range of the ,rocky ,mountains1 he wears a different dress and bears other longer names4 ,sidenote3 ,the ,bluebird's ,travels4 ,in spite of the fact that our eastern ,bluebird is a home-body1 loving his nesting haunt and returning to it year after year1 he is an adventurous traveler4 ,ranging all over the eastern ,united ,states at some time in the season1 this bird has its nesting haunts at the very edge of the ,gulf ,states and upward1 as far north as ,manitoba and ,nova ,scotia4 ,when the breeding season is over1 the birds travel sometimes in family groups and sometimes in large flocks1 moving southward little by little1 according to season and food-supply1 some journeying as far as ,mexico1 others lingering through the middle and southern states4 ,the ,bluebirds that live in our orchards in summer are very unlikely to be those that we see in the same place in winter days4 ,next to the breeding impulse1 the migrating instinct seems to be the strongest factor of bird life4 ,when the life of the home is over1 ,nature whispers1 ,to wing1 up and on6 ,so a few of the ,bluebirds who have nested in ,massachusetts may be those who linger in ,new ,jersey1 while those whose breeding haunts were in ,nova ,scotia1 drift downward to fill their places in ,massachusetts4 ,but the great mass of even those birds we call winter residents go to the more southern parts of their range every winter1 those who do not being but a handful in comparison4 ,what does this great downward journey of autumn mean8 you ask4 ,what is the necessity for migration among a class of birds that are able to find food in fully half of the annual range8 ,why do birds seek extremes for nesting sites8 ,this is a question about which the wise men have many theories1 but they are still groping4 ,one theory is that once the whole country had a more even climate and that many species of birds lived all the year in places that are now unsuitable for a permanent residence4 ,therefore1 the home instinct being so strong1 though they were driven from their nesting sites by scarcity of food and stress of weather1 their instinct led them back as soon as the return of spring made it possible4 ,thus the hereditary love of the place where they were given life may underlie the great subject of migration in general and that of the ,bluebird's home in particular4 ,sidenote3 ,the ,bluebird at ,home4 ,before more than the first notes of spring song have sounded in the distance1 ,bluebirds are to be seen by twos and threes about the edge of old orchards along open roads1 where the skirting trees have crumbled or decaying knot-holes have left tempting nooks for the tree-trunk birds1 with whom the ,bluebird may be classed4 ,for1 though he takes kindly to a bird-box1 or a convenient hole in a fencepost1 telegraph pole or outbuilding1 a tree hole must have been his first home and consequently he has a strong feeling in its favor4 ,as with many other species of migrant birds1 the male is the first to arrive2 and he does not seem to be particularly interested in house-hunting until the arrival of the female1 when the courtship begins without delay1 and the delicate purling song with the refrain1 ,dear1 dear1 think of it1 think of it1 and the low1 two-syllabled answer of the female is heard in every orchard4 ,the building of the nest is not an important function1--merely gathering of a few wisps and straws1 with some chance feathers for lining4 ,it seems to be shared by both parents1 as are the duties of hatching and feeding the young4 ,the eggs vary in number1 six being the maximum1 and they are not especially attractive1 being of so pale a blue that it is better to call them a bluish white4 ,two broods are usually raised each year1 though three are said to be not uncommon2 for ,bluebirds are active during a long season1 and1 while the first nest is made before the middle of ,april1 last year a brood left the box over my rose arbor ,september #ab1 though ,i do not know whether this was a belated or a prolonged family arrangement4 ,as parents the ,bluebirds are tireless1 both in supplying the nest with insect food and attending to its sanitation2 the wastage being taken away and dropped at a distance from the nest at almost unbelievable short intervals1 proving the wonderful rapidity of digestion and the immense amount of labor required to supply the mill inside the little speckled throats with grist4 ,the young ,bluebirds are spotted thickly on throat and back1 after the manner of the throat of their cousin1 the ,robin1 or1 rather1 the back feathers are spotted1 the breast feathers having dusky edges1 giving a speckled effect4 ,the study of the graduations of plumage of almost any brightly colored male bird from its first clothing until the perfectly matured feather of its breeding season1 is in itself1 a science and a subject about which there are many theories and differences of opinion by equally distinguished men4 ,sidenote3 ,the ,food of the ,bluebird4 ,the food of the nestling ,bluebird is insectivorous1 or1 rather to be more exact1 ,i should say animal2 but the adult birds vary their diet at all seasons by eating berries and small fruits4 ,in autumn and early winter1 cedar and honeysuckle berries1 the grape-like cluster of fruit of the poison ivy1 bittersweet and catbrier berries are all consumed according to their needs4 ,professor ,beal1 of the ,department of ,agriculture1 writes1 after a prolonged study1 that #gf per cent4 of the ,bluebird's food consists of insects and their allies1 while the other #bd per cent4 is made up of various vegetable substances1 found mostly in stomachs taken in winter4 ,beetles constitute #bh per cent4 of the whole food1 grasshoppers #bb1 caterpillars #aa1 and various insects1 including quite a number of spiders1 comprise the remainder of the insect diet4 ,all these are more or less harmful1 except a few predaceous beetles1 which amount to #h per cent41 but in view of the large consumption of grasshoppers and caterpillars1 we can at least condone this offense1 if such it may be called4 ,the destruction of grasshoppers is very noticeable in the months of ,august and ,september1 when these insects form more than #fj per cent4 of the diet4 ,it is not easy to tempt ,bluebirds to an artificial feeding-place1 such as ,i keep supplied with food for ,juncos1 ,chickadees1 ,woodpeckers1 ,nuthatches1 ,jays1 etc42 though in winter they will eat dried currants and make their own selection from mill sweepings if scattered about the trees of their haunts4 ,for1 above all things1 the ,bluebird1 though friendly and seeking the borderland between the wild and the tame1 never becomes familiar1 and never does he lose the half-remote individuality that is one of his great charms4 ,though he lives with us and gives no sign of pride of birth or race1 he is not of us1 as the ,song ,sparrow1 ,chippy or even the easily alarmed ,robin4 ,the poet's mantle envelopes him even as the apple blossoms throw a rosy mist about his doorway1 and it is best so4 ,,the ,,bluebirds4 #a4 ,,eastern ,,bluebird 7,,sialia ,,sialis74 ,adult male4--,length #g inches4 ,upper parts1 wings and tail bright blue2 breast and sides rusty1 reddish brown1 belly white4 ,adult female4--,similar to the male1 but upper parts except the upper tail coverts1 duller1 gray or brownish blue1 the breast and sides paler4 ,nestling4--,wings and tail essentially like those of adult1 upper parts dark sooty brown1 the back spotted with whitish2 below1 whitish1 but the feathers of the breast and sides widely margined with brown1 producing a spotted appearance4 ,this plumage is soon followed by the fall or winter plumage1 in which the blue feathers of the back are fringed with rusty1 and young and old birds are then alike in color4 ,range4--,eastern ,united ,states west to the ,rocky ,mountains2 nests from the ,gulf ,states to ,manitoba and ,nova ,scotia2 winters from southern ,new ,england southward4 #a;a4 ,,azure ,,bluebird 7,,sialia ,,sialis ,,azurea74 ,similar to the ,eastern ,bluebird1 but breast paler1 upper parts lighter1 more cerulean blue4 ,range4--,mountains of eastern ,mexico north to southern ,arizona4 #b4 ,,western ,,bluebird 7,,sialia ,,mexicana ,,occidentalis74 ,adult male4--,above deep blue1 the foreback in part chestnut2 throat blue1 breast and sides chestnut1 the belly bluish grayish4 ,adult ,female4--,above grayish blue1 chestnut of back faintly indicated1 throat grayish blue1 breast rusty1 paler than in male1 belly grayish4 ,range4--,pacific coast region from northern ,lower ,california north to ,british ,columbia1 east to ,nevada4 #b;a4 ,,chestnut-,,backed ,,bluebird 7,,sialia ,,mexicana ,,anabelae74 ,similar to the ,western ,bluebird1 but foreback wholly chestnut4 ,range4--,rocky ,mountain region from ,mexico north to ,wyoming4 #b;b4 ,,san ,,pedro ,,bluebird 7,,sialia ,,mexicana ,,anabelae74 ,similar to the ,western ,bluebird1 but back with less chestnut4 ,range4--,san ,pedro ,martir mountains1 ,lower ,california4 #c4 ,,mountain ,,bluebird 7,,sialia ,,arctica74 ,adult male4--,almost wholly blue1 above beautiful cerulean1 below paler1 belly whitish4 ,adult female4--,above brownish gray1 upper tail coverts1 wings and tail bluish below pale fawn1 belly whitish4 ,range4--,western ,united ,states from ,rocky ,mountains to ,sierras1 and from ,new ,mexico north to the ,great ,slave ,lake region4 ,,to ,,celia4 ,drink to me only with thine eyes1 ,and ,i will pledge with mine2 ,or leave a kiss in the cup ,and ,i'll not look for wine4 ,the thirst that from the soul doth rise ,doth ask a drink divine2 ,but might ,i of ,jove's nectar sup1 ,i would not change for thine4 ,i sent thee late a rosy wreath1 ,not so much honoring thee ,as giving it a hope that there ,it could not withered be2 ,but thou thereon didst only breathe ,and sen'st it back to me2 ,since when it grows1 and smells1 ,i swear1 ,not of itself but thee6 --,ben ,johnson4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,tree ,,that ,,stands ,,in ,,the ,,open ,,country ,,has ,a ,,hard ,,struggle ,,for ,,existence4 ,,don',t ,,forget ,,the ,,tree4 7,a ,,poem ,,for ,,arbor ,,day47 ,how beauteous is the lordly tree ,that scatters cooling shade6 ,the landscape1 ,o how fair and free ,by loving ,nature made2 ,the birds that build in leafy bough ,hail each returning spring1 ,and in the emerald forests now ,they make the ,welkin ring4 ,the tree we plant in years becomes ,a monarch old and gray1 ,and thousands from unbuilded homes ,will bless our ,arbor ,day2 ,we plant not for the present time1 ,but for the days in store4 ,and those who come from distant clime ,will bless us o'er and o'er4 ,hail ,arbor ,day6 ,with busy hands ,with cheerful hearts and free ,we come in ,nature2 loving hands ,to plant the bush or tree2 ,unto the wide extending plain1 ,or to the sun scorched way ,we bring the cooling shade again ,with joy this ,arbor ,day4 ,,don',t ,,forget ,,the ,,tree4 ,where halts the pilgrim for an hour ,let some tree rear its head1 ,our work can greet him with a flower1 ,or luscious fruit instead2 ,plant for the dawning years a tree1 ',twill not be labor lost2 ,you'll live to bless the day and see ,how little was the cost4 ,plant trees upon the barren hill ,and in the village street1 ,and shade the little sunny rill ,whose song is rich and sweet2 ,where there's a will there is a way4 ,so let the children come ,and plant a tree this ,arbor ,day-- ,a tree that stands for ,home4 ,methinks the rose will fairer bloom ,upon the bush we set1 ,and softer be its perfume ,above its coronet2 ,let every child in ,freedom's land ,hail ,arbor ,day with glee1 ,and plant with every busy hand ,a shrub1 a bush or tree4 ,god made the many trees for shade1 ,so plant one on this day1 ,in field1 in town1 in glen and glade ,they yield a gentle sway2 ,in troops let all the children come ,with music1 song and cheer2 ,for ,arbor ,day is near to ,home1 ,and ,home is always dear4 ,go plant a tree where none is found1 ,make bright some treeless spot1 ,and as the ceaseless years go round ,you will not be forgot2 ,from hill to hill1 from shore to shore1 ,let hands forget their play1 ,and men will bless forevermore ,our sacred ,arbor ,day4 --,t4 ,c4 ,harbaugh4 ,illustration3 ,,along ,,the ,,maumee4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,thoughtless ,,lumber-,,man ,,leaves ,,an ,,uncanny ,,wake4 ,,trailing ,,arbutus4 ,ere the latest snow of ,springtime ,leaves the shelter of the woodlands2 ,while it still in every hollow ,waits with a wavering indecision1 ,loath to vanish at the mandate ,of the swiftly conquering sunshine-- ,then the ,spirit of the ,springtime ,comes with gentle exorcism4 ',tis the arbutus1 frail beauty1 ,pale with fright1 yet blushing rosy ,at the simple joy of living1 ,and before her modest presence ,harsh winds calm their fiercest bluster1 ,and the last resisting armies ,of the ,snow-king quickly vanish4 ,then she sends her sweetest fragrance ,upward1 like a breath of incense1 ,to the sun1 who cheers and thanks her ,with his warmest1 grateful kisses4 --,mary ,nowlan ,wittwer1 ,adelphi1 ,ohio4 ,illustration3 ,,many ,,times ,,three ,,score ,,years ,,and ,,ten4 ,,the ,,logan ,,elm4 ,the ,logan ,elm1 about six miles from ,circleville1 with five acres of park surrounding it1 is now the property of the ,ohio ,historical and ,archaeological ,society1 having been transferred to that organization by the ,pickaway ,historical ,association on ,october #b1 #aiab4 ,it is altogether proper that this historic tree and ground should become the property of ,ohio so that every person in our commonwealth may feel a proprietary interest in this spot and all that it means4 ,we have traveled far on the pathway of civilization since the day when the ,chief of the ,mingoes made this spot memorable by his native eloquence1 but we do well to look back1 now and again1 to these landmarks so as to catch a view of the road over which we have come4 ,such a view gives us courage and spirit for the journey that lies before us for we are made to feel that since we have done this much we shall be able to do even more and better4 ,in his historical collections ,howe says of the speech of ,logan3 ,it was repeated throughout the ,north ,american ,colonies as a lesson of eloquence in the schools1 and copied upon the pages of literary journals in ,great ,britain and the ,continent4 ,this brief effusion of mingled pride1 courage and sorrow1 elevated the character of the native ,american throughout the intelligent world2 and the place where it was delivered can never be forgotten so long as touching eloquence is admired by men4 ,this being true1 it is quite fitting that the schools shall place this speech in the category of eloquence and give the children to know that real eloquence is the expression of deep and sincere emotion4 ,the ,logan ,elm remains to us the visible symbol of an example of this sort of eloquence and our celebration of ,arbor ,day will be all the more inspiring if all the children come to know the meaning of this tree and feel the real eloquence of the speech4 ,the version of the speech here given is found in ,jefferson's ,notes and is as follows3 ,i appeal to any white man to say1 if ever he entered ,logan's cabin hungry and ,i gave him not meats2 if ever he came cold or naked and ,i gave him not clothing4 ,during the course of the last long and bloody war1 ,logan remained in his tent an advocate for peace4 ,nay1 such was my love for the whites1 that those of my own country pointed at me as they passed by and said1 ',logan is the friend of white men4' ,i had even thought to live with you1 but for the injuries of one man4 ,colonel ,cresap1 the last spring1 in cold blood1 and unprovoked1 cut off all the relatives of ,logan2 not sparing even any women and children4 ,there runs not a drop of my blood in the veins of any human creature4 ,this called on me for revenge4 ,i have sought it4 ,i have killed many4 ,i have fully glutted my vengeance4 ,for my country1 ,i rejoice at the beams of peace4 ,yet1 do not harbor the thought that mine is the joy of fear4 ,logan never felt fear4 ,he will not turn on his heel to save his life4 ,who is there to mourn for ,logan8 ,not one4 --,f4 ,b4 ,pearson4 ,,little ,,dog ,,tray4 ,when at the close of a wearisome day ,homeward disheartened1 you moodily stray1 ,what would you take for your little dog ,tray8 ,take for the wag of his tail8 ,sitting alone at the old picket gate1 ,little dog ,tray will patiently wait ,watching3 ,no matter if early or late ,slow is the wag of his tail4 ,look6 see him start as a form comes in view6 ,what has the dog with that vision to do8 ,how does he tell that he knows it is you8 ,just by the wag of his tail4 ,oh1 the wild glee in his rhythmical song ,sung in the motion that keeps him along6 ,is it a love that he bears for the throng8 ,judge by the wag of his tail4 ,swift as the wind he has run to your side1 ,eager and happy to show you his pride2 ,bounding aloft1 then ahead as your guide ,merrily wagging his tail4 ,no one may know why he loves you so well ,nor if your voice or your face weave the spell ,but that he loves you his actions will tell1 ,such as the wag of his tail4 ,loves you and shares in your hunger and thirst ,riches and poverty1 landed or cursed1 ,always the same1 for the best or the worst ,proved by the wag of his tail4 ,love such as his will abide to the end1 ,do what you will1 distort your ways you may wend1 ,hardships and knocks but insure him your friend ,shown by the wag of his tail4 ,curse him--he lies at your feet to adore6 ,strike him--he loves you the same as before6 ,violent blows--snap your finger6 ,once more ,there is the wag of his tail4 ,watchful he sits at your side in repose ,loyal before you he stealthily goes ,eager to champion your cause with your foes ,told by the wag of his tail4 ,friendship may fade and earth's love may grow cold ,chains such as these oft are flimsiest mold1 ,love of the dog for his master will hold ,long as the wag of his tail4 ,not as a peer1 neither cringing like slave ,one solemn boon1 as the last he may crave1 ,little dog ,tray sits and moans on your grave ,sad is the way of his tail4 ,when at the close of a wearisome day ,homeward1 disheartened1 you moodily stray1 ,what would you take for your little dog ,tray8 ,take for the wag of his tail8 --,by ,walter ,p4 ,neff4 ,illustration3 ,,lady ,,betty4 ,a ,,kipling ,,tribute4 ,buy a pup and your money will buy ,love unflinching that cannot lie ,perfect passion and worship fed1 ,by a kick in the ribs or a pat on the head1 ,nevertheless it is hardly fair ,to risk your heart for a dog to tear4 ,when the fourteen years which nature permits ,are closing in asthma1 or tumor1 or fits1 ,and the ,vet's unspoken presentation runs ,to lethal chambers or loaded guns1 ,then you will find1 its your own affair ,that -- -- -- you've given your heart for a dog to tear4 --,by ,lee ,a4 ,dollinger4 ,,man',s ,,best ,,friend4 ,senator ,vest had been retained as the ,attorney of a man whose dog had been wantonly shot by a neighbor4 ,the plaintiff demanded #bjj4jj4 ,when ,vest finished speaking the jury awarded #ejj4jj without leaving their seats4 ,this is what he said3 ,gentlemen of the ,jury3 ,the best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy4 ,his son or daughter that he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful4 ,those who are nearest and dearest to us1 those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name1 may become traitors to their faith4 ,the money that a man has he may lose4 ,it flies away from him1 perhaps when he needs it most4 ,a man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill considered action4 ,the people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us1 may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads4 ,the one absolutely unselfish friend that man can have in this selfish world1 the one that never deserts him1 the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous is his dog4 ,a man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty1 in health and in sickness4 ,he will sleep on the cold ground where the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely1 if only he may be near his master's side4 ,he will kiss the hand that has no food to offer4 ,he will lick the wounds and sores that come in encounter with the roughness of the world4 ,he will guard the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince4 ,when all other friends desert1 he remains4 ,when riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces he is as constant in his love1 as the sun on its journey through the heavens4 ,if misfortune drives the master forth an outcast in the world1 friendless and homeless1 the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard against danger1 to fight against his enemies1 and when the last scene of all comes1 and death takes the master in his embrace and his body is laid away in the cold ground1 no matter if all other friends pursue their way1 there by his grave side will the noble dog be found1 his head between his paws1 his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness1 faithful and true even in death4 ,there is but one drawback to a dog's friendship1 ,it does not last long enough4 --,van ,dyke4 ,,the ,,redstarts4 ,,cordelia ,j4 ,,stanwood1 ,,ellsworth1 ,,me4 ,reprints from ,nature and ,culture4 ,the redstart is one of the most beautiful of the warblers4 ,it flutters through the branches like the sunbeams through the dancing leaves2 again1 it suggests a darting flame or a gorgeous autumn-leaf tossed hither and thither by the wind4 ,the redstart winters in the tropics--,mexico1 ,south ,america1 and the ,west ,indies--but nests in almost every part of ,north ,america east of the ,rockies4 ,the female models an exquisite statant1 increment nest1 well set down in the crotch of a tree1 but the kind of a tree selected and the materials used vary in different localities4 ,the most beautiful nest ,i ever found was located sixteen feet from the ground1 in the crotch of a white birch4 ,the support was formed by the main trunk and several ascending1 rudimentary branches4 ,when ,i looked up into the tree a tiny1 fluffy mass of white birch curls attracted my attention4 ,on this cushion the nest was shaped of similar curls of white birch bark and partially decomposed inner bark1 fiber2 the rim1 firm and well modeled1 consisted of what looked like split culms of hay1 but ,i decided that it must be the outside of decayed goldenrod stems4 ,it was lined with horse hair1 human hair1 and the feathers of the female4 ,a daintier1 warmer1 safer1 little cradle no bird could desire4 ,another nest1 located in a maple five feet high from the ground1 was placed on a foundation of dead leaves1 coarse meadow grass1 and white birch bark4 ,the cup was constructed of fine cedar bark fiber2 the outside was ornamented with the white egg cases of some insect4 ,the nest had a beautifully turned brim of the same material as was used in the former nest4 ,the lining1 likewise1 was of goldenrod fiber1 and a few of the green and yellow feathers of the female4 ,as usual1 more or less spider's floss entered into the composition of this well-made structure4 ,the dwelling strikingly corresponded in color with the gray maple crotch that supported it4 ,each house was well adapted to its surroundings4 ,the female builds the nest almost unassisted and appears1 likewise to incubate and brood the young4 ,the male1 however1 sings from his varied repertoire to cheer his mate at her task1 and assists the female in feeding the young and cleansing the domicile1 but when disturbed by an observer1 the female is more assiduous than the male in her attentions to their offspring4 ,illustration ,usually when a person attempts to inspect a redstart's nest containing young1 the female drops from the nest a dead weight and falls from branch to branch of any tree in the way1 striking the ground with a dull thud4 ,her next move is to trail a helpless wing along the ground4 ,at another time she flies from the nest and alights on the ground with spread wings and tail4 ,the yellow markings on the wing and tail show conspicuously as the bird moves forward by the wings1 as if her legs were too weak to sustain her weight4 ,at the same time the bird twitters very softly1 almost inaudibly2 in other words1 she feigns the helplessness of a young bird4 ,these pretty deceptions1 the expression of the mother instinct1 always appeal to me very strongly4 ,while studying a family of redstarts that lived in a gray birch some twelve feet above the ground1 the hen and one nestling disappeared4 ,across the hayfield from the grove of the birds that ,i was observing was a bit of woodland to which both redstarts resorted frequently1 presumably for feed4 ,here was the nest of a redstart containing four fresh eggs4 ,that day ,i arranged with a care to lower the nest a number of feet4 ,the birds deserted4 ,on examining the nest ,i found that one egg has been cracked4 ,whether this nest belonged to the redstarts of the grove and the female left her young in the care of the cock while she constructed a third nest1 ,i cannot say4 ,exactly what became of the mother remained a mystery4 ,it was with grave concern that ,i watched the gayly dressed little songster for an entire day to see if he would take upon himself the duties of the mother-bird4 ,nothing could have been more touching than to note the faithfulness with which he performed all the work of two birds save brooding the young4 ,the following morning the nest was empty1 but ,i found the father-bird in a coppice feeding the little family4 ,evidently he had undertaken the entire care of his small flock4 ,one nest of redstarts that ,i studied from the egg stage was on the wing on the tenth day4 ,as the nest was but five feet from the ground1 within reach1 and as ,i called there nearly every day1 it is not surprising that the old bird tolled the young from the nest as soon as they were able to fly4 ,at this age redstart nestlings preen vigorously and fly short distances4 ,the nest of the redstarts1 when vacated1 was immaculate1 save for the quill and pin feather cases that filled the interstices4 ,illustration ,the bird seems to raise a second brood1 at least some years1 as nearly all the dates at which ,i have discovered the bird nesting are later than those ,i find recorded4 ,redstarts were completing a nest ,june #ac1 #aijh2 a male and female were feeding four young five or six days old ,july #ac1 #aijg2 a bird was ready to incubate four fresh eggs the same day1 and still another redstart was incubating four eggs ,july #e1 #aiaj2 these were not hatched until nine days later4 ,if the birds feed two broods during the summer1 then they are nearly twice as useful as they have been generally supposed to be4 ,the redstart is the most active of the active warblers1 and the number of gnats1 flies1 caterpillars1 moths1 other insects and their eggs that these birds consume or feed to their nestlings in one day is incredible4 ,while it does splendid work in the woods it frequently comes to the orchard and is not unknown to paly its quest for food in the village streets4 ,while we admire the redstart for its beauty and its charming little songs1 we respect the bird for his utility4 ,in this case the proverbial fine feathers do cover fine little bird4 ,,the ,,old ,,tree4 ,i4 ,the old beech tree1 so green and gray6 ,how oft ,i've heard thee1 whispering say1 ,with beckoning branches waving low1 ,rest here1 where cooling breezes blow6 ,and in thy shadows deep and dark1 ,how oft ,i've touched thy cool gray bark2 ,and still ,i bless thee1 old beech tree1 ,for old sweet memories dear to me4 ,repeat the stories yet half told ,of those who carved their names so bold6 ,in whispers tell of them today1 ,o venerable beech1 so green and gray6 ,,ii4 ,the old beech tree1 so green and gray1 ,the old-time welcome gives today1 ,with beckoning branches reaching down ,to mother earth all garbed in brown4 ,thy gnarled1 bark-covered roots up-bend ,a further welcome to extend4 ,thy low-extending branches wave1 ,as though a green-robed prelate gave ,a benediction1 and had blessed ,a people weary and oppressed4 ,and so ,i rest with thee today1 ,my old beech tree1 so green and gray6 --,richard ,nevin ,pemberton4 ,illustration ,,the ,,horse',s ,,prayer ,,to ,,his ,,master4 ,to ,thee1 ,my master1 ,i offer my prayer3 ,feed me1 water and care for me1 and when the day's work is done1 provide me with shelter1 a clean dry bed1 and a stall wide enough for me to lie down in comfort4 ,always be kind to me4 ,talk to me4 ,your voice often means as much to me as the reins4 ,pet me sometimes1 that ,i may serve you the more gladly and learn to love you4 ,do not jerk the reins1 and do not whip me when going up hill4 ,never strike1 beat or kick me when ,i do not understand what you want1 but give me a chance to understand you4 ,watch me1 and if ,i fail to do your bidding1 see if something is not wrong with my harness or feet4 ,do not check me so that ,i cannot have the free use of my head4 ,if you insist that ,i wear blinders so that ,i cannot see behind me1 as it was intended ,i should1 ,i pray you to be careful that the blinders stand well out from my eyes4 ,do not overload me1 or hitch me where water will drip on me4 ,keep me well shod4 ,examine my teeth when ,i do not eat4 ,i may have an ulcerated tooth1 and that1 you know1 is very painful4 ,do not fix my head in an unnatural position1 or take away my best defense against flies and mosquitoes by cutting off my tail4 ,i cannot tell you when ,i am thirsty1 so give me clean cool water often4 ,i cannot tell you in words when ,i am sick1 so watch me1 and by signs you may know my condition4 ,give me all possible shelter from the hot sun1 and put a blanket on me not when ,i am working but when ,i am standing in the cold4 ,never put a frosty bit in my mouth4 ,first warm it by holding it a moment in your hands4 ,and finally1 ,o ,my ,master1 when my useful strength is gone1 do not turn me out to starve or freeze1 or sell me to some human brute1 to be slowly tortured and starved to death2 but do ,thou1 ,my ,master1 take my life in the kindest way1 and your ,god will reward you ,here and ,hereafter4 ,you will not consider me irreverent if ,i ask this in the name of ,him who was born in a stable4 ,amen4 ,illustration ,,one1 ,,two1 ,,three6 #a4 ,it was an old1 old1 old1 old lady1 ,and a boy that was half past three2 ,and the way that they played together ,was beautiful to see4 #b4 ,she couldn't go running and jumping1 ,and the boy1 no more could he2 ,for he was a thin little fellow1 ,with a thin little twisted knee4 #c4 ,they sat in the yellow twilight1 ,out under the maple tree2 ,and the game that they played ,i'll tell you1 ,just as it was told to me4 #d4 ,it was ,hide and ,go ,seek they were playing1 ,though you'd never have known it to be-- ,with an old1 old1 old1 old lady1 ,and a boy with a twisted knee4 #e4 ,the boy would bend his face down ,on his one little sound right knee1 ,and he guessed where she was hiding1 ,in guesses ,one1 ,two1 ,three6 #f4 ,you are in the china closet6 ,he would cry1 and laugh with glee-- ,it wasn't the china closet2 ,but he still had ,two and ,three4 #g4 ,you are up in ,papa's big bedroom1 ,in the chest with the queer old key6 ,and she said3 ,you are warm and warmer2 ,but you're not quite right1 said she4 #h4 ,it can't be the little cupboard ,where ,mamma's things used to be ,so it must be the clothespress1 ,gran'ma6 ,and he found her with his ,three4 #i4 ,then she covered her face with her fingers1 ,that were wrinkled and white and wee1 ,and she guessed where the boy was hiding1 ,with a ,one and a ,two and a ,three4 #aj4 ,and they never had stirred from their places1 ,right under the maple tree-- ,this old1 old1 old1 old lady1 ,and the boy with the lame little knee-- ,this dear1 dear1 dear old lady1 ,and the boy who was half past three4 --,from ,poems of ,h4 ,c4 ,bunner2 copyrighted #ahhd1 #ahib1 #ahii by ,chas4 ,scribner's ,sons4 ,,bird-,,study ,,in ,,ohio ,,public ,,schools4 ,,dr4 ,,eugene ,,swope4 ,audubon ,field ,agent for ,ohio1 #d ,w4 ,seventh ,st41 ,cincinnati1 ,o4 ,the national movement for the study and protection of our wild birds is as well understood and supported by the teachers of ,ohio as of any other ,state4 ,the number of ,junior ,audubon ,classes formed in the schools of ,ohio last year was second only to ,new ,jersey4 ,that little ,state took the lead4 ,ohio ought to take the lead this year4 ,with our ,commissioner ,f4 ,w4 ,miller giving his approval and encouragement1 and our ,supervisors of ,agriculture recommending bird study as a necessary feature of elementary agriculture1 ,ohio ought to be able to report a large number of ,bird ,classes by the middle of ,may4 ,illustration3 ,,birds ,,at ,,home4 ,it is a rare thing to find a ,superintendent or principal actually unfriendly toward bird study1 but a very large percent hesitate to admit it into their schools because it is new and untried4 ,the claims of bird study upon ,superintendents and principals is one that cannot much longer be overlooked4 ,the ,national desire to know the wild birds and to save the remnant now left1 is yearly becoming stronger4 ,an ever-increasing number of homes are becoming active centers and parents are looking to the public schools for help1 and children everywhere are eager for bird study4 ,there is no risk in introducing ,junior ,audubon ,classes in a school4 ,some of our country's foremost educators have tried it with gratifying results1 for they find that there is no better subject to develope the power of attention in children1 there is no better subject to train children's memories1 there is no better subject to awake originality of thought in young minds1 and it is unquestionably the supreme subject for composition work4 ,any teacher who cares to give bird study a trial may correspond with me and receive gratis1 the help now offered by the ,ohio ,audubon ,society4 ,,the ,,boy ,,with ,,the ,,hoe4 ,say1 how do you hoe your row1 young chap8 ,say1 how do you hoe your row8 ,do you hoe it fair8 ,do you hoe it square8 ,do you hoe it the best you know8 ,do you cut the weeds as you ought to do8 ,and leave what's worth while there8 ,the harvest you garner depends on you1 ,are you working it on the square8 ,are you killing the noxious weeds1 young chap8 ,are you making it straight and clean8 ,are you going straight1 ,at a hustling gait1 ,do you scatter all that's mean8 ,do you laugh and sing and whistle shrill1 ,and dance a step or two8 ,the road you hoe leads up a hill2 ,the harvest is up to you4 --,selected4 ,illustration3 ,,why ,,do ,,boys ,,love ,,such ,a ,,place ,,as ,,this8 ,,the ,,beech ,,tree',s ,,petition4 ,o leave this barren spot to me6 ,spare1 woodman1 spare the beechen tree6 ,though bush or floweret never grow ,my dark unwarming shade below2 ,nor summer bud perfume the dew ,of rosy blush1 or yellow hue2 ,nor fruits of ,autumn1 blossom born1 ,my green and glossy leaves adorn2 ,nor murmuring tribes from me derive ,the ambrosial amber of the hive2 ,yet leave this barren spot to me2 ,spare1 woodman1 spare the beechen tree6 ,trice twenty summers have ,i seen ,the sky grow bright1 the forest green2 ,and many a wintry wind have stood ,in bloomless1 fruitless solitude1 ,since childhood in my pleasant bower ,first spent its sweet and pensive hour2 ,since youthful lovers in my shade ,their vows of truth and rapture made1 ,and on my trunk's surviving frame ,carved many a long-forgotten name4 ,oh6 by the sighs of gentle sound1 ,first breather upon this sacred ground2 ,by all that ,love has whispered here1 ,or ,beauty heard with ravished ear2 ,as ,love's own altar honor me2 ,spare1 woodman1 spare the beechen tree4 --,thomas ,campbell4 ,illustration3 ,,turtlecreek ,,township ,,school ,,exhibit ,,at ,,warren ,,county ,,fair4 ,,the ,,cardinal4 ,,by ,,william ,,dutcher1 ,president of ,national ,association of ,audubon ,societies4 ,educational ,leaflet ,no4 #ah4 ,the ,cardinal is one of the most brilliant of ,american birds2 the name is derived from its color1 which is a deep red1 somewhat less vivid than scarlet4 ,this color is supposed to be named from the vestments of a cardinal1 an ecclesiastic of high rank in the ,roman ,church4 ,the female bird1 while not so conspicuous as her mate1 is clad in a rich brown with just enough of red to light it up4 ,they are indeed a striking pair1 and wherever they are found soon become favorites4 ,they are known as ,cardinal ,grosbeaks1 ,red-birds1 ,crested ,red-birds1 ,virginia ,nightingales1 and lately ,james ,lane ,allen has made familiar ,kentucky ,cardinal4 ,the illustration shows the ,cardinal's most prominent features--a very large strong bill1 a conspicuous crest1 which can be erected or depressed at will1 short rounded wings and a long tail4 ,the length of the ,cardinal is a little over eight inches from tip of bill to end of tail4 ,once seen1 the ,cardinal can never be mistaken for any other bird1 especially as its plumage virtually never changes but remains much the same at all seasons of the year4 ,cardinals are resident wherever they are found1 and their center of abundance is in the southern portion of the ,united ,states4 ,the northern limit of its range is approximately a line drawn from a point in the vicinity of ,new ,york ,city1 westward to southeastern ,nebraska2 thence southward to ,texas1 where it is found in the greater part of the state4 ,these lines are arbitrary1 but are given in order that a teacher may show scholars in a general way where ,cardinals can be found4 ,further1 they give teachers and pupils who reside outside these limits an opportunity to extend the ,cardinal's known range by proving that it lives in their locality4 ,there have been records of the ,cardinal made as far north as ,nova ,scotia and ,southern ,ontario1 but it is believed that these were escaped cage birds1 the ,cardinal1 probably owing to its beauty of plumage and richness of song1 having long been a favorite cage bird4 ,alexander ,wilson1 in ,american ,ornithology 7,vol4 ,,ii1 page #ade71 which was published in #ahbh1 says1 ,this is one of our most common cage birds1 and is very generally known1 not only in ,north ,america1 but even in ,europe2 numbers of them having been carried over both to ,france and ,england1 in which last country they are usually called ,virginia ,nightingales4 ,dr4 ,russ1 the great ,german aviculturist1 says1 ,beloved in its home by both ,americans and ,germans1 it is protected and caught only for the cage bird fancy4 ,had been bred in ,holland a century and a half ago and later in ,england4 ,it is true that until recently large numbers of ,cardinals were caught or taken from the nest while young1 for shipment to foreign countries by bird dealers4 ,owing to the efforts of the ,national ,association1 this traffic is a thing of the past4 ,the ,model ,law1 which is in force in all the ,states where the ,cardinal is found1 prohibits all traffic in these birds and forbids their being shipped from the ,state4 ,the ,cardinal is too beautiful and valuable a bird to be confined within the narrow limits of a cage1 where its splendid spirit is soon broken by its unavailing attempts to escape4 ,mrs4 ,olive ,thorne ,miller1 in one of her charming pictures of bird life1 says of a captive ,cardinal1 that1 ,he is a cynic1 morose and crusty4 ,such a character cannot be attributed to the ,cardinal when it is at liberty4 ,its wild1 free song1 its restless activity and its boldness are the antithesis of a depressed cage captive4 ,even when it receives the best care from its human jailer it is still a prisoner confined in a space so small that it never has an opportunity to stretch its wings in flight1 nor can it ever bathe in the bright sunshine or view the blue skies above it4 ,the whispering of the winds through the sylvan shades is lost to the captive forever4 ,is it strange that the nature of this wild free spirit changes8 ,the writer has seen many hundreds of these beautiful birds in cages ready to be shipped1 each one doomed to a short existence1 a prisoner and an exile4 ,fortunately1 this condition is now changed2 and1 had the ,national ,association accomplished no other good1 the stopping of the cage-bird traffic would be a sufficient reason for its organization4 ,in the ,south1 where the ,cardinal is one of the most abundant birds1 it is a special favorite1 rivaling the ,mockingbird in the affections of the people4 ,it is commonly found in the towns as well as the rural districts4 ,the female bird builds the nest1 which is loosely constructed of leaves1 bark1 twigs1 shreds of grape-vine1 and is lined with dry grasses4 ,the nest is placed in bushes or vines from eight to ten feet from the ground4 ,three or four white eggs1 speckled with brown1 are laid1 and it is probable that in the ,south two broods are raised each season4 ,the home life of ,cardinals is a pattern of domestic felicity1 so true are the sexes to each other4 ,even in winter they seem to be paired1 for a male and a female are always seen together4 ,however1 during the season of incubation the tender solicitude of the male for his mate is best shown4 ,in fact1 his extreme anxiety that the home and its inmates should not be discovered excites him so much that he actually leads the visitor to the nest in the attempt to mislead4 ,the song of the male ,cardinal is loud and clear1 with a melodious ring1 ,what cheer6 ,what cheer6 ,what cheer6 winding up with a peculiar long-drawn out e-e-e4 ,contrary to the usual custom in bird families1 the female ,cardinal is an excellent singer1 although her notes are in an entirely different key from those of her gifted mate1 being lower and to some ears more sweet and musical4 ,audubon's ,american ,ornithological ,biography is so rare at the present day1 being found only in the largest libraries1 and is consequently so inaccessible to the ordinary reader1 that his description of the song of the ,cardinal is quoted in full4 ,its song is at first loud and clear1 resembling the finest sounds produced by the flageolet1 and gradually descends into more marked and continued cadences1 until it dies away in the air around4 ,during the love season the song is emitted with increased emphasis by this proud musician1 who1 as if aware of his powers1 swells his throat1 spreads his rosy tail1 droops his wings1 and leans alternately to the right and left1 as if on the eve of expiring with delight at the delicious sounds of his own voice4 ,again and again are those melodies repeated1 the bird resting only at intervals to breathe4 ,they may be heard from long before the sun gilds the eastern horizon1 to the period when the blazing orb pours down its noonday floods of heat and light1 driving the birds to the coverts to seek repose for a while4 ,nature again invigorated1 the musician recommences his song1 when1 as if he had never strained his throat before1 he makes the whole neighborhood resound1 nor ceases until the shades of evening close around him4 ,day after day the song of the ,red-bird beguiles the weariness of his mate as she assiduously warmed her eggs2 and at times she also assists with the modesty of her gentler sex4 ,few individuals of our own race refuse their homage and admiration to the sweet songster4 ,how pleasing is it1 when1 by a clouded sky1 the woods are rendered so dark that1 were it not for an occasional glimpse of clearer light falling between the trees1 you might imagine night at hand1 while you are yet far distant from your home1 how pleasing to have your ear suddenly saluted by the well-known notes of this favorite bird1 assuring you of peace around1 and of the full hour that still remains for you to pursue your walk in security6 ,how often have ,i enjoyed this pleasure and how often1 in due humbleness of hope1 do ,i trust that ,i may enjoy it again4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,school ,,ground ,,worth ,,many ,,times ,,what ,,it ,,costs4 ,illustration3 ,,bird ,,houses4 ,in addition to its great esthetic value of song and plumage1 the ,cardinal has another important character which should endear it to the husbandman4 ,its food is various1 consisting of wild fruits such as grapes1 berries1 mulberries1 cedar berries1 seeds of grasses and of many species of weeds1 also large numbers of adult beetles1 grasshoppers1 crickets1 flies1 ants and their larvae2 it is especially fond of rose-bugs4 ,the ,cardinal is from every point of view a bird of great interest and value1 and any person who makes its intimate acquaintance will form a life-long friendship4 --,reprinted from ,bird-lore4 ,,the ,,hermit ,,thrush4 ,while walking through a lonely wood ,i heard a lovely voice3 ,a voice so fresh and true and good ,it made my heart rejoice4 ,it sounded like a ,sunday bell1 ,rung softly in a town1 ,or like a stream1 that in a dell ,forever trickles down4 ,it seemed to me a voice of love1 ,that always had loved me1 ,so softly it rang out above-- ,so wild and wanderingly4 ,o ,voice1 were you a golden dove1 ,or just a plain gray bird8 ,o ,voice1 you are my wandering love1 ,lost1 yet forever heard4 --,arvia ,mackaye1 #i years old4 ,,my ,,little ,,bo-,,peep4 ,my little ,bo-,peep does not cry for lost sheep-- ,o no6 ,she is sobbing for bread2 ,her hands are so tired1 so weary her feet1 ,that she sighs1 ,i wish ,i were dead4 ,my little ,bo-,peep does not wander away ,o'er meadows so grassy and green2 ',mid the factory din1 face wan1 white and thin1 ,my little ,bo-,peep can be seen4 ,my little ,bo-,peep does not dream of white sheep-- ,her day's work reaches into the night2 ,on her pallet of straw1 a few hours of rest-- ,for her task she is up with the light4 ,o let's find a day for my ,bo-,peep to play-- ,let's give her a breath of fresh air2 ,somehow we'll feel better when giving our thanks ,to ,god for our blessings in prayer4 ,marion1 ,ohio4 --,isabella ,virginia ,freeland4 ,illustration ,,the ,,oak ,,tree4 ,long ago in changeful autumn1 ,when the leaves are turning brown1 ,from a tall oak's topmost branches ,fell a little acorn down4 ,and it tumbled by the pathway1 ,and a chance foot trod it deep ,in the ground1 where all the winter ,in its shell it lay asleep4 ,with the white snow lying over1 ,and the frost to hold it fast1 ,till there came the mild spring weather1 ,when it burst its shell at last4 ,many years kind ,nature nursed it1 ,summers hot and winters long2 ,down the sun looked bright upon it1 ,while it grew up tall and strong4 ,now it stands up like a giant1 ,casting shadows broad and high1 ,with huge trunk and leafy branches ,spreading up into the sky4 ,child1 when haply you are resting1 ',neath the great oak's monster shade1 ,think how little was the acorn ,whence that mighty tree was made4 ,think how simple things and lowly ,have a part in ,nature's plan2 ,how the great have small beginnings1 ,and the child becomes a man4 ,little efforts work great actions2 ,lessons in our childhood taught ,mold the spirits to the temper ,whereby noblest deeds are wrought4 ,cherish then the gifts of childhood1 ,use them gently1 guard them well3 ,for their future growth and greatness ,who can measure1 who can tell8 --,colorado ,arbor and ,bird ,day4 ,,the ,,poplar ,,field4 ,the poplars are felled2 farewell to the shade ,and the whispering sound of the cool colonnade2 ,the winds play no longer and sing in the leaves1 ,nor ,ouse on his bosom their image receives4 ,twelve years have elapsed since ,i first took a view ,of my favorite field1 and the bank where they grew2 ,and now in the grass behold they are laid1 ,and the tree is my seat that once lent me their shade4 ,the blackbird has fled to another retreat1 ,where the hazel affords him a screen from the heat2 ,and the scene where his melody charmed me before ,resounds with his sweet-flowing ditty no more4 ,my fugitive years are all hasting away1 ,and ,i must ere long lie as lowly as they1 ,with a turf on my breast and a stone at my head ,ere another such grove shall arise in its stead4 ,to change both my heart and my fancy employs2 ,i reflect on the frailty of man and his joys2 ,short-lived as we are1 yet our pleasures1 we see1 ,have a still shorter date1 and die sooner than we4 --,cowper4 ,,in ,,the ,,orchard4 ,far down in the orchard ,i found her1 ,her earnest eyes gazing aloft4 ,a baby hand waved me a warning1 ,a baby voice called to me--soft4 ,hush1 mamma1 don't frighten the birdies2 ,they're busy at work1 don't you see8 ,a-picking the worms from the blossoms ,a-growing on ,god's apple-tree6 ,ah1 child1 when thy life work is given1 ,god may not have great things for thee4 ,be content if ,he sets thee to guarding ,the blossoms upon ,his fruit tree4 ,adelphi1 ,ohio4 --,mary ,nowlan ,wittwer4 ,,thank ,,you ,,and ,,amen4 ,when we were at ,grandpa's house to dine1 ,he looked about with sober face2 ,then clasps his hands and shuts his eyes1 ,and sister says he's saying grace4 ,he says long words that ,i don't know2 ,i'm only six years old--but then ,i know two words he always says1 ,and one is thanks and one's ,amen4 ,while walking in my grandpa's woods ,we saw a squirrel1 big and gray2 ,he held a nut between his paws1 ,but did not eat it right away4 ,he closed his little shining eyes1 ,his hands raised just like grandpa's--then ,i said1 ,o sister1 keep real still1 ,he's saying ,thank you and ,amen4 99 99 99 99 99 ,he that planteth a tree is a servant of ,god1 ,he provideth a kindness for many generations1 ,and faces that he hath not seen shall bless him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one impulse from a vernal wood ,may teach you more of man1 ,of moral evil and of good1 ,than all the sages can4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,country ,,school ,,building4 ,illustration3 ,,south ,,salem ,,school ,,with ,,house ,,for ,,superintendent1 ,,rent ,,free4 ,,springtime4 ,,air--,,auld ,,lang ,,syne4 ,the ,winter storms have passed away1 ,and ,springtime now is here1 ,with sunshine smiling all around1 ,and heavens blue and clear4 ,the gifts of ,nature brighten earth1 ,and ,nature her garden gay2 ,they give a cheery greeting bright ,on this1 the ,arbor ,day4 ,the birds with gladsome voices sing1 ,each its melodious lay1 ,and music swells each little throat ,on this1 the ,arbor ,day4 ,the trees put forth their greenest leaves1 ,on this1 the ,arbor ,day4 ,and welcome now the chosen tree ,which we shall plant today4 ,ellen ,beauchamp4 ,,do ,,apple ,,seeds ,,point ,,up ,,or ,,down8 ,when teacher called the apple class1 they gathered round to see ,what question deep in apple lore their task that day might be4 ,now tell me1 said the teacher1 to little ,polly ,brown1 ,do apple seeds grow pointing up1 or are they pointing down8 ,poor ,polly didn't know1 for she had never thought to look 7,and that's the kind of question you can't find in a book47 ,and of the whole big ,apple class not one small pupil knew ,if apple seeds point up or down6 ,but then1 my dear1 do you8 --,carolyn ,wells in ,st4 ,nicholas4 ,illustration ,if ,mother ,nature patches ,the leaves of trees and vines1 ,i'm sure she does her darning ,with the needles of the pines4 ,they are so long and slender2 ,and sometimes in full view1 ,they have their thread of cobwebs ,and thimbles made of dew4 --,william ,h4 ,hayne4 ,,the ,,jolly ,,old ,,crow4 ,on the limb of a tree sat a jolly old crow1 ,and chattered away with glee1 with glee1 ,as he saw the old farmer go out to sow1 ,and he cried3 ,it's all for me1 for me-- ,caw1 caw1 caw6 ,i've learned all the tricks of this wonderful man1 ,who has such a regard for the crow1 the crow1 ,that he lays out his grounds in a regular plan1 ,and covers his corn in a row1 a row-- ,caw1 caw1 caw6 --,selected4 ,,they',,ll ,,come ,,again4 ,they'll come again to the apple tree1 ,robin and all the rest2 ,when the orchard branches are fair to see ,in the snow of the blossoms dressed1 ,and the prettiest thing in the world will be ,the building of the nest4 ,a ,,plump ,,little ,,girl ,,and ,a ,,thin ,,little ,,bird4 ,a plump little girl and a thin little bird ,were out in the meadow together4 ,how cold that poor little bird must be ,without any clothes like mine1 said she1 ,although it is sunshiny weather6 ,a nice little girl is that1 piped he1 ,but1 oh1 how cold she must be6 ,for1 see1 ,she hasn't a single feather6 ,so each shivered to think of the other poor thing1 ,although it is sunshiny weather6 --,m4 ,m4 ,dodge4 ,,how ,,the ,,woodpecker ,,knows4 ,how does he know where to dig his hole1 ,the woodpecker there on the elm tree hole8 ,how does he know what kind of a limb ,to use for a drum1 and to burrow in8 ,how does he find where the young grubs grow-- ,i'd like to know8 ,the woodpecker flew to a maple limb1 ,and drummed a tattoo that was fun for him1 ,no breakfast here6 ,it's too hard for that4 ,he said1 as down on his tail he sat1 ,just listen to this3 rrrr rat-rat-tat4 ,do you know when you wound any dear little bird1 ,or take from its home-nest another1 ,that the cries of their anguish in heaven are heard1 ,that ,god pities those birds and their mother8 ,do you know the same ,god made the birds and the boys1 ,and both for the very same reason1 ,that each life should be bright with its homes and its joys1 ,for each in its measure and season8 ,do you know if you hark to the song in the air1 ,so sweet in the freshness of morning1 ,that the birds seem to sing1 ,we will trust to your care ,to keep us from danger and mourning8 ,do you1 if you'd listen with soul and with heart1 ,you never would ruffle a feather ,of the dear little birds that make our glad world a part1 ,for all are ,god's children together8 ,,the ,,boy',s ,,protest4 ,when a fellow knows every bird's nest ,in the fields for miles around1 ,where the squirrels play in the sunshine1 ,where the prettiest flowers are found2 ,when he knows a pair of robins ,that will fly to his hands for crumbs1 ,he hates to be penned in a school-room1 ,and he's glad when ,saturday comes4 ,there's a bee-tree on the hillside1 ,but ,i'll not tell any one where2 ,there's a school of trout in the mill-stream1 ,and ,i want to go fishing there4 ,i know where an oriole's building1 ,and a log where a partridge drums1 ,and ,i'm going to the woods to see them1 ,as soon as ,saturday comes4 ,they shouldn't keep school in the springtime1 ,when the world is so fresh and bright1 ,when you want to be fishing and climbing1 ,and playing from morn till night4 ,it's a shame to be kept in the school-room1 ,writing and working out sums2 ,all week it's like being in prison1 ,and ,i'm glad when ,saturday comes4 --,new ,york ,independent4 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,antwerp ,,scene4 ,illustration ,,the ,,oriole',s ,,song4 ,tangled and green the orchard way1 ,breath of blossoms1 and waft of breeze2 ,dew-wet vistas of breaking day1 ,drifted snow on the drooping trees4 ,through branching bloom1 and mist of green1 ,now here1 now there1 upon the wing1 ,flame of oriole faintly seen-- ,vision fair of the winsome spring4 ,a low-drawn cadence1 thrilling1 low1 ,a call1 a charm unto the ear2 ,a forest brook in golden flow1 ,a love song to the waking year4 ,and all the gladness of a young ,may ,is touching with pathos at the strain2 ,the melting music of the lay ,our heart's deep secrets wakes again4 --,sheila4 ,,the ,,red-,,headed ,,woodpecker4 ,,by ,,florence ,,merriam ,,bailey4 ,the ,national ,association of ,audubon ,societies ,educational ,leaflet ,no4 #dc4 ,the ,woodpeckers are a band of foresters most of whom spend their lives saving trees4 ,many of them do their work hidden in the dark forests1 but the ,red-heads hunt largely out in plain sight of passers-by4 ,why8 ,because1 while they devour enough enemies of the trees to deserve the name of foresters1 they are particularly fond of vegetable foods and large beetles found in the open4 ,watch one of the handsome ,red-headed birds on a fence4 ,down he drops to pick up an ant or a grasshopper from the ground2 then up he shoots to catch a wasp or beetle in the air4 ,nor does he stop with fly-catching4 ,nutting--beech-nutting--is one of his favorite pastimes2 while berries1 fruits and seeds are all to his taste4 ,if1 in his appreciation of the good things that man offers1 the ,red-head on rare occasions takes a bit more cultivated fruit or berries than his rightful share1 his attention should be diverted by planting some of his favorite wild fruits1 such as dogwood1 mulberry1 elderberry1 chokecherry1 or wild black cherry4 ,but1 in judging of what is a bird's fair share of man's crops1 many things should be considered4 ,food is bought for the ,canary and other house pets2 and many people who do not care for caged pets buy food for the wild birds summer and winter1 to bring them to their houses4 ,flowers cost something1 too4 ,but without birds and flowers1 what would the country be8 ,before raising his hand against a bird1 a man should think of many things4 ,a man who is unfair to a bird is unfair to himself4 ,sidenote3 ,feeding ,habits4 ,it would be a stingy man1 indeed1 who would begrudge the ,woodpeckers their acorns and beechnuts4 ,while the leaves are still green on the trees1 the ,redheads discover the beechnuts and go to work4 ,it is a truly beautiful sight1 ,dr4 ,merriam says1 to watch these magnificent birds creeping about after the manner of ,warblers1 among the small branches and twigs1 which bend low with their weight1 while picking and husking the tender nuts4 ,the nuts are not always eaten on the spot1 for1 like their famous ,california cousins1 the ,redheads store up food for winter use4 ,all sorts of odd nooks and crannies serve the ,redheads for storehouses--knot-holes1 pockets under patches of raised bark1 cracks between shingles and fences1 and even railroad ties4 ,sometimes1 instead of nuts1 grasshoppers and other eatables are put away in storage4 ,the wise birds at times make real caches1 concealing their stores by hammering down pieces of wood or bark over them4 ,beechnuts are such a large part of the fall and winter food of the ,redheads in some localities1 that1 like the gray squirrels1 the birds are common in good beechnut winters and absent in others4 ,cold and snow do not trouble them1 if they have plenty to eat1 for1 as ,major ,bendire says1 many of them winter along our northern border1 in certain years1 when they can find an abundant supply of food4 ,in fact1 in the greater part of the eastern states the ,redhead is a rather regular resident1 but in the western part of its range ,it appears to migrate pretty regularly1 so that it is rare to see one ,north of latitude #dj deg41 in winter4 ,the western boundary of the ,redhead's range is the ,rocky ,mountains1 but east of the mountains it breeds from ,manitoba and northern ,new ,york south to the ,gulf of ,mexico2 though it is a rare bird in eastern ,new ,england4 ,sidenote3 ,migration4 ,in sections where this erratic ,woodpecker migrates1 it leaves its nesting-grounds early in ,october1 and returns the latter part of ,april or the beginning of ,may4 ,before too much taken up with the serious business of life1 the ,redhead goes gaily about1 as ,major ,bendire says1 frolicking and playing hide-and-seek with its mate1 and when not so engaged1 amusing itself by drumming on some resonant dead limb1 or on the roof and sides of houses1 barns1 etc4 ,for though1 like other drummers1 the ,woodpeckers are not found in the front ranks of the orchestra1 they beat a royal tattoo that may well express many fine feelings4 ,when the musical spring holiday is over and the birds have chosen a tree for the nest1 they hew out a pocket in a trunk or branch1 anywhere from eight to eighty feet from the ground4 ,when the young hatch1 there comes a happy day for the looker-on who1 by kind intent and unobtrusive way1 has earned the right to watch the lovely birds flying back and forth1 caring for their brood4 ,sidenote3 ,nest4 ,and then1 at last1 come the days when the gray-headed youngsters1 from hanging out of the window1 boldly open their wings and launch into the air4 ,anxious times these are for old birds1--times when the watcher's admiration may be roused by heroic deeds of parental love2 for many a parent bird fairly flaunts in the face of the enemy1 as if trying to say1 ,kill me2 spare my young6 ,one family of ,redheads once gave me a delightful three weeks4 ,when the old birds were first discovered1 one was on a stub in a meadow4 ,when joined by its mate1 as the farmer was coming with oxen and hayrack to take up the rows of haycocks that led down the field1 the pair flew slowly ahead along a line of locusts1 pecking quietly at the bark of each tree before flying on4 ,at the foot of the meadow they flew over to a small grove in the adjoining pasture4 ,as it was ,july1 it was easy to draw conclusions4 ,and when ,i went to the grove to investigate1 the pair were so much alarmed that they at once corroborated my conclusions4 ,did ,i mean harm8 ,why had ,i come8 ,one of them leaned far down across a dead limb and inspected me1 rattling and bowing nervously2 the other stationed itself on the back of a branch over which it peered at me with one eye4 ,both of them cried krit-tar-rah every time ,i ventured to take a step4 ,as they positively would not commit themselves as to which one of the many ,woodpecker holes in sight belonged to them ,i had to make a tour of the grove4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,school ,,exhibit4 ,illustration3 ,,wayne ,,township ,,centralized ,,school ,,located ,,at ,,lees ,,creek1 ,,clinton ,,county1 ,,ohio4 ,on its edge was a promising old stub with a number of big1 round holes and1 picking up a stick1 ,i rapped on the trunk4 ,both birds were over my head in an instant1 rattling and scolding till you would have thought ,i had come to chop down the tree and carry off the young before their eyes4 ,i felt injured1 but having found the nest could afford to watch from a distance4 ,it was not long before the old birds began feeding their young4 ,they would fly to the stub and stand under the nest while rousing the brood by rattling into the hole1 which had the odd effect of muffling their voices4 ,when1 as they flew back and forth a ,yellow-hammer stopped in passing1 they drove him off in a hurry4 ,they wanted that grove to themselves4 ,on my next visits1 if1 in spite of many precautions1 they discovered me1 they flew to dead tree tops to watch me1 or startled me by an angry quarr' quarr' quarr' over my head4 ,when they found that ,i made no attempt to go near the nest1 however1 they finally put up with me and went about their business4 ,after being at the nest together they would often fly off in opposite directions1 to hunt on different beats4 ,if one hunted in the grove1 the other would go out to the rail fence4 ,a high maple was a favorite lookout and hunting-ground for the one who stayed in the grove1 and cracks in the bark afforded good places to wedge insects into4 ,the bird who hunted on the fence1 if suspecting a grub in a rail1 would stand motionless as a ,robin on the grass1 apparently listening2 but when the right moment came would drill down rapidly and spear the grub4 ,if an insect passed that way the ,redhead would make a sally into the air for it1 sometimes shooting straight up for fifteen or twenty feet and coming down almost as straight2 at others flying out and back in an ellipse1 horizontally or obliquely up in the air or down over the ground4 ,but oftener than all1 perhaps1 it flew down onto the ground to pick up something which its sharp eyes had discovered there4 ,once it brought up some insect1 hit it against the rail1 gave a business-like hop and flew off to feed its young4 ,the young left the nest between my visits1 but when1 chancing to focus my glass on a passing ,woodpecker ,i discovered that its head was gray instead of red1 ,i knew for a certainty what had happened4 ,the fledgling seemed already much at home on its wings4 ,it flew out into the air1 caught a white miller and went back to the tree with it1 shaking it and then rapping it vigorously against a branch before venturing to swallow it4 ,when the youngster flew1 ,i followed rousing a ,robin who made such an outcry that one of the old ,redheads flew over in alarm4 ,kik-a-rik1 kik-a-rik1 it cried as it hurried from tree to tree1 trying to keep an eye on me while looking for the youngster4 ,neither of us could find it for some time1 but after looking in vain over the west side of a big tree ,i rounded the trunk and found it calmly sitting on a branch on the east side--which goes to prove that it is never safe to say a ,woodpecker isn't on a tree1 till you have seen both sides6 ,the old ,redhead found the lost fledgling about the time that ,i did and flew over to it with what looked like a big grub4 ,at the delectable sight1 the youngster dropped all its airs of independence1 and with weak infantile cries turned and opened wide its bill6 ,two days later ,i found two birds that may have been father and son1 on the side of a gladpole1 out in the big world together4 ,the old bird's head glowed crimson in the strong sunlight1 and it was fortunate indeed that only friends were by4 ,the striking tricolor makes the ,redheads such good targets that they are in especial danger from human enemies and need loyal1 valiant defenders wherever they live4 ,and what a privilege it is to have birds of such interesting habits and beautiful plumage in your neighborhood6 ,how the long country roads are enlivened1 how the green fields are lit up1 as one of the brilliant birds rises from a fence-post and flies over them6 ,in the city1 it is rare good luck1 indeed1 to have a pair nest in an oak where you can watch them and even a passing glimpse or an occasional visit is something to be thankful for4 ,there's the ,redhead6 you exclaim exultantly1 when a loud tattoo beats on your city roof in spring4 ,and ,there's the ,redhead6 you cry with delight1 as a soft kikarik comes from a leafless oak you are passing in winter2 and the city street1 so dull and uninteresting before1 is suddenly illumined by the sight4 --,reprinted from ,bird-lore4 ,,four ,,leaf ,,clovers4 ,i know a place where the sun is like gold1 ,and the cherry blooms burst with snow1 ,and down underneath is the loveliest nook1 ,where the four-leaf clovers grow4 ,one leaf is for hope1 and one is for faith1 ,and one is for love1 you know1 ,but ,god put another in for luck-- ,if you search1 you will find where they grow4 ,but you must have hope1 and you must have faith1 ,you must love and be strong1 and so ,if you work1 if you wait1 you will find the place ,where the four-leaf clovers grow4 --,ella ,higginson4 ,,the ,,flower ,,folk4 ,hope is like a harebell trembling from its birth1 ,love is like a rose the joy of all the earth2 ,faith is like a lily lifted high and white1 ,love is like a lovely rose1 the world's delight2 ,harebells and sweet lilies show a thornless growth ,but the rose with all its thorns excels them both4 --,christina ,g4 ,rossetti4 ,,arbor ,,day ,,march4 ,,air--,,marching ,,through ,,georgia4 ,celebrate the ,arbor ,day ,with march and song and cheer1 ,for the season comes to us ,but once in every year2 ,should we not remember it1 ,and make the memory dear1 ,memories sweet for this ,may day4 ,,chorus4 ,hurrah6 ,hurrah6 ,the ,arbor ,day is here2 ,hurrah6 ,hurrah6 ,it gladdens every year1 ,so we plant a young tree on blithesome ,arbor ,day1 ,while we are singing for gladness4 ,,arbor ,,day ,,song4 7,,air3 ,,hold ,,the ,,fort47 ,friends and parents gather with us1 ,in our school today1 ,thoughts of grove and tangled wildwoods1 ,in our minds hold sway4 ,,chorus4 ,spare the trees1 ,oh thoughtless woodman1 ,hew but what you need1 ,they give balm to vagrant breezes1 ,for their lives we plead4 ,giant oaks in sunny pastures ,cast their pleasant shade ,maples clad in gold and crimson ,cheer the darkened glade4 ,lofty firs and murmuring pine trees ,shading mountain's crest1 ,are the growth of weary ages2 ,for them we protest4 ,heralded in leafy banners1 ,season's four we greet2 ,every bough a sacred temple ,for the song birds sweet4 --,iowa ,special ,days4 ,,we ,,love ,,the ,,trees4 7,,tune3 ,,there',s ,,music ,,in ,,the ,,air47 ,we love the grand old trees1 ,with the ,oak1 their royal king1 ,and the ,maple1 forest queen1 ,we to her homage bring2 ,and the ,elm1 with stately form1 ,long withstanding wind and storm1 ,pine1 low whispering to the breeze1 ,o1 we love the grand old trees6 ,we love the grand old trees1 ,the ,cedar1 bright above the snow1 ,the ,poplar1 straight and tall1 ,and the ,willow1 weeping low1 ,butternut and ,walnut1 too1 ,hickory1 so staunch and true1 ,basswood1 blooming for the bees1 ,o1 we love the grand old trees6 ,we love the grand old trees1 ,the ,tulip1 branching broad and high1 ,the ,beech1 with shining robe1 ,and the ,birch1 so sweet and shy1 ,aged ,chestnuts1 fair to see1 ,holly1 bright with ,christmas glee1 ,laurel1 crown for victories1 ,o1 we love the grand old trees6 --,ada ,s4 ,sherwood1 in ,journal of ,education4 ,,recitation4 ,do you know the trees by name ,when you see them growing ,in the fields or in the woods8 ,they are well worth knowing4 ,watch them in the early spring1 ,when their buds are swelling2 ,watch each tiny little leaf ,leave its little dwelling4 ,watch them later1 when their leaves ,everywhere are showing2 ,soon you'll know the different trees ,when you see them growing4 --,selected4 ,,goin' ,,barefooted4 ,it's more fun goin' barefoot than anythin' ,i know1 ,there ain't a single 'nother thing that helps your feelin's so4 ,some days ,i stay in muvver's room1 a-gettin' in her way1 ,an' when ,i've bothered her so much1 she sez1 ,oh1 run and play6 ,i say1 ,kin ,i go barefoot8 ,en she sez1 ,if y' choose4 ,nen ,i alwuz wanter holler when ,i'm pullin' off my shoes6 ,it's fun a-going barefoot when yer playin' any game1 ',cause robbers would be noisy1 an' ,indians awful tame ,unless they had their shoes off when they crep' up in the night1 ,an' folks can't know they're comin' till they get right close in sight4 ,an' ,i'm surely goin' barefoot every day when ,i get old1 ,an' haven't got a nurse to say ,i'll catch my death of cold4 ,an' if you're goin' barefoot1 yer want to go outdoors2 ,y' can't stretch out an' dig yer heels in stupid1 hardwood floors1 ,like you can dig 'em in th' dirt4 ,an' where th' long grass grows1 ,th' blades feel kinder tickley and cool between yer toes4 ,so when ,i'm pullin' off my shoes ,i'm mighty 'fraid ,i'll cough1 ',cause then ,i know ,ma'd stop me 'fore ,i got my stockin's off4 ,if y' often go 'round barefoot there's lots o' things to know-- ,of how to curl yer feet on stones1 so they won't hurt y' so2 ,an' when th' grass is stickley1 an' pricks y' at a touch1 ,jes' plank yer feet down solid1 an' it don't hurt half so much2 ,i lose my hat mos' every day--,i wish ,i did my shoes2 ,er else ,i wisht ,i was so poor ,i hadn't none to lose6 --,burges ,johnson1 in ,harper's ,magazine4 ,the year's at the spring1 ,and day's at the morn2 ,morning's at seven2 ,the hill-sides dew pearled3 ,the larks on the wing3 ,the snails on the thorn2 ,god's in his heaven-- ,all's right with the world6 --,browning4 ,in fact there is nothing that keeps its youth ,so far as ,i know1 but a tree and truth4 --,o4 ,w4 ,holmes4 ,there's never a leaf or a blade too mean ,to be some creature's palace4 --,lowell4 ,,time ,,to ,,rise4 ,a birdie with a yellow bill ,hopped upon the window sill4 ,cocked his shining eye and said3 ,ain't you 'shamed1 you sleepy-head6 ,flowers are the sweetest things ,god ever made and forgot to put a soul into4 --,beecher4 ,the best verses ,i have printed are the trees ,i have planted4 --,holmes4 ,there was never mystery ,but 'tis figured in the flowers2 ,was never secret history ,but birds tell it in the bowers4 --,emerson4 ,illustration3 ,,our ,,shy ,,neighbor4 ,,the ,,wiseacres ,,of ,,the ,,forest4 ,from ,nature and ,culture4 ,so many have an idea that bird-life does not blossom out until the flowers do1 and that our shy neighbors do not wake to life and joy and song until the warm breezes of spring have chased to the realm of memory winter's cold and snow4 ,several weeks of wandering through the woods during the months of ,january and ,february taught me that to him who has time to devote1 and that amount of patience which enables a hunter to rise at three in the morning1 crawl through wet1 tangled swamp-grass in the cold and snow1 and then sit shivering for hours in a hide awaiting the ducks1 there will be shots1 camera shots1 replete with interest and full of instruction2 revelations of a world's population little known because of their unobtrusive life4 ,they who lead the simple life may not make as much stir in the world as some others we know3 but never make the mistake of thinking the life one lacking in interest4 ,these little journeys of mine were for the purpose of prying into the secrets of our friends the owls4 ,as far back as the uncovered picture-writing of the ancients1 ,mr4 ,owl has been the synonym for wisdom4 ,does he deserve the title8 ,as company lends interest1 ,i was accompanied by a friend who took equal delight in these jaunts2 and off we started one fourteenth of ,january4 ,for some six miles we tramped along the ,kaw ,valley1 in ,kansas1 ever on the lookout for trees with large hollow trunks or broken limbs4 ,now1 if any one believes an owl is entirely a night-bird1 let him follow in my footsteps1 and he will learn a thing or two4 ,these are some of the mysteries of the wild4 ,entering a spot of the forest where the banks of the stream were lined thickly on both sides with trees1 both large and small1 we seated ourselves for a time to rest and to watch4 ,like ,egyptian darkness1 the quiet was of a kind to be felt1 but it did not long remain this way4 ,suddenly the strange quiet was broken by a fierce1 angry call of a crow4 ,now1 where did he come from1 and why this display of anger8 ,possibly at our intrusion2 yet this could hardly be1 as it was far too early in the season for the crow to be nesting4 ,before we had time to settle our question the stillness was further broken by several shrill answers1 and into the branchy arena came other crows4 ,these were followed by others1 and still others4 ,surely we were not the cause of all this disturbance4 ,finally there were no less than two dozen crows flying around a large tree with a broken top1 and making a clatter that would have put a boiler factory to shame4 ,one could easily imagine it to be a congress of crows exorcised over an insurgency move and demanding the previous question4 ,then came the solution of the mystery4 ,in dignified yet rapid flight a huge owl dropped from a limb on the other side of the stump1 and with a flight as silent as the grave winged her way into the deeper woods followed by that rabble of noisy1 cawing crows4 ,it seemed strange that the owl did not turn upon her tormentors2 she who had talons long1 strong1 and sharp2 a beak that could easily make its impression upon a pine stick2 but her reputed wisdom here led her to know that safety lay in flight1 as her size would be her undoing2 that the crow would find many points of attack ere she could turn around4 ,safety lay in flight and shelter where the crows could not reach her1 and would finally caw themselves hoarse and tired1 and at last depart4 ,many times have ,i watched these actions on the part of the owls and crows1 and always with the same results4 ,not alone the larger1 but also the smaller owls adopt the same course of action to escape their tormentors4 ,this leads me to believe that this partly accounts for their foraging at night4 ,illustration3 ,,nest ,,of ,,barred ,,owl4 ,we now turned our attention to the tree--truly a monarch of the forest primeval--a huge sycamore1 about five feet in diameter at the base1 with few limbs to aid in climbing4 ,but we simply must get up to that hollow1 and after much effort success was ours2 and there1 deep down in the hole1 on a bed of warm chips and half-rotted punky wood1 all nicely cuddled up1 lay two little fluffy white baby owls--young hoot owls4 ,as it takes about four weeks for incubation1 and these babies were fully a week old1 nesting must have begun at least in the middle of ,december4 ,much depends on the winter2 this one having been very mild4 ,in fact1 ,i have noticed that birds are quite accurate weather prophets1 were we only skilled enough to read their predictions4 ,but it is always safe1 ,i find1 to be early in the field4 ,and now came our first disappointment4 ,it was impossible to secure a picture of the nest and baby owls1 owing to the unfavorable position of the tree and nest2 so1 taking a farewell look at the place1 we returned1 hoping for better luck next time4 ,illustration3 ,,nest ,,and ,,eggs ,,of ,,screech ,,owl4 ,the following week we were out and at it again1 and were more fortunate in that we discovered the home of another owl1 similar in shape1 but smaller1 and differently marked4 ,this was the barred owl1 so called because of its markings4 ,here1 again1 the nest was up quite a ways1 and difficult to get to4 ,after much trouble we cut down a small tree and hoisted it into the larger tree so that it came near the hole where the nest was4 ,this enabled me to get above the nest1 so that ,i could swing down to the hole by a rope and get a view of the nest and contents4 ,after many attempts ,i succeeded in snapping two or three negatives1 one of which turned out fairly good and accompanies this article4 ,every move ,i made while taking the pictures was punctuated by hoots of anger and disgust by the mother owl1 who had flown to a nearby tree1 until she aroused the attention of some ever-observant crows2 then she had all she could do taking care of herself and getting rid of her tormentors4 ,if ever a free matinee in birdland was billed1 it occurred that afternoon4 ,the weeks now slowly passed without further success4 ,one must have patience1 much patience1 in birdland4 ,it may take years to secure what will prove satisfactory views of some species4 ,many snaps1 when taken1 prove undesirable after development1 and each week adds to the uncertainty of finding anything at home when next you come4 ,while the percentage of successful incubation is fairly large1 yet the numerous enemies of the feathered tribe make the uncertainty of life in birdland quite noticeable4 ,illustration3 ,,baby ,,screech ,,owls4 ,the time was now ripe for us to turn our attention to the little screech owls2 a small but interesting and valuable species4 ,here ,i found a marked difference4 ,any small hole or cavity suits their fancy4 ,generally speaking1 it must be small enough to exclude larger birds or animals that might prey upon them2 but at times their boasted wisdom seemingly forsakes them1 and they take up with any habitation4 ,i have known them to nest in boxes in shade-trees and in bird-houses under the eaves of the barn4 ,on this trip ,i found a fresh set of eggs in an old hollow stump formerly made by and used as the nesting-place of the yellow-shafted woodpecker4 ,mrs4 ,owl was at home1 and very much disliked being disturbed4 ,unlike the larger owls1 she refused to fly away1 and ,i had to lift her repeatedly from the eggs that ,i might take the picture4 ,as sometimes happens1 the negative was a failure2 and returning the next week to try for better luck1 ,i found safely curled up within the cavity an opossum4 ,the eggs and mother bird were not in evidence1 and the possum told no tales4 ,similar experiences have often occurred to me when ,i have returned for better views or to follow up a certain line of study4 ,the next nest of this species ,i found in a large hollow limb1 which in falling had lodged crosswise in a tree4 ,it was rather a queer place for a screech owl1 but1 ,i presume1 suited her fancy4 ,however1 it was favorably located1 and if successful ,i could at least follow up the process of nature2 and this is just what ,i did4 ,the only change made was in bringing the eggs1 and later the young1 forward from the recess of the cavity to insure better light4 ,i wished to also take the parent bird upon the nest2 but in this case they were perverse1 and refused to be taken4 ,one of the birds decided that he did not wish to be taken1 and after repeated trials ,i concluded he knew best1 and gave over the attempt4 ,i also took the most courageous one and posed him on the stump of the tree4 ,the result is not altogether satisfactory1 but is interesting4 ,illustration3 ,,nest ,,and ,,eggs ,,of ,,long-,,eared ,,owl4 ,my next acquisition was the long-eared owl4 ,with camera and tripod strapped upon the bicycle ,i started upon a ride of some fifteen miles1 which brought me to an old nursery1 abandoned1 overgrown1 and wild4 ,here1 in a much-neglected fir grove ,i found the nests and eggs of this variety4 ,the first taken was in a pine4 ,climbing an adjacent tree1 ,i located myself about five feet from the nest1 and after carefully securing and focussing the camera1 secured the view4 ,my second ,i found later in the day in an apple tree4 ,the tree was in bloom1 but not leaved out1 and offered but scant hide or protection for the nest4 ,indeed ,i1 at first1 took it for an old crow's nest1 and was about to pass on1 when up over the rim of the nest bobbed two long ear-like tufts--whence the bird gets its name4 ,approaching the tree1 the mother quietly left1 and as long as ,i was in that vicinity ,i saw nothing further of her4 ,the long-eared owl is not very particular in the choice of her nesting-place4 ,they will often build in a communal manner1 several pairs selecting a fir grove or other suitable place2 and here you will find the nests quite near together4 ,again1 they will be isolated in location2 one here1 and another quite a distance away1 as the notion strikes them4 ,the nest also seems to vary with their state of mind4 ,at times they will build a very elaborate structure of their own2 then1 again1 they take up with an old crow's nest or the summer nest of a squirrel1 and with very little patching up make this answer their purpose4 ,because of this variability on their part1 it is not an easy matter to locate an occupied nest4 ,illustration3 ,,elaborate ,,nest ,,of ,,long-,,eared ,,owl4 ,one more1 and ,i am done with the owls4 ,the securing of this was of great interest to me1 not alone for the sake of the picture1 but because it settled two questions on which ,i had long been in doubt4 ,at the time of which ,i now write ,i was living in an ,indian school1 and previous to this all my ideas of ,indians and ,indian life had been gathered from ,cooper4 ,near the school was a large village of prairie dogs covering something like ten acres of ground4 ,one day ,i saw a small species of owl flying around and lighting on the different mounds4 ,i immediately knew it to be the burrowing owl2 but where among all those thousand and more holes to dig for her was a question ,i could not answer4 ,to assist me1 ,i brought the supposed craft of the red man's children to bear2 but of no avail4 ,not one of over two hundred could give me the least ray of light4 ,then ,i got down to principles and discovered that there were some mounds around which were scattered butterflies' and grasshoppers' legs and wings1 parts of frogs and toads1 and the little pellets usually ejected by owls in the process of digestion4 ,i also found that these mounds were invariably covered by an animal compost gathered from the surrounding prairie4 ,i resolved to put my theory to the test by digging into one of these holes4 ,here the ,indian boy was a great help1 as he thoroughly knew his verb to dig4 ,i followed the hole down through hardpan to a depth of three feet1 and back for over ten feet1 where at last ,i found ,mrs4 ,owl sitting on her nest of fresh eggs4 ,here ,i took her picture while her large round eyes followed my every move as ,i focused and snapped her4 ,it was while investigating this subject that ,i also exploded a somewhat common belief that prairie dogs1 owls1 and rattlesnakes live together in the same quarters in perfect amity4 ,this is not the case4 ,if they are ever found together it is either an accident unknown to one or the other party1 or one of three has purposely crawled into the other's home for deeds dark and evil4 ,altogether the experiences gained amply repaid me for the effort spent4 ,these visits to the silent ones were payments ample enough in themselves1 but my closer acquaintance with a very interesting family made them doubly so4 ,i find that the owl is one of our best and most valuable friends1 destroying during a season much of the troublesome animal population that injures the agricultural interests of the land4 ,if careless boys and indifferent others could get this fact well grounded and use some other mark in target practice1 all parties would be better off and much good gained4 ,to take any life is ill1 but to take good life is crime4 ,illustration3 ,,burrowing ,,owl ,,and ,,her ,,eggs4 ,,the ,,jays4 ,i know an old man1 ,his name is ,jay1 ,he wears a blue coat1 ,and a hat of gray4 ,he has a nice nest ,high up in a tree1 ,where sits his dear mate ,content as can be4 ,there are four blue eggs ,in the little brown nest1 ,which will soon be baby birds ,blue1 like the rest4 ,,address ,,of ,,the ,,birds4 ,,an ,,exercise ,,for ,,five ,,pupils4 ,the ,robin-- ,i am a robin1 very brown ,and big and plump and smooth and round4 ,my breast is pretty1 bright and red ,and see this top-knot on my head6 ,i heard the boys awhile ago ,shooting robins o'er the snow1 ,and flew away in trembling fear ,and thought ,i'd hide from them in here4 ,the ,blue ,bird-- ,i'm a blue bird4 ,don't you see ,me sitting on this apple-tree1 ,i left my nest an hour ago ,to look for bugs and worms1 you know2 ,and now ,i know the very thing-- ,that while ,i'm waiting ,i will sing1 ,oh6 beautiful and balmy spring4 ,the ,woodpecker-- ,i'm a woodpecker--a bird ,whose sound through wood and dale is heard4 ,i tap1 tap1 tap1 with noisy glee1 ,to test the bark of every tree4 ,i saw a rainbow stretching gay1 ,across the sky1 the other day2 ,and some one said1 ,good-bye to rain1 ,the woodpecker has come again4 ,the ,lark-- ,i'm the lark and early rise ,to greet the sun-god of the skies1 ,and upright cleave the freshening air1 ,to sail in regions still more fair4 ,who could not soar on lusty wing1 ,his ,maker's praises thus to sing8 ,the ,nightingale-- ,in music ,i excel the lark1 ,she comes at dawn1 ,i come at dark1 ,and when the stars are shining bright1 ,i sing the praises of the night4 ,in ,concert-- ,oh6 in a chorus sweet we'll sing1 ,and wake the echoes of the spring4 ,,little ,,by ,,little4 ,little by little1 the acorn said1 ,as it slowly sank in its mossy bed1 ,i am improving every day1 ,hidden deep in the earth away4 ,little by little each day it grew2 ,little by little it sipped the dew2 ,downward it sent out a threadlike root2 ,up in the air sprung a tiny shoot1 ,day after day1 and year after year1 ,little by little the leaves appear2 ,and the slender branches spread far and wide1 ,till the mighty oak is the forest's pride4 ,little by little1 said the thoughtful boy1 ,moment by moment1 ,i'll well employ1 ,learning a little every day1 ,and not misspending my time in play2 ,whatever ,i do ,i will do it well4 ,little by little1 ,i'll learn to know ,the treasured wisdom of long ago2 ,and one of these days1 perhaps1 will see ,that the world will be the better for me4 --,selected4 ,a ,,little ,,pollywog4 ,a tiny little pollywog1 ,and little brothers three1 ,lived in the water near a log1 ,as happy as could be4 ,a-swimming1 swimming all the day1 ,a-sleeping all the night1 ,and trying1 though they were so gay1 ,to do just what was right2 ,a-growing1 growing all the while1 ,because they did their best2 ,but ,i am afraid that you will smile ,when ,i tell you the rest4 ,one morning1 sitting on the log1 ,they looked in mute surprise2 ,four legs had every pollywog1 ,where two had met their eyes4 ,their mother1 letting fall a tear1 ,said1 ,oh1 my pollywogs1 ,it can't be you that sitting here6 ,for all of them were frogs4 ,and with their legs they've grown some lungs2 ,so you just wait and see4 ,in summer time their little tongues ,will sing ',kachink' with glee4 --,school ,education4 ,,an ,,arbor ,,day ,,tree4 ,dear little tree that we plant today ,what will you be when we're old and gray8 ,the savings bank of the squirrel and mouse1 ,for robin and wren an apartment house1 ,the dressing-room of the butterfly's ball1 ,the locust's and katydid's concert hall1 ,the school-boy's ladder in pleasant ,june1 ,the school-girl's tent in the ,july noon4 ,and my leaves shall whisper them merrily1 ,a tale of the children who planted me4 --,from ,the ,intelligence4 ,,the ,,robin ,,and ,,the ,,flower4 ,a ,robin once sat in the bright winter's sun1 ,a foolish red robin was he1 ,for he sang a sweet song that springtime had come ,when the day was as cold as could be4 ,so gay was his song of the warmth of the hour1 ,so merrily babbled the sound1 ,that it stole through the dream of a dear little flower ,who was slumbering under the ground4 ,the sleeper awakened1 soft lifted the sod ,and harkened the robin's sweet song1 ,full glad was her heart and thankful to ,god ,that winter so quickly had gone4 ,the robin still sang and the dear little flower ,unfolded her petals of pink3-- ,i'll hold up my chalice1 she said1 for a shower ,that from me my robin may drink4 ,the singer flew quickly to welcome his love1-- ,his love that was faltering low3-- ,oh1 where was the warmth from the heaven above8 ,instead of a shower there was snow4 ,then robin quick covered her o'er with his wing1 ,don't leave me1 ,i love you1 he cried3 ,and he kissed her so tenderly1 poor little thing1 ,but the blossom1 his loved one1 had died4 ,red robin still sits in the bright winter's sun1 ,but a sorrowing robin is he2 ,no longer he sings that the springtime has come ,when the day is as cold as can be4 --,charles ,a4 ,myall4 ,give fools their gold and knaves their power2 ,let fortune's bubbles rise and fall2 ,who sows a field1 or trains a flower ,or plants a tree is more than all4 ,for he who blesses most is blest2 ,and ,god and man shall own his worth ,who toils to leave as his bequest ,an added beauty to the earth4 --,whittier4 ,,bird ,,puzzle4 #a4 ,there's a bird whose name tells if he flies fast or slow1 #b4 ,one which boys use when with long strides they go1 #c4 ,there is one that tells tales1 although he can't sing1 #d4 ,and one who flies high1 but is held by a string4 #e4 ,by one a high rank in the army is held2 #f4 ,there's another whose name with one letter is spelled4 #g4 ,there is one that a farmer in harvest would use2 #h4 ,and one you can easily fool if you choose4 #i4 ,what bird1 at dessert1 is it useful to hold8 #aj4 ,and which in the chimney place oft hung of old8 #aa4 ,which bird wears a bit of sky in its dress8 #ab4 ,which one always stands in the corner at chess8 #ac4 ,there is one built a church1 of ,london the pride2 #ad4 ,we have one when we talk with a friend by our side4 #ae4 ,what bird would its bill find useful at tea1 #af4 ,and which would its tail use to steer with at sea8 #ag4 ,which proudly a musical instrument wears8 #ah4 ,and which the same name as a small island bears8 #ai4 ,which bird is called foolish and stupid and silly8 #bj4 ,and which always wanting to punish poor ,billy8 #ba4 ,which bird is an artisan1 works at his trade8 #bb4 ,and which is the stuff of which flags are made8 #bc4 ,one1 we're told by the poet1 at ,heaven's gate sings2 #bd4 ,there's one which in ,holland the new baby brings4 #be4 ,what bird have we with us in eating and drinking8 #bf4 ,one1 used for a fence1 you can say without thinking4 #bg4 ,what bird is a scoffer1 a scorner1 a jest8 #bh4 ,which one is too lazy to build her own nest8 #bi4 ,from a high wind at evening one name is inferred4 #cj4 ,guess these1 and you're wise as ,minerva's own bird4 ,,answers ,,to ,,bird ,,puzzle4 #a4 ,swift #b4 ,stilt #c4 ,tatler #d4 ,kite #e4 ,adjutant #f4 ,jay #g4 ,thrasher #h4 ,gull #i4 ,nut-cracker #aj4 ,crane #aa4 ,blue ,bird #ab4 ,rook #ac4 ,wren #ad4 ,chat #ae4 ,spoon-,bill #af4 ,rudder-duck #ag4 ,lyre-bird #ah4 ,canary #ai4 ,loon #bj4 ,whippoorwill #ba4 ,weaver #bb4 ,bunting #bc4 ,lark #bd4 ,stork #be4 ,swallow #bf4 ,rail #bg4 ,mocking bird #bh4 ,cuckoo #bi4 ,nightingale #cj4 ,owl ,,the ,,catbird4 ,he sits on the branch of yon blossoming tree1 ,this mad-cap cousin of ,robin and ,thrush1 ,and sings without ceasing the whole morning long2 ,now wild1 now tender1 the wayward song ,that flows from his soft gray1 fluttering throat2 ,but oft he stops in his sweetest note1 ,and shaking a flower from the blossoming bough1 ,drawls out3 ,mi-eu1 mi-ow6 --,edith ,m4 ,thomas4 ,,the ,,mocking ,,bird4 ,he didn't know much music ,when first he come along2 ,an' all the birds went wonderin' ,why he didn't sing a song4 ,they primed their feathers in the sun1 ,an' sung their sweetest notes2 ,an' music jest come on the run ,from all their purty throats6 ,but still that bird was silent ,in summer time an' fall2 ,he jest set still an' listened ,an' he wouldn't sing at all6 ,but one night when them songsters ,was tired out an' still1 ,an' the wind sighed down the valley ,an' went creepin' up the hill2 ,when the stars was all a-tremble ,in the dreamin' fields o' blue1 ,an' the daisy in the darkness ,felt the fallin' o' the dew1-- ,there come a sound o' melody ,no mortal ever heard1 ,an' all the birds seemed singin' ,from the throat o' one sweet bird6 ,then the other birds went playin' ,in a land too fur to call2 ,fer there warn't no use in stayin' ,when one bird could sing fer all6 --,frank ,l4 ,stanton4 ,illustration3 ,the ,buckeye ,state