,,ca!drals ,,& ,,cloi/]s ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,( ,,france ,illu/ration3 ,rodez4 ,%e] & /raight ! pill>s rise1 444 & ar* aft] ar* is lo/ on ! %ad[s ( ! n>r[ vault+ ( ! side-aisle4 ,,ca!drals & ,,cloi/]s ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,( ,,france ,,by ,,elise ,,:itlock ,,rose ,,) ,,illu/rations ,,f ,,orig9al ,,photographs ,,by ,,vida ,,hunt ,,francis ,,9 ,,two ,,volumes ,,volume ,i4 ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,! ,knick]bock] ,press #aijf ,copyright1 #aijf by ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,,preface4 ,= ye>s ! mak]s ( ?is book h sp5t ! summ] "t 9 w&]+ ab\t ! ,fr5* c\ntry2 l$ "h by ! fame ( "s old monum5t1 or !re by an incid5t ( hi/ory4 ,!y h f\nd ! real1 unspoil$ ,france1 (t5 unexplor$ by any except ! ,fr5* !mselves1 & practically unkn[n to =eign]s1 ev5 to ! ubiquit\s mak] ( guide-books4 ,= weeks toge!r !y h travell$ )\t meet+ an ,engli%-speak+ p]son4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n surpris+ t !y 7 unable to f9d1 9 any conv5i5t =m 9 ,engli%1 a book tell+ ( ! ,ca!drals ( ! ,s\? :i* 0 at once accurate & complete4 ,= ! ,ca!drals ( t c\ntry are monum5ts n only ( ar*itecture & its hi/ory1 b ( ! hi/ory ( peoples1 ! psy*ology ( ! *ri/ianis+ & unify+ ( ! b>b>ian & ! ,gallo-,roman1 & _m ?+s besides1 epitomis$ p]haps 9 ! old words1 ! /ruggle betwe5 ! _w1 ! fle%1 & ! devil4 ,9 ,fr5*1 works on ,ca!drals are num]\s & exhau/ive2 b ei!r s volum9\s z to be unpractical except = ! speciali/--z ! volumes ( ,viollet-le-,duc1--or s te*nical z to make ea* ,ca!dral seem "o 9 an endless1 monoton\s procession1 diff]+ f ! o!rs only 9 size1 /yle1 & age4 ,?is is di/9ctly unfair to ^! old *ur*es :i* h p]sonalities & idiosyncrasies z real z ^? ( individuals4 ,x has be5 ! aim ( ! mak]s ( ?is book to introduce1 9 photograph & 9 /ory1--n critically or exhau/ively1 b sugge/ively & accurately1--! ,ca!dral ( ! ,m$it]ranean prov9ces z x exi/s to-day ) its peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ar*itecture & hi/ory4 ,!y h describ$ only *ur*es :i* !y h se51 !y h v]ifi$ e fact & date :]e su* v]ification 0 possible1 & h dep5d$ on local tradition only :]e t 0 all :i* rema9$ to tell ( ! pa/2 & !y w feel abundantly repaid = travel1 rese>*1 & pati5t exploration ( t[]s1 crypts1 & ar*ives if ! leisurely travell] on pleasure b5t %all f9d 9 ^! volumes b a h9t ( ! int]e/ & fasc9ation :i* ! glori\s ar*itecture1 ! hi/ory1 & ! unmat*$ climate ( ! ,s\?l& c awak54 ,= unfail+ c\rtesy & untir+ int]e/1 = free access to private z well z to ecclesia/ical libr>ies1 = p]mission to photograph & copy1 = unb\nd+ hospitality & ! retell+ ( _m an old leg5d1 _! mo/ grateful ?anks are due to ! ,ca?olic cl]gy1 f ,ar*bi%op to ,cure & ,vic>4 ,= r>e old bits ( in=mation1 = hi/orical v]ification1 & = inf9ite pa9s 9 accuracy ( pr9t$ matt]1 !y owe w>m ?anks to ,mrs4 ,wilbur ,rose1 to ,miss ,frances ,kyle1 & to ,mrs4 ,william ,h4 ,%elmire1 ,jr4 ,= criticism & tra9+ 9 ! art ( photograph+ !y owe no less grateful ackn[l$gm5t to ,mr4 ,john ,g4 ,bullock & ,mr4 ,*>les ,r4 ,pancoa/4 ,e4 ,w4 ,r4 ,v4 ,h4 ,f4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,! ,,s\? ,,( ,,france ,i4 ,,! ,,s\? ,,( ,,france #c ,,ii4 ,,ar*itecture ,,9 ,,prov5ce1 ,,langu$oc1 ,,& ,,gascony #bi ,,prov5ce ,i4 ,,! ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,! ,,sea #ee ,m>seilles--,t\lon--,frejus--,antibes--, nice ,,ii4 ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,! ,,hill-,,t[ns #gb ,c>p5tras--,digne--,=calqui]--,v5ce--,gr asse ,,iii4 ,,riv]-,,side ,,ca!drals #aja ,avignon--,vaison--,arles--,entrevaux--, si/]on ,,iv4 ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,! ,,valleys #agh ,orange--,cavaillon--,apt--,riez--,s5ez- -,aix ,,langu$oc ,i4 ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,! ,,cities #bcg ,nimes--,montpelli]--,bezi]s--,n>bonne-- ,p]pignan-- ,c>cassonne--,ca/res--,t\l\se--,montauba n ,illu/rations ,page ,,rodez ,frontispiece ,%e] & /raight ! pill>s rise1 444 & ar* aft] ar* is lo/ on ! %ad[s ( ! n>r[ vault+ ( ! side-aisle4 ,,c>cassonne1 ,,! ,,invuln]able #e ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,an ,,e>ly ,,m>itime ,,ca!dral--,agde #aj ,a ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,e>li] ,,/yle--,arles #ae ,a ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,lat] ,,/yle--,rodez #ai ,,! ,,delicate ,,*oir ,,( ,,sa9t-,,nazaire--,c>cassonne #bc ,a ,,cloi/] ,,( ,,! ,,s\?--,elne #bg ,a ,,romanesque ,,aisle--,arles #ca ,,! ,,sculptur$ ,,portals ,,( ,,sa9t-,,trophime--,arles #cc ,a ,,go?ic ,,aisle--,m5de #ce ,,correspond+ ,,diff]5ces ,,9 ,,/yle--,c>cassonne #ci ,,=tifi$ ,,go?ic ,,built ,,9 ,,brick--,albi #dc ,a ,,*ur* ,,=tress--,maguelonne #de ,,/ately ,,go?ic ,,spl5d\r--,condom #dg ,,entrevaux #eb ,p ga!r ar\nd ! mail-coa* z x makes its daily halt be=e ! drawbridge4 ,,! ,,new ,,ca!dral--,m>seilles #eg ,,! ,,desecration ,,( ,,! ,,little ,,cloi/]--,frejus #fe ,,! ,,milit>y ,,om5--,,! ,,t[]--,antibes #gj ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,notre-,,dame-,,du-,,b\rg--,digne #gg ,,! ,,int]ior ,,has ,,nei!r ,,cl]e/ory ,,nor ,,tri=ium--,digne #ha ,a ,,l>ge ,,squ>e ,,t[] ,,s]v$ ,,z ,a ,,look\t--,=calqui] #hf ,a ,,sugge/ive ,,view ,,f ,,! ,,side-,,aisle--,=calqui] #hg ,,! ,,old ,,r\nd ,,ar* ,,( ,,! ,,bi%op',s ,,palace--,v5ce #ib ,,! ,,l[1 ,,broad ,,ar*es1 ,,& ,,! ,,great ,,support+ ,,pill>s--,v5ce #ic ,,high] ,,?an ,,!m ,,all ,,/&s ,,! ,,ca!dral--,grasse #ig ,,! ,,pont ,d',,avignon #ii ,,! ,,int]ior ,,has ,a ,,%all[1 ,,gracefully ,,balu/rad$ ,,balcony--,avignon #ajc ,,! ,,por*1 ,,s ,,classic ,,9 ,,detail--,,avignon #ajg ,f an old pr9t ,,notre-,,dame-,,des-,,doms--,avignon #aaa ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,philip ,,! ,,fair--,vill5euve-les-,avignon #aad ,,! ,,great ,,palace--,avignon #aai ,,on ,,! ,,banks ,,( ,a ,,pleasant ,,little ,,riv] ,,is ,,vaison #abc ,,! ,,ru9$ ,,ca/le ,,( ,,! ,,c\nts ,,( ,,t\l\se--,vaison #abe ,,! ,,:ole ,,apse-,,end--,vaison #abg ,,! ,,s\? ,,wall1 ,,:i* ,,is ,,cle>ly ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,road--,vaison #abi ,,two ,,bays ,,op5 ,,to ,,! ,,gr\nd--,vaison #aca ,,! ,,great ,,pi]s ,,& ,,small ,,firm ,,columns--,vaison #acc ,,9 ,,! ,,mid/ ,,( ,,! ,,weal? ,,( ,,antique ,,ru9s--,arles #ace ,,! ,,facade ,,( ,,sa9t-,,trophime--,arles #acg ,,"r ,,detail--,,! ,,portal--,arles #ada ,,left ,,detail--,,! ,,portal--,arles #ade ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,cloi/] ,,ar*es--,arles #adg ,a ,,nave ,,( ,,great ,,& ,,sl5d] ,,height--,arles #adi ,,! ,,beauty ,,( ,,! ,,:ole--,arles #aea ,,! ,,go?ic ,,walk--,cloi/]--,arles #aec ,,?is ,,int]ior--,entrevaux #aef ,,! ,,romanesque ,,walk--,cloi/]--,arles #aeg ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,small ,,drawbridges--,entrevaux #aei ,,! ,,portcullis--,entrevaux #afj ,a ,,=t ,,t ,,p]*es ,,on ,a ,,%>p ,,peak--,entrevaux #afa ,a ,,true ',,place ,d',,armes'--,entrevaux #afc ,,! ,,long ,,l9e ,,( ,,walls ,,t ,,zigzag ,,d[n ,,! ,,hillside--,entrevaux #afe ,,! ,,*ur* ,,t[] ,,/ood ,,out ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,rocky ,,peak--,entrevaux #afi ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,is ,,ne> ,,! ,,heavy ,,r\nd ,,t[]s ,,( ,,! ,,out] ,,ramp>ts--,si/]on #agb ,,! ,,bridge ,,across ,,! ,,durance--,si/]on #agc ,,entrances ,,to ,,two ,,n>r[ ,,/reets--,si/]on #agf ,,x ,,0 ,a ,,l[-,,vault$1 ,,sombre ,,little ,,cloi/]--,cavaillon #ahb ,,! ,,ca!dral',s ,,t[] ,,& ,,turret--,cavaillon #ahg ,,! ,,ma9 ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*--,apt #aia ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,sa9t ,,anne--,,by ,,b5zoni--,apt #aid ,,sa9t-,,m>t9-,,de-,,bromes ,,) ,,its ,,high ,,slim ,,t[] #aig ,,! ,,=tifi$ ,,mona/]y ,,( ,,! ,,templ>s--ne> ,gre\x #aii ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,notre-,,dame-,,du-,,siege--,riez #bja ,,no?+ ,,c\ld ,,be ,,m ,,qua9tly ,,old ,,& ,,mode/ ,,?an ,,! ,,bapti/]y--,riez #bjb ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,columns ,,an ,,alt> ,,has ,,be5 ,,plac$--,bapti/]y1 ,riez #bjc ,,! ,,beautiful ,,granite ,,columns--,riez #bjg ,,! ,,mail-,,coa* ,,( ,,s5ez #baa ,,! ,,op5 ,,squ>e--,s5ez #bac ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,its ,,prelates--,s5ez #bad ,,! ,,ca!dral--,s5ez #bae ,,! ,,ca!dral--,s5ez #bah ,,tape/ries ,,beautify ,,! ,,*oir-,,walls--,s5ez #bai ,,betwe5 ,,bran*es ,,full ,,( ,,apple-,,blossoms--,,! ,,*ur* ,,z ,,! ,,cure ,,saw ,,x--,s5ez #bba ,,! ,,s\? ,,aisle--,aix #bbd ,,! ,,romanesque ,,portal--,aix #bbe ,,! ,,cloi/]--,aix #bbg ,,! ,,ca!dral--,aix #bca ,,an ,,amphi!atre ,,:i* ,,rivals ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,coliseum--,nimes #bch ,,! ,,g5]al ,,effect ,,is ,,some:at ,,t ,,( ,a ,,port-,,co*]e--,montpelli] #bdd ,,! ,,f9e/ ,,view ,,is ,,t ,,( ,,! ,,apse--,montpelli] #bde ,,! ,,clock ,,t[] ,,is ,,v ,,squ>e ,,& ,,?ick--,bezi]s #bdh ,,! ,,qua9t ,,& ,,pretty ,,f\nta9--,bezi]s #bej ,,! ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,cloi/]--,n>bonne #bee ,,?is ,,is ,a ,,place ,,( ,,des]t$ ,,solitude--,n>bonne #beg ,,^! ,,fly+-,,buttresses ,,give ,,to ,,! ,,ext]ior ,,its ,,mo/ ,,curi\s ,,& ,,beautiful ,,effect--,n>bonne #bfa ,,all ,,! ,,old ,,build+s ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,are ,,( ,,spani% ,,orig9--,p]pignan #bfe ,,! ,,unf9i%$ ,,facade--,p]pignan #bfg ,,! ,,/ony ,,/reet ,,( ,,! ,,hillside--,c>cassonne #bfi ,,! ,,anci5t ,,cross--,c>cassonne #bgb ,,(t5 ,,too ,,little ,,"t ,,is ,,sp5t ,,^u ,,! ,,nave--,c>cassonne #bge ,,! ,,*oir ,,is ,,( ,,! ,,xiv ,,c5tury--,c>cassonne #bgi ,,! ,,facade1 ,,/raight ,,& ,,massive--,c>cassonne #bha ,,p]spective ,,( ,,! ,,romanesque--,c>cassonne #bhc ,,! ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,xiii ,,c5tury ,,is ,,an ,,aisle-,,less ,,*amb]1 ,,l[ ,,& ,,broadly ,,ar*$--,t\l\se #bia ,,! ,,pres5t ,,ca!dral ,,is ,a ,,comb9ation ,,( ,,/yles--,t\l\se #bid ,,li/ ,,( ,,works ,,consult$4 ,,bayet4 ,precis de l',hi/oire de l',art4 ,,bodley4 ,france4 ,,b\rg4 ,vivi]s1 ses ,monum5ts et son ,hi/oire4 ,,*oisy4 ,hi/oire de l',ar*itecture4 ,,c\gny4 ,l',art au ,moy5 ,age4 ,,cook4 ,old ,prov5ce4 ,,corroy]4 ,l',ar*itecture romane4 ,l',ar*itecture go?ique4 ,,cox4 ,! ,crusades4 ,,d>cel4 ,le ,m\vem5t ar*eologique relatif au ,moy5 ,age4 ,,de ,,lahondes4 ,l',eglise ,sa9t-,eti5ne1 ,ca!drale de ,t\l\se4 ,,demp/]4 ,m>itime ,alps4 ,,duc]e4 ,bayonne hi/orique et pittoresque4 ,,duruy4 ,hi/oire de ,france4 ,,f]ree4 ,articles on ,fr5* ,ca!drals appe>+ 9 ! ,ar*itectural ,record4 ,,g>d]e4 ,sa9t-,pi]re de ,condom et ses ,con/ructeurs4 ,,g\ld4 ,9 ,tr\bad\r ,l&4 ,,guizot4 ,hi/oire de ,france4 ,hi/oire de la ,civilisation en ,france4 ,,hallam4 ,! ,middle ,ages4 ,,h>e4 ,s\?-ea/]n ,france4 ,s\?-we/]n ,france4 ,hi/ory ( ,joanna ( ,naples1 ,que5 ( ,sicily 7publi%$ #ahbd74 ,,hunnewell4 ,hi/orical ,monum5ts ( ,france4 ,,james4 ,a ,little ,t\r ?r\gh ,france4 ,le ,moy5 ,age 7avec notice p> ,rog]-,miles74 ,,l>n$4 ,*ur*es & ,ca/les ( ,m$iaeval ,france4 ,,lass]re1 ,l',,abbe4 ,re*]*es hi/oriques sur la ,ville d',alet et son anci5 ,diocese4 ,,le*evalli] ,,*evign>d4 ,les ,/yles francais4 ,,macgibbon4 ,! ,ar*itecture ( ,prov5ce & ! ,rivi]a4 ,,m>lavagne4 ,hi/oire de la ,ca!drale de ,rodez4 ,,m>t94 ,hi/oire de ,france4 ,,masson4 ,l\is ,,ix & ! ,,xiii ,c5tury4 ,francis ,i & ! ,,xvi ,c5tury4 ,,m]imee4 ,etudes sur les ,arts au ,moy5 ,age4 ,,mi*elet4 ,hi/oire de ,france4 ,,mi*elet ,,& ,,masson4 ,m$iaevalism 9 ,france4 ,monographie de la ,ca!drale d',albi4 ,,montalemb]t4 ,les ,mo9es d',occid5t4 ,,milman4 ,hi/ory ( ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,,palu/re4 ,l',ar*itecture de la ,r5aissance4 ,,pa/or4 ,lives ( ! ,popes4 ,,p5nell4 ,play 9 ,prov5ce4 ,,qui*]at4 ,melanges d',ar*eologie au ,moy5 ,age4 ,,r5an4 ,etudes sur la ,politique religieuse du ,regne de ,philippe le ,bel4 ,,revoil4 ,ar*itecture romane du ,midi de la ,france4 ,,rosi]es4 ,hi/oire de l',ar*itecture4 ,,s*nasse4 ,ges*i*te d] bild5d5 ,ku5/e4 7,volume ,,iii1 etc47 ,,s5tetz4 ,sa9te-,m>ie d',au*4 ,,sorbets4 ,hi/oire d',aire-sur-l',ad\r4 ,,s\lie4 ,int]e/+ old novels ^: sc5es are laid 9 ! ,s\? ( ,france3-- ,le ,comte de ,t\l\se4 ,le ,vicomte de ,bezi]s4 ,le ,*ateau des ,pyr5ees1 etc4 ,,/ev5son4 ,travels ) a ,donkey 9 ! ,cev5nes4 ,,ta9e4 ,! ,anci5t ,regime4 ,j\rneys ?r\gh ,france4 ,orig9s ( ,contempor>y ,france4 ,t\r ?r\gh ! ,pyr5ees4 ',twixt ,france & ,spa94 ,,viollet-,,le-,,duc4 ,hi/oire d'une ,ca!drale et d'un ,hotel-de-,ville4 ,entreti5s sur l',ar*itecture4 ,dictionnaire raisonne de l',ar*itecture francaise du ,,xie au ,,xvie siecle4 ,! ,s\? ( ,france4 ,i4 ,,! ,,s\? ,,( ,,france4 ,if x is only by an ef=t t we appreciate ! val\r ( ,columbus 9 ! ,,xv c5tury1 8 secret d\bts1 8 tem]ity1 h[ mu* fa9t] is our conception ( ! h]oism ( ! e>ly ,m$it]ranean navigators4 ,/eam has de/roy$ = u ! awful maje/y ( di/ance1 & we c nev] realise ! imm5sity ( ?is great ,sea to ! anci5ts4 ,to ,virgil ! adv5tures ( ! pi\s ,a,eneas 7 truly h]oic4 ,! we/]n %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean 7 !n ! end ( ! e>?1 & ev5 dur+ ! fir/ c5turies ( our own era1 he :o v5tur$ outside ! ,/raits ( ,gibralt> tempt$ ei!r ,provid5ce or ! ,devil & 0 v prop]ly puni%$ by fall+ ov] ! edge ( ! e>? into ev]la/+ de/ruction4 ,:y1 asks a m$iaeval text-book ( sci5ce1 is ! sun s r$ 9 ! ev5+8 ,& ?is conv9c+ answ] foll[s1 ,because he looks d[n ^u ,hell4 ,= c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era ! ,s\? ( ,france1 ) ,spa91 lay 9 ! unkn[n we/ end ( ! ,sea4 ,along its ea/]n %ores lay civilisations ho>y ) age2 ,c>?age1 to ! ,s\?1 0 moribund2 ,greece 0 liv+ on ! pre/ige ( h] glori\s pa/2 :ile ,rome 0 becom+ all-p[]ful4 ,leg5d tells t adv5tur\s ,pho5icians & ,greeks discov]$ ! ,fr5* coa/s1 t ,nimes 0 f\nd$ by a ,tyrian ,h]cules1 & ,m>seilles1 ab\t #fjj ,b4,c41 by a ,pho5ician trad] :o m>ri$ a *ief's daught] & settl$ at ! m\? ( ! ,rhone4 ,b ^! e>ly settlem5ts 7 m]ely isolat$ t[ns1 :i* 7 n int]dep5d5t2--sc>cely m ?an trad+ po/s4 ,x 0 ,rome :o took s\!rn ,gaul unto h]self1 & aft] ,roman fa%ion1 built cities & t[ns & co-ord9at$ !m into well-regulat$ prov9ces2 & x is ) ,roman rule t ! connect$ hi/ory ( ,gaul beg9s4 ,f ! outset we meet "o basic fact1 s difficult to realise :5 ,france is consid]$ z "o c\ntry1 ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,caes> f\nd 9 ! ,s\? a p>tial ,roman civilisation ready = 8 organisation2 & old1 fl\ri%+ cities1 l ,n>bonne1 ,aix1 & ,m>seilles4 ,9 ! ,nor? he f\nd ! p advanc$ no fur!r ?an ! tribal /age1 & ,p>is--n ev5 ,p>is 9 "n--0 a collection ( mud huts1 :i*1 f its /rategic position1 he elevat$ into a camp4 ,! two foll[+ c5turies1 ! height ( ,roman dom9ion 9 ,france1 acc5tuat$ ^! diff]5ces4 ,! ,nor? 0 gov]n$ by ! ,romans1 nev] assimilat$ nor civilis$ by !m4 ,! ,s\? eag]ly absorb$ all ! culture ( ! ,imp]ial ,city2 h] religions & h] pleasures1 h] beautiful ,temples & great ,amphi!atres1 f9ally h] morals & effem9acy1 till 9 ! ,,ii c5tury ( our era1 anyone liv+ a life ( luxuri\s gaiety 0 popul>ly said to h set sail = ,m>seilles4 ,to ?is day ! ,s\? boa/s t x 0 a v "p ( ,rome1 & ,rome 0 n sl[ to recognise ! claim4 ,gallic poets celebrat$ ! glory ( ,augu/us1 a ,gaul 0 ! ma/] ( ,qu9tilian1 & ,anton9us ,pius1 al?\gh born 9 ! ,imp]ial ,city1 0 by p>5tage a native ( ,nimes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>cassonne1 ,,! ,,invuln]able4 ,n to ! rude ,nor?1 b to ?is society1 s pagan1 s pleasure-lov+1 came ! fir/ mission>ies ( ! new ,*ri/ian fai?1 to meet 9 ! ar5as ( ,gaul ! fate ( _! fell[-believ]s 9 ,rome1 to hide 9 subt]ranean caves & crypts1 to endure1 to p]si/1 & f9ally to conqu]4 ,9 ! ,,iii & ,,iv c5turies _m ( ! great ,bi%oprics 7 f\nd$1 ,avignon1 ,n>bonne1 ,lyons1 ,arles1 & ,sa9t-,paul-trois ,*ateaux among o!rs2 b ^! same ye>s br\ght political *anges :i* seem$ to ?reat5 bo? ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,roman p[] 0 wan+4 ,tribes f across ! ,rh9e 7 ga!r+1 mass+ 9 nor!rn ,gaul1 & its _s 0 antagoni/ic to ! cont5tm5t ( ! ri* ,m$it]ranean prov9ces4 ,! tribes 7 brave1 ru?less1 & b>b>\s4 ,peace 0 gall+ to _! uncontrollable re/lessness4 ,! ,gallo-,romans 7 arti/ic1 lit]>y1 idle1 & luxuri\s4 ,!y fell1 fir/ to mild] b h]etical foes2 !n to ! fi]ce b or?odox ,frank2 & ! /ory ( succe$+ ye>s 0 a *ronicle ( w>s4 ,l a great sw>m ( locu/s1 ! ,s>ac5s--conqu]ors f ,india to ,spa9--came ^u ! ,s\?4 ,!y took ,n>bonne1 ,nimes1 & ev5 ,c>cassonne1 ! ,invuln]able4 ,!y besieg$ ,t\l\se1 & almo/ de/roy$ ,bordeaux4 ,o!r cities1 p]haps z great z ^!1 7 raz$ to ! v e>? & ev5 _! names are n[ =gott54 ,europe 0 m5ac$2 ! ,s\? ( ,france 0 all b de/roy$4 ,aga9 ! ,frank desc5d$2 & l a great w9d bl[+ cl\ds f a /ormy sky1 ,*>les ,m>tel swept back ! ,arabs & sav$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,be=e #gdj1 he _h return$ a ?ird "t to ! ,s\?1 n z a deliv]]1 b = pure love ( conque/2 & by dismantl+ ,nimes1 de/roy+ ! m>itime cities ( ,maguelonne & ,agde1 & tak+ ! p[]ful /rongholds ( ,arles & ,m>seilles1 he pav$ ! way = 8 great desc5dant :o nom9ally unit$ all ,france4 ,b ,*>lemagne's empire fell 9 pieces2 & z ,c>lov+ian _h succe$$ ,m]ov+ian1 s 9 #ihg ,capetian displac$ ! weak desc5dants ( ! mighty head ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire4 ,! map *ang$ ) bewild]+ frequ5cy2 & 9 ^! *anges1 ! nobles--m /able ?an _! k+s--grew to be ! real lords ( _! sev]al doma9s4 ,hi/ory speaks ( ,france f ,clovis to ! ,revolution z a k+dom2 b ev5 lat] ?an ! ,fir/ ,crusade ! k+dom lay some:]e betwe5 ,p>is & ,lyons2 ! ,royal ,doma91 n ,france z we "k x n[4 ,! ,du*y ( ,aquita9e1 ! ,du*y ( ,brittany1 ,burgundy1 ! ,c\nties ( ,t\l\se1 ,prov5ce1 ,*ampagne1 ,norm&y1 & _m small] possessions1 7 z pr\dly sep>ate 9 _s z ,norway & ,sw$51 & (t5 z politically di/9ct z !y f ,d5m>k4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! times ( turmoil ! ,*ur* _h /eadily gr[n4 ,e *ange1 h[ev] fatal to ,nor? or ,s\?1 br\ght to h] new /r5g?4 ,confront$ ) cultur$ paganism 9 ! fir/ c5turies1 ! blood ( h] m>tyrs made truly fruitful se$ = h] victories2 & lat]1 fac+ paganism ( ano!r1 wild] race1 %e triumph$ m peacefully 9 ! "o supreme conv]sion ( ,clovis2 & ! devotion & int]e/ :i* f t day grew betwe5 ,*ur* & ,k+1 gradually made h] ! greate/ p[] ( ! c\ntry4 ,aft] ! decl9e ( ,roman culture ! ,*ur* 0 ! "o intellectual1 almo/ peaceful1 & totally irresi/ible =ce4 ,! great lords scorn$ le>n+4 ,an ,abbot1 qua9tly voic+ ! ,*ur*'s belief1 said t e lett] writ on pap] is a sword ?ru/ 9 ! devil's side4 ,:5 !re 0 cessation ( w>1 ! occupation ( m51 f ,clovis' "t ?r\gh\t ,m$iaevalism1 0 gone4 ,!y c\ld n read2 !y c\ld n write2 ! joy ( hunt+ 01 9 "t1 exhau/$4 ,!y 7 re/less1 lo/4 ,! ju/ice met$ out by ! great lords 01 too (t51 ! "r ( might4 ,b at ! ,c\ncil ( ,orleans1 9 #eaa1 a *ur* 0 decl>$ an inviolable refuge1 :]e ! weak %\ld be safe until _! case c\ld be calmly & righte\sly judg$4 ,! b5efic5t c>e ( ! ,*ur* _c be ov]e/imat$4 ,betwe5 #ejj & #gjj %e _h eighty-?ree c\ncils 9 ,gaul1 & sc>cely "o b br\ght a re=m1--a real amelioration ( h>d%ips4 ,some?+ ( ! g5]al organisation ( h] great p[] 9 ^? rude times des]ves m ?an ! usual inve/igation4 ,ev5 9 its small place 9 ! ,ca!drals & ,cloi/]s ( ! ,s\? ( ,france1 x is an int]e/+ bit ( ,*ur* politics & psy*ology4 ,! ecclesia/ical tradition ( ,france goes back to ! v fir/ ye>s ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,laz>us1 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 ,m>?a1 & ,m>y ! ,"m ( ,james1 are only a few ( ^? intimately connect$ ) ,*ri/ ,himself1 :o are believ$ to h come into ,gaul2 & 9 _! ef=ts to sy/ematically & surely e/abli% ,*ri/ianity1 to h f\nd$ ! fir/ ,fr5* ,bi%oprics4 ,?is is tradition4 ,b ev5 ! hi/ory ( ! ,,ii c5tury tells ( a v5]able1 m>tyr$ ,bi%op ( ,lyons1 a disciple ( t ,polyc>p :o knew ,sa9t ,john2 & 9 ! ,,iii c5tury ,gaul add$ no less ?an f\rte5 to ! ,sees %e already _h4 ,en?usia/ic tradition aside1 x is evid5t t ! mission>y ard\r ( ! ,gallic prie/s 0 int5se2 & ! glory ( _! e>ly victories belongs entirely to a bran* ( ! ,*ur* kn[n z ! ,secul> ,cl]gy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,an ,,e>ly ,,m>itime ,,ca!dral4--,,agde4 ,! o!r great bran*1 ! ,religi\s ,ord]s1 7 ( lat] in/itution4 ,f ! ori5tal des]ts ( ! ,!baid1 :]e ,sa9t ,an?ony _h e>ly practis$ ! au/]ities ( monki% life1 ,sa9t ,m>t9 drew 8 inspiration = ! mona/icism ( ! ,we/4 ,b x 0 n until ! la/ ( ! ,,iv c5tury t he f\nd$1 ne> ,poiti]s1 ! fir/ great mona/]y 9 ,france4 ,! success ( ?is =m ( pi\s life1 if n altoge!r edify+1 0 imm$iate4 ,devotional excesses 7 less common 9 ! temp]ate climate ( ,france ?an "u ! excit+ ori5tal sun1 yet t mo/ biz>re ( ,ea/]n fanatics1 ! ,pill> ,sa9t1 _h at lea/ "o disciple 9 ,gaul4 ,he--! good ,bro!r ,wulfaili*--began ! life ( sanctity by climb+ a column ne> ,treves1 & prep>$ himself to /& on x1 b>efoot$1 ?r\gh w9t] & summ]1 till1 presumably1 angels %\ld be> him triumphantly to heav54 ,b ! ,we/ is n ! ,ea/4 ,& ! good ,bi%ops ( ! neighb\rhood drew (f1 in/ead ( wait+ at ! pill>1 z an exalt$ emp]or _h humbly /ood b5ea? t ( ,sa9t ,simeon ,/ylites4 ,f> f be+ awe-/ruck1 !y 7 sc&alis$2 & !y =c$ ,wulfaili* to desc5d f 8 em95ce1 & de/roy$ x4 ,?is is "o ( ! fir/ ,gallic in/ances ( ! antagonisms betwe5 ! secul> & ! regul> bran*es ( ! rev]5d cl]gy4 ,)9 ! ,fr5* ,*ur* f e>ly times1 ^! two great =ces 7 array$1 m>*+ t[>d ! same great end1--b nev] m>*+ toge!r4 ,x is claim$ !y 71 & are1 inimical4 ,9 !ory1 9 ideal1 no?+ c\ld be fur!r f tru?4 ,!y 7 9 fact sometimes unfri5dly2 & m (t5 ?an n mutually suspici\s4 ,= ! great ,abbot inevitably liv$ 9 a ,bi%op's ,see2 & ) human temp]s b5ea? _! *ur*ly g>b1 ,abbot & ,bi%op c\ld n always agree4 ,n[ ! ,bi%op 0 "l ( ! cl]gy1 supreme 9 8 diocese2 b %\ld he call to acc\nt ! l[e/ fri> ( any mona/]y1 my ,"l ,abbot repli$ t he 0 answ]able only to ! ,pope1 & retir$ to 8 vexati\s imp]ium 9 imp]io4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! ,,vi c5tury saw mu* t 0 irregul> 9 mona/ic life4 ,! :ole c\ntry 0 ei!r 9 a /ate ( w> or ( unre/ful expectation ( w>4 ,_m ,abbeys 7 yet to be e/abli%$2 _m m]ely 9 process ( f\ndation4 ,w&]+ bro!rs 7 naturally beset by ! dang]s & temptations ( an unsettl$ life2 & if hi/ory may be believ$1 fell into _m irregul>ities & ev5 %am$ _! clo? by lic5ti\sness4 ,into ?is disord] came ! great & holy ,b5$ict1 ! le>n$ly ignorant1 ! wisely unle>n$1 ! true organis] ( ,we/]n ,mona*ism4 ,"u 8 wise ,rules ! ,abbey ( ! ,,vi c5tury 0 trans=m$4 ,x became n only a place ( pray] & m$itation1 b a refuge aga9/ b>b>ism 9 all its =ms4 ,& ?is home ( books & k _h dep>tm5ts ( all k9ds1 & its dep5d5cies =m$ :at we w\ld call to-day a 'model f>m4' ,!re 7 to be f\nd examples ( activity & indu/ry = ! workman1 ! common till] ( ! soil1 or ! l&-own] himself4 ,x 0 a s*ool1 cont9ues ,?i]ry1 n ( religion1 b ( practical k2 & :5 x is consid]$ t !re 7 two hundr$ & ?irty-eight ( su* s*ools 9 ,clovis' day1 ! p[] ( ! ,ord]s1 ?\gh late 9 com+1 w be se5 to h gr[n z great z t ( ! ,bi%ops4 ,f ^! two bran*es sprang all t is greate/ 9 ! ecclesia/ical ar*itecture ( ,france4 ,z _! /r5g? grew1 _! respective *ur*es 7 built1 & to-day1 z a sign ( _! dual p[]1 we h ! ,abbey & ! ,ca!dral4 ,! ,bi%op's *ur* _h its prototype 9 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian meet+ places 9 ,rome & 0 plann$ f two basic ideas1--! "p ( ! ,roman h\se :i* 0 devot$ to e>ly ,*ri/ian s]vice1 & ! gr[+ exig5cies ( ! ritual itself4 ,at ! v fir/ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 conv]ts met 9 any room1 b ^! little gr\ps s soon grew to communities t a l>g] place 0 ne$$ & ! basilica ( ! h\se became ! g5]al & accept$ place ( wor%ip4 ,! basilica 0 compos$ ( a long hall1 sometimes gall]i$1 & a hemicycle2 & its g5]al outl9e 0 t ( a lett] ,t4 ,into ?is purely secul> build+1 ,*ri/ian c]emonials 7 introduc$4 ,! hemicycle became ! apse2 ! gall]y1 a cl]e/ory2 ! hall1 a c5tral nave4 ,"h ! p>aph]nalia ( ! new ,*ur* 7 in/all$4 ,! alt> /ood 9 ! apse2 & betwe5 x & ! nave1 on ei!r side1 a pulpit or read+-desk 0 plac$4 ,bi%op & prie/s sat ar\nd ! alt>1 ! p 9 ! nave4 ,?is disposition ( cl]gy1 p1 & ! furniture ( ! sacr$ (fice is ess5tially t ( ! ,ca!dral ( to-day4 ,!re 7 h[ev] _m amplifications ( ! fir/ type4 ,! basilica =m1 ,t1 0 enl>g$ to t ( a cross2 & increas+ly beautiful ar*itectural =ms 7 evolv$4 ,among ! fir/ 0 ! t[] ( ! e>ly ,italian *ur*es4 ,?is s+le t[] 0 d\bl$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,romanesque1 (t5 multipli$ aga9 by ,go?ic build]s1 & 9 ,byzant9e *ur*es1 increas$ to sev5 & ev5 n9e domes4 ,transepts 7 add$1 & z1 "o by "o1 ! arts came to ! k ( ! ,middle ,ages & ! ,r5aissance1 ea* 0 press$ into ! s]vice ( ! ,ca!dral build]s4 ,! int]ior became s beautiful ) c>v+s1 w9d[s ( m>vell\sly pa9t$ glass1 ri* tape/ries & frescoes1 t ! ritual seem$ ye>ly m impressive & awe-inspir+4 ,! old1 squat ext]ior ( e>ly days 0 =gott5 9 new height & maje/y1 & ! ,ca!dral became ! dom9ant build+ ( ! city4 ,al?\gh ! c\ntry 0 e>ly *ri/ianis$1 & on ! map ( ,m]ov+ian ,france ne>ly all ! pres5t ,ca!dral cities ( ! ,m$it]ranean 7 seats ( ,bi%oprics1 we _c n[ see all ! successive /eps ( ! *ur* ar*itecture ( ! ,s\?4 ,! ma9 era ( ! build+s :i* h come d[n to u1 is ! ,,xi-,,xiv c5turies4 ,( e>li] types & /ages little is kn[n1 little rema9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,e>li] ,,/yle4--,,arles4 ,9 g5]al1 ,gallic *ur*es are suppos$ to h be5 basilican1 ) all ! pov]ty ( ! old] /yle4 ,*>lemagne's ar*itects1 ) ,san ,vitale 9 m9d1 gave a slight impetus 9 ! f>-away *apel at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 & ,gregory ( ,t\rs tells u t ,bi%op ,p]petuus built a glori\s *ur* at ,t\rs4 ,b 8 description is meagre4 ,aft] a few ma!matical details1 he returns to ?+s clos] to 8 he>t1--! ,*ur*'s atmosph]e ( hol9ess1 ! emblematic radiance ( ! c&le's light1 ! ec/asy ( wor%ipp]s :o seem$ to brea! ! air ( ,p>adise4 ,& ,sa9t ,gregory's is ! religi\s1 uncritical _s ( 8 day1 ^: int]e/ 0 9 ecclesia/ical e/abli%m5t r ?an ecclesia/ical ar*itecture4 ,*ur*es !re 7 9 numb]s2 b !y 7 n ar*itectural a*ievem5ts4 ,_! build+ 0 l ! plant+ ( ! flag2 !y 7 new outpo/s1 signs ( an advance ( ! ,fai?4 ,) ?is mission>y _s 9 ! ,*ur*1 ) prie/s /ill engag$ 9 *ri/ianis+ & monks 9 e/abli%+ !mselves on _! doma9s1 ) a v g5]al ignorance ( art1 ) ! absorb+ int]e/ ( ! p[]ful & great 9 w>f>e1 & ! v great /ruggle among ! poor = exi/5ce1 ar*itecture be=e ! ,x c5tury _h few /ud5ts or protectors4 ,france _h nei!r suffici5t political peace nor ecclesia/ical weal? = elaborate *ur* /ructures4 ,no head1 ei!r ( ,*ur* or ,/ate1 _h ta/e & "t en\gh to inaugurate su* works4 ,_m causes h comb9$ to de/roy su* *ur*es z !n exi/$4 ,if !y escap$ ! ras+s & fires ( a siege1 !y 7 (t5 de/roy$ by lightn+1 or decay$ by ye>s2 & "s ( ! fragm5ts :i* endur$ to ! ,,xiii c5tury 7 torn d[n to make room = m beautiful build+s4 ,x 0 ! ,,xi & ,,xii c5turies :i* saw ! important beg9n+s ( ! great ,ca!drals ( bo? ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,^! 7 ! ye>s :5 religion 0 ! dom9ant idea ( ! we/]n _w1--:5 ev]y?+1 ev5 w>f>e1 0 press$ into its s]vice4 ,in/ead ( deva/at+ _! own & _! neighb\r's c\ntry1 ,*ri/ian armies 7 deva/at+ ! ,holy ,l&2 do+ to ! ,infidel 9 ! "n ( _! religion :at he1 9 ! "n ( 81 _h =m]ly done to !m4 ,! capture ( ,j]usalem _h triumphantly end$ ! ,fir/ ,crusade2 ! ,*ur* 0 ev]y:]e victori\s1 & ! ,pope 9 actual fact ! mightie/ mon>* ( ! e>?4 ,^! 7 ! days :5 ,pet] ! ,h]mit's cry1 ,god wills x1 ar\s$ ! _w1 & ar\s$ x to ! mo/ div]se accompli%m5ts4 ,"o =m ( ?is activity 0 *ur* build+2 b !re 7 o!r causes ?an religion = ! g5]al magnific5ce ( ! ef=t4 ,among ^! 0 communal pride1 ! int]e/+1 half-=gott5 motive ( mu* t is great 9 m$iaeval build+4 ,! ,m$iaevalism ( ! old writ]s seems an endless pageant1 9 :i* indef9itely gorge\s armies m>* up ! hill & !n m>* d[n aga92 9 new] hi/ories ?is has disappe>$ 9 ! long /ruggle ( "o class ) ano!r2 & 9 nei!r d we rea* ! individual1 nor see ! daily life ( ! p :o are ! backbone ( a nation4 ,yet ^! are ! p we mu/ "k if we are to h a "r conception ( ! ,ca!dral's place 9 ! liv+ int]e/ ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,= ! ,bi%op's *ur* 0 9 e s5se a popul> *ur*4 ,! ,abbey 0 built prim>ily = its monks1 & ! ,abbey-*ur* = _! m$itation & wor%ip4 ,! ,fr5* ,ca!dral 0 ! p's1 x 0 built by _! money1 n money f an ,abbey-c(f]4 ,x did n /&1 z ! ,ca!dral ( ,engl&1 maje/ic & ap>t1 9 a s*ol>ly close2 x 0 9 ! op5 squ>e ( ! city2 m>kets & fairs 7 held ab\t x2 ! doors to its calm & re/ op5$ directly on ! busie/1 e-day bu/le4 ,x is n a m]e ar*itectural relic1 z its build+ 0 nev] a m]e ar*itectural feat4 ,x is ! symbol ( a pa/ /age ( life1 a maje/ic "p ( ! picture we conjure be=e our m9d's eye1 :5 we consid] ,m$iaevalism4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,lat] ,,/yle4--,,rodez4 ,su* a picture ( a city ( ano!r c\ntry & ( ! late ,middle ,ages exi/s 9 ! drama ( ,ri*>d ,wagn]'s ,mei/]s+]2 & 8 ,nuremb]g ( ! ,,xvi c5tury1 ) *anges ( local col\r1 is ! type ( all m$iaeval t[ns4 ,g5]al travel 0 unkn[n4 ,! activity ( ! great roads 0 ! m>* ( armies1 ! rov+ ( m>aud]s1 ! j\rneys ( v5turesome m]*ants or well-arm$ knights4 ,n only roads1 b ev5 /reets 7 unsafe at night2 & aft] ! sun _h set he :o _h gone ab\t freely & c>elessly dur+ ! day1 rema9$ at home or v5tur$ out ) mu* caution4 ,:5 armies camp$ ab\t h] walls1 ! city 0 d\btless mu* occupi$ ) outside happ5+s4 ,b :5 ! camp broke up & w> 0 f> away1 h] %oemak] made 8 %oes1 h] goldsmi?1 f9e *a9s & tr9kets1 h] m]*ants trad$ 9 ! m>ket-place4 ,_! int]e/s 7 9 /reet brawls1 romanc+s1 new privileges1 ! "w or ! fea/ ( ! day--9 a ^w t[n-topics4 ,yet be+ z o!r m51 ! burgh]s also 7 awak5$ by ! en]gy ( ! age1 & in/ead ( wa/+ x 9 adv5tures & w>s1 _! int]e/ took ! =m ( an int5se local pride1 n>r[1 b ) elem5ts ( gr&eur1 seldom selfi%1 b civic4 ,?is abs5ce ( ! p]sonal elem5t is n[h]e bett] illu/rat$ ?an 9 ,ca!dral build+4 ,( all ! really great m5 :o plann$ ! ,ca!drals ( ,france1 almo/ no?+ is kn[n2 & by se>*+1 little c be f\nd out4 ,:o c give a dead date1 mu* less a liv+ fact1 conc]n+ ! life ( t ,g]vais :o conceiv$ ! great ,go?ic height ( ,n>bonne8 ,:o c tell ev5 ! "n ( him :o plann$ ! sombre1 battlem5t$ walls ( ,agde1 or ( t great man :o fir/ saw 9 poetic vision ! delicate *oir ( ,sa9t-,nazaire 9 ,c>cassonne8 ,arti/s h a well-pres]v$ p]sonality1--ca!dral-build]s1 none4 ,rob]t ( ,luz>*es :o conceiv$ ! ,p>!non ( all ,go?ic ar*itecture1 & ! man :o plann$ /ately ,s5s & ! ri*ness ( ,cant]bury1 are z unkn[n to u z ! qu>ries f :i* ! /ones ( _! ,ca!drals 7 cut4 ,x is n ! ,ca!dral built by ,rob]t ( ,luz>*es belong+ to ,ami5s1 z x is ! ,assumption by ,rub5s belong+ to ,antw]p4 ,x is sc>cely ! ,ca!dral ( its patron1 ,sa9t ,firm94 ,x is ! ,ca!dral ( ,ami5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,delicate ,,*oir ,,( ,,sa9t-,,nazaire4--,,c>cassonne4 ,we he> _m le>n$ disquisitions on ! decay ( ! art ( *ur* build+4 ,lack ( "t 9 our ru%+ age1 lack ( pati5ce1 decl9e ( religi\s zeal1 or *ange 9 belief1 ^! are "s ( ! popul> reasons = ?is ar*itectural deg5]acy4 ,/range z x may seem none ( ^! h _h s p[]ful an influ5ce z ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,! fir/ pr9t+-press 0 made 9 ! middle ( ! ,,xv c5tury1--aft] ! conception ( ! great ,ca!drals4 ,9 an e>li] age1 :5 ! greate/ c\ld nei!r read nor write & manuscripts ev5 9 mona/]ies 7 r>e1 sculpture & c>v+ 7 ! layman's books1 & ,ca!drals 7 n only places ( wor%ip1 !y 7 ! p's religi\s libr>ies :]e lit]ature 0 cut 9 /one4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 ! mo/ unique =m ( ?is lit]ature 0 ! drama ( ! ,breton ,calv>ies1 :i* portray$ "o subject & "o only1--! ,life & ,passion ( ,*ri/1 tak5 f ,prophecy1 ,tradition1 & ! ,gospels4 ,ca!drals1 bo? ,nor? & ,s\?1 us$ ! n>rative =m4 ,!y told /ory aft] /ory2 & _! mak]s %[$ an intimate k ( ,biblical lore t w\ld d cr$it to ! mo/ ard5t !ological /ud5t4 ,at ,nimes1 by no means ! ri*e/ *ur* 9 c>v+s1 !re are besides ! ,la/ ,judgm5t & ! rew>d ( ! ,evil & ! ,righte\s1--:i* ev5 a sup]ficial ,*ri/ian %\ld "k1--_m ( ! /ories ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis4 ,at ,arles1 !re is ! ,dream ( ,jacob1 ! ,dream ( ,joseph1 ! ,annunciation1 ! ,nativity1 ,purification1 ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 ! ,flight into ,egypt2 almo/ a ,bible 9 /one4 ,9 ^! days ( books & ha/e few w\ld take ! tr\ble to /udy su* sculptur$ tales4 ,b _! importance to ! unlett]$ p ( ! ,middle ,ages _c be ov]e/imat$2 & ! inc5tive to magnific5ce ( arti/ic conception 0 correspond+ly great4 ,! ma9 era ( ,ca!dral build+ is ! same all ov] ,france4 ,b ) ! g5]al date1 all arbitr>y p>allel betwe5 ,nor? & ,s\? abruptly ends4 ,! ,nor? began ! evolution ( ! ,go?ic1 a new =m indig5\s to its soil2 ! ,s\? cont9u$ ! ,romanesque1 h] evolution ( a transplant$ /yle1 & long knew no o!r4 ,%e _h gr[n accu/om$ to give nor?w>d1--n to receive2 & x 0 ! reign ( ,sa9t ,l\is be=e %e began to assimilate ! ar*itectural ideas ( ! ,isle de ,france & to build 9 ! ,go?ic /yle1 x 0 admiration = ! new] ideals :i* l$ ! build]s ( ! ,s\? to *ange su* ( _! plans z 7 n already c>ri$ out1 & to try ) ^! =eign & beautiful additions1 to give to _! *ur*es ! mo/ p]fect =m !y c\ld conceive4 ,& ?us1 f a web ( ,fate1 9 :i*1 z 9 all de/9ies1 is ! sp9n+ ( _m ?reads1 came ! ,ca!drals & ,cloi/]s ( ! ,s\?4 ,are !y great] ?an ^? ( ! ,nor?8 ,are !y inf]ior to !m8 ,x is be/ said1 ,comp>ison is idle4 ,:o %all decide betwe5 ! fir-trees & ! olives--betwe5 ! beautiful ord] ( a nor!rn =e/ & ! /range1 a/\nd+ luxuriance ( ! s\!rn tangle8 ,:i* is ! bett] *oice--! well-told tale ( ! ,ca!drals ( ! ,nor?1 ) _! procession ( k+ly visitors1 or ! almo/ untold /ory ( ! ,ca!drals ( ! ,s\?1 :]e hi/ory is /ill leg5d1 tradition1 romance--! /ory ( fanatic f]v\r & /ill m fanatic hate8 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,cloi/] ,,( ,,! ,,s\?4--,,elne4 ,,ii4 ,,ar*itecture ,,9 ,,prov5ce1 ,,langu$oc1 ,,& ,,gascony4 ,no bett] place c be f\nd ?an ! ,m$it]ranean prov9ces to consid] ! orig9s ( ! e>lie/ s\!rn /yle4 ,"h ,romanesque ,ca!drals arose 9 ! mid/ ( ! va/ ru9s ( ,imp]ial antiquity1 "h !y develop$ /range simil>ities to =eign /yles1 domes sugge/+ ! ,ea/1 ,greek motives recall+ ,byzantium1 & details rem9isc5t ( ,syria4 ,& "h is ! battle-field = t great army :o decry or :o def5d ,roman influ5ces4 ,"s w\ld h u believe t ! ,romanesque dome is expatriat$ f ! ,ea/2 o!rs1 t x is naturalis$2 o!rs1 t x is native4 ,! plan ( ! ,romanesque dome diff]s v mu* f t ( ! ,byzant9e1 yet ! g5]al conception seems ,ea/]n4 ,if conceivable 9 ! ,ori5tal m9d1 :y n 9 t ( ! ,we/8 ,& yet1 9 spite ( "s native peculi>ities ( /ructure1 :y %\ld n ! g5]al idea h be5 import$8 ,:o %all decide8 ,9 a book su* z ?is1 moot$ que/ions :i* involve su* multitud9\s detail & su* unprovable argum5t _c be discuss$4 ,x is unreasonable to d\bt1 h[ev]1 t ,roman influ5ces dom9at$ ! ,s\?1 h]self a product ( ,roman civilisation2 & z 9 ! curi\s in]adicable t5d5cy ( ! ,s\? t[>d h]esy we m ?an suspect a subtle infiltration ( ,greek & ,ori5tal p]v]sions1 s 9 ar*itecture x is logical to inf] t ,m$it]ranean trad]s1 ,crusad]s1 & p]haps adv5tur\s ar*itects :o may h travell$ 9 _! wake1 br\ght rum\rs ( ! build+s ( ! ,ea/1 :i* 7 adopt$ ) orig9al or necess>y modifications4 ,viollet-le-,duc1 9 summ+ up ?is mu* discuss$ "q1 has writt5 t 9 ! ,romanesque art ( ! ,we/1 side by side ) p]si/5t ,lat9 traditions1 a ,byzant9e influ5ce is almo/ always f\nd1 evid5c$ by ! introduction ( ! cupola4 ,9 ! lam5table abs5ce ( records ( ! majority ( ,ca!drals1 reason+s ( orig9 mu/ be inductive1 & m or less imag9ative1 & h no legitimate place 9 ! scope ( a book :i* aims to describe ! exi/+ conditions & prov5 hi/ory ( s\!rn ,ca!drals4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,romanesque ,,aisle4--,,arles4 ,qui*]at1 :o has _h mu* to say ^u ar*itectural subjects1 def9es ! ,romanesque z an art :i* has ceas$ to be ,roman1 al?\gh x has mu* t is ,roman1 & t is n yet ,go?ic1 al?\gh x already presages ! ,go?ic4 ,?is is n a v helpful int]pretation4 ,romanesque1 z x exi/s 9 ,france to-day1 is g5]ally ( e>li] build+ ?an ! ,go?ic2 x is an old] & f> simpl] /yle4 ,x 0 n a quick1 brilliant outbur/1 l ! ,go?ic1 b a long & sl[ evolution2 & x has !re=e delib]ation & dignity1 n ! spontaneity ( nor!rn creations2 /r5g?1 & at times great vig\r1 b n munific5ce1 n ! lavi%ness ( art & weal? & adornm5t1 ( :i* ! y\ng] /yle 0 prodigal4 ,few g5]alisations are flawless1 b x may be truly said t ,romanesque ,ca!drals are lack+ 9 spl5d\r2 & x w be f\nd 9 a l>ge majority ( cases t !y are also )\t ! impressiv5ess ( great size2 t !y are almo/ devoid ( %apely w9d[s or /a9$ glass1 ( notable c>v+s or ri*ness ( decorative detail4 ,_! art is a simple art1 a sob] art1 & 9 its ne>e/ approa* to opul5ce--! sculptur$ portals ( ,sa9t-,trophime ( ,arles or ,sa9t-,gilles-de-,langu$oc--!re is /ill a res]v$ r ?an an exub]ant & uncontroll$ display ( weal?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sculptur$ ,,portals ,,( ,,sa9t-,,trophime4--,,arles4 ,by :at simple1 sup]ficial sign c ?is ar*itecture be recognis$ by ^? :o are to see x = ! fir/ "t8 ,x exi/s ev]y:]e & always 9 s\!rn ,france2 b1 side by side ) ! encroa*m5ts & additions ( o!r /yles1 h[ c x be easily di/+ui%$8 ,qui*]at writes t ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ic ( ! ,romanesque is la v\te1 & ! great1 r\nd$ tunnel ( ! ro(+ is a di/9ction :i* w be f\nd 9 no o!r =m4 ,b ! easie/ ( sup]ficial di/9ctions is ! ar*-%ape1 :i* 9 portal1 w9d[1 vault+ or tympanum is r\nd2 :]ev] ! arcad$ =m is us$1--always r\nd4 ,) ?is sugge/ion ( outl9e1 & ! univ]sal pr9ciples ( ! /yle1 simplicity & dignity & abs5ce ( great ornam5tation1 ! unte*nical travell] may di/+ui% ! ,romanesque ( ! ,s\?1 & if he be ak9 to ! travell] :o tells ^! ,ca!dral tales1 ! int]e/ & fasc9ation :i* ! old ar*itecture awakes1 w lead him to discov] = himself ! _m diff]5ces :i* are evid5t betwe5 ! ascetic /r5g? ( ! "o1 & ! spl5d\r & brilliance ( ! o!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,prov5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,go?ic ,,aisle4--,,m5de4 ,! ?ree prov9ces :i* compose ! ,s\? ( ,france are ,prov5ce1 ,langu$oc1 & ,gascony1 & ( ^! ,prov5ce is1 ar*itecturally & hi/orically1 ! fir/ to claim our int]e/4 ,dur+ ! era ( colonisation x 0 ! mo/ ?or\ghly romanis$1 & 9 ! e>ly c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity ! fir/ to fall completely "u ! sy/ematic organisation ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x has a l>ge gr\p ( v old ,ca!drals1 & is ! be/ /udy-gr\nd = a g5]al scrut9y & appreciation ( t /yle :i* ! build]s ( ! ,s\? assimilat$ & develop$ until1 z x 71 !y naturalis$ x & made x "o ( ! two greate/ =ms ( ar*itectural expression4 ,prov5ce does n conta9 ! mo/ impressive examples ( ,romanesque4 ,two ,abbeys ( ! f> ,norman ,nor? are m f9i%$ & h>moni\s repres5tations ( ! art1 & ,langu$oc1 9 ! basilica ( ,sa9t-,s]n9 ( ,t\l\se1 has a nobl] int]ior ?an any 9 ! ,midi1 & _m o!r *ur*es ( ,langu$oc & ,gascony are mo/ int]e/+ examples ( a /yle :i* belong$ to !m z truly z to ,prov5ce4 ,yet x is 9 ?is prov9ce t ! ,romanesque is be/ /udi$4 ,= "h ! great int]nec9e /ruggles--bo? political & religi\s--( ! ,middle ,ages 7 n z deva/at+ z 9 ,langu$oc & ,gascony2 ,prov5ce 0 a sunny l&1 :]e ,sonnets fl\ri%$ m luxuriantly ?an did ,holy ,inquisition4 ,h] *ur*es h !re=e be5 pres]v$ 9 _! orig9al =m 9 great] numb]s ?an ^? ( ! two o!r prov9ces4 ,!y are ( all types ( ,romanesque1 all /ages ( its gr[?1 f ! small & simple ,ca!drals :i* 7 built :5 ecclesia/ical ex*equ]s 7 n ov]fl[+1 to ! great] ones :i* illu/rate v advanc$ & dignifi$ phases ( ar*itectural developm5t2 & z a :ole !y exhibit ! normal proportion ( failure & success 9 an ef=t t[>d an ideal4 ,sid5ote3 ,langu$oc4 ,leon ,r5i]1 ! le>n$ lectur] ( ! ,college de ,france1 says3 ,x is rem>kable t ! *anges1 ! elaborations1 ! modifications ( ! ar*itecture giv5 by ,rome to all c\ntries "u h] dom9ation 7 conceiv$ 9 ! prov9ces long be=e !y 7 reproduc$ 9 ,italy4 ,rome gave no long]2 %e receiv$ 444 a transfusion ( a new blood1 m vital & m ri*4 ,9 ,langu$oc1 ! great] numb] ( monum5ts ( ?is anci5t ar*itecture h be5 de/roy$2 & ^? ( _! outgr[?1 ! lat] ,romanesque1 7 s repeat$ly mutilat$ t ! ,ca!drals ( ?is prov9ce pres5t ev5 a great] confusion ( orig9alities1 re/orations1 & additions ?an ^? ( ,prov5ce4 ,to a multitude ( dates mu/ be add$ correspond+ diff]5ces 9 /yle4 ,ea* s*ool ( ar*itecture naturally consid]$ t x _h some:at ( a monopoly ( good ta/e & beauty1 or at lea/ t x 0 an improvem5t on ! mann] :i* prec$$ x2 & x w\ld h be5 too mu* to expect1 9 ages :5 ana*ronisms 7 unrecognis$1 t *ur*es %\ld h be5 re/or$ 9 _! consonant1 orig9al /yle4 ,ar*itects ( ! ,go?ic p]iod 7 unable to resi/ ! temptation ( cont9u+ a ,romanesque nave ) a *oir ( _! own s*ool1 & build]s ( ! ,,xviii c5tury w5t /ill fur!r & add$ a %[y ,l\is ,,xv facade to a mode/ ,romanesque ,ca!dral4 ,"s *ur*es1 built 9 times ( religi\s /orm & /ress1 %[ ! preoccupation ( _! patrons or ! lack ( tal5t ( _! con/ructors2 o!rs belong to ,bi%oprics t 7 mu* m lately con/itut$ ?an ! ,sees ( ,prov5ce1 & 9 ^! cases ! new prelate *ose a *ur* already begun or complet$1 & compromis$ ) ! dem&s ( episcopal pomp by an addition1 usually ( diff]5t /yle4 ,! num]\s *anges1 political & religi\s1 ( ! ,m$iaevalism ( ,langu$oc1 _h su* consid]able & div]se influ5ce on ! ar*itecture ( ! prov9ce t x is n possible1 z 9 ,prov5ce1 to trace an un9t]rupt$ evolution ( "o /yle4 ,! ,langu$ocian is g5]ally a lat] build] ?an ! ,prov5cal2 he is bold]4 ,hav+ ! ,romanesque & ! ,go?ic z *oice1 he *ose at w & seem+ly at r&om4 ,he _h spontaneity1 en?usiasm1 v]ve2 & :5 no accept$ model pleas$ 8 ta/e1 he re-creat$ aft] 8 own lik+4 ,langu$oc has !re=e a delightful quality t is want+ 9 ,prov5ce2 & 9 h] great] ,ca!drals !re is (t5 an orig9ality t is due to g5ius r ?an to ecc5tricity4 ,!re is delicate ,go?ic at ,c>cassonne1 l(ty ,go?ic at ,n>bonne1 ,sa9te-,cecile ( ,albi is =tifi$ ,go?ic built 9 brick4 ,! int]ior ( ,sa9t-,s]n9 ( ,t\l\se is an apo!osis ( ! au/]e ,romanesque1 & ,sa9t-,eti5ne ( ,agde is a gratify+ type ( ! ,m>itime ,*ur* ( ! ,midi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,correspond+ ,,diff]5ces ,,9 ,,/yle4--,,c>cassonne4 ,?is ,ca!dral ( ! ,sea is a fitt+ example ( a peculi> type ( ar*itecture :i* exi/s also 9 ,prov5ce1--a succession ( =tress-*ur*es t ext5d along ! ,m$it]ranean f ,spa9 to ,italy l ! peaks ( a m\nta9 *a94 ,no?+ c bett] illu/rate ! cont9u\s w>r+s & raid+s 9 ! ,s\? ( ,france ?an ^! /range *ur*es1 & _! _m =tifi$ c\nt]p>ts inl&1 9 bo? ,langu$oc & ,gascony4 ,ca/les & wall$ t[ns 7 n suffici5t to protect ! ,s\!rn] f invasions & incursions2 8 *ur*es & ,ca!drals1 ev5 to ! ,,xiv c5tury1 7 /rongholds1 m suitable = m5-at-arms ?an = prie/s1 & seem+ly d$icat$ to "s w>-god r ?an to ! g5tle ,virg9 ,"m & ! ,m>tyr-,sa9ts "u ^: protection !y nom9ally dwelt4 ,al?\gh mo/ int]e/+1 ! milit>y *ur* ( ! int]ior is seldom ! ,bi%op's *ur*4 ,! m>itime *ur* on ! contr>y is ne>ly always a ,ca!dral1 ) /rangely curi\s leg5ds & episodes4 ,! ,fr5* coa/ ( ! ,m$it]ranean 0 ! sc5e ( cont9u\s pillage4 ,huns1 ,normans1 ,moors1 ,s>ac5s1 unkn[n pirates & free-boot]s ( all nationalities f\nd x v lucrative & conv5i5t to desc5d on a sea-bo>d t[n1 & escape z !y _h come1 easily1 _! boats load$ ) booty4 ,z late z ! ,,xii c5tury1 writes ,b>r ,f]ree1 buccane]s ga9$ a livelihood by prey+ on ! peaceful & un(f5d+ inhabitants ( ! villages & cities4 ,! ,ca!drals1 z ! mo/ important build+s & ! mo/ conspicu\s1 7 /rongly =tifi$1 bo? to protect _! cont5ts & to s]ve z /rongholds = ! citiz5s 9 case ( ne$4 ,9 ^! *ur*es1 !re=e1 ar*itecture assum$ its mo/ utilit>ian =m & build+s are real =tifications1 ) battlem5t$ walls1 /rong & heavy t[]s1 & small w9d[s1 & are provid$ ) ! o!r devices ( ,romanesque ar*itecture ( a purely milit>y type4 ,illu/ration3 ,,=tifi$ ,,go?ic ,,built ,,9 ,,brick4--,,albi4 ,"t has dealt h>dly ) !m4 ,! k+ly p[]1 be+ entr5*$ 9 ,p>is1 develop$ f ! ,isle de ,france4 ,! weal? t once enri*$ ! f]tile l&s ( ! ,s\? mov$ nor?w>ds1 & ! great comm]cial cities ( ! ,nor? became ! mo/ important c5tres ( activity4 ,!n ! s\!rn t[ns began to decl9e1 & ! build+s :i* rema9 to repres5t mo/ p]fectly ! ,*ur*-,=tress are n ^? ( ,prov5ce1 :i* are pat*$ & re/or$1 b ^? ( ,langu$oc1 ,agde1 & ,maguelonne1 & ,elne ( ! ne>-by c\ntry ( ,r\sillon4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,*ur* ,,=tress4--,,maguelonne4 ,sid5ote3 ,gascony4 ,gascony1 ! la/ ( ! s\!rn prov9ces & ! f>!/ f ,rome1 _h great prosp]ity "u ,imp]ial dom9ion4 ,_m patricians emigrat$ !re1 roads 7 built1 comm]ce fl\ri%$1 & z 9 ,prov5ce & ,langu$oc1 t[ns grew into l>ge & well-e/abli%$ cities4 ,*ri/ianity made a comp>atively e>ly conque/ ( ! prov9ce2 & at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,,iv c5tury1 elev5 suffragan ,bi%oprics _h be5 e/abli%$ "u ! ,ar*bi%opric ( ,eauze4 ,gascony has _m old ,ca!dral cities1 & has _h _m anci5t ,ca!drals2 b aft] ! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire 9 ! ,v c5tury1 a s]ies ( w>s began :i* de/roy$ n only ! ,*ri/ian ar*itecture1 b almo/ e trace ( ,roman weal? & culture4 ,little t[]s rema91 suppos$ %r9es ( ,m]cury1 protector ( comm]ce & travel2 pieces ( /atues are f\nd2 b ! ,temples1 ! ,amphi!atres1 ! ,=ums1 h disappe>$1 & ev5 m completely1 ! rude ,*ri/ian *ur*es ( t e>ly p]iod4 ,al?\gh ! prov9ce has no ,m$it]ranean coa/ & c\ld n be mole/$ by ! m>aud]s ( t busy sea1 x lay directly ^u ! r\te ( armies betwe5 ,france & ,spa92 & x is no gasconad+ to say t x 0 = c5turies "o ( ! greate/ battle-fields ( ! ,s\?4 ,v&als1 ,visigo?s1 ,franks1 ,s>ac5s1 ,normans1--,gascons aga9/ ,c>lov+ians1 ,nor? aga9/ ,s\?1 all _h burn$1 raid$1 & de/roy$ ,gascony be=e ! ,,xi c5tury4 ,x is n surpris+1 !n1 t !re are f\nd few] traces ( antiquity "h ?an 9 ,prov5ce & ,langu$oc4 ,ev5 ! few names ( decimat$ cities :i* surviv$1 designat$ t[ns on new sites4 ,eauze1 =m]ly on ! ,gelise1 lay long 9 ru9s1 & 0 f9ally re-built a kilometre inl&4 ,lect\re & ,au* _h long s9ce retir$ f ! riv] ,g]s & tak5 refuge on ! hills ( _! pres5t situations1 :ile o!r cities fell into complete ru9 & =getfulness4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ately ,,go?ic ,,spl5d\r4--,,condom4 ,! ye> #ajjj1 :i* foll[$ ^! ev5ts1 0 t ( ! pr$ict$ & expect$ end ( ! _w4 ,! extravagances ( ,*ri/ians at t "t are well kn[n1 ! gifts ( all prop]ty t 7 made to ! ,*ur*1 ! ab&onm5t ( worldly pursuits1 ! t]rors ( _m1 ! anxiety ( ! calme/1 ! emotional excesses :i* l$ p to live 9 trees t !y might be ne> to heav5 :5 ! great trump %\ld s\nd1--,mundi f9e approp9quante4 ,b ! trumpet did n s\nd1 & ,ra\l ,glab]1 a monk ( ! ,,xi c5tury1 writes t all ov] ,italy & ! ,gaul ( 8 day !re 0 great ha/e to re/ore & re-build *ur*es1 a g5]al rivalry betwe5 t[ns & betwe5 c\ntries1 z to :i* c\ld build mo/ rem>kably4 ,?is activity1 says ,qui*]at1 may %[ a desire to r5ew alliance ) ! ,creator4 ,x c]ta9ly proves t ! g5]ation ( ! ye> #ajjj _h fre% & new ar*itectural ideas4 ,?is 0 ! p]iod ( recup]ation & re-build+ = ,gascony4 ,! monks ( ! ,,viii1 ,,ix1 & ,x c5turies _h devot$ !mselves ) zeal & success to ! cultivation ( ! soil4 ,!y _h acquir$ f]tile fields1 & desir+ peace1 !y _h plac$ !mselves 9 positions :]e _! /r5g? w\ld def5d !m :5 _! holy call+ 0 n respect$4 ,^! mona/]ies 7 places ( refuge & soon gave _! "n & _! protection to ! t[ns & villages :i* began to clu/] ab\t !m4 ,except ! decl9+ settlem5ts ( ,roman days1 ,gascony _h few t[ns 9 ! ,x c5tury2 & _m ( h] mo/ important cities ( to-day owe _! f\ndation1 _! exi/5ce1 & _! prosp]ity to ^! ,b5$ict9e mona/]ies4 ,eauze rega9$ its life aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( a conv5t1 & 9 ! ,,xi1 ,,xii1 & ,,xiii c5turies1 ! ,abbots ( ,citeaux1 ,bi%ops1 & ev5 lords ( ! laity1 occupi$ !mselves 9 ! creation ( new cities4 ,_m ( ! t[ns ( m$iaeval creation possess$ broad municipal & comm]cial privileges1 !y grew to ! importance ( communes & ,bi%oprics1 & "s ev5 /yl$ !mselves ,republics4 ,al?\gh ^! 7 times ( mu* re-build+1 re/or+1 & c>ry+ out ( old] plans ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture1 ! ,,xi & ,,xii c5turies 7 none ! less fill$ ) innum]able private w>s1 & 9 #aafg began ! bloody & p]si/5t /ruggle ) ,engl&4 ,! city ( ,aire 0 at "o "t r$uc$ to twelve inhabitants1 & ! horrors ( ! m$iaeval siege 7 m ?an once repeat$4 ,9 ^! w>s1 ,ca!drals1 z well z t[ns & _! inhabitants1 7 sc>r$ & w\nd$4 ,h>dly _h ^! diss5sions end$ 9 #adid1 :5 ! ,w>s ( ,religion comm5c$ "u ,*>les ,,ix1 & ,gascony 0 aga9 "o ( ! mo/ t]rible fields ( battle4 ,"h ! demoniac en?usiasm ( bo? sides exce$$ ev5 ! t]rible exhibitions ( ,langu$oc4 ,! royal family ( ,nav>re 0 op5ly ,prote/ant & contribut$ m ?an any o!rs to ! milit>y organisations ( _! ,fai?4 ,jeanne d',albret1 9 #aeff1 wi%+ to repay intol]ance ) intol]ance1 =bade religi\s processions & *ur* fun]als 9 ,nav>re4 ,! p rose1 & ! next ye> ! ,que5 0 =c$ to grant tol]ation to bo? religions4 ,lat] ! ,k+ ( ,france ent]$ ! field & s5t an army aga9/ ! ,be>naise ,hugu5ots1 ,jeanne1 9 reprisal1 call$ to h] aid ,montmor5cy2 & ) a ?or\ghness born ( pi\s zeal & hatr$1 ea* army began to burn & kill4 ,all mona/]ies1 all *ur*es1 7 loot$ by ! ,prote/ants2 all cities tak5 by ,montluc1 head ( ! ,ca?olics1 7 sack$4 ,t>bes 0 deva/at$ by ! "o1 ,rabe/ans by ! o!r1 & ! ,ca!dral ( ,pami]s 0 ru9$4 ,) ! ,massacre ( ,sa9t ,b>?olomew1 9 #aegb1 ! /ruggle began aga91 & ! ,league fl\ri%$ 9 all its malign en?usiasm4 ,su* disord] z 0 introduc$1 says a writ] ( ! p]iod1 su* pillage1 has nev] be5 se5 s9ce w> began4 ,(fic]s1 soldi]s1 foll[]s1 & volunte]s 7 s ov]burd5$ ) booty z to be incommod$ !reby4 ,& aft] ?is brig&age1 ! peasants h]eab\ts ,bigorre ab&on$ _! v f>ms f lack ( cattle1 & ! great] numb] w5t into ,spa94 ,dur+ long c5turies ( su* religi\s & political deva/ation ! ar*itectural en]gy ( ,gascony 0 exp5d$ 9 replac+ *ur*es :i* _h be5 de/roy$1 & 7 aga9 to be de/roy$ or injur$4 ,x w\ld be unfair to expect ( ?is prov9ce ! great magnific5ce :i* its brave1 *e]ful1 & extravagant little p believe x once possess$1 or to look1 amid su* unre/1 = ! calm gr[? ( any ar*itectural /yle4 ,x is a c\ntry ( few ,ca!drals1 ( curi\s *ur*es built = w> & pray]1 & ( su* occasional outbur/s ( magnific5ce z is se5 9 ! ,romanesque portal ( ,sa9t-,pi]re ( ,moissac & 9 ! /ately ,go?ic spl5d\r ( ! ,ca!drals at ,condom & at ,bayonne4 ,x is a c\ntry :]e ,ca!drals are surr\nd$ by ! mo/ beautiful ( l&scapes1 & :]e ea* has "s leg5d or /ory ( ! ,engli%1 ! ,league1 ( ! ,black ,pr9ce1 or ! ,lion-he>t$1 ( ,h5ry ,,iv1 /ill ador$1 or ( ,simon de ,mont=t1 /ill execrat$1 :]e ! t[ns are truly hi/oric & ! m\nta9s truly gr&4 ,prov5ce4 ,i4 ,,! ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,! ,,sea4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>seilles4 ,p]haps a ,pho5ician settlem5t1 c]ta9ly a ,c>?ag9ian m>t1 lat] a ,grecian city1 & 9 ! f9al ye>s ( ! pagan era possess$ by ! ,romans1 no city ( ,france has _h m div]se influ5ces ( antique civilisation ?an ,m>seilles1 none respond$ m pr\dly to its anci5t opportunities2 & n only 0 x comm]cially weal?y & r5[n$1 b s ri* 9 s*ools t x 0 call$ ano!r1 a new ,a!ns4 ,x 0 also ! port ( an adv5tur\s p1 :o f\nd$ ,nice1 ,antibes1 la ,ciotat1 & ,agde1 & explor$ a "p ( ,africa & ,nor!rn ,europe2 & at ! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire x became1 by v virtue ( its ri*es & safe h>b\r1 ! envy & ! prey ( a succession ( b>b>ic & infidel invad]s4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages x _h all ! vicissitudes ( w>s & sieges to :i* a great city c\ld be subject$4 ,x _h a ,visc\nt1 & f v e>ly days1 a ,bi%op2 x 0 at "o "t "p ( ! ,k+dom ( ,arles2 & lat] x recognis$ ! suz]a9ty ( ! ,c\nts ( ,prov5ce4 ,:5 ^! lords 7 w>r+ or crusad+1 x took advantage ( _! abs5ce or _! tr\bles & gov]n$ itself ?r\gh its ,consuls2 became a ,prov5cal ,republic aft] ! type ( ! ,italian cities & o!r t[ns ( ! ,m$it]ranean c\ntry2 treat$ ) ! ,italian ,republics on t]ms ( p]fect equality2 & al?\gh f9ally annex$ to ,france by ! wily ,l\is ( ! ,madonnas1 its p 7 cont9ually haunt$ by memories ( _! =m] indep5d5ce1 & n only /ruggl$ = municipal rights & lib]ties1 b took sides = or aga9/ ! mo/ p[]ful mon>*s ( cont95tal hi/ory z if !y _h be5 a res\rceful c\ntry r ?an a city4 ,x succor$ ! ,league1 defi$ ,h5ry ,,iv & ,ri*elieu2 & treat+ ,k+s 9 tr\ble z cavali]ly z decl9+ ,c\nts1 ,m>seilles tri$ at ! dea? ( ,h5ry ,,iii to sec$e f ,france & recov] its autonomy "u a ,consul1 ,*>les de ,cazaulx4 ,promptly defeat$1 x /ill cont9u$ to ?9k indep5d5tly1 & /ruggle1 z be/ x might1 = fre$om ( adm9i/ration2 & al?\gh f ! "t ( ,pompey to t ( ,l\is ,,xiv x has _h an in]adicable t5d5cy to /& aga9/ ! gov]nm5t1 x has surviv$ ! results ( all its contumacies1 its plagues1 w>s1 & sieges1 & ! de/ructiv5ess ( its phase ( ! ,revolution1 :5 x _h a ,t]ror ( its own4 ,not)/&+ mod]n rivals 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,m>seilles is to-day "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ prosp]\s ( ,fr5* cities4 ,built 9 amphi!atre ar\nd ! bay1 x is beautiful 9 g5]al view1 its /reets bu/le ) comm]cial activity1 & its va/ docks sw>m ) workm54 ,! /orms ( ! pa/ h gone ov] ,m>seilles z ! /orms ( nature ov] its sea1 h be5 z passionate1 & h left z little trace4 ,in/ead ( ,temples1 ,=um1 & ,ar5a1 !re are ! ,palais de ,long*amps1 ! ,palais de ,ju/ice1 & ! ,*ri/ian ,ar* ( ,triumph4 ,in/ead ( ! muddy & unheal?y alley-ways ( ,m$iaevalism1 !re are broad /reets & wide b\lev>ds1 & 9 spite ( its antiquity ,m>seilles is a city ( to-day1 9 monum5ts1 aspect1 _s1 & ev5 9 class di/9ction4 ,"h1 writes ,edmond ,ab\t1 are only two categories ( p1 ^? :o h made a =tune & ^? :o are try+ to make "o1 & ! pr9cipal inhabitants are p>v5us 9 ! mo/ hon\rable s5se ( ! ^w4 ,illu/ration3 ,entrevaux4 ,p ga!r ar\nd ! mail-coa* z x makes its daily halt be=e ! drawbridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,new ,,ca!dral4--,,m>seilles4 ,9 ! mo/ hon\rable s5se ( ! ^w1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,m>seilles is also typical ( ! city1 p>v5ue4 ,its fir/ /one 0 plac$ by ,pr9ce ,l\is ,napoleon 9 #aheb1 & z ! mod]n has ov]gr[n ! classic & m$iaeval greatness ( ,m>seilles1 s ! new ,majeure has eclips$1 if x has n yet entirely replac$1 ! old ,ca!dral2 & except ! /]n ,abbey-*ur* ( ,sa9t-,victor1 an almo/ solit>y relic ( true m$iaeval greatness1 x is ! f9e/ *ur* ( ! city4 ,! new ,ca!dral & ! old /& side by side2 ! "o /rong & :ole1 ! o!r p>tly torn d[n1 sc>r$ & maim$ z a vet]an :o has surviv$ _m w>s4 ,ev5 9 its ru91 x is an int]e/+ type ( ! m>itime ,prov5cal *ur*1 b s pitiably ov]%ad[$ by its successor t ! *>m ( its situation is q lo/1 & few w l+] to /udy its ?ree small naves1 ! defac$ fresco ( ! dome1 or ev5 ! little *apel ( ,sa9t-,laz>e1 all :ite m>ble & c>v+ & small /atues1 sc>cely m ?an a %all[ ni*e 9 ! wall1 b da9tily proportion$1 & a *>m+ creation ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,few] /ill ( ^? :o pause to /udy :at rema9s ( ! old ,majeure1 w /ay to recon/ruct x z x us$ to be1 & realise t x _h its day ( glory no less real ?an t ( ! new *ur* :i* replaces x4 ,9 its /ead1 ,sa9t-,m>t9's1 & ,sa9t-,cannat's sometimes call$ ! ,prea*]s1 h be5 tempor>ily us$ = ! ,bi%op's s]vices4 ,b n[ t ! great] *ur*1 ! ,assumption ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 has be5 practically complet$1 x has assum$1 once & = all1 ! great] rank1 & a ,ca!dral ( ,m>seilles /ill /&s on its t]race 9 full view ( ! sea4 ,tradition has x t a ,temple ( ,baal once /ood on ?is site & lat]1 a ,temple to ,diana2 t ,laz>us came 9 ! ,i c5tury1 conv]t$ ! pagan ,m>seillais & built a ,*ri/ian ,ca!dral "h4 ,a m critical tradition says t ,sa9t ,victor fir/ came z mission>y1 ,bi%op1 & build]4 ,all ^! vague memories ( conv]sion1 m or less accurate1 all ! leg5ds ( an humble & /ruggl+ ,*ri/ianity1 seem buri$ by ?is huge mod]n mass4 ,x is n a *ur* /ruggl+ & militant1 b ! ,*ur* ,e/abli%$ & ,triumphant4 ,x is a va/ build+ ov] f\r hundr$ & fifty feet long1 prec$$ by two dom$ t[]s4 ,its transepts are surm\nt$ at ! cross+ by a huge dome ^: circumf]5ce is ne>ly two hundr$ feet1 a small] "o ov] ea* transept arm1 & o!rs above ! apsidal *apels4 ,! ext]ior is built ) alt]nate lay]s ( gre5 ,flor5t9e /one & ! :ite /one ( ,fontvieille2 & ! /yle ( ! *ur*1 v>i\sly call$ ,fr5* ,romanesque1 ,byzant9e1 & ,neo-,byzant9e1 is v ori5tal 9 its g5]al effect4 ,an arcade betwe5 ! two t[]s =ms a por*1 ! entrance to ! int]ior ^: c5tral nave /ret*es out 9 great spaci\sness4 ,! lat]al naves1 9 contra/1 are exce$+ly n>r[ & h high gall]ies support$ by l>ge monoli?ic columns4 ,^! naves are prolong$ into an ambulatory1 ea* ( ^: *apels1 9 consonance ) ! ,ca!dral's colossal proportions1 is z l>ge z _m a *ur*4 ,! build+ /one ( ! int]ior is grey & p9k1 ) :ite m>ble us$ decoratively = capitals & bases2 & ^! comb9ations ( t9ts :i* w\ld seem almo/ too delicate1 too effem9ate1 = s l>ge a build+1 are made ri* & effective by _! v mass1 ! gigantic sizes :i* ! plan exacts4 ,all t arti/ic conception c\ld produce has be5 add$ to complete an int]ior t is entirely ori5tal 9 its luxury ( ornam5tation1 half-ori5tal 9 /yle1 & )\t t sob] maje/y :i* is an inh]5t *>act]i/ic ( ! mo/ elaborate /yles native to ,we/]n ,*ri/ianity4 ,"u ! gild$ dome is a ri* baldaqu9$ ,high ,alt>1 & ?r\gh ! :ole *ur* !re is a magnific5ce ( mosaics1 ( mural pa9t+s1 & ( /a9$ glass t is sumptu\s4 ,mosaics l9e ! ar*es ( ! nave & ! p5d5tives1 & =m ! floor+2 & 9 ! mid/ ( ?is ri*ness ( col\r ! grey pill>s rise1 "o aft] ! o!r 9 long1 %ad[y p]spective1 l ! trees ( a /ately grove4 ,9 plann+ ?is new ,prov5cal ,ca!dral its ar*itects did n attempt to reproduce1 ei!r exactly or 9 great] p]fection1 any m>itime type :i* its situation on ! ,m$it]ranean might h sugge/$1 nor 7 !y inspir$ by any ( ! models ( ! native /yle2 & p]haps1 to ! capti\s m9d1 its mo/ s]i\s defect is t its build+ has de/roy$ n only an actual portion ( ! old ,majeure1 b an hi/oric int]e/ :i* might well h be5 pres]v$ by a wise re/oration or an h>moni\s re-build+4 ,& yet1 ) ! l>ge ,palace ( ! ,ar*bi%op on ! ,port de la ,joliette ne>-by1 ! /atue ( a devot$ & lov+ ,bi%op 9 ! op5 squ>e1 & ! maje/ic ,ca!dral ( ,sa9te-,m>ie-,majeure itself1 ! episcopacy ( ,m>seilles has all ! outw>d & visible signs ( /r5g? & glory & p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,t\lon4 ,t\lon1 al?\gh a f\ndation ( ! ,romans1 owes its rank to-day to ,h5ry ,,iv1 to ,ri*elieu1 & to ,l\is ,,xiv's busy ar*itect1 ,vauban4 ,x is ! ,gibralt> ( ,france1 a bright1 bu/l+1 mod]n city4 ,sa9te-,m>ie-,majeure1 "o ( its olde/ ecclesia/ical names1 is a title :i* belong$ to *ur*es ( bo? ! ,,xi & ,,xii c5turies2 b 9 ! feats ( ar*itectural gymna/ics to :i* _! rema9s h be5 subject$1 & 9 ! w>s & vicissitudes ( ,prov5ce1 ^! build+s h long s9ce disappe>$4 ,a few /ones /ill exi/ ( ! ,,xi c5tury /ructure1 void ( =m or ar*itectural significance1 & ! anci5t "n ( ,sa9te-,m>ie-,majeure n[ protects a ,ca!dral built 9 ! mo/ depress+ /yle ( ! indu/ri\s ,phili/9es ( ! ,,xvii & ,,xviii c5turies4 ,x is n a ,prov5cal nor a truly m>itime *ur*1 x is n a =tress nor a def5ce1 nor a "w ( any ar*itectural beauty4 ,x has blatancy1 size1 pret5sion1--a pr(usion ( ri* incongruities2 & al?\gh religi\sly int]e/+ f its *apels & %r9es1 x is ar*itecturally obtrusive & mon/r\s4 ,! vag>ies ( ! ar*itects :o began 9 #afcd to con/ruct ! pres5t edifice1 are well illu/rat$ 9 ! *anges ( plan to :i* !y subject$ ?is un=tunate *ur*4 ,! l5g? became ! bread?1 ! isolat$ *apel ( ! ,virg91 "p ( ! ma9 build+2 ! *oir1 ano!r *apel2 & ! ,high ,alt> 0 remov$ f ! ea/]n to ! nor!rn end1 :]e a new *oir _h be5 built = its reception4 ,?is confusion ( plan 0 c>ri$ out ) logical confusion ( /yle & detail4 ,! facade has ,cor9?ian columns ( ! ,,xvii c5tury2 ! nave is said to be transition ,go?ic1 ! *oir is decorat$ ) mural pa9t+s1 & ! ,high ,alt>1 a "w ( ,revoil1 adds to ! banalities ( ! ,,xvii & ,,xviii c5turies a ri* incongruity ( :i* ! ,,xix has no reason to be pr\d4 ,! :ole int]ior is s full ( naves ( unequal l5g?1 & radiat+ *apels1 ( ar*es ( diff]+ =ms1 ta/es1 & /yles1 t x defies concise description & is unwor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation4 ,prov5ce has mode/ ,ca!drals ( small ar*itectural significance1 b except ,sa9te-,rep>ate ( ,nice1 x has none s *aotic & commonplace z ,sa9te-,m>ie-,majeure ( ,t\lon4 ,sid5ote3 ,frejus4 ,frejus1 :i* claims to be ! olde/ city 9 ,france1 0 "o ( ! num]\s trad+ ports ( ! ,pho5ician1 & lat]1 dur+ ! p]iod ( h] civic gr&eur1 an ars5al ( ! ,roman navy4 ,h] mo/ int]e/+ ru9s are ! ,coliseum1 ! ,!atre1 ! old ,citadel1 & ! ,aqu$uct1 sugge/ions ( a really great city ( ! long-gone pa/4 ,frejus lo/ pre/ige ) ! decad5ce ( ! ,empire1 & aft] a de/ruction by ! ,s>ac5s 9 ! ,x c5tury1 ,nature gave ! bl[ :i* f9ally cru%$ h] :5 ! sea retreat$ a mile1 & h] old ,roman light-h\se 0 left to ov]look m]ely a long /ret* ( b>r51 s&y l&4 ,ow+ to ?is /r&$1 inl& position1 %e has escap$ bo? ! dignity ( a mod]n sea-port & ! pro/itution ( a ,rivi]an resort1 & is a little dead city1 ! seat ( an anci5t ,prov5cal ,ca!dral ( ! ,sea4 ,?is ,ca!dral is l>gely free f ,,xvii & ,,xviii c5tury disfigurem5ts2 & ! pity is t hav+ escap$ ?is1 a ,fr5* *ur*'s imm95t p]il1 x %\ld h become s built ar\nd t ! "* ( ! ext]ior is almo/ lo/4 ,! facade is sev]ely pla91 an un9t]e/+ re-build+ ( #ahbc1 b ! c>v$ wood ( its portals is beautiful4 ,! t[]s1 z 9 o!r m>itime ,ca!drals ( ,prov5ce1 recall ! p]ils & dang]s ( _! days2 & ^! t[]s ( ,frejus1 al?\gh none ! less practically def5sive1 h a m *ur*ly appe>ance ?an ^? ( ,antibes1 ,grasse1 & ,v5ce4 ,ov] ! ve/ibul$ entrance rises ! we/]n t[]4 ,its heavy1 rectangul> base is ! support ( a sup]-/ructure :i* 0 replac$ 9 ! ,,xvi c5tury by "o m 9 keep+ ) conv5tional ecclesia/ical models4 ,!n ! w9d[s ( ! base1 ^: r\nd$ ar*es are /ill traceable1 7 wall$ 92 & ! new octagonal /age ) high w9d[s ( its own 0 complet$ by a tile-cov]$ spire4 ,! m int]e/+ t[] is t :i* surm\nts ! apse4 ,?is 0 ! look\t1 fac+ ! sea1 ! really vital def5ce ( ! *ur*4 ,its upp] room 0 a /orage place = arms & ammunition1 & on ! side :i* faces ! city 0 op51 ) a broad1 po9t$ ar*4 ,above1 ! t[] ends 9 ma*iolat$ battlem5ts & pres5ts a v /rong & /]n front seaw>d1 p]haps no /rong]1 b m arti/ic & grim ?an t[]s ( o!r ,prov5cal ,ca!drals4 ,! entrance ( ! *ur* is curi\sly complicat$4 ,to ! left is ! little bapti/]y2 directly be=e "o1 a n>r[ /airway :i* leads to ! ,cloi/]2 & on ! "r1 a l[-ar*$ ve/ibule :i* op5s into ! nave ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,! int]ior ( ,sa9t-,eti5ne is d>k & some:at gloomy1 b t is an inh]5t trait ( a =tress-*ur*1 = e add$ in* ( w9d[-op5+ br\ght an ell ( dang]4 ,! nave is unusually l[ & broad1 & its buttress$ pi]s are ( imm5se weight1 end+ sev]ely 9 a pla91 m\ld$ b&4 ,on ^! great pi]s re/ ! cross-vaults ( ! ro( & ! broad ar*es ( ! wall4 ,! nor? aisle1 disproportionately n>r[1 is a lat] addition4 ,beh9d ! alt> is a true ,prov5cal apse1 %all[ & rectangul>1 & beyond its r\nd$ ro( op5s ! small] half-dome4 ,ar*itecturally1 ?is is an int]e/+ int]ior2 b ! travell] :o has n "t to sp5d 9 mus+s w fail to see x 9 its orig9al int5tion2--cold1 sev]ely pla91 heavy1 ) p]haps too _m ar*-l9es1 b sob] & simple4 ,a futile wood5 wa9scot n[ surr\nds ! *ur* & breaks its wall space1 lib]al coats ( :itewa% conceal ! build+ mat]ial1 & tak+ f ! *ur* ! sev]ity ( its /one1 give x an appe>ance ( poor deprecatory b>5ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,desecration ,,( ,,! ,,little ,,cloi/]4--,,frejus4 ,ne> ! entrance ( ! ,ca!dral is its mo/ anci5t portion1 ! bapti/]y1 =m]ly a build+ ap>t1 b n[ an integral "p ( ! *ur* itself4 ,x is p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ,*ri/ian monum5t 9 ,frejus1 a rem9d] ( ^? e>ly c5turies :51 9 ,france z 9 ,italy1 ! little bapti/]y 0 ! popul> =m ( ,*ri/ian ar*itectural expression4 ,"h x has ! v usual octagonal %ape2 ! ar*es are upheld by grayi% columns ( granite ) capitals ( :ite m>ble1 & 9 ! c5tre /&s ! font4 ,betwe5 ! columns are small recesses1 alt]nately rectangul> & semi-dom$1 & above all1 is a mod]n dome & lant]n4 ,/ructurally int]e/+1 & rem9isc5t ( ! /ately bapti/]y ( ,aix1 ! effect ( ?is little *amb]1 l ! *ur*'s int]ior1 is m>r$ by ! :itewa%es f ^: indu/ri\s bru%es no?+ b ! grayi% columns h escap$4 ,& "h aga91 ! travell] :o w\ld see ! build]s' "w1 free f ! disfigurem5ts ( "t1 mu/ pause & imag9e4 ,yet ev5 imag9ation seems p[]less be=e ! desecration ( ! little ,cloi/]4 ,*>m+ x mu/ h be5 to h ent]$ its quiet walks1 ) _! sl5d] columns ( :ite m>ble1 to h se5 ! qua9t old well 9 ! little1 sun-lit close4 ,n[1 betwe5 ! sl5d] columns1 bo>ds h be5 plac$ :i* %ut out light & sun4 ,! travell] sat d[n on an old :eel-b>r[1 wait+ till he c\ld see 9 ! dim & mi/y light4 ,all ar\nd him 0 =getfulness ( ! ,cloi/]'s holy uses2 signs ( desecration & neglect4 ,"o end ( ! cloi/]-walk 0 a ?or\ghf>e1 :]e ! :eel-b>r[ _h worn its we>y way2 & ev5 9 ! des]t$ corn]s !re 0 ! du/ & dirt ( a "w-a-day _w4 ,! beautiful little capitals ( ! sl5d] columns rose f among ! bo>ds1 clipp$ & worn2 above1 he dimly saw ! curi\s wood5 ceil+ :i* w\ld seem to h tak5 ! place ( ! usual /one vault+2 ?r\gh *9ks ( ! plank-wall he caught glimpses ( a little close2 & at l5g?1 hav+ se5 ! mo/ melan*oly ( ,ca!drals ( ! ,sea1 9 its disguise ( :itewa%1 decay1 & misuse1 he w5t 8 way4 ,sid5ote3 ,antibes4 ,t "p ( ! s\!rn coa/ ( ,france call$ ! ,rivi]a seems n[ only to evoke visions ( ! mo/ beautiful banality2 ( a life m artificial ?an ! /age--:i* at lea/ aims to pres5t reality--transplant$ to a sc5e ( su* incomp>able lovel9ess t ,nature h]self adds a new & exquisite sumptu\sness to ! luxury ( civilisation4 ,! ,rivi]a means a l& ( _m follies & e vice2--ea* folly s delici\s1 ea* vice s regal1 !y seem to be s\ght & desir$ ( all m54 ,:]e else c be se5 9 su* c>eless magnific5ce ,dukes ( ,russia ) _! poli% ( mann] & _! veil$ insol5ce2 ,engli%m5 correct & blase2 ,am]icans a bit vocif]\s & truly amus$2 great ladies ( all ages & mann]s2 adv5tur]s high & l[2 & ! beautiful1 sp>kl+ wom5 ( no "n1 bravely dress$ & b>b>\sly jewell$8 ,su* is ! ,rivi]a ( to-day2 ! life impos$ ^u x by hordes ( =eign idl]s 9 a l& ^: w>m? & luxuriance may h l5t itself b too easily to ! vici\s & frivol\s pleasures = :i* !y h made x notori\s1 b a l& :i* has no native hi/ory t is effem9ate1 nor any s unwor?y z its exotic pres5t4 ,! ,rivi]a may be ,nice1 ,beaulieu1 & _! l1 b ! ,prov5cal ,m$it]ranean & its neighb\r+ t]ritory h be5 ! fa!rl& ( w>riors 9 real mail & ( pr9ces ( real p[]1 ( ! ,emp]or ,p]t9ax ( pagan times1 ( ^? :o f\ght successfully aga9/ ,mahm\d & ,t]gam5t1 & ( _m ,knights ( ,malta1 long ! ,=lorn ,hope ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,discreetly hidd5 f vulg> eyes t delight 9 ! ar*itecture ( ! mod]n c>avans]ai1 are ! ru9s ( ^! old] days--,amphi!atres1 ,f\nta9s1 ,temples1 & ,aqu$ucts ( ! ,romans2 ! ,ca/les1 ,abbeys1 & ,ca!drals ( m$iaeval times4 ,"h are ! l>g] numb]1 if n ! mo/ int]e/+1 ( ^? curi\s *ur*es ( ! sea1 :i* protect$ ! ,fr5* t[nsman ( ! ,m$it]ranean coa/ f ! rapacity ( sea-rov]s & pirates1 & _m m or?odox enemies ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,f ! great beauty ( its situation1 ! small city ( ,antibes is at once a type ( ! old regime & ( ! new4 ,ly+ on ! sea1 ) a backgr\nd ( sn[-capp$ m\nta9s1 x has n entirely escap$ ! fate ( ,nice2 nei!r has x yet lo/ all its old ,prov5cal *>act]i/ics4 ,x is a pa!tic compromise betwe5 ! qua9t reality ( ! old & ! blatancy ( ! new4 ,! little p>i% *ur* is ( ! v f> pa/1 hav+ lo/ its ,ca!dral rank ov] six hundr$ ye>s ago to ,sa9te-,m>ie 9 ,grasse1 a t[n sc>cely y\ng] ?an its own4 ,x is ! type ( ! *ur* ( ?is coa/1 ) its unpret5ti\s smallness1 its /r5g?1 & its disfigur+ re/orations2 & x is1 especially 9 comp>ison ) ,v5ce & ,grasse1 ( small ar*itectural int]e/4 ,! facade1 & ! d\ble ar*way :i* connects ! *ur* & ! t[]1 are ( ! un=tunate ,,xviii c5tury1 ! old] ext]ior is monoton\s1 & ! int]ior1 an unpleas+ confusion ( =ms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,milit>y ,,om5--,,! ,,t[]4 ,,antibes4 ,! real int]e/ ( ! little ,ca!dral is its anci5t milit>y /r5g?1 nei!r v gr& nor v impos+1 b v real to ! enemy :o hundr$s ( ye>s ago hurl$ himself aga9/ ! h>d1 pla9 /ones4 ,f ?is view-po9t1 ! mann]$ facade & ! inh>moni\s int]ior matt] b little4 ,t[>d ! foe1 ^: sail might h aris5 on ! horizon at any mom5t1 ! protect+ *ur* pres5t$ ! heavy r\nd$ walls & safely n>r[$ w9d[s ( its ?ree apses1 & beh9d !m ! milit>y om5 ( ! sev]e1 rectangul> t[]4 ,high 9 e "o ( its f\r sides1 seaw>d & l&w>d1 0 a w9d[1 f :i* _m a wat*] mu/ h look$ & /ra9$ anxi\s eyes4 ,?is is ! significance ( ! little sea-side ,ca!dral1 ?is ! /ory its t[] sugge/s4 ,& n[ :5 ! sea is sail$ by peaceful %ips1 & ! ,ca!dral only a place ( pi\s wor%ip1 ! t[] ) its gap+ w9d[s is ! only sali5t rem9d] ( ! anci5t dignity ( ! *ur*2 ! rem9d] to an indiff]5t g5]ation ( ! days :5 ,antibes fulfill$ to ,*ri/ians ! promise ( h] old1 pagan "n1 ,antipolis1 s5t9el ( ! p]il\s sea4 ,sid5ote3 ,nice4 ,! situation ( its ,ca!dral reveals a ,nice ( :i* b little is writt51 ! city ( a p :o live 9 ! s]vice ( ^? ^: %[y1 new villas & hotels /ret* along ! prom5ades & lie dott$ on ! hills 9 ! ,nice ( all ! _w4 ,besides ?is exotic city1 !re is ! ,nice ( ! ,nicois1 a small di/rict ( d>k1 cr[d$ /reets t are too full ( ! sordid /ruggles ( compet+ "w-p to be truly picturesque4 ,"h1 9 ! ,,xvi c5tury1 :5 ! ,citadel ( ,nice 0 enl>g$ & ! ,ca!dral ( ,sa9te-,m>ie-de-l',assomption de/roy$1 ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9te-,rep>ate 0 re-built1 & succe$$ to ! episcopal rank4 ,/&+ on a little op5 squ>e1 surr\nd$ by small %ops & ! poor homes ( trades-folk1 x seems 9 e s5se a *ur* ( ! p4 ,"h ! native ,nicois1 gay1 indu/ri\s1 m]curial1 & dispossess$ ( 8 t[n1 may feel truly at home4 ,f9i%$ 9 ! mo/ exub]ant rococo /yle1 x is an edifice f :i* all ar*itectural or religi\s inspiration is conspicu\sly abs5t4 ,x is a revel ( luxuri\s bad ta/e2 a ,ca!dral 9 ,prov5ce1 a ,ca!dral by ! ,sea1 b nei!r ,prov5cal nor ,m>itime1--r a product ( t ,italian ta/e :i* has s pr(\ndly vitiat$ bo? ! morals & ! ar*itecture ( all ! ,rivi]a4 ,,ii4 ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,! ,,hill-,,t[ns4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>p5tras4 ,c>p5tras is a busy prov9cial t[n1 ! t]m9us ( ?ree dim9utive railroads & ( _m little1 lumb]+1 du/-cov]$ /ages4 ,x /&s high on a hill1 & f ! b\lev>ds1 du/y prom5ades "u luxuriant %ade-trees1 :i* circle ! t[n z its walls =m]ly did1 !re is an ext5d$ view ov] ! pretty hills & valleys ( ! neighb\r+ c\ntry4 ,at "o end ( ! t[n ! ,hospital rises1 an imm5se1 b>e1 & impos+ edifice ( ! ,,xviii c5tury1 built by a ,trappi/ ,bi%op2 & at ! o!r is ! ,orange ,gate1 ! la/ t[] ( ! old =tifications4 ,betwe5 ^! hi/oric build+s & ! encircl+ b\lev>ds are ! n>r[ /reets & irregul>1 un9t]e/+ build+s ( ! city itself4 ,x is /range inde$ t s isolat$ a place1 :i* seems only a big1 bu/l+ c\ntry-t[n1 %\ld h be5 ( importance 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & t bits ( its /irr+ hi/ory mu/ h caus$ all or?odox ,europe to ?rill ) horror4 ,/rang] /ill w\ld be ! =getfulness ( mod]n writ]s1 by :om ,c>p5tras is seldom m5tion$1 7 x n t ! city's real hi/ory is t ( ! ,*ur* political1 a /ory ( /range mann]s & happ5+s1 r ?an a /ep 9 ! vital evolution t[>ds our own "t4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ,c>p5tras 0 an episcopal city1 ! capital ( ! ,c\nty ,v5aiss91 gov]n$ by weal?y1 p[]ful1 & ambiti\s ,bi%ops1 :o took no small int]e/ 9 worldly aggr&isem5t4 ,pass+ by gift to ! ,papacy1 aft] ! sudd5 dea? ( ,clem5t ,v x 0 select$ z ! place ( ! ,conclave :i* 0 to elect 8 successor4 ,! memb]s 7 assembl$ 9 ! great episcopal ,palace1 :5 ,b]tr& de ,go?1 a nephew ( ! dead ,pope1 claim+ to be an ally ( ! ,fr5* prelates aga9/ ! ,italians 9 ! ,conclave1 arriv$ f a successful loot+ ( ! papal treasury at ,montreux to pillage 9 ,c>p5tras4 ,he & 8 m]c5>ies massacr$ ! citiz5s & burn$ ! ,ca!dral4 ,! episcopal ,palace caught fire1 & _! ,em95ces--9 dang] ( _! lives--7 =c$ to squeeze _! sacr$ p]sons ?r\gh a hole :i* _! foll[]s made 9 ! ,palace wall & fly nor?w>d4 ,?is un=tunate raid left ,c>p5tras ) _m ru9s & a demoli%$ ,ca!dral1 des]t$ by ^? 9 ^: cause %e _h unwitt+ly suff]$4 ,! new ,pontiff 0 safely elect$ 9 ,lyons1 & ^u 8 return to ! papal seat ( ,avignon he adm9i/]$ ,c>p5tras by a rector1 & x cont9u$ z x _h be5 be=e1 ! political capital ( ! ,c\nty4 ,dur+ ! reigns ( succe$+ ,popes x 0 app>5tly undi/urb$ by dang]\s hon\rs1 until ! accession ( ! ,anti-,pope1 ,b5$ict ,,xiii4 ,s great 0 ?is prelate's delight 9 ! city t he res]v$ to himself ! m9or title ( h] ,bi%op1 re-built h] walls1 & 0 ! fir/ patron ( ! pres5t & v or?odox ,ca!dral1 ,sa9t-,siffre94 ,by a curi\s de/9y1 ! *ur* _h ?is false prelate n only z its fir/ patron1 b z its fir/ active support]2 & 9 #adjd he s5t ,artaud1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,arles1 9 8 "n1 to lay its fir/ /one4 ,w>s & rum\rs ( w>s soon possess$ ! prov9ce4 ,b5$ict fl$1 & ?r\gh unre/ & lack ( money ! "w ( ,ca!dral build+ 0 greatly h9d]$4 ,9 ! meantime ! ru9s ( ! =m] ,ca!dral seem to h be5 gradually dis9tegrat+1 & 9 #ahbi ! la/ ( its ,cloi/] 0 de/roy$1 to be replac$ by prison cells2 & n[ only ! *oir dome & a sugge/ion ( ! nave exi/1 p>tly =m+ ! pres5t sacri/y4 ,f ^! meagre rema9s & f writ+s ( ! "t1 x may be fairly inf]r$ t ,sa9t-,pi]re 0 a ,ca!dral ( ! type ( ,avignon & ,cavaillon & ! old ,m>seillaise ,*ur* ( ,la ,majeure1 & t1 ar*itecturally consid]$1 x 0 a f> m important /ructure ?an ,sa9t-,siffre94 ,) ?is depress+ k 9 m9d ! travell] 0 confront$ ) a sight z depress+--! pres5t ,ca!dral itself4 ,=tunately1 *ur*es ( a p]iod ant$at+ ! ,,xvii c5tury are seldom s un9t]e/+4 ,no?+ m meagre nor dre>y c be conceiv$ ?an ! facade ) its ?ree1 poor1 *>act]less portals4 ,!y op5 on a l>ge vault$ hall1 ) *apels 9 its six bays & a small & n>r[ *oir4 ,! pr9cipal *>m ( ! int]ior is negative2 its dim mi/y light1 by conceal+ a mass ( ta/eless decorations & ! pov]ty & b>5ess ( ! :ole ar*itectural s*eme1 gives to ! g5]\s height & size ( ! room an atmosph]e ( subdu$ & my/]i\s spaci\sness4 ,! s\? door is ! "o bit ( ?is ,go?ic :i* passes ! commonplace4 ,set 9 a poor1 pla9 wall1 ! portal has a graceful symmetry ( design2 & its few c>v$ details1 probably limit$ by ! arti/ic p[] ( its build]1 are s simple & *a/e t !y d n inevitably sugge/ pov]ty ( conception4 ,! tympanum holds an exotic detail1 a defac$ & insignificant fresco ( ! ,coronation ( ! ,virg92 & on ! pi] :i* divides ! door-way /&s a v *>m+ /atue ( ,our ,lady ( ,sn[s1 bless+ ^? :o ent] b5ea? h] out/ret*$ h&s4 ,?is simple portal1 & inde$ ! :ole *ur*1 is a significant example ( ,prov5cal ,go?ic1 a /yle s =eign to ! g5ius ( ! prov9ce t x c\ld produce only feeble & att5uat$ examples ( ! art4 ,comp>$ ) its nor!rn prototypes1 x is surpris+ly t5tative2 & awkw>d1 unaccu/om$ h&s seem to h built x aft] mo/ primitive conceptions4 ,sid5ote3 ,digne4 ,well outside ! ,alp9e city ( ,digne1 & almo/ surr\nd$ by graves1 /&s a small & anci5t *ur* :i* is seldom op5$ except = ! celebration ( ,masses = ! ,dead4 ,c(f9-re/s /& always be=e ! alt>1 & en\gh *airs = ! few t m\rn4 ,!re are old c&le/icks = ! tap]s ( ! *ur*'s poor1 & hidd5 9 ! %ad[s ( ! doors1 a few brok5 crosses t once m>k$ graves1 plac$1 t5d]ly p]haps1 above ^? :o 7 alive "s ye>s ago & :o n[ re/ =gott52 on batt]$ wood1 "o c /ill read a baby's age1 an old man's record1 & ! lett]s ,r4 ,i4 ,p4 ,9 ?is /range1 melan*oly de/9y ( ,notre-,dame-du-,b\rg !re seems to be a peculi> fitness4 ,! mutability ( "t1 =getfulness1 & at l5g? neglect1 :i* dea? sugge/s1 are br\ght to m9d by ?is old *ur*4 ,once ! ,ca!dral ( ,digne1 b no long] ,ca!dral1 x /&s almo/ alone 9 spite ( its hon\rs & its v5]able age4 ,aft] ! desecration by ! ,hugu5ots1 its episcopal bir?right 0 giv5 to a y\ng] & a l>g] *ur*2 ! city has mov$ away & clu/]s ab\t its new ,ca!dral1 ,sa9t-,j]ome2 & ,notre-,dame-du-,b\rg is no long] on a busy /reet1 b ne> ! du/y high-road1 amid ! quiet ( ! c\ntry & ! hills4 ,p>ts ( its crypt & t[] may ant$ate #ijj1 b ! *ur* itself 0 re-built 9 ! ,,xii & ,,xiii c5turies4 ,! c\rse ( "t has br\ght none ( ! incongruities :i* h ru9$ _m *ur*es by ! s-call$ re/orations ( ! la/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 & al?\gh its simple ,romanesque is sadly unrepair$1 x is a delight to come into ! solitude & f9d an unspoil$ example ( ?is /an* old /yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,notre-,,dame-,,du-,,b\rg4--,,digne4 ,! ,romanesque %[s =? its great solidity 9 ! ext]ior ( its *ur*es1 & n[h]e m ?an 9 ,digne's des]t$ ,ca!dral4 ,flat buttresses l9e ! walls1 ! transepts are squ>e & pla91 & on ei!r side ! facade wall is upheld by a =midable support4 ,?is sev]ity ( l9e is n greatly modifi$ by ! deep recesses ( a few w9d[s2 nor is ! t[]--:i* lo/ its spire ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago--( less sob] con/ruction1 less solidly built4 ,bel[ ! ov]hang+ eaves ( a mis]able ro( & ! curi\s l9e ( ! nave vault :i* projects ?r\gh ! wall1 is a r\nd w9d[ ) a frame ( massive rolls & holl[s2 & bel[ ?is aga91 "u a n>r[ slop+ cov]+1 is ! deep ar* ( ! ,ca!dral's por*4 ,?is1 9 its prime1 mu/ h be5 ! *ur*'s ornam5tal glory4 ,b5ea? ! out] ar*1 :i* is cont9u$ to ! buttresses by half-ar*es1 are ! great roll-m\ld+s t twi/ backw>d to a pla9 tympanum4 ,capitals /ill support ^! massive curves ( /one1 b ! ni*es 9 :i* ! columns =m]ly /ood are empty1 & gr9n+ lions1 ly+ on ! gr\nd1 no long] support ! l>g] columns ( ! pla9 ar*4 ,all /&s 9 solemn decay4 ,! travell] ent]$ a batt]$1 brass-nail$ door & saw be=e him ! /ret* ( a s+le1 empty nave1 a *oir b5ea? ^: l[] vault are ?ree small w9d[s1 & on ei!r side ! ar*ways :i* he knew mu/ lead to n>r[ transepts4 ,9 ! s\? side1 pla91 r\nd$ w9d[s give a glimm]+ light1 & ov] ea* projects an ar*1 ! mode/ decoration ( ! walls4 ,f> above rises ! tunnel-vault1 ^: %e] height is gr&ly dignifi$2 ! ar*es re/ on r\ghly c>v$ capitals1 & ! out] rectangle ( ! pi]s is displac$ = half a column4 ,! rehe>sal ( ^! mo/ simple details seems b ! writ+ ( ! lett] :i* kille?1 & n ! portrayal ( ! _s t seems to live )9 ^! walls4 ,details :i* seem s poorly few :5 read1 are nobly s :5 se54 ,?is small old *ur* has a true religi\s /atel9ess1 & x seem$ z if a prie/ %\ld br+ ! ,sanctu>y-light :i* says1 ,! ,"l is 9 ,8 holy temple4 ,sa9t-,j]ome 0 built betwe5 #adij & #aejj1 a hundr$ ye>s be=e its episcopal elevation1 & =ms a mo/ complete anti!sis to ,notre-,dame-du-,b\rg :i* x supplant$ 9 #aeia4 ,:]e ,notre-,dame is small1 ,sa9t-,j]ome is l>ge1 :]e ! old *ur* is simple1 ! new] "o is ei!r pret5ti\s or sumptu\s1 & :]e ! "o is ,romanesque1 ! o!r is ,go?ic4 ,! pres5t ,ca!dral /&s on ! heights ( ! city2 & f "o side or ano!r its clean1 /raight walls c be se5 9 all _! l>ge angul>ity & abs5ce ( ar*itectural significance4 ,t[]s rise conv5tionally above ! facade2 & a big broad flight ( :ite /one /eps leads to ?ree mod]n portals t h be5 built 9 an economical imitation ( ! sculptur$ ri*ness ( ! ,,xiii c5tury4 ,! int]ior1 also ,go?ic1 has nei!r cl]e/ory nor tri=ium1 & its naves are cov]$ by a vault+ :i* spr+s broadly f ! r\nd1 support+ pi]s4 ,! conception is n noble1 x has no simplicity1 & no m ( spiritual sugge/ion ?an a ,madonna ( ,titian2 b ! space ( ! nave is s l>gely g5]\s & ! new poly*rome s ri*ly ton$ t ! *ur* has maje/y ( space & h>mony1 deep lights & subdu$ col\r+s2 x is l>ge & sumptu\s ) ! munific5ce ( a ,v]onese canvas1 a s+ul> & mo/ curi\s contra/ to ! cold sev]ity ( its out] walls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,int]ior ,,has ,,nei!r ,,cl]e/ory ,,nor ,,tri=ium4--,,digne4 ,be=e ! ,high ,alt> ( ?is ,*ur* lies buri$ "o ^: _s sugge/s ! ,*ri/1 a ,bi%op1 yet a simple prie/1 ^: life des]ves m words ?an does ! :ole ( ,sa9t-,j]ome1 once 8 ,ca!dral-*ur*4 ,he 0 a ,cure ( ,brignoles1 "o ( ^? ke51 yet simple-he>t$ & h>d-work+ prie/s :o (t5 bless ,prov5cal t[ns4 ,he _h no great ambitions1 no patronage1 no ties except a f>-(f bro!r :o 0 an up/>t g5]al ( t mo/ up/>t ,emp]or1 ,napoleon4 ,"o day :ile ! prie/ 0 pott]+ 9 8 little g>d51--z ,prov5cal ,cures love to dig & "w1--a lett] 0 h&$ him1 m>k$ ?irty s\s ( po/age due4 ,he 0 outrag$4 ,8 %9+ old s\tane fell f ! folds 9 :i* he _h prud5tly tuck$ x1 he %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s & prote/$1--,a great exp5se inde$ = a trivial purpose4 ,:]e %\ld he f9d ano!r ?irty s\s = 8 poor8 ,he nev] wrote lett]s4 ,!re=e by no argum5t ( any s*ool ( logic c\ld he be compell$ to receive !m4 ,obvi\sly ?is 0 n = him4 ,! unexpect$ lett] 0 "o = :i* 8 bro!r _h ask$ & :i* ,napoleon _h sign$1 a decree :i* made him ,bi%op4 ,long aft]w>ds ?is simple1 sa9tly prelate sav$ a man f crime1 & hi/ory relates t ?is same man di$ at ,wat]loo z a good & fai?ful soldi] fight+ = ! fa!rl&4 ,8 b5efactor1 t loyal s]vant ( ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur*1 soon foll[$ him 9 dea?1 & unlike _m a ,sa9t :om ?is e>? =gets 8 memory lives on1 n only 9 ! little city ( ! sn[-clad ,alps1 b 9 ! he>ts ( ^? :o read ( 8 good de$s4 ,= ,monseigneur ,miollis ( ,digne is truly ,monseigneur ,bi5v5u ( ,les ,mis]ables1 & only ! soldi] ( ,wat]loo 0 glorifi$ 9 ,jean ,valjean4 ,sid5ote3 ,=calqui]4 ,if x is difficult to picture sleepy1 /ately ,aix z "o ( ! mo/ brilliant c5tres ( m$iaeval ,europe1 & ! g>rison$ ca/le ( ,t>ascon fill$ ) ! gay c\rti]s & fair ladies ( ,k+ ,r5e's ,c\rt1 x w be almo/ impossible to walk 9 ! small] ,prov5cal cities1 & see 9 imag9ation ! cavalcades ( mail$ soldi]s :o clatt]$ ?r\gh ! /reets on _! way to ! ca/le ( "s ne>-by hill-top1 my "l pr\dly di/+ui%able by 8 m\nt or ! l5g? ( 8 plume1 a delicate ,c\ntess langui%+ betwe5 ! curta9s ( h] litt]1 or a m sprightly "o :o rode h] palfrey & smil$ on ! />+ t[nsfolk4 ,x is almo/ impossible to conceive t ! f\r daught]s ( ,raymond ,b]5g]1 a ,que5 ( ! ,romans1 ( ,france1 ( ,naples1 & ( ,engl&1 7 br\ght up 9 ! ca/le ( ! little hillside hamlet ( ,sa9t-,maime ,dauph94 ,prov5ce is quiet1 rural1 prov9cial2 a l& ( m>kets1 busy c\ntry inns1 & f>ms2 n ( mod]n greatness nor ( mod]n r5[n4 ,its *ildr5 are a f9e & busy race1 no less /rong & f9e ?an 9 ! l&'s m /irr+ times1 b !y live _! ye>s ( greatness 9 o!r1 m progressive p>ts ( ,france1 & ! ,prov5cal g5ius1 :i* rema9s v native to ! soil1 is broadly kn[n to fame z ,fr5*4 ,l "s ri* old w9e hidd5 9 ! cell>s ( ! few1 ,prov5ce lies safely ensconc$ beh9d ,avignon & ,arles1 & only ! epicures ( hi/ory p5etrate h] hills4 ,h] m$iaeval ru9s seem to belong to a pa/ almo/ z dead & gho/ly z h] ,roman days1 & to realise h] ,middle ,ages1 "o mu/ leave ! busy p 9 ! t[n bel[1 climb "o ( ! hills1 & sitt+ beside ! crumbl+ walls ( "s great t[] or ca/le1 wat* ! hot sun sett+ beh9d ! l[ m\nta9s & light+ 9 a gl[ ! b>e walls ( "s o!r ru9$ /ronghold on a neighb\r+ height4 ,! %ad[s creep into ! valleys1 ! rocks gr[ grey & cold1 & ! clu/]s ( trees beside !m become d>kly my/]i\s4 ,!n f> b5ea? a :ite ?read seems to appe>1 beg9n+ at ! valley's entrance & twi/+ along its l5g? until x disappe>s beh9d ano!r hill4 ,?is is ! road2 & by ! "t ! eye has foll[$ its long c\rse1 daylight has gr[n fa9t]4 ,!n ,prov5ce takes on a long-lo/ spl5d\r4 ,to ^? :o c>e to see1 cavalcades ( soldi]s or ( hunt]s come home along ! road1 ca/les become :ole & fr[n+1 ! dy+ sun ca/s its light ?r\gh _! gap+ w9d[-holes1 z light ( nightly revels us$ to %9e1 & a phantom ,m$iaevalism appe>s4 ,"o ( ! p[]ful families ( ! c\ntry1 ! ,c\nts ( ,=calqui]1 sprang f ! ,h\se ( ,b]5g] 9 ! ,,xi c5tury1 & a hundr$ & fifty ye>s lat]1 gr[n too great1 7 cru%$ by ! haughty p>5t h\se4 ,m ?an "o hill ( ,ea/]n ,prov5ce has borne _! tall wat*t[]s1 m ?an "o village ow$ !m allegiance1 & a l>ge t[n 9 ! hills 0 _! capital & bore _! "n4 ,& yet n a ru9$ t[] t ov]looks ! ,prov5cal m\nta9s1 n a village1 gate1 or ca/le--,manosque or old ,sa9t-,maime1--b speaks m vividly ( ! old ,c\nts ?an does ,=calqui]1 =m]ly _! city1 n[ a m]e c\ntry t[n :i* has lo/ pre/ige ) its increas+ isolation1 _m ( its inhabitants by plagues & w>s1 & almo/ all ( its picturesque ,m$iaevalism ?r\gh ! de/ructiv5ess ( sieges4 ,long be=e ?is day ( cont5t$ /agnancy1 9 #ajfa1 :5 ,=calqui]1 =tifi$1 gr[+1 & important1 claim$ _m hon\rs1 ,bi%op ,g]>d ,capr]ius ( ,si/]on _h giv5 ! city a ,provo/ & a ,*apt]1 & creat$ ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9t-,m>y1 co-ca!dral ) t ( ,notre-,dame ( ,si/]on4 ,n cont5t$ ) ?is hon\r1 ,=calqui] dem&$ & receiv$ a ,bi%opric ( h] own4 ,h] hill 0 !n cr[n$ by a ,citadel1 h] ,ca!dral /ood ne>-by1 h] walls 7 intact4 ,n[ ! ,citadel is replac$ by a peaceful pilgrims' *apel1 ! walls are gone1 ,sa9t-,m>y1 ru9$ 9 ! siege ( #adhf1 is recall$ only by a few we$-cov]$ /umps & bits ( wall1 & its title 0 giv5 to ,notre-,dame 9 ! l[] "p ( ! t[n4 ,no ,ca!dral is a sadd] example ( ar*itectural failure ?an ,notre-,dame ( ,=calqui] because x has s _m ( ! beg9n+s ( real beauty & dignity1 s _m p>ts ( real wor?9ess t h be5 un=tunately comb9$ 9 a confus$ & discordant :ole4 ,if1 ( all little cities ( ,prov5ce1 ,=calqui] is "o ( ! lea/ unique & lea/ hold+1 its ,ca!dral is also "o ( ! lea/ satisfy+4 ,x is n beautiful 9 situation nor 9 its own ess5tial h>mony1 & ! f9e b tantalis+ p]spectives ( its int]ior may be f\nd aga9 9 happi] *ur*es4 ,! ext]ior %[s to a sup]lative degree t g5]al t5d5cy ( ,prov5cal ext]iors to be )\t def9ite or logical proportions4 ,a l>ge1 squ>e t[]1 heavi] ?an t ( ,grasse1 s]v$ z a look\t1 a tall1 ?9 little turret s]v$ z a belfry4 ,9 ! facade !re is a ,go?ic portal :i* not)/&+ its entire m$iocrity is ! *ief adornm5t ( ! out] walls4 ,!y are irregul> & unc\? to a degree & _! only int]e/+ features are at ! ea/]n end4 ,"h ! small]1 old] apses on ei!r side betray ! *ur*'s e>ly orig94 ,! c5tral apse1 evid5tly ( ! same dim5sions z ! ,romanesque "o orig9ally design$1 0 re-built 9 sev]e1 rudim5t>y ,go?ic4 ,look+ at ?is %all[ apse alone1 & foll[+ its pla9 l9es until !y meet ^? ( ! big t[]1 !re is a /raight simplicity t is almo/ f9e1--b ?is is "o m]e detail 9 a l>ge & b>r5 :ole1 & ! ,ca!dral-seek] turns to ! ne>e/ entrance4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,l>ge1 ,,squ>e ,,t[] ,,s]v$ ,,z ,a ,,look\t4--,,=calqui]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sugge/ive ,,view ,,f ,,! ,,side ,,aisle4--,,=calqui]4 ,! fir/ glimpse ( ! int]ior is s reliev+ t "o is n quick to notice its lack ( ar*itectural unity4 ,! few w9d[s give a s(t light1 & ! br[n ( ! /one has a mell[ness t is bo? ri* & reposeful4 ,if ! ,ca!dral c\ld h be5 f9i%$ 9 ! /yle ( ! fir/ bays ( ! nave1 x w\ld h be5 a nobly dignifi$ example ( ! ,romanesque4 ,c\ld x h be5 re-built 9 ! sl5d] ,go?ic ( ! la/ bay1 x w\ld h be5 an exquisite example ( ,prov5cal ,go?ic4 ,r l>gely plann$1 its old =m ( tunnel vault+ & ! f9e curve ( its nave ar*es & heavy pi]s are 9 viol5t contra/ to ! ,go?ic bay1 ) its po9t$ ar*1 its clu/]$ columns & c>v$ capitals1 :i*1 ev5 ) ! %all[ *oir & its long1 slim w9d[s1 is too slight a portion ( ! ,ca!dral to h indep5d5ce or real beauty4 ,f its rituali/ic position1 x is ! culm9at+ po9t ( ! *ur*1 & its discord ) ! ,romanesque is unpleasantly insi/5t4 ,! side aisles1 :i* 7 built 9 ! ,,xvii c5tury1 are l[1 agreeable walks end+ 9 ! *apels ( ! small] apses4 ,!y are nei!r v regul> nor v significant2 b !y give ! *ur* pleasant size & p]spectives1 & by avoid+ ! unduly l>ge & %9+ mod]n *&eli]s :i* hang betwe5 ! nave ar*es1 "o gets f ^! side aisles ! sugge/ive views :i* %[ only too well :at true & good ar*itectural ideas 7 br\ght to confusion 9 ! re-build+1 ! additions1 & ! re/orations ( ! c5turies4 ,9 pa9t+1 ana*ronisms may be qua9t or ev5 amus+2 b 9 ar*itecture1 !y are ei!r grotesque or tragic1 & 9 a *ur* ( su* f9e sugge/iv5ess z ,notre-,dame at ,=calqui]1 "o is haunt$ by l+]+ regrets = :at might & %\ld h be54 ,sid5ote3 ,v5ce4 ,a f\nd] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy & "o ( its fir/ immortal =ty 0 ,anto9e ,godeau1 ! idol ( ! ,hotel ,ramb\illet4 ,8 m9d 0 =m$1 z x 71 by "o ( ! mo/ clev] wom5 ( t brilliantly fooli% cot]ie1 he sang frivol\s sonnets to a beautiful r$-hair$ mi/ress :om he s9c]ely admir$1 & :5 he ent]$ ,holy ,*ur*1 none ( 8 *>m+ fri5ds believ$ t he w\ld d m ?an modify ! prop] & agreeable conv5tionalities ( 8 =m] life4 ,!y ?\ght t he w\ld add to ! grace ( 8 worldly mann] ! suavity ( ! ecclesia/ic1 t he w\ld *oose a pulpit ( ,p>is1 & t1 sitt+ at 8 feet1 !y c\ld enjoy ! elegant phrases ) :i* he w\ld embelli% a ref9$ & delicately att5uat$ religion4 ,b an ag$ prelate ( ! f> ,s\? judg$ ! new prie/ diff]5tly1 he _h s\nd$ ! he>t ( ! man :o1 at ! age ( ?irty1 _h quietly r5\nc$ a flatt]+1 admir+ _w2 & 8 dy+ pray] to ,ri*elieu 0 t ,godeau %\ld succe$ him 9 ! ,see ( ,v5ce4 ,! ke5 worldly wisdom ( ! ,c>d9al confirm$ ! old ,bi%op's m spiritual insight1 & ,godeau 0 nam$ ,bi%op ( ! neighb\r+ ,grasse4 ,f> away 9 8 m\nta9-city ( fl[] g>d5s & sweet od\rs1 ! new ,bi%op wrote to 8 ,p>isian fri5ds t1 = 8 "p1 he f\nd m ?orns ?an orange-blossoms4 ,! ,calv9i/s1 f ! rock ( ,antibes1 op5ly defi$ him2 9 spite ( ! vehem5t opposition ( _! ,*apt]s & aga9/ 8 w1 ! ,bi%oprics ( ,grasse & ,v5ce 7 unit$1 & he 0 made ! ,bi%op ( ! two w>r+1 discont5t$ ,sees4 ,he 0 /on$ at ,v5ce2 & ev5 8 colleague 9 temporal p[]1 ! ,m>quis ( ,vill5euve1 %[$ himself z insol5t z he d>$4 ,at l5g? ! ,k+ came to 8 aid1 & be+ giv5 8 *oice ( ! ,sees1 ,godeau imm$iately left ! p]fum$ w5*1 z he call$ ,grasse1 & *ose to live & "w among 8 "o-"t enemies ( ,v5ce4 ,?is g5tle & c\rage\s prelate is typical ( ! long l9e ( wise m5 :o rul$ ! ,*ur* 9 ! tight little city ( ! ,prov5cal hills4 ,f ,sa9t ,v]an ! wond]-work]1 & ,sa9t ,lamb]t ! t5d] nurse ( lep]s1 to ! end1 !y 7 m5 not$ = brav]y1 goodness1 & le>n+1 & x 0 n till ! ,revolution t "o 0 f\nd--& fitt+ly ! la/--:o1 hat+ ! ,oa? & fe>+ ! guillot9e1 fl$ 8 ,see4 ,?is city ( good ,bi%ops 0 f\nd$ 9 ! dim1 pagan pa/ ( ,gaul4 ,f a rocky hill-top1 its inhabitants _h wat*$ ! burn+ ( _! fir/ valley-t[n & !y f\nd$ ! second ,v5ce on t height ( safety to :i* !y _h escap$ ) _! lives4 ,"h1 f> above ! ,aurelian road1 ! ,gallic tribes _h a /rong & isolat$ camp4 ,!n ! pry+ ,romans f\nd !m out1 & prie/s ( ,m>s & ,cybele replac$ ^? ( ! crud] native gods1 & !y1 9 turn1 gave way to ! apo/le ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,:]e a temple /ood1 a *ur* 0 built2 & unlike _m e>ly sa9ts :o look$ ^u old pagan images z homes ( devils & broke !m into a ?\s& pieces ) holy wra? & words ( exorcism1 ! prelate ( ,v5ce buri$ an image ( a vanqui%$ god "u ea* & e pill> ( 8 *ur*1 9 sign ( ,*ri/ian triumph4 ,^! e>ly days ( ! ,fai? 7 days ( gr[? = ! little city1 & %e prosp]$ 9 h] ,m$iaevalism4 ,high on h] hill1 %e 0 too difficult ( access to suff] greatly f m>aud+ foes1 & hidd5 f ! sea1 %e did n excite ! cupidity ( ! ,m$it]ranean rov]s4 ,:5 ,antibes & ,nice 7 sack$1 h] little l$ge ( rock 0 safe2 & p cr[d$ ?ick & fa/ beh9d h] walls1 until no bee-hive sw>m$ s ?ick ) bees z h] few /reets ) citiz5s4 ,"h 7 arts & occupations1 burgh]s & *>t]s1 ri*es & lib]ties4 ,"h came ! ,r5aissance1 & ,v5ce _h eag]1 if n fam\s sculptors1 pa9t]s1 & organ-build]s1 & a family ( arti/s :om ev5 ! dilettante ,francis ,i deign$ to patronise4 ,su* memories ( a busy1 en]getic pa/ seem fairy-tales to ^? :o walk to-day ab\t ! d>k & n>r[ /reets ( ,v5ce4 ,%e sc>cely has outgr[n h] anci5t walls1 h] civic life is dead1 & 9 h] virtual isolation f ! mod]n _w %e lives a dre>y1 quiet old age4 ,! old ,ca!dral1 ,notre-,dame1 lies 9 ! he>t ( ! t[n2 & takes "o back along ! ye>s1 f> pa/ ! ,r5aissance1 to ^? grim m$iaeval days :5 ev5 *ur*es 7 places ( def5ce4 ,x is a l[1 unimpressive build+1 said to h be5 built on ! site ( ! ,roman ,temple 9 ! ,,iv c5tury4 ,enl>g$ or re-built 9 ! ,x c5tury1 x 0 !n long & n>r[1 a ,lat9 cross4 ,b 9 ! ,,xii c5tury1 deep1 d>k bays 7 add$2 9 ! ,,xv1 tribunes 7 built1 ! =m ( ! apse 0 *ang$ to an oval & x 0 decorat$ 9 an inh>moni\s /yle2 & a hundr$ ye>s ago ! nave vault 0 re-built 9 an ellipse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,old ,,r\nd ,,ar* ,,( ,,! ,,bi%op',s ,,palace4--,,v5ce4 ,9 ! side wall !re is a l[ portal ( a late1 decad5t /yle1 :i* op5s on ! little squ>e1 b !re is no real facade2 & to see ! *ur*1 ! travell] pass$ "u ! old r\nd ar* ( ! ,bi%op's ,palace1 ?r\gh a small1 damp /reet to ano!r t9i] squ>e :]e ! apse & t[] /&4 ,! little ,ca!dral-*ur*es ( ,prov5ce are always simply built1 b "h a rectangle1 a l[ gabl$ ro(1 a small1 r\nd-head$ w9d[ 9 ! wall1 w\ld h be5 ar*itectural b>5ess if a high1 /raight t[] _h n cr[n$ x all4 ,?is cr5ellat$ t[] is a true type ( its "t1 squ>e1 yet slim & /rong1 & crudely graceful z "s tall "y popl> ( ! pla9s b5ea?4 ,9 ! ,,xi & ,,xii c5turies1 its e>ly days1 x 0 ! city's look\t4 ,families liv$ high up 9 its walls1 & ! travell] c\ld imag9e1 9 ?is little old1 des]t$ squ>e1 ! cr[ds :o ga!r$ r\nd ! t[]'s base1 & call$ = news ( enemies & battle z mod]ns ga!r ab\t ! m prosaic bullet9 ( pr9t$ news4 ,he c\ld see !m surg+1 pe]+ up2 & f above he almo/ he>d ! wat*]'s cry1 ,!y're com+ on1--) ! great answ]+ h[l b5ea?1 & ! ru% to arms4 ,or1 ,!y pass u by1 & !n :at break+ into little laugh+ gr\ps1 :at joy1 :at danc+1 & :at pray+1 t la/$ f> into ! ev5+ h\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,l[1 ,,broad ,,ar*es ,,& ,,! ,,great1 ,,support+ ,,pill>s4--,,v5ce4 ,! travell] came back 9 ?\ght to mod]n times & w5t into ! *ur*1 t *ur* ( five l[ naves & _m re/orations1 t product ( mo/ div]se fancies4 ,x is pa9t$ 9 lugubri\s :ite1 & its pill>s h false bases 9 a palpable imitation ( ve9$ r$ m>ble4 ,its pure & e>ly =m1 ! ,lat9 cross1 is gone1 its f9e old /alls are hidd5 9 a gall]y1 & at ! alt> ,cor9?ian columns desecrate its anci5t ,romanesque4 ,yet 9 spite ( ! incongruities ! atmosph]e ( ! *ur* is truly t ( its dim pa/4 ,!re are ! l[ broad ar*es1 ! great1 support+ pill>s t are massive buttresses2 !re is ! simple practicality ( a /yle t aim$ at a protect+ /r5g? r ?an at any art ( beauty2 !re is ! semi-d>kness ( ! small1 safe w9d[s1 & ! little1 gu>d$ space :]e ! pray+ few increas$ a ?\s&-fold 9 times ( dang]4 ,?is is1 9 spite ( all defects1 ! small ,prov5cal *ur* :]e 9 days ( peace cl\dy inc5se sl[ly circl$ r\nd ! %ad[y =ms ( *ant+ prie/s1 & :]e 9 times ( w> a cr[d ( fright5$ wom5 & _! *ildr5 pray$ 9 safety = ! m5 :o salli$ =? to fight 9 _! def5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,grasse4 ,he :o is unlov+ ( ! pa/ may well ru% by its treasures 9 a puff+ automobile1 he :o is bor$ by old5 ?\ghts c hurry on by rail1 b ! man :o wi%es to "k ! old hill-t[ns ( ,france1 to see !m z !y seem$ to _! mak]s1 & realise _! "o-"t magnific5ce & /r5g?1 mu/ walk f "o t[n to ! next1 & climb _! /eep heights2 mu/ see great t[]s rise be=e him1 great walls loom above him1 & realise h[ gr&ly /rong ^! places 7 :5 x 0 man to man & sword to sword1 /r5g? aga9/ /r5g?4 ,he mu/ arrive1 du/-cov]$1 at ! cities' gates or drive into _! n>r[ /reets on ! small coa* :i* /ill passes ?r\gh1--= !y are ( ! times :5 great m5 rode & peasants walk$ & /eam 0 all unkn[n4 ,!n he w realise h[ v l>ge ! _w once 01 h[ f> f t[n to t[n2 & once )9 ^? high1 protect+ walls1 he w und]/& :y ! citiz5 ( m$iaeval days f\nd 9 8 t[n a _w suffici5t to itself1 & :y he 0 s (t5 well cont5t to sp5d 8 life at home4 ,! p[] & ! =ce ( an isolat$1 self-conc5trat$ int]e/ is well illu/rat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! free cities ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & ,grasse may be c\nt$ "o ( ^!4 ,c\nts %e _h 9 "n2 b ! ,b]5g]s & ,que5 ,jeanne _h grant$ h] *>t]s :i* %e _h ! p[] to keep2 %e 0 once weal?y en\gh to decl>e w> ) ,pisa1 & 9 ! ,,xii c5tury ! lead]s ( h] self-gov]nm5t 7 ,consuls by ! grace ( ,god alone4 ,!re=e :5 ,antibes cont9u$ to be greatly m5ac$ by blasphem\s pirates1 ! ,bi%opric 0 remov$ to ,grasse1 ri*1 /rong1 & safe beh9d ! hills1 :]e x endur$ f #abdd1 ?r\gh all ! p]ils ( ! c5turies1 until by a p5-/roke ,napoleon wip$ x out 9 #ahja4 ,illu/ration3 ,,high] ,,?an ,,!m ,,all ,,/&s ,,! ,,ca!dral4--,,grasse4 ,to come to ,grasse on foot or 9 ! /age1 w well repay ! travell] ( old-fa%ion$ moods & fancies4 ,af>1 h] h\ses seem to cr[d toge!r1 z !y us$ to cr[d )9 ! walls1 h] r$ ro(s rise fanta/ically "o above ! o!r1 & high] ?an !m all /&s ! ,ca!dral ) its firm1 squ>e t[]4 ,su* mu/ h be5 old ,grasse1 p]*$ on ! summit ( h] hill4 ,b once inside ! t[n1 ^! illusions cease4 ,"h are ! hotels & ! ,cas9o ( a !rmal /ation1 & ! factories ( a new _w4 ,! travell] f9ds t ! broad upp] b\lev>ds are fill$ ) t\ri/s & sm>t ,engli% visitors2 & 9 ! n>r[ /reets p]t factory-h&s come noisily f "w4 ,/ill he climbs on t[>d ! ,ca!dral1 ?r\gh tortu\s /reets & little alley-ways4 ,& 9 ! gloomie/ ( !m all !re is no od\r ( a /ale antiquity1 b ! p]fume ( a g>d5-full ( roses1 ( a ?\s& orange-blossoms1 & ( locu/s1 honey-sweet1 & he beg9s to ?9k himself en*ant$4 ,he feels ! d>k1 old h\ses are unreal1 z if1 in/ead ( cobble-/ones b5ea? 8 feet1 !re mu/ be ! s(t & t5d] grass ( ,araby ! ,ble/4 ,su* is ! magic ( a trade1 ! p]fume indu/ry ( ,grasse t = s _m hundr$s ( ye>s has made h] meane/ /reets full ( refre%+ fragrance4 ,brea?less f ! climb1 ! travell] /epp$ at l5g? into ! little squ>e1 be=e a mo/ unga9ly ,ca!dral4 ,*iefly built 9 ! ,,xii c5tury1 x may h be51 b s b$iz5$ by ! ,r5aissance t its heavy old ,prov5cal walls & massive pill>s seem to exi/ m]ely z supports = additions or unreasonable decorations ( a poor ,italian /yle4 ,a c]ta9 ,monseigneur ( ! ,,xvii c5tury re-built ! *oir 9 a deep1 rectangul> =m2 ano!r prelate enl>g$ ! *ur* prop] & ru9$ x by con/ruct+ a tribune ov] ! aisles1 & desir+ ! rev5ues ( a new burial-place1 he ord]$ ,vauban to accompli% ! d>+ con/ruction ( a crypt4 ,/ill ano!r ,bi%op ) l ar*itectural ta/es built a l>ge new *apel :i* op5s f ! s\? aisle2 & ) ^! additions & ,,xviii c5tury *anges 9 ! facade1 ! orig9al /yle ( ! *ur* 0 obscur$4 ,9 spite ( ! pitiful rema9s ( dignity :i* its ?ree aisles1 its firm old pill>s1 & its height /ill give to ! int]ior1 x is z a :ole s mean a build+ t x has fitt+ly lo/ ! title ( ,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pont ,d',,avignon4 ,,iii4 ,,riv]-,,side ,,ca!drals4 ,sid5ote3 ,avignon4 ,ev]y?+ :i* surr\nds ! ,ca!dral ( ,avignon1 its situation1 its city1 its hi/ory1 is s full ( romance & glam\r t x is only aft] v sob] second ?\ght "o realises t ! *ur* itself is ! lea/ ( ! papal build+s :i* maje/ically ov]t[] ! ,rhone1 or ( ^? royal ru9s :i* face !m z pr\dly on ! opposite bank ( ! riv]4 ,yet no *ur* 9 ,prov5ce is ri*] 9 tradition1 & 9 hi/ory m romantic ?an tradition4 ,! f\ndation ( ?is *ur* goes back to ! fir/ ,avignon1 a small colony ( riv]-fi%]m5 :i* gave way be=e ! ,romans1 :o e/abli%$ a city1 ,av]nio1 on ! great rocky hill two hundr$ feet above ! ,rhone4 ,"s hundr$s ( ye>s lat] ! fir/ ,*ri/ian mission>ies to ,gaul l&$ ne> ! m\? ( ?is riv]1--,m>y ! "m ( ,james1 ,sa9t ,s>a ! patron ( gypsies1 ,laz>us1 8 si/] ,m>?a1 & ,sa9t ,maxim94 ,be=e ^! /orm-toss$ ,sa9ts lay ! fair & pagan c\ntry ( ,prov5ce1 ! sc5e ( _! future mission2 & if tradition is to be fur!r believ$1 ea* w5t 8 way1 to "w mightily = ! sacr$ cause4 ,maxim9 liv$ 9 ! t[n t be>s 8 "n1 ,laz>us became ! fir/ ,bi%op ( ,m>seilles1 & ,sa9t ,m>?a asc5d$ ! ,rhone z f> z ,avignon & built ne> ! site ( ! pres5t ,ca!dral an oratory 9 hon\r ( ! ,virg9 !n liv+ on ! e>?4 ,two e>ly *ur*es1 ( :i* ?is *apel 0 p]haps a "p1 7 de/roy$ 9 ! ,s>ac5ic sieges ( ! ,,viii c5tury2 an inscription 9 ! por* ( ! pres5t ,ca!dral records ! v int]e/+ m$iaeval acc\nt ( its re-build+ & re-consecration ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,x 01 s runs ! tale1 ! habit ( a dev\t woman to pray 9 ! *ur* e night2 & aft] ! ,ca!dral _h be5 f9i%$ by ! g5]\s aid ( ,*>lemagne1 %e happ5$ !re at midnight1 & witness$ ! desc5t ( ,*ri/ 9 wondr\s1 %9+ light4 ,!re at ! ,high ,alt>1 surr\nd$ by m9i/]+ angels1 he d$icat$ ! ,ca!dral to ,8 ,"m1 ,our ,lady ( ,ca!drals2 & s x has be5 call$ to ! pres5t day4 ,if x is an impossible & ungrateful task to disprove t ! re-con/ruction1 or at lea/ ! re-f\nd+ ( ?is ,ca!dral 0 ! "w ( ,*>lemagne1 s munific5t a patron & dutiful a son ( ! ,*ur*1 to prove x is equally impossible4 ,a m>tyrology ( ! ,,xi c5tury speaks ( a d$ication 9 #ajfi1 b z ?is c]emony _h be5 prec$$ by ano!r ext5sive re-build+1 & 0 foll[$ by _m o!r *anges1 ! olde/ portions ( ! pres5t *ur* are to be mo/ accurately ascrib$ to ! ,,xi1 ,,xii1 & ,,xiv c5turies4 ,! additions ( ! c5turies foll[+ ! papal return to ,rome h greatly *ang$ ! appe>ance ( ! *ur*4 ,a l>ge *apel1 built 9 #aejf1 gives almo/ a nor!rn nave4 ,9 #afga1 ,ar*bi%op ,ario/o ?\ght ! int]ior w\ld be gracefully improv$ by a ,r5aissance gall]y :i* %\ld encircle ! entire nave f "o end ( ! *oir to ! o!r4 ,to accompli% ?is new "w1 ! old ma9 pi]s bel[ ! gall]y 7 cut away1 ! wall ar*es 7 *ang$1 & columns & pi]s1 almo/ entirely new1 arose to support a %all[1 gracefully balu/rad$ balcony & its bases ( massive c>v+4 ,n9e ye>s lat] a new ,ar*bi%op add$ to ! nor? side a squ>e ,,xvii c5tury *apel1 ri*ly ornam5tal 9 itself1 b entirely out ( h>mony ) ! fundam5tal /yle ( ! *ur*4 ,o!r *apels1 less di/+ui%$1 :i* h be5 add$ f "t to "t1 l9e ! nave bo? nor? & s\?1 & all are excresc5t to ! orig9al plan4 ,( ! ext]ior1 only ! facade reta9s its primitive "*4 ,! side-walls1 entirely featureless1 z has be5 well said1 reflect only ! v>i\s p]iods ( ! *apels :i* h be5 add$ to ! ,ca!dral1 & ! apse 0 re-built 9 #afga1 9 a heavy1 un9t]e/+ =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,int]ior ,,has ,a ,,%all[1 ,,gracefully ,,balu/rad$ ,,balcony4--,,avignon4 ,^! additions1 sup]impos$ ornam5tations1 & rebuild+s1 toge!r ) ! v sub/antial sub/ructure ( ! primitive ,ca!dral1 =m to-day a small *ur* ( unimpressive1 conglom]ate /yle1 & except = its hi/ory1 unnotewor?y4 ,x is !re=e a *ur* ^: int]e/ is almo/ :olly ( ! pa/2 & ! travell] goes back 9 imag9ation1 c5tury aft] c5tury1 to ! era ( ,papal resid5cy1 :5 ! ,ca!dral 0 n only ecclesia/ically important1 b ar*itecturally 9 its be/ & pure/ =m4 ,?is *ur*1 :i* ,clem5t ,v f\nd on 8 removal to ,avignon1 & :i* may /ill be easily trac$1 0 ( ! simple1 primitive ,prov5cal /yle4 ,no dates ( t p]iod are suffici5tly accurate to rely ^u2 b its int]e/ lies n s mu* 9 *ronology z 9 its portrayal ( ! g5]al type4 ,! int]ior is ! usual little hall *ur* ( ! ,,xi c5tury1 ) its aisle-less nave ( five bays1 & pla9 pi]s support+ a tunnell$ ro(1 ) d\ble vault ar*es4 ,beyond ! la/ bay1 ov] ! *oir1 is ! ,ca!dral's octagonal dome1 & f ! r\nd$ w9d[s ( its lant]n comes mu* ( ! light ( ! int]ior1 :i* is sombre & )\t o!r w9d[s ( importance4 ,! facade is ar*itecturally "o ( ! mo/ significant p>ts ( ! *ur*4 ,above ! portal ! wall is support$ on ei!r side by pla9 heavy buttresses1 & directly cont9u$ by ! solid bulk ( ! t[]4 ,9 #adca ?is t[] replac$ ! orig9al "o :i* fell 9 ! e>?quake ( #adje4 ,x is conjecturally simil>1 a heavy rectangle :i* q ov]weighs ! *ur*2 pla91 ) its /iff pila/]s & two /ories ( r\nd$ w9d[s2 )\t grace or prop] proportion1 b pleas+ by ! unblemi%$ sev]ity ( its l9es4 ,above ! balu/rade ) :i* ! t[] may be prop]ly said to t]m9ate1 ! religi\s art ( ! ,,xix c5tury has erect$ z its contribution to ! ,ca!dral a s]ies ( /eps1 an octagon1 & a colossal1 mal-proportion$ /atue ( ! ,virg94 ,^! additions are inh>moni\s2 & ! f9e/ "p ( ! facade is ! por*1 s classic 9 detail t x 0 =m]ly suppos$ to be ,roman1 a "w ( ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e4 ,l ! re/ ( ! *ur*1 its g5]al /ructure is pla9 & some:at sev]e1 ) small1 ri*ly c>v$ details1 9 ?is in/ance closely ,cor9?ian4 ,! r\nd$ portal ( entrance is an entablature1 enclos$ z x 7 by two support+ columns2 & above1 9 ! po9t$ p$im5t1 is a circul> op5+ curi\sly =e%ad[+ t magnific5t developm5t ( ! ,nor?--! rose-w9d[4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! ve/ibule1 ^: tunnel-vault supports ! t[]1 ! m9or portal appe>s1 almo/ a replica ( ! out] door1 & ! :ole =ms an unusual mode ( entrance1 graceful 9 detail1 pond]\s 9 g5]al effect4 ,f> beh9d ! t[] ( ! facade rises ! la/ significant feature ( ! ext]ior1 ! little lant]n4 ,x is an octagon ) ,doric & ,cor9?ian motifs1 cont9u+ ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( ! int]ior1 & exce$+ly typical ( ,prov5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,por* ,,s ,,classic ,,9 ,,detail4--,,avignon4 ,f an old pr9t4 ,into ?is *ur*1 ) its few1 unusually classic details1 its ,prov5cal simplicity1 its v mode/ size & pla9ness1 ! munific5ce ( papal pomp 0 introduc$4 ,?is 0 9 #acjh1 an era ( papal /orm & /ress4 ,n t5 ye>s be=e1 ,boniface ,,viii1 ) ! tradition ( ,canossa spurr+ 8 haughty ambitions1 _h laun*$ a bull aga9/ ,philip ,,iii1 :om he knew to be a bad k+ & :om he 0 to f9d an equally bad1 rebelli\s ,*ri/ian4 ,god1 said ! ,prelate1 f ,rome1 has con/itut$ u1 ?\gh unwor?y1 above k+s & k+doms1 to seize1 de/roy1 disp]se1 build1 & plant 9 ,8 "n & by ,8 doctr9e4 ,!re=e1 d n p]suade ?yself t ?\ ha/ no sup]ior1 & t ?\ art n subject to ! head ( ! ecclesia/ical hi]>*y2 he :o ?9ks ?us is ins5sate1 he :o ma9ta9s x is infidel4 ,pa/ inde$ 0 ! "t ( ,h5ry ( ,g]many1 long pa/ ! pr\d day :5 a ,pope receiv$ an ,emp]or :o knelt & wait$ 9 ! sn[4 ,philip burn$ ! ,bull2 & to prev5t o!r l fulm9ations1 s5t an ag5t into ,italy4 ,ga!r+ a b&1 he f\nd ! ag$ ,pontiff at ,anagni1 8 bir?place1 seat$ on a ?rone1 cr[n$ ) ! triple cr[n1 ! ,cross 9 "o h& & 9 ! o!r ,sa9t ,pet]'s ,keys1 ! t]rible ,keys ( ,heav5 & ,hell4 ,!y call$ on him to abdicate1 b ,boniface ?\ght ( ,*ri/ 8 ,"l1 & cri$ out 9 defiant answ]1 ,"h is my neck1 "h is my head4 ,betray$ l ,jesus ,*ri/1 if ,i mu/ die l him1 ,i w at lea/ die ,pope4 ,= reply1 ,sci>ra ,colonna1 "o ( 8 own ,roman ,c\nts1 /ruck him 9 ! face4 ,buffet$ by a noble1 & op5ly defi$ by a k+1 ,boniface di$ ( %ame & ang]4 ,a mon? lat]1 ?is same k+ rejoic$1 if no?+ m1 at ! dea? ( ! ,pope's successor2 & 9 ! d>k =e/s ( ,sa9t-,jean-d',angely1 ,philip b>ga9$ & sold ! great ,ti>a to a ,gascon ,ar*bi%op :o1 if ,villani speaks truly1 ?rew himself at ! royal feet1 say+1 ',x is = !e to comm& & = me to obey2 su* w ev] be my disposition6' ,z 0 n unnatural1 ! w ( ! ,fr5* k+ 0 t ! ,pope %\ld rema9 )9 ! zone ( royal influ5ce4 ,s ,clem5t liv$ at ,bordeaux & at ,poiti]s1 & f9ally retir$ to ! ,c\nty ( ,v5aiss9 :i* ! ,holy ,see possess$ by "r1 & e/abli%$ ! pontifical c\rt at ,avignon4 ,?is transf] ( ! papal resid5ce to ,avignon has left _m & deep traces on ! hi/ory ( ,fr5* ,ca?olicism4 ,! ,holy ,see 0 no long] f> remote2 ! ,fr5* ecclesia/ic desir\s ( promotion _h no dang]\s m\nta9s to trav]se1 no /range city to ent]1 no =eign ,pontiff to besiege1 ignorant or indiff]5t to 8 claims4 ,! next successor ( ,sa9t ,pet] w\ld logically be a ,fr5*man1 & !re 0 n only a possibility1 b a probability = e man ( note1 t he might be ei!r ! occupant ( ! ,sacr$ ,*air or its fav\r$ support]4 ,s ,avignon became a city ( prie/s z ,rome _h be5 be=e h]2 & z ,france 0 ! ri*e/ c\ntry 9 ,europe & ! ,*ur* regally weal?y1 spl5d\r1 luxury1 & con/ant religi\s spectacles rejoic$ ! city1 & ,bi%op1 ,ar*bi%op1 & ,abbot1 braz5ly neglect+ ! duties ( _! ,sees1 liv$ "h & 7 seldom 9 resid5ce4 ,e "o _h a secret ambition4 ,( su* a situation1 ! ,popes 7 n sl[ to reap ! b5efits4 ,diff]5ce ( weal?1 :i* br\ght diff]5ce ( position1 c\nt$ mu* & 0 ke5ly felt4 ,abbots ( small] mona/]ies f\nd !mselves inf]ior to ,bi%ops1 especially 9 fre$om f papal int]f]5ce2 :ile f ! inh]5t weal? & p[] ( _! f\ndations1 ! heads ( ! great mona/]ies rank$ sometimes ) ,ar*bi%ops1 sometimes ev5 ) ,c>d9als4 ,! ,pope _h ! "r to elevate an ,abbey or a ,priory into a ,bi%opric1 & ^? :o c\ld (f] ! gratification or ! provocative1 might reasonably hope = ! desir$ elevation :i* at once increas$ _! local importance1 belittl$ a neighb\r+ diocese1 & fre$ !m to "s ext5t f ! direct int]m$dl+ ( ! ,pope4 ,! applications = su* an increase ( p[] became num]\s1 & by #acbj a numb] ( ,b5$ict9e ,abbeys _h be5 made ,bi%oprics4 ,_! creation greatly decreas$ ! direct & intimate p[] ( ! ,papacy1 b tempor>ily increas$ ! papal treasury2 & ,john ,,xxii1 :o left t5 million pieces ( silv] & fifte5 million 9 gold ) 8 ,flor5t9e bank]s1 seems to h ?\ght philosophically1 ,aft] u1 ! deluge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre-,,dame-,,des-,,doms4--,,avignon ,ano!r fav\rite diplomatic & f9ancial device1 :i* 0 inv5t$ by ^! fam\s ,popes ( ,avignon1 0 ! sy/em ( ! ,comm5de1 :i* enabl$ relatives ( nobles & all ^? :om x 0 desirable to placate1 n alone ecclesia/ics1 b m]e laym5 & bloody b>ons1 to become ,comm5datory ,abbots or ,comm5datory ,priors1 & to receive at lea/ "o-?ird ( ! mona/]y's rev5ues1 )\t be+ 9 any way responsible = ! mona/]y's welf>e4 ,?is c>e 0 left to a ,prior or a ,sub-prior1 a sort ( cl]ical adm9i/rator :o1 crippl$ 9 means & 9 influ5ce1 0 sometimes unable1 sometimes unwill+1 to c>ry out ! duties & b5efic5ces ( pa/ ages1 & :o 0 always ! victim ( a great inju/ice4 ,! dep?s ( uselessness to :i* ?is infam\s practice r$uc$ mona/ic e/abli%m5ts may be inf]r$1 :5 x is rememb]$ t be=e ! ,,xviii c5tury ! fam\s ,abbey ( ,la ,baume _h _h ?irte5 ,comm5datory ,abbots1 & t ! ba/>ds ( ,l\is ,,xiv 7 ,comm5datory ,priors 9 _! infancy4 ,! ,popes f\nd ! ,comm5de useful1 n only z a means ( income1 b z a me?od--at once secure & lucrative--( ga9+ to _! cause ! great feudal lords ( ,france1 & mak+ ! p[] ( ^! lords an add$ buff]1 z x 71 betwe5 ,avignon & ! grasp+ might ( ! ,fr5* ,k+s4 ,= al?\gh ! ,popes 7 "u ! special protection ( ! ,k+s1 x 0 z %eep "u ! special protection ( a %e>]1 & !y f\nd t !y mu/ protect !mselves aga9/ a too special & royal fleec+4 ,= !y did n always agree t-- ',tis z goodly a mat* z mat* c be ,to m>ry ! ,*ur* & ! fleur-de-lis ,%\ld ei!r mate a-/ray+ g1 ,!n ea*--too late--w own 'twas s4' ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,philip ,,! ,,fair4--,,vill5euve-,,les-,,avignon4 ,haunt$ by ! humiliation ( _! heav5-s5t p[]1 cag$ 9 ,babyloni% captivity1 x is conceivable t ! ,popes 7 too occupi$ or1 p]haps too di/ract$1 to object to ! unsuitable mode/y ( ,notre-,dame-des-,doms4 ,:5 a ,pope swept =? f 8 ,ca!dral1 new-cr[n$1 to give urbis et orbi 8 fir/ pontifical b5$iction1 8 eye glanc$1 x is true1 on ! cr[ds pro/rate be=e him1 be=e ! *ur*1 aw$ & brea?less2 b x fell l+]+ly--x 0 irresi/ibly drawn--across ! swift ,rhone to ! t[n ( ! k+s :o _h defi$ 8 p[]1 to ! royal city ( ,vill5euve1 & to ! /rong t[] ( ,philip ! ,fair1 /&+ pr\dly 9 ! sunlight4 ,w\ld x be ?\ght /range if _! ?\ghts w&]$1 or if ! portraits ( ! ,fr5* ,popes :i* hang ab\t ! ,ca!dral walls at ,avignon1 %[ m worldly preoccupation ?an is becom+ to ! successors ( ,sa9t ,pet] & ,vic>s ( ,*ri/8 ,little inde$ 9 ! days ( _! resid5cy did ! ,popes add to ,notre-,dame-des-,doms4 ,a fragile1 sl5d] m>vel ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 ! tomb ( ,john ,,xxii1 0 plac$ 9 ! nave be=e ! alt>2 & a monum5t to ,b5$ict ,,xii 0 rais$ 9 ! *ur*4 ,b _! ,hol9esses incit$ o!rs 9 ,avignon to good works s successfully t ,rabelais laugh+ly call$ x ! ,r++ city ( *ur*es1 conv5ts1 & mona/]ies4 ,! bells ( ,sa9t-,pi]re1 ,sa9t-,symphori51 ,sa9t-,agricol1 ,sa9te-,claire1 & ,sa9t-,didi] *im$ ) ^? ( *apels & religi\s f\ndations2 ! ,grey ,p5it5ts1 ,black ,p5it5ts1 & ,:ite ,p5it5ts1 prie/s1 & nuns walk$ ! /reets1 & ,avignon grew truly papal4 ,clem5t ,v & 8 successors proce$$ to ! safegu>d+ ( _! temporal welf>e 9 truly noble fa%ion2 & sc>cely fifty ye>s lat] !y _h become s well pleas$ ) _! new resid5ce t ! magnific5t ,clem5t ,,vi refus$ to leave 9 spite ( ! supplications ( ,petr>* & ,ri5zi & a :ole deputation ( ,romans4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ?is ,pontiff1 ! ,papal ,c\rt became "o ( ! gaye/ 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,clem5t 0 frankly1 joy\sly voluptu\s2 & 8 life seems "o mov+ pageant 9 :i* luxuri\s banquets1 beautiful wom51 & ecclesia/ical pomps succe$$ ea* o!r4 ,! lovely ,c\ntess ( ,tur5ne sold 8 pref]m5ts & b5efices1 ! imm5se treasure ( ,john ,,xxii 0 81 & he %[]$ su* b5efits on a grateful family t ( ! five ,c>d9als :o accompani$ 8 corpse f ,avignon1 "o 0 8 bro!r1 "o 8 c\s91 & ?ree 8 nephews2 & t ! ,hugu5ots :o violat$ 8 tomb at ,la-,*aise-,dieu1 %\ld h us$ 8 skull z a w9e-cup1 seems an horrible1 b n an unfitt+ mock]y4 ,x 0 9 va9 t ,petr>* hotly wrote1 ! ,pope keeps ! ,*ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 %ameful exile4 ,! desire = return to ,rome _h pass$4 ,avignon 0 n an orig9al nor a pl5>y possession ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs1 b ! faire/ inh]itance ( ! ,b]5g]s1 & x 0 f t family t half ( ! city _h to be wre/$--or obta9$4 ,n[ ! lords ( ,prov5ce 7 ,k+s ( ,naples & ,sicily1 & !re=e vassals ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,= :5 ! ,normans took ^! ,s\!rn /ates f ! ,greeks & !reby incurr$ ! jeal\sy ( all ,italy1 !y _h w>ily plac$ !mselves "u ! protection ( ! ,pope & agre$ to hold _! new possessions z a papal inve/iture4 ,x happ5$ at ?is "t t ! vassal ( ! ,pope 9 ,naples & 9 ,sicily 0 ! beaute\s ,re9o ,joanno1 ! heiress ( ,prov5ce4 ,:at %e 0 no writ] c\ld describe 9 bett] words ?an ^!1 ) extreme beauty1 ) y\? t does n fade1 r$ hair t holds ! sunlight 9 its tangles1 a sweet voice1 poetic gifts1 regal p]emptor9ess1 a ,gallic wit1 g5u9e magnanimity1 & rhapsodical piety1 ) /range indecorum & bluntness ( feel+ "u ! extremes ( spl5d\r & mis]y1 j su* a lovely1 p]v]se1 bewild]+ woman 0 %e1 great gr&daught] ( ,raymond-,b]5g]1 f\r? ,c\nt ( ,prov5ce1--! pupil ( ,boccaccio1 ! fri5d ( ,petr>*1 ! enemy ( ,sa9t ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a1 ! mo/ dang]\s & mo/ dazzl+ woman ( ! ,,xiv c5tury4 ,s typically ,prov5cal 0 ?is ,que5's nature1 t _h %e liv$ "s c5turies lat]1 %e might h be5 ,mirabeau's si/]4 ,! same 't]rible gift ( famili>ity1' ! same tal5t ( f9d+ fav\r & sway+ popul> assemblages1 ! same s5su\sness1 bold c\rage1 & great g5]osity 7 f\nd 9 ?is e>ly orphan$1 ?rice wid[$ heiress ( ,prov5ce4 ,to ?is day1 ! memory ( ! ,re9o ,joanno lives 9 h] native l&1 associat$ ) numb]s ( t[]s & =tresses1 ! /yle ( ^: ar*itecture atte/s _! orig9 "u h] reign4 ,x says mu* = h] p]sonal fasc9ations t f> f be+ ei!r curs$ or blam$ %e is /ill rememb]$ & prais$4 ,! ru9s ( ,gremaud1 ,t\r ,dra9mont1 ( ,guillaumes1 & a ca/le ne> ,roccasp]v]a1 all be> h] "n3 at ,draguignan & ,flagose1 !y tell y h] canal has suppli$ ! t[n ) wat] = g5]ations3 9 ! ,e/]els1 ! peasants :o got free grants ( l&1 /ill invoke _! b5efactress4 ,at ,sa9t-,valli]1 %e is bless$ because %e protect$ ! hamlet ne> ! ,siagne f ! oppression ( ! ,*apt]s ( ,grasse & ,l]9s4 ,at ,aix & ,avignon h] fame is undy+ because %e dispell$ "s robb]-b&s2 at ,m>seilles %e is popul> because %e modifi$ & settl$ ! jurisdiction ( ,visc\nts & ,bi%ops4 ,g up to ,grasse & 9 ! big squ>e :]e ! trees ?r[ a flick]+ %ad[ ov] ! /reet-trad]s1 y w see built 9 a vault$ passage a flight ( /one /eps1 /eps :i* e b>efoot *ild w tell y belong to ! palace ( ',la ,re9o ,joanno4' ,walls h be5 alt]$1 gates h disappe>$1 b d[n ^? "t-worn /eps once pac$ ! liege lady ( ,prov5ce1 ! incomp>able 'fair mis*ief' ^: guilt 444 mu/ ev] rema9 "o ( ! enigmas ( hi/ory4 ,?is enigma has /range analogies to "o :i* has puzzl$ & impassion$ ! writ]s ( _m g5]ations1 ! my/]y ( t o!r fair mis*ief ( a lat] c5tury1 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots4 ,l ,m>y1 ,jeanne 0 accus$ ( ! murd] ( h] "y husb&1 & be+ press$ by ! v5geance ( 8 bro!r--no less a p]son ?an ! ,k+ ( ,hung>y1--%e decid$ to retreat to h] native ,prov5ce & appeal to ! ,pope1 h] gallant & n ov]-scrupul\s suz]a94 ,jeanne l&$ at ,pon*ettes1 cont9ues ! writ] :o has s happily describ$ h]1 & ! consuls came to assure h] ( _! devotion4 ',i come1' repli$ ! heiress1 ^: wit always sugge/$ a happy phrase1 'to ask = y\r he>ts & no?+ b y\r he>ts4' ,z %e did n allude to h] debts1 ! populace ?rew up _! caps2 ! ,pr9ce de ,monaco1 j cur$ ( 8 w\nd at ,crecy1 plac$ 8 sword at h] s]vice2 & ! ,b>on de ,b5il1 r$-h&$ f a cruel murd]1 bes\ght h] patronage :i*1 p]haps f a fell[-feel+1 %e promis$ ) great alacrity4 ,at ,grasse %e won all he>ts & made _m m promises1 & f9ally1 arriv+ at ,avignon1 %e f\nd ,clem5t covet\s ( ! city & well-dispos$ to h]4 ,yet morality oblig$ him to ask an explanation ( h] rec5t *ange ( husb&s1 & be=e ?ree ,c>d9als1 :om he appo9t$ to be h] judges1 ! ,que5 plead$ h] own cause4 ,n a blu% t+$ h] *eek1 no tremor alt]$ h] melodi\s voice z %e /ood be=e ! r$-rob$ ,pr9ces ( ! ,*ur* & n>rat$1 9 flu5t ,lat91 ! /ory ( ! assass9ation ( ,&rew1 ! dea? ( h] *ild1 & h] m>riage ) ! murd]]1 ,l\is ( ,t>5to1 :o /ood by h] side4 ,! wily ,pope not$ beh9d h] ! pr\d ,prov5cal nobles1 ! ,vill5euves & d',ag\lts1 ! de ,baux & ! ,lesc>is1 :o br\ght ! fealty ( ! hill-c\ntry1 & :o did n "k t1 hav+ already sold h] jewels to ! ,jews1 _! fair ,que5 0 cov5ant+ ) ! ,pope = ,avignon4 ,! =mal trial end$1 ! ,pontiff solemnly decl>$ ! ,que5 to be guiltless1--& %e grant$ him ! city = eighty ?\s& pieces ( gold4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,palace4--,,avignon4 ,clem5t enjoy$ own]%ip 9 ! same agreeable mann] z 8 pr$ecessors1 )\t ! unty+ ( purse-/r+s4 ,p]haps he us$ ! purse's cont5ts = ! m press+ claim ( ! great ,palace ( :i* he built s l>ge a "p2 p]haps he h&$ x1 /ill fill$1 to ,innoc5t ,,vi :o built ! fam\s =tifications ( ,avignon & protect$ himself aga9/ ! m>aud+ ,:ite ,companies1 p]haps x 0 /ill unt\*$ :5 ,b]tr& du ,guescl9 & 8 ,gr& ,company /ood be=e ! gate & dem&$ b5$iction1 absolution1 & two hundr$ ?\s& p\nds4 ,:at6 ! ,pope is said to h cri$1 mu/ we give absolution1 :i* "h 9 ,avignon is paid =1 & !n give money too--x is contr>y to reason6 ,du ,guescl9 repli$ to ! be>] ( ^! words1 ,"h are _m :o c>e little = absolution1 & mu* = money1--& ,urban yield$4 ,gregory ,,xi1 ! la/ ( ! ,fr5* ,popes1 return$ to ,rome1 & at 8 dea? ! ,great ,s*ism foll[$2--,clem5t ,,vii1 9 ,avignon1 0 recognis$ by ,france1 ,spa91 ,scotl&1 ,sicily1 & ,cyprus2 ,urban ,,vi1 9 ,rome1 by ,italy1 ,au/ria1 & ,engl&4 ,! ,c\nty ,v5aiss9 0 ravag$ by w>s & ! pe/s t come 9 _! tra94 ,at l5g? ! ,avignonnais1 :o _h n enjoy$ great] peace "u _! ano9t$ rul]s ?an "u worldl+ ,c\nts1 rose aga9/ ,pi]re de ,luna1 ! ,anti-pope ,b5$ict ,,xiii1 :o fl$4 ,f t "t no ,pontiff ent]$ ! gates1 & ! city 0 adm9i/]$ by papal legates4 ,9 lat] days1 9 spite ( ! sacr$ "* ( its rul]s & 8 own und\bt$ or?odoxy1 ,l\is ,,xiv seiz$ ,avignon sev]al times2 & ,l\is ,,xv1 9 unfilial v5geance = ! excommunication ( ! ,duke ( ,p>ma1 took possession ( ! city4 ,b x 0 n until aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 9 #agia1 t ! ,avignonnais !mselves arose1 *as$ ! ,vice-,legate ( ! ,pope f ! city1 & appeal$ = union ) ,france2 & x 0 at ?is p]iod t ! ,*apel ( ,sa9te-,m>!1 ! ,cloi/]1 & ! ,*apt] ,h\se 7 swept away4 ,?us end$ ! temporal p[] ( ! ,papacy 9 ,france1 plann$ = worldly pr(it & c>ri$ out ) _m sordid compromises2--a resid5cy unnot$ = great de$s or noble int5tions & ^: close m>k$ ! ,great ,s*ism4 ,to-day papal ,avignon is become ,fr5* ,avignon1 a pleasant city :]e ! ,prov5cal sun is hot & :]e ! ,mi/ral :i/les m]rily4 ,above ! banks ( ! ,rhone ! simple ,ca!dral /&s1 ) its prie/s /ill g>b$ 9 papal r$1 its ,ho/ /ill c>ri$ "u ! :ite papal panoply4 ,"h also is ! great ,palace ( ! ,popes1 :i* is inde$1 says ,froiss>t1 ! /ronge/ & mo/ magnific5t h\se 9 ! _w4 ,& yet its grim walls sugge/ nei!r peace nor re/2 & to him :o recalls1 ?is great1 impressive pile tells nei!r ( glories nor ( triumphs4 ,b&s ( unbeliev+ ,pa/\reaux m>*$ t[>d x2 soldi]s ( ! ,:ite ,companies & soldi]s ( du ,guescl9 gaz$ mock+ly at x2 x 0 ! prison ( ,ri5zi1 & ! home ( ! h>ass$ ,popes :o _h ev] be=e !m1 j across ! riv]1 ! m5ac+ t[] ( t fair k+ :o _h l$ !m into ,babyloni% captivity4 ,sid5ote3 ,vaison4 ,on ! banks ( a pleasant little riv] among ! ,prov5cal hills is ,vaison1 "o ( ! anci5t ,gallic t[ns :i* became entirely romanis$2 & _m illu/ri\s families ( ! ,empire _h summ] villas !re z at ,arles & ,orange4 ,b>b>ians ( "o epo* or ano!r h deva/at$ ,vaison ( all h] antique treasures1 except ! rema9s ( an ,amphi!atre on ! ,puym9 ,hill4 ,g]manic tribes :o swoop$ d[n 9 e>ly c5turies de/roy$ h] villas & h] great] build+s2 & v&als ( a lat] day h scatt]$ h] sculptures & h] tablets "h & !re4 ,"s are 9 ! gall]ies ( ,avignon2 a ,belus1 ! only "o f\nd 9 ,france1 0 s5t to ! ,museum ( ,sa9t-,g]ma92 & 9 ! multitude ( treasures 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! mo/ beautiful ( all h] /atues1 a ,diadum5us1 is arti/ically lo/4 ,9 ! days :5 x /ill adorn$ ! city1 dur+ ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,galli5us1 ,vaison 0 *ri/ianis$ by ,sa9t ,ruf1 h] ,bi%opric 0 f\nd$1 & 9 #ccg ! fir/ ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ! ,*ur* held 9 ,gaul assembl$ "h4 ,ano!r ,c\ncil 9 ! ,v c5tury1 & /ill ano!r 9 ! ,,vi1 are pro( ( h] cont9u$ importance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,on ,,! ,,banks ,,( ,a ,,pleasant ,,little ,,riv] ,,is ,,vaison4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ru9$ ,,ca/le ,,( ,,! ,,c\nts ,,( ,,t\l\se4--,,vaison4 ,among ! fir/ ( ,gallo-,roman cities1 %e 0 also among ! fir/ to suff]4 ,*rocus & 8 horde :o sack$ ,orange1 seiz$ h] ,bi%op & murd]$ him2 & ,ala9s1 ,v&als1 & ,burgundians1 foll[+ 9 _! wake1 br\ght disa/] aft] disa/] to ! cities ly+ ne> ! ,rhone4 ,vaison1 by miracle1 did n lose h] pre/ige4 ,9 ! ,x & ,,xi c5turies %e built h] f9e ,ca!dral ) its ,cloi/]s1 & 9 #aagi %e 0 /ill great en\gh to excite ! covet\sness ( ,raymond ,,vi1 ,c\nt ( ,t\l\se4 ,?is magnific5t & ambiti\s pr9ce built a ca/le on a height above ! city1 & z he _h be=e t]roris$ my ,"l ,bi%op ( ,c>p5tras1 s n[ he seiz$ ! ano9t$ p]son ( ,b]5g] de ,reilhane1 :o 0 n only ,vaison's ,bi%op1 b h] temporal pr9ce z well4 ,b]5g] 0 a suffici5tly p[]ful p]sonage to make an outcry :i* re-e*o$ ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom2 ! ,pope & ! ,emp]or came to 8 aid2 & 9 ! ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,sa9t-,gilles-du-,g>d1 ,raymond ,,vi did solemn p5ance1 &1 be=e receiv+ absolution1 0 publicly /ruck by ! ,papal ,legate ) a bundle ( bir* rods4 ,above ! ,bi%op's ,palace ! great ca/le /ill loom$ 9 m5ace1 b on t day ,b]5g] de ,reilhane triumph$ & ,vaison 0 at peace4 ,x 0 a peace :i* presag$ h] quiet1 unev5tful d[nfall4 ,= o!r int]e/s 7 gr[+ /rong] 9 ! c\ntry1 o!r cities grew :]e %e /ood /ill1 & 9 ! ,,xiv c5tury1 :5 ,avignon became ! seat ( papal p[]1 ,vaison _h pass$ f ! _w's hi/ory4 ,h] ,bi%opric endur$ till #ahja1 b h] do+s are wor?y only ( prov9cial *ronicles & to-day %e is b a little c\ntry t[n1 s]v$ by ! /age-coa*4 ,%e /ill lies on bo? banks ( ! riv]2 ! high city1 ) long r[s ( des]t$ h\ses1 climbs ! side ( ! /eep hill & is dom9at$ by ! ru9s ( ! great ca/le1 :i* ,ri*elieu de/roy$4 ,! l[] city1 :i* is ! busi] ( ! two1 lies on ! opposite bank2 & on its outskirts1 9 a little g>d5-close1 almo/ surr\nd$ by ! fields1 is ! ,ca!dral1--solit>y1 lonely1 & old4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,:ole ,,apse-,,end4--,,vaison4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,s\? ,,wall ,,:i* ,,is ,,cle>ly ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,road4--,,vaison4 ,! decoration ( ! ext]ior is slight1 a d5til$ cornice & a graceful foliat$ frieze ext5d along ! top ( ! side-walls1 :i* al?\gh mo/ pla9ly built1 are f> f be+ sev]ely angul> or gaunt & h a qua9t & pleas+ h>mony ( l9e4 ,! we/ front is s featureless t x sc>cely des]ves ! title ( facade4 ,! s\? wall1 :i* is cle>ly se5 f ! road1 has a small portal & pla9 buttresses t slope at ! top4 ,! c5tral apse is rectangul> & heavy1 ! little s\!rn apse is %ort & r\nd1 & t ( ! nor? is tall & ?9 z a pepp]-box4 ,beh9d !m rise ! po9t$ ro( ( ! nave & ! heavy t[]4 ,! :ole apse-end is con/ruct$ 9 mo/ picturesque irregul>ity1 & ! new r$ ( ! ro(-tiles & sombre grey ( ! old /one add greatly to its *>m4 ,unlike _m *ur*es ( its p]iod ,notre-,dame ( ,vaison is ?ree-aisl$4 ,sl5d]1 n>r[ naves1 ^: tunnel vaults are n extremely l(ty1 end 9 small circul> apses4 ,! nave is a %ort "o ( ?ree irregul> bays1 & ov] ! la/1 :i* prec$es ! *oir1 is ! little eight-sid$ dome1 :i* in/ead ( project+ above ! ro( is curi\sly plac$ a little l[] ?an ! tunnel vault+ ( ! o!r bays4 ,! ,high ,alt>1 :i* orig9ally belong$ to an old] *ur*1 is well plac$ 9 ! simple *oir2 = x belongs 9 /yle1 if n 9 actual fact1 to ! fir/ c5turies ( ! ,fai?2 & 9 ! semi-d>kness beh9d ! alt>1 ! old episcopal ?rone /ill /&s aga9/ ! apse's wall1 9 memory ( ! cu/om ( ! ,*ur*'s e>ly days4 ,! l[ ar*es ( ! aisles1 ! dim light+ ( ! *ur*1 its simple ornam5ts ( classic b&s & little capitals1 its slight irregul>ities ( =m & c>v+s1 make an int]ior ( f9e & /rong antique simplicity4 ,a little door 9 ! nor? wall leads to ! ,cloi/]s1 :i* are happily 9 a /ate ( complete re/oration1 & n z a mod]n writ] has describ$ !m1 practically a ru94 ,! wall :i* ov]looks !m has an inscription t adjures ! ,canons to be> ) pati5ce ! nor? aspect ( _! cells4 ,! %ort walks h tunnel vaults ) cross-vaults 9 ! corn]s & 9 p>ts ( ! nor? aisle4 ,great pi]s & small1 firm columns support ! out] ar*es2 & on ! ext]ior ( ! ,cloi/] ! little ar*es ( ! columns are enclos$ 9 a l>ge r\nd ar*4 ,_m ( ! capitals are unc>v$1 "s ( ! pi]s h appli$ columns1 b _m are ornam5t$ 9 /raight cut l9es4 ,on "o side1 two bays op5 to ! gr\nd1 =m+ an entrance-way into ! pretty close1 :]e ! bu%y tops ( a few tall trees ca/ flick]+ %ad[s on ! surr\nd+ walls & ! little grassy squ>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,bays ,,op5 ,,to ,,! ,,gr\nd4--,,vaison4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,pi]s ,,& ,,small ,,firm ,,columns4--,,vaison4 ,! ,cloi/] is small & simple 9 its r heavy grace4 ,noise & unre/ seem f> f x1 & und]nea? its solid r\nd$ vault is peace & %elt] f ! _w4 ,& 9 its firm solidity ( ar*itecture !re is ! _s ( a p]fect quiet1 a tranquil *>m :i* mu/ ins5sibly h calm$ _m a re/less _s t *af$ b5ea? ! *ur*ly frock1 & fl$ )9 its walls = refuge & = helpful m$itation4 ,few ,prov5cal ,ca!drals h ! int]e/ ( ,vaison & its ,cloi/]4 ,ly+ 9 ! =gott5 valley ( ! ,ouveze1 9 an old-fa%ion$ t[n1 all its surr\nd+s speak ( ! pa/ & its atmosph]e is q unspoil$4 ,! *ur* itself has be5 sp>$ deg5]at+ re/orations2 & al?\gh x has no sumptu\sness z at ,m>seilles1 no gr&eur z at ,arles1 no /irr+ hi/ory z ! *ur*es t lay ne> ! sea1 al?\gh x is "o ( ! smalle/ & mo/ v5]able ( !m all1 no ,ca!dral ( ! ,s\?l& has s great an ar*itectural dignity & m]it ) s anci5t & s qua9t a *>m4 ,sid5ote3 ,arles4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! weal? ( antique ru9s1 ne> ! ,!atre1 ! ,coliseum1 & ! ,=um ( ?is little ,rome ( ! ,gauls1 /&s a noble monum5t ( ! rud] ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,ca!dral1 ,sa9t-,trophime4 ,"h ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 apo/le to ,engl&1 0 consecrat$2 "h ?ree ,g5]al ,c\ncils ( ! ,*ur* 7 held1 "h ! ,donati/s 7 doom$ to ev]la/+ fire1 & "h ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 f 8 summ] palace on ! ,rhone1 mu/ h come to assi/ at ,mass4 ,! build+ 9 :i* ^! solemn sc5es ( ! e>ly ,*ur* 7 enact$ soon disappe>$ & 0 replac$ by ! pres5t "o ^: old] walls ,revoil attributes to ! ,,ix c5tury4 ,! pres5t ,ca!dral's fir/ docum5t>y date is #aaeb1 9 ! era ( ! ,republic ( ,arles4 ,! "n ( ,sa9t-,eti5ne 0 *ang$1 & ! body ( ,sa9t-,trophime1 c>ri$ 9 /ate f ! ru9$ ,*ur* ( ! ,aliscamps1 0 buri$ "u a new alt> & he 0 solemnly proclaim$ ! ,patron ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ maje/ic *ur* 9 all ,prov5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,mid/ ,,( ,,! ,,weal? ,,( ,,antique ,,ru9s4--,,arles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,facade ,,( ,,sa9t-,,trophime4--,,arles4 ,ne>ly eight hundr$ ye>s lat] a travell] /ood be=e ! portal ( ?is *ur*4 ,9 ! mid/ ( 8 delight$ /udy he sudd5ly felt ! attraction ( a pair ( wat*ful eyes1 & turn$ to f9d a peasant woman gaz+ fix$ly at him4 ,9 h] /range fasc9ation %e _h plac$ beside h]1 on ! gr\nd1 two huge melons & a mammo? cabbage1 & h] wiz5$ h&s 7 fold$ be=e h]1 ,sunday-fa%ion4 ,%e 0 a little wit* ( a woman1 old & b5t & br[n4 ,yes1 my good g5tleman1 %e said1 ,i h be5 look+ at y1--five :ole m9utes ( ! clock1 & mu* good x has done me4 ,9 ^! days ( books & su* f9e le>n+ !re is n en\gh "t sp5t be=e our door2 & ,i :o pass by x e day1 ye> 91 ye> out1 ,i h wat*$ well1 & only two except y\rself h ev] /udi$ x4 ,! =eign]s come ) r$ books & look at !m m ?an at ! door itself1--!y /ay p]haps ?ree m9utes1 & g (f1 %ak+ _! wise heads4 ,our p1 pass+ e day1 see b a door1 a place = go+ 9 & com+ out4 ,%e paus$ = brea?4 ,& :at d y see8 ask$ ! travell]4 ,y ask me8 ,%e smil$ wisely4 ,b y "k1 s9ce y are /&+ "h & look+ too4 ,li/56 ,& h] old eyes began to gleam4 ,i'll tell y ( a "t be=e y 7 born4 ,i 0 a *ild !n2 & we m>*$ "h e ,sunday1 o!r little girls & myself1 & we /ood be=e ?is door4 ,& ! nuns--x 0 (t5 ,si/] ,m>y ,dolorosa--told u ! /ories ( ^! /ones4 ,see6 ,"h is ,our ,"l ,:o loves all mank9d1 b has to judge u too2--& !re is ,sa9t-,trophime4 ,b ,i _c read1 ,monsieur4 ,an old peasant woman has no "t = su* f9e ?+s1 & y w laugh at me = tell+ y :at y h 9 y\r books1--b ,i h !m all "h1 "h 9 my he>t1 & _m a "t ,i too come to refre% my old memory1 & to pray4 ,^? pictures tell great lessons to ^? t h eyes to see !m4 ,well1 well-a-day1 ,i mu/ pick up my melons & begone1 = ,i h tak5 up y\r "t & said too mu*4 ,b y w excuse x 9 an old woman :o is good = little else ?an talk+ n[4 ,!y p>t$ 9 true ,fr5* fa%ion1 ) expressions ( mutual e/eem1 & ! travell] turn$ to ! portal :i* 0 /ill fulfill+ its anci5t mission ( tea*+ & ( mak+ beautiful ! ,h\se ( ,god4 ,appli$ to a sev]e facade typical ( ! pla9ness ( ,prov5cal out] walls1 ?is is "o ( ! noble/ works ( ,m$iaevalism1 ! ri*e/ & mo/ beautiful portal ( ! ,s\? ( ,france2 & no o!rs 9 ! ,midi1 except ^? ( ,sa9t-,gilles-du-,g>d & ,moissac1 are wor?y ( comp>ison ) x4 ,9 boldness & intellectuality ( conception x excels _m ( ! nor!rn works & equals ! f9e/ ( !m4 ,= ! build] ( ! nor!rn portal seems to h held closely to "o ar*itectural =m1 ! beautiful conv5tion ( ! ,go?ic /yle2 & )9 t door he plac$1 9 a m or less usual way1 ! subjects :i* ! ,*ur* _h sanction$4 ,9 ne>ly e case ! treatm5t ( ! subject is subord9at$ to ! g5]al ar*itectural plan & symmetry4 ,at ,sa9t-,trophime !re 0 ! limit ( space1 ! axiom t a door mu/ be a door1 & d\btless _m all[able subjects4 ,b )9 ^! necess>y b\nds ! unkn[n sculptor recognis$ few conv5tionalities4 ,! usual place = ! portrayal ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 ! tympanum1 0 too small = 8 conception ( ! sc5e2 ! pi] t divides 8 door-way 0 n built to support ! /atue ( ! *ur*'s patron sa9t2 he _h a multitude ( fancies1 & in/ead ( curb+ !m 9 "s beautiful conv5tionality ( =m1 z "o feels great nor!rn build]s (t5 did1 ?is arti/ made a frame )9 :i* 8 ideas f\nd free play1 &1 =c+ conv5tionality to its w1 8 g5ius ju/ifi$ itself4 ,= n only is ! portal z a :ole1 full ( dignity & true symmetry1 b its details are ?\ghtfully work$ out4 ,!y %[1 ) ! old s*ola/ic =m ( 8 ,fai?1 ! grasp ( ! unkn[n ma/]'s m9d1 ! intellectuality ( 8 symbolism1 & few portals gr[ 9 fasc9ation z ?is "o1 few h s int]e/+ an orig9ality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"r ,,detail1 ,,portal4--,,arles4 ,9 design x is simple1 9 execution incomp>ably ri*4 ,! pr9cipal !me ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t has ,*ri/ seat$ on a ?rone z ! c5tral figure1 & ab\t him are ! symbols ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s4 ,?is is ! treatm5t ( ! tympanum4 ,und]nea?1 ,patri>*s1 ,sa9ts1 ,j1 & ,condemn$ =m ! beautiful frieze4 ,! ,apo/les are seat$2 & to _! left is an angel gu>d+ ! gates ( ,p>adise aga9/ two ,bi%ops & a cr[d ( laym5 :o h yet to fully expiate _! s9s 9 ,purgatory4 ,beh9d !m1 nak$1 ) _! feet 9 ! flames1 are ^? condemn$ to ev]la/+ ,hell2 & /ill beyond is a l[] dep? :]e s\ls are already half-consum$ 9 hide\s fires4 ,on ! ,apo/les' extreme "r is ! beg9n+ ( our human hi/ory1 ! ,temptation ( ,adam & ,eve2 & m>*+ t[>d ! holy m51 on ?is same side1 is ! long procession ( ^? ,r$eem$ f ,adam's fall1 clo!d 9 righte\sness4 ,an angel goes be=e !m1 & h&s a small *ild--a ransom$ s\l--to ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob4 ,! end panels treat ! la/ phases ( ! dom9ant !me2--a mammo? angel 9 ! "o weighs ! s\ls ( ! dead2 & an equally awe-inspir+ devil 9 ! o!r is prep>+ to ca/ two ( ! ,lo/ into a sea ( fire4 ,! rema9d] ( ! portal tells ( _m subjects1 & repres5ts mu* ( ! !ological symbolism ( its "t4 ,light1 graceful columns1 ) delicately foliat$ capitals & bases ri* ) mean+ sculptures1 divide ! l[] spaces into ni*es1 & 9 ^! ni*es /& /atues ( ,apo/les & ( ,sa9ts1 ea* hav+ 8 /ory1 ea* 8 peculi> attributes2 & ab\t ^! *ief figures are c>v$ ri* designs1 /range animals1 & numb]less %ort /ories ( ! ,bible4 ,above !re is a small1 subsidi>y frieze2 bel[1 ! p$e/als :i* tell ! tale ( ^? :o /& ^u !m4 ,! figures h life & mean+1 if n a true pla/icity2 & 9 ?is portal !re is in/ruction1 v>iety1 & maje/y1 weal? ( allegory & subtle symbols = ^? :o love religi\s my/]ies1 & spl5d\r ( sculpture = ^? :o come 9 se>* ( ,art4 ,!re are ^? to :om a simple beauty does n appeal4 ,aft] ! ri*ness ( ! portal's c>v+1 ! int]ior ( ,sa9t-,trophime is to !m f> too pla92 9 futile comp>ison ) ! ,cloi/]'s grace1 x is f\nd too sev]e2 & "o au?or has writt5 t only :5 ! refulg5ce ( a ,m$it]ranean sun glances ?r\gh a s]ies ( long lances1 444 !n & !n only does ! ,ca!dral ( ,sa9t-,trophime (f] any inducem5t to l+] )9 its non-impressive walls4 ,x may n be d5i$ t1 toge!r ) ne>ly all ! ,ca!drals ( ,prov5ce1 ?is int]ior has suff]$ f ! addition ( inh>moni\s /yles4 ,! mo/ s]i\s ( ^! is its ,go?ic *oir ( ! ,,xv c5tury1 :i* a c]ta9 ,c>d9al ,l\is ,allem& appli$ to ! n>r[] ,romanesque naves4 ,) irregul> ambulatory1 *apels ( v>i\s sizes1 & a g5]al incongruity ( plan1 ?is con/ruction has no ar*itectural importance except t ( a prom95t place 9 ! *ur*'s wor%ip4 ,! rema9+ excresc5ces1 ,go?ic *apels1 ,ionic pila/]s1 elliptical tribune1 & ! l1 are happily hidd5 along ! side aisles or 9 ! transepts2 & dur+ ! re/oration ( ,revoil ! naves 7 reliev$ ( ! disfigur+ improvem5ts ( ! ,,xvii c5tury1 & /& to-day 9 mu* ( _! f9e old simplicity4 ,beyond ! fif? bay1 & ris+ 9 ! t[]1 is ! dome ( dignifi$ ,prov5cal =m t re/s on ! l[] ar*es ( ! cross+4 ,small cl]e/ory w9d[s ca/ %eets ( pale light on ! pla9 pi]s1 rectangul> & heavy1 t rise to support a tunnel vault & divide ! *ur* into ?ree naves ( great & sl5d] height4 ,! /]n1 ascetic /yle ( ! ,,xi & ,,xii c5turies has giv5 ! nave pi]s m]e small1 pla9 b&s z capitals1 & = *ur*ly decoration has all[$ only a m\ld+ ( acan?us leaves plac$ high & unnotic$ at ! vault+'s base4 ,!re is no pleas+ detail & no *>m+ fancy2 b a f9e1 exquisite l(t9ess1 a faultless balance ( proportion1 are 9 ?is sev]e int]ior1 & its solemn & maje/ic beauty is n surpass$ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,romanesque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,left ,,detail1 ,,portal4--,,arles4 ,beyond ! s\? transept1 a %ort passage & a few /eps lead to ! ,cloi/]s1 ! mo/ fam\s ( ,prov5ce1 p]haps ( ,france4 ,l>ge1 graceful1 & magnific5t 9 weal? ( c>v+1 !y h yet none ( ! poetic *>ms t l+] ar\nd _m a small] ,cloi/]4 ,! vault+s are n m beautiful ?an o!r vaults less kn[n2 al?\gh !y h ! help ( ! great pi]s1 ! little1 sl5d] columns seem too light to support s mu* expanse ( ro(1 & ev5 ! *ur*'s t[]1 squ>e & high1 looks dw>f$ :5 se5 across ! close4 ,! v spaci\sness is solit>y1 & ! long vi/a ( ! walks conduces to vague wond]+s r ?an to peaceful h\rs ( ?\ght4 ,x has n ! dreamy solitude ( ,vaison1 nor ! bright beauty ( ,elne's little close1 nor any ( ! sunny *e]fulness t bright5s ! decay+ walls ( ,cahors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,cloi/]-,,ar*es4--,,arles4 ,! m>vel ( ^! ,cloi/]s is ! sculptur$ decorations ( _! pi]s & columns4 ,^? ( ! ,,xii c5tury are ! ri*e/1 b ea* ( ! lat] build]s seems to h vi$ z be/ he might1 9 weal? ( conception & 9 lavi%ness ( detail1 ) ^? :o w5t be=e1 &1 ev5 9 en=c$ re-build+1 ! addition ( ! ,go?ic to ! ,romanesque has n de/roy$ ! h>mony ( ! effect4 ,9 all ! sculptors' s*emes1 ! out] ( ! d\ble columns 7 giv5 foliat$ patt]ns or a few1 simple symbols1 & ! out] ( ! pi]s 7 *annell$ & conv5tionally cut2 & al?\gh ! fancy ( ! sculptor is m>vell\sly subtle & full ( grace1 8 greate/ art 0 res]v$ = ! capitals ( ! inn] columns & ! inn] faces ( ! pi]s1 :i* m$itat+ prie/s w\ld see & /udy4 ,! symbolism au?oris$ by ,holy ,*ur*1 ! hi/ory ( precursors ( ,our ,"l1 ! incid5ts ( ,8 life & ! m dramatic do+s ( ! ,sa9ts1 all ^! are c>v$ ) greate/ love ( detail & ( art2 & 9 !m ! lea/ ardu\s prie/ c\ld f9d !mes = a :ole ye> ( m$itation1 ! lea/ en?usia/ic ( travell]s1 a ?\s& qua9t & int]e/+ fancies & imag9ations4 ,x is n s mu* ! beauty ( ! :ole effect t is entranc+ 9 ^! ,cloi/]s1 nor t mo/ subtle influ5ce1 ! good or evil _s ( a pa/ :i* l+]s r\nd s _m anci5t spots1 z t m$iaeval ?\ght & m$iaeval g5ius t f\nd expression 9 ^! myriad f9e examples ( ! sculptor's art4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,nave ,,( ,,great ,,& ,,sl5d] ,,height4--,,arles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,beauty ,,( ,,! ,,:ole4--,,arles4 ,alex&re ,dumas has writt5 ( ,arles3 ,roman monum5ts =m ! soil2 & ab\t !m1 at _! feet1 9 _! %ad[1 9 _! crevasses1 a second ,go?ic city has sprung--"o kn[s n h[--by ! vegetative =ce ( ! religi\s civilisation ( ,sa9t ,l\is4 ,arles is ! ,mecca ( ar*aeologi/s4 ,x is also ! ,mecca ( ^? :o love to /udy p & cu/oms1 =1 9 spite ( ! railroad1 & ! consequ5t influx ( =eign ,fr5*1 x has pres]v$ ! old graeco-roman-s>ac5ic type :i* has made its beautiful wom5 s ju/ly fam\s1 &1 und]nea? its ,prov5cal gaieties1 _! classic orig9s may easily be trac$4 ,"o %\ld see ! ,roman ,!atre1 ! solit>y ,aliscamps1 by moonlight1 ! busy m>ket 9 ! e>ly day1 ! ,ca!dral at a ,mass1 & a fete at any "t1--= ,:5 ! fete-days come1 f>ewell ! swa? & lab\r1 ,& welcome revels und]nea? ! trees1 ,& orgies 9 ! vault$ ho/elries1 ,bull-bait+s1 nev]-end+ dances1 & sweet pleasures4 ,sid5ote3 ,entrevaux4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ =tifi$ t[n 9 ,france is ! ,cite ( ,c>cassonne1 yet1 ev5 9 ! days ( its practical /r5g?1 x 0 sc>cely a type4 ,x 0 r a m>vel1 a wond]1--! faire/ ,maid ( ,langu$oc1 ! ,inv9cible4 ,& n[ ! citadel is almo/ des]t$4 ,! inhabitants are s few t we$s gr[ 9 _! /reets1 & "o :o walks !re 9 ! /ill mid-day feels t all ?is completion ( ar*itecture1 ^! walls1 p]fect 9 e /one1 may be an en*ant$ vision1 a mirage2 he m ?an half believes t ! cool ( ! sunset w dispel ! illusion1 & he w f9d himself on a pleasant little hill ( ,langu$oc1 look+ d[n ^u ! commonplace ,l[] ,city ( ,c>cassonne4 ,at ,entrevaux !re is no sugge/ion ( illusion4 ,?is is n a %[-place t once 0 real2 x is "o ( a hundr$ little agglom]ations ( ! ,fr5* ,middle ,ages4 ,!y _h no great "n to uphold2 no ri*es to exp5d 9 impregnable walls & t[]s4 ,!y clung fe>fully toge!r = self-pres]vation1 built ramp>ts t 7 z /rong z might be1 & d>$ n laugh at ! =tunes ( w>4 ,except t !re is safety outside ! walls1 & a t9y po/ & telegraph (fice )91 !y are n[ z !y 7 9 ^? dang]\s days4 ,! =tress ( ,c>cassonne is dead2 b 9 ! back c\ntry ( ,prov5ce1 ,entrevaux is liv+1 & sc>cely a jot or tittle ( its ,m$iaevalism is lo/4 ,among high rocks t close ar\nd x on e side1 :]e1 accord+ to ! season1 ! ,*alvagne trickles or plunges into ! riv] ,v>1 & dom9at$ by a =t t p]*es on a %>p peak1 is ! /range/ ( old ,prov5cal t[ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,go?ic ,,walk1 ,,cloi/]4--,,arles4 ,! f\nd+ ( ! t9y episcopal city 0 aft] ?is wise4 ,t[>d ! close ( ! ,,xiv c5tury1 9 a "t ( plagues1 ,jewi% p]secutions1 ! gr[? ( h]esies1 & ! uncurb$ ravages ( free-boot]s1 ! city ( ,gl&eves1 seat ( an anci5t ,bi%opric1 0 de/roy$4 ,! liv+ remnant ab&on$ its desolate ru9s4 ,se>*+ = a /rong]1 saf] home1 !y *ose a site on ! left bank ( ! ,v>1 & comm5c$ ! build+ ( ,entrevaux4 ,! ,bi%op accompani$ 8 flock1 & al?\gh he reta9$ ! old title ( ,gl&eves1 9 memory ( ! antiquity ( ! ,see & its lo/ city1 ! ,ca!dral-*ur* 0 e/abli%$ at ,entrevaux4 ,! fir/ edifice1 ,sa9t-,m>t9's1 built %ortly aft] ! f\nd+ ( ! t[n1 has long be5 de/roy$2 & ! second1 begun 9 #afaj1 to ! hon\r ( ! ,assumption ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 held episcopal rank until ! ,see 0 dise/abli%$ by ! great ,concordat4 ,al?\gh ?is ,ca!dral 0 built 9 ! ,,xvii c5tury1 a date p]il\sly ne> t ( decad5ce 9 ,fr5* ecclesia/ical ar*itecture1 x 0 situat$ 9 s obscure a corn] ( ,prov5ce t its plan 0 unaffect$ by innovat+ ideas2 x is ( ! old native type1 a build+ ( /\t walls & heavy buttresses1 a s+le t[]1 squ>e & /raight1 & a tunnel-vault$ room1 ! place ( congregation4 ,?is int]ior1 ) no beautiful details t may n be f\nd 9 o!r *ur*es1 has z _m ( ! defects ( ! ,italian s*ool z ! treasury c\ld af=d1--m>ble columns1 frescoes1 gild+1 & o!r rococo decorations :i* %[ t ! p ( ,entrevaux _h no high] & no bett] ta/es ?an ^? ( ,nice2 & t ! old1 simple purity ( ! *ur*'s =m 0 r a matt] ( ignorance or necessity ?an ( *oice4 ,! attraction ( ! episcopal *ur* pales be=e ! qua9t delight ( ! episcopal city1 & x is z "p ( ! g5]al civic def5ce t x %>es 9 ! int]e/ ( ,entrevaux4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?is ,,int]ior4--,,entrevaux4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,romanesque ,,walk1 ,,cloi/]4--,,arles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"o ,,( ,,?ree ,,small ,,drawbridges4--,,entrevaux4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,portcullis4--,,entrevaux4 ,leav+ ! tra9 at ! ne>e/ railroad /ation1 ! travell] foll[$ ! w9d+ ,v>1 & he _h sc>cely walk$ f\r miles :5 he saw1 across ! riv]1 ! %>p peak ) its =t1 & ! long l9es ( walls t zigzag d[n ! hillside till !y rea* ! cr[d$ ro(s t are clu/]$ closely1 9 *>m+ irregul>ity1 ne> ! bank4 ,along ! wat]'s edge1 ! only "p ( ! t[n t is n protect$ by rocks & hills1 !re is ano!r l9e ( /\t walls & two heavy1 jutt+ ba/ions4 ,f a m$iaeval po9t ( view ,entrevaux looks /rong inde$4 ,! only means ( entrance1 n[ z 9 ^? old5 days1 is by "o ( ?ree small drawbridges1 & s n>r[ is e /reet ( ! t[n t no wagon is all[$ to cross1 = if x made ! passage ( ! bridge x w\ld be caught h>d & fa/ betwe5 ! h\ses4 ,z ! travell] put foot on ! drawbridge he felt z ?\gh he 7 a petty trad] or w&]+ m9/rel1 or "s o!r figure ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ent]+ = a few h\rs' traffic or a noon-day's re/1 & :5 he paus$ "u ! l[ ar* ( ! portcullis-gate1 p />$ at him z !y d at a /rang] 9 little f>-(f t[ns4 ,once inside1 he turn$ into a /reet1 & 0 imm$iately oblig$ to /ep into a door-way1 = a man lead+ a horse 0 approa*+1 & !y ne$$ all its bread?4 ,h\ses1 sev]al /ories high1 bord]$ ^! incr$ibly d>k1 n>r[ ways1 & "s ( ! upp] w9d[s _h ! dim9utive balconies s de> to ! ,s\?4 ,x 0 a bright1 hot day1 b ! sun seldom peep$ into ^! /reets2 & 9 ! %ops ! light 0 dull at mid-day4 ,z he ?\ght ( ! m5 & wom5 ( ,m$iaevalism1 :o did n d>e to w&] 9 ! fields beyond ! t[n1 because _! safety lay )9 its ramp>ts1 sudd5ly1 ! little public squ>es ( wall$ t[ns appe>$ 9 all ! real significance ( _! light & bread? & sun%9e4 ,space is preci\s 9 ,entrevaux1 & op5 places are few4 ,!re is "o :]e ! hotels & cafes are f\nd1 ano!r across ! drawbridge beh9d ! ,ca!dral-t[]1 & a t9y "o be=e ! *ur* itself4 ,?is is ! mo/ curi\s ( !m all2 =1 f> f be+ a ,place de la ,ca!drale1 x is a true ,place d',armes4 ,ne> ! portals1 on ^: wood5 doors ! mitre & insignia ( papal fav\r are c>v$1 a few /eps lead to a n>r[ l$ge :]e ar*]s c\ld /& & %oot f ! loop-holes 9 ! walls4 ,z ! travell] sat on ?is l$ge & wond]$ :at sc5es _h be5 enact$ "h1 h[ _m deadly %ots _h sp$ f out ! holes1 :at cr[ds ( excit$ t[nsfolk _h ga!r$ 9 ! *ur*1 :at grave words ( exhortation & ( bless+ _h be5 spok5 f ! alt> or ! ?re%old by anxi\s prelate1 rob$ & mitr$ = ! ,mass ( ,supplication to a ,god ( ,battles1 an humble fun]al appe>$1--a prie/1 a peasant be>+ a black wood5 ,cross ) ! "n ( ! deceas$ pa9t$ on x1 a rope-b\nd c(f9 c>ri$ by hot & sorr[+ wom51 & a little procession ( fri5ds4 ,! pomps & vanities ( ! pa/ disappe>$ z a mi/ f ! travell]'s m9d1 & he saw ,entrevaux z x really is1 )\t ! com=ts ( ?is _w's goods1 )\t ! greatness ( a ,bi%opric1 a small ,prov5cal village ^: p]fection ( qua9tness--s *>m+ to him :o passes on--means h>d%ip & discom=t to ^? :o h be5 born & mu/ live & die !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,=t ,,t ,,p]*es ,,on ,a ,,%>p ,,peak4--,,entrevaux4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,true ,,place ,d',,armes4--,,entrevaux4 ,& yet s pot5t is t *>m1 :5 ! travell] re-cross$ ! drawbridge & look$ up at ! %>p tee? ( ! portcullis t may /ill fall & bite1 :5 he _h pass$ out on ! high-road & turn$ aga9 & aga9 to wat* ! fad+ sunlight on ! tangl$ mass ( ro(s1 ! illusion _h return$4 ,! ba/ions /ood out 9 bold relief1 ! *ur* t[] ) its cr5ellat$ top /ood out aga9/ ! rocky peaks1 ! sun fell sudd5ly beh9d ! hill1 & ! travell] felt himself aga9 a m9/rel w&]+ 9 a m$iaeval night4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,long ,,l9es ,,( ,,walls ,,t ,,zigzag ,,d[n ,,! ,,hillside4--,,entrevaux4 ,sid5ote3 ,si/]on4 ,! travell] is curi\s1--frankly curi\s4 ,almo/ e "t t he ent]s a ,ca!dral1 8 memory recalls ! words ( ,r5an1 ^! spl5did m>vels are almo/ always ! blossom+ ( "s little deceit1 & aft] he has fea/$ 8 eye1 he ?9ks ( hi/ory & ( details1 & ( ,r5an1 prejudic$ b well-in=m$1 & wond]s :at 0 "h ! little deceit4 ,at ,grasse1 he _h long$ = ! pap]s a c]ta9 lawy] has1 :i* tell mu* ( ! city's life a hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago1 & at ,si/]on1 he sat by ! ,durance1 wond]+ h[ he c\ld induce a k9d & good old lady ( a remote corn] ( ,prov5ce to l5d him an anci5t manuscript1 :i* ev5 ! g5tle ,cure said %e ob/9ately refus$ to imp>t4 ,bless$ are !y :o c be satisfi$ ) guide-books1 z 8 fri5ds :o _h visit$ ,avignon & ,arles1 ,t>ascon & ! ,sa9tes-,m>ies-de-la-,m]1 & _h se5 ,prov5ce to _! entire edification :ile he 0 m]ely pe]+ ab\t ,notre-,dame-des-,doms & ! ,=t ,sa9t-,&re4 ,( a m indol5t & leisurely turn ( m9d1 he suff]s--& p]haps ju/ly--! p5alty ( 8 joy\s idl5ess1 = ev5 lawy]s & good ladies ) hidd5 pap]s are r>e4 ,revolution>y sieges1 fires1 & a wise discretion h l$ to ! de/roy+ ( _m a f9e old page1 & x is (t5 9 va9 "o goes to ^! decay+ cities ( ,prov5ce4 ,we see1 he said1 ge/iculat+ deject$ly1 we see _! t[]s & _! walls1 b if we say we "k t place1 h[ _m times d we deceive ourselves4 ,x is too (t5 z ?\gh we claim$ to "k ! life & ?\ght & passions ( a man f look+ on 8 grave4 ,b--to consid] :at we may "k4 ,si/]on is an old ,roman city1 mo/ /rongly & picturesquely built 9 a n>r[ defile ( ! ,durance4 ,on "o side ! riv] is ! high1 b>e rock ( ,la ,baume2 on ! o!r1 a high] rock :]e h\ses1 support+ ea* o!r by out/ret*$ buttresses1 seem to cl+ to ! %e] hillside z %rubs 9 m\nta9 crevasses1 & are dom9at$ & protect$ by a l>ge & =midable =tress-ca/le t cr[ns ! v top ( ! peak4 ,! t[n walls are almo/ gone2 ! =tress is ab&on$2 s9ce ! ,revolution !re are no long] ,bi%ops 9 ,si/]on2 b ! old t[n has lo/ little ( its w>-l & romantic atmosph]e ( days :5 x comm&$ an important pass1 & :5 ! way across ! ,durance 0 gu>d$ by a drawbridge1 & a big portcullis t n[ /&s 9 ru/y idl5ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,t[] ,,/ood ,,out ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,rocky ,,peaks4--,,entrevaux4 ,x is claim$ t ! ,bi%opric ( ?is /ronghold 0 f\nd$ 9 ! ,,iv c5tury1 & grew & fl\ri%$ mightily1 until ! ,bi%op dwelt securely on 8 rock1 8 ,bro!r ( ,gap _h a box on ! opposite bank1 ! ,conv5t ( ! little ,dom9ican ,si/]s 0 fur!r up ! riv]1 &1 besides ?is busy ecclesia/ical life1 !re 0 ! _w ( burgh]s 9 ! t[n & its ,conv5t ( ,ursul9es4 ,"h came once ^u a "t a sprightly lady :o add$ a ?\s& lively int]e/s4 ,?is 0 ,l\ise de ,cabris1 si/] ( ! great ,mirabeau1 :o1 :5 a m]e girl1 _h be5 m>ri$ to ! ,m>quis de ,cabris4 ,"p knave1 "p fool1 ! vices ( de ,cabris sometimes end$ 9 attacks ( insanity4 ,8 m>riage ) "o :o unit$ ! viol5ce ( ! ,mirabeaus to ! lic5se ( ! ,vassans 0 un=tunate2 444 & aft] ,l\ise began to reign 9 ! big d>k h\se ( ! ,c\rs ( ,grasse1 life nev] lack$ = incid5ts4 ,matt]s 7 n m5d$ by ! arrival ( h] bro!r1 tw5ty-f\r & wild1 & suppos$ to be liv+ "u a lettre de ca*et 9 ! sleepy little t[n ( ,manosque4 ,! two 7 soon embroil$ 9 s outrage\s a sc&al t _! fa!r1 :o lov$ a qu>rel = its own sake1 sid$ ) ! prosecution2 & decl>+ t no *ildr5 l 8 _h ev] be5 se5 "u ! sun1 took out a lettre de ca*et = ,l\ise1 :o 0 s5t up to ,si/]on1 :]e he reque/$ h] to rep5t ( h] s9s at leisure 9 ! ,conv5t ( ! ,ursul9es4 ,inh]it+ a brilliant1 re/less wit & unbridl$ morals1 h] life ) ! /upid1 vici\s ,m>quis _h n improv$ h] natural disposition1 & %e soon set ,si/]on agog4 ,on pret5ce ( bus9ess all ! lawy]s flock$ to see h]2 & ) no pret5ce at all ! g>rison flock$ 9 _! tra94 ,:5 ! ,ursul9es v5tur$ to remon/rate1 %e div]t$ !m ) su* anecdotes ( gay adv5ture z 7 nev] f\nd betwe5 ! pages ( _! pray]-books4 ,f9ally ! :ole t[n 0 divid$ into two camps2 h] foes call$ h] a vip]1 & _m an eye pe]$ into ! d>k /reets1 _m a head 0 judici\sly hidd5 beh9d b[$ %utt]s1 to see :o w5t t[>d ! ,conv5t2 till by wit & s*em+ & aft] "s mon?s ( mo/ surpris+ incid5t1 ,l\ise c>ri$ h] po9t1 left ! good ,ursul9es to a well-m]it$ repose1 & return$ to ! ,ca/le ( ,mirabeau1--to laugh at ! t[nsfolk ( ,si/]on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,is ,,ne> ,,! ,,heavy1 ,,r\nd ,,t[]s ,,( ,,! ,,out] ,,ramp>ts4--,,si/]on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bridge ,,across ,,! ,,durance4--,,si/]on4 ,:5 9 ! city1 ! prelates occupi$ _! ,ca/le ( ! ,citadel ) ! high look\ts & def5ces1 f> f _! ,ca!dral1 :i* is 9 ! l[] t[n ne> ! heavy1 r\nd t[]s ( ! ramp>ts4 ,?is *ur*1 :i* has be5 v slightly & v judici\sly re/or$1 is ( unkn[n date1 probably ( ! ,,xii c5tury1 x is fai?ful to ! native ar*itectural tradition1 & 9 "s details m int]e/+ ?an _m ( ! ,prov5cal ,ca!drals4 ,its ext]ior is small & l[4 ,!re are ! famili>1 fri5dly little apses ( ! ,romanesque2 ne> !m1 above ! ea/ end ( ! nor? aisle1 ! squat t[] ) a mode/1 mod]n spire2 & at its side1 above ! ro(-l9e1 is ! octagon t /&s ov] ! dome4 ,all ?is /ructure is unaffect$ly simple4 ,! walls & buttresses :i* enclose ! aisles are pla91 & x is only by comp>ison ) ?is ar*itectural ,puritanism t ! facade may be consid]$ ornate4 ,ne> ! top ( its wall1 :i* is support$ by /urdy pi]s1 are ?ree r\nd w9d[s1 ) deep1 splay$ frames4 ,! l>ge/ ( !m is directly above ! high1 sl5d] portal t is some:at rem9isc5t ( ! ,italian influ5ce1 s elaborately m>k$ fur!r up ! valley1 at ,embrun4 ,! r\nd$ ar* ( ! door-way & its po9t$ gable are repeat$1 on ei!r side1 9 a half-ar* & half-gable4 ,an allegorical animal1 9 relief1 /&s above ! c5tral ar*1 & a few columns ) delicate capitals complete ! adornm5t ( ! entrance-way1 :i*1 9 spite ( be+ ! mo/ decorative "p ( ! *ur*1 is mo/ discreet4 ,n9e /eps lead d[n into an int]ior t is small1 v usually plann$1 & mu* defac$ by ,,xvii c5tury gilt--yet is ess5tially dignifi$ & impressive4 ,elim9ate ! tawdry alt>s1 take away ! /ucco ,sa9ts & pa9t$ ,virg9s1 let ! *apels be m]e %ad[y corn]s 9 ! d>k p]spective1 & ! little *ur* appe>s l ! meet+-place ( ! ,fai?ful ( an e>ly ,*ri/ianity4 ,its nave & ea* ( ! n>r[ side aisles rise to r\nd tunnel-vaults2 !re are b five bays1 & ! la/ is cov]$ by a small1 octagonal dome4 ,! :ole *ur* is built ( a d>k /one t is almo/ black1 its light+ is v dim1 & c5tres 9 ! little apses :]e ! holie/ /atues /& & ! mo/ sacr$ rites are celebrat$2 & ! wor%ipp]s1 %r\d$ 9 twilight1 h m ( ! atmosph]e ( my/]y ?an is usual 9 ! ,ca!drals ( ,prov5ce1 ! subtle influ5ce ( quiet %ad[y d>kness t is s pot5t 9 ! *ur*es ( ! ,spani% bord]l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,entrances ,,to ,,two ,,n>r[ ,,/reets4--,,si/]on4 ,_m w pass ?r\gh ,si/]on & enjoy its rugg$ /r5g?1 its sun-lit days1 its n>r[ /reets1 & ! peaks t /& out 9 solemn /]nness aga9/ ! d>k blue sky at night4 ,notre-,dame-de-,pom]iis has none ( ! sali5t beauty ( any ( ^!1 & to appreciate its anci5t *>m1 x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! ,prov5cal ,ca!dral has n ! di/9ction ( size or ! elaboration ( ! great] ,ca!drals ( ,gascony1 t x is f> remov$ f ! f9e orig9alities ( ,langu$oc1 t x is conv5tional1 &1 z x 71 clanni%1 & t its highe/ dignity is 9 a simple quiet t is nev] awe-full4 ,!re is1 9 tru?1 m ?an "o *ur* ( ?is c\ntry t ne$s ! embelli%m5t ( its hi/ory to make x truly int]e/+4 ,b ,notre-,dame ( ,si/]on is n ( ^!4 ,x is n ! big1 empty %ell ( ,c>p5tras1 nor ! little r\gh ,ca!dral ( ,orange4 ,x is ! small]1 m p]fect "o1 ( f9] inspiration1 :i* ! _m w pass by1 ! few enjoy4 ,,iv4 ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,! ,,valleys4 ,sid5ote3 ,orange4 ,ly+ on ! ,rhone1 & almo/ surr\nd$ by ! papal ,v5aiss91 is a t9y pr9cipality ( less ?an =ty ?\s& acres4 ,?is small /ate has giv5 title to m ?an "o di/+ui%$ ,european :o nev] ent]$ its bord]s1 & :o 0 ali5 to x n only 9 bir?1 b 9 language & family4 ,s great 0 ! fame ( its rul]s t ?is small1 isolat$ /rip ( l& suff]$ = _! pr9ciples1 & probably owes to !m mu* ( its deva/ation 9 ! t]rible ,w>s ( ,religion4 ,f ! well-kn[n convictions ( ! ,pr9ces ( ,orange1 ! c\ntry 0 always c\nt$ a refuge = h]etics ( all %ades1 & 9 #acch !y 7 9 suffici5t =ce to demoli% ! t[] ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,lat] 9 hi/ory1 ,*>les ,,ix decl>$ ,william ( ,nassau an outlaw & 8 pr9cipality confiscate2 & 9 #aega1 !re 0 a ?ree days' massacre ( ,prote/ants4 ,9 spite ( ?is horrid orgy ! ,re=m]s rose aga9 9 might & soon prev5t$ all celebration ( ,ca?olic rites4 ,refugees flee+ f ! ,dragonnades ( ,dauph9e & ( ! ,cev5nes p\r$ into ! pr9cipality2 & :5 ! ,pr9ces ( ,orange 7 /rong en\gh to protect _! /ate1 its ,ca?olics liv$ re/rict$ lives2 b :5 ! ,prote/ant p[] wan$1 ,k+s & ,capta9s ( ,france raid$ ! l& 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& at ! dea? ( ,william ( ,orange1 ,k+ ( ,engl&1 ,l\is ,,xiv seiz$ ! capital ( ! /ate1 raz$ its great palace & its walls1 & aft] ! ,treaty ( ,utre*t _h aw>d$ ! pr9cipality to ! ,fr5* cr[n1 treat$ ! def5celess ,hugu5ots ) ! same imp>tial cruelty he _h met$ to _! fell[-believ]s 9 o!r p>ts ( ! k+dom4 ,orange's *anges 9 religi\s fate are n unlike ^? ( ,nimes1 ) ?is ess5tial diff]5ce1 t "h ,ca?olicism has conqu]$ triumphantly4 ,:]e t5 wor%ip 9 ! little ,prote/ant temple1 a ?\s& ?rong to ! ,mass4 ,bo? 9 hi/ory & its monum5tal ,roman ru9s1 ! capital ( ?is prov9ce1 ,orange1 is "o ( ! ri*e/ cities ( ! ,s\?l&1 b its ,ca!dral is v poor & mean4 ,! plan is "o ( ! simple/ ( ! ,prov5cal conceptions1 a hall basilica1 ar*aeologically int]e/+1 b 9 its pres5t /ate ( pat* & repair1 ar*itecturally commonplace & unbeautiful4 ,9 spite ( ,prote/ant attacks & ,ca?olic re/orations1 ! ,,xi c5tury type has be5 ma9ta9$1 a rectangle ^: pla9 d\ble ar*es support a tunnel vault & divide ! int]ior into f\r bays4 ,! pi]s are heavy & sev]e2 & betwe5 !m are alcoves1 us$ z *apels4 ,! *oir1 n>r[] ?an ! nave1 is prec$$ by ! usual dome1 & beyond x is a little unus$ apse1 conceal$ f ! re/ ( ! int]ior by a wall4 ,unimportant w9d[s built ) di/9ctly utilit>ian purpose successfully light ?is small1 simple room1 & no k9dly %ad[ hides its b>5ess or dim9i%es ! unhappy effect ( ! pa9t+s :i* disfigure ! walls4 ,! ,ca!dral's ext]ior is s surr\nd$ by irregul> old h\ses t ! travell] _h discov]$ x ) "s difficulty4 ,x has little t is wor?y ( description1 & aft] hav+ ent]$ by a conspicu\sly poor ,r5aissance portal only to g out "u an un9t]e/+ mod]n "o1 he f\nd himself lo/ 9 wond] t ! ,ca!dral-build]s ( ,notre-,dame-de-,naz>e? %\ld h utt]ly fail$ 9 a t[n :i* (f]$ !m su* inspir+ sugge/ions z ! great ,ar* ( ,triumph & ! /ill great] ,imp]ial ,!atre1 besides all ! o!r rema9s ( ,roman antiquity :i*1 long aft] ! build+ ( ,notre-,dame1 ! practical ,maurice ( ,orange demoli%$ = ! mak+ ( 8 m$iaeval ca/le4 ,sid5ote3 ,cavaillon4 ,x 0 gr[+ dusk1 ( a spr+ ev5+1 :5 ! travell] arriv$ at ,cavaillon & w&]$ ab\t ! n>r[ /reets & came ^u ! ,ca!dral4 ,glimpses ( an int]e/+ dome & a turret-t[] _h appe>$ once or twice above ! h\se-tops1 lead+ him on ) fre%5$ int]e/1 & !re 0 /ill light en\gh = _m fir/ impressions :5 he arriv$ be=e ! l[ cloi/]-door4 ,b "h 0 no place = peaceful m$itation4 ,an old woman1 coiff$ & b5t1 bru%$ pa/ him z %e ent]$1 a *air 9 ea* h&2 & z he effac$ himself aga9/ ! *ur* wall1 a y\ng] woman w5t by1 also *air-lad54 ,two or ?ree o!rs came1 talk+ eag]ly1 little girls 9 all /ages ( excitem5t ran 9 & out1 & little boys came & w5t1 divid$ betwe5 assum$ c>elessness & a feel+ ( unusual responsibility4 ,!n a prie/ appe>$ on ! ?re%old1 n 9 m$itation1 b on bus9ess4 ,ano!r1 old & heavy1 & pant+1 hurri$ 92 & ?r\gh ! cloi/]-door1 ,monsieur le ,cure1 brevi>y 9 h&1 pray$ wat*fully4 ,a little fell[1 runn+1 fell d[n1 & ! prie/ sprang to lift him2 ! *ild 0 too small n to wi% to cry1 b too mu* 9 ha/e to /op = te>s4 ,! prie/ wat*$ him ) a k9dly %rug & a smile z he ran on2--!re 0 no "t = laugh+ or cry+1 !re 0 "t = no?+ b ! my/]i\s matt] 9 h&4 ,:at is x8 ! travell] f9ally ask$4 ,ah1 ,monsieur1 to-morr[ is ! day ( ! ,fir/ ,communion4 ,we all h j pray$1 j confess$1 9 ! *ur*2 & our p>5ts are arrang+ _! places4 ,= to-morr[ !re w be cr[ds--ev]ybody4 ,y too1 ,monsieur1 are com+ p]haps8 ,! ,mass is at half-pa/ six4 ,su* 0 ! liv+ int]e/ ( ! place t ! travell] mov$ away )\t any v cle> ar*itectural impression ( ! ,ca!dral1 except ( ! curi\sly n>r[ bell-turret & ( ! height ( ! dome4 ,he did n see ! e>ly ,mass1 b t[>d t5 w&]$ aga9 to ! ,ca!dral & ent]$ ! cloi/]-door4 ,x 0 a l[-vault$1 sombre little ,cloi/] :i* all ! *att]+1 animat$ cr[ds c\ld n bright54 ,=m]ly two sides 7 gat$ (f1 & prie/s alone walk$ !re4 ,! o!r sides 7 public passage-ways to ! *ur*4 ,n[ only ! iron grooves ( ! gates ( sep>ation rema91 & ! f\r walks 7 ?rong$ ) p4 ,little girls 9 ! :ite dresses ( _! ,fir/ ,communion1 veil$ & cr[n$ ) roses1 7 hurry+ to _! places2 an old gr&mo!r1 ) h] arm ar\nd "o ( ! little communicants1 knelt by a column1 gaz+ up to ! ,virg9 ( ! cloi/]-close2 pr\d & anxi\s p>5ts l$ _! *ildr5 into *ur*1 & fri5ds met & kiss$ on bo? *eeks4 ,9 "o corn]1 an old woman 0 driv+ a busy trade 9 p5ny-wor?s ( b>ley c&y4 ,dim9utive alt>-boys 9 :ite lace cassocks & r$1 fur-trimm$ capes1 (f]$ religi\s pap]s = sale4 ,x 0 a h>ve/ day = begg>s1 & = ! love ( ! good ,god _m a s\ 0 giv5 into feeble dirty h&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,x ,,0 ,a ,,l[-,,vault$1 ,,sombre ,,little ,,cloi/]4 ,,cavaillon4 ,= a "t ! travell] walk$ ab\t ! ,cloi/]1 s t9y & worn a ,cloi/] t on any o!r day x mu/ h seem$ melan*oly inde$4 ,s l[ a vault+ is n (t5 f\nd1 massive & r\nd$ & seem+ to press1 l[]+1 above ! head4 ,! columns1 :i* help to support its weight1 are %ort & heavy & ?ick1 s worn t _! capitals are sometimes only sugge/ive & sometimes mean+less4 ,on "o side ! c>v+ is di/9ctly ,cor9?ian2 on ano!r altoge!r lack+4 ,betwe5 ! columns1 "o c\ld glance into a close s small t t5 paces w\ld measure its l5g?4 ,x 0 a *>m+ little spot1 all fill$ ) fl[]s & plants t told ( "s "o's con/ant1 t5d] c>e4 ,f above ! nodd+ fl[]s & leaves rose ! /atue ( ! ,madonna & ! ,*ild4 ,! toll+ bell call$ lagg>ds to ,mass4 ,) !m1 ! travell] ent]$ ! *ur*1 & f\nd x s cr[d$ t x 0 only aft] receiv+ _m knocks f incom+ *ildr51 & sundry bl[s on ! head & %\ld]s f ladies :o c>ri$ _! *airs too c>elessly1 aft] m9utes ( "t & a /ore ( pati5ce1 t he f9ally rea*$ a hav51 a corn] ( ! ,*apel ( ,sa9t-,v]an4 ,!re1 "u ! c>e ( ! ,ca!dral's ,patron1 he escap$ fur!r injuries & assi/$ at a long1 int]e/+ c]emony4 ,mass _h already begun1 b ! voice ( ! prie/ & ! answ]+ organ 7 lo/ 9 ! movem5t ( excit$ fri5ds1 ! murmur ( que/ions1 & ! clatt] ( nail$ %oes on ! /one floor4 ,a ,suisse1 halb]d 9 h&1 & gorge\s 9 tri-corn]$ hat & ! r$ & gold ( (fice1 kept ! aisle-ways op5 ) firm b k9d insi/5ce2 & ! prie/s :o 7 direct+ ! *ildr5 9 ! body ( ! *ur*1 7 wise en\gh to ov]look ! disord]1 :i* 0 n irrev]5ce1 b int]e/4 ,= days1 ev]ybody _h be5 ?9k+ ( ?is c]emony2 ev]ybody want$ good places4 ,b few f\nd !m4 ,= ! little nave ( ! *ur* 0 *iefly giv5 up to ! communicants4 ,!y sat on long b5*es1 fac+ ea* o!r4 ,! boys1 sixty or sev5ty ( !m1 7 ne>e/ ! ,alt>2 ! girls1 ev5 m num]\s1 ne>e/ ! door4 ,a "y prie/ walk$ betwe5 ! r[s ( boys & ! old1 pant+ ,fa!r direct$ ! girls4 ,! :ole int]ior ( ! *ur*1 at ^: consecration no less a prelate ?an ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iv _h presid$1 is small & its plan is ess5tially ( ! ,prov5cal type4 ,! high tunnel vault re/s1 l t ( ,orange1 on d\ble ar*es2 & z ! nave is v n>r[ & its light v dim1 ! *ur* seems l(ty1 sombre1 & impressive1 ) a v s]i\s dignity :i* its detail fails to c>ry out4 ,! *apels1 :i* lie betwe5 ! heavy buttresses1 are dim recesses :i* increase ! d>k5$ effect ( ! int]ior4 ,( ! t51 only ?ree diff] ess5tially f ! g5]al plan2 & al?\gh ( ! ,,xvii c5tury1 _! /yle is s sev]e & !y are s ill-light$ t !y d n greatly debase ! *ur*4 ,! *oir is ent]$ f "u a r\nd$ ar*way1 & its dome is l(ti] ?an ! nave & mu* m beautiful ?an ! semi-dome ( ! apse1 ^: ro(1 9 ^! practical mod]n times1 has be5 w9d[$4 ,t :i* almo/ de/roys ! effect ( ! *ur*'s f9e l9es & w\ld be intol]able 9 a /rong] light1 is ! mass ( gilt & poly*rome ) :i* ! int]ior is cov]$4 ,! alt>s are mon/r\sly %[y1 ! walls & buttresses are col\r$1 & ev5 ! int]e/+1 sculptur$ figures b5ea? ! corbels h be5 c>efully t9t$4 ,! dead arise ) appropriate mortu>y pallor1 ! halo ( ,*ri/ is pure gold1 & all ! drap]ies ( ,god & ,8 sa9ts are 9 true1 prim>y %ad+s4 ,f ! contemplation ( ?is misuse ( pa9t1 & ( a sadly misplac$ inn] por* ( ! ,,xvii c5tury1 ! travell]'s att5tion 0 recall$ to ! old prie/4 ,8 h& 0 rais$1 ! eye ( e little girl 0 fix$ on him & in/antly1 9 _! s(t1 %rill voices1 !y began ! v]se ( a hymn4 ,! travell] glanc$ d[n ! nave4 ,e boy 0 on 8 feet1 :ite ribbons hang+ bravely f ! "r arm1 ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns correctly held 9 "o :ite-glov$ h&1 a ,crucifix fa/5$ ) a b[ ( ribbon to ! coat lapel4 ,e eye 0 on ! "y prie/1 :o also rais$ 8 h&4 ,!n !y sang1 z ! girls _h sung1 & ) a "r lu/y w4 ,& !n1 "u ! guid+ h&s1 bo? boys & girls sang toge!r4 ,!re 0 a sil5ce :5 _! voices di$ away1 & f ! alt> a deep voice sl[ly *ant$ ,ite2 missa e/1 & ! ,high ,mass ( ! ,fir/ ,communion ,day 0 ov]4 ,outside1 little c\ntry c>ts /ood ne> ! *ur*1 & fa!rs & bro!rs 9 blue bl\ses 7 wait+ = ! little communicants :o _h _h s long & s excit+ a morn+4 ,walk+ ab\t ) ! cr[ds1 ! travell] saw an ext]ior ^: facade 0 pla9ly commonplace & ^: b>e lat]al walls 7 pat*$1 & cr[d$ by o!r walls4 ,f9ally he came ^u ! apse1 ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! *ur*'s ext]ior2 & he lean$ aga9/ a cafe wall & look$ across ! little squ>e4 ,ext]nally1 ! apse ( ,sa9t-,v]an has five sides1 & ea* side seems support$ by a *annell$ column4 ,! capitals ( ^! columns are c>v$ ) leaves or ) leaves & grotesques2 on !m r\nd ar*es re/2 & above is a n>r[ foliat$ cornice4 ,9 reliev+ contra/ to ! artificial classicism ( ! ,r5aissance ( ! int]ior1 ! feel+ ( ?is apse is q truly anci5t & pagan1 & x is n less unique nor less *>m+ because x is plac$ aga9/ a pla91 un9t]e/+ wall4 ,! eye travell+ upw>d1 above ! *oir-dome1 meets ! lant]n ) its r\nd$ w9d[s & po9t$ ro(1 & by its side ! high little bell-turret :i* completes a curi\s ext]ior2 an ext]ior :i* is int]e/+ & ev5 beautiful 9 detail1 b irregul> & het]og5e\s z a :ole4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,cavaillon is "o ( _m possibilities4 ,al?\gh small l ^? ( its ,prov5cal k9dr$1 x has m dignity ?an ,orange1 m simplicity ( int]ior l9e ?an ! pres5t ,avignon1 & x is to be regrett$ t x %\ld h suff]$ no less f re/oration ?an f old age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral',s ,,t[] ,,& ,,turret4--,,cavaillon4 ,sid5ote3 ,apt4 ,few ( ! ,ca!dral-*ur*es ( ! ,midi are )\t holy relics1 b none is m fam\s1 m rev]$1 & m au!ntic a place ( pilgrimage ?an ! ,basilica ( ,apt4 ,x came ab\t 9 ?is way1 says local hi/ory4 ,:5 ,m>?a1 ,laz>us1 & ! ,holy ,m>ys ( ! ,gospels l&$ 9 ,france1 !y br\ght ) !m ! v5]at$ body ( ,sa9t ,anne1 ! ,virg9's ,"m2 & ,laz>us1 be+ a ,bi%op1 kept ! holy relic at 8 episcopal seat ( ,m>seilles4 ,p]secutions arose1 & dang]s innum]able2 & = safety's sake ! ,bi%op remov$ ,sa9t ,anne's body to ,apt & seal$ x secretly 9 ! wall4 ,= c5turies1 ,*ri/ians met & pray$ 9 ! little *ur*1 unconsci\s ( ! wond]-work+ relic hidd5 s ne> !m2 & x 0 only ?r\gh a miracle1 9 ,*>lemagne's "t & "s say 9 8 pres5ce1 t ! holy body 0 discov]$4 ,?is is ! hi/ory :i* a sacri/an recites to curi\s pilgrims z he leads !m to ! sub-crypt4 ,! sub-crypt ( ,sa9te-,anne1 "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ,gallo-,roman *ur*es1 is n m ?an a n>r[ aisle2 its l[ vault seems to press ov] ! head2 ! air is damp & *ill2 & ! "o little c&le :i* ! pati5t sacri/an moves to ?is side & to t1 %[s ! pla91 un-ornam5t$ /one-"w & ! und\bt$ masonry ( ,roman times4 ,x 0 "p ( ! ,aqu$uct :i* c>ri$ wat] to ! ,!atre 9 ,imp]ial days1 & _h become a *apel 9 ! primitive ,*ri/ian era4 ,at ! end :i* is curv$ z a *oir is a heavy /one1 us$ z an alt>2 & high 9 ! wall is ! ni*e :]e ! body ( ! *ur*'s patron lay buri$ = ^? hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,x is a gloomy1 cell-l place1 mo/ curi\s & mo/ int]e/+2 & z ! travell] saw fai? 9 ! e>ne/ gaze ( "s ( 8 fell[-visitors1 & d\bt 9 ! smiles ( o!rs1 he wond]$ :at anci5t c]emonials1 secret ,masses1 or secret pray]s _h be5 said 9 ?is t9y *amb]1 & :at r[s ( phantom-l wor%ipp]s _h fil$ 9 & out ! d>k corridor4 ,directly above is ! high] upp] crypt ( ! *ur*1 a dim9utive b true *oir1 ) its t9y alt> & ambulatory1--a jewel ( ! ,romanesque1 heavy & pla9 & beautifully proportion$1 ) columns & vault+ 9 p]fect m9iature4 ,?is1 f its absolute purity ( /yle1 is ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! *ur*2 & be+ a crypt1 x is also ! mo/ difficult to see4 ,9 va9 ! sacri/an ran f side to side ) 8 little c&le1 9 va9 ! travell] gaz$ & pe]$1--! little *ur* 0 full ( %ad[s & my/]ies1 d>k & lo/ "u ! weight ( ! great *oir above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ma9 ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4--,,apt4 ,ev5 ! ma9 body ( ! *ur*1 above gr\nd1 is dimly light$ by small1 r\nd$ w9d[s above ! ar*es ( ! nave1 & f ! dome ( ,sa9t ,anne's ,*apel4 ,d\btless1 on ,sundays aft] ,high ,mass1 :5 ! great doors are op5$1 ! m]ry sun ( ,prov5ce ca/s its *e]ful rays f> up ! nave4 ,b ?is is a *ur* :i* is ! bett] = its %ad[s4 ,a ,romanesque aisle ( ! ,,ix or ,x c5tury1 built by t same ,bi%op ,alphant :o _h se5 ! con/ruction ( ! little crypt *ur*1 a c5tral nave ( ! ,,xi c5tury1 ,romanesque 9 conception1 & a nor? aisle ( poor ,prov5cal ,go?ic make a l>ge b inh>moni\s int]ior4 ,re/oration foll[+ re/oration1 *apels ( ! ,,xviii c5tury1 new vault+s1 debas$ & conglom]ate ,go?ic1 & spectacul> decorations ( gild$ wood h de/roy$ ! ar*itectural value & real beauty ( ! ,ca!dral's int]ior4 ,yet 9 ! dim light1 :i* is ! light ( its e-day life1 ! great height ( ! *ur* & its sombre massiv5ess are n )\t impressiv5ess4 ,! ext]ior dom9ates ! city1 b x is s hopelessly confus$ & commonplace t its natural dignity is lo/4 ,! heavy ar* :i* supports ! clock t[] =ms an arcade across a n>r[ /reet & makes x picturesque )\t add+ dignity to ! *ur* itself4 ,! walls are unmean+1 (t5 hidd5 by build+s1 & !re is n a portal wor?y ( description4 ,!re is ! dome ( ,sa9t ,anne's ,*apel ) a huge /atue ( ! ,patron1 & ! lant]n ( ! c5tral dome end+ 9 a po9t$ ro(2 b ea* addition to ! ext]ior seems only an ignorant or a spiteful acc5tuation ( ! g5]al ar*itectural confusion4 ,to ! fai?ful ,ca?olic1 ! int]e/ ( ,sa9te-,anne ( ,apt lies 9 its wond]ful & glori\s relics4 ,"h are ! bodies ( ,sa9t ,eleaz] & ,sa9te ,delph9e 8 wife1 a c\ple s pi\s t e morn+ !y dress$ a ,/atue ( ! ,infant ,jesus1 & e night !y undress$ x & laid x to re/ 9 a cradle4 ,!re is also ! ros>y ( ,sa9te ,delph9e ^: e bead conta9$ a relic2 & be=e ! ,revolution !re 7 o!r treasures innum]able4 ,dur+ _m ye>s ,apt has be5 ! pilgrim-%r9e ( ! ,fai?ful1 & great & small (f]+s ( _m c5turies h be5 laid be=e ! miracle-work+ body ( ! ,virg9's sa9t$ ,"m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,sa9t ,,anne4 ,by ,b5zoni4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( ^? :o came pray+ & be>+ gifts 0 ,anne ( ,au/ria1 ^: petition = ! gift ( a son1 an heir = ,france1 0 grant$ 9 ! bir? ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,9 gratitude1 ! ,que5 enri*$ ! *ur* by ve/m5ts wr\ght 9 ?read ( gold & _m sacr$ ornam5ts2 & at l5g? %e comm&$ ,mans>t to replace ! little *apel 9 :i* %e _h pray$1 by a l>g] & m sumptu\s "o1 a some:at un9t]e/+ /ructure 9 ! %[y /yle ( ! ,,xvii c5tury1 :i* is n[ ! re/+-place ( ,sa9t ,anne4 ,9 ?is *apel is ! mo/ beautiful ( ! *ur*'s treasures :i*1 /range to say1 is a piece ( mod]n sculpture giv5 by ! pres5t ,monseigneur ( ,avignon4 ,x is small1 & badly plac$ on a m>ble alt> ( discordant ton+1 ) a drap$ curta9 ( r$ gilt-fr+$ velvet = its backgr\nd4 ,yet 9 spite ( ^! in>ti/ic surr\nd+s x has lo/ none ( its t5d] *>m4 ,seat$1 ) a scroll on h] knees1 ! ag$ "m is e>ne/ly tea*+ ! "y ,virg9 :o /&s close by h] side4 ,! sl5d] old h& ) its rais$ =ef+] emphasises ! lesson1 & ! lov+ expression ( ! wr9kl$1 ascetic face1 ! att5tiv5ess ( ! ,virg9 & h] slim "y figure1 make a t\*+ picture1 & a beautiful example ( ! p[] ( ! mod]n *isel4 ,yet fai? 9 %r9es & miracul\s p[] is n1 9 ?is ,,xx c5tury1 z pure nor z univ]sal z 9 ! days ( ! pa/2 & ,fai?1 9 ,prov5cal ,apt :i* possesses s l>ge a "p ( ! ,sa9t's body1 is n z simple1 & !re=e n z /rong z 9 ,breton ,auray :i* has b a "p ( h] f+]4 ,republicanism 9 ! s\? c\ntry is n too fri5dly to ! ,*ur*1 k+s & que5s no long] come ) prodigal gifts1 & ,sa9te-,anne ( ,apt has n ! peasant /r5g? ( ,sa9te-,anne ( ,auray4 ,& 9 spite ( ! great fea/-day ( ,july1 9 spite ( ,aptoisian pride1 9 spite ( ! devotion & pray]s ( fai?ful wor%ipp]s1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,apt is a *ur* ( pa/ r ?an ( pres5t glories4 ,sid5ote3 ,riez4 ,j z ! *ur*-bells 7 *im+ ! morn+ ,angelus1 & ! w>m sun 0 ris+ on a day ( ! e>ly fall1 a travell] drove out ( old ,manosque4 ,he _h no gun1--!re=e he _h n come = ! hunt+2 he _h no brass-b\nd1 black boxes1 & !re=e c\ld n be a ,commis4 ,:at he might be1 he well knew1 0 tr\bl+ ! bra9 ( ! broad-back$ man sitt+ be=e him1 :o1 ) _m a long-drawn ,ou-ou-u-u- 0 driv+ a fat little horse4 ,b native c\rtesy conqu]$ natural curiosity & !y drove 9 sil5ce to ! long1 f9e bridge t spans ! riv] ( evil repute3 ,p>liam5t1 ,mi/ral1 & ,durance ,are ! ?ree sc\rges ( ,prov5ce4 ,at t "t ( ye>1 h[ev]1 ! ,durance usually looks peaceable & h>mless en\gh2 half its great b$ is dry & pebbly1 & ! wat] t ru%es "u ! big ar*es ( ! bridge is n great 9 volume4 ,b ! size & /r5g? ( ! bridge itself & c]ta9 huge rocks1 plac$ = a long di/ance on ei!r side ( ! road1 are significant ( floods & ( ! spr+ awak5+ ( ! mon/r\s riv] t1 l ,doctor ,jekyll & ,mr4 ,hyde1 has two lives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sa9t-,,m>t9-,,de-,,bromes ,,) ,,its ,,high1 ,,slim ,,t[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,=tifi$ ,,mona/]y ,,( ,,! ,,templ>s4--7,,ne> ,,gre\x74 ,! road w\nd ab\t ! l[ hills ( ! ,alps1 pa/ a massive1 =tifi$ mona/]y ( ! ,templ>s ^: w9d[s gape 9 ru92 pa/ ,sa9t-,m>t9-de-,bromes ) its high1 slim1 cr5ellat$ wat*-t[]2 pa/ _m quiet little villages :]e 9 ! old times1 ,ta9e says1 ,good p liv$ z 9 an eagle's ne/1 happy z long z !y 7 n sla9--t 0 ! luxury ( ! feudal times4 ,betwe5 ^! villages lay va/ groves ( ! grey-gre5 olive-trees1 l>ge fl\ri%+ f>ms1 &1 fur!r /ill1 ! bleak m\nta9s ( ! ,l[] ,alps4 ,x 0 t[>d !m ! driv] 0 turn+1 = ris+ above a smil+ little valley1 surr\nd$ by fields ( rip5$ gra91 lay ,riez4 ,a donjon /&s above a brok5 wall1 on ! hillside h\ses clu/] ar\nd a *ur*'s spire1 & alone1 on ! top ( ! hill1 /&s ! little ,*apel ( ,sa9t-,maxime1 ! only relic ( ! ,great ,sem9>y t 0 de/roy$ by ! ,revolutioni/s ( '#hi4 ,"h1 aft] ! de/ruction ( "o ( ! sev]al ,ca!drals ( ,riez1 ! ,bi%op celebrat$ ,masses1 b ! little *apel 0 nev] consecrat$ a ,ca!dral4 ,x has be5 rec5tly re/or$ & re-built 9 an un9t]e/+ /yle1--! ext]ior is b>e to ugl9ess1 ! int]ior s pa9t$ t ! six old ,roman columns :i* support ! *oir are ov]:elm$ by ! banality ( _! surr\nd+s4 ,! plateau on :i* ! *apel is built is n[ almo/ b>e2 olive-trees gr[ to its edges & !re is no trace ( ! ,sem9>y t 0 once s full ( active life4 ,! travell]1 sitt+ 9 ! %ade ( ! few p9e-trees1 look$ ov] ! broad view t[>d ! peaks ^: b>e rocks rise ) awful /]nness1 & ! little hills t /& betwe5 !m & ! valley1 till f9ally 8 eyes w&]$ to ! t[n b5ea?1 & ! firm1 broad roads :i* approa* x f e direction4 ,= ,riez1 al?\gh 9 ! lo/ dep?s ( ,prov5ce1 f> f railways & t\ri/s1 is a bee-hive ( indu/ry1 l>gely supply+ ! necessities ( ^! seclud$ little t[ns4 ,its hat-mak+1 rope factories1 & tann]ies are q important2 ! %ops ( its ma9 /reets are n )\t a tempt+ attractiv5ess1 & !re is all ! prov9cial /atel9ess ( ,sa9t-,remy ) mu* less /agnancy4 ,riez 0 ! ,albece ,reiorum ,apoll9>ium 9 ! ,colonia ,julia ,reiorum ( ! ,romans1 b !re are v few traces ( ! city ) ?is high-s\nd+ "n4 ,! :ole atmosph]e ( ! little t[n is ,,xii c5tury4 ,two ( its old gates1 "p ( ! wall1 & ! cr5ellat$ t[] /ill /&1 ) ru9$ conv5ts & mona/]ies ( ,capu*9s1 ,cordeli]s1 & ,ursul9es2 & x may be inf]r$ f ! rema9s ( ! ,bi%op's ,palace & ! broad prom5ade :i* 0 "o ( its av5ues1 & f ! episcopal *ateau at ,montagnac1 t ecclesia/ical /ate 0 n less wor?ily upheld at ,riez ?an 9 ! o!r ,sees ( ! ,s\? ( ,france4 ,_m difficulties1 h[ev]1 _h beset ! ,ca!dral-build+ prelates4 ,_! fir/ *ur*1 ,notre-,dame-du-,siege1 dat+ p>tly f ! f\ndation ( ! ,see 9 ! ,,iv c5tury1 p>tly f ! ,x & ,,xii c5turies1 0 de/roy$ by /orm & flood1 & its site ne> ! trea*]\s little riv] be+ consid]$ too p]il\s1 a new ,ca!dral ( ,notre-,dame-du-,siege & ,sa9t-,maxime 0 begun2 & x 0 !n t ! ,bi%ops celebrat$ tempor>ily at ,sa9t-,maxime's on ! hill4 ,dur+ ! ,revolution ! ,see 0 suppress$2 ! *ur* has be5 mu* re-built & *ang$2 s t only a t[] :i* is "p ( ! pres5t ,notre-,dame-du-,siege1 & ! traces ( ! e>lie/ f\ndation ne> ! little ,colo/re1 rema9 to tell ( ! diff]5t ,ca!drals ( ,riez4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,notre-,,dame-,,du-,,siege4--,,riez4 ,ne> ! site ( ! olde/ *ur* is "o ( ! few monum5ts ( a v e>ly ,*ri/ianity :i* h escap$ ! p]ils ( "t4 ,x is ( unkn[n date1 & al?\gh x is said to h be5 "p ( ! ,ca!dral :i* /ood betwe5 x & ! riv]1 x appe>s to h be5 always an indep5d5t & sep>ate build+4 ,! peasants say t 9 ! memory ( _! =efa!rs x 0 us$ z a *apel1 !y call x indef9itely ! ,pan!on1 ! ,temple1 or ! ,*apel ( ,sa9t-,clair1 b x 0 almo/ c]ta9ly a bapti/]y ( t curi\s & beautiful type :i* 0 ab&on$ s e>ly 9 ! evolution ( ,*ri/ian ar*itecture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,no?+ ,,c\ld ,,be ,,m ,,qua9tly ,,old ,,& ,,mode/ ,,?an ,,! ,,bapti/]y4--,,riez4 ,foll[+ ! road :i* 8 innkeep] po9t$ out1 ! travell] became s absorb$ 9 ! busy movem5t ( ! communal ?re%+-gr\nd1 ! arrival ( ! yell[ gra91 ! wom5 :o 7 wield+ pit*=ks1 & ! horses mov+ 9 circles1 ) solemn rhy?m1 t he ne>ly pass$ a l[ build+1 ! object ( 8 se>*4 ,no?+ c\ld be m qua9tly old & mode/ ?an ! bapti/]y ( ,riez4 ,x is a small squ>e build+ ( r\gh cem5t$ /one ^: /ucco has worn away4 ,! ro( is til$1 & f out a flatt5$ dome1 blades ( grass spr\t sp>sely4 ,a t9y bell-turret & an ar* 9 ! front wall complete ! ornam5tation ( ?is humble1 dim9utive bit ( ar*itecture1 & except t x is diff]5t f ! usual ,prov5cal mann] ( con/ruction1 "o w\ld pass _m times )\t notic+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,columns ,,an ,,alt> ,,has ,,be5 ,,plac$4--,,bapti/]y1 ,,riez4 ,walk+ d[n ! /eps :i* m>k ! diff]5ces t "t has made 9 ! levels ( ! gr\nd & ent]+ a small octagonal hall1 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ int]iors ( ,prov5ce meets ! eye4 ,ea* ( its f\r sides1 writes ,jules de ,lauri]e1 :i* correspond to ! angles ( ! out] squ>e1 has a semicircul> apse built 9 ! walls !mselves4 ,! eight columns1 plac$ 9 a circle ab\t ! c5tre ( ! edifice1 divide x into a circul> nave & a c5tral rotunda1 & support eight ar*es :i*1 9 turn1 support an octagonal drum1 & above ?is is ! dome4 ,?is room is ( simple & *>m+ ar*itectural conception1 & ev5 9 melan*oly ru91 x has mu* beauty4 ,x ga9s 9 comp>ison ) ! re-con/ruct$ bapti/]ies ( ,prov5ce1 = some?+ ( a primitive "* has be5 pres]v$ to :i* su* mod]n alt>s & ,,xvii c5tury trapp+s z ^? ( ,aix & ,frejus are fatal4 ,"u ! heavy du/ !re is visible an unhappy coat+ ( :itewa%1 traces ( a fire /ill black5 ! walls1 fragm5ts ( ,roman sculpture are scatt]$ ab\t1 & betwe5 ! columns a pagan alt> has be5 plac$ = safe-keep+4 ,! columns !mselves are ( pagan con/ruction1 & z !y diff] some:at 9 size & capitals1 x is n improbable t !y came f ! ru9s ( sev]al ( ! great public build+s ( ,riez4 ,at ! "t ( ! bapti/]y's con/ruction1 ! b>b>ic invasion _h begun1 & ^! ,roman monum5ts may h be5 9 ru9s2 b 9 any case1 x 0 a pi\s & ju/ifiable cu/om ( ,*ri/ians to take f pagan /ructures1 /&+ or fall51 /ones & pill>s t w\ld s]ve = build+ *ur*es to ! "o1 true ,god4 ,! pill>s procur$ = ?is laudable purpose at ,riez1 ) _! beautiful1 c>v$ capitals1 gave ! little bapti/]y its "o decoration1 & f> f di/urb+ ! simplicity ( its /yle1 !y add a sl5d]ness & height & h>mony to a room :i*1 )\t !m1 w\ld be too /iffly b>e4 ,9 ! rotunda :i* !y =m1 excavations h br\ght to light a baptismal pool1 & conduits :i* br\ght to x suffici5t quantities ( wat] = ! imm]sion--:ole or p>tial--t 0 "p ( ! baptismal s]vice ( ! e>ly ,*ur*4 ,b ! ar*aeological "w has abruptly ceas$1 & x is to be deeply regrett$ t "h1 9 ?is des]t$ place1 :]e ! ,*ur* desires no pres5t re/orations 9 accordance ) p>ticul> rites or mod]n /yles ( ar*itecture1 !re %\ld n be a complete rehabilitation1 a bapti/]y re/or$ to ! actual /ate ( its own era4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,beautiful ,,granite ,,columns4--,,riez4 ,w&]+ across ! fields1 ) ! re-con/ructive mania /rong ^u him1 ! travell] came across ! beautiful granite columns :i* ) _! capitals1 bases1 & ar*itraves ( m>ble1 are ! la/ /&+ monum5t ( ,riez's ,roman greatness4 ,fragm5ts ( sculpture1 bits ( /one set 9 h] walls1 exi/ 9 numb]s2 b !y are too isolat$1 too vague1 to sugge/ ! lo/ beauty & gr&eur :i* ^! lonely columns express4 ,he gaz$ at !m 9 wond]4 ,0 he /epp+ :]e once _h be5 a gr& & busy ,=um1 0 he look+ at ! ,temple ( "s great ,roman god8 ,! voices ( ! ?re%]s s\nd$ *e]ily1 ! ,prov5cal sun %one bright & w>m1 b "o ( ! greate/ ( my/]ies 0 be=e him1--! sil5t my/]y ( a dead pa/ t _h once be5 a liv+ pres5t4 ,he sat by ! riv]1 & toss$ pebbles into its %all[ wat]s2 ! slant+ rays ( ! sun gave ! columns delicate t9ts1 old yell[s & greys & violets1 & at l5g?1 z ev5+ fell1 !y seem$ to gr[ high] & :it] 9 ! pal] light1 until !y look$ l lonely fun]eal %afts1 recall+ to ! memory ( =getful man1 ,riez's long-dead greatness4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5ez4 ,9 ! com=table civilisation ( ,france1 ! /age-coa* usually beg9s :]e ! railroad ends2 & h[ev] remote a de/9ation or t$i\s a j\rney1 an ultimate & safe arrival is reasonably c]ta94 ,?is 0 ! reflection :i* *e]$ ! travell] :5 he began to se>* = ,s5ez1 an anci5t city ( ! ,romans :i* 0 *ri/ianis$ 9 ! e>ly c5turies & enjoy$ ! rank ( ,bi%opric until ! ,revolution ( '#hi4 ,9 spite ( ?is dignifi$ rank & ! t5acity ( an anci5t f\ndation1 x lies s f> f mod]n k5 t ev5 wor?ies :o live fifty miles away c\ld only say t ,s5ez is n mu* ( a place1 b x d\btless may be f\nd t5--p]haps fifte5--or ev5 tw5ty kilometres beh9d ! railroad4 ,if ,monsieur alight$ at ,b>reme1 probably ! mail = ,s5ez w\ld be left !re too4 ,& :]e lett]s g1 "s man or bea/ mu/ c>ry !m1 & "o c\ld always foll[4 ,) ^! vague directions1 ! travell] set gaily out = ,b>reme1 :]e a great] ?an he _h sp5t "o bleak ,m>* night on ! anxi\s j\rney f ,elba to ,p>is4 ,! t[n %[s no trace ( ,napoleon's hurri$ visit4 ,x looks a m]e sleepy hamlet1 & :5 ! travell] left ! tra9 he _h already decid$ to pu% 8 j\rney onw>d4 ,to ,s5ez8 ,a man /epp$ up 9 answ] to 8 inquiry4 ,c]ta9ly !re 0 a way to get !re1 ! mail-coa* />t$ 9 an h\r4 ,& a hotel8 ,a v good hotel--n ,p>isian p]haps1 b hot food1 a bottle ( good w9e1 & a clean b$4 ,c\ld "o desire m on ?is e>?8 ,! travell] ?\ght n1 & left ! /ation--to /& transfix$ be=e ! mo/ melan*oly conveyance t ev] bore ! high-s\nd+ "n ( mail-coa*4 ,a little wagon 9 ^: int]ior six ?9 p]sons might h cr[d$1 old w9d[s %ak+ 9 _! frames1 ! rema9s ( a coat ( yell[ pa9t1 & 9 front a seat :i* a project+ bit ( ro( protect$ f ! sun1--?is 0 ! mail-coa* ( ,s5ez1 drawn by a deject$1 small br[n mule1 ragg$ ) age1 & a gaunt :ite horse :o t[]$ above him4 ,to complete ! equipage1 ?is melan*oly pair 7 hit*$ ) ropes4 ,9 due c\rse ( "t ! driv] came1 hook$ an anci5t t9 box m>k$ ,lettres to ! da%-bo>d1 ?rew 9 a sack+-bag1 & cap 9 h&1 invit$ ! travell] to m\nt ) him :]e !re 0 air4 ,! long :ip crack$ au?oritatively1 ! po/ilion1 a beautiful black dog1 jump$ to ! ro(1 & ! mail-coa* ( ,s5ez1 ) rattle & creak1 />t$ on its s*$ul$ run4 ,h\p-la1 ?\ bag ( lazy bones done up 9 a br[n sk96 ,ho-la1 ?\ :it$ sepul*re1 ?9ke/ ?\ ,i w get out & c>ry !e8 ,take ?is & t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mail-,,coa* ,,( ,,s5ez4 ,on ei!r side ! :ip hit ! road f]oci\sly1 b ! old bea/s ( burd5 %ook _! philosophic heads & sl[ly jogg$ on1 kn[+ well !y w\ld n be t\*$4 ,! hot sun ( ,prov5ce1 :i* dr9ks a riv] z man dr9ks a glass ( w9e1 %one on ! long1 :ite r\te nationale t /ret*$ out 9 well-kept monotony ?r\gh a valley :i* might well h be5 nam$ ,desolation4 ,on ei!r h& rose m\nta9s t 7 great masses ( b>e1 se>$ rocks1 %[+ ! ravages ( =gott5 glaci]s2 ! soil t once cov]$ !m lay at _! feet4 ,sc>cely a %rub pu%$ out f ! crevices1 & ev5 along ! road1 ! few ?9 popl>s f\nd ! poore/ ( n\ri%m5t4 ,cross+ a small bridge1 !re came into view an anci5t village1 a m]e h&ful ( clu/]$ wood5 ro(s1 irregul>1 brok51 & decay$4 ,x 0 a city 9 ! days :5 we 7 ,romans1 said ! ,c\ri]1 & !y say t !re are treasures und]nea? our soil4 ,b :o c tell :5 p talk s mu*8 ,& c]ta9ly two s\s e>n$ above gr\nd buy hott] s\p ?an "o c ga9 9 _m a se>* = tw5ty francs bel[4 ,he :ipp$ up = a suitable & /rik+ entry into t[n1 turn$ into a lane1 & ) mu* %[ ( difficulty 9 re9+ up1 /ood be=e ! hotel4 ,! travell]1 hav+ desc5d$1 ent]$ a room t might h be5 ! subject ( a qua9t ,dut* canvas4 ,he saw a l[ ceil+1 smoky walls1 long r[s ( b5*es1 a s&$ floor1 & p9e-bo>d tables t /ret*$ back to an op5 door2 & ?r\gh ! op5 door1 ! pot sw++ above ! emb]s ( ! kit*5 fire4 ,! mi/ress ( ! inn1 a /rong :ite-hair$ woman ( sev5ty1 came hurry+ 9 to greet h] gue/4 ,x 0 late1 %e said1 & quickly put a bas9 full ( wat]1 a new piece ( soap1 & a fre% t[el on a *air ne> ! kit*5 door2 & z ! travell] prep>$ himself = d9n] he he>d ! crackl+ ( fre% b\ghs ^u ! fire & ! *e]ful s++ ( ! pot4 ,little lamps 7 light$1 & :5 he came to 8 table's end1 he f\nd good c\ntry w9e & a /eam+ cabbage-s\p4 ,o!rs came 9 to d9e & smoke & talk1 & lat] f 8 b$-room w9d[1 he saw _! gho/ly figures mov+ up & d[n ! unlight$ /reets & he>d !m say good-night4 ,! inn-door 0 noisily & safely b>r$1 & :5 ! retreat+ foot/eps & ! voices _h di$ away1 ! quiet ( ! d>k rema9$ unbrok5 until a wat*man1 ) flick]+ lant]n1 pass$1 & cri$ al\d ,all's well4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,op5 ,,squ>e4--,,s5ez4 ,next morn+ ! sun %one brightly on ,s5ez1 & ! travell] hurri$ to ! op5 squ>e4 ,a horse1 c>ry+ a f>m]'s boy1 me&]$ sl[ly by1 a *ick5 pick$ "h & !re1 & wat] trickl$ sl[ly f ! t9y faucet ( ! village f\nta94 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,its ,,prelates4--,,s5ez4 ,9 ?is quiet spot1 ne> ! lonely desolation ( ! hills1 is ! ,ca!dral4 ,! ,palace ( its prelates1 :i* is opposite1 is n[ a f>m-h\se :]e hay-ricks /& 9 ! front y>d1 & w9d[s h be5 wall$ up because ,prov5cal w9ds are cold & glass is de>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral4--,,s5ez4 ,look+ at ?is resid5ce1 "o w\ld ?9k t ! la/ ,bi%ops ( ,s5ez 7 insignificant prie/s1 /eep$ 9 c\ntry w9e & c\ntry /agnancy4 ,b su* a supposition is v f> f true4 ,= we "k t 9 ! ,,xviii c5tury1 ,jean ,soann51 ,bi%op ( ! city1 0 call$ be=e a ,c\ncil at ,embrun to answ] a *>ge ( resi/ance to ! f>-fam$ ,bull ,unig5itus1 & s /rong 7 8 convictions & s great 8 loyalty to 8 consci5ce1 t he resi/$ ! ,c\ncil z well z ! ,bull1 & 0 depriv$ ( 8 ,see z a ,jans5i/ & recalcitrant1 & exil$ to ! ,abbey ( ,la-,*aise-,dieu4 ,9 quiet ,s5ez !re mu/ always h be5 "t = reflection1 & "o c imag9e ! bitt] /ruggle ( ?is brave man z he walk$ ! rooms ( ! ,palace1 z he cross$ & re-cross$ ! small squ>e to ! ,ca!dral4 ,"o c imag9e 8 wre/l+ ) ,god & 8 consci5ce e "t t he celebrat$ a ,mass = ! p be=e ! ,ca!dral's alt>4 ,"o c und]/& ! bitt] fight betwe5 two high ideals1 irreconcilable 9 8 life1--t ( "w 9 ,god's v9ey>d or ( doctr9al purity z he saw x4 ,he _h to *oose betwe5 !m1 ?is ,bi%op ( ,s5ez1 & :5 he left ! t[n to answ] ! summons ( ! ,c\ncil at ,embrun1 8 he>t mu/ h be5 sore )9 him1 he mu/ h said f>ewell to _m ?+s4 ,few decisions c be m s]i\s ?an ! r5unciation ( family & home = ! s]vice ( ,god1 few m solemn ?an ! /ruggles betwe5 ! fle% & ! _s2 b no m pa!tic picture c exi/ ?an t sad figure ( ,jean ,soann52 = he _h r5\nc$ family & ! _w1 & = ! sake ( accept$ tru? :i* 0 false to him1 endur$ helpless1 solit>y insignificance "u ! espionage ( suspici\s & unfri5dly monks4 ,! travell] rememb]$ 8 tomb1 t tomb 9 a small *apel ne> ! foot ( ! /air-case 9 ! fam\s ,abbey f>-away1 & sigh+1 hop$ t 9 8 m\rnful exile1 ! ,bi%op may h realis$ t !y also s]ve :o only /& & wait4 ,! ,bull ,unig5itus1 :i* caus$ 8 d[nfall1 is believ$ to h caus$1 dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( ,l\is ,,xiv's bigotry1 ! p]secution ( ?irty ?\s& respectable1 intellig5t1 & ord]ly ,fr5*m54 ,de ,noailles1 sev]al ,bi%ops1 & ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is refus$ to accept x1 ?\gh !y /opp$ %ort ( op5 rebellion1 & ev5 ,f5elon submitt$ r ?an acc$$ to x4 ,?is fam\s & vexati\s docum5t 0 an unhappy emanation ( ,pope ,clem5t ,,xiii4 ,h>d press$ by 8 fai?ful support]s1 ! ,jesuits1 he promulgat$ x 9 #agac1 & x condemns ) great explicitness "o hundr$ & "o propositions :i* are tak5 f ,quesnel's ,jans5i/ic ,reflexions morales sur le ,n\veau ,te/am5t4 ,! ,jesuits held ! ,jans5i/s 9 a horror :i* ! ,jans5i/s reciprocat$2 ! ,pope ow$ almo/ too heavy a debt ( gratitude to ! ord] ( ,sa9t ,ignatius & 0 con/ra9$ to repay4 ,b ! ,bull1 in/ead ( procur+ peace1 br\ght ! greate/ affliction & desolation ( m9d to ,8 ,hol9ess1 & :5 lat]1 ! ,fr5* envoy ask$ him :y he _h condemn$ su* an odd numb] ( propositions1 ! ,pope seiz+ 8 arm bur/ into te>s4 ,ah ,monsieur ,amelot6 ,monsieur ,amelot6 ,:at w\ld y h me d8 ,i /rove h>d to curtail ! li/1 b ,p]e ,le ,telli]--,l\is ,,xiv's la/ confessor & a devot$ ,jesuit--_h pl$g$ 8 ^w to ! ,k+ t ! book conta9$ m ?an "o hundr$ errors1 & ) 8 foot on my neck1 he compell$ me to prove him "r4 ,i condemn$ only "o m6 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,s5ez is an humble village *ur* :]e frank & simple pov]ty exi/s ) ! rema9s ( anci5t spl5d\r4 ,x is small1 z are all *ur*es ( its /yle1 & al?\gh x does n lack a homely dignity1 x is a mode/ "w ( ,,xii c5tury ,romanesque1 & ! sonor\s title ( its consecration 9 #abdb1 ! ,assumption ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 sugge/s an impressiv5ess :i* ! ,ca!dral nev] _h4 ,two heavy buttresses t support ! facade wall are rem9isc5t ( ! m maje/ic ,notre-,dame-du-,b\rg ( ,digne1 & on !m re/ ! ends ( a po9t$ gable-ro(4 ,betwe5 ^! buttresses1 ! wall is pi]c$ by a long & graceful r\nd-ar*$ w9d[1 & bel[ ! w9d[ is ! s+le1 po9t$ portal ^: columns are gone & ^: delicate foliat$ c>v+s & m\ld+s are sadly worn away4 ,a sun-dial pa9t$ on ! wall tells ! "t ( day1 & at ! gable's %>pe/ po9t a saucy little angel ) a trumpet 9 8 m\? bl[s ) ! w9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral4--,,s5ez4 ,ent]+ ! little portal1 ! travell] saw ! poor wood5 b5*es ( ! congregation mass$ toge!r1 & beyond !m1 ! /alls ( long-dep>t$ ,canons4 ,9 front ( ^! old /alls1 /ood ! *ur*'s late/ luxury1 a melodeon1 & above !m hung ! tape/ries ( its ri*] pa/4 ,tape/ries also beautify ! *oir-walls1 & on ei!r side1 are ! n>r[ transepts & ! apses ( a good old /yle4 ,!re are also poor & tawdry alt>s :i* /& 9 /range1 pitiable contra/ ) ! old walls & ! f9e tunnel vault+1 ! dignifi$ ar*itecture ( ! pa/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tape/ries ,,beautify ,,! ,,*oir ,,walls4--,,s5ez4 ,leav+ ! int]ior1 :]e a solit>y peasant knelt 9 pray]1 ! travell] saw side-walls b>e z ! m\nta9s r\nd ab\t1 ! squat t[] t rises j above ! ro(1 & com+ to ! apse-end he f\nd ! presbyt]y g>d54 ,f ! g>d51 beyond ! fall5 gate1 he saw ! *ur* z ! ,cure saw x1 ! ?ree r\nd apses ) _! little columns1 ! small] decorative ar*es ( ! cornices1 ! po9t$ ro(1 & betwe5 bran*es full ( apple blossoms1 ! s(t5$ l9es ( ! l[ squ>e t[]4 ,"h1 trespass+1 ! ,cure f\nd him4 ,& aft] !y _h walk$ ab\t ! t[n1 & talk$ ! :ole day long ( ! great _w :i* lay s f> beyond1 !y w5t into ! little g>d5 z ! sun 0 go+ d[n1 & fell to mus+ ov] c(fee cups4 ,! prie/ 0 fir/ to speak4 ,p]haps1 buri$ "u ^? old *ur* walls1 lie pro(s ( our e>ly hi/ory1 ! /ones ( "s old ,temple1 or /atues ( its gods2 = we 7 once ,sanitium1 a ,roman city 9 a c\ntry ( six ,roman roads4 ,p]haps all ar\nd u 7 great monum5ts ( pagan weal?1 a ,mausoleum ne> ^! b>e old rocks l t :i* /&s 9 lonel9ess ne> ,sa9t-,remy1 ,villas1 ,ba?s1 or ,triumphal ,ar*es4 ,! ke5 eyes s(t5$1 z he cont9u$ 9 g5tle irony1 ,d[n 9 ?is little valley ( ! ,asse de ,blieux1 our t[n seems f> away f any sc5e 9 :i* ! great ones ( e>? took "p4 ,al?\gh ,i "k t x is true1 x (t5 seems to me a leg5d t ! gay & gallant ,francis ,i1 ru%+ to a mad w>1 /opp$ on 8 way to injure u2 & t f\r hundr$ ye>s ago a b& ( ,hugu5ots rav$ ar\nd our old ,ca!dral1 & tri$ to pull x to ! gr\nd4 ,& d y ?9k x c be true1 ! travell] ask$1 t ,bi%ops held my/]i\s prison]s 9 t t[] = mo/ dre>y l5g?s ( "t8 ,illu/ration3 ,,betwe5 ,,bran*es ,,full ,,( ,,apple-,,blossoms1 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,z ,,! ,,cure ,,saw ,,x4--,,s5ez4 ,! ,cure smil$1 & %ook 8 :ite head4 ,t is a /ory :i* ! peasants tell1--an old tradition ( ! l&4 ,x may be true1 s9ce prie/s are mortal m5 & d\btless dealt ) s9n]s4 ,he smil$ indulg5tly4 ,?r\gh ! _m ye>s ,i h be5 "h1 ,i h (t5 wond]$ ab\t all ^! ?+s1 b x is seldom ,i c speak my ?\ghts4 ,sometimes :5 ,i am "h alone1 ,i lose ! s5se ( pres5t ?+s & seem to see ! phantoms ( ! pa/4 ,!n ! dusk comes on1 z x is com+ n[2 ! night blots ,s5ez f my sight z fate has blott$ out its record f hi/ory1--& ,i realise t our human memory is 9 va94 ,sid5ote3 ,aix4 ,! old ,ca!dral ( ,sa9t-,sauveur at ,aix is n "o ( ^? r>ely beautiful *ur*es :]e a complete & re/ful homog5eity delights ! eye1 nor is x a *ur* ( crude & %ock+ transitions4 ,x is r a well-arrang$ museum ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture1 :]e1 9 suffici5t hi/orical cont9uity & h>mony1 _m ,prov5cal conceptions are f\nd1 & ! evolution ( ,prov5cal ar*itecture may be v completely foll[$4 ,z 9 all collections1 ! beauty ( ,sa9t-,sauveur is n 9 a g5]al view or 9 any glance into a long p]spective1 b 9 a close & lov+ /udy ( ! details x encloses2 & s *>m+1 s really beautiful are _m ( ! div]se little treasures ( ,aix1 t su* /udy is bett] repaid "h ?an 9 any o!r ,prov5cal ,ca!dral4 ,= ?is is "o ( ! l>ge/ ,ca!drals ( ! prov9ce1 & ! build+s :i* =m ! ecclesia/ical gr\p are mo/ complete4 ,) its bapti/]y1 ,cloi/]1 *ur*1 & ar*-episcopal ,palace1 x is n only ( _m epo*s & /yles1 b ( _m hi/orical unc]ta9ties1 & ! hypo!ses ( its con/ruction are en\gh to daze ! mo/ h>d5$ ar*aeologi/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,s\? ,,aisle4--,,aix4 ,! olde/ "p ( ! ,ca!dral is ! bapti/]y1 & ! date ( its orig9 is unkn[n4 ,mu* ( its "* 0 lo/ 9 a re/oration ( ! ,,xvii c5tury1 b its old r\nd =m1 ! magnific5t ,roman columns ( granite & gre5 m>ble said to h be5 "p ( ! ,temple to ,apollo1 give x an atmosph]e ( dignity & an anci5t *>m t ev5 ! ,,xvii c5tury--s pot5t 9 ar*itectural evil--0 unable to de/roy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,romanesque ,,portal4 ,9 #ajfj1 aft] ! de/ructive vicissitudes ( ! e>ly c5turies1 ,ar*bi%op ,ro/a+ d',hy]es issu$ a pa/oral lett] appeal+ to ! ,fai?ful to aid him 9 ! re-build+ ( a new ,ca!dral2 & x may be reasonably suppos$ t ! nave :i* is at pres5t ! s\? aisle1 ! bapti/]y1 & ! ,cloi/]s 7 ! build+s t 7 d$icat$ less ?an fifty ye>s lat]4 ,!y are ! only portions ( ! *ur* :i* c be ascrib$ to s e>ly a p]iod1 & ) ! l[ door ( entrance1 ! s+le nave & ! adjo9+ cloi/]-walk1 !y con/itute ! usual plan ( ,,xi c5tury ,romanesque4 ,consid]+ ?is z ! e>ly *ur*1 9 almo/ orig9al =m1 x w be se5 t ! portal is a v int]e/+ example ( ! ,prov5cal use n only ( ,roman sugge/ion1 b ( ! actual fragm5ts ( ,roman art :i* _h escap$ ! invad]2 t ! s\? aisle1 9 itself a complet$ int]ior1 be>s a close resemblance to ,avignon2 & t ! ,cloi/]1 al?\gh n[ v worn & ev5 defac$1 mu/ h be5 "o ( ! qua9te/ & mo/ delicate1 z x is "o ( ! t9ie/1 9 ,prov5ce4 ,?ree sides ( its arcades support pla9 build+s ( a lat] date2 ! f\r? /&s free1 z if 9 ru94 ,little c\pl$ columns1 "s sl5d]ly circul>1 "s twi/$1 & "s polygonal1 re/ on a l[ wall2 pi]s1 v f9ely & diff]5tly c>v$1 are at ea* ( ! arcade angles2 ! little capitals ( ! columns 7 once beautifully cut1 & ev5 ! surfaces ( ! ar*es h small foliat$ disks & rosettes & are f9i%$ 9 roll & holl[4 ,un=tunately1 a v l>ge "p ( ?is detail-"w is s defac$ t its subjects are b>ely sugge/$1 "s are s eat5 away t !y are z desolate ( beauty z ! b>r5 little quadrangle2 & ! :ole ,cloi/] seems to h rea*$ ! br9k ( t pa!tic old age :i* ,%akespe>e has describ$1 & t ano!r /ep 9 ! m>* ( "t w\ld leave x sans ev]y?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cloi/]4--,,aix4 ,ab\t two hundr$ ye>s lat]1 9 #abhe1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,aix f\nd ! ,ca!dral too unpret5d+ = ! rank & dignity ( ! ,see1 & he began ! ,go?ic additions4 ,l _m ano!r prelate 8 ambitions 7 l>g] ?an 8 means2 & ! hi/ory ( ,sa9t-,sauveur f ! ,,xiii to ! ,,xix c5tury1 is t (t-told tale ( new indulg5ces (f]$ = new contributions1 halts & delays 9 con/ruction1 empti$ treasuries1 & aga91 appeals & fre% ef=ts4 ,! beg9n+s ( ! enl>g$ ,ca!dral 7 ar*itecturally abrupt4 ,! old nave1 becom+ ! s\? aisle1 0 connect$ ) ! new by two small op5+s2 x reta9$ mu* ( its sep>at5ess & 9 spite ( add$ *apels mu* actual isolation4 ,! ,go?ic nave1 ! nor? aisle & its _m *apels1 ! apse1 & ! transepts1 ^: build+ & re-con/ruction /ret*$ ov] ! long p]iod betwe5 ! ,,xiii & ,,xvii c5turies1 are comp>atively regul>1 uni=m1 & un9t]e/+4 ,! mo/ ambiti\s view is t ( ! c5tral nave1 ^: :ole l5g? is s little brok5 by entrances to ! side aisles1 t x seems almo/ solidly enclos$ by its massive walls4 ,"h 9 ,go?ic bays1 are f\nd ^? r\nd$1 longitud9al ar*es :i* belong to ! ,romanesque & to "s /ructure ^: id5tity is buri$ 9 ! my/]i\s pa/4 ,! *oir1 ) its long1 n>r[ w9d[s1 & clu/]s ( columnettes1 is v pleas+1 & its sev5 sides1 =eign to ,prov5ce1 rem9d "o ( ,italian & ,spani% con/ructive =ms & take "o's memory on /range jaunts1 to ! f>-away ,fr>i 9 ,v5ice & ! cold] ,abbey ( ,london4 ,f ! *oir ( ,sa9t-,sauveur two *apels op52 & "o ( !m is a *>m+ bit ( ar*itecture1 a replica 9 m9iature ( ! "m-apse itself4 ,! pa9t+s ( ?is "m-apse are neutral1 its glass has no claim to sumptu\sness1 & ! /alls are v unpret5d+2 b above !m hang tape/ries ascrib$ to ,matsys1 spl5did hang+s ( ! ,flemi% s*ool t 7 once 9 old ,sa9t ,paul's4 ,) ^! beautiful details ! ri* treasure-trove ( ! int]ior is exhau/$1 & "o passes out to /udy ! details ( ! ext]ior4 ,! ,ca!dral's s+le t[]1 :i* rises beh9d ! facade l9e1 0 "o ( ! p>ts t 0 longe/ neglect$1--p]haps because a t[] is less ess5tial to ! ritual ?an any o!r portion ( an ecclesia/ical build+4 ,begun 9 #acbc1 ! "w dragg$ along ) _m p]iods ( absolute idl5ess1 until #ahhj1 :5 a balu/rade ) p9nacles at ea* angle 0 add$ to ! upp] octagonal /age1 & ! build+ ( ! t[] 0 ?us end$4 ,! octagon ) its n>r[ w9d[s re/s on a pla91 squ>e base t is massively buttress$4 ,x is a pleasant1 r ?an a rem>kable t[]1 & "o's eye w&]s to ! m beautiful facade4 ,"h1 encas$ by sev]ely pla9 supports1 is "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ portals ( ,prov5cal ,go?ic4 ,decorat$ buttresses /& on ei!r side ( a l>ge1 %all[ recess :i* has a high & po9t$ ar*1 & 9 ! c5tre1 a slim pi] divides ! entrance-way into two p>ts1 pre-figur+ ! f9al division ( ! ,j & ! ,unju/4 ,a multitude ( f9ely sculptur$ /atues 7 =m]ly hidd5 9 ni*es1 "u graceful canopies1 & 9 ! hundr$ little nooks & corn]s :i* lurk ab\t true ,go?ic portals4 ,/&+ ,apo/les & seat$ ,patri>*s1 baby *]ubs pe]+ out1 & ! m dramatic composition ( ! tympanum--! ,transfiguration1--all l5t a dignity & weal? to ,sa9t-,sauveur4 ,un=tunately _m ( ^! sculptures 7 torn f _! crannies 9 ! great ,revolution2 & x is only a few ( ! heav5ly ho/s1--! graci\s ,madonna1 ,sa9t ,mi*ael1 & ! ,prophets1--t rema9 z types ( ^? t 7 s wantonly de/roy$4 ,! l[1 empty gables t %elt]$ lo/ /atues1 _! sl5d]1 tap]+ turrets1 & ! delicate out] curve ( ! ar*1 are ( admirable1 if n impos+1 composition4 ,! portal's wood5 doors1 protect$ by pla9 cas+s1 ab\nd 9 c>v+s p>tly ,r5aissance1 p>tly ,go?ic4 ,! ,sibyls & ,prophets /& "u canopies1 surr\nd$ by foliage1 fruits1 & fl[]s1 or isolat$ f ea* o!r by little buttresses or pila/]s4 ,?is ,go?ic portal q out%9es1 9 its graceful elaboration1 ! small] door :i* /&s ne> x1 9 ! simpl] & n less pot5t *>m ( ! ,romanesque4 ,& side by side1 ^! portals (f] a curi\sly int]e/+ comp>ison ( ! ess5tial diff]5ces & qualities ( _! two great /yles4 ,if ! ,romanesque ( ,sa9t-,sauveur is f> surpass$ at ,arles & ,digne & ,si/]on1 n[h]e 9 ,prov5ce has ,go?ic ri*] details2 & if ! noble/ ( ,prov5cal creations mu/ be s\ght 9 o!r little cities1 ! lov] ( ar*itectural comp>isons1 ( details1 ( ! _m less] ?+s r ?an ( ! h>mony ( a s+le :ole1 w l+] long 9 ,aix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral4--,,aix4 ,! old city itself %[s sc>cely a trace ( ! _m hi/oric dramas ( :i* x has be5 ! sc5e1--! l[]+ trag$y ( ! ,vaudois "t1--! bright1 gay com$y ( good k+ ,r5e's ,c\rt1--! %ort] sc5es ( ,*>les ,v's occupation1--! ,p>liam5t's /ruggle ) ,ri*elieu & ,maz>91--! day ( ! fi]y ,mirabeau1--! grim melodrama ( ! ,revolution1--all h pass$1 & "t has de/roy$ _! monum5ts almo/ z completely z ! ,s>ac5s de/roy$ ^? ( ! e>li] ,roman days4 ,only a few1 un=m$ fragm5ts ( ! great ,temple ( ,apollo rema9 9 ! walls ( ,sa9t-,sauveur4 ,! e>lie/ ,ca!dral1 ,sa9te-,m>ie-de-la-,s$s1 has entirely disappe>$1 ! old !rmal spr+s are enclos$ by mod]n build+s1 & only ! /atue ( ! good ,k+ ,r5e & ! ,*ur* ( ! ,knights ( ,malta give to ,aix a fa9t atmosph]e ( its pa/ di/9ction4 ,:o w\ld dream t "h 7 ! homes ( ! elegant & lett]$ c\rti]s ( ,k+ ,r5e's brilliant capital1 :o w\ld ?9k t ?is t[n 0 ! e>lie/ ,roman settlem5t 9 ,gaul1 ! ,aquae ,sextiae ( ,ba?s1 ,temples1 ,!atres1 & great weal?8 ,aix is a /ately t[n1 a prov9cial capital :i* ,balzac might well h describ$--) old1 quiet /reets t are a little dre>y1 ) a f9e av5ue %ad$ by great trees 9 ^: %ad[s a few f\nta9s trickle1 ) l9es ( little /ages t come ea* day f ! c\ntry1--a city ^: life is z f> 9 _s f ! ne>-by mod]nity ( ,m>seilles z x is f t ( ,p>is1 z qua9tly & delightfully prov9cial z t o!r little ,prov5cal city1 ! ,t>ascon ( ,k+ ,r5e & ( ,t>t>94 ,langu$oc4 ,i4 ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,! ,,cities4 ,sid5ote3 ,nimes4 ,ent]+ ,langu$oc f ! valley ( ! ,rhone1 ! ,ca!dral-lov] is doom$ to disappo9tm5t 9 ! city ( ,nimes4 ,all t int5se1 intra-mural life ( ! ,middle ,ages seems to h pass$ ?is city by1 & its traces1 :i* he is s eag] to f9d1 prove to be nei!r notable nor beautiful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,amphi!atre ,,:i* ,,rivals ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,coliseum4--,,nimes4 ,! great pa/ ( ,nimes is ( a m remote antiquity ?an ! ,ca!dral ,build+ ,ages4 ,a small b exquisite ,temple1 a ,nymphaeum1 ,ba?s1 p>ts ( a f9e ,portal1 ,roman walls1 & an ,amphi!atre :i* rivals ! art ( ! ,coliseum1--^! are ! ru9s ( ,nimean greatness4 ,%e 0 ess5tially a city ( ! ,romans1 & t1 ev5 to-day1 %e has n lo/ ! memory ( h] glori\s antiquity 0 well illu/rat$ 9 #ahgd1 :5 ! ,nimois1 ) mu* pomp & civic pride1 unveil$ a /atue to _! fell[-c\ntryman1 ! ,emp]or ,anton9us ,pius4 ,^! are ! memories 9 :i* ,nimes delights4 ,yet h] hi/ory ( lat] times1 if n glori\s1 is full ( /range & curi\s int]e/4 ,l all ! anci5t cities ( ! ,s\?1 %e fell into ! h&s ( _m a wild & ali5 foe1 & at l5g? 9 #gcg1 ,*>les ,m>tel arriv$ at h] gates4 ,grossly ignorant ( art1 no ?+ ( beauty t /ood 9 8 pa? escap$ fire & axe2 & smoke-m>ks along ! ar5a walls %[ to-day h[ n>r[ly !y escap$ ! irrep>able de/ruction :i* _h wip$ out ! ,=um1 ! ,capitol1 ! ,temple1 ! ,ba?s1 & all ! magnific5ce ( ,roman ,n>bonne4 ,to bo? ! e>ly & ! lat] ,middle ,ages1 ,roman rema9s _h sc>cely m mean+ ?an !y _h = ! ,franks4 ,! delicate ,temple ( ,trajan's wife1 scorn$ = its pagan associations1 0 us$ z a /able1 a /ore-h\se1 &1 purifi$ by prop] c]emonials1 x ev5 became a ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,! ,amphi!atre has _h a /ill /rang] de/9y4 ,to a m$iaeval ,visc\nt1 x 0 naturally inconceivable z a place ( amusem5t1 & z naturally1 he saw 9 its walls a /ronghold :]e he c\ld live z securely z ev] "l 9 ca/le4 ,z a =tress :i* successfully defi$ ,*>les ,m>tel1 x 0 a place ( no mean /r5g?1 & 9 #aajj x _h become a v]itable hornets' ne/1 buzz+ ) w>riors4 ,a few ye>s be=e1 ,pope ,urban ,,ii _h l&$ at ,maguelonne & ridd5 to ,cl]mont to prea* ! ,fir/ ,crusade4 ,on 8 return he /opp$ at ,nimes & held a ,c\ncil = ! same holy purpose4 ,raymond de ,sa9t-,gilles1 ,c\nt ( ,t\l\se & ov]lord ( ,nimes1 travell$ !re to meet ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 & amid ! wond]ful f]m5t ( en?usiasm :i* ! ,holy ,w> _h ar\s$1 ! ,s\? 0 pl$g$ anew to ?is romantic & w>-l phase ( ! cause ( ,*ri/4 ,tr5cavel1 ,visc\nt ( ,nimes1 loyal to ,god & 8 ,suz]a91 foll[$ ,raymond to ,pale/9e4 ,its natural protectors gone1 ! city =m$ a def5sive association call$ ! ,*evali]s ( ! ,ar5a4 ,z its "n implies1 ?is curi\s frat]nity 0 compos$ ( ! soldi]s ( ! anci5t amphi!atre4 ,l _m o!rs ( ! "t x 0 semi-milit>y1 semi-religi\s1 its memb]s b\nd by _m solemn oa?s & c]emonies1 & ?us1 by ! ecc5tricity ( fate1 ?is old pagan playgr\nd became a =tress consecrat$ to ,*ri/ian def5ce1 ! sc5e ( _m a solemn ,mass4 ,! divisions 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 :i* foll[$ s closely ! f]v\rs ( ! ,crusades1 7 mo/ disa/r\s to ,nimes4 ,f ! ,,xiii until ! ,,xvii c5turies1 w>s ( religion 7 int]rupt$ by suspici\s & unhe$$ truces1 & ^! 9 turn 7 brok5 by fre% outbur/s ( embitt]$ conte/4 ,an ally ( ! new ,crusad]s 9 ,simon de ,mont=t's day1 ,nimes became l>gely ,prote/ant 9 ! ,,xvi c5tury2 & 9 #aefg1 z if to av5ge ! injuries _! ance/ors _h =m]ly inflict$ on ! ,albig5ses1 ! ,nimois sack$ _! ,bi%op's ,palace & ?rew all ! ,ca?olics !y c\ld f9d d[n ! wells ( ! t[n4 ,?is celebration ( ,sa9t ,mi*ael's ,day 0 repaid at ! ,massacre ( ,sa9t ,b>?olomew4 ,! wise ,edict ( ,nantes br\ght a truce to ^! ho/ilities1--its revocation1 new p]secutions & flights4 ,a hundr$ ye>s lat] ! ,hugu5ots 7 aga9 9 =ce1 &1 aid$ by ! unre/ ( ! ,revolution1 successfully massacr$ ! ,ca?olics ( ! city2 & dur+ ! ,:ite ,t]ror ( #ahae ! ,ca?olics arose & av5g$ !mselves ) equal vig\r4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t ?is savage & v9dictive _s has *>act]is$ ! ,nimois ( ! la/ six hundr$ ye>s1 x is sc>cely surpris+ t !y %\ld pref] to dwell on ! remote antiquity ( _! city r ?an on ! un$ify+ episodes ( h] ,*ri/ian hi/ory4 ,betwe5 ! glories ( h] paganism & ! disputes ( ,*ri/ians1 ! ,fai? has /ruggl$ & surviv$2 b 9 ! ,ca!dral-build+ era1 religi\s en?usiasm 0 s (t5 exp5d$ 9 mutual fury & reprisals t nei!r "t nor ?\ght 0 left = t common & g5tle expression ( m$iaeval f]v\r1 ecclesia/ical ar*itecture4 ,& ! ,*ur* ( ,notre-,dame-et-,sa9t-,ca/or1 :i* w\ld seem to h suff]$ f ! neglect & ignorance ( bo? patrons & build]s1 is "o ( ! lea/ int]e/+ ,ca!drals 9 ,langu$oc4 ,a graceful gall]y ( ! nave1 :i* also surr\nds ! *oir1 is ! notable "p ( ! int]ior1 & ! insignificance ( ! ext]ior is reliev$ only by a frieze ( ! ,,xi & ,,xii c5turies4 ,on ?is frieze is sculptur$1 9 mu* int]e/+ detail1 ! ,biblical /ories ( ! e>ly ye>s ( mank9d2 b x is un=tunately plac$ s high on ! front wall t x seems badly proportion$ to ! facade1 & z a c>v$ detail x is almo/ indi/+ui%able4 ,z has be5 f9ely said ! :ole *ur* is gaunt & unbeautiful2 x is a depress+ mixture ( /yles1 ,roman1 ,romano-,byzant9e1 & ,go?ic2 & 9 /udy+ its "o f9e detail1 a photograph or a draw+ is mu* m satisfactory ?an an h\r's tantalis+ ef=t to see ! orig9al4 ,sid5ote3 ,montpelli]4 ,montpelli] is an agreeable city1 clean1 well-built1 int]sect$ by op5 squ>es ) wide-spread horizons1 & f9e1 broad b\lev>ds1 a city ^: di/9ctive *>act]i/ics w\ld appe> to be weal?1 & a ta/e = art1 leisure1 & /udy4 ,! ta/e & ! art are pr9cipally ^? ( ! pseudo-classic /yle1 an imitation ( anci5t ,greece & imp]ial ,rome1 :i* ! ,fr5* ( ! ,,xviii c5tury c>ri$ to su* unpleasant excess4 ,! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! imitation1 size & bomba/1 are well epitomis$ 9 ! pr9cipal /atue ( ,montpelli]'s f9e ,*amp de ,m>s1 :i* repres5ts ! high-heel$ & luxuri\s ,l\is ,,xiv 9 ! unfitt+ arm\r ( a ,roman ,imp]ator1 m\nt$ on a huge & re/ive *>g]4 ,su* affectation 9 ar*itectural subjects is ! dea?-bl[ to all real beauty & orig9ality1 & ,montpelli] has ga9$ little f its ,b\rbon patrons except a s]ies ( f9e broad vi/as4 ,no city c\ld (f] great] contra/ to ! anci5t & dignifi$ classicism ( ,nimes4 ,if ! m$iaeval orig9 ( ,montpelli] 7 n well kn[n1 "o w\ld believe x ! creation ( ! ,r5aissance1 & ! few n>r[1 tortu\s /reets ( ! old] days recall little ( its int5se pa/1 :5 ! city grew z nev] be=e nor s9ce1 :5 s*ol>s ( ! g5ius ( ,petr>* & ! wit ( ,rabelais s\ght h] out1 :5 %e belong$ to ,aragon or ,nav>re & n to ! ,k+ ( ,france4 ,?is is ! int]e/+ ,montpelli]4 ,9 ! ,,xiii c5tury1 %e _h a ,univ]sity :i* ! ,pope =mally sanction$1 & a s*ool ( m$ic9e f\nd$ by ,arabian physicians :i* rivall$ t ( ,p>is4 ,m significant /ill to ,langu$oc1 h] prosp]ity _h begun to ov]%ad[ t ( ! neighb\r+ ,bi%opric ( ,maguelonne1 & a bitt] rivalry sprang up betwe5 ! two cities4 ,f ! fir/ ,maguelonne 0 doom$4 ,%e _h no s*ools t c\ld rival ^? ( ,montpelli]2 %e ceas$ to gr[ z ! y\ng] city increas$ 9 fame & size1 till ev5 hi/ory pass$ h] by1 & ! /irr+ ev5ts ( ! times took place 9 ! /reets ( h] l>g] & m prosp]\s neighb\r4 ,f9ally %e 0 des]t$ by h] ,bi%ops1 & no long] upheld by _! episcopal dignity1 h] fall 0 s ov]:elm+ t to-day h] m$iaeval walls h crumbl$ to ! la/ /one & only a lonely old ,ca!dral rema9s to m>k h] greatness4 ,9 #aecf my ,"l ,bi%op1 ) mu* appropriate pomp & c]emony1 rode out ( h] gates & ent]$ ^? ( ,montpelli] z titul> ,bi%op = ! fir/ "t4 ,he did n f9d ! t[nsm5 s elat$ by ! new dignity ( ! city z to h brok5 gr\nd = a new ,ca!dral1 nor did he himself seem ambiti\s1 z 8 pr$ecessors ( ,maguelonne _h be51 to build a *ur* wor?y ( 8 rank4 ,h[ev]1 z a ,bi%op mu/ h a ,ca!dral-*ur*1 ! *apel ( ! ,b5$ict9e mona/]y 0 *os5 = ?is hon\r & solemnly consecrat$ ! ,ca!dral ( ,sa9t-,pi]re ( ,montpelli]4 ,?is *apel _h be5 built 9 ! ,,xiv c5tury1 & at ! "t ( ^! episcopal *anges1 only ! nave 0 f9i%$4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ,go?ic2 & z ?is /yle _h become mu* fav\r$ by ! ,s\? at ?is late p]iod1 ! ,bi%op mu/ h believ$ t he _h ! beg9n+ ( a v f9e & admirable ,ca!dral4 ,9 ! religi\s w>s :i* foll[$ #aecf1 succe$+ prelates f\nd mu* to di/ract !m f any fur!r build+2 ! ,ca!dral itself 0 s injur$ t su* att5tion z c\ld be sp>$ f h]etics to m]e ar*itectural details 0 devot$ to necess>y re/orations & recon/ructions1 & ! f9i%$ ,sa9t-,pi]re ( to-day is an edifice ( surpris+ mod]nity4 ,9 ! int]ior1 ! nave & aisles are p>tially ( old con/ruction1 b ! beautiful *oir is ! ,,xix c5tury build+ ( ,revoil4 ,( ! ext]ior1 ! entire apse is 8 also1 & z ! portal ( ! s\? wall 0 built 9 #ahhd & ! nor!rn side ( ! ,ca!dral is incorporat$ 9 t ( ! ,bi%op's ,palace1 only ! t[] & ! facade are m$iaeval4 ,illu/ration3 ,,its ,,g5]al ,,effect ,,is ,,some:at ,,t ,,( ,a ,,porte-,,co*]e4--,,montpelli]4 ,none ( ! t[]s h mu* ar*itectural significance1 ei!r ( beauty or orig9ality4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! decoration ( ! facade !y make b little impression4 ,?is decoration has m orig9al incongruity ?an any detail ev] appli$ to facade1 ,go?ic or ,romanesque1 & is an extreme example ( ! lic5se :i* s\!rn build]s all[$ !mselves 9 _! adaptation ( ! nor!rn /yle4 ,x is a vag>y1 & has appeal$ to "s ,anglo-,saxon travell]s1 b ,fr5* au?orities1 almo/ )\t diss5t1 allude to x apologetically z unp>donable4 ,its g5]al effect is some:at t ( a porte-co*]e1 ^: ro(+1 directly atta*$ to ! front wall1 is go?ically po9t$1 & support$ by two imm5se pill>s4 ,! pill>s end 9 cones t resemble no?+ 9 ! _w s mu* z sug>-loaves1 & ! :ole /ructure is m>vell\sly unique4 ,yet /range to say1 ! effect ( ! facade1 ) ! smoo?ness & r\ndness ( its pill>s & ! uncompromis+ squ>5ess ( its t[]s1 :ile altoge!r bad1 is n altoge!r unpleas+4 ,/&+ be=e x ! travell] 0 bo? bewild]$ & fasc9at$ z he saw t ev5 9 ! extravagance ( _! comb9ations1 ! build]s1 ) true s\!rn f9esse1 _h avoid$ bo? ! grotesque & ! mon/r\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,f9e/ ,,view ,,is ,,t ,,( ,,! ,,apse4--,,montpelli]4 ,z a :ole1 ,sa9t-,pi]re is a f9e ,ca!dral2 ?r\gh _m /ages ( build+1 enl>g+1 & re-con/ruct+1 its /yle has rema9$ consonant2 b ! g5]al impression is n altoge!r h>moni\s4 ,! p]spective ( ! we/]n front1 :i* %\ld be impos+1 is de/roy$ by a hill :i* slopes %>ply up be=e ! v portal4 ,! facade is atta*$ to ! imm5se1 unbrok5 wall ( ! old episcopal ,palace1 & ! maje/y1 :i* is a ,ca!dral's by v virtue ( its height alone1 is entirely de/roy$ by a seem+ly int]m9able bread? ( wall4 ,rev]s+ ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 ! f9e/ view is t ( ! apse4 ,& ?is mod]n "p is1 9 reality1 ! *ief ar*itectural glory ( ?is comp>atively new ,ca!dral & its comp>atively mod]n t[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,bezi]s4 ,y h only to look f a di/ance at any old-fa%ion$ ,ca!dral-city & y w see 9 a mom5t ! m$iaeval relations betwe5 ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,! ,ca!dral is ! city4 ,! fir/ object y cat* sight ( z y approa* is ! spire tap]+ into ! sky1 or ! huge t[]s hold+ possession ( ! c5tre ( ! l&scape--maje/ically beautiful--impos+ by m]e size4 ,z y g ne>]1 ! p9nacles are glitt]+ 9 ! t9ts ( ! sunset1 :5 d[n bel[ among ! /reets & lanes twilight is d>k5+4 ,& ev5 n[1 :5 ! t[ns are ?rice _! anci5t size1 444 ! ,ca!dral is /ill ! gov]n+ =ce 9 ! picture1 ! "o object :i* possesses ! imag9ation1 & refuses to be eclips$4 ,^! words are ! description ( ,bezi]s z x is be/ & mo/ impressively se54 ,f ! di/ance1 ! ,ca!dral & its ramp>ts rise 9 impos+ mass1 a f9e example ( ! /r5g?1 pride1 & supremacy ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z we approa*1 ! ,ca!dral gr[s mu* less impos+1 & its facade gives ! impression ( an unpleasant conglom]ation ( /yles4 ,x is n a =tress *ur*1 yet x 0 evid5tly built = def5ce2 x is ,go?ic1 yet ! lightness & grace ( t art are sacrific$ to ! massiv5ess & resi/ive /r5g?1 imp]atively requir$ by s\!rn ,ca!drals 9 times ( w>s & bellicose h]etics4 ,! :ole build+ seems a compromise betwe5 necessity & art4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a notable example ( ! ,go?ic ( ! ,s\?1 & ( ! modifications :i* t /yle inv>iably und]w5t1 ?r\gh ! arti/ic caprice ( its build]s1 or ! political =e-sight ( _! patrons1 ! ,bi%ops4 ,! facade ( ,sa9t-,nazaire ( ,bezi]s has a ,go?ic portal ( good b n notable proportions1 & a l>ge & beautiful rose-w9d[4 ,z if to protect ^! weak] & decorative attempts1 ! build] flank$ !m ) two squ>e t[]s1 ^: cr5ellat$ tops & solid1 heavy walls c\ld s]ve z /rongholds4 ,p]haps to reconcile ! irreconcilable1 cr5ellations jo9+ ! t[]s 7 plac$ ov] ! rose-w9d[1 & at ei!r end ( ! portal1 a few in*es ( ,go?ic c>v+ 7 cut 9 ! t[]-wall4 ,! result is frank incongruity4 ,& ! travell] left )\t regret1 to look at ! apse4 ,x _c be d5i$ t ! clock-t[] :i* comes into view is v squ>e & ?ick2 b 9 spite ( t x has a simple dignity1 & z ! apse itself is n florid1 ?is prov$ to be ! really pleas+ detail$ view ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,! op5 squ>e beh9d ! *ur* is t9y1 & !re "o c be/ see ! curi\s grill$ iron-"w1 :i* 9 ! times ( m$iaeval outbreaks protect$ ! f9e w9d[s ( ! *oir & pres]v$ !m = future g5]ations ( wor%ipp]s & admir]s4 ,x 0 aft] noon :5 ! travell] f9i%$ 8 inve/igations ( ,sa9t-,nazaire2 & z ! s\!rn *ur*es close betwe5 twelve & two1 he took dejeun] at a little cafe ne>-by & pati5tly wait$ = ! h\r ( re-op5+4 ,_h !re be5 no?+ b ! int]ior to explore1 he c\ld n h sp5t two h\rs 9 su* cont5t$ wait+4 ,b !re 0 a ,cloi/]1--& on ! /roke ( two he & ! sacri/an met be=e ! portal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,clock-,,t[] ,,is ,,v ,,squ>e ,,& ,,?ick4--,,bezi]s4 ,9 describ+ _! monum5ts1 ,fr5* guide-books conf9e !mselves to facts1 & ! adjectives f9e & rem>kable2 !y are almo/ always /rictly imp]sonal1 & ! travell] :o uses !m z a cic]one1 has a s5se ( unexpect$ discov]y1 a peculi> elation1 9 f9d+ a monum5t ( r>e beauty2 b he is nev] subject$ to t disappo9t$ irritation :i* comes :5 "o /&s be=e ! monum5t & feels t "o's expectations h be5 unduly /imulat$4 ,! ,cloi/] ( ,bezi]s is a f9e monum5t1 b z he walk$ ab\t x1 ! travell] felt no s5se ( elation4 ,he f\nd a small ,cloi/]1 ,go?ic l ! ,ca!dral1 ) clu/]$ columns & little ornam5tation4 ,x 0 n v completely re/or$1 & _h a sad1 melan*oly *>m1 l a solit>y sprig ( lav5d] 9 an old press1 or a rose-leaf betwe5 ! pages ( a worn & =gott5 ,missal4 ,9 ! ,cloi/]-close1 /&s a ,go?ic f\nta92 b ! days :5 its wat]s dropp$ & t9kl$ 9 ! /illness1 :5 _! s\nd m+l$ ) ! murmur$ pray]s & sl[ /eps ( ! prie/s1--^? days are long =gott54 ,! qua9t & pretty f\nta9 is n[ dry & du/-cov]$2 :ile ab\t x trees & plants & we$s gr[ z !y may1 & bits ( ! ,cloi/] columns h fall5 (f1 & ni*es are )\t _! gu>d+ ,sa9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,qua9t ,,& ,,pretty ,,f\nta94--,,bezi]s4 ,by contra/1 ! ,ca!dral itself seems full ( life4 ,its int]ior is an aisle-less ,go?ic room1 ^: f9e height & empt9ess ( column or detail give x an appe>ance ( va/ & well-conceiv$ proportions4 ,except ! really beautiful w9d[s ( ! *oir1 :i* are a /udy 9 !mselves1 !re is v little 9 ?is int]ior to hold ! m9d2 "o is lo/ 9 a pleasant s5se ( g5]al symmetry4 ,z ! travell] 0 sitt+ 9 ! nave1 a few prie/s fil$ into ! *oir1 & began1 9 quav]+ voices1 to intone _! pray]s1 & 9 ! peacefulness ( ! *ur*1 9 ! trembl+ monotony ( ! weak1 old voices1 8 ?\ghts w&]$ to ! /irr+ hi/ory :i* _h be5 liv$ ab\t ! ,ca!dral1 & )9 its v walls4 ,= ,bezi]s 0 & _h always be5 a hot-b$ ( h]etics4 ,"h 9 ! ,,iv c5tury1 long be=e ! build+ ( ! ,ca!dral1 ! ,emp]or ,con/antius ,,ii =c$ ! unwill+ ,ca?olic ,bi%ops ( ,gaul to jo9 _! h]etical ,aryan bre?r5 9 ,c\ncil2 "h ! equally h]etical ,visigo?s gave new /r5g? to ! diss5t]s2 & "h1 aga91 aft] c5turies ( or?odoxy :i* ,clovis _h impos$1 a new c5tre ( religi\s /orm 0 =m$4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is p]iod1 ! ,,xii & ,,xiv c5turies1 t ! ,ca!dral 0 built2 & x is p]haps because ( ! /r5g? ( ^? ,fr5* prote/ants aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 ! ,albig5ses1 t its ess5tially ,go?ic /yle 0 s confus$ by milit>y additions4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! tr\bl\s times ( :i* ^! t[]s are rem9d]s1 ,raymond-,rog] ( ,tr5cavel1 ! gallant & romantic ,"l ( ,c>cassonne1 0 also ,visc\nt ( ,bezi]s2 & contr>y to ! fanatical en?usiasm ( 8 day1 0 mu* dispos$ t[>d religi\s tol]ation2 !re=e 9 ! e>ly w>s ( ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants ! city ( ,bezi]s became ! refuge n only = ! t]rifi$ ,fai?ful ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 b = _m hunt$ ,prote/ants4 ,9 ! ,,xiii c5tury1 ! zeal ( ! ,ca?olic p>ty1 re9=c$ by ! political int]e/s ( its memb]s1 grew mo/ hot & dang]\s4 ,sa9t ,dom9ic _h come into ! ,s\?2 & 9 8 fe>ful1 fi]y s]mons1 he n only prophesi$ t ! ,albig5ses w\ld swell ! numb] ( ! damn$ at ! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 b also advocat$ t1 liv+1 !y %\ld "k ! hell ( ,inquisition4 ,p>tisans ( ! ,ca?olic ,fai? 7 solemnly consecrat$ ,crusad]s by ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii1 & wore ! cross 9 ^! ,w>s ( ,ext]m9ation z !y _h worn x 9 ! ,holy ,w>s ( ,pale/9e4 ,9 #abji _! army advanc$ aga9/ ,bezi]s1 & f out _! ,c\ncils ! lead]s s5t ! ,bi%op ( ! city to admoni% 8 flock4 ,all ! inhabitants 7 summon$ to meet him1 & !y ga!r$ 9 ! *oir & transepts ( ! ,ca!dral1--! only p>ts :i* 7 f9i%$ at t "t4 ,"o c imag9e ! anxi\s citiz5s cr[d+ into ! *ur*1 ! com+ ( ! ang]$ prelate1 ^: /ate & fr[n 7 well calculat$ to intimidate ! wav]+1 & ! t5se sil5ce z he pass$1 ) grave bless+1 to ! alt>4 ,9 a few words1 he advis$ !m ( _! p]il1 spiritual & mat]ial2 he told !m he knew well :o 0 true & :o false to ! ,*ur*1 t he _h1 9 writt5 li/1 ! v names ( ! h]etics !y seem$ to h>b\r4 ,!n he begg$ !m to deliv] ^? traitors into 8 h&s1 & _! city to ! ,legate ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,9 few] words came _! answ]2 ,v5]able ,fa!r1 all t are "h are ,*ri/ians1 & we see among/ u only our bre?r54 ,su* words 7 a refusal1 a he9\s s91 & dread mu/ h be5 writt5 on e face1 z )\t a ^w or sign ( bless+1 ! outrag$ ,bi%op swept f ! *ur* & return$ to ! camp ( _! enemy4 ,! ,crusad]s' ,c\ncils 7 /ormy2 = "s ( ! nobles wi%$ to save ! ,ca?olics1 o!rs cri$ out = ! ext]m9ation ( ! :ole rebelli\s place1 & f9ally ! *ol]ic ,legate1 ,arm&-,amaury1 ,abbot ( ,citeaux1 c\ld /& x no long]1 & cri$ out fi]cely1 ,kill !m all6 ,god w "k ,8 own4 ,! words ( _! ,legate 7 f9al1 ! army attack$ ! city1 &--z ,h5ri ,m>t9 f9ely writes1--nei!r fun]al toll+s nor bell-r++s1 nor ,canons 9 all _! prie/ly robes c\ld avail1 all 7 put to ! sword2 n "o 0 sav$1 & x 0 ! sadde/ pity ev] se5 or he>d4 ,! city 0 pillag$1 0 fir$1 0 deva/at$ & burn$ till no liv+ ?+ rema9$4 ,no liv+ ?+ rema9$ to tell ! awful tale1 & yet ) "t & indu/ry1 a new & =getful ,bezi]s has ris5 to all its old pre/ige & _m times its =m] size2 ! ,ca!dral alone 0 left1 & its mo/ memorable tale to our day is n t ( ! abid+ peace ( ! ,fai?1 b t ( ! t]rible trave/y ( religion ( ! tw5ty-second ( ,july1 hundr$s ( ye>s ago4 ,sid5ote3 ,n>bonne4 ,n>bonne is /ill mighty & heal?ful1 if "o is to judge f ! activities ( ! pres5t day2 is picturesque & pleas+1 & f> m com=tably dispos$ ?an _m cities ) a m magnific5tly impos+ situation4 ,^! words1 :i* 7 runn+ 9 ! travell]'s m9d1 grew m & m d]isive1 m & m ironical1 z he walk$ ab\t ,n>bonne4 ,n 9 all ! ,s\? ( ,france _h he se5 a city s depress+4 ,h] decl9e has be5 cont9u\s = ! long five hundr$ ye>s s9ce ! ,roman dykes gave way & %e 0 cut (f f ! sea4 ,agde1 almo/ z old1 displays ! decl9e ( a dignifi$1 retir$ old age2 ,sa9t-,gilles-du-,g>d 0 z dirty1 b n a :it z pret5ti\s2 ,nimes 0 maje/ically antique2 ,n>bonne1 simply sordid4 ,x is sad to ?9k t ov] two ?\s& ye>s ago %e 0 a second ,m>seilles1 t %e 0 ! fir/ ( ,rome's transalp9e colonies1 & t "u ,tib]ius h] s*ools rivall$ ^? ( ! ,capital ( ! _w4 ,x is sadd] to ?9k t all ! magnific5ce ( ,roman luxury1 ( sculptur$ m>ble--a ,=um1 ,capitol1 ,temples1 ,ba?s1 ,triumphal ,ar*es1--/ood :]e dre>y r[s ( semi-mod]n h\ses n[ /&4 ,x is almo/ impossible to believe 9 ! lo/ gr&eur ( ?is city1 & t x 0 v]itably "u ! tutelage ( s great & sup]b a god z ,m>s4 ,! ev5tful ,*ri/ian p]iod ( ,n>bonne 0 v not$ b n v long4 ,h] melan*oly decay began z e>ly z ! ,,xiv c5tury4 ,( h] great antiquity no?+ is left b a few hack$ & mutilat$ c>v+s2 ( h] ambiti\s ,m$iaevalism1 no?+ b an unf9i%$ gr\p ( ecclesia/ical build+s4 ,long gone is ! lordly ,n>bo d$icat$ to ,m>s1 gone ! city ( ! ,lat9 poet1 ^: words repeat$ to-day 9 h] /reets are a bitt] mock]y1 & gone ! /ronghold ( m$iaeval times4 ,!re rema9s a r>e ph5om5on = cleanly ,france1--a dirty city1 ^: old] sections are rem9isc5t ( unbeautiful old age1 decrepit & unwa%$2 & ^: newly project$ b\lev>ds are di/+ui%$ by tawdry & pret5ti\s y\?4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is city1 /&s a gr\p ( m$iaeval *ur*ly build+s1 ! ,palace ( ! prelate1 8 ,ca!dral1 & an adjo9+ ,cloi/]4 ,!y are all ei!r neglect$1 unf9i%$1 or re-built2 b are ( s noble a plan t ! travell] feels a div9e wra? t !y %\ld nev] h rea*$ _! full gr&eur ( completion1 t ?is great ar*itectural "w %\ld h be5 begun s ne> ! close ( ! city's prosp]ity1 & t 9 spite ( sev]al ef=ts x has nev] be5 half complet$4 ,x is z if a fatality hung ov] ! :ole place1 & z if all ! greatness ,n>bonne _h conceiv$ 0 pr$e/9$ to de/ruction or incompletion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,cloi/]4--,,n>bonne4 ,( ! ?ree /ructures1 ! lea/ int]e/+ is ! =m] ,palace ( ! ,ar*bi%ops4 ,?is is n[ ! ,hotel-de-,ville1 & z all ! body ( ! /ructure betwe5 ! t[]s ( ! ,,xii c5tury 0 built 9 our day by ,viollet-le-,duc1 v little ( ! old ,palace c prop]ly be said to exi/4 ,besides its two pr9cipal t[]s1 a small] "o1 a gate1 & a *apel rema94 ,viollet-le-,duc has con/ruct$ ! ,hotel-de-,ville aft] ! p]fectly appropriate /yle ( ! ,,xiii c5tury1 b its /one is s new & its atmosph]e s mod]n & republican t ! travell] left x )\t regret & made 8 way up ! d>k1 /eep1 badly-pav$ alley-way :i* leads to ! door ( ! ,cloi/]4 ,?is ,cloi/]1 :i* sep>at$ ! ,palace f ! ,ca!dral1 is n[ dre>y & desolate & neglect$4 ,l ! ,ca!dral1 x is ,go?ic1 ) sadly decay+ traces ( graceful ornam5t4 ,! little plot ( enclos$ gr\nd1 :i* %\ld be plant$ 9 grass or ) a few fl[]s1 is a m]e dirt c\rt1 tramp$ ov] by ! few wor%ipp]s :o ent] ! ,ca!dral ?is way4 ,two or ?ree trees gr[ z !y w1 gn>l$ or /raight4 ,! s5se ( peaceful melan*oly :i* ! travell] _h felt 9 ! ,cloi/] ( ,bezi]s is want+ "h4 ,?is is a place ( des]t$ solitude2 & ) a sigh = ! beauty t might h be51 ! travell] cross$ ! enclosure & ent]$ ! *ur* by ! cloi/]-door4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?is ,,is ,a ,,place ,,( ,,des]t$ ,,solitude4--,,n>bonne4 ,ar*itecturally dissimil>1 ! fate ( ?is ,ca!dral is n unlike t ( ,beauvais4 ,ea* 0 de/9$ to h a complet$ *oir1 & ea* to rema9 )\t a nave4 ,at ,beauvais ! addition ( transepts adds v mat]ially to ! beauty ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,at ,n>bonne no transepts exi/4 ,!re is simply a *oir1 :i* makes a v s+ul> disposition ( ! *ur* bo? religi\s & ar*itectural4 ,ent]+ ! gates :i* lead f ! ambulatory to ! *oir1 ! travell] f\nd t ,b5$iction _h j begun4 ,on 8 imm$iate "r1 be=e ! alt> all agl[ ) lights1 7 ! (ficiat+ prie/s & ! alt>-boys2 on 8 left1 9 ! *oir1 0 ! congregation 9 ! ,canons' /alls2 & at ! back1 z at ! end ( a nave1 rose ! organ4 ,! travell] walk$ ab\t ! ambulatory1 & lean+ aga9/ ! f>!/ wall1 tri$ to view ! *ur*1 only to be baffl$4 ,!re 0 no p]spective4 ,! ambulatory is v n>r[ & ! *oir-scre5 v high4 ,! impressions he =m$ 7 p>tly imag9ative1 p>tly inductive2 & ! cle>e/ "o 0 t ( %e] height1 /raight1 sup]human height t is "o ( ! unmat*able glories ( ,fr5* ,go?ic4 ,"h ! travell] ?\ght aga9 ( ,beauvais1 & wi%$ z he _h s (t5 wi%$ 9 ! nor!rn ,ca!dral & ) some?+ ( ! same int5sity1 t ?is fre$om & maje/y ( height might h be5 glori\sly cont9u$ & complet$ 9 ! nave4 ,su* a *ur* z 8 imag9ation pictur$ w\ld h be5 wor?y ( a place ) ! be/ ( nor!rn ,go?ic4 ,n[ x is a sugge/ion1 a beg9n+ ( greatness2 & its *ief glory lies 9 ! simplicity & directness ( its height4 ,clu/]$ columns rise pla9ly to ! po9t$ ,go?ic ro(4 ,!re is s m>k$ an abs5ce ( c>v+ t x seems z if ornam5tation w\ld h be5 weak5+ & trammell+4 ,x is n b>5ess1 b beautiful firmness1 :i* refre%es & uplifts ! he>t ( man z ! sight ( "s isl& m\nta9 ris+ %e] f ! sea4 ,! ext]ior ( ! ,ca!dral1 impos+ f a di/ance1 is r complicat$ 9 its unf9i%$ compromise ( detail4 ,9 ! ,,xv c5tury1 two t[]s 7 built :i* flank ! we/]n end z t[]s usually flank a facade2 & ?is gives ! *ur* a =e%ort5$ effect4 ,( real facade !re is none1 & ! front wall :i* protects ! *oir is pla9ly tempor>y4 ,9 front ( ?is wall !re are portions ( ! unf9i%$ nave1 /ones & o!r build+ mat]ials1 a scaffold+1 & a bo>d f5ce2 & ! only pleasure ! travell] c\ld f9d 9 ?is confusion 0 ! fancy t he _h discov]$ ! old-"t appe>ance ( a ,ca!dral 9 ! mak+4 ,! apse is practically complet$1 & "o has ! curi\s s5sation t x is a build+ )\t portals4 ,hav+ no facade1 x has none ( ! great front entrances common to ! ,go?ic /yle2 nei!r has x ! usual lat]al door4 ,! *oir is ent]$ by ! tempor>y doors ( ! pseudo-facade2 ! ambulatory is ent]$ ?r\gh ! ,cloi/]1 or a pretty little ,go?ic door-way :i* if x 7 n ! *ief entrance ( ! *ur*1 w\ld prop]ly seem to h be5 built = ! cl]gy r ?an = ! p :o n[ use x4 ,if ^! portals are /rangely unimportant1 _! insignificance does n detract mat]ially f ! /atel9ess ( ! apse1 :i* is creat$ by its great height--"o hundr$ & ?irty feet 9 ! int]ior measurem5t--& ! magnific5t fly+-buttresses4 ,^! fly+-buttresses give to ! ext]ior its mo/ curi\s & beautiful effect4 ,!y are a =m ( ,go?ic seldom attempt$ 9 ! ,s\?1 & exi/ "h 9 a r exceptional con/ruction4 ,ov] ! *apels :i* surr\nd ! apse rise a s]ies ( d\ble-ar*$ supports1 ! out] ones end+ 9 little turrets ) surm\nt+ cr5ellations4 ,on ^! supports1 aft] a spl5did outw>d sweep1 re/ ! abutm5ts ( ! fly+ ar*es4 ,^! h a f9e sure grace & )al a lightness t relieves ! heav9ess impos$ on ! *ur* by ! t[]s & ! imm5se /r5g? ( ! body ( ! apse4 ,!y are ! *ief z well z ! mo/ sali5t glory ( ! ext]ior1 & give to ! ,ca!dral its peculi> individuality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,^! ,,fly+-,,buttresses ,,give ,,to ,,! ,,ext]ior ,,its ,,mo/ ,,curi\s ,,& ,,beautiful ,,effect4--,,n>bonne4 ,ap>t f its buttresses1 ,sa9t-,j has little decorative /yle4 ,its cr5ellations & turrets are milit>y & =ceful1 n ornate4 ,= ! *ur* _h its def5sive z truly z its religi\s purpose1 & =m]ly 0 unit$ on ! ,nor? ) ! =tifications ( ! ,palace1 & contribut$ to ! protection ( its prelates z well z to _! ar*-episcopal pre/ige4 ,9 spite ( ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t1 ! ,palace1 ! ,cloi/]1 & ! ,ca!dral seem 9 ! h&s ( /rang]s4 ,! travell] :o _h long$ to see !m 9 _! f9i%$ magnific5ce realis$ ! futility ( ?is wi%1 b he turn$ away ) ano!r z va91 t he might h kn[n !m ev5 9 incompletion1 :5 !y 7 9 ! h&s ( ! ,*ur*1 :5 ! ,ar*bi%op /ill rul$ 9 8 ,palace1 :5 ! ,canons pray$ 9 ! ,cloi/]1 & ! ,ca!dral 0 /ill a-build+4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]pignan4 ,p]pignan1 l ,elne1 is 9 ,r\sillon4 ,! p]iod ( h] mo/ brilliant prosp]ity 0 t ( ! ,majorcan dom9ion 9 ! ,,xii c5tury4 ,lat] %e rev]t$ to ,aragon1 & 0 /ill s f9e a city t = two hundr$ ye>s ,france covet$ & s\ght h]1 until %e f9ally yield$ to ! gre$y a/ut5ess ( ,ri*elieu & became =mally annex$ to ! k+dom ( ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,p]pignan is a gay little t[n1 mu* affect$ by ! g5ius & indol5ce ( ! ,spani% race4 ,morn+ is "w-"t1 noon-tide is sie/a1 b aft]noon & ev5+ 7 made = pleasure2 & e bright day1 :5 ! sun beg9s to ca/ %ad[s1 p fill ! n>r[1 %ady /reets & walk along ! prom5ade by ! %all[ riv]1 "u ! beautiful plane-trees4 ,! pavem5ts 9 front ( ! cafes are fill$ ) little r\nd tables1 & "h & !re small gr\ps ( m5 idle *e]fully ov] t9y glasses ( liqueur & cups ( cool1 black c(fee2 p]haps !y talk a little bus9ess1 c]ta9ly !y gossip a great deal4 ,noisy little teams fill$ ) m]ry p run d[n f ! ,prom5ade to ! sea-%ore2 & aft] an h\r's dip1 almo/ 9 ! %ad[ ( ! tall ,pyr5ees1 ! same m]ry p return1 laugh+1 to a cool] ,p]pignan4 ,9 ! ev5+1 !y seek ! bright cafes & ! wait]s run busily to & fro among ! cr[d$ little tables2 ! n>r[ /reets1 imp]fectly light$1 are full ( mov+ %ad[s1 & ?r\gh ! op5 *ur*-doors1 c&les wav] 9 ! fitful draught1 & quiet wor%ipp]s pass f alt> to alt> 9 p5ance or 9 supplication4 ,all ! old build+s ( ! city are ( ,spani% orig94 ,! prison is ! brick1 battlem5t$ ca/le ( a ,majorcan ,san*o1 ! ,citadel is z old1 & ! ,aragonese ,b\rse is divid$ betwe5 ! t[n-hall & ! city's mo/ popul> cafe4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,sa9t-,jean1 :i* faces a desolate1 little squ>e1 0 also begun 9 ,majorcan days & "u t ,san*o :o rul$ 9 #acbd4 ,at fir/ x 0 m]ely a *ur*2 = ,elne _h always be5 ! seat ( ! ,bi%opric ( ,r\sillon1 & al?\gh ! t[n _h suff]$ f _m w>s & _h long be5 decl9+1 x 0 n %orn ( its episcopal glory until !re 0 suffici5t political reason = ! act4 ,?is arose 9 #afib1 & 0 bas$ on ! old-"t ,fr5* & ,spani% claims to ! same c\nty to :i* ^! two cities belong$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,all ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,build+s ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,are ,,( ,,spani% ,,orig94--,,p]pignan4 ,ov] a hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*>les ,,viii _h pl5>ily c$$ to ,f]d9& & ,isabella all p[] 9 ,r\sillon1 ev5 t %ad[y feudal ,suz]a9ty ) :i*1 9 default ( actual possession1 _m a =m] ,fr5* k+ _h consol$ himself & irritat$ a royal ,spani% bro!r4 ,f]d9& & ,isabella promptly visit$ _! new possessions1 & made solemn entry into ,p]pignan4 ,un=tunately ! ,inquisition came 9 _! tra91 & ! unb\nd$ zeal ( ! ,holy ,(fice br\ght ! ,spani% rule :i* protect$ x into ev]-increas+ disfav\r4 ,9 va9 ,philip ,,iii aga9 be/[$ on ,p]pignan ! title ( fai?ful city1 :i* %e _h fir/ receiv$ f ,john ( ,aragon = h] loyal resi/ance to ,l\is ,,xi2 9 va9 he ennobl$ sev]al ( h] inhabitants & transf]r$ to h]1 f ,elne1 ! episcopal p[]4 ,! city 0 ready = new & k9d] ma/]s ?an ! ,mo/ ,ca?olic ,k+s1 & 9 #afdb ! ,fr5* 7 receiv$ z lib]ators4 ,dur+ all ^! ye>s ! ,ca!dral _h gr[n v sl[ly4 ,comm5c$ 9 #acbd1 ov] a c5tury elaps$ be=e ! *oir 0 f9i%$ & ! build+ ( ! nave 0 n begun until a hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,! ,high ,alt>1 a ,por*1 & ! iron cage ( ! t[] 7 add$ ) equal delib]ation1 & ev5 to-day x is /ill unf9i%$4 ,! mo/ beautiful "p is ! /rongly buttress$ apse2 ! poore/1 ! unf9i%$ facade1 :i* has be5 v fitly describ$ z pla9 & mean4 ,look+ disconsolately at x f ! des]t$ squ>e1 sc>cely tempt$ to g ne>]1 ! travell] 0 a/\nd$ at ! ?\ght t = sev]al c5turies ?is unsightly wall _h />$ on g5]ations ( wor%ipp]s )\t goad+ !m into any fr5zy ( action1--ei!r de/ructive or con/ructive4 ,8 only com=t lay 9 ! scaffold+ :i* 0 build+ ar\nd x1 & :i* seem$ to promise bett] ?+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,unf9i%$ ,,facade4--,,p]pignan4 ,! int]ior ( ! ,ca!dral is v l>ge & l(ty4 ,x is )\t aisles & ! *apels are discreetly hidd5 betwe5 ! pi]s4 ,f> above "o's head curves ! ribb$ ,go?ic vault+1 & all ar\nd is unbrok5 space t ends 9 d>kness or ! vague outl9e ( an alt>1 dimly light$ by a flick]+ c&le4 ,! walls are pa9t$ 9 ri*1 sombre col\rs1 & ! light comes v g5tly ?r\gh ! good old /a9$-glass w9d[s4 ,x is a s\!rn *ur*1 d>k1 cool1 & some:at my/]i\s2 q =eign to ! gl>e & heat ( reality4 ,p are lo/ 9 its solemn va/ness1 & ev5 ) _m wor%ipp]s x is a solitude :]e mo/ holy vigils c\ld be kept1 a my/ic place :]e ! s\!rn imag9ation might well lose itself 9 su* sacr$ ard\rs z ,sa9t ,!resa felt4 ,! travell] lik$ to l+] "h2 9 ! day-"t :5 he pe]$ va9ly at ! re-r$os ( ,sol] de ,b>celona1 at ,mass-"t1 :5 ! light$ alt>-c&les glimm]$ ov] its f9e old m>ble1 b be/ ( all he lik$ to come at night4 ,^? summ] nights 9 ,r\sillon 7 hot & full ( ! murmur ( voices4 ,! ,ca!dral 0 ! only sil5t place2 m full ?an ev] ( ! my/]i\s--! felt & ! unse54 ,z "o ent]$1 ! sanctu>y light %one z a /> out ( a night ( d>kness2 9 a ne>-by *apel1 a c&le sputt]$ itself away1 & a woman--:e!r old or "y "o c\ld n see--light$ a fre% tap]4 ,sometimes a man knelt & told 8 beads1 sometimes two wom5 ent]$ & sep>at$ = _! diff]+ ne$s & pray]s4 ,sometimes "o sat 9 m$itation1 or knelt1 unmov+1 = a space ( "t2 once a *ild br\ght a new c&le to ,sa9t ,antony2 always "s "o came or "s "o w5t1 until ! h\r ( clos+4 ,!n1 ! bell 0 rung1 ! door %ut by a h& b dimly se51 & ! la/ few wat*]s w5t out--across ! little squ>e1 d[n ?is /reet or t1 until !y 7 lo/ 9 ! d>kness ( ! summ]'s night4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/ony ,,/reet ,,( ,,! ,,hillside4--,,c>cassonne4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>cassonne4 ,! tra9 puff$ into ! /ation at ,c>cassonne1 & ! impati5t travell]1 ?r[+ 8 bags into an hotel omnibus1 ask$ = ! ,ca!dral & walk$ eag]ly on t he might ! m quickly see 9 l9e ! city on ! hill1 ! ca/le walls z gr& z ^? ( ,babylon1 & gaze at la/ on ,c>cassonne4 ,8 m9d 0 full ( ! poem1 & fai?fully foll[+ directions1 he hurri$ ?r\gh clean1 n>r[ /reets until he came at l5g?1 n ^u a poetic vision ( battlem5t$ walls & t[]s1 b on ! mo/ prosaic ( b\lev>ds & ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9t-,mi*el :i* has be5 ! ,ca!dral s9ce #ahjc1 a l>ge1 unc\? build+ ) a big1 unf9i%$ t[]4 ,!re is no facade portal1 & a small door-way 9 ! nor? side leads into ! great vault$ hall1 "o ( ! mo/ usual & commonplace =ms ( ! ,go?ic int]ior ( ! ,s\?4 ,?is room1 :i* is pa9t$1 receives light f a beautiful rose-w9d[ at ! ,we/1 & a s]ies ( small roses1 l m9iatures ( ! great] "o1 are cut 9 ! upp] walls ( ! nave2 & little *apels1 *>act]is$ by ! same heavy monotony :i* hangs l a pall ov] ! :ole ,ca!dral1 are lo/ 9 ! *ur*'s capaci\s flanks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,cross4--,,c>cassonne4 ,hav+ lo/ mu* ( 8 en?usiasm1 ! travell] ask$ = ! old--he _h almo/ said ! real--,ca!dral1 & ) new directions1 he />t$ afre%4 ,leav+ ! well-built1 agreeable1 commonplace ,l[] city ( ! pla91 he came to ! bridge1 & !re1 sitt+ on its p>apet1 ne> ! anci5t ,cross1 he fea/$ 8 long+ eyes on t p]fect vision ( ,m$iaevalism4 ,! high1 arid1 & almo/ isolat$ hill ( ! ,cite /ood be=e him1 & at ! top rose battlem5ts & flank+ t[]s 9 d\ble range1 bri/l+1 w>-l1 & /rong2 yet beautiful 9 _! mass ( unev51 peak$ t[]-ro(s & cr5ellations4 ,he climb$ we>ily up ! /ony /reet ( ! hillside1 & z he pass$ ?r\gh ! op5 gate1 he realis$ t ,hunnewell _h writt5 truly :5 he said ,c>cassonne is a romance ( travel4 ,= he w5t into a t[n s quiet1 into /reets s /ill1 s we$-gr[n1 & lonely1 & yet s well built1 t he felt z a fairy pr9ce :o has p5etrat$ into "s en*ant$ ca/le1 & x seem$ z if ! inhabitants 7 asleep 9 ! upp] rooms1 beh9d ^? b[$ w9d[s1 & z if1 :5 ! my/]i\s ^w ( dis5*antm5t %\ld be utt]$1 all w\ld come troop+ =?1 m5-at-arms hurry+ to clean _! ru/y swords1 old wom5 trudg+ along to fill _! du/y pit*]s at ! well1 & y\ng] wom5 />+ f doors & w9d[s to see ! /rang] )9 _! /reets4 ,! ,cadets de ,gascogne knew ! city be=e ! evil spell ( mod]n times 0 ca/ ab\t x4 ,!y "k & miss x n[4 ,& al?\gh !y may no long] we> ! plum$ hat & clank+ sword ( _! ance/ors1 ! _s b5ea? _! m conv5tional g>b is z gay & d>+ z t ( ,cadets m picturesque4 ,!y h conceiv$ a plan z excit+ z any old adv5ture1 an idea :i* !y pres5t to ! _w1 n z ,cyrano1 _! mo/ fam\s memb]1 0 wont to convey 8 ?\ghts at ! end ( a sword1 b none ! less dext]\sly & delightfully4 ,?is plan1 l ! magic ^w ( ! travell]'s fancy1 is to make ! old ,c>cassonne live aga91 n z ! travell] _h timidly imag9$1 9 "t ( peace1 b 9 ! /irr+ times ( w> & battle1 & its magic ^w is ! siege ( ,c>cassonne4 ,truly x is b a matt] ( b5gal lights1 blank c>tridges1 & fire-crack]s1 ?\gh = ! matt] ( t1 ,c9d]ella's coa* 0 b a pumpk91 yet ! effect 0 none ! less real4 ,illu/ration3 ,,(t51 ,,too ,,little ,,"t ,,is ,,sp5t ,,^u ,,! ,,nave4--,,c>cassonne4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! siege1 a r>e1 great fete1 ! =ces ( ! ,cadets ) _! lights & ammunition are 9 ! upp] t[n1 & long be=e d>k1 _! fri5ds & e inhabitant ( ! c\ntry = miles ar\nd h ga!r$ 9 ! h\ses :i* face ! ,cite1 on ! bridges1 & along ! banks ( ! little ,aude4 ,z ! sunlight fades & ! %ad[s creep along1 a /range feel+ ( expectancy comes ov] ev]ybody1 a hu%1 almo/ a dread ( dang]4 ,! t[]s on ! hill-top loom d>k aga9/ ! sky & ! battlem5ts bri/le 9 ! moonlight1 no s\nd comes f ! ,cite1 & x seems to lay 9 unconc]n$ security4 ,memories ( besieg+ armies :i* h va9ly encamp$ 9 ?is valley return to ! travell]'s m9d1 memories ( ! trea*]ies ( ,simon de ,mont=t1 & he wond]s if any crusad+ s5t9el ev] pac$ :]e he n[ /&s wat*+ along ! ,aude1 if any spy or ev5 ! t]rible ,simon himself _h ev] crept s ne> ! walls to reconnoitre4 ,sudd5ly e "o is />tl$ by ! s\nd ( di/ant %ots1 :i* are repeat$ ne>] ! walls4 ,e "o pe]s into ! d>kness4 ,!re is no sign ( life on wall or t[]1 ! attack+ =ce mu/ /ill be climb+ ! hill1 out ( range ( ! /ones & burn+ oil ( ! def5d]s4 ,m %ots are fir$1 & n[ !re are answ]+ %ots f ! besieg$2 & s naturally does ! d9 increase1 t "o c foll[1 by li/5+1 ! progress ( ! attack & ! sl[1 sure ga9 ( ! invad]4 ,"s ( ! illusion ( ! anxiety & m5tal t5sion :i* w> br+s1 /eals ov] ! wat*+ cr[d1 & !y brea?lessly await ! outcome ( ! /ruggle4 ,! attack+ p>ty is n[ se5 "u ! walls--n[ on !m--!y ?r[ wads ( burn+ cotton1 :i* are at fir/ ext+ui%$4 ,!y /ill ga9--!y fire ! walls 9 sev]al places2 & ! def5d]s1 :o c be se5 9 ! fla%es ( light1 run frantically to ! dang] spots2 b !y are gradually ov]come1 beat5 back by ! int5sity ( ! heat4 ,flames n[ bur/ =? f a t[]2 !re is an explosion1 & ! fire curls & creeps along ! walls un*eck$4 ,ano!r explosion foll[s1 ano!r bur/ ( flames :i* so> high] & high]4 ,! m5 ( ! ,cite seem /ill m frantic & p[]less4 ,all ! t[]s n[ /& out 9 bold relief1--z if !y 7 j ab\t to crumble into ! see?+ mass bel[4 ,ro(s )9 ! walls are on fire1 & f9ally a r$ tongue licks ! turret ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,9 a few seconds its walls are hide\sly agl[1 & ! p 9 ! valley--al?\gh !y "k ! tru?--groan al\d1 s real is ! illusion4 ,! nave l9es ( ! ,ca!dral are silh\ett$ z x burns1 ! fires along ! walls gr[+ bright]1 spread gradually at fir/1--!n rapidly1 & ! :ole ,cite is ! prey ( great1 wav+ cl\ds ( flame & smoke4 ,m5 & wom51 z if fasc9at$ by ?is lurid & magnific5t de/ruction1 press =w>d to get ! la/ view ( ! ,ca!dral's lovely rose1 or ! peak$ ro( ( "s t[] :i* is de> to !m4 ,b sl[ly ! deep r$ flames are gr[+ pal]1 less /rong1 & less high4 ,!n ! gl>e1 too1 beg9s to die away2 ! fire turns to smoke & ! light becomes grey & mi/y4 ,x is all ov]1 "s "o :isp]s1 & ) backw>d glances at ! *>r$1 smold]+ hill-top1 !y turn sil5tly t[>ds home4 ,a few1 sitt+ on ! /one p>apet ( ! bridge1 rema9 to talk ( ! ev5+'s magic1 ( ! inspiration ( ! ,cadets de ,gascogne1 & o!r sc5es :i* _! memory sugge/s1 ( w>s & rum\rs ( o!r w>s4 ,& :5 at l5g? !y turn to g1 !y see ! moonlight on ! glimm]+ ,aude1 ! peaceful l[] city1 & above1 ,c>cassonne--! ,inv9cible--ris+ f h] a%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,*oir ,,is ,,( ,,! ,,xiv ,,c5tury4--,,c>cassonne4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,facade--,,/raight ,,& ,,massive4--,,c>cassonne4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ! ,cite is wor?y ( great protect+ walls & !re are few *ur*es ^: de/ruction w\ld h be5 s sad a bl[ to ! ar*itecture ( ! ,midi4 ,sa9t-,nazaire is typical at once ( ! orig9ality ( ! s\!rn build]s1 ( _! idealism1 & _! joy\s fre$om f conv5tional ?rall4 ,! facade1 /raight1 & massive1 has ! fr[n+ sev]ity ( an old donjon wall4 ,its t[]s are solid masses ( heavy /one2 in/ead ( spires1 !re are cr5ellations2 in/ead ( graceful fly+-buttresses at ! sides1 !re are solid1 upright supports on ! firm1 pla9 side-walls4 ,?is is ! true old ,romanesque4 ,a few /eps fur!r1 & ! apse appe>s1 z great a contra/ to ! body ( ! *ur* z a bit ( ,me*l9 lace to a coat-(-mail4 ,a little t[] ) g>goyles1 ano!r ) a f9e-c>v$ turret1 w9d[s ^: delicate trac]ies c\ld be brok5 by a bl[1 & an upp] balu/rade :i* w\ld h be5 z easily cru%$ z an egg-%ell 9 ! h&s ( ! lu/y ,hugu5ots1--^! are ! ornam5ts ( its wall1 z true ,,xiv c5tury ,go?ic z ! nave is ,,xii c5tury ,romanesque4 ,x is sadly disappo9t+ to f9d ! ,cloi/]s 9 un9t]e/+ ru91 b ! *ur* )9 is s full ( great beauty t all o!r ?+s are unimportant4 ,! w9d[s gl[ 9 ! glory ( _! glass1 & ! tombs1 especially ^? ( ! l[] ,*apel ( ! ,bi%op1 are wond]fully c>v$4 ,! fir/ burial place ( de ,mont=t1 t]rible p]secutor ( 8 ,*ur*'s foes1 lies ne> ! ,high ,alt>1 & 9 ! wall1 !re is a rude bas-relief repres5t+ 8 siege ( ,t\l\se4 ,all ^! admirable details are puny 9 comp>ison ) ! int]ior :i* conta9s !m4 ,x is to be fe>$ t (t51 too little "t is sp5t ^u ! nave4 ,ev5 9 mid-day1 light$ by ! s\!rn sun1 its beautiful1 sev]e l9es are mell[$ b little1 & "o turns too in/9ctively to ! ,go?ic1 ! great] lightness beyond4 ,yet x is a nave ( exce$+ly f9e1 rugg$ /r5g?1 & to pass on lightly1 to belittle x 9 comp>ison ) its bright] *oir1 is to wantonly miss 9 ! great r\nd columns1 ! heavy pi]s1 & ! d>k tunnel vault+1 ! conception ( g5]ations ( m5 :o _h ev] be=e _! m9d--& lit]ally believ$--,a mighty =tress is our ,god4 ,! *oir is ( ! ,,xiv c5tury1 a day :5 ! beauty ( hol9ess seems to h be5 ! ,ca!dral ar*itect's ideal4 ,delicate1 clu/]$ columns f :i* ,sa9ts look d[n1 long w9d[s beautifully ve9$1 a glori\s rose at ea* transept's end1 & high vault ar*es spr++ ) a sl5d] po9t$ grace1 all ^! are ( exquisite proportions2 & ! brilliant /a9$-glass adds a s(t5+ w>m? ( col\r1 b n too great a gl[1 to ! cold fragility ( ! %afts ( /one4 ,no?+ 9 ! ,go?ic art ( ! ,s\?1 little ( ,go?ic else:]e1 is m ?\ghtfully & lov+ly wr\ght ?an ?is *oir ( ,sa9t-,nazaire1 & few *ur*es 9 ! ,romanesque =m are m f9ely con/ruct$ ?an its nave4 ,on ! ext]ior1 ! ,go?ic *oir & ! ,romanesque nave are s diff]5t 9 /yle x seems !y mu/ be1 p]=ce1 antagoni/ic1 t ! grace ( ! ,go?ic mu/ make ,romanesque pla9ness appe> dull1 or t ! noble simplicity ( ! r\nd$ ar* mu/ cause ! ,go?ic ar*es1 "h s p>ticul>ly tall & sl5d]1 to seem almo/ fragile & undignifi$4 ,9 reality1 ?is juxtaposition ( ! /yles has ju/ifi$ itself2 & pass+ f "o to ! o!r1 ! travell] is m impress$ by ! subtle analogies !y sugge/ ?an by ! diff]5ces ( _! ar*itectural =ms4 ,on week-days1 :5 ! *ur* is empty1 !y seem to prefigure ! two ideals ( ! religion :i* !y s]ve--! /]n1 self-conqu]+ asceticism ( a ,sa9t ,dom9ic1 & ! exquisite1 radiant visions :i* ,sa9t ,cecelia saw :5 heav5ly music 0 v\*saf$ h]4 ,or1 if "o has "t to fancy fur!r1 ! nave is ! epic ( its great religion2 ! *oir1 a song :i* is ! expression ( mo/ delicate aspiration1 mo/ t5d] wor%ip4 ,on ,sunday1 :5 to ?is beauty ( ! godly habitation is add$ all ! beauty ( wor%ip1 ! music ( ! olde/ organs 9 ,france1 sl[-mov+ prie/s 9 gorge\s ve/m5ts1 sweet smell+ inc5se1 *ants1 & pray]s ( a mo/ maje/ic ritual1 "o is tempt$ to read into ^! /ones symbolical mean+s1--z if ! heavy nave1 :]e ! dim pray+ figures kneel1 7 typical ( _! life ( /ruggle--& _! glances alt>w>d1 :]e all is light & beauty1 presag$ _! f9al com+ into ! pres5ce & glory ( ,god4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]spective ,,( ,,! ,,romanesque4--,,c>cassonne4 ,hunnewell has f9ely writt51 t :ile ! passions & ! t]rors ( a fi]ce1 rude age made un5durable ! pleasant l& :]e we may travel n[ s peacefully1 444 & :ile ,religion1 gr[n political1 =got ! m]cy ( its ,"l & rul$ supreme1 444 an e>ne/ fai? & consecrat$ g5ius 7 creat+ "s ( ! noble/ tributes man has (f]$ to 8 ,creator1 & x may be truly said t ( ^! "o ( ! noble/ is ! *ur* begun 9 t mo/ cruel age ( ,sa9t ,dom9ic & de ,mont=t1 9 ! v he>t ( ! c\ntry !y laid wa/e1 9 ! city :i* "o conqu]$ by ruse & ! o!r tortur$ by inquisition1 ! old ,ca!dral ( ,sa9t-,nazaire 9 ,c>cassonne4 ,sid5ote3 ,ca/res4 ,9 ! ,,vii c5tury ,ca/res1 :i* _h be5 ! site ( a ,roman camp1 became t ( a ,b5$ict9e ,abbey2 & ar\nd ?is f\ndation1 z ab\t s _m o!rs1 a t[n grew ?r\gh ! ,middle ,ages1 & came safely to prosp]ity & importance4 ,untrue to its e>ly protectors & 9 opposition to ! f]v5t or?odoxy ( ! neighb\r+ city ( ,albi1 ,ca/res became a ,prote/ant /ronghold1 & its =tunes rose & fell ) ! *ances ( religi\s w>s4 ,x 01 p]haps1 "o ( ! mo/ intrepid & ob/9ate ( all ! c5tres ( h]esy1 & ! c5turies ( /ruggle seem only to h /r5g!n$ ! fi]c5ess ( its fai?4 ,9 #aebe1 :5 ! ,duke de ,rohan 0 abs5t & a royal army aga9 summon$ x to submission & conv]sion1 ! ,du*ess _h h]self c>ri$ f a sick b$ to ! gate ( ! city :i* 0 ?reat5$1 & x is relat$ t ! inhabitants ( all classes1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 )\t di/9ction ( sex or age1 arm$ !mselves & ru%$ victori\sly to h] aid4 ,?irty-five ye>s lat]1 _! *ildr5 sack$ *ur*es1 de/roy$ alt>s & images1 & drove out monks & nuns4 ,bellicose incid5ts make hi/ory a ?rill+ /ory1 b !y are accompani$ by su* mat]ial de/ruction t !y too (t5 rob a city ( its greate/ treasures1 & leave x1 z f> z ar*itectural int]e/ is conc]n$1 an arid wa/e4 ,su* a place is ,ca/res1 prosp]\s1 indu/rial1 hi/orically dramatic1 b actually commonplace4 ,old h\ses1 picturesque & m\ldy1 ) irregul>1 ov]hang+ eaves1 lean along ! banks ( ! little riv] z !y are wont to l9e ! banks ( e old /ream ( ! ,midi1 & !y are ne>ly all ! rema9s ( ,ca/res' ,m$iaevalism4 ,= h] /reets are well-pav$1 trolleys pass to & fro1 dep>tm5t /ores are frequ5t1 & t mo/ mod]n ( vehicles1 ! automobile1 does n seem ana*roni/ic4 ,no build+ c\ld be m 9 h>mony ) ! city's atmosph]e ( un9t]e/+ prosp]ity ?an its ,ca!dral1 & he :o ent]s 9 se>* ( beauty & repose1 is doom$ to mis]able disappo9tm5t4 ,confront$ 9 ! ,,xiv c5tury by a gr[+ h]esy1 ,john ,,xxii devis$1 among o!r less ,*ri/ian me?ods ( combat1 t ( ! creations ( ,sees1 ^: p[] & dignity ( rank %\ld *eck ! progress ( ! enemies ( ! ,*ur*2 & 9 #acag1 t ye> :i* saw ! beg9n+ ( s _m ( ^! new ,sees1 ! old ,b5$ict9e ,abbey ( ,ca/res1 ly+ 9 ! v c5tre ( ,prote/antism1 0 creat$ a ,bi%opric4 ,! c5tury1 if unpropiti\s to ,ca?olicism1 0 fav\rable to ar*itecture1 ! ,abbey 0 ( anci5t f\ndation1 & f ei!r ( ^! facts1 a f9e ,ca!dral might reasonably be hop$ =1--a dim ,abbey-*ur* ^: r\nd$ ar*es are lo/ 9 ! gloom ( its vault+1 or a bit ( s\!rn ,go?ic :i* ! newly consecrat$ prelate might h ambiti\sly plann$4 ,b ! ,ca!dral ( ,sa9t-,b5oit is nei!r ( ^!1 = x 0 re-con/ruct$ 9 ! ,,xvii c5tury1 ! ,,xvii c5tury 9 all its confusion ( ideas1 all its lack ( ta/e1 all its trave/y ( /yles4 ,!re is ! usual multitude ( detail1 ! usual unwor?9ess4 ,portals :i* h no beauty1 an expanse ( unf9i%$ facade1 d>k1 ugly walls ^: b>5ess is n suffici5tly hidd5 by ! surr\nd+ h\ses1 heavy buttresses1 ridicul\sly topp$ (f by globes ( /one1--su* are ! sali5t features ( ! ext]ior ( ,sa9t-,b5oit4 ,! spaci\sness ( ! int]ior has giv5 room1 if n = an imp>tial repres5tation1 at lea/ = a rem9d] ( all ! /yles ( ar*itecture to :i* ! ,,xvii c5tury 0 heir4 ,!re is ! ,r5aissance conception ( ! antique 9 ! ornam5tal columns2 9 ! rose-w9d[1 !re is a tribute to ! ,go?ic2 ! tradition ( ! ,s\? is ma9ta9$ by a coat ( col\rs--_m1 if subdu$2 & ! gr\nd plan ( nave & side-*apels might be call$ ,romanesque4 ,al?\gh ! vault+ is high & ! room l>ge1 !re is no simplicity1 no beauty1 no arti/ic virtue 9 ?is int]ior4 ,opposite ! *ur* is ! episcopal ,palace :i* ,mans>t built1 a l>ge con/ruction t s]ves admirably z a ,city ,hall4 ,beh9d x1 along ! riv]1 are ! *>m+ g>d5s design$ by ,le ,notre1 :]e ,bi%ops walk$ & m$itat$1 look+ ^u _! n too fai?ful city ( ,ca/res4 ,^u ?is v gr\nd 0 ! anci5t ,abbey & close ( ! ,b5$ict9es2 & z if 9 memory ( ^! monki% pr$ecessors1 ,bi%op & build] ( ! ,,xvii c5tury left 9 an angle ( ! ,palace ! old ,abbey-t[]4 ,?is is ! treasure ( ,ca/res' pa/1 a ,romanesque belfry ) ! po9t$ ro(+ ( ! campanile ( ,italy1 heavy 9 comp>ison ) _! grace1 & /\t & /rong4 ,sid5ote3 ,t\l\se4 ,t\l\se is "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ cities ( ! ,s\? ( ,france4 ,x is also "o ( ! l>ge/2 b 9 spite ( its size1 x is nei!r noisy nor /upidly conv5tional2 x is1 on ! contr>y1 an ideal prov9cial capital1 :]e ev]y?+1 ev5 ! climate1 corresponds to our preconceiv$ & some:at romantic ideal ( ! s\!rn type4 ,:5 ! w9d bl[s f ! des]t x comes ) fi]ce & sudd5 passion1 ! sun %9es hot1 & "u ! awn+s ( ! op5 squ>e1 m5 fan !mselves lazily dur+ a long lun* h\r4 ,"u ?is appe>ance ( semi-tropical languor1 !re is ! p]si/5t en]gy ( ! great s\!rn peoples1 an en]gy none ! less real because x is brok5 by ! long sie/as1 ! leisurely meal-times1 & ! day-"t idl+1 :i* seem s %iftless & s /range to nor!rn m9ds4 ,?is is ! en]gy1 h[ev]1 :i* has made ,t\l\se a ri*1 opul5t city1--a city ) broad b\lev>ds1 op5 squ>es1 & f9e build+s1 & a city ( ! gay ,r5aissance r ?an ( ! /]n ,middle ,ages4 ,yet = ,t\l\se ! ,middle ,ages 7 a d>k "t4 ,:at c\ld be gott5 by ! sword 0 tak5 by ! sword1 & ev5 ! m9d ( man1 9 t gross age1 0 =c$ & controll$ by ! agony ( 8 body4 ,x is a "t ^: mo/ peaceful outw>d signs1 ! *ur*es1 h be5 pres]v$ to ,t\l\se1 & ! w>-signs1 t[]s1 walls1 & =tifications1 dungeons1 & ! torture-irons ( inquisition1 are n[--& wisely--hidd5 or de/roy$4 ,( ! fi]ce trag$ies :i* 7 play$ 9 ,t\l\se1 ev5 to ! days ( ! great ,revolution1 few traces rema91--! /]n1 or?odox figure ( ,simon de ,mont=t1 & ( ,c\nt ,raymond1 8 too politic foe1 & ! angui% ( ! ,crusad]s' siege1 ! b5t =m ( ,jean ,calas & ! %rewd1 ke5 face ( ,voltaire1 :o v9dicat$ him f af>1 ^! memories seem dimm$2 & ^? :i* live are ( light-he>t$ tr\bad\rs & gaily dress$ ladies ( ! city ( ! gay1 ins\ciant ,r5aissance to :om an auto-da-fe 0 a gala betwe5 ! bli!some rob+ ( ! morn+ & ! s]5ade 9 ! moonlight4 ,fi]ce & /eadfa/1 s5tim5tally langui%+1 dy+ = a diff]5ce ( fai?1 or dy+ z viol5tly to av5ge ! insult ( a fr[n or a lift$ eye-br[1 su* are ! ,langu$ocians :om ,t\l\se evokes1 ne> to ! ,gascons & ak9 to !m4 ,"h is ! ,academie des ,jeux-,floreaux1 ! ,college ( ,gay ,wit :i* 0 f\nd$ 9 ! ,,xiv c5tury1 & /ill di/ributes on ! ?ird ( e ,may prizes ( gold & silv] fl[]s to poets1 & writ]s ( f9e prose2 & "h are _m hotels ( ! ,r5aissance1 ri* & beautiful homes ( ! old ,t\l\san nobility ^: c\rts are all too sil5t4 ,"h is ! ,hotel du ,vieux-,rais91 ! ,maison de ,pi]re1 & ! ,hotel d',assezat :]e ,jeanne d',albret liv$2 & ne>-by is a /atue ( h] son1 ! /ronge/1 sane/1 & mo/ debonnaire ( all ! great ,s\?-m51 ,h5ry ( ,nav>re4 ,"h 9 ,t\l\se is inde$ mat]ial = a ?\s& fancies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,xiii ,,c5tury ,,is ,,an ,,aisle-,,less ,,*amb]1 ,,l[ ,,& ,,broadly ,,ar*$4--,,t\l\se4 ,& "h ! ,ca!dral-seek]1 :o _h usually _h ! pr\d task ( f9d+ ! f9e/ build+ 9 e city he visit$1 0 doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,9 va9 he tri$ to console himself ) ! fact t ,t\l\se _h _h two ,ca!drals4 ,( "o !re 0 no trace2 9 ! o!r1 confusion2 & he 0 met ) ! axiom1 true 9 ar*itecture z 9 o!r ?+s1 t two indiff]5t objects d n make "o good "o4 ,! ,dalbade1 =m]ly ! place ( wor%ip ( ! ,knights ( ,malta1 has a m elegant t[]2 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,jacob9s a m int]e/+ "o2 ! portal ( ! old ,*>treuse is m beautiful2 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,bull1 m curi\s2 & ! ,basilica ( ,sa9t-,s]n9 s int]e/+ & truly glori\s t ! ,ca!dral pales 9 col\rless insignificance4 ,"s cities ( m$iaeval ,france possess$1 at ! same "t1 two ,ca!drals1 two bodies ( ,canons1 & two ,*apt]s "u "o & ! same ,bi%op4 ,su* a city 0 ,t\l\se2 & until ! ,,xii c5tury1 ,sa9t-,jacques & ,sa9t-,eti5ne 7 rival ,ca!drals4 ,!n1 = "s reason obscure to u1 ,sa9t-,jacques 0 degrad$ f its episcopal rank & rema9$ a simple *ur* until #ahab :5 x 0 de/roy$4 ,! pres5t ,ca!dral ( ,sa9t-,eti5ne is a comb9ation ( /yles & a violation ( e sort ( ar*itectural unity1 & realises a confusion :i* ! mo/ p]v]se imag9ation c\ld sc>cely h conceiv$4 ,accord+ to e conv5tion ( build+1 ! ,ca!dral is n only arti/ically poor1 b ma!matically insupportable4 ,! proportions are execrable2 & ! int]ior1 ! f9e/ "p ( ! *ur*1 rem9ds "o irresi/ibly ( a good puzzle badly put toge!r4 ,! weak t[] is a suffici5t excuse = ! abs5ce ( ! o!r2 f ! t[] ! ro( slopes %>ply & unreasonably1 & ! rose-w9d[ is p]*$1 ) inappropriate jaunt9ess1 to ! left ( ! ma9 portal4 ,! :ole /ructure is n s mu* ! vag>y ( an ar*itect z ! sport ( ,fate1 ! self-evid5t survival ( two unfitt+ facades4 ,walk+ ?r\gh n>r[ /reets1 "o comes ^u ! apse z ^u ano!r *ur*1 s diff]5t is its /yle4 ,x is disproportionately high] ?an ! facade2 in/ead ( be+ conglom]ate1 x is homog5e\s2 in/ead ( a squat appe>ance1 un9t]e/+ly grotesque1 x has ! dignity ( height & unity4 ,& al?\gh x is too closely surr\nd$ by h\ses & n>r[ /reets1 & al?\gh a view ( ! :ole apse is entirely prev5t$ by ! high wall ( "s *ur*ly /ructure1 x is ! only wor?y "p ( ! ext]ior &1 by comp>ison1 ev5 its r timid fly+-buttresses & insignificant /one trac]ies are impressive4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pres5t ,,ca!dral ,,is ,a ,,comb9ation ,,( ,,/yles4--,,t\l\se4 ,! nave ( ! e>ly ,,xiii c5tury is an aisle-less *amb]1 l[ & broadly ar*$4 ,z ! eye cont9ues d[n its l5g?1 x is met by ! s\? aisle ( ! *oir1--op5+ directly into ! c5tre ( ! nave4 ,except = ?is curi\sly bad juxtaposition1 bo? are normally con/ruct$1 & ea* is ( s diff]+ a phase ( ,go?ic t !y give ! effect ( two adjo9+ *ur*es4 ,! *oir 0 begun 9 ! late ,,xii c5tury1 on a new axis1 & 0 evid5tly ! comm5cem5t ( an entire & improv$ re-con/ruction4 ,9 spite ( ! poorly plann$ re/oration 9 ! ,,xvii c5tury1 ! wor?y conception ( ?is *oir is /ill realis$4 ,x is sev]e1 l(ty ,go?ic1 maje/ic by its own intr9sic virtue1 & d\bly s 9 comp>ison ) ! unc\? puzzle-box effect ( ! :ole4 ,its unity came ^u ! travell] ) a %ock ( surprise1 reliev+ & beautiful1 & aft] he _h walk$ ab\t its high1 n>r[ aisles & refre%$ 8 disappo9t$ vision1 he left ! ,ca!dral quickly--look+ nei!r to ! "r nor to ! left1 )\t a trace ( ! temptation ( ,lot's wife1 to glance backw>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,montauban4 ,al?\gh ,montauban 0 f\nd$ on ! site ( a ,roman /ation1 ! ,mons ,albanus1 x is really a city ( ! late ,middle ,ages1 re-creat$1 z x 71 by ,alphonse ,i41 ,c\nt ( ,t\l\se 9 #aadd4 ,& x 0 ev5 a great] hot-b$ ( h]etics ?an ,bezi]s4 ,incit$ fir/ by hatr$ ( ! neighb\r+ monks ( ,le ,m\/i]1 & !n by ! bitt] agonies ( ! ,inquisition1 x became f]v5tly ,albig5sian1 & z f]v5tly ,hugu5ot2 & ev5 n[ x has _m ,prote/ant inhabitants & a ,prote/ant ,faculty tea*+ ,!ology4 ,! ,montauban ( ! pres5t day is busy & prosp]\s1 v prettily situat$ on ! turbid little ,t>n4 ,9 spite ( h] con/ant loyalty to ! ,hugu5ot cause1 p]haps p>tly because ( x1 %e has _h ?ree successive ,ca!drals2 ,sa9t-,m>t91 burn$ 9 #aefb2 ! ,pro-ca!dral ( ,sa9t-,jacques2 &1 f9ally1 ,notre-,dame1 ! pres5t episcopal *ur*1 a heavy /ructure 9 ! ,italian /yle ( ! ,,xviii c5tury4 ,l>ge & light & b>e1 ! nud5ess ( ! int]ior is unc\?1 & ! /iff ext]ior1 decorat$ ) /atues1 impresses "o z pleasantly z clo!s ^u cross$ bean-poles4 ,x is artificial & mann]$2 ! la/ ( ! ,city ,ca!drals ( ,langu$oc & ! lea/4 ,if ! notori\s vices ( ! ,,xviii c5tury 7 z bad z its /yle ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture1 !y mu/ h be5 inde$ mon/r\s4 ,,end ,,( ,,volume ,i4