,a ,,positive ,,romance ,by ,edward ,bellamy #ahih ,my friend ,hammond is a bachelor1 and lives in chambers in ,new ,york4 ,whenever we meet on my occasional visits to the city1 he insists on my spending the night with him4 ,on one of these occasions we had been at the opera during the evening1 and had witnessed an ovation to a beautiful and famous singer4 ,we had been stirred by the enthusiasm of the audience1 and on our walk home fell to discussing a theme suggested by the scene2 namely1 the tendency of man to assume a worshipful attitude towards woman1 and the reason for it4 ,was it merely a phase of the passional relation between the sexes1 or had it some deeper and more mysterious significance8 ,when ,i mentioned the former idea1 ,hammond demanded why this tendency was not reciprocal between the sexes4 ,as a matter of fact1 while women showed endless devotion and fondness for men1 their feeling was without the strain of adoration4 ,particular men's qualities of mind or heart might excite the enthusiastic admiration of women1 but such admiration was for cause1 and in no way confounded with the worshipful reverence which it was man's instinct to extend to woman as woman1 with secondary reference to her qualities as a particular person4 ,no fact in the relations of men and women1 he declared1 was more striking than this contrast in their mutual attitudes4 ,it was the feminine1 not the masculine1 ideal which supplied the inspiration of art and the aroma of literature1 which was found enshrined in the customs and common speech of mankind4 ,to this ,i replied that man1 being the dominant sex1 had imposed his worship on the race as a conquering nation1 its gods on the conquered4 ,he1 not woman1 had been the creator of the art1 the literature1 and the language which were dedicated to her4 ,had woman been the dominant sex1 the reverse might have happened1 and man been obliged to stand upon a pedestal and be worshiped4 ,hammond laughed1 but declared that ,i was all wrong4 ,man's tendency to worship woman1 while naturally blending with his passional attraction towards her1 did not spring from the instinct of sex1 but from the instinct of race1--a far deeper and generally unrecognized impulse4 ,even though woman should become some day the dominant sex1 man need suffer no apprehension of being worshiped4 ,his modesty would be respected4 ,some time later1 when we had cozily established ourselves before a sea-coal fire in ,hammond's quarters1 with divers creature comforts at hand for one of our usual symposiums1 the subject came up again2 and under conditions so favorable to discursiveness our talk took a wide range4 8,by the way10 said ,i1 apropos of some remark he had made1 8talking about the adoration of woman1 did not that crack-brained ,frenchman1 ,auguste ,comte1 propose something of the sort as a feature of his #8,religion of ,humanity'80 ,hammond nodded4 8,i wonder10 ,i said1 8whether that feature of his scheme was ever actually practiced by his followers4 ,i should like to get a chance to ask a ,positivist about that1 if indeed there are any in ,america40 ,hammond smoked in silence for some time1 and finally said1 quietly1 8,possibly ,i might tell you something about it myself40 8,hello60 ,i exclaimed4 8,how long since you have been a ,positivist80 8,about twenty-five years10 was the matter-of-fact reply4 8,a ,positivist of twenty-five years' standing10 ,i ejaculated1 8and never told of it6 ,why have you hid your light under a bushel all this while80 8,i said that it was twenty-five years since ,i had been a ,positivist10 replied ,hammond2 8as long1 in fact1 as it is since ,i have been a sophomore4 ,both experiences belonged to the same year of my college course1 and1 perhaps you may infer1 to the same stage of intellectual development4 ,for about six months at that time ,i was as ardent a convert1 ,i fancy1 as the ,religion of ,humanity ever had40 8,i thought you had told me all about yourself long ago10 ,i said4 8,how is it that you have kept so mum about this experience8 ,i should fancy it must have been a decidedly odd one40 8,it was a very odd one10 replied ,hammond1--8the strangest passage1 on the whole1 ,i think1 in my life4 ,i have never spoken of it1 because it is one of those emotional experiences which no man likes to relate unless he is sure of being understood4 ,to tell it to most men would be casting pearls before swine4 ,i have always meant to tell you when a suitable opportunity came up40 8,you know10 he said1 when ,i had signified my eagerness to hear1 8that ,i graduated at ,leroy ,college4 ,it was a little one-horse institution1 but blue as a whetstone in its orthodoxy2 and with my father1 who was a clergyman of a very strait sect and staid views1 that fact covered a multitude of shortcomings4 ,i was nineteen when ,i entered1 and consequently twenty when1 at the beginning of sophomore year1 ,i came under the charge of ,professor ,rgnier4 ,he was a ,frenchman1 but spoke ,english with perfect ease and precision and a very slight accent4 ,at the time ,i knew him1 he was probably sixty4 ,his hair was quite gray1 but his mustache and imperial were still dark4 ,it was rumored among the students that he had left his native land for political reasons1 having played for too high stakes at the national game of revolution4 ,true or not1 the report naturally heightened the interest which his personality had for us4 8,he made it his business to know personally all the students in his classes2 and as it is not easy for a man of sixty1 especially if he is also their teacher1 to become really acquainted with students of twenty1 the fact may be taken as evidence of his unusual tact4 ,he was1 ,i think1 the most fascinating man ,i ever saw4 ,his insight into character was like magic1 his manners were charming1 and his ,gallic vivacity made him seem like a boy4 ,gradually1 while still remaining to the rest of the students a genial and friendly instructor1 he singled out a smaller circle of particular intimates4 ,of these ,i was one1 and ,i believe the most trusted4 8,of course we boys were immensely flattered by the partiality of such a man2 but equally of course the pursuit of his own pleasure could scarcely have been the motive which impelled him to seek our companionship4 ,it was1 in fact1 a motive as unselfish as that of the missionary who leaves the comforts and refinements of civilization and exiles himself among savages that he may win them to his faith4 ,he had been a personal friend and disciple of ,auguste ,comte1 then but lately dead1 and on coming to ,america had sought his present employment1 not merely as a means of livelihood1 but equally for the opportunity it offered for propagating the new gospel among young men4 ,do you know much about what ,positivism is80 ,i confessed that ,i knew next to nothing1--scarcely more than that there was such a thing4 8,i shall not bore you with an account of it10 resumed ,hammond1 8further than to say that it is a scheme for the perfection of the human race4 ,it rejects as idle all theories of superhuman intelligences1 and declares the supreme object of the individual love and devotion should be humanity4 ,the rational demonstration of the truth of this system is sought in the course of history1 which is claimed to prove ,positivism the finality of social evolution4 ,you will find anything else you want to know about it in the books4 ,i dare say you will not be converted2 but if you were nineteen instead of twice that1 with ,hippolyte ,rgnier to indoctrinate you1 ,i fancy the result would be about what it was in my case4 8,his personal influence over us1 and the intoxicating flattery implied in being seriously reasoned with on themes so lofty by a man whom we so greatly admired1 would have gone far1 no doubt1 to commend to us any form of opinions he might have taught2 but there were not lacking other reasons to account for his success in converting us4 ,as for ,comte's dogmatic denial of superhuman existence1 and his fanciful schemes of new society1 we were too young and crude to realize how unphilosophic was the former1 how impossible and undesirable was the latter4 ,while accepting them as facts of a new creed1 they meant little to us1 nor did ,rgnier much insist upon them4 ,what most he did insist on was the ethical side of ,positivism1--the idea of the essential unity of the individual with the immortal race of man1 and his obvious duty to forget self in its service4 ,what could be better adapted to affect generous and impassioned boys than an appeal like this8 ,the magnificent audacity of it1 the assumption of man's essential nobleness1 the contemptuous refusal to make any terms with selfishness1 captivated our imaginations4 ,i know now1 indeed1 that this enthusiasm of humanity1 this passion of self-abnegation1 which ,i thought a new religion1 was the heart of the old religions4 ,in its new-fangled disguise the truth and virtue of the doctrine were still operative1 and the emotional crisis through which ,i passed ,i found was as essentially religious as it was in form unorthodox4 8,at the end of sophomore year there were a half-dozen very positive young ,positivists in our class4 ,the pride of intellect which we felt in our new enlightenment was intoxicating4 ,to be able to look down from a serene height1 with compassion frequently tempered by contempt1 upon the rest of the world still groping in the mists of childish superstition1 was prodigiously to the taste of youths of eighteen and twenty4 ,how1 to be sure1 we did turn up our noses at the homely teachings in the college chapel on ,sundays6 ,well do ,i remember attending my father's church when at home on vacation1 and endeavoring to assume the mental attitude of a curious traveler in a ,buddhist temple4 ,together with the intellectual vanity which it fostered1 our new faith was commended to us by its flavor of the secret1 the hazardous1 and the forbidden4 ,we were delightfully conscious of being concerned in a species of conspiracy1 which if it came to light would convulse the college and the community1 have us expelled1 and cause no end of scandal to the public4 8,but the more ,i took my new faith in earnest and tried to make of it the religion it claimed to be1 ,i was troubled by a lack that seemed to be inherent4 ,humanity1 the object of our devotion1 was but an abstraction1 a rhetorical expression for a mass of individuals4 ,to these individuals ,i might indeed render affection1 service1 compassion1 tenderness1 self-sacrifice2 but their number and pettiness forbade me the glow of adoration with which service was touched in religions which offered a personified object of adoration4 ,when1 finally1 ,i confided these troubles to ,rgnier1 ,i expected to be rebuked2 but on the contrary1 and to my great discomfiture1 he embraced me effusively after the ,gallic manner4 ,he said that he had been waiting for the time when in the course of my development ,i should become conscious of the need ,i had confessed before explaining to me the provision made for it by ,positivism4 8,to start with1 he put in1 as a sort of special plea for ,positivism1 that it was not singular among religions in recognizing as the object of devotion an abstraction1 the mode of the existence of which was a mystery4 ,as a solace to their votaries and an aid to their faith1 nearly all religions recognized sacred emblems2 not indeed to be confounded in clear minds with the original object of devotion1 but worthy of reverence in its place1 as its special representative and reminder4 ,in precisely this sense the sacred emblem of humanity was woman4 8,of course1 ,positivism claiming to be a creed of demonstration1 not of faith1 ,rgnier did not ask me to receive this proposition as his mere statement1 but proceeded to establish its reasonableness by logic4 ,i am going to give you what ,i remember of his argument1 because ,i believe still1 as ,i did when ,i heard it1 that it is the only philosophical explanation of the instinctive reverence of man for woman which we have been talking about to-night4 ,it was given to me1 of course1 as a doctrine peculiar to ,positivism2 but ,i don't know of any form of religious belief1 inconsistent with the recognition of the sacred quality of womanhood on the grounds given by ,rgnier4 ,indeed1 ,i am by no means sure whether the doctrine as ,i received it is orthodox ,positivism at all4 ,i have reason to think that ,rgnier was quite too original a character for a very good interpreter1 and should be interested to know how far his ideas were his own and how far his master's4 8,first he pointed out to me as matter of fact that there was no more striking feature of the modern and humane as compared with the ancient and barbaric world than the constantly growing tendency of the most civilized races to apotheosize womanhood4 ,the virgin ideal had been set up by the larger part of ,christendom as the object of divine honors4 ,the age of chivalry had translated for all time the language of love into that of worship4 ,art had personified under the feminine form every noble and affecting ideal of the race1 till now it was in the name of woman that man's better part adjured his baser in every sort of strife towards the divine4 ,is it alleged that it is man's passion for woman that has moved him thus in a sort to deify the sex8 ,passion is no teacher of reverence4 ,moreover1 it is as the race outgrows the dominion of passion that it recognizes the worshipfulness of woman4 ,the gross and sensual recognize in her no element of sacredness4 ,it is the clear soul of the boy1 the poet1 and the seer which is most surely aware of it4 ,equally vain is it to seek the explanation in any general superiority of woman to man1 either moral or mental4 ,her qualities are indeed in engaging contrast with his1 but on the whole no such superiority has ever been maintained4 ,how1 then1 were we to account for a phenomenon so great in its proportions that either it indicates a world-wide madness infecting the noblest nations while sparing the basest1 or else must be the outcome of some profound monition of nature1 which1 in proportion as man's upward evolution progresses1 he becomes capable of apprehending8 ,why this impassioned exaltation by him of his tender companion8 ,what is the secret spring that makes her the ceaseless fountain of lofty inspiration she is to him8 ,what is the hint of divinity in her gentle mien that brings him to his knees8 ,who is this goddess veiled in woman whom men instinctively reverence yet cannot name8 8,the adoration of woman1 which may almost be called the natural religion of the modern man1 springs from his recognition1 instinctive when not conscious1 that she is in an express sense1 as he is not1 the type1 the representative1 and the symbol of the race from which he springs1 of that immortal and mystical life in which the secret of his own is hid4 ,she is this by virtue1 not of her personal qualities1 but of the mother-sex1 which1 overbearing in part her individuality1 consecrates her to the interests of the race1 and makes her the channel of those irresistible attractions by which humanity exists and men are made to serve it4 ,as compared with woman's peculiar identification with the race1 man's relation to it is an exterior one4 ,by his constitution he is above all an individual1 and that is the natural line of his development4 ,the love of woman is the centripetal attraction which in due time brings him back from the individual tangent to blend him again with mankind4 ,in returning to woman he returns to humanity4 ,all that there is in man's sentiment for woman which is higher than passion and larger than personal tenderness--all1 that is to say1 which makes his love for her the grand passion which in noble hearts it is--is the fact that under this form his passion for the race finds expression4 ,mysterious ties1 subtending consciousness1 bind him1 though seemingly separate1 to the mighty life of humanity1 his greater self1 and these are the chords which1 when #8,love took up the harp of life1'444 #8passed in music out of sight4' ,in woman humanity is enshrined and made concrete for the homage of man4 ,this is the mighty indwelling which causes her to suggest something more august than herself1 and invests her with an impersonal majesty commanding reverence4 8,you may imagine with what power such a doctrine as this1 set forth by an enthusiast like ,rgnier1 appealed to the mind of an impassioned boy of twenty1 as yet pure as a girl1 but long vaguely stirred by the master passion of our nature4 ,the other tenets of the ,religion of ,humanity had been impressed upon me by argument1 but at the mere statement of this my heart responded1 ,o ,dea ,certe6 8,subsequently1 in response to my questioning1 ,rgnier explained to me how the master had recommended his disciples to give practical effect to the cult of womanhood4 ,i must remember that it was nothing new and nothing peculiar to ,positivism for men to adore women to the point even of idolatry4 ,lovers constantly were doing it4 ,but in these cases the worshipers did not look beyond the personality of the idol4 ,possibly1 no doubt1 some dim apprehension of the true grounds of woman's worshipfulness might mingle with the lover's sentiment1 but it was very far from being the clear and distinct sense necessary to redeem his homage from the charge of extravagance4 ,on the other hand1 the spirit in which women received the homage men rendered them was usually as mistaken as that in which it was offered4 ,either1 on the one hand1 from an impulse of personal modesty they deprecated it1 or1 on the other hand1 they accepted it as a gratification to their personal vanity4 ,in either case1 they equally misapprehended their true and valid title to worship1 which1 while personal qualities might enhance or partially obscure it1 was itself in root more than personal1 and consisted in the martyr and mother sex which so peculiarly sacrificed and consecrated them to the interests of humanity as to draw to them the homage and loyalty of all men who loved their race4 ,it had been the counsel of his master1 ,rgnier said1 that1 while his disciples should hold all women in exalted reverence1 they should peculiarly address this general sentiment to some particular woman1 who1 being of the same faith1 should be able to accept it worthily and without self-exaltation1 in the spirit in which it was offered4 8,of course the reflection was obvious that in the existing conditions of the ,positivist propaganda in ,america it would be impossible to find a woman capable of understanding1 much less of accepting1 such a relation1 and1 therefore1 that to me the cult which ,i had been taught must remain entirely theoretical4 ,homage from men which did not insure to the titillation of the vanity would seem to women1 as usually educated1 equally incomprehensible and unprofitable4 8,it was in recognition of this situation that ,rgnier ended by making a proposition which testified1 more strongly than anything else could have done1 both to the enthusiasm and sincerity with which he himself held the faith he preached1 and to his confidence in my own equal singleness of heart4 ,he had never before spoken of his personal history or home life4 ,several times ,i had spent the evening at his house1 but on these occasions ,i had seen only himself4 ,certain womanly belongings1 however1 which ,i had noticed1 and the sound of a piano once or twice1 had suggested that the house might not be without a feminine presence4 ,the professor now told me that long ago in ,france1 for a few short1 blissful years1 he had been the husband of the sweetest of women4 ,she had left behind a daughter1 the sole companion of his life and the apple of his eye4 ,she lived in complete seclusion1 rarely even leaving the house4 ,he did not desire her to make acquaintances in this country1 nor indeed was she able to speak a word of any language but her own4 ,there was no question of my making her acquaintance in the ordinary sense1 or even of meeting her a second time1 but if ,i desired to testify my new appreciation of the sacred quality of womanhood1 it was possible that she might consent to receive my homage in the name of her sex4 ,he could not be sure what she would say1 but he would speak with her about it4 8,the following day1 a note from him requesting that ,i should call at his house that evening intimated that he had succeeded in carrying his point4 ,when ,i called at the time set1 he told me that he had found it more difficult than he had anticipated to gain his daughter's consent to see me4 ,she had been very reluctant to assume the attitude required of her1 and only her respect for his wishes and the good of the cause1 and the assurance he had given her of the entire ingenuousness of my own motive1 had induced her finally to yield4 ,after some talk as to the significance of the interview before me1 which ,i was too much agitated to comprehend1 he bade me follow him4 8,as may readily be supposed1 my fancy1 from the moment ,rgnier had suggested this interview1 had been exceedingly busy with conjectures as to the sort of scene it would prove1 and especially as to the personality of her who was to be the central figure4 ,except his intimation that the interview would be necessarily without interchange of speech and presumably brief1 scarcely more1 probably1 than a confrontation1 he had told me nothing4 8,of course1 however1 my fancies had not failed to take some form4 ,i think ,i had a general expectation of finding myself in the presence of a beautiful woman1 statuesquely shaped and posed4 ,i imagine that ,i rather expected her to be enthroned or standing upon some sort of dais1 and ,i am sure that ,i should not have been surprised had there been some artificial arrangement of lights as in a theatre to add effectiveness to the figure4 8,i followed ,rgnier through several rooms without raising my eyes4 ,presently he paused and said1 #8,my daughter4' 8,thrilling with the premonition of a vision of imperious or melting loveliness which should compel my homage by its mere aspect1 ,i raised my eyes to find myself facing a plain-featured1 plainly dressed young woman1 not ill-looking certainly1 but destitute of a single trait striking enough to have won a second glance from me had ,i met her on the street4 8,her father need not have told me of her reluctance to assume the part his wishes had imposed upon her4 ,for the fraction of an instant only1 a pair of black eyes had met mine1 and then she had bent her face as low as she could4 ,the downcast head1 the burning cheeks1 the quick heaving of the breast1 the pendent arms1 with tensely interlacing fingers and palms turned downward1 all told the story of a shy and sensitive girl submitting from a sense of duty to a painful ordeal4 8,the sudden and complete wreck of all my preconceptions as to her appearance1 as well as the accessories of the scene1 left me for a few moments fairly dazed4 ,not only were my highly wrought expectations as to the present interview brought to humiliating discomfiture1 but the influence of the disillusionment instantly retroacted with the effect of making the entire noble and romantic cult which had led up to this unlucky confrontation seem a mere farrago of extravagant and baseless sentiment4 ,what on earth had ,rgnier been thinking of1 to plan deliberately a situation calculated to turn a cherished sentiment into ridicule8 ,if he had seriously thought his daughter capable of supporting the rle he had assigned her1 had there ever been a like case of parental fatuity8 8,but even as ,i indignantly asked myself this question1 ,i saw a great light1 and recognized that the trouble was neither with ,rgnier's fatuity nor with his daughter's lack of charms1 but with myself1 and a most unworthy misconception into which ,i had fallen as to the whole object and purport of this interview4 ,what had the beauty or the lack of beauty of this girl to do with the present occasion8 ,i was not here to render homage to her for the beauty of her sex1 but for its perpetual consecration and everlasting martyrdom to my race4 ,the revulsion of feeling which followed the recognition of the grossness of the mistake ,i had made had no doubt the effect of greatly intensifying my emotions4 ,i was overcome with contrition for the unworthiness with which ,i had stood before this girl who had so trusted to my magnanimity1 appraising her like a sensualist when ,i should have been on my knees before her4 ,a reaction of compunctious loyalty made my very heartstrings ache4 ,i saw now how well it had been for a weak-minded fool like myself that she had not chanced to be beautiful or even pretty1 for then ,i should have cheated myself of all that distinguished this solemn meeting from the merest lover's antics4 ,i won in that moment an impression of the tawdriness of mere beauty which ,i have never gotten over4 ,it seemed to me then1 and more or less has ever since1 that the beauty of women is a sort of veil which hides from superficial eyes the true adorableness of womanhood4 8,unable longer to resist the magnetism of my gaze1 her eyes rose slowly to mine4 ,at their first meeting1 her face became crimson2 but as she did not avert her eyes1 and continued to look into mine1 the flush paled swiftly from her face1 and with it all the other evidences of her embarrassment passed as quickly away1 leaving her bearing wholly changed4 ,it was plain that through my eyes1 which in that moment must have been truly windows of my soul1 she had read my inmost thoughts1 and had perceived how altogether impertinent to their quality self-consciousness on her part would be4 ,as with a gaze growing ever more serene and steadfast she continued to read my thoughts1 her face changed1 and from the look of a shy and timid maiden it gradually took on that of a conscious goddess4 ,then1 as still she read on1 there came another change4 ,the soft black eyes grew softer and yet softer1 and then slowly filled with tears till they were like brimming vases4 ,she did not smile1 but her brows and lips assumed a look of benignant sweetness indescribable4 8,in that moment no supernatural aureole would have added sacredness to that head1 or myth of heavenly origin have made that figure seem more adorable4 ,with right good-will ,i sank upon my knees4 ,she reached forth her hand to me and ,i pressed my lips to it4 ,i lifted up the hem of her dress and kissed it4 ,there was a rustle of garments4 ,i looked up and she was gone4 8,i suppose immediately after that ,i must have left the house4 ,i only know that the dawn found me miles out of town1 walking aimlessly about and talking to myself40 ,hammond poured himself a glass of wine1 drunk it slowly1 and then fell into a profound reverie1 apparently forgetful of my presence4 8,is that all80 ,i asked at last4 8,did you not see her again80 8,no10 he answered1 8,i never saw her again4 ,probably1 as her father had intimated1 he did not intend that ,i should4 ,but circumstances also prevented4 ,the very next day there was an explosion in college4 ,there had been a ,judas among my fellow-disciples1 and the faculty had been informed of the ,positivist propaganda going on under their noses4 ,i was suspended for six months4 ,when ,i returned to college1 ,rgnier had disappeared4 ,he had of course been promptly dismissed1 and it was rumored that he had gone back to ,france4 ,he had left no trace1 and ,i never heard of him again or of his daughter4 ,i don't even know the name of the woman ,i worshiped40