,,practical ,,gramm> ,,& ,,composition ,,by ,,?omas ,,wood1 ,a4,m41 ,,ll4,b4 ,,! ,,braddock 7,,p5nsylvania7 ,,high ,,s*ool ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,*icago ,,preface ,?is book 0 begun z a result ( ! au?or's exp]i5ce 9 tea*+ "s classes 9 ,engli% 9 ! night prep>atory dep>tm5t ( ! ,c>negie ,te*nical ,s*ools ( ,pittsburg4 ,! pupils 9 ^? classes 7 all adults1 & ne$$ only su* a c\rse z w\ld enable !m to express !mselves 9 cle> & correct ,engli%4 ,engli% ,gramm>1 ) !m1 0 n to be prelim9>y to ! gramm> ( ano!r language1 & composition 0 n to be /udi$ beyond ! ev]yday ne$s ( ! practical man4 ,great difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ because ( inability to secure a text t 0 suit$ to ! ne$s ( ! class4 ,a book 0 ne$$ t w\ld be simple1 direct & dignifi$2 t w\ld cov] gramm>1 & ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( s5t5ce /ructure1 *oice ( words1 & g5]al composition2 t w\ld deal p>ticul>ly ) ! s\rces ( frequ5t error1 & w\ld omit ! non-ess5tial po9ts2 &1 f9ally t w\ld conta9 an abundance ( ex]cises & practical "w4 ,x is ) ^! ends 9 view t ?is book has be5 prep>$4 ,! p>ts devot$ to gramm> h foll[$ a plan v>y+ widely f t ( mo/ gramm>s1 & an ef=t has be5 made to secure a m s5sible & effective treatm5t4 ,! p>ts devot$ to composition conta9 brief expositions ( only ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( ord9>y composition4 ,especial /ress has be5 laid ^u lett]-writ+1 s9ce ?is is believ$ to be "o ( ! mo/ practical fields = actual composition "w4 ,because su* a /yle seem$ be/ suit$ to ! g5]al s*eme & purpose ( ! book1 ! me?od ( treatm5t has at times be5 int5tionally r =mal4 ,abundant & v>i$ ex]cises h be5 incorporat$ at frequ5t int]vals ?r\gh\t ! text4 ,s f> z 0 practicable ! ex]cises h be5 kept con/ructive 9 _! nature1 & ^u critical po9ts h be5 made v ext5sive4 ,! au?or claims little cr$it except = ! plan ( ! book & = ! labor t he has exp5d$ 9 develop+ ! details ( t plan & 9 devis+ ! v>i\s ex]cises4 ,9 ! /atem5t ( pr9ciples & 9 ! work+ out ( details great orig9ality w\ld h be5 z undesirable z x 0 impossible4 ,!re=e1 = ^! details ! au?or has drawn f ! great common /ores ( le>n+ ^u ! subjects discuss$4 ,no d\bt _m traces ( ! books t he has us$ 9 /udy & 9 tea*+ may be f\nd 9 ?is volume4 ,he has1 at times1 consci\sly adapt$ matt] f o!r texts2 b1 = ! mo/ "p1 su* slight borr[+s z may be discov]$ h be5 made :olly unconsci\sly4 ,among ! books to :i* he is aw>e ( heavy lit]>y obligations are ! foll[+ excell5t texts3 ,lockwood & ,em]son's ,composition & ,rhetoric1 ,%]w9 ,cody's ,errors 9 ,composition1 ,a4 ,h4 ,esp5%ade's ,composition & ,rhetoric1 ,edw9 ,c4 ,woolley's ,h&book ( ,composition1 ,mc,lean1 ,blaisdell & ,morr['s ,/eps 9 ,engli%1 ,hub] ,gray ,buehl]'s ,practical ,ex]cises 9 ,engli%1 & ,c>l ,c4 ,m>%all's ,bus9ess ,engli%4 ,to ,messrs4 ,g9n & ,company1 publi%]s ( ,lockwood & ,em]son's ,composition & ,rhetoric1 & to ! ,goodye>-,m>%all ,publi%+ ,company1 publi%]s ( ,m>%all's ,bus9ess ,engli%1 ! au?or is indebt$ = _! k9d p]mission to make a r free adaptation ( c]ta9 p>ts ( _! texts4 ,n a little gratitude does ! au?or owe to ^? ( 8 fri5ds :o h enc\rag$ & aid$ him 9 ! prep>ation ( 8 manuscript1 & to ! c>eful criticisms & sugge/ions made by ^? p]sons :o exam9$ ! complet$ manuscript 9 behalf ( 8 publi%]s4 ,above all1 a great debt ( gratitude is ow$ to ,mr4 ,grant ,norris1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools1 ,braddock1 ,p5nsylvania1 = ! enc\ragem5t & pa9/ak+ aid he has giv5 bo? 9 prep>ation ( ! manuscript & 9 read+ ! pro( ( ! book4 ,t4,w4 ,,braddock1 ,,p5nsylvania4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4--,,s5t5ces--,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*--,,elem5ts ,,( ,,s5t5ce--,,phrases ,,& ,,clauses ,,ii4--,,n\ns ,common & ,prop] ,inflection ,def9$ ,numb] ,! ,=mation ( ,plurals ,comp\nd ,n\ns ,case ,! ,=mation ( ! ,possessive ,case ,g5d] ,,iii4--,,pron\ns ,agreem5t ) ,antec$5ts ,p]son ,g5d] ,rules ,gov]n+ ,g5d] ,numb] ,comp\nd ,antec$5ts ,relative ,int]rogative ,case ,=ms ,rules ,gov]n+ ,use ( ,cases ,comp\nd ,p]sonal ,comp\nd ,relative ,adjective ,miscellane\s ,cautions ,,iv4--,,adjectives ,,& ,,adv]bs ,comp>ison ,confusion ( ,adjectives & ,adv]bs ,improp] ,=ms ( ,adjectives ,errors 9 ,comp>ison ,s+ul> & ,plural ,adjectives ,plac+ ( ,adv]bs & ,adjectives ,d\ble ,negatives ,! ,articles ,v4--,,v]bs ,pr9cipal ,p>ts ,"n-=m ,pa/ ,t5se ,pa/ ,p>ticiple ,transitive & ,intransitive ,v]bs ,active & ,passive ,voice ,mode ,=ms ( ! ,subjunctive ,use ( ,indicative & ,subjunctive ,agreem5t ( ,v]b ) its ,subject ,rules ,gov]n+ ,agreem5t ( ! ,v]b ,miscellane\s ,cautions ,use ( ,%all & ,w ,use ( ,%\ld & ,w\ld ,use ( ,may & ,might1 ,c & ,c\ld ,p>ticiples & ,g]unds ,misuses ( ,p>ticiples & ,g]unds ,inf9itives ,sequ5ce ( ,inf9itive ,t5ses ,split ,inf9itives ,agreem5t ( ,v]b 9 ,clauses ,omission ( ,v]b or ,p>ts ( ,v]b ,model ,conjugations ,to ,be ,to ,see ,,vi4--,,connectives3 ,,relative ,,pron\ns1 ,,relative ,,adv]bs1 ,,conjunctions1 ,,& ,,prepositions ,indep5d5t & ,dep5d5t ,clauses ,case & ,numb] ( ,relative & ,int]rogative ,pron\ns ,conjunctive or ,relative ,adv]bs ,conjunctions ,plac+ ( ,correlatives ,prepositions ,,que/ions ,,= ,,! ,,review ,,( ,,gramm> ,a ,,g5]al ,,ex]cise ,,on ,,gramm> ,,vii4--,,s5t5ces ,loose ,p]iodic ,balanc$ ,s5t5ce ,l5g? ,! ,ess5tial ,qualities ( a ,s5t5ce ,unity ,coh]5ce ,emphasis ,euphony ,,viii4--,,capitalization ,,& ,,punctuation ,rules = ,capitalization ,rules = ,punctuation ,,ix4--,,! ,,p>agraph ,l5g? ,p>agraph+ ( ,spee* ,ind5tation ( ! ,p>agraph ,ess5tial ,qualities ( ! ,p>agraph ,unity ,coh]5ce ,emphasis ,x4--,,lett]-,,writ+ ,head+ ,inside ,address ,salutation ,body ( ! ,lett] ,close ,miscellane\s ,directions ,outside ,address ,correctly ,writt5 ,lett]s ,notes 9 ! ,?ird ,p]son ,,xi4--,,! ,,:ole ,,composition ,/atem5t ( ,subject ,! ,outl9e ,! ,beg9n+ ,ess5tial ,qualities ( ! ,:ole ,composition ,unity ,coh]5ce ,! ,end+ ,illu/rative ,examples ,l9coln's ,gettysburg ,spee* ,selection f ,cran=d ,li/ ( ,books = ,read+ ,,xii4--,,words--,,spell+--,,pronunciati on ,words ,good ,use ,(f5ses ,aga9/ ,good ,use ,solecisms ,b>b>isms ,improprieties ,idioms ,*oice ( ,words ,h[ to ,improve ,"o's ,vocabul>y ,spell+ ,pronunciation ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,miscellane\s ,,errors ,,practical ,,gramm> ,,& ,,composition 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,i ,,s5t5ces4--,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4--,,elem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,s5t5ce4--,,phrases ,,& ,,clauses #a4 ,9 ?9k+ we arrange & associate ideas & objects toge!r4 ,words are ! symbols ( ideas or objects4 ,a ,,s5t5ce is a gr\p ( words t expresses a s+le complete ?\ght4 #b4 ,,s5t5ces are ( f\r k9ds3 #a4 ,,decl>ative2 a s5t5ce t tells or decl>es some?+2 z1 ,t book is m9e4 #b4 ,,imp]ative2 a s5t5ce t expresses a comm&2 z1 ,br+ me t book4 #c4 ,,int]rogative2 a s5t5ce t asks a "q2 z1 ,is t book m9e8 #d4 ,,exclamatory2 a decl>ative1 imp]ative1 or int]rogative s5t5ce t expresses viol5t emotion1 su* z t]ror1 surprise1 or ang]2 z1 ,y %all take t book6 or1 ,c t book be m9e8 #c4 ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,words h diff]5t uses 9 s5t5ces4 ,accord+ to _! uses1 words are divid$ into classes call$ ,p>ts ( ,spee*4 ,! p>ts ( spee* are z foll[s3 #a4 ,,n\n2 a ^w us$ z ! "n ( some?+2 z1 man1 box1 ,pittsburgh1 ,h>ry1 sil5ce1 ju/ice4 #b4 ,,pron\n2 a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n2 z1 ,i1 he1 x1 t4 ,n\ns1 pron\ns1 or gr\ps ( words t are us$ z n\ns or pron\ns1 are call$ by ! g5]al t]m1 ,,sub/antives4 #c4 ,,adjective2 a ^w us$ to limit or qualify ! mean+ ( a n\n or a pron\n2 z1 good1 five1 tall1 _m4 ,! words a1 an1 & ! are words us$ to modify n\ns or pron\ns4 ,!y are adjectives1 b are usually call$ ,,articles4 #d4 ,,v]b2 a ^w us$ to /ate some?+ ab\t "s p]son or ?+2 z1 d1 see1 ?9k1 make4 #e4 ,,adv]b2 a ^w us$ to modify ! mean+ ( a v]b1 an adjective1 or ano!r adv]b2 z1 v1 sl[ly1 cle>ly1 (t54 #f4 ,,preposition2 a ^w us$ to jo9 a sub/antive1 z a modifi]1 to "s o!r prec$+ ^w1 & to %[ ! relation ( ! sub/antive to t ^w2 z1 by1 91 betwe51 beyond4 #g4 ,,conjunction2 a ^w us$ to connect words1 phrases1 clauses1 & s5t5ces2 z1 &1 b1 if1 al?\gh1 or4 #h4 ,,int]jection2 a ^w us$ to express surprise or emotion2 z1 ,oh6 ,alas6 ,hurrah6 ,bah6 ,sometimes a ^w adds no?+ to ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce1 b helps to fill out its =m or s\nd1 & s]ves z a device to alt] its natural ord]4 ,su* a ^w is call$ an ,,expletive4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce !re is an expletive3 ,,!re are no su* books 9 pr9t4 #d4 ,a s5t5ce is made up ( di/9ct p>ts or elem5ts4 ,! ess5tial or ,,pr9cipal ,,elem5ts are ! ,subject & ! ,pr$icate4 ,! ,,subject ( a s5t5ce is ! "p :i* m5tions t ab\t :i* some?+ is said4 ,! ,,pr$icate is ! "p :i* /ates t :i* is said ab\t ! subject4 ,man walks4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce1 man is ! subject1 & walks is ! pr$icate4 ,! subject may be simple or modifi$2 t is1 may consi/ ( ! subject alone1 or ( ! subject ) its modifi]s4 ,! same is true ( ! pr$icate4 ,?us1 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,man walks1 !re is a simple subject & a simple pr$icate4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,! good man walks v rapidly1 !re is a modifi$ subject & a modifi$ pr$icate4 ,!re may be1 also1 m ?an "o subject connect$ ) ! same pr$icate2 z1 ,,! ,,man ,,& ,,! ,,woman walk4 ,?is is call$ a ,,comp\nd ,,subject4 ,a ,,comp\nd ,,pr$icate consi/s ( m ?an "o pr$icate us$ ) ! same subject2 z1 ,! man ,,bo? ,,walks ,,& ,,runs4 #e4 ,besides ! pr9cipal elem5ts 9 a s5t5ce1 !re are ,,subord9ate ,,elem5ts4 ,^! are ! ,attribute ,complem5t1 ! ,object ,complem5t1 ! ,adjective ,modifi]1 & ! ,adv]bial ,modifi]4 ,"s v]bs1 to complete _! s5se1 ne$ to be foll[$ by "s o!r ^w or gr\p ( words4 ,^! words :i* complem5t1 or complete ! mean+s ( v]bs are call$ ,,complem5ts4 ,! ,,attribute ,,complem5t completes ! mean+ ( ! v]b by /at+ "s class1 condition1 or attribute ( ! subject2 z1 ,my fri5d is a ,,/ud5t1 ,i am ,,well1 ,! man is ,,good ,/ud5t1 well1 & good complete ! mean+s ( _! respective v]bs1 by /at+ "s class1 condition1 or attribute ( ! subjects ( ! v]bs4 ,! attribute complem5t usually foll[s ! v]b be or its =ms1 is1 are1 01 w be1 etc4 ,! attribute complem5t is usually a n\n1 pron\n1 or adjective1 al?\gh x may be a phrase or clause fulfill+ ! function ( any ( ^! p>ts ( spee*4 ,x mu/ n be confus$ ) an adv]b or an adv]bial modifi]4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,he is ,,!re1 !re is an adv]b1 n an attribute complem5t4 ,! v]b us$ ) an attribute complem5t1 because su* v]b jo9s ! subject to its attribute1 is call$ ! ,,copula 7to c\ple7 or ,,copulative ,,v]b4 ,"s v]bs require an object to complete _! mean+4 ,?is object is call$ ! ,,object ,,complem5t4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,i c>ry a ,,book1 ! object1 book1 is requir$ to complete ! mean+ ( ! transitive v]b c>ry2 s1 also 9 ! s5t5ces1 ,i hold ! ,,horse1 & ,i t\* a ,,desk1 ! objects horse & desk are necess>y to complete ! mean+s ( _! respective v]bs4 ,^! v]bs t require objects to complete _! mean+ are call$ ,transitive ,v]bs4 ,,adjective & ,,adv]bial ,,modifi]s may consi/ simply ( adjectives & adv]bs1 or ( phrases & clauses us$ z adjectives or adv]bs4 #f4 ,a ,,phrase is a gr\p ( words t is us$ z a s+le "p ( spee* & t does n conta9 a subject & a pr$icate4 ,a ,,prepositional ,,phrase1 always us$ z ei!r an adjective or an adv]bial modifi]1 consi/s ( a preposition ) its object & ! modifi]s ( ! object2 z1 ,he lives ,,9 ,,pittsburg1 ,mr4 ,smi? ,,( ,,?is ,,place is ! manag] ,,( ,,! ,,mill1 ,! lett] is ,,9 ,,! ,,ne>e/ ,,desk4 ,!re are also ,v]b-phrases4 ,a ,,v]b-,,phrase is a phrase t s]ves z a v]b2 z1 ,i ,,am ,,com+1 ,he ,,%all ,,be ,,told1 ,he ,,ought ,,to ,,h ,,be5 ,,told4 #g4 ,a ,,clause is a gr\p ( words conta9+ a subject & a pr$icate2 z1 ,! man ,,t ,i ,,saw 0 tall4 ,! clause1 t ,i saw1 conta9s bo? a subject1 ,i1 & a pr$icate1 saw4 ,?is clause1 s9ce x m]ely /ates some?+ ( m9or importance 9 ! s5t5ce1 is call$ ! ,,subord9ate ,,clause4 ,! ,,pr9cipal ,,clause1 ! "o mak+ ! mo/ important ass]tion1 is1 ,! man 0 tall4 ,clauses may be us$ z adjectives1 z adv]bs1 & z n\ns4 ,a clause us$ z a n\n is call$ a ,,sub/antive ,,clause4 ,exam9e ! foll[+ examples3 ,adjective ,clause3 ,! book t ,i want is a hi/ory4 ,adv]bial ,clause3 ,he came :5 he _h f9i%$ ) ! "w4 ,n\n ,clause z subject3 ,t ,i am "h is true4 ,n\n ,clause z object3 ,he said t ,i 0 mi/ak54 #h4 ,s5t5ces1 z to _! composition1 are classifi$ z foll[s3 ,,simple2 a s5t5ce consi/+ ( a s+le /atem5t2 z1 ,! man walks4 ,,complex2 a s5t5ce consi/+ ( "o pr9cipal clause & "o or m subord9ate clauses2 z1 ,! man t ,i saw is tall4 ,,comp\nd2 a s5t5ce consi/+ ( two or m clauses ( equal importance connect$ by conjunctions express$ or und]/ood2 z1 ,! man is tall & walks rapidly1 & ,wat* ! little ?+s2 !y are important4 ,,ex]cise ,i ,9 ?is & 9 all foll[+ ex]cises1 be able to give ! reason = ev]y?+ y d & = e conclusion y rea*4 ,only intellig5t & reason+ "w is wor? :ile4 ,9 ! foll[+ li/ ( s5t5ces3 7#a7 ,det]m9e ! "p ( spee* ( e ^w4 7#b7 ,det]m9e ! unmodifi$ subject & ! unmodifi$ pr$icate2 & ! modifi$ subject & ! modifi$ pr$icate4 7#c7 ,pick out e attribute complem5t & e object complem5t4 7#d7 ,pick out e phrase & det]m9e :e!r x is a prepositional phrase or a v]b-phrase4 ,if x is a prepositional phrase1 det]m9e :e!r x is us$ z an adjective or z an adv]b4 7#e7 ,det]m9e ! pr9cipal & ! subord9ate clauses4 ,if !y are subord9ate clauses1 det]m9e :e!r !y are us$ z n\ns1 adjectives1 or adv]bs4 7#f7 ,classify e s5t5ce z simple1 complex1 or comp\nd4 #a4 ,h\ses are built ( wood1 brick1 /one1 & o!r mat]ials1 & are con/ruct$ 9 v>i\s /yles4 #b4 ,! pa? ( glory leads b to ! grave4 #c4 ,we gladly accept$ ! (f] :i* he made4 #d4 ,i am ne>ly ready1 & %all soon jo9 y4 #e4 ,!re are few m5 :o d n try to be hone/4 #f4 ,m5 may come1 & m5 may g1 b ,i g on =ev]4 #g4 ,he works h>d1 & re/s little4 #h4 ,%e is /ill no bett]1 b we hope t !re w be a *ange4 #i4 ,let ea* speak = himself4 #aj4 ,x 0 ,i :o told him to g4 #aa4 ,to live an hone/ life %\ld be ! aim ( e "o4 #ab4 ,:o x really 0 no "o knew1 b all believ$ x to h be5 him4 #ac4 ,9 city & 9 c\ntry p ?9k v diff]5tly4 #ad4 ,to be or n to be1 t is ! "q4 #ae4 ,9 tru?1 ,i ?9k t ,i saw a bro!r ( 8 9 t place4 #af4 ,by a great ef=t he manag$ to make headway aga9/ ! curr5t4 #ag4 ,beyond ?is1 ,i h no?+ to say4 #ah4 ,t we are nev] too old to le>n is a true say+4 #ai4 ,full (t5 wi%$ he t ! w9d might rage4 #bj4 ,lucky is he :o has be5 educat$ to be> 8 fate4 #ba4 ,x is ,i :om y see4 #bb4 ,! /udy ( hi/ory is a /udy t dem&s a well-tra9$ memory4 #bc4 ,beyond ! city limits ! tra9s run m rapidly ?an !y d "h4 #bd4 ,alas6 ,i c travel no m4 #be4 ,a lamp t smokes is a torture to "o :o wants to /udy4 ,,ex]cise #b 7#a7 ,write a li/ ( six examples ( e "p ( spee*4 7#b7 ,write eight s5t5ces1 ea* conta9+ an attribute complem5t4 ,use adjectives1 n\ns1 & pron\ns4 7#c7 ,write eight s5t5ces1 ea* conta9+ an object complem5t4 7#d7 ,write five s5t5ces1 9 ea* us+ "s =m ( ! v]b ,,to ,,be1 foll[$ by an adv]bial modifi]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,n\ns #i4 ,a n\n has be5 def9$ z a ^w us$ z ! "n ( some?+4 ,x may be ! "n ( a p]son1 a place1 a ?+1 or ( "s ab/ract quality1 su* z1 ju/ice or tru?4 #aj4 ,,common ,,& ,,prop] ,,n\ns4 ,a ,,prop] ,,n\n is a n\n t names "s p>ticul> or special place1 p]son1 p1 or ?+4 ,a prop] n\n %\ld always beg9 ) a capital lett]2 z1 ,engli%1 ,rome1 ,jews1 ,john4 ,a ,,common ,,n\n is a g5]al or class "n4 #aa4 ,,inflection ,,def9$4 ,! v>iation 9 ! =ms ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee* to %[ grammatical relation1 is call$ ,,inflection4 ,?\gh !re is "s inflection 9 ,engli%1 grammatical relation is usually %[n by position r ?an by inflection4 ,! n\n is inflect$ to %[ numb]1 case1 & g5d]4 #ab4 ,,numb] is t quality ( a ^w :i* %[s :e!r x ref]s to "o or to m ?an "o4 ,,s+ul> ,,numb] ref]s to "o4 ,,plural ,,numb] ref]s to m ?an "o4 #ac4 ,,plurals ,,( ,,s+ul> ,,n\ns ,,are ,,=m$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,rules3 #a4 ,mo/ n\ns add s to ! s+ul>2 z1 boy1 boys2 /ove1 /oves4 #b4 ,n\ns end+ 9 s1 *1 %1 or x1 add es to ! s+ul>2 z1 fox1 foxes2 wi%1 wi%es2 glass1 glasses2 coa*1 coa*es4 #c4 ,n\ns end+ 9 y prec$$ by a v[el 7a1 e1 i1 o1 u7 add s2 z1 valley1 valleys1 7soliloquy1 soliloquies & colloquy1 colloquies are exceptions74 ,:5 y is prec$$ by a consonant 7any lett] o!r ?an a v[el71 y is *ang$ to i & es is add$2 z1 army1 armies2 pony1 ponies2 /y1 /ies4 #d4 ,mo/ n\ns end+ 9 f or fe add s1 z1 sc>f1 sc>fs2 safe1 safes4 ,a few *ange f or fe to v & add es2 z1 wife1 wives2 self1 selves4 ,! o!rs are3 beef1 calf1 elf1 half1 leaf1 loaf1 %eaf1 %elf1 /aff1 ?ief1 :>f1 wolf1 life4 7,:>f has also a plural1 :>fs47 #e4 ,mo/ n\ns end+ 9 o add s2 z1 cameo1 cameos4 ,a numb] ( n\ns end+ 9 o prec$$ by a consonant add es2 z1 volcano1 volcanoes4 ,! mo/ important ( ! latt] class are3 buffalo1 c>go1 calico1 e*o1 emb>go1 flam+o1 h]o1 motto1 mulatto1 negro1 potato1 tomato1 tornado1 torp$o1 veto4 #f4 ,lett]s1 figures1 *>act]s1 etc41 add ! apo/rophe & s 7's72 z1 #f's1 c's1 t's1 t's4 #g4 ,! foll[+ common words always =m _! plurals 9 an irregul> way2 z1 man1 m52 ox1 ox52 goose1 geese2 woman1 wom52 foot1 feet2 m\se1 mice2 *ild1 *ildr52 too?1 tee?2 l\se1 lice4 ,,comp\nd ,,n\ns are ^? =m$ by ! union ( two words1 ei!r two n\ns or a n\n jo9$ to "s descriptive ^w or phrase4 #h4 ,! pr9cipal n\n ( a comp\nd n\n1 :e!r x prec$es or foll[s ! descriptive "p1 is 9 mo/ cases ! n\n t *anges 9 =m+ ! plural2 z1 mo!rs-9-law1 knights-errant1 m\se-traps4 ,9 a few comp\nd words1 bo? p>ts take a plural =m2 z1 man-s]vant1 m5-s]vants2 knight-templ>1 knights-templ>s4 #i4 ,prop] names & titles g5]ally =m plurals 9 ! same way z d o!r n\ns2 z1 ,s5ators ,web/] & ,clay1 ! ?ree ,h5rys4 ,abbreviations ( titles are little us$ 9 ! plural1 except ,messrs4 7,mr471 & ,drs4 7,dr474 #aj4 ,9 =m+ ! plurals ( prop] names :]e a title is us$1 ei!r ! title or ! "n may be put 9 ! plural =m4 ,sometimes bo? are made plural2 z1 ,miss ,br[n1 ! ,misses ,br[n1 ! ,miss ,br[ns1 ! two ,mrs4 ,br[ns4 #aa4 ,"s n\ns are ! same 9 bo? ! s+ul> & ! plural2 z1 de]1 s]ies1 means1 gross1 etc4 #ab4 ,"s n\ns us$ 9 two s5ses h two plural =ms4 ,! mo/ important are ! foll[+3 ,,bro!r bro!rs 7by blood7 bre?r5 7by association7 ,,clo? clo?s 7k9ds ( clo?7 clo!s 7g>m5ts7 ,,die dies 7= co9age7 dice 7= games7 ,,fi% fi%es 7sep>ately7 fi% 7collectively7 ,,g5ius g5iuses 7m5 ( g5ius7 g5ii 7imag9>y be+s7 ,,head heads 7( ! body7 head 7( cattle7 ,,index indexes 7( books7 indices 79 algebra7 ,,pea peas 7sep>ately7 pease 7collectively7 ,,p5ny p5nies 7sep>ately7 p5ce 7collectively7 ,,sail sails 7pieces ( canvas7 sail 7numb] ( vessels7 ,,%ot %ots 7numb] ( dis*>ges7 %ot 7numb] ( balls7 #ac4 ,n\ns f =eign languages frequ5tly reta9 9 ! plural ! =m t !y h 9 ! language f :i* !y are tak52 z1 focus1 foci2 t]m9us1 t]m9i2 alumnus1 alumni2 datum1 data2 /ratum1 /rata2 =mula1 =mul2 vortex1 vortices2 app5dix1 app5dices2 crisis1 crises2 oasis1 oases2 axis1 axes2 ph5om5on1 ph5om5a2 automaton1 automata2 analysis1 analyses2 hypo!sis1 hypo!ses2 m$ium1 m$ia2 v]tebra1 v]tebr2 ellipsis1 ellipses2 g5us1 g5]a2 fungus1 fungi2 m9imum1 m9ima2 !sis1 !ses4 ,,ex]cise #c ,write ! plural1 if any1 ( e s+ul> n\n 9 ! foll[+ li/2 & ! s+ul>1 if any1 ( e plural n\n4 ,note ^? hav+ no s+ul> & ^? hav+ no plural4 ,news1 goods1 ?anks1 scissors1 proce$s1 puppy1 /udio1 survey1 attorney1 ar*1 belief1 *ief1 *>ity1 half1 h]o1 negro1 majority1 ,m>y1 vortex1 mem5to1 joy1 lily1 knight-templ>1 knight-errant1 :y1 #d1 x1 son-9-law1 ,miss ,smi?1 ,mr4 ,&]son1 c\ntry-man1 hang]-on1 major-g5]al1 ox51 geese1 man-s]vant1 bre?r51 /rata1 %eep1 ma!matics1 pride1 money1 pea1 head1 piano1 veto1 knives1 ratios1 alumni1 feet1 wolves1 presid5t1 sailor-boy1 spoonful1 rope-ladd]1 gr&mo!r1 attorney-g5]al1 cupful1 g-betwe54 ,:5 9 d\bt respect+ ! =m ( any ( ! above1 consult an unabridg$ diction>y4 #ad4 ,,case4 ,!re are ?ree cases 9 ,engli%3 ! ,nom9ative1 ! ,possessive1 & ! ,objective4 ,! ,,nom9ative ,,case2 ! =m us$ 9 address & z ! subject ( a v]b4 ,! ,,objective ,,case2 ! =m us$ z ! object ( a v]b or a preposition4 ,x is always ! same 9 =m z is ! nom9ative4 ,s9ce no error 9 gramm> c arise 9 ! use ( ! nom9ative or ! objective cases ( n\ns1 no fur!r discussion ( ^! cases is "h ne$$4 ,! ,,possessive ,,case2 ! =m us$ to %[ own]%ip4 ,9 ! =m+ ( ?is case we h inflection4 #ae4 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,are ,,! ,,rules ,,= ,,! ,,=m+ ,,( ,,! ,,possessive ,,case3 #a4 ,mo/ n\ns =m ! possessive by add+ ! apo/rophe & s 7's72 z1 man1 man's2 m51 m5's2 pupil1 pupil's2 ,john1 ,john's4 #b4 ,plural n\ns end+ 9 s =m ! possessive by add+ only ! apo/rophe 7'72 z1 p]sons1 p]sons'2 writ]s1 writ]s'4 ,9 /at+ possession 9 ! plural1 !n "o %\ld say3 ,c>p5t]s' tools %>p5$ "h1 ,odd ,fell[s' wives are invit$1 etc4 #c4 ,"s s+ul> n\ns end+ 9 an s s\nd =m ! possessive by add+ ! apo/rophe alone2 z1 = appe>ance' sake1 = goodness' sake4 ,b usage incl9es to ! add+ ( ! apo/rophe & s 7's7 ev5 if ! s+ul> n\n does end 9 an s s\nd2 z1 ,*>les's book1 ,frances's dress1 ! mi/ress's dress4 #d4 ,:5 a comp\nd n\n1 or a gr\p ( words treat$ z "o "n1 is us$ to d5ote possession1 ! sign ( ! possessive is add$ to ! la/ ^w only2 z1 ,*>les & ,john's "m 7! "m ( bo? ,*>les & ,john71 ,br[n & ,smi?'s /ore 7! /ore ( ! firm ,br[n ,smi?74 #e4 ,:]e ! succession ( possessives is unpleasant or confus+1 ! sub/itution ( a prepositional phrase %\ld be made2 z1 ! h\se ( ! "m ( ,*>les's p>tn]1 in/ead (1 ,*>les's p>tn]'s "m's h\se4 #f4 ,! sign ( ! possessive %\ld be us$ ) ! ^w imm$iately prec$+ ! ^w nam+ ! ?+ possess$2 z1 ,fa!r & "m's h\se1 ,smi?1 ! lawy]'s1 (fice1 ,! ,s5ator f ,utah's seat4 #g4 ,g5]ally1 n\ns repres5t+ inanimate objects %\ld n be us$ 9 ! possessive case4 ,x is bett] to say ! h&s ( ! clock ?an ! clock's h&s4 ,,note4--,"o %\ld say somebody else's1 n somebody's else4 ,! expression somebody else always occurs 9 ! "o =m1 & 9 su* cases ! sign ( ! possessive %\ld be add$ to ! la/ ^w4 ,simil>ly1 say1 no "o else's1 ev]ybody else's1 etc4 ,,ex]cise #d ,write ! possessives ( ! foll[+3 ,ox51 ox1 bro!r-9-law1 ,miss ,jones1 goose1 man1 m51 m5-s]vants1 man-s]vant1 ,ma9e1 dogs1 attorneys-at-law1 ,jackson ,jones1 ,john ! /ud5t1 my fri5d ,john1 coat1 %oe1 boy1 boys1 ,mayor ( ,clevel&4 ,,ex]cise #e ,write s5t5ces illu/rat+ ! use ( ! possessives y h =m$ = ! fir/ t5 words "u ,ex]cise #d4 ,,ex]cise #f ,*ange ! foll[+ expressions f ! prepositional phrase =m to ! possessive3 #a4 ,! %ips ( ,g]many & ,france4 #b4 ,! g>d5 ( 8 "m & si/]4 #c4 ,! cr$it ( ,jackson ,jones4 #d4 ,! signature ( ! presid5t ( ! firm4 #e4 ,! com+ ( my gr&fa!r4 #f4 ,! lives ( our fri5ds4 #g4 ,! dog ( bo? ,john & ,william4 #h4 ,! dog ( ,john & ! dog ( ,william4 #i4 ,! act ( anybody else4 #aj4 ,! %ortcom+s ( ,alice4 #aa4 ,! poems ( ,rob]t ,burns4 #ab4 ,! wives ( ,h5ry ! ,eigh?4 #ac4 ,! home ( ,m>y & ,m>?a4 #ad4 ,! novels ( ,dick5s & ! novels ( ,scott4 #ae4 ,! f>m ( my "m & ( my fa!r4 #af4 ,! recomm5dation ( ,sup]9t5d5t ,norris4 ,,ex]cise #g ,correct su* ( ! foll[+ expressions z ne$ correction4 ,if apo/rophes are omitt$1 ins]t !m 9 ! prop] places3 #a4 ,he walk$ to ! precipices edge4 #b4 ,bo? ,john & ,william's books 7 lo/4 #c4 ,!y sell boy's hats & m5s' coats4 #d4 ,my fri5ds' umbrella 0 /ol54 #e4 ,i %all buy a hat at ,wanamak]'s ,br[n's4 #f4 ,?is /ud5t's lessons4 #g4 ,^! /ud5ts books4 #h4 ,my daught]s com+4 #i4 ,john's wife's c\s94 #aj4 ,my son's wife's aunt4 #aa4 ,five ye>s imprisonm5t "u ,texas's law4 #ab4 ,john's books & ,williams4 #ac4 ,! ,democrat's & ,republican ,conv5tion4 #ad4 ,france's & ,engl&'s int]e/s diff] widely4 #ae4 ,! moons' face 0 hidd54 #af4 ,w9e is made f ! grape's juice4 #ag4 ,morton1 ! pr9cipals1 signature4 #ah4 ,jones ,smi?1 ! lawy]s1 (fice4 #af4 ,,g5d]4 ,g5d] 9 gramm> is ! quality ( n\ns or pron\ns t d5otes ! sex ( ! p]son or ?+ repres5t$4 ,^? n\ns or pron\ns mean+ males are 9 ! ,,mascul9e ,,g5d]4 ,^? mean+ females are 9 ! ,,fem99e ,,g5d]4 ,^? ref]r+ to ?+s )\t sex are 9 ! ,,neut] ,,g5d]4 ,9 n\ns g5d] is ( little consequ5ce4 ,! only regul> inflection is ! addition ( ! syllable-ess to c]ta9 mascul9e n\ns to d5ote ! *ange to ! fem99e g5d]2 z1 au?or1 au?oress2 poet1 poetess4 -,ix is also sometimes add$ = ! same purpose2 z1 adm9i/rator1 adm9i/ratrix4 ,! fem99e =ms 7 =m]ly mu* us$1 b _! use is n[ be+ discont9u$1 & ! n\n ( mascul9e g5d] us$ to designate bo? sexes4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,pron\ns #ag4 ,,pron\n ,,& ,,antec$5t4 ,a ,,pron\n is a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n4 ,! n\n 9 ^: /ead x /&s is call$ its ,,antec$5t4 ,,john took ,m>y's ,,book & gave ,,x to ,,8 fri5d4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce book is ! antec$5t ( ! pron\n x1 & ,john is ! antec$5t ( 84 #ah4 ,,pron\ns ,,%\ld ,,agree ,,) ,,_! ,,antec$5ts ,,9 ,,p]son1 ,,g5d]1 ,,& ,,numb]4 #ai4 ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns are ^? t by _! =m indicate ! speak]1 ! p]son spok5 to1 or ! p]son or ?+ spok5 ab\t4 ,pron\ns ( ! ,,fir/ ,,p]son indicate ! speak]2 !y are3 ,i1 me1 my1 m9e1 we1 u1 our1 ours4 ,pron\ns ( ! ,,second ,,p]son indicate ! p]son or ?+ spok5 to2 !y are3 y1 y\r1 y\rs4 ,!re are also ! grave or solemn =ms 9 ! second p]son1 :i* are n[ little us$2 ^! are3 ?\1 !e1 ?y1 ?9e1 & ye4 ,pron\ns ( ! ,,?ird ,,p]son indicate ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (2 !y are3 he1 81 him1 %e1 h]1 h]s1 !y1 _!1 !irs1 !m1 x1 its4 ,few errors are made 9 ! use ( ! prop] p]son ( ! pron\n4 #bj4 ,,g5d] ,,( ,,pron\ns4 ,! foll[+ pron\ns indicate sex or g5d]2 ,mascul9e3 he1 81 him4 ,fem99e3 %e1 h]1 h]s4 ,neut]3 x1 its4 ,,9 ,,ord] ,,to ,,secure ,,agreem5t ,,9 ,,g5d] ,,x ,,is ,,necess>y ,,to ,,"k ,,! ,,g5d] ,,( ,,! ,,n\n1 ,,express$ ,,or ,,und]/ood1 ,,to ,,:i* ,,! ,,pron\n ,,ref]s4 ,g5d] ( n\ns is important only s f> z x conc]ns ! use ( pron\ns4 ,/udy c>efully ! foll[+ rules 9 reg>d to g5d]4 ,^! rules apply to ! s+ul> numb] only1 s9ce all plurals ( :atev] g5d] are ref]r$ to by !y1 _!1 !irs1 etc4 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,rules ,,gov]n ,,! ,,g5d] ,,( ,,pron\ns3 ,,mascul9e2 ref]r$ to by ,,he1 ,,81 & ,,him3 #a4 ,n\ns d5ot+ males are always mascul9e4 #b4 ,n\ns d5ot+ ?+s rem>kable = /r5g?1 p[]1 sublimity1 or size1 :5 ^? ?+s are reg>d$ z if !y 7 p]sons1 are mascul9e2 z1 ,,w9t]1 ) ,,8 *illy army1 de/roy$ !m all4 #c4 ,s+ul> n\ns d5ot+ p]sons ( bo? sexes are mascul9e2 z1 ,,e ,,"o br\ght ,,8 umbrella4 ,,fem99e2 ref]r$ to by ,,%e1 ,,h]1 or ,,h]s3 #a4 ,n\ns d5ot+ females are always fem99e4 #b4 ,n\ns d5ot+ objects rem>kable = beauty1 g5tl5ess1 & peace1 :5 spok5 ( z if !y 7 p]sons1 are fem99e2 z1 ,,sleep heal$ him ) ,,h] fo/]+ c>e4 ,,neut]2 ref]r$ to by ,,x & ,,its3 #a4 ,n\ns d5ot+ objects )\t sex are neut]4 #b4 ,n\ns d5ot+ objects ^: sex is disreg>d$ are neut]2 z1 ,,x is a pretty *ild1 ,! ,,wolf is ! mo/ savage ( ,,its race4 #c4 ,collective n\ns ref]r+ to a gr\p ( individuals z a unit are neut]2 z1 ,! ,,jury gives its ,,v]dict1 ,! ,,committee makes ,,its report4 ,an animal nam$ may be reg>d$ z mascul9e2 fem99e1 or neut]1 accord+ to ! *>act]i/ics ! writ] fancies x to possess2 z1 ,! ,,wolf seeks ,,8 prey1 ,! ,,m\se nibbl$ ,,h] way into ! box1 ,! ,,bird seeks ,,its ne/4 ,c]ta9 n\ns may be appli$ to p]sons ( ei!r sex4 ,!y are !n said to be ( ,,common ,,g5d]4 ,!re are no pron\ns ( common g5d]2 h5ce ^? n\ns are ref]r$ to z foll[s3 #a4 ,by mascul9e pron\ns :5 kn[n to d5ote males2 z1 ,,my ,,class-,,mate 7kn[n to be ,h>ry7 is tak+ ,,8 exam9ations4 #b4 ,by fem99e pron\ns :5 kn[n to d5ote females2 z1 ,,ea* ,,( ,,! ,,pupils ( ! ,girls ,high ,s*ool br\ght ,,h] book4 #c4 ,by mascul9e pron\ns :5 !re is no?+ 9 ! connection ( ! ?\ght to %[ ! sex ( ! object2 z1 ,let e ,,p]son br+ 8 book4 #ba4 ,,numb] ,,( ,,pron\ns4 ,a m common s\rce ( error ?an disagreem5t 9 g5d] is disagreem5t 9 numb]4 ,!y1 _!1 !irs1 & !m are plural1 b are (t5 improp]ly us$ :5 only s+ul> pron\ns %\ld be us$4 ,! cause ( ! error is failure to realize ! true antec$5t4 ,if ,,anybody makes t /atem5t1 ,,!y are mis9=m$4 ,?is s5t5ce is wrong4 ,anybody ref]s to only "o p]son2 bo? any & body1 ! p>ts ( ! ^w1 d5ote ! s+ul>4 ,! s5t5ce %\ld read1 ,if ,,anybody makes t /atem5t1 ,,he is mis9=m$4 ,simil>ly1 ,let ,,ev]ybody keep ,,_! peace1 %\ld read1 ,let ,,ev]ybody keep ,,8 peace4 #bb4 ,,comp\nd ,,antec$5ts4 ,two or m antec$5ts connect$ by or or nor are frequ5tly ref]r$ to by ! plural :5 ! s+ul> %\ld be us$4 ,nei!r ,john nor ,james br\ght ,,_! books1 %\ld read1 ,nei!r ,john nor ,james br\ght ,,8 books4 ,:5 a pron\n has two or m s+ul> antec$5ts connect$ by or or nor1 ! pron\n mu/ be 9 ! s+ul> numb]2 b if "o ( ! antec$5ts is plural1 ! pron\n mu/1 also1 be 9 ! plural2 z1 ,nei!r ! ,mormon nor 8 wives d5i$ ,,_! religion4 ,:5 a pron\n has two or m antec$5ts connect$ by &1 ! pron\n mu/ be 9 ! plural numb]2 z1 ,john & ,james br\ght ,,_! books4 ,fur!r treatm5t ( numb] w be giv5 "u v]bs4 ,,ex]cise #h ,fill 9 ! blanks 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces ) ! prop] pron\ns4 ,see t !re is agreem5t 9 p]son1 g5d]1 & numb]3 #a4 ,has ev]ybody f9i%$ ---- "w4 #b4 ,if any "o wi%es a long] "t1 let ---- hold up ---- h&4 #c4 ,! pan!r sprang f ---- lurk+ place4 #d4 ,_m a man has 7h7 lo/ ---- money 9 speculation4 #e4 ,! cat came ea* day = ---- bit ( meat4 #f4 ,ev]yone has to prove ---- "r to a seat4 #g4 ,let e boy answ] = ---- self 7selves74 #h4 ,! cr[d 0 s great t we c\ld h>dly get ?r\gh ----4 #i4 ,let any boy guess ?is riddle if ---- c4 #aj4 ,company ,h 0 greatly r$uc$ 9 ---- numb]s4 #aa4 ,e animal has "s weapon ) :i* ---- c def5d ----self 7selves74 #ab4 ,n[h]e does ea* d>e d z ---- pleases 7please74 #ac4 ,! elephant plac$ ---- great foot on ! man's *e/4 #ad4 ,! *ild did n "k ---- "m4 #ae4 ,dea? ga!rs ---- unfail+ h>ve/4 #af4 ,e k9d ( animal has ---- natural enemies4 #ag4 ,! committee in/ruct$ ---- *airman to report ! matt]4 #ah4 ,two m5 7 pres5t1 b nei!r w\ld tell :at ---- saw4 #ai4 ,tru? always triumphs ov] ---- enemies4 #bj4 ,nobody did ---- duty m readily ?an ,i4 #ba4 ,! cat nev] fails to cat* ---- prey4 #bb4 ,i h us$ bo? blue crayon & r$ crayon1 b ---- does 7d7 n write s cle>ly z :ite4 #bc4 ,if ,john & ,h5ry :isp] 7:isp]s7 ---- w be puni%$4 #bd4 ,if ,john or ,h5ry :isp] 7:isp]s7 ---- w be puni%$4 #be4 ,bo? ,columbus & ,cabot fail$ to realize ! importance ( ---- discov]ies4 #bf4 ,nei!r ! lawy] nor ! %]iff lik$ ---- task4 #bg4 ,! can>y long$ to escape f ---- cage4 #bh4 ,! rat ran to ---- hole4 #bi4 ,! dog seem$ to "k ---- ma/] 0 dead4 #cj4 ,ev]yone %\ld try to ga!r a ho/ ( fri5ds ab\t ----4 #ca4 ,if any "o wi%es to see me1 s5d ---- to ! ,pi]ce ,build+4 #cb4 ,probably ev]ybody is disc\rag$ at lea/ once 9 ---- life4 #cc4 ,nobody %\ld deceive ----selves 7self74 #cd4 ,let ea* take ---- own seat4 #ce4 ,let ea* girl 9 ! class br+ ---- book4 #cf4 ,let ea* br+ ---- book4 #cg4 ,let ea* br+ ---- sew+4 #ch4 ,! fox dropp$ ---- meat 9 ! pool4 #ci4 ,! rock lay on ---- side4 #dj4 ,let sleep ent] ) ---- heal+ t\*4 #da4 ,ea* believ$ t ---- _h be5 elect$ a delegate to ! ,"m's ,congress4 #db4 ,consumption dem&s ea* ye> ---- ?\s&s ( victims4 #dc4 ,summ] arrays ----self 7selves7 ) fl[]s4 #dd4 ,despair seiz$ him 9 ---- p[]ful grasp4 #de4 ,if any boy or any girl f9ds ! book1 let ---- br+ x to me4 #df4 ,let e man & e woman speak ----m9d4 #dg4 ,spr+ set =? ---- beauties4 #dh4 ,h[ does ! m\se save ---- self 7selves7 f be+ caught8 #di4 ,! h5 cackl$ ---- l\de/4 #ej4 ,"s man or boy lo/ ---- hat4 #ea4 ,john or ,james w favor u ) ---- company4 #eb4 ,nei!r ! capta9 nor ! soldi]s %[$ ----self 7selves7 dur+ ! fight4 #ec4 ,if ! boys or _! fa!r come we %all be glad to see ----4 #ed4 ,e man & e boy receiv$ ---- d9n]4 #ee4 ,e man or boy gave ---- (f]+4 ,,ex]cise #i ,by :at g5d] ( ! pron\ns w\ld y ref] to ! foll[+ n\ns8 ,snake1 dea?1 c>e1 m]cy1 fox1 be>1 walrus1 *ild1 baby1 fri5d 7unc]ta9 sex71 fri5d 7kn[n to be ,m>y71 ev]ybody1 someone1 arti/1 fl[]1 moon1 sun1 sorr[1 fate1 /ud5t1 =eign]1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 e>?1 ,g]many8 #bc4 ,,relative ,,pron\ns4 ,relative ,pron\ns are pron\ns us$ to introduce adjective or n\n clauses t are n int]rogative4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,! man ,,t ,i ,,m5tion$ has come1 ! relative clause1 t ,i m5tion$1 is an adjective clause modify+ man4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,,:om ,,%e ,,means1 ,i d n "k1 ! relative clause is1 :om %e means1 & is a n\n clause =m+ ! object ( ! v]b "k4 ,! relative pron\ns are :o 7^:1 :om71 :i*1 t & :at4 ,b & z are sometimes relative pron\ns4 ,!re are1 also1 comp\nd relative pron\ns1 :i* w be m5tion$ lat]4 #bd4 ,:o 7) its possessive & objective =ms1 ^: & :om7 %\ld be us$ :5 ! antec$5t d5otes p]sons4 ,:5 ! antec$5t d5otes ?+s or animals1 :i* %\ld be us$4 ,t may be us$ ) antec$5ts d5ot+ p]sons1 animals or ?+s1 & is ! prop] relative to use :5 ! antec$5t includes bo? p]sons & ?+s4 ,:at1 :5 us$ z a relative1 seldom prop]ly ref]s to p]sons4 ,x always introduces a sub/antive clause1 & is equival5t to t :i*2 z1 ,x is ,,:at 7t :i*7 he wants4 #be4 ,t is kn[n z ! ,,re/rictive ,,relative1 because x %\ld be us$ :5ev] ! relative clause limits ! sub/antive1 unless :o or :i* is ( m pleas+ s\nd 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,he is ! man ,,t ,,did ,,! ,,act1 ! relative clause1 t did ! act1 def9es :at is meant by man2 )\t ! relative clause ! s5t5ce cle>ly w\ld be incomplete4 ,simil>ly1 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,! book ,,t ,i ,,want is t r$-back$ hi/ory1 ! re/rictive relative clause is1 t ,i want1 & limits ! application ( book4 #bf4 ,:o & :i* are kn[n z ! ,,explanatory or ,,non-,,re/rictive ,,relatives1 & %\ld be us$ ord9>ily only to introduce relative clauses :i* add "s new ?\ght to ! au?or's pr9cipal ?\ght4 ,spani%1 ,,:i* ,,is ,,! ,,lea/ ,,complex ,,language1 is ! easie/ to le>n4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce ! pr9cipal ?\ght is1 ,spani% is ! easie/ language to le>n4 ,! relative clause1 :i* is ! lea/ complex language1 is a ?\ght1 :i*1 ?\gh n fully s important z ! pr9cipal ?\ght1 is m ne>ly cord9ate ?an subord9ate 9 its value4 ,x adds an additional ?\ght ( ! speak] expla9+ ! "* ( ! ,spani% language4 ,:5 :o & :i* are ?us us$ z explanatory relatives1 we see t ! relative clause may be omitt$ )\t mak+ ! s5t5ce incomplete4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 ,explanatory relative clause3 ,t book1 :i* is ab\t hi/ory1 has a r$ cov]4 ,re/rictive relative clause3 ,! book t is ab\t hi/ory has a r$ cov]4 ,explanatory relative clause3 ,l9coln1 :o 0 "o ( ! _w's greate/ m51 0 kill$ by ,boo?4 ,re/rictive relative clause3 ,! ,l9coln t 0 kill$ by ,boo? 0 "o ( ! _w's greate/ m54 ,,note4--,see #aaa1 = rule z to ! punctuation ( relative clauses4 #bg4 ,,int]rogative ,,pron\ns4 ,an ,int]rogative ,pron\n is a pron\n us$ to ask a "q4 ,! int]rogative pron\ns are1 :o 7^:1 :om71 :i*1 & :at4 ,9 respect to antec$5ts1 :o %\ld be us$ only 9 ref]5ce to p]sons2 :i* & :at may be us$ ) any antec$5t1 p]sons1 animals1 or ?+s4 ,,ex]cise #aj ,*oose ! prop] relative or int]rogative pron\n to be ins]t$ 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,ins]t commas :]e !y are ne$$4 7,see #aaa73 #a4 ,! k9dly physician ---- 0 s greatly lov$ is dead4 #b4 ,?is is ! man ---- all are prais+4 #c4 ,john ---- is my coa*man is sick4 #d4 ,! intellig5ce ---- he display$ 0 rem>kable4 #e4 ,intellig5ce ---- he _h hi!rto n manife/$ n[ %[$ its pres5ce4 #f4 ,he ma9ta9s t ! book ---- y us$ is n[ ru9$4 7,does :i* or t h ! m pleas+ s\nd "h87 #g4 ,! pleasure ---- education gives ! man ---- has x is a suffici5t rew>d = ! tr\ble ---- x has co/4 #h4 ,t man ---- we>s a cap is a =eign]4 #i4 ,! be/ hotel is ! "o ---- is ne>e/ ! /ation4 #aj4 ,:o is x ---- is wor?y ( t honor8 #aa4 ,! c>riages & ! driv]s ---- y ord]$ ye/]day h arriv$4 #ab4 ---- ?+ is x ---- y want8 #ac4 ,he pur*as$ ---- he wi%$4 #ad4 ,!re is no cl\d ---- has n its silv] l9+4 #ae4 ,x is ! same dog ---- ,i b\ght4 #af4 ,! man & horse ---- y see pass "h e aft]noon4 #ag4 ---- did !y seek8 #ah4 ,!y inquir$ ---- he 0 go+ to d4 #ai4 ,:o 0 x ---- lo/ ! book8 #bj4 ,! man ---- 0 a ,fr5*man 0 v mu* excit$4 #ba4 ,x is nei!r ! p>ty nor its c&idate ---- ga9s support4 #bb4 ,t is a *>act]i/ic ---- makes him seem almo/ rude4 #bc4 ,x is ! same tool ---- ,i us$ all day4 #bd4 ,he is a man ---- inspires little confid5ce4 #be4 ---- does he expect ( u8 #bf4 ,x is j su* a ?+ ---- ,i ne$4 #bg4 ,!re are few ---- w vote = him4 #bh4 ,! wagon & *ildr5 ---- y j saw came f our t[n4 #bi4 ,he ---- writes out 8 lesson does all ---- c be expect$4 #cj4 ,0 x y or ! cat ---- made t noise8 #ca4 ,x is ! same song ---- he always s+s4 #cb4 ,su* ---- ,i h is y\rs4 #cc4 ,all ! m5 & horses ---- we _h 7 lo/4 #cd4 ,t is ---- pleas$ me mo/ & ---- ev]yone talk$ ab\t4 #ce4 ,! horse 0 "o ---- ,i _h nev] ridd5 be=e4 #cf4 ,t is ---- ev]yone said4 #bh4 ,,case ,,=ms ,,( ,,pron\ns4 ,"s p]sonal1 relative1 & int]rogative pron\ns h di/9ctive =ms = ! diff]5t cases1 & ! failure to use ! prop] case =ms 9 ! s5t5ce is "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t s\rces ( error4 ,! case to be us$ is to be det]m9$ by ! use :i* ! pron\n1 n its antec$5t1 has 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,i "n ,,him1 note t him is ! object ( ! v]b "n4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,,:om d y seek1 al?\gh com+ at ! fir/ ( ! s5t5ce1 :om is grammatically ! object ( ! v]b seek4 ,9 ! use ( pron\ns comes ! mo/ important ne$ = a k ( :5 to use ! diff]5t cases4 ,note ! foll[+ diff]5t case =ms ( pron\ns3 ,nom9ative3 ,i1 we1 y1 ?\1 ye1 he1 %e1 !y1 x1 :o4 ,objective3 me1 u1 y1 !e1 ye1 him1 h]1 x1 !m1 :om4 ,possessive3 my1 m9e1 our1 ours1 ?y1 ?9e1 y\r1 y\rs1 81 h]1 h]s1 its1 _!1 !irs1 ^:4 ,x w be not$ t1 :ile "s =ms are ! same 9 bo? ! nom9ative & objective cases1 ,i1 ,,we1 ,,he1 ,,%e1 ,,!y1 ,,?\1 ,,& ,,:o ,,are ,,only ,,prop] ,,:]e ,,! ,,nom9ative ,,case ,,%\ld ,,be ,,us$4 ,,me1 ,,u1 ,,him1 ,,!m1 ,,!e1 ,,:om1 ,,& ,,h]1 except :5 h] is possessive1 ,,are ,,only ,,prop] ,,:5 ,,! ,,objective ,,case ,,is ,,dem&$4 ,^! =ms mu/ be rememb]$4 ,x is only ) ^! pron\ns t mi/akes are made 9 ! use ( ! nom9ative & objective cases4 #bi4 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,outl9e ,,expla9s ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,case ,,=ms ,,( ,,! ,,pron\ns4 ,! outl9e %\ld be ma/]$4 ,,! ,,nom9ative ,,case ,,%\ld ,,be ,,us$3 #a4 ,:5 ! n\n or pron\n is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b2 t is1 a v]b o!r ?an an inf9itive4 ,see #c "u ,objective ,case4 #b4 ,:5 x is an attribute complem5t4 ,an attribute complem5t1 z expla9$ 9 ,*apt] ,i1 is a ^w us$ 9 ! pr$icate expla9+ or /at+ some?+ ab\t ! subject4 ,examples3 ,x is ,i1 ,! man 0 ,,he1 ,! p 7 ,,!y ( :om we spoke4 #c4 ,:5 x is us$ )\t relation to any o!r "p ( spee*1 z 9 direct address or exclamation4 ,,! ,,objective ,,case ,,%\ld ,,be ,,us$3 #a4 ,:5 ! n\n or pron\n is ! object ( a v]b2 z1 ,he nam$ ,,me1 ,%e deceiv$ ,,!m1 ,!y wat* ,,u4 #b4 ,:5 x is ! object ( a preposition1 express$ or und]/ood3 z1 ,he spoke ( ,,me1 ,= ,,:om d y take me1 ,he told 7to7 ,,me a /ory4 #c4 ,:5 x is ! subject ( an inf9itive2 z1 ,i told ,,him to g1 ,i desire ,,h] to hope4 ,! inf9itives are ! p>ts ( ! v]b prec$$ by to2 z1 to g1 to see1 to be1 to h be5 se51 etc4 ,! sign ( ! inf9itive1 to1 is n always express$4 ,! objective case is1 nev]!less1 us$2 z1 ,let ,,him 7to7 g1 ,h ,,h] 7to be7 told ab\t x4 #d4 ,:5 x is an attribute complem5t ( an express$ subject ( ! inf9itive to be2 z1 ,!y believ$ h] to be ,,me1 ,he d5i$ x to h be5 him4 7,see ,note #b bel[47 ,,! ,,possessive ,,case ,,%\ld ,,be ,,us$3 ,:5 ! ^w is us$ z a possessive modifi]2 z1 ,!y spoke ( ,,h] be+ pres5t1 ,! book is ,,8 7book71 ,x is ,,_! fault4 ,,note ,i4--,:5 a sub/antive is plac$ by ! side ( ano!r sub/antive & is us$ to expla9 x1 x is said to be 9 ,,apposition ) t o!r sub/antive & takes ! case ( t ^w2 z1 ,x 0 giv5 to ,john ,smi?1 ,,him :om y see !re4 ,,note #b4--,! attribute complem5t %\ld always h ! case ( t subject ( ! v]b :i* is express$ 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,?us1 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,i c\ld n wi% ,john to be ,,him1 him is prop]ly 9 ! objective case1 s9ce !re is an express$ subject ( ! inf9itive1 ,john1 :i* is 9 ! objective case4 ,b 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,i %\ld hate to be ,,he1 he is prop]ly 9 ! nom9ative case1 s9ce ! only subject t is express$ 9 ! s5t5ce is ,i1 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,,note #c4--,:]e ! relative pron\n :o 7:om7 is ! subject ( a clause t itself is ! object clause ( a v]b or a preposition1 x is always 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,?us ! foll[+ s5t5ces are bo? correct3 ,i deliv]$ x to ,,:o own$ x1 ,br+ home ,,:oev] w come ) y4 ,,ex]cise #aa ,write s5t5ces illu/rat+ ! correct use ( ea* ( ! foll[+ pron\ns3 ,i1 :om1 :o1 we1 me1 u1 !y1 ^:1 !irs1 !m1 %e1 him1 he1 its1 m9e1 our1 !e1 ?\4 ,,ex]cise #ab ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces *oose ! prop] =m f ! words 9 italics3 #a4 ,my bro!r & ,i me drove to ! ea/ end ( ! t[n4 #b4 ,betwe5 y & ,i me ?+s are d\btful4 #c4 ,may ,james & ,i me g to ! circus8 #d4 ,w y p]mit ,james & ,i me to g to ! play8 #e4 ,:o made t noise8 ,only ,i me4 #f4 ,he introduc$ u all1 ,i me among ! re/4 #g4 ,he promis$ to br+ c&y to ,hel5 & ,i me4 #h4 ,0 x ,i me t y ask$ =8 #i4 ,:o spoke8 ,i me4 #aj4 ,i am tak5 to be he him4 #aa4 ,no1 x c\ld n h be5 me ,i4 #ab4 ,all h gone b y & ,i me4 #ac4 ,y suff] m ?an me ,i4 #ad4 ,ev]yone has fail$ 9 ! exam9ation except y & ,i me4 #ae4 ,he ask$ y & ,i me to come to 8 (fice4 #af4 ,see if !re is any mail = ,m>y & me ,i4 #ag4 ,nei!r y nor ,i me c tea* ! class4 #ah4 ,!y ?9k x to be ,i me4 #ai4 ,?is is ! /ud5t :om :o all are prais+4 #bj4 ,! "o t is he him we>s a br[n hat4 #ba4 ,he is a man :o :om all admir$4 #bb4 ,he is "o ( ^? m5 :o :om we call snobs4 #bc4 ,i did n see t x 0 h] %e4 #bd4 ,x is 9 fact he him4 #be4 ,he /ill believes x to be !m !y4 #bf4 ,betwe5 y & ,i me1 x is my op9ion t him he & ,john w disagree4 #bg4 ,we saw ,john & %e h]2 we "k x 0 !m !y4 #bh4 ,i did n speak ( ei!r y or %e h]4 #bi4 ,our c\s9s & we u are go+ to ! ,art ,gall]y4 #cj4 ,aunt ,m>y has ask$ our c\s9s & u we to take d9n] at h] h\se4 #ca4 ,!y are m eag] ?an we u s9ce !y h n se5 h] = a long "t4 #cb4 ,x c\ld n h be5 we u :o :om y suspect$4 #cc4 ,we u boys are go+ to ! ball game4 #cd4 ,!y s5t lett]s to all :o :om !y ?\ght w\ld contribute4 #ce4 ,?is money 0 giv5 by ,john :o :om y "k is v /+y4 #cf4 ,! sup]9t5d5t1 :o :om1 ,i _c d\bt1 is responsible = ?is error1 mu/ be dis*>g$4 #cg4 ,! tea*] told y & ,i me to /ay4 #ch4 ,! tea*] told y & him he to /ay4 #ci4 ,! tea*] told y & %e h] to /ay4 #dj4 ,!re are _m miles betwe5 ,engl& & we u4 #da4 ,!y c't play ! game bett] ?an we u4 #db4 ,x is unpleasant = su* z !y !m to witness su* ?+s4 #dc4 ,betwe5 a tea*] & he him :o :om he tea*es !re is sometimes a /rong fell[%ip4 #dd4 ,y are ne>ly z /rong z him he4 #de4 ,all 7 pres5t b ,john & he him4 #df4 ,fa!r believ$ x 0 %e h]4 #dg4 ,"m knew x to be h] %e4 #dh4 ,x 0 ei!r he him or %e h] t call$4 #di4 ,because ( 8 him be+ "y1 !y tri$ to %ield him4 #ej4 ,x 0 he him :o :om ! manag] said ought to be promot$4 #ea4 ,! ?rone 0 held by a k+ :o :om hi/orians believe to h be5 insane4 #eb4 ,:o :om did he say ! man 08 #ec4 ,:o :om did he say ! judge suspect$8 #ed4 ,:o :om d y consid] to be ! brighte/ man8 #ee4 ,:o :om d y ?9k is ! brighte/ man8 #ef4 ,he _c le>n f su* z ?\ !e4 #eg4 ,if !y only rob su* z ?\ !e1 !y are hone/4 #eh4 ,:at do/ ?\ !e "k8 #ei4 ,!y d tell !e ?\ ! tru?4 #fj4 ,%e told ,john & me ,i to /udy4 #fa4 ,my fa!r all[$ my bro!r & h] %e to g4 #fb4 ,my bro!r & %e h] 7 all[$ to g by my fa!r4 #fc4 ,turn n away f him he t is ne$y4 #fd4 ,nei!r ,frances nor %e h] 0 at fault4 #fe4 ,! prop]ty goes to !y !m4 #ff4 ,he ?\ght x 0 h] %e1 b x 0 him he & ,william :o did x4 #fg4 ,x 0 ?r\gh %e h] t ^w came to me ,i4 #fh4 ,i ?\ght x 0 h] %e4 #fi4 ,i wi% y 7 m l he him4 #gj4 ,i ?\ght x to be %e h]4 #ga4 ,x seems to be he4 ,i %\ld hate to be he4 ,i %\ld l to be he or %e4 7,all ^! s5t5ces are 9 ! correct =m47 #gb4 ,he is a man 9 :om :o ,i h little fai?4 #gc4 ,y are z skillful z %e h]4 #gd4 ,we escort$ h] "m & h] %e to ! /ation4 #ge4 ,%e h] & ,i me are go+ on ! boat4 #gf4 ,if any are late x w n be u we4 #gg4 ,:o :om are y go+ to collect x f8 #gh4 ,:o :om d m5 say t he is8 #gi4 ,:o :om d y ?9k him he to be8 #hj4 ,!y !m & _! *ildr5 h gone abroad4 #ha4 ,x 0 n !y !m4 #hb4 ,:o :om am ,i said to be8 #hc4 ,i d n "k to :o :om to direct him4 #hd4 ,h[ c "o tell :o :om is at home n[8 #he4 ,:o :om is t =8 #hf4 ,*oose :o :om y please4 #hg4 ,d y ?9k ,i me to be h] %e :o :om y call ,kate8 #hh4 ,"s :o :om _! fri5ds expect$ 7 kept away4 #hi4 ,give x to :o :om seems to want x mo/4 #ij4 ,:o :om d y ?9k ,i saw !re8 #ia4 ,i hope x 0 %e h] :o :om we saw4 #ib4 ,x c\ld n h be5 him he4 #ic4 ,:o :om did y say did x8 #id4 ,let !m !y come at once4 #ie4 ,! man on :o :om ,i reli$ 0 abs5t4 #if4 ,i "k x 0 !y !m :o :om did x4 #ig4 ,w he let u we g8 #ih4 ,x came f !y !m :o :om %\ld n h s5t x4 #ii4 ,x 0 n u we f :o :om x came4 #ajj4 ,c x be %e h]8 #aja4 ,?\ !e art mi/ak54 #ajb4 ,let me tell !e ?\1 !e ?\ wilt d wrong4 #ajc4 ,s5d :o :om wants ! pass to me4 #ajd4 ,tell :o :om y *oose to come4 #aje4 ,is he ! man = :o :om ! city is nam$8 #ajf4 ,! book is = :o :om ne$s x4 #ajg4 ,i d n "k :o :om ! book is =4 #cj4 ,! ,,comp\nd ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns are =m$ by add+ self or selves to c]ta9 ( ! objective & possessive p]sonal pron\ns2 z1 h]self1 myself1 itself1 !mselves1 etc4 ,!y are us$ to add emphasis to an expression2 z1 ,i1 ,,myself1 did x1 ,he1 ,,himself1 said s4 ,!y are also us$ reflexively aft] v]bs & prepositions2 z1 ,he m5tion$ ,,himself1 ,he did x = ,,himself4 ,! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns %\ld g5]ally be conf9$ to _! emphatic & reflexive use4 ,d n say1 ,,myself & ,john w come1 b1 ,john & ,i w come4 ,d n say1 ,!y invit$ ,john & ,,myself1 b1 ,!y invit$ ,john & ,,me4 ,! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns h no possessive =ms2 b = ! sake ( emphasis own ) ! ord9>y possessive =m is us$2 z1 ,i h my ,,own book1 ,br+ y\r ,,own "w1 ,he has a home ( 8 ,,own4 #ca4 ,!re are no su* =ms z hisself1 y\r'n1 8'n1 h]'n1 !irself1 !irselves1 _!'n4 ,9 place ( ^! use simply 81 h]1 _!1 or y\r4 ,,ex]cise #ac ,write s5t5ces illu/rat+ ! correct use ( ! foll[+ simple & comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns3 ,myself1 me1 ,i1 !m1 !mselves1 him1 himself1 h]1 h]self1 itself1 our1 ourselves4 ,,ex]cise #ad ,*oose ! correct =m 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,punctuate prop]ly4 7,see #ajh73 #a4 ,y\rself y & ,john 7 m5tion$ #b4 ,%e told ,m>y & me myself to g ) h] h]self4 #c4 ,! book is = y y\rself & ,i me myself4 #d4 ,h5ry & ,i me myself are 9 ! same class4 #e4 ,he ?9ks y y\rself & ,i me myself %\ld br+ ! books4 #f4 ,our fri5ds & we u ourselves are go+ out to-night4 #g4 ,h]self %e & h] husb& h be5 sick4 #h4 ,!y !mselves & _! *ildr5 h gone abroad4 #i4 ,y play ! viol9 bett] ?an he himself4 #aj4 ,! ma*9e fail$ to "w well1 because x itself & ! eng9e 7 n prop]ly adju/$ to ea* o!r4 #aa4 ,let !m d x !irselves !mselves4 #ab4 ,he came by hisself himself4 #ac4 ,! tea*] hisself himself c\ld n h done bett]4 #ad4 ,i'll br+ my gun1 & y br+ y\r'n y\rs y\r own4 #ae4 ,t book is 8'n 84 ,,ex]cise #ae ,fill ! blanks 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces ) ! prop] emphatic or reflexive =ms4 ,punctuate prop]ly4 7,see #ajh73 #a4 ,he ---- said s4 #b4 ,i ---- w d x4 #c4 ,we ---- w look aft] h]4 #d4 ,t1 ,i tell y1 is ---- book4 #e4 ,x belongs to me ----4 #f4 ,^? books are my ----4 #g4 ,let !m ---- pay = x4 #h4 ,! horse is to be = ---- use4 #i4 ,! horse is to be = ! use ( ----4 #aj4 ,he said x to ----4 #aa4 ,he deceiv$ ----4 #ab4 ,i d n wi% ---- to be prom95t4 #cb4 ,! ,,comp\nd ,,relative ,,pron\ns are =m$ by add+ ev]1 s1 or soev] to ! relative pron\ns1 :o1 :i*1 & :at2 z1 :oev]1 :atev]1 :omev]1 :osoev]1 :oso1 :osoev]1 etc4 ,x w be not$ t :oev]1 :osoev]1 & :oso h objective =ms1 :omev]1 :omsoev]1 & :omso2 & possessive =ms1 :osoev]1 :osesoev]1 & :oseso4 ,^! =ms mu/ be us$ :5ev] ! objective or possessive case is dem&$4 ,?us1 "o %\ld say1 ,i w give x to ,,:omev] ,i f9d !re4 7,see #bi & ,note #c47 ,,ex]cise #af ,fill ! foll[+ blanks ) ! prop] =ms ( ! comp\nd relatives3 #a4 ,we w ref] ! "q to ---- y may "n4 #b4 ---- x may h be51 x 0 n he4 #c4 ,i %all receive pres5ts f ---- ,i wi%4 #d4 ,x 0 betwe5 him & ---- 0 ) him4 #e4 ---- !y may *oose1 ,i w n vote = him4 #f4 ,let !m "n ---- !y ?9k w w94 #g4 ,give x to ---- y ?9k ne$s x mo/4 #h4 ,he may take ---- he c>es to4 #i4 ,he w take ---- prop]ty he f9ds !re4 #aj4 ,he promis$ to ask ! "q ( ---- he f\nd !re4 #aa4 ---- c h done x8 #ab4 ---- else may be said1 t is n true4 #ac4 ,!re are ! two *airs2 y may take ---- y l4 #ad4 ---- y take w suit me4 #ae4 ,y may h ---- y wi%4 #af4 ---- is nom9at$1 w y vote = him8 #ag4 ---- !y nom9ate1 ,i w vote = him4 #ah4 ---- does t is a p>tizan4 #ai4 ---- c&idate is elect$1 ,i w be satisfi$4 #bj4 ,he may "n ---- he ?9ks be/4 #ba4 ---- he says is wor?y ( att5tion4 #bb4 ---- %e takes aft]1 %e is hone/4 #bc4 ---- foll[s him w be sorry4 #bd4 ---- he may be1 he is no g5tleman4 #be4 ---- !y d is prais$4 #cc4 ,!re are c]ta9 words1 call$ ,,adjective ,,pron\ns1 :i* are reg>d$ z pron\ns1 because1 al?\gh !y are prop]ly adjective 9 _! mean+1 ! n\ns :i* !y modify are nev] express$2 z1 ,"o 7!re is a possessive =m1 "o's1 & a plural =m1 ones71 none1 ?is1 t1 ^!1 ^?1 o!r1 =m]1 "s1 few1 _m1 etc4 #cd4 ,,"s ,,miscellane\s ,,cautions ,,9 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,pron\ns3 #a4 ,! pron\n ,i %\ld always be capitaliz$1 & %\ld1 :5 us$ z "p ( a comp\nd subject1 be plac$ second2 z1 ,james & ,i 7 pres5t1 n ,i & ,james 7 pres5t4 #b4 ,d n use ! common & grave =ms ( ! p]sonal pron\ns 9 ! same s5t5ce2 z1 ,,?\ wilt d ?is :e!r ,,y wi% or n4 #c4 ,avoid ! use ( p]sonal pron\ns :]e !y are unnecess>y2 z1 ,john1 ,,he did x1 or ,m>y1 ,,%e said4 ,?is is a frequ5t error 9 spee*4 #d4 ,let ! antec$5t ( ea* pron\n be cle>ly app>5t4 ,note ! unc]ta9ty 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce2 ,he s5t a box ( *eese1 & ,,x 0 made ( wood4 ,! antec$5t ( x is n cle>4 ,aga91 ,a man told 8 son to take ,,8 coat home4 ,! antec$5t ( 8 is v unc]ta94 ,su* errors are frequ5t4 ,9 relative clauses ?is error may sometimes be avoid$ by plac+ ! relative clause z ne> z possible to ! n\n x limits4 ,note ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 ,a cat 0 f\nd 9 ! ,,y>d ,,:i* wore a blue ribbon4 ,! grammatical inf]5ce w\ld be t ! y>d wore ! blue ribbon4 ,! s5t5ce might be *ang$ to1 ,a ,,cat1 ,,:i* wore a blue ribbon1 0 f\nd 9 ! y>d4 #e4 ,relative clauses ref]r+ to ! same ?+ require ! same relative pron\n to introduce !m2 z1 ,! book ,,t we f\nd & ! book ,,t he lo/ are ! same4 #f4 ,use b t :5 ,,b is a conjunction & t introduces a n\n clause2 z1 ,!re is no d\bt ,,b ,,t he w g4 ,use b :at :5 b is a preposition 9 ! s5se ( except2 z1 ,he has no money b 7except7 ,,:at ,i gave him4 #g4 ,!m is a pron\n & %\ld nev] be us$ z an adjective4 ,^? is ! adjective :i* %\ld be us$ 9 its place2 z1 ,^? p1 n1 ,!m p4 #h4 ,avoid us+ y & !y indef9itely2 z1 ,,y seldom he> ( su* ?+s1 ,,!y make *airs !re4 ,in/ead1 say1 ,,"o seldom he>s ( su* ?+s1 ,*airs are made !re4 #i4 ,:i* %\ld n be us$ ) a clause or phrase z its antec$5t4 ,bo? ! foll[+ s5t5ces are wrong3 ,he s5t me to see ,john1 ,,:i* ,i did4 ,_! :isp]+ became v l\d1 :i* annoy$ ! prea*]4 #aj4 ,nev] use an apo/rophe ) ! possessive pron\ns1 its1 y\rs1 !irs1 ours & h]s4 ,,ex]cise #ag ,correct ! foll[+ s5t5ces s t !y d n violate ! cautions above /at$3 #a4 ,h[ c y say t :5 ?\ kn[e/ bett]8 #b4 ,may ,i & ,m>y g to ! conc]t8 #c4 ,he ask$ me to write to him1 :i* ,i did4 #d4 ,grant ?\ to u y\r bless+4 #e4 ,! tra9 x 0 tw5ty m9utes late4 #f4 ,"m %e said ,i might g4 #g4 ,m>y told h] "m %e 0 mi/ak54 #h4 ,! man _c leave 8 fri5d1 = if he %\ld leave him he w\ld be angry4 #i4 ,s>ah ask$ h] aunt h[ old %e 04 #aj4 ,t is ! man :om we nam$ & t did x4 #aa4 ,mr4 ,jones w5t to ,mr4 ,smi? & told him t 8 dog 0 lo/4 #ab4 ,?is is ! book t we f\nd & :i* he lo/4 #ac4 ,%e told h] si/] t if %e c\ld n get to ! city1 %e ?\ght %e _h bett] g home4 #ad4 ,jack _c see ,h5ry because he is s %ort4 #ae4 ,!n ,jack & ,george1 !y w5t home4 #af4 ,br+ !m books "h4 #ag4 ,!m are all wrong4 #ah4 ,!re are no m5 9 ! room b t c be b\ght4 #ai4 ,i h no d\bt b :at x 0 done4 #bj4 ,!m !re %\ld be correct$4 #ba4 ,i h fai? 9 ev]y?+ b t he says4 #bb4 ,i h no fe>s b :at x c be done4 #bc4 ,napoleon1 he ?rew 8 armies across ! ,rh9e4 #bd4 ,?\ kn[e/ n :at y are do+4 #be4 ,x 0 ?\ght advisable to exile ,napoleon1 :i* 0 done4 #bf4 ,a grapev9e _h gr[n along ! f5ce :i* 0 full ( grapes4 #bg4 ,keep !m p out ( "h4 #bh4 ,! two c>s conta9$ horses t 7 pa9t$ yell[4 #bi4 ,%e is a girl :o is always smil+ & t all l4 #cj4 ,y nev] c tell ab\t =eign]s4 #ca4 ,!y say t is n true4 #cb4 ,! cab9 ne$$ to be swept1 :i* we did4 #cc4 ,!y use ^? me?ods 9 "s s*ools4 #cd4 ,x is ! h\se t is on ! corn] & :i* is pa9t$ :ite4 #ce4 ,y c easily le>n hi/ory if y h a good memory4 #cf4 ,h[ c y tell b :at x w ra98 #cg4 ,he does ev]y?+ b :at he %\ld d4 #ch4 ,he has ev]y?+ b t he ne$s4 #ci4 ,x 0 a collie dog :i* we _h & t 0 /ol54 #dj4 ,aunt1 %e said t %e didn't "k b :at %e w\ld g4 #da4 ,tell ,i & ,john ab\t x4 #db4 ,he w5t to 8 fa!r & told him he _h s9n$4 #dc4 ,do/ ?\ "k :at y doe/8 #dd4 ,x's appe>ance 0 deceitful4 #de4 ,! *air 0 also _!'s4 #df4 ,!re is a slight diff]5ce betwe5 m9e & y\r's4 #dg4 ,:i* ( ! two is h]'s8 #dh4 ,!y are bo? our's4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,adjectives ,,& ,,adv]bs #ce4 ,an ,,adjective is a ^w us$ to modify a n\n or a pron\n4 ,an ,,adv]b is a ^w us$ to modify a v]b1 an adjective1 or ano!r adv]b4 ,adjectives & adv]bs are v closely relat$ 9 bo? _! =ms & _! use4 #cf4 ,,comp>ison4 ,! v>iation ( adjectives & adv]bs to indicate ! degree ( modification !y express is call$ ,,comp>ison4 ,!re are ?ree degrees ( comp>ison4 ,! ,,positive ,,degree indicates ! m]e possession ( a quality2 z1 true1 good1 sweet1 fa/1 lovely4 ,! ,,comp>ative ,,degree indicates a /rong] degree ( ! quality ?an ! positive2 z1 tru]1 sweet]1 bett]1 fa/]1 loveli]4 ,! ,,sup]lative ,,degree indicates ! highe/ degree ( quality2 z1 true/1 sweete/1 be/1 fa/e/1 lovelie/4 ,:]e ! adjectives & adv]bs are comp>$ by inflection !y are said to be comp>$ regul>ly4 ,9 regul> comp>ison ! comp>ative is =m$ by add+ er1 & ! sup]lative by add+ e/4 ,if ! ^w ends 9 y1 ! y is *ang$ to i be=e add+ ! end+2 z1 pretty1 pretti]1 prettie/4 ,:]e ! adjectives & adv]bs h two or m syllables1 mo/ ( !m are comp>$ by ! use ( ! adv]bs m & mo/1 or1 if ! comp>ison be a desc5d+ "o1 by ! use ( less & lea/2 z1 beautiful1 m beautiful1 mo/ beautiful1 & less beautiful1 lea/ beautiful4 #cg4 ,"s adjectives & adv]bs are comp>$ by *ang+ to entirely diff]5t words 9 ! comp>ative & sup]lative4 ,note ! foll[+3 ,,positive ,,comp>ative ,,sup]lative bad1 ill1 evil1 badly worse wor/ f> f>!r1 fur!r f>!/1 fur!/ =? fur!r fur!/ =e =m] =emo/1 fir/ good1 well bett] be/ h9d h9d] h9dmo/ late lat]1 latt] late/1 la/ little less lea/ mu*1 _m m mo/ old old]1 eld] olde/1 elde/ ,,note4--,badly & =? may be us$ only z adv]bs4 ,well is usually an adv]b2 z1 ,he talks well1 b may be us$ z an adjective2 z1 ,he seems well4 #ch4 ,,confusion ,,( ,,adjectives ,,& ,,adv]bs4 ,an adjective is (t5 us$ :]e an adv]b is requir$1 & vice v]sa4 ,! s5t5ce1 ,%e talks ,,fooli%1 is wrong1 because "h ! ^w to be modifi$ is talks1 & s9ce talks is a v]b1 ! adv]b fooli%ly %\ld be us$4 ,! s5t5ce1 ,%e looks ,,*>m+ly1 means1 z x /&s1 t h] mann] ( look+ at a ?+ is *>m+4 ,:at is int5d$ to be said is t %e appe>s z if %e 0 a *>m+ woman4 ,to convey t mean+1 ! adjective1 *>m+1 %\ld h be5 us$1 & ! s5t5ce %\ld read1 ,%e looks *>m+4 ,:]ev] ! ^w modifies a v]b or an adjective or ano!r adv]b1 an adv]b %\ld be us$1 & :]ev] ! ^w1 :atev] its location 9 ! s5t5ce1 modifies a n\n or pron\n1 an adjective %\ld be us$4 #ci4 ,! adjective & ! adv]b are sometimes alike 9 =m4 ,?us1 bo? ! foll[+ s5t5ces are correct3 ,he works ,,h>d 7adv]b71 & ,8 "w is ,,h>d 7adjective74 ,b1 usually1 :]e ! adjective & ! adv]b correspond at all1 ! adv]b has ! additional end+ ly2 z1 ,! track is ,,smoo?1 7adjective71 & ,! tra9 runs ,,smoo?ly1 7adv]b74 ,,ex]cise #ah ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces *oose f ! italiciz$ words ! prop] ^w to be us$3 #a4 ,! sunset looks beautiful beautifully4 #b4 ,! man act$ /range /rangely4 #c4 ,write c>eful c>efully & speak di/9ct di/9ctly4 #d4 ,speak sl[ sl[ly4 #e4 ,he act$ bad badly4 #f4 ,he behav$ v prop] prop]ly4 #g4 ,! boat runs smoo? smoo?ly4 #h4 ,he is a rem>kable rem>kably poor writ]4 #i4 ,i am 9 extremely extreme good heal?4 #aj4 ,! typewrit] works good well4 #aa4 ,! bird w>bles sweet sweetly4 #ab4 ,he 0 t]rible t]ribly angry4 #ac4 ,he 0 9 a t]rible t]ribly dang]\s place4 #ad4 ,he talks pla9] m pla9ly ?an he ev] did be=e4 #ae4 ,! dead ,roman look$ fi]ce fi]cely4 #af4 ,! fire burns brilliant brilliantly4 #ag4 ,y are exce$+ exce$+ly g5]\s4 #ah4 ,he /ruggl$ manful manfully aga9/ ! opposition4 #ai4 ,my heal? is poor poorly4 #bj4 ,he is sure surely a f9e fell[4 #ba4 ,h ev]y?+ suitable suitably decorat$4 #bb4 ,t c be done easy easily4 #bc4 ,i c speak easi] m easily ?an ,i c write4 #bd4 ,! music ( ! or*e/ra 0 decid$ decid$ly poor4 #be4 ,%e is a rem>kable rem>kably beautiful girl4 #bf4 ,! w9d ro>$ awful awfully4 #bg4 ,! ro> ( ! w9d 0 awful awfully4 #bh4 ,i h /udi$ gramm> previ\s previ\sly to ?is ye>4 #bi4 ,i didn't /udy because ,i felt too bad badly to read4 #cj4 ,! roses smell sweetly sweet4 #ca4 ,!y felt v bad badly at be+ beat54 #cb4 ,t viol9 s\nds diff]5t diff]5tly f ?is "o4 #cc4 ,! soldi]s f\ght gallant gallantly4 #cd4 ,%e looks sweet sweetly 9 t dress4 #ce4 ,i c we> ?is coat easy easily4 #cf4 ,speak g5tle g5tly to him4 #cg4 ,he talks w>m w>mly on t subject4 #ch4 ,he works well good & /eady /eadily4 #ci4 ,he /ood ?\ghtful ?\ghtfully = a mom5t & !n w5t quiet quietly to 8 t5t4 #dj4 ,he walk$ d[n ! /reet sl[ sl[ly1 b all ! "t look$ eag] eag]ly ab\t him4 #da4 ,! music s\nds l\d l\dly4 #db4 ,t co9 r+s true truly4 #dc4 ,he look$ angry angrily at 8 class4 #dd4 ,he mov$ sil5t sil5tly ab\t 9 ! cr[d4 #de4 ,8 coat fits nice nicely4 #df4 ,t is easy easily to d4 #dg4 ,he w5t ov] ! "w v ?or\gh ?or\ghly4 ,,ex]cise #ai ,! adjectives & adv]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces are correctly us$4 ,9 e case %[ :at !y modify3 #a4 ,! wat] lay smoo? 9 ! lake4 #b4 ,%e look$ cold4 #c4 ,! tra9 runs smoo?ly n[4 #d4 ,! sun %one bright at ! horizon4 #e4 ,! sun %one brightly all day4 #f4 ,%e looks coldly ab\t h]4 #g4 ,be c>eful 9 y\r /udy ( ^! s5t5ces4 #h4 ,/udy ^! s5t5ces c>efully4 #i4 ,we f\nd ! way easy4 #aj4 ,we f\nd ! way easily4 #aa4 ,he look$ good4 #ab4 ,he look$ well4 #ac4 ,we arriv$ safe4 #ad4 ,we arriv$ safely4 #ae4 ,speak g5tly4 #af4 ,let y\r spee* be g5tle4 ,,ex]cise #bj ,write s5t5ces conta9+ ! foll[+ words correctly us$3 ,?\ghtful1 ?\ghtfully1 ma/]ful1 ma/]fully1 h>d1 h>dly1 cool1 coolly1 rapid1 rapidly1 unga9ly1 c>eful1 c>efully1 eag]1 eag]ly1 sweet1 sweetly1 graci\s1 graci\sly4 #dj4 ,,improp] ,,=ms ,,( ,,adjectives4 ,! wrong =ms 9 ! foll[+ li/ ( adjectives are frequ5tly us$ 9 place ( ! "r =ms3 ,,"r ,,wrong ev]y:]e ev]y:]es n ne>ly n[h]e ne> n at all n mu* or n mu*ly ill illy fir/ fir/ly ?us ?usly mu* mu*ly unkn[n unbekn[n complexion$ complect$ ,,ex]cise #ba ,correct ! errors 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,%e goes ev]y:]es4 #b4 ,h]s is ! mo/ illy behav$ *ild ,i "k4 #c4 ,n mu*ly w ,i g4 #d4 ,use ! less] quantity fir/4 #e4 ,he is n[h]e ne> s bright z ,john4 #f4 ,y d ! problem ?usly4 #g4 ,! causes are fir/ly1 ignorance1 & second1 lack ( en]gy4 #h4 ,!y came unbekn[n to me4 #i4 ,he is a d>k complect$ man4 #aj4 ,x all happ5$ unbekn[n/ to !m4 #aa4 ,8 vote 0 n[h]e ne> s l>ge z usual4 #da4 ,,errors ,,9 ,,comp>ison are frequ5tly made4 ,obs]ve c>efully ! foll[+ rules3 #a4 ,! sup]lative %\ld n be us$ 9 comp>+ only two ?+s4 ,"o %\ld say1 ,he is ! ,,l>g] ( ! two1 n ,he is ! ,,l>ge/ ( ! two4 ,b1 ,he is ! l>ge/ ( ! ?ree1 is "r4 #b4 ,a comp>ison %\ld n be attempt$ by adjectives t express absolute quality--adjectives t _c be comp>$2 z1 r\nd1 p]fect1 equally1 univ]sal4 ,a ?+ may be r\nd or p]fect1 b x _c be m r\nd or mo/ r\nd1 m p]fect or mo/ p]fect4 #c4 ,:5 two objects are us$ 9 ! comp>ative1 "o mu/ n be includ$ 9 ! o!r2 b1 :5 two objects are us$ 9 ! sup]lative1 "o mu/ be includ$ 9 ! o!r4 ,x is wrong to say1 ,! discov]y ( ,am]ica 0 ,,m ,,important ,,?an ,,any geographical discov]y1 = t is say+ t ! discov]y ( ,am]ica 0 m important ?an itself--an absurdity4 ,b x w\ld be "r to say1 ,! discov]y ( ,am]ica 0 m important ,,?an ,,any ,,o!r geographical discov]y4 ,"o %\ld n say1 ,he is ! mo/ hone/ ,,( ,,8 fell[-workm51 = he is n "o ( 8 fell[-workm54 ,"o %\ld say1 ,he is m hone/ ,,?an ,,any ( 8 fell[-workm51 or1 ,he is ! mo/ hone/ ,,( ,,all ! workm54 ,to say1 ,?is ma*9e is ,,bett] ,,?an ,,any ma*9e1 is incorrect1 b to say1 ,?is ma*9e is bett] ,,?an ,,any ,,o!r ma*9e1 is correct4 ,to say1 ,?is ma*9e is ! ,,be/ ,,( ,,any ma*9e 7or any o!r ma*9e71 is wrong1 because all ma*9es are meant1 n "o ma*9e or "s ma*9es4 ,to say1 ,?is ma*9e is ! ,,be/ ,,( ma*9es 7or ! be/ ( all ma*9es71 is correct4 ,note ! foll[+ rules 9 reg>d to ! use ( o!r 9 comp>isons3 a4 ,aft] comp>atives foll[$ by ?an ! words any & all %\ld be foll[$ by o!r4 b4 ,aft] sup]latives foll[$ by (1 any & o!r %\ld n be us$4 #d4 ,avoid mix$ comp>isons4 ,john is z good1 if n bett] ?an %e4 ,if ! clause1 if n bett]1 7 left out1 ?is s5t5ce w\ld read1 ,john is z good ?an %e4 ,x c\ld be correct$ to read1 ,john is z good ,,z1 if n bett] ?an %e4 ,simil>ly1 x is wrong to say1 ,he is "o ( ! greate/1 if n ! greate/1 man 9 hi/ory4 ,,ex]cise #bb ,*oose ! correct ^w f ^? italiciz$3 #a4 ,! old] olde/ ( ! ?ree boys 0 sick4 #b4 ,( ,smi? & ,jones1 ,smi? is ! weal?ie/ weal?i]4 #c4 ,( two burd5s *oose ! less lea/4 #d4 ,:i* c run ! fa/e/ fa/]1 ,john or ,h5ry8 #e4 ,( ! two m51 ,smi? & ,jones1 ! fir/ =m] is ! bett] be/ kn[n4 #f4 ,:i* is ! l>g] l>ge/ ( ! two8 #g4 ,:i* is ! be/ bett] ( ! six8 #h4 ,:i* is ! l>g] l>ge/ numb]1 six or sev5 #i4 ,:i* is ! m mo/ desirable1 heal? or weal?8 #aj4 ,my "m is ! olde/ old] ( f\r si/]s4 #aa4 ,! pretti] prettie/ ( ! tw9s is ! bright] brighte/4 #ab4 ,?is is ! dull] dulle/ season ( ! ye>4 #ac4 ,! o!r is ! worse wor/ behav$ ( ! two4 #ad4 ,:i* 0 ! hott] hotte/1 ye/]day or to-day8 #ae4 ,t is ! clean] cleane/ ( ! ?ree /reets4 ,,ex]cise #bc ,correct any ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces t may be wrong4 ,give a valid reason = ea* correction3 #a4 ,he 0 ! mo/ active ( all 8 fri5ds4 #b4 ,he is ! brighte/ ( all 8 bro!rs4 #c4 ,( all ! o!r ,am]ican ,colleges1 ?is is ! l>ge/4 #d4 ,philadelphia is l>g] ?an any city 9 ,p5nsylvania4 #e4 ,philadelphia is ! l>ge/ ( all o!r cities 9 ,p5nsylvania4 #f4 ,no city 9 ,p5nsylvania is s l>ge z ,philadelphia4 #g4 ,t !ory is m univ]sally adopt$4 #h4 ,he 01 ( all o!rs1 ! mo/ clev]4 #i4 ,?is apple is m p]fect ?an t4 #aj4 ,no fruit is s good z ! orange4 #aa4 ,! orange is bett] ?an any fruit4 #ab4 ,( all o!r fruits ! orange is ! be/4 #ac4 ,! orange is ! be/ ( all ! fruits4 #ad4 ,! orange is bett] ?an any o!r fruit4 #ae4 ,t is ! mo/ pr9cipal ?+ 9 ! lesson4 #af4 ,:i* has be5 ( mo/ importance1 /eam or electricity8 #ag4 ,he 0 m active ?an any o!r ( 8 companions4 #ah4 ,?is apple is r\nd] ?an t4 #ai4 ,?is apple is m ne>ly r\nd ?an t4 #bj4 ,p>is is ! mo/ fam\s ( any o!r ,european city4 #ba4 ,p5nsylvania is ! weal?ie/ ( h] si/] /ates4 #bb4 ,no /ate is s weal?y z ,p5nsylvania4 #bc4 ,p5nsylvania is ! weal?ie/ ( any ( ! ,/ates4 #bd4 ,p5nsylvania is weal?i] ?an any ( h] o!r si/] /ates4 #be4 ,new ,york is "o ( ! l>ge/1 if n ! l>ge/ city 9 ! _w4 #bf4 ,t book is z good if n bett] ?an m9e4 #bg4 ,john is tall] ?an any o!r boy 9 8 classes4 #bh4 ,john is tall] ?an any boy 9 8 class4 #bi4 ,iron is ! mo/ useful ( all o!r metals4 #cj4 ,iron is ! m useful ( ! metals4 #ca4 ,iron is ! mo/ useful ( ! metals4 #cb4 ,( iron & lead1 lead is ! heavie/4 #cc4 ,iron is among ! mo/ useful1 if n ! mo/ useful metal4 #cd4 ,he is among ! olde/ if n ! olde/ ( ! m5 9 ! ,s5ate4 #ce4 ,t picture is m beautiful ?an all ! pictures4 #db4 ,,s+ul> ,,& ,,plural ,,adjectives4 ,"s adjectives c be us$ only ) s+ul> n\ns & "s only ) plural n\ns4 ,su* adjectives z "o1 ea*1 e1 etc41 c be us$ only ) s+ul> n\ns4 ,su* adjectives z sev]al1 v>i\s1 _m1 sundry1 two1 etc41 c be us$ only ) plural n\ns4 ,9 _m cases1 ! n\n :i* ! adjective modifies is omitt$1 & ! adjective ?us acquires ! =ce ( a pron\n2 z1 ,,few are se51 ,,sev]al h come4 ,! adjective pron\ns ?is & t h plural =ms1 ^! & ^?4 ,! plurals mu/ be us$ ) plural n\ns4 ,to say ^? k9d is !n incorrect4 ,x %\ld be ^? k9ds4 ,^? sort ( m5 %\ld be t sort ( m5 or ^? sorts ( m54 #dc4 ,,ei!r ,,& ,,nei!r are us$ to designate "o ( two objects only4 ,if m ?an two are ref]r$ to1 use any1 none1 any "o1 no "o4 ,note ! foll[+ correct s5t5ces3 ,,nei!r ,john nor ,h5ry may g4 ,,any ,,"o ( ! ?ree boys may g4 #dd4 ,,ea* ,,o!r %\ld be us$ :5 ref]r+ to two2 ,,"o ,,ano!r :5 ref]r+ to m ?an two4 ,note ! foll[+ correct s5t5ces3 ,! two bro!rs love ,,ea* ,,o!r4 ,! f\r bro!rs love ,,"o ,,ano!r4 ,,ex]cise #bd ,correct su* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces z are incorrect4 ,be able to give reasons3 #a4 ,he is six foot tall4 #b4 ,i l ^? k9d ( fruit4 #c4 ,he lo/ sev]al p\nd4 #d4 ,i h n se5 him ?is tw5ty ye>4 #e4 ,h y he>d ^! news8 #f4 ,are !y ^? k9d ( p8 #g4 ,he rode t5 mile4 #h4 ,!re 7 fifte5 c>-load ( p4 #i4 ,^! k9d ( books are int]e/+4 #aj4 ,sev]al ph5om5on m>k$ 8 "*4 #aa4 ,!re are a few crisis 9 e man's c>e]4 #ab4 ,ea* /rata ( ! rock lies at an angle4 #ac4 ,! poem has six v]se 9 x4 #ad4 ,ei!r ( ! five w d4 #ae4 ,little *ildr5 %\ld love ea* o!r4 #af4 ,nei!r ( ! l>ge cities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is s l>ge z ,london4 #ag4 ,y w be able to f9d x 9 ei!r "o ( ^? ?ree books4 #ah4 ,^? two bro!rs treat "o ano!r v coldly4 #ai4 ,nei!r ( ! _m newspap]s publi%$ an acc\nt ( x4 #bj4 ,ei!r law or m$ic9e is 8 pr(ession4 #ba4 ,"s t5 box ( %oes 7 on ! tra94 #bb4 ,^? two /atem5ts contradict "o ano!r4 #bc4 ,! ,sah>a ,des]t has sev]al oasis4 #bd4 ,h[ c he associate ) ^? sort ( m58 #de4 ,,plac+ ,,( ,,adv]bs ,,& ,,adjectives4 ,9 ! plac+ ( adjective elem5ts & adv]bial elem5ts 9 ! s5t5ce1 "o %\ld s arrange !m z to leave no d\bt z to :at !y are int5d$ to modify4 ,wrong3 ,a man 0 rid+ on a horse we>+ gray tr\s]s4 ,"r3 ,a man we>+ gray tr\s]s 0 rid+ on a horse4 ,! adv]b only requires especial att5tion4 ,g5]ally only %\ld come be=e ! ^w x is int5d$ to modify4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ correct s5t5ces1 & note ! diff]5ces 9 mean+4 ,only he f\nd ! book4 ,he only f\nd ! book4 ,he f\nd only ! book4 ,he f\nd ! book only4 ,! plac+ ( ! words1 almo/1 ev]1 h>dly1 sc>cely1 m]ely1 & q1 also requires c>e & ?\ght4 ,,ex]cise #be ,correct ! errors 9 ! location ( adjectives & adv]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,i only paid five doll>s4 #b4 ,i h only done six problems4 #c4 ,! clo?+ bus9ess is only pr(itable 9 l>ge t[ns4 #d4 ,! s*ool is only op5 9 ! ev5+4 #e4 ,i only ne$ t5 m9utes 9 :i* to d x4 #f4 ,he _h almo/ climb$ to ! top :5 ! ladd] broke4 #g4 ,i nev] expect to see ! l aga94 #h4 ,a black base-ball play]'s suit 0 f\nd4 #i4 ,d y ev] rememb] to h se5 ! man be=e8 #aj4 ,! build+ 0 trimm$ ) granite c>v$ corn]s4 #aa4 ,p ceas$ to wond] gradually4 #ab4 ,! capta9 only escap$ by hid+ 9 a dit*4 #ac4 ,i nev] wi% to ?9k ( x aga94 #ad4 ,on ! trip 9 t direction he almo/ w5t to ,philadelphia4 #ae4 ,acetyl5e lamps are only us$ n[ 9 ! c\ntry4 #af4 ,he only spoke ( hi/ory1 n ( art4 #ag4 ,i "k h>dly :at to say4 #ah4 ,i 0 m]ely talk+ ( gramm>1 n ( ,engli% lit]ature4 #ai4 ,! girls 7 ne>ly dress$ 9 ! same color4 #bj4 ,he m]ely want$ to see y4 #df4 ,,d\ble ,,negatives4 ,i am "h is call$ an affirmative /atem5t4 ,a d5ial ( t1 ,i am n "h1 is call$ a negative /atem5t4 ,! words1 n1 nei!r1 nev]1 none1 no?+1 etc41 are all negative words2 t is1 !y s]ve to make d5ials ( /atem5ts4 ,two negatives %\ld nev] be us$ 9 ! same s5t5ce1 s9ce ! effect is !n to d5y ! negative y wi% to ass]t1 & an affirmative is made :]e a negative is int5d$4 ,we hav5't no books1 means t we h "s books4 ,! prop] negative =m w\ld be1 ,we h no books1 or ,we hav5't any books4 ,! mi/ake occurs usually :]e su* =ms z isn't1 don't1 hav5't1 etc41 are us$4 ,exam9e ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 ,wrong3 ,x isn't no use4 ,wrong3 ,!re don't none ( !m believe x4 ,wrong3 ,we didn't d no?+4 ,h>dly1 sc>cely1 only1 & b 79 ! s5se ( only7 are (t5 incorrectly us$ ) a negative4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ "r & wrong =ms3 ,wrong3 ,x 0 s d>k t we c\ldn't h>dly see4 ,"r3 ,x 0 s d>k t we c\ld h>dly see4 ,wrong3 ,!re wasn't only "o p]son pres5t4 ,"r3 ,!re 0 only "o p]son pres5t4 ,,ex]cise #bf ,correct ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,i c't f9d x n[h]e4 #b4 ,= a "t ,i c\ldn't sc>cely tell :]e ,i 04 #c4 ,!y are n all[$ to g only on holidays4 #d4 ,!re isn't b "o p]son t c make ! spee*4 #e4 ,!y didn't f9d no treasure4 #f4 ,x won't take b a few m9utes to read x all4 #g4 ,i hav5't se5 b two m5 !re4 #h4 ,!re isn't no "o "h :o kn[s x4 #i4 ,i didn't see no fire2 my op9ion is t !re wasn't no fire4 #aj4 ,i c't h>dly prove t /atem5t4 #aa4 ,i didn't feel h>dly able to g4 #ab4 ,%e c\ldn't /ay only a week4 #ac4 ,i hadn't sc>cely rea*$ %elt] :5 ! /orm began4 #ad4 ,y w\ldn't sc>cely believe t x c\ld be done4 #ae4 ,he said t he w\ldn't br+ only 8 wife4 #af4 ,!re isn't no?+ 9 ! /ory4 #ag4 ,he doesn't d no?+4 #ah4 ,i c't ?9k ( no?+ b t4 #ai4 ,he c't h>dly mean t4 #bj4 ,he isn't n[h]e ne> s bright z ,i4 #ba4 ,he c't h>dly come to-night4 #bb4 ,x is bett] to n ?9k no?+ ab\t x4 #bc4 ,%e c't only d t4 #bd4 ,!re isn't no use ( 8 object+ to x4 #be4 ,!re %an't none ( !m g along ) u4 #bf4 ,don't nev] d t aga94 #bg4 ,we c\ld n f9d b ?ree specim5s ( ! plant4 #bh4 ,he wasn't sc>cely able to walk4 #bi4 ,he hasn't none ( 8 "w prep>$4 #dg4 ,,! ,,articles4 ,a1 an1 & !1 are call$ ,articles4 ,a & an are call$ ! ,,indef9ite ,,articles1 because !y are us$ to limit ! n\n to any "o ?+ ( a class2 z1 a book1 a *air4 ,b a or an is n us$ to d5ote ! :ole ( t class2 z1 ,sil5ce is gold51 or1 ,he 0 elect$ to ! (fice ( ,presid5t4 ,! is call$ ! ,,def9ite ,,article because x picks out "s "o def9ite individual f a class4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,on ! /reet are ,a brick & ,a /one h\se1 ! article is repeat$ be=e ea* adjective2 ! effect ( ?is repetition is to make ! s5t5ce mean two h\ses4 ,b1 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,on ! /reet is ,a brick & /one h\se1 s9ce ! article is us$ only be=e ! fir/ ( ! two adjectives1 ! s5t5ce means t !re is only "o h\se & t x is con/ruct$ ( brick & /one4 ,:]e two n\ns ref] to ! same object1 ! article ne$ appe> only be=e ! fir/ ( ! two2 z1 ,god1 ! au?or & creator ( ! univ]se4 ,b :]e ! n\ns ref] to two diff]5t objects1 reg>d$ z di/9ct f ea* o!r1 ! article %\ld appe> be=e ea*2 z1 ,he b\ght a horse & a c[4 ,a is us$ be=e all words except ^? beg9n+ ) a v[el s\nd4 ,be=e ^? beg9n+ ) a v[el s\nd an is us$4 ,if1 9 a succession ( words1 "o ( ^! =ms c\ld n be us$ be=e all ( ! words1 !n ! article mu/ be repeat$ be=e ea*4 ,?us1 "o %\ld say1 ,,an ax1 ,a saw1 & ,,an adze 7n ,an ax1 saw & adze71 made up 8 outfit4 ,g5]ally x is bett] to repeat ! article 9 ea* case1 :e!r or n x be ! same4 ,d n say1 k9d ( ,a ,,h\se4 ,s9ce a h\se is s+ul>1 x c h b "o k9d4 ,say in/ead1 a k9d ( h\se1 a sort ( man1 etc4 ,,ex]cise #bg ,correct ! foll[+ :]e y ?9k correction is ne$$3 #a4 ,:]e did y get t k9d ( a notion8 #b4 ,%e is an eag] & an ambiti\s girl4 #c4 ,he receiv$ ! degree ( a ,ma/] ( ,arts4 #d4 ,! boy & girl came ye/]day4 #e4 ,nei!r ! man nor woman 0 "h4 #f4 ,he 0 accompani$ by a l>ge & small man4 #g4 ,he plant$ an oak1 maple & a%4 #h4 ,! ?ird ( ! team 7 hurt4 #i4 ,! n\n & v]b w be discuss$ lat]4 #aj4 ,i read a ,pittsburg & ,philadelphia pap]4 #aa4 ,read ! ?ird & six? s5t5ce4 #ab4 ,read ! comm5ts 9 a mon?ly & weekly p]iodical4 #ac4 ,he is dy+ f ! typhoid fev]4 #ad4 ,he 0 elect$ ! secret>y & ! treasur] ( ! association4 #ae4 ,:at sort ( a /ud5t are y8 #af4 ,he is a funny k9d ( a fell[4 #ag4 ,br+ me a new & old *air4 #ah4 ,t is a sort ( a peculi> idea4 #ai4 ,he 0 op]at$ ^u = ! app5dicitis4 #bj4 ,lock ! cat & dog up4 #dh4 ,no adv]b necess>y to ! s5se %\ld be omitt$ f ! s5t5ce4 ,su* improp] omission is frequ5tly made :5 v or too are us$ ) pa/ p>ticiples t are n also recogniz$ z adjectives2 z1 ,poor3 ,i am v insult$4 ,he 0 too wrapp$ 9 ?\ght to notice ! mi/ake4 ,"r3 ,i am v mu* insult$4 ,he 0 too mu* wrapp$ 9 ?\ght to notice ! mi/ake4 ,,ex]cise #bh ,write s5t5ces conta9+ ! foll[+ adjectives & adv]bs4 ,be sure t !y are us$ correctly4 ,bo?1 ea*1 e1 only1 evid5tly1 h>d1 late/1 awful1 t]ribly1 *>m+1 *>m+ly1 lovely1 brave1 p]fect1 /raight1 extreme1 v1 ei!r1 nei!r1 l>g]1 olde/1 "o1 none1 h>dly1 sc>cely1 only1 b1 f9ally1 almo/1 ev]1 nev]1 new1 newly1 v4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,v]bs #di4 ,a ,,v]b has already be5 def9$ z a ^w /at+ some?+ ab\t ! subject4 ,v]bs are inflect$ or *ang$ to indicate ! "t ( ! action z pa/1 pres5t1 or future2 z1 ,i talk1 ,i talk$1 ,i %all talk1 etc4 ,v]bs also v>y to indicate complet$ or incomplet$ action2 z1 ,i h talk$1 ,i %all h talk$1 etc4 ,to ^! v>iations1 :i* indicate ! "t ( ! action1 ! "n ,,t5se is giv54 ,! full v]bal /atem5t may consi/ ( sev]al words2 z1 ,he ,,may ,,h ,,gone home4 ,"h ! v]b is may h gone4 ,! la/ ^w ( su* a v]b phrase is call$ ! ,,pr9cipal ,,v]b1 & ! o!r words ! ,,auxili>ies4 ,9 ! s5t5ce above1 g 7gone7 is ! pr9cipal v]b1 & may & h are ! auxili>ies4 #ej4 ,9 con/ruct+ ! full =m ( ! v]b or v]b phrase !re are ?ree di/9ct p>ts f :i* all o!r =ms are made4 ,^! are call$ ! ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts4 ,! ,fir/ ,pr9cipal ,"p1 s9ce x is ! "p by :i* ! v]b is ref]r$ to z a ^w1 may be call$ ! ,,"n-,,=m4 ,! foll[+ are "n-=ms3 d1 see1 come1 walk1 pass4 ,! ,second ,pr9cipal ,"p is call$ ! ,,pa/ ,,t5se4 ,x is =m$ by add+ ed to ! "n-=m2 z1 walk$1 pu%$1 pass$4 ,^! v]bs t add ed are call$ ,regul> ,v]bs4 ,! v]b =m is (t5 entirely *ang$2 z1 done 7d71 saw 7see71 came 7come74 ,^! v]bs are call$ ,irregul> ,v]bs4 ,! ,?ird ,pr9cipal ,"p is call$ ! ,,pa/ ,,p>ticiple4 ,x is us$ ma9ly 9 express+ complet$ action or 9 ! passive voice4 ,9 regul> v]bs ! pa/ p>ticiple is ! same 9 =m z ! pa/ t5se4 ,9 irregul> v]bs x may diff] entirely f bo? ! "n-=m & ! pa/ t5se1 or x may resemble "o or bo? ( !m4 ,examples3 done 7d1 did71 se5 7see1 saw71 come 7come1 came71 set 7set1 set74 #ea4 ,,! ,,"n-,,=m1 :5 unaccompani$ by auxili>ies1 is us$ ) all subjects1 except ^? 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 to ass]t action 9 ! pres5t "t or pres5t t5se2 z1 ,i g1 ,we come1 ,y see1 ,horses run4 ,! "n-=m is also us$ ) v>i\s auxili>ies 7may1 might1 c1 mu/1 w1 %\ld1 %all1 etc47 to ass]t futurity1 det]m9ation1 possibility1 possession1 etc4 ,examples3 ,i may g1 ,we %all come1 ,y c see1 ,horses %\ld run4 ,by prec$+ x ) ! ^w to1 ! "n-=m is us$ to =m :at is call$ ! ,,pres5t ,,inf9itive2 z1 ,i wi% to g1 ,i hope to see4 ,:at may be call$ ! ,s-,,=m ( ! v]b1 or ! ,,s+ul> =m1 is usually con/ruct$ by add+ s or es to ! "n-=m4 ,! s-=m is us$ ) s+ul> subjects 9 ! ?ird p]son2 z1 ,he goes1 ,%e comes1 ,x runs1 ,! dog trots4 ,! s-=m is f\nd 9 ! ?ird p]sonal s+ul> ( ! pres5t t5se4 ,9 o!r t5ses1 if pres5t at all1 ! s-=m is 9 ! auxili>y1 :]e ! pres5t t5se ( ! auxili>y is us$ to =m "s o!r t5se ( ! pr9cipal v]b4 ,examples3 ,he has 7pres5t t5se71 ,he has gone 7p]fect t5se71 ,he has be5 se54 ,"s v]bs h no s-=m2 z1 w1 %all1 may4 ,! v]b be has two irregul> s-=ms3 ,is1 9 ! pres5t t5se1 & 0 9 ! pa/ t5se4 ,! s-=m ( h is has4 #eb4 ,! pa/ t5se always /&s alone 9 ! pr$icate2 i4 e41 ,,x ,,%\ld ,,nev] ,,be ,,us$ ,,) ,,any ,,auxili>ies4 ,to use x s1 h[ev]1 is "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t errors 9 gramm>4 ,! foll[+ are pa/ t5se =ms3 w5t1 saw1 wore1 tore4 ,to say1 !re=e1 ,i h saw1 ,i h w5t1 ,x 0 tore1 ,!y 7 wore1 w\ld be grossly incorrect4 #ec4 ,! ?ird pr9cipal "p1 ! pa/ p>ticiple1 on ! o!r h&1 ,,c ,,nev] ,,be ,,us$ ,,z ,a ,,pr$icate ,,v]b ,,)\t ,,an ,,auxili>y4 ,! foll[+ are di/9ctly pa/ p>ticiple =ms3 done1 se51 sung1 etc4 ,"o c\ld n !n prop]ly say1 ,i se51 ,i done1 ,i sung1 etc4 ,! di/9ction z to use ) & )\t auxili>ies applies1 ( c\rse1 only to irregul> v]bs4 ,9 regul> v]bs1 ! pa/ t5se & pa/ p>ticiple are always ! same1 & s no error c\ld result f _! confusion4 ,! pa/ p>ticiple is us$ to =m ! ,p]fect ,inf9itives2 z1 to h gone1 to h se51 to h be5 se54 #ed4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! mo/ important irregul> v]bs4 ,! li/ %\ld be ma/]$ ?or\ghly4 ,! /ud5t %\ld be> 9 m9d always t1 ,,! ,,pa/ ,,t5se ,,=m ,,%\ld ,,nev] ,,be ,,us$ ,,) ,,an ,,auxili>y1 & t ,,! ,,pa/ ,,p>ticiple ,,=m ,,%\ld ,,nev] ,,be ,,us$ ,,z ,a ,,pr$icate ,,v]b ,,)\t ,,an ,,auxili>y4 ,9 "s in/ances v]bs h be5 includ$ 9 ! li/ bel[ :i* are always regul> 9 _! =ms1 or :i* h bo? regul> & irregul> =ms4 ,^! are v]bs = ^: pr9cipal p>ts incorrect =ms are (t5 us$4 ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts ,,( ,,v]bs ,"n-=m ,pa/ ,t5se ,pa/ ,p>ticiple awake awoke or awak$ awak$ beg9 began begun besee* bes\ght bes\ght bid 7to ord] or to greet7 bade bidd5 or bid bid 7at auction7 bid bidd5 or bid bl[ blew bl[n break broke brok5 bur/ bur/ bur/ *oose *ose *os5 *ide *id *idd5 or *id come came come deal dealt dealt dive div$ div$ ,"n-=m ,pa/ ,t5se ,pa/ ,p>ticiple d did done draw drew drawn dr9k drank drunk or drank drive drove driv5 eat ate eat5 fall fell fall5 flee fl$ fl$ fly flew fl[n =sake =sook =sak5 =get =got =got or =gott5 freeze froze froz5 get got got 7gott57 give gave giv5 g w5t gone hang 7clo!s7 hung hung hang 7a man7 hang$ hang$ "k knew kn[n lay laid laid lie lay la9 mean meant meant plead plead$ plead$ prove prov$ prov$ ride rode ridd5 raise rais$ rais$ rise rose ris5 run ran run see saw se5 seek s\ght s\ght set set set %ake %ook %ak5 %$ %$ %$ %oe %od %od s+ sang sung sit sat sat slay slew sla9 s9k sank sunk speak spoke spok5 ,"n-=m ,pa/ ,t5se ,pa/ ,p>ticiple /eal /ole /ol5 swim swam swum take took tak5 tea* taught taught te> tore torn ?r[ ?rew ?r[n tread trod trod or trodd5 wake woke or wak$ woke or wak$ we> wore worn weave wove wov5 write wrote writt5 ,,notes4--,ought has no pa/ p>ticiple4 ,x may !n nev] be us$ ) an auxili>y4 ,i _h ought to g is incorrect4 ,! idea w\ld be amply express$ by ,i ought to g4 ,,model ,,conjugations ( ! v]bs to be & to see 9 all =ms are giv5 "u #gg at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,,ex]cise #bi ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces *ange ! italiciz$ v]b s z to use ! pa/ t5se1 & !n s z to use ! pa/ p>ticiple3 ,example3 7,orig9al s5t5ce71 ,! gue/s beg9 to g home4 7,*ang$ to pa/ t5se71 ,! gue/s began to g home4 7,*ang$ to pa/ p>ticiple71 ,! gue/s h begun to g home4 #a4 ,our books lie on ! mantel4 #b4 ,john comes 9 & lays 8 books on ! desk4 #c4 ,i see ! p>ade4 #d4 ,he runs up ! road4 #e4 ,!y set _! *airs 9 a r[4 #f4 ,! noise wakes me4 #g4 ,cs> bids him ent]4 #h4 ,if !y prove _! innoc5ce1 !y %\ld be dis*>g$4 #i4 ,8 fri5ds plead /rongly = him4 #aj4 ,d y "k :at !y mean by t8 #aa4 ,i awake e>ly e morn+4 #ab4 ,he beg9s to ?9k ( /range ?+s4 #ac4 ,! *ildr5 besee* me to g ) !m4 #ad4 ,my "m bids me to say t %e w be "h at six4 #ae4 ,smi? bids fifty doll>s = ! *air4 #af4 ,my s]vants break _m di%es4 #ag4 ,!y *oose _! associates4 #ah4 ,! box bur/s op54 #ai4 ,8 "m *ides him = 8 misbehavior4 #bj4 ,he comes "h e day4 #ba4 ,i deal !re ?is week4 #bb4 ,! boys dive beautifully4 #bc4 ,y d s mu* m ?an is necess>y4 #bd4 ,!y draw lots = ! wat*4 #be4 ,jones dr9ks ?is w9e v seldom4 #bf4 ,!y drive ov] to ,milton once a week4 #bg4 ,!y drive a sorrel horse4 #bh4 ,! c[s eat grass4 #bi4 ,! ,gauls flee be=e ,cs>4 #cj4 ,! swall[s all fly into ! *imney at ev5+4 #ca4 ,!y =sake ! cause )\t any reason4 #cb4 ,cs> gives !m no answ]4 #cc4 ,!y get no money = _! s]vices4 #cd4 ,y =get t we h no "r to d t4 #ce4 ,wat] freezes at ?irty-two degrees ,fahr5heit4 #cf4 ,! ball goes to ! oppos+ team4 #cg4 ,y hang ! rope on ! tree4 #ch4 ,! %]iff hangs ! murd]] at noon4 #ci4 ,i "k ( no?+ m worry+4 #dj4 ,%e lays ! knife on ! table4 #da4 ,!y lie 9 b$ until elev54 #db4 ,:y !y rise s late1 ,i d n "k4 #dc4 ,!y raise no objection4 #dd4 ,john runs v rapidly4 #de4 ,y sit v quietly4 #df4 ,cs> seeks to le>n ! int5tion ( ! enemy4 #dg4 ,! politician vigor\sly %akes all h&s4 #dh4 ,! ro( %$s wat] 9 all /orms4 #di4 ,! blacksmi? %oes horses4 #ej4 ,! *oir s+s = ea* s]vice4 #ea4 ,y speak too rapidly to be easily und]/ood4 #eb4 ,few m5 /eal because !y want to4 #ec4 ,i swim "o hundr$ y>ds v readily4 #ed4 ,!y tea* all ! elem5t>y bran*es !re4 #ee4 ,y take all subscriptions = ! conc]t4 #ef4 ,^? clo!s te> readily4 #eg4 ,!y tread ! grapes 9 mak+ w9e4 #eh4 ,:o ?r[s pap] on ! floor8 #ei4 ,i always we> old clo!s 9 :i* to "w4 #fj4 ,%e writes to h] "m daily4 #fa4 ,!y weave ! be/ rugs 9 ,philadelphia4 ,,ex]cise #cj ,write orig9al s5t5ces conta9+ ! foll[+ v]bs1 correctly us$3 ,begun1 blew1 bidd51 bad1 *ose1 broke1 come1 dealt1 div$1 drew1 driv51 flew1 =sook1 froze1 giv51 give1 gave1 w5t1 hang$1 knew1 rode1 plead$1 ran1 se51 saw1 %ook1 %od1 sung1 slew1 spoke1 swum1 tak51 torn1 wore1 ?rew1 wov51 wrote1 writt54 ,,ex]cise #ca ,ins]t ! prop] =m ( ! v]b 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,! v]b to be us$ is 9 black-fac$ type at ! beg9n+ ( ea* gr\p3 #a4 ,,beg94 ,he ---- to act at once4 ,! reports ---- to di/urb him a little4 ,he has ---- to feel hurt ov] !m4 #b4 ,,bid4 ,! proprietor ---- u a pleasant good day4 ,no matt] h[ mu* he ---- ! auctione] w n he> him4 ,we 7 ---- to ent]4 #c4 ,,bl[4 ,! corneti/ ---- ) all 8 might4 ,! %ip 0 ---- ab\t all day4 ,! w9d does ---- t]rifically sometimes4 ,x may ---- to-night4 ,! w9d ---- all la/ night4 #d4 ,,break4 ,he fell & ---- 8 leg4 ,x is well t 8 neck 0 n ----4 #e4 ,,bur/4 ,dur+ ! battle ! %ells frequ5tly ---- "r ov] u4 ,oak5 casks h (t5 ----4 #f4 ,,*ide4 ,he ---- u frequ5tly ab\t our actions4 ,he 0 nev] ---- himself4 #g4 ,,*oose4 ,!y ---- him presid5t4 ,!y h ---- wisely4 #h4 ,,come4 ,he ---- at n9e to-day4 ,he has always ---- e>li] h]et(ore4 ,let him ---- :5 he wi%es4 #i4 ,,deal4 ,be=e expla9+ ! game1 he ---- out ! c>ds4 #aj4 ,,dive4 ,twice la/ summ] he ---- (f ! bridge4 #aa4 ,,d4 ,?\ can/ n say ,i ---- x4 ,he (t5 ---- x4 #ab4 ,,draw4 ,! picture 0 ---- by a fam\s arti/4 ,he =m]ly ---- v well1 b ,i ?9k t n[ he ---- v poorly4 #ac4 ,,drive4 ,! horse 0 ---- tw5ty miles4 ,he almo/ ---- x to dea?4 #ad4 ,,eat4 ,he ---- ev]y?+ :i* ! o!rs _h n ----4 ,h[ c he ---- t8 #ae4 ,,flee4 ,s9ce ! ca%i] has ----1 !y ?9k t a w>rant w\ld be useless4 #af4 ,,fly4 ,! air-%ip ---- ?ree hundr$ miles on its fir/ trip4 ,t x has ---- s f> is suffici5t pro( ( its success4 #ag4 ,,=sake4 ,he ---- 8 new fri5ds j z he _h ---- all ! o!rs4 #ah4 ,,freeze4 ,! man 0 ---- /iff4 ,he evid5tly ---- to dea? s easily because he _h be5 s long )\t food4 #ai4 ,,give4 ,%e 0 n ---- z mu* z h] si/]s4 ,h] fa!r ---- h] less because ( h] extravagance4 ,b1 he n[ ---- h] en\gh to make x up4 #bj4 ,,g4 ,%e ---- to s*ool to-day4 ,%e ---- ye/]day4 ,%e has ---- e day ?is mon?4 #ba4 ,,"k4 ,he ---- t he _c live4 ,z long z ,i h ---- him1 ?is is ! fir/ "t ,i ev] ---- he 0 m>ri$4 #bb4 ,,mean4 ,he ---- to d "r1 & has always ---- to d s4 #bc4 ,,ride4 ,!y ---- z if !y _h ---- a long di/ance4 ,!y say t !y ---- f ,l>im] ?is morn+4 #bd4 ,,plead4 ,! "m ---- an h\r = h] son's life4 #be4 ,,prove4 ,!y ---- him a ?ief 9 ! eyes ( ! p1 ev5 if he 0 n ---- s to ! satisfaction ( ! jury4 #bf4 ,,run4 ,john ---- ! race z ?\gh he _h ---- races all 8 life4 ,! race 0 ---- v rapidly4 ,soon aft] t race1 he ---- 9 ano!r race4 #bg4 ,,see4 ,smi?1 :o has j arriv$1 says he ---- two m5 skulk+ along ! road4 ,he 0 n ---- by !m4 ,t play is ! be/ ,i ev] ----4 #bh4 ,,seek4 ,! detectives ---- all ?r\gh ! slums = him4 ,n[ !y ---- him 9 ! bett] p>ts ( ! city4 ,no crim9al 0 ev] m eag]ly ----4 #bi4 ,,%ake4 ,dur+ ! day 8 h& 0 ---- five hundr$ times4 ,he ---- h&s ) all :o came4 #cj4 ,,%oe4 ,! entire army 0 ---- ) ,blank's %oes4 #ca4 ,,s+4 ,! *oir ---- ! an!m z !y _h nev] ---- x be=e4 ,!y always ---- x well4 #cb4 ,,s9k4 ,! /one ---- z soon z x is 9 ! wat]4 ,! %ip 0 ---- 9 =ty fa?oms ( wat]4 ,!y ---- ! %ip 9 #ahfa4 #cc4 ,,speak4 ,?\gh !y claim$ t !y always ---- to h]1 %e 0 really nev] ---- to by any memb] ( ! family4 #cd4 ,,/eal4 ,! money 0 ----2 :e!r or n he ---- x ,i d n "k4 ,ev]yone believes t he has frequ5tly ---- goods f ! /ore4 #ce4 ,,take4 ,i 0 ---- = him sev]al times t day4 ,no "o ev] ---- me = him be=e4 #cf4 ,,tea*4 ,john ---- s*ool e day4 ,he has ---- = t5 ye>s4 ,he fir/ ---- :5 he 0 eighte5 ye>s old4 #cg4 ,,te>4 ,! dog ---- at ! pap] until x 0 ---- entirely to pieces4 ,he ---- up ev]y?+ he f9ds4 #ch4 ,,?r[4 ,he 0 ---- by a horse :i* nev] be=e ---- anyone4 #ci4 ,,we>4 ,! tr\s]s 7 ---- entirely out 9 a mon?1 b ,i ---- ! coat & ve/ = six mon?s4 #dj4 ,,weave4 ,?is c>pet 0 ---- at ,philadelphia4 ,! manufactur]s say !y nev] ---- a bett] "o1 & !y ---- ! be/ 9 ! c\ntry4 #da4 ,,write4 ,al?\gh he has ---- sev]al times1 he has nev] ---- any?+ ab\t t4 ,he ---- to me j la/ week4 ,he ---- at lea/ once a mon?4 ,,ex]cise #cb ,correct ! errors 9 ! use ( v]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,he plead all day to be releas$4 #b4 ,! horse 0 rode to dea?4 #c4 ,! lett] 0 wrote be=e he kn[$ ! tru?4 #d4 ,he 0 imm$iately ?rew out ( ! room4 #e4 ,%e run ar\nd all day & !n 0 sick ! next day4 #f4 ,i nev] se5 any?+ l x4 #g4 ,he 0 v mu* %ook by ! news4 #h4 ,! matt] 0 took up by ! committee4 #i4 ,! horse has be5 /ole f ! own]4 #aj4 ,golia? 0 slew by ,david4 #aa4 ,! words h be5 spoke 9 ang]4 #ab4 ,i h w5t to *ur* e day4 #ac4 ,0 ! riv] froze en\gh = skat+8 #ad4 ,he begun to take notice imm$iately4 #ae4 ,! umbrella 0 blew to pieces4 #af4 ,i h broke my rul]4 #ag4 ,jones 0 *ose z lead] ( ! class4 #ah4 ,he said he come z soon z he c\ld4 #ai4 ,i done x4 #bj4 ,i h nev] did any?+ s fooli%4 #ba4 ,i h ate all t 0 9 ! lun*-box4 #bb4 ,! horse 0 drove t5 miles4 ,,ex]cise #cc ,write s5t5ces 9 :i* ! foll[+ v]b =ms are prop]ly us$3 begun1 blew1 broke1 *ose1 come1 came1 done1 did1 drew1 drunk1 drove1 ate1 flew1 =sook1 froze1 =got1 gave1 give1 w5t1 hang1 hung1 knew1 rode1 run1 %ook1 sung1 slew1 spoke1 /ole1 took1 tore1 ?rew1 wore1 wrote4 #ee4 ,,transitive ,,& ,,intransitive ,,v]bs4 ,a ,,transitive ,,v]b is "o 9 :i* ! action ( ! v]b goes ov] to a receiv]2 z1 ,he ,,kill$ ! horse1 ,i ,,keep my ^w4 ,9 bo? ^! s5t5ces1 ! v]b s]ves to transf] ! action f ! subject to ! object or receiv] ( ! action4 ,! v]bs 9 ^! s5t5ces1 & all simil> v]bs1 are transitive v]bs4 ,all o!rs1 9 :i* ! action does n g to a receiv]1 are call$ ,,intransitive ,,v]bs4 #ef4 ,,active ,,& ,,passive ,,voice4 ,! ,,active ,,voice repres5ts ! subject z ! do] ( ! action2 z1 ,i tell1 ,i see1 ,he makes *airs4 ,! ,,passive ,,voice repres5ts ! subject z ! receiv] ( ! action2 z1 ,i am told1 ,i am se51 ,i h be5 se51 ,*airs are made by me4 ,s9ce only transitive v]bs c h a receiv] ( ! action1 only transitive v]bs c h bo? active & passive voice4 #eg4 ,!re are a few special v]bs 9 :i* ! failure to di/+ui% betwe5 ! transitive & ! intransitive v]bs leads to frequ5t error4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! v]bs are ! foll[+3 sit1 set1 awake1 wake1 lie1 lay1 rise1 arise1 raise1 fell1 & fall4 ,note aga9 ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ^! v]bs3 wake 7to r\se ano!r7 woke1 wak$ woke1 wak$ awake 7to cease to sleep7 awoke1 awak$ awak$ fell 7to /rike d[n7 fell$ fell$ fall 7to topple ov]7 fell fall5 lay 7to place7 laid laid lie 7to recl9e7 lay la9 raise 7to cause to asc5d7 rais$ rais$ 7a7rise 7to asc5d7 7a7rose 7a7ris5 set 7to place7 set set sit 7to re/7 sat sat ,! fir/ ( ea* pair ( ! above v]bs is transitive1 & ! second is intransitive4 ,only ! fir/1 !n1 ( ea* pair c h an object or c be us$ 9 ! passive voice4 ,,notes4--,! foll[+ exceptions 9 ! use ( sit & set are1 by reason ( usage1 reg>d$ z correct3 ,! sun sets1 ,! moon sets1 ,!y sat !mselves d[n to re/1 & ,he set out = ,*icago4 ,lie1 mean+ to deceive1 has = its pr9cipal p>ts1 lie1 li$1 li$4 ,lie1 h[ev]1 ) ?is mean+ is seldom confus$ ) lie mean+ to recl9e4 ,! pres5t p>ticiple ( lie is ly+4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & note ! reasons :y ! second =m 9 ea* case is ! correct =m4 ,,wrong ,,"r ,awake me e>ly to-morr[4 ,wake me e>ly to-morr[4 ,he 0 awoke by ! noise4 ,he 0 woke 7wak$7 by ! noise4 ,he has fall5 a tree4 ,he has fell$ a tree4 ,i h laid d[n4 ,i h la9 d[n4 ,i lay ! book d[n 7pa/ t5se74 ,i laid ! book d[n4 ,! riv] has rais$4 ,! riv] has ris54 ,he rais$ 9 b$4 ,he rose 9 b$4 ,i set !re4 ,i sat !re4 ,i sat ! *air !re4 ,i set ! *air !re4 ,,ex]cise #cd ,=m an orig9al s5t5ce %[+ ! prop] use ( ea* ( ! foll[+ words3 ,lie1 lay 7to place71 sit1 set1 sat1 sitt+1 sett+1 lie 7to recl9e71 lie 7to deceive71 ly+1 lay+1 rise1 arose1 rais$1 raise1 fell 7to topple ov]71 fall51 fell$1 awake1 wake1 awak$1 woke1 fall+1 fell+1 ris+1 rais+1 wak+1 awak+1 la91 laid1 li$4 ,,ex]cise #ce ,correct su* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces z are wrong3 #a4 ,let sleep+ dogs lay4 #b4 ,! sun has sat 9 ! gold5 we/4 #c4 ,he has laid 9 b$ all morn+4 #d4 ,he w sit out on 8 j\rney ?is morn+4 #e4 ,let him sit !re z long z he wi%es4 #f4 ,he sat ! *air by ! table4 #g4 ,he awoke ev]ybody at daylight4 #h4 ,he laid d[n to sleep4 #i4 ,let him lie !re until he wakes4 #aj4 ,! %[] has la9 ! du/4 #aa4 ,! curta9 rais$ because x 0 rais$ by 8 ord]s4 #ab4 ,! riv] has ris5 f\r feet4 #ac4 ,fall+ trees is 8 amusem5t4 #ad4 ,to h be5 awak$ !n w\ld h be5 sad4 #ae4 ,to h wak$ !n w\ld h be5 sad4 #af4 ,wak+ at dawn1 !y r5ew$ ! j\rney4 #ag4 ,he has set !re all day4 #ah4 ,he lay ! pap]s be=e ! judge4 #ai4 ,! judge laid ! pap]s aside4 #bj4 ,lie+ 9 ! %ade is 8 mo/ /r5u\s occupation4 ,,ex]cise #cf ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces fill ! blanks ) ! prop] =ms ( ! v]bs indicat$3 ,,sit ,,& ,,set #a4 ,i ---- 9 t seat all ! ev5+4 #b4 ,please ---- "h until ,i return4 #c4 ,he 0 /ill ----t+ !re on my return4 #d4 ,! sun ---- 9 ! we/4 #e4 ,he ---- out = home ye/]day4 #f4 ---- d[n & re/ a:ile4 #g4 ,james ---- d[n & talk$ to me4 #h4 ,he 0 engag$ 9 ----t+ out fl[]s4 #i4 ,i ---- ! bucket on ! rock above ! bridge4 #aj4 ,la/ ev5+ we ---- at ! table = m ?an an h\r4 #aa4 ---- "h until ,i call my "m4 #ab4 ---- ! lamp on ! table4 #ac4 ,he has ---- !re all day4 #ad4 ,! *air 0 ---- by ! desk4 #ae4 ,i usually ---- up until twelve4 #af4 ,%e ---- ! h5 on "s eggs & %e rema9$ ---- !re4 #ag4 ,%e told me to ---- !re1 & ,i ---- d[n4 #ah4 ,by :om has ! lamp be5 ---- !re8 #ai4 ,i ---- my *air by ! w9d[ & ---- !re all ! aft]noon4 #bj4 ,h[ c %e ---- /ill = s long8 #ba4 ,! moon ---- at twelve4 ,,lay ,,& ,,lie #a4 ,i ---- d[n ?is aft]noon to re/4 #b4 ,i ---- 9 b$ until late e morn+4 #c4 ,i h frequ5tly ---- 9 b$ until elev54 #d4 ,he always ---- 8 books on ! desk4 #e4 ,he j n[ ---- 8 books on ! desk4 #f4 ,he has ---- !m !re e morn+4 #g4 ,8 books h sometimes ---- !re all day4 #h4 ,8 books h sometimes be5 ----+ !re be=e ,i arrive4 #i4 ,aft] he ---- d[n he rememb]$ t he _h left a lett] on 8 desk4 #aj4 ,w x n be well = y to ---- d[n = a :ile8 #aa4 ,i ---- on ! grass ye/]day = an h\r or m4 #ab4 ,i h ---- d[n & feel mu* bett]4 #ac4 ,n[ ,i ---- me d[n to sleep4 #ad4 ,! sc5e ( ! play is ---- 9 rural ,p5nsylvania4 #ae4 ,! tramps ---- beh9d ! b>n wait+ = dawn4 #af4 ,i _h ---- d[n to re/ be=e 7set or sit7 t+ out on my j\rney4 #ag4 ,! floor 0 ---- by an exp]t c>p5t]4 #ah4 ,%e told me to ---- ! matt] be=e ! tea*]4 #ai4 ---- d[n1 ,fido4 #bj4 ,:5 we are we>y1 we ---- d[n4 #ba4 ,:o ---- t on ! table8 #bb4 ,he has repeat$ly ---- ab\t ! matt]4 #bc4 ,he ---- )\t ! slighte/ hesitation4 #bd4 ----+ d[n is a good way to re/4 #be4 ----+ is a s94 #bf4 ,he ---- to 8 fa!r1 & 8 fa!r knew x4 ,,raise ,,& ,,rise 7,,arise7 #a4 ,i w ---- & g unto my fa!r4 #b4 ,he has ---- e>ly to-day4 #c4 ,i d n "k :y he ---- s e>ly4 #d4 ---- y\r h& if y "k4 #e4 ,ev]yone ---- 8 h&4 #f4 ,!y h all ---- _! h&s4 #g4 ,all _! h&s 7 ---- at once4 #h4 ,! price ( meat has ----4 #i4 ,! bread w\ld n ----4 #aj4 ,i ---- 9 ord] t ,i might see bett]4 #aa4 ,! flag 0 v c>efully ----4 #ab4 ,he tri$ to ---- himself f ! condition into :i* he _h fall54 #ac4 ,! curta9 is to ---- at eight4 ,i myself %all see to ----+ x !n4 #ad4 ,! boy ---- & answ]s4 #ae4 ,he is ---- rapidly to prom95ce4 #af4 ,w y please ---- ! w9d[8 #ag4 ,! safe 0 ---- by means ( a rope4 #ah4 ,x is l try+ to ---- "o's self by "o's boot-/raps4 #ai4 ---- & m>* to ! front ( ! room4 #bj4 ,! riv] ---- rapidly4 ,,fell ,,& ,,fall #a4 ,glad/one1 :5 liv+1 ---- a tree ea* morn+ = ex]cise4 #b4 ,to ---- an ox ) "o bl[ ( ! fi/ is a feat ( wond]ful /r5g?4 #c4 ,he 0 ---- to ! e>? by a bl[ f a club4 #d4 ,to ---- (t5 is to be expect$ 9 le>n+ to skate4 #e4 ----+ d[n is a small matt] to ! "y4 #f4 ,he has (t5 ---- f ! ro( ( ! por*4 #g4 ,aft] he ---- once1 he seem$ to try to d s aga94 #h4 ,i did n see him----4 #i4 ,n a %ot is fir$ b a bird ----4 #aj4 ,let ! tree be ---- across ! road4 #aa4 ,x is h>d to avoid ----+ on ! ice4 ,,awake ,,& ,,wake #a4 ,h !m ---- me v e>ly4 #b4 ,he w5t up/airs & ---- 8 bro!r4 #c4 ,8 bro!r did n wi% to be ---- s e>ly4 #d4 ,?is morn+ ,i ---- at dawn4 #e4 ,x is unpleasant to ---- s e>ly4 #f4 ,y say t y h nev] ---- aft] n9e8 #g4 ,:o ---- s e>ly1 ?is morn+8 #h4 ,he w\ld n say :o ---- him4 #i4 ----+ 9 ! dead ( night is unpleasant4 #aj4 ----+ ev]ybody up by _! noise is an e night occurr5ce4 #aa4 ,! sun ---- me e>ly4 #ab4 ,! :ole c\ntry-side seem$ to ---- at once4 #ac4 ,he _h himself ---- at six o'clock4 #eh4 ,,mode4 ,mode is t =m ( ! v]b :i* indicates ! mann] 9 :i* ! action or /ate is to be reg>d$4 ,!re are sev]al modes 9 ,engli%1 b only betwe5 ! indicative & subjunctive modes is ! di/9ction important4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! ,,indicative ,,mode is us$ :5 ! /atem5t is reg>d$ z a fact or z tru?1 & ! ,,subjunctive ,,mode is us$ :5 ! /atem5t expresses unc]ta9ty or implies "s degree ( d\bt4 #ei4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,! ,,subjunctive4 ,! places 9 :i* ! subjunctive diff]s f ! indicative are 9 ! pres5t & pa/ t5ses ( ! v]b be1 & 9 ! pres5t t5se ( active v]bs4 ,! foll[+ outl9e w %[ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! indicative & ! subjunctive ( be3 ,,indicative ,,pres5t ,,( ,,be ,,indicative ,,pa/ ,,( ,,be ,i am we are ,i 0 we 7 ?\ art y are ?\ w]t or wa/ y 7 he 7%e1 x7 is !y are he 7%e1 x7 0 !y 7 ,,subjunctive ,,pres5t ,,( ,,be ,,subjunctive ,,pa/ ,,( ,,be ,if ,i be ,if we be ,if ,i 7 ,if we 7 ,if ?\ be ,if y be ,if ?\ 7 ,if y 7 ,if he 7%e1 x7 be ,if !y be ,if he 7%e1 x7 7 ,if !y 7 ,if is us$ only z an example ( ! conjunctions on :i* ! subjunctive dep5ds4 ,o!r conjunctions may be us$1 or ! v]b may prec$e ! subject4 ,,note4--,x w be notic$ t ?\ art & ?\ wa/1 etc41 h be5 us$ 9 ! second p]son s+ul>4 ,/rictly speak+1 ^! are ! prop] =ms to be us$ "h1 ev5 ?\gh y are & y 71 etc41 are cu/om>ily us$ 9 address+ a s+le p]son4 ,9 ! subjunctive ( be1 x w be not$ t ! =m be is us$ ?r\gh\t ! pres5t t5se2 & ! =m 7 ?r\gh\t ! pa/ t5se4 ,9 o!r v]bs ! subjunctive1 in/ead ( hav+ ! s-=m 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( ! pres5t t5se1 has ! "n-=m1 or ! same =m z all ! o!r =ms ( ! pres5t t5se2 z1 indicative1 he runs1 %e sees1 x seems1 he has2 subjunctive1 if he run1 ?\gh %e see1 le/ x seem1 if he h4 ,,note4--,an exam9ation ( ! model conjugations "u #gg w give a fur!r und]/&+ ( ! =ms ( ! subjunctive4 #fj4 ,,use ,,( ,,indicative ,,& ,,subjunctive4 ,! indicative mode w\ld be prop]ly us$ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 :5 ! /atem5t is reg>d$ z true3 ,if t evid5ce is true1 !n he is a crim9al4 ,simil>ly3 ,if he is ri*1 he ought to be *>itable4 ,mo/ directly decl>ative /atem5ts are put 9 ! indicative mode4 ,b :5 ! s5se ( ! /atem5t %[s unc]ta9ty 9 ! speak]'s m9d1 or %[s t ! condition /at$ is reg>d$ z contr>y to fact or z untrue1 ! subjunctive is us$4 ,note ! two s5t5ces foll[+1 9 :i* ! conditions are prop]ly 9 ! subjunctive3 ,if ^? /atem5ts be true1 !n all /atem5ts are true1 ,7 ,i ri*1 ,i might be *>itable4 ,! subjunctive is usually prec$$ by ! conjunctions1 if1 ?\gh1 le/1 al?\gh1 or ! v]b prec$es ! subject4 ,b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ^! d n always indicate ! subjunctive mode4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,subjunctive ,,dep5ds ,,on ,,:e!r ,,! ,,condition ,,is ,,reg>d$ ,,z ,a ,,fact ,,or ,,z ,,contr>y ,,to ,,fact1 ,,c]ta9 ,,or ,,unc]ta94 ,x %\ld be add$ t ! subjunctive is p]haps go+ out ( use2 "s ( ! be/ writ]s no long] use its =ms4 ,?is pass+ ( ! subjunctive is to be regrett$ & to be disc\rag$1 s9ce its =ms give opportunity = _m f9e %ades ( mean+4 ,,ex]cise #cg ,write five s5t5ces :i* illu/rate ! correct use ( ,,be 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul> )\t an auxili>y1 & five :i* illu/rate ! correct use ( ,,7 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4 ,,ex]cise #ch ,*oose ! pref]able =m 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & be able to give a def9ite reason = y\r *oice4 ,9 "s ( ! s5t5ces ei!r =m may be us$ correctly3 #a4 ,he acts z if x 7 0 possible always to escape dea?4 #b4 ,if x 0 7 ne> en\gh1 ,i %\ld walk4 #c4 ,if ,i 0 7 only weal?y6 #d4 ,if ,i 7 0 9 8 place1 ,i %\ld /udy m$ic9e4 #e4 ,if y are be "r1 !n ! book is wrong4 #f4 ,if he 0 7 ,i1 he w\ld come4 #g4 ,?\gh he 0 7 v economical1 he rema9$ poor4 #h4 ,?\gh %e 0 7 an angel1 ,i %\ld dislike h]4 #i4 ,if he be is !re1 ask him to pay ! bill4 #aj4 ,if he be is !re1 he makes no sign ( 8 pres5ce4 #aa4 ,if ?is be is wrong1 !n all love ( c\ntry is wrong4 #ab4 ,if x ra9s ra91 ,i /ay at s*ool4 #ac4 ,take c>e le/ y are be deceiv$ by appe>ances4 #ad4 ,w\ld t ,i 0 7 a bird4 #ae4 ,if x sn[ sn[s1 ,i c't come4 #af4 ,if y\r fa!r comes come1 br+ him to d9n]4 #ag4 ,if y\r fa!r 0 7 "h1 y w\ld act diff]5tly4 #ah4 ,?\gh he 7 0 k+ ov] all ! e>? ,i %\ld despise him4 #ai4 ,if he come comes1 he w f9d me at home4 #bj4 ,0 7 x necess>y1 ,i %\ld jump4 #ba4 ,if to-morr[ be is pleasant1 we %all g driv+4 #bb4 ,if my "m 0 7 "h1 %e w\ld say ,i might g4 #bc4 ,if %e 0 7 at home1 ,i did n he> ( x4 #bd4 ,if t is be 8 motive1 he is unwor?y4 #be4 ,?\gh ?is seem seems improbable1 x is true4 #bf4 ,if a spee* is be prais$ by none b lit]>y m51 x is bad4 #bg4 ,if ! fa!r pays pay ! debt1 he w be releas$4 #bh4 ,?\gh ,m>y be is "y1 %e is a writ] ( note4 #bi4 ,unless he takes take bett] c>e ( 8 heal?1 he w die4 #cj4 ,if he be is hone/1 he has n %[n x4 #ca4 ,if he be is hone/1 he w insi/ on pay+ me4 #cb4 ,if he ev] tell tells ! tru?1 he conceals ! fact4 #fa4 ,,agreem5t ,,( ,,v]b ,,) ,,its ,,subject4 ,,! ,,v]b ,,%\ld ,,agree ,,) ,,its ,,subject ,,9 ,,p]son ,,& ,,numb]4 ,! mo/ frequ5t error is ! failure ( ! v]b to agree 9 numb] ) its subject4 ,s+ul> subjects are us$ ) plural v]bs1 & plural subjects ) s+ul> v]bs4 ,^! errors arise *iefly f a misappreh5sion ( ! true numb] ( ! subject4 ,! s-=m ( ! v]b is ! only di/9ct s+ul> =m1 & occurs only 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul>1 pres5t indicative2 z1 ,he runs1 %e goes1 x moves4 ,is1 01 & has are ! s+ul> =ms ( ! auxili>ies4 ,am is us$ only ) a subject 9 ! fir/ p]son1 & is n a s\rce ( confusion4 ,! o!r auxili>ies h no s+ul> =ms4 ,failure ( ! v]b & its subject to agree 9 p]son seldom occurs1 & s c cause little confusion4 ,exam9e ! foll[+ correct =ms ( agreem5t ( v]b & subject3 ,a b>rel ( clo!s ,,0 %ipp$ 7n 7 %ipp$74 ,a man & a woman ,,h be5 "h 7n has be5 "h74 ,boxes ,,are sc>ce 7n is sc>ce74 ,:5 ,,7 ! bro!rs "h 7n :5 078 #fb4 ,,agreem5t ,,( ,,subject ,,& ,,v]b ,,9 ,,numb]4 ,! g5]al rule to be borne 9 m9d 9 reg>d to numb]1 is t ,,x ,,is ,,! ,,mean+ ,,& ,,n ,,! ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,,subject ,,t ,,det]m9es ,,:e!r ,,to ,,use ,,! ,,s+ul> ,,or ,,! ,,plural ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,,v]b4 ,?is rule also applies to ! use ( s+ul> or plural pron\ns4 ,_m n\ns plural 9 =m are s+ul> 9 mean+2 z1 politics1 measles1 news1 etc4 ,_m1 also1 are treat$ z plurals1 ?\gh 9 mean+ !y are s+ul>2 z1 =ceps1 tongs1 tr\s]s4 ,"s n\ns1 s+ul> 9 =m1 are1 accord+ to ! s5se 9 :i*1 !y are us$1 ei!r s+ul> or plural 9 mean+2 z1 committee1 family1 pair1 jury1 assembly1 means4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces are all correct3 ,! assembly has clos$ its meet+1 ,! assembly are all total ab/a9]s1 ,! :ole family is a fam\s "o1 ,! :ole family are sick4 ,9 ! use ( ! adjective pron\ns1 "s1 ea*1 etc41 ! n\n is (t5 omitt$4 ,:5 ?is is done1 error is (t5 made by us+ ! wrong numb] ( ! v]b4 ,ea*1 ei!r1 nei!r1 ?is1 t1 & "o1 :5 us$ alone z subjects1 require s+ul> v]bs4 ,all1 ^?1 ^!1 few1 _m1 always require plural v]bs4 ,any1 none1 & "s may take ei!r s+ul> or plural v]bs4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! cases1 z is true ?r\gh\t ! subject ( agreem5t 9 numb]1 reason w det]m9e ! =m to be us$4 ,"s n\ns 9 a plural =m express quantity r ?an numb]4 ,:5 quantity is pla9ly int5d$ ! s+ul> v]b %\ld be us$4 ,exam9e ! foll[+ s5t5ces2 ea* is correct3 ,?ree drops ( m$ic9e is a dose1 ,t5 ?\s& tons ( coal 0 pur*as$ by ! firm1 ,two hundr$ doll>s 0 ! am\nt ( ! collection1 ,two hundr$ silv] doll>s 7 9 ! collection4 ,,ex]cise #ci ,9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 by giv+ a reason1 ju/ify ! correctness ( ! agreem5t 9 numb] ( ! v]b & ! n\n3 #a4 ,! jury h agre$4 #b4 ,! jury has be5 s5t out to reconsid] its v]dict4 #c4 ,! committee has pres5t$ its report1 b !y h diff]$ 9 reg>d to "o matt]4 #d4 ,! :ole tribe 0 de/roy$4 #e4 ,! tribe 7 scatt]$ ?r\gh ! diff]5t /ates4 #f4 ,! regim5t 7 almo/ all sick4 #g4 ,a v>iety ( p]sons 0 !re4 #h4 ,! society meets ea* mon?4 #i4 ,! society is divid$ 9 its op9ion4 #aj4 ,a numb] 7 unable to be pres5t4 #aa4 ,a great numb] 0 pres5t4 #ab4 ,! numb] pres5t 0 great4 #ac4 ,:at means 7 us$ to ga9 8 vote8 #ad4 ,t means ( ga9+ votes is corrupt4 #ae4 ,sev5te5 p\nds 0 ! cat's weight4 #af4 ,tw5ty ye>s ( 8 life 0 sp5t 9 prison4 #ag4 ,two hundr$ p\nds 0 8 weight4 #ah4 ,! family are all at home4 #ai4 ,! family is l>ge4 #bj4 ,a pair ( gloves has be5 lo/4 #ba4 ,a pair ( tw9s 7 sitt+ 9 ! doorway4 #bb4 ,! army 0 defeat$4 ,,ex]cise #dj ,con/ruct s5t5ces 9 :i* ea* ( ! words nam$ bel[ is us$ correctly z ! subject ( "s "o ( ! v]bs1 ,,is1 ,,01 ,,has1 ,,h1 ,,are1 ,,01 ,,h1 ,,g1 ,,goes1 ,,run1 ,,runs1 ,,come1 ,,comes3 ,"o1 none1 nobody1 ev]ybody1 ?is1 t1 ^!1 ^?1 =m]1 latt]1 few1 "s1 _m1 o!r1 any1 all1 su*1 news1 pa9s1 measles1 gall[s1 a%es1 dregs1 goods1 p9c]s1 ?anks1 victuals1 vitals1 mumps1 flock1 cr[d1 fleet1 gr\p1 *oir1 class1 army1 mob1 tribe1 h]d1 committee1 tons1 doll>s1 bu%els1 c>loads1 gallons1 days1 mon?s4 ,,ex]cise #da ,g ov] ea* ( ! above s5t5ces & det]m9e :e!r ,,x or ,,!y %\ld be us$ 9 ref]r+ to ! subject4 #fc4 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,rules ,,gov]n ,,! ,,agreem5t ,,( ,,! ,,v]b ,,) ,a ,,comp\nd ,,subject3 #a4 ,:5 a s+ul> n\n is modifi$ by two adjectives s z to mean two di/9ct ?+s1 ! v]b %\ld be 9 ! plural2 z1 ,fr5* & ,g]man lit]ature ,,are /udi$4 #b4 ,:5 ! v]b applies to ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! comp\nd subject1 ! plural =m ( ! v]b %\ld be us$2 z1 ,john & ,h>ry ,,are /ill to come4 #c4 ,:5 ! v]b applies to "o subject & n to ! o!rs1 x %\ld agree ) t subject to :i* x applies2 z1 ,! employee1 & n ! employ]s1 ,,0 to blame1 ,! employ]s1 & n ! employee1 ,,7 to blame1 ,! boy1 z well z 8 si/]s1 ,,des]ves praise4 #d4 ,:5 ! v]b applies sep>ately to sev]al subjects1 ea* 9 ! s+ul>1 ! v]b %\ld be s+ul>2 z1 ,ea* book & ea* pap] ,,0 9 its place1 ,no help & no hope ,,is f\nd = him1 ,ei!r "o or ! o!r ,,is he1 ,nei!r "o nor ! o!r ,,is he4 #e4 ,:5 ! v]b applies sep>ately to sev]al subjects1 "s ( :i* are s+ul> & "s plural1 x %\ld agree ) ! subject ne>e/ to x2 z1 ,nei!r ! boy1 nor 8 si/]s ,,des]ve praise1 ,nei!r ! si/]s nor ! boy ,,des]ves praise4 #f4 ,:5 a v]b sep>ates its subjects1 x %\ld agree ) ! fir/2 z1 ,! lead] ,,0 sla9 & all 8 m51 ,! m5 ,,7 sla91 & also ! lead]4 ,,ex]cise #db ,*oose ! prop] =m ( ! v]b 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,h>d & s(t coal is are us$4 #b4 ,! boy & ! girl h has come4 #c4 ,nei!r ,james nor ,i are is to g4 #d4 ,nei!r ,james nor !y are is to g4 #e4 ,h5ry1 & n 8 si/]1 is are sure to be invit$4 #f4 ,! *ildr5 & _! fa!r 0 7 on ! tra94 #g4 ,ea* man & ea* woman 0 7 pres5t4 #h4 ,ei!r ,t5nyson or ,wordswor? 0 7 ! au?or ( t poem4 #i4 ,ei!r ! man or 8 *ildr5 0 7 lo/4 #aj4 ,ei!r ! *ildr5 or _! fa!r 0 7 lo/4 #aa4 ,bread & milk are is frugal b :olesome f>e4 #ab4 ,! tea*] 0 7 cut (f by ! fire1 & also h] pupils4 #ac4 ,! pupils 0 7 cut (f by ! fire1 & also ! tea*]4 #ad4 ,dogs & cats is are useless animals4 #ae4 ,nei!r ! daught]s nor _! "m is are at home4 #af4 ,ei!r ! soldi] or 8 (fic]s is are mi/ak54 #ag4 ,! cat & all h] kitt5s 0 7 at ! door4 #ah4 ,t5nyson1 n ,wordswor?1 7 0 ! au?or4 #ai4 ,ea* ( ! tru/ees has h a vote4 #bj4 ,our success or our failure is are due solely to ourselves4 #ba4 ,nei!r s9c]ity nor cordiality *>act]ize *>act]izes him4 #bb4 ,ev]yone ( ^! *airs is are m9e4 #bc4 ,ea* day & ea* h\r br+ br+s new que/ions4 #bd4 ,! c> & all its pass5g]s 0 7 bl[n up4 #be4 ,! ambition & activity ( ! man has h be5 ! cause causes ( 8 success4 #bf4 ,old & new hay is are equally good = horses4 #bg4 ,mat!w or ,paul are is responsible = t belief4 #bh4 ,a man1 a woman1 & a *ild is are compris$ 9 ! gr\p4 #bi4 ,! pupils & also ! tea*] 7 0 emb>rass$4 #cj4 ,! tea*] & also ! pupils 7 0 emb>rass$4 #ca4 ,nei!r he nor ,i are is am go+4 #cb4 ,book aft] book 0 7 tak5 f ! %elves4 #cc4 ,ei!r ,aunt ,m>y or h] daught]s is are com+4 #cd4 ,ei!r ! daught]s or ,aunt ,m>y is are com+4 #ce4 ,aunt ,m>y1 b n h] daught]s1 is are com+4 #cf4 ,! daught]s1 b n ,aunt ,m>y1 is are com+4 #cg4 ,bo? ,aunt ,m>y & h] daught] is are com+4 #ch4 ,m>y1 & n h] "m1 is are com+4 #ci4 ,no prea*] & no woman is are all[$ to ent]4 #dj4 ,e adult man & woman has h a vote4 #da4 ,money1 if n culture1 ga9s ga9 a way4 #db4 ,bra9 p[]1 z well z money1 talk talks4 #dc4 ,ea* boy & girl br+ br+s books4 #fd4 ,,"s ,,miscellane\s ,,cautions ,,9 ,,reg>d ,,to ,,agreem5t ,,9 ,,numb]3 #a4 ,d n use a plural v]b aft] a s+ul> subject modifi$ by an adjective phrase2 z1 ,! ?ief1 ) all 8 booty1 0 captur$4 #b4 ,d n use a s+ul> =m ( ! v]b aft] y & !y4 ,say3 ,y 71 !y are1 !y 71 etc41 n1 y 01 !y 01 etc4 #c4 ,d n mi/ake a n\n modifi] = ! n\n subject4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,! ,,sale ( boxes 0 increas$1 sale1 n boxes1 is ! subject ( ! v]b4 #d4 ,:5 ! subject is a relative pron\n1 ! numb] & ! p]son ( ! antec$5t det]m9e ! numb] & ! p]son ( ! v]b4 ,bo? ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces are correct3 ,he is ! only "o ( ! m5 ,,t ,,is to be tru/$1 ,he is "o ( ^? m5 ,,t ,,are to be tru/$4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t ! s+ul>s & ! plurals ( ! relative pron\ns are alike 9 =m2 t1 :o1 etc41 may ref] to "o or m ?an "o4 #e4 ,d n use incorrect contractions ( ! v]b ) n4 ,don't _c be us$ ) he or %e or x1 or ) any o!r s+ul> subject 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,"o %\ld say1 ,he doesn't1 n he don't2 x doesn't1 n x don't2 man doesn't1 n man don't4 ,! prop] =m ( ! v]b t is be+ contract$ 9 ^! in/ances is does1 n d4 ,a9't & ha9't are always wrong2 no su* contractions are recogniz$4 ,su* colloquial contractions z don't1 c't1 etc41 %\ld n be us$ at all 9 =mal composition4 ,,ex]cise #dc ,correct su* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces z are wrong3 #a4 ,! %ip1 ) all h] crew1 7 lo/4 #b4 ,y 0 !re1 ,john1 0 y n8 #c4 ,!y 0 nev] kn[n to d t be=e4 #d4 ,a b>rel ( apples 7 sold4 #e4 ,h[ _m 7 !re :o 0 !re8 #f4 ,?is is "o ( ! books t is always read4 #g4 ,he don't "k 8 own relatives4 #h4 ,i a9't com+ to-night4 #i4 ,! art gall]y1 ) all its pictures1 0 de/roy$4 #aj4 ,john1 :5 0 y 9 ! city8 #aa4 ,! book1 ) all its errors1 is valuable4 #ab4 ,:o !y 01 ,i c\ldn't tell4 #ac4 ,?is is "o ( ! m\nta9s :i* are call$ ,! ,triplets4 #ad4 ,?is is "o ( ! elev5 pictures t has ga9$ prizes4 #ae4 ,! h&s ( ! clock is wrong4 #af4 ,! gall]y ( pictures are spl5did4 #ag4 ,?is is "o ( ^? f\r metals t is valuable4 #ah4 ,?is is ! "o ( ^? f\r metals t are valuable4 #ai4 ,t answ]1 z y w see1 ha9't "r4 #bj4 ,! :ole box ( books 7 %ipp$4 ,,ex]cise #dd ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces correct su* z are wrong3 #a4 ,c[s are a common n\n4 #b4 ,su* crises seldom occurs4 #c4 ,fifty doll>s 7 giv5 him z a pres5t4 #d4 ,!re 7 f\r m51 ea* ( :i* 7 s5t by a diff]5t bank4 #e4 ,at t "t ! morals ( m5 7 v l[4 #f4 ,ma!matics are my mo/ int]e/+ /udy4 #g4 ,!re 0 once two boys :o 0 imprison$ 9 ! ,t[]4 #h4 ,! jury is deliv]+ its v]dict4 #i4 ,! ,virg9ians is a fam\s book4 #aj4 ,t5 m9utes 7 giv5 him 9 :i* to answ]4 #aa4 ,ev]yone ( ^! f>ms are m9e4 #ab4 ,lee1 ) 8 :ole army1 surr5d]4 #ac4 ,f>m aft] f>m 7 pass$ by ! tra94 #ad4 ,he is "o ( ! greate/ m5 t has ev] be5 presid5t4 #ae4 ,?ree hundr$ miles ( wires 7 cut d[n4 #af4 ,?ree f\r?s ( 8 "t are wa/$4 #ag4 ,?ree qu>ts ( oats is all t is ne$$4 #ah4 ,a v>iety ( s\nds *>ms ! e>4 #ai4 ,a v>iety ( recitations 7 giv54 #bj4 ,! committee h adj\rn$4 #ba4 ,wa%+ton 0 "o ( ! greate/ g5]als t has ev] liv$4 #bb4 ,take "o ( ! books t is ly+ on ! table4 #bc4 ,! h\se is "o ( ^? t ov]looks ! bay4 #bd4 ,"q aft] "q 7 prop\nd$ to him4 #be4 ,he 0 "o ( ! be/ orators t has be5 produc$ by ! s*ool4 #bf4 ,he is "o ( ^? p]sons :o are quick to le>n4 #bg4 ,a black & :ite horse 7 9 ! r+4 #bh4 ,a black & a :ite horse 0 9 ! r+4 #bi4 ,! committee disagree on "s po9ts4 #cj4 ,m>y1 :]e 0 y ye/]day8 #ca4 ,! end & aim ( 8 life are to get money4 #cb4 ,all ! crop 7 lo/4 #cc4 ,"o ( !m are gone4 #cd4 ,!re comes ! *ildr54 #ce4 ,7 ei!r ( ^! m5 elect$8 #cf4 ,! alumni ( ?is s*ool is n v loyal4 #cg4 ,!re seem to be few "h4 #ch4 ,!re seems to be a few "h4 #ci4 ,nei!r ( ! lett]s 7 receiv$4 #dj4 ,9 all ^? songs !re are a sprightl9ess & *>m4 #da4 ,! ,association ( ,eng9e]s are /ill fl\ri%+4 #db4 ,nei!r ,john nor ,h5ry h come4 #dc4 ,ei!r ?is book or t are wrong4 #dd4 ,?is book & t is wrong4 #de4 ,?is book1 n t1 is wrong4 #df4 ,ei!r ?is book or ^? /ud5ts is wrong4 #dg4 ,ei!r ^? /ud5ts1 or ?is book is wrong4 #dh4 ,?is *emical ) its comp\nds 7 ! ag5ts us$ 9 tann+4 #fe4 ,,use ,,( ,,%all ,,& ,,w4 ,! use ( ! auxili>ies1 %all & w1 ) _! pa/ t5ses1 is a s\rce ( v _m errors4 ,! foll[+ outl9e w %[ ! correct use ( %all & w1 except 9 dep5d5t clauses & que/ions3 ,to indicate simple futurity or probability3 ,use %all ) ,i & we2 use w ) all o!r subjects4 ,to indicate promise1 det]m9ation1 ?reat1 or comm& on ! "p ( ! speak]2 i4 e41 action :i* ! speak] means to control2 ,use w ) ,i & we2 use %all ) all o!r subjects4 ,exam9e ! foll[+ examples ( ! correct use ( %all & w3 ,/atem5ts z to probable future ev5ts3 ,we %all probably be !re4 ,i ?9k y w want to be !re4 ,x w ra9 be=e night4 ,/atem5ts ( det]m9ation on ! "p ( ! speak]3 ,i w come 9 spite ( 8 comm&4 ,y %all g home4 ,x %all n happ5 aga91 ,i promise y4 #ff4 ,,%all ,,& ,,w ,,9 ,,que/ions4 ,9 int]rogative s5t5ces %all %\ld always be us$ ) ! fir/ p]son4 ,9 ! second & ?ird p]sons t auxili>y %\ld be us$ :i* is logically expect$ 9 ! answ]4 ,exam9e ! agreem5t 9 ! use ( %all & w 9 ! foll[+ que/ions & answ]s3 ,,que/ions4 ,,answ]s4 ,%all ,i miss ! c>8 ,y w miss x4 ,%all y be !re8 ,i ?9k ,i %all 7probability74 ,w he d x8 ,i ?9k he w 7ass]tion74 ,%all y\r son obey ! tea*]8 ,he %all 7det]m9ation74 ,w y promise to come8 ,we w come 7promise74 #fg4 ,,%all ,,& ,,w ,,9 ,,dep5d5t ,,clauses4 ,9 dep5d5t clauses :i* are introduc$ by t1 express$ or und]/ood1 ! auxili>y %\ld be us$ :i* w\ld be prop] if ! dep5d5t clause 7 a pr9cipal clause4 ,! s5t5ce1 ,!y assure u t !y ,,%all come1 is wrong4 ,! direct assurance w\ld be1 ,we ,,w come4 ,! auxili>y1 !n1 9 a pr9cipal clause w\ld be w4 ,w %\ld1 !re=e1 be ! auxili>y 9 ! dep5d5t con/ruction1 & ! s5t5ce %\ld read1 ,!y assure u t !y ,,w come4 ,fur!r examples3 ,i suppose we %all h to pay4 ,he ?9ks t y w be able to d x4 ,he has decid$ t ,john %all replace ! book4 ,9 all dep5d5t clauses express+ a condition or cont+5cy use %all ) all subjects4 ,examples2 ,if he %all g to ,europe1 x w be 8 t5? trip abroad4 ,if y %all g away1 :o w run ! f>m8 ,if ,i %all die1 ,i %all die z an hone/ man4 ,,ex]cise #de ,ju/ify ! correct use ( ,,%all & ,,w 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,i w g if y wi%4 #b4 ,i %all probably g if y wi%4 #c4 ,i w h x 9 spite ( all y c d4 #d4 ,we %all return by way ( ,dov]4 #e4 ,we w fight x out on ?is l9e if x takes all summ]4 #f4 ,i feel t ,i %all n live long4 #g4 ,we ?9k we %all come to-morr[4 #h4 ,i promise y1 ! money %all be rais$4 #i4 ,y w !n g to ,philadelphia4 #aj4 ,y %all nev] he> f me aga94 #aa4 ,he w surely come to-morr[4 #ab4 ,h[ %all y answ] him8 #ac4 ,i ?9k ,i %all ride4 #ad4 ,he is sure !y w come4 #ae4 ,he is sure t ,i w come4 #af4 ,%all y be !re8 #ag4 ,w he :o fails be all[$ to h a reexam9ation8 #ah4 ,w y be !re8 #ai4 ,w all be !re8 #bj4 ,he says he %all be !re4 #ba4 ,he has promis$ t he w be !re4 #bb4 ,i fe> t he w fail to pass4 #bc4 ,we ?9k %e w soon be well4 #bd4 ,we are det]m9$ t !y %all pay4 #be4 ,we expect t !y w br+ _! books4 #bf4 ,i d\bt t he w pay4 #bg4 ,we h promis$ t we w d x4 #bh4 ,if he %all ask1 %all ,i ref] him to y8 ,,ex]cise #df ,fill ! blanks 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces ) ,,%all or ,,w3 #a4 ,i ?9k ,i ---- f9d ! "w easy4 #b4 ,i ---- probably be refus$1 b ,i ---- g anyway4 #c4 ---- y be busy to-night8 ,yes1 ,i ---- be 9 class until t54 #d4 ,i ---- probably fail to pass ! exam9ation4 #e4 ,if no "o assi/s me1 ,i ---- dr[n4 #f4 ,no4 ,i ---- nev] sell my libr>y4 #g4 ,if ,i fail ,i ---- be oblig$ to take an exam9ation4 #h4 ---- my m5 beg9 "w to-day8 #i4 ---- y /op at ,*icago on y\r way ,we/8 ,no1 ,i don't1 ?9k ,i ----4 #aj4 ---- y promise me to s+ at ! conc]t to-night8 ,yes1 ,i ---- s+ to-night4 #aa4 ---- ,i put m wood on ! fire8 #ab4 ,i ---- be lo/2 no "o ---- help me4 #ac4 ,x ---- be !re :5 y ne$ x4 #ad4 ,x is dem&$ t ! pupils ---- be ord]ly & att5tive4 #ae4 ,i ?9k x ---- ra9 soon4 #af4 ,we ---- be disappo9t$4 #ag4 ---- we be p]mitt$ to g8 #ah4 ,we ---- d x = y4 #ai4 ---- ,i g or rema9 at home8 #bj4 ,i ---- be v grateful to y if y ---- d ?is4 #ba4 ,if y ---- ask h]1 %e ---- g ) y4 #bb4 ,if y ---- /op1 ,i ---- g ) y4 #bc4 ,:]e ---- we jo9 y8 #bd4 ,i ?9k we ---- be !re 9 "t4 #be4 ,i ---- g to ! riv] = a boat ride4 #bf4 ,:5 ---- y be tw5ty ye>s ( age8 #bg4 ---- we ev] see y aga98 #bh4 ,p]haps we ---- return next ye>4 #bi4 ,we promise1 we ---- return4 #cj4 ,y ---- probably suff] = x4 #ca4 ,i ---- n impose on y 9 t way4 #cb4 ---- ,i ask = y\r mail8 #cc4 ,i hope t we ---- be !re be=e ! curta9 rises4 #cd4 ---- !y probably be !re8 #ce4 ---- y please fet* me a pap]8 #cf4 ---- we /op = y on our way d[nt[n8 #cg4 ,:5 ---- ,i f9d y 9 y\r (fice8 #ch4 ,!y ---- nev] d x if ,i c help4 #ci4 ,y ---- d z ,i say4 #dj4 ,i ---- nev]1 nev]1 g !re aga94 #da4 ,we ---- decide :at to d ab\t t at our next meet+ :i* ---- be 9 ,octob]4 #db4 ---- x make any diff]5ce to y8 #dc4 ---- ,i g ) y8 #dd4 ,no1 y ---- please /ay "h4 #de4 ,he ---- nev] ent] ?is h\se aga94 #df4 ,x is believ$ t !y ---- probably be pres5t4 #dg4 ,he fe>s t he ---- die4 #dh4 ,he reque/s t y ---- come to-day at sev5 o'clock4 #di4 ,%e asks t x ---- be s5t at once4 #ej4 ,x is ?\ght t 8 dea? ---- n s]i\sly *ange ?+s4 #ea4 ,x is believ$ t ! emp]or ---- h to retract4 #eb4 ,a /ory is told t ---- ga9 little cr$5ce4 #ec4 ,i fe> t ,i ---- take cold4 #ed4 ,%e says t ,i ---- take cold4 #ee4 ,!y say t !y ---- d x 9 spite ( any?+ done to prev5t4 #ef4 ,he is det]m9$ t he ---- g away4 #eg4 ,%e is det]m9$ t he ---- g to s*ool4 #eh4 ,!y say !y ---- probably n g4 #ei4 ,john ?9ks he ---- probably live to be pa/ sixty4 #fj4 ,he tells me t he ?9ks t he ---- be elect$4 #fa4 ,!y say t !y ---- meet y4 #fb4 ,!y assure u t we ---- f9d good /ores 9 ,b]l94 #fc4 ,he says he fe>s he ---- miss 8 tra94 #fd4 ,wright says 8 fa!r ---- become fam\s4 #fe4 ,he writes t he ---- be "h to-day4 #ff4 ,d y say t y ---- be pres5t8 #fg4 ,! book says t ---- be wrong4 #fh4 ,does %e say t %e ---- come8 #fi4 ,i told y t ,i ---- n come4 #gj4 ,i tell y t %e ---- n come4 #ga4 ,he says t he ---- g z a matt] ( duty4 #gb4 ,john says t ---- n happ5 anyway4 #gc4 ,does he say t he ---- surely come8 #gd4 ,does ,john write :at he ---- promise to d 9 ! matt]8 #ge4 ---- y be sure to be !re8 ,,ex]cise #dg ,write five s5t5ces 9 :i* ,,%all is us$ 9 an indep5d5t clause1 & five 9 :i* ,,%all is us$ 9 a dep5d5t clause4 ,write five s5t5ces 9 :i* ,,w is us$ 9 an indep5d5t clause1 & five 9 :i* ,,w is us$ 9 a dep5d5t clause4 ,write five int]rogative s5t5ces 9 :i* ,,%all is us$ & five 9 :i* ,,w is us$4 #fh4 ,,%\ld ,,& ,,w\ld4 ,%\ld & w\ld are ! pa/ t5ses ( %all & w1 & h correspond+ uses4 ,%\ld is us$ ) ,i & we1 & w\ld ) o!r subjects1 to express m]e futurity or probability4 ,w\ld is us$ ) ,i & we1 & %\ld ) o!r subjects1 to express conditional promise or det]m9ation on ! "p ( ! speak]4 ,examples3 ,futurity3 ,i %\ld be sorry to lose ?is book4 ,if we %\ld be afraid ( ! /orm1 we %\ld be fooli%4 ,x 0 expect$ t !y w\ld be "h4 ,volition or det]m9ation3 ,if x %\ld occur1 we w\ld n come4 ,x 0 promis$ t x %\ld n occur aga94 ,he decid$ t x %\ld be done4 ,%\ld is sometimes us$ 9 ! s5se ( ought1 to imply duty2 z1 ,he %\ld h gone to h] aid4 ,w\ld is (t5 us$ to indicate habitual action2 z1 ,?is w\ld (t5 occur :5 he 0 prea*+4 ,,ex]cise #dh ,ju/ify ! correct use ( ,,%\ld & ,,w\ld 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,i fe>$ t !y w\ld n come4 #b4 ,he %\ld "k 8 duty bett] ?an t4 #c4 ,i %\ld be displeas$ if he w\ld act t way4 #d4 ,we %\ld be ru9$ if we did t4 #e4 ,y %\ld h se5 8 face4 #f4 ,we w\ld (t5 take t road4 #g4 ,he said t he w\ld come at once4 #h4 ,if t %\ld happ51 we %\ld n come4 #i4 ,if y 7 ,i1 :at %\ld y d8 #aj4 ,i %\ld see ! presid5t ( ! class4 #aa4 ,we %\ld h be5 at ! meet+4 #ab4 ,he said t we %\ld h be5 at ! meet+4 #ac4 ,he promis$ t he w\ld be at ! meet+4 #ad4 ,if ,i %\ld say s1 he w\ld dislike me4 #ae4 ,%\ld he come1 ,i w\ld g ) him4 #af4 ,!y w\ld usually /op at ! new hotel4 #ag4 ,:at w\ld !y d 9 ! city8 #ah4 ,%e ask$ if %e %\ld write ! lett]4 #ai4 ,%e said !y w\ld write ! lett]4 #bj4 ,%e agre$ t x w\ld be "r4 #ba4 ,%e assur$ u t %e w\ld att5d to x4 ,,ex]cise #di ,fill 9 ! blanks ) ,,%\ld or ,,w\ld 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,i fe> ,i ---- be dr[n$ if ,i ---- g swimm+4 #b4 ,i ---- be mu* pleas$ to meet him4 #c4 ,x 0 fe>$ t !y ---- n accept4 #d4 ,if x ---- /orm1 we ---- n />t4 #e4 ,%e ---- (t5 come to class ) no books4 #f4 ,i believ$ t he ---- come late4 #g4 ,he ---- nev] h be5 invit$4 #h4 ,if t _h become kn[n1 we ---- surely h be5 ru9$4 #i4 ,to ?9k t he ---- d su* a ?+6 #aj4 ,i ---- l to see ! game4 #aa4 ,y ---- n enjoy x4 #ab4 ---- y l to see ! game8 #ac4 ---- ,i br+ my op]a glasses8 #ad4 ,m>y ---- nev] h kn[n x4 #ae4 ,he ---- h easily deceiv$ h]4 #af4 ,!y 7 anxi\s t we ---- n miss ! tra94 #ag4 ,if we ---- come late1 ---- x make any diff]5ce8 #ah4 ,if !y _h propos$ x1 we ---- h vot$ x d[n4 #ai4 ,on :at date ---- t come8 #bj4 ,i suppose ,i ---- h done x2 b1 x ---- h inconv5i5c$ me4 #ba4 ,_h ,lee kn[n t1 he ---- nev] h surr5d]$4 #bb4 ,i ---- nev] h believ$ %e ---- d su* a ?+4 #bc4 ,we ---- nev] h come4 #bd4 ---- y ?9k him capable ( su* a trick8 #be4 ,i knew ,i ---- n be "h on "t4 #bf4 ---- !y d>e to attempt opposition8 #bg4 ,h[ ---- y g ab\t x8 #bh4 ,l9coln1 "u ^? circum/ances1 ---- probable n h be5 elect$4 #bi4 ,x ---- h *ang$ our :ole hi/ory4 #cj4 ,he said t x ---- h *ang$ our :ole hi/ory4 #ca4 ,he said he ---- come4 #cb4 ,%e ?9ks !y ---- n d x4 #cc4 ,we believe t we ---- l to g at once4 #cd4 ,!y say x ---- be done n[4 #ce4 ,i ?9k ,i ---- l to g4 ,,ex]cise #ej ,write five s5t5ces 9 :i* ,,%\ld is us$ indep5d5tly1 & five 9 :i* ,,%\ld is us$ dep5d5tly4 ,write five s5t5ces 9 :i* ,,w\ld is us$ indep5d5tly1 & five 9 :i* ,,w\ld is us$ dep5d5tly4 ,write five s5t5ces 9 :i* ,,%\ld is us$ 9 que/ions1 & five 9 :i* ,,w\ld is us$ 9 que/ions4 #fi4 ,,use ,,( ,,may ,,& ,,might1 ,,c ,,& ,,c\ld4 ,may1 ) its pa/ t5se1 might1 is prop]ly us$ to d5ote p]mission4 ,c1 ) its pa/ t5se1 c\ld1 ref]s to ! ability or possibility to d a ?+4 ,^! two words are (t5 confus$4 ,,ex]cise #ea ,fill ! blanks 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ---- ,i g home8 #b4 ---- we get tickets at t /ore8 #c4 ---- ! m\nta9 be climb$8 #d4 ---- we come into y\r (fice8 #e4 ,y ---- /ay z long z y wi%4 #f4 ---- y f9i% ! "w 9 an h\r8 #g4 ,h[ ---- y say su* a ?+8 #h4 ,sev]al p ---- use ! same book4 #i4 ,we ---- af=d to delay a :ile4 #aj4 ---- ,john g ) me8 #aa4 ,y ---- (t5 he> ! noise4 #ab4 ,:at ---- n be done 9 a week8 #ac4 ,t ---- be true1 b x ---- n be reli$ on4 #ad4 ,:at ---- he d to prev5t x8 #ae4 ,:5 ---- we h& 9 ! "w8 #gj4 ,,p>ticiples ,,& ,,g]unds4 ,! pa/ p>ticiple has already be5 m5tion$ z "o ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! v]b4 ,g5]ally1 ! ,,p>ticiples are ^? =ms ( ! v]b t ,,are ,,us$ ,,adjectively2 z1 see+1 hav+ se51 be+ se51 hav+ be5 se51 se51 play+1 hav+ play$1 etc4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces note t ! v]b =m 9 ea* case modifies a sub/antive3 ,he1 ,,hav+ ,,be5 ,,invit$ ,,to ,,d9e1 came e>ly1 ,john1 ,,be+ ,,sick1 c\ld n come4 ,! v]b =m 9 all ^! cases is call$ a p>ticiple1 & mu/ be us$ 9 connection ) ei!r a nom9ative or objective case ( a n\n or pron\n4 ,! ,,g]und is ! same z ! p>ticiple 9 its =ms1 b diff]s 9 t1 :ile ! p>ticiple is always us$ adjectively1 ! ,,g]und ,,is ,,always ,,us$ ,,sub/antively2 z1 ,i told ,,( ,,8 ,,w9n+ ! race1 ,,aft] ,,8 ,,ass]t+ x1 ,i believe ! /atem5t4 #ga4 ,,misuses ,,( ,,p>ticiples ,,& ,,g]unds4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple %\ld n be us$ unless x /&s 9 a grammatical & logical relation to "s sub/antive t is pres5t 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,failure to foll[ ?is rule leads to ! error kn[n z ! dangl+ p>ticiple4 ,x is wrong to say1 ,! di% 0 brok51 ,,result+ f its fall1 because result+ does n /& 9 grammatical relation to any ^w 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,b x w\ld be "r to say1 ,! di% 0 brok5 z a result ( its fall4 ,exam9e1 also1 ! foll[+ examples3 ,wrong3 ,i sp5t a week 9 ,virg9ia1 foll[$ by a week at ,atlantic ,city4 ,"r3 ,i sp5t a week 9 ,virg9ia1 foll[+ x by a week at ,atlantic ,city4 ,"r3 ,i sp5t a week 9 ,virg9ia1 & !n a week at ,atlantic ,city4 #b4 ,a p>ticiple %\ld n /& at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce or pr9cipal clause unless x belongs to ! subject ( t s5t5ce or clause4 ,comp>e ! foll[+3 ,wrong3 ,hav+ be5 sick1 x 0 decid$ to rema9 at home4 ,"r3 ,hav+ be5 sick1 ,i decid$ to rema9 at home4 #c4 ,a p>ticiple prec$$ by ?us %\ld n be us$ unless x modifies ! subject ( ! prec$+ v]b4 ,comp>e ! foll[+3 ,wrong3 ,he _h to rewrite sev]al pages1 ?us caus+ him a great deal ( tr\ble4 ,"r3 ,he _h to rewrite sev]al pages1 & 0 ?us caus$ a great deal ( tr\ble4 ,"r3 ,he _h to rewrite sev]al pages1 ?us exp]i5c+ a great deal ( tr\ble4 #d4 ,! g]und is (t5 us$ z ! object ( a preposition1 & frequ5tly has a n\n or pron\n modifi]4 ,ow+ to confusion betwe5 ! g]und & ! p>ticiple1 & to ! failure to realize t ! g]und c only be us$ sub/antively1 ! objective case ( a modify+ n\n or pron\n is (t5 wrongly us$ be=e ! g]und4 ,a sub/antive us$ ) ! g]und %\ld always be 9 ! possessive case4 ,say1 ,i he>d ,,( ,,john',s ,,com+1 n1 ,i he>d ,,( ,,john ,,com+4 #e4 ,:5 a g]und & a preposition are us$1 ! phrase %\ld be 9 logical & imm$iate connection ) ! sub/antive x modifies1 & ! phrase %\ld nev] introduce a s5t5ce unless x logically belongs to ! subject ( t s5t5ce4 ,exception3 ,:5 ! g]und phrase d5otes a g5]al action1 x may be us$ )\t grammatical connection to ! s5t5ce2 z1 ,9 travel+1 good dr9k+ wat] is ess5tial4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ wrong & "r =ms3 ,wrong3 ,aft] see+ 8 mi/ake1 a new />t 0 made4 ,"r3 ,aft] see+ 8 mi/ake1 he made a new />t4 ,wrong3 ,by writ+ rapidly1 ! "w c be f9i%$4 ,"r3 ,by writ+ rapidly1 y c f9i% ! "w4 ,wrong3 ,9 copy+ ! ex]cise1 a mi/ake 0 made4 ,"r3 ,9 copy+ ! ex]cise1 ,i made a mi/ake4 ,,ex]cise #eb ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 *oose ! prop] =m ( ! sub/antive f ^? italiciz$3 #a4 ,he spoke ( ,john ,john's com+ d[n4 #b4 ,! idea ( 8 him s++ is absurd4 #c4 ,d y rememb] me my speak+ ab\t x8 #d4 ,:at is ! use ( y y\r read+ t8 #e4 ,he 8 him be+ arre/$ 0 a suffici5t disgrace4 #f4 ,he him 8 be+ n[ ( age1 sold ! f>m4 #g4 ,he him 8 sell+ x 0 v unexpect$4 #h4 ,y %\ld h he>d him 8 tell+ ! /ory4 #i4 ,y %\ld h he>d 8 him tell+ ( ! /ory4 #aj4 ,to ?9k ( !m !y _! hav+ be5 se5 !re6 #aa4 ,:at is ! object ( ,m>y ,m>y's /udy+ ,fr5*8 #ab4 ,x its be+ ,john 0 a great surprise4 #ac4 ,:at is ! use ( !m !y _! talk+ s mu*8 #ad4 ,john ,john's go+ to s*ool takes all 8 ev5+s4 #ae4 ,! beauty ( ,james ,james's writ+ got him ! position4 #af4 ,he _h he>d ab\t me my com+ to-day4 #ag4 ,john ,john's com+ 0 a surprise4 ,,ex]cise #ec ,:]ev] p>ticiples or g]unds are improp]ly us$ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 correct ! s5t5ces s z to avoid su* impropriety4 ,see #ajg = rule z to punctuation3 #a4 ,hav+ ass5t$ to y\r plan1 y try to hold me responsible4 #b4 ,he ask$ him to make ! plans1 ow+ to ! ne$ ( an exp]i5c$ ar*itect4 #c4 ,x 0 decid$ to s5d 8 son abroad be+ anxi\s = 8 heal?4 #d4 ,on he>+ t1 a new plan 0 made4 #e4 ,mov+ sl[ly pa/ our w9d[1 we saw a great load ( lumb]4 #f4 ,int5d+ to g to ! !at]1 ! :ole aft]noon 0 sp5t 9 t[n4 #g4 ,he 0 tak5 into ! firm1 ?us ga9+ an increas$ income4 #h4 ,n hav+ ! lesson prep>$1 he told ,john to /ay aft] class4 #i4 ,no lett] 0 writt5 = m ?an a week1 caus+ consid]able anxiety4 #aj4 ,expect+ u to come1 we disappo9t$ him4 #aa4 ,aft] tell+ me ! /ory1 ,i left him4 #ab4 ,by read+ al\d to ! class1 !y d n ga9 mu*4 #ac4 ,he _h to wait sev]al h\rs = ! tra91 ?us caus+ him to lose a great deal ( valuable "t4 #ad4 ,aft] li/5+ to 8 lecture = an h\r he became tiresome4 #ae4 ,we li/5$ att5tively to 8 lecture1 ?us %[+ our int]e/4 #gb4 ,,inf9itives4 ,! ,inf9itives are =m$ by ! ^w to & "s "p ( ! v]b or ( ! v]b & auxili>y4 ,= see & play z model v]bs1 ! inf9itives are z foll[s3 ,,pres5t ,,active ,,pres5t ,,passive to see to be se5 to play to be play$ ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,active ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,passive to h se5 to h be5 se5 to h play$ to h be5 play$ ,! ^w to is frequ5tly omitt$4 ,9 g5]al1 o!r v]bs foll[ ! same end+s & =ms z d ! inf9itives above4 ,x is necess>y to "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two t5ses1 s9ce ! misuse ( t5ses leads to a c]ta9 class ( errors4 #gc4 ,,sequ5ce ,,( ,,inf9itive ,,t5ses4 ,! wrong t5se ( ! inf9itive is frequ5tly us$4 ,! foll[+ rules %\ld be obs]v$3 #a4 ,if ! action ref]r$ to by ! inf9itive is ( ! same "t or ( lat] "t ?an t indicat$ by ! pr$icate v]b1 ! ,,pres5t ,,inf9itive %\ld be us$4 #b4 ,:5 ! action ref]r$ to by ! inf9itive is reg>d$ z complet$ at ! "t indicat$ by ! pr$icate v]b1 ! ,,p]fect ,,inf9itive %\ld be us$4 ,exam9e ! foll[+ examples3 ,wrong3 ,i %\ld h lik$ to h gone4 ,"r3 ,i %\ld h lik$ to g 7same or lat] "t74 ,"r3 ,i %\ld l to h gone 7e>li] "t74 ,wrong3 ,x 0 bad to h be5 discov]$4 ,"r3 ,x is bad to h be5 discov]$ 7e>li] "t74 ,"r3 ,x 0 bad to be discov]$ 7same or lat] "t74 ,"r3 ,%e did n believe h] son to h committ$ ! crime 7e>li] "t74 ,"r3 ,:5 he di$1 he believ$ himself to h be5 defeat$ = ! (fice 7e>li] "t47 ,,ex]cise #ed ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces *oose ! prop] =m f ^? italiciz$3 #a4 ,i 0 sorry to h he>d to he> ( ,john's dea?4 #b4 ,%\ld y h be5 will+ to g to h gone ) u8 #c4 ,! game 0 int5d$ to be play$ to h be5 play$ ye/]day4 #d4 ,i int5d$ to write to h writt5 long ago4 #e4 ,he wi%$ to h met to meet y4 #f4 ,i %\ld h lik$ to meet to h met y4 #g4 ,m>y 0 eag] to h gone to g4 #h4 ,n]o 0 se5 to h fiddl$ to fiddle :ile ,rome burn$4 #i4 ,n]o is said to h fiddl$ to fiddle :ile ,rome burn$4 #aj4 ,?is 0 to be done to h be5 done ye/]day4 #aa4 ,!y agre$ to f9i% to h f9i%$ x ye/]day4 #ab4 ,he 0 will+ to s+ to h sung alone4 #ac4 ,he expect$ to h spok5 to speak "h to-morr[4 #ad4 ,! ,civil ,w> is said to cause to h caus$ m loss ( life ?an any o!r w>4 #ae4 ,black/one is said to h fail$ to fail at ! practice ( law4 #af4 ,x w\ld h be5 h>d to accompli% to h accompli%$ t result4 #ag4 ,he 0 fooli% en\gh to h spoil$ to spoil six negatives4 #ah4 ,i want$ to h att5d$ to att5d ! conv5tion4 #ai4 ,x w\ld be t]rible to be lo/ to h be5 lo/ 9 ! =e/4 #bj4 ,we 7 ask$ to h wait$ to wait4 #ba4 ,i am eag] to h se5 to see x4 #bb4 ,i am pleas$ to meet to h met y4 #gd4 ,,split ,,inf9itives4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid z mu* z possible ! ins]t+ ( an adv]b or an adv]bial modifi] betwe5 ! p>ts ( ! inf9itive4 ,?is error is call$ ! split inf9itive4 ,comp>e ! foll[+3 ,bad3 ,he seem$ to easily le>n4 ,good3 ,he seem$ to le>n easily4 ,bad3 ,he is said to h rapidly run along ! /reet4 ,good3 ,he is said to h run rapidly along ! /reet4 ,,ex]cise #ee ,correct ! foll[+ split inf9itives3 #a4 ,%e is kn[n to h hurri$ly read ! note4 #b4 ,m>y tri$ to quickly call help4 #c4 ,he 0 ask$ to sl[ly read ! next p>agraph4 #d4 ,john attempt$ to rudely break into ! conv]sation4 #e4 ,! plan 0 to secretly de/roy ! docum5ts4 #f4 ,8 policy 0 to nev] (f5d4 #g4 ,he wi%$ to 9 ?is way ga9 fri5ds4 #h4 ,he propos$ to greatly decrease 8 son's all[ance4 #ge4 ,,agreem5t ,,( ,,v]b ,,9 ,,clauses4 ,9 a comp\nd pr$icate1 ! p>ts ( ! pr$icate %\ld agree 9 t5se2 ,,pa/ ,,t5se ,,%\ld ,,foll[ ,,pa/ ,,t5se1 ,,& ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,,foll[ ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,exam9e ! foll[+3 ,wrong3 ,he has tri$ to d1 & really did ev]y?+ possible to /op 8 son4 ,"r3 ,he has tri$ to d1 & really has done ev]y?+ possible to /op 8 son4 ,"r3 ,he tri$ to d1 & really did ev]y?+ possible to /op 8 son4 ,wrong3 ,i hop$ & h work$ to ga9 ?is recognition4 ,"r3 ,i hop$ & work$ to ga9 ?is recognition4 ,"r3 ,i h hop$ & h work$ to ga9 ?is recognition4 ,,ex]cise #ef ,correct ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,i w5t la/ week & h gone aga9 ?is week4 #b4 ,i h he>d ( 8 be+ "h1 b n saw him4 #c4 ,i saw ,john1 b ,i h n se5 ,h5ry4 #d4 ,he desir$ to see ,john1 b has n wi%$ to see ,h5ry4 #e4 ,john 0 s5t =1 b has n yet arriv$4 #f4 ,i endeavor$ to f9d a way ( avoid+ t1 b h n succe$$4 #g4 ,i h nev] se5 its sup]ior1 &1 9 fact1 nev] saw its equal4 #h4 ,%e has succe$$ 9 gett+ 8 promise1 b did n succe$ 9 gett+ 8 money4 #i4 ,i hop$ & h pray$ = y\r com+4 #aj4 ,i h believ$ & usually taught t !ory4 #aa4 ,i int5d$ to & h endeavor$ to f9i% ! "w4 #ab4 ,no "o has wi%$ to see s mu* & saw s little ( ! _w z ,i4 #ac4 ,he has ga9$ ! favor ( ! k+ & 0 s5t to ,italy4 #ad4 ,we h ne$$ y & did our be/ to f9d y4 #gf4 ,,omission ,,( ,,! ,,v]b ,,or ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,v]b4 ,! v]b or "s ( its p>ts are (t5 omitt$4 ,?is omission sometimes makes ! s5t5ce ungrammatical or d\btful 9 its mean+4 ,i l him bett] ?an ,john4 ,?is s5t5ce may h ! mean+ %[n 9 ei!r ( its foll[+ correct$ =ms3 ,i l him bett] ?an ,john ,,does1 or ,i l him bett] ?an ,i ,,l ,john4 ,z a matt] ( good usage1 ! v]b or any o!r "p ( spee* %\ld be repeat$ :]ev] its omission ei!r makes ! s5t5ce ambigu\s or gives x an incomplete s\nd4 ,bad3 ,he 0 told to g :]e he ought n4 ,good3 ,he 0 told to g :]e he ought n to g4 ,good3 ,he 0 told to g :]e he %\ld n g4 ,,ex]cise #eg ,correct ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,i admire ,m>y m ?an ,john4 #b4 ,i ?9k %e is old] ?an ,john4 #c4 ,he %\ld h succe$$ 9 ga9+ ! end he tri$4 #d4 ,i ask$ him to d :at ,i %\ld n h4 #e4 ,i did :at ,i ought n4 #f4 ,we wi% him bett] luck ?an ,m>y4 #g4 ,we want to see him m ?an ,h5ry4 #h4 ,i %\ld hate him worse ?an y4 #i4 ,he want$ me to d :at ,i didn't c>e to4 #aj4 ,y may1 z y please1 d x or n4 #aa4 ,%e may g if %e wi%es or n4 #ab4 ,we ?9k ( y (t5] ?an "m4 #gg4 ,,model ,,conjugations ,,( ,,! ,,v]bs ,,to ,,be ,,& ,,to ,,see4 ,,conjugation ,,( ,,to ,,be ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts3 ,,am1 ,,01 ,,be5 ,,indicative ,,mode ,,pres5t ,,t5se ,p]son ,s+ul> ,numb] ,plural ,numb] #a4 ,i am ,we are #b4 99,?\ art 7y are7 ,y are #c4 ,he is ,!y are ,footnote 993 ,! =ms1 ?\ art1 ?\ wa/1 ?\ ha/1 etc41 are ! prop] =ms 9 ! second p]son s+ul>1 b cu/om>ily ! =ms ( ! second p]son plural1 y are1 y 71 y h1 etc41 are us$ also 9 ! second p]son s+ul>4 ,^! di/9ct second p]son s+ul> =ms w be us$ ?r\gh\t ! model conjugations4 ,,pa/ ,,t5se #a4 ,i 0 ,we 7 #b4 ,?\ wa/ or w]t ,y 7 #c4 ,he 0 ,!y 7 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se 7,h ) ! pa/ p>ticiple1 be547 #a4 ,i h be5 ,we h be5 #b4 ,?\ ha/ be5 ,y h be5 #c4 ,he has be5 ,!y h be5 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se 7,_h ) ! pa/ p>ticiple1 be547 #a4 ,i _h be5 ,we _h be5 #b4 ,?\ had/ be5 ,y _h be5 #c4 ,he _h be5 ,!y _h be5 ,,future ,,t5se 7,%all or w ) ! pres5t inf9itive1 be4997 ,p]son ,s+ul> ,numb] ,plural ,numb] #a4 ,i %all be ,we %all be #b4 ,?\ %alt be ,y %all be #c4 ,he %all be ,!y %all be ,footnote 993 ,to det]m9e :5 to use %all & :5 to use w 9 ! future & future p]fect t5ses1 see #fe1 #ff1 & #fg4 ,9 ^! model conjugations ! =ms ( %all are giv5 ) ! future & ! =ms ( w ) ! future p]fect4 ,,future ,,p]fect ,,t5se 7,%all or w ) ! p]fect inf9itive1 h be54997 #a4 ,i w h be5 ,we w h be5 #b4 ,?\ wilt h be5 ,y w h be5 #c4 ,he w h be5 ,!y w h be5 ,footnote 993 ,see ,note "u ,future ,t5se4 ,,subjunctive ,,mode 7,g5]ally foll[s if1 ?\gh1 le/1 al?\gh1 etc4 ,see #ei47 ,,pres5t ,,t5se #a4 7,if7 ,i be 7,if7 we be #b4 7,if7 ?\ be 7,if7 y be #c4 7,if7 he be 7,if7 !y be ,,pa/ ,,t5se #a4 7,if7 ,i 7 7,if7 we 7 #b4 7,if7 ?\ 7 7,if7 y 7 #c4 7,if7 he 7 7,if7 !y 7 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se 7,h1 un*ang$1 ) ! pa/ p>ticiple1 be547 #a4 7,if7 ,i h be5 7,if7 we h be5 #b4 7,if7 ?\ h be5 7,if7 y h be5 #c4 7,if7 he h be5 7,if7 !y h be5 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se 7,_h1 un*ang$1 ) ! pa/ p>ticiple1 be547 ,p]son ,s+ul> ,numb] ,plural ,numb] #a4 7,if7 ,i _h be5 7,if7 we _h be5 #b4 7,if7 ?\ _h be5 7,if7 y _h be5 #c4 7,if7 he _h be5 7,if7 !y _h be5 ,,future ,,t5se 7,%all or w1 un*ang$1 ) pres5t inf9itive be4997 ,footnote 993 ,see ,note to ,future ,indicative4 #a4 7,if7 ,i %all be 7,if7 we %all be #b4 7,if7 ?\ %all be 7,if7 y %all be #c4 7,if7 he %all be 7,if7 !y %all be ,,future ,,p]fect ,,t5se 7,%all or w1 un*ang$1 ) ! p]fect inf9itive1 h be54997 #a4 7,if7 ,i %all h be5 7,if7 we %all h be5 #b4 7,if7 ?\ %all h be5 7,if7 y %all h be5 #c4 7,if7 he %all h be5 7,if7 !y %all h be5 ,,pot5tial ,,mode99 ,footnote 993 ,! di/9ct pot5tial mode is no long] us$ by _m au?orities on gramm>1 & ! pot5tial =ms are reg>d$ z ( ! indicative mode4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 ?\ght be/ to use x 9 ^! model conjugations4 ,z to :5 to use ! diff]5t auxili>ies ( ! pot5tial mode see #fh & #fi4 ,! conjugation ) mu/ 7or ought to7 is sometimes call$ ! ,,obligative ,,mode4 ,! conjugation ) %\ld or w\ld is sometimes call$ ! ,,conditional ,,mode4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se 7,may1 c1 or mu/1 ) ! pres5t inf9itive1 be47 #a4 ,i may1 c1 or mu/ be ,we may1 c1 or mu/ be #b4 ,?\ may/1 can/1 or mu/ be ,y may1 c1 or mu/ be #c4 ,he may1 c1 or mu/ be ,!y may1 c1 or mu/ be ,,pa/ ,,t5se 7,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld1 ) ! pres5t inf9itive1 be47 ,p]son ,s+ul> ,numb] ,plural ,numb] #a4 ,i might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or ,we might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld be %\ld be #b4 ,?\ might/1 c\ld/1 ,y might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or w\ld/1 or %\ld/ be %\ld be #c4 ,he might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 ,!y might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or or %\ld be %\ld be ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se 7,may1 c1 or mu/1 ) ! p]fect inf9itive1 h be54 ,= =ms sub/itute h be5 = be 9 ! pres5t pot5tial47 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se 7,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld1 ) ! p]fect inf9itive h be54 ,= =ms sub/itute h be5 = be 9 ! pa/ pot5tial47 ,,imp]ative ,,mode99 ,footnote 993 ,! imp]ative is ! same 9 bo? s+ul> & plural4 ,be ,,inf9itive ,,mode ,,pres5t ,,t5se ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,to be ,to h be5 ,,p>ticiples ,,pres5t ,,t5se ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,be+ ,hav+ be5 ,,g]unds 7,same z p>ticiples7 ,,conjugation ,,( ,,to ,,see ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts3 ,,see1 ,,saw1 ,,se5 ,,indicative ,,mode ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple ,p]son ,s+ul> ,numb] ,plural ,numb] #a4 ,i see ,we see #b4 ,?\ see/ ,y see #c4 ,he sees ,!y see ,emphatic #a4 ,i d see ,we d see #b4 ,?\ do/ see ,y d see #c4 ,he does see ,!y d see ,progressive #a4 ,i am see+ ,we are see+ #b4 ,?\ art see+ ,y are see+ #c4 ,he is see+ ,!y are see+ ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice ,simple #a4 ,i am se5 ,we are se5 #b4 ,?\ art se5 ,y are se5 #c4 ,he is se5 ,!y are se5 ,progressive #a4 ,i am be+ se5 ,we are be+ se5 #b4 ,?\ art be+ se5 ,y are be+ se5 #c4 ,he is be+ se5 ,!y are be+ se5 ,,pa/ ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple #a4 ,i saw ,we saw #b4 ,?\ sawe/ ,y saw #c4 ,he saw ,!y saw ,emphatic ,p]son ,s+ul> ,numb] ,plural ,numb] #a4 ,i did see ,we did see #b4 ,?\ did/ see ,y did see #c4 ,he did see ,!y did see ,progressive #a4 ,i 0 see+ ,we 7 see+ #b4 ,?\ wa/ or w]t see+ ,y 7 see+ #c4 ,he 0 see+ ,!y 7 see+ ,,pa/ ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice ,simple #a4 ,i 0 se5 ,we 7 se5 #b4 ,?\ wa/ or w]t se5 ,y 7 se5 #c4 ,he 0 se5 ,!y 7 se5 ,progressive #a4 ,i 0 be+ se5 ,we 7 be+ se5 #b4 ,?\ w]t or wa/ be+ se5 ,y 7 be+ se5 #c4 ,he 0 be+ se5 ,!y 7 be+ se5 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute se5 = be5 9 ! pres5t p]fect indicative ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute be5 see+ = be5 9 ! pres5t p]fect indicative ( to be47 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute be5 se5 = be5 9 ! pres5t p]fect indicative ( to be47 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute se5 = be5 9 ! pa/ p]fect indicative ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute be5 see+ = be5 9 ! pa/ p]fect indicative ( to be47 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute be5 se5 = be5 9 ! pa/ p]fect indicative ( to be47 ,,future ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute see = be 9 ! future indicative ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute be see+ = be 9 ! future indicative ( to be47 ,,future ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute be se5 = be 9 ! future indicative ( to be47 ,,future ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute h se5 = h be5 9 ! future p]fect indicative ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute h be5 see+ = h be5 9 ! future p]fect indicative ( to be47 ,,future ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute h be5 se5 = h be5 9 ! future p]fect indicative ( to be47 ,,subjunctive ,,mode ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple ,p]son ,s+ul> ,numb] ,plural ,numb] #a4 7,if7 ,i see 7,if7 we see #b4 7,if7 ?\ see 7,if7 y see #c4 7,if7 he see 7,if7 !y see ,emphatic ,p]son ,s+ul> ,numb] ,plural ,numb] #a4 7,if7 ,i d see 7,if7 we d see #b4 7,if7 ?\ d see 7,if7 y d see #c4 7,if7 he d see 7,if7 !y d see ,progressive #a4 7,if7 ,i be see+ 7,if7 we be see+ #b4 7,if7 ?\ be see+ 7,if7 y be see+ #c4 7,if7 he be see+ 7,if7 !y be see+ ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice #a4 7,if7 ,i be se5 7,if7 we be se5 #b4 7,if7 ?\ be se5 7,if7 y be se5 #c4 7,if7 he be se5 7,if7 !y be se5 ,,pa/ ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple #a4 7,if7 ,i saw 7,if7 we saw #b4 7,if7 ?\ saw 7,if7 y saw #c4 7,if7 he saw 7,if7 !y saw ,emphatic #a4 7,if7 ,i did see 7,if7 we did see #b4 7,if7 ?\ did see 7,if7 y did see #c4 7,if7 he did see 7,if7 !y did see ,progressive #a4 7,if7 ,i 7 see+ 7,if7 we 7 see+ #b4 7,if7 ?\ 7 see+ 7,if7 y 7 see+ #c4 7,if7 he 7 see+ 7,if7 !y 7 see+ ,,pa/ ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice #a4 7,if7 ,i 7 se5 7,if7 we 7 se5 #b4 7,if7 ?\ 7 se5 7,if7 y 7 se5 #c4 7,if7 he 7 se5 7,if7 !y 7 se5 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute se5 = be5 9 ! pres5t p]fect subjunctive ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute be5 see+ = be5 9 ! pres5t p]fect subjunctive ( to be47 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute be5 se5 = be5 9 ! pres5t p]fect subjunctive ( to be47 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute se5 = be5 9 ! pa/ p]fect subjunctive ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute be5 see+ = be5 9 ! pa/ p]fect subjunctive ( to be47 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute be5 se5 = be5 9 ! pa/ p]fect subjunctive ( to be47 ,,future ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute see = be 9 ! future subjunctive ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute be see+ = be 9 ! future subjunctive ( to be47 ,,future ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute be se5 = be 9 ! future subjunctive ( to be47 ,,future ,,p]fect--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute se5 = be5 9 ! future p]fect subjunctive ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute be5 see+ = be5 9 ! future p]fect subjunctive ( to be47 ,,future ,,p]fect--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute be5 se5 = ! future p]fect subjunctive ( to be47 ,,pot5tial ,,mode ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute see = be 9 ! pres5t pot5tial ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute be see+ = be 9 ! pres5t pot5tial ( to be47 ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute be se5 = be 9 ! pres5t pot5tial ( to be47 ,,pa/ ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute see = be 9 ! pa/ pot5tial ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute be see+ = be 9 ! pa/ pot5tial ( to be47 ,,pa/ ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute be se5 = be 9 ! pa/ pot5tial ( to be47 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute h se5 = be 9 ! pres5t pot5tial ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute h be5 see+ = be 9 ! pres5t pot5tial ( to be47 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute h be5 se5 = be 9 ! pres5t pot5tial ( to be47 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple 7,sub/itute h se5 = be 9 ! pa/ pot5tial ( to be47 ,progressive 7,sub/itute h be5 see+ = be 9 ! pa/ pot5tial ( to be47 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice 7,sub/itute h be5 se5 = be 9 ! pa/ pot5tial ( to be47 ,,imp]ative ,,mode ,,active ,,voice ,simple see4 ,emphatic d see4 ,progressive be see+4 ,,passive ,,voice be se5 ,,inf9itive ,,mode ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple to see4 ,progressive to be see+4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice ,simple to be se5 ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple to h se54 ,progressive to h be5 see+4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice ,simple to h be5 se54 ,,p>ticiples ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice see+ ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice be+ se5 ,,pa/ ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice99 se5 ,footnote 993 ,!re is no pa/ p>ticiple 9 ! active voice4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice ,simple hav+ se5 ,progressive hav+ be5 see+ ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice hav+ be5 se5 ,,g]unds ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice see+ ,,pres5t ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice be+ se5 ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,active ,,voice hav+ se5 ,,p]fect ,,t5se--,,passive ,,voice hav+ be5 se5 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,connectives3 ,,relative ,,pron\ns1 ,,relative ,,adv]bs1 ,,conjunctions1 ,,& ,,prepositions #gh4 ,,indep5d5t ,,& ,,dep5d5t ,,clauses4 ,a s5t5ce may consi/ ( two or m indep5d5t clauses1 or x may consi/ ( "o pr9cipal clause & "o or m dep5d5t clauses4 ,,indep5d5t ,,clauses are jo9$ by conjunctions2 su* z1 h5ce1 b1 &1 al?\gh1 etc4 ,,dep5d5t ,,clauses are jo9$ to ! s5t5ce by relative adv]bs2 su* z1 :]e1 :51 etc41 or by relative pron\ns2 z1 :o1 :at1 etc4 ,^! dep5d5t clauses may h ! same (fice 9 ! s5t5ce z n\ns1 pron\ns1 adjectives1 or adv]bs4 7,see #g47 #gi4 ,,case ,,& ,,numb] ,,( ,,relative ,,& ,,int]rogative ,,pron\ns4 ,failure to use ! prop] case & numb] ( ! relative pron\ns has already be5 t\*$ ^u 7see #bi71 b a fur!r m5tion ( ?is fault may well be made "h4 ,! relative pron\n has o!r (fices 9 ! s5t5ce ?an t ( connect+ ! dep5d5t & pr9cipal clauses4 ,x may s]ve z a subject or an object 9 ! clause4 ,! s5t5ce1 ,i wond] ,,:om w be *os51 is wrong1 because ! relative "h is ! subject ( w be *os51 n ! object ( wond]1 & %\ld h ! nom9ative =m :o4 ,correct$1 x reads1 ,i wond] ,,:o w be *os54 ,exam9e ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 ,wrong3 ,we "k :o we mean4 ,"r3 ,we "k :om we mean4 ,wrong3 ,y may give x to :oev] y wi%4 ,"r3 ,y may give x to :omev] y wi%4 ,wrong3 ,d y "k :om x is8 ,"r3 ,d y "k :o x is8 7,attribute complem5t47 ,wrong3 ,ev]ybody :o 7 !re 7 disappo9t$4 7,disagreem5t 9 numb]47 ,"r3 ,ev]ybody :o 0 !re 0 disappo9t$4 ,! relative pron\n takes ! case requir$ by ! clause x introduces1 n ! case requir$ by any ^w prec$+ x4 ,?us1 ! s5t5ce1 ,he gave x to ,,:o _h ! cle>e/ "r1 is correct1 because :o is ! subject ( ! v]b _h1 & !re=e 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,give x to ,,:omev] !y "n1 is "r1 because :omev] is ! object ( !y "n4 ,errors 9 ! use ( int]rogative pron\ns are made 9 ! same way z 9 ! use ( ! relatives4 ,! int]rogative pron\n has o!r functions besides mak+ an int]rogation4 ,x s]ves also z ! subject or object 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 !n1 to use ! prop] case4 ,say1 ,:om are y look+ =8 n1 ,:o are y look+ =8 ,,note4 ,"s writ]s ju/ify ! use ( :o 9 s5t5ces l ! la/ "o on ! gr\nd t x is an idiom4 ,:51 z 9 ?is book1 ! object is tra9+ 9 gramm>1 x is deem$ bett] to adh]e to ! /rictly grammatical =m4 ,,ex]cise #eh ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 *oose ! prop] =ms f ^? italiciz$3 #a4 ,:o :om d y wi% to see8 #b4 ,y w please write out ! "n ( :oev] :omev] y want4 #c4 ,i saw :o :om 0 !re4 #d4 ,:o :om 0 x y saw8 #e4 ,:o :om did y see8 #f4 ,john did n "k :om :o to ask4 #g4 ,:y did he n ask :omev] :oev] 0 !re8 #h4 ,:o :om c tell ! diff]5ce8 #i4 ,give x to :oev] :omev] y please4 #aj4 ,none ( ^? :o 7 0 want$ 0 7 !re4 #aa4 ,! "o ( ^? :o 7 0 want$ 0 n !re4 #ab4 ,he is "o ( ^? fell[s :o are is always jok+4 #ac4 ,:om :o 0 call$ ,! ,rail ,splitt]8 #ad4 ,d y n "k :om :o x 08 #ae4 ,t is "o ( ! birds t is are v r>e4 #af4 ,"o ( ! books :i* 0 7 br\ght 0 "o hundr$ ye>s old4 #ag4 ,i am n among ^? :o :om 7 0 !re4 #ah4 ,only "o ( ! m5 :o 7 0 on bo>d surviv$4 #ai4 ,ev]yone else :o 0 7 !re 0 7 lo/4 #bj4 ,i am ! "o ( ! ?ree m5 :o is am are guilty4 #ba4 ,he 0 *os5 "o ( ! f\r speak]s :o 0 7 to speak on ,comm5cem5t ,day4 #bb4 ,x 0 "o ( ! books :i* 7 0 be+ s\ght by ! libr>ian4 #bc4 ,give x to "o ( ! m5 :o :om is f\nd !re4 #bd4 ,to :o :om did y give x8 #be4 ,x 0 = :omev] :oev] 0 pres5t4 #bf4 ,ask :omev] :oev] is ne>e/ ! door4 #hj4 ,,conjunctive ,,or ,,relative ,,adv]bs4 ,x is bett] to use a ,,:5 ,,clause only 9 ! subord9ate "p ( ! s5t5ce1 to /ate ! "t ( an ev5t4 ,comp>e ! foll[+3 ,bad3 ,he 0 turn+ ! corn]1 :5 sudd5ly he saw a c> approa*+4 ,good3 ,:5 he 0 turn+ ! corn]1 he sudd5ly saw a c> approa*+4 ,bad3 ,:5 ! news ( ! fire came1 x 0 /ill 9 ! e>ly morn+4 ,good3 ,! news ( ! fire came :5 x 0 /ill 9 ! e>ly morn+4 #ha4 ,d n use a ,,:5 or a ,,:]e ,,clause 9 def9+ a subject or 9 place ( a pr$icate n\n4 ,bad3 ,comm5cem5t is :5 "o =mally completes 8 s*ool c\rse4 ,good3 ,comm5cem5t is ! =mal completion ( "o's s*ool c\rse4 ,bad3 ,a/ronomy is :]e "o /udies ab\t ! />s4 ,good3 ,a/ronomy is ! /udy ( ! />s4 #hb4 ,s1 !n1 & also1 ! conjunctive adv]bs1 %\ld n be us$ to unite cord9ate v]bs 9 a s5t5ce unless & or b be us$ 9 addition to ! adv]b4 ,bad3 ,! boys' grades are l[1 s !y indicate lack ( application4 ,good3 ,! boys' grades are l[1 & s indicate lack ( application4 ,bad3 ,he read = a :ile1 !n fell asleep4 ,good3 ,he read = a :ile1 & !n fell asleep4 ,bad3 ,i'll be d[n next week2 also ,i %all br+ ,jack along4 ,good3 ,i'll be d[n next week2 & also ,i %all br+ ,jack along4 ,,ex]cise #ei ,correct ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,an>*ism is :5 "o believes 9 no gov]nm5t4 #b4 ,i am /udy+ ,g]man1 also ,fr5*4 #c4 ,! clock _h j /ruck five :5 ! cab came4 #d4 ,i %all "w until n9e o'clock1 !n ,i %all retire4 #e4 ,i 0 sick all day1 s ,i c\ldn't come to ! (fice4 #f4 ,i 0 go+ up /reet ye/]day :5 unexpect$ly ,i met ,jones4 #g4 ,dea? is :5 "o ceases to live4 #h4 ,d9n] is ready1 s ,i %all h to cease "w4 #i4 ,he told half ( ! /ory1 !n he sudd5ly /opp$4 #aj4 ,he loves good music1 also good pictures4 #aa4 ,a re/aurant is :]e meals are s]v$4 #hc4 ,,conjunctions4 ,!re are c]ta9 conjunctions1 & also c]ta9 pairs ( conjunctions t frequ5tly cause tr\ble4 ,,& or ,,b %\ld n be us$ to jo9 a dep5d5t clause to an indep5d5t clause2 z1 ,x 0 a new valise ,,& diff]+ mu* f 8 old "o4 ,say in/ead1 ,x 0 a new valise1 diff]+ mu* f 8 old "o1 or ,x 0 a new valise1 & diff]$ v mu* f 8 old "o4 ,simil>ly1 ,x 0 a new book ,,:i* 7n & :i*7 int]e/$ him v mu*4 ,?is & :i* con/ruction is a frequ5t error2 & :i* %\ld nev] be us$ unless !re is m ?an "o relative clause1 & !n nev] ) ! fir/ "o4 ,,b or ,,= %\ld n be us$ to introduce bo? ( two succe$+ /atem5ts4 ,bo? ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces are bad by reason ( ?is error3 ,he likes geometry1 ,,b fails 9 algebra1 ,,b /udies x h>d1 ,he read all night1 ,,= ! book int]e/$ him1 ,,= x 0 along ! l9e ( 8 ambition4 ,,?an & ,,z %\ld n be foll[$ by objective pron\ns 9 s5t5ces l ?is3 ,i am z l>ge ,,z ,,him4 ,! v]b 9 ^! s5t5ces is omitt$4 ,if x is suppli$1 ! error w be app>5t4 ,! s5t5ce w\ld !n read1 ,i am z l>ge z ,,him 7is l>ge74 ,! correct =m is1 ,i am z l>ge z he 7is l>ge74 ,simil>ly1 ,he is tall] ?an ,i 7am tall71 ,%e is bright] ?an ,,he 7is bright74 ,,z may be us$ z ei!r a conjunction or an adv]b4 ,he is ,,z tall ,,z ,i4 ,! fir/ z is an adv]b1 ! second z is a conjunction4 ,z is prop]ly us$ z an adv]b :5 ! equality is ass]t$1 b1 :5 ! equality is d5i$1 s %\ld be us$ 9 its place4 ,he is ,,z old ,,z ,i1 is correct1 b ! d5ial %\ld be1 ,he is ,,n ,,s old ,,z ,i4 ,aft] n d n use z :5 z is an adv]b4 ,,nei!r1 :5 us$ z a conjunction1 %\ld be foll[$ by ,,nor2 z1 ,nei!r he ,,nor 7n or7 ,i c come4 ,nei!r %\ld nev] be foll[$ by or4 ,,ei!r1 :5 us$ z a conjunction1 %\ld be foll[$ by ,,or4 #hd4 ,,plac+ ,,( ,,correlatives4 ,! correlatives1 su* z nei!r--nor1 ei!r--or1 n only--b also1 %\ld be plac$ 9 cle> relation to simil> p>ts ( spee* or simil> p>ts ( ! s5t5ce4 ,"o %\ld n be direct$ t[>d a v]b & ! o!r t[>d "s o!r "p ( spee*4 ,bad3 ,he n only br\ght a book1 b also a p5cil4 ,good3 ,he br\ght n only a book b also a p5cil4 ,bad3 ,he w\ld (f] nei!r rep>ation nor w\ld he apologize4 ,good3 ,nei!r w\ld he (f] rep>ation nor w\ld he apologize4 ,good3 ,he w\ld (f] nei!r rep>ation nor apology4 #he4 ,! prepositions )\t1 except1 l1 & ! adv]b directly %\ld n be us$ z conjunctions4 ,wrong3 ,)\t 7unless7 y att5d to class-room "w1 y _c pass4 ,wrong3 ,?is %e w\ld n d except 7unless7 we promis$ to pay at once4 ,wrong3 ,i act$ j l 7z7 all ! o!rs 7did74 ,wrong3 ,directly 7z soon z7 he came1 we h>ness$ ! horses4 ,,ex]cise #fj ,correct ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,m>y is z old z h]4 #b4 ,i read z mu* z him4 #c4 ,he ei!r wore 8 coat or a sort ( ve/4 #d4 ,he walk$ to ! next t[n1 b did n come back1 b /ay$ all night4 #e4 ,we are bett] play]s ?an !m4 #f4 ,he became ?or\ghly "u ! influ5ce ( ! hypnoti/ & do+ _m absurd ?+s4 #g4 ,!re we met a man nam$ ,h>mon & :om we f\nd v ent]ta9+4 #h4 ,!y "w h>d] ?an u4 #i4 ,john is n z tall z y4 #aj4 ,nei!r ,john or ,james is z tall z y4 #aa4 ,i admire ,m>y m ?an %e4 #ab4 ,t c't be done )\t y get p]mission f ! pr9cipal4 #ac4 ,he dresses j l ,i d4 #ad4 ,directly he came we laun*$ ! canoes4 #ae4 ,?is _c be done except y are a s5ior4 #af4 ,nei!r %e nor ,i 0 pres5t4 #ag4 ,he n only _h a tra9$ pig b also a goose4 #ah4 ,m>y is n z pretty z ,hel54 #ai4 ,! m5 nei!r int]e/$ him nor ! places4 #bj4 ,he has travel$ m ?an me4 #ba4 ,we l him v mu*1 = he is v int]e/+1 = he has travel$ s mu*4 #bb4 ,x is a good book & :i* has mu* valuable in=mation4 #bc4 ,x 0 a r\gh t[n & h>bor+ _m crim9als4 #bd4 ,he took an int]e/ nei!r 9 /udies1 nor did he c>e = a?letics4 #be4 ,he nei!r took an int]e/ 9 /udies nor a?letics4 ,,ex]cise #fa ,con/ruct s5t5ces 9 :i* ! foll[+ words are correctly us$3 ,:51 :]e1 ?an1 z--z1 s--z1 nei!r--nor1 n only--b also1 ei!r--or1 except1 l1 )\t1 directly4 #hf4 ,,prepositions4 ,"s mi/akes are made 9 ! use ( prepositions4 ,note ! foll[+ brief li/ ( words ) ! appropriate prepositions to be us$ ) ea*3 agree ) a p]son diff] f 7p]son or ?+7 agree to a proposition diff] f or ) an op9ion be/[ ^u diff]5t f comp>e ) 7to det]m9e value7 glad ( comp>e to 7because ( simil>ity7 ne$ ( comply ) "p f 7a p]son7 confide 9 7to tru/ 97 "p ) 7a ?+7 confide to 7to intru/ to7 pr(it by conf] on 7to give7 prohibit f conf] ) 7to talk )7 reconcile to 7a p]son7 conv5i5t to 7a place7 reconcile ) 7a /atem5t7 conv5i5t = 7a purpose7 sc>$ by dep5d5t on ?9k ( or ab\t ,d n use prepositions :]e !y are unnecess>y4 ,note ! foll[+ improp] expressions 9 :i* ! preposition %\ld be omitt$3 cont9ue on d[n until cov]$ ov] inside ( (f ( outside ( />t$ out :]e to8 wi% = to come rememb] ( m ?an y ?9k = ,d n omit any preposition t is necess>y to ! complet5ess ( ! s5t5ce4 ,bad3 ,he is a deal] & %ipp] ( coal4 ,good3 ,he is a deal] 9 & %ipp] ( coal4 ,,ex]cise #fb ,illu/rate 9 s5t5ces ! correct use ( ea* ( ! expressions li/$ "u ! fir/ p>agraph ( #hf4 ,=m s5t5ces 9 :i* correct expressions are us$ 9 place ( ea* ( ! incorrect expressions li/$ "u ! second p>agraph ( #hf4 ,,que/ions ,,= ,,! ,,review ,,( ,,gramm> ,,s5t5ces1 ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*1 ,,& ,,s5t5ce ,,elem5ts4 ,:at are ! f\r k9ds ( s5t5ces8 ,:at are ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*8 ,def9e ea*4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a clause & a phrase8 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a pr9cipal clause & a subord9ate clause8 ,illu/rate4 ,illu/rate an adv]bial clause4 ,an adjective clause4 ,illu/rate an adv]bial phrase4 ,an adjective phrase4 ,:at is an attribute complem5t8 ,illu/rate4 ,:at is an object complem5t8 ,illu/rate4 ,illu/rate & expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 simple1 complex1 & comp\nd s5t5ces4 ,,n\ns4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 s+ul> & plural numb]8 ,h[ is ! plural ( mo/ n\ns =m$8 ,( n\ns end+ 9 s1 *1 %1 x1 or z8 ,9 y8 ,9 f or fe8 ,9 o8 ,( lett]s1 figures1 etc48 ,( comp\nd n\ns8 ,( prop] names & titles8 ,h[ is ! possessive case ( mo/ n\ns =m$8 ,( n\ns end+ 9 s or 9 an s s\nd8 ,( a comp\nd n\n or ( a gr\p ( words8 ,:at is g5d]8 ,h[ is ! fem99e g5d] =m$ f ! mascul9e8 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 common & prop] n\ns8 ,,pron\ns4 ,:at is a pron\n8 ,:at is ! antec$5t ( a pron\n8 ,:at is ! rule = _! agreem5t8 ,:at is meant by p]son 9 pron\ns8 ,"n five pron\ns ( ea* p]son4 ,"n ! pron\ns t indicate mascul9e g5d]4 ,fem99e4 ,neut]4 ,:at pron\ns may be us$ to ref] to antec$5ts t /& = p]sons ( ei!r sex8 ,to antec$5ts t are collective n\ns ( unity8 ,to animals8 ,:at are n\ns ( common g5d]8 ,by :at pron\ns are !y ref]r$ to8 ,%\ld a s+ul> or a plural pron\n be us$ aft] ev]ybody8 ,aft] "s "o8 ,aft] "s p8 ,aft] two n\ns connect$ by or8 ,by nor8 ,by &8 ,:at are relative pron\ns8 ,"n !m4 ,) :at k9d ( antec$5ts may ea* be us$8 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! explanatory relative & ! re/rictive relative8 ,illu/rate4 ,:at is an int]rogative pron\n8 ,:at pron\ns may be us$ only 9 ! nom9ative case8 ,9 ! objective case8 ,:5 %\ld ! nom9ative case be us$8 ,! objective8 ,! possessive8 ,may ?\ & y be us$ 9 ! same s5t5ce8 ,:5 %\ld b t be us$1 & :5 b :at8 ,may !m be us$ adjectively8 ,may :i* be us$ ) a clause z an antec$5t8 ,may :i* & t1 or :o & t be us$ 9 ! same s5t5ce ) ! same antec$5t8 ,,adjectives ,,& ,,adv]bs4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 adjectives & adv]bs4 ,illu/rate4 ,:at is comp>ison8 ,:at is ! positive degree1 ! comp>ative1 ! sup]lative8 ,illu/rate ea*4 ,may "o say1 ,he is ! l>ge/ ( ! two8 ,reason8 ,he is ! l>g] ( ! ?ree8 ,reason8 ,he is ! l>ge/ ( all8 ,reason8 ,"n ?ree adjectives :i* _c be comp>$4 ,may "o say1 ,p>is is l>g] ?an any city8 ,reason8 ,p>is is l>g] ?an all cities8 ,reason8 ,p>is is ! l>ge/ ( any o!r city8 ,reason8 ,is a s+ul> or plural n\n dem&$ by e8 ,by two8 ,by v>i\s8 ,by ea*8 ,) h[ _m objects may ei!r be us$8 ,nei!r8 ,:]e %\ld ! adjective or adv]b be plac$ 9 ! s5t5ce8 ,:at is meant by a d\ble negative8 ,illu/rate4 ,:at is its effect8 ,:at is ! def9ite article8 ,,v]bs4 ,:at is a v]b8 ,:at is a pr9cipal v]b8 ,an auxili>y8 ,illu/rate4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal p>ts ( a v]b8 ,"n ea*4 ,) :at is ! s-=m us$8 ,) :i* =m c no auxili>y be us$8 ,make a s5t5ce us+ ea* ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! v]bs1 g1 see1 beg91 come1 dr9k1 write4 ,:at is a transitive v]b8 ,illu/rate4 ,an intransitive v]b8 ,illu/rate4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 active & passive voice8 ,does a transitive or does an intransitive v]b h bo? voices8 ,illu/rate ! passive voice4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 ! use ( sit & set4 ,( lay & lie4 ,( rise & raise4 ,:at is ! g5]al rule = ! use ( ! subjunctive mode8 ,9 :at way & :]e does ! subjunctive ( be diff] f ! indicative 9 its =ms8 ,h[ d o!r v]bs diff] 9 ! =m ( ! subjunctive8 ,9 :at respects %\ld a v]b agree ) its subject8 ,does ! =m ( ! subject always det]m9e its numb]8 ,:at %\ld be ! guide 9 det]m9+ :e!r to use a s+ul> or plural v]b8 ,:at class ( subjects may n be us$ ) don't1 c't1 etc48 ,:at det]m9es :e!r to use a s+ul> or a plural v]b aft] :o1 :i*1 & t8 ,:at =m ( ! v]b is us$ aft] y8 ,aft] !y8 ,:5 are %all & %\ld us$ ) ,i & we8 ,:5 ) o!r subjects8 ,:at rule gov]ns _! use 9 que/ions4 ,:at =m is us$ 9 dep5d5t clauses introduc$ by t1 express$ or und]/ood8 ,9 cont+5t clauses8 ,di/+ui% ! use ( may & might f c & c\ld4 ,:at is a dangl+ p>ticiple8 ,is x an error8 ,may ! g]und be correctly us$ )\t any grammatical connection to ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce8 ,z ! object ( a preposition is a p>ticiple or g]und us$8 ,:i* is us$ adjectively8 ,:i* may be us$ 9 connection ) a possessive sub/antive z a modifi]8 ,:5 x is dep5d5t on ano!r v]b1 9 :at case %\ld ! pres5t inf9itive be us$8 ,:5 ! p]fect inf9itive8 ,:at is a split inf9itive8 ,ne$ ! p>ts ( a comp\nd pr$icate agree 9 t5se8 ,,connectives4 ,by :at are indep5d5t clauses connect$8 ,dep5d5t clauses8 ,"n two conjunctive adv]bs4 ,%\ld a :5 clause be us$ 9 a subord9ate or 9 ! pr9cipal "p ( ! s5t5ce8 ,may s1 !n1 or also be us$ alone z conjunctive adv]bs8 ,may & or b be us$ to jo9 a dep5d5t clause to a pr9cipal clause8 ,:at case %\ld foll[ ?an or z8 ,%\ld nei!r be foll[$ by nor or or8 ,a ,,g5]al ,,ex]cise ,,on ,,gramm> ,,ex]cise #fc ,correct su* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces z are wrong4 ,aft] ea* s5t5ce1 9 p>5!sis1 is plac$ ! numb] ( ! p>agraph 9 :i* is discuss$ ! "q involv$3 #a4 ,he likes to boa/ ( ,m>y cook+4 7#ga47 #b4 ,x is an error & :i* c't be correct$4 7#hc47 #c4 ,he said he %\ld come if he c\ld4 7#fh47 #d4 ,c ,i use y\r p5cil8 7#fi47 #e4 ,if y 7 ,i1 :at w\ld y d8 7#fh47 #f4 ,we w\ld l to g4 7#fh47 #g4 ,nei!r ! memb]s ( ! committee nor ! *airman is pres5t4 7#fc-e47 #h4 ,he only spoke ( hi/ory1 n ( art4 7#de47 #i4 ,sociali/s don't h no use = tru/s4 7#df47 #aj4 ,?is is ,john's book4 7#ac47 #aa4 ,i fe>$ t !y %\ld n come4 7#fh47 #ab4 ,"m's & fa!r's dea?4 7#ae-d47 #ac4 ,m>y 0 eag] to h gone4 7#gc47 #ad4 ,! boys1 z well z _! tea*]1 is to be prais$4 7#fd-a47 #ae4 ,! memb]s ( ,congress wat* ea* o!r4 7#dd47 #af4 ,i fe> t ,i w take cold4 7#fg47 #ag4 ,"s "o has =gott5 _! umbrella4 7#bj47 #ah4 ,nei!r ( ! ?ree is well4 7#dc47 #ai4 ,:om d y consid] to be ! bright] man 9 ! class8 7#bi7 7#da47 #bj4 ,he is det]m9$ t he %all g away4 7#fg47 #ba4 ,nei!r ,john nor ,james br\ght _! books4 7#bb47 #bb4 ,:om did ! man say he 08 7#bi47 #bc4 ,8 clo!s look prettily4 7#ch47 #bd4 ,! play progress$ smoo? until ! la/ act4 7#ch47 #be4 ,h5ry & ,william is to come to-morr[4 7#bb47 #bf4 ,?is is ! less] ( ! two evils4 7#dj47 #bg4 ,d y ?9k y w /op at ,*icago8 7#ff47 #bh4 ,i am believ$ to be him4 7#bi47 #bi4 ,he s+s v illy4 7#dj47 #cj4 ,:5 !y come to build ! bridge ! /ream 0 too deep = !m to "w4 7#ed47 #ca4 ,%e is v discont5t$4 7#dh47 #cb4 ,iron is ! mo/ useful ( all o!r metals4 7#da-c47 #cc4 ,! b>rel bur/$ f ! pressure4 7#ed47 #cd4 ,%all my "w soon beg98 7#ff47 #ce4 ,he is six foot tall4 7#db47 #cf4 ,see+ 8 mi/ake1 ,i 0 n urg$ fur!r by him4 7#ga47 #cg4 ,w ! dog bite8 7#ff47 #ch4 ,i am believ$ to be he4 7#bi47 #ci4 ,i am eag] to h se5 x4 7#gc47 #dj4 ,i ?9k x %all ra9 soon4 7#fg47 #da4 ,%e %[$ ! di% to ,m>y & ,i4 7#bi47 #db4 ,m>y ask$ h] "m to wa% h] face4 7#cd-d47 #dc4 ,:o did ! man say he 08 7#bi47 #dd4 ,he des]v$ ! place1 = he is well educat$1 = he has be5 ?r\gh ,ox=d ,univ]sity4 7#hc47 #de4 ,*oose :o y please4 7#bi47 #df4 ,x don't make any diff]5ce ab\t t4 7#fd-e47 #dg4 ,! pump 0 froze fa/4 7#ed47 #dh4 ,a boat load ( fi%es 0 ! days cat*4 7#ac-ab47 #di4 ,wagn] 0 nev] too rattl$ to play4 7#dh47 #ej4 ,x is him4 7#bi47 #ea4 ,he did x hisself4 7#ca47 #eb4 ,he eat all !re 0 on ! table4 7#ed47 #ec4 ,he s5t a *e/ ( tea1 & x 0 made ( t94 7#cd-d47 #ed4 ,! murd]] 0 hung at noon4 7#ed47 #ee4 ,x is a que] k9d ( a book4 7#dg47 #ef4 ,y may give x to :oev] y wi%4 7#cb47 #eg4 ,:oev] is nom9at$1 w y vote = him8 7#cb47 #eh4 ,i ?9k ,i w f9d ! "w easy4 7#fg47 #ei4 ,he s5t 8 son abroad1 be+ anxi\s = 8 heal?4 7#ga47 #fj4 ,nei!r !y nor ,m>y 0 !re4 7#bb47 #fa4 ,brew]'s ! blacksmi?'s %op4 7#ae-f47 #fb4 ,golia? 0 slew by ,david4 7#ed47 #fc4 ,myself & "m are sick4 7#cj47 #fd4 ,john is z good1 if n bett] ?an %e4 7#da-d47 #fe4 ,if anybody creates a di/urbance1 h ! police put !m out4 7#ba47 #ff4 ,! pap] 0 address$ to ,john & h]self4 7#cj47 #fg4 ,john's & ,william's dog4 7#ae-d47 #fh4 ,tell ! boy & girl to come "h4 7#dg47 #fi4 ,ev]ybody's else mail has came4 7#ae1 #ed47 #gj4 ,he kn[s no?+ ab\t x b t he has read 9 ! pap]4 7#cd-f47 #ga4 ,awake me e>ly 9 ! morn+4 7#eg47 #gb4 ,if he be hone/1 he has n %[n x4 7#fj47 #gc4 ,ei!r ,adams or ,monroe 7 presid5t4 7#fc-d47 #gd4 ,wa%+ton1 ! g5]al & ! presid5t1 0 born on ,febru>y #bb;d4 7#dg47 #ge4 ,horne's & ,company's ,/ore4 7#ae-d47 #gf4 ,a hole _h be5 tore 9 ! %ips' side4 7#ed47 #gg4 ,i sat my *air by ! w9d[4 7#eg47 #gh4 ,i sat myself d[n to re/4 7#eg47 #gi4 ,i c't h>dly see to write4 7#df47 #hj4 ,john is "o ( ! p :o comes ea* night4 7#fd-d47 #ha4 ,he laid on ! c\* all day4 7#eg47 #hb4 ,dea? is :5 "o ceases to live4 7#ha47 #hc4 ,i 0 told to set "h4 7#eg47 #hd4 ,iron is m useful ?an any o!r metal4 7#da-c47 #he4 ,i n only told him1 b also ,morton4 7#hd47 #hf4 ,mc,kinley 0 n[h]e ne> s /r5u\s z ,roosevelt4 7#dj47 #hg4 ,x weighs sev]al ton4 7#db47 #hh4 ,john is n z bright z ,h5ry4 7#hc47 #hi4 ,g]many & ,france's %ips4 7#ae-d47 #ij4 ,john's employ]'s wife's fri5d4 7#ae-e47 #ia4 ,y _h ought to g home4 7#ed47 #ib4 ,?is is ! man :o wants ! ticket4 7#bf47 #ic4 ,:i* is ! l>g] ( ! ?ree8 7#da-a47 #id4 ,an axe is ! tool :i* !y use4 7#bf47 #ie4 ,x is t *>act]i/ic t makes him s disagreeable4 7#bf47 #if4 ,! horse :i* we drove1 & ! horse :i* y _h la/ week are ! same4 7#bf1 #cd-e47 #ig4 ,i don't l ^? k9d ( p4 7#db47 #ih4 ,i d n "q b :at he is "r4 7#cd-f47 #ii4 ,let him lay !re4 7#eg47 #ajj4 ,my fri5d & me drove to ,hughesville4 7#bi47 #aja4 ,am]ican & ,engli% gramm> is alike4 7#fc-a47 #ajb4 ,william & ,m>y has to g to ! city4 7#fc-b47 #ajc4 ,! boy1 & n 8 p>5ts1 7 wrong4 7#fc-c47 #ajd4 ,! price ( meat has rais$4 7#eg47 #aje4 ,?is tra9 runs sl[4 7#ch47 #ajf4 ,:i* is ! be/ ( ! two8 7#da-a47 #ajg4 ,iron is ! mo/ useful ( all o!r metals4 7#da-c47 #ajh4 ,)\t ! safety cat* is rais$1 ! gun c't be dis*>g$4 7#he47 #aji4 ,! family is all at home4 7#fb47 #aaj4 ,! horse run ! mile 9 two m9utes4 7#ed47 #aaa4 ,?is suit hasn't h>dly be5 wore4 7#df1 #ed47 #aab4 ,! knife has laid !re all day4 7#eg47 #aac4 ,! noise ( ! /reet 0 v l\d1 :i* kept me awake4 7#cd-i47 #aad4 ,! jury has agre$4 7#fb47 #aae4 ,su* ?+s make him t]rible n]v\s4 7#ch47 #aaf4 ,:om d y ?9k is ! brighte/ man8 7#bi47 #aag4 ,! army 7 defeat$4 7#fb47 #aah4 ,if ,i 0 y1 ,i %\ld g at once4 7#fj47 #aai4 ,%e may g if %e wi%es or n4 7#gf47 #abj4 ,ev]ybody :om 0 !re 0 giv5 a vote4 7#gi47 #aba4 ,i l h] bett] ?an y4 7#gf47 #abb4 ,:o d y want8 7#gi47 #abc4 ,knox is "o ( ! alumnuses ( ! college4 7#ac-ac47 #abd4 ,by law1 no "o is all[$ to kill m ?an two de]s4 7#ac47 #abe4 ,! clock _h j /ruck five :5 ! cab came4 7#hj47 #abf4 ,:5 0 y !re8 7#fd-b47 #abg4 ,he is z tall z me4 7#hc47 #abh4 ,nei!r ,john nor h] w come4 7#bi47 #abi4 ,y he> su* /atem5ts ev]y:]es4 7#cd-h1 #dj47 #acj4 ,y nev] c tell :om y w meet on ! tra94 7#gi47 #aca4 ,i wi% y 7 m l %e4 7#bi47 #acb4 ,w9t]1 ) h] fro/1 de/roy$ !m all4 7#bj47 #acc4 ,tell ev]ybody to ca/ _! vote = ,jones4 7#ba47 #acd4 ,he is ! only "o ( ! memb]s :o pay dues4 7#fd-d47 #ace4 ,0 x necess>y1 ,i %\ld jump8 7#fj47 #acf4 ,! production ( oranges 7 enc\rag$4 7#fd-c47 #acg4 ,! %ip1 ) all its pass5g]s1 7 lo/4 7#fd-a47 #ach4 ,he has fell f 8 *air4 7#eg47 #aci4 ,i w raise & g to my fa!r4 7#eg47 #adj4 ,! policeman fail$ ! ruffian ) 8 club4 7#eg47 #ada4 ,!y make pott]y 9 ,tr5ton4 7#cd-h47 #adb4 ,iron is m useful ?an all metals4 7#da-c47 #adc4 ,i int5d$ to & h endeavor$ to f9i% ! "w4 7#ge47 #add4 ,he won't come1 except we pay 8 exp5ses4 7#he47 #ade4 ,nei!r ,g]man or ,fr5* is taught !re4 7#hc47 #adf4 ,we h ne$$ y & did our be/ to f9d y4 7#ge47 #adg4 ,he awoke at n9e4 7#eg47 #adh4 ,i wi% ,i 0 a bird4 7#fj47 #adi4 ,if x ra9s1 ,i /ay at s*ool4 7#fj47 #aej4 ,?\ %\ld/ pray :5 y are 9 tr\ble4 7#cd-b47 #aea4 ,! ,indians1 !y hid beh9d trees4 7#cd-c47 #aeb4 ,we />t$ out = ! city at noon4 7#hf47 #aec4 ,! k+1 he said !y %\ld kill him4 7#cd-c47 #aed4 ,outside ( ! h\se /ood a l>ge mov+ van4 7#hf47 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,s5t5ces #hg4 ,classifi$ z to _! rhetorical con/ruction1 s5t5ces are consid]$ z loose1 p]iodic1 & balanc$4 ,! ,,loose ,,s5t5ce is s con/ruct$ t x may be clos$ at two or m places & yet make complete s5se2 z1 ,napoleon felt 8 weakness1 & tri$ to w9 back popul> favor by concession aft] concession1 until1 at 8 fall1 he _h ne>ly re/or$ p>liam5t>y gov]nm5t4 ,note t ?is s5t5ce c\ld be clos$ aft] ! words4 weakness1 favor1 & concession1 z well z aft] gov]nm5t4 #hh4 ,! ,,p]iodic ,,s5t5ce holds ! complete ?\ght 9 susp5se until ! close ( ! s5t5ce4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ p]iodic s5t5ce ) ! loose s5t5ce "u #hg3 ,napoleon1 feel+ 8 weakness1 & try+ to w9 back popul> favor by concession aft] concession1 _h1 at 8 fall1 ne>ly re/or$ p>liam5t>y gov]nm5t4 ,bo? loose & p]iodic s5t5ces are prop] to use1 b1 s9ce p]iodic s5t5ces dem& m c>eful & def9ite ?\ght1 ! untra9$ writ] %\ld try to use !m z mu* z possible4 #hi4 ,! ,,balanc$ ,,s5t5ce is made up ( p>ts simil> 9 =m1 b (t5 contra/$ 9 mean+2 z1 ,he is a man2 ,jones is a g5tleman4 #ij4 ,,s5t5ce ,,l5g?4 ,z to ! l5g? ( ! s5t5ce !re is no fix$ rule4 ,frequ5tly1 s5t5ces are too long1 & are1 9 _! ?\ght1 involv$ & h>d to foll[4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if !re is a succession ( %ort s5t5ces1 *opp9ess & r\ghness are ! result4 ,"o %\ld c>efully exam9e s5t5ces :i* conta9 m ?an ?irty or ?irty-five words to see t !y are cle> 9 _! mean+ & accurate 9 _! con/ruction4 ,,ex]cise #fd ,compose1 or se>* out 9 y\r read+1 five loose s5t5ces1 five p]iodic s5t5ces1 & five balanc$ s5t5ces4 ,,ex]cise #fe ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 det]m9e :e!r ea* s5t5ce is loose1 p]iodic1 or balanc$4 ,*ange all loose s5t5ces to ! p]iodic =m3 #a4 ,at ! same "t ! discont5t ( ! artisans made ! l[] class fe> a revolution1 & t class turn$ to ,napoleon1 because !y felt him to be ! sole hope = ord] & /able gov]nm5t4 #b4 ,! memb]s ( ! c\ncil 7 appo9t$ by ! k+1 & held (fice only at 8 pleasure4 #c4 ,a society & in/itutions t _h be5 gr[+ up = ye>s 0 ov]turn$ & swept away by ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 #d4 ,galileo 0 summon$ to ,rome1 imprison$1 & =c$ publicly to adjure 8 tea*+ t ! e>? mov$ ar\nd ! sun4 #e4 ,he draws & sket*es ) tol]able skill1 b pa9ts abom9ably4 #f4 ,loose s5t5ces may be cle>2 p]iodic s5t5ces may n be cle>4 #g4 ,he rode up ! m\nta9s z f> z he c\ld be=e dism\nt+ & cont9u+ ! asc5t on foot4 #h4 ,!y visit$ ! t[n :]e _! fa!r _h liv$1 & :ile !re1 procur$ ! key to ! h\se 9 :i* he _h be5 born4 #i4 ,8 dea? caus$ great grief & extreme f9ancial di/ress 9 ! family4 #aj4 ,!re /&s ! ,t[] ( ,london 9 all its grimness & c5turies ( age1 hold+ )9 its walls ! sc5e ( _m a /irr+ trag$y4 #aa4 ,few m5 dislike him1 b _m w\ld gladly see him ov]?r[n m]ely z an example4 #ab4 ,g]many is mov+ 9 ! same direction1 al?\gh ! re=m]s f9d x a h>d task to influ5ce public op9ion1 & a f> h>d] "o to *ange ! v>i\s laws preval5t 9 ! _m ,g]man /ates4 #ac4 ,is ?is ?+ we call life1 ) all its tr\bles1 pa9s1 & woes1 aft] all1 wor? liv+8 #ad4 ,he read mu*1 b advanc$ little intellectually1 = all ! facts & philosophy ( 8 read+ f\nd no p]man5t lodgm5t 9 8 m9d4 #ae4 ,8 com+ home 0 v unexpect$1 because he _h />t$ on a trip t usually took t5 days1 & t he _h said w\ld take long] ?is "t4 #af4 ,x 0 dur+ ! "t ( ! ,national ,conv5tion t ,napoleon fir/ became v prom95t by def5d+ ! conv5tion aga9/ a mob4 ,,ex]cise #ff ,comb9e ea* ( ! foll[+ gr\ps ( s5t5ces into "o well con/ruct$ long s5t5ce3 #a4 ,9 highly develop$ comm]cial communities banks _c af=d space 9 _! vaults = valuables4 ,especially1 !y _c af=d x m]ely to accommodate _! patrons4 ,h5ce1 9 su* communities ! furni%+ ( places = safe deposit has become a sep>ate bus9ess4 #b4 ,hi/ory %\ld be a "p ( ! c\rse 9 all s*ools4 ,x develops ! memory4 ,x furni%es ! explanation ( _m social ph5om5a4 ,x broad5s ! intellectual view4 ,x gives culture z no o!r /udy c give x4 #c4 ,he nev] desir$ a high] education4 ,?is 0 possible because ( ! money bequea!d to him by 8 fa!r4 ,x _h left him no ne$ = a great e>n+ capacity4 ,m likely1 x 0 because ( ! inborn dulness & le?>gy ( 8 m9d4 #d4 ,new ,york is ! pivotal /ate 9 all national elections4 ,its great numb] ( electors makes x always possible = x to ?r[ ! election ei!r way4 ,!re=e1 until "o kn[s to :i* p>ty ,new ,york w fall1 he _c tell h[ ! election w result4 #e4 ,our =efa!rs 7 dev\t4 ,!y 7 easily %ock$ 9 _m ways4 ,h[ev]1 !y p]mitt$ _m lib]ties 9 ! application ( s]mons to p>ticul> individuals4 ,su* ?+s w\ld n[adays be /rongly disapprov$ or res5t$4 #f4 ,man's life is divid$ into two p>ts by a con/antly mov+ po9t4 ,?is po9t is call$ ! pres5t4 ,x divides ! pa/ f ! future4 #g4 ,! ,sp>tans 7 torm5t$ by t5 ?\s& absurd re/ra9ts4 ,!y 7 unable to please !mselves 9 ! *oice ( _! wives4 ,!y 7 unable to please !mselves 9 _! *oice ( food or clo?+4 ,!y 7 compell$ to assume a peculi> mann]1 & to talk 9 a peculi> /yle4 ,yet !y glori$ 9 _! lib]ty4 #h4 ,! m]e approa* to ! temp]ance "q is ?r\gh a =e/ ( /ati/ics4 ,?is =e/ is =midable & complicat$4 ,x causes "o1 9 "t1 to d\bt ! tru? ( numb]s4 #i4 ,!y pass$ ! old ca/le4 ,x 0 almo/ unrecognizable4 ,?is 0 by reason ( ! scaffold+ :i* surr\nd$ x4 ,! ca/le 0 n[ be+ trans=m$ into a national museum4 #aj4 ,he /ood look+ ) curiosity at ,john ,pet]s4 ,pet]s limp$ slightly4 ,o!rwise1 he look$ well & happy4 ,he 0 mov+ ab\t %ak+ h&s "r & left4 #aa4 ,!y ru%$ at him ) a yell4 ,he _h by ?is "t rea*$ ! base ( ! f\nta94 ,) a sudd5 wond]ful leap he sprang onto ! rail+4 ,!re he 0 out ( rea*4 ,he balanc$ himself by t\*+ ! brackets :i* held ! lamps4 #ab4 ,! un9tellig5t work] rem9ds "o ( ! squirrel on ! :eel4 ,! squirrel ru%es r\nd & r\nd & r\nd all day long4 ,at ! end ( ! day ! squirrel is /ill a squirrel4 ,x is /ill ru%+ r\nd & r\nd4 ,x is gett+ n[h]e4 #ac4 ,! man look$ at ! ladd]4 ,he believ$ he c\ld rea* x4 ,!re 0 a sudd5 fla% ( hope 9 8 face4 ,8 face 0 already scor*$ by ! fire4 #ad4 ,smi? 0 f9ancially emb>rass$4 ,he 0 det]m9$ to get to 8 home4 ,he crawl$ on top ( ! trucks ( an express c>4 ,! c> 0 ab\t to leave ! t]m9al4 ,he c\rt$ almo/ c]ta9 dea?4 #ae4 ,! comm&] aga9 looks t[>d ! hills4 ,he looks = a long "t4 ,some?+ seems to excite 8 appreh5sion4 ,he conv]ses e>ne/ly ) ! /aff (fic]4 ,!n ! two look m ?an once t[>d a popl> tree4 ,! tree /&s at ! top ( ! hill4 ,only its top half %[s4 ,! hill is on ! ea/4 #af4 ,! mo/ important political "q has be5 ! t>iff "q4 ,?is has be5 mo/ important = t5 ye>s4 ,x is important because x is believ$ to h caus$ high prices & tru/s4 #ag4 ,! pleasante/ mon? is ,june4 ,x has fl[]s4 ,x has mild wea!r4 ,x has a slight haze 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,^! ?+s seem to flood "o's s\l ) peace & cont5tm5t4 #ia4 ,! ess5tial qualities t a s5t5ce %\ld possess1 aside f correctness1 are ^? ( ,unity1 ,coh]5ce1 ,emphasis1 & ,euphony4 ,,unity4 ,unity dem&s t ! s5t5ce deal ) b "o g5]al ?\ght1 & t x deal ) x 9 su* a consi/5t & connect$ mann] t ! ?\ght is cle>ly & effectively pres5t$4 ,unity dem&s1 also1 t closely relat$ ?\ghts %\ld n be improp]ly scatt]$ among sev]al s5t5ces4 #a4 ,/atem5ts hav+ no necess>y relation to "o ano!r %\ld n be embodi$ 9 "o s5t5ce4 ,bad3 ,! h\se sat well back f ! road1 & its own] 0 a m>ri$ man4 ,good3 ,! h\se sat well back f ! road4 ,its own] 0 a m>ri$ man4 a4 ,avoid ! comma blund]2 t is1 d n use a comma to divide into clauses :at %\ld be sep>ate s5t5ces1 or %\ld be connect$ by a conjunction4 ,bad3 ,jones lives 9 ! c\ntry1 he has a f9e libr>y4 ,good3 ,jones lives 9 ! c\ntry4 ,he has a f9e libr>y4 ,good3 ,jones lives 9 ! c\ntry & has a f9e libr>y4 b4 ,avoid ! frequ5t use ( ! p>5!sis 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,bad3 ,?is is a city 7x is call$ a city1 ?\gh x has b twelve hundr$ p7 t has no s*ool-h\se4 #b4 ,avoid all slip%od con/ruction ( s5t5ces4 a4 ,avoid add+ a clause to an app>5tly complete ?\ght4 ,bad3 ,t is n an easy problem1 ,i ?9k4 ,good3 ,t1 ,i ?9k1 is n an easy problem4 ,good3 ,i d n ?9k t is an easy problem4 ,bad3 ,he c\ld n be elect$ mayor aga9 "u any circum/ances1 at lea/ s ,i am told4 ,good3 ,he c\ld n1 ,i am told1 be elect$ mayor aga9 "u any circum/ances4 ,good3 ,i am told t he c\ld n "u any circum/ances be elect$ mayor aga94 b4 ,avoid long /raggl+ s5t5ces4 ,poor3 ,! /ud5ts (t5 ga!r$ to wat* ! practice ( ! team1 b1 j be=e ! la/ game1 ! managem5t exclud$ almo/ all1 & only a few :o _h influ5ce 7 all[$ to ent]1 & ?is favoritism caus$ mu* h>d feel+ & disgu/1 s t ! /ud5ts 7 reluctant to support ! team1 & lo/ mo/ ( _! int]e/1 a fact :i* _h a bad effect on ! a?letics ( ! in/itution4 #c4 ,unite into "o s5t5ce %ort s5t5ces & clauses t are closely & logically connect$ ) "o ano!r4 ,bad3 ,t x is a good s*ool is n )\t pro(4 ,its diploma admits to all colleges4 ,good3 ,t x is a good s*ool is n )\t pro(1 = its diploma admits to all colleges4 ,good3 ,t its diploma admits to all colleges is pro( t x is a good s*ool4 ,bad3 ,?is fact 0 true ( all ( u4 ,) ! exception ( ,john4 ,good3 ,?is fact 0 true ( all ( u1 ) ! exception ( ,john4 ,bad3 ,edw>d came4 ,b ,john nev] appe>$4 ,good3 ,edw>d came1 b ,john nev] appe>$4 ,bad3 ,! t[n has two railroads runn+ ?r\gh x4 ,also1 ?ree trolley l9es4 ,good3 ,! t[n has two railroads runn+ ?r\gh x1 & also ?ree trolley l9es4 ,good3 ,! t[n has two railroads & ?ree trolley l9es runn+ ?r\gh x4 #d4 ,d n *ange ! po9t ( view4 ,bad3 ,we complet$ our !mes1 & !y 7 h&$ 9 to ! tea*]4 7,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! s5t5ce1 ! subject is we2 9 ! second x is !mes47 ,good3 ,we complet$ our !mes & h&$ !m 9 to ! tea*]4 ,good3 ,our !mes 7 complet$ & h&$ 9 to ! tea*]4 ,bad3 ,! /age took u to ! foot ( ! hill1 & we walk$ f !re to ! top1 :]e our fri5ds met u4 ,good3 ,we 7 tak5 to ! foot ( ! hill by ! /age1 & we walk$ f !re to ! top1 :]e we 7 met by our fri5ds4 ,,ex]cise #fg ,revise su* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces z violate ! pr9ciples ( unity3 #a4 ,i frequ5tly _h ridd5 on a bicycle1 & ?\gh ! fir/ ride made me /iff1 ,i felt little inconv5i5ce aft]w>ds4 #b4 ,( ! firm ,jones ,smi?1 ,jones is a man to be respect$4 ,:ile ,smi? is ?or\ghly di%one/4 #c4 ,john _h pl5ty ( en]gy & ambition4 ,& x is h>d to und]/& :y he didn't succe$4 #d4 ,i h tak5 ?or\gh c\rses 9 hi/ory 9 bo? grade s*ool & high s*ool1 & ,i also work$ on ! f>m 9 ! summ]4 #e4 ,9 ! ,ea/ ! p are cons]vative4 ,b1 9 ! ,we/1 !y are radical & progressive4 #f4 ,! news came t special rates w\ld be giv5 f ,*icago1 & t we c\ld g to ,seattle & back = fifty doll>s1 & s1 :5 our *ecks came1 we seiz$ our grips & />t$ on a trip :i* 0 s long & ev5tful1 b z enjoyable z any two mon?s we _h ev] sp5t1 & gave u an exp]i5ce t 0 v valuable 9 our "w1 :i* we took up on our return 9 ! fall4 #g4 ,! t[n has a f9e public libr>y1 besides !re are a numb] ( /eel mills4 #h4 ,"o may rea* ,bo/on 9 two ways4 ,ei!r by wat] or by rail4 #i4 ,wom5 7& ,*ri/ian ,am]ican wom51 too7 frequ5tly try to evade ! cu/oms laws4 #aj4 ,my aunt has "s ( ,jeff]son's silv] spoons1 s %e says4 #aa4 ,he graduat$ f college 7,i ?9k x 0 ,h>v>d1 ?\gh ,i am n sure7 & !n taught = ?ree ye>s4 #ab4 ,?is is "o ( ,hugo's novels1 x is v good4 #ac4 ,he accompli%es ev]y?+ he und]takes1 if x is at all possible4 #ad4 ,wa%+ton 0 presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b ,hamilton guid$ its f9ancial policy4 #ae4 ,e ye> !y sell ?ree hundr$ sets1 & ,mr4 ,we/ helps to write ! lett]s4 #af4 ,! c\ntry p 7 ! *ief patrons ( ! /ore4 ,al?\gh no small am\nt ( trade came f ! t[n4 #ag4 ,! box sat "u a tree1 & ! dog1 :i* 0 a collie1 w\ld g :5 he 0 told & sit on x1 & no "o c\ld call him away b 8 ma/] :o 0 v (t5 cruelly sl[ 9 do+ s1 b ! dog nev] lo/ pati5ce4 #ah4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? p]sons 7( :om !re are s pa9fully _m7 :o nev] d :at !y promise4 #ai4 ,he !n w5t to 8 room1 :i* 0 9 ! back ( ! h\se1 to sleep1 & 8 books 7 f\nd !re ! next day4 #bj4 ,he 0 ! man t ,i _h m5tion$1 :o _h be5 recomm5d$ = ! position4 ,:o _h be5 refus$ because ( 8 defici5cies 9 ,engli%4 #ba4 ,i c't g1 ,i don't ?9k4 #bb4 ,he 0 a v big & v /rong man4 ,&1 he %\ld h made a great football play]4 #bc4 ,he w surely be elect$1 ,i hav5't any fe>4 #bd4 ,! food 0 good1 & ! s]vice 0 f9e1 b we did n c>e to /ay on acc\nt ( ! wea!r1 :i* 0 ra9y mo/ ( ! "t1 & because x 0 an out-(-!-way place4 #be4 ,he conv]ses intellig5tly & pleasantly1 & nev] gossips1 h5ce he is an agreeable companion4 #bf4 ,he di$ ( smallpox1 & 0 n9ety ye>s old4 #bg4 ,!re 7 tw5ty boys 9 ! class4 ,ea* pa/ tw5ty-five ye>s ( age4 #bh4 ,he is 9 e way honorable1 at lea/ s f> z money matt]s are conc]n$4 #bi4 ,i _h n previ\sly ?\ght ( go+ to college1 b n[ ,i 0 en?usia/ic on ! matt]1 & all my "t 7at lea/ mo/ ( x7 0 devot$ to por+ ov] catalogues1 ( :i* ,i _h a great numb]1 & _m ( :i* ,i knew by he>t f hav+ gone ov] !m s (t51 & f9ally a college 0 select$ :i* seem$ to suit me1 s ,i w5t !re 9 ! fall to /udy *emi/ry4 #cj4 ,he 0 v s5sitive4 ,s t we c\ld tease him v little )\t mak+ him angry4 #ca4 ,!re are a great numb] ( /ations along ?is %ort l9e ( railroad1 ^!1 h[ev]1 d little bus9ess4 #cb4 ,!y /opp$ & ask$ u ! road to ,milton1 & x 0 discov]$ t !y 7 go+ 9 ! wrong direction1 z ,milton lay s\? ( ,williamsport1 & we 7 camp+ tw5ty miles nor?4 #cc4 ,he w mo/ likely be susp5d$1 x may p]haps be4 #cd4 ,t day my c\s9 w5t home1 & ! next day ,john came to sp5d a few h\rs ) me1 & 9 ! aft]noon we drove all ov] ! valley1 b nei!r ( u grew tir$1 because !re 7 s _m ?+s to conv]se ab\t1 & s _m long treasur$ que/ions to ask1 & ,john left 9 ! ev5+1 & !n ,i w5t to b$4 #ce4 ,he has be5 prov$ a gambl]1 !re y h x all4 #cf4 ,mrs4 ,smi? 7^: husb& _h be5 kill$ by a fall+ beam 9 "o ( ! build+s he 0 con/ruct+7 cons5t$ to give u a room & bo>d4 #cg4 ,he read 8 lesson c>efully1 !n he clos$ ! book to ?9k x ov]4 #ch4 ,he is ! mo/ peculi> p]son ,i ev] met--9 ! la/ few ye>s at lea/4 #ci4 ,i am read+ a book1 x is v int]e/+4 #dj4 ,!y get a great deal ( amusem5t :5 he is walk+ 7:i* he does e nice day7 by :i/l+ 9 "t ) 8 /eps4 #da4 ,he gave me ?is book :i* y see1 & ,i h be5 able to get a va/ am\nt ( in=mation out ( x4 #db4 ,x 0 notic$ by ev]yone t he always behav$ well4 ,:5 he 0 9 s*ool4 #dc4 ,! magician 0 pres5t4 ,& pleas$ ev]ybody ) 8 p]=mances4 #dd4 ,because he lik$ music1 ,john 0 consid]$ an odd fell[1 & 8 fa!r 0 dead4 #ib4 ,,coh]5ce4 ,coh]5ce 9 ! s5t5ce dem&s t ! arrangem5t & ! con/ruction ( ! s5t5ce be cle> & free f ambiguity4 #a4 ,frame ! s5t5ce s t x c h b "o possible mean+4 ,wrong3 ,he own$ sev]al dogs & 0 greatly tr\bl$ ) ! mange4 ,"r3 ,he own$ sev]al dogs & 0 greatly tr\bl$ because !y _h ! mange4 ,"r3 ,he 0 greatly tr\bl$ because sev]al ( 8 dogs _h ! mange4 #b4 ,see t ! antec$5t ( e pron\n is cle> & explicit4 ,wrong3 ,! dog 0 bitt5 on ! front foot :i* has s9ce di$4 ,"r3 ,! dog1 :i* has s9ce di$1 0 bitt5 on ! front foot4 ,"r3 ,! dog 0 bitt5 on ! front foot & has s9ce di$4 #c4 ,see t ! ^w to :i* ea* modifi] ref]s is unmi/akable4 a4 ,place e modify+ elem5t z ne> z possible to ! ^w :i* x modifies4 ,wrong3 ,he 0 sitt+ 9 a *air read+ a book made 9 ! mission /yle4 ,"r3 ,he 0 sitt+ 9 a *air made 9 ! mission /yle & 0 read+ a book4 ,"r3 ,he 0 sitt+ read+ a book 9 a *air made 9 ! mission /yle4 ,wrong3 ,! table _h be5 inlaid by 8 fa!r1 conta9+ ov] fifte5 hundr$ pieces4 ,"r3 ,! table1 conta9+ ov] fifte5 hundr$ pieces1 _h be5 inlaid by 8 fa!r4 ,"r3 ,! table conta9$ ov] fifte5 hundr$ pieces & _h be5 inlaid by 8 fa!r4 b4 ,avoid ! squ9t+ con/ruction4 ,by ?is t]m is meant ! plac+ ( a clause s t x is impossible to tell :e!r x ref]s to ! prec$+ or succe$+ "p ( ! s5t5ce4 ,wrong3 ,x w\ld be h>d to expla91 if y 7 to ask me1 :at ! tr\ble 04 ,"r3 ,if y 7 to ask me :at ! tr\ble 01 x w\ld be h>d to expla94 #d4 ,place correlatives s t !re c be no d\bt z to _! (fice4 ,nei!r--nor1 bo?--&1 etc41 are frequ5tly n plac$ next to ! expressions !y are meant to connect4 ,see #hd4 ,wrong3 ,he nei!r br\ght a trunk nor a suit-case4 ,"r3 ,he br\ght nei!r a trunk nor a suit-case4 ,wrong3 ,he n only receiv$ money f 8 fa!r1 b also 8 "m4 ,"r3 ,he receiv$ money n only f 8 fa!r1 b also f 8 "m4 ,"r3 ,he n only receiv$ money f 8 fa!r1 b also receiv$ x f 8 "m4 #e4 ,omit no ^w t is n accurately impli$ 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,wrong3 ,! man nev] has1 & nev] w be successful4 ,"r3 ,! man nev] has be51 & nev] w be successful4 ,wrong3 ,x is no conc]n to him4 ,"r3 ,x is ( no conc]n to him4 #f4 ,use a summ>iz+ ^w1 9 g5]al1 to collect ! p>ts ( a long complex s5t5ce4 ,republicans1 ,democrats1 ,sociali/s1 ,prohibitioni/s1 & ,populi/s--all 7 !re4 #g4 ,express simil> ?\ghts1 :5 connect$ 9 ! same s5t5ce1 9 a simil> mann]4 ,bad3 ,i decid$ on do+ ! "w t night1 & to write x out on ! typewrit]4 ,good3 ,i decid$ to d ! "w t night & to write x out on ! typewrit]4 ,bad3 ,textbooks are go+ out ( use 9 ! mod]n law s*ools1 b "s s*ools /ill use !m4 ,good3 ,textbooks are go+ out ( use 9 ! mod]n law s*ools1 b 9 "s !y are /ill us$4 ,good3 ,?\gh textbooks are go+ out ( use 9 mod]n law s*ools1 !y are /ill us$ 9 "s ( !m4 ,bad3 ,"o %\ld nev] try to avoid "w 9 s*ool1 = y always increase y\r tr\ble by do+ s4 ,good3 ,"o %\ld nev] try to avoid "w 9 s*ool1 = "o always increases 8 tr\ble by do+ s4 ,good3 ,"o usually only increases 8 tr\bles by try+ to avoid "w 9 s*ool4 ,,ex]cise #fh ,po9t out & correct any lack ( coh]5ce t exi/s 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,*ick5 lice are tr\bl+ all ! f>m]s 9 ! /ate4 #b4 ,! /atute requires t "o /udy ?ree ye>s1 & t y pass an exam9ation4 #c4 ,he is home4 #d4 ,ri* & poor1 old & "y1 l>ge & small1 good & bad1 7 9 ! assemblage4 #e4 ,he bo? pres5t$ me ) a gold piece & an increase 9 sal>y4 #f4 ,tell ! doctor1 if he comes be=e sev51 to call4 #g4 ,:5 ! dog came on ! por*1 feel+ playful1 ,i laid aside my pap]4 #h4 ,i only knew ,john4 #i4 ,! c>t 0 pull$ by a man creak+ "u a heavy load4 #aj4 ,john told 8 fa!r t 8 coat 0 too tight = him4 #aa4 ,i n only knew ! presid5t b also ! :ole bo>d ( directors4 #ab4 ,! boxes 7 full ( brok5 glass ) :i* we made fire4 #ac4 ,mrs4 ,smi? wants wa%+4 #ad4 ,a "y woman di$ v sudd5ly la/ ,sunday :ile ,i 0 away f home z a result ( a druggi/'s mi/ake4 #ae4 ,he 0 hit 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duty by a policeman4 #af4 ,a dog has be5 f\nd by ,mrs4 ,jones ) "o black e>4 #ag4 ,9 tak+ ! c5sus innum]able errors are made1 ?us mak+ ! result unreliable4 #ah4 ,x 0 a pleasure to see !m "w & _! good nature4 #ai4 ,! boy w5t to ! tea*] & told him t 8 tr\ble 0 t he us$ ! wrong book4 #bj4 ,john 0 n puni%$ because ( 8 ill heal?1 & he 0 n entirely to blame = x4 #ba4 ,!y said !y saw !m com+ be=e !y saw !m4 #bb4 ,! (fic]s arre/$ ! m5 & !y 7 !n lock$ up4 #bc4 ,y made ! same mi/ake t y n[ make la/ week4 #bd4 ,wi%+ to make no mi/ake ! boy 0 told by him to see ! pr(essor4 #be4 ,x result$ opposite to t 9 :i* x 0 expect$4 #bf4 ,!y are requir$ to report bo? on _! way to "w & com+ home4 #bg4 ,"u 8 direction we 7 taught gramm> & some?+ ( composition 0 tak5 up4 #bh4 ,tak+ all precautions1 a wat*man is on duty e night4 #bi4 ,we tri$ to /udy1 b didn't d any4 #cj4 ,i d n c>e ei!r to see y or ,h5ry4 #ca4 ,he has a numb] ( k5nels ) _m dogs scatt]$ ov] ! f>m4 #cb4 ,mrs4 ,x4 wants a picture ( h] *ildr5 pa9t$ v badly4 #cc4 ,"o ( ! drawbacks to ! "w is t "t is v sc>ce1 9 ?is way limit+ :at c be done4 #cd4 ,! bicycle 0 easy to le>n to ride1 :i* ,i did4 #ce4 ,rails are plac$ along ! sides ( ! bridges1 & horses are =bidd5 to trot ov] !m4 #cf4 ,john told ,h5ry t he ?\ght he ne$$ help4 #cg4 ,he has to /op = re/1 & to avoid gett+ too f> ahead4 #ch4 ,bo>d1 room1 clo!s1 laundry1 & amusem5ts1 are high] !re ?an "h4 #ci4 ,ma!matics is n only necess>y1 b also languages4 #dj4 ,aft] hav+ read ! pro(1 x is roll$ up1 & y mail x back to ! pr9t]4 #da4 ,! baskets 7 unpack$ & ! girls wait$ ^u !m4 #db4 ,!y knew all t 0 to be le>n$1 includ+ ,john4 #dc4 ,we c\ld say t ! great] "p ( u _h bo? se5 ! ,niag>a ,falls & ,canada4 #dd4 ,let him we> a loose %oe t has sore feet4 #de4 ,be+ out ( "w1 & z ,i did n wi% to loaf1 ,i />t$ to s*ool4 #df4 ,he tri$ to /udy unsuccessfully1 & 9 ! end fail$4 #dg4 ,he built a h\se = 8 wife ) sev5 w9d[s4 #dh4 ,he s5t h] an invitation to g = a ride on ! back ( 8 bus9ess c>d4 #di4 ,i saw five automobiles ! o!r night sitt+ on our front door /ep4 #ej4 ,mrs4 ,smi? 0 kill$ la/ night :ile cook+ 9 a dreadful mann]4 #ea4 ,po/ c>ds are bo? increas+ 9 v>iety & beauty4 #eb4 ,he nei!r told ,john nor 8 fa!r4 #ec4 ,m>y told h] "m1 if %e 7 ne$$1 %e w\ld be call$4 #ed4 ,he b\ght a horse :5 t5 ye>s old4 #ee4 ,! *ild ! p>5t (t5 rebuk$4 #ef4 ,sitt+ on a *air ! entire h\se c\ld be wat*$4 #eg4 ,com+ along ! road a peculi> noise 0 he>d by u4 #eh4 ,"u ! en=c$ sanit>y laws p ceas$ to die gradually4 #ei4 ,i knew him z a physician :5 a boy4 #fj4 ,he came lead+ 8 dog on a bicycle4 #fa4 ,:5 want$ he s5t me a lett]4 #ic4 ,,emphasis4 ,emphasis dem&s t ! s5t5ce be s arrang$ t ! pr9cipal idea %all be br\ght into prom95ce & ! m9or details subord9at$4 #a4 ,avoid weak beg9n+s & weak end+s 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,bad3 ,he 0 a /ud5t :o did no?+ "r z a rule4 ,good3 ,he 0 a /ud5t1 :o1 z a rule1 did no?+ "r4 #b4 ,a *ange f ! normal ord] (t5 makes a great *ange 9 emphasis4 ,normal3 ,a lonely owl %riek$ f a ?ick tree n f> back ( our camp4 ,*ang$3 ,f a ?ick tree n f> back ( our camp a lonely owl %riek$4 #c4 ,:]e x is suitable1 arrange words & clauses s z to produce a climax2 i4 e41 h ! mo/ important come la/4 ,bad3 ,human be+s1 dogs1 cats1 horses1 all liv+ ?+s 7 de/roy$4 ,good3 ,cats1 dogs1 horses1 human be+s1 all liv+ ?+s 7 de/roy$4 #d4 ,avoid all words :i* add no?+ to ! ?\ght4 ,bad3 ,he is univ]sally prais$ by all p4 ,good3 ,he is univ]sally prais$4 ,bad3 ,! d>kness 0 absolutely imp5etrable1 & n a ?+ c\ld be se54 ,good3 ,! d>kness 0 absolutely imp5etrable4 ,bad3 ,mr4 ,smi? bids me say t he regrets t a slight indisposition 9 heal? precludes 8 grant+ himself ! pleasure ( accept+ y\r invitation to come to y\r h\se to d9e4 ,good3 ,mr4 ,smi? bids me say t he regrets t sickness prev5ts 8 accept+ y\r invitation to d9e4 ,,ex]cise #fi ,recon/ruct all ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces t violate ! pr9ciples ( emphasis3 #a4 ,*ildr51 wom51 & m5 7 sla9 )\t pity4 #b4 ,i'll prove 8 guilt by means ( m>k$ money1 if ,i c4 #c4 ,mo/ ( ! /ud5ts h done good "w1 al?\gh "s h n4 #d4 ,w y please />t up ! ma*9e4 #e4 ,:]e ignorance leads to a condition ( blissful happ9ess1 x w\ld be folly to seek a condition ( great wisdom4 #f4 ,a man hav+ fooli%ly tri$ to bo>d a mov+ tra9 ye/]day1 0 kill$ by be+ run ov]4 #g4 ,z a mak] ( viol9s he has nev] _h an equal be=e nor s9ce4 #h4 ,all 8 fri5ds 7 collect$ toge!r4 #i4 ,! field 0 s wet t we c\ld n play on x1 except occasionally4 #aj4 ,few 7 sup]ior to him z a sculptor4 #aa4 ,railway companies1 trolley companies1 cable companies1 & ev5 hack l9es 7 affect$ by ! *ange4 #ab4 ,books 7 8 con/ant companions1 & he 0 ) !m always4 #ac4 ,t great1 gaunt mass ( /ones1 rock1 & e>?1 :i* falls ^u y\r vision at ! edge ( ! horizon ( y\r view1 is kn[n by ! appellation ( ,maxon ,m\nta94 #ad4 ,! noise ( tra9s is he>d ceaselessly f morn+ till night1 )\t /opp+ at all4 #ae4 ,he tri$ to d "r s f> z we "k4 #af4 ,t k is ! important ?+ to ga9 beyond all else4 #id4 ,,euphony4 ,euphony dem&s t ! s5t5ce be ( pleas+ s\nd4 #a4 ,avoid repeat+ ! same ^w 9 a s5t5ce4 ,bad3 ,he comm&$ 8 son to obey 8 comm&s4 #b4 ,avoid words & comb9ations ( words t are h>d to pron\nce4 ,bad3 ,he seiz$ quickly a ?ick /ick4 #c4 ,avoid a rhyme & ! repetition ( a simil> syllable4 ,bad3 ,!y w5t = a walk 9 ord] to talk4 ,,ex]cise #gj ,correct su* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces z lack euphony3 #a4 ,9 ! problems1 he solv$ "o once4 #b4 ,mo/ ( ! "t he does ! mo/ he c4 #c4 ,%e worries ab\t :at to we> :]ev] %e goes4 #d4 ,x is impossible = "o to believe t "o s *angeable c be capable ( su* "w4 #e4 ,^? are our books4 #f4 ,e "t !re 0 a *ance = error1 error 0 made4 #g4 ,x is true t ! man spoke truly :5 he said1 ,tru? is /rang] ?an fiction4 #h4 ,! well mu/ h be5 well made1 else x w\ld n h s]v$ s well4 #i4 ,ev]y?+ he said 0 audible ?r\gh\t ! auditorium4 #aj4 ,he act$ v sillily4 #aa4 ,he is /ill worri$ ov] ! ill fulfillm5t ( ,john's promise4 #ab4 ,9 8 lett]s !re is some?+ f9e 9 e l9e4 #ac4 ,!y ord]$ ! memb]s ( ! ord] to pay _! dues4 ,,ex]cise #ga4 ,a ,,g5]al ,,ex]cise ,,on ,,s5t5ces ,revise ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,9 p>5!ses aft] ea* s5t5ce is ! numb] ( ! p>agraph 9 :i* ! error involv$ is set =?3 #a4 ,n only %\ld we g to *ur*1 b also pray]-meet+4 7#ib-d47 #b4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 j above ! horizon1 ,m>s may be readily se5 9 ! ev5+s4 7#ic-a47 #c4 ,!re is no?+ di/9ctive ab\t ! /yle ( ! book1 & x tells ! /ory ( a "y ,russian c\ple4 7#ia-a47 #d4 ,! nasal noise 9 8 enunciation 0 displeas+4 7#id-b47 #e4 ,books1 pap]s1 records1 money1 *ecks1 & receipts1 7 burn$4 7#ib-f47 #f4 ,i tri$ to le>n to write pla9ly1 & h fail$4 7#ib-g47 #g4 ,he has n & nev] w succe$ 9 do+ t4 7#ib-e47 #h4 ,he is sick z a result ( ! picnic1 x may be4 7#ia-b47 #i4 ,f9ally !y /epp$ f ! boat into ! wat]1 & tri$ to move x by all ( !m pu%+4 7#ib-b47 #aj4 ,"o is sure to become dull 9 m9d1 & ill 9 heal?1 if y fail to ex]cise4 7#ic-a47 #aa4 ,! trip 0 comp>atively quickly & easily made4 7#id-a47 #ab4 ,%e 0 ( ord9>y family1 b he didn't ?9k ( criticiz+ t1 s9ce 8 own p>5ts 7 ( ! ,g]man peasantry4 7#ia-d47 #ac4 ,! man 0 s5t5c$ to ei!r be hang$ or life-imprisonm5t4 7#ib-g47 #ad4 ,p ( weal? 7& x is by no means an exception to ! rule7 fail to notice ! mis]y ab\t !m4 7#ia-a-;b47 #ae4 ,!re "o c see miles & miles4 ,= !re are no m\nta9s4 7#ia-c-;a47 #af4 ,%e told h] t %e ?\ght t %e _h come too soon4 7#ib-b47 #ag4 ,by ! judge's mi/ake1 he 0 made a free man1 & />t$ on a c>e] ( crime aga94 7#ic-a47 #ah4 ,flora ,macdonald 0 a g5u9e h]o9e4 7#id-c47 #ai4 ,no criticism 0 made ( ! object1 b ( ! means4 7#ib-e47 #bj4 ,if y obs]ve ! relation ( spell+ to pronunciation1 y w h little tr\ble 9 pronunciation4 7#id-a47 #ba4 ,he ?rew ! /one at ! w9d[4 ,& !n he ran4 7#ia-c47 #bb4 ,! read+ ( ,poe's /ories at lea/ is ent]ta9+1 if n elevat+4 7#ib-c-;b47 #bc4 ,john ! lion kill$4 7#ib-c-;b47 #bd4 ,he arose sudd5ly upsett+ ! table4 7#ib-c-;b47 #be4 ,bridget 0 a fai?ful s]vant1 %e nev] fail$ 9 h] duties = m ?an five ye>s4 7#ia-a-;a47 #bf4 ,in/ead ( six1 n[ f\r ye>s only are to be sp5t 9 college4 7#ib-c-;a47 #bg4 ,we />t$ d[n ! riv] t[>d ,h>risburg4 ,b we did n get v f>4 ,= a /orm soon came ^u u4 7#ia-c47 #bh4 ,he says t he has ! book at 8 home :i* belongs to ,&]son4 7#ib-b74 #bi4 ,i secur$ a horse & w5t = a ride1 & aft] my return1 we _h supp]4 7#ia-d47 #cj4 ,two ( ! company 7 kill$ 9 ! battle4 ,! o!rs escap$ )\t a scrat*4 7#ia-c47 #ca4 ,diff]5t f mo/ p]sons1 he w n m5tion to any "o 8 faults4 7#ib-b47 #cb4 ,n only is ! book int]e/+1 b x is in/ructive also4 7#ic-a47 #cc4 ,may n only he be satisfi$ ) ! result1 b delight$4 7#ib-d47 #cd4 ,ma9 ,/reet is v long1 & ! hotels are on ,m>ket ,/reet4 7#ia-a47 #ce4 ,he saw ! money pass+ ! /ore :i* _h be5 lo/4 7#ib-b47 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,capitalization ,,& ,,punctuation ,,rules ,,= ,,capitalization #ie4 ,capitalize all prop] n\ns & adjectives d]iv$ f prop] n\ns4 ,france1 ,fr5*1 ,p>is1 ,p>isian1 ,john1 etc4 #if4 ,capitalize all titles :5 us$ ) prop] n\ns4 ,capitalize1 also1 ! titles ( gov]nm5tal (fic]s ( high rank ev5 :5 us$ sep>ately4 ,d n capitalize o!r titles :5 us$ sep>ately4 ,uncle ,sam1 ,bi%op ,anselm1 ,pr(essor ,morton1 ! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al1 ,po/ma/] ,smi? ( ,kelley ,cross ,roads1 ! po/ma/] ( ,kelley ,cross ,roads4 #ig4 ,capitalize ! important words 9 titles ( books4 ,! ,ma/] ( ,ballantrae1 ,! ,trail ( ! ,lonesome ,p9e1 ,! ,discov]y ( ,am]ica4 #ih4 ,capitalize ! fir/ ^w ( e s5t5ce1 ( e l9e ( poetry1 & ( e complete s5t5ce t is quot$4 ,he said1 ,is x ,i :om y seek8 ,he said %e 0 a p]fect woman1 nobly plann$4 #ii4 ,capitalize ! words1 "m1 fa!r1 etc41 :5 us$ ) prop] names ( p]sons1 or :5 us$ )\t a possessive pron\n to ref] to "s def9ite p]son4 ,capitalize also1 common n\ns 9 phrases us$ z prop] n\ns4 ,fa!r ,john1 my ,uncle ,john1 my uncle1 if ,uncle writes1 if my uncle writes1 along ! riv]1 along ! ,hudson ,riv]1 ,madison ,squ>e4 #ajj4 ,capitalize ! names1 ,nor?1 ,s\?1 ,ea/1 & ,we/1 :5 ref]r+ to p>ts ( ! c\ntry2 words us$ to "n ! ,deity2 ! words1 ,bible & ,scriptures2 & ! words ,i & ,o1 b n oh unless x is at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce4 ,,ex]cise #gb ,secure five examples "u ea* ( ! above rules1 except ! la/4 ,,rules ,,= ,,punctuation #aja4 ,punctuation %\ld n be done = its own sake1 b simply to make ! mean+ cle>]2 nev] punctuate :]e no punctuation is ne$$4 ,! foll[+ rules ( punctuation are g5]ally accept$3 ,! ,p]iod 747 #ajb4 ,use ! p]iod aft] 7#a7 e complete s5t5ce t is n int]rogative nor exclamatory2 7#b7 aft] e abbreviation2 & 7#c7 aft] ,yes & ,no :5 us$ alone4 ,! ,int]rogation ,po9t 787 #ajc4 ,use ! int]rogation po9t aft] e direct "q4 ,! ,exclamation ,po9t 767 #ajd4 ,use ! exclamation po9t aft] e exclamatory s5t5ce or expression4 ,alas6 ,x is too late4 ,fire if y d>e6 ,! ,comma 717 #aje4 ,use ! comma aft] ea* ^w ( a s]ies ( words t all h ! same grammatical relation to ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 unless conjunctions are us$ betwe5 all ( ^? words4 ,ours is a r$1 :ite1 & blue flag4 ,he talk$1 smok$1 & read4 ,he talk$ & smok$ & read4 ,d n1 h[ev]1 prec$e ! s]ies by a comma4 ,wrong3 ,he lectures on1 ,tuesdays1 ,?ursdays1 & ,fridays4 ,"r3 ,he lectures on ,tuesdays1 ,?ursdays1 & ,fridays4 #ajf4 ,use ! comma to sep>ate two adjectives modify+ ! same n\n1 b n if "o modifies bo? ! o!r adjective & ! n\n4 ,an hone/1 upright man4 ,an old color$ man4 ,a soil$ r$ dress4 #ajg4 ,use ! comma to set (f non-emphatic introductory words or phrases1 & p>ticipial phrases4 ,john1 come "h4 ,by ! way1 did y see ,m>y8 ,aft] hav+ done ?is1 ,cs> cross$ ! ,rubicon4 ,cs> cross$ ! ,rubicon1 ?us tak+ a decisive /ep4 #ajh4 ,use ! comma to set (f appositive expression 7see #bi1 ,note #a71 or a geographical "n t limits a prec$+ "n4 ,he 0 told to see ,dr4 ,morton1 ! pr9cipal ( ! s*ool4 ,muncy1 ,p5nsylvania1 is n spell$ ! same z ,muncie1 ,indiana4 #aji4 ,use ! comma to set (f any s5t5ce elem5t t is plac$ out ( its natural ord]4 ,if x is possible1 he w d x4 ,to mo/ p1 ?is w seem absurd4 #aaj4 ,use ! comma to set (f slightly p>5!tical rem>ks t are ?r[n into ! s5t5ce4 ,if ! break is v m>k$1 use ! da% or p>5!sis4 ,t1 if y w p]mit me to expla91 _c be done )\t p]mission f ! police4 ,two m51 ,*ase & ,arnold1 7 injur$4 ,he1 himself1 said x4 #aaa4 ,use ! comma to set (f explanatory or non-re/rictive clauses1 b n to set (f re/rictive clauses4 7,see #be & #bf47 ,mr4 ,g>dn]1 :o has be5 work+ 9 ! bank1 sang at ! *ur*4 ,b3 ,! ,mr4 ,g>dn] :om y "k is 8 bro!r4 #aab4 ,use ! comma to sep>ate cord9ate clauses t are unit$ by a simple conjunction4 ,he c s+ well1 b he seldom w s+ 9 public4 ,he doesn't wi% to s+1 & ,i d n l to urge him4 #aac4 ,use ! comma to sep>ate ! memb]s ( a comp\nd s5t5ce :5 ^? memb]s are %ort & closely connect$ 9 _! ?\ght4 ,john c>ri$ ! suit-case1 ,i ! hat box1 & ,william ! umbrella4 #aad4 ,use ! comma to sep>ate dep5d5t & conditional clauses introduc$ by su* words z if1 :51 ?\gh1 unless ! connection be close4 ,he did n /op1 ?\gh ,i call$ repeat$ly4 ,y\r solution is "r 9 me?od1 ev5 if y h made a mi/ake 9 ! "w4 ,b3 ,y are wrong :5 y say t4 #aae4 ,use ! comma to set (f %ort1 in=mal quotations1 unless su* quotation is a ^w or phrase closely wov5 into ! s5t5ce4 ,william said1 ,good morn+2 b1 ,hello1 0 ,h5ry's greet+4 ,b3 ,he introduc$ ! man z my di/+ui%$ fri5d4 #aaf4 ,use ! comma to set (f adv]bs & adv]bial phrases2 su* z1 h[ev]1 !n1 also1 = example1 s to speak1 etc4 ,su* a man1 h[ev]1 c seldom be f\nd4 ,?is s5t5ce1 = example1 c be improv$ by *ang+ ! ord]4 #aag4 ,use ! comma :5ev] = any reason !re is any di/9ct pause 9 ! s5t5ce t is n o!rwise indicat$ by punctuation1 or :5ev] some?+ cle>ly is omitt$4 ,we want /ud5ts1 n boys :o simply come to s*ool4 ,cs> _h 8 ,brutus2 ,*>les ! ,fir/1 8 ,cromwell2 444 ,! ,semicolon 727 #aah4 ,use ! semicolon to sep>ate ! clauses ( a comp\nd s5t5ce t are long or t are n jo9$ by conjunctions4 ,he says t he %all tea* = two m ye>s2 !n he %all probably return to college4 #aai4 ,use a semicolon to sep>ate ! clauses ( a comp\nd s5t5ce t are jo9$ by a conjunction1 only :5 x is desirable to indicate a v def9ite pause4 ,i h told y ( ! !ft2 b ,i h yet to tell y ( ! reason = x4 #abj4 ,use a semicolon to sep>ate ! p>ts ( a comp\nd or a complex s5t5ce1 :5 "s ( ^? p>ts are punctuat$ by commas4 ,z m51 we admire ! man t succe$s2 b1 z hone/ m51 we _c admire ! man t succe$s by di%one/y4 ,wrong3 ,he sp5ds 8 money = !atres1 & d9n]s1 & w9e1 & = 8 family he has n a c5t4 ,"r3 ,he sp5ds 8 money = !atres1 & d9n]s1 & w9e2 & = 8 family he has n a c5t4 #aba4 ,use a semicolon be=e c]ta9 adv]bs & adv]bial expressions1 :5 !y occur 9 ! body ( ! s5t5ce & are us$ conjunctively2 su* z1 accord+ly1 besides1 h5ce1 ?us1 !re=e1 etc4 ,i d n c>e to see ! game2 besides1 x is too cold4 ,john is sick2 h[ev]1 ,i ?9k he w be "h4 #abb4 ,use ! semicolon be=e ! expressions1 namely1 z1 t is1 etc41 or be=e _! abbreviations1 viz41 i4e41 etc41 :5 !y are us$ to introduce a s]ies ( p>ticul> t]ms1 simple 9 =m1 :i* are 9 apposition ) a g5]al t]m4 ,at pres5t !re are f\r prom95t political p>ties2 namely1 ! ,republican1 ! ,democratic1 ! ,prohibition1 & ! ,sociali/4 ,! ,colon 737 #abc4 ,use ! colon aft] an introduction to a long or =mal quotation1 be=e an enum]ation1 or aft] a ^w1 phrase1 or s5t5ce t con/itutes an introduction to some?+ t foll[s4 ,mr4 ,roy] says 9 8 lett]3 ,y w rememb] t ,i promis$ to s5d y a copy ( my late/ musical composition4 ,i am mail+ x to y to-day4 ,!re are f\r ess5tials ( a legal contract3 compet5t p>ties1 consid]ation1 agreem5t1 & legal subject matt]4 #abd4 ,use ! colon aft] ! salutation ( a =mal lett]4 7,see #afa47 ,! ,da% 7--7 #abe4 ,use ! da% to indicate any sudd5 break 9 ?\ght or con/ruction4 ,i am pleas$ to meet y1 ,capta9--:at did y say y\r "n is8 ,! man ,i met--,i ref] to ,capta9 ,jones--0 9 ! naval s]vice4 #abf4 ,use ! da% 9 ! place ( ! comma to set (f m def9itely "s "p ( a s5t5ce4 ,i 0 always lack+ :at ,i ne$$ mo/--money4 #abg4 ,use ! da% prec$$ by a comma be=e a ^w :i* sums up ! prec$+ "p ( a s5t5ce4 ,democrats1 ,republicans1 ,prohibitioni/s1 ,sociali/s1 & ,populi/s1--all 7 !re4 #abh4 ,d n use da%es :]e n requir$ or 9 place ( "s o!r m>k ( punctuation4 ,! ,p>5!sis ,m>ks 7 7 #abi4 ,use ! p>5!sis m>ks only to enclose a /atem5t t is ?r[n into ! s5t5ce1 b is grammatically indep5d5t ( x4 ,he belongs 7at lea/ s x is said7 to e secret society 9 t[n4 #acj4 ,d n use a comma or o!r punctuation m>k ) ! p>5!sis m>ks unless x w\ld be requir$ ev5 if !re 7 no p>5!sis4 ,:5 o!r punctuation is us$ x %\ld foll[ ! p>5!sis4 ,!y s5t u 7z !y _h agre$ to d7 all ! pap]s 9 ! case4 ,we expect ,john to br+ 8 roommate home ) him 7he has be5 v anxi\s to d s72 b we expect no "o else4 ,mod]n usage is to avoid entirely ! use ( ! p>5!ses4 ,! ,bracket #aca4 ,use ! bracket to enclose "s /atem5t or ^w ( ! writ] t is ?r[n into a quotation by way ( explanation or o!rwise4 ,8 lett] reads3 ,we h decid$ to get ,mr4 ,h[>d 8 c\s9 to deliv] ! address444 ,! ,quotation ,m>ks 7 7 #acb4 ,use quotation m>ks to enclose quotations ( ! exact language ( ano!r4 ,! ,bible says1 ,*>ity suff]e? long4 #acc4 ,use s+le quotation m>ks 7' '7 to enclose a quotation )9 a quotation4 ,! speak] 9 clos+ said3 ,i c imag9e no m inspir+ words ?an ^? ( ,nelson at ,trafalg>1 ',engl& expects e man to d 8 duty4' #acd4 ,if a quotation consi/s ( sev]al p>agraphs1 quotation m>ks %\ld prec$e ea* p>agraph & foll[ ! la/4 #ace4 ,d n use quotation m>ks to enclose ea* sep>ate s5t5ce ( a s+le cont9u\s quotation4 #acf4 ,d n use quotation m>ks to enclose well-kn[n nicknames1 titles ( books1 prov]bial phrases1 or to indicate "o's own lit]>y inv5tion4 #acg4 ,exam9e ! location ( quotation m>ks & o!r punctuation 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 ,wrong3 ,y may d z y wi%1 he said1 if y only wi% to d "r4 ,"r3 ,y may d z y wi%1 he said1 if y only wi% to d "r4 ,wrong3 ,c y come1 %e ask$8 ,"r3 ,c y come8 %e ask$4 ,! ,apo/rophe 7'7 #ach4 ,use ! apo/rophe to m>k c]ta9 plurals & possessives4 ,see #ac & #ae4 ,use ! apo/rophe to indicate ! omission ( lett]s4 ,doesn't1 ,c't1 ,:at's ! matt]8 ,! ,hyph5 7-7 #aci4 ,use ! hyph5 :5 a ^w mu/ be divid$ at ! end ( a l9e4 ,nev] divide words ( "o syllable1 nor %ort words2 su* z1 ?\gh1 ?r\gh1 also1 besides1 ov]1 etc4 ,nev] divide words except at ! end ( a syllable1 & always put ! hyph5 at ! end ( ! fir/ l9e1 n at ! beg9n+ ( ! second4 ,wrong division3 int-end1 prop-ose1 sup]9t-end5t1 expre-ssion4 ,prop] division3 9-t5d1 pro-pose1 sup]9-t5d5t1 expres-sion4 ,9 writ+ x is good usage n to divide a ^w l expression by plac+ ex on "o l9e & ! re/ ( ! ^w on ! next l9e4 #adj4 ,use ! hyph5 to divide c]ta9 comp\nd words4 ,no rule c be giv5 by :i* to det]m9e :5 comp\nd$ words dem& ! hyph54 ,only cu/om det]m9es4 ,always use a hyph5 ) to-day1 to-morr[1 & to-night4 ,,ex]cise #gc ,punctuate & capitalize ! foll[+ selections4 ,= in/ructions z to p>agraph+ & ! arrangem5t ( conv]sation1 see #adc & #add3 #a4 h[ev] fa!r _h told u n to expect good accommodations because x is a v small t[n #b4 tomorr[ if x is a cle> day we w g to pittsburgh #c4 w t be satisfactory 0 8 "q #d4 x doesnt make any diff]5ce said %e :e!r y come or n #e4 :ats ! matt] ) y john #f4 john repli$ i mean t poem t beg9s ! curfew tolls ! knell ( p>t+ day #g4 & t day i 0 only a *ild !n ,i travell$ all alone to new york city #h4 he is a memb] at lea/ he claims to be ( ! presbyt]ian *ur* #i4 ! au?or says t ! h]o ( wat]loo well+ton 0 a g5]al ( great milit>y tra9+ #aj4 buddhi/ brahm9 mohamm$an *ri/ian jewi% e religion 0 repres5t$ #aa4 8 lett] w tell :at he wants or w attempt to d s #ab4 y w please h& 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces "o ?ree sev5 & n9e #ac4 f\r presid5ts h be5 unit>ians namely ! two adams fillmore & taft #ad4 ! v]se to :i* y ref] is z foll[s ! boa/ ( h]aldry ! pomp ( p[] all t beauty all t weal? e] gave await alike ! inevitable h\r ! pa?s ( glory lead b to ! grave #ae4 a n\n is ! "n ( some?+ z william france book cat #af4 ! tra9 leaves at eight !re=e we %all h to rise at sev5 at late/ #ag4 ! diff]5t po9ts discuss$ are ^! fir/ ! hi/ory ( ! div9e "r !ory second ! expon5ts ( ! !ory & ?ird ! result ( ! !ory #ah4 9 ! fir/ problem divide 9 ! second multiply #ai4 if ! break is slight use a comma if x is m p]ceptible use a semicolon if x is v %>p use a p]iod #bj4 william if y ge> me answ] #ba4 he told "m t he mu/ g home at lea/ t is :at %e und]/ood #bb4 z noise x is an und\bt$ success z music x is a flat failure #bc4 t may be true b i /ill d\bt x #bd4 sep>ate ! clauses by a comma unless ! connection be close #be4 ev5 ?\gh t be true x does n prove :at we want prov$ #bf4 m>y said yes b hel5 said no #bg4 he is call$ ! pe]less lead] #bh4 su* a man = example 0 l9coln #bi4 if z y say x ought to be done :y dont y d x #cj4 t too is a mi/ake #ca4 t is wool n cotton z y seem to ?9k #cb4 ! engli% are /olid ! fr5* lively #cc4 9 t case let u h w> #cd4 su* an op9ion i may say is absurd #ce4 alas :5 i _h notic$ my mi/ake x 0 too late #cf4 ! h\se :i* 0 built by smi? is on ! corn] ( a l>ge lot #cg4 he means ! h\se t has gre5 %utt]s #ch4 ^? are all good books b none ( !m w d #ci4 dick5s wrote ni*olas nickleby hugo les mis]ables ?ack]ay h5ry esmond #dj4 he is a good /ud5t & also a great a?lete #da4 he gave me a r$ silk h&k]*ief #db4 hav+ assign$ ! lesson he left ! room #dc4 roy]s address is danville ill9ois #dd4 y w f9d x discuss$ 9 p>agraphs "o two & ?ree #de4 i _h classes "u ! presid5t dr h>ris #df4 moreov] naxon ! ca%i] has fl$ #dg4 oh t is :at y mean is x #dh4 = ?is y w ne$ a piece ( clean :ite pap] #di4 ! bible says ! "l ?y god is a jeal\s god #ej4 ! b\nd>y ( uncle sams l&s is ! rio gr&e riv] #ea4 !odore roosevelt is n ! only /r5u\s man 9 hi/ory #eb4 ! nor? quickly recov]$ f ! civil w> #ec4 he told "m to write to my uncle ab\t x #ed4 he said !n :y are y "h #ee4 9 t army old "y & middle ag$ m5 s]v$ = _! c\ntry c\ld no long] raise a pick$ army #ef4 he 0 told to ask ! pr9cipal pr(essor morton #eg4 9 ! same t[n muncy lives smi? n[ a respect$ man #eh4 a peasant nam$ ali accord+ to a good old ori5tal /ory ne$+ badly a donkey = "s urg5t "w decid$ to apply to 8 neighbor mehm$ ^: donkey ali knew to be idle 9 ! /able t day i am sorry my de> neighbor said mehm$ 9 reply to alis reque/ b i _c please y my son took ! donkey ?is morn+ to ! next village i assure y insi/$ ali i %all take ! v be/ c>e ( him my de> neighbor c y n take my ^w dem&$ mehm$ ) a %[ ( ang] i tell y ! donkey is out b at ?is po9t ! donkey began to bray l\dly !re t is ! donkey bray+ n[ well said ! ju/ly indignant mehm$ if y w\ld r take my donkeys ^w ?an my ^w we c be fri5ds no long] & "u no circum/ances c i l5d y any?+4 #ei4 a coron] 0 call$ ^u to hold an inque/ ov] ! body ( an italian ! only witness 0 a small boy ( ! same nationality :o spoke no engli% ! exam9ation proce$$ ?us :]e d y live my boy ! boy %ook 8 head d y speak engli% ano!r %ake ( ! head d y speak fr5* ano!r %ake d y speak g]man /ill no answ] h[ old are y no reply h y fa!r & "m no reply d y speak italian ! boy gave no sign well said ! coron] i h que/ion$ ! witness 9 f\r languages & c get no answ] x is useless to proce$ ! c\rt is adj\rn$4 ,,note4 ,fur!r ex]cise 9 punctuation may be _h by copy+ )\t ! m>ks ( punctuation selections f books1 & aft]w>ds ins]t+ ! prop] m>ks4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,p>agraph #ada4 ,! ,,p>agraph is a connect$ s]ies ( s5t5ces all deal+ ) ! developm5t ( a s+le topic4 ,:]e ! g5]al subject "u discussion is v n>r[1 ! p>agraph may con/itute ! :ole composition2 b usually1 x =ms "o ( a numb] ( subtopics1 ea* deal+ ) "s subdivision ( ! g5]al subject4 ,= ea* "o ( ^! subtopics a sep>ate p>agraph %\ld be made4 ,! purpose ( ! p>agraph is to aid ! read] to compreh5d ! ?\ght to be express$4 ,! p>agraph gr\ps 9 a logical way ! diff]5t ideas to be communicat$4 ,x gives re/ to ! eye ( ! read]1 & makes cle>] ! fact t !re is a *ange ( topic at ea* new p>agraph4 #adb4 ,,p>agraph ,,l5g?4 ,!re is no fix$ rule gov]n+ ! prop] l5g? ( ! p>agraph1 b1 probably1 no p>agraph ne$ be m ?an ?ree hundr$ words 9 l5g?4 ,if ! :ole composition is n m ?an two hundr$ & fifty words 9 l5g?1 x w n (t5 ne$ to be subdivid$ into p>agraphs4 ,9 a lett]1 p>agraph+ %\ld be m frequ5t ?an 9 o!r compositions4 ,p>agraph+ %\ld n be too frequ5t4 ,if p>agraph+ is too frequ5t1 by mak+ ea* m9ute subdivision ( equal importance1 x defeats its purpose ( gr\p+ ideas ab\t "s g5]al topic4 #adc4 ,sometimes a s5t5ce or ev5 a "p ( a s5t5ce may be set (f z a sep>ate p>agraph 9 ord] to secure great] emphasis4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only us+ ! p>agraph = a prop] purpose--to aid 9 ga9+ cle>ness4 #add4 ,,p>agraph+ ,,( ,,spee*4 ,9 a n>rative1 ea* direct quotation1 toge!r ) ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce ( :i* x is a "p1 %\ld con/itute a sep>ate p>agraph4 ,?is rule %\ld be always foll[$ 9 writ+ a conv]sation4 ,exam9e ! foll[+3 ,a c]ta9 ,scot* family *]i%es ?is anecdote ( a trip :i* ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson made to ,scotl&4 ,he _h /opp$ at ! h\se ( ?is family = a meal1 & 0 help$ to ! national di%4 ,dur+ ! meal ! ho/ess ask$3 ,dr4 ,johnson1 :at d y ?9k ( our ,scot* bro?8 ,madam1 0 ! answ]1 9 my op9ion x is fit only = pigs4 ,!n h "s m1 said ! woman4 ,! only case 9 :i* ! quot$ words c be deta*$ f ! rema9d] ( ! s5t5ce is :]e !y =m ! end ( ! s5t5ce aft] "s introductory words1 z 9 ! second p>agraph ( ! example j giv54 #ade4 ,,ind5tation ,,( ,,! ,,p>agraph4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce ( ea* new p>agraph %\ld be ind5t$4 ,see example "u #add4 ,no o!r s5t5ce %\ld be s ind5t$4 #adf4 ,! ess5tial qualities :i* ea* p>agraph %\ld h are3 ,unity1 ,coh]5ce1 & ,emphasis4 ,,unity4 ,unity requires t ! p>agraph %\ld deal ) only "o subject1 & %\ld include no?+ :i* does n h a direct be>+ on t subject4 ,?us1 9 ! foll[+ p>agraph1 ! italiciz$ s5t5ce violates ! pr9ciple ( ,unity1 because1 v obvi\sly x belongs to "s o!r p>agraph3 ,nev] did any race receive ! ,gospel ) m ard5t en?usiasm ?an ! ,iri%4 ,/4 ,patrick1 a zeal\s prie/1 0 ?\ght to h bani%$ ! snakes f ! isl&4 ,s en?usia/ic 7 ! ,iri%1 t1 n cont5t ) ! religi\s "w 9 ,irel&1 ! ,iri% ,*ur* s5t out its mission>ies to ,scotl&1 to ,g]many1 & to ! ,alps & ,ap5n9es4 ,x f\nd$ religi\s h\ses & mona/]ies4444 ,sep>ate p>agraphs %\ld n be made ( matt] :i* belongs toge!r4 ,if ! ideas c all be fairly includ$ "u "o g5]al topic1 unity dem&s t !y be gr\p$ 9 "o p>agraph4 ,?us1 9 describ+ ! r\te foll[$ 9 a c]ta9 j\rney1 "o %\ld n use a sep>ate p>agraph = ea* /ep 9 ! j\rney4 ,wrong3 ,9 return+ to ! ,univ]sity1 ,i w5t f ,pittsburgh to ,clevel&4 ,!n ,i took a b]? = ! night on "o ( ! lake /eam]s runn+ f ,clevel& to ,detroit4 ,f ,detroit ,i complet$ ! j\rney to ,ann ,arbor on an e>ly tra9 ! next morn+4 ,if unity is to be secur$1 n only mu/ all ! ideas br\ght out 9 ! p>agraph deal ) ! same topic1 b also1 !y mu/ be develop$ 9 "s consi/5t1 sy/ematic ord]4 ,a c]ta9 po9t ( view %\ld be g5]ally ma9ta9$ z to t5se1 subject1 & mann] ( expression4 #adg4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,ga9 ,,unity4 ,c>eful ?\ght be=e beg9n+ ! p>agraph is necess>y if unity is to be ga9$4 ,! topic ( ! p>agraph %\ld be det]m9$1 & %\ld be cle>ly indicat$ by a topic s5t5ce4 ,usually ?is topic s5t5ce %\ld be plac$ ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! p>agraph4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce is ! cle>e/ & be/ place = x4 ,! topic s5t5ce ne$ n be a =mal /atem5t ( ! subject to be discuss$1 b may be any s5t5ce t %[s :at is to be ! c5tral idea ( ! p>agraph4 ,) ! topic det]m9$1 !re are v>i\s ways ( develop+ x4 ,x may be develop$ by repetition2 by add+ details & specific in/ances to ! g5]al /atem5t2 by pres5t+ pro(2 by illu/ration2 or by %[+ cause or effect4 #adh4 ,exam9e ! foll[+ p>agraphs4 ,ea* possesses ! quality ( unity4 ,! topic s5t5ce 9 ea* case is italiciz$4 ,to rule 0 n en\gh = ,bonap>te4 ,he want$ to amaze1 to dazzle1 to ov]p[] m5's s\ls1 by /rik+1 bold1 magnific5t1 & unanticipat$ results4 ,to gov]n ev] s absolutely w\ld n h satisfi$ him1 if he mu/ h gov]n$ sil5tly4 ,he want$ to reign ?r\gh wond] & awe1 by ! gr&eur & t]ror ( 8 "n1 by displays ( p[] :i* w\ld rivet on him e eye1 & make him ! !me ( e tongue4 ,p[] 0 8 supreme object2 b p[] :i* %\ld be gaz$ at z well z felt1 :i* %\ld /rike m5 z a prodigy1 :i* %\ld %ake old ?rones z an e>?quake1 &1 by ! sudd5ness ( its new creations1 %\ld awak5 some?+ ( ! submissive wond] :i* miracul\s ag5cy inspires4 ,f ,! ,"* ( ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 by ,*ann+4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! v season ( ! ye> t gives a *>m to ! fe/ivity ( ,*ri/mas4 ,at o!r times we d]ive a great portion ( our pleasures f ! m]e beauties ( ,nature4 ,our feel+s sally =? & dissipate !mselves ov] ! sunny l&scape & we live abroad & ev]y:]e4 ,! song ( ! bird1 ! murmur ( ! /ream1 ! brea?+ fragrance ( spr+1 ! s(t voluptu\sness ( summ]1 ! gold5 pomp ( autumn2 e>? ) its mantle ( refre%+ gre51 & heav5 ) its deep delici\s blue & its cl\dy magnific5ce--all fill u ) mute b exquisite delight1 & we revel 9 ! luxury ( m]e s5sation4 ,b 9 ! dep? ( w9t]1 :5 ,nature lies despoil$ ( e *>m1 & wrapp$ 9 h] %r\d ( %eet$ sn[1 we turn our gratifications to moral s\rces4 ,! dre>9ess & desolation ( ! l&scape1 ! %ort gloomy days & d>ksome nights1 :ile !y circumscribe our w&]+s1 %ut 9 also our feel+s f rambl+ abroad1 & make u m ke5ly dispos$ = ! pleasures ( ! social circle4 ,our ?\ghts are m conc5trat$2 our fri5dly sympa?ies m ar\s$4 ,we feel m s5sibly ! *>m ( ea* o!r's society1 & are br\ght m closely toge!r by dep5d5ce on ea* o!r = enjoym5t4 ,he>t calle? unto he>t1 & we draw our pleasures f ! deep wells ( liv+ k9dness :i* lie 9 ! quiet recesses ( our bosoms2 & :i*1 :]e resort$ to1 furni% =? ! pure elem5t ( dome/ic felicity4 ,f ,*ri/mas1 by ,wa%+ton ,irv+4 #adi4 ,,coh]5ce4 ,coh]5ce dem&s t ea* p>agraph %all be p]fectly cle> 9 its mean+1 & t x be s con/ruct$ t x may be readily grasp$ by ! read]4 ,! relation ( s5t5ce to s5t5ce1 ( idea to idea1 mu/ be cle>ly br\ght out4 ,! :ole fabric ( ! p>agraph mu/ be wov5 toge!r--x mu/ n consi/ ( disconnect$ pieces4 #aej4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,ga9 ,,coh]5ce4 ,:]e vividness or "s o!r quality does n ga9 coh]5ce 9 ! s5t5ce1 x is usually ga9$ by ! use ( words or phrases :i* ref] to or help to keep 9 m9d ! effect ( ! prec$+ s5t5ces1 or :i* %[ ! be>+ ( ! s5t5ce on ! p>agraph topic4 ,^! words may be ( v>i\s sorts2 z1 x1 ?is view1 h[ev]1 9 ?is way1 etc4 ,sometimes ! subject is repeat$ occasionally ?r\gh\t ! p>agraph1 or is directly or indirectly indicat$ aga9 at ! end ( ! p>agraph4 ,exam9e c>efully ! foll[+ selections4 ,note ! italiciz$ words ( coh]5ce1 & note 9 ea* case h[ !y aid ! fl[ ( ?\ght f s5t5ce to s5t5ce1 & help to keep 9 m9d ! p>agraph topic4 ,i w give y my op9ion & advice 9 reg>d to ! two books y h nam$4 ,! fir/ is int]e/+ & easy to read4 ,x is1 also1 by no means lack+ 9 ! value ( ! in=mation x pres5ts4 ,b ! second1 :ile x is no less int]e/+ & equally valuable 9 its cont5ts1 seems to me f> m logical & s*ol>ly 9 its con/ruction4 ,9 addition to ?is ,i ?9k y w f9d x *eap] 9 price1 by reason ( its n be+ s pr(usely illu/rat$4 ,!re=e1 ,i %\ld advise y to procure ! second = y\r /udy4 ,ei!r1 inde$1 w d1 b s9ce y h a *oice1 take ! bett] "o4 ,a ,husb&man :o _h a qu>relsome family1 aft] hav+ tri$ 9 va9 to reconcile !m by words1 ?\ght he might m readily prevail by an example4 ,s he call$ 8 sons & bade !m lay a bundle ( /icks be=e him4 ,!n hav+ ti$ !m up into a fagot1 he told ! lads1 "o aft] ano!r1 to take x up & break x4 ,!y all tri$1 b tri$ 9 va94 ,!n1 unty+ ! fagot1 he gave !m ! /icks to break "o by "o4 ,?is !y did ) ! greate/ ease4 ,!n said ! fa!r3 ,?us1 my sons1 z long z y rema9 unit$1 y are a mat* = all y\r enemies2 b diff] & sep>ate1 & y are undone4 sop's ,fables4 ,exam9e also ! selections "u #bje & #bjf4 #aea4 ,,emphasis4 ,! ?ird quality :i* a p>agraph %\ld possess is emphasis4 ,! p>agraph %\ld be s con/itut$ z to br+ into prom95ce ! topic or ! po9t x is int5d$ to pres5t4 ,! places ( greate/ emphasis are usually at ! beg9n+ & at ! end ( ! p>agraph4 ,9 %ort p>agraphs suffici5t emphasis is g5]ally ga9$ by hav+ a topic s5t5ce at ! beg9n+4 ,9 long] p>agraphs x is (t5 well to indicate aga9 ! topic at ! end by way ( summ>y 9 ord] to impress ?or\ghly on ! read] ! effect ( ! p>agraph4 ,,ex]cise #gd ,! few foll[+ sugge/ions = practice 9 p>agraph con/ruction are giv5 by way ( outl9e4 ,additional subjects & ex]cises w readily sugge/ !mselves to tea*] or /ud5t4 ,^! topics are int5d$ to apply only to isolat$ p>agraphs--p>agraph !mes4 ,z has be5 sugge/$1 m latitude 9 ! matt] ( unity is all[$ 9 compositions s brief t m ?an "o p>agraph is unnecess>y4 ,write p>agraphs3 #a4 ,/at+ ! refusal ( a position t has be5 (f]$ to y1 & giv+ y\r reasons = ! refusal4 #b4 ,describ+ ! appe>ance ( "s build+4 ,give ! g5]al appe>ance & !n ! details4 #c4 ,expla9+ h[ to tie a f\r-9-h& necktie4 #d4 ,/at+ y\r reasons = lik+ or n lik+ "s book or play4 #e4 ,describ+ ! p]sonal appe>ance ( "s "o ( y\r acqua9tance4 #f4 ,to prove t ! _w is r\nd4 #g4 ,to prove t x pays to buy good %oes4 7,develop by illu/ration47 #h4 ,%[+ by comp>ison t !re are m advantages 9 city life ?an 9 c\ntry life4 ,write p>agraphs on ! foll[+ subjects3 #i4 ,my ,e>lie/ ,recollection4 #aj4 ,! ,sort ( ,books ,i ,l ,be/4 #aa4 ,:y ,i ,l to ,/udy ,x ,bran*4 #ab4 ,my ,op9ion ( ,my ,relatives4 #ac4 ,! ,man ,i ,room ,)4 #ad4 ,:y ,i ,0 ,late to ,class4 #ae4 ,:at ,i ,d on ,sundays4 #af4 ,h[ to ,prev5t ,tak+ ,cold4 #ag4 ,h[ to ,cure a ,cold4 #ah4 ,my ,be/ ,tea*]4 #ai4 ,my ,favorite ,t[n4 #bj4 ,:y ,i ,g ,fi%+4 #ba4 ,my ,favorite ,mon?4 #bb4 ,:at ,becomes ( ,my ,mat*es4 #bc4 ,baseball is a ,bett] ,game ?an ,football4 #bd4 ,! ,view f ,x ,build+4 #be4 ,:y ,i ,g to ,s*ool4 #bf4 ,my ,op9ion ( ,ra9y ,days4 #bg4 ,my ,mo/ ,useful ,fri5d4 #bh4 ,:y ,i ,dislike ,surprise ,p>ties4 #bi4 ,:y ,i ,l to ,visit at ,x's4 #cj4 ,! ,police ,s]vice ( ,x ,t[n4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,lett]-,,writ+ ,,note ,,to ,,tea*]4--,= ! purpose ( tra9+ 9 composition1 9 ! m elem5t>y "w1 lett]-writ+ af=ds probably ! mo/ feasible & successful means4 ,lett]-writ+ does n dem& any ga!r+ ( mat]ial1 ga9s mu* int]e/1 & af=ds mu* latitude = individual ta/es 9 topics & expression4 ,besides1 lett]-writ+ is ! field 9 :i* almo/ all writt5 composition w be done aft] leav+ s*ool2 & s all tra9+ 9 s*ool w be ?or\ghly useful4 ,= ?is reason1 x is sugge/$ t lett]-writ+ be made "o ( ! *ief fields = composition "w4 ,9 ,ex]cise #ge1 are giv5 a numb] ( sugge/ions = lett]-writ+4 ,o!rs w readily occur to ! tea*]4 ,,! ,,head+ #aeb4 ,,position ,,( ,,head+4 ,9 all bus9ess lett]s ! writ]'s address & ! date ( writ+ %\ld prec$e ! lett] & be plac$ at ! upp] "r h& side ( ! %eet n less ?an an in* f ! top4 ,?is address & date is call$ ! ,,head+4 ,9 fri5dly lett]s ! p>ts ( ! head+ are sometimes plac$ at ! end ( ! lett] on ! left side a %ort di/ance bel[ ! body ( ! lett]4 ,?is is p]missible1 b to place x at ! beg9n+ 9 all lett]s is m logical & cu/om>y4 ,nev] write "p ( ! head+ at ! beg9n+ & "p at ! end ( ! lett]4 #aec4 ,,ord] ,,( ,,head+4 ,! p>ts ( ! head+ %\ld be suffici5t to enable ! accurate address+ ( a reply1 & %\ld be 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 7#a7 ! /reet address1 7#b7 ! t[n or ! city address1 7#c7 ! date4 ,if all _c be easily plac$ on "o l9e1 two or ev5 ?ree l9es %\ld be us$2 b1 9 no case1 %\ld ! above ord] be v>i$4 ,examples3 ,wrong3 ,m>* #ca1 #aiaj1 ,r$ ,oaks1 ,i[a1 #baj ,semple ,/reet4 ,"r3 #baj ,semple ,/reet1 ,r$ ,oaks1 ,i[a1 ,m>* #ca1 #aiaj4 ,"r3 #baj ,semple ,/reet1 ,r$ ,oaks1 ,i[a1 ,m>* #ca1 #aiaj4 ,"r3 #baj ,semple ,/reet1 ,r$ ,oaks1 ,i[a1 ,m>* #ca1 #aiaj4 ,if only two l9es are us$1 put ! writ]'s address on ! fir/ l9e & ! date on ! second4 ,wrong3 ,janu>y #ai1 #aiaj1 ,%>on1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,! ,hotel ,lafayette4 ,"r3 ,! ,hotel ,lafayette1 ,%>on1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,janu>y #ai1 #aiaj4 #aed4 ,,punctuation ,,( ,,head+4 ,place a p]iod aft] ea* abbreviation t is us$4 ,9 addition to ?is1 place commas aft] ! /reet address1 aft] ! t[n address1 aft] ! /ate address1 & aft] ! numb] ( ! day ( ! mon?4 ,place a p]iod aft] ! numb] ( ! ye>4 ,exam9e ! correct address "u #aec4 #aee4 ,,faults ,,to ,,be ,,avoid$ ,,9 ,,head+s4 ,avoid ! use ( abbreviations 9 ! fri5dly lett]1 & avoid _! too frequ5t use 9 ! bus9ess lett]4 ,x is bett] to avoid abbreviat+ any b ! long] names ( /ates4 ,avoid all su* abbreviations z ! foll[+3 ,/4 = ,/reet2 ,ave4 = ,av5ue2 ,ap>t4 = ,ap>tm5ts2 ,*i4 = ,*icago2 ,phila4 = ,philadelphia4 ,wrong3 ,h>die ,ap>t41 ,pbg41 ,pa4 ,"r3 ,h>die ,ap>tm5ts1 ,pittsburg1 ,pa4 ,d n use ! sign be=e ! /reet numb]4 ,d n omit ! ^w ,/reet4 ,wrong3 #bbi ,m>ket4 ,"r3 #bbi ,m>ket ,/reet4 ,d n write ! date ?us3 #i_/aj_/aj4 ,repres5t ! numb]s by figures1 n words4 ,see #ge & #gf4 ,d n use /41 rd41 etc41 aft] ! numb] ( ! day4 ,wrong3 #i_/h_/ji4 ,"r3 ,septemb] #h1 #aiji4 ,wrong3 ,septemb] ! ,n9?1 ,n9ete5 ,hundr$ & ,n9e4 ,"r3 ,septemb] #i1 #aiji4 ,wrong3 ,m>* #aj?1 #aiaj4 ,"r3 ,m>* #aj1 #aiaj4 ,,! ,,inside ,,address #aef4 ,,position ,,( ,,inside ,,address4 ,9 /rictly comm]cial lett]s ! "n & ! address ( ! p]son to :om ! lett] is be+ s5t %\ld come at ! beg9n+ ( ! lett]1 & %\ld beg9 flu% ) ! m>g9 at ! left side ( ! page1 & a little bel[ ! level ( ! head+4 ,! second l9e ( ! inside address %\ld be set 9 a little f ! m>g94 ,see model lett]s "u #agd4 ,9 =mal fri5dly lett]s & 9 lett]s ( a non-comm]cial nature1 ! inside address %\ld /& a little bel[ ! bottom ( ! lett] at ! left side ( ! page4 ,9 in=mal fri5dly lett]s ! inside address may be omitt$4 #aeg4 ,,punctuation ,,( ,,inside ,,address4 ,9 punctuat+ ! inside address1 place a p]iod aft] ea* abbreviation t is us$4 ,9 addition to ?is1 place a comma aft] ! "n ( ! addressee1 a comma aft] ! /reet address1 if "o be giv51 & aft] ! "n ( ! t[n or city4 ,place a p]iod aft] ! "n ( ! /ate or c\ntry4 ,exam9e ! correct inside address "u #agd4 #aeh4 ,,faults ,,to ,,be ,,avoid$ ,,9 ,,! ,,inside ,,address4 ,d n omit ! t[n1 city1 or /ate address f ! inside address4 ,wrong3 ,mr4 ,e4 ,p4 ,griffi?1 ,my de> ,sir3 ,"r3 ,mr4 ,e4 ,p4 ,griffi?4 ,muskogee1 ,oklahoma4 ,my de> ,sir3 ,"r3 ,mr4 ,e4 ,p4 ,griffi?1 #bba ,fiji ,av5ue1 ,muskogee1 ,oklahoma4 ,my de> ,sir3 ,d n omit prop] titles4 ,wrong3 ,r4 ,r4 ,/olz1 ,muncy1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,"r3 ,mr4 ,r4 ,r4 ,/olz1 ,muncy1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,:5 two or m m5 are address$1 d n omit ! title ,mr41 be=e ! "n ( ea* ( ! m51 unless _! names con/itute a p>tn]%ip or trad+ "n4 ,"r3 ,jones ,smi?1 7firm "n7 ,new ,york ,city4 ,g5tlem53 ,"r3 ,mr4 ,jones & ,mr4 ,smi?1 7n a firm "n7 ,new ,york ,city4 ,g5tlem53 ,avoid all abbreviations ( titles prec$+ ! "n except ,mr41 ,mrs41 ,messrs41 & ,dr4 ,abbreviations ( titles plac$ aft] ! "n1 su* z1 ,esq41 ,d4,d41 ,a4,m41 etc41 are prop]4 ,d n use ,mr4 & ,esq4 ) ! same "n4 ,avoid all o!r abbreviations except 9 case ( a /ate ) a v long "n4 ,9 ?is case x is p]missible to abbreviate1 b x is bett] =m to write ! "n 9 full4 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica may be abbreviat$ to ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,wrong3 ,m]*4 ,mfg4 ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,c4 ,g5tlem53 ,"r3 ,! ,m]*ants' ,manufactur+ ,company4 ,new ,york ,city4 ,g5tlem53 ,wrong3 ,mr4 ,william ,%ipp1 ,bangor1 ,me4 ,de> ,sir3 ,"r3 ,mr4 ,william ,%ipp1 ,bangor1 ,ma9e4 ,de> ,sir3 ,d n place a p]iod aft] ! title ,miss4 ,miss is n an abbreviation4 ,,! ,,salutation #aei4 ,,position ,,( ,,salutation4 ,! salutation %\ld beg9 flu% ) ! m>g9 & on ! l9e next bel[ ! inside address4 ,see correctly writt5 lett]s "u #agd4 #afj4 ,,=m ,,( ,,salutation4 ,! salutation v>ies ) ! =m ( ! lett] & ! relations betwe5 ! writ] & receiv] ( ! lett]4 ,:]e ! p>ties are /rang]s or m]e bus9ess acqua9tances ! mo/ common salutations = individuals are1 ,de> ,sir1 ,de> ,madam1 or ,my de> ,sir1 ,my de> ,madam4 ,= a gr\p ( p]sons1 or = a company or a p>tn]%ip1 ,g5tlem51 ,de> ,sirs1 ,de> ,madams or ,mesdames are us$4 ,9 less =mal bus9ess lett]s su* salutations z1 ,my de> ,mr4 ,smi?1 or ,de> ,miss ,jaekel may be us$4 ,9 ! case ( in=mal & fri5dly lett]s1 z 9 bus9ess & =mal lett]s1 ! salutation to be us$ is l>gely a matt] ( ta/e4 ,! foll[+ are illu/rations ( prop] salutations = fri5dly lett]s3 ,my de> ,doctor1 ,de> ,c\s91 ,de> ,c\s9 ,alb]t1 ,de> ,miss ,jaekel1 ,de> ,major1 ,my de> ,miss ,smi?1 ,de> ,william1 ,de> ,fri5d1 etc4 ,x is consid]$ m =mal to prefix ,my to ! salutation4 ,x is ov] =mal to use simply ,sir or ,madam 9 any lett]1 or to use ,de> ,sir or ,de> ,madam :5 writ+ to a famili> fri5d4 ,if "o uses a v famili> salutation1 su* z ,de> ,br[n1 ,de> ,john1 etc41 x is bett] to put ! inside address at ! close ( ! lett]1 or to omit x4 #afa4 ,,punctuation ,,( ,,salutation4 ,punctuate ! salutation ) a colon1 except 9 in=mal lett]s1 :5 a comma may be us$4 #afb4 ,,faults ,,to ,,be ,,avoid$ ,,9 ,,! ,,salutation4 ,use no abbreviations except ,dr41 ,mr41 ,mrs4 ,d n use ! abbreviation ,dr41 :5 t title is us$ z a f9al ^w 9 a salutation4 ,wrong3 ,my de> ,maj4 ,wr53 ,"r3 ,my de> ,major ,wr53 ,wrong3 ,my de> ,dr43 ,"r3 ,my de> ,doctor3 ,d n use a "n alone z a salutation4 ,wrong3 ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,brak]3 ,w y please in=m 444 ,"r3 ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,brak]1 ,muncy1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,de> ,sir3 ,w y please in=m 444 ,9 ! salutation capitalize only ! important n\ns & ! fir/ ^w ( ! salutation4 ,wrong3 ,my ,de> ,sir3 ,"r3 ,my de> ,sir3 ,wrong3 ,my v ,de> ,fri5d3 ,"r3 ,my v de> ,fri5d3 ,wrong3 ,de> sir3 ,"r3 ,de> ,sir3 ,,! ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,lett] #afc4 ,,! ,,subject ,,matt] ,,( ,,! ,,lett]4 ,9 fri5dly lett]s mu* latitude is all[$ 9 ! body ( ! lett]1 b bus9ess lett]s %\ld be brief & to ! po9t4 ,no lett]1 h[ev]1 %\ld be lack+ 9 ! c\rte\s =ms or 9 complet5ess4 #afd4 ,,=m ,,( ,,body4 ,! body ( ! lett] usually beg9s on ! l9e bel[ ! salutation & is ind5t$ ! same di/ance f ! m>g9 z any o!r p>agraph w\ld be ind5t$4 ,see model lett]s "u #agd4 ,9 comm]cial lett]s p>agraph divisions are made m frequ5tly ?an 9 o!r composition4 ,ea* sep>ate po9t %\ld be made ! subject ( a sep>ate p>agraph4 #afe4 ,,faults ,,9 ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,lett]4 ,9 lett]s t are int5d$ to be complete & =mal1 avoid ! omission ( articles1 pron\ns1 & prepositions4 ,avoid also expressions t are grammatically incomplete4 ,only 9 extremely famili> & ha/y lett]s %\ld ! telegraph /yle be adopt$4 ,bad3 ,receiv$ y\rs ( ! #aj?4 ,h _h no *ance to look up man4 ,w d s soon4 ,good3 ,i h receiv$ y\r lett] ( ! t5?4 ,i h _h no *ance z yet to look up ! man1 b ,i w d s soon4 ,bad3 ,address c_/o ,john ,smi?1 ,mgr4 ,p5na4 ,tele4 ,good3 ,address 9 c>e ( ,john ,smi?1 ,manag] ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,telegraph4 ,bad3 ,9 reply w say 444 ,good3 ,9 reply ,i wi% to say 444 ,bad3 ,y\rs ( ! #aj? at h&4 ,good3 ,y\r lett] ( ! #aj? is at h&4 ,bad3 ,y\r favor receiv$ 444 ,good3 ,we h receiv$ y\r lett] 444 ,bad3 ,enclose ,p4 ,o4 money ord] = #b4 ,good3 ,we enclose po/ (fice money ord] = two doll>s1 7#b74 ,bad3 ,we h read y\r plan4 ,same is satisfactory4 ,good3 ,we h read y\r plan1 & x is satisfactory4 ,avoid ! use ( abbreviations 9 ! lett]4 ,x is well to avoid ! too frequ5t use ( ! pron\n ,i 9 ! lett]1 ?\gh c>e mu/ be tak5 n to c>ry ?is caution to extremes4 ,i1 h[ev]1 %\ld n be omitt$ :5 necess>y to ! complet5ess ( ! s5t5ce4 ,d n try to avoid its use by omitt+ x f ! s5t5ce1 b by sub/itut+ a diff]5t =m ( s5t5ce4 ,!re is no objection to beg9n+ a lett] ) ,i4 ,punctuate ! lett] j z c>efully z any o!r composition4 ,except+ 9 lett]s ( a =mal nature1 !re is no objection to ! use ( colloquial expressions su* z c't1 don't1 etc4 ,unless y h "s cle> reason to ! contr>y1 avoid ! use ( expressions t h be5 us$ s mu* t !y are worn out & (t5 almo/ mean+less4 ,su* expressions z ! foll[+ ones are n wrong1 b are (t5 us$ :5 !y are bo? inappropriate & unnecess>y4 ,y\r e/eem$ favor is at h&4 ,9 reply p]mit me to say 444 ,we beg leave to advise 444 ,we beg to sugge/ 444 ,?ank+ y = ! favor1 we are 444 ,please f9d enclos$ 444 ,9 answ] to y\r favor ( ! t5? 444 ,we take pleasure 9 in=m+ y 444 ,9 reply w\ld say 444 ,we beg to ackn[l$ge receipt ( y\r favor 444 ,await+ y\r fur!r ord]s1 we are 444 ,,! ,,close #aff4 ,,f9al ,,words4 ,bus9ess lett]s frequ5tly close ) "s f9al words1 su* z1 ,?ank+ y aga9 = y\r k9d assi/ance1 ,i am 4441 ,a wait+ y\r fur!r ord]s1 we are 4441 etc4 ,^! expressions are n wrong1 b are (t5 us$ :5 n at all necess>y4 #afg4 ,,! ,,complim5t>y ,,close4 ,! complim5t>y close %\ld be writt5 on a sep>ate l9e ne> ! middle ( ! page1 & %\ld beg9 ) a capital lett]4 ,appropriat5ess is ! only guide to ! *oice ( a complim5t>y close4 ,! foll[+ complim5t>y closes are prop] = bus9ess lett]s3 ,y\rs respectfully1 ,y\rs v truly1 ,y\rs truly1 ,v truly y\rs1 ,! foll[+ complim5t>y closes are prop] = fri5dly lett]s3 ,y\rs s9c]ely1 ,v truly y\rs1 ,y\rs v truly1 ,y\r lov+ son1 ,y\rs cordially1 ,affectionately y\rs1 #afh4 ,,faults ,,9 ,,! ,,close4 ,d n use abbreviations1 su* z1 ,yrs4 respy41 yrs4 try41 etc4 #afi4 ,,! ,,signature ,,( ,,! ,,writ]4 ,! lett] %\ld be s sign$ z to cause no d\bt or emb>rassm5t to any "o address+ a reply4 ,! signature %\ld %[ :e!r ! writ] is a man or a woman2 &1 if a woman1 x %\ld indicate :e!r %e is to be address$ z ,miss or ,mrs4 ,9 =mal lett]s x is cu/om>y = a woman to indicate h[ %e is to be address$ by sign+ h] "n 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,c>ol9e ,jones4 7,mrs4 ,william ,jones74 ,v truly y\rs1 7,miss7 ,matilda ,/eph5s4 ,9 sign+ a company "n write fir/ ! "n ( ! company1 & aft] x ! "n ( ! writ]4 ,example3 ,d4 ,appleton ,company1 p] ,j4 ,w4 ,mill]4 ,,miscellane\s ,,directions #agj4 ,9 beg9n+ ! lett]1 place ! address & date an in* & a half or two in*es bel[ ! top ( ! page4 ,leave a m>g9 ( ab\t a half in* or m on ! left side ( ! page4 ,ind5t ! beg9n+ ( ea* p>agraph ab\t an in* or m beyond ! m>g94 ,9 us+ a f\r-page %eet1 write on ! pages 9 _! ord]1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,9 ! correctly writt5 =ms ( lett]s "u #agd obs]ve ! ind5tation ( ! l9es4 ,! fir/ l9e ( ! inside address %\ld be flu% ) ! m>g91 ! second some:at set 94 ,! salutation %\ld beg9 flu% ) ! m>g94 ,! body ( ! lett] %\ld beg9 on ! l9e bel[ ! salutation1 & "s di/ance 9 f ! m>g94 ,,! ,,outside ,,address #aga4 ,,position ,,( ,,outside ,,address4 ,place ! address on ! envelope s t x balances well4 ,d n h x too f> t[>d ! top1 too close to ! bottom1 nor too f> to "o side4 ,see address$ envelope "u #agc4 ,place ! /amp squ>ely 9 ! upp] "r-h& corn]1 n obliquely to ! sides ( ! envelope4 #agb4 ,,punctuation ,,( ,,outside ,,address4 ,punctuation may be omitt$ at ! end ( ! l9es ( ! address4 ,if x is us$1 place a p]iod at ! end ( ! la/ l9e1 & a comma aft] ea* prec$+ l9e4 ,)9 ! l9es punctuate j z y w\ld 9 ! inside address4 ,if an abbreviation ends ! l9e1 always place a p]iod aft] x1 :e!r ! o!r l9es are punctuat$ or n4 #agc4 ,,faults ,,9 ,,! ,,outside ,,address4 ,avoid ! use ( abbreviations except ^? t w\ld be prop] 9 ! inside address or 9 ! head+4 ,see #aee & #aeh4 ,d n use ! sign be=e ! numb] ( ! /reet address4 ,no lett]s or sign at all %\ld be us$ !re4 ,see #aee4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ =ms ( addresses3 ,bad3 ,col4 ,wm4 ,po9t1 #bjj ,john ,/41 ,tr5ton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,good3 ,colonel ,william ,po9t1 #bjj ,john ,/reet1 ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,good3 ,colonel ,william ,po9t #bjj ,john ,/reet ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey ,bad3 ,*as4 ,jones1 c_/o ,edw>d ,furrey1 ,wilk9sburg1 ,pa4 ,good3 ,mr4 ,*>les ,jones ,9 c>e ( ,mr4 ,edw>d ,furrey ,wilk9sburg ,p5nsylvania ,bad3 ,rev4 ,walt] ,b]t9 ,good3 ,! ,rev]5d ,walt] ,b]t9 ,bad3 ,pres4 ( ,bucknell ,univ4 ,good3 ,= ! ,presid5t ( ,bucknell ,univ]sity4 ,a prop]ly arrang$ address3 ,illu/ration3 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,d4 ,roy]1 #bja ,t5? ,/reet1 ,danville1 ,ill9ois4 #agd4 ,,correctly ,,writt5 ,,lett]s #bjj ,mead ,av5ue1 ,wilk9sburg1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,janu>y #ab1 #aiji4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,m4 ,weav]1 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts4 ,my de> ,sir3 ,i h receiv$ y\r lett] ( inquiry ab\t ! sale ( my law books4 ,i w say 9 answ] t at pres5t ,i h no int5tion ( sell+ !m4 ,y may1 h[ev]1 be able to secure :at y want f ,h4 ,b4 ,wassel1 ,esquire1 ,commonweal? ,build+1 ,pittsburg1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,he has adv]tis$ ! sale ( a r ext5sive li/ ( books4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,*>les ,m4 ,h[ell4 ,muncy1 ,new ,york1 ,janu>y #ab1 #aiji4 ,my de> ,pr(essor ,morton3 ,we are try+ to e/abli% 9 ! s*ool "h "s p]man5t sy/em ( keep+ /ud5ts' records4 ,i h be5 told t y h work$ out a c>d me?od t op]ates successfully4 ,if y c give me any in=mation 9 reg>d to y\r me?od1 ,i %all consid] x a v great favor4 ,i enclose a /amp$ envelope = y\r reply4 ,v s9c]ely y\rs1 ,h>ris ,a4 ,plotts4 ,pr(essor ,e4 ,a4 ,morton1 ,braddock1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,braddock1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,janu>y #ab1 #aiji4 ,my de> ,mrs4 ,hagon3 ,i wi% to ?ank y = y\r k9d aid 9 secur+ ,capta9 ,h[>d to deliv] "o ( ! lectures 9 our c\rse4 ,only y\r influ5ce enabl$ u to get s good a man at s ,i[a price4 ,v s9c]ely1 ,sylve/] ,d4 ,dunlop4 #agc ,/ate ,/reet1 ,detroit1 ,mi*igan1 ,janu>y #bc1 #aiaj4 ,to :om x may conc]n3 ,x gives me great pleasure to te/ify to ! "*1 ability & atta9m5ts ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,heid5rei*4 ,he has be5 a tru/$ p]sonal associate ( m9e = m ?an tw5ty ye>s4 ,he may be c\nt$ ^u to d successfully any?+ t he is will+ to und]take4 ,h>ry ,b4 ,hut*9s4 ,my de> ,walt]3 ,i am to be 9 ! city only a few m weeks be=e leav+ p]man5tly4 ,be=e ,i g1 ,i %\ld l to h y come out & take d9n] ) me "s ev5+4 ,h[ w\ld next ,w$nesday at six o'clock suit y8 ,if y c come at t "t1 w y please write or telephone to me sometime be=e ,tuesday8 ,v cordially y\rs1 ,paul ,b4 ,v&9e4 #feef ,broad ,/reet1 ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>* #cj1 #aiji4 ,! ,lafayette1 ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>* #ca1 #aiji4 ,my de> ,paul3 ,i %all be v glad to accept y\r invitation to take d9n] ) y be=e y take f9al leave ( ! city4 ,! "t y m5tion1 next ,w$nesday ev5+1 is entirely satisfactory to me4 ,i 0 m ?an pleas$ to receive y\r invitation1 = ! prospect ( talk+ ov] old times ) y is delightful4 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,walt] ,p[ell4 ,napoleon1 ,ohio1 ,febru>y #bh1 #aijh4 ,! ,am]ican ,/ove ,company1 ,alv]ton1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,g5tlem53 ,) ?is lett] ,i enclose a *eck = t5 doll>s1 = :i* please s5d me "o ( y\r small cook /oves1 ( ! sort li/$ 9 y\r catalogue on page two hundr$ ?irty-eight4 ,x w be a great favor if y w ha/5 ! %ipm5t ( ?is /ove z mu* z possible1 s9ce x is urg5tly ne$$ 9 a summ] cottage t ,i h = r5t4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,erne/ ,burr[s4 #bbc ,siegel ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city1 ,june #e1 #aiaj4 ,! ,acme ,tape/ry ,company1 ,syracuse1 ,new ,york4 ,de> ,sirs3 ,w y please s5d me a price li/ & descriptive catalogue ( y\r tape/ries & c>pets8 ,i h be5 commission$ to pur*ase all ! tape/ries & c>pets t may be ne$$ = ! new ,"y ,wom5's ,*ri/ian ,association ,build+1 on ,arl+ton ,av5ue1 ?is city4 ,i und]/& t in/itutions ( ?is sort are all[$ a t5 p] c5t disc\nt by y4 ,w y please tell me if ?is is true8 ,v truly y\rs1 ,anna ,r4 ,fleegor4 7,mrs4 ,c4 ,c4 ,fleegor47 ,lewisburg1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,may #aj1 #aiaj4 ,! ,m]*ant's ,electric ,wir+ ,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,g5tlem53 ,i am writ+ to ask if y c give me employm5t 9 y\r "w = ab\t t5 weeks beg9n+ ,june #ae?4 ,i am at pres5t tak+ a c\rse 9 electrical eng9e]+ at ,bucknell ,univ]sity1 & am 9 my sophomore ye>41 ,x is my plan to ga9 "s practical exp]i5ce 9 v>i\s sorts ( electrical "w dur+ ! vacations occurr+ 9 my c\rse4 ,?is summ] ,i want to secure practical exp]i5ce 9 electric wir+4 ,if y wi% ref]5ces z to my "* & ability1 ,i w\ld ref] y to ,mr4 ,william ,r4 ,/ev5son1 ,lewisburg1 ,p5nsylvania1 & to ,mr4 ,h>ry ,e4 ,mc,cormick1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,/reet ,railways ,company1 ,danville1 ,ill9ois4 ,sal>y is a v slight object to me 9 ?is "w1 & ,i %all be will+ to accept :atev] comp5sation y may see fit to (f] me4 ,respectfully y\rs1 ,h>vey ,h4 ,wilk9s4 ,drawsburg1 ,ohio1 ,may #ba1 #aiaj4 ,my de> ,norman3 ,i h j he>d ( y\r good =tune & ha/5 to assure y ( my s9c]e pleasure 9 ! news4 ,may y f9d happ9ess & prosp]ity 9 y\r new location4 ,b d n =get t y\r old fri5ds are /ill liv+ & w always be int]e/$ 9 y\r welf>e4 ,y\r affectionate c\s91 ,m>y ,e4 ,john/on4 #bbc ,holbrook ,av5ue1 ,wilk9sburg1 ,indiana4 ,novemb] #aj1 #aijh4 ,! ,jeff]son ,life ,insurance ,company1 ,norfolk1 ,virg9ia4 ,g5tlem53 ,i am ! hold] ( ,policy ,numb] #biai 9 y\r company4 ,9 t ,policy1 :i* 0 tak5 out ab\t t5 ye>s ago1 my occupation is /at$ to be c>p5t]4 ,lately ,i h *ang$ occupations1 & am n[ engag$ 9 conduct+ a /ore4 ,if1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! validity ( my policy1 ! *ange ( occupation %\ld be record$ on y\r books1 w y please h ! prop] entry made4 ,i %\ld l to "k if at ! pres5t "t my policy has any ca% surr5d] value1 & if s1 :at t value is4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,ar?ur ,j4 ,pe>se4 ,bunnell ,build+1 ,scranton1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,april #bj1 #aiji4 ,mr4 ,james ,r4 ,elliot1 ,g]mant[n1 ,colorado4 ,my de> ,elliot3 ,w y please s5d me1 z soon z y conv5i5tly c1 ! addresses ( ,george ,engli%1 ,ira ,s4 ,%eph]d1 & ,g4 ,n4 ,wilk9son4 ,?is reque/ = addresses may lead y to ?9k t w$d+ invitations are to be look$ =4 ,y\r conclusion1 ,i am happy to say1 is a correct "o2 ,i expect to be m>ri$ sometime 9 ,june4 ,cordially y\r fri5d1 ,*>les ,r4 ,h>ris4 ,! ,anglo-,am]ican ,hotel1 ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 ,m>* #ai1 #aijg4 ,de> ,aunt ,emily3 ,y w no d\bt be surpris$ :5 y read ! head+ ( ?is lett] & le>n t we are n[ 9 ,vi5na4 ,we _h really int5d$1 z ,i wrote to y1 to sp5d ! entire mon?s ( ,m>* & ,april 9 ,b]l91 b a sudd5 :im s5t u on to ?is city4 ,until we came to ,vi5na ,i _h b a v vague idea ( ! city1 & ?\ght x a place ( little int]e/4 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d x a place ( s _m beautiful build+s & beautiful /reets4 ,/ill m 0 ,i surpris$ to f9d :at a fe/ive1 /yli% place x is4 ,p>is may h ! reputation = fa%ion & frivolity1 b ,vi5na lacks only ! reputation2 x c]ta9ly does n lack ! fa%ionable & frivol\s air4 ,! o!r day 9 "o ( ! %ops "h1 ,i discov]$1 z ,i ?\ght1 a v f9e m9iature4 ,i pur*as$ x to pres5t to y1 & h already s5t x by po/4 ,x ought to rea* y z soon z ?is lett]4 ,we h n receiv$ ! usual lett] f y ?is week1 b suppose x is because we s sudd5ly *ang$ our address4 ,! necessity ( =w>d+ x f ,b]l9 has probably caus$ ! delay4 ,fa!r & ,"m jo9 9 s5d+ _! love to y4 ,y\r affectionate niece1 ,m>y4 ,,notes ,,9 ,,! ,,?ird ,,p]son #age4 ,x is cu/om>y & desirable to write c]ta9 k9ds ( notes 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,su* a note conta9s no?+ b ! body ( ! note1 foll[$ at ! left side ( ! pap]1 by ! "t & ! place ( writ+4 ,use no pron\n b t ( ! ?ird p]son4 ,nev] use any head+1 salutation1 or signature4 ,use no abbreviations except ,mr41 ,mrs41 or ,dr4 ,spell out all dates4 #agf4 ,,correctly ,,writt5 ,,notes ,,9 ,,! ,,?ird ,,p]son4 ,mrs4 ,h>ry ,moore reque/s ! pleasure ( ,mr4 ,leigh\'s company at d9n] on ,sunday1 ,june ! fir/1 at two o'clock4 #ajbj ,highl& ,/reet1 ,wa%+ton1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,may ! tw5ty-fif?4 ,! ,s5ior ,class ( ,bucknell ,univ]sity reque/s ! pleasure ( ,pr(essor & ,mrs4 ,morton's company on ,tuesday ev5+1 ,june ! t5?1 at a reception 9 honor ( ,gov]nor ,edw9 ,s4 ,/u>t4 ,bucknell ,univ]sity1 ,june ! fif?4 ,mr4 ,leigh\ regrets t a previ\s engagem5t prev5ts 8 acceptance ( ,mrs4 ,moore's k9d invitation = ,sunday1 ,june ! fir/4 #aaj ,braddock ,av5ue1 ,may ! tw5ty-sev5?4 ,,ex]cise #ge ,make use ( "s ( ! foll[+ sugge/ions = lett]s4 ,h e lett] complete 9 all its =mal p>ts4 ,fill 9 details accord+ to y\r own fancy3 #a4 ,a lett] to ! ,x ,express ,company ( y\r t[n1 compla9+ ( _! delay 9 deliv]+ a package to y4 #b4 ,a lett] to a fri5d1 ?ank+ him = ! ent]ta9m5t af=d$ y on a rec5t visit to 8 h\se4 #c4 ,a lett] to ! ,x ,book ,company1 inquir+ :at diction>y !y publi%1 ! prices1 etc4 #d4 ,a lett] to ,mr4 ,x1 ask+ him = a position 9 8 (fice1 & /at+ y\r qualifications4 #e4 ,a lett] congratulat+ a fri5d on "s good =tune t has befall5 him4 #f4 ,a lett] ask+ a fri5d 8 op9ion ( "s bus9ess v5ture t y are ?9k+ ( ent]+ ^u4 ,expla9 ! v5ture4 #g4 ,a lett] to y\r home1 describ+ to y\r p>5ts y\r s*ool4 #h4 ,a lett] to a fri5d1 tell+ him ( ! *ance meet+ ) "s fri5d4 #i4 ,a lett] to ! ,x /ore ord]+ f !m mat]ial = cov]+ a canoe t y are build+4 ,expla9 y\r ne$s4 #aj4 ,a lett] describ+ exp]i5ces :i* y _h on y\r vacation4 #aa4 ,a lett] arrang+ to meet a fri5d at a c]ta9 place1 "t1 etc4 #ab4 ,a lett] expla9+ h[ to rea* y\r home f ! railway /ation4 ,leave no d\bt4 #ac4 ,a lett] describ+ "s new acqua9tance4 #ad4 ,a lett] tell+ "s humor\s /ory t y h rec5tly he>d4 #ae4 ,a lett] to a relative tell+ him ! rec5t occurr5ces 9 y\r t[n4 #af4 ,a lett] detail+ y\r plans = ! succe$+ ye>4 #ag4 ,a lett] describ+ "s play :i* y h rec5tly att5d$4 #ah4 ,a lett] to y\r p>5ts expla9+ to !m :y y fail$ 9 an exam9ation4 #ai4 ,a lett] invit+ a fri5d to visit y at a c]ta9 "t4 #bj4 ,a lett] accept+ an invitation to visit a fri5d4 #ba4 ,a lett] /at+ y\r op9ions on "s public "q2 z1 prohibition1 woman suffrage1 etc4 #bb4 ,a lett] discuss+ ! baseball prospects 9 y\r t[n or s*ool4 #bc4 ,a lett] to ! ,x s*ool1 inquir+ ab\t c\rses ( /udy giv51 prices1 etc4 #bd4 ,a =mal ?ird p]son invitation to a reception giv5 to "s organization to :i* y belong4 #be4 ,a =mal ?ird p]son acceptance ( su* invitation4 #bf4 ,a travel lett] describ+ y\r visit to v>i\s places ( int]e/4 #bg4 ,a lett] describ+ a day's out+ to a fri5d :o 0 unable to g ) y4 #bh4 ,a lett] describ+ a h\se to a man :o wi%es to pur*ase x4 #bi4 ,a lett] to a s*oolmate describ+ to him v>i\s ev5ts :i* happ5$ at s*ool dur+ 8 abs5ce4 #cj4 ,a lett] 9 reply to an inquiry f a fri5d z to :at outfit he w ne$ to take along on a prospective camp+ trip4 #ca4 ,a lett] describ+ to a fri5d ! appe>ance & *>act]i/ics ( a dog :i* y h lately b\ght4 #cb4 ,a lett] to y\r p>5ts tell+ !m ( y\r bo>d+ place1 y\r rec5t visit to ! !at]1 y\r meet+ an old fri5d1 y\r "w1 y\r new acqua9tances4 ,arrange ! topics & make ! transition z smoo? z possible4 #cc4 ,a lett] tell+ ab\t an int5d$ celebration by ! s*ool ( "s national holiday4 #cd4 ,a lett] ab\t a lecture t y rec5tly att5d$4 ,describe ! place1 occasion1 lectur]1 address1 etc4 #ce4 ,a lett] tell+ a fri5d ! fir/ impression y =m$ ( y\r s*ool4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,:ole ,,composition #agg4 ,by ! t]m ,,:ole ,,composition or ,,!me is meant a composition consi/+ ( a numb] ( relat$ p>agraphs all deal+ ) "o g5]al subject1 :e!r ! composition be a n>ration1 a description1 or an exposition4 ,! foll[+ g5]al pr9ciples apply+ to ! con/ruction ( ! :ole composition are /at$ = ! guidance ( ! inexp]i5c$ writ]4 #agh4 ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,subject4 ,c>e %\ld be us$ 9 ! /atem5t ( ! subject4 ,x %\ld n be s /at$ z to be m compreh5sive ?an ! composition1 b %\ld be limit$ to cov] only :at is discuss$4 ,= a small essay1 in/ead ( a big subject1 take "s limit$ phase ( t subject3 ,too broad3 ,college1 ,photography1 ,picnics4 ,prop]ly limit$3 ,a ,college ,education z an ,aid to ,e>n+ ,p[]1 ,does ,college ,life ,make ,loaf]s8 ,photography z a ,recreation1 ,h[ ,picnics ,help ! ,doctor4 #agi4 ,,! ,,outl9e4 ,j z 9 ! build+ ( a h\se or ( a ma*9e1 if any?+ cr$itable is to be atta9$1 a c>efully made plan is necess>y be=e ent]+ on ! con/ruction2 s 9 ! writ+ ( an essay or !me1 !re %\ld be made "s plan or outl9e1 :i* w det]m9e :at diff]5t ?+s are to be discuss$1 & :at is to be ! me?od ( develop+ ! discussion4 ,by ! inexp]i5c$ writ]1 at lea/1 a composition %\ld nev] be begun until an outl9e has be5 =m$ = its developm5t4 ,z soon z ! mat]ial = ! composition is 9 h&1 ! outl9e %\ld be made4 ,x %\ld be an aid 9 ! con/ruction ( ! composition1 n a ?+ to be d]iv$ aft] ! composition is complet$4 ,only by ! previ\s mak+ ( an outl9e c a logical arrangem5t be ga9$1 topics prop]ly subord9at$1 & a suitable proportion secur$ 9 _! discussion4 ,9 ! previ\s *apt] on ! p>agraph ! foll[+ diff]5t subtopics1 7 discuss$3 ,def9ition ( ,p>agraph4 ,h[ to ,secure ,unity4 ,l5g? ( ,p>agraph4 ,h[ to ,secure ,coh]5ce4 ,! ,topic ,s5t5ce4 ,too ,frequ5t ,p>agraph+4 ,unity 9 ! ,p>agraph4 ,p>agraph+ ( ,spee*4 ,coh]5ce 9 ! ,p>agraph4 ,p>agraph+ = ,emphasis4 ,examples ( ,unity4 ,examples %[+ h[ ,unity is ,purpose ( ! ,p>agraph4 ,de/roy$4 ,emphasis 9 ! ,p>agraph4 ,! ,p>agraph ,!me4 ,if ! topics _h be5 tak5 up 9 ! above irregul> ord]1 a sorry result w\ld h be5 obta9$4 ,comp>e ! above li/ ( topics ) ! foll[+ arrangem5t ( ! same topics 9 a logical outl9e4 ,,! ,,p>agraph #a4 ,its def9ition & purpose4 #b4 ,its l5g?4 ,p>agraph+ ( spee*4 ,p>agraph+ = emphasis4 ,too frequ5t p>agraph+4 #c4 ,its ess5tial qualities4 ,a4 ,unity4 ,def9ition4 ,examples %[+ h[ unity is de/roy$4 ,h[ to secure unity4 ,! topic s5t5ce4 ,developm5t ( topic s5t5ce4 ,examples %[+ unity4 ,b4 ,coh]5ce4 ,def9ition4 ,h[ to secure coh]5ce4 ,examples %[+ coh]5ce4 ,c4 ,emphasis4 ,places ( emphasis 9 ! p>agraph4 #d4 ,practical con/ruction ( ! p>agraph4 #e4 ,! p>agraph !me4 #ahj4 ,,use ,,& ,,qualities ,,( ,,! ,,outl9e4 ,! use ( ! outl9e is n re/rict$ to an expository composition1 z above1 b is also necess>y 9 n>ration & description4 ,usually1 9 a n>ration1 ! ord] ( "t 9 :i* ev5ts occurr$1 is ! be/ ord] 9 :i* to pres5t !m1 ?\gh o!r arrangem5ts may frequ5tly be foll[$ ) v good reason4 ,9 a description diff]5t me?ods may be foll[$4 ,(t5 a g5]al description is giv51 & !n foll[$ by a /atem5t ( v>i\s details4 ,?us1 9 describ+ a build+1 "o might fir/ describe 9 a g5]al way its size1 its g5]al /yle ( ar*itecture1 & ! impression x makes on ! obs]v]4 ,!n m p>ticul> description might be made ( its details ( arrangem5t & peculi>ities ( ar*itecture & ornam5tation4 ,! :ole object ( ! outl9e is to secure cle>ness ( /atem5t & to avoid confusion & repetition4 ,to secure ?is end ! outl9e %\ld pres5t a few ma9 topics to :i* all o!rs ei!r lead up or ^u :i* !y dep5d4 ,^! topics or subtopics %\ld all be> "s app>5t & logical relation to "o ano!r4 ,! relation may be t ( *ronology2 t ( g5]al /atem5t foll[$ by details2 t ( cause & effect2 or any o!r relation1 s long z x is a logical & natural "o4 ,! outl9e %\ld n be too m9ute & detail$4 ,x %\ld be suffici5t only to cov] ! v>i\s divisions ( ! subject-matt]1 & to prev5t ! confusion ( subtopics4 ,a too detail$ outl9e t5ds to make ! composition /iff & =mal4 ,! outl9e %\ld h proportion4 ,! ess5tial features ( ! subject %\ld be ! ma9 topics4 ,m9or subjects %\ld n be giv5 too great prom95ce1 b %\ld be subord9at$ to ! ma9 topics4 #aha4 ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,composition4 ,to *oose a me?od ( beg9n+ a composition (t5 causes tr\ble4 ,usually a simple1 direct beg9n+ is ! be/4 ,b sometimes an introductory p>agraph is necess>y 9 ord] to expla9 ! writ]'s po9t ( view1 or to indicate to :at phases ( ! subject att5tion is to be giv54 ,exam9e ! foll[+ me?ods ( beg9n+4 ,,! ,,indu/ry ,,( ,,lawy] ,oddly en\gh1 h>dly any notice is tak5 ( an indu/ry 9 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates t[]s 9 unapproa*able supremacy above all o!r nations ( ! e>?4 ,! c5sus does n say a ^w ab\t x1 nor does !re exi/ m ?an ! m]e/ ^w ab\t x 9 all ! lit]ature ( ,am]ican self-praise4 ,,my ,,*ildhood ,,fe> ,,( ,,gho/s ,no?+ /&s out m ke5ly 9 ! recollection ( my *ildhood1 ?an ! feel+s ( t]ror :i* ,i exp]i5c$ :5 =c$ to g to b$ )\t ! protect+ light ( a lamp4 ,!n x 0 t dread1 indef9ite gho/s lurk$ beh9d e door1 hid 9 e clo!s-press1 or lay 9 wait b5ea? e b$4 ,,! ,,uses ,,( ,,iron ,no o!r metal is put to s _m uses & is s indisp5sable z iron4 ,! op5+ s5t5ces ( a composition %\ld be able to /& alone2 _! mean+ or cle>ness %\ld n dep5d ^u ref]5ce to ! title4 ,bad3 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,lat9 ,,9 ,,! ,,high ,,s*ool ,!re is a rapidly gr[+ belief t ?is /udy has too l>ge a place 9 our high-s*ool c\rses ( /udy4 ,good3 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,lat9 ,,9 ,,! ,,high ,,s*ool ,!re is a rapidly gr[+ belief t ,lat9 has too l>ge a place 9 our high s*ool c\rses ( /udy4 #ahb4 ,,unity ,,9 ,,! ,,composition4 ,unity is an ess5tial elem5t ( ! :ole composition z well z ( ! p>agraph1 & its dem&s "h are 9 g5]al ! same4 ,no?+ mu/ be br\ght into ! composition :i* does n fall well )9 ! limits ( ! subject4 ,9 ! diff]5t subdivisions1 also1 no?+ mu/ be discuss$ :i* prop]ly belongs to "s o!r division ( ! topic4 ,z 9 ! p>agraph1 a def9ite po9t ( view %\ld be adopt$ & adh]$ to4 ,!re mu/ n be a cont9ual *ang+ ( relation ( p>ts ( ! composition to ! subject1 nor ( ! writ]'s relation to ! subject4 ,a consi/5t po9t ( view is especially necess>y 9 a n>rative4 ,if ! writ] is tell+ ( ev5ts )9 8 own exp]i5ce1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to br+ 9 any conv]sation or occurr5ce1 at :i*1 by 8 own /ory1 he c\ld n h be5 pres5t4 ,a cont9ual *ang+ back & =? betwe5 pres5t & pa/ t5ses mu/ also be avoid$4 ,"o or ! o!r %\ld be adopt$ consi/5tly4 #ahc4 ,,coh]5ce ,,9 ,,! ,,composition4 ,a composition mu/ also be coh]5t4 ,its diff]5t p>ts mu/ be closely knit toge!r & ! :ole closely knit to ! subject4 ,j z 9 ! p>agraph1 words ( ref]5ce & transition are ne$$1 s 9 ! composition1 words1 or s5t5ces ( ref]5ce & transition are ne$$1 9 ord] to b9d ! :ole toge!r & %[ ! relation ( its p>ts4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! beg9n+ ( a new division or any def9ite *ange ( topic %\ld be closely m>k$1 s z to prev5t confusion4 ,!re %\ld be transition s5t5ces1 or s5t5ces :i* %[ ! *ange ( topic f p>agraph to p>agraph1 & yet at ! same "t bridge ! ?\ght f p>agraph to p>agraph4 ,^! transition s5t5ces may come at ! end ( a prec$+ p>agraph1 or at ! beg9n+ ( a foll[+ "o1 or at bo? ( ^! places4 ,exam9e ! foll[+ p>ts ( p>agraphs 9 :i* ! words or phrases %[+ transition f "p to "p are italiciz$3 7,la/ s5t5ce ( fir/ p>agraph7 444 ,! ,am]ican ,w> 0 pregnant ) mis]y ( e k9d4 7,second p>agraph7 ,! mis*ief1 h[ev]1 recoil$ on ! unhappy p ( ?is c\ntry1 :o 7 made ! in/rum5ts by :i* ! wick$ purposes ( ! au?ors 7 effect$4 ,! nation 0 dra9$ ( its be/ blood1 & ( its vital res\rces ( m5 & money4 ,! exp5se ( ! w> 0 enorm\s--mu* beyond any =m] exp]i5ce4 7,?ird p>agraph7 ,& yet1 :at has ! ,briti% nation receiv$ 9 return = ?is exp5se4444 444 ,i 0 n[ enabl$ to see ! ext5t & aspect ( my prison4 ,9 its size ,i _h be5 greatly mi/ak54444 7,beg9n+ ( p>agraph foll[+ "o on ,unity 9 ! p>agraph7 ,! second ( ! ess5tials ( ! p>agraph1 coh]5ce1 dem&s t4444 ,frequ5tly1 9 ! long] compositions1 a sep>ate p>agraph is devot$ to accompli%+ ! transition f "p to "p4 ,obs]ve ! foll[+3 7,p>agraph #g7 444 ,! only o!r law be>+ on ?is matt] is ! ,act ( ,assembly ( la/ ye> au?oriz+ ! receipts f ! automobile taxes to be us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( roads4 ,?is !n completes ! enum]ation ( :at has already be5 done t[>d build+ good roads4 7,p>agraph #h4 ,transitional p>agraph7 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sev]al promis+ plans = ! secur+ ( ?is important result1 :i* are n[ be+ s]i\sly discuss$4 7,p>agraph #i7 ,! fir/ ( ^! plans is 444 ,! foll[+ are a few ( ! words & phrases (t5 us$ to indicate transition & to %[ relation betwe5 ! p>agraphs3 ,s mu* =1 ,x rema9s to m5tion1 ,9 ! next place1 ,aga91 ,an additional reason1 ,!re=e1 ,h5ce1 ,moreov]1 ,z a result ( ?is1 ,by way ( exception4 ,exam9e ! selection "u #ahg4 #ahd4 ,,! ,,end+ ,,( ,,! ,,composition4 ,9 a long] composition1 ! end+ %\ld nei!r be too abrupt1 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld x be too long drawn out4 ,x %\ld be 9 proportion to ! l5g? ( ! composition4 ,usually1 except 9 ! case ( a /ory1 x %\ld consi/ ( a p>agraph or two by way ( summ>y or inf]5ce4 ,9 a /ory1 h[ev]1 ! end+ may be abrupt or n4 ,! k9d ( end+ dep5ds entirely ^u ! nature & ! s*eme ( developm5t ( ! /ory4 ,exam9e ! foll[+ end+s3 ,end+ ( a !me on ,! ,uses ( ,iron3 ,only "s ( ! m important uses ( ?is wond]ful metal1 iron1 h be5 m5tion$4 ,!re are hundr$s ( o!r uses to :i* x is con/antly put--uses :i* no o!r metal c\ld fill4 ,gold may once h be5 call$ ! k+ ( metals1 b x has long s9ce lo/ its claim to t title4 ,end+ ( a /ory3 ,john he>d h] answ]1 & began to move sl[ly away f ! gate4 ,good-bye1 he said4 ,& !n he 0 gone1 =ev]4 ,sugge/$ subjects = ! mak+ ( outl9es & compositions4 #a4 ,h[ ,i ,sp5t my ,vacation4 #b4 ,%all ,f9al ,exam9ations be ,aboli%$8 #c4 ,! ,subjects :i* ,%\ld be ,taught 9 ,high ,s*ools4 #d4 ,my ,qualifications = a ,position4 #e4 ,! ,uses ( ,iron4 #f4 ,paul ,rev]e's ,ride4 #g4 ,! ,city ,p>k4 #h4 ,my ,t[n z a ,place ( ,resid5ce4 #i4 ,! ,value ( ,railroads4 #aj4 ,:y ,i ,believe 9 ,local ,option4 #aa4 ,a ,w9t]'s ,sleigh ,ride4 #ab4 ,%all ,=eign ,immigration be ,re/rict$8 #ac4 ,my ,y\?ful ,bus9ess ,v5tures4 #ad4 ,:y ,i ,belong to ! ,x ,political ,p>ty4 #ae4 ,v>i\s ,me?ods ( ,heat+ a ,h\se4 #ahe4 ,bel[ is giv5 9 full ,l9coln's ,gettysburg ,spee*4 ,x is p]fect 9 its ,engli% & its con/ruction4 ,/udy x ) especial ref]5ce to its coh]5ce1 unity1 & emphasis4 ,"s ( ! words ( coh]5ce h be5 italiciz$4 ,f\rscore & sev5 ye>s ago our fa!rs1 br\ght =? ^u ?is cont95t a new nation1 conceiv$ 9 lib]ty1 & d$icat$ to ! proposition t all m5 are creat$ equal4 ,n[ we are engag$ 9 a great civil w>1 te/+ :e!r t nation1 or any nation s conceiv$ & s d$icat$1 c long endure4 ,we are met on a great battle-field ( t w>4 ,we h come to d$icate a portion ( t field z ! f9al re/+-place = ^? :o "h gave _! lives t t nation might live4 ,x is altoge!r fitt+ & prop] t we %\ld d ?is4 ,b 9 a l>g] s5se we _c d$icate1 we _c consecrate1 we _c hall[ ?is gr\nd4 ,! brave m51 liv+ & dead1 :o /ruggl$ "h h consecrat$ x f> above our p[] to add or detract4 ,! _w w little note1 nor long rememb]1 :at we say "h2 b x c nev] =get :at !y did "h4 ,x is = u1 ! liv+1 r1 to be d$icat$ "h to ! unf9i%$ "w :i* !y :o f\ght "h h ?us f> s nobly advanc$4 ,x is r = u to be "h d$icat$ to ! great task rema9+ be=e u1 t f ^! honor$ dead we take increas$ devotion to t cause = :i* !y "h gave ! la/ full measure ( devotion2 t we "h highly resolve t ^! dead %all n h di$ 9 va92 t ?is nation1 "u ,god1 %all h a new bir? ( fre$om1 & t gov]nm5t ( ! p1 by ! p1 & = ! p1 %all n p]i% f ! e>?4 #ahf4 ,small ,economies1 f ,mrs4 ,gaskell's ,cran=d4 ,i h (t5 notic$ t ev]yone has 8 own individual small economies--c>eful habits ( sav+ fractions ( p5nies 9 "s "o peculi> direction--any di/urbance ( :i* annoys him m ?an sp5d+ %ill+s or p\nds on "s real extravagance4 ,an old g5tleman ( my acqua9tance1 :o took ! intellig5ce ( ! failure ( a ,jo9t-,/ock ,bank1 9 :i* "s ( 8 money 0 inve/$1 ) a /oical mildness1 worri$ 8 family all ?r\gh a long summ]'s day because "o ( !m _h torn 7in/ead ( cutt+7 out ! writt5 leaves ( 8 n[ useless bank-book4 ,( c\rse1 ! correspond+ pages at ! o!r end came out z well1 & ?is little unnecess>y wa/e ( pap] 78 private economy7 *af$ him m ?an all ! loss ( 8 money4 ,envelopes frett$ 8 s\l t]ribly :5 !y fir/ came 94 ,! only way 9 :i* he c\ld reconcile himself to su* wa/e ( 8 *]i%$ article 0 by pati5tly turn+ inside out all t 7 s5t to him1 & s mak+ !m s]ve aga94 ,ev5 n[1 ?\gh tam$ by age1 ,i see him ca/+ wi/ful glances at 8 daught]s :5 !y s5d a :ole inside ( a half-%eet ( note pap]1 ) ! ?ree l9es ( acceptance to an invitation1 writt5 on only "o ( ! sides4 ,i am n above own+ t ,i h ?is human weakness myself4 ,/r+ is my foible4 ,my pockets get full ( little hanks ( x1 pick$ up & twi/$ toge!r1 ready = uses t nev] come4 ,i am s]i\sly annoy$ if any "o cuts ! /r+ ( a p>cel in/ead ( pati5tly & fai?fully undo+ x fold by fold4 ,h[ p c br+ !mselves to use india-rubb] b&s1 :i* are a sort ( deification ( /r+1 z lightly z !y d1 ,i _c imag9e4 ,to me an india rubb] b& is a preci\s treasure4 ,i h "o :i* is n new--"o t ,i pick$ up (f ! floor ne>ly six ye>s ago4 ,i h really tri$ to use x1 b my he>t fail$ me1 & ,i c\ld n commit ! extravagance4 ,small pieces ( butt] grieve o!rs4 ,!y _c att5d to conv]sation because ( ! annoyance occasion$ by ! habit :i* "s p h ( inv>iably tak+ m butt] ?an !y want4 ,h y n se5 ! anxi\s look 7almo/ mesm]ic7 :i* su* p]sons fix on ! article8 ,!y w\ld feel x a relief if !y might bury x out ( _! sight by popp+ x into _! own m\?s & swall[+ x d[n2 & !y are really made happy if ! p]son on ^: plate x lies unus$ sudd5ly breaks (f a piece ( toa/ 7:i* he does n want at all7 & eats up 8 butt]4 ,!y ?9k t ?is is n wa/e4 ,n[ ,miss ,matty ,j5k9s 0 *>y ( c&les4 ,we _h _m devices to use z few z possible4 ,9 ! w9t] aft]noons %e w\ld sit knitt+ = two or ?ree h\rs--%e c\ld d ?is 9 ! d>k1 or by firelight--& :5 ,i ask$ if ,i might n r+ = c&les to f9i% /it*+ my wri/b&s1 %e told me to keep bl9d man's holiday4 ,!y 7 usually br\ght 9 ) tea2 b we only burnt "o at a "t4 ,z we liv$ 9 con/ant prep>ation = a fri5d :o might come 9 any ev5+ 7b :o nev] did71 x requir$ "s contrivance to keep our two c&les ( ! same l5g?1 ready to be light$1 & to look z if we burnt two always4 ,! c&les took x 9 turns2 &1 :atev] we might be talk+ or do+1 ,miss ,matty's eyes 7 habitually fix$ ^u ! c&le1 ready to jump up & ext+ui% x & to light ! o!r be=e !y _h become too unev5 9 l5g? to be re/or$ to equality 9 ! c\rse ( ! ev5+4 ,"o night1 ,i rememb] ?is c&le economy p>ticul>ly annoy$ me4 ,i _h be5 v mu* tir$ ( my compulsory bl9d man's holiday1 especially z ,miss ,matty _h fall5 asleep1 & ,i did n l to /ir ! fire & run ! risk ( awak5+ h]2 & s ,i c\ld n ev5 sit on ! rug1 & scor* myself ) sew+ by firelight1 accord+ to my usual cu/om4444 #ahg4 ,a ,,li/ ,,( ,,books ,,= ,,read+4 ,^! books are ( a v>i$ "* & are all int]e/+ & ( recogniz$ excell5ce 9 _! ,engli%4 ,mo/ ( !m are books t1 z a matt] ( g5]al education1 %\ld be read by ev]yone4 ,fiction3 ,treasure ,isl&--,/ev5son4 ,kidnapp$--,/ev5son4 ,dr4 ,jekyll & ,mr4 ,hyde--,/ev5son4 ,! ,sc>let ,lett]--,haw?orne4 ,twice ,told ,tales--,haw?orne4 ,! ,luck ( ,ro>+ ,camp--,bret ,h>te4 ,tales ( ,my/]y & ,imag9ation--,poe4 ,silas ,m>n]--,eliot4 ,rob9son ,crusoe--,defoe4 ,ivanhoe--,scott4 ,h5ry ,esmond--,?ack]ay4 ,pilgrim's ,progress--,bunyan4 ,! ,spy--,coop]4 ,! ,man )\t a ,c\ntry--,hale4 ,tales ( a ,travell]--,irv+4 ,! ,leg5d ( ,sleepy ,holl[--,irv+4 ,rip ,van ,w9kle--,irv+4 ,lorna ,doone--,blackmore4 ,uncle ,william--,lee4 ,! ,blue ,fl[]--,van ,dyke4 ,non-fiction3 ,sesame & ,lilies--,rusk94 ,/ones ( ,v5ice--,rusk94 ,! ,am]ican ,commonweal?--,bryce4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p--,gre54 ,views ,afoot--,taylor4 ,! ,autocrat ( ! ,breakfa/ ,table--,holmes4 ,conspiracy ( ,pontiac--,p>kman4 ,autobiography--,frankl94 ,l9coln--,d\glas ,debates4 ,critical ,p]iods ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory--,fiske4 ,c]ta9 ,delightful ,engli% ,t[ns--,h[ells4 ,! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,bunk] ,hill ,oration--,web/]4 ,on ,conciliation ) ,am]ica--,burke4 ,! ,sket* ,book--,irv+4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,words4--,,spell+4--,,pronunciation #ahh4 ,to write & to speak good ,engli%1 "o mu/ h a good work+ vocabul>y4 ,he mu/ "k words & be able to use !m correctly2 he mu/ employ only words t are 9 good use2 he mu/ be able to *oose words & phrases t accurately express 8 mean+2 & he mu/ be able to spell & pron\nce correctly ! words t he uses4 ,,words #ahi4 ,,good ,,use4 ,! fir/ ess5tial t a ^w %\ld h1 is t x be 9 good use4 ,a ^w is 9 good use :5 x is us$ grammatically & 9 its true s5se1 & is also3 7#a7 ,reputable2 9 use by good au?ors & writ]s 9 g5]al4 ,! use ( a ^w by "o or two good writ]s is n suffici5t to make a ^w reputable2 ! use mu/ be g5]al4 7#b7 ,national2 n =eign or local 9 its use4 7#c7 ,pres5t2 us$ by ! writ]s ( "o's own "t4 #aij4 ,,(f5ses ,,aga9/ ,,good ,,use4 ,! (f5ses aga9/ good use are usually said to be ( ?ree classes3 ,solecisms1 ,b>b>isms1 & ,improprieties4 #aia4 ,,solecisms are ! violations ( ! pr9ciples ( gramm>4 ,solecisms h be5 treat$ "u ! e>li] *apt]s on gramm>4 #aib4 ,,b>b>isms4 ,! second (f5se aga9/ good use1 a b>b>ism1 is a ^w n 9 reputable1 pres5t or national use4 ,! foll[+ rules may be giv5 on ?is subject3 #a4 ,,avoid ,,obsolete ,,words4 ,obsolete words are words t1 once 9 good use1 h s9ce pass$ out ( g5]al use4 ,?is rule might also be made to include obsolesc5t words3 words t are at pres5t "t pass+ out ( use4 ,examples ( obsolete words3 me?9ks ye/]:iles twixt yclept afe>d %oon #b4 ,,avoid ,,newly ,,co9$ ,,expressions ,,or ,,new ,,uses ,,( ,,old ,,expressions4 ,!re are a great _m words curr5t 9 ! newspap]s & 9 o!r ha/y writ+ t h n ! sanction ( g5]al good use at ! pres5t "t1 ?\gh _m ( ^! words may 9 "t come into use4 ,a safe rule is to avoid all words t are at all d\btful4 ,examples3 an invite an expos a try en?use a comb9e fake ,a common newspap] fault is ! co9+ ( a v]b or adjective f a n\n1 or a n\n f a v]b4 ,examples3 locomote suicid$ d]ailm5t pluraliz$ burgl>iz$ ref]e$ #c4 ,,avoid ,,=eign ,,words4 ,a =eign ^w %\ld n be us$ until x has become naturaliz$ by be+ 9 g5]al1 reputable use4 ,s9ce !re are almo/ always ,engli% words j z expressive z ! =eign words1 ! use ( ! =eign words usually indicates affectation on ! "p ( ! "o us+ !m4 ,examples3 billet-d\x 7love lett]7 conv]sazione 7conv]sation7 ad nauseam 7to disgu/7 di/+u 7di/+ui%$7 ad inf9itum 7inf9itely7 entre n\s 7betwe5 u7 #d4 ,,avoid ,,prov9cialisms4 ,prov9cialisms are expressions curr5t & well und]/ood 9 "o locality1 b n curr5t or diff]5tly und]/ood 9 ano!r locality4 ,examples3 guess 7?9k7 reckon 7suppose7 ne> 7/+y7 sm>t 7clev]7 tuck]$ 7tir$ out7 lift 7elevator7 tote 7c>ry7 ru9ation 7ru97 #e4 ,,avoid ,,vulg>isms4 ,vulg>isms are words ^: use %[s vulg>ity or ignorance4 ,su* words z ! foll[+ are always 9 bad ta/e3 *aw nigg] y\r'n gal flu/rat$ hadn't ought] ha9t d]n 8'n #f4 ,,avoid ,,slang4 ,slang is a =m ( vulg>ism t is v preval5t 9 its use ev5 by educat$ p4 ,slang words1 x is true1 sometimes come into good repute & usage1 b ! process is sl[4 ,! safe/ rule is to avoid slang expressions because ( _! g5]al bad ta/e & because ( _! weak5+ effect on "o's vocabul>y ( good words4 ,examples ( slang3 gr9d swipe booze long gre5 on a toot d\gh p9* pea* dukes #g4 ,,avoid ,,clipp$ ,,or ,,abbreviat$ ,,words4 ,! use ( su* words is ano!r =m ( vulg>ism4 ,examples3 p>d 7p>tn]7 rep 7reputation7 doc 7doctor7 cal'late 7calculate7 musee 7museum7 a comp 7complim5t>y ticket7 #h4 ,,avoid ,,te*nical ,,or ,,pr(essional ,,words4 ,su* words are usually cle>ly und]/ood only by p]sons ( "o class or pr(ession4 ,examples3 val5ce hagiology allonge kil[att scl]osis e/oppel #aic4 ,,:5 ,,b>b>isms ,,may ,,be ,,us$4 ,9 ! =ego+ rules b>b>isms h be5 treat$ z at all times to be avoid$4 ,?is is true ( _! use 9 g5]al composition1 & 9 a measure true ( _! use 9 composition ( a special nature4 ,b b>b>isms may sometimes be us$ prop]ly4 ,obsolete words w\ld be p]missible 9 poetry or 9 hi/orical novels1 te*nical words p]missible 9 te*nical writ+1 & ev5 vulg>isms & prov9cialisms p]missible 9 dialect /ories4 ,,ex]cise #gf ,sub/itute = ea* ( ! b>b>isms 9 ! foll[+ li/ an expression t is 9 good use4 ,:5 9 d\bt consult a good diction>y3 ,*aw1 quo?1 fake1 reckon1 d]n1 =soo?1 8'n1 an invite1 entre n\s1 tote1 hadn't ought]1 yclept1 a comb9e1 a9't1 dole1 a try1 n\veau ri*e1 puny1 grub1 twa91 a boom1 alt] ego1 a poke1 cuss1 eld1 en?us$1 mesalliance1 tollable1 disrememb]1 locomote1 a "r sm>t ways1 *9k1 afe>d1 orate1 n>y a "o1 yore1 pluraliz$1 di/+u1 ru9ation1 complect$1 mayhap1 burgl>iz$1 mal de m]1 tuck]$1 gr9d1 ne>1 suicid$1 callate1 crack]-jack1 er/1 railroad$1 *ic1 d[n t[n1 deceas$ 7v]b71 a rig1 swipe1 spake1 on a toot1 knock]1 p]adv5ture1 guess1 pr(1 classy1 booze1 p] se1 cute1 biz1 bug-h\se1 swell1 opry1 rep1 photo1 c9*1 cork]1 9 cahoot1 pants1 fess up1 exam1 bike1 incog1 zoo1 secondh&$1 getable1 outclass$1 g5ts1 muck]1 galoot1 dub1 up aga9/ x1 on tick1 to rattle1 9 hock1 bu/$ on ! bum1 to wat* out1 get left4 ,,ex]cise #gg ,make a li/ ( su* b>b>isms z y y\rself use1 & devise = !m z _m good sub/itute expressions z y c4 ,practice us+ ! good expressions t y h made4 ,,ex]cise #gh ,correct ! italiciz$ b>b>isms 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 #a4 ,!y c g ev]y:]es4 #b4 ,he sp5ds all 8 "t gr9d+4 #c4 ,!re a9't a sightli] t[n 9 ! /ate4 #d4 ,he ate ! :ole hunk ( cake4 #e4 ,he 0 treat$ v illy4 #f4 ,smi?'s new h\se is v %[y4 #g4 ,n mu*ly w ,i g4 #h4 ,all 7 ready = breakfa/ be=e sun-up4 #i4 ,d y l light-complect$ p8 #aj4 ,i _h nev] orat$ be=e4 #aa4 ,_! clo!s are always ta/y 9 appe>ance4 #ab4 ,he has money1 b he is v ne>4 #ac4 ,he left ! room unbekn[n to 8 "m4 #ad4 ,if mann]s are any indication1 %e belongs to ! n\veau ri*e4 #ae4 ,i feel pretty tollable today4 #af4 ,i reckon all w be able to get seats4 #ag4 ,d y callate to get !re be=e noon8 #ah4 ,if ,i _h z mu* long gre5 z he has1 ,i w\ldn't be su* a tight-wad4 #ai4 ,he 0 ! beau ideal ( soldi]4 #bj4 ,john is a crazy cuss4 #ba4 ,let me say en passant we did n ask = ! tickets4 #bb4 ,ev5 at t "t ,john _h a bad rep4 #bc4 ,t woman is ! ,c\ntess ( ,v]dun1 ne ,smi?4 #bd4 ,me?9ks y are wrong4 #be4 ,! tea*] spake %>ply to h]4 #bf4 ,i didn't g = to d x4 #bg4 ,x w be publi%$ inside ( two mon?s4 #bh4 ,! duke & 8 wife 7 travell+ incog4 #bi4 ,i hadn't ?\ght on t4 #cj4 ,!re is little diff]5ce twixt ! two4 #ca4 ,come n[1 fess up4 #cb4 ,x's a "r sm>t ways to ,williamsport4 #cc4 ,y wot n :at y say4 #cd4 ,he b\ght a poke ( apples = 8 lun*4 #ce4 ,br[n runs a pretty classy /ore4 #cf4 ,i f9ally got %ut ( him4 #cg4 ,i c\ld ( jump$ across4 #ch4 ,t c't be done noh[4 #ci4 ,y make su* dumb mi/akes4 #dj4 ,i nev] saw su* a bum %[4 #aid4 ,,improprieties4 ,! ?ird (f5se aga9/ good use1 an impropriety1 is ! use ( a prop] ^w 9 an improp] s5se4 ,9 _m cases an (f5se aga9/ good use may be call$ a b>b>ism1 an impropriety1 or a solecism1 s9ce ! fields cov]$ by ! ?ree t]ms some:at ov]lap "o ano!r4 ,_m improprieties h _! orig9 9 ! simil>ities 9 s\nd1 spell+ or mean+ ( words4 ,! foll[+ ex]cises deal ) a numb] ( common improprieties result+ f ! confusion ( two simil> words4 ,,ex]cise #gi ,/udy ! prop] use ( ! words giv5 "u ea* ( ! foll[+ divisions4 ,9 ea* gr\p ( s5t5ces fill ! blanks ) ! prop] words3 ,,accept1 ,,except4 ,see ,gloss>y at end ( book1 "u except4 #a4 ,i _c ---- y\r gift4 #b4 ,h y no books ---- ^!8 #c4 ,cic]o 0 n ---- f ! li/ ( ^? condemn$4 #d4 ,he ---- ! invitation4 ,,affect1 ,,effect4 ,see ,gloss>y "u effect4 #a4 ,w y\r plan ---- a re=m f ! pres5t condition8 #b4 ,! sad news w s]i\sly ---- 8 "m4 #c4 ,h[ 0 ! bank ---- by ! indictm5t ( its presid5t8 #d4 ,! *ange ( s*$ule 0 ---- )\t a hit*4 ,,aggravate1 ,,irritate4 ,see ,gloss>y4 #a4 ,h] mann] ---- me4 #b4 ,! crime 0 ---- by be+ committ$ 9 cold blood4 #c4 ,! *ildr5 d ev]y?+ !y c to ---- h]4 #d4 ,8 illness 0 ---- by lack ( prop] food4 ,,allude1 ,,m5tion4 ,see ,gloss>y4 #a4 ,he ---- 7to7 c]ta9 ev5ts :i* he d>$ n "n directly4 #b4 ,! attorney ---- 7to7 no names4 #c4 ,t passage 9 8 book delicately ---- 7to7 8 "m4 #d4 ,9 8 spee* ! labor lead] boldly ---- 7to7 8 rec5t arre/4 ,,argue1 ,,augur4 ,to argue is to /ate reasons = "o's belief4 ,to augur means to =etell1 to presage4 #a4 ,! report$ qu>rel ---- ill = ! army4 #b4 ,he w ---- at l5g? on any subject4 #c4 ,h] d>k5+ looks ---- a qu>rel4 ,,avocation1 ,,vocation4 ,a vocation is "o's pr9cipal "w or call+4 ,an avocation is some?+ aside f or subord9ate to t pr9cipal call+4 #a4 ,! "y physician en?usia/ically pursues 8 ----4 #b4 ,law is 8 ----1 b politics is 8 ----4 #c4 ,! m9i/ry %\ld be "o's ----1 nev] 8 ----4 #d4 ,:ile prep>+ = 8 life "w1 s*ool tea*+ 0 = a "t 8 ----4 ,,besides1 ,,beside4 ,besides means 9 addition to4 ,beside ref]s to place2 z1 ,he sits beside y4 #a4 ---- y1 :o else 0 !re8 #b4 ,is !re no?+ ---- ?is to d8 #c4 ,john walk$ ---- me4 #d4 ---- me 0 a tree4 ,,calculate1 ,,int5d4 ,to calculate means to compute1 to adju/ or to adapt4 ,int5d means to h =m$ ! plan to d some?+4 #a4 ,he ---- to sell books ?is summ]4 #b4 ,he ---- t ! "w w take t5 ye>s4 #c4 ,he ---- to f9i% x z soon z he c4 #d4 ,! oil is ---- to fl[ at ! rate ( a gallon a m9ute4 ,,"*1 ,,reputation4 ,see ,gloss>y4 #a4 ,9 ?is community 8 ---- is excell5t4 #b4 ,"o's fri5ds may end[ him ) a good ----1 b n ) a good ----4 #c4 ,sl&] may ru9 "o's ----1 b x w n de/roy 8 ----4 #d4 ,see t y\r ---- is "r1 & y\r ---- w e/abli% itself4 ,,claim1 ,,ass]t4 ,to claim means to make a dem& = :at is "o's own4 ,x %\ld n be confus$ ) ass]t4 #a4 ,i ---- t ,i am innoc5t4 #b4 ,john ---- ! prop]ty z 84 #c4 ,!y ---- _! "r to ! l&4 #d4 ,! ca%i] ---- ! money 9 paym5t ( a note4 #e4 ,d y /ill ---- t y 7 born 9 ,am]ica8 ,,c\ncil1 ,,c\nsel1 ,,consul4 ,a c\ncil is a gr\p ( p]sons call$ 9 to hold consultation4 ,c\nsel means an advis]1 z a lawy]2 or advice t is giv54 ,consul is an (fic] ( ! gov]nm5t4 #a4 ,9 ! colonies ea* gov]nor _h 8 ----4 #b4 ,! advis]s gave him ---- :5 he desir$ x4 #c4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates has a ---- 9 e important =eign port4 #d4 ,9 crim9al cases ! accus$ mu/ be provid$ ) ----4 #e4 ,! presid5t's cab9et con/itutes = him a sort ( ----4 #f4 ,9 ,rome two ---- 7 elect$ to manage ! affairs ( ! /ate4 ,,emigration1 ,,immigration4 ,see ,gloss>y4 #a4 ,=eign ---- into ! ,unit$ ,/ates is greatly re/rict$4 #b4 ,! ---- ( ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ,canada is becom+ a matt] ( conc]n4 #c4 ,our ---- ,bureau en=ces ! ,*9ese ,exclusion ,act4 #d4 ,! treatm5t ( ! royali/s caus$ a great ---- f ,france4 ,,good1 ,,well4 ,good is an adjective4 ,well is usually an adv]b1 ?\gh sometimes an adjective2 z1 ,are y well to-day8 #a4 ,%e talks v ----4 #b4 ,%e prep>es a ---- pap]1 ev5 if %e does n write ----4 #c4 ,d ---- :at y are do+4 #d4 ,did y h a ---- "t8 #e4 ,recite x z ---- z y c4 ,,h\se1 ,,home4 ,h\se means only a build+4 ,home means a place t is "o's habitual place ( resid5ce4 #a4 ,he ?\ght (t5 ( ! fl[]s ab\t ! door ( 8 old ----4 #b4 ,!y h rec5tly b\ght a ---- :i* !y int5d to make _! ----4 #c4 ,mr4 ,heim lives "h n[1 b 8 ---- is 9 ,lewisburg4 #d4 ,he has sev]al mis]able ---- t he r5ts4 #e4 ,su* a place is n fit to be call$ a ----4 ,,mo/1 ,,almo/4 ,almo/ is an adv]b mean+ ne>ly4 ,mo/ nev] has ?is mean+4 #a4 ,i 0 ---- injur$ :5 ! ma*9e broke4 #b4 ,x is ---- "t = him to come4 #c4 ,! ---- disc\rag+ ?+ 0 8 indiff]5ce4 #d4 ,i ---- miss$ ! c>4 #e4 ---- ( ! books are torn4 ,,let1 ,,leave4 ,see ,gloss>y1 "u leave4 #a4 ,w 8 employ] ---- him g s e>ly4 #b4 ,i %all ---- at noon4 #c4 ---- me help y ) y\r coat4 #d4 ---- me "h = a :ile4 #e4 ,?is book ,i ---- ) y4 #f4 ,d n ---- t dang] di/urb y4 ,,l1 ,,z4 ,l %\ld n be us$ z a conjunction 9 ! s5se ( z4 ,z a preposition x is correct4 ,x is wrong to say1 ,d l ,i d2 b "r to say1 ,d z ,i d4 #a4 ,he looks ---- ,james4 #b4 ,read ---- ,james does4 #c4 ,does %e look ---- me8 #d4 ,%e ?9ks ( x ---- ,i ?\ght4 #e4 ,l9coln c\ld d a ?+ ---- t4 #f4 ,o!r m5 c\ld n d ---- ,l9coln did4 ,,likely1 ,,liable1 ,,probably4 ,x is bett] to avoid us+ likely z an adv]b2 b x may be us$ z an adjective2 z1 ,he is likely to come4 ,probably ref]s to any sort ( possibility4 ,liable ref]s to an unpleasant or unfavorable possibility2 x %\ld n be us$ z equival5t to likely4 #a4 ,he is ---- to arre/ = do+ t4 #b4 ,! presid5t's c> w ---- arrive at noon4 #c4 ,x is ---- to ra9 to-day4 #d4 ,is he ---- to write to u8 #e4 ,cont9u$ exposure makes "o m ---- to s]i\s illness4 #f4 ,:at w ---- come ( x8 ,,loan1 ,,l5d4 ,loan %\ld be us$ only z a n\n1 & l5d only z a v]b4 #a4 ,i wi% to obta9 a ---- ( fifty doll>s4 #b4 ,w y ---- me y\r knife8 #c4 ,a ---- ( money loses bo? itself & fri5d4 #d4 ,a ---- is some?+ t "o ---- to ano!r4 ,,mad1 ,,angry4 ,mad means insane1 uncontrollably excit$ ?r\gh fe>1 etc4 ,x %\ld n be us$ = angry or vex$4 #a4 ,8 mann] ( speak+ makes me ----4 #b4 ,x makes "o ---- to see su* behavior4 #c4 ,! noise almo/ drove me ----4 ,,mu*1 ,,_m4 ,mu* ref]s to quantity2 _m to numb]4 #a4 ,sometimes !y h z ---- z fifty 9 a class4 #b4 ---- ( ! tr\ble comes f 8 weak eyes4 #c4 ,d y use ---- horses on ! f>m8 #d4 ,h[ ---- m>bles did ! boy h8 ,,ne>1 ,,ne>ly4 ,ne> is an adjective2 ne>ly an adv]b4 #a4 ,is ! "w ---- f9i%$8 #b4 ,! man 0 ---- ! end ( ! por*4 #c4 ,x 0 ---- noon :5 ,blu*] came4 #d4 ,!y are ---- insane ) worry4 #e4 ,m>y is n ---- s old z ,john4 ,,obs]vation1 ,,obs]vance4 ,obs]vation means to wat*1 to look at4 ,obs]vance means to celebrate1 to keep4 ,obs]vation applies to a fact or an object2 obs]vance to a fe/ival1 a holiday1 or a rule4 #a4 ,! ---- ( ! a/ronom] prov$ ! !ory4 #b4 ,sunday ---- is ( value to "o's bodily z well z to "o's spiritual heal?4 #c4 ,! ---- ( ! sanit>y regulations 0 insi/$ ^u4 #d4 ,! sci5ti/ ne$s highly develop$ p[]s ( ----4 ,,respectively1 ,,respectfully4 ,respectively means p>ticul>ly1 relat+ to ea*4 ,respectfully means *>act]iz$ by high reg>d4 #a4 ,^! ?ree k9ds ( ar*itecture 7 *>act]iz$ ---- z sev]e1 graceful1 & ornate4 #b4 ,sign y\r lett] ,y\rs ----1 n y\rs ----4 #c4 ,_! %>es 7 ---- two hundr$ doll>s & five hundr$ doll>s1 #d4 ,! class ---- in=m$ ! faculty ( _! desire4 ,,suspect1 ,,expect4 ,suspect means to mi/ru/4 ,expect means to look =w>d to4 #a4 ,i ---- t he w come4 #b4 ,he ---- 8 bro!r ( hid+ 8 coat4 #c4 ,:5 d y ---- to f9i% ! "w8 #d4 ,! man 0 nev] be=e ---- ( hav+ done wrong4 ,,tea*1 ,,le>n4 ,see ,gloss>y "u le>n4 #a4 ,y mu/ ---- him to be c>eful4 #b4 ,he mu/ ---- to be c>eful4 #c4 ,to ---- a class to /udy is a difficult task4 #d4 ,:o ---- y\r class to-day4 ,,transpire1 ,,happ54 ,transpire does n mean to happ54 ,x means to become gradually kn[n1 to leak out4 #a4 ,%e kn[s ev]y?+ t ---- 9 ! village4 #b4 ,x ---- t he _h secretly sold ! f>m4 #c4 ,no m important ev5t ?an ?is has ---- 9 ! la/ t5 ye>s4 #d4 ,x has n[ ---- t "s money 0 /ol54 ,,q1 ,,v4 ,q is n 9 good use 9 ! s5se ( v or to a great degree4 ,x prop]ly means entirely4 #a4 ,! book is ---- easy to /udy4 #b4 ,h y ---- f9i%$ y\r "w4 #c4 ,! tra9 ran ---- sl[ly = mo/ ( ! di/ance4 #d4 ,t is ---- easy to d4 #e4 ,we 7 ---- unable to rea* ! city any soon]4 ,,ex]cise #hj ,! foll[+ li/ includes "s gr\ps ( words t are (t5 confus$4 ,f> ! prop] mean+ ( ! words ref] to a good diction>y4 ,write s5t5ces us+ ! words 9 _! prop] s5ses3 practical1 skill$ s5sible1 s5sitive c\ple1 two access1 accession future1 subsequ5t allusion1 illusion1 delusion folk1 family consci5ce1 consci\sness evid5ce1 te/imony id5tity1 id5tification p>ty1 p]son1 firm limit1 limitation pl5ty1 _m1 en\gh ( majority1 plurality portion1 "p mat]ialize1 appe> solicitation1 solicitude inv5t1 discov] human1 humane prescribe1 proscribe b\nd1 det]m9$ "s1 some:at1 some?+ fix1 m5d mutual1 common foot1 pay not$1 notori\s cr$itable1 cr$ible wait =1 wait on exceptionable1 exceptional 91 into ,,ex]cise #ha ,%[ h[ ! use ( ea* ( ! two italiciz$ words 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces w\ld affect ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce3 #a4 ,we exp]i5c$ a succession s]ies ( h9drances4 #b4 ,t /atem5t ass]tion 0 made by an eye witness4 #c4 ,! /ud5t has rem>kable ability capacity4 #d4 ,9 my e/imate e/imation ! co/ w be high] ?an fifty doll>s4 #e4 ,! import importance ( 8 words is n fully und]/ood4 #f4 ,! union unity ( ! clubs is rem>kable4 #g4 ,! acts actions ( ! presid5t 7 closely wat*$4 #h4 ,! man ne$$ a new /imulus /imulant4 #i4 ,he 0 captivat$ captur$ by h] unusual *>ms4 #aj4 ,we are quick to impute impugn motives t we ?9k to exi/4 #aa4 ,he 0 conv9c$ convict$ by ,john's argum5t4 #ab4 ,! dog's suff]+ 0 alleviat$ reliev$ by ! m$ic9e4 #ac4 ,he p]suad$ advis$ me to consult a lawy]4 #ad4 ,8 behavior 0 funny odd4 #ae4 ,! plan seems practical practicable4 #af4 ,t is ! late/ la/ lett]4 #ag4 ,t c]ta9ly 0 n a human humane action4 #ah4 ,he wait$ on wait$ = 8 "m4 #ai4 ,! complet5ess completion ( ! "w br\ght _m congratulations4 ,,ex]cise #hb ,supply a ^w :i* w rem$y ! italiciz$ impropriety 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,:5 9 d\bt consult a diction>y3 #a4 ,! majority ( ! illu/rations are good4 #b4 ,no "o c accurately pr$icate :at ! wea!r w be4 #c4 ,%all y except ! invitation8 #d4 ,!y claim t ! ass]tion _c be prov$4 #e4 ,!y f9ally locat$ ! crim9al 9 ,dravosburg4 #f4 ,i %all leave y g at noon4 #g4 ,! balance ( ! essay 0 un9t]e/+4 #h4 ,by que/ions !y tri$ to elim9ate ! true /ory4 #i4 ,!y impugn false motives to me4 #aj4 ,he 0 greatly effect$ by ! news4 #aa4 ,sabba? obs]vation 0 !n v /rict4 #ab4 ,!y expect t %e wrote ! lett]4 #ac4 ,! inv5tion ( electricity has revolutioniz$ all manufactures4 #ad4 ,:o le>n$ h] to s+8 #ae4 ,edison discov]$ ! phonograph4 #af4 ,"o _c compreh5d ! enormity ( a billion ( doll>s4 #ag4 ,_m complem5ts 7 paid to h] beauty4 #ah4 ,8 consci\sness prick$ him4 #ai4 ,h[ c\ld any "o be guilty ( su* a cruel action4 #bj4 ,! advancem5t ( ! army 0 v sl[4 #aie4 ,,idioms4 ,!re are 9 ,engli%1 z 9 o!r languages1 a numb] ( expressions t _c be ju/ifi$ by ! rules ( gramm> or rhetoric2 & yet ^! expressions are among ! mo/ =cible ones 9 ! language1 & are cont9ually us$ by ! be/ writ]s4 ,^! expressions t lie outside all rules we call idioms4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ idiomatic expressions ) ! unidiomatic expressions t succe$ !m4 ,! second expression 9 ea* gr\p is 9 accord ) ! /rict rules ( composition2 b ! fir/1 ! idiomatic1 is f> m =ceful4 ,idiomatic3 ,! book :i* ,i read ab\t4 ,unidiomatic3 ,! book ab\t :i* ,i read4 ,idiomatic3 ,m ?an "o life 0 lo/4 ,unidiomatic3 ,m lives ?an "o life 7 lo/4 ,idiomatic3 ,speak l\d4 ,speak l\d]4 ,unidiomatic3 ,speak l\dly4 ,speak m l\dly4 ,idiomatic3 ,a t5-foot pole4 ,unidiomatic3 ,a t5-feet pole4 ,idiomatic3 ,he /rove ) might & ma94 ,unidiomatic3 ,he /rove ) might4 7,might & ma9 are two words ( ! same mean+47 ,idiomatic3 ,he lectur$ on e o!r day4 ,unidiomatic3 ,he lectur$ on "o day out ( e two4 ,idioms are n to be avoid$4 ,on ! contr>y1 because !y contribute great ease & =ce to composition1 _! use is to be enc\rag$4 ,b ! di/9ction betwe5 idiomatic & unidiomatic expressions is a f9e "o1 & re/s solely on usage4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to g beyond ! idiomatic4 ,!re is probably little dang] t ! ord9>y writ] or speak] w n use idioms en\gh4 ,! foll[+ expressions are examples ( commonly us$ idioms3 ,he 0 /&+ at ! door 9 8 %irt sleeves4 ,i don't ?9k x w ra9 7,i ?9k x w n ra974 ,%e walk$ out ( ! room on h] fa!r's arm4 ,john 0 a poor %ot4 ,d y feel l a little c&y8 ,see :at my fooli%ness has br\ght me to4 ,:at "p ( ! city w !y settle 98 ,:at 0 ! h\se built =8 ,john ne$s a mat* to light 8 pipe )4 ,t is all ,i ask =4 ,:at are y driv+ at8 ,h>d put to x4 ,by all odds4 ,mu/ ne$s4 ,i mu/ get up by noon4 ,get rid (4 ,get us$ to4 ,nev] s good4 ,:e!r or no4 ,i c't g ei!r4 ,y =get y\rself :5 y speak s h>%ly4 ,i c come only e o!r day4 ,if ! bell r+s answ] ! door4 ,i take x t y w be !re too4 ,come & see me4 ,try & d x4 ,! ?ief took to 8 heels4 #aif4 ,,*oice ,,( ,,words4 ,! words 9 :i* a ?\ght is express$ may n (f5d aga9/ good use1 & yet /ill be objectionable because !y d n accurately & appropriately express ! ?\ght4 ,"o %\ld *oose n m]ely a ^w t w approximately express ! ?\ght1 b ! "o ^w t be/ expresses x4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions are giv5 to aid 9 ! *oice ( words3 #a4 ,,*oose ,,simple ,,engli% ,,words & avoid :at is call$ f9e writ+4 ,"y writ]s & newspap] writ]s are greatly giv5 to ?is (f5se ( f9e or bomba/ic writ+4 ,examples3 ,,f9e ,,writ+ ,,simple ,,/yle ,0 laun*$ into et]nity ,0 hang$ ,disa/r\s conflagration ,great fire ,call$ into requisition ! s]vices ,s5t = ! doctor ( ! family physician ,0 accord$ an ovation ,0 applaud$ ,palatial mansion ,com=table h\se ,acute auricul> p]ceptions ,%>p e>s ,a disciple ( ,izaak ,walton ,a fi%]man #b4 ,,di/+ui% ,,betwe5 ,,g5]al ,,& ,,specific ,,t]ms4 ,9 "s cases g5]al words may be us$ to advantage1 b m (t5 specific words %\ld be us$1 s9ce !y call to ! m9d a def9ite image4 ,comp>e ^! s5t5ces3 ,! high color ( 8 face %[$ 8 emb>rassm5t4 ,8 crimson face %[$ 8 emb>rassm5t4 ,he 0 a l>ge man4 ,he 0 a fat man4 ,he 0 a man ( l>ge frame4 ,he 0 a tall1 heavily proportion$ man4 ,he 0 a man six feet f\r in*es tall & heavy 9 proportion4 ,x 0 an impressive build+4 ,x 0 a build+ ( impressive size4 ,x 0 a build+ ( impressive beauty4 ,8 fault 0 robb]y4 ,8 crime 0 robb]y4 #c4 ,,avoid ,,ov]-,,/atem5t ,,( ,,facts4 ,! use ( words t are too /rong is a fault especially *>act]i/ic ( ,am]icans4 ,examples3 ,poor3 ,! conc]t 0 simply exquisite4 ,bett]3 ,! conc]t 0 v good4 ,poor3 ,%e 0 wild ov] ! mi/ake4 ,bett]3 ,%e 0 mu* annoy$ by ! mi/ake4 #d4 ,,avoid ,,hackney$ ,,phrases2 expressions t h be5 work$ to dea?4 ,examples3 ,8 pat]nal acres4 ,! infuriat$ bea/4 ,! g5tle zephyrs ( spr+time4 ,0 ga!r$ to 8 fa!rs4 ,! blu%+ bride 0 l$ to ! hym5eal alt>4 ,applaud$ to ! e*o4 ,,ex]cise #hc ,= ea* ( ! foll[+ expressions devise ! be/ simple ,engli% expression t y c3 #a4 ,individual 0 precipitat$4 #b4 ,t5d]$ him a banquet4 #c4 ,at ! wit*+ h\r ( midnight4 #d4 ,! dev\r+ elem5t 0 *eck$4 #e4 ,piscatorial sport4 #f4 ,p$al extremities4 #g4 ,fraught ) trem5d\s possibilities4 #h4 ,amid ! plaudits ( ! multitude4 #i4 ,caudal extremity4 #aj4 ,pass$ to 8 long home4 #aa4 ,dissect$ ! ,?anksgiv+ bird4 #ab4 ,presid$ at ! organ4 #ac4 ,f+] ( scorn po9t$ at him4 #ad4 ,w5d$ 8 way4 #ae4 ,! gre5 ey$ mon/]4 #af4 ,! :ole aggregation ( k *as]s4 #ag4 ,mat]nal ance/or4 #ah4 ,%uffl$ (f ?is mortal coil4 #ai4 ,fail$ to mat]ialize at ! banquet4 #bj4 ,tonsorial arti/4 #ba4 ,twirl] ( ! sph]e4 #bb4 ,pugili/ic enc\nt]s4 #bc4 ,p]=m$ 8 matut9al ablutions4 #bd4 ,p>took ( a magnific5t collation4 #be4 ,solemniz$ ! rites ( matrimony4 ,,ex]cise #hd ,9 ! ?ird p>agraph ( ! selection f ,cran=d 7see #ahf7 obs]ve ! use ( ! foll[+ words3 ,,human1 ,,weakness1 ,,hanks1 ,,twi/$1 ,,annoy$1 & ,,undo+4 ,/udy ! specific nature ( ^! words by gr\p+ ab\t ea* ( !m o!r words ( some:at simil> mean+1 & !n comp>+ ! =ce ( ! v>i\s words 9 ea* gr\p4 ,?is sort ( ex]cise may be cont9u$ by *oos+ passages f any c>eful writ] & /udy+ ! words t he has us$4 ,,ex]cise #he ,sub/itute = ea* ( ! foll[+ expressions "s expression t w be less g5]al or less exagg]at$3 #a4 ,%e is nice look+4 #b4 ,we _h a p]fectly gorge\s "t4 #c4 ,john is a pr(essional man4 #d4 ,! play 0 simply exquisite4 #e4 ,to he> 8 voice makes me feel funny4 #f4 ,! oppos+ team 0 completely annihilat$4 #g4 ,a noise caught our att5tion4 #h4 ,8 mann]s are horrid4 #i4 ,we _h a great "t4 #aj4 ,su* arrogance is un5durable4 #aa4 ,t is a good book4 #aig4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,improve ,,"o',s ,,vocabul>y4 ,! few foll[+ sugge/ions may be f\nd helpful 9 ! acquir+ ( a good vocabul>y3 #a4 ,,cultivate ,,! ,,diction>y ,,habit4 ,le>n ! mean+1 pronunciation1 & spell+ ( ea* new ^w t y meet4 ,only :5 ^! ?ree ?+s are grasp$ ab\t ea* ^w1 does "o really "k ! ^w4 ,"s p]sons h f\nd x an invaluable aid to c>ry ) !m a small note book or c>d on :i* !y note d[n to be look$ up at a conv5i5t "t words conc]n+ :i* !y are 9 d\bt4 #b4 ,,9 ,,y\r ,,writ+ ,,& ,,speak+ ,,use ,,z ,,mu* ,,z ,,possible ,,! ,,new ,,words ,,t ,,y ,,acquire4 #c4 ,,con/ruct ,,good ,,engli% ,,expressions = all ! slang1 f9e writ+1 & hackney$ phrases t y meet1 & !n use ! good expressions in/ead ( ! bad ones4 #d4 ,,/udy ,,synonyms2 words ( simil> =m & mean+4 ,only by a k ( synonyms c y express f9e %ades ( mean+4 ,crabbe's ,engli% ,synonyms & ,f]nald's ,synonyms & ,antonyms are good books ( ref]5ce = ?is purpose4 ,9 addition to ^! books1 li/s ( synonyms w be f\nd 9 _m books t are design$ = g5]al ref]5ce4 #e4 ,,try ,,to ,,get ,,! ,,"o ,,^w t w be/ express ! idea4 #f4 ,,read ,,good ,,books & good magaz9es1 & read !m c>efully4 #g4 ,,cultivate ,,! ,,society ( ^? :o use good language4 ,,ex]cise #hf ,look up ! mean+ ( ea* ( ! words 9 ! foll[+ gr\ps ( synonyms4 ,con/ruct s5t5ces 9 :i* ea* ^w is us$ correctly3 #a4 ,love1 l4 #b4 ,wit1 humor4 #c4 ,discov]1 inv5t4 #d4 ,obs]ve1 wat*4 #e4 ,pride1 vanity1 conceit4 #f4 ,pro(1 evid5ce1 te/imony4 #g4 ,balance1 re/1 rema9d]4 #h4 ,^w1 t]m1 expression4 #i4 ,br+1 fet*1 c>ry4 #aj4 ,ab&on1 des]t1 =sake4 #aa4 ,propose1 purpose1 int5d4 #ab4 ,heal?ful1 heal?y1 :olesome4 #ac4 ,/ud5t1 pupil1 s*ol>4 #ad4 ,capacity1 p[]1 ability4 #ae4 ,blame1 c5sure1 criticism4 #af4 ,acc$e1 agree1 yield1 acquiesce4 #ag4 ,trick]y1 cunn+1 *icane1 fraud4 #ah4 ,in/ruction1 education1 tra9+1 tuition4 #ai4 ,h>d%ip1 ob/acle1 h9drance1 difficulty4 #bj4 ,maxim1 precept1 rule1 law #ba4 ,multitude1 cr[d1 ?rong1 sw>m4 #bb4 ,delight1 happ9ess1 pleasure1 joy4 #bc4 ,"w1 labor1 toil1 drudg]y1 task4 #bd4 ,sil5t1 mute1 dumb1 spee*less4 #be4 ,kill1 murd]1 assass9ate1 slay4 #bf4 ,hatr$1 enmity1 dislike1 ill-w4 #bg4 ,example1 patt]n1 sample1 model4 #bh4 ,obvi\s1 pla91 cle>1 app>5t4 #bi4 ,not$1 em95t1 fam\s1 prom95t1 notori\s4 #cj4 ,old1 ag$1 antique1 anci5t1 antiquat$1 obsolete4 ,,spell+ #aih4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( words t are frequ5tly misspell$ or confus$4 ,:]e possible1 an ef=t has be5 made to arrange !m 9 gr\ps 9 ord] t !y may be m easily rememb]$4 ,! ^w ) an add$ end+ has be5 us$ 9 mo/ cases 9 place ( ! b>e ^w itself z1 occasional in/ead ( occasion4 ,a few rules h be5 includ$4 acc$e desc5d pressure accid5t fasc9ate misspell$ accommodate mis*iev\s possession accordance miscellane\s accuracy muscle recollection succe$ susceptible dispell$ occasional miscellane\s occur exi/5ce monosyllable exp]i5ce intellectual across s5t5ce p>allel am\nt embelli%m5t ap>t =ego+ :olly ar\se =ehead woolly village already =ty villa9 all "r =eign till =feit amateur =mally p]petual gr&eur =m]ly p]suade p]spiration appal fulfill app>atus willful police appetite policies approximate gu>dian opportunity guess+ pres5ce opposite prec$e disappo9t imm95t preceptor disappe>ance imm$iately accommodation fi5d *oose commission siege *os5 gramm> fri5d inflammation yield+ b\nd>y recomm5d elem5t>y summ>y seize symmetrical receive f9al committee receipt f9ally usual l$g] succe$ usually legible proce$ asc5d assass9 rec$e asc5t dissimil> sec$e disc]n+ ess5tial acc$e discipl9e mess5g] int]c$e discont5t conc$e discreet necess>y sup]s$e desc5t necessity passport #aii4 ,words end+ 9 a s+le consonant prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 if monosyllables1 or if ! la/ syllable is acc5t$1 d\ble ! f9al consonant be=e ! end+ -ed & -+1 b n be=e -ence2 z1 rob1 robb$1 robb+1 robb]s4 conf]1 conf]r$1 conf]r+1 conf]ence4 transmit1 transmitt$1 transmitt+1 transmission4 impel1 impell$1 impell+1 impulsion4 ,simil> to ! above are4 def]1 inf]1 pref]1 ref]1 transf]1 occur 7occurr5ce71 abhor 7abhorr5ce71 omit1 remit1 p]mit1 commit1 beset1 impel1 compel1 repel1 excel 7excell5ce71 mob1 sob1 rub1 skid4 ,if ^! words are n acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable1 ! consonant is n d\bl$2 z1 b5efit1 b5efited1 b5efit+1 b5eficial4 ,simil> are3 diff]1 summon1 model4 #bjj4 ,words end+ 9 sil5t e drop ! e be=e a suffix beg9n+ ) a v[el2 z1 arrive1 arriv+1 arrived1 arrival4 prec$e1 prec$ed1 prec$+1 prec$ence4 receive1 received1 receiv+4 ,simil> are3 move1 write1 blame1 tame1 come1 receive1 believe1 relieve1 grieve1 deceive1 conceive1 p]ceive1 seize1 prec$e1 conc$e1 sup]s$e1 rec$e1 argue1 rue1 con/rue1 woe1 pursue4 #bja4 ,words end+ 9 -ge1 -ce1 or -se1 reta9 ! e be=e end+s3 z1 arrange1 arrangem5t2 arrange1 arrang+4 ,simil> are3 gauge1 manage1 balance1 f9ance1 peace1 s]vice1 amuse1 use4 #bjb4 ,words 9 -dge d n reta9 ! e be=e end+s2 z1 ackn[l$ge1 ackn[l$gm5t1 ackn[l$ged1 ackn[l$g+4 ,simil> are3 nudge1 judge4 #bjc4 ,mo/ words end+ 9 y prec$$ by a consonant *ange y to i be=e all end+s except-+3 busy1 business1 busi$1 busy+4 ,simil> are3 duty1 m]cy1 p5ny1 pity1 v>y1 we>y1 /udy4 #bjd4 ,,words ,,( ,,simil> ,,s\nd3 canvas 7clo?7 pr9ciple 7rule7 canvass 7all mean+s except clo?7 pr9cipal 7*ief7 capitol 7a build+7 /ation>y 7immovable7 capital 7all mean+s except build+7 /ation]y 7articles7 c\nsel 7advice or an advis]7 m9] 7a workman7 c\ncil 7a body ( p]sons7 m9or 7"u age7 complem5t 7a complet+ elem5t7 angel 7a spiritual be+7 complim5t 7praise7 angle 7geometrical7 #bje4 ,,miscellane\s ,,words3 annual laundry s*$ule awkw>d leisure sep>ate b5eficial l5i5t ,spani>d decimal lic5se speak exhil>ate me*anical specim5 famili>ize m$ival spee* fib] m$ic9e sph]ical fibr\s militia subtle g5u9e motor surely gluey negotiate te*nical height orig9 t5em5t hide\s pacifi$ _! hundr$?s phalanx !re=e hy/]ical physique ?9ne/ icicle privilege until irrem$iable prodigies v5geance laboratory r>efy visible laid r9se :]e9 l>ynx sauc] yield+ ,,pronunciation #bjf4 ,! foll[+ li/ is made up ( words t are frequ5tly mispron\nc$4 ,an ef=t has be5 made to arrange !m 9 gr\ps accord+ to ! mo/ frequ5t s\rce ( error 9 _! pronunciation4 ,! only m>ks regul>ly us$ are ! signs = ! long & %ort s\nds ( ! v[el4 a z 9 hate i z 9 high u z 9 use a z 9 hat i z 9 hit u z 9 run e z 9 me o z 9 old oo z 9 boot e z 9 met o z 9 hop oo z 9 foot ,:5 s\nds are n o!rwise indicat$ take ! s\nd t comes mo/ naturally to ! tongue4 #bjg4 a ,,z ,,9 ,,hate3 ,,^w ,,correct ,,pronunciation alma mat] alma mat] app>atus app>atus apricot apricot atta* atta%a' audaci\s auda%us ballet bal'la blas blaza' blatant blatant *a/5 *as5 ,cleopatra ,cleopatra compatriot compatriot gratis gratis or grahtis h>em h>em or hahrem he9\s han\s hiatus hiatus implacable implakable nape nap ne na nglig naglezha' patron patron protg protazha' rsum razuma' t5aci\s t5a%us tomato tomato or tomahto valet va'la or val'et vase vas1 vahz1 or vaz v]aci\s v]a%us vivaci\s viva%us #bjh4 a ,,z ,,9 ,,hat3 alt]native alt]native ,arab ,ar'ab1 n arab arid ar'id asphalt asfalt1 n fawlt bade bad cat* n ket* defalcate defal'kate1 n fawl dilletante dilletan'te =bade =bad gran>y gran>y program pro'gram1 n grum rap9e rap'9 rational rational sacram5t sacram5t #bji4 ,,z ,,9 ,,arm3 aunt nt behalf behf calf kf calm km half hf laugh lf psalm sm #baj4 e ,,z ,,9 ,,me3 am5able am5able clique klek1 n klick creek krek1 n krick ei!r ee!r 7pref]able7 m$iocre m$iocre nave na'eve 7a z 9 arm7 nei!r nee!r 7pref]able7 prec$5ce prece'd5ce prec$5t prece'd5t 7:5 an adjective7 pr$ecessor pr$ecessor pr$ilection pr$ilection premature premature quay ke respl5d5t respl5'd5t sacrilegi\s sacrilegi\s1 n -religi\s s]ies s]ez sleek slek1 n slick suite swet1 n l boot #baa4 e ,,z ,,9 ,,met3 aga9 ag5 aga9/ ag5/ crematory krem'atory deaf def1 n def h]o9e h]o91 n l h]o measure mezhure1 n ma metric metrik prec$5t prec'ed5t 7n\n7 prelate prel'at pres5tation prez5tation sesame ses'ame /eady /$y1 n /iddy t5et t5'et weapon wepon1 n wepon #bab4 i ,,z ,,9 ,,high3 app5dicitis app5dicitis bi5nial bi5nial biography biography bron*itis bronkitis c>b9e c>b9e decisive decisive demise demise dyna/y di'na/y f9is f9is grimy grimy hiatus hia'tus inquiry inqui'ry long-liv$ long-livd p]itonitis p]itonitis privacy privacy %ort-liv$ %ort-livd simultane\s simultane\s t9y t9y1 n t5y #bac4 i ,,z ,,9 ,,hit3 bicycle bi'sicle bree*es bri*es bree*+ bri*+ fem99e fem99 g5u9e g5u9 hypocrisy hipok'risy italic ital'ik ,italian italyan m>itime m>itim pretty pritty pu]ile pu'eril respite res'pit tribune trib'un #bad4 o ,,z ,,9 ,,old3 ,adonis ,adonis apropos apropo b[sprit b[sprit broo* bro* n broo% compromise compromize j[l jol1 n l owl molecul> molecul> ogle ogle tr[ tro vocable vocable zoology zoology1 n zoo #bae4 o ,,z ,,9 ,,hop3 *ol] kol] dolor\s dolor\s florid florid molecule molecule obelisk obelisk probity probity solecism solesism sol/ice sol/ice /olid /olid #baf4 oo ,,z ,,9 ,,boot3 b\quet booka' cantel\pe c'taloop c\p d'tat koo data' c\pon koo'pon gh\l gool ho( ho( ro( ro( root root r\te root r\t9e root9e w\nd woond #bag4 u ,,z ,,9 ,,use3 accurate ak'kurat cul9>y kul9>y gub]natorial gub]natorial jugul> jugul> #bah4 u ,,z ,,9 ,,u3 con/able kun/able c\rtesan kur'tezan hov] huv] iron iurn monet>y munet>y no?+ nu?+ wont wunt 7diff]5t f won't7 #bai4 ,,miscellane\s ,,words4 adobe ado'ba algebra n bra ali5 aly51 n ali5 ameliorate amelyorate ant>ctic ant>ktik anti n anti ar*angel arkangel ar*bi%op ar*1 n ark ar* fi5d ar*1 n ark ar*itect arkitect awkw>d awkw>d1 n ard ,bee?ov5 batov5 ,b+5 ,b+'en blackgu>d blag'g>d ,b[do9 bodn br\gham broom bus9ess bizness caldron kawldron calk kawk ,cay5ne ki5' c\rti] korty] cuckoo kookoo dilemma dilem'ma directly n directly di%evell$ di%ev'ld ,don ,juan ,don ,juan or hooan dr\ght dr[t dr\? dr[? extempore extempore 7f\r syllables7 famili>ity family>ity gaol jal g5ealogy -alogy1 n -ology gemus g5yus ,gl\ce/] glo/] gooseb]ry gooz1 n goos ,hawaiian ,hawi'yan 7a z 9 arm7 ,hel5a hel'ena 7except ,/4 ,hele'na7 inconv5i5ce inconv5y5ce ,israel izrael1 n issrael jeans janes j\/ j or joo/ l>ynx l>'inx' or la'r9x1 n l>nix lit]ature lit]ature1 or *oor ,messrs4 me%y]z or mesy]z ,m9]alogy -alogy1 n -ology nature nature1 or *oor oleom>g>9e g is h>d1 z 9 get or*id orkid ou/ ow/1 n oo/ peculi> peculy> pecuni>y pekun'y>i p]spiration n prespiratian pre/ige pres'tij or pre/ezh' pronunciation pronunzea%un or pronun%ea%un saucy n sassy s*$ule sk$yul semi n semi !at] !'at] n !a't] turgid turjid usage uzage usurp uzurp v]milion v]milyun wife's n wives ,x]xes z]xes #bbj4 ,,words ,,) ,a ,,sil5t ,,lett]3 almond ahmund *a/5 *as5 *e/nut *esnut gli/5 gliss5 kiln kill (t5 (5 o/l] osl] poignant po9'ant psalt] sawlt] salmon samun s*ism sism s(t5 s(5 subtle sutle sword sord ?yme "t t[>d tord #bba4 ,,works ,,*iefly ,,( ,,=eign ,,pronunciation3 ,,^w ,,correct ,,pronunciation biv\ac biv'wak *>g d'affaires %> zha'daff>' connoisseur connissur di%abille dis'abil ennui onwe1 n ongwe f9ale f9ah'le foy] fwaya' massage masahzh nave nah'ev papi] ma* papya mah%a piquant pe'kant prima facie prima fa'%ie pro tempore pro tem'pore rgime razhem' #bbb4 ,,words ,,(t5 ,,pron\nc$ ,,) ,a ,,wrong ,,numb] ,,( ,,syllables3 a]ial a]eal1 n areal a?lete two sylables1 n a? e lete attack$ attakt1 two syllables casualty kazh'ualte1 n ality conduit condit or kundit1 n dooit diff]5t ?ree syllables1 n diffrunt elm n ellum helm n hel um hi/ory ?ree syllables1 n hi/ry honorable n honrable hygi5ic hy gi en' ic1 f\r syllables int]e/ n intru/ int]e/+ n intru/+ ivory n ivry omelet n omlet realm n rellum sep>able n seprable tickli% two syllables1 n tickeli% valuable valuable1 n valuble vaudeville vodvil ,zeus zus1 n zeus #bbc4 ,,words ,,acc5t$ ,,on ,,! ,,fir/ ,,syllable3 admirable ad'mirable alias a'lias applicable ap'plicable bicycle bi'sikle *a/isem5t *as'tisem5t con/rue con'/rue despicable des'picable desultory des'ultory disputant dis'putant exig5cy ex'ij5cy explicable ex'plicable exquisite ex'quisite extant ex'tant =midable ='midable ,g5oa j5'oa gondola gon'dola h>ass h>'ass hospitable hos'pitable impi\s im'pi\s1 n imp8ous indu/ry 9'du/ry inv5tory 9'v5tory lam5table lam'entable mis*iev\s mis'*iev\s obligatory ob'ligatory p>iah pa'riah p]emptory p]'emptory pref]able pref'erable ,romola ,rom'ola vehem5ce ve'hem5ce #bbd4 ,,words ,,acc5t$ ,,on ,,! ,,second ,,syllable3 ,,^w ,,correct ,,pronunciation abdom5 abdo'm5 acclimate accli'mate acum5 acu'm5 album5 albu'm5 artific] artif'is] bitum5 bitu'm5 *ican]y %ika'n]y illu/rate illus'trate incognito inkog'nito incomp>able incom'p>able indisputable indis'putable inexorable inex'orable inexplicable inex'plicable inhospitable inhos'pitable inquiry inqui'ry irrevocable irrev'ocable miscon/rue miscon'/rue nitrog5\s nitroj'en\s oppon5t oppo'n5t piani/ pian'i/ refutable refut'able syllabic syllab'ic telegraphy teleg'raphy vag>y vaga'ry ,yosemite yo swm' i te #bbe4 ,,words ,,acc5t$ ,,on ,,! ,,la/ ,,syllable3 address address' adept adept' adult adult' ally ally' comm&ant comm&nt' 7 z 9 arm7 cont\r cont\r' dess]t dess]t' dilate dilate' excise eksiz' f9ance f9ance' grimace grimace' importune importune' occult occult' pret5ce pret5ce' rese>* rese>*' robu/ robu/' romance romance' tirade tirade' #bbf4 ,,words ,,^: ,,pronunciation ,,dep5ds ,,on ,,mean+3 acc5t ,acc5t' ! fir/ syllable4 ,place ! ac'c5t ^u ! fir/ syllable4 ag$ ,an a'g$ man4 ,prop]ly ag$ w9e 7"o syllable74 bless$ ,! bless'ed sa9ts4 ,let !m be bless$ 7"o syllable74 contra/ ,! /range con'tra/4 ,contra/' ! two4 conv]se ,did y conv]se' ) him8 ,is ! con'v]se true8 des]t ,! s&y des'ert4 ,!y des]t' _! fri5ds4 le>n$ ,he le>n$ 7"o syllable7 to s+4 ,a le>n ed man4 prec$5t ,a prece'd5t place4 ,x e/abli%es a prec'ed5t4 project ,a new proj'ect4 ,to project' f4 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,miscellane\s ,,errors ,,admire4 ,d n use admire 9 ! s5se ( l4 ,wrong3 ,i %\ld admire to be able to d t4 ,"r3 ,i %\ld l to be able to d t4 ,,aggravate4 ,d n use aggravate 9 ! s5se ( irritate or di/urb4 ,aggravate means to make worse4 ,wrong3 ,8 impud5ce aggravates me4 ,"r3 ,8 impud5ce irritates me4 ,,a9',t4 ,a9't & ha9't are nev] prop] z contractions ( am n1 is n1 or are n4 ,,all[4 ,d n use all[ 9 ! s5se ( ass]t1 say1 or int5d4 ,wrong3 ,he all[$ t he _h bett] />t4 ,i all[ to be back be=e noon4 ,"r3 ,he said t he _h bett] />t4 ,i int5d to be back be=e noon4 ,,allude4 ,d n use allude 9 ! s5se ( ref]4 ,to allude to a ?+ means to ref] to x 9 an indirect way4 ,wrong3 ,he allud$ by "n to ,john ,milton4 ,"r3 ,he allud$ to ,milton by ! t]m ,bl9d ,poet4 ,,any4 ,d n use any 9 ! s5se ( at all or to any degree4 ,wrong3 ,because ( ! injury he c n see any4 ,,z4 ,d n use z = ! relative pron\ns :o & t4 ,wrong3 ,i am ! man z digs y\r g>d54 ,n z ,i rememb]4 ,"r3 ,i am ! man :o digs y\r g>d54 ,n t ,i rememb]4 ,,z4 ,d n use z 9 ! s5se ( s9ce or because4 ,wrong3 ,i _c come z ,i am sick n[4 ,"r3 ,i _c come2 ,i am sick n[4 ,"r3 ,i _c come because ,i am sick n[4 ,,at4 ,d n use at = 9 ) ! names ( l>ge cities ,wrong3 ,he lives at ,philadelphia4 ,"r3 ,he lives 9 ,philadelphia4 ,,attackt$4 ,d n use ?is =m = attack$4 ,,awful1 ,,awfully4 ,^! are two v mu* ov]work$ words4 ,sub/itute o!r & m accurate expressions4 ,wrong3 ,we h _h an awfully good "t4 ,t is an awfully pretty dress4 ,"r3 ,we h _h an exce$+ly nice "t4 ,t is a v pretty dress4 ,,badly4 ,d n use badly 9 ! s5se ( v mu*4 ,wrong3 ,%e want$ badly to come4 ,"r3 ,%e want$ v mu* to come4 ,,beside1 ,,besides4 ,beside means next to4 ,besides means 9 addition to4 ,"r3 ,john lives beside 8 "m4 ,"r3 ,besides ! daught]s1 !re are ?ree sons4 ,,betwe54 ,d n use betwe5 :5 ref]r+ to m ?an two objects4 ,wrong3 ,!re is bad feel+ betwe5 ! memb]s ( ! class4 ,"r3 ,!re is bad feel+ among ! memb]s ( ! class4 ,,bl[$4 ,d n use bl[$ = blew or bl[n4 ,!re is no su* ^w4 ,,be/4 ,d n use be/ :5 only two objects are ref]r$ to4 ,use bett]4 ,be/ %\ld be us$ only :5 m ?an two are ref]r$ to4 ,wrong3 ,he is ! be/ ( ! two bro!rs4 ,"r3 ,he is ! bett] ( ! two bro!rs4 ,"r3 ,he is ! be/ ( ! ?ree bro!rs4 ,,b\nd4 ,d n use b\nd = det]m9$4 ,wrong3 ,he 0 b\nd to g skat+4 ,"r3 ,he 0 det]m9$ to g skat+4 ,"r3 ,he b\nd himself to pay ?ree hundr$ doll>s4 ,,b4 ,d n use b aft] a negative 9 ! s5se ( only4 ,see #df4 ,wrong3 ,!re isn't b "o apple left4 ,"r3 ,!re is b "o apple left4 ,,calculate4 ,d n use calculate 9 ! s5se ( ?9k1 expect1 or int5d4 ,,c4 ,d n use c to d5ote p]mission4 ,x d5otes ability or possibility4 ,may d5otes p]mission4 ,see #fi ,wrong3 ,c ,i speak to y = a m9ute8 ,"r3 ,may ,i speak to y = a mom5t8 ,,"*1 ,,reputation4 ,d n confuse ^! two words4 ,"* means "o's moral condition4 ,reputation means ! morality t o!rs believe "o to possess4 ,,clum4 ,!re is no su* =m ( ! v]b climb4 ,,complect$4 ,d n use complect$ = complexion$4 ,see #dj4 ,,conclude4 ,d n use conclude 9 ! s5se ( =m+ an int5tion4 ,"r3 ,f9ally1 ,i decid$ to g home4 ,"r3 ,i 0 =c$ to conclude t ,i _h made an error4 ,,consid]able4 ,d n use consid]able 9 ! s5se ( v mu*4 ,wrong3 ,?is lesson is consid]able bett] ?an ye/]day's4 ,,cute4 ,a mu* ov]work$ ^w4 ,use "s expression t is m accurate2 z1 pretty1 amus+1 etc4 ,,decease1 ,,disease4 ,d n confuse decease & disease4 ,! fir/ means dea?1 ! second sickness4 ,! deceas$ means a p]son :o is dead4 ,wrong3 ,! diseas$ w be buri$ at f\r o'clock4 ,wrong3 ,! prop]ty ( ! diseas$ w be sold at auction4 ,,decease4 ,d n use decease z a v]b 9 ! s5se ( die4 ,wrong3 ,8 fa!r deceas$ la/ ye>4 ,,dem&4 ,dem& %\ld n h a p]son z its object4 ,wrong3 ,he dem&$ ,john to pay4 ,"r3 ,he dem&$ paym5t f ,john4 ,he dem&$ t ,john pay4 ,,diff]5t4 ,use ! preposition f aft] diff]5t1 n ?an4 ,,don',t4 ,d n use don't ) a subject 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4 ,see #fd4 ,,d[n4 ,d n use d[n z a v]b 9 ! s5se ( defeat or ov]?r[4 ,wrong3 ,our football team has d[n$ e o!r team 9 ! /ate4 ,"r3 ,our football team has defeat$ e o!r team 9 ! /ate4 ,,dr[nd$4 ,dr[nd$ is n a prop] =m ( ! v]b dr[n4 ,say dr[n$4 7,pron\nc$ dr[nd47 ,,ea* ,,o!r4 ,d n use ea* o!r to ref] to m ?an two objects4 ,see #dd4 ,wrong3 ,! memb]s ( ! regim5t help$ ea* o!r4 ,"r3 ,! memb]s ( ! regim5t help$ "o ano!r4 ,,effect1 ,,affect4 ,d n confuse effect & affect4 ,effect means a result1 or to cause a ?+ to be done4 ,affect means to di/urb or h an influ5ce on4 ,wrong3 ,! news effect$ him s]i\sly4 ,"r3 ,! news affect$ him s]i\sly4 ,wrong3 ,! affect ( ?is news 0 to cause w>4 ,"r3 ,! effect ( ?is news 0 to cause w>4 ,,ei!r4 ,d n use ei!r ) ref]5ce to m ?an two objects1 nor foll[ x by a plural v]b4 ,see #dc4 ,wrong3 ,ei!r ( ! ?ree w d4 ,ei!r y or ,john h done x4 ,"r3 ,any "o ( ! ?ree w d4 ,ei!r y or ,john has done x4 ,,emigrate1 ,,immigrate4 ,d n confuse emigrate & immigrate4 ,to emigrate means to g out ( a place1 to immigrate means to come into a place4 ,"r3 ,! ,italians emigrate f _! c\ntry4 ,"r3 ,( ^? :o immigrate to ,am]ica1 a l>ge numb] are ,italians4 ,,en\gh4 ,d n foll[ en\gh by a clause beg9n+ ) t or s t4 ,wrong3 ,i /udi$ en\gh t ,i c\ld recite ! lesson4 ,"r3 ,i /udi$ en\gh to recite ! lesson4 ,,en?use4 ,d n use en?use 9 ! s5se ( to create en?usiasm4 ,wrong3 ,he tri$ to en?use 8 audi5ce4 ,"r3 ,he tri$ to ar\se en?usiasm 9 8 audi5ce4 ,,etc4 ,etc4 /&s = et cet]a1 & means & s =?4 ,d n spell x ect4 ,d n use x 9 composition t is int5d$ to be elegant4 ,,ev]ybody4 ,ev]ybody %\ld n be foll[$ by a plural v]b or a plural pron\n4 ,see #ba4 ,,except1 ,,accept4 ,d n confuse ^! two words4 ,accept means to ackn[l$ge4 ,except means to exclude4 ,"r3 ,i _c accept su* slov5ly "w4 ,wrong3 ,i except y\r apology4 ,,except4 ,d n use except = unless4 ,see #he4 ,wrong3 ,i c n sleep except x is quiet4 ,,expect4 ,d n use expect 9 ! s5se ( suppose or ?9k4 ,wrong3 ,i expect y h read t book4 ,"r3 ,i suppose y h read t book4 ,,f9e4 ,d n use f9e 9 place ( "s m def9ite ^w4 ,f9e is a mu* ov]-work$ ^w4 ,wrong3 ,! book is f9e = class-room "w4 ,"r3 ,! book is well adapt$ = class-room "w4 ,,fir/ly4 ,fir/ly %\ld nev] be us$4 ,say fir/4 ,see #dj4 ,,fir/-,,rate4 ,d n use fir/-rate z an adv]b 9 ! s5se ( v well4 ,wrong3 ,t does fir/-rate4 ,"r3 ,t does v well4 ,"r3 ,he is a fir/-rate fell[4 ,,=m]4 ,d n use =m] :5 m ?an two are ref]r$ to4 ,say fir/4 ,see #da4 ,,f4 ,d n use f ) :5ce1 h5ce & !nce4 ,wrong3 ,f :5ce h y come8 ,"r3 ,:5ce h y come8 ,f :]e h y come8 ,,funny4 ,d n use funny = s+ul> or /range4 ,funny is an ov]work$ ^w4 ,wrong3 ,x is funny t he di$4 ,"r3 ,x is s+ul> t he di$4 ,,g5t4 ,d n use ! ^w at all4 ,say g5tleman or man4 ,,g5tleman4 ,d n use g5tleman to d5ote sex only4 ,say man4 ,g5tleman is prop]ly us$1 h[ev]1 to d5ote a p]son ( ref9em5t4 ,wrong3 ,only g5tlem5 are all[$ to vote 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,"r3 ,mr4 ,l9coln 0 a g5tleman 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,,got4 ,d n use got ) h or _h to indicate m]ely possession or obligation4 ,got means acquir$ ?r\gh ef=t4 ,wrong3 ,i h got ! measles4 ,y h got to d x4 ,"r3 ,i h ! measles4 ,y mu/ d x4 ,"r3 ,aft] mu* /udy ,i h got my lesson4 ,,gr&4 ,d n use gr& 9 place ( "s m def9ite & accurate expression4 ,x is ano!r ov]-work$ ^w4 ,wrong3 ,we h _h a gr& "t ?is aft]noon4 ,"r3 ,we h _h a v pleasant "t ?is aft]noon4 ,,guess4 ,d n use guess 9 ! s5se ( ?9k or suppose4 ,wrong3 ,i guess ! tra9s are late to-day4 ,"r3 ,i suppose ! tra9s are late to-day4 ,"r3 ,c y guess ! riddle8 ,,_h ,,ought4 ,d n use _h ) ought4 ,see #ed4 ,,h>dly4 ,d n use h>dly aft] a negative4 ,see #df4 ,wrong3 ,i c n h>dly believe t4 ,"r3 ,i c h>dly believe t4 ,,h4 ,d n use h aft] _h4 ,wrong3 ,if ,i _h h be5 able to g4 ,"r3 ,if ,i _h be5 able to g4 ,,heigh?4 ,d n use heigh? = height4 ,,hung4 ,d n confuse hung & hang$4 ,hang$ is ! prop] ^w to use 9 ref]5ce to executions4 ,wrong3 ,he 0 condemn$ to be hung4 ,"r3 ,he 0 condemn$ to be hang$4 ,"r3 ,! picture 0 hung 9 ! p>lor4 ,,humbug4 ,d n use humbug z a v]b4 ,wrong3 ,he has humbugg$ ! p = ye>s4 ,,illy4 ,d n use illy = ! adv]b ill4 ,see #dj4 ,,91 ,,into4 ,d n confuse 9 & into4 ,wrong3 ,he w5t 9 ! h\se4 ,"r3 ,he w5t into ! h\se4 ,"r3 ,he ex]cis$ 9 a gymnasium4 ,,k9d4 ,d n prec$e k9d by ^? or ^!4 ,wrong3 ,i d n l ^? k9d ( plays4 ,"r3 ,i d n l t k9d ( play4 ,,k9d ,,( ,a4 ,d n use a or an aft] k9d (4 ,see #dg4 ,wrong3 ,x is "o k9d ( a mi/ake4 ,"r3 ,x is "o k9d ( mi/ake4 ,,lady4 ,d n use lady to designate sex only4 ,x is prop]ly us$ to indicate p]sons ( ref9em5t4 ,wrong3 ,is ,mrs4 ,johnson a color$ lady8 ,"r3 ,is ,mrs4 ,johnson a color$ woman8 ,"r3 ,mrs4 ,johnson is a color$ woman1 & a lady4 ,,latt]4 ,d n use latt] to ref] to m ?an two objects4 ,use la/4 ,see #da4 ,,lay4 ,d n confuse lay & lie4 ,see #eg4 ,,le>n4 ,d n confuse le>n & tea*4 ,le>n means to acquire k4 ,tea* means to imp>t k4 ,wrong3 ,he c le>n y z mu* z any "o c4 ,"r3 ,he c tea* y z mu* z any "o c4 ,,leave4 ,d n confuse leave & let4 ,leave means to let rema94 ,let means to give p]mission4 ,wrong3 ,w y\r "m leave y g8 ,"r3 ,w y\r "m let y g8 ,"r3 ,i %all leave my trunk 9 my room4 ,,liable4 ,d n use liable = likely4 ,wrong3 ,x is liable to ra9 to-day4 ,"r3 ,x is likely to ra9 to-day4 ,"r3 ,he is liable = all t he has agre$ to pay4 ,,lightn+4 ,d n use lightn+ z a v]b 9 place ( light5s4 ,wrong3 ,dur+ ! /orm1 x lightn+s frequ5tly4 ,"r3 ,dur+ ! /orm1 x light5s frequ5tly4 ,,l4 ,d n use l = z4 ,l is a preposition4 ,z is a conjunction4 ,wrong3 ,he doesn't talk l he did ye/]day4 ,"r3 ,he doesn't talk z he did ye/]day4 ,"r3 ,x looks l a mahogany *air4 ,,lit ,,on4 ,d n use lit on 9 ! s5se ( met ) or discov]$4 ,wrong3 ,i at la/ lit on ?is plan4 ,,lot4 ,d n use lot 9 ! s5se ( a great numb] or a great deal4 ,wrong3 ,a lot ( p 7 !re1 ,%e talks a lot4 ,,mo/4 ,d n use mo/ = almo/4 ,wrong3 ,i h mo/ complet$ ! book4 ,"r3 ,i h almo/ complet$ ! book4 ,"r3 ,he has done ! mo/ ( ! "w4 ,,mrs4 ,d n use ,mrs4 be=e titles2 z1 ,mrs4 ,presid5t1 ,mrs4 ,pr(essor1 ,mrs4 ,doctor4 ,,mu*4 ,d n use mu* = _m4 ,mu* ref]s to quantity4 ,_m ref]s to numb]4 ,wrong3 ,z mu* z five hundr$ p 7 pres5t4 ,"r3 ,z _m z five hundr$ p 7 pres5t4 ,,mutual4 ,d n confuse mutual & common4 ,mutual means int]*ang$4 ,wrong3 ,john & ,william _h a mutual lik+ = ,m>y4 ,"r3 ,john & ,william _h a common lik+ = ,m>y4 ,"r3 ,john & ,william _h a mutual lik+ = ea* o!r4 ,,ne>4 ,d n use ne> = ne>ly4 ,wrong3 ,he ran ne> all ! way to ! /ation4 ,i came ne>ly mak+ ! same mi/ake4 ,"r3 ,he ran ne>ly all ! way to ! /ation4 ,i came ne> mak+ ! same mi/ake4 ,,n]ve4 ,d n use n]ve 9 ! s5se ( impud5ce4 ,,newsy4 ,d n use newsy 9 ! s5se ( full ( news4 ,,nei!r4 ,d n use nei!r ) ref]5ce to m ?an two objects1 nor foll[ x by a plural v]b4 ,wrong3 ,nei!r ( ! ?ree c\ld come4 ,nei!r ( ! two are "h4 ,"r3 ,no "o ( ! ?ree c\ld come4 ,nei!r ( ! two is "h4 ,,no ,,good4 ,d n use no good 9 ! s5se ( wor?less or n good4 ,wrong3 ,! book is no good4 ,,no ,,place4 ,d n use no place aft] a negative4 ,see #df4 ,wrong3 ,i am n go+ no place4 ,"r3 ,i am n go+ any:]e4 ,i am go+ n[h]e4 ,,notori\s4 ,d n use notori\s 9 ! s5se ( fam\s or not$4 ,notori\s means ( evil reputation4 ,wrong3 ,glad/one 0 a notori\s /atesman ( ,engl&4 ,"r3 ,sev]al notori\s ?ieves 7 arre/$4 ,,n[h]e ,,ne>4 ,d n use n[h]e ne> = n ne>ly4 ,see #dj4 ,wrong3 ,n[h]e ne> s _m p came z 7 expect$4 ,"r3 ,n ne>ly s _m p came z 7 expect$4 ,"r3 ,james 0 n[h]e ne> ! sc5e ( ! fire4 ,,(4 ,d n use ( = h 9 su* expressions z c\ld1 h1 might h1 %\ld h1 etc4 ,wrong3 ,if ,i c\ld ( be5 !re4 ,"r3 ,if ,i c\ld h be5 !re4 ,,only4 ,gu>d aga9/ ! improp] use ( only aft] a negative4 ,see #df4 ,wrong3 ,!re are n only f\r books on t subject4 ,"r3 ,!re are only f\r books on t subject4 ,,outside ,,(4 ,d n use outside ( = aside f4 ,wrong3 ,outside ( ,james1 all _h a good "t4 ,"r3 ,aside f ,james1 all _h a good "t4 ,,ov] ,,)4 ,d n use ov] ) = ov]4 ,wrong3 ,i mu/ write ! lett] & h x ov] )4 ,,pants4 ,d n use ! ^w pants = tr\s]s4 ,,photo4 ,d n use photo = photograph4 ,,piece4 ,d n use piece 9 ! s5se ( way or di/ance4 ,wrong3 ,i %all walk a little piece ) y4 ,"r3 ,i %all walk a little way ) y4 ,,place4 ,d n use place aft] any1 e1 no1 etc41 9 ! s5se ( any:]e1 ev]y:]e1 n[h]e1 etc4 ,wrong3 ,i c n f9d x any place4 ,"r3 ,i c n f9d x any:]e4 ,,pl5ty4 ,d n use pl5ty z an adjective or an adv]b4 ,wrong3 ,money is pl5ty4 ,he is pl5ty able to d x4 ,"r3 ,money is pl5tiful4 ,he is q able to d x4 ,,poorly4 ,d n use poorly = ill or bad4 ,wrong3 ,he feels v poorly4 ,,pr9ciple1 ,,pr9cipal4 ,d n confuse pr9ciple & pr9cipal4 ,pr9ciple means a rule or tru?4 ,pr9cipal means lead]1 *ief1 ! mo/ important4 ,,propose4 ,d n use propose 9 ! s5se ( int5d4 ,wrong3 ,i propose to tell all ,i "k4 ,"r3 ,i int5d to tell all ,i "k4 ,,provid+4 ,d n use provid+ = if or on ! condition4 ,wrong3 ,i w g provid+ y c get tickets = ?ree4 ,"r3 ,i w g on ! condition t y get ! tickets4 ,,raise1 ,,rise4 ,d n confuse raise ) rise4 ,see #eg4 ,,recomm5d1 ,,recomm5dation4 ,d n use recomm5d z a n\n4 ,recomm5dation is ! n\n4 ,wrong3 ,h] employ] gave h] a good recomm5d4 ,"r3 ,h] employ] gave h] a good recomm5dation4 ,,"r ,,away1 ,,"r ,,(f4 ,d n use "r away or "r (f 9 ! s5se ( imm$iately4 ,wrong3 ,aft] ! play we w come "r (f4 ,"r3 ,aft] ! play we w come at once4 ,,same4 ,d n use same z a pron\n4 ,wrong3 ,i w write ! lett] & mail same at once4 ,"r3 ,i w write ! lett] & mail x at once4 ,,say4 ,d n use say 9 ! s5se ( ord] or comm&4 ,wrong3 ,y\r "m said = y to come home at once4 ,"r3 ,y\r "m said t y %\ld come home at once4 ,,sc>cely4 ,d n use sc>cely aft] a negative4 ,see #df4 ,wrong3 ,!re 0 n sc>cely a p\nd ( meat = u all4 ,"r3 ,!re 0 sc>cely a p\nd ( meat = u all4 ,,seldom ,,ev]4 ,d n use seldom ) ev]4 ,say in/ead seldom or seldom1 if ev]4 ,wrong3 ,fires seldom ev] occur4 ,"r3 ,fires seldom occur4 ,fires seldom1 if ev] occur4 ,,%ut ,,(4 ,d n use %ut ( 9 ! s5se ( rid (4 ,wrong3 ,we are %ut ( him at la/4 ,,sight4 ,d n use sight 9 ! s5se ( _m or mu*4 ,wrong3 ,a great sight ( p flock$ to he> him4 ,"r3 ,a great _m p flock$ to he> him4 ,,sit1 ,,set4 ,d n confuse ^! two words4 ,see #eg4 ,,s4 ,d n use s alone z a conjunction4 ,say s t4 ,wrong3 ,he spoke 9 ! op5 air1 s m c\ld see & he> him4 ,"r3 ,he spoke 9 ! op5 air1 s t m c\ld see & he> him4 ,,"s4 ,d n use "s z an adv]b 9 ! s5se ( some:at or a little4 ,wrong3 ,he plays ! viol9 "s4 ,"r3 ,he plays ! viol9 a little4 ,,sort ,,( ,a4 ,d n use a aft] sort (4 ,see ,k9d ( a4 ,,sort4 ,d n prec$e sort by ^! or ^?4 ,see ,k9d4 ,,su*4 ,d n foll[ su* by :o1 :i*1 or t z relatives4 ,wrong3 ,all su* p]sons :o ?9k s w soon see _! mi/ake4 ,"r3 ,all su* p]sons z ?9k s w soon see _! mi/ake4 ,"r3 ,he spoke ) su* =ce t we 7 compell$ to li/54 7,t is n a relative "h47 ,,ta/y4 ,d n use ta/y 9 ! s5se ( ta/eful4 ,,t4 ,d n use t z an adv]b4 ,wrong3 ,i did n ?9k ! book 0 t small4 ,"r3 ,i did n ?9k t ! book 0 s small4 ,,t ,,!re1 ,,?is ,,"h1 ,,^! ,,"h1 ,,^? ,,!re4 ,!re & "h1 9 all ^! expressions are worse ?an unnecess>y4 ,,!m ,,!re4 ,d n use !m !re = ^?4 ,wrong3 ,br+ me !m !re books4 ,"r3 ,br+ me ^? books4 ,,?ree ,,fir/1 ,,two ,,fir/1 ,,etc4 ,d n say ?ree fir/1 b fir/ ?ree4 ,!re c be only "o fir/4 ,,too4 ,d n use too alone be=e a v]b or a p>ticiple4 ,wrong3 ,he is too excit$ to li/5 to y4 ,"r3 ,he is too mu* excit$ to li/5 to y4 ,,v4 ,d n use v alone be=e a v]b or a p>ticiple4 ,wrong3 ,y are v mi/ak54 ,"r3 ,y are v mu* mi/ak54 ,,wait ,,on1 ,,wait ,,=4 ,d n confuse ^! two expressions4 ,wait on means to s]ve4 ,wait = means to await4 ,wrong3 ,d n wait on me if ,i d n come at noon4 ,"r3 ,d n wait = me if ,i d n come at noon4 ,,wake1 ,,awake4 ,d n confuse wake & awake4 ,see #eg4 ,,index ,ref]5ces are to pages4 ,sections or subdivisions on ! pages are sometimes indicat$ 9 p>5!sis aft] ! page numb]s4 ,s9ce ! ,,ex]cises foll[ ?r\gh\t ! subjects treat$1 ex]cises on any subject may be f\nd by look+ up t subject 9 ?is text index4 ,a1 use ( article4 ,abbreviat$ words1 rule aga9/4 ,abbreviations1 punctuation ( 7#ajb72 use (1 9 lett]s4 ,accept1 = except1 ,gloss>y4 ,active voice & passive voice1 expla9$2 =ms (4 ,adjectives1 def9$2 capitalization ( prop]2 confus$ ) adv]bs2 di/+ui%$ f adv]bs2 errors 9 comp>ison (2 improp] =ms (2 li/ ( irregul>2 plac+ (2 adjective pron\ns2 punctuation ( two or m adjectives modify+ same n\n 7#ajf72 s+ul> & plural4 ,admire1 = l1 ,gloss>y4 ,adv]bs1 def9$2 comp>ison (2 conjunctive2 confusion ) adjectives2 di/+ui%$ f adjectives2 d\ble negative2 errors 9 comp>ison2 li/ ( irregul>ly comp>$2 omission (2 punctuation ( 7#aaf71 7#aba74 sop's ,fables1 quotation f4 ,affect1 = effect1 ,gloss>y4 ,aggravate1 = irritate1 ,gloss>y4 ,agreem5t1 ( adjective & n\n2 ( pron\n & antec$5t2 ( v]b & subject2 ( v]b 9 clauses4 ,a9't1 ,gloss>y4 ,all[1 = ass]t or int5d1 ,gloss>y4 ,allude1 = ref]1 ,gloss>y4 ,also1 )\t &4 ,among1 = betwe51 ,gloss>y4 ,an1 use ( article4 ,&1 use (4 ,antec$5ts1 ( pron\ns1 def9$2 agreem5t ( pron\ns &2 cle>ness (2 comp\nd2 indef9ite2 ( relative pron\ns4 ,any1 = at all1 ,gloss>y4 ,apo/rophe1 g5]al use (2 ) plural n\ns2 ) possessive n\ns2 ) possessive pron\ns4 ,apposition1 expla9$4 ,appositives1 punctuation ( 7#ajh74 ,argue1 = augur4 ,arise4 ,articles1 expla9$2 use (4 ,z1 z conjunction or adv]b2 z a relative pron\n1 ,gloss>y2 = l2 = s9ce1 ,gloss>y2 punctuation ( 7#abb74 ,at1 = 91 ,gloss>y4 ,attackt$1 mispronunciation ( attack$1 ,gloss>y4 ,attribute complem5t1 expla9$2 case ( 7note #b74 ,auxili>y v]bs1 expla9$2 %all & w2 %\ld & w\ld2 may1 c1 might1 & c\ld4 ,avocation1 = vocation4 ,awake1 = wake1 ,gloss>y4 ,awful1 = awfully1 ,gloss>y4 ,bad1 = badly1 ,gloss>y4 ,balanc$ s5t5ce4 ,b>b>isms1 def9$2 rules = avoidance (2 :5 prop]4 ,beg9n+ ( ! composition4 ,beside1 = besides1 ,gloss>y4 ,be/1 = bett]1 ,gloss>y4 ,betwe51 = among1 ,gloss>y4 ,bible1 capitalization ( 7#ajj74 ,bl[$1 = blew1 ,gloss>y4 ,body1 ( ! lett]4 ,books = read+1 li/ (4 ,b\nd1 = det]m9$1 ,gloss>y4 ,brackets1 use (4 ,b1 z a relative pron\n2 ) a negative2 ) a dep5d5t clause2 to introduce two succe$+ /atem5ts4 ,b t1 = b :at4 ,calculate1 = int5d4 ,c1 use (2 model conjugation (4 ,cant expressions1 9 lett]s4 ,capitalization1 rules =4 ,cases1 classifi$ & def9$2 case =ms ( pron\ns2 case ( ^w 9 apposition2 case =ms ( relative pron\ns2 outl9e = use ( case =ms2 rules = =m+ possessive4 ,"*1 = reputation1 ,gloss>y4 ,"* ( ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 by ,*ann+1 quotation f4 ,*oice ( words1 rules to aid 94 ,*ri/mas1 by ,wa%+ton ,irv+1 quotation f4 ,claim1 = ass]t4 ,clauses1 def9$2 adjective2 adv]bial2 agreem5t1 ( v]b 92 pr9cipal or indep5d5t2 subord9ate or dep5d5t2 sub/antive2 :5 & :]e clauses4 ,climax 9 s5t5ces4 ,clipp$ words1 rule aga9/4 ,close ( lett]4 ,clum1 = climb$1 ,gloss>y4 ,9 c>e (1 misuse ( co =4 ,coh]5ce1 ( p>agraph2 h[ to ga9 9 p>agraph2 illu/rations ( 9 p>agraph2 ( s5t5ce2 ( :ole composition2 words (4 ,colon4 ,comma blund]4 ,comma4 ,common g5d]1 def9$1 ( n\ns & pron\ns4 ,comp>ative degree2 misuse (1 9 ref]5ce to m ?an two ?+s4 ,comp>ison1 degrees (2 irregul> =ms 92 errors 92 mann] ( comp>+4 ,complect$1 = complexion$1 ,gloss>y4 ,complex s5t5ce4 ,complim5t>y close1 9 lett]s4 ,comp\nd n\ns1 expla9$2 rules = =m+ plurals (4 ,comp\nd pron\ns1 p]sonal2 relative4 ,comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,comp\nd subject2 agreem5t ( v]b )4 ,comp\nd words1 use ( hyph5 ) 7#adj74 ,conclud$1 = to =m an op9ion1 ,gloss>y4 ,conditional clauses1 punctuation ( 7#aad74 ,confusion ( adjectives & adv]bs4 ,conjunctions1 def9$2 misuses (2 correlatives4 ,consid]able1 = consid]ably1 ,gloss>y4 ,consul1 = c\ncil1 or c\nsel4 ,contractions ( n1 use (1 9 =mal composition4 ,co-ord9ate clauses1 punctuation ( 7#aab1 #aac71 7#aah1 #aai1 #abj74 ,copulative v]b4 ,correctly writt5 lett]s4 ,correlatives1 plac+ (4 ,c\ld1 use (2 model conjugations (4 ,c\ncil1 c\nsel & consul confus$4 ,cran=d1 by ,mrs4 ,gaskell1 selection f4 ,cute1 = pretty1 clev]1 etc41 ,gloss>y4 ,da%1 use (4 ,decease1 ,gloss>y4 ,def9ition1 by a :5 or :]e clause4 ,degrees 9 comp>ison1 classifi$4 ,dem&1 ,gloss>y4 ,dep5d5t & conditional clauses1 punctuation ( 7#aad71 7#aai1 #abj74 ,diction>y1 value ( its use4 ,diff]5t1 ) ?an1 ,gloss>y4 ,directly1 misus$ z a conjunction4 ,disease1 ,gloss>y4 ,division ( words at ends ( l9es 7#aci74 ,don't1 ,gloss>y4 ,d\ble negatives4 ,d[n1 misuse z a v]b1 ,gloss>y4 ,dr[nd$1 mispronunciation ( dr[n$1 ,gloss>y4 ,ea/1 capitalization ( 7#ajj74 ,ea* o!r1 misuse ) m ?an two objects1 ,gloss>y4 ,effect1 = affect1 ,gloss>y4 ,ei!r1 misuse ) m ?an two objects1 ,gloss>y4 ,ei!r-or4 ,elem5ts ( ! s5t5ce3 ,pr9cipal elem5ts1 subject2 pr$icate4 ,subord9ate elem5ts3 attribute complem5t2 adjective modifi]2 adv]bial modifi]2 object complem5t4 ,emigration1 = immigration1 ,gloss>y4 ,emphasis1 9 p>agraphs2 9 s5t5ce4 ,end+ ( :ole composition4 ,en\gh1 ,gloss>y4 ,eu?use1 ,gloss>y4 ,enum]ations1 punctuation be=e1 7#abb1 #abc74 ,esq41 misuse aft] ,mr44 ,etc41 misspell+ (1 ,gloss>y4 ,euphony1 9 s5t5ces4 ,ev]ybody1 foll[$ by a plural =m1 ,gloss>y4 ,ev]y:]es1 = ev]y:]e4 ,examples1 ( beg9n+ ( :ole composition2 ( correctly writt5 lett]s2 ( end+ ( :ole composition2 ( outl9e ( :ole composition4 ,exclamation po9t1 use (4 ,except1 = accept1 ,gloss>y4 ,explanatory relative clauses1 punctuation ( 7#aaa74 ,expletives4 ,expect1 = suppose4 ,fall1 = fell4 ,fa!r1 capitalization ( 7#ii74 ,fell1 = fall4 ,fem99e g5d]1 def9$2 ( n\ns & pron\ns4 ,f9al words1 9 lett]s4 ,f9e-writ+4 ,f9e1 ,gloss>y4 ,fir/ly1 ,gloss>y4 ,fir/-rate1 ,gloss>y4 ,=1 us$ to introduce two succe$+ clauses4 ,=eign words4 ,=m]1 ,gloss>y4 ,=m ( lett]s4 ,f1 ,gloss>y4 ,funny1 = s+ul>1 ,gloss>y4 ,g5d]1 def9$ & classifi$ =mation ( fem99e f mascul9e2 g5d] ( pron\ns4 ,g5]al t]ms1 use (4 ,g5t1 ,gloss>y4 ,g5tleman1 ,gloss>y4 ,geographical names1 punctuation ( 7#ajh74 ,g]unds1 explanation (2 confusion ) p>ticiple2 ) n\n or pron\n modifi]2 plac+ ( g]und phrase4 ,gettysburg spee*1 by ,l9coln4 ,good1 = well4 ,good use ( words2 (f5ses aga9/4 ,got1 ,gloss>y4 ,gr&1 ,gloss>y4 ,grave =ms ( p]sonal pron\ns1 use (4 ,guess1 = ?9k1 ,gloss>y4 ,hackney$ expressions1 g5]al rule aga9/2 9 lett]s4 ,_h1 ought1 ,gloss>y4 ,ha9't1 ,gloss>y4 ,hang$1 confus$ ) hung1 ,gloss>y4 ,h>dly1 plac+ (2 ) a negative1 ,gloss>y4 ,h1 misuse aft] _h1 ,gloss>y4 ,head+1 ( lett]s4 ,heigh?1 = height1 ,gloss>y4 ,"h1 misuse ) demon/ratives1 ,gloss>y4 ,h]'n4 ,him1 misuse ) g]und4 ,hisself4 ,8'n4 ,home1 confus$ ) h\se2 = at home1 ,gloss>y4 ,humbug1 ,gloss>y4 ,hung1 confus$ ) hang$1 ,gloss>y4 ,hyph51 use (4 ,i1 capitalization ( 7#ajj74 ,ord] (4 ,9 ! lett]4 ,idioms4 i4 e41 punctuation ( 7#abb74 ,illy1 ,gloss>y4 ,immigration1 confus$ ) emigration1 ,gloss>y4 ,imp]ative mode4 ,improv+ "o's vocabul>y1 rules =4 ,improprieties4 ,ind5tation1 ( p>agraph2 ( p>agraph1 9 lett]s4 ,inf9itives1 explanation (2 =ms (2 cases us$ )2 rules = sequ5ce ( inf9itive t5ses2 split4 ,inflection1 def9$4 ,91 confus$ ) into1 ,gloss>y4 ,inside address ( lett]s4 ,int]jection4 ,int]rogation po9t1 use (4 ,int]rogative pron\ns4 ,intransitive v]bs1 see ,transitive4 ,introductory words or phrases1 punctuation ( 7#ajg74 ,k9d1 ) plural modifi]s1 ,gloss>y4 ,k9d ( a4 ,lady1 ,gloss>y4 ,latt]1 confus$ ) la/1 ,gloss>y4 ,lay1 confus$ ) lie4 ,le>n1 = tea*1 ,gloss>y4 ,leave1 = let1 ,gloss>y4 ,l5d1 confus$ ) loan4 ,l5g?1 ( p>agraphs2 ( s5t5ces4 ,lett] writ+2 body ( lett]2 close2 head+2 illu/rations ( correctly writt5 lett]s2 inside address2 miscellane\s directions2 notes 9 ?ird p]son2 outside address2 salutation4 ,liable1 = likely4 ,lie1 confus$ ) lay4 ,lightn+1 ,gloss>y4 ,l1 misuse z a conjunction4 ,lit on1 ,gloss>y4 ,loan1 confus$ ) l5d4 ,loose s5t5ces4 ,lot = a great deal1 ,gloss>y4 ,mad1 = angry4 ,mascul9e g5d]1 def9$2 ( pron\ns4 ,may2 model conjugation (4 ,messrs41 use (4 ,might2 model conjugations (4 ,mode1 def9ition (2 indicative2 inf9itive2 imp]ative2 obligative1 footnote2 p>ticipal2 pot5tial1 (2 subjunctive4 ,modifi]s1 plac+ (4 ,mo/ = almo/4 ,"m1 capitalization ( 7#ii74 ,mrs41 ,gloss>y4 ,mu*1 = _m4 ,mu*ly4 ,mutual1 confus$ ) common1 ,gloss>y4 ,"n1 =m ( v]b4 ,namely1 punctuation ( 7#abb74 ,ne>1 confus$ ) ne>ly4 ,nei!r1 misuse ) m ?an two objects1 ,gloss>y4 ,nei!r-nor4 ,n]ve1 ,gloss>y4 ,neut] g5d]1 def9$2 ( n\ns & pron\ns4 ,newly co9$ expressions1 rule aga9/4 ,newsy1 ,gloss>y4 ,nom9ative case1 def9$2 :5 us$1 note4 ,no place1 ,gloss>y4 ,no1 punctuation ( 7#ajb74 ,no good1 = wor?less4 ,nor?1 capitalization ( 7#ajj74 ,n mu*ly4 ,notes 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,n only--b also4 ,notori\s1 confus$ ) not$1 ,gloss>y4 ,n\ns1 common2 prop]2 case (2 g5d] (2 numb] (4 ,n[h]e ne>1 = n ne>ly1 ,gloss>y4 ,numb]1 def9$2 agreem5t ( v]b & subject 9 numb]2 s+ul>2 plural2 ( relative pron\ns2 ( pron\ns2 ( pron\ns ) comp\nd$ antec$5t2 rules = =m+ plurals ( n\ns4 ,numb]1 sign 1 us$ =4 ,o & oh1 capitalization ( 7#ajj74 ,object complem5t1 expla9$4 ,objective case1 def9$2 :5 us$4 ,obligative mode 7footnote74 ,obs]vance1 confus$ ) obs]vation4 ,obsolete words4 ,(1 ,gloss>y4 ,omission1 ( adv]b mu*2 ( important words2 ( prepositions2 punctuation 9 case ( 7#aag72 7#ach72 ( v]bs4 ,"o ano!r1 use (4 ,only1 plac+ (2 ) a negative1 ,gloss>y4 ,ord] ( head+ 9 lett]s4 ,o!r1 use ( 9 comp>ison4 ,ought4 ,outl9e1 = composition2 illu/ration (4 ,outside address1 ( lett]s4 ,outside (1 ,gloss>y4 ,ov]-/atem5t ( facts1 rule aga9/4 ,ov] )1 ,gloss>y4 ,pants1 ,gloss>y4 ,p>agraph+ ( lett]s4 ,p>agraphs2 coh]5ce 92 emphasis 92 ind5tation (2 9 lett]s2 l5g? (2 unity 94 ,p>5!sis m>ks1 use (2 too frequ5t use (4 ,p>ts ( spee*1 classifi$4 ,passive voice & active voice expla9$2 =ms (4 ,pa/ p>ticiple1 explanation & use (4 ,pa/ t5se1 explanation & use (4 ,p>ticiples1 explanation (2 confusion ) g]unds2 dangl+2 at beg9n+ ( s5t5ce2 prec$$ by ?us4 ,p]iod1 use (4 ,p]iodic s5t5ce4 ,p]sonal pron\ns1 def9$2 classifi$2 comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns2 use ( common & ( grave =ms (2 unnecess>y use (4 ,piece1 ,gloss>y4 ,photo1 ,gloss>y4 ,phrases1 def9$2 prepositional2 v]b2 punctuation ( adv]bial phrases 7#aaf71 7#aba74 ,place1 ,gloss>y4 ,plac+ ( adjectives & adv]bs4 ,pl5ty1 ,gloss>y4 ,plural numb]1 expla9$2 rules = =m+ plurals ( n\ns4 ,po9t ( view1 9 p>agraph2 9 s5t5ce2 9 :ole composition4 ,poorly1 = ill1 ,gloss>y4 ,positive degree4 ,position1 9 lett]s1 ( complim5t>y close2 ( head+2 ( inside address2 ( salutation2 ( outside address4 ,possessive case1 def9$2 rules = =m+ possessives ( n\ns2 :5 us$4 ,pot5tial mode1 explanation & =ms (4 ,pr$icate ( ! s5t5ce2 def9$2 comp\nd1 pr$icate1 expla9$4 ,prepositional phrase4 ,prepositions1 def9$2 omission (2 prop] use (2 unnecess>y use (2 us$ z conjunctions4 ,pr9cipal1 confus$ ) pr9ciple1 ,gloss>y4 ,pr9cipal p>ts ( v]bs1 expla9$2 classifi$2 li/ (2 rules = use (4 ,pr9cipal v]bs1 expla9$4 ,pr(essional words4 ,pron\ns1 def9$2 adjective2 antec$5t (1 def9$2 agreem5t ) antec$5t2 case =ms (2 comp\nd p]sonal2 comp\nd relative2 g5d] (2 int]rogative2 numb] (2 outl9e (1 use ( case =ms (2 relative2 rules det]m9+ g5d] (2 ) comp\nd antec$5ts4 ,pronunciation1 li/s ( frequ5tly mispron\nc$ words2 words giv5 wrong s\nds2 words giv5 wrong acc5t2 words ( =eign pronunciation2 words ( simil> spell+4 ,prop] adjectives1 capitalization ( 7#ie74 ,prop] n\ns1 def9$2 capitalization ( 7#ie74 ,propose1 = int5d1 ,gloss>y4 ,provid+1 = if1 ,gloss>y4 ,prov9cialisms1 def9ition & rule aga9/ use (4 ,punctuation1 rules =2 9 lett]s1 body2 head+2 inside address2 outside address2 salutation4 ,qualities1 ess5tial3 ,( s5t5ces1 unity2 emphasis2 euphony4 ,( p>agraphs1 unity2 coh]5ce2 emphasis4 ,( :ole composition1 unity2 coh]5ce4 ,q1 = v4 ,quotation m>ks1 use (4 ,quotations1 punctuation ( 7#aae71 7#abc71 7#aca71 7#acb-acg74 ,raise1 confus$ ) rise1 ,gloss>y4 ,recomm5d1 confus$ ) recomm5dation1 ,gloss>y4 ,relative causes1 cases 92 explanatory or non-re/rictive2 introduction ( successive2 punctuation ( 7#aaa72 use ( :5 or :]e clause4 ,relative pron\ns1 def9$ & expla9$2 agreem5t ( v]b )2 case & numb] (2 comp\nd2 explanatory or non-re/rictive2 re/rictive2 use (1 ) diff]5t antec$5ts4 ,repetition ( simil> words or syllables4 ,reputation1 confus$ ) "*1 ,gloss>y4 ,respectfully1 confus$ ) respectively4 ,rev44 ,"r away1 ,gloss>y4 ,"r (f1 ,gloss>y4 ,rise1 confus$ ) raise1 ,gloss>y4 ,salutation1 9 lett]s4 ,"s1 misuse z a pron\n1 ,gloss>y4 ,say1 = ord] or comm&1 ,gloss>y4 ,sc>cely1 plac+ (2 ) a negative1 ,gloss>y4 ,scriptures1 capitalization1 ( 7#ajj74 ,seldom ev]1 ,gloss>y4 ,semi-colon1 use (4 ,s5t5ce elem5ts out ( natural ord]1 7#aji74 ,s5t5ces3 def9$2 decl>ative1 int]rogative1 imp]ative1 exclamatory2 ess5tial qualities (2 loose1 p]iodic1 balanc$2 simple1 complex1 comp\nd2 l5g? (2 slip%od con/ruction (4 ,sequ5ce ( t5ses1 inf9itive2 9 clauses4 ,s]ies ( words1 punctuation (4 ,set1 confus$ ) sit1 ,gloss>y4 ,s-=m ( v]b4 ,%ut (1 = rid (1 ,gloss>y4 ,sight1 = _m1 ,gloss>y4 ,signature ( writ]1 9 lett]s4 ,simple s5t5ce1 def9$4 ,simple words1 use (4 ,simil> expressions ( simil> ?\ghts4 ,s+ul> =m ( v]b1 explanation & use (1 aft] y & !y4 ,s+ul> numb]1 expla9$4 ,sit1 confus$ ) set1 ,gloss>y4 ,%all & w1 use (1 9 dep5d5t clauses2 9 pr9cipal clauses2 9 que/ions2 model conjugations (2 pa/ t5ses (4 ,%\ld & w\ld1 model conjugations (2 use (4 ,slang4 ,s1 use (4 ,solecisms4 ,"s1 misuse z an adv]b1 ,gloss>y4 ,somebody else's4 ,sort1 ) plurals1 ,gloss>y4 ,sort ( a1 ,gloss>y4 ,s\?1 capitalization (1 7#ajj74 ,spee*1 p>agraph+ (4 ,specific t]ms1 use (4 ,spell+1 li/s ( words frequ5tly misspell$2 rules =2 ( words ( simil> s\nd4 ,squ9t+ con/ruction4 ,/reet1 omission ( 9 lett]s4 ,subject ( s5t5ce or clause1 def9$2 agreem5t ( v]b & subject2 comp\nd2 relative pron\n z1 ( :ole composition2 /atem5t (1 9 composition4 ,subject matt] ( lett]s4 ,subjunctive mode4 ,su*1 ,gloss>y4 ,summ>iz+ ^w1 use (2 punctuation (1 7#abg74 ,sup]lative degree2 misuse 9 comp>+ only two ?+s4 ,suspect1 = expect4 ,syllables1 division ( words into1 7#aci74 ,synonyoms1 value (4 ,ta/y1 = ta/eful1 ,gloss>y4 ,te*nical words4 ,telegraph /yle1 9 lett]s4 ,t5se1 expla9$2 sequ5ce (4 ,?an1 use (4 ,t1 ) :at antec$5ts us$2 z a re/rictive relative2 misuse (1 ,gloss>y4 ,t is1 punctuation (1 7#abb74 ,!1 use ( article4 ,_!'n1 !irself1 !irselves4 ,!m1 = ^?4 ,!n1 use (4 ,!re1 improp] use ( aft] demon/ratives1 ,gloss>y4 ,!y1 indef9ite use (2 ) s+ul> v]b4 ,?ird p]son1 notes 9 !4 ,^? k9d1 & ^! sort4 ,?ree fir/1 ,gloss>y4 ,?usly4 ,title ( :ole composition4 ,titles1 abbreviations (2 capitalization (1 7 #if1 #ig74 ,to-day1 to-morr[1 to-night1 hyph5s )1 7#adj74 ,too1 misuse (1 ,gloss>y4 ,transition1 9 :ole composition4 ,transitive & intransitive v]bs1 confusion (2 explanation (4 ,transpire1 = happ54 ,try &1 ,gloss>y4 ,two fir/1 ,gloss>y4 ,unbekn[n1 = unkn[n4 ,unity3 ,( p>agraph2 h[ to ga92 illu/rations (4 ,( s5t5ce4 ,( :ole composition4 ,unnecess>y words1 use (4 ,v]b phrase1 expla9$4 ,v]bs1 def9$2 agreem5t ( v]b & subject2 agreem5t ( v]b 9 clauses2 auxili>y2 g]unds2 inf9itives2 mode2 model conjugations ( to-be & to see2 omission ( v]bs or p>ts (2 p>ticiples2 pr9cipal2 pr9cipal p>ts2 pr9cipal p>ts1 li/ (2 transitive & intransitive2 use ( auxili>ies2 voice4 ,v4 viz41 punctuation (1 7#abb74 ,vocabul>y1 rules = improvem5t (4 ,vocation1 confus$ ) avocation4 ,vulg>isms4 ,wake1 confus$ ) awake1 ,gloss>y4 ,wait on1 confus$ ) wait =1 ,gloss>y4 ,ways1 ,gloss>y4 ,weak beg9n+s & end+s ( s5t5ces4 ,well1 confus$ ) good4 ,we/1 capitalization (1 7#ajj74 ,:at1 ) :at antec$5ts4 ,:54 ,:]e4 ,:i*1 ) clause or phrase z antec$5t2 ) :at antec$5ts us$4 ,:o1 ) :at antec$5ts us$4 ,:ole composition2 beg9n+ (1 end+ (2 p>agraph composition or p>agraph !me4 ,w1 use (1 see %all4 ,)\t1 misuse z a conjunction4 ,words1 *oice (2 clipp$ or abbreviat$2 division ( at ends ( l9es1 7#aci72 =eign2 good use (2 h[ to improve vocabul>y (1 idioms2 9 place ( figures 9 lett]s2 newly-co9$2 ( coh]5ce2 pr(essional2 pronunciation (1 prov9cialisms2 simple ,engli%2 slang2 spell+ (2 te*nical words2 vulg>isms4 ,w\ld1 see %\ld4 ,yes1 punctuation (1 7#ajb74 ,y1 indef9ite use (2 ) s+ul> v]b4 ,y\rs truly & y\rs respectfully1 wrong abbreviation (4 ,y\r'n4