,,great ,,arti/s       ,art manife/s    
:atev] is mo/ exalt$1 &     x manife/s x
 to all6--,,ta9e      ,,great ,,arti/s  
,,raphael     ,,murillo     ,,rub5s     
,,dur]      ,,by      ,,j5nie ,,ellis   
,,keysor     ,au?or ( ,sket*es (        
,am]ican ,au?ors      ,,educational     
,,publi%+ ,,company     ,,bo/on         
,,new ,,york  ,,*icago  ,,san           
,,francisco      ,,copyright$     ,,by  
,,educational ,,publi%+ ,,company1      
#ahii4     ,illu/ration  ,a ,,^w ,,to   
,,! ,,tea*]4   ,! foll[+ brief sket*es  
are pres5t$ 9 fe> & 9 hope--9 fe> le/ !y
 prove 9 no wise adequate = s glori\s a 
subject2 9 ! hope t !y may enc\rage n   
only ! pupil1 b ! tea*]1 to /udy ! lives
 & ! works ( ! great arti/s & to make e 
possible ef=t to h copies ( ma/]pieces  
ev] be=e !m to /udy & to love4  ,! field
 ( art /udy is a wond]ful "o f :i* to   
draw = language "w4 ,a d\ble purpose is 
?us s]v$4 ,int]e/+ subjects are secur$ &
 pupils are giv5 a />t 9 acquir+ a k ( !
 beautiful t =tifies !m = ! sorr[s &    

c>es ( life2 &1 :at is ev5 bett]1       
prev5ts _! own life f be+ commonplace4  
,w\ld ! tea*] wi% to /udy fur!r1 a li/ (
 valuable ref]5ce books is app5d$ to ea*
 sket*1 any "o ( :i* w greatly assi/ 9  
acquir+ a m ext5d$ k ( ! subject4  ,9 ! 
/udy ( an arti/1 take c>e to h a lib]al 
supply ( reproductions ( 8 pictures at  
h&4 ,^! may be photographs1 half-tones1 
l ! illu/rations 9 ?is book1 or         
engrav+s4 ,good "w _c be done )\t su*   
pictures4  ,above all1 "w to cultivate a
 love = good pictures1 n to fill "y m9ds
 ) un9spir+ facts4      ,j4 ,e4 ,k4     
,illu/ration3 ,,si/9e ,,madonna4        
,raphael4  ,,raphael ,,santi  ,,!       
,,p]fect ,,arti/1 ,,! ,,p]fect ,,man4   
,we are ab\t to /udy ,raphael1 ! mo/    
g5]ally prais$1 ! mo/ beautiful1 &      
c]ta9ly ! mo/ lov$ ( all ! pa9t]s ( !   
_w4 ,:5 all ^! delightful ?+s c be      
tru?fully said ( "o man1 surely we may  
look =w>d ) pleasure to a detail$ /udy (
 8 life & works4  ,(t5 9 exam9+ ! lives 
( great m5 we are compell$ to pass ov]  

"s ev5ts :i*1 to say ! lea/1 are n      
cr$itable4 ,( ,raphael ?is 0 n true4 ,he
 0 gift$ ) all admirable qualities1 & s 
_m-sid$ 0 8 g5ius t1 :ile we ?9k ( him  
fir/ z a pa9t]1 we mu/ n =get t he also 
c>v$ /atues1 wrote poems1 play$ musical 
in/rum5ts1 & plann$ great build+s4  ,s  
mu* 0 he ende>$ to 8 pupils t1 aft] he  
grew to be fam\s1 he nev] w5t on !      
/reets unless he 0 foll[$ by an admir+  
?rong ( ^! /ud5ts1 ev] ready to d 8     
bidd+ or to def5d 8 art f any possible  
attack by malici\s critics4 ,he liv$ at 
a "t :5 arti/s 7 fi]cely jeal\s ( ea*   
o!r1 & yet :]ev] he w5t h>mony1 l a good
 angel1 walk$ unse5 beside him1 mak+    
:atev] assembly he ent]$ ! abode ( peace
 & good-w4 ,x is a beautiful ?+ t su* a 
/rong1 lovable man %\ld h _h = 8 "n t ( 
! *ief ( ! ar*angels1 ,raphael1 a "n    
beautiful ( s\nd & ev] sugge/ive (      
beauty & lovel9ess4  ,!re seem$ to h be5
 special prep>ation = ! bir? ( ?is      
unique "*4 ,n only 7 8 p>5ts ( ! ideal  
sort1 lov+ ! be/ ?+s ( life & ?9k+ ev] (

 h[ be/ to re> ! little son t ,god _h   
giv5 !m1 b ! v c\ntry into :i* he 0 born
 0 fitt$ to /ill fur!r develop 8 natural
 t5d]ness & sweetness ( disposition4    
,webmo1 ! bir?place ( ,raphael1 is a    
seclud$ m\nta9 t[n on a cliff on ! ea/  
slope ( ! ,ap5n9es directly ea/ (       
,flor5ce4 ,x is 9 ! division kn[n z     
,umbria1 a section not$ = its g5tly     
brok5 l&scape1 su* z 9 lat] ye>s ! arti/
 lov$ to pa9t z backgr\nd = 8 mo/       
beautiful ,madonnas4 ,"h ! p 7 %ut (f f 
mu* ( ! excitem5t kn[n to comm]cial     
t[ns4 ,!y 7 sl[] to take up new ?+s ?an 
! p 9 ! coa/ cities :]e m5 live by !    
ex*ange ( goods &1 incid5tally1 (       
cu/oms4 ,! inhabitants l$ simple1       
religi\s lives4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 too1 t 
h>dly fifty miles away 0 ! village (    
,assisi1 :]e ,sa9t ,francis1 ! pure/ (  
m51 _h liv$ & labor$ & :]e1 aft] 8 dea?1
 a d\ble *ur* _h be5 built to 8 memory4 
,to ?is day !re is a _s ( rev]5ce t     
inspires ! visitor to ?is region4 ,no   
wond] t1 9 ,raphael's "t :5 ?is _s 0    

fre% & /rong1 x gave a "* ( piety &     
sweetness to ! works ( all ! pa9t]s (   
,umbria4 ,f ^! two causes1 ! seclud$    
position ( ! region & ! influ5ce ( ,sa9t
 ,francis1 arose :at is call$ ! ,umbrian
 s*ool ( pa9t+4 ,all pa9t]s belong+ to  
?is s*ool made pictures v beautiful &   
full ( f9e religi\s feel+4  ,"o ,april  
morn+ 9 #adhc1 to ! home ( ,giovanni    
,santi1 ! pa9t]1 & 8 wife ,magia1 a de> 
little boy came1 z millions ( boys &    
girls h s9ce come1 to *e] & to bless4 ,!
 fa!r & "m 7 v pr\d ( _! little son1 &  
feel+ p]haps t a m ?an ord9>y *ild _h   
be5 giv5 !m1 !y gave him ! "n (         
,raphael1 z "o ( good om54  ,if we 7 to 
visit1 9 ,urb9o1 ! h\se :]e ,raphael 0  
born1 we w\ld be %[n a fad$ fresco ( a  
,madonna & ,*ild pa9t$ by ,giovanni &   
said to be ,magia & ! *ild ,raphael4  ,f
 ! e>lie/ ye>s ! *ild 0 c>efully t5d$4  
,:5 he 0 only eight1 ! fond "m di$ &    
left ! fa!r to c>e = 8 boy alone4 ,9 due
 "t a /ep-"m 0 br\ght home4 ,%e 0 a k9d 
woman & lov$ & c>$ = ! beautiful lad z  

if he 7 really h] own *ild4 ,lat] :5 !  
fa!r di$1 leav+ ! boy ,raphael & 8      
little half-si/]1 no "o c\ld h be5 m    
solicit\s = ! boy's rights ?an 8 /ep-"m4
 ,%e & 8 uncle toge!r manag$ 8 affairs  
mo/ wisely4  ,we h no record t1 l       
,titian1 ! boy ,raphael us$ ! juice (   
fl[]s ) :i* to pa9t pictures ( 8 *ildi% 
fancies1 b we d "k t v e>ly he became   
greatly int]e/$ 9 8 fa!r's /udio & w5t 9
 regul>ly to assi/4 ,n[1 x mu/ be       
rememb]$ t1 at ?is "t1 :5 a boy1 wi%+ to
 le>n to pa9t1 w5t to ! /udio ( a ma/]  
he did n at once beg9 to use colors1    
bru%es1 & canvas4 ,in/ead1 he usually   
s]v$ a long appr5tice%ip1 sweep+ out !  
/udio1 clean+ ! bru%es1 gr9d+ colors1 & 
p]=m+ o!r common duties4 ,raphael's     
assi/ance to 8 fa!r mu/ h be5 l>gely (  
?is humble sort4 ,we c imag9e1 h[ev]1 t 
8 fond fa!r did n make 8 h\rs long1 & t 
!re 7 pleasant rambl+s 9 ! woods ne>by1 
& t _m a bun* ( fl[]s 0 ga!r$ = ! "m at 
home4 ,!re 7 happy h\rs1 too1 :5 ! fa!r 
& 8 son read toge!r great books ( poetry

 9 :i* tales ( love & knightly enc\nt]s 
7 int]e/+ p>ts4 ,& !n1 ,i am sure1 !re 7
 o!r happy h\rs :51 tun+ _! in/rum5ts   
toge!r1 !y fill$ ! "t ) music's sweete/ 
disc\rse4    ,illu/ration3 ,,raphael4   
,?is 0 inde$ a happy *ildhood1 a fit    
beg9n+ = an ideal life4 ,mean:ile ! boy 
grew /rong1 & 8 beauty1 too1 increas$4  
,! d>k hair lay lightly ^u 8 %\ld]s1 & a
 c]ta9 dream9ess 9 8 eyes deep5$1--he 0 
ab\t to feel a great sorr[1 = ! fa!r1 s 
devot$1 s exempl>y1 di$ :5 8 boy 0 b    
elev5 ye>s old4 ,we _c help wi%+ t he   
might h liv$ to see at lea/ "o great    
picture pa9t$ by 8 son4 ,we c easily    
imag9e 8 smile ( joy at ! fir/ /roke t  
surpass$ :at he c\ld d4  ,j :at to d ) !
 boy on ! dea? ( 8 fa!r 0 an important  
matt] = ! /ep-"m & uncle to decide4 ,!y 
%[$ wisdom by _! decision4 ,n[1 !       
greate/ ( all ! ,umbrian pa9t]s1 be=e   
,raphael1 0 a que] little mis]ly man    
nam$ ,p]ug9o1 :o at t "t _h a /udio 9   
,p]ugia1 an ,umbrian t[n n f> di/ant f  
,urb9o4 ,al?\gh he 0 ( mean appe>ance & 

ignoble "*1 he _h an unmi/akable p[] 9  
pa9t+ mild-ey$ ,madonnas & spotless     
sa9ts aga9/ delicate l&scape            
back-gr\nds4 ,p dislik$ ! man1 b !y c\ld
 n help see+ ! beauty ( 8 art1 & s 8    
/udio 0 cr[d$4 ,hi!r 0 s5t ! boy        
,raphael & :5 ,p]ug9o not$ ! lad & "s ( 
8 "w1 he said1 ,let him be my pupil3 he 
w soon become my ma/]4 ,z ne>ly z we c  
le>n1 he rema9$ 9 ?is /udio n9e ye>s1 f 
#adie to #aejd4  ,p]ug9o's /yle ( pa9t+ 
greatly pleas$ ,raphael4 ,he 0 naturally
 tea*able & ?is1 ) 8 admiration =       
,p]ug9o's pictures1 made 8 fir/ "w 9 !  
/udio v mu* l 8 ma/]'s4 ,inde$ x is     
almo/ impossible to tell "s ( 8 e>lie/  
pictures f ^? ( 8 tea*]4 ,let me tell y 
ab\t "o4 ,x is call$ ,! ,m>riage ( !    
,virg92 & y w\ld h to g to ! ,br]a      
gall]y 9 ,milan to see x4  ,! leg5d runs
 ?us3 ,! beautiful ,m>y _h _m lov]s all 
wi%+ to m>ry h]4 ,n[ "h 0 a difficulty  
inde$1 & s ! suitors 7 requir$ to put by
 _! r\gh /aves = a night4 ,! promise 0 t
 9 ! morn+ "o w\ld be 9 blossom1 & its  

own] %\ld h ,m>y = 8 wife4 ,we c imag9e 
t ^! lov]s 7 anxi\s = day to dawn1 & t  
all b "o 0 sad inde$ at ! result4 ,9 !  
morn+ !re 7 ! rods1 all save "o1 br[n & 
r\gh & b>e1 b t "o lay !re alive )      
delicate buds & fl[]s1 & all ! air 0    
full ( fragrance4 ,?is 0 ,joseph's1 & he
 w5t away glad & br\ght 8 "y bride4 ,?is
 fir/ great picture ( ,raphael's        
repres5t$ ?is m>riage tak+ place at !   
foot ( ! ,temple /eps4 ,! disappo9t$    
lov]s are pres5t &1 ,i am sorry to say1 
"o ( !m is %[+ 8 ang] by break+ 8 b>r5  
rod ev5 :ile ! m>riage is tak+ place4   
,! fir/ & ! la/ "w ( a great man are    
always int]e/+1 & t is :y ,i h told y s 
mu* ab\t ?is picture4 ,y w be /ill m    
int]e/$ 9 ,raphael's la/ picture1 ,!    
,transfiguration4  ,:ile 9 ! /udio he   
made _m fri5ds4 ,) "o he w5t to ,si5a to
 assi/ him 9 "s fresco pa9t+ he _h to d 
!re4 ,( c\rse y "k t fresco is pa9t+ on 
wet pla/] s t ! colors dry 9 ) ! mort>4 
,! conv]sation ( ! /udio 0 (t5 ( art &  
arti/s1 & s ! beautiful city ( ,flor5ce 

mu/ (t5 h be5 an engag+ subject4 ,?9k ( 
:at ,flor5ce 0 at ?is "t1 & h[ an arti/ 
mu/ h ?rill$ at its v "n6 ,beautiful z a
 fl[]1 ) h] m>ble palaces1 h] f9e       
*ur*es1 h] lily-l bell-t[]6 ,:at a *>m 0
 add$ :5 )9 h] walls ,leon>do da ,v9ci 0
 pa9t+1 ,mi*ael ,angelo c>v+1 ,savon>ola
 prea*+4 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ,raphael's    
appr5tice%ip1 ! voice ( ! prea*] _h be5 
sil5c$1 b /ill1 ) ! ineffable left h&1  
,da ,v9ci pa9t$1 & /ill ! m>ble *ips    
dropp$ f ,angelo's *isel z a ,david grew
 to maje/y b5ea? 8 t\*4  ,to ,raphael1 )
 8 love ( ! beautiful1 ) 8 zeal to le>n1
 ,flor5ce 0 ! city ( all o!rs t he long$
 to see4 ,at la/ 8 dream 0 to be        
realiz$4 ,a noble woman ( ,urb9o gave   
him a lett] to ! ,gov]nor ( ,flor5ce1   
express+ ! wi% t ! "y arti/ might be    
all[$ to see all ! art treasures ( !    
city4 ,! fir/ day ( ! ye> #aeje greet$  
,raphael 9 ,flor5ce1 ! art c5t] (       
,italy4 ,we c only guess at 8 joy 9 see+
 ! works "h & 9 greet+ 8 fell[ arti/s4  
,angelo & ,da ,v9ci _h j f9i%$ _!       

c>toons = ! t[n hall1 ,! ,ba?+ ,soldi]s1
 & ,! ,battle ( ! ,/&>d1 & !y 7 on      
exhibition4 ,all ,flor5ce 0 /udy+ !m1 & 
( ?is ?rong we may be sure ,raphael 0 an
 en?usia/ic memb]4 ,:ile "h he pa9t$    
sev]al pictures4 ,among !m 0 ! ,gr&uca  
,madonna1 ! simple/ ( all 8 ,madonnas--j
 a lovely "y "m hold+ h] babe4 ,x is    
/ill 9 ,flor5ce1 & to ?is day p look at 
x & say ! ,gr& ,duke1 :o w\ld g n[h]e   
)\t ?is gem ( pictures1 knew :at 0      
beautiful4    ,illu/ration3 ,,raphael   
,,9 ,,8 ,,/udio4  ,raphael did n /ay    
long 9 ,flor5ce at ?is "t1 b soon       
return$ to ,p]ugia4 ,8 next visit to    
,flor5ce 0 ( great] l5g?4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s1
 #aejf to #aejh1 he pa9t$ _m ( 8 be/    
kn[n pictures4 ,9 /udy+ ! works (       
,raphael y mu/ nev] tire ( ! beautiful  
,madonna1 = x is said t he pa9t$ a      
hundr$ ( ^!1 s mu* did he love ! subject
 & s successful 0 he 9 repres5t+ ! *ild 
,jesus & ! lovely "m4 ,"s ( 8 f9e/      
,madonnas belong to ?is "t4 ,let u look 
at a few ( !m4  ,"o1 call$ ,! ,madonna (

 ! ,goldf9*1 %[s ,m>y seat$ ) ! ,*ild   
,jesus at h] knee & ! "y ,john pres5t+  
him ) a f9*1 :i* he c>esses g5tly4 ,!   
,madonna has ! droop+ eyes1 !           
exquisitely r\nd$ face t always *>m u1 &
 ! boys are real live *ildr5 ready = a  
frolic4 ,ano!r1 call$ ,! ,madonna ( !   
,mead[1 repres5ts ! ,virg9 9 ! =egr\nd (
 a g5tly brok5 l&scape ) ! two *ildr5   
play+ beside h]4 ,we mu/ n =get1 ei!r1 z
 belong+ to ?is "t1 ! v beautiful ,la   
,belle ,j>d9i]e1 or ! ,madonna ( ! ,g>d5
 :i* n[ hangs 9 ! ,l\vre1 ! art gall]y (
 ,p>is4  ,l all 8 great ,madonnas1 !    
,virg9 & ,*ildr5 are ( surpass+         
lovel9ess4 ,x is f9i%$ 9 su* a s(t1     
melt+ /yle t to see x 9 its exquisite   
color+1 "o c\ld easily imag9e x vani%+  
imp]ceptibly into ! blaze ( "s spl5did  
sunset4 ,:ile we are talk+ ( ,raphael's 
color x may be int]e/+ to call y\r      
att5tion to a v rem>kable fact ab\t 8   
pa9t+s4 ,he lays ! color on ! canvas s  
?9 t sometimes "o c trace ?r\gh x ! l9es
 ( ! draw+1 & yet 8 color is s pure &   

beautiful t he is consid]$ "o ( !       
greate/ colori/s ( ! _w4 ,! next "t y   
see an oil pa9t+1 notice h[ ?ick or h[  
?9 ! pa9t is laid on1 & !n ?9k ( :at ,i 
h told y ( ,raphael's me?od ( us+ color4
    ,illu/ration3 ,,la ,,belle          
,,j>d9i]e4      ,raphael4  ,n[ :ile     
,raphael 0 pa9t+ ^! droop+-ey$1         
mild-fac$ ,madonnas & le>n+ great       
lessons f ! ma/]s ( ,flor5ce1 a wond]ful
 honor came to him4 ,he 0 call$ to ,rome
 by ! ,pope & giv5 "s ( ! ap>tm5ts ( !  
,vatican to decorate 9 any way he wi%$4 
,! ,pope at ?is "t 0 ,julius ,,ii4 & he 
0 a v int]e/+ man4 ,he 0 a w>rior & _h  
sp5t _m ye>s fight+ to ga9 l&s & cities 
= ! ,*ur*4 ,:5 peace return$ he 0 /ill  
anxi\s to d honor to ! ,*ur* & s1 :]ev] 
he he>d ( a great ar*itect1 pa9t]1 or   
sculptor1 he at once invit$ him to ,rome
 to d beautiful "w = ! ,*ur*4 ,already  
he _h set ,mi*ael ,angelo to "w on a gr&
 tomb = him4 ,bramante1 a relative (    
,raphael's1 0 work+ h>d to make ,/4     
,pet]'s ! mo/ wond]ful ,*ur* 9 all ! _w4

 ,n[ ! "y ,raphael 0 to beautify /ill   
fur!r ! build+s belong+ to ! *ur*4      
,julius did n pret5d to be an arti/ or a
 s*ol>1 & yet by 8 patronage he greatly 
enc\rag$ art & lit]ature4 ,! /ory is    
told t :5 ,angelo 0 mak+ a /atue ( !    
,pope = ! t[n ( ,bologna1 ! arti/ ask$  
,julius if he %\ld place a book 9 !     
/atue's ext5d$ left h&1 & ! ,pope       
retort$1 almo/ 9 ang]1 ,:at book8 ,r a  
sword--,i am no read]6  ,9 e>li] ye>s   
,flor5ce _h be5 a glori\s sight to our  
arti/ & n[ 9 #aejh1 /&+ 9 ! ,et]nal     
,city1 he 0 m aw$ ?an :5 fir/ he beheld 
! city ( ! ,arno4 ,"h ! c\rt ( ,julius1 
gorge\s & p[]ful1 toge!r ) ! works (    
art1 l ,/4 ,pet]'s1 9 process (         
con/ruction1 7 b a "p ( ! wond]s to be  
se54 ,9 addition1 ! rema9s ( anci5t     
,rome 7 scatt]$ all ab\t--"h a r[ (     
columns1 ! only rema9s ( a gr& temple1  
!re a brok5 /atue ( "s god or goddess1  
long lo/ to sight1 & all ! e>? ab\t s   
fill$ ) ^! treasures t "o _h only to dig
 to f9d "s hidd5 "w ( art4 ,! ,roman p1 

too1 7 awake to ! fact t !y 7 n only    
liv+ out a m>vel\s pres5t1 b t !y 7     
likewise1 9 _! e day life1 walk+ ev] 9 !
 pres5ce ( a /ill m wond]ful pa/4 ,i    
wi%1 :ile y are ?9k+ ab\t ?is1 t y w\ld 
get a picture ( ! ,roman ,=um & notice  
its gr\ps ( columns1 its triumphal      
ar*es1 its ru9$ walls4 ,y w !n c]ta9ly  
appreciate m fully :at ,raphael felt z  
he w5t ab\t ?is city ( hi/oric ru9s4    
,illu/ration3 ,,madonna ,,( ,,! ,,fi%4  
,raphael4  ,! ,pope receiv$ ! "y arti/  
cordially & at once gave him ! va/      
commission ( pa9t+ 9 fresco ?ree l>ge   
rooms1 or /anze1 ( ! ,vatican4 ,9       
addition1 he 0 to decorate ! gall]y1 or 
corridor1 call$ ! loggia1 lead+ to ^!   
ap>tm5ts f ! /airway4 ,) ! pa9t+ ( ^!   
walls ,raphael & 8 pupils 7 m or less   
busy dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! arti/'s %ort    
life4 ,a great _m religi\s & hi/oric    
subjects 7 us$1 besides "s inv5t$ by    
,raphael himself1 z :5 he repres5t$     
,poetry by ,m\nt ,p>nassus inhabit$ by  
all ! great poets pa/ & pres5t4 ,9 ^!   

rooms "s ( 8 be/ "w is done4 ,e ye>     
?\s&s ( p g to see ^! pictures & come   
away m ?an ev] enraptur$ ) ,raphael & 8 
"w4  ,9 ! loggia are ! pa9t+s kn[n      
collectively z ,raphael's ,bible4 ,( !  
fifty-two pictures 9 ! ?irte5 arcades ( 
?is corridor all b f\r repres5t ,old    
,te/am5t sc5es4 ,! o!rs are tak5 f !    
,new ,te/am5t4 ,al?\gh ,raphael's pupils
 assi/$ l>gely 9 ^! frescoes !y are v   
beautiful & w always rank high among !  
art works ( ! "t4  ,raphael's works seem
 almo/ p]fect ev5 f ! beg9n+1 yet he 0  
always /udy+ to get ! great po9ts 9 ! "w
 ( o!rs & to p]fect 8 own4 ,p]haps ?is  
is ! be/ lesson we may le>n f 8         
intellectual life--! lesson ( un5d+ /udy
 & assimilation4 ,he 0 greatly int]e/$ 9
 ! ru9s ( ,rome & we "k t he /udi$ !m   
deeply & c>efully4 ,?is is v evid5t 9 ! 
,madonnas ( 8 ,roman p]iod4 ,!y h a     
/r5g? & a p[] to make "o ?9k great      
?\ghts t is n s m>k$ 9 ! pictures ( 8   
,flor5t9e p]iod4    ,illu/ration3 ,,!   
,,ar*angel4 ,detail f ,madonna ( ! ,fi%4

                  ,raphael4  ,! ,madonna
 ( ! ,fi% is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ?is 
"t4 ,x 0 pa9t$ orig9ally = a *apel 9    
,naples :]e ! bl9d pray$ = sight1 & :]e1
 leg5d relates1 !y 7 (t5 miracul\sly    
answ]$4 ,! div9e ,"m1 a little old] ?an 
,raphael's virg9s ( e>li] ye>s1 is seat$
 on a ?rone ) ! ev] beautiful *ild 9 h] 
arms4 ,! babe gives 8 att5tion to !     
surpass+ly lovely angel1 ,raphael1 :o   
br+s ! "y ,tobias ) 8 fi% into ! pres5ce
 ( ! ,virg91 ( :om he w\ld beg ! heal+ (
 8 fa!r :o is bl9d4 ,on ! o!r side he   
po9ts to a passage 9 ! book held by !   
v5]able ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,?is is d\btless !  
book ( ,tobit :]e9 ! /ory ( ,tobias is  
relat$1 & :i* ,tobias translat$4 ,:atev]
 ! real purpose ( ! arti/ 0 9 introduc+ 
,/4 ,j]ome1 a v beautiful result 0      
atta9$ 9 contra/+ y\? & age4 ,l a human 
be+ ( note1 ?is picture has _h an       
ev5tful hi/ory4 ,x 0 /ol5 f ,naples &   
c>ri$ to ,madrid & !n1 9 ! ,fr5* w>s1 x 
0 tak5 to ,p>is4 ,x has s9ce be5 re/or$ 
to ! ,prado ( ,madrid1 & !re to-day we  

may fea/ our eyes on its almo/ une>?ly  
lovel9ess4 ,9 x ! div9e pa9t] %[$ t he  
knew ! he>t ( a "m & ! love ( a son2 t  
he appreciat$ ! maje/y ( age & ! heav5ly
 beauty ( ! angels4  ,h>dly less        
beautiful is ! ,madonna ,foligno1 s nam$
 f ! di/ant view ( ! t[n ( ,foligno se5 
"u a ra9b[ 9 ! c5tral "p ( ! picture4 ,9
 ! upp] portion1 surr\nd$ by angel      
heads1 is ! ,madonna hold+ out h] *ild  
to u4 ,bel[ is ! sc5e already ref]r$ to1
 ! portrait ( ! donor ( ! picture1 "s   
sa9ts1 & a beautiful boy angel4 ,! latt]
 is hold+ a tablet :i* is to be         
inscrib$1 = ?is is "o ( t l>ge class (  
pictures 9 ,italian ,art call$ votive--t
 is1 giv5 to ! *ur* by an individual 9  
return = "s great deliv]ance4 ,9 ?is    
case ! donor _h escap$1 z by a miracle1 
f a /roke ( lightn+4  ,9 ?is %ort sket* 
!re is "t to m5tion only a few (        
,raphael's great pictures1 b ,i tru/ y w
 be s int]e/$ t y w look up ab\t o!rs t 
are pass$ ov] "h4 ,!re are _m v int]e/+ 
books ab\t ,raphael 9 :i* y c f9d       

descriptions ( all ( 8 pictures4  ,among
 o!r pa9t+s1 ,raphael made _m f9e       
portraits4 ,an excell5t lik5ess (       
,julius 0 s well done t1 skillfully     
plac$ & light$1 x deceiv$ "s ( ! ,pope's
 fri5ds into ?9k+ x ! liv+ ,julius4  ,! 
pa9t+ ( portraits 0 n ! only dep>ture ( 
our arti/ f 8 favorite ,madonna or      
hi/oric subjects4 ,we f9d him also      
int]e/$ 9 my?ology4 ,out ( ?is int]e/   
grew 8 ,galatea1 :i* he pa9t$ = a weal?y
 nobleman ( 8 acqua9tance4 ,9 ?is       
picture ,galatea sails ov] ! sea 9 h]   
%ell-boat drawn by dolph9s4 ,%e gazes   
into heav5 & seems unconsci\s ( ! nymphs
 sport+ ab\t h]4    ,illu/ration3       
,,galatea4      ,raphael4  ,speak+ (    
,raphael's use ( my?ological subjects1  
?\gh n q 9 ! ord] ( "t1 we may "h m5tion
 8 frescos illu/rat+ ! /ory ( ,cupid &  
,psy*e1 pa9t$ on ! walls & ceil+ ( !    
same nobleman's palace1 ! ,*igi palace4 
,! draw+s = ^! pictures 7 made by       
,raphael1 b mo/ ( ! pa9t+ 0 done by 8   
pupils4 ,z we /udy ^! pictures ( ! joys 

& sorr[s ( ?is beautiful pair1 we are   
int]e/$1 b we regret t our angel-pa9t] 0
 will+1 ev5 = a %ort "t1 to leave 8 own 
prop] subjects1 ! religi\s4 ,we feel l  
say+1 ,let m5 :o "k n ! dep? ( religi\s 
feel+1 z did ,raphael1 pa9t = u ! my? & 
! secul> /ory1 b let u save f any e>?ly 
t\* our pa9t] ( sacr$ ?+s4  ,9 #aeac !  
great ,julius di$1 & ,leo ,x41 a memb] (
 ! fam\s ,m$ici family ( ,flor5ce1      
succe$$ to 8 place4 ,raphael 0 9 ! mid/ 
( 8 pa9t+s 9 ! ,vatican1 & = a "t x 0   
unc]ta9 :at ! new ,pope w\ld ?9k (      
cont9u+ ^! exp5sive decorations4 ,?\gh  
lack+ ! en]gy ( ,julius1 ,leo cont9u$ ! 
w>rior-pope's policy reg>d+ art works4  
,s ,raphael w5t on unmole/$ 9 8 "w1 ) n[
 & !n a great commission add$4  ,dur+ ! 
life ( ,leo ! p[] ( ! ,*ur* sunk to a l[
 level1 & yet ! angel-pa9t] ( ! ,vatican
 pursu$ 9 peace ! composition & pa9t+ ( 
8 lovely works4  ,! ,/4 ,cecilia 0 a v  
important "w pa9t$ ab\t ! "t ( ,julius' 
dea?4 ,x 0 pa9t$ = a weal?y woman (     
,bologna to adorn a *apel :i* %e _h     

built to ,/4 ,cecilia1 ! patroness (    
music4 ,%e _h built ?is *apel because %e
 ?\ght %e he>d angels tell+ h] to d x2 9
 o!r words %e _h obey$ a vision4  ,9 !  
picture ! sa9t /&s 9 ! c5tre ( a gr\p   
made up ( ,/4 ,john1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4     
,augu/9e1 & ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,%e holds   
c>elessly 9 h] h&s an organ f :i* ! re$s
 are slipp+4 ,:at *>ms c ev5 h] favorite
 in/rum5t h = h] :5 /reams ( heav5's own
 music are rea*+ h] f ! angel *oir      
above8 ,e l9e ( face & figure %[s h]    
rapt att5tion to ! cele/ial s+]s4 ,!    
in/rum5ts ( e>?ly music lie scatt]$     
c>elessly ab\t4  ,:ile our att5tion is  
held mo/ ( all by ! figure ( ,/4        
,cecilia1 ! o!r p]sons repres5t$ int]e/ 
u too1 especially ,/4 ,paul1 lean+ on 8 
nak$ sword4 7,see illu/ration47 ,8      
massive head & furr[$ br[ %[ man at 8   
noble/ occupation--?9k+4 ,9 delightful  
contra/ is ! ev] beautiful ,/4 ,john1 ! 
embodim5t ( y\? & love4    ,illu/ration3
 ,,/4 ,,cecilia4      ,raphael4  ,:5 !  
picture 0 complet$ ,raphael s5t x to 8  

old fri5d ,francia1 ! arti/ ( ,bologna4 
,x is relat$ t ,francia1 on see+ !      
wond]ful p]fection ( ! picture1 di$ (   
despair1 feel+ h[ poorly he c\ld pa9t z 
comp>$ ) ,raphael4 ,:e!r ?is /ory be    
true or n1 x is c]ta9 t ! p ( ,bologna 7
 mu* excit$ ov] ! arrival ( ! picture & 
glori$ 9 possess+ ! vision ( ,/4        
,cecilia4 ,! picture is /ill to be se5 9
 ,bologna1 :]e x reta9s its brilliant   
color+1 slightly mell[$ by ! pass+ ye>s4
  ,! ,si/9e ,*apel 0 ! mo/ beautiful    
ap>tm5t 9 ! ,vatican4 ,its walls 7 cov]$
 ) *oice/ frescos4 ,its ceil+1 done by !
 wond]-work+ h& ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 0 a  
m>vel4 ,to add /ill m to ! beauty ( ?is 
,*apel1 ,leo ord]$ ,raphael to draw     
c>toons = t5 tape/ries to be hung bel[ !
 l[e/ ti] ( pa9t+s4 ,n[ y "k t c>toons  
are ! l>ge pap] draw+s made previ\s to  
frescos & tape/ries to s]ve z patt]ns4  
,raphael select$ t5 subjects f ! ,acts (
 ! ,apo/les4 ,8 designs 7 accept$ & s5t 
to ,arras 9 ,fl&]s :]e ! mo/ beautiful  
tape/ries 7 manufactur$4 ,! c>toons 7   

cut into /rips t !y might be m          
conv5i5tly us$4 ,9 #aeah ! tape/ries1   
wov5 ( silk1 wool1 & gold1 7 f9i%$ &    
br\ght to ,rome1 :]e !y 7 greatly       
admir$4    ,illu/ration3 ,,miracul\s    
,,draught ,,( ,,fi%es4      ,raphael4   
,9 #aebg1 ,rome 0 sack$ by savage       
soldi]s & _m ( h] *oice/ ?+s c>ri$ away4
 ,among !m 7 ^! tape/ries4 ,!y 7 sold & 
!n re/ol5 by ,jews1 :o ?\ght to sep>ate 
! gold by burn+ !m4 ,!y tri$ ?is ) "o & 
f\nd t ! quantity ( gold 0 s small t x 0
 n wor? ! tr\ble1 & s ! o!rs 7 sp>$ &   
sold to a m]*ant ( ,g5oa4 ,!y 7 f9ally  
recov]$ 9 a fad$ condition & are n[ 9 ! 
,vatican4  ,mean:ile ! c>toons 7 =gott5 
& ?ree ( !m lo/4 ,! ,flemi% arti/1      
,rub5s1 came across ^? rema9+1 h[ev]1 & 
recomm5d$ ,*>les ,i4 ( ,engl& to pur*ase
 !m = 8 palace at ,:itehall4 ,lat]      
,cromwell b\ght !m = ! nation1 & today  
we may see !m pa/$ toge!r & c>efully    
m\nt$ 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,london4 
,! ,miracul\s ,draught ( ,fi%es1 7see   
opposite page17 is "o ( ! be/ kn[n ( !  

s]ies4 ,all are bold & /rong 9 draw+1 & 
sev]al are v beautiful1 z ,paul & ,john 
at ! ,beautiful ,gate4 ,"o critic1 9    
speak+ ( ! c>toons1 says !y m>k ! climax
 ( ,raphael's art4  ,we mu/ n =get t all
 ^! ye>s1 :ile ,raphael 0 mak+ ^!       
wond]ful c>toons & pictures1 ! "w on !  
rooms ( ! ,vatican 0 go+ /eadily =w>d4  
,he c]ta9ly 0 a busy man6  ,probably !  
be/ kn[n ( ,raphael's ,madonnas is ,!   
,madonna della ,s$ia1 s call$ because ! 
"m sits 9 a *air4 ,a delightful /ory is 
told ( ! pa9t+ ( ?is picture4 ,x runs   
some?+ l ?is3 ,_m ye>s ago !re liv$ 9 a 
quiet valley 9 ,italy a h]mit :o 0      
greatly lov$ by all ! p r\nd ab\t1 = he 
taught !m & he help$ !m 9 sickness & 9  
tr\ble4 ,8 hut 0 ne> a giant oak tree t 
%elt]$ him f ! sun ( summ] & ! bit+ w9ds
 ( w9t]4 ,9 ! con/ant wav+ ( its        
bran*es1 too1 x seem$ to conv]se ) him1 
& s he said he _h two intimate fri5ds1  
"o t c\ld talk1 & "o t 0 mute4 ,by ! "o 
t c\ld talk he meant ! v9e-dress]'s     
daught] :o liv$ ne> by & :o 0 v k9d to  

him4 ,by ! mute "o he meant ?is %elt]+  
oak4  ,n[1 "o w9t] a great /orm arose1 &
 :5 ! h]mit saw t 8 hut 0 unsafe1 8 mute
 fri5d seem$ to beckon him to come up   
among ! bran*es4 ,ga!r+ a few cru/s1 he 
w5t up into ! tree :]e1 ) hundr$s ( bird
 companions1 8 life 0 sav$1 ?\gh 8 hut 0
 de/roy$4 ,j z he ?\ght he %\ld die (   
hung]1 ,m>y1 ! v9e-dress]'s daught]1    
came to see h] old fri5d & took him to  
h] home4 ,!n ! pi\s h]mit1 ,b5>do1 pray$
 t 8 two fri5ds might be glorifi$ toge!r
 9 "s way4    ,illu/ration3 ,,madonna   
,,della ,,s$ia4      ,raphael4  ,"t wore
 on4 ,! h]mit di$1 ! oak tree 0 cut d[n 
& conv]t$ into w9e casks1 & ! lovely    
,m>y m>ri$ & 0 ! "m ( two boys4 ,"o day 
z %e sat ) h] *ildr51 a "y man pass$ by4
 ,8 eyes 7 re/less1 & "o might h kn[n   
him = a poet or a pa9t] 9 ^: m9d a      
cele/ial vision 0 float+4 ,sudd5ly he   
saw ! "y "m & h] two *ildr54 ,! pa9t]1 =
 x 0 ,raphael1 n[ beheld 8 vision made  
fle% & blood4 ,b he _h only a p5cil4 ,on
 :at c\ld he draw ! beautiful gr\p8 ,he 

seiz$ ! clean cov] ( a w9e cask ne> by &
 drew ^u x ! l9es to guide him 9 8      
pa9t+4 ,he w5t home & fill$ out 8 sket* 
9 lovelie/ color1 & ev] s9ce ! _w has   
be5 8 debtor = giv+ x 8 heav5ly vision4 
,s ! h]mit's pray] 0 answ]$4 ,8 two     
fri5ds 7 glorifi$ toge!r4  ,o!r honors1 
besides ^? com+ f 8 pa9t+s1 7 %[]$ ^u   
,raphael at ?is "t4 ,he 0 n[ ri*1 & !   
,c>d9al ,bibbi5a (f]$ him 8 niece ,m>ia 
9 m>riage4 ,x 0 consid]$ a great ?+ 9 ^?
 times to be alli$ by m>riage to a *ur* 
dignit>y1 b ,raphael _h high] honors1 & 
s1 :ile he accept$ ! (f] r ?an (f5d !   
c>d9al1 he put (f ! w$d+ until ,m>ia    
di$4 ,8 he>t 0 n 9 ?is contract because 
= ye>s he _h lov$ a humble b beautiful  
girl1 ,m>gh]ita1 :o 0 probably ! model (
 "s ( 8 sweete/ ,madonnas4  ,speak+ ( ! 
honors ?ru/ ^u ,raphael1 we mu/ n =get t
 ! ,pope made him ar*itect-9-*ief ( ,/4 
,pet]'s on ! dea? ( ,bramante4 ,he 0    
also appo9t$ to make draw+s ( ! anci5t  
city ( ,rome1 9 ord] t ! digg+ = buri$  
rema9s might be c>ri$ on m intellig5tly4

  ,9 e ,madonna we h describ$1 we h _h  
to use freely ! words lovely1 great1    
beautiful1 b "o !re rema9s :i*1 m ?an   
any o!r1 m]its all ^! titles & o!rs 9   
addition4 ,x is ! ,si/9e ,madonna 9 !   
,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,x 0 ! la/ picture     
pa9t$ :olly by ,raphael's h&4 ,x 0 pa9t$
 orig9ally z a bann] = ! monks ( ,/4    
,sixtus at ,piac5za1 b x 0 us$ z an     
alt>-piece4 ,9 #aged1 ! ,elector (      
,saxony b\ght x = #dj1jjj & x 0 br\ght  
to ,dresd5 ) great pomp4 ,p :o "k ab\t  
pictures g5]ally agree t ?is is !       
greate/ picture 9 ! _w4    ,illu/ration3
 ,,/4 ,,paul4 ,detail f ,/4 ,cecilia4   
,raphael4  ,let u see "s ( ! ?+s :i* x  
conta9s--no "o c ev] tell y all1 = z !  
ye>s increase & y\r lives are enl>g$ by 
joy & by sorr[1 y w ev] see m & m 9 ?is 
div9e picture & feel m ?an y see4 ,two  
gre5 curta9s are drawn aside & !re1     
float+ on ! cl\ds1 is ! ,virg9 full     
l5g?1 pres5t+ ! ,holy ,*ild to ! _w4 ,x 
is f> m ?an a "m & *ild1 = "o sees 9 !  
,madonna a look sugge/+ t %e sees       

vaguely ! d>kness ( ,calv>y & ! glory ( 
! resurrection4 ,?is is no ord9>y *ild1 
ei!r1 t %e holds1 = ,he sees beyond ?is 
_w into et]nity & t ,8 is no common     
de/9y2--at lea/1 "o feels ^! ?+s z we   
gaze at ! lovely app>ition on its       
backgr\nd ( cl\ds & innum]able angel    
heads4 ,/4 ,sixtus on "o side w\ld "k m 
( ?is my/]y1 :ile ,/4 ,b>b>a on ! o!r is
 dazzl$ by ! vision & turns aside h]    
lovely face4 ,bel[ are ! two *]ubs1 !   
f9al t\* ( love1 z x 71 to ?is m>vell\s 
picture4  ,x is said t ! picture 0      
complet$ at fir/ )\t ^! *]ubs & t !y 7  
aft]w>ds add$ :5 ,raphael f\nd two      
little boys re/+ _! arms on a balu/rade1
 gaz+ int5tly up at 8 picture4  ,?is    
pa9t+ has a room to itself 9 ! ,dresd5  
,gall]y1 :]e ! mo/ frivol\s =get to *at 
& ! ?\ghtful sit = h\rs 9 quiet         
m$itation "u its magic spell4 ,"o man   
says1 ,i c\ld sp5d an h\r e day = ye>s  
look+ at ?is picture & on ! la/ day ( ! 
la/ ye> discov] "s new beauty & a new   
joy4  ,!re 0 n[ great division ( op9ion 

9 ,rome z to :e!r ,angelo or ,raphael 7 
! great] pa9t]4 ,c>d9al de ,m$ici ord]$ 
two pictures = ! ,ca!dral ( ,n>bonne1 9 
,france1 "o by ,raphael & "o by         
,seba/ian ,piombo1 a favorite pupil (   
,angelo's4 ,p knew t ,angelo w\ld nev]  
op5ly compete ) ,raphael1 b !y also felt
 sure t he w\ld assi/ 8 pupil4 ,!       
subject *os5 by ,raphael 0 ,!           
,transfiguration4 ,b sudd5ly1 ev5 be=e  
?is late/ commission 0 complet$1 t magic
 h& _h be5 /opp$ by dea?4 ,! picture1   
?\gh f9i%$ by ,raphael's pupils1 is a   
great "w4 ,! asc5d+ ,"l is ! po9t (     
greate/ int]e/ 9 ! upp]1 or cele/ial "p1
 :ile ! fa!r ) 8 demoniac *ild1 holds   
our att5tion 9 ! l[]1 or t]re/rial      
portion4 ,at 8 fun]al ?is unf9i%$       
picture hung above ! dead pa9t]1 & 8    
sorr[+ fri5ds mu/ h felt1 z ,longfell[  
wrote ( ,haw?orne :5 he lay dead ) an   
unf9i%$ /ory on 8 bi]1--      ,ah1 :o   
%all lift t w& ( magic p[]1      ,& !   
lo/ clew rega98      ,! unf9i%$ w9d[ 9  
,aladd9's t[]      ,unf9i%$ mu/ rema94  

,illu/ration3 ,,transfiguration4        
,raphael4  ,raphael di$ sudd5ly on 8    
bir?day 9 #aebj1 f a fev] contract$ :ile
 se>*+ = rema9s among ! ru9s ( ,rome4   
,he realiz$ f ! fir/ t 8 sickness 0     
fatal1 & he imm$iately set ab\t dispos+ 
( 8 prop]ty4 ,8 works ( art he gave to 8
 pupils1 8 palace to ,c>d9al ,bibbi5a1 &
 8 o!r prop]ty 0 di/ribut$ among 8      
relatives1 & to 8 swee!>t1 ,m>gh]ita4   
,he 0 buri$ ) honors 9 ! ,pan!on at     
,rome1 beside ,m>ia ,bibbi5a4  ,= _m    
ye>s !re 0 exhibit$ at ,/4 ,luke's      
,academy1 9 ,rome1 a s-call$ skull (    
,raphael4 ,9 #ahcc "s s*ol>s decl>$ t !y
 did n believe ?is to be ! skull ( !    
arti/4 ,!y urg$ ! au?orities to op5 !   
grave to prove _! position4 ,aft] five  
days ( c>eful digg+ ! c(f9 0 rea*$ & !re
 lay ! arti/'s skeleton complete4 ,= _m 
days x 0 expos$ to view 9 a glass case4 
,a ca/ 0 tak5 ( ! "r h& & ( ! skull1 &  
!n1 ) spl5did c]emonies1 !y buri$ !     
arti/ a second "t4  ,m5tion has (t5 be5 
made ( ,raphael's p]sonal beauty4 ,only 

?irty-sev5 :5 he di$1 8 s]aphic beauty 0
 nev] m>r$ by age4  ,9 8 palace he liv$ 
! life ( a pr9ce1 & :5 he walk$ abroad1 
he _h a ret9ue ( devot$ foll[]s4 ,he _h 
= fri5ds pr9ces & prelates1 arti/s &    
poets1 :ile ! common p lov$ him = ! f9e 
_s !y knew him to be4  ,judg$ by ! moral
 /&>d ( 8 "t1 he 0 absolutely spotless4 
,seldom1 9 any man1 h all good qualities
 jo9$ ) a v]satile g5ius to ! ext5t t !y
 did 9 ,raphael4 ,no wond] t 8 fri5ds   
caus$ to be inscrib$ on 8 tomb ^!       
words--,?is is t ,raphael by :om ,nature
 fe>$ to be conqu]$ :ile he liv$1 & to  
die :5 he di$4   ,,ref]5ces ,,=         
,,raphael4      ,life ( ,raphael by     
,bell4      ,life ( ,raphael by         
,sweet/]4      ,life ( ,raphael by      
,vas>i4      ,s*ools & ,ma/]s ( ,pa9t+  
by ,radcliffe4      ,hi/ory ( ,art by   
,luebke4      ,hi/ory ( ,art by ,mrs4   
,heaton4      ,great ,arti/s by ,mrs4   
,%$d4      ,! ,f9e ,arts by ,symonds4   
,e>ly ,italian ,pa9t]s by ,mrs4         
,jameson4   ,,subjects ,,= ,,language   

,,"w4       #a4 ,! ,boy ,raphael at     
,home4       #b4 ,my ,favorite ,madonna4
       #c4 ,/ories ( ,/4 ,francis (     
,assisi4       #d4 ,:at ,i "k ( ,fresco 
,pa9t+4       #e4 ,look+ = ,buri$       
,treasures 9 ,rome4       #f4 ,a ,day 9 
! ,roman ,=um4       #g4 ,a ,day ) !    
,boy ,raphael4       #h4 ,! ,leg5d ( !  
,madonna della ,s$ia4       #i4 ,raphael
 & ,8 ,fri5ds4      #aj4 ,raphael !     
,/ud5t4     ,illu/ration3 ,,c\rt ,,9 ,,!
 ,,alcaz>4  ,,murillo ,,& ,,spani% ,,art
      ,velazquez is 9 art an eagle2     
,murillo is an angel4 ,"o admires       
,velazquez & adores ,murillo4 ,by 8     
canvasses we "k him z if     he _h liv$ 
among u4 ,he 0 h&some1 good & virtu\s4  
,envy     knew n :]e to attack him2     
ar\nd 8 cr[n ( glory he bore     a halo 
( love4 ,he 0 born to pa9t ! sky4       
--,,de ,,amicis4      ,murillo c\ld pa9t
 ! sacr$ f]vor ( ! devotee1 or !        
ec/asy ( ! religi\s en?usia/1 z well z !
 ragg$ness     ( ! m5dicant1 or ! abject
 suff]+ ( ,job4     --,,*>les ,,blanc4  

,illu/ration3 ,,murillo4  ,,murillo ,,& 
,,spani% ,,art4   ,spa9 0 n bless$ z    
,italy 0 ) "o g5]ation aft] ano!r (     
arti/s s great t all ! _w kn[s !m ev5 at
 ?is di/ant day4 ,spa9 has only two     
unque/ionably great pa9t]s t /& out z   
_w-arti/s4 ,!y are ,velazquez &         
,murillo4 ,! =m] pa9t$ ) unrivall$ skill
 ! _w ( noblem5 among :om he liv$4 ,!   
o!r1 n surr\nd$ by c\rti]s1 look$ into 8
 own pure1 religi\s s\l1 & into ! sky   
above1 & gave u visions ( heav5--its    
sa9ts & its angels4  ,x is impossible to
 /udy ei!r ( ^! m5 ap>t f ! o!r1 or ap>t
 f ! art records ( ,spa94 ,to und]/&    
ei!r1 we mu/ "k ! l&1 teem+ ) ri* &     
unique cities1 we mu/ h glimpses ( its  
hi/ory1 & we mu/ "k some?+ ( ! rules    
laid d[n by ! *ur* to guide ! pa9t] 9 8 
"w4  ,! climate ( ,spa91 except 9 ! s\?1
 is rigor\s4 ,elevat$ pla9s1 r\nd$ by   
sn[-capp$ m\nta9s1 & swept dur+ a l>ge  
"p ( ! ye> by *ill+ w9ds1 are n adapt$  
to inspire m5 to produce great works (  
art4 ,on su* a pla9 ,madrid is situat$1 

& *illy inde$ are its nature pictures1  
ev5 ?\gh !y are ov]-ar*$ by ! blue/ (   
skies & ! mo/ transp>5t ( atmosph]es6 ,9
 ,&alusia1 h[ev]1 ?+s 7 diff]5t4 ,"h 7 !
 olive1 ! orange1 & ! cypress1 & "h a   
sunny climate enc\rag$ ! h\seless begg> 
no less ?an ! aspir+ arti/4             
,illu/ration3 ,velasquez de ,silva4  ,9 
speak+ ( ,spa9 z a home ( pa9t+1 we mu/ 
n =get1 ei!r1 h[ v devot$ ! p 7 to _!   
religion1 = ?is1 p]haps m ?an any?+     
else1 gave a peculi> "* to ! art (      
,spa94 ,! doctr9es ( ,lu!r1 f\nd no     
will+ li/5]s 9 ,spa94 ,inde$1 !         
,spani>ds clung all ! clos] to ! ,*ur*  
:5 !y knew t !re 7 ^? :o wi%$ to *ange  
x1 & s _! pa9t+s are full ( sad-fac$1   
suff]+ sa9ts1 & rejoic+1 holy m5 & wom5 
:o gave _! lives to religion4 ,9        
connection ) ?is extreme religi\s zeal1 
! ,*ur* f\nd x necess>y to impose rules 
on ! arti/s :o w\ld pa9t ^! holy        
p]sonages4 ,! ,virg91 :om all pr(\ndly  
rev]5c$1 %\ld1 accord+ to tradition1 h  
fair hair & blue eyes4 ,h] robes mu/ be 

( pure :ite & azure blue1 & "u no       
circum/ances %\ld h] feet be expos$4 ,%e
 %\ld /& on ! cresc5t moon ) its horns  
po9t+ d[nw>d4 ,_m o!r simil> rules 7 at 
t "t ?\ght necess>y1 & !y greatly limit$
 ! arti/s 9 _! "w1 = h[ev] good a       
*ur*man a man may be1 x is impossible = 
him to prop]ly prescribe colors & =ms = 
! arti/1 :o1 if he is any ?+ at all1 is 
! see-er ( 8 age4 ,we want su* ?+s z !  
arti/ sees !m4 ,we %all see h[ ne>ly    
,murillo got into tr\ble by break+ "s ( 
^! prescrib$ rules4  ,if we /udy ! k+s (
 ,spa91 ,*>les ,v4 & ! ,philips1 we %all
 see two ?+s t greatly influ5c$ ! art ( 
,spa94 ,fir/1 !y 7 fond ( art & sp5t    
great sums ( money 9 buy+ f9e pa9t+s by 
,italian & ,flemi% ma/]s4 ,bo? ,titian &
 ,rub5s 7 favorites 9 ,spa91 & _m ( _!  
pictures 7 pa9t$ expressly = ,spani%    
mon>*s4 ,!n1 ^! rul]s 7 va9 & _h a great
 lik+ = hav+ _! portraits pa9t$4 ,?is   
vanity ext5d$ to ! ,c\rti]s & ev5 to !  
dw>fs1 sev]al ( :om 7 usually connect$ )
 ! c\rt z a s\rce ( amusem5t4 ,!re are  

portraits ( "s ( ^! dim9utive creatures 
s skillfully pa9t$ t we _c help wi%+ t m
 wor?y subjects _h be5 us$4 ,?us !      
vanity ( mon>*s & _! c\rti]s gave a     
direction to ,spani% art :i* c be       
acc\nt$ = 9 no o!r way--_! greate/      
arti/s are always great portrait pa9t]s4
 ,s we see t1 :ile g5ius 9 arti/s is    
indisp5sable1 yet is ?is same g5ius     
l>gely influ5c$ by climate1 by religi\s 
en?usiasm1 & ev5 by ! :ims ( k+s &      
que5s4    ,illu/ration3 ,,aesop4        
,velazquez4  ,al?\gh ,murillo /&s out a 
sup]latively great & beautiful arti/1   
yet we mu/ n =get t ,velazquez1 only    
eighte5 ye>s 8 s5ior1 & l himself a     
native ( ,seville1 liv$ dur+ ! great] "p
 ( ,murillo's lifetime & divid$ honors )
 him4 ,z has already be5 indicat$1      
,velazquez's art 0 ( a v diff]5t sort f 
,murillo's4 ,he 0 born into a home (    
pl5ty1 & v soon w5t to ,madrid z c\rt   
pa9t]4 ,we "k h[ he ga9$ r5[n = all "t  
by ! accuracy ( ! portraits he pa9t$ (  
v>i\s memb]s ( ! c\rt ( ,philip ,,iv4--!

 k+1 ! m9i/]1 ,c\nt ,oliv>ez1 ! pr9ces1 
! dw>fs1 & ! buffoons4 ,we rememb]1 too1
 h[ he ?\ght t v ord9>y p]sonage1 ,!    
,wat]-,c>ri] ( ,seville1 ) 8 wr9kles1 8 
joy1 & 8 begg>ly cu/om]s1 a subject wor?
 pa9t+4 ,!n we recall a goodly li/ ( o!r
 commonplace subjects :i* he treat$ s   
tru?fully t !y w always /& among ! great
 pictures ( ! _w1--,! ,sp9n]s1 :]e wom5 
labor 9 a d+y room1 ,! ,top]s1 ,!       
,lances1 repres5t+ ! great surr5d] (    
,br$a1 & ! ,! ,maids ( ,honor4 ,nor c we
 =get 8 ideal portrait ( ,a,esop1 ) 8   
book "u 8 arm4 ,h[ well we "k t book (  
fables6 ,! rugg$1 good-natur$ face1     
homely z c be1 holds u1 z by a spell1 & 
if we h n already done s1 we read 8 book
 because we mu/1 aft] look+ into t de>  
old face4  ,"o ( ! lovelie/ ?+s we      
rememb] ( ,velazquez 0 8 k9dness to     
,murillo :5 he came to ,madrid1 a poor  
art /ud5t4 ,al?\gh ,velazquez 0 ri* & 8 
pictures 9 dem&1 he took a ke5 int]e/ 9 
! "y ,murillo1 :o %\ld "o day /& beside 
him--!y two ! greate/ arti/s ( ,spa94   

,by ! duties ( 8 (fice1 he 0 oblig$ to  
take an active "p 9 ! fe/ivities att5d+ 
! m>riage ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 & ! ,infanta1  
,m>ia ,!resa1 9 #affj4 ,! fatigue &     
exposure caus$ 8 dea?4 ,we are          
reasonable 9 presum+ t ?us 0 ,spa9 robb$
 ( t5 ye>s ( a /rong arti/'s life & "w4 
,incomp>able loss :5 we ?9k ( :at 8     
c\ntrym5 ga9$ 9 wat*+ a pass+ pageant4  
,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral1 ,,seville1     
,,%[+ ,,! ,,giralda ,,t[]4  ,spa9 is a  
l& ( unique cities4 ,p]haps ?is is      
because 9 s _m ( !m ! works (           
,*ri/ianity 7 graft$ on to works        
orig9ally built or begun by ! ,moors4 ,z
 we /udy ! wond]ful build+s ( ,spa91 we 
_c =get1 h[ev] mu* we may abhor !       
religion ( ! ,arabs1 t !y 7 m>vell\s    
build]s & pr(\nd s*ol>s4 ,:5 ! ,spani>ds
 s5t !m f _! c\ntry1 aft] !y _h liv$ !re
 = sev5 hundr$ ye>s1 !y lo/ _! be/      
citiz5s1 & ! mo/ beautiful & highly     
cultivat$ "p ( ,spa9 0 h5ce=? to be     
comp>atively desolate4 ,on all ! great  
section ( ,&alusia1 ! mo/ s\!rn "p (    

,spa91 ! ,moors left m>ks 9 build+s & 9 
cultivation1 t x w take c5turies yet to 
sweep away4  ,( all ! cities ( ?is      
division1 & x includes a goodly numb] ( 
,spa9's mo/ important t[ns1 ,seville1 ! 
pe>l ( cities1 ! bir?place ( bo?        
,velazquez & ,murillo1 appeals mo/      
/rongly to ev]yone4 ,_m sup]lative      
adjectives rise to our lips z we ?9k (  
its :it5ess1 ( its sunny v9ey>d slopes1 
its orange & olive groves1 its salubri\s
 climate1 & its anci5t associations4 ,we
 ?9k ( its wondr\s ca!dral1 next 9 size 
to ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ( its /ori$ bell-t[]1 ! 
,giralda1 ( t fairy palace1 ! home (    
g5]ations ( ,moori% k+s1 ! ,alcaz>1 ( ! 
,gold5 ,t[] by ! riv]'s edge1 :]e       
,*ri/ian rul]s /or$ _! treasure4 ,& !n  
to our vision ( ,seville ! beautiful1 we
 add ! silv] ,guadalquivir :i* divides1 
& yet encloses ?is dream city (         
,&alusia4 ,if we are n int]e/$ 9 art1   
/ill mu/ we be en?usia/ic ov] ,seville1 
= its bewit*+ little wom5 ) _! lu/r\s   
eyes1 _! glossy d>k hair1 held by ! ev] 

pres5t s+le rose4 ,if x be ent]ta9m5t we
 seek1 !n ,seville w furni% u ! national
 bull-fight 9 all its p]fection4 ,if ! m
 ref9$ delights ( music attract u1 /ill 
m is ?is our *os5 city1 = "h is ! sc5e  
(1 ,moz>t's ,don ,juan & ,fig>o1 (      
,bizet's ,c>m51 & _m are ! %ops t claim 
to h belong$ to ! ,b>b] ( ,seville4  ,x 
is mo/ pleas+ to our s5se (             
appropriat5ess t out ( ?is beautiful    
:ite city ( ,&alusia1 %\ld h come1 at   
ab\t ! same "t1 ! two greate/ ,spani%   
pa9t]s1 ! "o to give u real sc5es & p1 !
 o!r to give u ideals ( l(tie/ type4    
,"h 9 ! clos+ days ( #afag1 ,murillo 0  
born4 ,8 fa!r & "m 7 poor p4 ,! h\se !y 
liv$ 9 _h =m]ly belong$ to a conv5t1 & x
 0 r5t$ to !m = a v small sum1 on       
condition t !y w\ld keep up ! repairs4  
,ev5 ?is ,murillo's fa!r f\nd to be a   
heavy burd54 ,he 0 a me*anic & 8 income 
v small4    ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,grape   
,,eat]s4      ,murillo4  ,our arti/'s   
full "n 0 ,b>tolome ,e/eban ,murillo4 ,8
 la/ "n seems to h come f 8 fa!r's      

family1 ?\gh x 0 ev5 m common 9 ^? days 
to take ! "m's "n = a surname1 z 9 !    
case ( ,velazquez4 ,we "k almo/ no?+ ( 8
 e>ly ye>s except t he 0 left an orphan 
be=e he 0 elev51 "u ! gu>dian%ip ( an   
uncle4 ,p]haps we %\ld m5tion t ,murillo
 e>ly %[$ 8 incl9ation to make pictures 
by scribbl+ ! m>g9 ( 8 s*ool books )    
designs t 9 no wise illu/rat$ ! text    
!re94 ,) ?is z a guide 8 gu>dian e>ly   
appr5tic$ him to ,juan del ,ca/illo1    
ano!r uncle1 & an arti/ ( "s repute4 ,"h
 he le>n$ to mix colors1 to clean       
bru%es1 & to draw ) great accuracy4  ,:5
 ,murillo 0 ab\t tw5ty-two1 ,ca/illo    
remov$ to ,cadiz1 d[n ! riv] f ,seville1
 & ! "y arti/ 0 ?r[n :olly on 8 own     
res\rces4 ,life ) him 9 ^? days 0 m]ely 
a /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,he took ! me?od v 
g5]ally tak5 by "y arti/s4 ,he pa9t$ = !
 ,f]ia or weekly m>ket4 ,"h all sorts ( 
produc]s & huck/]s ga!r$ ) _! w>es4 ,we 
c imag9e t m5 ( ?is sort 7 n v p>ticul> 
ab\t ! art objects !y pur*as$4 ,!y dem&$
 two ?+s--bright colors & /rik+ figures4

 ,murillo1 9 common ) o!r /ruggl+       
arti/s1 turn$ out great numb]s ( ^!     
little bits ( pa9t$ canvas4 ,"s ( !m h  
be5 discov]$ 9 ,spani% ,am]ica1 :i!r !y 
7 und\bt$ly tak5 to assi/ 9 religi\s    
tea*+4  ,if !re 0 h>d%ip 9 ?is pa9t+ = !
 f]ia1 z p slight+ly spoke ( su* "w1 !re
 7 also imm5se advantages4 ,z he pa9t$  
he c\ld obs]ve ! p :o came to buy & ! p 
:o came to sell1 &1 mayhap1 t o!r num]\s
 class 9 ,seville :o nei!r buy nor sell1
 b beg in/ead4 ,f ?is v obs]vation ( "* 
mu/ h come l>gely t skill :i* is s m>k$ 
9 8 pictures ( begg> boys1 :o1 ) a few  
copp]s1 or a melon1 or "s grapes1 are   
k+s ( _! surr\nd+s4 ,!n ! dem& = /rik+  
figures cultivat$ a broad /yle 9 ! arti/
 :i* add$ greatly to 8 lat] "w4  ,a     
fell[ pupil ( ,murillo's _h jo9$ ! army 
9 ,fl&]s4 ,:5 he return$ he told su*    
wond]ful /ories ( ! c\ntry & its art    
works1 t ,murillo 0 m ?an ev] inspir$ to
 g abroad to ,rome or to ,fl&]s4 ,he at 
once set ab\t e>n+ a little money to    
assi/ him 9 ! j\rney4 ,aga9 he pa9t$ a  

great numb] ( sa9ts & bright l&scapes on
 small squ>es ( l951 & sold !m to eag]  
cu/om]s4 ,?us he provid$ himself ) scant
 means = ! j\rney4 ,he plac$ 8 si/] 9 ! 
c>e ( a relative1 & !n />t$ (f afoot    
across ! ,si]ras to ,madrid1 )\t hav+   
told anyone ( 8 int5tions4 ,8 little    
/ock ( money 0 soon exhau/$1 & he arriv$
 9 ,madrid exhau/$ & desp]ately         
lonesome4 ,he at once se>*$ out         
,velazquez1 8 t[nsman1 :o 0 !n ri*1 &   
honor$ 9 ! position ( c\rt pa9t] to     
,philip ,,iv4 ,velazquez receiv$ him    
k9dly1 & aft] "s inquiry ab\t mutual    
acqua9tances1 he talk$ ( ! "y pa9t]'s   
plans = himself4 ,murillo spoke freely (
 8 ambition to be a great pa9t]1 & ( 8  
desire to visit ,rome & ,fl&]s4         
,velazquez took ! "y pa9t] to 8 own     
h\se1 & procur$ = him ! privilege (     
copy+ 9 ! great gall]ies ( ! capitol & 9
 ! ,escurial4 ,he advis$ him to copy    
c>efully ! ma/]pieces 9 8 own c\ntry4   
,!re 7 pictures by ,titian1 ,van ,dyck1 
& ,rub5s1 & ,murillo began ! "w ( copy+ 

!m at once4 ,:5 ,velazquez return$ aft] 
long abs5ce1 he 0 surpris$ at !         
improvem5t 9 ,murillo's "w4 ,he n[      
advis$ ! "y pa9t] to g to ,rome1 b he _h
 be5 away f ,seville = ?ree ye>s1 & he  
long$ to be aga9 at home 9 8 beautiful  
native city4 ,dur+ 8 abs5ce he _h le>n$ 
mu* 9 art & 9 ! ways ( ! _w4 ,he _h met 
_m di/+ui%$ arti/s & /atesm5 9          
,velazquez's home4    ,illu/ration3     
,,fruit ,,v5d]s4      ,murillo4  ,! fir/
 ?ree ye>s aft] 8 return to ,seville1 he
 busi$ himself ) a s]ies ( pictures = a 
small ,franciscan conv5t ne> by4 ,al?\gh
 he did ! "w )\t pay1 ! monks 7 loa? to 
give him ! commission because he 0 an   
unkn[n arti/4 ,!re 7 elev5 9 ! s]ies1   
sc5es f ! life ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,!y 7    
admirably done1 & ?\gh ! arti/ receiv$  
no pay = !m1 !y did him a great] s]vice 
?an money c\ld h b\ght--!y e/abli%$ 8   
reputation1 s t he no long] want$ = su* 
"w z he desir$4  ,among 8 e>lie/ & be/  
kn[n pictures are ^? *>m+ /udies ( !    
begg> boys & fl[] girls ( ,seville4     

,sev]al ( ! be/ ( ^! are 9 ! gall]y at  
,muni* :]e !y are ju/ly priz$4 ,"h are  
"s ( ! names he gives ^! pictures1 ,!   
,melon ,eat]s1 ,! ,game/]s1 ,! ,grape   
,eat]s1 ,! ,fruit ,v5d]s1 ,! ,fl[]      
,girl4 ,!y are true to life--! happie/1 
mo/ int]e/+1 & self-suffici5t set ( "y  
begg>s "o c\ld well imag9e4 ,notice1    
too1 ! beauty ( ! faces1 especially 9 ,!
 ,fruit ,v5d]s1 reproduc$ 9 ?is sket*4  
,!re are o!r int]e/+ ?+s 9 ?is picture4 
,) :at eag]ness ! day's e>n+s are c\nt$6
 ,!re is a mo!rl9ess 9 ! girl's face t  
makes u sure t %e is at once "m & si/]  
to ! boy4 ,:at lusci\s grapes--:at a    
back-gr\nd1 unkempt l !mselves1 b       
?or\ghly 9 keep+ ) ! re/ ( ! picture6 ,9
 8 works ( ?is sort :at broad sympa?y he
 %[s6 s broad1 inde$1 t !y prove him z  
belong+ to no p>ticul> nation1 b to !   
_w4  ,f ! pa9t+ ( ^! sc5es f real life1 
he pass$ gradually to ! pa9t+ ( ?+s     
purely imag9>y--to ^? visible only to 8 
own m9d4  ,a da9ty picture :i* belongs  
half & half to ea* ( ^! classes (       

pictures1 repres5ts ! ,virg9 a little   
girl1 sweet & qua9t z %e mu/ h be51 /&+ 
by ,/4 ,anne's knee1 app>5tly le>n+ a   
lesson f ! op5 book4 ,bo? figures are   
beautiful 9 !mselves &1 besides1 !y     
pres5t ! always int]e/+ contra/ ( age & 
y\?4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! pictures t well-nigh 
br\ght tr\ble on ,murillo f "s zeal\s   
*ur*m5 be=e ref]r$ to4 ,!y ?\ght t !    
,virg9 0 gift$ ) le>n+ f h] bir? & nev] 
_h to be taught4 ,!y m]ely criticiz$ !  
treatm5t ( ! subject1 h[ev]4 ,x 0 an    
innovation 9 *ur* pa9t+4                
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,melon ,,eat]s4      
,murillo4  ,by ?is "t ,murillo 0 weal?y4
 ,he _h num]\s commissions &1 9 society1
 he m+l$ ) ! be/ 9 ! l&4 ,he 0 n[ 9 a   
position to m>ry1 :i* he did 9 #afdh4   
,!re is a /ory told ( ,murillo's m>riage
 :i* "o likes to repeat4 ,he 0 pa9t+ an 
alt>-piece = ! *ur* 9 ,pilas1 a t[n ne> 
by2 :ile he 0 work+1 wrapt 9 ?\ghts ( 8 
subject1 a lovely woman came into ! *ur*
 to pray4 ,f 8 canvas1 ! arti/'s eyes   
w&]$ to ! wor%ipp]4 ,he 0 deeply        

impress$ ) h] beauty & h] devotion4     
,want+ j !n an angel to complete 8      
picture1 he sket*$ ! face & ! =m ( !    
unsuspect+ lady4 ,by a pleasant         
co9cid5ce he aft]w>ds made h] ! angel ( 
8 home--8 good wife4 ,! pa9t] d\btless  
prov$ ! tru? ( ,wordswor?'s beautiful   
l9es--      ,i saw h] ^u ne>] view      
,a _s yet a ,woman too6            99   
99       99     ,a c\nt5ance 9 :i* did  
meet      ,sweet records1 promises z    
sweet2      ,a creature n too bright &  
good      ,= human nature's daily food4 
99       99       99     ,a p]fect woman
 nobly plann$1      ,to w>n1 to com=t1 &
 comm&2      ,& yet a _s /ill1 & bright 
,) some?+ ( angelic light4  ,h[ev] ?is  
may be1 we "k t %e is (t5 pa9t$ z !     
,virg9 9 ,murillo's great pictures4 ,h] 
liquid eyes & d>k hair inspir$ him to   
=get ! rigid rules laid d[n reg>d+ !    
,virg9's hav+ blue eyes & fair hair or1 
at all ev5ts1 to disreg>d !m4 ,we %all  
see ! ,m>y 9 "s ( 8 lovelie/ pictures ) 
! d>k hair & eyes ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,?ree   

*ildr5 7 born into ,murillo's home1 two 
boys & "o girl4 ,"o boy = a "t practis$ 
! art ( 8 fa!r1 b he lat] became a      
cl]gyman4 ,! o!r son came to ,am]ica1   
:ile ! daught] devot$ h]self to religion
 & ent]$ a conv5t4  ,aft] ,murillo's    
m>riage1 8 h\se 0 ! ga!r+ place = ! mo/ 
di/+ui%$ p ( ,seville4 ,:at a *ange 0   
?is f ,murillo's e>ly condition1 :5 he  
toil$ at ! weekly m>kets = bread &      
%elt]6 ,8 p[] 9 8 "w increas$1 s t e new
 picture 0 an additional pl$ge ( 8      
greatness4    ,illu/ration3 ,,!         
,,immaculate ,,conception4              
,murillo4  ,x 0 9 middle life t ,murillo
 began pa9t+ ! subject t m ?an any o!r  
di/+ui%$ him4 ,x 0 to glorify a         
beautiful idea1 t ,m>y 0 z pure &       
spotless z h] div9e son4 ,x is call$ !  
doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 & s
 mu* did x appeal to ,murillo t he pa9t$
 x ov] & ov] aga94 ,he has left u at    
lea/ tw5ty diff]5t pictures embody+ ?is 
doctr9e4 ,! "o mo/ famili> is p]haps !  
greate/4 ,x is ! "o t n[ graces !       

gem-room ( ! ,l\vre4 ,i s "n ?is room1 =
 9 x1 )9 a few feet ( "o ano!r1 are     
pictures by ,raphael1 ,da ,v9ci1        
,correggio1 ,rembr&t1 ,v]onese1 9 %ort1 
by ! =emo/ ma/]s ( ! _w4 ,among all ^! !
 vision ( ,murillo takes an equal rank4 
,to _m1 ! idea :i* ! picture repres5ts  
is ( second>y importance1 save p]haps z 
giv+ a reason = ! "n x be>s4 ,b all c   
see ! exquisite lovel9ess ( ?is "y woman
 9 h] blue mantle & h] :ite robe1 ) h]  
feet conceal$ by ! volum9\s folds ( h]  
drap]y1 & ) ! cresc5t moon1 ! symbol (  
all ?+s e>?ly1 9 ! mid/ ( a ?rong (     
*ild-angels hov]+ 9 ! sunny air1 repos+ 
on cl\ds1 or sport+ among _! silv]y     
folds--! apo!osis ( womanhood4 ,x is z  
if an unse5 h& _h sudd5ly drawn aside an
 invisible curta9 & we1 ! *ildr5 ( e>?1 
7 = a mom5t p]mitt$ to view ! int]ior ( 
heav5 itself4 ,9 ?is vision ( a poet1 s 
ma/]fully pa9t$1 ! lov] ( pictures      
rejoices4  ,h[ did ! ,l\vre come by ?is 
magnific5t monum5t ( ,spani% art :5 s   
mu* t is glori\s has be5 kept )9 !      

b\nd>ies ( ,spa98 ,we h b to turn to !  
w>s ( ,napoleon & ! campaigns 9 !       
,spani% p59sula1 :5 ! m>%als ( ! mighty 
w>rior swept ev]y?+ be=e !m4 ,"o ( ^!1  
,m>%al ,s\lt1 br\ght back1 aft] 8       
victori\s invasion1 pictures en\gh to   
enri* a ,cz>4 ,"o ( ^! /ol5 treasures 0 
! picture we are /udy+4 ,9 #aheb1 !     
,fr5* gov]nm5t b\ght x ( him = m ?an    
#abj1jjj4 ,!re is b "o mitigat+ ?\ght   
reg>d+ ?is rap9e ( ! ,fr5*1 & t is t _m 
art treasures1 h]et(ore virtually lock$ 
to ! public1 7 op5$ to ! _w--7 made     
easily accessible4  ,f ?is fair vision (
 womanhood let u turn to ano!r1 fair]   
/ill1 :]e a little *ild is ! c5tral     
figure1 ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua4 ,al?\gh he
 did n repeat ?is subject s (t5 z he did
 ! ,conception1 yet he has left u sev]al
 repres5tations ( ?is beautiful & mu*   
ador$ sa9t4    ,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,( 
,,virg91 ,,f ,,! ,,immaculate           
,,conception4                  ,murillo4
  ,9 ! life ( ,raphael we saw h[ great  
an influ5ce 0 ex]t$ on art by ,/4       

,francis ( ,assisi4 ,8 mo/ devot$ foll[]
 0 ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua1 f ^: lips sweet
 words fell l drops ( honey1 & ^: ready 
h&s ev] disp5s$ de$s ( love4 ,any man ^:
 life ab\nds 9 su* acts mu/ be dev\t4   
,su* 0 ! "* ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 & he add$ to 
?is a vivid imag9ation4 ,_m 7 !         
beautiful visions t rew>d$ & enc\rag$ 8 
de$s ( m]cy & k9dness4 ,"o ( ! lovelie/ 
is ! "o ,murillo caught f ! dep?s ( 8   
own pure s\l1 & held long en\gh to      
transf] x to canvas to delight ! p ( 8  
own day1 & u ( ?is lat] "t :o no long]  
see visions4 ,x is /ill 9 ! ca!dral (   
,seville = :i* x 0 pa9t$4 ,x is m]ely   
call$ ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua4 ,nev] 0 a m 
s\l-?rill+ vision s5t to man to illum9e 
8 e>?ly pa?way4 ,!re is ! kneel+ sa9t ) 
out/ret*$ arms rea*+ =w>d to embrace !  
,*ri/ *ild1 :o comes slid+ d[n ?r\gh !  
nebul\s light f among a ho/ ( joy\s     
angels4 ,f ! ec/atic look on ,/4        
,an?ony's face we "k t ! ,*ild ( ,god   
has be5 drawn to e>? by ! pray]ful love 
9 ! sa9t's he>t4 ,we feel c]ta9 t ! op5 

book on ! table ne> by is none o!r ?an !
 be/ ( all good books4 ,! vision has    
come to ,sa9t ,an?ony on ! e>?1 = t is  
common daylight t /reams 9 ?r\gh ! op5  
door1 & ^? are p]i%able lilies 9 ! vase 
!re by ! op5 book4 ,by ! pa9t+ ( ?is    
picture ,murillo ga9$ = himself ! title 
( ,! ,pa9t] ( ,heav54 ,! picture has    
always be5 highly priz$1 & ev5 ! h>d%ips
 ( w> did n tempt ! m5 ( ! ,ca!dral to  
accept ! ,duke ( ,well+ton's (f] to     
lit]ally cov] ! canvas ) gold to be giv5
 9 ex*ange = ! preci\s picture4 ,!      
,engli% g5]al 0 oblig$ to keep 8 money1 
& 9 ! ca!dral /ill we may view          
,murillo's ma/]piece4 ,treasures tempt  
?ieves ev5 :5 !y are 9 ! =m ( pictures4 
,9 #ahgd1 ! figure ( ! ,*ri/ ,*ild 0 cut
 f ?is pa9t+4 ,x 0 br\ght to ,new ,york1
 :]e ! ?ief1 9 try+ to dispose ( x1 0   
caught4 ,! figure 0 return$ to ,seville1
 & c>efully ins]t$ 9 ! injur$ pa9t+4  ,x
 may n be out ( place to /op "h & notice
 ! wond]ful v>iety ( holy *ildr5 t      
,murillo has giv5 u4 ,8 ,madonnas       

inv>iably hold v beautiful *ildr51 n s  
heav5ly1 p]haps1 z ,raphael's 9 ! ,si/9e
 ,madonna1 b nev]!less1 *ildr5 t *>m u  
into lov+ !m4 ,f ! holy babe1 ) all 8   
lovely qualities1 let u turn to t de>   
little boy ( old] gr[?1 t ,joseph & ,m>y
 hold s t5d]ly by ei!r h& 9 ! picture ( 
! ,holy ,family 9 ! ,national ,gall]y 9 
,london1 or to ^? o!r boys1 ,! ,div9e   
,%eph]d & ,/ ,john4 ,bett] ?an all1     
h[ev]1 are ^? beautiful *ildr5 kn[n z ,!
 ,*ildr5 ( ! ,%ell1 :]e ! little ,*ri/  
(f]s to 8 playfell[1 ,john1 ! cool+     
draught f a con* %ell !y h pick$ up 9 _!
 play4 ,!y are *ildr5 drawn f ! sky q z 
mu* z ! ,jesus 9 ! fam\s ,/4 ,an?ony    
picture4  ,among 8 *ildr5 !re are little
 girls1 too4 ,we h already notic$ !     
,virg9 z a *ild1 & !re is t o!r1 l$ by !
 gu>dian angel sure & safe along life's 
unc]ta9 way4 ,ev5 9 our practical "t we 
all h m or less fai? 9 ! gu>dian _s t   
wat*es ov] e little *ild4 ,if by "s     
miracle ^! *ildr5 c\ld all come to life1
 :at a joy\s yet ?\ghtful assembly x    

w\ld be6 ,difficult inde$ w\ld x be to  
select ! "o beyond all o!rs preci\s4 ,no
 m c]ta9 pro( exi/s ( ,murillo's high   
appreciation ( spiritual ?+s1 ( !       
simplicity & purity ( 8 own life & ?\ght
 ?an ?is selfsame ?rong ( little *ildr5 
t he has giv5 u4    ,illu/ration3 ,,/4  
,,an?ony ,,( ,,padua4      ,murillo4    
,murillo _h always ?\ght t a public     
academy ( pa9t+ 0 v mu* ne$$ 9 ,seville4
 ,9 8 y\? he _h greatly felt ! ne$ ( su*
 an in/itution4 ,f9ally1 9 #affj1 ! ye> 
( ,velazquez's dea?1 sev]al ( ! arti/s  
unit$ ) ,murillo 9 />t+ an academy4 ,x  
liv$ only z long z its f\nd] & nev]     
produc$ a great arti/4  ,9 #afga our    
arti/ seem$ 9 ! v prime ( 8 p[]4 ,9 t   
ye> he began ! wond]ful s]ies ( pictures
 = ! ,*>ity ,hospital ( ,seville4 ,x 0  
an old in/itution ( ! city1 b x _h be5  
neglect$ until x 0 almo/ 9 ru9s4 ,9     
,murillo's "t a weal?y & pi\s citiz5 set
 ab\t re/or+ x4 ,= ! beautify+ ( !      
re/or$ hospital ,murillo 0 commission$  
to pa9t elev5 works4 ,!y are among 8 v  

be/4 ,two ( !m we mu/ notice 9 p>ticul>1
 ,moses ,/rik+ ! ,rock & ,elizabe? (    
,hung>y ,t5d+ ! ,sick4  ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! !
 arti/ %[s himself 9 a new capacity1 t (
 illu/rator4 ,no?+ c\ld bett] express ! 
?ir/ ( t va/ assembly 9 ! wild]ness ?an 
?is picture4 ,f a mighty1 t[]+ rock !   
covet$ wat] gu%es =? 9 a g5]\s1 cry/al  
/ream1 by its v abundance mak+ a pool   
b5ea?4 ,all degrees ( ?ir/ are repres5t$
 9 man & bea/1 f t :i* is n press+ to t 
:i*1 9 its int5sity1 makes a "m seize ! 
cup f ! babe 9 h] arms4  ,9 ! ,/4       
,elizabe? we admire ! composition ( !   
"w1 b ! subject r repels ?an holds u4 ,)
 ! diadem ( a que5 ^u h] head1 ) !      
delicate h&s ( a g5tlewoman1 & f a co/ly
 bas9 ,/4 ,elizabe? ba!s ! scr(ul\s head
 ( a begg>4 ,h] ladies-9-wait+ turn f ! 
loa?some object ( h] c>e1 :ile o!r      
pati5ts await _! turn4 ,9 ! di/ance is !
 c\rt fea/ t goes on joy\sly 9 ! palace 
:ile ,elizabe?1 ! mi/ress ( ! fea/1     
s]ves ! diseas$ begg>s at ! portal4  ,i 
h said t we c\ld n /op to notice m ?an  

two ( ?is notable s]ies4 ,yet1 z ,i run 
my photographs ov]1 ,i _c refra9 f !    
m5tion ( "o o!r1 ! noble & wond]fully   
beautiful ,lib]ation ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,x is 
simply a magnific5t angel awak5+ ,pet]  
:o langui%es 9 prison4 ,! sudd5ly ar\s$ 
prison]1 ! brok5 fett]s1 & above all1 t 
glori\s angel1 ext5d+ a help+ h&--8     
pres5ce mak+ a light 9 t d>k cell--tell 
9 no unc]ta9 acc5ts ( ! p[] ( our belov$
 pa9t]4    ,illu/ration3 ,,madonna4     
,murillo4  ,?us might we g on f picture 
to picture1 & f ye> to ye>1 = ! li/ ev] 
/r5g!ns z x l5g!ns4 ,two m1 at lea/1    
%\ld claim our att5tion be=e ?is sket*  
is clos$4 ,!y are ,/4 ,?omas giv+ ,alms 
& ,! ,madonna ( ! ,napk94 ,! ,/4 ,?omas 
is rightly ! companion ( t o!r great    
*>ity picture1 ,/4 ,elizabe?4 ,! "o     
repres5ts ! abnegation ( self 9 woman's 
way--%e gives s]vice4 ,! o!r repres5ts  
man's way--he gives money4 ,at ! portal 
( ! *ur* /&s ! pale-fac$1 spiritual ,/4 
,?omas1 disp5s+ 8 alms to begg>s &      
cripples4 ,9 composition & draw+ ?is is 

"o ( ,murillo's greate/ works4 ,we are  
int]e/$ to "k t x 0 8 own favorite among
 8 pictures4  ,! ,madonna ( ! ,napk9 is 
bo? beautiful & curi\s4 ,:ile ,murillo 0
 pa9t+ a s]ies ( pictures = a ,capu*9   
conv5t ( ,seville1 ! cook became v mu*  
atta*$ to him4 ,:5 8 "w 0 done & he 0   
ab\t to leave ! conv5t1 ! cook begg$ a  
mem5to4 ,b h[ c\ld he pa9t ev5 a small  
picture ) no canvas at h&8 ,! cook1 b5t 
on obta9+ 8 wi%1 pres5t$ him ) a table  
napk9 & begg$ him to use t in/ead (     
canvas4 ,) 8 usual good nature1 ! arti/ 
compli$1 & be=e ev5+ he produc$ a       
beautiful ,virg9 hold+ ! infant ,*ri/4  
,?\gh done ?us ha/ily1 ?is ,madonna is  
"o ( 8 be/ 9 design & color+4 ,8 o!r    
,madonnas we "k well1 ! "o hold+ a      
ros>y1 & ! o!r m>k$ by no?+ b its own   
surpass+ grace & beauty1 & kn[n simply z
 ,murillo's ,madonna4  ,accord+ to !    
subject he 0 pa9t+1 ,murillo us$ ?ree   
di/9ct /yles ( "w1 kn[n z ! cold1 ! w>m1
 & ! a]ial4 ,! fir/1 9 :i* ! l9e or     
draw+ is m>k$ by /r5g?1 he us$ 9 8      

/udies ( peasant life4 ,! second he us$ 
9 8 visions1 :ile ! ?ird he res]v$ = 8  
,conceptions--8 heav5ly effects4 ,s f9e 
a colori/ 0 he1 h[ev]1 & s indisp5sable 
a "p ( 8 art did he consid] ! color+ t  
ev5 ! pictures class$ z cold are radiant
 ) 8 lovely1 mell[ colors4              
,illu/ration3 ,,virg9 ,,( ,,! ,,mirror4 
,murillo4  ,?r\gh ! great] "p (         
,murillo's life he pa9t$ = 8 beautiful  
,seville4 ,9 #afhj1 h[ev]1 he w5t to    
,cadiz to pa9t pictures = ! ,capu*9s at 
t place4 ,he began on ! l>ge/ "o ( !    
numb]4 ,x 0 to repres5t ! m>riage ( ,/4 
,ca!r9e1 a favorite subject ( ! "t4     
,ev5ts prov$ t ?is 0 to be 8 la/        
picture1 =1 :ile try+ to rea* ! upp] "p 
( x1 he fell f ! scaffold+1 receiv+     
injuries f :i* he di$ two ye>s lat]4    
,gradually 8 physical p[] des]t$ him    
until he did n attempt to pa9t at all4  
,!n he sp5t mu* ( 8 "t 9 religi\s ?\ght4
 ,9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,cruz ne> by 8 home1
 0 a picture ( ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross by  
,campana4 ,be=e ?is picture he sp5t _m  

h\rs1 s mu* did he admire x4 ,"o ev5+ he
 rema9$ lat] ?an usual4 ,! ,angelus _h  
s\nd$1 & ! ,sacri/an wi%$ to close !    
*ur*4 ,he ask$ ! pa9t] :y he l+]$ s     
long4 ,he respond$1 ,i am wait+ until ^?
 m5 h br\ght ! body ( our bless$ ,"l d[n
 ! ladd]4 ,:5 ,murillo di$ he 0 buri$1  
accord+ to 8 wi%1 imm$iately "u ?is     
picture4  ,he di$ 9 ,april1 #afhb4 ,8   
fun]al 0 ( ! sort t draws all classes--a
 belov$ man & a pr(\nd g5ius _h pass$   
away4 ,8 grave 0 cov]$ ) a /one slab on 
:i* 7 c>v$ b few words beside 8 "n4 ,!  
*ur* 0 de/roy$ dur+ ! ,fr5* w>s1 & !    
,plaza ( ,santa ,cruz occupies its      
place4 ,9 lat] ye>s a /atue ( bronze 0  
erect$ 9 "o ( ! squ>es ( ! city 9 honor 
( ,murillo2 !re x /&s1 ?r\gh all *anges1
 ! v ma/] _s ( ! city4  ,if ?is sket*   
has impli$ any?+1 x has emphasiz$ ov] & 
ov] aga9 ! sweet & lovable "* (         
,murillo4 ,8 religi\s zeal 0 great1 yet 
no "o c\ld ev] ju/ly write fanatic      
beside 8 "n4 ,!re 0 too mu* love 9 8 s\l
 = t4 ,8 pictures are indisputable pro( 

( ! nev]-dy+ love t p]meat$ 8 life4  ,he
 left a great numb] ( pictures1 & 8     
habit ( n sign+ !m made x easy to impose
 on unw>y seek]s aft] 8 pa9t+s4 ,pass+  
by all ! "w ! au?or%ip ( :i* is unc]ta91
 yet is !re en\gh left to make u m>vel  
at 8 productiv5ess4   ,,subjects ,,=    
,,language ,,"w4       #a4 ,seville1 !  
,city ( ,music4       #b4 ,a ,day 9     
,seville4       #c4 ,"s ,/ories ( !     
,alcaz>4       #d4 ,! ,giralda--,its    
,hi/ory & ,its ,ar*itecture4       #e4  
,! ,*ildr5 ( ,murillo's ,pa9t+s4        
#f4 ,murillo & ,velazquez4       #g4 ,"s
 ,spani% ,portraits4       #h4 ,my      
,favorite ,picture by ,murillo4         
#i4 ,"s ,visions ,se5 by ,murillo4      
#aj4 ,! ,escurial--,its ,hi/ory4        
,,ref]5ces ,,= ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,murillo 
,,& ,,spani% ,,art4      ,de ,amicis    
,spa94      ,hopp9         ,murillo4    
,m9or          ,murillo4      ,/irl+    
,annals ( ,spani% ,art4      ,/[e       
,velazquez4      ,wa%burn       ,e>ly   
,spani% ,ma/]s4     ,illu/ration        

,,rub5s  ,illu/ration3 ,,pet] ,,paul    
,,rub5s  ,,pet] ,,paul ,,rub5s4         
#aegg-afdj4   ,9 our /udy ( ,raphael1 we
 _h a glimpse ( ! gold5 age ( art 9     
,italy4 ,9 our "w on ,murillo1 we saw   
:at ,spa9 0 able to produce 9 pictures  
:5 ! :ole ( ,europe seem$ to be try+ its
 h& at pa9t+4 ,mov+ nor?1 we are to see 
9 ?is sket* :at ! little c\ntry n[ kn[n 
z ,belgium produc$ 9 ! same l9es4 ,= ?is
 we ne$ h>dly take m ?an ! "o "n1 ,pet] 
,paul ,rub5s1 = he repres5t$ v          
completely ! art ( ,fl&]s or ,belgium1 z
 we call x to-day4  ,if we love to read 
( happy1 =tunate p1 z ,i am sure we d1  
we %all be m ?an pleas$ 9 le>n+ ab\t    
,rub5s4 ,y "k !re is an old /ory1 t by !
 side ( e cradle /& a good & an evil    
fairy1 :o by _! gifts make up ! life ( !
 little babe )94 ,! good fairy gives him
 a wond]ful bless+1 p]haps x is ! p[] to
 write poems or pa9t pictures4 ,!n ! bad
 fairy1 ugly little sprite t he is1 adds
 a portion ( evil1 p]haps x is envy t   
eats ! s\l l a cank]4 ,& s !y alt]nate1 

! good & evil1 until ! sum ( a human    
life is made up1 & ! *ild gr[s up to    
live out 8 ye>s1 m>k$ by joy & sorr[ z e
 life mu/ be4  ,z we look at ! m5 & wom5
 ab\t u we feel1 (t51 t "o or ! o!r ( ^!
 fairies mu/ h slept :ile di/ribut+ _!  
gifts & s lo/ a turn or two 9 ca/+ 9 !  
good or ill ^u ! babe1 s happy are "s   
lives1 s sorr[ful are o!rs4 ,at ,rub5s' 
cradle ! evil fairy mu/ well nigh h     
=gott5 8 task1 = ! babe grew up "o ( !  
mo/ =tunate ( m54  ,9 ord] to und]/& z  
we %\ld any great man1 we mu/ always    
/udy 8 c\ntry & 8 "t4 ,no man c be great
 en\gh n to be l ! nation t produc$ him1
 or ! "t :5 he came into ! _w4 ,= ^!    
reasons we love to /udy a man's "t &    
c\ntry1 &1 inde$1 f9d x q necess>y if we
 w\ld und]/& him aright4  ,x is         
impossible to ?9k ( ,rub5s )\t associat+
 him ) ,fl&]s & ) ,antw]p1 8 home city4 
,"h1 !n1 is j a little ab\t ! hi/ory (  
?is mo/ int]e/+ c\ntry3 ,"o ( ! ri*e/   
possessions ( ,spa9 9 ! sixte5? c5tury 0
 kn[n z ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,:5 ! doctr9es (    

,lu!r began to spread _m ( ! ,ne!rl&]s  
accept$ !m4 ,philip ,,ii41 ! t]rible &  
gloomy k+ ( ,spa91 seiz$ ?is opportunity
 to p]secute !m cruelly4 ,_m ( !m       
resi/$1 & !n ,philip s5t 8 unscrupul\s  
ag5t1 ! ,duke ( ,alva1 to make ! p      
submit4 ,?is he p>tially accompli%$ by !
 greate/ cruelty4 ,! nor!rn prov9ces1   
:i* we "k z ,holl&1 decl>$ _!           
indep5d5ce4 ,! s\!rn1 ( :i* ,fl&]s 0 !  
mo/ fl\ri%+ prov9ce1 long$ s = peace & !
 prosp]ity t accompanies x1 t !y        
submitt$ to ,spa94 ,! p !n grew ri* z   
weav]s1 m]*ants & trad]s4 ,spl5did      
cities l ,bruges1 ,gh5t & ,antw]p became
 ! seats ( comm]ce & _! arti/s & workm5 
( all sorts 7 kn[n ?r\gh\t ,europe = _! 
?rift & ! excell5ce ( _! workman%ip4 ,we
 recall h[ ,raphael's c>toons 7 s5t to  
,fl&]s to be copi$ 9 tape/ry ! f9e/ 9 ! 
_w4    ,illu/ration3 ,,rub5s' ,,"m      
,rub5s  ,( all ! cities de> to ,flemi%  
he>ts ,antw]p 01 p]haps1 ! mo/ beautiful
 & ! mo/ prosp]\s4 ,x 0 situat$ on !    
riv] ,s*eldt ab\t tw5ty miles f ! sea4  

,9 ! "t ( its greatness "o might c\nt   
almo/ at any "t tw5ty-five hundr$ %ips &
 boats rid+ at an*or 9 front ( ! city1 &
 )9 h] walls1 two hundr$ ?\s& p liv$ 9  
pl5ty4 ,!re 7 m>ble palaces1 beautiful  
*ur*es1 a magnific5t t[n hall 7,hotel de
 ,ville72 & ! h\ses ( ! humble %[$ by _!
 cleanl9es & com=table surr\nd+s t      
enjoym5t ( life 0 re/rict$ to no "o     
class4  ,?is matt] ( religi\s fai?1     
h[ev]1 0 b\nd to come up aga9 & br+1 z x
 prov$1 ru9 ^u ! city4 ,a body ( p :o   
?\ght x wrong to h pictures & /atues (  
sa9ts1 & ( ,m>y & h] ,son1 ga!r$ toge!r 
& = f\r days w5t f "o ,flemi% t[n to    
ano!r & de/roy$ ev]y?+ ( ! sort to be   
f\nd 9 ! *ur*es4 ,f\r hundr$ places (   
wor%ip 7 desecrat$1 _m ( !m )9 ! city ( 
,antw]p4 ,because ( _! zeal aga9/ ! use 
( s-call$ images !y 7 call$ ,iconocla/s4
  ,if =m]ly !y _h be5 puni%$ = ?9k+ ?+s 
aga9/ ! e/abli%$ religion ( ! ,/ate1 :at
 n[ c\ld be expect$ :5 !y _h done su*   
sacrilegi\s ?+s8      ,aga9 ! :isk]$    
,spani>d all ! l& ) t]ror smote2     ,& 

aga9 ! wild al>um s\nd$ f ! tocs9's     
?roat4    ,illu/ration3 ,,rub5s ,,& ,,8 
,,fir/ ,,wife      ,rub5s  ,our         
imag9ation _c picture ?+s s t]rible z 7 
p]petrat$ ^u ! inhabitants ( ,antw]p =  
_! "p 9 ! de/ruction ( ! images4 ,?is   
t]rible ev5t is kn[n 9 hi/ory z ,!      
,spani% ,fury4 ,?\s&s ( h] p 7 kill$1   
mo/ ( h] palaces 7 burn$1 & ! treasure (
 h] weal?y citiz5s 0 /ol54 ,prop]ty 0   
confiscat$ to ! ,spani% ,gov]nm5t4 ,dea?
 & t]ror1 !ft & rap9e reign$ 9 !        
beautiful city ( ! ,s*eldt4 ,:5 ! dead 7
 buri$1 ! *>r$ ru9s ( build+s remov$1 & 
! ,spani% soldi]y )drawn1 ! mi/-becl\d$ 
,ne!rl& sun %one out on a dead city :i* 
ev5 to-day be>s m>ks ( ! ,spani>d's     
fury4 ,grass grew 9 :at _h be5 its      
busie/ /reets1 trade almo/ ceas$1 &     
?\s&s ( weav]s & o!r artisans w5t to    
,engl& :]e !y c\ld pursue _! vocations  
unmole/$4  ,philip 0 app>5tly satisfi$ )
 ! *a/isem5t he _h inflict$4 ,he began  
to re/ore ! confiscat$ prop]ty to its   
rightful own]s1 & to enc\rage ! indu/ry 

he _h s cruelly de/roy$4 ,he ev5 made   
,fl&]s an indep5d5t prov9ce "u !        
,ar*duke ,alb]t & ! ,infanta ,isabella4 
,al?\gh peace _h return$ & a degree (   
prosp]ity aga9 prevail$1 yet _m o!r ?+s 
7 irretrievably gone1 & ! p liv$ e day 9
 ! sight ( pa9ful rem9d]s ( _! =m]      
greatness4  ,9 art1 too1 ^! l[ c\ntry   
prov9ces _h made mu* progress4 ,!re _h  
be5 ,hub]t & ,jan ,van ,eyck :o _h pa9t$
 ) m9ute skill dev\t pictures4 ,!y _h1  
moreov]1 giv5 to ! _w ! process ( pa9t+ 
9 oils4 ,?is discov]y1 work$ out ) !    
extreme c>e natural to ! ,ne!rl&]s1     
*ang$ ! :ole "* ( pa9t+1 & made x       
possible to h su* colori/s z ,titian1   
,raphael & ,rub5s4 ,we mu/ rememb] t !  
colors us$ 9 fresco pa9t+ 7 mix$ ) a    
sort ( size & t !y _h none ( ! ri*ness (
 oil colors4 ,!re _h be5 o!r arti/s (   
note besides ! ,van ,eycks4 ,hans       
,meml+1 ) ! _s ( a real poet1 _h pa9t$ 8
 sweet visions1 & to-day x is n = !     
opul5t m]*ants :o add$ fame & weal? to  
_! city 9 _! "t1 b = ?is poet-pa9t]1    

,meml+1 t we v5]ate ! anci5t & /ately   
city ( ,bruges4 ,qu5t9 ,matsys1 ! brawny
 blacksmi?1 :o1 = love ( an arti/'s     
daught]1 became a pa9t]1 comes to our   
m9ds z a "n ( no mean fame 9 ! e>ly     
records ( ,flemi% pa9t+4                
,illu/ration3 ,,hel5 ,,f\rmont1 ,,rub5s'
 ,,second ,,wife1 ,,& ,,y\nge/ ,,son    
,rub5s  ,! guild sy/em1 :]e e class (   
artisans 0 organiz$ = protection & = !  
production ( good "w1 t\*$ ev5 ! f9e    
arts4 ,no man c\ld set up = a good pa9t]
 :o _h n s]v$ 8 appr5tice%ip1 & ^: "w 0 
n satisfactory to exp]ts4 ,:5 ,rub5s 0  
born he came z ! heir ( all t _h be5    
accompli%$ be=e him4 ,he only c>ri$ on  
:at 8 pr$ecessors _h begun1 b he c>ri$ x
 on 9 a mat*less way s t he 0 able to   
leave to succe$+ pa9t]s n only all he _h
 inh]it$1 b a goodly legacy besides--!  
legacy ( a pure life1 a gl[+1 natural1  
vigor\s art4 ,x seems to me t "r "h is a
 lesson = u4 ,may we n add our mite1 t9y
 ?\gh x be1 to ! ev]-gr[+ volume ( tru?8
 ,i l ?is quotation 9 ?is connection1 & 

,i hope y may see its beauty too--,!    
vases ( tru? are pass$ on f h& to h&1 & 
! gold5 du/ mu/ be ga!r$ into !m1 gra9  
by gra91 f ! inf9ite %ore4  ,rub5s' bir?
 took place 9 #aegg1 ! ye> foll[+ !     
,spani% ,fury4 ,:5 he 0 only sev51      
,william ! ,sil5t1 ! savi\r & protector 
( ! nor!rn prov9ces1 0 assass9at$ at !  
in/ance ( ,philip ,,ii4 ,:5 he 0 elev51 
! ,spani% ,armada1 ! pr\de/ fleet t ev] 
sail$ ! seas1 s5t to invade ,engl& &    
puni% ,que5 ,elizabe?1 0 scatt]$ by w9d 
& wave & da%$ to pieces on ali5 rocks4  
,! ,re=mation 0 well e/abli%$ 9 ,engl& &
 ,holl&1 :ile ,france1 l$ by ,h5ry      
,,iv41 0 yet unc]ta9 :e!r or n to accept
 ! new doctr9es4 ,su* 7 "s ( ! port5t\s 
ev5ts t m>k$ ! adv5t & e>ly ye>s ( !    
greate/ ( ,flemi% pa9t]s4  ,! family (  
,rub5s' fa!r _h liv$ = ye>s 9 ,antw]p1 b
 :5 ,lu!r's doctr9es 7 put =w>d ,jan    
,rub5s1 ! fa!r ( our arti/1 believ$ 9   
!m4 ,= ?is reason he 0 compell$ to flee 
f ! city1 & 8 prop]ty 0 confiscat$4 ,he 
w5t to ! little village ( ,sieg51 9     

we/]n ,g]many1 :]e 8 illu/ri\s son 0    
born on ,june #bi?1 #aegg4 ,8 bir? 0 on 
! day d$icat$ to ! sa9ts1 ,pet] & ,paul1
 & s 8 p>5ts gave ! *ild _! names4 ,aft]
 ! resid5ce ( a ye> 9 ?is little t[n1 ! 
family remov$ to ,cologne1 :]e !y liv$ =
 t5 ye>s1 until ! dea? ( ! fa!r4  ,jan  
,rub5s 0 a lawy] & a le>n$ man1 & he    
took pa9s t 8 sons %\ld be ?or\ghly     
educat$4 ,9 addition to 8 h]etical views
 reg>d+ religion he _h griev\sly (f5d$  
,william ! ,sil5t & s 0 d\bly exil$4 ,8 
wife rema9$ ) him1 & by h] ef=ts kept   
him f prison1 & add$ *e] to 8 life (    
exile4 ,?is 0 ! admirable ,m>ie ,pypel+1
 ! "m s rev]$ by ,rub5s1 & s des]v+ !   
respect ( all :o "k ( h]4 ,a portrait ( 
h] by h] son is giv5 9 ?is sket*4 ,to h]
 he ow$ 8 h&some face1 8 /rong physique1
 8 %rewdness & 8 love ( ord]4           
,illu/ration3 ,,rub5s' ,,daught]        
,rub5s  ,imm$iately aft] ! dea? ( h]    
husb&1 ,m>ie ,pypel+ & h] family1 n[    
consi/+ ( two sons & a daught]1 return$ 
to ,antw]p4 ,h] prop]ty1 :i* _h be5     

confiscat$ 9 ^? wild days at ,antw]p1 0 
re/or$ to h] 9 ! g5]al re/itution ) :i* 
,philip tri$ to comp5sate ! citiz5s = _!
 losses 9 ! ,spani% ,fury4 ,f ?is "t    
,rub5s 0 an adh]5t ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  
,! education ( ,pet] ,paul1 :i* 0 s     
c>efully begun by 8 fa!r1 0 cont9u$ by 8
 "m1 9 a ,jesuit ,college at ,antw]p4   
,he 0 an apt /ud5t & soon atta9$ !      
elem5ts f :i* he became a v le>n$ man4  
,he knew sev5 languages1 0 int]e/$ &    
le>n$ 9 sci5ce & politics4 ,all ?r\gh 8 
life he devot$ "s "p ( ea* day1 h[ev]   
busy he 0 ) 8 pa9t+1 to g5]al read+4    
,?is1 p]haps m ?an 8 e>ly /udies1       
acc\nts = 8 elegant s*ol>%ip4  ,8 "m 0 q
 det]m9$ t ?is son %\ld be1 l 8 fa!r1 a 
lawy]4 ,8 own ta/es1 h[ev]1 & a p[] to  
use ! bru% e>ly display$1 decid$        
o!rwise4 ,x v soon became evid5t t he 0 
to be a pa9t]--good or bad--:o c\ld tell
 9 ^? e>ly days8  ,9 accordance ) a     
cu/om ( ! "t1 he 0 plac$ z a page 9 !   
h\se ( a nobleman ( ,antw]p4 ,to !      
tal5t$ & re/less boy ?is life 0         

intol]able1 & he soon induc$ 8 "m to    
all[ him to ent] ! /udio ( ,van d]      
,haeght1 a resid5t arti/ ( "s repute & a
 close foll[] ( ,italian ,art4 ,he 0    
only ?irte5 at ?is "t4 ,"h he le>n$ to  
draw skillfully &1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( 8 
tea*]1 he acquir$ a love ( l&scape art  
:i* nev] left him4  ,f ,van d] ,haeght &
 8 mild b correct art1 ,rub5s1 feel+ 8  
weakness 9 figure "w1 w5t to ! /udio ( !
 irascible & =cible pa9t] ,van ,noort1  
ab\t :om critics h delight$ to tell     
/ories ( brutality4 ,h[ev] true ^! may  
be1 ,rub5s /ay$ ) him f\r ye>s & nev]   
ceas$ to speak 9 praise ( 8 ma/]'s "w4  
,"h he became acqua9t$ ) ,jorda5s1 :o   
us$ (t5 to pa9t ! animals 9 ,rub5s'     
l&scapes4  ,f ,van ,noort's /udio !     
re/less ,rub5s w5t to /udy ) ,van ,ve51 
:o aft]w>ds became c\rt-pa9t]4 ,:5 !    
,ar*duke ,alb]t & ,isabella ent]$       
,antw]p 9 #aeid1 x 0 ,van ,ve5 :o       
decorat$ ! triumphal ar*es us$ on !     
occasion4 ,we may judge t he did ! "w   
well1 = he 0 %ortly select$ to s]ve !   

new rul]s z c\rt pa9t]4 ,rub5s' exp]i5ce
 ) ,van ,ve5 clos$ a t5 ye>s'           
appr5tice%ip 9 ! /udios ( ,antw]p1 & n[ 
he det]m9$ to g to ,italy1 :]e he c\ld  
/udy ! ma/]s at fir/ h&4                
,illu/ration3 ,,rub5s' ,,two ,,sons     
,rub5s  ,z a sort ( p>t+ "w &1 p]haps1  
because he wi%$ to impress m vividly on 
8 m9d ^? de>1 /rong features ( 8 "m1 he 
pa9t$ t portrait ( h] :i* we s mu*      
admire bo? = its subject & its art4 ,?is
 image ( 8 "m 0 an effectual *>m to c>ry
 ) him 9 8 travels--a *>m to save him   
p]haps1 f "s ( ! /umbl+ places into :i* 
a h&some "y man away f home might w&]4  
,9 ,may ( #afjj1 aft] mak+ all ne$ful   
prep>ation1 our arti/ set out on 8      
j\rney4 ,x 0 natural t he %\ld direct 8 
/eps fir/ to ,v5ice4 ,titian _h b       
rec5tly complet$ 8 productive life (    
ne>ly a c5tury4 ,8 mi/y atmosph]e1 8    
int5se int]e/ 9 human life &1 above all1
 8 gl[+ color t\*$ a k9dr$ cord 9       
,rub5s' nature4 ,!n !re 7 ,t9toretto &  
,v]onese1 almo/ z int]e/+ to our pa9t]4 

,! ,duke ( ,mantua1 a mo/ lib]al &      
disc]n+ patron ( art1 0 9 ,v5ice :5     
,rub5s rea*$ t city4 ,"o ( ! ,duke's    
suite happ5$ to be 9 ! h\se ) ,rub5s4   
,he took notice ( ! pa9t]'s c\rtly be>+1
 8 f9e physique1 & 8 ability to pa9t1 & 
introduc$ him to ! ,duke4 ,nev] did our 
pa9t]'s h&some face & f9e pres5ce s     
quickly w9 a patron4 ,he 0 at once      
atta*$ to ! ,duke's c\rt & began copy+ =
 him ! ma/]pieces ( ,italy--! pictures (
 ,titian1 ,correggio1 ,v]onese1 lead+   
all o!rs4 ,he also /udi$ c>efully ! "w (
 ,julio ,romano1 ,raphael's fam\s pupil4
 ,he accompani$ ! ,duke to ,milan1 :]e  
he copi$ ,leon>do's great picture1 ,!   
,la/ ,supp]1 besides do+ "s orig9al "w4 
,! ,duke _h obs]v$ ,rub5s' c\rtly mann] 
& 8 ke5 m9d4 ,he decid$ t ! pa9t] 0 j ! 
p]son to s5d 9 *>ge ( "s pres5ts to !   
,k+ ( ,spa91 ^: favor he 0 anxi\s to    
ga94 ,! gifts 7 made up ( f9e horses1   
beautiful pictures1 r>e jewels & vases4 
,e>ly 9 #afjc1 ! pa9t] set out ) 8      
cavalcade1 & aft] a /ormy j\rney ( ab\t 

?ree mon?s !y rea*$ ! ,c\rt ( ,spa94 ,he
 0 cordially receiv$ & ! gifts 7        
deliv]$1 al?\gh ! pictures _h be5       
some:at damag$ by ! ra9s :i* m>k$ ! la/ 
days ( _! trip4 ,he 0 ask$ to pa9t      
sev]al portraits ( em95t p]sonages ( !  
c\rt & he compli$ graci\sly4  ,he       
return$ to ,italy aft] some:at m ?an a  
ye>'s abs5ce4 ,= "s "t he rema9$ at     
,mantua to pa9t an alt>-piece = ! *apel 
:]e ! ,duke's "m 0 buri$4               
,illu/ration3 ,,holy ,,family           
,rub5s                  7,pette ,gall]y1
 ,flor5ce7  ,lat] he w5t to ,rome :]e he
 /udi$ c>efully ! works ( ,mi*ael       
,angelo4 ,9 turn he visit$ all ! great  
art cities ( ,italy except ,naples4 ,he 
/opp$ = "s "t at ,flor5ce1 ,bologna1 &  
,g5oa4 ,at ! la/ place he receiv$ s _m  
ord]s = 8 "w t he c\ld n att5d to !m    
all4 ,ev]y:]e he w5t ! fame ( ! ,flem+1 
z he 0 call$ 9 ,italy1 _h gone be=e him4
 ,9 _m ( ! cities he made l5g?y soj\rns1
 copy+ ! ma/]pieces t pleas$ him1 &     
pa9t+ orig9als highly priz$ to-day 9 !  

gall]ies ( ,italy4  ,he _h be5 9 ,italy 
eight ye>s1 :5 "o day f ov] ! ,alps came
 a c\ri] 9 hot ha/e be>+ to ,rub5s ! sad
 news t 8 "m lay at home v ill4 ,n ev5  
wait+ = p]mission f 8 patron1 ! ,duke1  
,rub5s />t$ nor? ) a heavy he>t1 = he   
felt sure t he %\ld nev] see 8 "m aga94 
,al?\gh he rode ) all ha/e1 z he ne>$ 8 
home city ( ,antw]p1 he receiv$ ! sad   
tid+s he _h s mu* dread$4 ,m>ie ,pypel+ 
_h di$ n9e days be=e he left ,italy4 ,z 
0 ! cu/om 9 8 c\ntry1 he seclud$ himself
 = f\r mon?s 9 a conv5t atta*$ to ! *ur*
 :]e 8 "m 0 buri$4  ,! pr(\nd sorr[ = 8 
"m1 & ! sudd5 *ange f ! life he _h s    
rec5tly l$ made him melan*oly4 ,he long$
 = ! skies1 ! pictures1 & ! society (   
,italy4 ,:5 he came =? f 8 retirem5t1 8 
c\ntrym5 c\ld n be> ! ?\ght ( _! n[     
illu/r\s arti/ return+ to ,italy4 ,!y   
want$ him among !m to glorify ) 8       
spl5did bru% ! n[ reviv+ city ( !       
,s*eldt4  ,! rul]s ( ! city1 ,alb]t &   
,isabella1 made him c\rt pa9t] & gave   
him a good sal>y4 ,he accept$ ! (fice on

 condition t he %\ld n h to live at !   
c\rt4 ,x 0 ) "s regret t he gave up     
return+ to ,italy1 b ! natural ties t   
b\nd him to ,antw]p 7 /rong]4 ,he hop$ t
 he might yet "o day visit ,italy4 ,?is 
"p ( 8 life-plan1 h[ev]1 he nev] c>ri$  
out4    ,illu/ration3 ,,infant ,,*ri/1  
,,/4 ,,john ,,& ,,angels      ,rub5s    
,he 0 n[ ?irty-two ye>s old1 respect$ ( 
all m5 n only = 8 p[] z a pa9t]1 b = 8  
/]l+ wor? z a man4 ,he _h /udi$ c>efully
 ! be/ art t ! _w c\ld %[1 & he _h      
absorb$ into 8 own *>act]i/ic /yle :at 0
 be/ = him--8 /yle ( pa9t+ 0 n[         
def9itely =m$4 ,8 fame z a pa9t] 0      
e/abli%$ f ! ,m$it]ranean to ! ,zuyd]   
,zee4 ,he 0 ov]:elm$ ) ord]s = 8        
pictures1 s t he _h pl5ty ( money at 8  
comm&4 ,he _h ! confid5ce ( pr9ces1 & 0 
atta*$ to "o ( ! ri*e/ c\rts ( ,europe4 
,a cr[d ( anxi\s art /ud5ts await$ !    
*oice privilege ( ent]+ 8 /udio :5 he   
%\ld op5 "o4 ,x w\ld seem t !re 0 little
 left = ?is man to desire 9 e>?ly ?+s4  
,! two he lack$ he spe$ily procur$1 a   

good wife & a happy home1 bo? de/9$ to  
live always on ! canvasses ( ?is mo/    
=tunate ( pa9t]s4  ,9 #afaj1 he m>ri$ ! 
lovely & beautiful ,isabella ,br&t1 !   
daught] ( ! ,secret>y ( ,antw]p4 ,happy 
inde$ 7 ! fifte5 ye>s ( _! life toge!r1 
& (t5 d we f9d ! wife & _! two boys     
pa9t$ by ! gift$ husb& & fa!r4 ,we      
reproduce a picture ( ! two boys4  ,he  
b\ght a h\se on ,meir ,squ>e1 "o ( !    
not$ locations 9 ,antw]p4 ,he re-modell$
 x at great exp5se 9 ! /yle ( !         
,italians4 ,9 *ang+ ! h\se he took c>e t
 !re %\ld be a *oice place to keep &    
display 8 already f9e collection (      
pictures1 /atues1 cameos1 agates &      
jewels4 ,= ?is purpose he made a circul>
 room1 light$ f above1 cov]$ by a dome  
some:at simil> to t ( ! ,pan!on at      
,rome4 ,?is room connect$ ! two ma9 p>ts
 ( ! h\se & 01 ) its preci\s cont5ts1 a 
con/ant joy to ,rub5s & 8 fri5ds4 ,!    
ma/] ( ?is palace1 = su* x c]ta9ly 01   
liv$ a frugal & ab/emi\s life1 a mo/    
rem>kable ?+ 9 an age ( great           

extravagance 9 eat+ & dr9k+4 ,"h is !   
record ( "o ( 8 days 9 summ]3 ,at f\r   
o'clock he arose1 & = a %ort "t gave    
himself up to religi\s ex]cises4 ,aft] a
 simple breakfa/ he began pa9t+4 ,:ile  
he pa9t$ he _h "s "o read to him f "s   
classical writ]1 & if 8 "w 0 n too      
labori\s1 he receiv$ visitors & talk$ to
 !m :ile he pa9t$4 ,he /opp$ "w an h\r  
be=e d9n] & devot$ himself to           
conv]sation or to exam9+ "s newly       
acquir$ treasure 9 8 collection4 ,at    
d9n] he ate sp>+ly ( ! simple/ ?+s &    
drank little w9e4 ,9 ! aft]noon he aga9 
began 8 "w at 8 easel1 :i* he cont9u$   
until ev5+4 ,aft] an h\r or s on a      
spirit$ ,&alusian horse1 ( :i* he 0     
always passionately fond1 & ( :i* he    
always _h "o or m f9e specim5s 9 8      
/ables1 he sp5t ! rema9d] ( ! ev5+      
conv]s+ ) fri5ds4 ,a v>i$ assembly (    
visitors loit]$ 9 ?is hospitable home4  
,!re 7 s*ol>s1 politicians1 old         
fri5ds--p]haps =m] fell[-pupils 9       
,antw]p /udios4 ,occasionally ! pr9cess 

,isabella came among ! o!rs1 & ,alb]t   
himself felt honor$ to /& z god-fa!r to 
,rub5s' son4 ,surely ! wick$ fairy did  
=get "s ( ! evil he 0 to h mix$ ) ?is   
life6    ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,a
 ,,"y ,,woman      ,rub5s               
7,h]mitage1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg7  ,x 0 9     
connection ) ! build+ ( ?is h\se t ! be/
 kn[n & p]haps ! greate/ "w ( ,rub5s 0  
pa9t$3 ,! ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 n[ 9      
,antw]p ,ca!dral4 ,x is said t 9        
excavat+ = ! f\ndation to "s ( ! new    
p>ts ( ,rub5s' h\se1 ! workm5           
un9t5tionally trespass$ on "s adjo9+    
gr\nd belong+ to ! gunsmi?s' guild4 ,9  
settlem5t = ?is ,rub5s 0 reque/$ to pa9t
 a picture ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 !           
,*ri/-,be>]1 z !y call$ him4 ,rub5s     
compli$ ) ! reque/ & pa9t$ :at to u     
to-day w\ld seem a v /range picture--a  
tripty*1 t is a middle panel ov] :i* two
 n>r[ side panels1 h+$ to ! middle "o1  
c\ld be clos$4 ,he int]pret$ ! reque/ ( 
! guild r /rangely too--he ?\ght x w\ld 
please !m to repres5t 9 ! sev]al spaces 

( ! tripty* all :o _h ev] c>ri$ ,*ri/ 9 
_! arms4 ,9 ! middle panel we h ! m5    
remov+ ! dead ,*ri/ f ! cross1 ) ! ?ree 
,m>ys bel[1 "o ( :om1 ! ,magdal51 is1   
p]haps1 ! mo/ beautiful woman ,rub5s ev]
 pa9t$4 ,! light is wond]ful1 com+1 z x 
does1 f ! great :ite clo? 9 :i* !y w\ld 
wrap our ,"l4 ,! =m ( ! dead ,*ri/ 9 its
 difficult position is a piece ( ma/]ly 
draw+4 ,?is panel is1 ( c\rse1 !        
pr9cipal "p ( ! alt>-piece4 ,on "o side 
( ?is 0 pa9t$ ! ,virg9 visit+ ,/4 ,anne1
 & on ! o!r we h ! ag$ ,/4 ,simeon      
pres5t+ ! ,*ri/-,*ild 9 ! temple4 ,if we
 close ^! side panels ov] ! middle "o we
 f9d a space z l>ge z ! c5t] panel4 ,on 
?is ,rub5s pa9t$ ,/4 ,*ri/oph] ) ! *ild 
& accompani$ by a h]mit c>ry+ 8 lant]n4 
,surely x 0 a good-natur$ arti/ & a gl[+
 & g5]\s s\l :o pa9t$ s mu* 9 response  
to a reque/ = a ,/4 ,*ri/oph]6  ,!re 71 
h[ev]1 trials = ?is =tunate man4 ,!re 7 
^? :o 7 jeal\s ( 8 fame & :o said unk9d 
?+s ( him4 ,9 answ] to _! jeal\sies he  
only said1 ,d well & y w make o!rs      

envi\s2 d bett] & y w ma/] !m4  ,he 0   
call$ away f ! home he lov$ s well4 ,9  
#afai1 :5 ! truce1 "u :i* ,antw]p _h    
rega9$ some:at ( h] =m] greatness1 0    
ab\t to expire1 ,rub5s 0 s5t to ,spa9 to
 r5ew x4 ,he _h h>dly return$ to ,antw]p
 be=e ,m>ie de ,m$icis1 ! wife ( ,h5ry  
,,iv4 ( ,france--! ,h5ry ( ,nav>re1 (   
hi/oric fame--s5t = ! arti/ to adorn h] 
palace ( ! ,luxemburg 9 ,p>is4 ,he 0 to 
pa9t tw5ty-"o pictures = ?is purpose4   
,!y 7 to describe ! life ( ! que54 ,we  
give "o ( ! s]ies4 ,he accompli%$ ?is   
entire "w 9 gl[+ allegorical fa%ion 9   
:i* my?ological & hi/orical p]sonages   
are sadly confus$ at times4 ,if !re 0   
occasionally ?is confusion1 !re 7 also  
pres5t ! arti/'s /ronge/ *>act]i/ics z a
 pa9t]--ri* color & vigor\s human       
action4    ,illu/ration3 ,,elevation ,,(
 ,,! ,,cross      ,rub5s  ,:ile 9 ,p>is 
he became intimately acqua9t$ ) ! ,duke 
( ,buck+ham1 ! favorite ( ,*>les ,i4 (  
,engl&4 ,?is nobleman visit$ ,rub5s at 8
 home 9 ,antw]p & he 0 s pleas$ ) !     

arti/'s collection t he (f]$ him t5 ?\s&
 p\nds /]l+ = x complete4 ,rub5s        
hesitat$1 = 9 ! collection !re 7 n9ete5 
pictures by ,titian1 ?irte5 by ,v]onese1
 ?ree by ,leon>do1 & ?ree by ,raphael1  
besides _m ( 8 own be/ works4 ,! arti/1 
h[ev]1 0 always ?rifty1 & he felt sure  
he c\ld soon ga!r ano!r collection1 s he
 accept$ ! (f]4  ,9 #afbf1 8 lovely wife
 di$4 ,he m\rn$ h] deeply1 say+ %e _h   
none ( ! faults ( h] sex4 ,to beguile 8 
"t he accept$ ano!r diplomatic mission  
to ,spa94 ,?is "t he 0 to secure a /rong
 ally = ,spa9 aga9/ ! p[]ful ,ri*elieu  
:o !n held ,france 9 8 h& z x 74        
,incid5tally he pa9t$ mu* :ile at       
,madrid4 ,among o!r "w he copi$ !       
,titians :i* 7 likely to be tak5 out ( !
 c\ntry at ! m>riage ( ! ,infanta4 ,at  
?is "t1 too1 he und\bt$ly met           
,velazquez1 ! able & high-s\l$ c\rt     
pa9t] ( ,philip ,,iv4 ,?is 0 c]ta9ly "o 
( ! mo/ notable meet+s 9 ! hi/ory (     
arti/s4    ,illu/ration3 ,,desc5t ,,f   
,,! ,,cross      ,rub5s  ,x 0 :ile at ! 

c\rt ( ,madrid at ?is "t t ,jean (      
,braganza1 aft]w>d ,k+ ( ,portugal1     
invit$ ! arti/ to visit him at 8        
hunt+-lodge1 & ,rub5s set out ) sev]al (
 8 foll[]s1 z 0 usual ) travell]s ( note
 9 ^? days4 ,be=e he rea*$ ! lodge      
,jean1 he>+ ( s _m att5dants1 & dismay$ 
at ! exp5se ( ent]ta9+ !m1 dep>t$       
sudd5ly = ,lisbon4 ,he wrote ,rub5s a   
c\rte\s lett] tell+ him t /ate bus9ess  
deta9$ him & begg$ him to accept "s     
money to defray ! exp5ses s f> incurr$  
on ! j\rney4 ,rub5s repli$ 9 l c\rte\s  
mann] & return$ ! money1 say+ t !y _h   
br\ght tw5ty times ! am\nt ) :i* to pay 
_! exp5ses4    ,illu/ration3 ,,m>ie ,,de
 ,,m$icis      ,rub5s                   
7,museum1 ,madrid7  ,an int]e/+ /ory is 
relat$ ( _! return4 ,ov]tak5 by d>k     
night 9 ! op5 c\ntry !y took %elt] 9 a  
mona/]y4 ,! next morn+ ,rub5s1 ) an eye 
always quick to see r>e & int]e/+ ?+s1  
scann$ ! place c>efully look+ = some?+  
:i* might int]e/ him4 ,he 0 ab\t to give
 up ! se>* z hopeless1 :5 he discov]$ 9 

a d>k corn] a gr& picture4 ,x repres5t$ 
9 m ?an mortal fa%ion ! beautiful ?+s t 
a dead "y man1 pa9t$ 9 ! =egr\nd1 _h    
r5\nc$4 ,rub5s call$ ! prior to him &   
begg$ to "k ! "n ( ! arti/ ( s ma/]ly a 
"w4 ,! prior1 an old1 b[$ man1 refus$   
say+1 ,he di$ to ! _w long ago4 ,i _c   
disclose 8 "n4 ,!n ! arti/ said1 ,x is  
,pet] ,paul ,rub5s :o begs to "k4 ,!    
prior />t$1 = ev5 9 ! remot5ess ( !     
isolat$ mona/]y ! fame ( t "n _h gone1 &
 fell 9 a dead fa9t at ! arti/'s feet4  
,! att5dants lift$ ! prior g5tly b he _h
 ceas$ to live4 ,?r\gh ! a%y pallor !y  
saw ! features ( ! "y man 9 ! picture   
yond]4 ,!y in/9ctively turn$ to look t  
!y might m c>efully comp>e ! faces1 &   
lo6 l "s cl\d-vision1 ! picture _h      
disappe>$4 ,!n !y knew t ! dead monk !re
 _h pa9t$ ! canvas f ! dep? ( 8 own     
exp]i5ce4  ,f ,madrid1 ,rub5s 0 s5t to  
,engl& 9 ! int]e/ ( ,spa94 ,"h he 0 mo/ 
k9dly receiv$ by ,*>les ,i41 :o made him
 a knight & pres5t$ him ) 8 own jewel$  
sword & a diamond r+4 ,he also gave him 

a hat-b& set ) preci\s /ones :i* 0 valu$
 at two ?\s& p\nds /]l+4 ,f ,london he  
w5t to ,cambridge :]e ! anci5t univ]sity
 conf]r$ on him its highe/ degree4 ,9   
,london he pa9t$ almo/ con/antly4 ,among
 o!r commissions he 0 giv5 t ( decorat+ 
! d9+ room 9 ,:itehall palace ) n9e     
pictures repres5t+ ! life ( ,james ,i4  
,to make ! p]son or ev5ts ( ?is k+'s    
life attractive mu/ h be5 an imm5se task
 ev5 = s supreme a g5ius z ,rub5s4  ,z  
he sat pa9t+ "o day a c\rti] ent]$ &    
exclaim$1 ,ah1 8 ,maje/y's ,ambassador  
occasionally amuses himself ) pa9t+4 ,on
 ! contr>y1 respond$ ,rub5s :o 0 always 
pr\d ( 8 art1 ! pa9t] occasionally      
amuses himself by try+ to be a c\rti]4  
,! influ5ce ( ,rub5s' visit to ,london  
mu/ be c\nt$ r z arti/ic ?an political4 
,x really 0 ! beg9n+ ( t desire =       
collect+ pictures & o!r ?+s ( ! sort :i*
 has ev] s9ce di/+ui%$ ! ,engli%        
nobility4 ,on ! ,cont95t ! price (      
pictures rose on acc\nt ( ,engl&'s dem&4
 ,= ,*>les ,i41 ,rub5s b\ght ! entire   

collection ( ! ,duke ( ,mantua :i* he   
knew s well4    ,illu/ration3 ,,madonna 
,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,/4 ,,francis           
,rub5s  ,rub5s 0 tir$ ( ! almo/         
fruitless mission at v>i\s c\rts & 0    
glad to give up ! bus9ess ( an          
ambassador & return to ,antw]p & to !   
life ( a private g5tleman4 ,we mu/ n    
=get t all ^! ye>s ,rub5s 0 pa9t+ a     
great numb] ( pictures 9 8 ripe/ /yle4  
,!re 0 h>dly a class ( subjects or size 
( canvas :i* he c\ld n skillfully use1  
al?\gh he always ma9ta9$ t he c\ld d 8  
be/ "w on l>ge surfaces4 ,!re 7 religi\s
 pictures ( ,madonnas & sa9ts all cr[d$ 
) num]\s figures & fill$ ) vigor\s human
 action4 ,!re 7 portraits su* z ^? ( 8  
wives1 ( ,elizabe? ( ,france1 or ,!     
,girl ) a ,/raw ,hat1 :i* rank among !  
be/ ( ! _w4 ,!re 7 wond]ful animal      
pictures--hunt+ sc5es1 ! excitem5t ( :i*
 ev5 to-day makes ! *eek gl[4 ,!re 7    
hi/orical sc5es m+l$ ) allegory4 ,!re 7 
mo/ beautiful *ildr5 ^: fat & agile     
bodies & ^: laugh+ faces make u want to 

hug !m4 ,!re 7 en*ant+ angels1 & !re 7  
huge fauns & satyrs4 ,!re 7 placid      
l&scapes :]e1 x may be1 ! arti/'s s\l1  
teem+ ) ! life ( all "t1 took its re/ & 
recreation sport+ ) ! nymphs ( ! woodl& 
/reams or ) ! frisky dryads ( ! trees4  
,9 #afcj1 at ! age ( fifty-?ree1 he     
m>ri$ 8 second wife1 ,hel5 ,f\rmont1    
only sixte5 ye>s old4 ,l 8 fir/ wife %e 
0 v beautiful1 z 8 num]\s portraits     
indicate4 ,five *ildr5 came to !m & !   
felicity ( 8 e>ly ye>s ) ,isabella ,br&t
 cont9u$ ) 8 second wife4  ,! heal? (   
our pa9t] gradually gave way4 ,= _m ye>s
 he _h suff]$ int5sely f repeat$ attacks
 ( g\t4 ,z he ag$1 ^! became m & m      
frequ5t & sev]e4 ,(t5 ! disease1 work+ 9
 8 f+]s1 kept him f pa9t+4 ,! ,dea? (   
,/4 ,pet] 0 pa9t$ = ,cologne ,ca!dral 9 
#afce4 ,x seems z if 9 8 la/ ye>s 8 he>t
 turn$ affectionately to ! city ( 8     
boyhood home & he w\ld ?us commemorate  
x4 ,ano!r picture belongs to ^! la/     
ye>s4 ,x 0 a family picture :i* he call$
 ,/4 ,george4 ,x repres5t$ f\r g5]ations

 ( ! pa9t]'s family & includ$ bo? 8 fir/
 & 8 second wife4 ,he himself figur$ z !
 ,sa9t1 clad 9 %9+ armor & triumphant   
ov] 8 late enemy1 ! deadly dragon4      
,rub5s 0 too great to be conceit$1 b he 
/ood at ! end ( a mo/ successful life4  
,if ev] a man _h conqu]$ ! dragon (     
disappo9tm5t1 t lies cr\*+ at ! door ( e
 life1 ,rub5s _h4 ,he did well to       
repres5t himself z ,/4 ,george4 ,9 bo? (
 ^! la/ pictures ! pa9t] %[s at 8 v     
/ronge/4  ,he di$ ,may #cj?1 #afdj1 & 0 
buri$ 9 ! *ur* beside 8 "m & 8 fir/     
wife4 ,all ! city att5d$ 8 fun]al1 = 9  
?ree capacities !y m\rn$ _! illu/ri\s   
citiz5--z an arti/1 z a diplomat &      
s*ol>1 & z a man ( noble "*4 ,two ye>s  
aft] 8 dea? ! picture ,/4 ,george 0 hung
 above 8 tomb :]e x is f\nd to-day4  ,he
 left great weal? :i* 0 l>gely repres5t$
 by 8 collection ( pictures & jewels4   
,!re 7 ?ree hundr$ & n9ete5 pa9t+s1 all 
ma/]pieces4 ,! collection sold = :at    
w\ld be 9 our money ab\t half a million 
doll>s4 ,?is is a l>ge sum at any "t b 9

 ,rub5s' day x 0 well nigh fabul\s4     
,illu/ration3 ,,satyrs      ,rub5s      
,rub5s has left u m ?an fifte5 hundr$   
pictures be>+ 8 "n4 ,t any man c\ld     
leave s _m c be acc\nt$ = only by       
reckon+ _m ( !m z l>gely execut$ by 8   
pupils4 ,he us$ to make small sket*es 9 
color & h& !m ov] to 8 pupils =         
enl>gem5t4 ,he 0 always at h& to make   
corrections &1 at ! end1 to give ! f9i%+
 t\*es4 ,he us$ to *>ge = 8 pictures    
accord+ to ! "t he us$ 9 pa9t+ !m1 & he 
valu$ 8 "t at fifty doll>s a day4  ,he  
%[s none ( ! my/ical vision>y feel+ ( ! 
,spani>ds ev5 9 8 religi\s pictures4 ,he
 0 too mu* 9 love ) life = t1 & s1      
sometimes1 we are (f5d$ by /\t ,flemi%  
,sa9ts & ,madonnas too heal?y to accord 
) our notions ( _! ab/emi\s lives4 ,9 8 
pictures !re is spirit$ action1 almo/   
excess ( life1 & ri* unfad+ color 9 :i* 
! r$s l>gely prevail4 ,8 lights are f9e 
b ! deep1 expressive %ad[s t made       
,rembr&t fam\s are entirely lack+4 ,!   
s(tly fl[+ way 9 :i* ! color leaves 8   

bru% is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ inimitable "p ( 8
 art4 ,on ?is acc\nt someone has said1  
:o evid5tly has great rev]5ce = bo?     
,velazquez & ,rub5s1 t we w see ano!r   
,velazquez be=e ano!r ,rub5s4  ,consid]+
 ! qualities ( 8 art1 ! numb] ( 8       
pictures1 8 s*ol>%ip1 8 em95ce z a      
diplomat & 8 pure & honorable life1 we  
mu/ place ,rub5s among ! v greate/ m5 :o
 ev] wield$ a bru%4   ,,quotations      
,,ab\t ,,rub5s4      ,rub5s 0 p>        
excell5ce ! pa9t] ( ! gr\p t     includ$
 ! h]oes ( ! ,dut* ,republic2 &1 l _m ( 
8     contempor>ies1 :il/ excell+ 9 8   
own l9e1 he 01 9     o!r respects also1 
a great man1 9 a "t ( & among great     
m54--,,*as4 ,w4 ,,kett4       ,i _c     
suffici5tly admire 8 p]sonal appe>ance  
nor praise     8 uprightness1 8 virtue1 
8 erudition & wond]ful     k (          
antiquities1 8 skill & cel]ity ( p5cil1 
&     ! *>m ( 8 mann]4--,a              
,,contempor>y4       ,8 eye is ! mo/    
m>vell\s prism t has ev] be5 giv5 u     
( ! light & color ( objects1 ( true &   

magnific5t     ideas4--,,eug5e          
,,from5t94   ,,subjects ,,= ,,language  
,,"w4       #a4 ,a ,day 9 ,rub5s'       
,/udio4       #b4 ,an ,ev5+ ) ,rub5s4   
#c4 ,rub5s at ! ,mona/]y4       #d4 ,a  
,day ) ,rub5s 9 ,london4       #e4      
,rub5s z a ,diplomat4       #f4 ,antw]p1
 ! ,home ,city ( ,rub5s4       #g4      
,rub5s & ,8 ,fri5ds4       #h4 ,! ,wom5 
,rub5s ,lov$4       #i4 ,my ,favorite   
,picture by ,rub5s4      #aj4 ,! ,ma/]s 
( ,rub5s4     ,illu/ration3 ,,dur]',s   
,,h\se1 ,,nuremb]g  ,,albre*t ,,dur] ,,&
 ,,8 ,,city      ,( a tru? ?is man w\ld 
h surpass$ u all if he _h _h     !      
ma/]-pieces ( art con/antly be=e him4   
--,,raphael4      ,h>dly any ma/] has   
scatt]$ ) s lavi% a h& all t     ! s\l  
has conceiv$ ( f]vid feel+ or pa?os1 all
 t     ?\ght has grasp$ ( :at is /rong  
or sublime1 all t !     imag9ation has  
conceiv$ ( poetic weal?2 9 no "o has !  
dep? & p[] ( ! ,g]man g5ius be5 s       
glori\sly reveal$     z 9 him4          
--,,lubke4      ,he 0 cont5t to be a    

preci\s corn]-/one 9 ! edifice (        
,g]man ,art1 ! future gr&eur ( :i* he   
c\ld only =esee4     --,,ri*>d ,,=d     
,,hea?4  ,illu/ration3 ,,dur]  ,,albre*t
 ,,dur]4  #adga-aebh4   ,9 our /udy ( ! 
great arti/s s f>1 we h f\nd t ea*      
glorifi$ "s p>ticul> city & t1 :atev]   
o!r treasures t city may h _h 9 ! pa/1 x
 is ! recollections ( its great arti/ t 
hall[ x mo/ deeply today4 ,?us1 to ?9k (
 ,antw]p is to ?9k in/antly ( ,rub5s4   
,leyd5 & ,am/]dam z quickly recall to   
our m9ds ! "n ( ,rembr&t4 ,seville )\t  
,murillo w\ld lose its *ief *>m1 :ile   
,urb9o is ,raphael &1 )\t ! rev]$ "n ( !
 pa9t]1 w\ld seldom draw ! visitor to   
its seclud$ prec9cts4  ,to ! qua9te/ (  
,european cities ! "n ( ,albre*t ,dur]  
in/9ctively c>ries u--to ,nuremb]g4     
,t anci5t1 free1 imp]ial t[n1      ,=ev]
 fair & "y4  ,7 we to /udy ,dur] )\t    
fir/ view+ 8 v5]able city :i* he s      
deeply lov$ all 8 life t no promise (   
ga9 f gorge\s ,v5etian c\rt or f weal?y 
,antw]p burg]s c\ld deta9 him long f    

home1 we %\ld leave unt\*$ a delightful 
subject & "o deeply inwov5 9 ! life &   
?\ght ( ! arti/4 ,7 we to omit a brief  
consid]ation ( 8 "t & ! way ! ,g]man m9d
 look$ at ?+s & naturally repres5t$ !m 9
 words & 9 pictures1 we %\ld come away f
 ,dur] impress$ only ) 8 great homely   
figures & faces & wond]+ :y1 9 e li/ ( !
 great arti/s ( ! _w1 ,dur]'s "n %\ld /&
 s high4  ,hav+ ^! ?+s 9 m9d1 x w n !n  
seem s f> away to speak ( ,nuremb]g &   
,lu!r be=e we rehe>se ! ?+s :i* make up 
! life ( ,albre*t ,dur]4  ,nuremb]g does
 n boa/ a v e>ly date1 = %e began h]    
exi/5ce j aft] ! ye> "o ?\s& :5 m51 f9d+
 out surely t ! end ( ! _w 0 n come1    
took z x 7 a new lease ( life4 ,! ?+ %e 
does boa/ is t h] "* z a m$iaeval t[n   
has be5 almo/ p]fectly pres]v$ up to !  
pres5t day4  ,!re 7 _m ?+s :i* made     
,nuremb]g an important city 9 e>ly      
times4 ,%e 0 conv5i5tly locat$ = trad]s 
:o %ipp$ va/ am\nts ( m]*&ise f ,v5ice  
to ! great trade c5t]s 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,= 
_m ye>s %e 0 a favorite city ( ! ,emp]or

 & "h 7 kept ! cr[n jewels :i* 7        
display$ ) great pomp once a ye>4  ,!   
c\ntry imm$iately ab\t ,nuremb]g 0 s&y b
 c>efully cultivat$4 ,!re 7 also l>ge   
banks ( clay v useful to ! citiz5s 9 !  
manufacture ( pott]y4 ,l ! salt (       
,v5ice1 x 0 a natural s\rce ( weal? to !
 citiz5s4 ,v e>ly we f9d a pap] mill "h1
 & "h1 too1 7 set up "s ( ! e>lie/ pr9t+
 presses4 ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! e>ly
 w>es ( ?is ent]pris+ city 7 ! wat*es4  
,! fir/ made 9 ! _w 7 manufactur$ "h & f
 _! %ape !y 7 call$ ,nuremb]g ,eggs4 ,we
 h a /ory t ,*>les ,v4 _h a wat*mak]    
br\ght 9 a s$an *air all ! way f        
,nuremb]g t he might h 8 wat* repair$4  
,"h 0 manufactur$ ! fir/ gun-lock1 & "h 
0 inv5t$ ! valu$ metallic comp\nd kn[n z
 brass4  ,f all ^! s\rces ! citiz5s grew
 ri*1 b _! weal? did n make !m =get _!  
city4 ,a little m ?an fifty ye>s be=e   
,dur]'s bir?1 ! ,emp]or be+ v mu* 9 ne$ 
( money1 !y b\ght _! fre$om4 ,= ?is !y  
paid :at w\ld be1 9 our money1 ab\t a   
million ( doll>s4 ,x 0 a goodly price1 b

 !y gave x freely4 ,!n !y de/roy$ ! h\se
 :]e _! gov]nor or ,burgrave _h liv$ &  
!y 7 h5ce=? rul$ by a c\ncil select$ f  
_! own numb]4  ,! city lies on bo? sides
 ( ! riv] ,pegnitz :i* divides x into   
two almo/ equal p>ts4 ,! nor!rn side is 
nam$ f its great *ur*1 ,/4 ,sebald's1 & 
! s\!rn = t ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,orig9ally !
 city 0 enclos$ by spl5did ramp>ts4     
,?ree hundr$ & sixty-five t[]s broke !  
monotony ( ! ext5sive walls4 ,( ^! "o   
hundr$ are /ill /&+ today4 ,9 days gone 
by1 a moat ?irty-five feet wide encircl$
 ! wall1 b s9ce peace has tak5 ! place (
 w> & security has come in/ead ( h\rly  
dang]1 ! moat has be5 dra9$ & ?rifty    
kit*5 g>d5s fill ! space4               
,illu/ration3 ,,%r9e ,,( ,,/4 ,,sebald1 
,,nuremb]g     ,9 ! *ur* ( sa9t$ ,sebald
 sleeps en%r9$ 8 holy du/1     ,& 9     
bronze ! ,twelve ,apo/les gu>d f age to 
age _!           tru/4--,longfell[  ,)9 
! city are "s ( ! mo/ beautiful build+s 
bo? private & public4 ,"h1 too1         
sculpture1 :i* ! ,g]mans cultivat$ be=e 

!y did pa9t+1 has left r>e monum5ts4    
,among ^! la/ we mu/ notice ! wond]ful  
%r9e ( ,/4 ,sebald 9 ! *ur* ( ! same "n4
 ,= ?irte5 ye>s ,pet] ,vis*] & 8 five   
sons labor$ on ?is "w4 ,long x 0 to toil
 & vex+ 7 ! que/ions :i* arose 9 !      
progress ( ! "w2 b ! result 0 a         
ma/]-piece :i* /&s alone among ! art    
works ( ! _w4 ,nor c we =get ! foamy    
ciborium ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/ ,lawr5ce4 ,=    
sixty-five feet ?is miracle ( sn[y m>ble
 rises 9 ! air1 gr[+ m lacey at e /ep   
until1 9 its t]m9al portions1 s delicate
 does x become t x seems l ! v cl\ds 9  
fleec9ess4    ,illu/ration3 ,,!         
,,ciborium 7,,pyx7 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4      
,,lawr5ce  ,*ur* doorways are c>v$ )    
beautiful & fanta/ic =ms by m5 ^: names 
7 long ago =gott54 ,common dwell+s are  
adorn$ ) picturesque dorm] w9d[s4 ,ev5 !
 n>r[ crook$ /reets hold _! %>e (       
beauty1 = "h are f\nta9s s exquisite 9  
_! workman%ip t _! l is n to be f\nd    
else:]e4 ,"h x is ! ,beautiful ,f\nta91 
gay ) sculptures ( h]oes & sa9ts1 & !re 

x is ! ,little ,gooseman's ,f\nta9 :]e  
humor is add$ to beauty4 ,?r\gh all !   
ye>s /&s ! little man ) a goose "u ei!r 
arm1 pati5tly receiv+ 8 daily dr5*+4    
,/ill two o!r f\nta9s kn[n to fame s5d  
up _! cry/al wat]s to greet ! light4    
,illu/ration  ,if we seek = m mod]n ?+s 
we are also rew>d$1 = "h 9 ,dur] ,squ>e 
/&s ,rau*'s great /atue ( ! arti/1 copi$
 f ,dur]'s portrait ( himself 9 ,vi5na4 
,we note ! cu/om h\se1 "o ( ! olde/     
build+s1 ! t[n hall & ! burg or ca/le1  
:i* = _m ye>s 0 ! favorite resid5ce ( ! 
,emp]or4    ,illu/ration3 ,,!           
,,beautiful ,,f\nta9 ,,9 ,,nuremb]g     
,ev]y:]e ,i see ar\nd me rise ! wondr\s 
_w ( art2     ,f\nta9s wr\ght ) ri*e/   
sculpture /&+ 9 !           common      
m>t4--,longfell[  ,"h1 too1 are _m f9e  
old h\ses :i* us$ to belong to noblem5 (
 ! city4 ,x is n ^! resid5ces t we seek1
 h[ev]1 if we are visit+ ,nuremb]g4 ,we 
ask r = ! h\se ( ,hans ,sa*s1 ! cobbl]  
poet1 ( ,john ,palm1 ! fe>less patriot1 
:o gave 8 life = ! privilege ( beat+    

,napoleon1 & above all we seek t qua9t  
h\se :]e ,dur] liv$ & work$4 ,9 *oos+ ^!
 z objects ( our special att5tion we    
feel l ,*>les ,i41 :o said1 :5 he       
compell$ a reluctant c\rti] to hold     
,dur]'s ladd]1 ,man c make a nobleman1 b
 only ,god c make an arti/4  ,9 our se>*
 = int]e/+ ?+s 9 old ,nuremb]g1 we come 
sudd5ly ^u a h\se be>+ a tablet on :i*  
are ^! words1 ,pilate's ,h\se4 ,at fir/ 
we are my/ifi$1 = 0 n ,pilate's h\se 9  
,j]usalem8 ,b at once we recall t ?is is
 ! h\se ( ! pi\s ,jacob ,ketzet :o twice
 visit$ ! ,holy ,l& t he might measure  
exactly ! di/ance f ,pilate's h\se to   
,calv>y4 ,:5 he 0 satisfi$ ) 8          
measurem5ts he return$ to ,nuremb]g &   
commission$ ! great sculptor1 ,adam     
,kraft1 to c>ve /ations1 z he call$ !m1 
betwe5 8 home & ,/4 ,john's ,cemet]y to 
! nor?we/ ( ! city4 ,^! /ations1 :i* are
 m]ely /one pill>s on :i* are c>v$ 9    
relief sc5es f ! suff]+s ( our ,"l j    
be=e 8 dea?1 are /ill /&+1 & if we g to 
,dur]'s grave1 z ,i am sure we %\ld wi% 

to d1 we %all pass !m on our way4       
,illu/ration3 #aebf ,,viv5tis ,,potvit  
,,dvr]ivs ,,ora ,,philippi              
,,m5tem ,,non ,,potvit ,,p+]e ,,docta   
,,manvs                       ,,ad      
,,melanc?on  ,! ,nuremb]g]s h long tak5 
pride 9 ! qua9t appe>ance ( _! city1 s t
 _m ( ! new] h\ses are built 9 ! old    
/yle ) _! gables to ! /reet4 ,z we note 
! patriotic _s ( ! p & rec\nt ! beauties
 ( ! old city1 we feel t ,dur] 0 w>rant$
 9 ! deep love & affection t ,i h borne 
t v5]able city1 my fa!rl&1 z he express$
 x4    ,illu/ration3 ,,erasmus  ,z to ! 
"t :5 ,dur] came into ! _w1 x 0 truly a 
wond]ful age 9 :i* to live6 ,less ?an   
tw5ty-five ye>s aft] 8 bir?1 ,columbus  
f\nd a va/ new _w4 ,p 7 already mu*     
agitat$ ov] ! evil practices 9 ! old    
e/abli%$ *ur*4 ,dur] knew & lov$ ,lu!r &
 ,melanc?on b he 0 q z mu* atta*$ to !  
s*ol>ly ,erasmus1 :o wi%$ n to break    
away f ! old *ur*1 b m]ely to correct   
its abuses4 ,9 %ort ,dur] belong$ to !  
,cons]vative class :i* f\nd x possible  

to accept ! food 9 ! new doctr9es &     
reta9 ! pure f ! old )\t revolution4    
,su* 7 ! citiz5s ( ,nuremb]g & ?us did !
 anci5t city z easily accept ! new      
doctr9es z %e did ! morn+ sun%9e p\r+ 9 
at h] /ori$ w9d[s4 ,?us1 too1 7 pres]v$ 
! anci5t build+s & in/itutions1 :i*1    
?r\gh ! wisdom ( h] citiz5s1 7 n call$  
^u to )/& sieges & o!r milit>y attacks4 
,dur] 0 above ev]y?+ a true             
repres5tative ( ! ,g]man p1 & s we ought
 to take note ( "s ( ! qualities ( !    
,g]man m9d4 ,z ,goe!1 _! greate/ poet1  
says1 "o ( _! /ronge/ *>act]i/ics is t (
 wi%+ to le>n & to d r ?an to enjoy4 ,! 
,g]mans love tru? & !y d n /op %ort 9 _!
 imag9+s :5 !y wi% to drive x home4 ,s 9
 ,g]man art1 ! toil+ man or woman is (t5
 accompani$ by angels & demons1 ! equal 
( :i* 7 nev] pictur$ by any o!r p4 ,!   
greate/ extremes ( beauty & ugl9ess h ^!
 p giv5 9 _! art4 ,9 ei!r extreme1      
h[ev]1 ?\ghts on ! deepe/ que/ions (    
human life are at ! f\ndation4          
,illu/ration3 ,,doorway ,,9 ,,/4        

,,sebald',s ,,*ur*1 ,,nuremb]g     ,&   
above ca!dral doorways sa9ts & bi%ops   
c>v$ 9 /one1     ,by a =m] age          
commission$ z apo/les to our            
own4--,longfell[  ,on a summ]'s day 9   
#adee1 !re w&]$ into ! f>-fam$ city (   
,nuremb]g a "y goldsmi? f ,hung>y4 ,!   
ramp>ts ( ! city ) _! t[]s & gateways1 !
 spl5did build+s enclos$1 7 l miracles  
to ! y\?4 ,x 0 a fete day 9 celebration 
( ! m>riage ( ! son ( a prom95t citiz51 
,pirkheim] by "n4 ,albre*t ,dur]1 = t 0 
! y\?'s "n1 long /udi$ ! gay ?rong1     
little ?9k+ h[ 9 ! future ! "n ( 8 son &
 t ( ! bridegroom !re w\ld toge!r be    
kn[n to fame1 ! "o z ! greate/ arti/1 ! 
o!r z ! mo/ le>n$ man ( ,nuremb]g4 ,!   
w&]+ y\? 0 ! fa!r ( our arti/ & !       
bridegroom 0 ! fa!r ( ,wilibald         
,pirkheim]1 ,dur]'s life long fri5d &   
companion4  ,! "y goldsmi? lov$ ! city  
at once &1 enc\rag$ by ! bus9ess        
activity ( ! place1 he made x 8 p]man5t 
abode4 ,he f\nd employm5t ) ,hi]onymus  
,holp]1 & soon m>ri$ 8 ma/]'s comely    

daught]1 ,b>b>a4 ,!y resid$ 9 a little  
h\se :i* 0 a sort ( app5dage to ! great 
h\se ( ,pirkheim]4 ,a few mon?s aft] a  
mu* long$ = son came to bless !         
,pirkheim]s1 a little boy 0 born 9 !    
goldsmi?'s h\se :om !y nam$1 = 8 fa!r1  
,albre*t ,dur]4 ,z ! ye>s w5t by1       
sev5te5 o!r *ildr5 came to ! ,dur] home4
 ,?ree only ( all ^! *ildr5 grew to     
maturity4  ,) su* a family to support we
 c easily imag9e t ! fa!r's life 0 a h>d
 "o4 ,he 0 a pi\s & indu/ri\s man :om 8 
illu/ri\s son nev] tires ( prais+4 ,9 "o
 place he says ( him1 ,he _h a great    
reputation ) _m :o knew him1 = he l$ an 
honorable ,*ri/ian life1 0 a pati5t man1
 g5tle1 9 peace ) ev]yone & always      
?ankful to ,god4 ,he _h no desire =     
worldly pleasures1 0 ( few words1 did n 
g into society & 0 a ,god-fe>+ man4 ,?us
 my de> fa!r 0 mo/ anxi\s to br+ up 8   
*ildr5 to honor ,god4 ,8 highe/ wi% 0 t 
8 *ildr5 %\ld be pleas+ to ,god & man2  
!re=e he us$ to tell u e day t we %\ld  
love ,god & be true to our neighbors4   

,dur] sorr[$ deeply :5 8 fa!r di$ 9     
#aejb4 ,on 8 dea?-b$ he comm5d$ ! "m to 
h] son4 ,dur] 0 fai?ful to 8 tru/ & c>$ 
t5d]ly = 8 "m until h] dea?1 sev]al ye>s
 lat]4 ,nev] did boy or man m fai?fully 
keep ! comm&1 ,honor ?y fa!r & "m1 ?an  
did our arti/4  ,= _m reasons ,albre*t  
seem$ to be 8 fa!r's favorite *ild4 ,we 
f9d him1 9 spite ( num]\s o!r c>es1 tak+
 great pa9s ) ! boy's education4 ,he    
taught him to read & write well & mu/ h 
giv5 him in/ruction 9 ,lat94 ,^! 7 ye>s 
:5 ?ir/ = le>n+ 0 abroad 9 ! l&4 ,free  
,lat9 s*ools 7 e/abli%$ to meet ! ne$s4 
,dur]'s fa!r 0 fill$ ) ?is _s & he      
communicat$ x to 8 son4    ,illu/ration3
 ,,dorm] ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,! ,,bi%op',s      
,,h\se1 ,,nuremb]g     ,on ! squ>e !    
oriel w9d[1 :]e 9 old h]oic days1       
,sat ! poet ,mel*oir s++ ,kais]         
,maximilian's praise4     --,longfell[  
,z 0 cu/om>y at ! "t1 ! son 0 tra9$ to  
foll[ 8 fa!r's trade & s he le>n$ !     
goldsmi?'s art 9 8 fa!r's %op4 ,x is    
said t 9 8 t5d] ye>s he engrav$1 on     

silv]1 ev5ts f ,*ri/'s passage to       
,calv>y4 ,albre*t's draw+ 0 sup]ior to t
 usually done 9 a goldsmi?'s %op4 ,9 8  
free h\rs he drew to ent]ta9 8          
companions4 ,aft] a :ile he began to    
feel t he might pa9t pictures in/ead (  
m]ely draw+ designs = metal "w4 ,he lov$
 ! "w & s _h ! c\rage to tell 8 fa!r ( 8
 wi% to become a pa9t]4 ,! eld] ,dur] 0 
pati5t ) ! boy1 regrett+ only t he _h   
lo/ s mu* "t le>n+ ! goldsmi?'s trade4  
,albre*t1 !n only sixte51 0 surely "y   
en\gh to beg9 8 life "w6 ,8 fa!r put him
 to /udy ) ,wolgemut1 ! =emo/ pa9t] ( ! 
city1 :i* is n high praise1 = ! art (   
pa9t+ 0 !n new 9 ! prosp]\s city ( !    
,pegnitz4 ,wolgemut 01 h[ev]1 a good    
engrav] on wood & s p]haps 0 able to    
direct ! "y appr5tice 9 q z valuable a  
l9e z pa9t+4  ,"h ,dur] rema9$ = ?ree   
ye>s1 until #adij4 ,he 0 n[ b n9ete51   
full ( hope & p]haps consci\s1 to a     
c]ta9 ext5t1 t 8 0 no ord9>y skill ( h&4
 ,he 0 n[ ready1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( 8 
c\ntrym51 = 8 w&]s*aft or j\rneyman     

p]iod1 :5 he %\ld complete 8 art        
education by go+ abroad to o!r t[ns to  
see _! ways & ?us improve 8 own me?od4  
,= f\r ye>s he travel$ among neighbor+  
t[ns4 ,! evid5ce is /rong t ! la/ ye> 0 
sp5t 9 ,v5ice4 ,we h little c]ta9 k (   
:]e he sp5t ^! ye>s b we feel q sure t  
"o ( ! places he visit$ 0 ,colm>1 :]e he
 became acqua9t$ ) ! arti/1 ,m>t9       
,s*\gau]4  ,he 0 call$ home r sudd5ly 9 
#adid by 8 fa!r1 :o _h arrang$ :at he   
?\ght 0 an acceptable m>riage = 8 son4  
,a %ort "t be=e ,dur] _h s5t 8 fa!r a   
portrait ( himself 9 :i* he figur$ z a  
rem>kably h&some & well-dress$ "y man4  
,x is suppos$ t ! fa!r s5t = ?is        
portrait to help him along 9 8          
arrangem5ts = ! m>riage ( 8 son4 ,h[ev] 
,albre*t may h felt ab\t ! matt] ( mak+ 
8 m>riage m]ely a bus9ess affair1 he    
nev] express$ himself1 b 0 m>ri$ %ortly 
aft] 8 return to ,nuremb]g4             
,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,john ,,& ,,/4      
,,pet]      ,dur]    ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 
,,m>k ,,& ,,/4 ,,paul       ,dur]       

,agnes ,frey1 ! woman select$ by ,dur]'s
 fa!r1 0 a h&some woman ( good family ) 
a small =tune ( h] own4 ,%e has come d[n
 to u ) a mo/ un5viable record z a scold
 :o made life almo/ un5durable = h]     
husb&4 ,x is n[ q c]ta91 h[ev]1 t = all 
^! ye>s %e has be5 grossly misrepres5t$1
 simply because h] husb&'s fri5d        
,pirkheim]1 = small reason1 became (f5d$
 ) h]4 ,x seems t 9 8 lifetime ,dur]1 :o
 _h collect$ _m curi\s & valuable ?+s1  
_h ga!r$ toge!r "s rem>kably f9e        
/ag-horns4 ,"o pair ( ^! especially     
pleas$ ,pirkheim]4 ,! wid[1 )\t kn[+    
,pirkheim]'s desire = ^!1 sold !m = a   
small sum & ?us br\ght ^u h]self ! ang] 
( h] husb&'s *ol]ic fri5d1 :o wrote a   
mo/ unk9d lett] conc]n+ h] :i* has be5  
quot$ f t day to ?is to %[ h[ ,albre*t  
,dur] suff]$ 9 8 home4 ,! tru? seems    
really to be t ,agnes ,dur] 0 z         
sweet-temp]$ z ! av]age woman1 fond ( h]
 husb& & a good h\sekeep]4  ,! e>li]    
works ( ,dur] are l>gely wood-cuts1 !   
art :i* m ?an any o!r 0 ! arti/'s v own4

 ,! discussions ( ! times reg>d+        
religi\s matt]s made a dem& = books ev5 
at great co/4 ,x 0 a "t :5 writt5 &     
spok5 words held p's att5tion1 b :51 9  
addition1 ! text 0 illu/rat$ by /rong   
pictures ! p[] & rea* ( ! books 7       
increas$ t5-fold4 ,a place ?us seem$    
wait+ = ,albre*t ,dur]1 ! ma/]          
wood-engrav]4  ,8 fir/ great s]ies 0 !  
,apocalypse--pictures to illu/rate !    
book ( ,revelations4 ,su* a subject gave
 ,dur] ample scope = ! use ( 8          
imag9ation4 ,!n came ! /ory ( ,*ri/'s   
agony twice engrav$ 9 small & l>ge size4
 ,^! 7 foll[$ by /ill ano!r s]ies       
illu/rat+ ! life ( ,m>y4 ,?is s]ies 0   
especially popul>1 = x glorifi$ family  
life--! family life ( ! ,g]mans1 s      
wor?y1 s respect$4 ,to be sure1 ,m>y is 
repres5t$ z a ,g]man woman t5d+ a de>   
,g]man *ild4 ,! k+s :o come to adore    
c\ld be f\nd any day on ! /reets (      
,nuremb]g4 ,! ca/les & *ur*es t figure 9
 ! backgr\nds are ^? ( m$iaeval &       
r5aissance ,g]many4 ,b ?is 0 ,dur]'s    

me?od ( tru? speak+ & x appeal$ /rongly 
to ! p ( 8 "t z x mu/ to u ( to-day4  ,9
 #aejf1 :5 ! la/ s]ies 0 n q complet$1  
,dur] w5t to ,v5ice1 p]haps to look aft]
 ! sale ( "s ( 8 pr9ts1 b m likely      
because ! arti/ wi%$ to "w 9 ! sun%9e & 
art atmosph]e ( ! isl& city4 ,:ile away 
he wrote regul>ly to 8 fri5d ,pirkheim]4
 ,8 lett]s are exce$+ly int]e/+1 z we   
le>n f !m mu* ab\t ! art society ( ! "t4
 ,dur] 0 look$ ^u ) favor by ! ,v5etian 
gov]nm5t b mo/ ( ! native arti/s 7      
jeal\s ( ! =eign] & n fri5dly4 ,!y      
compla9$ t 8 art 0 l no?+ set d[n z     
correct or classical b /ill !y admir$ x 
& copi$ x1 too1 on ! sly4               
,illu/ration3 ,,dur] ,,9 ,,v5ice        
,!obald von ,o]  ,g5tile ,bell9i1 !     
f\nd] ( ! ,v5etian ,s*ool1 0 !n a v old 
man4 ,he 0 fond ( ,dur] & %[$ him _m    
k9dnesses1 n ! lea/ ( :i* 0 prais+ him  
to ! ,v5etian nobles4 ,!re is a *>m+    
/ory told ( ,bell9i's admiration (      
,dur]'s skill 9 pa9t+ hair3 ,"o day1    
aft] exam9+ c>efully ! be>d ( "o ( !    

sa9ts 9 a picture by ,dur]1 he begg$ him
 to all[ him to use ! bru% t _h done su*
 wond]ful "w4 ,dur] gladly laid 8 bru%es
 be=e ,bell9i & indicat$ ! "o he _h us$4
 ,! ,v5etian pick$ x up1 made ! attempt 
to use x b fail$ to produce any?+       
unusual1 :]eupon ,dur] took ! bru% wet )
 ,bell9i's own color & pa9t$ a lock (   
woman's hair 9 s m>vel\s a way t ! old  
arti/ decl>$ he w\ld n believe x _h he n
 se5 x done4  ,! mo/ important picture  
,dur] pa9t$ :ile 9 ,v5ice 0 ! ,madonna (
 ! ,rose ,g>l&s4 ,x 0 pa9t$ = ! arti/'s 
c\ntrym5 & is n[ 9 a mona/]y ne>        
,prague4 ,dur] evid5tly valu$ x highly  
himself = he writes ( x to ,pirkheim]1  
,my panel w\ld give a ducat = y to see  
x2 x is good & beautiful 9 color4 ,i h  
got mu* praise & little pr(it by x4 ,i h
 sil5c$ all ! pa9t]s :o said t ,i 0 good
 at engrav+ b c\ld n manage color4 ,n[  
ev]yone says t !y h nev] se5 bett]      
color+4  ,aft] little m ?an a ye>'s     
soj\rn 9 ,v5ice1 he return$ to          
,nuremb]g4 ,he _h be5 sorely tempt$ by  

an (f] f ! ,v5etian ,c\ncil ( a p]man5t 
p5sion if he w\ld b rema9 9 _! city4 ,b 
! ties ( affection :i* b\nd him to 8    
home city drew him back to ,nuremb]g1   
ev5 ?\gh he _h writt5 :ile 9 ,v5ice1 ,h[
 cold ,i %all be aft] ?is sun6 ,"h ,i am
 a g5tleman1 ref]r+ indirectly to !     
small] place he w\ld occupy at home4    
,al?\gh ,dur] /udi$ & enjoy$ ! works ( !
 ,italian ma/]s1 !re is h>dly a trace ( 
! influ5ce ( ?is /udy 9 8 own works4 ,8 
m9d 0 too /rongly b5t 9 its own         
direction to be easily turn$ ev5 by s   
p[]ful an influ5ce z ,v5etian pa9t+4 ,we
 are grateful inde$ = ! /eadfa/ purpose 
( ,dur] t kept 8 art pure ,g]man in/ead 
( dilut+ x ) ,italian /yle s little     
adapt$ to h>monize ) ,g]man ?\ght &     
me?od4    ,illu/ration3 ,,pray+ ,,h&s   
,dur]  ,on ,dur]'s return to ,nuremb]g  
he did "s ( 8 be/ "w4 ,he pa9t$ "o ( 8  
greate/ pictures at ?is "t1 ,all ,sa9ts4
 ,x is cr[d$ ) ri*ly dress$ figures1    
:ile ! air above is fill$ ) an angelic  
ho/ :i* no "o c c\nt4 ,9 ! c5t] is !    

,cross on :i* hangs our suff]+ ,"l4     
,bel[1 9 "o corn]1 is ,dur]'s           
unmi/akable signature1 :i* 9 ?is case   
consi/s ( a full l5g? m9iature ( himself
 hold+ up a tablet on :i* is ?is        
inscription1 ,alb]tus ,dur] ( ,nuremb]g 
did x 9 #aeaa4 ,aft] ?is foll[s ! r5[n$ 
monogram us$ by ! arti/ 9 sign+ 8 works 
aft] #adif1 ! ,d enclos$ 9 a l>ge ,a    
some?+ aft] ?is /yle4 ,he !n design$ a v
 beautiful & elaborate frame = ?is      
picture to be c>v$ f wood4 ,x 0 adorn$ )
 figures 9 relief1 beautiful v9e        
trac]ies & ar*itectural ornam5ts :i* %[$
 our arti/ ma/] ( /ill ano!r national   
art--wood-c>v+4    ,illu/ration  ,x is  
int]e/+1 too1 to "k t ab\t ?is "t ,dur]1
 f9d+ pa9t+ n s lucrative z he _h hop$1 
turn$ 8 att5tion to engrav+ on all sorts
 ( h>d mat]ials1 su* z ivory &          
hone-/one4 ,to ?is p]iod belongs t t9y  
triumph ( 8 art1 ! ,deg5noph1 or gold   
plate1 :i* conta9s 9 a circle ( little m
 ?an an in* 9 diamet] ! :ole sc5e ( !   
,crucifixion c>efully repres5t$4  ,?r\gh

 8 indefatigable labors ,dur]'s         
circum/ances 7 n[ greatly improv$ & s he
 plann$ to publi% 8 works1 a matt] (    
l>ge exp5se4 ,in/ead ( go+ to "s l>ge   
publi%+ h\se1 z we to-day d1 ,dur] _h a 
press set up 9 8 own h\se4 ,we delight 9
 illu/rat$ books to-day1 inde$ we w     
h>dly h a book )\t pictures4 ,imag9e !n 
! joy t mu/ h be5 felt 9 ?is "t ( !     
sc>city ( ev5 pr9t$ books to h ^? t 7   
illu/rat$4 ,!re 0 ready sale = all !    
books ,dur] c\ld pr9t4  ,"s pr9ts came  
into ,raphael's h&s4 ,he wrote a fri5dly
 lett] to ! arti/ & s5t him sev]al ( 8  
own draw+s4 ,9 return ,dur] s5t 8 own   
portrait1 life size1 :i* ,raphael       
greatly priz$ & at 8 dea? bequea!d to 8 
favorite pupil1 ,julio ,romano4  ,dur]'s
 prosp]ity cont9u+1 he pur*as$ ! h\se n[
 kn[n to fame z ,albre*t ,dur]'s ,h\se4 
,x is /ill v mu* z x 0 9 ! arti/'s      
lifetime4 ,"h "o may /udy at 8 leisure !
 kit*5 & liv+-room :i* seem z if ,dur]  
_h j left !m4  ,! arti/'s reputation 0  
n[ fully e/abli%$4 ,9 #aeji1 he 0 made a

 memb] ( ! ,c\ncil t gov]n$ ! city & he 
0 grant$ ! important commission ( pa9t+ 
two pictures = ! relic *amb] 9          
,nuremb]g4 ,9 ?is room1 :i* 0 9 a       
citiz5's h\se1 ! cr[n jewels 7 kept on  
,ea/] night1 ! "t ( _! annual exhibition
 to ! public4 ,sigismund & ,*>lemagne 7 
! subjects select$1 ! =m] probably      
because x 0 he :o fir/ gave to ,nuremb]g
 ! cu/ody ( ! preci\s jewels1 & ! latt] 
because ,*>lemagne 0 a favorite h]o ) ! 
,g]mans4 ,! ,*>lemagne is "h reproduc$4 
,9 wond]ful jewel$ coronation robes1 ) !
 coat ( arms ( ,france on "o side & t ( 
,g]many on ! o!r1 he is a f9e figure    
well suit$ to make u feel ,dur]'s p[] z 
a pa9t]4    ,illu/ration3 ,,*>lemagne   
,dur]  ,9 #aeab1 !re came to ,nuremb]g a
 royal visitor1 no less a p]sonage ?an !
 ,emp]or ,maximilian4 ,?is 0 ( greate/  
importance to ,dur] to :om two important
 commissions came z ! result ( ?is      
visit4 ,! ,emp]or _h no settl$ abode1 s 
8 travels 7 important1 at lea/ to       
himself4 ,he 0 fond ( dictat+ poems &   

descriptions ( ^! travels4 ,dur] 0 ask$ 
to make wood-cuts = a book ( ! ,emp]or's
 travels to consi/ ( two p>ts1 ! "o     
call$ ,! ,triumphal ,ar* & ! o!r ,!     
,triumphal ,c>4  ,! wood-cuts = ! fir/ 7
 made on n9ety-two sep>ate blocks :i*1  
:5 put toge!r1 =m$ "o imm5se cut t5 & a 
half feet high by n9e feet wide4 ,= ?is 
,dur] made all ! designs :i* 7 cut by a 
skill$ workman ( ! city1 ,hi]onymus     
,&rae4 ,x 0 :ile ?is "w 0 go+ =w>d t !  
well-kn[n say+1 ,a cat may look at a k+1
 arose4 ,! ,emp]or 0 (t5 at ! work%op   
wat*+ ! progress ( ! "w & he 0 frequ5tly
 ent]ta9$ by ! pet cats ( ! wood-cutt]  
:o w\ld come 9 to be ) _! ma/]4  ,!     
designs = ,! ,triumphal ,c> 7 ( ! same  
g5]al /yle4 ,9 ^! ,dur] 0 assi/$ by o!r 
engrav]s ( ! city4 ,"o expression (     
,dur]'s reg>d+ ! ornam5tation ( ! c> %[s
 him skill$ 9 ! language ( ! c\rti] z   
well z 9 t ( ! citiz54 ,he says1 ,x is  
adorn$1 n ) gold & preci\s /ones1 :i*   
are ! prop]ty ( ! good & bad alike1 b ) 
! virtues :i* only ! really noble       

possess4  ,! not$ ,pray] ,book (        
,maximilian 0 ! o!r "w done = ! ,emp]or4
 ,only ?ree ( ^! are 9 exi/5ce & ( c\rse
 !y are almo/ priceless 9 value4 ,! text
 0 illu/rat$ by ,dur] on ! m>g9 9 p5 &  
ink draw+s 9 diff]5t color$ inks4       
,sometimes ! arti/'s fancy is express$ 9
 tw9+ v9es & fly+ birds & butt]flies1   
aga9 x is ! kneel+ ,psalmi/ li/5+ 9 rapt
 att5tion to "s heav5ly h>pi/1 or x may 
be t ! crafty fox beguiles ! unsuspect+ 
f[ls ) music f a /ol5 flute4 ,?us ?r\gh 
almo/ endless v>iety ( subjects /ray !  
arti/'s ?\ght & h&4  ,we h also a f9e   
lik5ess ( ,maximilian drawn 9 /rong free
 l9es by ,dur] at ?is same "t4 ,see+ h[ 
deft ! arti/ 0 ) 8 crayons1 ,maximilian 
took up "s pieces :i* broke 9 8 h&4 ,:5 
ask$ :y x did n d s 9 ! f+]s ( ! arti/1 
,dur] made ! well kn[n reply1 ,graci\s  
,emp]or1 ,i w\ld n h y\r maje/y draw z  
well z myself4 ,i h practis$ ! art & x  
is my k+dom4 ,y\r maje/y has o!r & m    
difficult "w to d4    ,illu/ration3     
,,head ,,( ,,an ,,old ,,man      ,dur]  

,= all ?is wond]ful "w ,dur]'s          
comp5sation 0 little m ?an ! remission (
 c]ta9 taxes by ! ,nuremb]g ,c\ncil & ! 
promise ( a small annual p5sion4        
,maximilian's dea? made x d\btful :e!r !
 p5sion w\ld be paid4 ,dur] 9 common )  
o!rs s\ght out ! new ,emp]or1 ,*>les    
,v41 to h ! favors grant$ by 8          
pr$ecessor confirm$4  ,) ?is 9 view1 9  
#aebj1 ! arti/ ) 8 wife & maid set out =
 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,!y 7 gone some?+ m ?an a  
ye> & a half1 dur+ :i* "t ,dur] kept a  
/rict acc\nt ( 8 exp5ses & ( 8 exp]i5ces
 & impressions ?r\gh\t ! j\rney4        
,ev]y:]e he 0 receiv$ ) ! mo/ m>k$      
att5tion4 ,he 0 invit$ to spl5did fea/s1
 & 0 ! recipi5t ( all sorts ( gifts4 ,9 
return he gave freely ( 8 own preci\s   
works4  ,he made 8 headqu>t]s at ,antw]p
 & "h he witness$ ! entry ( ! new mon>*4
 ,! magnific5ce ( ! f\r hundr$ two-/ori$
 ar*es erect$ = ! occasion impress$     
,dur] deeply4 ,( ! _m & v>i$ exp]i5ces (
 ! ,nuremb]g]1 n ! lea/ int]e/+ 0 8     
attempt to see a :ale t _h be5 ca/ a%ore

 9 ,zeal&4 ,he made all ha/e to see ?is 
unusual sight & 0 ne>ly %ip-wreck$ 9 !  
attempt4 ,! exposure1 too1 to :i* he 0  
subject$ gave rise to ills :i* ev5tually
 caus$ 8 dea?4  ,aft] all 8 tr\ble he 0 
disappo9t$ at 8 j\rney's end = ! :ale _h
 be5 wa%$ away be=e he arriv$4 ,he      
f9ally accompli%$ ! object = :i* he w5t 
to ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,8 p5sion 0 confirm$ & 9 
addition he 0 nam$ c\rt pa9t]4 ,lad5$ ) 
all sorts ( curi\s ?+s :i* he _h        
collect$ & ) a g5]\s supply ( pres5ts = 
8 fri5ds & _! wives1 he />t$ home :]e he
 arriv$ 9 due "t4  ,!re 7 b sev5 ye>s ( 
life left to our pa9t] & ^! 7 burd5$ )  
brok5 heal?4 ,to ?is p]iod1 h[ev]1      
belong "s ( 8 mo/ wond]ful & *>act]i/ic 
works4 ,! v ye> ( 8 return he engrav$ t 
m>vell\s ,head ( an ,old ,man1 n[ 9     
,vi5na4 ,nev] 7 ! /rik+ qualities ( age 
m beautifully put toge!r ?an 9 ?is head4
    ,illu/ration3 ,,melan*oly      ,dur]
  ,) ab\t ! same "t we associate ,!     
,pray+ ,h&s1 n[ also 9 ,vi5na4 ,h[ an   
arti/ c make h&s express ! inmo/ wi% ( !

 s\l z ^! d w always rema9 a my/]y ev5  
to ! mo/ acute4 ,we h ! /ory t !y 7 !   
clasp$ h&s ( ,dur]'s boyhood fri5d :o   
toil$ = ye>s to equal or rival 8 fri5d 9
 _! *os5 "w4 ,:51 9 a te/ agre$ ^u1 to  
,dur] 0 giv5 ! prize1 !n ,hans1 = t 0 ! 
fri5d's "n1 pray$ f]v5tly to be resign$ 
to a second place4 ,dur] caught sight ( 
! clasp$ h&s & drew !m s well t :]ev] ! 
"n & fame ( ,albre*t goes !re also mu/ g
 ! pray+ h&s ( 8 fri5d4 ,:e!r ! /ory be 
true we _c say1 b 9 ! h&s we h a ma/] "w
 to love4  ,at ?is "t ! new religi\s    
doctr9e =m$ ! subject ( ?\ght ev]y:]e4  
,!re 0 ! mo/ m9ute se>*+ = tru? t ! _w  
has ev] kn[n4 ,dur]1 deeply mov$ by !   
?\ght ( ! "t1 put its v ess5ce into 8   
works4 ,he 0 a philosoph] & a /ud5t (   
m54 ,he saw h[ ! v>i$ temp]am5ts ( m5 l$
 !m to ?9k diff]5tly on ! great que/ions
 ( ! "t4 ,feel+ ?is ke5ly1 he set to "w 
to repres5t ^! v>i\s temp]am5ts 9       
pictur$ =ms1 a mo/ difficult ?+ to d z  
we c easily imag9e4 ,p]haps 8 own       
diseas$ condition l$ him to select z !  

fir/ ( ^! ,melan*oly1 t great brood+    
%ad[ t hov]s con/antly above man1 wait+ 
only = ! mom5t :5 disc\ragem5t comes to 
fall ^u & de/roy its victim4  ,h[ does  
,dur] repres5t ?is insidi\s & fatal     
enemy8 ,a p[]ful w+$ woman sits 9       
despair 9 ! mid/ ( ! useless implem5ts (
 ! art ( ,sci5ce4 ,! compass 9 h]       
n]veless f+]s c no long] measure1 nor   
ev5 "t 9 8 ceaseless fl[ expla91 !      
my/]ies :i* cr[d ^u ?is well-nigh       
di/raught woman1 :o x seems mu/ /& =    
human reason4 ,! sun itself is d>k5$ by 
! uncanny bat :i* possibly may /& = d\bt
 & unbelief4 ,p]haps no "o c expla9     
accurately ! mean+ ( ?is great engrav+ &
 !re9 lies ! greatness1 :i* all[s ea*   
p]son to int]pret x to please himself4  
,9 pa9t+ he attempt$ ! same difficult   
subject ( ! temp]am5ts1 9 8 f\r apo/les1
 ,/4 ,paul & ,m>k1 ,/4 ,john & ,pet]4   
,he pa9t$ ^! )\t *>ge z a sort (        
memorial ( himself 9 8 native t[n4 ,two 
sa9ts are pa9t$ on ea* panel4 ,no       
figures 9 art are m beautiful ?an !     

lead+ "o on ea* panel1 ! ,/4 ,paul on ! 
"o & ! ,/4 ,john on ! o!r4 ,if we       
int]pret ^! z reg>ds temp]am5t1 ,john is
 ! type ( ! melan*oly1 ,pet] ( !        
phlegmatic1 ,paul ( ! *ol]ic & ,m>k ( ! 
sangu9e4  ,9 #aebf1 ,dur] s5t ^!        
pictures z a gift to ! ,c\ncil (        
,nuremb]g4 ,x 0 ! arti/'s wi% t !y %\ld 
always rema9 9 ! ,c\ncil hall4 ,not)/&+ 
?is1 only copies are n[ to be se5 9     
,nuremb]g1 :ile ! orig9als are 9 ,muni*1
 c>ri$ !re by ! ,elector ( ,bav>ia1 :o  
paid a good price = !m4    ,illu/ration3
 ,,! ,,knight1 ,,dea? ,,& ,,! ,,devil   
,dur]  ,"o o!r ( ,dur]'s pictures %\ld  
be spok5 (1 ?\gh x h>dly belongs la/ 9  
ord] ( "t4 ,x is really ! summ+ up ( mu*
 t he _h done f "t to "t all ?r\gh 8    
busy life "t4 ,?is picture1 call$ ,!    
,knight1 ,dea? & ! ,devil1 is an engrav+
 on copp]4 ,! /]n1 intellig5t m5 ( ! "t1
 :o 7 ready to face any dang] 9 ord] to 
be> !mselves accord+ to _! notions ( "r1
 are well repres5t$ 9 ?is spl5did m\nt$ 
knight4 ,:at ?\gh ,dea? rem9ds him by ! 

uplift$ h\rglass t 8 life is ne>ly end$8
 or t ,satan himself /&s ready to claim 
! ,knight's s\l8 ,!re is t 9 ?is gr&    
horseman's face t tells ( unfl9*+       
purpose & indomitable c\rage to c>ry x  
out aga9/ ! odds ( e>? & ! d>k regions  
besides4 ,"o ( our greate/ art critics  
says ( ?is "w1 ,i believe ,i d n        
exagg]ate :5 ,i p>ticul>ize ?is po9t z !
 mo/ important "w :i* ! fanta/ic _s (   
,g]man ,art has produc$4 ,a read+ (     
,f\que's ,s9tram inspires u anew ) !    
true _s ( ,dur]'s great "w4             
,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,george ,,& ,,!     
,,dragon      ,dur]  ,! gift to 8 natal 
city 0 ,dur]'s la/ "w ( note4 ,!        
sickness t _h be5 gr[+ ^u him1 :i* 0    
none o!r ?an consumption1 gradually     
absorb$ 8 en]gies & 9 ,april1 #aebh1 he 
di$4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 ,/4 ,john's ,cemet]y 
9 ! lot belong+ to ! ,frey family4 ,on !
 flat grave/one 0 let 9 a little bronze 
tablet on :i* 0 a simple inscription    
writt5 by 8 fri5d ,pirkheim]4 ,a c5tury 
& a half lat] ,s&r>t1 ! hi/orian (      

,g]man pa9t]s1 visit$ ! tomb1 !n 9 ru9s4
 ,he caus$ x to be repair$ & add$ ano!r 
inscription :i* has be5 translat$ into  
,engli%3--      ,re/ "h1 ?\ ,pr9ce (    
,pa9t]s6 ?\ :o wa/ bett]           ?an  
great1      ,9 _m arts unequal$ 9 ! old 
"t or ! late4      ,e>? ?\ did/ pa9t &  
g>ni%1 & n[ 9 ?y new abode      ,?\     
pa9te/ ! holy ?+s ov]head 9 ! city (    
,god4      ,& we1 z our patron sa9t1    
look up to !e1 ev] w1      ,& cr[n )    
laurel ! du/ "h left ) u /ill4  ,dur]'s 
"* 0 "o ( ! pure/ to be f\nd on !       
honor-li/ ( ! _w4 ,he bore heavy burd5s 
) pati5ce & 0 true to 8 c\ntry & to     
himself 9 ! mo/ di/ract+ ( times4 ,he 0 
! fa!r ( popul> illu/ration & !         
orig9ator ( illu/rat$ books4 ,he 0 z    
_m-sid$ 9 8 g5ius z ,da ,v9ci & z       
prolific z ,raphael1 ?\gh along a       
diff]5t l9e4 ,t he 0 ar*itect1 sculptor1
 pa9t]1 engrav]1 au?or & civil eng9e]   
proves ! =m] po9t1 :ile ! fact t he left
 a great numb] ( sign$ works satisfies u
 reg>d+ ! latt] comp>ison4 ,"o :o knew  

him wrote ( him 9 ^! words1--,if !re 7 9
 ?is man any?+ approa*+ to a fault x 0  
simply ! endless indu/ry &              
self-criticism :i* he indulg$ 91 (t5 ev5
 to inju/ice4    ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue  
,,( ,,albre*t ,,dur]1 ,,nuremb]g  ,9    
clos+ ?is sket*1 no?+ c s delightfully  
summ>ize ! beauty ( ! old t[n (         
,nuremb]g & ! "* ( its great arti/ z a  
"p ( ,longfell['s poem1 ,nuremb]g3,a    
,9 ! valley ( ! ,pegnitz1 :]e across    
broad mead[-l&s1   ,rise ! blue         
,franconian m\nta9s1 ,nuremb]g ! anci5t 
/&s4    ,qua9t old t[n ( toil & traffic1
 qua9t old t[n ( art & song1   ,memories
 haunt ?y po9t$ gables l ! rooks t r\nd 
!m         ?rong3    ,memories ( !      
,middle ,ages1 :5 ! ,emp]ors1 r\gh &    
bold1   ,_h _! dwell+ 9 ?y ca/le1 "t    
defy+1 c5turies old2    ,& ?y brave &   
?rifty burgh]s boa/$1 9 _! unc\? rhyme1 
,t _! great imp]ial city /ret*$ its h&  
?ro' e clime4    ,9 ! c\rt-y>d ( !      
ca/le1 b\nd ) _m an iron b&1   ,/&s !   
mighty l9d5 plant$ by ,que5 ,cunigunde's

 h&2    ,on ! squ>e ! oriel w9d[1 :]e 9 
old h]oic days1   ,sat ! poet ,mel*oir  
s++ ,kais] ,maximilian's praise4        
,ev]y:]e ,i see ar\nd me rise ! wondr\s 
_w ( art2   ,f\nta9s wr\ght ) ri*e/     
sculpture /&+ 9 ! common m>t2    ,&     
above ca!dral doorways sa9ts & bi%ops   
c>v$ 9 /one1   ,by a =m] age commission$
 z apo/les to our own4    ,9 ! *ur* (   
sa9t$ ,sebald sleeps en%r9$ 8 holy du/1 
,& 9 bronze ! ,twelve ,apo/les gu>d f   
age to age _! tru/2    ,9 ! *ur* ( sa9t$
 ,lawr5ce /&s a pix ( sculpture r>e1    
,l ! foamy %eaf ( f\nta9s ris+ ?r\gh !  
pa9t$ air4    ,"h1 :5 ,art 0 /ill       
religion1 ) a simple1 rev]5t he>t       
,liv$ & labor$ ,albre*t ,dur]1 !        
,evangeli/ ( ,art2    ,h5ce 9 sil5ce & 9
 sorr[1 toil+ /ill ) busy h&1   ,l an   
emigrant he w&]$ seek+ = ! ,bett] ,l&4  
,emigravit is ! inscription on !        
tomb-/one :]e he lies2   ,dead he is n1 
b dep>t$--= ! arti/ nev] dies4    ,fair]
 seems ! anci5t city & ! sun%9e seems m 
fair1   ,t he once has trod its pavem5t1

 t he once has brea!d its air6  ,a ,^!  
/anzas are "h reproduc$ by ! c\rtesy (  
,h\ghton1 ,miffl9  ,co41 ! regul>       
publi%]s ( ,longfell['s works4          
,,subjects ,,= ,,language ,,"w4         
#a4 ,a ,day 9 ,anci5t ,nuremb]g4        
#b4 ,! ,*ur*es ( ,nuremb]g4       #c4 ,)
 ,dur] at ,antw]p4       #d4 ,dur] & ,8 
,fri5ds4       #e4 ,dur] & ,8 ,wife4    
#f4 ,dur]'s ,/ay 9 ,v5ice4       #g4    
,maximilian & ! ,arti/4       #h4       
,/ories ab\t ,dur]4       #i4 ,! ,art ( 
,wood ,engrav+4      #aj4 ,! ,f\nta9s ( 
,nuremb]g4      #aa4 ,"s ,/ories ab\t   
,/4 ,sebald4   ,,special ,,ref]5ces ,,= 
,,albre*t ,,dur]4      ,life ( ,dur] by 
,hea?4      ,life ( ,dur] by ,heaton4   
,life ( ,dur] by ,?ans+4      ,life (   
,dur] by ,sweets]4      ,art & ,arti/s  
by ,clem5t4      ,dur] by ,gurnsey 9    
,h>p]'s ,magaz9e1 ,vol4 #dj4            
----------------------------------------
----------------------    ,transcrib]'s 
,note3                                  
,page #aje cleanl9es might be a         

typographical error =         clean l9es
 or cleanl9ess4                         
,inconsi/5cies 9 ! use ( ! words        
backgr\nd7s7_/           back-gr\nd7s72 
ma/]piece7s7_/ma/]-piece7s72 &          
today_/to-day h be5 reta9$ z 9 ! orig9al
 book4                                  
,! foll[+ *anges h be5 made to !        
orig9al3              ,page  #af :i* he 
c>resses g5tly *ang$ to                 
c>esses                                 
,page  #ge ,m>y 9 "s ( 8 lovlie/        
pictures *ang$ to                       
lovelie/                                
,page #aje = _! "p 9 ! di/ruction *ang$ 
to                     de/ruction       
,page #add dissapo9tm5t1 t lies cr\*+   
*ang$ to                   disappo9tm5t 
,page #ahg :ole sc5e ( ! ,crucifiixon   
*ang$ to                                
,crucifixion                            
,page #aie magnifi5ce ( ! f\r hundr$    
*ang$ to                                
magnific5ce                             
----------------------------------------

----------------------