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,all fractions 9 ,plate descriptions   h
 be5 unpack$ 9 ! =m #ag-g_/h4           
,illu/ration3 ,cov]       ,,ma/]s ,,(   
,,wat]-,,col\r ,,pa9t+   ,)             
,introduction by ,h4 ,m4 ,cundall1      
,i4,s4,o41 ,f4,s4,a4       ,edit$ ,by   
,ge(frey ,holme   ,london3 ,! ,/udio1   
,ltd41 #dd ,leice/] ,squ>e1 ,w4,c4#b    
#aibb-aibc       ,,cont5ts              
,page    ,introduction by ,h4 ,m4       
,cundall1 ,i4,s4,o41 ,f4,s4,a4          
#a     ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\rs      
,plate    ,bon+ton1 ,ri*>d ,p>kes       
,ne> ,jumieges                          
xxiv    ,cotman1 ,john ,sell            
,classical ,sc5e                        
xiii    ,cox1 ,david       ,boys ,fi%+  
xviii    ,coz5s1 ,john ,rob]t           

,lake ,nemi                             
x    ,dayes1 ,edw>d       ,furness      
,abbey1 ,lanca%ire                      
vii    ,de ,w9t1 ,pet]       ,/4 ,albans
                                        
xvi    ,f>+ton1 ,r4,a41 ,joseph         
,scot* ,l&scape                         
v    ,field+1 ,a4 ,v4 ,copley           
,lake ,sc5e                             
xvii    ,girt91 ,?omas       ,l&scape   
xi    ,glov]1 ,john       ,view 9 ,nor? 
,wales                                  
xv    ,h>d+1 ,james ,duffield           
,vico1 ,bay ( ,naples                   
xx    ,he>ne1 ,?omas       ,view (      
,gl\ce/]                                
iv    ,holl&1 ,james       ,a ,%r9e 9   
,v5ice                                  
xxii    ,hunt1 ,william ,h5ry           
,pluck+ ! ,f[l                          
xxi    ,malton1 ,?omas1 ,jun4       ,old
 ,palace ,y>d1 ,we/m9/]                 
vi    ,pr\t1 ,samuel       ,palazzo     
,cont>9i ,fasan         on ! ,gr&       
,canal1 ,v5ice                          

xix    ,pyne1 ,james ,bak]       ,view 9
 ,italy                                 
xxiii    ,rook]1 ,a4,r4,a41 ,mi*ael     
7,angelo7       ,village ,sc5e          
iii    ,r[l&son1 ,?omas       ,entrance 
to ,vauxhall ,g>d5s                     
ix    ,s&by1 ,r4,a41 ,paul       ,w9dsor
 ,ca/le3 ,view ( ! ,r\nd       &        
,devil's ,t[]s f ! ,black ,rock         
i    ,t[ne1 ,francis       ,on ! ,d>t   
ii    ,turn]1 ,r4,a41 ,j4 ,m4 ,w4       
,luc]ne3 ,moonlight                     
xii    ,v>ley1 ,john       ,hackney     
,*ur*                                   
xiv    ,:eatley1 ,r4,a41 ,francis       
,prep>+ = ,m>ket                        
viii       ,! ,editor desires to        
ackn[l$ge   8 indebt$ness to ,mr4 ,a4   
,e4   ,hutton1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,w4 ,lloyd1 ,mr4
   ,victor ,ri5aeck]1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,bell+ham
   ,smi? & ,messrs4 ,?os4   ,agnew      
,sons :o h k9dly   l5t _! draw+s =      
reproduction   9 ?is volume4            
,,introduction   ,! e>lie/ =m ( pa9t+ 0 
) col\rs gr\nd 9 wat]4 ,egyptian arti/s 

?ree ?\s& ye>s ,b4,c4 us$ ?is me?od1 &  
v>i\s m$iums1 su* z wax & ma/ic1 7 add$ 
z a fixative4 ,x 0 :at is n[ kn[n z     
temp]a pa9t+4 ,! ,greeks acquir$ _! k ( 
! art f ! ,egyptians1 & lat] ! ,romans  
disp]s$ x ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,!y probably 
introduc$ temp]a pa9t+ into ?is c\ntry =
 decoration ( ! walls ( _! h\ses4 ,!    
,engli% monks visit$ ! ,cont95t & le>nt 
! art ( m9iature pa9t+ = illum9at+ _!   
manuscripts by ! same process4 ,ow+ to  
opaque :ite be+ mix$ ) ! col\rs ! t]m ( 
pa9t+ 9 body-col\r came 9 use4 ,pa9t+ 9 
?is mann] 0 employ$ by arti/s ?r\gh\t   
,europe 9 mak+ sket*es = _! oil pa9t+s4 
,two su* draw+s by ,albre*t ,dur]1      
produc$ ) great fre$om 9 ! e>ly "p ( !  
sixte5? c5tury1 are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4
 ,! ,dut* ma/]s also employ$ ! same     
means4 ,holbe9 introduc$ ! pa9t+ (      
m9iature portraits into ?is c\ntry1 =   
al?\gh ! monks ins]t$ figures 9 _!      
illum9ations1 little attempt 0 made 9   
produc+ lik5esses4 ,z e>ly z ! middle ( 
! sev5te5? c5tury ! t]m wat] col\rs came

 into use4 ,9 an inv5tory1 9 manuscript1
 ( ! p]sonal e/ate ( ,*>les ,i1 :i* 0   
sold by an ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 num]\s     
pictures are ?us describ$4  ,w5ceslaus  
,holl>1 a native ( ,prague1 came to     
,engl& 9 #afcg1 & became draw+-ma/] to !
 ,pr9ce ( ,wales & ! ,duke ( ,york4 ,!  
pa9t+ ( l&scapes 0 fir/ introduc$ by him
 into ?is c\ntry4 ,he made topographical
 draw+s ) a re$ p51 & aft]w>ds add$     
slight local col\rs4 ,! e>lie/          
,engli%man kn[n to foll[ ?is /yle 0     
,francis ,b>l[4 ,he is pr9cipally not$ =
 8 draw+s ) a p51 slightly t9t$1 (      
animals & birds1 ) l&scapes 9 !         
backgr\nd4 ,lat]1 ,pet] ,monamy1 a m>9e 
pa9t] :o 0 born 9 ,j]sey1 produc$ draw+s
 9 a simil> mann]4 ,e>ly 9 ! eighte5?   
c5tury ,piet] ,tillemans came to ,engl&1
 & pa9t$ hunt+ sc5es1 race-horses &     
c\ntry-seats4 ,he work$ 9 a free /yle 9 
wa%es ( col\r )\t any outl9es ) a p5 or 
und]ly+ grey t9ts4 ,to a ,natural       
,hi/ory ( ,birds1 by ,george ,edw>ds1   
libr>y keep] to ! ,royal ,college (     

,physicians1 publi%$ 9 #agea1 is add$ an
 app5dix1 entitl$1 ,a ,brief & ,g5]al   
,idea ( ,draw+ & ,pa9t+ 9 ,wat] ,col\rs3
 ,int5d$ = ! amusem5t ( ! curi\s r ?an !
 in/ruction ( arti/s4 ,9 x he /ates1    
,!re are two ways ( pa9t+ 9 wat] col\rs3
 "o by mix+ :ite ) y\r col\rs & lay+ on 
a ?ick body2 ! o!r is only wa%+ y\r pap]
 or vellum ) a ?9 wat] t9ctur$ ) col\r4 
,aft] giv+ details ( ! me?ods to be     
employ$ he adds1 ! =m] me?od ( us+ wat] 
col\rs is call$ pa9t+ & ! o!r wa%+ or   
/a9+4 ,dur+ ! latt] half ( ! c5tury x   
became a fa%ion = l&$ g5try to h        
engrav+s made ( _! c\ntry seats1 &      
antiqu>ian publications ) illu/rations 7
 produc$4 ,^! creat$ a dem& =           
topographical draughtsm5 to assi/ !     
engrav]s4 ,9 ! catalogues ( !           
,exhibitions ( ! ,society ( ,arti/s1 !  
fir/ ( :i* 0 held 9 #agfj1 ! draw+s by  
^! m5 are /yl$ z be+ /a9$1 t9t$1 or     
wa%$4  ,! ,engli% ,s*ool ( ,wat]-,col\r 
,pa9t+ 0 n[ firmly e/abli%$1 & sev]al   
arti/s h be5 claim$ to be ! fa!r ( x4   

,among/ !m 7 ,william ,tav5]1 an amateur
 pa9t]1 ^: draw+s 7 nev] topographically
 correct1 z he exagg]at$ build+s to give
 !m a classic appe>ance2 ,samuel ,scott1
 a m>9e pa9t] & /yl$ ! ,engli%          
,canaletto1 he 0 call$ by ,horace       
,walpole ! fir/ pa9t] ( ! age--"o ^:    
works w *>m any age1 & 0 also a fri5d ( 
,hog>?2 also ,alex&] ,coz5s1 born 9     
,russia & ! reput$ son ( ,pet] ! ,great1
 b lately x has be5 sugge/$ t ,ri*>d    
,coz5s1 a %ip-build]1 :o w5t to ,russia 
9 #agjj1 may h be5 8 fa!r4 ,he 0 s5t to 
,italy to /udy art1 & aft]w>ds came to  
,engl&4 ,he pr(ess$ to tea* amateurs h[ 
to produce pictures )\t /udy4 ,edw>ds1 9
 8 ,anecdotes ( ,pa9t+1 describes 8     
process z da%+ out a numb] ( accid5tal  
l>ge blots & loose fl\ri%es f :i* he    
select$ =ms & sometimes produc$ v gr&   
ideas4 ,dayes call$ him ,blotma/]-g5]al 
to ! t[n4  ,! pa9t]1 h[ev]1 :o is mo/   
g5]ally reg>d$ z be+ ! fa!r ( wat]-col\r
 pa9t+ 0 ,paul ,s&by1 ,r4,a4 ,he fir/   
obta9$ employm5t 9 ! ,milit>y ,draw+    

,(fice ( ! ,t[] ( ,london4 ,aft]w>ds he 
resid$ ) 8 eld] bro!r1 ,?omas ,s&by1 at 
,w9dsor4 ,at fir/ he pa9t$ 9 ! usual    
t9t$ mann] ( ! p]iod1 b lat] he work$ ) 
body-col\r1 by :i* mann] he add$        
consid]able ri*ness to 8 draw+s4 ,w9dsor
 ,ca/le3 ,view ( ! ,r\nd & ,devil's     
,t[]s f ! ,black ,rock 7,plate ,i7 is an
 admirable example ( 8 latt] me?od4 ,!  
draw+ has be5 acquir$ ?r\gh ! ,felton   
,beque/ ,fund1 & n[ hangs 9 ! ,national 
,gall]y ( ,victoria4 ,paul ,s&by 0 = _m 
ye>s ! *ief draw+-ma/] at ! ,royal      
,milit>y ,academy at ,woolwi*4 ,he 0    
also appo9t$ by ,george ,,iii to give   
in/ruction 9 draw+ to 8 sons4  ,! "w (  
,francis ,t[ne has only ( rec5t ye>s    
come to be appreciat$4 ,he belong$ to a 
,devon%ire family1 b ! exact place ( 8  
bir? is n kn[n4 ,he became a fri5d (    
,william ,p>s1 ,a4,r4,a41 f :om he      
receiv$ "s in/ruction 9 draw+1 & also   
w5t ) him to ,rome 9 #aghj4 ,al?\gh he  
sp5t consid]able "t on ! ,cont95t1      
num]\s draw+s by him exi/ ( sc5es 9 8   

native c\ntry4 ,on ! ,d>t 7,plate ,,ii7 
is a good example ( 8 delicate me?od (  
pa9t+4 ,8 special skill lay 9 !         
managem5t ( ev5 p5-l9e & 9 a subtle     
modulation ( col\r ^u a flat surface4   
,among/ ! e>ly topographical m5 0       
,mi*ael 7,angelo7 ,rook]1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,!  
additional ,*ri/ian "n is said to h be5 
giv5 to him by ,paul ,s&by1 "u :om he   
/udi$ = "s "t4 ,he made p$e/rian t\rs   
?r\gh ,engl&1 & execut$ a l>ge numb] (  
draw+s1 :i* are rem>kable = _! accuracy 
& delicate treatm5t1 su* z ! ,village   
,sc5e 7,plate ,,iii74  ,?omas ,he>ne 0 a
 contempor>y ) ,rook]4 ,x 0 a cu/om at  
?is p]iod = topographical arti/s to     
travel abroad ) ,briti% ,embassies to   
=eign c\ntries & ) ,gov]nors to         
,colonial possessions4 ,photography _h n
 yet be5 inv5t$1 & ! draw+s by ^! arti/s
 7 ! only means by :i* ! majority (     
inhabitants ( ?is isl& 7 able to obta9  
"s idea ( places beyond ! sea4 ,he>ne   
w5t to ! ,leew>d ,isles1 z draughtsman  
to ! ,gov]nor1 & produc$ records ( !    

sc5]y !re4 ,aft]w>ds he execut$ a numb] 
( draw+s 9 ?is c\ntry1 "s ( :i* 7       
engrav$ 9 ,antiquities ( ,great ,brita94
 ,view ( ,gl\ce/] 7,plate ,,iv7 is an   
example ( 8 accurate draw+1 ?\gh some:at
 weak 9 col\r+4 ,joseph ,f>+ton1 ,r4,a41
 receiv$ in/ruction 9 draw+ f ,wilson1 &
 8 pa9t+s %[ slight evid5ce ( x1 z may  
be se5 f ! ,scot* ,l&scape 7,plate ,v71 
b he simply copi$ ,nature )\t endu+ 8 "w
 ) any ( 8 ma/]'s poetic reel+4 ,?omas  
,malton1 ,junr41 0 not$ = ! accuracy )  
:i* he drew ar*itectural views1 _m ( !m 
be+ /reet sc5es 9 ,london1 & !y are (   
consid]able value z records4 ,old       
,palace ,y>d1 ,we/m9/] 7,plate ,,vi7 is 
int]e/+ z %[+ build+s on ! nor? side (  
,h5ry ,,vii's ,*apel ( ! ,abbey1 :i* h  
long s9ce be5 demoli%$4 ,he publi%$     
works aquat9t$ by himself1 includ+      
,we/m9/]1 :i* appe>$ 9 #agib4 ,he held  
classes at :i* ,girt9 & ,turn] att5d$4  
,! latt] us$ to say1 ,my e>ly ma/] 0    
,tom ,malton4 ,edw>d ,dayes 0 a v]satile
 arti/2 he pa9t$ ar*itectural subjects1 

into :i* he frequ5tly introduc$ figures1
 su* z ,furness ,abbey 7,plate ,,vii71  
execut$ m9iatures & engrav$ 9 mezzot9t4 
,he also wrote sev]al works on art4     
,buck+ham ,h\se1 ,/4 ,james's ,p>k1 9   
:i* a numb] ( ! beau monde are se5      
prom5ad+ 9 ! p>k1 is "o ( 8 be/ pa9t+s4 
,an engrav+ ( x by ,f4 ,d4 ,soiron1     
produc$ 9 #agic1 "u ! title ( ,prom5ade 
9 ,/4 ,james's ,p>k1 0 v popul>4        
,francis ,:eatley1 ,r4,a41 0 a          
topographical arti/1 b is bett] kn[n z a
 pa9t] ( g5re subjects1 especially by ! 
engrav+s aft] ,! ,cries ( ,london4      
,prep>+ = ,m>ket 7,plate ,,viii7 is a   
good example ( 8 latt] "w1 :i* 0 some:at
 insipid4  ,! reputation ( ,?omas       
,r[l&son1 :o c\ld pa9t l&scapes ) great 
ability1 re/s ^u 8 c>icatures1 :i* 7    
usually drawn 9 outl9e & t9t$4 ,he liv$ 
a some:at dissipat$ life1 & possess$ an 
abundant s5se ( hum\r1 z display$ 9 !   
,entrance to ,vauxhall ,g>d5s 7,plate   
,,ix71 ! not$ place ( amusem5t &        
r5dezv\s ( ! fa%ionable set 9 ! e>ly "p 

( ! la/ c5tury4  ,john ,rob]t ,coz5s1 ! 
son ( ,alex&] ,coz5s1 0 ! fir/ arti/ at 
?is p]iod to break away f ! trammels (  
topography1 & to raise l&scape pa9t+ 9  
wat] col\rs to a bran* ( f9e art4 ,he   
travell$ abroad & /udi$ pr9cipally 9    
,italy & ,switz]l&4 ,! lake ( ,nemi1    
situat$ 9 ! ,campagna1 "s sixte5 miles  
we/ ( ,rome1 & rea*$ by ! fam\s ,via    
,appia1 has always be5 a fav\rite       
subject ) bo? poets & arti/s4 ,ne> !    
nor? rim ( ! worn-out crat]1 9 :i* !    
lake is situat$1 is ! village ( ,nemi1  
surm\nt$ by a f9e old ca/le1 :i* pass$  
?r\gh ! h&s ( _m noble families4 ,pope1 
,byron1 & o!rs h sung ! praises ( !     
lake4 ,turn] has left at lea/ five      
draw+s ( x1 "o ( :i* is engrav$ 9       
,hakewell's ,italy4 ,william ,p>s1      
,ri*>d ,wilson & o!r arti/s ( ! e>ly    
l&scape s*ool also pa9t$ ! sc5e4 ,coz5s 
made _m draw+s ( ,nemi & ! vic9ity4 ,two
 are 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum &   
ano!r is 9 ! ,:itwor? ,in/itute1        
,man*e/]4 ,! pa9t+ 7,plate ,x71 belong+ 

to ,mr4 ,r4 ,w4 ,lloyd1 %[s ! lake )    
,palazzo ,ces>9i on a height by its     
side1 & ! ,campagna 9 ! di/ance4 ,x is a
 f9e example ( ,coz5s' "w treat$ 9 8    
poetic mann]1 & into :i* m col\r ?an    
usual has be5 introduc$4 ,coz5s' la/    
visit to ,italy 0 made 9 #aghb 9 company
 ) ! not$ ,william ,beck=d1 ! au?or (   
,va!k4 ,on 8 return he gradually lo/ 8  
reason4 ,x is pa!tic to ?9k su* 0 ! sad 
end ( a man inspir$ ) su* arti/ic       
tal5ts4 ,z x has already be5 /at$1 he 0 
! pione] 9 exalt+ wat]-col\r pa9t+ to a 
f9e art4 ,8 foot/eps 7 quickly foll[$ by
 ,girt9 & ,turn]4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! two    
arti/s1 h[ dur+ _! e>ly /ruggles !y 7   
befri5d$ by t art patron1 ,dr4 ,?omas   
,monro1 a capable wat]-col\r pa9t]      
himself1 & well qualifi$ to give advice1
 is too well kn[n to ne$ repetition4    
,girt91 dur+ 8 %ort c>e]1 _h no selfi%  
ideas ( keep+ 8 k ( pa9t+ to himself4 ,x
 0 ma9ly due to 8 initiation t a club 0 
/>t$ among/ a small body ( "y arti/s = !
 /udy ( l&scape pa9t+4 ,!y met at ea*   

o!r's h\ses 9 rotation4 ,"o ( its       
prom95t memb]s 0 ,sir ,rob]t ,k] ,port]1
 a pa9t]1 travell] & au?or1 :o aft]w>ds 
m>ri$ a ,russian pr9cess4 ,he 0 liv+1 at
 ! "t1 at #af1 ,great ,newport ,/reet1  
:i* _h =m]ly be5 a resid5ce ( ,sir      
,jo%ua ,reynolds1 & subsequ5tly t ( ,dr4
 ,samuel ,johnson4 ,x 0 9 ?is h\se t !  
fir/ meet+ ( ! club 0 held = ! purpose (
 e/abli%+ by practice a ,s*ool (        
,hi/oric ,l&scape1 ! subjects be+       
designs f poetick passages4 ,writ+ 9 ,! 
,som]set ,h\se ,gazette1 9 #ahbc1 ,w4   
,h4 ,pyne1 "u ! pseudonym ( ,ephraim    
,h>dca/le1 /ates ?is arti/ 7,girt97     
prep>$ 8 draw+s on ! same pr9ciple :i*  
_h hi!rto be5 conf9$ to pa9t+ 9 oil1    
namely1 ) local col\r1 & %ad[+ ! same ) 
! individual t9t ( its own %ad[4        
,previ\s to ! practice ( ,turn] &       
,girt91 draw+s 7 %ad[$ fir/ entirely    
?r\gh\t1 :atev] _! compon5t p>ts--h\ses1
 ca/les1 trees1 m\nta9s1 =e-gr\nds1     
middle-gr\nds1 & di/ances1 all ) black  
or grey1 & ^! objects 7 aft]w>ds /a9$ or

 t9t$1 enri*$ & f9i%$1 z is n[ ! cu/om  
to col\r pr9ts4 ,x 0 ?is new practice1  
introduc$ by ^! di/+ui%$ arti/s1 t      
acquir$ = designs 9 wat] col\r ^u pap] !
 title ( pa9t+s3 a designation :i* _m   
works ( ! exi/+ s*ool decid$ly m]it1 z  
we lately beheld 9 ! ,exhibition ( !    
,pa9t]s 9 ,wat] ,col\rs1 :]e pictures ( 
?is class 7 display$ 9 gorge\s frames1  
be>+ out 9 effect aga9/ ! mass ( glitt]+
 gold z p[]fully z pictures 9 oil4      
,girt9 _h a p>tiality = pa9t+ 9 a l[    
tone ( col\r & frequ5tly on r\gh        
c>tridge pap]1 :i* assi/$ 9 giv+ a      
l>g5ess ( mann] to 8 "w4 ,! ,l&scape    
7,plate ,,xi7 is1 h[ev]1 r5d]$ 9 a      
bright] key ?an 8 usual practice4  ,z   
limitation ( space w n admit ( giv+ any 
acc\nt ( ! life ( ,turn]1 already well  
kn[n1 x may be suffici5t to say t       
,luc]ne3 ,moonlight 7,plate ,,xii7 0    
pa9t$ 9 #ahdc1 & 0 orig9ally 9 !        
collection ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,j4 ,munro (  
,nov>4 ,rusk91 :o calls x a noble draw+ 
9 8 ,notes on 8 ,draw+s by ! late ,j4   

,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1 makes a mi/ake 9 ! title
 & describes x z ,zuri* by ,moonlight4  
,john ,sell ,cotman1 a memb] ( ! ,norwi*
 ,s*ool1 0 ano!r pione] :o did mu* = !  
advancem5t ( wat]-col\r pa9t+4          
,un=tunately1 8 "w 0 n appreciat$ dur+ 8
 c>e]4 ,if he _h liv$ 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury
 he w\ld h _h no cause = ! fits (       
depression to :i* he 0 subject dur+ !   
great] "p ( life4 ,x c be well recognis$
 t 9 ! fir/ half ( la/ c5tury ! public1 
:o 7 ma9ly accu/om$ to c>efully drawn   
topographical sc5es1 fail$ to appreciate
 su* pa9t+s z ! ,classical ,sc5e 7,plate
 ,,xiii71 execut$ ) su* fre$om & vig\r4 
,x 0 rec5tly exhibit$ at ! ,special     
,exhibition ( ,cotman's ,pa9t+s at !    
,tate ,gall]y1 :5 five o!r classical    
l&scape compositions 7 also %[n4        
,cotman's "w 0 n und]/ood4 ,8 pa9t+s1   
bo? 9 oil & wat] col\r1 (t5 only realis$
 less ?an a p\nd apiece4 ,he 0 compell$ 
to resort to tea*+ 9 ord] to support 8  
family4 ,ev5tually1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( 8
 fri5d1 ,lady ,palgrave1 & ! /rong      

support ( ,turn]1 he obta9$ ! po/ (     
draw+-ma/] at ,k+'s ,college ,s*ool1    
,london4 ,8 position !n became m secure4
 ,/ill1 tea*+ boys 9 ! und]gr\nd rooms (
 ,som]set ,h\se c\ld n h be5 inspirit+  
to "o :o ye>n$ to seek ,nature 9 ! op5  
air4 ,he c\ld n exclaim1 l ,old ,crome1 
:5 he ) 8 pupils 0 once met on ! banks (
 ! ,y>e1 ,?is is our academy4 ,he di$ ( 
a brok5 he>t4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5?  
c5tury !re 0 a feel+ among/ ! arti/s :o 
work$ solely 9 wat] col\rs t !y 7 n be+ 
fairly treat$ by ! ,royal ,academy4 ,!y 
7 ineligible to be elect$ memb]s ( t    
body1 & !y 7 ( op9ion t _! works 7 nev] 
plac$ 9 a prom95t position on ! walls ( 
! gall]ies4 ,william ,fr$]ick ,wells1 a 
fri5d ( ,turn] & said to h sugge/$ to   
him ! idea ( produc+ 8 ,lib] ,/udiorum1 
propos$ to 8 fell[ arti/s t !y %\ld =m a
 sep>ate society = ! promotion (        
wat]-col\r pa9t+4 ,aft] consid]able     
negotiations1 t5 arti/s met toge!r 9    
,novemb]1 #ahjd1 & f\nd$ ! ,society (   
,pa9t]s 9 ,wat] ,col\rs4 ,! fir/        

exhibition 0 held 9 ! ,spr+ ( ! foll[+  
ye> at rooms 9 ,l[] ,brook ,/reet4 ,aft]
 v>i\s vicissitudes & _m *anges ( abode 
?is society1 kn[n 9 lat] ye>s z ! ,old  
,society1 ev5tually obta9$ a lease ( !  
premises 9 ,pall ,mall ,ea/4 ,?us1 aft] 
mu* rov+ = sev5te5 ye>s1 a p]man5t home 
0 secur$1 & ! c5t5>y ( ! occupation ( ^!
 gall]ies has j be5 complet$4 ,v>ley &  
,glov] 7 two ( ! orig9al memb]s4 ,de    
,w9t1 ,copley ,field+1 ,david ,cox &    
,samuel ,pr\t 7 subsequ5tly elect$      
,associates1 & aft]w>ds became full     
memb]s4  ,among/ ! f\nd]s ! "n ( ,john  
,v>ley /&s out beyond ! o!rs4 ,he 0 born
 at ,hackney 7see ,plate ,,xiv7 9 #aggh4
 ,receiv+ b little in/ruction 9 art     
besides ! assi/ance giv5 to him by ,dr4 
,monro1 he became a tea*] ( consid]able 
reputation4 ,among/ 8 pupils 7 _m :o    
aft]w>ds became fam\s4 ,to m5tion only a
 few1 !re 7 ,william ,mulready1 :o m>ri$
 8 si/]1 ,copley ,field+1 :o esp\s$ 8   
wife's si/]1 ,w4 ,turn] 7( ,ox=d71      
,david ,cox1 ,william ,h4 ,hunt1 ,oliv] 

,f9* & ,john ,l9nell4 ,v>ley 0 a        
prolific work]1 & contribut$ m ?an sev5 
hundr$ draw+s to ! ,old ,society1 av]ag+
 ab\t =ty works annually4 ,8 /yle 0     
broad & simple1 ) t9ts beautifully laid1
 )\t resort to /ippl+4 ,he wrote "s     
works on draw+ & p]spective4 ,he also 0 
an en?usia/ 9 a/rology1 & compil$ a     
,treatise on ,zodiacal ,physiognomy4    
,john ,glov] 0 a l&scape pa9t] & produc$
 works1 bo? 9 oil & 9 wat] col\rs1 into 
:i* he frequ5tly introduc$ cattle4 ,8   
fa!r hav+ be5 a small f>m] may acc\nt = 
?is p>tiality = animals4 ,9 wat]-col\r  
pa9t+ he foll[$ ! me?ods ( ,william     
,payne1 ! inv5tor ( a grey t9t kn[n z   
,payne's grey1 9 produc+ foliage by     
splitt+ ! hairs ( 8 bru% 9 ord] to give 
a feel+ ( lightness1 & he 0 p>tial to   
sunlight effects 7see ,plate ,,xv74 ,he 
0 ,presid5t ( ! ,old ,society on two    
occasions1 b he resign$ 8 memb]%ip1 s z 
to become eligible = election to !      
,royal ,academy4 ,he fail$ 9 8 object & 
jo9$ ! ,society ( ,briti% ,arti/s4      

,glov] sudd5ly left ,engl& 9 #ahca1 &   
w5t to ! ,swan ,riv] ,settlem5t 9       
,au/ralia4 ,aft]w>ds he remov$ to       
,tasmania1 :]e he di$4  ,pet] ,de ,w9t1 
a desc5dant ( an old m]*ant family (    
,am/]dam1 l ,glov]1 pa9t$ 9 oils & wat] 
col\rs1 b 8 "w 0 f> sup]ior4 ,he select$
 broad & op5 c\ntry = 8 sc5es1 :i* 7    
execut$ 9 a ri* tone ) a t5d5cy to heavy
 uni=m gre54 ,! neighb\rhood ( ,l9coln1 
:]e 8 wife1 a si/] ( ,w4 ,hilton1       
,r4,a41 0 born1 _h special attractions  
to him4 ,/4 ,albans 7,plate ,,xvi7 %[s !
 abbey 9 ! ru9\s /ate x _h become f ! "t
 ( ! ,re=mation4 ,its re/oration 0 n    
comm5c$ until #ahef1 "u ! direction (   
,sir ,gilb]t ,scott1 & complet$ lat] by 
,"l ,grim?orpe4 ,an?ony ,v&yke ,copley  
,field+ belong$ to an arti/ic family4 ,8
 fa!r 0 a pa9t] & ?ree ( 8 bro!rs all   
practis$ art ) success4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/
 fa%ionable draw+-ma/]s ( 8 day1 & a    
/rong support] ( ! ,old ,society4 ,aft] 
be+ treasur] & next secret>y1 he 0      
appo9t$ presid5t 9 #ahca1 :i* po/ he    

reta9$ dur+ 8 life4 ,he 0 a mo/ prolific
 work] & contribut$ ab\t sev5te5 hundr$ 
draw+s to ! ,society's exhibitions1     
besides %[+ at ! ,royal ,academy &      
,royal ,in/itution4 ,at fir/ 8 fav\rite 
subjects 7 lake & m\nta9 sc5]y 7see     
,plate ,,xvii74 ,aft] he took up 8      
resid5ce at ,brighton he turn$ 8        
att5tion to m>9e pa9t+ & depict$ _m     
/orms at sea4 ,x has be5 exagg]at$ly    
said t ,copley ,field+ 0 p]haps !       
greate/ arti/ aft] ,turn] =             
repres5tations ( bread? & atmosph]e4    
,rusk9 also prais$ 8 "w4 ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to
 8 v rapid me?od ( execution !re 0 a    
consid]able sam5ess 9 8 "w4  ,! draw+s  
by ,david ,cox1 al?\gh execut$ 9 an     
app>5tly c>eless mann]1 give a great]   
r5d]+ ( atmosph]ic qualities & (        
irradiation ( light ) a feel+ ( m       
movem5t ?an c be f\nd 9 ! works (       
,field+4 ,cox's e>ly draw+s 7 execut$ 9 
a some:at /iff & re/ra9$ mann]1 ) a     
delicate f9i%1 b aft]w>ds 8 /yle became 
broad & he produc$ ^? breezy effects :i*

 are almo/ unrivall$4 ,boys ,fi%+       
7,plate ,,xviii7 is an excell5t example 
( 8 lat] "w4 ,:5 ,cox return$ to 8      
native t[n1 ,birm+ham1 he devot$ 8      
att5tion to work+ 9 oils1 & ! ,city ,art
 ,gall]y possesses a sup]b collection ( 
8 pa9t+s 9 ?is m$ium4 ,he 0 = ! great]  
"p ( 8 life a tea*] ( draw+1 & he       
publi%$ a ,treatise on ,l&scape ,pa9t+ &
 ,effect 9 ,wat] ,col\rs1 9 :i* 8 views 
are cle>ly /at$499    ,footnote 993 ,!  
,treatise has rec5tly be5 republi%$ z ! 
,special ,autumn ,numb] ( ,! ,/udio4    
,samuel ,pr\t1 "o ( ! num]\s ,devon%ire 
pa9t]s1 also d]iv$ a great "p ( 8 income
 by giv+ in/ruction 9 draw+ & pa9t+4    
,num]\s draw+ copies = /ud5ts 7 produc$ 
by him by means ( s(t-gr\nd et*+4 ,he 0 
at fir/ employ$ by ,john ,britton1 !    
au?or ( ,! ,beauties ( ,engl& & ,wales1 
9 mak+ topographical draw+s = ?is "w4 ,9
 #ahai he w5t to ,norm&y = ! b5efit ( 8 
heal?4 ,!re he turn$ 8 att5tion to      
produc+ ^? pa9t+s ( ca!drals &          
picturesque build+s = :i* he is not$4   

,lat] he travell$ ?r\gh ,g]many &       
,switz]l& to ,italy1 & visit$ ,rome &   
,v5ice 7see ,plate ,,xix74 ,aft]w>ds he 
publi%$ facsimiles ( _m ( ! draw+s      
execut$ dur+ ^! t\rs on ! ,cont95t4 ,!y 
7 produc$ 9 li?ography by himself on !  
/one1 an art 9 :i* he greatly excell$4  
,! ar*itectural draw+s by ,pr\t are     
rem>kable = _! picturesque treatm5t1 r  
?an = correctness ( con/ruction4        
,details are sp>sely indicat$ by ! use (
 a re$ p54 ,bright effects ( light &    
%ade are1 h[ev]1 giv51 & ! introduction 
( gr\ps ( figures add brilliancy to ^!  
pa9t+s4  ,james ,duffield ,h>d+1 l      
,pr\t1 f :om he receiv$ "s lessons1 also
 excell$ 9 li?ography4 ,_m ( 8 pa9t+s 7 
reproduc$ by him 9 a publication entitl$
 ,sket*es at ,home & ,abroad4 ,he visit$
 ,italy on two occasions4 ,vico1 9 !    
,bay ( ,naples1 betwe5 ,ca/ellam>e &    
,sorr5to 7,plate ,,xx71 is an example ( 
8 free mann] ( pa9t+4 ,an engrav+ ( x   
appe>$ 9 ! ,l&scape ,annual 9 #ahcb4 ,he
 0 a memb] ( ! ,old ,society1 & also    

pa9t$ 9 oils4 ,william ,h5ry ,hunt1     
famili>ly call$ ,old or ,billy ,hunt 9 8
 latt] ye>s by 8 fell[ arti/s1 to       
di/+ui% him f ,william ,holman ,hunt1 0 
an arti/ ) a /yle peculi> to himself4   
,he pa9t$ figures1 especially "y ru/ics1
 ) a s5se ( hum\r1 b he is *iefly not$ =
 8 exquisite fruit & fl[] pieces1 :i* 7 
execut$ ) great delicacy & ) a rem>kable
 p[] ( r5d]+ ! effects ( light & %ade on
 ! surface ( ! objects4 ,to obta9 ^! he 
w\ld r\ghly p5cil out1 say1 a gr\p (    
plums1 & ?ickly coat ea* "o ) ,*9ese    
:ite1 :i* w\ld be left to h>d54 ,on ?is 
gr\nd he aft]w>ds pa9t$ 8 col\rs ) a    
sure h&4 ,by ?is means he w\ld obta9 a  
brilliant effect4 ,fur!r1 to enhance x1 
he w\ld make free use ( ! knife on !    
v>i\s surr\nd+s to give a contra/1 & at 
! same "t to produce a feel+ ( texture  
on ! v>i\s surfaces1 s z n to h a       
monoton\s & flat appe>ance4 ,?is me?od (
 scrap+ up portions ( ! surface ( ! pap]
 is cle>ly %[n 9 ,pluck+ ! ,f[l 7,plate 
,,xxi74  ,james ,holl& comm5c$ 8 arti/ic

 c>e] by pa9t+ fl[]s on pott]y at !     
factory ( ,james ,dav5port at ,burslem4 
,he came to ,london & cont9u$ to pa9t   
fl[]s4 ,aft] a visit to ,p>is he devot$ 
himself to l&scapes4 ,subsequ5tly he    
visit$ ,v5ice1 & produc$1 9 bo? oils &  
wat] col\rs1 "s excell5t pa9t+s         
rem>kable = _! brilliant col\r+ 7see    
,plate ,,xxii74  ,james ,bak] ,pyne1    
born at ,bri/ol1 0 a self-taught arti/4 
,he also is not$ = 8 brilliant col\r+1 b
 !re is a want ( solidity 9 8 pa9t+4 ,he
 visit$ ! ,cont95t & travell$ z f> z    
,italy 7see ,plate ,,xxiii74 ,8 l&scapes
 7 *iefly riv] & lake subjects4 ,he     
publi%$ ,! ,engli% ,lake ,di/rict & ,!  
,lake ,sc5]y ( ,engl&1 illu/rat$ )      
li?ographs ( 8 works4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! 
,society ( ,briti% ,arti/s1 & became a  
vice-presid5t4 ,l ,girt91 ! illu/ri\s "y
 pa9t] ,ri*>d ,p>kes ,bon+ton 0 cut (f 9
 life at ! e>ly age ( tw5ty-sev54 ,he 0 
born at ,arnold1 ne> ,nott+ham4 ,:il/   
/ill a boy he 0 tak5 by 8 p>5ts to      
,calais1 :]e he receiv$ "s in/ruction 9 

wat] col\rs f ,francia4 ,lat] ! family  
settl$ 9 ,p>is4 ,"h ,bon+ton resid$ !   
great] "p ( 8 life4 ,he made a few      
visits to ,engl&1 & on ! la/ occasion he
 0 tak5 ill & di$ ( consumption4 ,he    
practis$ at ! ,l\vre & ! ,in/itut1 &    
also receiv$ in/ruction f ,b>on ,gros4  
,8 pa9t+s1 9 oil & wat] col\rs1 7 almo/ 
entirely execut$ 9 ,france2 he1 h[ev]1  
made "o visit to ,italy4 ,9 ,p>is 8     
works 7 *iefly ar*itectural ) /reet     
sc5es1 admirably execut$1 :il/ 8        
l&scapes ) f9e atmosph]ic effects 7see  
,plate ,,xxiv7 display great fre$om 9   
execution4 ,x is some:at rem>kable t    
aft] ,cotman & ,bon+ton _h1 9 ! fir/ "p 
( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 develop$ a /yle s   
greatly appreciat$ at ! pres5t "t1 s _m 
( ! l&scape pa9t]s 9 wat] col\rs 9 !    
e>ly ,victorian era %\ld /ill h adh]$ to
 ! old re/rict$ me?ods4 ,con/able       
ex]cis$ consid]able influ5ce on ! ,fr5* 
l&scape pa9t+ 9 oil1 :il/ ,bon+ton %[$ !
 ,fr5* arti/s ! capabilities ( wat]     
col\rs1 :i* !y did n fail to appreciate4

      ,h4 ,m4 ,cundall4       ,plate ,i 
,,w9dsor ,,ca/le3 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,r\nd 
,,&   ,,devil',s ,,t[]s ,,f ,,! ,,black 
,,rock   by ,paul ,s&by1 ,r4,a4         
7,size1 #aa-c_/d x #ag-a_/d 947         
7,acquir$ by ! ,national ,art ,gall]y ( 
,victoria1 ,melb\rne7     ,plate ,,ii   
,,on ,,! ,,d>t   by ,francis ,t[ne      
7,size1 #g x #i-c_/d 947   7,9 !        
possession ( ,a4 ,e4 ,hutton1 ,esq47    
,plate ,,iii   ,,village ,,sc5e   by    
,mi*ael 7,angelo7 ,rook]1 ,a4,r4,a4     
7,size1 #ad-a_/b x #ah-a_/d 947   7,9 ! 
possession ( ,victor ,ri5aeck]1 ,esq47  
,plate ,,iv   ,,view ,,( ,,gl\ce/]   by 
,?omas ,he>ne   7,size1 #g-a_/b ,x      
#aj-a_/b 947   7,9 ! possession (       
,victor ,ri5aeck]1 ,esq47     ,plate ,v 
,,scot* ,,l&scape   by ,joseph ,f>+ton1 
,r4,a4   7,size1 #bj-c_/d x #cc-c_/d 947
   7,9 ! possession ( ,victor ,ri5aeck]1
 ,esq47     ,plate ,,vi   ,,old ,,palace
 ,,y>d1 ,,we/m9/]1   by ,?omas ,malton1 
,jun4   7,size1 #ac x #ai 947   7,9 !   
possession ( ,r4 ,w4 ,lloyd1 ,esq47     

,plate ,,vii   ,,furness ,,abbey1       
,,lanca%ire   by ,edw>d ,dayes   7,size1
 #bg-a_/b ,x #bj-c_/d 947   7,9 !       
possession ( ,victor ,ri5aeck]1 ,esq47  
,plate ,,viii   ,,prep>+ ,,= ,,m>ket    
by ,francis ,:eatley1 ,r4,a41   7,size1 
#ad x #aj 947   7,9 ! possession (      
,messrs4 ,?os4 ,agnew  ,sons7     ,plate
 ,,ix   ,,entrance ,,to ,,vauxhall      
,,g>d5s   by ,?omas ,r[l&son   7,size1  
#i ,x #ab-g_/h 947   7,9 ! possession ( 
,victor ,ri5aeck]1 ,esq47     ,plate ,x 
,,lake ,,nemi   by ,john ,rob]t ,coz5s  
7,size1 #ad-a_/b ,x #ba 947   7,9 !     
possession ( ,r4 ,w4 ,lloyd1 ,esq47     
,plate ,,xi   ,,l&scape   by ,?omas     
,girt9   7,size1 #ab-a_/d ,x #bj-a_/b   
947   7,9 ! possession ( ,r4 ,w4 ,lloyd1
 ,esq47     ,plate ,,xii   ,,luc]ne3    
,,moonlight   by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1    
,r4,a4   7,size1 #aa-a_/b x #ah-c_/d 947
   7,9 ! possession ( ,r4 ,w4 ,lloyd1   
,esq47     ,plate ,,xiii   ,,classical  
,,sc5e   by ,john ,sell ,cotman         
7,size1 #aa-a_/b x #h-a_/d 947   7,9 !  

possession ( ,g4 ,bell+ham ,smi?1 ,esq47
     ,plate ,,xiv   ,,hackney ,,*ur*    
by ,john ,v>ley   7,size1 #aa ,x #ae 947
   7,9 ! possession ( ,r4 ,w4 ,lloyd1   
,esq47     ,plate ,,xv   ,,view ,,9     
,,nor? ,,wales   by ,john ,glov]        
7,size1 #af-a_/h x #bc 947   7,9 !      
possession ( ,victor ,ri5aeck]1 ,esq47  
,plate ,,xvi   ,,/4 ,,albans   by ,pet] 
,de ,w9t   7,size1 #i-c_/d ,x #ad-a_/b  
947   7,9 ! possession ( ,r4 ,w4 ,lloyd1
 ,esq47     ,plate ,,xvii   ,,lake      
,,sc5e   by ,a4 ,v4 ,copley ,field+     
7,size1 #ab-a_/d x #af-a_/h 947   7,9 ! 
,possession ( ,victor ,ri5aeck]1 ,esq47 
,plate ,,xviii   ,,boys ,,fi%+   by     
,david ,cox   7,size1 #aj-a_/b x        
#ad-a_/b 947   7,9 ! possession ( ,r4   
,w4 ,lloyd1 ,esq47     ,plate ,,xix     
,,palazzo ,,cont>9i ,,fasan ,,on ,,!    
,,gr& ,,canal1 ,,v5ice   by ,samuel     
,pr\t   7,size1 #af-g_/h x #aa-a_/b 947 
7,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum7       
,plate ,,xx   ,,vico1 ,,bay ,,( ,,naples
   by ,james ,duffield ,h>d+   7,size1  

#h-a_/b x #aa-c_/d 947   7,9 !          
possession ( ,victor ,ri5aeck]1 ,esq47  
,plate ,,xxi   ,,pluck+ ,,! ,,f[l   by  
,william ,h5ry ,hunt   7,size1 #ac-c_/d 
x #ad-a_/b 947   7,9 ! possession ( ,r4 
,w4 ,lloyd1 ,esq47     ,plate ,,xxii    
,a ,,%r9e ,,9 ,,v5ice   by ,james ,holl&
   7,size1 #i-c_/d x #f-a_/b 947   7,9 !
 possession ( ,victor ,ri5aeck]1 ,esq47 
,plate ,,xxiii   ,,view ,,9 ,,italy   by
 ,james ,bak] ,pyne   7,size1 #aj-c_/d x
 #ag 947   7,9 ! possession ( ,r4 ,w4   
,lloyd1 ,esq47     ,plate ,,xxiv   ,,ne>
 ,,jumieges   by ,ri*>d ,p>kes ,bon+ton 
7,size #h-c_/d x #ab-a_/d 947   7,9 !   
possession ( ,messrs4 ,?os4 ,agnew      
,sons7          99       99       99    
99       99            99       99      
99       99        99       99       99 
99       99  ,erratum 7not$ by          
transcrib]7    ,ephraim ,h>dca/le       
,ephriam