,,! ,,*ief ,,end ,,( ,,man   ,,by       
,,george ,s4 ,,m]riam     ,,bo/on ,,&   
,,new ,,york  ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,&   
,,company  ,! ,riv]side ,press1         
,cambridge  #ahig     ,copyright1 #ahig1
  ,,by ,,george ,s4 ,,m]riam4  ,all     
rights res]v$4     ,! *ief end (        
man1--to def9e x anew1 & cite ! witness 
( ! ages1 may seem an audaci\s attempt1 
likely to issue 9 failure or 9          
commonplace4  ,by ! s*ol> ?is "w mu/ (t5
 be judg$ z crude1 to ! *ur*man x w     
sometimes seem mis*iev\s1 & to ! man (  
sci5ce x may appe> to lack solidity (   
demon/ration4  ,b its ess5tial purpose  
is to utt] afre%1 ?\gh x be ) /amm]+    
tongue1 ! message ) :i* ! univ]se has   
answ]$ ! s\l ( man :5ev] he li/5$ mo/   
closely & obey$ mo/ fai?fully4  ,x is ! 
assurance t ,fidelity1 ,tru?-seek+1     
,c\rage1 & ,love are ! rightful lords ( 
human life1 & its suffici5t guides &    
int]pret]s4  ,x is ! k t z man is true  
to 8 be/ self he f9ds ! univ]se 8 fri5d4
  ,t message ! see+ eye reads 9 ! face (

 e>?1 & ! li/5+ e> he>s x 9 ! song ( !  
morn+ />s4  ,! w f9ds x z answ] to its  
loyal endeavor4  ,! he>t w9s x ?r\gh    
rapture & ?r\gh angui%4  ,x is our de>e/
 inh]itance1 x is our mo/ ardu\s        
a*ievem5t4  ,x is ! sword ) :i* ea* man 
mu/ conqu] 8 de/9y4  ,x is ! smile ) :i*
 ,beatrice welcomes h] lov] to ,p>adise4
     ,,cont5ts         ,,prologue       
,i4 ,,our ,,spiritual ,,ance/ry    ,,ii4
 ,,! ,,ideal ,,( ,,to-,,day   ,,iii4 ,a 
,,travel]',s ,,note-,,book    ,,iv4     
,,glimpses     ,v4 ,,daily ,,bread      
,,! ,,*ief ,,end ,,( ,,man   ,,prologue 
,x sometimes happ5s t a man is confront$
 by a p]plex+ crisis1 be=e :i* he is q  
at a loss h[ to direct 8 c\rse4  ,8     
famili> rules & habits seem to fail him1
 & 8 p]plexity approa*es dismay4  ,at   
su* a "t1 if 8 previ\s life has be5     
guid$ by purpose & consid]ation1 he may 
p]haps help himself by look+ att5tively 
back at ! /eps by :i* he has hi!rto     
advanc$4  ,he recalls o!r crises1 he    
sees h[ !y 7 met1 & light1 x may be1    

breaks on ! pa? be=e him1 or at lea/ he 
takes fre% he>t & hope4  ,"s su* crisis 
confronts ! ?\ghtful m9d ( ! _w to-day1 
9 ! disappe>ance ( ! old sanctions (    
religion4  ,:5 ! idea ( an au?oritative 
revelation ( div9e tru? has be5 f9ally  
dislodg$1 !re are mom5ts :5 moral *aos  
seems to imp5d4  ,we are /ill upheld by 
old habits & associations1 we are borne 
along by =ces mighti] ?an our cre$s or  
negations1 & ! loyal _s cat*es at mom5ts
 ! deep] voice across ! /orm1 ev5 ?\gh !
 voice be in>ticulate4  ,b x is felt t  
we ne$ to someh[ def9e anew ! rule (    
life4  ,by :at road %all man atta9 8    
supreme desire1--h[ c he be good1 & h[ c
 he be happy8  ,z ! individual seeks    
help 9 look+ back ov] 8 c\rse1 s x may  
help u if we look back a little ov] "s (
 ! significant passages 9 ! movem5t (   
mank9d4  ,hi/ory is to ! race :at memory
 is to ! individual4  ,"o's be/ treasure
 is ! memory ( 8 happy & h]oic h\rs4  ,!
 be/ treasure ( humanity is ! /ory ( its
 happy & h]oic s\ls4  ,let u call be=e u

 "s ( ^!1 & see h[ !y answ]$ ! que/ions 
we ask4  ,foll[+ ?is clew1 we run back  
along ! l9e ( :at may be call$ our      
spiritual ance/ry4  ,turn+ naturally to 
our own next ( k91 a *ild ( ,new ,engl&1
 go+ back f ! tea*+ ( 8 y\? to 8 fa!rs &
 to _! fa!rs1 soon f9ds be=e him !      
,puritan4  ,:5 we /udy ! ,puritan x     
appe>s t he 0 a mo/ composite product1 &
 t j beh9d him1 & ess5tial to ! und]/&+ 
( him1 is ! great m$iaeval *ur*4  ,/udy+
 ! *ur*1 !re is no?+ = x b to g back to 
its f\ndation1 & pond] well ! "o f ^:   
p]son & tea*+ x grew4  ,& to "k at all !
 m9d ( ,jesus we mu/ "k some?+ ( ! m9d (
 ,judaism1 ( :i* he 0 ! *ild4 ,inde$1 ! 
popul> religion ( to-day bases itself   
directly on ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts2 s t
 our l9eage mu/ cle>ly be trac$ f ?is z 
"o ( its orig9s4  ,ano!r anci5t l9e     
attracts u1 by a hi/ory :i* bl5ds )     
,judaism at ! bir? ( ,*ri/ianity1 & by a
 lit]ature :i* is ri* 9 moral treasures4
  ,we mu/ glance at "s ( ! l&m>ks ( !   
,greek & ,roman /ory4  ,& "h our pres5t 

/udy may def9e its b\nds4  ,we w n g    
back to ! progress f ! animal up to man1
 nor survey ! prehi/oric man2 nor w we  
turn aside to ! religions ( ,egypt1     
,arabia1 & ! ,ea/2 & we c b lightly     
glance at ! e>ly ,teutonic p f :om we   
are desc5d$ aft] ! fle%4  ,x w          
suffici5tly s]ve our purpose if we t\* a
 few sali5t po9ts among our m direct    
prog5itors 9 ! life ( ! _s4  ,&1 aft]   
all1 our ri*e/ se>* w be 9 ! ye>s ne>e/ 
ourselves4  ,b no v]sion ( hi/ory simply
 z hi/ory gives an adequate basis = !   
high] life4  ,t life mu/ be work$ out by
 ea* = himself1 equipp$ z he f9ds       
himself by inh]itance & circum/ance1 &  
guid$ l>gely by ! sure & simple laws (  
conduct :i* he drew 9 ) 8 "m's milk4    
,/udy & ?\ght may help a little1 & s su*
 essays z ! pres5t are (f]$ = :atev] !y 
may af=d4 ,( all human /udies1 hi/ory1  
at its be/1--! k ( :atev] ( wor?ie/ !   
pa/ ( mank9d af=ds1--su* hi/ory is ( all
 /udies mo/ delightful & inspir+1 = x is
 ! contact ?r\gh books ) noble s\ls--& !

 t\* ( a great s\l is a natural         
sacram5t4  ,su* hi/ory has significance 
ma9ly z its ev5ts & *>act]s f9d p>allels
 9 ! m9d t reads4  ,! s\l ( to-day1     
cat*+ f ! pa/ ! voices ( prophets &     
lead]s1 ?rills ) a s5se ( k9%ip4  ,!    
/ory ( ,am]ican indep5d5ce means mo/ :5 
! read] has f\ght 8 own ,bunk] ,hill1 & 
w9t]$ at ,valley ,=ge1 & triumph$ at    
,yorkt[n4  ,! dea? ( ,socrates has small
 significance unless some?+ 9 ! read]'s 
he>t answ]s to 8 affirmation t no?+ evil
 c happ5 to a good man1 9 liv+ or dy+4  
,! life ( ,jesus & ! /ory ( ,*ri/ianity 
are mo/ fully und]/ood :5 life's        
exp]i5ce has br\ght ! ,m\nt ( ,vision & 
! ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane1 ! cross & passion1
 ! resurrection1 & ! com+ ( ! ,holy ,_s4
  ,! int]e/ ( ! pres5t /udy is 9 !      
illu/ration ( c]ta9 great spiritual     
laws4  ,^! are laws ( :i* e man may make
 pro( = himself4  ,he may f9d in/ances (
 _! work+ 9 any close obs]vation ( 8    
ne>e/ neighbor1 or 9 read+ 8 newspap]4  
,he may f9d ! cle>e/ exemplification (  

!m 9 /udy+ ! noble/ m5 & wom5 he has    
kn[n1 or1 if 8 life has be5 wor? liv+1 9
 recall+ ! mo/ critical & significant   
passages ( 8 own exp]i5ce4  ,! read+ (  
^! laws is ! late/ & f9e/ result ( !    
exp]i5ce ( ! race4  ,9 _! sub/ance1 !y  
are ackn[l$g$ by all good m54  ,no :olly
 new pa? to goodness & happ9ess is      
likely to be sudd5ly discov]$2 c]ta9ly  
no ess5tially new ideal ( :at k9d (     
goodness & happ9ess we are to seek4  ,! 
sa9ts & h]oes are all ( "o fell[%ip1    
?\gh !y d n all speak ! same language4  
,9 a ^w1 !re are c]ta9 traits ( "* :i*  
all m5 ^: op9ion we value n[ recognize z
 supremely wor?y ( cultivation4  ,to    
seek to "k ?+s z !y really are2 to fit  
our actions to our be/ k2 to con=m 9 ^w 
& act to ! tru? z we see x2 to seek !   
good ( o!rs z well z our own2 to be     
sympa!tic & responsive2 to be op5-ey$ to
 beauty1 op5-he>t$ to our fell[         
creatures2 to be rev]5t & aspir+2 to    
resolutely subject ! l[] elem5ts ( our  
nature to ! high]2 to ta/e frankly &    

freely ! innoc5t joys ( life2 to r5\nce 
^? joys & accept privation1 suff]+1     
dea?1 :5 duty calls1--su* purposes &    
dispositions z ^! are unque/ionably a   
true rule ( life4  ,! ma9 !me to be     
illu/rat$ 9 ^! pages is t ?is ideal &   
rule is 9 itself an all-suffici5t       
pr9ciple4  ,fidelity to ! be/ we "k1 &  
se>* always = ! be/1 is ! natural road  
to peace & joy1 ! sure road to victory4 
,x is ! key :i* op5s to man ! treasury (
 ! univ]se4  ,to en=ce & vivify ?is     
conception1--?is int]pretation ( ! key (
 life z consi/+ 9 fidelity to c]ta9     
ideals ( "*1--we g back to ! memorable  
examples ( ! pa/4  ,we use ^? examples1 
p>tly to %[ h[ ! spiritual laws always  
work$1 ! same ye/]day1 to-day1 & =ev]2 &
 p>tly to %[ h[ z "t advanc$ ! laws h   
be5 und]/ood ) gr[+ cle>ness1 & appli$ )
 gr[+ effectiv5ess4  ,! same />s %one   
above ! sages ( ,*aldea z %9e above u1 b
 our a/ronomy is bett] ?an !irs4  ,!    
sages ( ,greece1 ! prophets ( ,pale/9e1 
! h]oes ( ,rome1 ! sa9ts ( ! ,middle    

,ages1 ! philan?ropi/s & ! sci5ti/s (   
to-day1 ea* made _! special contribution
 to ! spiritual a/ronomy4  ,f age to age
 m5 h read ! heav5s & ! e>? m cle>ly1 & 
s made ( !m a m fri5dly home4  ,j z1    
too1 !re come times ( mom5t\s progress 9
 ! physical _w2 ! e/abli%m5t ( !        
,cop]nican !ory1 ! discov]y ( a new     
cont95t1 ! ma/]+ ( electricity1--s !re  
are p]iods ( swift advance & discov]y 9 
! spiritual life1 & su* a bir?-h\r1 (   
travail & ( joy1 comes 9 our own day4   
,9 ?is ha/y panorama ( ! pa/1 !n1 ! ef=t
 has be5 to give real hi/ory4  ,b e     
/ud5t kn[s h[ transc5d5t & impossible a 
?+ x is to recall 9 its entirety &      
fullness any phase ( ! pa/4  ,ev5 !     
speciali/ c b p>tially op5 a limit$     
prov9ce4 ,s ) :at confid5ce c "o ) no   
pret5sions to orig9al s*ol>%ip1 h[ev] he
 may use ! "w ( deep] /ud5ts1 express 8 
op9ion on any special po9t 9 a survey ( 
?irty c5turies8  ,if1 accord+ly1 any    
compet5t critic %all tr\ble himself to  
convict ! pres5t writ] ( error3 ,?is    

view ( ,epictetus confuses ! e>li] & !  
lat] ,/oics2 or ,?is acc\nt ( ! ,hebrew 
prophets lacks ! late/ fruit (          
rese>*1--or1 o!r l defect1--ackn[l$gm5t 
( su* error z q possible may be freely  
made 9 advance4  ,b1 9 our bird's-eye   
view ( _m c5turies1 any fault ( detail w
 n be s s]i\s z x w\ld be if !re 7 "h   
attempt$ a *a9 ( pro(s1 a =mal          
induction1 to e/abli% f sure premises a 
safe conclusion4  ,only ( a subord9ate  
importance is ! detail ( ?is hi/ory4    
,we say only3 9 ?is way1 or "s way l    
?is1 has be5 ! asc5t4  ,! contribution (
 ! ,/oic 0 ab\t s & s2 ! ,hebrew prophet
 help$ some:at ?us & ?us4  ,b !         
ultimate1 ! ess5tial fact we rea* 9 !   
,ideal ( ,to-day4  ,"h we are on firm   
gr\nd4  ,! law we ackn[l$ge1 ! light we 
foll[1--^! may be express$ ) entire     
cle>ness & confid5ce4  ,! te/ !y invite 
is pres5t exp]im5t4  ,no?+ vital %all be
 /ak$ on f>-away hi/ory or debatable    
metaphysics4  ,9 ! fivefold division ( !
 book1 ,our ,spiritual ,ance/ry is a    

bird's-eye view ( ! ma9 l9e ( advance1  
:i* culm9ates 9 ,! ,ideal ( ,to-,day4   
,a m leisurely retrospect ( c]ta9       
hi/orical passages is giv5 9 ,a         
,travel]'s ,note-,book2 ?\ghts on !     
pres5t aspect are gr\p$ "u ,glimpses2 & 
,daily ,bread introduces a homely &     
famili> treatm5t4     ,i  ,,our         
,,spiritual ,,ance/ry  ,! ideas &       
s5tim5ts :i* und]lie ! high] life ( our 
"t may be l>gely trac$ back to two      
roots1 ! "o ,greek-,roman1 ! o!r        
,hebrew4  ,ea* ( ^! two races _h        
orig9ally a my?ology made up p>tly ( !  
p]sonification & wor%ip ( ! p[]s (      
nature1 & p>tly ( ! deification ( human 
traits or individual h]oes4   ,! high]  
m9d ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 9 :i* !      
di/9ctive notes 7 cle> intellig5ce1 love
 ( beauty1 & practical =ce1 gradually   
broke away altoge!r f ! popul> my?ology1
 & s\ght to f9d 9 reason an explanation 
( ! univ]se & a suffici5t rule ( life4  
,! ,greek-,roman my?ology made only an  
indirect & slight contribution to mod]n 

religion4  ,b ! e?ical philosophy & !   
high] poetry ( ! two peoples belong n   
only to our imm$iate l9eage b to our    
pres5t possessions4  ,a humanity common 
) our own br+s u into close/ sympa?y )  
c]ta9 great p]sonalities ( ?is antique  
_w4  ,diff]5ces ( "t1 race1             
civilization1 are p[]less to prev5t our 
intimate fri5d%ip & rev]5ce = ,hom]1    
,sophocles1 ,socrates1 ,plato1          
,ari/otle1 ,lucretius1 ,epictetus4      
,hom] %[s ! op5+ ( eyes & he>t to ?is   
:ole wond]ful _w ( nature & ( man4      
,sophocles sees human life 9 its dep? ( 
suff]+ & height ( a*ievem5t4  ,he views 
m+l$ spectacle ) pr(\nd rev]5ce1 sure t 
?r\gh x all is work+ "s div9e p[]4      
,goodness is de> to ! gods1 wick$ness is
 abhorr5t to !m4  ,b ! good man is (t5  
unhappy1--f /range inh]itance ( curse1  
or f complication ( ev5ts :i* no wisdom 
c baffle4  ,yet f ! discipl9e ( suff]+  
em]ges ! noble/ "*1 & ov] ! grave itself
 play gleams ( hope1 fa9t b cele/ial4   
,9 ,socrates1 we see ! man :o hav+ 9    

himself atta9$ a solid & noble goodness1
 addresses all 8 p[]s to f9d+ a cle>    
road by :i* all m5 may be l$ into       
goodness4  ,he fir/ prop\nds 9 cle>ness 
! mo/ important "q ( humanity1--h[ %all 
man by reason & by w become ma/] ( life8
  ,plato takes up ! "q aft] him1 &      
foll[s x ) an intellect unequal$ 9 its  
imag9ative flight4  ,plato light$ ! fire
 :i* has burn$ high 9 ! en?usia/s ( !   
_s1--! my/ics1 ! dream]s1 ! ideali/s4   
,ari/otle conf9$ himself to ! homeli]   
prov9ce :]e demon/ration is possible1 & 
laid ! f\ndation ( logic & ( natural    
sci5ce4  ,lucretius resolutely puts away
 f him ! :ole pageant ( fictiti\s       
religion4  ,he sc\ts its t]rors1 &      
scorns to dep5d on unreal consolation4  
,he addresses himself to ! intellectual 
problem ( ! univ]se1 & decides t all is 
rul$ by mat]ial laws4  ,9 ,epictetus man
 rev]ts f ! problem ( ! univ]se to !    
problem ( ! s\l4  ,! beauty ( ! ,greek  
_w has fad$1 ! /]n ,roman _w has tra9$  
its be/ spirits to live ) resolute      

self-ma/]y4 ,! my?ologic gods are no    
long] wor? talk+ ab\t = s]i\s m54 ,b "h 
is ! great actual bus9ess ( liv+1--x c  
be met 9 manly temp]1 & be made a sc5e (
 l(ty satisfaction & s]5e tranquillity4 
,epictetus 0 ! consummate expression ( t
 ,/oic philosophy 9 :i* 7 bl5d$ !       
cle>ness ( ,greek ?\ght & ! au/]ity ( ! 
be/ ,roman life4  ,/oicism rev]t$ f all 
univ]se-s*emes1 spiritual or mat]iali/1 
to ! conduct ( human life :i* ,socrates 
_h prop\nd$ z ! ess5tial !me4  ,! ,/oic 
affirm$ t all good & evil reside = man 9
 8 own w1 & t simply 9 always *oos+ ! "r
 r ?an ! wrong he may f9d supreme       
satisfaction4  ,epictetus expresses ?is 
9 ! con/ant tone ( h]oism & victory4  ,9
 ! m fem99e nature ( ,m>cus ,aurelius ! 
same ideas yield a beautiful fidelity   
along ) a habitual sadness4  ,/oicism 0 
! noble/ atta9m5t ( ! ,greek-,roman _w4 
,x 0 a cle> & fe>less application (     
reason to human life1 ) little attempt  
to solve ! my/]y ( ! univ]se4  ,x gave  
an ideal & rule to ?\ghtful1 robu/1 &   

mascul9e natures4  ,x made small        
provision = ! ignorant1 ! weak1 or !    
fem99e4  ,its wat*words 7 ,reason1      
,nature1 ,w4   ,! di/9ction ( ! ,hebrew 
developm5t 0 t ! high] m9ds took up !   
popul> my?ology1 elevat$ & purifi$ x4   
,! ,hebrew g5ius 0 n intellectual b     
e?ical & emotional4  ,! typical ,hebrew 
guide 0 n a philosoph] b a prophet4     
,?r\gh a developm5t ( _m c5turies !     
popul> religion f poly!i/ic became      
mono!i/ic1 & f wor%ip+ ! sun & fire came
 to wor%ip an embodim5t ( righte\sness &
 ( supreme p[]4  ,an ideal ( "* grew    
up--9 close association ) religi\s      
wor%ip & c]emonial--9 :i* ! c5tral      
virtues 7 ju/ice1 b5evol5ce1 & *a/ity4  
,! s5tim5ts ( ! family1 ! nation1 & !   
*ur* 7 fus$ 9 "o4  ,its outw>d          
expression 0 an elaborate c]emonial4    
,its he>t 0 a passion :i* 9 "o direction
 da%$ ! little prov9ce aga9/ ! :ole p[] 
( ,rome2 9 ano!r *annel1 pres]v$ a p    
intact & sep>ate ?r\gh tw5ty c5turies ( 
disp]sal & subjection2 :ile1 9 ano!r    

aspect1 x gave bir? to ,jesus & to      
,*ri/ianity4   ,jesus 0 "o ( ! great    
spiritual g5iuses ( ! race1--s f> z we  
"k1 ! greate/4  ,! highe/ ideas (       
,judaism he sublimat$1 int5sifi$1 &     
express$ 9 univ]sal =ms4  ,indiff]5t to 
! c]emonial ( 8 p1 he taught t ! ess5ce 
( religion lay 9 _s & 9 conduct4  ,!    
holy & awful ,deity 0 to him a t5d]     
,fa!r4  ,! :ole duty ( man to man 0     
love4  ,*a/ity ( ! body 0 exalt$ to     
purity ( ! he>t4  ,he liv$ close to !   
common p2 taught1 help$1 heal$ !m2      
c>ess$ _! *ildr51 piti$ _! outca/s1 laid
 h&s on ! lep]s1 & calm$ ! insane4  ,he 
brood$ on ! expectation ( "s great      
future :i* e>li] se]s _h impress$ on !  
popul> ?\ght1 & saw z 9 prophetic vision
 ! ne> approa* ( ! p]fect triumph (     
hol9ess & love4  ,ov]%ad[$ by dang]1 8  
hope & fai? m5ac$ z by d5y+ ,fate1 he   
ralli$ f ! %ock1 tru/$ ! unse5 ,p[]1 &  
w5t s]5ely to a m>tyr's dea?4   ,jesus  
_h r\s$ a passion ( p]sonal devotion    
among ! poor1 ! ignorant1 ! true-he>t$  

:om he _h taught & call$4  ,:5 he 0     
dead1 t devotion flam$ out 9 ! ass]tion1
 ,he lives aga96  ,we h se5 him6  ,he w 
spe$ily return6  ,! ,jewi% belief 9 a   
bodily resurrection & a ,messianic k+dom
 gave =m to ?is fai?1 & unb\nd$ love &  
imag9ation gave int5sity & vividness4   
,t ,jesus 0 ris5 f ! dead became !      
c>d9al article ( ! new society :i* grew 
up ar\nd 8 grave4  ,8 moral precepts1 8 
p>ables1 8 acts1 8 p]sonality1--!       
p]sonality ( "o :o 0 alike ! *ild ( ,god
 & ! fri5d ( s9n]s1--^! 7 en%r9$ 9 a new
 my?ology4 ,a society1 en?usia/ic1      
aggressive2 at fir/ divid$ into         
factions2 !n bl5d+ 9 a common cre$ &    
rule ( life2 a loyalty to an invisible  
lead]2 a sangu9e hope ( spe$y triumph1  
cool+ into m remote expectation1 & 9 !  
f9] spirits trans=m+ into a pres5t      
spiritual communion2 a gr[+ elaboration 
( organization1 prie/hood1 ritual1      
my?ology2 a diffusion ?r\gh va/ masses (
 p ( ! new religion1 & a correspond+    
depreciation ( its quality1--?is 0 !    

e>ly /age ( ,*ri/ianity4  ,x vanqui%$ & 
de/roy$ ! ,greek-,roman my?ology1       
already half dead4  ,philosophy /rove ) 
x 9 va91--!re 0 no real meet+-gr\nd     
betwe5 ! two sy/ems4  ,! f9al appeal ( !
 ,/oic 0 to reason4  ,! ,*ri/ian        
!ologians ?\ght !y reason$1 b _!        
argum5tation 0 feeble save at "o po9t4  
,b t 0 ! vital po9t1--exp]i5ce4         
,*ri/ianity1 9 its mixture ( ardor1     
cr$ulity1 & morality _h someh[ a p[] to 
give to common m5 & wom5 a nobility &   
gladness ( liv+ :i* ,/oicism c\ld n     
inspire 9 !m4  ,s x 0 ! wor?i] ( ! two  
antagoni/s t triumph$ 9 ! /rife4        
,ideally1 !re ought to h be5 no /rife4  
,*ri/ianity & e?ical philosophy ought to
 h work$ side by side1 until ! religion 
( ,reason & ! religion ( ,love und]/ood 
ea* o!r & bl5d$ 9 "o4 ,de/9$ !y 7 to    
bl5d1 b n = ?\s&s ( ye>s4  ,! new       
religion brook$ no rivalry & no         
rebellion4  ,x sway$ ! _w despotically1 
b ! beg9n+ & secret ( its p[] 0 t x _h  
captur$ ! _w's he>t4  ,its be/ wat*words

 7 ,fai?1 ,hope1 ,love4  ,9 a ^w1       
civiliz$ mank9d1 hav+ outgr[n ! e>li]   
nature-wor%ip1 & hav+ f\nd ! philosophic
 reason inadequate to provide a satisfy+
 way ( life1 accept$ a new my?ology1    
because x 0 inspir$ by ideas :i* 7      
p[]ful to guide1 to inspire1 & to       
console4  ,= _m c5turies we %all look 9 
va9 = any s]i\s /udy ( human life except
 9 con=mity to ! ,*ri/ian my?ology4   ,!
 ,roman _w 0 subm]g$ by ! invasion ( !  
nor!rn tribes4 ,!re 0 a viol5t collision
 ( peoples1 mann]s1 s5tim5ts1 usages2 a 
subv]sion ( ! luxuri\s1 intellig5t1     
ref9$1 & effete civilization2 a r\gh    
infusion ( b>b>ic vigor & b>b>ic        
ignorance4 ,! m>vel\s conflict1 comm+l+1
 & em]g5ce ( a ?\s& ye>s1 ?r\gh :i* !   
classic society 0 replac$ by ! m$iaeval 
society1 _c ev5 be summ>iz$ 9 ^! brief  
p>agraphs4  ,! po9t on :i* our !me      
requires att5tion is t ! religion ( ?is 
p]iod _h its =m & sub/ance 9 ! ,ca?olic 
*ur*2 & ( ?is *ur* ! tw9 aspects 7 an   
au?oritative gov]nm5t adm9i/]$ by popes1

 c\ncils1 bi%ops1 & prie/s1 & a         
conception ( ! sup]natural _w equally   
def9ite & au?oritative1 :i* dom9at$ !   
intellects & imag9ations ( man ) its    
,hell1 ,purgatory1 & ,heav54  ,! visible
 *ur* & ! invisible _w ( :i* ! *ur* held
 ! int]pretation & ! key1--?is concrete 
fact1 & ?is fai? ! c\nt]p>t ( ! fact1 7 
! bases & pill>s ( ! religion ( ,europe 
= _m c5turies4  ,we are n requir$ to    
balance ! m]its & faults ( ?is m$iaeval 
religion4  ,x 0 a mighty p[]1 s long z x
 comm&$ ! unque/ion+ intellectual ass5t 
( ! _w1 & s long z ^u ! :ole x          
exemplifi$ & en=c$1 beyond any o!r human
 ag5cy1 ! highe/ moral & spiritual      
ideals m5 knew4  ,its supremacy 0 favor$
 by ! complete subord9ation ( all       
intellectual life :i* 0 an incid5t ( !  
b>b>ic conque/ & ! feudal society :i*   
foll[$4  ,ev5 be=e ^? ev5ts ! human     
intellect seem$ to flag4  ,! old        
classicism & ! new ,*ri/ianity nev] s   
w$d$ z to produce ei!r an adequate civic
 virtue or a great intellectual movem5t4

  ,9 ! ,d>k ,ages :i* foll[$1 le>n+     
%rank into ! n>r[ *annels ( ! cloi/]1 & 
lit]ature almo/ ceas$ z a creative =ce4 
,= almo/ a ?\s& ye>s--f ,augu/9e to     
,dante--,europe sc>cely produc$ a book  
:i* has high intr9sic value = our "t4   
,:5 intellectual en]gy woke aga9 9      
,italy & !n 9 ! ,nor?1 ! ecclesia/ical  
conception _h inwr\ght itself 9 human   
?\ght4  ,along ) au?ority & dogmas !re  
develop$ an elaborate c]emonial1 appeal+
 ?r\gh ! s5ses to ! imag9ation & !      
spiritual s5se4 ,= ! multitude x involv$
 a habitual confusion ( ! symbol ) !    
sub/ance ( religion4  ,9 an age :5 !    
highe/ m9ds liv$ 9 an atmosph]e ( pr(\nd
 ignorance1 & philosophy 0 *ildi%1 !re 0
 wr\ght out ! full doctr9e ( ! ,mass &  
its accompanim5ts1--a lit]al            
trans=mation ( ! bread & w9e ( !        
sacram5t into ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1   
p[]ful to imp>t a sav+ grace4  ,! p[] to
 "w ?is miracle 0 ! supreme weapon ( !  
prie/hood4  ,we may glance at ! m$iaeval
 religion 9 its culm9ation 9 ! ?ree     

figures ( ,dante1 ,francis ( ,assisi1 & 
,?omas  ,kempis4   ,kempis %[s religion 
fl$ f ! active _w ) its /rifes &        
temptations1 s$ul\sly cultivat+ a pure1 
dev\t1 unworldly virtue2 fe$+ on !      
contemplation ( heav5ly spl5dors &      
inf]nal horrors2 self-c5tr$ & +lori\s4  
,! opposite type is ,frances1 a joyful  
prophet ( glad tid+s to ! poor2 ard5t1  
sympa!tic1 h]oic2 t\*$ ) ! beauty (     
nature & ! appeal ( ! animal creation2  
exalt+ simplicity & pov]ty l an anci5t  
philosoph]2 seek+ ! ne$y & sorr[ful l   
,jesus ( ,naz>e?2 b ) no spiritual      
orig9ality l ,jesus1 no p[] to create a 
new religion2 /rong only to revive ! be/
 elem5ts ( ! traditional fai?1 & to     
organize a society :i* erelong sank back
 to ! g5]al level ( ! *ur*4  ,dante is  
an embodim5t ( m$iaeval belief 9 its mo/
 sublime & int5se phase4  ,he has mu* ( 
! temp] ( ! ,hebrew psalmi/1 9 8        
trem5d\s love & hate1 8 patriotism1 8   
sorr[1 8 que/ = ! highe/4  ,?is va/     
spiritual passion f9ds its expression & 

satisfaction 9 an invisible _w1 :i*     
promises 9 a future exi/5ce ! supreme   
triumph & reign ( a div9e ju/ice1 wra?1 
& pity1 & = :i* ! visible _w is b       
ante*amb] & probation4  ,dante %[s !    
culm9ation ( sup]natural ,*ri/ianity1 b 
he has some?+ fur!r4  ,! guide ( 8      
pilgrimage1 ! /> ( 8 hope1 ! inspiration
 ( 8 life1 is a woman1--lov$ )          
sublimation & t5d]ness1 lov$ bett] aft] 
h] dea?1 & felt z ! liv+ l9k betwe5 !   
se5 & unse5 worlds4  ,?us at ! he>t ( ! 
old sup]naturalism is ! g]m ( a new     
conception1 9 :i* human love sanctifi$  
by dea? becomes ! reveal]4  ,9 ,dante we
 feel t ! projection ( human int]e/ to  
an unse5 & future _w has rea*$ its fur!/
 limit4  ,! m9d ( man mu/ ne$s rev]t to 
"s ne>] home & sph]e4  ,& closely foll[+
 ,dante we see 9 ,engl& a gr\p ( figures
 :o betok5 ! return4  ,!re is ,*auc]1   
display+ ! v>i\s en]gy & joy & humor (  
e>?ly life4 ,!re is ,pi]s ,pl[man1 %[+ !
 grim obv]se ( ! m$al1 ! h>d%ip & woe ( 
! poor4  ,wyclif insi/s on a p]sonal    

religion1 ^: au/]e edge turns aga9/     
ecclesia/ical pret5se & social wrong2 & 
he applies reason s d>+ly t x cuts at ! 
v c5tre ( ! *ur*'s dogma1 9 d5y+        
,transub/antiation4  ,a little e>li] we 
see ,rog] ,bacon mak+ a fre% beg9n+ 9 ! 
exp]im5tal philosophy :i* _h be5 slight$
 = c5turies4  ,^! f\r are ! precursors  
respectively ( ! purely human view1 z 9 
,%aksp]e1 ( ! elevation ( ! poor1 (     
,prote/antism1 & ( natural sci5ce4   ,z 
pagan my?ology1 ,/oicism1 & ,judaism all
 7 sup]s$$ by e>ly ,*ri/ianity1 z t 9   
turn 0 succe$$ by m$iaeval ,ca?olicism1 
s ano!r /age has br\ght u to ! religion 
( to-day4  ,! lead+ features ( ?is la/  
transition may be summ>ily sket*$1 we   
may !n glance at c]ta9 gr\ps ( figures  
illu/rat+ ! advance 9 its successive    
p]iods1 & s we %all come to ! ideal ( ! 
pres5t4  ,! religi\s transition ( ! la/ 
f\r c5turies is 9 "o aspect m>k$ by !   
wan+ ( au?ority & ! gr[? ( individual   
fre$om2 & 9 ano!r aspect x is !         
sub/itution = a sup]natural ( a natural 

conception1 or1 we may say1 9 place ( a 
divid$ & w>r+ univ]se1 a h>moni\s       
univ]se4  ,9 ?is d\ble progress t[>d    
individual lib]ty & t[>d a new way (    
?\ght1 a conspicu\s ag5cy has be5 !     
advance ( k4 ,connect$ ) ! advance ( k  
has be5 an improvem5t ( ! actual        
conditions ( human life4  ,meantime !   
e?ical s5se & ! spiritual aspiration (  
mank9d h ass]t$ !mselves1 sometimes z   
sl[-work+1 p]man5t =ces1 sometimes 9    
revolution>y upheaval4 ,) *ange bo? (   
mat]ial condition & ( ways ( ?\ght1 new 
=ms ( s5tim5t & aspiration h appe>$1--a 
wid] & t5d]] humanity2 a rev]5ce = !    
ord] ( nature & dep5d5ce ^u ! /udy ( t  
ord] = human progress2 a consci\sness ( 
! sublimity & beauty ( nature z a div9e 
revelation2 a reliance ^u ! p[]s &      
intuitions ( ! human _s z its only &    
suffici5t guides2 a r$iscov]y "u natural
 & univ]sal =ms ( ! fai? & hope :i* 7   
once suppos$ insep>ably b\nd up )       
ritual1 dogma1 & miracle1 b :i* n[ :5   
giv5 fre] w+ f9d firm] support & l(ti]  

scope4  ,along ) ^! =ces has gone !     
/eady pu% ( human nature = enjoym5t1 =  
ease1 = p[]2 ! grasp ( man = all he c   
get ( :atev] seems to him ! highe/ good4
  ,!re h be5 mutual injuries1           
degradations1 retrogressions1 su* z d>k5
 all ! pages ( human hi/ory2 ! manife/  
evil :i* (t5 defies all int]pretation1 &
 :i* only a pr(\nd fai? c reg>d z good 9
 ! mak+4  ,toge!r ) ^! influ5ces we mu/ 
also reckon ! special action ( /rong    
p]sonalities4  ,no %>p l9e c be drawn   
betwe5 ^! v>i\s p[]s1--_! int]play is   
con/ant4  ,! ma9 argum5t ( ! drama1 f ! 
m$iaeval to ! pres5t phase1 may be      
briefly %[n4   ,into ! _w z ,dante knew 
x came ,k on ?ree great l9es1--op5+ !   
mat]ial univ]se1 r$iscov]+ a lo/        
int]pretation ( life1 & diffus+ !       
secrets ( ! few among ! _m4  ,!         
a/ronom]s1 voyag]s1 & geograph]s f\nd   
out a new heav5 & a new e>?4  ,! revival
 ( ,greek lit]ature gave to ! cultivat$ 
class a r5aissance1 a rebir?1 (         
speculative ?\ght1 ( intellectual       

beauty1 ( delight 9 human activities =  
_! own sake4  ,x 0 a new bir? 9 "s ( !  
old pagan s5suality1 skeptical ( heav5  
or hell2 worse ?an ! old s5suality      
because x trampl$ d[n ! f9] purity :i*  
,*ri/ianity _h br$4  ,9 o!rs x 0 a new  
bir? to ! pursuit ( moral & social good1
 inspir$ by ! ma/] spirits ( ,judaism & 
e>ly ,*ri/ianity4  ,!n came ! inv5tion (
 pr9t+1 & ! ari/ocracy ( intellig5ce    
wid5$ rapidly t[>d democracy4  ,! =emo/ 
m5 ( ! new k support$ ! ,ca?olic *ur*1  
ei!r z a cov]t = indulg5ce or z a       
spiritual ag5cy to be ma9ta9$ & purifi$4
  ,! successful rebel aga9/ ! *ur* 0 a  
peasant-prie/1 :o revolt$ because !     
moral uns\ndness :i* long _h sapp$ !    
hi]>*y ran at la/ into op5 c\nt5ance (  
vice4  ,x 0 orig9ally a moral revolt1 & 
x 0 l$ by a man :o knew 9 8 own exp]i5ce
 t n only ! e?ical b ! emotional life ( 
! _s 0 possible )\t dep5d5ce on ! *ur* (
 ,rome4  ,b nei!r ,lu!r nor any ( !     
re=m]s 7 m5 ( spiritual orig9ality4     
,driv5 to con/ruct a new cre$1 !y simply

 work$ ov] ! old dogmas1 dive/+ !m ( !  
keys ( prie/ly p[]--! ,mass1 !          
confessional1 absolution1 ,purgatory1 & 
! l2 & giv+ infallible au?ority to !    
,bible only4  ,a w> ( cre$s foll[$1 m+l$
 ) a /rife ( ambitions & a /ruggle      
betwe5 ! p[]s ( ! secul> /ate & ( !     
hi]>*y4  ,to m5 ( piety & peace l       
,erasmus & ,melan*?on x seem$ z if      
religion 7 only a los] by ! long p]iod (
 blood%$ & bitt]ness t foll[$4  ,! ga91 
z we see x1 0 t half ( ,europe 0 wre/$ f
 ! dom9ion ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*2 t t *ur* 0
 driv5 to purify its morals2 & t 9 !    
,prote/ant /ates ! lib]ty :i* at fir/ 0 
only a *ange ( ma/]s spread gradually1 z
 "o sect aft] ano!r e/abli%$ its        
foo?old1 & z ! secul> temp] 9 ! /ate    
rose above ! ecclesia/ical1 until !     
religi\s fre$om ( ! individual is at la/
 becom+ g5]ally & securely e/abli%$4    
,only by ?is ov]?r[ ( ecclesia/ical     
au?ority 0 r5d]$ possible t un*eck$     
fre$om ( intellectual inquiry :i* has   
be5 ! great positive factor 9 mod]n     

advance4  ,/ep by /ep m5 h le>n$ to "k !
 condition1 ! hi/ory1 ! natural laws ( !
 mat]ial _w 9 :i* !y live & ! social _w 
( :i* !y are a "p4  ,! be>+ ( ?is gr[+ k
 on ! conception ( ! spiritual life has 
be5 v>i\s1--seem+ = a :ile to lie :olly 
ap>t f x2 !n at times m5ac+ its exi/5ce 
or contract+ its scope2 aga9 arm+ x )   
p[]ful weapons & enl>g+ its ideals4  ,( 
! late/ *apt]s 9 ! /ory ( sci5ce1 "o has
 retold ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity1 dive/$ x 
( miracle & revelation1 & translat$ x   
into purely natural & human t]ms4       
,ano!r *apt] has fix$ ! g5]al tr5d ( !  
univ]se kn[n to man z an ev] advanc+ &  
broad5+ movem5t1 "u ! "n ( ,evolution4  
,amid all ^! *anges ! ,*ri/ian *ur* has 
cont9u$ to pres5t its ideals1 precepts1 
incitem5ts2 p>tly affirm+ !m 9          
contradiction ( all d5ial1 p>tly adapt+ 
!m to ! *anges ( "t & ?\ght4  ,! moral &
 spiritual int]pretation ( life has n   
be5 conf9$ to ! *ur*1 b has be5 voic$ 9 
ea* g5]ation by poets1 morali/s1 re=m]s1
 /atesm51 ea* aft] 8 ?\ght4  ,out ( !   

conflict & confusion a sub/antial       
agreem5t & h>moni\s ideal is at la/     
appe>+4  ,m cle>ly & confid5tly 9 our   
day ?an ev] be=e ! univ]se may be se5 & 
felt by man z a ,cosmos1--a beautiful   
ord]4   ,?is bird's-eye view w gr[ m    
di/9ct & vivid if we /udy c]ta9 typical 
figures :i* gr\p !mselves z !           
repres5tatives ( succe$+ g5]ations4     
,our conv5tional division ( c5turies w  
s]ve z a conv5i5t framework = f\r gr\ps4
  ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury we h ,sir ,?omas  
,m1 unit+ ! highe/ virtue ( ! *ur* ) !  
cle>e/ intellig5ce ( ! new ?\ght1 &     
sett+ =? 9 ,utopia ! ideal to be        
s\ght1--n m]e individual salvation1 n an
 ecclesia/ical fold1 b a human          
commonweal? ( free1 happy1 & virtu\s    
citiz5s4  ,in/ead ( ! peaceful gr[? (   
su* a society1--made impossible by      
selfi%ness1 ignorance1 & passion1--comes
 social upheaval & religi\s revolution1 
its c5tral figure ! burly1 h]oic1       
great-he>t$ ,lu!r2 by turns a rebel & a 
cons]vative2 lead+ ! successful revolt (

 ,teutonic ,europe aga9/ ,rome1 b leav+ 
recon/ruction to o!r h&s4  ,!n we h     
,calv91 ! build] ( ! cre$ (             
,prote/antism2 9 its sub/ance little b a
 symmetrical /atem5t ( m$iaeval ideas1 b
 re/+ its appeal n on au?ority1 b logic2
 or1 m exactly1 on ! au?ority ( a book1 
:i*1 hav+ no long] an infallible        
int]pret]1 mu/ be judg$ by human reason 
z to its cont5ts & at la/ z to its      
nature & orig94  ,?us1 unconsci\sly1    
,calv9 initiat$ a religi\s democracy &  
ultimately a religion ( reason2 :ile = !
 "t he e/abli%$ a cre$ m au/]e & grim   
?an ! ,ca?olic4  ,opposite him /&s      
,loyola1 ! reviv] ( ,ca?olicism1 infus+ 
x ) a new h]oism & self-sacrifice2      
reaffirm+ & int5sify+ its au?ority2     
scornful ( speculation1 p[]ful 9        
organization2 zealot1 mission>y1        
educator2 giv+ to ecclesia/ical ob$i5ce 
an add$ emphasis1 to organization a new 
=ce4   ,= a typical gr\p 9 ! next       
c5tury1 let u take ,francis ,bacon1     
lead+ ! human intellect away f          

ab/ractions & f o!r worlds to ! close1  
intellig5t /udy ( ! mat]ial _w 9 :i* m5 
live4 ,beside him /&s ,%aksp]e1 read+ ! 
_w ( humanity ) eyes nei!r bias$ by cre$
 nor sublim$ by fai?2 portray+ ) m>vel\s
 range ! joys1 sorr[s1 humors ( mank9d2 
%[+ on 8 imp>tial canvas a true         
humanity1 f> diff]5t f ! fictiti\s sa9t 
& fictiti\s s9n] ( ! !ologian2 %[+1 z ) 
! tru? ( nature1 virtue 9 h] %ape h[    
lovely2 b ) no consolation beside !     
grave1 no satisfy+ ideal = man's pursuit
 nor rule = man's guidance4  ,ne> him we
 see ! ,%aksp]e ( div9es1 ,j]emy        
,taylor2 he1 too1 is close to !         
realities ( life1 b he is plant$ firm on
 ! belief 9 a sup]natural revelation (  
,god1 ,*ri/1 & a h]eaft]1 & = ^? :o s   
believe (f]s a simple1 noble way ( ,holy
 ,liv+ & ,dy+4  ,9 ,cromwell is embodi$ 
! attempt ( extreme ,prote/antism to    
m\ld society & ! /ate by ! au?ority ( a 
sup]natural religion4  ,! ,puritan cre$ 
= :i* he /&s is a mixture ( ,hebraic &  
,calv9i/ic elem5ts2 ! ,puritan temp] is 

at its be/ h]oic & au/]e1 made despotic 
by its confid5ce ( div9e au?ority1 & by 
its sup]naturalism made indiff]5t to !  
new sci5ce & to ! v>i\s elem5ts ( human 
nature on :i* /atesman%ip mu/ build4    
,its political sway is brief1 its       
effects on ,engli% & ,am]ican "* are    
la/+4  ,9 ! next c5tury ! ma/] m9ds /&  
outside ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,voltaire assails
 ! :ole ecclesia/ical & sup]natural     
fabric ) t]rible weapons ( h>d s5se &   
d]ision4  ,= ! t>get ( 8 arr[s he has a 
*ur* at once corrupt1 tyrannical1 &     
weak1 & a cre$ :i* ! be/ intellig5ce has
 outgr[n4  ,he he>tily sc\ts ! *ur*1    
dogma1 miracle2 admits a vague ,deity & 
a possible h]eaft]1 b c>es little = !m2 
is fe>less1 jovial1 g5]\s1--a rollick+1 
com=table1 =midable apo/le ( negations4 
,into ! vacuum he creates comes         
,r\sseau1 & at 8 t\* !re well up aga9   
deep f\nta9s ( feel+1 belief1 desire4   
,r\sseau1 too1 has left beh9d him ! *ur*
 & its dogmas2 b he craves love1 joy1   
action1 & f9ds scope = !m4  ,he delights

 9 nature's beauty1 & x is ! symbol to  
him ( a ,god 9 :om !re rema9s ( !       
,*ri/ian ,deity only ! elem5t (         
b5efic5ce4  ,he exhorts m5 to return to 
nature1 b x is a some:at unreal nature1 
a dream ( primeval innoc5ce &           
simplicity4  ,he idealizes ! family     
relation1 & br+s wisdom & g5tl5ess to ! 
tra9+ ( ! *ild4  ,he lacks ! ,hebraic & 
,puritan /ress on consci5ce2 ! mild     
b5evol5ce ( 8 ,deity is some:at remote f
 ! e?ical ne$ ( man & f ! actual        
proc$ure or ! univ]se2 ,r\sseau himself 
is ta9t$ ) s5suality1--a diseas$1       
suff]+1 pa!tic nature1 ) sweet /r+s     
jangl$1 wor?y ( pity & ( gratitude4  ,9 
,france1 ! highe/ intellig5ce 0 at w> ) 
e/abli%$ in/itutions1--! ,encyclopa$i/s1
 ,voltaire1 ,r\sseau1 aga9/ ! ,ca?olic  
*ur* & ! reign+ au?orities3 on ! "o side
 p]secution1 b gr[+ feeble2 on ! o!r    
side d]ision or evasion or attack4  ,9  
,engl&1 a l>ge measure ( civil &        
religi\s fre$om gave ! intellectual     
combatants a fair] field & a mild]      

temp]4  ,! ,engli% g5ius %[$ itself z   
practical1 matt]-(-fact1 & mod]ate4     
,sup]natural ,*ri/ianity 0 attack$ &    
def5d$2 aga9/ ! assault on ! miracles ! 
def5se 0 really a %ift+ ( ! gr\nd1 & an 
insi/5ce z by ,butl] on an e?ical ord] 9
 ! obs]v$ work+s ( ! _w1 :i* gives a    
sort ( analogue & support to ! ,*ri/ian 
s*eme ( future retribution4  ,9         
speculative ?\ght ! prevail+ s*ool1 z 9 
,locke1 approa*$ reality f ! side (     
s5se-k1 till ,hume %[$ h[ ?is road l$ to
 a d5ial ( miracle & 9 philosophy to a  
fundam5tal skepticism4  ,b]keley rev]t$ 
to ! ideal philosophy1 & !re seem$ b a  
cont9uance ( ! et]nal seesaw (          
metaphysics4  ,9 ,g]many1 ,kant sank 8  
plummet deep]4  ,he f\nd inde$ 9 ! work+
 ( ! pure intellect an outcome (        
self-contradiction4  ,b he recogniz$1 z 
! mo/ c]ta9 guide to reality :i* man's  
inn] _w af=ds1 ! comm&+ s5se ( duty1--! 
moral imp]ative2 & ?r\gh ?is he f\nd !  
pres5ce & ! au?oritative voice ( a moral
 deity4  ,goe! liv$ ?r\gh a ri* & v>i\s 

exp]i5ce1 ( book-culture1 emotion1      
conv]sance ) m5 & affairs1 9 ! attitude 
( an explor] & obs]v]1 unb\nd by cre$s1 
b op5 to all tea*+ f pa/ records or     
pres5t impressions4  ,! projection ( ?is
 exp]i5ce 0 an ideal ( life :i* gave    
l>ge scope to all human faculties1--to  
k1 pleasure1 passion1 s]vice1--"u a wise
 self-control1 & ) !oretical allegiance 
to a moral law & a future hope n unlike 
! law & ! hope ( ,*ri/ianity4  ,x 0 an  
ideal :i* appeal$ only to ! man (       
intellectual habit1 & :i* lack$ ! note (
 h]oism & self-sacrifice4  ,x 0 !       
opposite quality1 ! passion (           
self-=getful s]vice1 :i* won =          
,*ri/ianity its mo/ notable triumph 9   
?is c5tury1 9 ! movem5t l$ by ,john     
,wesley4  ,9 ,wesley1 ,prote/antism came
 back to ! rescue ( ! poor1 z           
,ca?olicism came back 9 ,francis (      
,assisi4  ,among ! peasants & colli]s ( 
,engl&1 among ! backwoodsm5 ( ,am]ica1  
swept an uplift+ wave ( love1 joy1 &    
hope4  ,jona?an ,edw>ds did ,*ri/ianity 

! s]vice ( c>ry+ ,calv9ism to its       
logical extreme1 & %[+ :at x really     
meant4 ,he />t$ 9 ! ,new ,engl& m9i/ry a
 /r5u\s speculation1 :i* 0 n to re/ till
 x de/roy$ ! f\ndation f :i* he work$4  
,! hell z to :i* com=table *ur*m5 7     
gett+ sil5t1 he pa9t$ 9 su* lurid colors
 t reaction & ultimate revolt 7         
necessities ( human nature4 ,! life (   
hol9ess & love--9 himself a mo/ g5u9e   
reality--he def9$ 9 su* t]ms (          
introspection & self-consci\sness1 t !re
 op5$ a wide gulf betwe5 ! =ms (        
religion & ! mo/ /urdy & natural virtue 
( ! "t4  ,t /urdy & natural virtue 0    
embodi$ 9 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91--9 all ?is  
eighte5? c5tury ! be/ type & h]ald ( !  
com+ developm5t ( man4  ,frankl9 inh]it$
 ! *>act]i/ic virtue ( ! ,engli%man & ! 
,puritan2 he />t$ 9 gr\nd :i* ,puritan &
 ,quak] _h f]tiliz$1 & :5 ! fire ( !    
e>ly zeal _h cool$2 he work$ out !      
problem ( life = himself ) great        
indep5d5ce & entire good s5se4  ,aft] a 
few vag>ies & "s :olesome buffet+1 he   

det]m9$ t moral p]fection 0 ! only      
satisfy+ aim4  ,b in/ead ( proclaim+ 8  
discov]y z a gospel1 he quietly utiliz$ 
x = 8 p]sonal guidance4  ,he _h a ke5   
eye = all utility2 he c>v$ out 8 own    
=tune2 he e>ly id5tifi$ 8 own happ9ess )
 t ( ! p ar\nd him1 & s]v$ ! community )
 dis9t]e/$ fai?fulness ?r\gh a long     
life4  ,t unselfi% b5efic5ce1 ( :i*     
,goe! ?\ght a s+le in/ance 0 en\gh to   
save 8 h]o f ! fi5d to :om he _h fairly 
=feit$ 8 selfi% s\l1 0 ! habit (        
,frankl9's lifetime4  ,he f\nd ! ample  
sanctions & rew>ds ( virtue 9 ! pres5t  
_w1 ?\gh he held a *e]ful hope ( some?+ 
beyond4 ,9 ! /udy ( ?is _w's laws1 he   
saw1 lay ! be/ road to human success4   
,he recogniz$ ! homely virtues ( indu/ry
 & ?rift1 on :i* ! "y ,am]ican society  
_h work$ out its real /r5g?1 & assign$  
to !m ! fundam5tal place1 in/ead ( t    
my/ic & introspective piety :i* !       
,calv9i/ made 8 corn]-/one4  ,he took ! 
lead 9 p5etrat+ ! secrets ( nature1 & n 
less 9 m\ld+ & guid+ ! infant nation4   

,if 8 virtue 0 prud5tial r ?an h]oic1 8 
prud5ce 0 close to t l>ge wisdom :i* is 
a "r appreh5sion ( all ! facts ( life4  
,only ! realm ( ! poet1 ! my/ic1 ! ard5t
 lov]1 lay beyond 8 k54  ,he /&s side by
 side ) ! gr& & magnanim\s figure (     
,wa%+ton1--! tw9 f\nd]s ( ! ,am]ican    
republic4   ,! complexity & onru% ( !   
n9ete5? c5tury may be 9 "s degree made  
cle> if we fix our eyes on c]ta9 typical
 gr\ps ( m5 :om we may classify "u !    
aspects ( ,k1 ,philosophy1 ,lit]ature1  
,prote/antism1 ,ca?olicism1 ,social     
,ideals1 ,p]sonal ,ideals4  ,reg>d+ "u  
,k :at may fairly be consid]$ z solid & 
irrev]sible acquisition1--! g5]al       
movem5t ( humanity has receiv$          
conspicu\s int]pretation by ,d>w91 :o by
 mo/ pati5t inve/igation discov]$ at    
lea/ approximately ! pa? by :i* man has 
be5 develop$ out ( ! l[] animal =ms4    
,sp5c] has %[n1 by a va/ g5]alization ( 
facts1 ! work+ ?r\gh\t all realms (     
exi/5ce kn[n to man ( c]ta9 common      
t5d5cies--( v>iation & new & specializ$ 

=mation4  ,ap>t f all debatable !ories (
 psy*ology & metaphysics1 he & a ho/ (  
o!r /ud5ts 9 ! same direction h discov]$
 clews by :i* ! gr[? ( human societies &
 _! individual memb]s c be 9 "s degree  
trac$ "u g5]al laws4  ,9 ano!r dep>tm5t 
( k ! sacr$ hi/ories ( ,*ri/ianity h be5
 giv5 a new read+ by s*ol>s1 among :om  
,/rauss1 ,baur1 & ,r5an are conspicu\s4 
,! g5]al result has be5 to %[ t ^!      
scriptures are purely human docum5ts1 & 
! p]sonages !y describe are purely      
human4  ,?r\gh ! gospel hi/ories ,/rauss
 ran 8 critical !ory l a pl[%>e ?r\gh a 
field ( daisies4  ,he %[$ especially !  
g5esis ( _m ( ^! /ories by imag9ation   
work+ creations out ( ,old ,te/am5t     
texts4  ,baur l$ ! way 9 discov]+ by    
m>vel\s analysis ! composite influ5ces  
:i* help$ to %ape ! apo/olic hi/ories 9 
! int]e/ ( p>ty or ( piety4  ,r5an      
reillum9$ ! sc5e :i* 8 pr$ecessors seem$
 to conv]t into a dre>y wa/e1 by        
reconceiv+1 ) erudition illum9$ by g5ius
 & sympa?y1 ! p]sonality ( ,jesus (     

,naz>e? z a human "*1 n[ise infallible1 
b a sublime lead] ( ! race4  ,:ile      
,*ri/ianity has ?us be5 br\ght to !     
level ( a natural religion1 its old-"t  
adv]s>ies1 ! o!r _w-religions su* z     
,buddhism1 ,brahmanism1 ,islamism1 h be5
 %[n by sympa!tic /ud5ts to be va/ upw>d
 essays ( mank9d t[>d tru? & goodness4  
,t no religion is h&$ d[n complete f    
heav51 & t all religions are expressions
 ( human aspiration & ef=t1 is com+ to  
be accept$ z axiomatic4  ,turn+ f       
well-e/abli%$ k to !oretical s*emes ( ! 
univ]se1 ! ?ree typical names 9 ?is     
c5tury are ,hegel1 ,comte1 & ,sp5c]4    
,hegel /ood = ! int]pretation ( all     
exi/5ce 9 t]ms ( man's inn] _w--?\ght & 
be+ are reg>d$ z id5tical1 & ! movem5t (
 ?\ght1 express$ by a new k9d ( logic1  
becomes int]pret] ( ! developm5t ( !    
univ]se4  ,9 absolute revulsion f ?is   
t5d5cy1 ,comte 9 8 _w-s*eme reject$     
metaphysics & !ology alike z belong+ to 
! infantile /age ( man1 & recogniz$ z   
legitimate only ! positive k :i* sci5ce 

af=ds4  ,= ! emotional & e?ical ne$s (  
man1 he (f]$ ! religion ( humanity1 ) ! 
s]vice ( mank9d z its wor%ip & woman z  
its prie/ess4  ,sp5c]1 equally disc>d+ !
 sup]natural z matt] ( k1 relegates !   
di/9ctively religi\s emotion to awe be=e
 a supreme p[] :olly inscrutable to man4
  ,he sets himself to =mulate s f> z    
possible ! obs]v$ work+s ( ! univ]se 9  
:i* man is a "p2 he makes ,evolution !  
c5tral pr9ciple2 he f9ds 9 ,h]$ity &    
,environm5t ! great =mative influ5ces ^u
 ! individual2 & he reaffirms z (       
supreme importance ! famili> e?ical     
pr9ciples :i* mank9d has discov]$ 9 its 
exp]i5ces4  ,9 all ^! =ms1 ! con/ructive
 philosophy ( our c5tury has visibly    
fall5 %ort ( ! imm5se volume ( old & new
 tru?s :i* x has /riv5 to m\ld &        
=mulate4  ,! *>act]i/ic g5ius ( ! "t is 
%[n m p[]fully on ! "o h& 9 !           
accumulation ( specific k1 z sci5ce2 &  
on ! o!r h& 9 ! imag9ative portrayal (  
human life4  ,! favorite vehicle (      
imag9ation has be5 ! novel4  ,if our    

successors h]eaft] desire to "k h[ man 9
 ! n9ete5? c5tury appe>$ to himself1 _! 
be/ guides w be su* z ,scott1 ,haw?orne1
 ,dick5s1 ,?ack]ay1 ,george ,eliot1     
,hugo1 ,balzac4  ,x is ! *ildr5 ( ,bacon
 & ^? ( ,%aksp]e :o are mo/ conspicu\s 9
 ! "w ( ye/]day4  ,to-day we seem to /& 
on ! ?re%old ( a m inclusive1 m pr(\nd1 
m inspir+ philosophy4  ,! ,*ri/ian *ur* 
has1 l all o!r in/itutions1 be5 deeply  
affect$ by ! "t-_s4  ,9 ,prote/antism1 !
 great developm5ts h be5 a modification 
( ! cre$1 & a transf] ( en]gy f ! w9n+ (
 a future salvation to ! work+ out ( a  
pres5t salvation = ! individual & =     
society4  ,! cre$ has be5 *ang$1 9 _s m 
widely ?an 9 =m1 p>tly "u ! influ5ce (  
reason & p>tly ?r\gh a reawak5+ (       
spiritual & humane feel+4 ,s*lei]ma*]   
int]pret$ ,*ri/ianity z an emotional &  
e?ical exp]i5ce1 r ?an a dogmatic sy/em4
  ,9 ! ,engli% *ur*1 :ile "o reflu5t    
wave swept t[>d a dogmatic au?ority &   
rituali/ic spl5dor l t ( ,rome1 on ano!r
 side ! ef=t to reconcile ! *ur* ) mod]n

 ?\ght & fit x to mod]n society 0 c>ri$ 
f>!r & f>!r by ,col]idge1 ,arnold1      
,rob]tson1 ,maurice1 ,k+sley1 & ,/anley2
 till ! advance has met a %>p *eck at ! 
po9t :]e rejection ( miracle involves a 
collision ) ! =mul>ies ( wor%ip4  ,9    
,am]ica1 a l advance has _h ! advantage 
( t m ela/ic polity :i* all[s to *ur*es 
( ! ,congregational ord] an easi] *ange 
( cre$ & wor%ip4  ,! lead]s h be51 9 !  
,unit>ian l9e1 su* z ,*ann+1 :o purifi$ 
,*ri/ianity ( its ,calv9i/ic h>%ness &  
!n ( its ,a?anasian metaphysics2 &      
,p>k]1 :o took ! great /ep to simple    
!ism1--,*ri/ian 9 e?ics & piety1 b      
purely naturali/ic 9 !ology4  ,9 ! o!r  
great bran* ( ! ,new ,engl& *ur*1--= 9  
,new ,engl& alone has ,am]ica %[n       
religi\s orig9ality1--,bu%nell 9 a      
s*ola/ic way1 & ,bee*] ) poetic & popul>
 p[]1 resolv$ ! dogmatic sy/em into a   
supremacy 9 ! univ]se ( love & hol9ess1 
embodi$ 9 a deity :o became actually    
inc>nat$ z ,*ri/4  ,phillips ,brooks1   
ex]cis+ a spiritual p[] ( extraord9>y   

purity & int5sity1 & s unspeculative t  
he felt no difficulty 9 ! =mulae ( !    
,episcopal *ur*1 taught a religion 9 :i*
 ,*ri/ repres5ts a sublim$ & p]fect     
humanity1 a realiz$ ideal1 ! inspiration
 & help] ( m5 :o are 8 bro!rs4  ,9 !    
,ca?olic *ur*1 two ,popes /& z          
repres5tative1 ,plus ,,ix4 & ,leo       
,,xiii4  ,"u ! fir/1 ! mon>*ic sy/em ( !
 *ur* 0 made complete1 & ! highe/       
function ( ! ,c\ncil1 ! def9ition (     
religi\s tru?1 0 assign$ to ! ,pope4    
,by ,leo ,,xiii4 ?is autocracy is       
adm9i/]$ 9 sympa?y l>gely ) mod]n ideas4
  ,! *ur* allies itself less ) !        
temporal mon>* ?an ) ! common p4  ,x    
?r[s mu* ( its =ce into e?ical *annels4 
,its *>act]i/ic int]e/ is 9 education1  
temp]ance1 social re=m2 & along ) ^! x  
/ill m9i/]s publicly & privately to t   
communion ) ,god 9 :i* x places !       
f\ndation & secret ( human life4  ,its  
limitations are t x /ill claims n only  
to p]suade b to rule--a useful function 
t[>d "s classes1 b impossible t[>d o!r  

classes2 t its pret5sion to             
infallibility obliges x to misread      
hi/ory2 & t its f\ndation ( dogma admits
 no frank & full reconciliation ) mod]n 
k4  ,b to "k ! full m9d & he>t ( our    
age1 we mu/ aga9 take a survey beyond ! 
*ur* walls4  ,! emotional =ces :i* h    
mov$ ! _w h be5 l>gely 9 ! direction (  
c]ta9 social aspirations4  ,! fir/ 0 =  
,lib]ty--fre$om f ! tyranny ( k+'s &    
prie/s4  ,x won its fir/ great victory 9
 ,am]ica1 :]e ! ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce & !   
mak+ ( ! ,con/itution m>k$ by a brave   
/ruggle & a ma/]piece ( good s5se !     
consummation ( _m ye>s' gr[? ( an       
,engli% %oot 9 virg9 soil4  ,engl&      
h]self has foll[$ ) m unequal /eps to a 
simil> result4  ,9 ,france1 !re 0       
volcanic explosion :i* convuls$ ,europe4
  ,! o!r ,cont95tal /ates h v>i\sly     
foll[$1 save ,russia1 :i* z yet lies    
impot5t "u despotism4  ,foll[+ !        
sub/antial success ( ! ef=t = ,lib]ty1  
or bl5d+ ) x1 came ! aspiration = a     
bett] ,social ,ord]4  ,9 "o phase1 ?is  

work$ t[>d ! consolidation ( nations on 
natural l9es ( race & hi/ory1 z 9       
,g]many & ,italy4  ,9 ,am]ica1 ! two    
ideas ( univ]sal ,fre$om & national     
,union1 conflict+ = a :ile ) ea* o!r1   
bl5t at la/ & triumph$ aft] a mighty    
/ruggle4 ,! supreme figure 9 t /ruggle 0
 ,abraham ,l9coln2 :o 9 8 public        
capacity illu/rat$ h[ ! mo/ complicat$  
problems ( /atesman%ip f9d _! be/       
solution ?r\gh good-w1 resolution1      
pati5ce1 & homely %rewdness2 :ile 9 8   
own life he %[$ t a man may rise above  
mis=tune & melan*oly1 unaid$ by cre$ or 
*ur*1 work+ only by absolute fidelity to
 ! "r z he sees ! "r1 till he r5d]s to 8
 fell[s a supreme s]vice & w9s _!       
unb\nd$ love4  ,! aspiration = ,social  
,ord] pauses n :5 x has won national    
unity & h>mony4  ,! pr9ciple & ! result 
( ! exi/+ indu/rial sy/em no long]      
cont5t ^? :o live "u x4  ,t sy/em has   
be5 /imulat$ by ! enorm\s mat]ial       
acquisitions :i* h fl[$ f inv5tion4  ,x 
has improv$ 9 "s degree ! condition (   

mo/ memb]s ( society1 b ) a m>k$        
inequality 9 ! improvem5t1 & at ! co/ ( 
! mutual ho/ility :i* un*eck$           
competition involves1 & :i* is fruitful 
9 moral mis*ief & mat]ial wa/e4  ,!     
labor] has ga9$ 9 intellig5ce by ! s*ool
 & ! newspap]2 hold+ ! vote1 he feels   
himself "o ( ! ma/]s ( ! /ate2 sympa?y  
draws him to 8 own class4  ,! s*ol> sees
 t ! sy/em ( un*eck$ competition is an  
outgr[? ( conditions :i* are *ang+1 &   
:i* ought to *ange4  ,! ideali/ longs = 
a society :i* %all effectually seek !   
highe/ good ( e memb]1 & supplem5t !    
hung] = p]sonal advantage ) satisfaction
 9 ! good ( all4  ,! toil] & ! ideali/  
unite to seek a m g5]\s & s]viceable    
ord] 9 ! community1 & ! t5d5cy is       
vaguely call$ ,socialism4  ,"o          
conspicu\s expon5t is ,k>l ,m>x1 :o1 ) 8
 foll[]s1 w\ld make ! highly c5traliz$  
,g]man /ate ! />t+-po9t = a /ill m      
au?oritative & m9ute regulation ( !     
community1 direct$ to ! equal mat]ial   
b5efit ( all its memb]s4  ,by a diff]5t 

road a degree ( frat]nal organization is
 be+ atta9$1 ?r\gh volunt>y associations
 ( work+m51 = mutual support z t[>d _!  
employ]s1 or = indep5d5t production or  
di/ribution4  ,all def9ite & dogmatic   
s*emes ( social re=m prove ^u *all5ge to
 ne$ adju/m5t & modification1 to fit !  
actual work+s ( a society already       
inf9itely complex4  ,x is z ! s5tim5t   
:i* = want ( a bett] ^w we call         
sociali/ic works along ) t broad & c&id 
/udy ( fact :i* we call sci5tific1 &    
t[>d an ideal 9 :i* ! mat]ial is b an   
in/rum5t ( ! spiritual1--t !re is solid 
promise ( advance4  ,) ^! s5tim5ts (    
,lib]ty & ,social ,ord] may be nam$ :at 
is sometimes call$ ,philan?ropy1 or 9 a 
broad] way ( speak+ may be nam$         
,humanity1--! unselfi% passion = ! good 
( o!rs1 ! ardor ( s]vice1 to :i* e>ly   
,*ri/ianity gave outlet 9 missions1 &   
:i* n[ ?r[s itself into re=m1 education1
 amelioration 9 e direction ( human ne$4
  ,m c5tral to man ?an any social ideal 
is ! p]sonal ideal4  ,= society is b an 

aggregation ( units2 /ate1 *ur*1        
community1 family1 h _! aim & outcome 9 
! individual man2 !y are s]viceable only
 z ?r\gh !m he becomes good & happy4    
,:at new int]pretations has ?is c5tury  
se5 ( ! p]sonal ideal8  ,!y may p>tly be
 read 9 a gr\p ( poets ( !              
,engli%-speak+ p4  ,wordswor?1 loyal to 
! =ms ( ! old ,*ri/ianity1 %[s life z   
really su/a9$ & gladd5$ by simple duty &
 by ! sacram5tal beauty ( nature--"o    
giv+ ! rule ( conduct1 ! o!r disclos+ ! 
div9ity ( ! _w4  ,t5nyson gives 9 ,9    
,memoriam t int]pretation ( human life  
:i* comes :5 love is sublim$ by dea?4   
,br[n+ %[s ! s\l face to face ) ! d\bt1 
! d5ial1 ! dismay1 :i* are add$ to !    
foes ( human peace 9 an age :i* has lo/ 
! old fai?1 & %[s ! s\l victori\s ov]   
all by its own en]gy1 con/ancy1 & joy4  
,9 ,:itti]1 ! dogmatic sy/em (          
,*ri/ianity is trans=m$ into a _s (     
fidelity1 bro!rhood1 & t5d] tru/4       
,em]son gives t direct vision ( div9e   
reality1 se5 9 nature1 9 humanity1 9 !  

he>t's inn]mo/ recesses1 :i* is possible
 to a s\l purifi$ by moral fidelity1    
rev]5t ( natural law1 & w+$ by holy     
desire4  ,^! h be5 ! prophets ( hope & (
 victory4  ,! d>k message ( defeat &    
despair has also _h its full expression4
  ,satiety ) mat]ial good1 disappo9tm5t 
( inw>d joy1 ! loss ( ! old objects (   
adoration & tru/1 h inspir$ utt]ances 9 
e key ( gloom1 impot5ce1 despond5cy v]g+
 t[>d suicide4  ,s*op5hau] has =mulat$ a
 philosophy ( pessimism1 & ?r\gh a ho/ (
 ! m9or /ory-tell]s & v]sifi]s runs !   
note ( disc\ragem5t & ab&onm5t4  ,! mo/ 
dang]\s alliance :i* besets man is t    
betwe5 ,s5suality & ,unbelief1 :isp]+   
toge!r 9 8 e>1 ,let u eat & dr9k1 =     
to-morr[ we die6  ,sometimes unbelief is
 at ! wide/ remove f s5suality2 x may g 
) pure devotion to tru? & ?ir/ =        
goodness4  ,!re are pa!tic & noble      
voices ( seek]s aft] ,god1 :i* :5 !y d n
 gladd5 yet /r5g!n & purify1 & :i* cat* 
at mom5ts an exquisite tone ( peace &   
joy4  ,su* are ,cl\gh & ,mat!w ,arnold4 

,we h "o morali/ ( ! ,sp5c]ian s*ool1   
,george ,eliot1 :o unites a /rong e?ical
 s5se ) a wond]ful read+ ( human nature4
  ,h] ess5tial message1 told aga9 & aga9
 9 e book1 is1 ,life may be ru9$ by     
self-indulg5ce--bew>e6  ,if we ask1 ,b  
may life be sav$ by fidelity8 h] answ]  
is unc]ta94  ,& 9 h] own life we read1 )
 humbl$ eyes1 ! defect :i* m>r$ ! note (
 triumph & deep5$ ! note ( w>n+4  ,if1  
aga91 z to ! ,p]sonal ,ideal1 we rev]t  
to ! basal elem5ts ( "*1--to ! homely1  
e-day aspect1--to ! life n only ( !     
cultivat$ few b ( ! mass ( humanity1--! 
new p]ception has be5 rea*$1 t ,"w is ! 
basis ( all p]sonal & social virtue4    
,toil1 said ! old ,scripture1 is ,god's 
puni%m5t = man's s94  ,toil1 says !     
religi\s en?usia/1 is a necess>y incid5t
 ( an exi/5ce ^: high] ex]cise lies 9   
spiritual emotion rea*+ t[>d a future   
,p>adise4  ,b toil1 to mod]n eyes1 is ! 
root :i* b9ds man to 8 native e>?1 &    
transmits all ! sap :i* creates fl[]s & 
fruit4 ,intellig5t1 ardu\s1 ?rifty toil 

is ! "m ( greatness4  ,d ! next ?+1--d !
 ne>e/ duty1--labor r ?an "q1--is ! mo/ 
articulate note 9 ,c>lyle's /ormy       
message4  ,! old *>ity 0 to give bread  
to ! hungry2 ! new *>ity is to help !   
hungry to "w = _! bread4  ,a g5]ation   
ago x seem$ to ,am]ican re=m]s t !      
nation's problem w\ld be solv$ if once !
 slaves 7 fre$4  ,!y 7 set free1 & !n x 
0 se5 t ! :ole "q ( _! future de/9y 0   
/ill to be met4  ,practical necessity1  
religi\s zeal1 political s*emes1 all    
play$ _! "p2 b ! be/ answ] came ?r\gh ! 
apo/le ,arm/rong1 ,"*1 wr\ght out ?r\gh 
education & labor4  ,! inh]it$ devotion 
( ,*ri/ian mission>ies caught ! light ( 
p]sonal exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 & a man 9
 :om h]oic temp] bl5t ) %rewde/ wisdom  
laid ! f\ndation ( an education         
transc5d+ 9 its aims & results ! :ole   
traditional sy/em ( s*ool & univ]sity4  
,x is an object-lesson ( supreme        
significance4 ,t way lies ! future      
education ( our *ildr51--"* its aim1    
nature its *ief book1 ex]cise ( all !   

bodily & spiritual p[]s its me?od4  ,"h1
 !n1 are ! results ( our c5tury z !y be>
 on man's high] life4  ,a religion ?r\gh
 special revelation has be5 displac$ by 
a religion :i* faces all ! facts (      
exi/5ce & bases itself on !m4 ,man has  
f\nd new clews to read ! /ory ( 8 pa/1 &
 new ways to m\ld 8 pres5t & future4  ,!
 old e?ical ideals h be5 reaffirm$1     
broad5$1 purifi$4  ,! task ( build+     
p]sonal life & ( ord]+ society has be5  
set be=e man 9 fre% cle>ness1 "u heavy  
p5alties = failure & he>t-fill+ rew>ds =
 success4  ,x is se5 t ! humble pa? (   
moral ob$i5ce issues 9 cele/ial heights 
( spiritual vision4  ,out ( ! noble/ use
 ( ! ,"h & ,n[ spr+s ! assurance ( a    
,h]eaft] & ! s5se ( a pres5t et]nity4   
,! way to ! ,highe/ is op51 invit+1     
comm&+4  ,! simple/ may ent]1 & !       
/ronge/ mu/ give 8 full /r5g? to ! que/4
     ,,ii  ,,! ,,ideal ,,( ,,to-,,day   
,! way ( ! highe/ life is cle> & c]ta94 
,its fir/ & la/ precept is fidelity to !
 be/ we "k4  ,its con/ant process is t  

fidelity w9s moral gr[? & spiritual     
vision4  ,all attempts to demon/rate !  
nature & attributes ( ,god1 all ef=t to 
prove by argum5t t ! univ]se is adm9i/]$
 by righte\sness & b5evol5ce1 are aside 
f ! ma9 road4  ,! real task = man is to 
ord] 8 own life1 z an individual & 9    
society4 ,to d t1 he ne$s to und]/& 8   
own life z a practical matt]2 he ne$s to
 /udy ! proc$ure ( ! _w 9 :i* he /&s2 he
 ne$s to rally e =ce ( k1 resolution1   
sympa?y1 rev]5ce1 aspiration1 ^u ?is    
high bus9ess ( p]sonal & social liv+4   
,z he a*ieves su* life1 !re develop 9   
him ! faculties :i* read sublime mean+s 
9 ! univ]se ( :i* he is a "p4  ,z he    
becomes div9e1 he f9ds div9ity ev]y:]e4 
,! he>t ( religion is joy1 peace1 en]gy1
 support "u suff]+1 inw>d h>mony1 true  
relation ) fell[ creatures1 grateful    
s5se ( ! pa/1 full fruition ( ! pres5t1 
glad out-rea* to a beckon+ future4  ,!  
way to t life is :olly indep5d5t (      
d\btful argum5tation4  ,x lies simply 9 
a :ole-he>t$ con=mity to :at are kn[n   

beyond all "q z ! wor?y aims1 ! j       
requirem5ts1 ! righte\s laws4  ,let u   
consid] some:at at l>ge ! unfold+ ( ?is 
philosophy ( life4  ,let u seek to      
sympa!tically int]pret ! deepe/1 mo/    
significant work+ ( ! human _s 9 our "t4
  ,is x n ! di/9ctive note ( ! ?\ghtful 
& hone/ m9d ( to-day1 z comp>$ ) a l m9d
 "s c5turies ago1 t x contemplates m    
directly ! actual proc$ure ( ! univ]se1 
is less conc]n$ ) sup]natural p]sonages 
& transactions1 & m att5tive to :at has 
happ5$ & is happ5+ 9 ?is mundane sph]e8 
,! piety ( our ance/ors contemplat$ !   
ju/ice & m]cy ( ,god z manife/$ 9 !     
c\nsels ( et]nity1--8 righte\s          
condemnation ( ! wick$1 & ! love-inspir$
 sacrifice ( ,*ri/4  ,! philosophy ( our
 ance/ors 0 l>gely an attempt to map out
 a _w-s*eme f man's inn] consci\sness4  
,! mod]n ?9k]1 :e!r he calls himself    
,*ri/ian or n1 is incl9$ to make 8 essay
 t[>d ! ,supreme ,p[] by way ( ! obs]v$ 
work+s ( ! univ]se4  ,& c]ta9 g5]al     
impressions :i* he ?us receives we may  

di/+ui%4  ,t aspect ( ?+s :i* n[ engages
 u ) ! fasc9ation ( a new & va/ discov]y
 is :at we t]m ,evolution4  ,its        
spectacle1 on ! "o h&1 prompts a sure & 
so>+ hope4  ,9 ! sum ( ?+s we see a     
movem5t upw>d & /ill upw>d1--f          
unorganiz$ to organiz$ matt]1 f         
unconsci\s to s5ti5t exi/5ce1 f bea/ to 
man1 f savage to sa9t1--& :o c say to   
:at height 9 ! com+ ages8 ,b on ! o!r h&
 we see t ?us f> at lea/ ! progress ( ! 
favor$ is at deadly co/ to ! los]s4  ,& 
we see t p>allel ) ! asc5d+ :ite l9e (  
humanity runs an asc5d+ black l9e1--!   
bad man ( civilization is 9 "s ways     
worse ?an ! bad man ( savag]y4  ,& ?is  
complexity ( good & evil is recogniz$ at
 a "t :5 a high] s5sibility has made !  
old famili> pa9 & s9 ( humanity seem m  
?an ev] intol]able4  ,yet ! spectacle ( 
creation & ( ! _w1 z we see & "k x1     
makes ^u u an impression f> beyond t (  
m]e p]plexity or dismay4  ,x produces a 
s5tim5t :i* we may be/ call awe4  ,all !
 great aspects ( nature wake 9 u ?is    

rev]5tial emotion4  ,a famili> in/ance  
is ! effect ^u u ( ! />ry heav5s4  ,!   
,psalmi/ ?rill$ at t sight1--h[ mu* m   
deeply are we mov$1 kn[+ :at we "k ( !  
va/ness & ! ord]6  ,"s l effect on u has
 ! unfold+ revelation ( ! :ole process (
 nature4  ,i ?9k ! ?\ghts ( ,god aft]   
him1 said ,kepl]4  ,let any man /udy 9  
"s cle> exposition ! developm5t ( !     
human race f ! animal2 & ! wond] ( !    
process1 ! unity ( design1 ! un=ese5    
goals rea*$ "o by "o1 ! irresi/ible     
impression t ! h>mony :i* man's little  
faculties c disc]n is b a fraction ( "s 
sublim] h>mony1--^! emotions h 9 !m a   
surpass+ p[] to humble1 purify1 & exalt 
! _s4  ,! mod]n m9d addresses itself to 
! highe/ reality ?r\gh ! actualities (  
exi/5ce1 & ( ^? actualities "o mo/      
significant phase is ! proc$ure & laws (
 nature4  ,b !re is ano!r & m impressive
 aspect3 x is ! inn] life ( humanity2 x 
is man's own consci\s exi/5ce1 ) its    
/ruggles1 victories1 defeats1 its       
agonies & raptures1 its mir?1 its play1 

its sweetness & bitt]ness4  ,?is to u is
 ! realm ( real exi/5ce4  ,9 ?is we are 
at home4  ,! m>* ( ! planets1 !         
evolution ( a _w1 ! :ole process (      
nature1 is l ! view f a w9d[2 &1 gaz+ ^u
 x1 sits feel+1 ?9k+1 aspir+ man4  ,8   
consci\sness is environ$ & condition$ by
 ! surr\nd+ _w1 b is utt]ly unexpla9$ by
 x1 :olly untranslatable 9 its t]ms4    
,def9ite & precise is ! language (      
ma!matics1 ( *emi/ry1 ( physical        
proc$ure4  ,my/]y ( my/]ies is ! human  
_s1--my/]y ( my/]ies & holy ( holies4   
,a new s5se ( ! sacr$ness ( human life  
has be5 born 9 ?is lat] age4  ,x is our 
mo/ preci\s acquisition4  ,bett] c\ld we
 h wait$ = mod]n sci5ce ?an = mod]n     
humanity4  ,bett] c\ld we sp>e !        
telegraph & ! /eam-eng9e & anae/hesia   
?an t quick5$ s5se ( ! value ( man z man
 :i* inspires ! deepe/ political &      
social movem5ts ( to-day4  ,9 all sob]  
m9ds1 9 all l(ty ef=t1--:atev] !re may  
be ( despair ( ,god or hopelessness ( a 
p]sonal future1--we see a pr(\nd        

recognition ( ! solemnity & sacr$ness ( 
human exi/5ce4  ,?r\gh ! sad pages (    
,george ,eliot1 ?r\gh ,em]son's exultant
 psalm1 ?r\gh ! re=m]'s battle1 !       
sociali/'s s*eme1 runs ?is gold5 l9k1--!
 value ( simple humanity4  ,?is1 !n1 we 
may say is ! *>act]i/ic attitude ( ! man
 ( to-day1--be=e ! processes ( nature1  
awe & rev]5ce2 be=e ! life ( humanity1  
sympa?y & t5d]ness4  ,b n[ rises a      
he>t-mov+ "q4  ,! de>e/ article (       
religi\s fai? has be5 a ,div9e ,p[]1    
gov]n+ ! univ]se & hold+ to man an      
intimate relation involv+ issues (      
supreme significance to humanity4  ,at  
?is po9t mod]n ?\ght falt]s4  ,!        
long-famili> expression ( t belief is ! 
ass]tion ( a p]sonal1 provid5tial1      
all-j1 & all-lov+ ,god4  ,:at reason h  
m5 assign$ to !mselves = belief 9 su* a 
,god1 :ile confront$ all ! "t by !      
fe>ful spectacle ( a _w 9 :i* s9 & mis]y
 p]petually m+le ) goodness & happ9ess8 
,:at has be5 ! res\rce ( ! ,*ri/ian     
intellect aga9/ t my/]y ( evil :i*      

baffl$ ! que/ion] 9 ! book ( ,job1 &    
drove ,lucretius to virtual a!ism1 &    
left ,m>cus ,aurelius 9 d\bt :e!r !re be
 gods or n8  ,! res\rce ( ! ,*ri/ian    
?9k] has be5 8 belief t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0  
,god inc>nate4  ,"h 0 a s\l :i* 0 s9less
 & holy1 :i* lov$ s9n]s s z to die = !m2
 & ?is 0 ,god himself4  ,t belief has   
be5 ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,x   
left ! my/]ies ( e>?'s sorr[ & s9       
unexpla9$2 b x (f]$ ! assurance1 "u a   
mo/ liv+ figure1 t ! au?or & f9al       
dispos] ( ! :ole 0 "o ^: nature 0 love  
itself4  ,:5 x ceases to be believ$ t   
,jesus 0 ,god1 ! corn]-/one ( ?is :ole  
/ructure ( belief1 z an intellectual    
conception1 is gone4 ,! void is conceal$
 = a :ile by int]m$iate !ories1--t      
,jesus 0 a k9d ( inf]ior deity1 t he 0  
at lea/ a sup]natural mess5g]4  ,frankly
 say t he 0 a man only1 & we h really   
giv5 up t intellectual gr\nd ( confid5ce
 9 a ,god on :i* = _m c5turies m5 h     
/ood4  ,&1 9 t involunt>y & mo/         
regretful surr5d]1 & 9 ! fir/ impression

 foll[+ x1 t ! only disc]nible ord] is a
 me*anical ord]1 ) no room = wor%ip1 no 
hope ( immortality1 lies ! trag$y ( !   
?9k+ _w to-day4 ,= a multitude ( m9ds1  
,god is eclips$1 & ! e>? lies 9 %ad[4   
,9 %ad[1 b n 9 despair4  ,= /ill !re is 
,! prophetic s\l   ,( ! wide _w1 dream+ 
( ?+s to come4   ,sl[ly em]ges a new    
conception4  ,9 ! l[e/ dep? ( 8 _s man  
has f\nd t1 9 ,rob]tson's words1 x is   
bett] to be true ?an to be false1 bett] 
to be pure ?an to be s5sual1 bett] to be
 brave ?an to be a c[>d4  ,by t sure &  
simple cre$ man lives ?r\gh 8 d>ke/ day4
  ,:5 ! tree seems dead1 t root lives4  
,& pres5tly !re gr[s f x a nobl] tree4  
,! turn+-po9t f ! old ?\ght to ! new is 
?is3 ,we see t ! imp]ative task set to e
 man is n to und]/& ! univ]se plan1 b to
 live 8 own life successfully4  ,x w q  
suffice = mo/ ( u if we c ea* "o d      
ju/ice to ! possibilities ( 8 own       
exi/5ce4  ,^? possibilities are some?+ m
 ?an brea?+ & eat+1 sleep+ & wak+1 toil 
& re/4  ,among 8 possibilities ea* man  

hopes are includ$ cont5tm5t1 joy1 peace4
  ,at lea/ !re mu/ be possible = him "s 
"r con=mity to ! conditions 9 :i* he is 
plac$1 "s noble & spiritual             
satisfaction1 "s imp>t+ ( good to 8     
fell[ creatures4  ,!re is = him "s be/  
way ( life1 :i* x is 8 bus9ess to f9d & 
to foll[4  ,& z he f9ds & foll[s x1--z  
he fills out ! be/ possibilities ( 8 own
 be+1--s he mu/ come into ! true/       
relation possible = him ) ?is :ole      
my/]i\s frame ( ?+s we call ! univ]se4  
,z he is himself at 8 be/1 s he w get ! 
be/1 ! wide/1 ! true/ impression ( !    
:ole 9 :i* he is a "p4  ,?is1 !n1 is !  
rational & hopeful way ( address+ !     
supreme problem1--! problem1 = !        
individual & = mank9d1 ( a happ9ess & a 
success :i* %all be root$ 9 ! true      
nature ( ?+s & ! real ord] ( ! univ]se4 
,we are n to />t ) any suppos$          
compreh5sion ( ! g5]al plan1 :e!r z     
reveal$ by miracle or ?\ght out by wise 
m54  ,we are simply to live our own     
lives accord+ to ! be/ k we h1 ! highe/ 

examples we "k1 ! mo/ satisfy+ results (
 our own exp]i5ce4  ,&1 ) :atev]        
discipl9e & enri*m5t ?is process ( "r   
liv+ may br+ u1 we are to hold our :ole 
natures op51 att5tive1 p]cipi5t to ! _w 
ab\t u1 & accept :atev] %all disclose   
itself4  ,! two processes--"r liv+ &    
cle> vision--bl5d con/antly &           
intimately4  ,we may di/+ui% !m 9 our   
?\ghts1 b !re is con/ant int]play betwe5
 life & sight4  ,! bus9ess ( liv+1--h[  
inf9itely complex x is1 h[ endlessly    
labori\s1 yet h[ simple & h[ sure6  ,its
 c5tral pr9ciple1 we may say1 is ! "r   
fitt+ ( "o's self to 8 surr\nd+s4       
,mod]n sci5ce has le>n$ t = e creature !
 condition ( success is adaptation to   
its environm5t4  ,we may use t way (    
speak+ to express ! prime necessity (   
man4  ,8 environm5t is a va/ complexity 
( mat]ial1 social1 & spiritual          
realities4  ,!re is = him a true way (  
adapt+ himself to ^! surr\nd+ facts4    
,he has someh[ f\nd x out 9 ! long      
exi/5ce ( ! race2 he has se5 x m & m    

cle>ly4  ,?is true way is express$ by   
:at we call "r pr9ciples ( conduct4  ,x 
is su* traits z we "n c\rage1 tru?1     
ju/ice1 purity1 love1 aspiration1       
rev]5ce4  ,x includes ! /udy ( natural  
laws & con=mity to !m4  ,x includes !   
se>* = k1 bo? = its use & = its own joy4
  ,x includes ! delight$ gaze ^u beauty 
( e k9d4  ,:oev] foll[s ?is ideal--& j z
 f> z he foll[s x intellig5tly &        
e>ne/ly--f9ds c]ta9 results4  ,:5ev] he 
acts1 he f9ds set be=e him a "r way to  
foll[ r ?an a wrong4  ,s f e situation  
he may draw /r5g?4  ,s he may cont9ually
 f9d peace1--(t5 peace won ?r\gh        
/ruggle1 b ! deep] = ! /ruggle4  ,! love
 ( beauty f9ds beauty ev]y:]e4  ,! love 
( liv+ creatures f9ds objects ev]y:]e1 &
 love giv5 br+s love 9 response4  ,?is  
high] life gives joy1--n con/ant1       
alt]nat+ ) sorr[2 b ! joy is incomp>ably
 sweet] & pur] & high] ?an any o!r c\rse
 ( life yields1 & ! sorr[ has su*       
nobility t we d>e n wi% x abs5t f ! m+l$
 cup we dra94  ,& always ?r\gh joy or   

sorr[ may come moral gr[?--developm5t ( 
"*4  ,!re is no exemption to be won f   
suff]+1 none f fe>4  ,pa91 weakness1    
b]eavem5t1 dea?1--^! ?+s mu/ come1 & we 
mu/ sometimes tremble be=e !m1--no div9e
 h& w pluck !m away4 ,b 9 our fe> we    
le>n a deep] /r5g?4  ,^! are ! gifts )  
:i* ,life answ]s our fai?ful s]vice4  ,!
 brave1 ! g5tle1 ! peace-mak]s1 ! pure 9
 he>t1 ! =giv+1 ! pati5t1 ! h]oic1 are  
bless$1--incomp>ably enri*$4  ,?is is   
:at we "k ( ! relation ( ! ,"o ,p[] to  
ourselves1--t x asks ! v highe/ & be/ we
 c give1 & returns our s]vice ) ! be/ & 
highe/ we c receive4  ,?is is :at t p[] 
we "n ,god is to u4  ,?is is ! same     
reality :i* has be5 appreh5d$ "u !      
figure ( a p]sonal ,god1 a ,heav5ly     
,fa!r1 or a ,*ri/4  ,to _m1 ^? figures  
/ill express x4  ,b ^? to :om ! ,deity  
is n ?us p]sonifi$ may no less fully &  
vividly appreh5d ! div9e ,reality4  ,&  
fur!r1 ?is :ole conception /&s no less 9
 /ead ! p]sons & ! h\rs :5 ! consci\s   
s5se ( ,deity fails altoge!r4  ,?is     

conception makes ! ess5ce ( religion to 
be con=mity to ! homely facts ab\t u1 9 
! relations ( fidelity1 sympa?y1 &      
s]vice4 ,:5 "o has no consci\s ?\ght (  
,god1 or _c rea* su* ?\ght if he tries1 
he c always ex]cise love1 sympa?y1      
admiration1 self-control1--& t is en\gh4
  ,! limitations ( our k imply ev]y:]e a
 backgr\nd ( my/]y4  ,b t my/]y is at   
once a /imulus to our inquiry & a prize 
set be=e our long+4  ,9 "s respects x is
 only a *all5ge to se>*1 & ! horizons ( 
k =ev] wid5 be=e ! explor]4  ,at o!r    
po9ts ! veil nev] lifts1 b all long+1   
aspiration1 unsatisfi$ hung]1           
in>ticulate ye>n+1 groan+s :i* _c be    
utt]$1 rea* out to & lay hold on ?is    
realm ( my/]y4 ,x is n an adamant9e wall
 t encircles u1 x is ! t5d] my/]y ( !   
sunset or ! />ry heav5s4  ,s ( ! my/]y (
 dea?4  ,! veil is n lift$1 b x /irs    
be=e ! brea? ( our pray]s & hopes4  ,!  
deepe/ fe> 9 man is ! fe> ( dea?1 & t   
fe> is conqu]$ 9 him by some?+ great]   
?an itself4  ,ev5 on ! natural plane man

 is seldom afraid ( dea? :5 x comes2 x  
is r ! di/ant image t appalls him4 ,be=e
 ! reality "s in/9ct seems to bid him n 
to fe>4  ,e noble s5tim5t lifts m5 above
 ! dread ( dea?4  ,= _! c\ntry on !     
battlefield1 = o!r m5 9 sudd5 accid5ts &
 p]ils1 m5 give _! lives in/9ctively or 
delib]ately4  ,x is p]sonal love to :i* 
dea? seems to m5ace irretrievable & f9al
 disa/]4  ,b x is p]sonal love to :i*   
comes ! div9e/ presage4  ,"s voice says 
to our ye>n+ he>t1 ,fe> no?+1 d\bt no?+1
 only live6  ,f our bir? to our dea? we 
are encompass$ by my/]y1 b x is a my/]y 
:i* may1 if we w h x s1 gr[ w>m1 lum9\s1
 div9e4   ,s1 by simple fidelity1 man   
may f9d )9 himself h>mony1 victory1 &   
peace4  ,:5 n[1 f ?is /&po9t1 he looks  
out on ! univ]se1--& f no o!r /&po9t c  
he hope = any cle> vision1--:at does he 
mo/ cle>ly disc]n8  ,^! ?ree            
aspects1--,ord]1 ,beauty1 ,life4  ,z he 
op5s himself to ^! ?ree aspects &       
actively con=ms himself to !m1--z he    
/udies1 obeys1 & rev]es ! ,ord]1 z he   

p]ceives & rejoices 9 ! ,beauty1 z 9    
sympa?y & s]vice he m]ges 8 p]sonal life
 9 ! multi=m ,life1--s he gr[s 9 !      
impression ( a div9e h>mony & unity     
p]vad+ all ?+s4  ,s he becomes aw>e ( a 
,cosmos1--a univ]sal ord] ( beauty & (  
love4 ,he becomes aw>e ( x only z he    
becomes volunt>ily & consci\sly a "p (  
x4  ,only ?r\gh ! fidelity ( 8 moral    
life does he feel b5ea? 8 feet a sure   
f\ndation4  ,only z 8 s\l gl[s a sp>k ( 
love does x recognize ! cele/ial e!r 9  
:i* x is an atom4   ,at e mom5t & on e  
side we are 9 t\* ) ! realities ( be+4  
,we live & move 9 a _w ( ord]ly         
proc$ure1 to :i* we may adapt ourselves 
) gr[+ intellig5ce & purpose4  ,bo? !   
animate & inanimate creation is clo!d 9 
=ms :i* m9i/] to ! s5se ( beauty2 & ! m 
t s5se is cultivat$ 9 u1 ! m univ]sally 
d we recognize beauty1 & ! m pr(\nd is  
its appeal to our consci\sness4  ,9 our 
social exi/5ce we come 9 t\* ) o!r s\ls1
 ea* ) its actual or pot5tial weal? (   
be+1 & ea* invit+ our sympa!tic         

response4  ,^!--ord]1 beauty1 consci\s  
exi/5ce--are ! impact on u ( ! univ]se4 
,! "r appreh5sion ( ^! & ! active       
response to !m con/itute ! true ex]cise 
( our own nature2 & x is ?r\gh t ex]cise
 t we "k ,life1--! "o ,life1--& "k x to 
be div9e4  ,^! ?ree aspects1--ord]1     
beauty1 our fell[-lives1--let u dwell = 
a mom5t on ea* 9 turn4  ,an amaz+       
/imulus to man's p[]s has come 9 !      
discov]y t he may p5etrate & foll[ to an
 indef9ite ext5t ! actual proc$ure ( !  
,univ]se4  ,we are only on ! ?re%old (  
our discov]ies4  ,we are j beg9n+ to see
 :]e !y h _! highe/ application4 ,we h  
be5 h>ness+ ! /e$s ( p[] to ! s]vice (  
our physical wants4  ,we are j beg9n+ to
 und]/& t !y are to be made ! m9i/]s (  
build+ up a complete manhood4  ,!       
!ologian has s\ght to demon/rate t all  
natural processes "w 9 ! s]vice ( a     
div9e righte\sness4  ,9 place ( any su* 
demon/ration1 we are f9d+ ! true ex]cise
 ( k 9 apply+ = ourselves ! processes ( 
nature to ! fulfillm5t ( our noble/     

purposes4  ,we are j n[ at ! transition 
po9t betwe5 ! old & ! new conception (  
div9e ,p[]4  ,! old conception 03 ,!    
,almighty is a m]ciful fa!r4  ,if 8     
*ildr5 ask any?+1 he w give x3 ! weapon 
( desire is pray]4  ,! new p]ception is3
 ,! ,almighty moves 9 l9es :i* we c     
p>tly disc]n4  ,by putt+ ourselves 9 l9e
 ) t ,p[]1 we make x helpful3 ! weapon (
 desire is intellig5t ef=t4  ,?r\gh our 
wills works ! div9e ,w4    ,) ! great   
girdle ( ,god1 g & encompass ! e>?6   ,x
 is moral fidelity :i* appreh5ds ! true 
application & significance = man ( t    
regul> proc$ure ( nature :i* environs & 
conditions him4  ,& ?is ,natural ,ord]1 
9 turn1 requires ! moral s5se to humbly 
& ob$i5tly g to s*ool to x4  ,y want to 
be good8 says ,nature4  ,y d>e to       
believe t ev5 ,i 9 my might9ess am set  
to help y to be good8  ,!n /udy my      
processes1 & con=m to !m6  ,a new set ( 
comm&m5ts is be+ writt5 9 ! sight (     
m51--comm&m5ts le>n$ b sl[ly & (t5      
transgress$1 ev5 by ^? ^: wills are pure

 & ^: he>ts are lov+4  ,?\ %alt         
suffici5tly re/6  ,h[ p]petually 9 ^!   
days is t comm&m5t brok51 & ) :at woeful
 p5alty6  ,! practical basis ( all      
religion is ! religion ( ! body4  ,!    
body politic1 too1 ! social organism1   
has its code ( natural laws1            
intelligible1 imp]ative4  ,& e new      
discov]y yields guidance & utt]s comm&4 
,seek1 & ye %all f9d2 knock1 & x %all be
 op5$6   ,only ?r\gh moral fidelity is !
 high] mean+ ( ,beauty won4  ,x is !    
pure 9 he>t :o see ,god4  ,! beauty ( ! 
human =m is1 on ! "o side1 uplift+ to ! 
s\l1 sacram5tal1 z if x 7 ! %r9e ( a    
div9ity4  ,on ! o!r side1 x bl5ds ) !   
in/9cts :i* :5 un*eck$ 9 _! play degrade
 humanity4  ,plato pictures ! two m+l$  
elem5ts z two /e$s yok$ toge!r1 ! "o    
black1 unruly1 d[n-plung+1 ! o!r :ite1  
cele/ial1 up-m\nt+1 :ile ,reason1 !     
*>iote]1 /rives to rule  !m4  ,! nobl]  
int]pretation is sl[ly acquir$ by       
mank9d4  ,!re are great1 sometimes      
cata/rophic1 lapses2 !re are p]iods :5  

art & lit]ature become ! s]vants ( !    
e>?ly in/ead ( ! heav5ly ,v5us4  ,we    
/ill look f> =w>d to    ,! _w's great   
bridals1 *a/e & calm4  ,yet1 little by  
little1 ! ennobl+ aspect ( human beauty 
becomes a famili> p]ception1 is wr\ght  
into a habit1 is transmitt$ z an        
inh]itance4  ,:oev] a*ieves 9 himself ! 
victory ( p]sonal purity is help+ to op5
 ! eyes ( mank9d4  ,! mat]ial _w becomes
 in/9ct ) maje/y & ) sweetness to ! eyes
 t c see4  ,x is a revelation ( :i*     
,wordswor? & ,em]son are ! prophets 9   
lit]ature1 b :i* is writt5 no less 9 _m 
a he>t q untaught ( books4  ,! face (   
,"m ,e>? is ! book 9 :i* _m a man &     
woman & *ild read lessons ( delight1    
spell$ 9 lett]s ( rock & f]n1 ( brook & 
c[slip1 ( maple leaf & gold5rod4  ,su*  
lessons mean little save to ! pure &    
humble4  ,! di/9ctive voice ( nature's  
gospel is a voice ( joy4  ,mix+ freely )
 humanity1 we enc\nt] ! almo/ p]petual  
pres5ce ( tr\ble4  ,b turn+ to =e/ &    
m\nta9 & sea & sky1 we are confront$ )  

gladness ineffable4  ,/ill ! morn+ />s  
s+ toge!r & ! sons ( ,god %\t = joy4  ,c
 our religion f9d no o!r emblem ?an !   
cross1--! in/rum5t ( torture8  ,mank9d  
has pond]$ long ! lesson ( sorr[3 d>e x 
ent] ! :ole inh]itance ( son%ip1 & ta/e 
! fullness ( joy8  ,reality :i* ?\ght & 
^w _c convey is bodi$ =? to u 9 music & 
9 natural beauty4  ,music is ! deepe/   
voice ( humanity1 & beauty is ! answ]+  
smile ( ,god4  ,:5 ! poet-philosoph] has
 cr[d$ into v]se all t he c express (   
life's mean+1--( ! subs]vi5ce ( evil to 
good1 ! deep love ly+ "u ^! pictures (  
"t1--he invokes at ! la/ ! v look ( e>? 
& sea & sky z ! be/ answ]3--    ,uprose 
! m]ry ,sph9x1     ,& cr\*$ no m 9 /one2
   ,%e melt$1 into purple cl\d1     ,%e 
silv]$ 9 ! moon2   ,%e spir$ into a     
yell[ flame2     ,%e fl[]$ 9 blossoms   
r$2   ,%e fl[$ into a foam+ wave2       
,%e /ood ,monadnoc's head4    ,?or\gh a 
?\s& voices     ,spoke ! univ]sal dame1 
',:o telle? "o ( my mean+s     ,is ma/] 
( all ,i am4'   ,yet is ! *ief ex]cise (

 our life ?r\gh relation ) our          
fell[-lives4  ,if ! sublime joy (       
nature's companion%ip c\ld be made      
con/ant1 at ! price ( isolation f our   
k9d1 ! price 7 a ?\s&-fold too great4   
,& x is ?r\gh true & sympa!tic relation 
) o!r lives t we *iefly come into       
consci\s h>mony ) ! univ]se4  ,x is 9 a 
"r int]play ) mank9d t we get close/ to 
! he>t ( ?+s4  ,god is love4  ,s ,i am  
told3 h[ %all ,i int]pret x 9 my        
exp]i5ce8  ,is x a proposition to be    
believ$ ab\t "s be+ ?ron$ above my      
sight8  ,if ,i ex]cise my m9d 9 t       
direction1 if ,i weigh & balance & sift 
! intellectual evid5ce1 ,i may toil to a
 d\btful conclusion4  ,b let me1 issu+  
=? f my pond]+s1 put myself into k9dly  
relations ) my fell[ be+s1--let me s mu*
 z pat affectionately ! head ( ! hone/  
dog :o meets me on ! /reet1--& a ?rill l
 ! w>m? ( spr+ t\*es my *ill$ intellect4
  ,let me1 = a day only1 make ea* human 
contact1 ?\gh b ( a pass+ mom5t1 a true 
recognition ( "s o!r s\l1 & ,i feel     

myself someh[ 9 "r relation ) ! _w4  ,he
 t love? kn[e? ,god1 & is born ( ,god4  
,at ! he>t ( all love is an in/9ct (    
reciprocity4  ,x may or may n get a     
return f its imm$iate object1 b someh[ x
 op5s ! f\nta9s ( ! univ]se4  ,! he>t t 
loves f9ds itself1 x sc>ce kn[s h[1     
belov$4   ,su*1 !n1 is ! process1 & su* 
! revelation4  ,! fir/ /ep1 ! con/ant   
requirem5t1 ! unsp>+ h\rly ne$1 is      
ob$i5ce to ! kn[n "r4  ,! sequ5ce is an 
ev]-wid5+ s5se ( a sweet & cele/ial     
encompassm5t4  ,! man rightly practic$ 9
 all noble ex]cises ( life--9 moral     
fidelity1 9 rev]5ce & sympa?y1 9        
obs]vation & con=mity to ! actual       
conditions ( ! _w ab\t him--w f9d p\r+ 9
 ^u him a beauty1 a love1 a div9ity1 :i*
 fill ! s\l ) a heav5ly vision4  ,& t   
s\l1 9 :atev] ( extremity may come to x1
 has "u its feet ! et]nal rock4   ,?r\gh
 ! s]i\s lit]ature ( to-day runs a bitt]
 wail1--! cry t life is sad & d>k &     
cruel4  ,sad & d>k & cruel x is1 until  
"o meets x sword 9 h&4  ,! great ,"m w h

 h] *ildr5 to be h]oes4  ,%e te/s !m1   
fright5s !m1 masks h]self sometimes 9   
t]ror4  ,face ! t]ror1 drive /raight at 
! dang]1 & ! mask dissolves to %[ !     
cele/ial smile1 ! all-repay+ eyes4   ,! 
road is an ardu\s "o4  ,! ag$           
philosoph]1 y rememb]1 0 ask$ by a      
y\?ful mon>*1 ,tell me if y please 9 a  
few words :at is ! f9al fruit & outcome 
( philosophy8  ,! philosoph] answ]$ him1
 ,cultivate y\rself dilig5tly 9 all     
virtue & wisdom = ?irty ye>s1 & !n y may
 be able to p>tly und]/& ! answ] to y\r 
"q4  ,x is an ardu\s road1 b x leads to 
reality4  ,all %ort & easy answ]s to !  
supreme "q dissatisfy aft] ! fir/ flu%4 
,! confid5ce ( ! dogmatic answ]1 we soon
 discov]1 has no suffici5t au?ority to  
back x4  ,! glib !oretical answ] leads  
u1 aft] all1 to a ,balance (            
,probabilities4  ,t is ! be/ ,god t     
!oretic philosophy c give u4  ,x may be 
bett] ?an no?+4  ,b :o c love a ,balance
 ( ,probabilities8  ,:o c feel ! h& (   
su* a deity z t :5 8 h& gropes = support

 9 face ( temptation1 disa/]1 he>tbreak8
   ,we are told1 ,x may suffice = !     
/rong & sa9tly to bid !m ',prove =      
y\rself t ! univ]se is good2' b :at k9d 
( gospel is ?is = ! weak1 = ! *ild1 = ! 
av]age man & woman8 ,! answ] is3 ,! va/ 
majority ( mank9d always h liv$ & always
 w live l>gely by reliance on "s p]son  
or "s body ( p]sons or "s social        
atmosph]e ( op9ion4  ,t au?ority ( !    
*ur* :i* has avail$ s mu* is j !        
confid5ce ( a cr[d 9 ! lead]%ip ( c]ta9 
m5 to :om !y are accu/om$ to look up4 ,9
 ! ord] ( nature1 always ! lead]s w     
lead4  ,:at ! /rong & sa9tly receive )  
vivid impression & pr(\nd assurance1 !  
mass :o feel _! influ5ce w accept a good
 deal on _! au?ority4  ,! *ild w cat* ! 
fai? ( its fa!r & "m4 ,b1 fur!r1 9 its v
 nature1 t me?od ( approa* to ! highe/  
reality :i* requires only goodness &    
op5-he>t$ness & love is available to !  
little *ild & to ! simple/ m9d4  ,:5    
,jesus said1 ,bless$ are ! meek1 !      
m]ciful1 ! peace-mak]s1 ! pure 9 he>t1  

!y t d hung] & ?ir/ aft] righte\sness1 e
 "o und]/ood him4   ,b x may be ask$1   
,does ?is attitude br+ man face to face 
) a p]sonal ,god8  ,p]sonal he w be to  
"s3 to _m ! only solid & adequate       
expression ( a real be+ is a p]sonal    
be+4  ,nay1 to _m only a human          
p]sonality means any?+4  ,a great prea*]
 & poet ( our day once said t he nev]   
?\ght ( ,god except "u ! figure (       
,*ri/1--a human figure 9 "s human       
occupation & attitude4  ,let ,div9ity   
body itself z ,*ri/ to m9ds s con/itut$4
  ,let o!rs invoke ! ,god & ,fa!r ( our 
,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,b impose no con/ra9t
 & lay no ban on ^? to :om1 z ,c>lyle   
says1 ! ,highe/ _c be spok5 ( 9 words4  
,p]sonal6  ,imp]sonal6  ,"o6 ,?ree6     
,:at mean+ c any mortal1 aft] all1 atta*
 to !m 9 ref]5ce to su* an object8  ,x  
is n ^! =ms ( ?\ght t are ess5tial4     
,:at is ess5tial is a way ( liv+ access 
to ! ,highe/4   ,! adequate             
conception--! keynote--mu/ be "o t is   
suffici5t alike = ! e-day mood1 = !     

exalt$ h\rs1 & = ! em]g5cies4  ,t       
keynote is giv5 9 ?is tru?3 t !re is no 
mom5t s dull or s h>d b "o c ask        
himself1 ,:at is ! be/ ! situation      
all[s8 & con=m to t2 c op5 8 eyes to "s 
beauty close at h&2 c ent] sympa!tically
 into "s neighbor+ life4   ,we prescribe
 to ourselves c]ta9 attitudes1 & /rive  
t[>d c]ta9 ideals4  ,b ! supreme h\rs   
are ^? 9 :i* !re fl[ 9 ^u our           
consci\sness ! in%9+s & ! uphold+s ( "s 
unfa?om$ ,p[]4  ,we are l$1 we are      
c>ri$4  ,we feel1 we "k n :5ce nor h[1 a
 peace t passe? und]/&+ & a love t ca/e?
 out fe>4  ,?is is ! sub/ance ( t       
religi\s exp]i5ce 9 :i* ?r\gh\t ! ages !
 he>t ( man has f\nd its deepe/ support 
& enc\ragem5t4  ,! exp]i5ce has clo!d   
itself to ! imag9ation 9 ! g>b ( ?is or 
t cre$ or climate4  ,x is liable to     
debasem5ts & c\nt]feits1 b no m liable  
?an all o!r noble emotions & exp]i5ces4 
,sometimes !re is ! culm9ation ( a moral
 /ruggle1 & ! :ole c\rse ( life receives
 a new direction4  ,sometimes !re is an 

illum9ation & joy & peace4  ,x is an    
exaltation ( ! s\l 9 :i* gladness bl5ds 
) moral en]gy4  ,no *apt] ( human life  
is writt5 9 deep] lett]s ?an ^? :i* tell
 ( victory ov] temptation1 /r5g? out (  
weakness1 radiance beside ! grave1 ?r\gh
 ?is div9e uplift4   ,!re is ano!r      
exp]i5ce1 m common1 less dep5d5t on     
individual con/itution1 :i* be>s an     
inw>d message ( sob]] tone b ( l import4
  ,x is ! peace :i* att5ds !            
consci\sness ( "r-do+4  ,wordswor?      
p]sonifies x z ! approval ( ,duty1 /]n  
daught] ( ! voice ( ,god3--    ,/]n     
,lawgiv]6  ,yet ?\ do/ we>     ,!       
,godhead's mo/ b5ignant grace2   ,nor "k
 we any?+ m fair     ,?an is ! smile ^u 
?y face4   ,! fai?ful *ild ( duty1      
:atev] 8 cre$1 :atev] 8 temp]am5t1 is   
naturally ! possessor ( a /eady1 calm   
assurance4 ,someh[1 he feels1 x is well4
   ,reason+s ab\t immortality lead to   
little result4  ,conv9c$ or unconv9c$1  
we pr(it little by a m]e op9ion4  ,we   
speculate1 d\bt1 reject1 or hope2 & 9   

ei!r case ! moral conduct ( life is1    
p]haps1 n mu* affect$4  ,b !re come h\rs
 :5 to love & aspiration ! heav5ly      
vision op5s1 & ! s5se ( its own et]nity 
?rills ! s\l4  ,! cry+ ne$ ( ! he>t is  
always a pres5t ne$4  ,no promise ( a   
f>-away satisfaction is suffici5t = x4  
,& answ]+ to j t ne$ is ! exp]i5ce1     
sometimes giv51 t ! human love once ours
 is ours /ill 9 its fullness1--"s ri*]  
fullness ev5 ?an t ( days gone by4  ,!re
 are h\rs 9 :i* ! he>t's voice is1      
,?\gh mix$ ) ,god & ,nature ?\1     ,i  
seem to love !e m & m4   ,! highe/ /ate 
( consci\sness to :i* we atta9 is       
express$ by ! old phrase t man feels    
himself a *ild ( ,god4  ,8 en]gy feels  
back ( x an inf9ite en]gy4  ,8 desires  
re/ peacefully 9 "s all-suffic+ good4   
,all t is highe/ & pure/ 9 him m+les )  
its div9e s\rce4  ,he sees new & high]  
int]pretations ( 8 own life & o!r lives4
  ,all ! human love he has ev] exp]i5c$ 
he holds z an abid+ possession4  ,!re   
comes to him n s mu* ! premonition ( a  

future /ate z ! consci\sness ( "s /ate 9
 :i* pa/1 pres5t1 & future bl5d4  ,he is
 free f illusions1 & s]5e4  ,x does n   
di/urb him ev5 to "k t ! vision w pass1 
& he w return to e>?'s level4  ,he sees 
! tru?1 he feels ! div9e reality2 & !   
c]ta9ty & ! gladness are su* t n ev5 !  
prevision ( 8 own relapse into dimm]    
p]ception c depress him4  ,! h\r speaks 
) comm& to ! h\rs t are to foll[2 x bids
 !m to fidelity1 to love1 to highe/     
c\rage4  ,:5 turn+ f contemplation we   
?r[ ourselves into ! "w & ! battle1 a   
pulse ( div9e en]gy bl5ds ) our noble/  
ef=t1 t\*es our joy ) an ineffable      
sweetness1 & hu%es our sorr[ l a *ild   
fold$ 9 its "m's arms4  ,! key ( ! _w is
 giv5 into our h&s :5 we ?r[ ourselves  
unres]v$ly into ! s]vice ( ! highe/ tru?
 we "k1 ) fidelity to ! "r z ,god gives 
u to see ! "r4  ,s x is t we may f9d    
ourselves    ,w$d$ to ?is goodly univ]se
   ,9 love & holy passion4     ,,iii  ,a
 ,,travel]',s ,,note-,,book  ,a t\ri/ :o
 roams = a brief :ile ?r\gh "s great    

c\ntry l ,engl& or ,russia may jot d[n a
 few ( ! impressions :i* come home to   
him1 mak+ no pret5se at complet5ess or  
symmetry ( description4 ,s1 "o :o has   
j\rney$ l a ha/y travel] ov] "s passages
 9 t va/ tract ( ye>s :i* we describe z 
! classic & ,*ri/ian civilizations1     
notes d[n 9 ! foll[+ pages a few ( !    
sali5t features t h impress$ him4  ,he  
has already prefac$ ?is ) a sort (      
outl9e map1 drawn l>gely f famili>      
au?orities1 "u ! title ,our ,spiritual  
,ance/ry2 & has fur!r v5tur$ to int]pret
 "s phases ( our own "t1 z ,! ,ideal (  
,to-,day4  ,n[ he goes on to gr\p a few 
obs]vations on "s special phases ( !    
hi/orical survey1 disclaim+ any attempt 
at exact proportion & p]spective1 b l+]+
 :]e ! prospect has pleas$ 8 fancy1 or  
at po9ts :i* seem$ to yield "s necess>y 
clew or fruitful sugge/ion4   ,:51 9 !  
poems be>+ ! "n ( ,hom]1 ! curta9 rises 
on ! drama ( man z x 0 act$ 9 ,greece1  
aft] ! immeasurable prehi/oric space1 we
 are amaz$ at ! sudd5 brilliance4  ,! m5

 & de$s br\ght be=e u are v>i\s 9 "* &  
wor?1--savage1 h]oic1 repulsive1        
beautiful1 by turns4  ,b ! ev]-pres5t   
*>m is man see+ ! _w ab\t him4  ,x is ! 
vividness ) :i* e object is se5 9 its   
di/9ctive =m & _s1 & convey$ by ! fit ^w
 & phrase4  ,s se5 & spok51 ! commone/  
object becomes a ?+ ( delight4  ,!      
high-ro($ h\se1 ! braz5 ?re%old1 !      
poli%$ *e/1 ! silv]-/udd$ sword1 !      
purple robes1--! tawny ox51 ! holl[     
%ips1 ! tap]+ o>s1--! w9e-d>k sea1 !    
rosy-f+]$ dawn1 ! gold-?ron$            
morn+1--,hector ( ! nodd+ plume1 !      
:ite-arm$ ,nausicaa1--s 9 long          
procession moves ! spectacle4  ,a l     
di/9ctness inve/s all ! actions &       
emotions ( ! /ory ) *>m4  ,to u1 z to ! 
poet1 ! _w becomes en*ant$ simply 9 be+ 
se54  ,& pres5tly we discov] a /range   
transfiguration t is be+ wr\ght4        
,exp]i5ces :i* 7 pa9ful or griev\s to ! 
actors & suff]]s become 9 !             
repres5tation ! s\rce ( ke5 pleasure to 
! he>]s or read]s4  ,! ,iliad is ma9ly a

 /ory ( m5 de/roy+ "o ano!r4  ,!        
,odyssey depicts a long /rife ) h>d%ip &
 dang]4 ,! m5 :o he>d ^? songs 7        
!mselves famili> ) ! fight1 ) ! w\nds & 
t]rors mix$ ) its en]gies & elations2 !y
 _h ta/$ ! p]ils ( %ipwreck & ( pirates4
  ,b z !y li/5$1 ! rehe>sal ( trials !  
c\nt]p>t ( _! own fill$ !m )            
exhil>ation4  ,we :o read 9 mod]n days1 
if less exp]i5c$ 9 blood%$ & bodily     
p]il1 yet 9 "s fa%ion h _h our %>e (    
battle & /orm2 & we1 too1 l ! fir/      
li/5]s1 dr9k 9 ! tale ) delight4  ,!    
poet1 9 o!r words1 has ! secret n only (
 see+ b ( idealiz+ ! actual _w4  ,we    
cat* f him "s subtle art by :i*1 /&+ a  
little alo( f ! pressure & turmoil ar\nd
 u1 (t5 felt z pa9ful or degrad+1 we see
 x ?r\gh an atmosph]e 9 :i* x becomes a 
spl5did & he>t-/irr+ sc5e4  ,at a lat]  
/age we may p]haps 9 a degree analyze ! 
*ange ( view2 we may p>tly und]/& h[    
?r\gh ! /ruggle ) evil man is /r5g!n$ & 
ennobl$2 h[ 9 su* /rife c\rage & sympa?y
 & t5d]ness are eng5d]$4  ,b long be=e  

we c ?us philosophize1 & to a degree :i*
 our philosophy c h>dly expla91 we are  
affect$ by ?is beauty & elevation imp>t$
 to ! spectacle ( human life by ! true  
poets4  ,we mod]ns read ,hom] ) delight 
9 ! roll ( ! music1 ! vividness ( !     
pictures1 ! humanity s ne> u 9 its      
ess5ce & s unlike 9 its dress4  ,:5 we  
inquire :at are ! moral ideals1 we are  
(t5 unc]ta9 h[ f> ! impressions made on 
u may diff] f ^? ( ! orig9al audi5ce1 or
 ! int5tion ( ! s+]4  ,b (t5 8 "w is l !
 pa9t+ ( great ,nature h]self4  ,we pass
 ^u x z we pass ^u ! facts ( life4  ,!  
sup]nal features 9 ! /ory are n "h      
discuss$4  ,! deities1 judg$ by our     
/&>ds1 h little ( div9ity4  ,beyond !   
grave lies a dim & dreamy realm4  ,all  
?is1 ) its great significance1 we "h    
omit1 to l+] a little on ! ess5tial &   
p]man5t humanity4  ,a*illes1 ! embodim5t
 ( p[] & passion1 j t\*$ ) human ru?2   
,hector1 ! selfless1 brave & g5tle      
*ampion2 ,odysseus1 victor 9 ! long     
pilgrimage by =titude & by wisdom1--^!  

are ! ?ree ideal types ( ! e>ly _w1     
portray$ by its noble/ g5ius4  ,! ,iliad
 culm9ates 9 ! triumph ( pity4  ,! he>t 
( ,zeus is melt$1 ! h>d] he>t ( ,a*illes
 is melt$1 be=e ! sorr[s ( b]eav$ old   
age4  ,an exquisite g5tl5ess brea!s     
?r\gh ! clos+ sc5es4  ,all ! wra? &     
t]ror & savag]y ( ! /ory h l$ up to ?is 
height ( pure compassion4  ,a new light 
falls on all t has gone be=e4  ,a*illes1
 ! fi]ce h]o ( ! e>li] /ory1 is out%one 
by 8 victim1 ,hector ( ! great & g5tle  
he>t4  ,! cr[n+ ^w ( praise1 aft] fa!r1 
"m1 wife h utt]$ _! lam5t1 is spok5 by !
 frail woman ^: s9 _h br\ght ru9 on     
,hector & 8 p3 ,if any o!r haply        
upbraid$ me 9 ! palace halls1 !n w\ld/  
?\ soo! su* ) words1 & refra9 !m by !   
g5tl5ess ( ?y _s & by ?y g5tle words4   
,!re=e bewail ,i !e ) pa9 at he>t1 & my 
hapless self ) !e1 = no m is any left 9 
wide ,troy-l& to be my fri5d & k9d to   
me1 b all m5 %udd] at me4  ,we see ! s9 
( man & woman wreck+ nations & leav+ !  
s9n] 9 dre>y isolation4  ,we see        

unrel5t+ wra?1 ev5 :5 provok$ by wrong1 
spread+ woe ^u ! innoc5t1 & at la/ smit+
 ! wra?ful man ?r\gh 8 de>e/ affections4
  ,we see ! h]oism :i* meets dea? 9     
def5se ( ! belov$1 yet has only t5d]    
pity = h] :o has wr\ght ! ru94  ,!      
,iliad is mo/ly w>1--m5 act+ hell on    
e>?1 z ,goe! said4  ,b 9 ! ,odyssey !   
goal ( ! h]o is 8 home4  ,! magnet is n 
,hel5's beauty1 b ,p5elope's            
fai?fulness4  ,odysseus1 mighty w>rior1 
crafty lead]1--:o ) 8 sword has smitt5 !
 ,trojans1 by 8 wiles de/roy$ _!        
city1--,odysseus is driv5 = t5 ye>s     
?r\gh ho/ile seas & m5 & gods by !      
compell+ passion ( home-sickness6  ,9 ! 
,odyssey1 x is ! battle ) ! sea :i* does
 mo/ to t\gh5 & supple & make           
indomitable4  ,! soldi] & sailor are !  
pione]s ( ! race4  ,^! & ! till] ( ! e>?
 are ! /rong roots out ( :i* are to gr[ 
! fl[] & fruit4  ,9 ! ,iliad1 woman     
appe>s 9 ,hel5 z ! tempt+ prize & ! gage
 ( battle1 & 9 ,&rom$a z ! t5d] wife    
=$oom$ to b]eavem5t & captivity4  ,9 !  

,odyssey1 woman plays a high] "p--z     
,p5elope1 fai?ful & prud5t & pati5t     
wife1 fit sp\se = ,odysseus2 z          
,eurydice1 ! devot$ old nurse2 & z      
,nausicaa1 lovelie/ ( pri/9e maid5s4  ,!
 /ory ( h] wor? %all nev] die2 b = all  
humank9d immortal ones %all make a      
gladsome song 9 praise ( /eadfa/        
,p5elope4  ,x is a noble /ory3 !        
fidelity ( a wife1 ! undaunt$ c\rage ( a
 man2 a long battle ) adv]sity1 cr[n$ ) 
! joy ( love's reunion2 ! meet+ )       
s]vant1 nurse1 dog1 son1 wife1 fa!r4    
,odysseus fights 8 battle z e h]o       
mu/1--aga9/ ho/ile nature & man1--by    
c\rage & pati5ce & craft1 & a confid5ce 
t ! heav5ly p[] w someh[ br+ him ?r\gh4 
,s at ! he>t ( ! ,iliad & ! ,odyssey is 
an au/]e & sweet message4  ,! s+]s :o   
embodi$ x 9 tales :i* /ir e pulse )     
delight 7 among ! supreme tea*]s (      
mank9d4  ,! inn] mean+ ( humanity's /ory
 :i* _! songs display is /ill ! lesson  
set u1--out ( adv]sity man may w9       
=titude2 ?r\gh battle1 %ipwreck1 &      

ov]?r[ he scales ! heights ( manhood2 & 
! fai?ful pilgrimage ends 9 a home :i*  
is de>] = all tr\bles pa/4  ,! ,hom]ic  
poems %[ man 9 8 fir/ full awak+ to     
beauty & to music4  ,!y %[ m4  ,!       
fa%ion+ ( ! sup]nal _w 9 man's m9d v>ies
 ) p & ) "t4  ,"h x is ,zeus & ,hades1  
aga9 x w be ,jehovah & ,satan1 & !n     
,heav5 & ,hell4  ,b 9 ! ,iliad &        
,odyssey ! human he>t recognizes its    
rightful lords z long z x %all          
endure1--,c\rage & ,pity1 ,=titude &    
,fidelity4   ,socrates is ! man :o has  
actually a*iev$ goodness1 & tries to    
make a sci5ce & art ( goodness1 to f9d a
 way 9 :i* x c be cle>ly kn[n &         
rationally & effectively taught4  ,c    
virtue be taught8 is 8 *>act]i/ic "q4   
,! *ief result ( 8 ke5 scrut9y is to br+
 to light h[ little m5 really "k ( !    
high] life1--h[ little he kn[s ( x      
himself4  ,! effect ( ?is revelation (  
ignorance is n a despair ( tru?1 b a    
humility :i* is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom4 ,!   
deepe/ ?+ 9 ,socrates is 8 k ( ! good   

life z a reality1 & ( ! joy & peace :i* 
x br+s4  ,secure 9 ?is1 he c g on 9 !   
mo/ fe>less temp]1 & ev5 ) light-he>t$  
je/+1 to sift ! que/ions4               
,intellectually1 8 ma9 a*ievem5t is to  
br+ out cle>ly ! problems to be fac$1 & 
to give an imm5se /imulus to ! high]    
class ( m9ds4  ,9 ! picture ( ,socrates 
by ,x5ophon 9 ! ,memorabilia1 :i* be>s  
all ! m>ks ( true portraiture1 goodness 
goes ) happ9ess & k4  ,x is a mo/ w9n+  
comb9ation--beautiful z a ,greek /atue4 
,x5ophon lays /ress on 8 happ9ess1 b !  
basis is self-comm&4  ,among a p :]e ev5
 religion & philosophy 7 tol]ant (      
s5suality1 he 0 pure4  ,he 0 h>dy1 tra9$
 to be> heat & cold1 temp]ate1 simple1  
fai?ful to civic duty1 a rev]5t wor%ip] 
( ! gods1 wat*ful = ! div9e lead+4      
,x5ophon %[s him absorb$ 9 tea*+1 imp>t+
 ! be/ he has f\nd1 nev] s happy z :5 he
 c w9 a "y man to virtue4  ,8 ideal     
society is ! union ( ^? :o toge!r are   
seek+ goodness & k4  ,8 pati5ce is %[n  
"u ! wor/ ( dome/ic annoyances1 a scold+

 wife1--he says he ?us le>ns to be> all 
o!r crosses4  ,8 admonition to 8 son to 
be> ) h] %[s g5u9e t5d]ness4  ,he has ! 
h]oic quality4  ,he resi/s ! rag+ p1 &  
refuses ! "p assign$ him 9 vot+ ! dea?  
s5t5ce on ! g5]als ^: defeat _h be5 a   
mis=tune & n a fault4  ,he calmly       
disobeys ! ,?irty ,tyrants1 at ! risk ( 
8 life4  ,he dies at la/1 a tranquil    
m>tyr to fe>less tru?-speak+4  ,he      
tea*es nobly ( ,provid5ce1 ! ,supreme1 !
 guidance f above4  ,he con=ms to !     
religion ( 8 p1 :ile plant+ a high]     
tru?4 ,:5 ,a!ns1 fai?fully w>n$ by him 9
 va91 0 s9k+ t[>d ru9 & decay1 he 0 s[+ 
! se$s ( spiritual h>ve/s = future      
g5]ations1 l ,jesus :5 ,judea 0 tott]+  
to its fall4  ,9 ! intellectual         
developm5t ( man's high] life he holds a
 place n unlike t ( ,jesus 9 ! emotional
 developm5t4  ,socrates1 z ,x5ophon     
describes him1 goes no f>!r z a tea*]   
?an to impress ! pr9ciples ( conduct z  
!y 7 g5]ally accept$ by good m5 ( ! "t1 
) peculi> p]suasiv5ess4  ,b ,plato %[s  

him z an orig9al inve/igator ( ! human  
m9d & ! univ]se4  ,9 ?is !re is an      
und\bt$ trait ( true portraiture1 b its 
limit is v difficult to trace1 because 9
 ,plato's dialogues ! ma/] is made !    
m\?piece ( all ! pupil's philosophy4  ,!
 mo/ di/9ctive feature :i* c be id5tifi$
 z t ( ,socrates himself is !           
cross-exam9ation4  ,"u ?is process1     
high-s\nd+ g5]alities1--put 9 ! m\?s (  
speak]s 9 ! dialogues1 ! :ole ^w-play   
set =? ) exquisite grace & *>m1--are %[n
 by a rigid sift+ to resolve !mselves   
into nebul\s & baseless figm5ts1--! m]e 
simulacra ( true k4  ,! conv]sations    
glide f ?is de/ructive analysis into a  
con/ructive philosophy1 & !n we soon    
feel t x is ,plato r ?an ,socrates :om  
we are gett+4  ,! great contribution (  
,socrates himself to philosophy is !    
attitude he impress$--( inquiry :i* is  
s]i\s because seek+ ! f\ndations (      
virtue & happ9ess1 & is inexorable 9 its
 insi/5ce on no?+ less ?an solid        
reality4  ,aga9/ all allurem5ts (       

indol5ce1 com=t1 & social conv5tion he  
presses ! "q1 ,:at is true8  ,8         
*>act]i/ic ^w is3  ,"s ?+s1 ,m5o1 ,i h  
said ( :i* ,i am n altoge!r confid5t4 ,b
 t we %all be bett] & brav] & less      
helpless if we ?9k t we ought to inquire
 ?an we %\ld h be5 if we indulg$ 9 !    
idle fancy t !re 0 no kn[+ & no use 9   
se>*+ aft] :at we "k n2 t is a !me ^u   
:i* ,i am ready to fight1 9 ^w & de$1 to
 ! utmo/ ( my p[]4   ,plato took f      
,socrates n me?od b inspiration1 & so>$ 
into speculation4  ,he wrote ov] ! door 
( ! ,academy1 ,let no "o ent] "h :o does
 n "k geometry4  ,t is1 y are fir/ to   
acquire absolute confid5ce1 by          
famili>ity ) ! demon/rations (          
ma!matics1 t real & c]ta9 k is          
accessible to ! human m9d4  ,?us plant+ 
8 foot on firme/ c]ta9ty1 ,plato leaps  
(f into a glori\s sea ( cl\ds4  ,fla%es 
( insight & sublime allegory mix )      
fanta/ic !ory & ^w-play4  ,! va/ range (
 8 ?\ght we w t\* only at two po9ts4  ,9
 ! ,symposium & ! ,pha$rus he discusses 

9 8 mo/ brilliant ve9 ! problem ( love4 
,to ! read] :o has inh]it$ ! e?ical     
ideal ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,plato's love w    
seem l ! image 9 ,nebu*adnezz>'s        
vision1--! head ( gold1 ! feet ( miry   
clay4  ,he has a tol]ation = "s aspects 
( s5suality ( :i* ,paul said1 x is a    
%ame ev5 to speak2 & ?is tol]ance1 9 !  
greate/ ( ! classic philosoph]s1 is !   
mo/ pregnant sugge/ion ( ! cleans+ "w   
:i* x 0 left = ,*ri/ianity to und]take4 
,yet ,plato tea*es mo/ impressively !   
subord9ation ( s5se to _s 9 love1 & !   
/ruggle ( ! two 9 man has seldom be5 set
 =? m p[]fully ?an 9 8 figure ( ! two   
yok$ horses3 ! :ite1 cele/ial /e$       
/ruggl+ upw>d2 ! black1 unruly "o plung+
 d[n1 :ile ,reason1 ! *>iote]1 /rives to
 guide4  ,9 ! description ( ,love :i*   
,socrates pr(esses to quote f ! wise    
woman ( ,mant9eia1 !re is ! v height ( !
 ,platonic philosophy1--! gradual       
sublimation ( human passion to !        
recognition ( all noble =ms & ideas1 &  
at la/ to ! vision ( ! ,div9e ,beauty   

:i* is "o ) ,wisdom & ) ,love4  ,! true 
ord] ( go+ or be+ l$ by ano!r to ! ?+s (
 love is to use ! beauties ( e>? z /eps 
along :i* he m\nts upw>ds = ! sake ( t  
o!r beauty1 go+ f "o to two1 & f two to 
all fair =ms1 & f fair =ms to fair      
actions1 & f fair actions to fair       
notions1 until f fair notions he arrives
 at ! notion ( absolute beauty1 & at la/
 kn[s :at ! ess5ce ( beauty is4  ,:at if
 man _h eyes to see ! true beauty--!    
div9e beauty1 ,i mean1 pure & cle> &    
unalloy$1 n clogg$ ) ! pollution (      
mortality1 & all ! colors & vanities (  
human life--?i!r look+ & hold+ conv]se )
 ! true beauty div9e & simple1 & br++   
into be+ & educat+ true creations (     
virtue1 & n idols only8 ,d y n see t 9 t
 communion only1 behold+ beauty ) ! eye 
( ! m9d1 he w be enabl$ to br+ =?1 n    
images ( beauty1 b realities2 = he has  
hold n ( an image b ( a reality1--& w be
 enabl$1 br++ =? & educat+ true virtue1 
to become ! fri5d ( ,god & be immortal1 
if mortal man may4 #a  ,x is l>gely to  

,plato t we owe ! idea ( immortality z x
 exi/s 9 ! m9d ( ! civiliz$ _w to-day4  
,! belief 9 a cont9u$ exi/5ce beyond    
dea? is mu* old]2 x is se5 9 ! ,iliad1  
:]e ! appe>ance ( ! dead ,patroclus to  
,a*illes 9 a dream is accept$ z !       
assurance ( a %ad[y & =lorn h]eaft]2 & 9
 ! ,odyssey ! visit ( ! h]o to ! l& (   
%ades is portray$ ) a free & gloomy     
imag9ation4  ,x 0 a belief :i* among !  
e>li] ,greeks _h little p[] ei!r to     
console or to guide4  ,9 ! age (        
,socrates1 x seems to h signifi$ little 
9 ! m9ds ( ! or?odox & pi\s4 ,! great   
trag$ians1 :o sublimate ! popul>        
my?ology1 = ! mo/ "p reg>d ! aft]-life z
 only a sad inevitable sequel2 & to be  
snat*$ back f x = ev5 a brief reprieve1 
l ,alke/is1 is miracul\s good =tune4  ,!
 greate/ ( ! trag$ians 9 8 highe/ rea*1 
,sophocles 9 ,o$ipus at ,colonus1 inve/s
 ! dep>ture ( ! h]o1 :o has be5 purifi$ 
by suff]+1 ) a my/ic radiance1 a light t
 nev] 0 on sea or l&1 ! promise z x 7 ( 
"s future too sublime = mortal words4   

,b ! philosophy ( ,socrates 0 direct$ r 
to ! cle> p5etration ( ! me?od & secret 
( e>?ly life1 ?an to any vision ( !     
h]eaft]4  ,x is noticeable t ,x5ophon1 !
 loyal disciple & biograph] ( ,socrates1
 himself ( ! be/ type ( or?odox piety1 &
 zeal\s to v9dicate 8 ma/] f ! *>ge (   
irreligion1--,x5ophon1 9 all ! /ory ( ! 
ma/]'s life & dea?1 gives n a h9t ( any 
future hope4  ,b ,plato develop$ ! idea 
t 9 man !re resides an ess5tial1        
inde/ructible pr9ciple1 sup]ior to !    
physical frame :i* is its home & may be 
ei!r its s]vant or ma/]--a pr9ciple :i* 
manife/s itself 9 ?\ght1 aspiration1    
virtue2 :i* has exi/$ be=e ! body & w   
exi/ aft] x2 :i* *ooses = itself an     
upw>d or d[nw>d pa?2 & :i* rightly t5ds 
to a cele/ial & immortal de/9y4  ,!     
?\ght nev] won univ]sal acceptance ev5  
among philosoph]s2 x _h only an indirect
 & slight effect on ! ,/oicism :i* 0 !  
be/ religi\s product ( anci5t           
philosophy4  ,b x wr\ght by degrees all 
effect on ! ?9k+ ( mank9d4  ,:ile ! l(ty

 fai? ( ! ,egyptian pass$ away leav+ no 
visible fruit1 ! idea ( ,plato sl[ly    
suffus$ ) its light & w>m? ! curr5t (   
human aspirations4  ,meantime1 ! lat]   
,jewi% belief 9 a h]eaft]--9 its =m a   
mu* crud] conception ( a physical       
revival f ! grave--flam$ up 9 a         
passionate ardor1 z ! sequ5ce ( ! life &
 tea*+ ( ,jesus4  ,! ,platonic & !      
,*ri/ian belief sprang f a l s\rce4     
,ea* 0 born f ! dea? ( a man s great & s
 belov$ z to give ! impression ( "s     
imp]i%able quality4  ,socrates1 ) 8     
noble "* & aim1 0 put to dea? z a       
crim9al4  ,0 t ! end ( x all8           
,impossible--mon/r\s--nev]1 if ?is _w be
 inde$ a cosmos4  ,! "o firm c]ta9ty :i*
 ,socrates seems to h held1 ,no evil c  
happ5 to a good man 9 life or           
dea?1--fla%es 9 ,plato's m9d into a     
glori\s hope ( immortality1 embodi$ 9 8 
l(tie/ passage1 ! picture ( ! dy+       
,socrates4  ,! s\l :5 )drawn f all      
outw>d objects & rapt 9 contemplation is
 ne>e/ to ! div9e1--?is is ! c5tral     

?\ght ( ! ,pha$o4  ,x is pursu$ ) mu*   
subtle argum5tation1 ( :i* ! ess5tial   
residuum is ?is3 ! s\l's action is pure/
 & mo/ int5se :5 f>!/ )drawn f ! visible
 & tangible _w1--& h5ce we guess t h]   
true & et]nal home is 9 t invisible     
realm ( :i* all ?is mat]ial univ]se is b
 ! veil & symbol4  ,b m impressive ?an !
 argum5t1 m mov+ to ! human he>t1 is !  
picture :i* is giv5 ( ,socrates himself 
z ! h\r ( dea? comes on1--! exaltation (
 all 8 famili> traits1 ! playfulness s  
exquisitely bl5t ) s]i\sness1 ! se>*+   
?\ght1 ! frank human desire to be       
conv9c$ by 8 own argum5t1--! *>m ( 8    
fri5dly ways1 ! h& play+ ) ,pha$o's     
hair1 ! tak+ ( ! cup 9 ! easie/ & g5tle/
 mann]1 )\t ! lea/ fe> or *ange ( color1
 look+ at ! man ) all 8 eyes z 8 mann]  
01--! la/ ^w1 ( calm rem9d] ( a trivial 
obligation1--! :ole sc5e ( maje/ic &    
t5d] peace1 l a sunset4  ,x is a sc5e   
:i* reconciles u to life1 & makes u no  
long] impati5t ev5 ( our unc]ta9ties4 ,x
 speaks ) a voice l t ( ,l&or's v]se3-- 

,dea? /&s above me1 :isp]+ l[1     ,i "k
 n :at into my e>1   ,( 8 /range        
language all ,i "k     ,is1--!re is n a 
^w ( fe>4   ,to ! mod]n read] !re is a  
s+ul> contradiction betwe5 ! doctr9e (  
,lucretius & 8 temp]4  ,! d5ial ( any   
div9e sup]vision ( human life1 or any   
h]eaft] = man2 ! dom9ion ov] all exi/5ce
 ( purely mat]ial law1--?is seems to u  
to de/roy man's de>e/ fai? & hope4  ,?is
 is ! tea*+ ( ,lucretius1 yet on ?is    
road he m>*es ) a /ep s firm & buoyant1 
an eye s awake to all beauty & gr&eur1 a
 _s s elate1 t z we read we cat* ! en]gy
 & elation4  ,! read+ ( ! riddle is ?is3
 ! religion aga9/ :i* ,lucretius made 8 
attack 0 n ! so>+ idealism ( ,plato1 nor
 ! inspir+ & consolatory fai? (         
,*ri/ianity1 b an outworn my?ology 9 :i*
 ?is _w 0 rul$ by caprici\s & unwor?y   
despots1 & ! next _w 0 gloomy ) t]rors &
 almo/ unlight$ by hopes4  ,su* _h      
become ! popul> my?ology 9 its lat] day1
 & z contra/$ ) ?is ! view & temp] (    
,lucretius are rational & manly4  ,8    

message w5t f> beyond a negation2 he    
ann\nc$ "o ( ! greate/ discov]ies ( !   
human _s--! uni=mity ( nature4  ,well   
might ! g5ius ( poetry & ! vigor (      
manhood unite to make ! message         
impressive & spl5did4  ,n caprice1 b    
ord]1--n conflict1 b h>mony1--n deifi$  
p>tialities & spites & lu/s1 b exalt$ & 
un*ang+ law1 rules ! univ]se6  ,:5      
,lucretius essay$ to def9e 9 :at ?is law
 consi/s1 he fell hopelessly %ort ( !   
m>k4  ,9 8 revulsion f ! *aos & pett9ess
 ( man-l div9ities1 he fix$ on mat]ial  
=ces1--cle>ly to be se5 & p]man5t 9 _!  
op]ation1--z ! only & suffici5t cause & 
ord]4  ,^? =ces1 by a brilliant guess1  
he resolv$ into an int]play ( atoms4  ,f
 ?is basis he project$ a physical !ory1 
:i* we "k n[ 0 q inadequate ev5 =       
mat]ial ph5om5a1 :ile ! application ( x 
to human ?\ght & w 0 hopelessly         
insuffici5t4  ,view$ f ?is /&po9t1 !    
spectacle ( human life takes on a       
sadness :i* ! poet's g5ius _c dispel1 & 
sometimes int5sifies4  ,to man's inn] _w

 ,lucretius has no s]viceable key4  ,b  
he is to be judg$ n by :at he miss$ b by
 :at he ga9$4  ,he above all o!rs /&s z 
! discov]] ( "o ( ! few c>d9al tru?s by 
:i* to-day we int]pret ! univ]se1--!    
con/ancy ( nature4  ,! g5ius (          
,lucretius did = ! realm ( ?\ght :at    
,roman /atesman%ip did = ! nations1--x  
br\ght peace & ord] among w>r+ elem5ts1 
by ! imposition ( a rule :i* 0 (t5 n>r[ 
& h>%1 b :i* 0 firm1 /able1 & !         
f\ndation = fair] & fre] gr[?s4         
,already 9 ,lucretius1 & n[ aga9 9      
,epictetus1 we h pass$ f ! ,greek into !
 ,roman _w4  ,x is a *ange p>tly ( race1
 p>tly ( "t1 & x is 9 close analogy ) ! 
successive phases ( ! human _s4  ,!     
my?ology :i* satisfi$ ! y\? ( ! _w _h   
gr[n unlovely & unreal4  ,plato's       
spl5did imag9+s _h yield$ nei!r a secure
 basis to ! ?9k] nor a moral guidance to
 ! common man4 ,lucretius's             
int]pretation ( all ev5ts z ! product ( 
mat]ial law _h small p[] to su/a9 or *e]
 :5 ! intellectual gl[ ( ! bold         

innovator _h subsid$4  ,?\ghtful m5     
s\ght z _! "o supreme necessity an      
adequate & wor?y rule ( life4  ,s !re 0 
wr\ght out1 or grew1 ! ,/oic philosophy4
  ,bas$ on an intellectual !ory1 its    
work+ /r5g? lay 9 its consonance ) ! be/
 habits & aptitudes eng5d]$ 9 ! _w's    
actual exp]i5ce4  ,! ,greek type 0      
beauty1 pleasure1 ?\ght1 fre$om2 !      
,roman type 0 law1 ob$i5ce1 self-ma/]y4 
,! legion 0 ! s*ool ( discipl9e &       
fidelity4  ,! =um 0 ! !atre :]e classes 
& p>ties1 ?r\gh rude jo/l+1 work$ out an
 effici5t political ord]4  ,a ,greek    
?9k] gave ! m\ld1 & ,roman virtue gave !
 metal1 ( ! ,/oic type4  ,we may be/    
/udy t type 9 ,epictetus1--once a slave1
 aft]w>d a tea*]2 s c>eless ( fame t he 
left no writt5 "w1 & we h only !        
priceless notes tak5 d[n by a fai?ful   
s*ol>1 mak+ a book ^: /amp ( h]oic      
manhood tw5ty c5turies h n dimm$4  ,man 
is ma/] ( 8 fate4  ,! true aim ( life is
 goodness1 & goodness is )9 ! comm& ( ! 
w4  ,! lawgiv] is ,nature1 & ,nature    

bids u to be j1 /rong1 pure1 & to seek !
 good ( our fell[s4  ,su* 0 ! ess5ce (  
,/oicism4  ,z to deity1 provid5ce1 or a 
h]eaft]1--belief & hope v>i$1 accord+ to
 ! individual2 b to ! true ,/oic !      
all-important matt] 01 ,act well y\r "p1
 "h & n[4  ,9 ,epictetus is always !    
note ( reality & ( victory4  ,:ile      
actually a slave1 he has le>n$ ! secret 
( inw>d fre$om4  ,8 ess5tial doctr9e is 
t good & evil reside :olly 9 ! w1 & ! w 
is free4  ,z we *oose1 s we are4  ,& by 
! "r *oice we f9d ourselves 9 h>mony ) !
 univ]se4  ,?\gh ,epictetus cont9ually  
appeals to reason1 8 basal ^w is to ! w4
  ,be con/ant to duty--accept ! ord] (  
?+s z good1 & be true to ! highe/       
law--rev]e nature1 ! e/abli%$ ord]2 obey
 nature1 ! ideal law4  ,take all = !    
be/1 & y make all = ! be/4  ,mo/        
practical & inspir+ are 8 c\nsels4  ,!  
w> mu/ be wag$ 9 ! inmo/ ?\ghts4  ,!    
images t rise to s$uce1 ! images t rise 
to dismay1 are to be f\ght d[n & driv5  
away4  ,be n hurri$ away by ! rapidity (

 ! appe>ance1 b say1 ,appe>ances1 wait =
 me a little2 let me see :o y are & :at 
y are ab\t2 let me put y to ! te/4  ,&  
!n d n all[ ! appe>ance to lead y on &  
draw lively pictures ( ! ?+s :i* w      
foll[1 = if y d1 x w c>ry y (f :]ev] x  
pleases4  ,b r br+ to oppose x "s o!r   
beautiful & noble appe>ance1 & ca/ out  
?is base appe>ance4  ,& if y are        
accu/om$ to be ex]cis$ 9 ?is way1 y w   
see :at %\ld]s1 :at s9ews1 :at /r5g? y  
h4 #b  ,be will+ at l5g? to be approv$  
by y\rself1 be will+ to appe> beautiful 
to ,god1 desire to be 9 purity ) y\r own
 pure self & ) ,god4  ,!n1 :5 any su*   
appe>ance visits y1 ,plato says1 ,h     
rec\rse to expiations1 g a suppliant to 
! temples ( ! av]t+ ,deities4  ,x is ev5
 suffici5t if y resort to ! society (   
noble & j m51 & comp>e y\rself ) !m1    
:e!r y f9d "o :o is liv+ or dead4  ,?is 
is ! true a?lete1 ! man :o ex]cises     
himself aga9/ su* appe>ances4  ,/ay1    
wret*1 d n be c>ri$ away4  ,great is !  
combat1 div9e is ! "w2 x is = k+%ip1 =  

fre$om1 = happ9ess1 = fre$om f          
p]turbation4  ,rememb] ,god1 call on him
 z a help] & protector1 z m5 at sea call
 on ! ,dioscuri 9 a /orm4  ,= :at is a  
great] /orm ?an t :i* comes f appe>ances
 :i* are viol5t & drive away ! reason8  
,epictetus1 comp>$ ) ,plato1 is ! w>rior
 philosoph] beside ! see+ philosoph]4   
,he is 9 close/ grip ) ! foe1 & 8 calm  
is ! calm ( ! victor hold+ d[n 8 enemy4 
,8 app>5t unconc]n z to ! h]eaft] is 9  
keep+ ) 8 :ole attitude1 :i* is t (     
*e]ful acquiesc5ce 9 ! div9e ord]1      
:atev] x be4  ,to be free1 n h9d]$1 n   
compell$1 con=m+ y\rself to !           
adm9i/ration ( ,zeus1 obey+ x1 well     
satisfi$ ) ?is1 blam+ no "o1 *>g+ no "o 
) fault1 able f y\r :ole s\l to utt] ^! 
v]ses3--    ,lead me1 ,o ,zeus1 & ?\1   
too1 ,de/9y4   ,he v9dicates ,provid5ce 
aga9/ inju/ice4  ,! unju/ man has !     
advantage1--9 :at8  ,9 money4  ,b ! j   
man has ! advantage 9 t he is fai?ful & 
mode/4  ,we ought to h ^! two pr9ciples 
9 read9ess1 t except ! w no?+ is good   

nor bad2 & t we ought n to lead ev5ts1 b
 to foll[ !m4  ,my bro!r ought n to h   
behav$ ?us to me4  ,no1 b he w see to t2
 &1 h[ev] he may behave1 ,i w conduct   
myself t[>d him z ,i ought4  ,z a m>k is
 n set up = ! purpose ( miss+ ! aim1 s  
nei!r does ! nature ( evil exi/ 9 ! _w4 
,t is1 x is inconceivable t ! univ]se is
 a blund]4  ,?is is "o ( ! fundam5tal   
ideas ( ,epictetus4  ,! inf]5ce is1 t   
man has only to def9e 8 true end &      
pursue x1 :i* is ! "r action ( ! w1 or z
 we %\ld say1 "r "*4  ,pursu+ ?is1 he   
nev] f9ds himself ?w>t$ or unfri5d$1    
nev] rebels or mi/ru/s ! gods4  ,!      
sub/ance ( 8 message is3 ,on ! occasion 
( e accid5t 7ev5t7 t befalls y1 rememb] 
to turn to y\rself & inquire :at p[] y h
 = turn+ x to use4  ,god has deliv]$    
y\rself to y\r own c>e1 & says1 ',i _h  
no fitt] "o to intru/ him to ?an        
y\rself2 keep him = me su* z he is by   
nature1 mode/1 fai?ful1 erect1          
unt]rifi$1 free f passion &             
p]turbation4'  ,god1 says ,epictetus1   

has made me 8 witness to m54  ,= ?is    
purpose he leads me at "o "t hi!r1 at   
ano!r "t s5ds me ?i!r2 %[s me to m5 z   
poor1 )\t au?ority & sick2 s5ds me to   
,gy>a1 leads me into prison1 n because  
he hates me1--f> f him be su* a mean+1 =
 :o hates ! be/ ( 8 s]vants8 nor yet    
because he c>es n = me1 = he does n     
neglect any1 ev5 ( ! smalle/ ?+s2 b he  
does ?is = ! purpose ( ex]cis+ me & mak+
 use ( me z a witness to o!rs4  ,be+    
appo9t$ to su* a s]vice1 d ,i /ill c>e  
ab\t ! place 9 :i* ,i am1 or ) :om ,i   
am1 or :at m5 say ab\t me8 & d ,i n     
entirely direct my ?\ghts to ,god1 & to 
8 in/ructions & comm&s8  ,?us he falls  
back on ! life ( ! _s1--simple1 sure1   
victori\s4 ,to place all good 9 "* is ! 
secret4  ,f virtue gr[s piety4 ,x is    
desire set on ext]nals1 & s disappo9t$1 
t br+s discont5t1 rep9+1 impiety4  ,yet 
,epictetus has di/9ct & s]i\s           
limitations4  ,he assumes t to avoid all
 p]turbation is ! aim ( ! wise man4     
,?is c be accompli%$ only by ! sacrifice

 ( all objects ( desire :i* lie outside 
( ! control ( ! w1 & he advises ?is     
sacrifice4  ,if y love an e>!n vessel1  
say x is an e>!n vessel :i* y love2 = :5
 x has be5 brok5 y w n be di/urb$4  ,if 
y are kiss+ y\r *ild or wife1 say t x is
 a human be+ :om y are kiss+1 = :5 !    
wife or *ild dies y w n be di/urb$4     
,all joys b ! purely moral are to be    
despis$4  ,9 go+ to ! !atre "o %\ld be  
indiff]5t to :o ga9s ! prize4  ,?is     
attempt$ indiff]5ce to all ! great &    
little pleasures ( life :i* h no di/9ct 
moral "*1 if successful1 makes an       
ascetic1 & ( mo/ m5 is liable to make   
prigs4  ,x is ! vice ( ,puritanism4  ,! 
mod]n _w is rip] & ri*] ?an ! ,roman _w4
  ,we say n[1 ! ideal man is n          
unp]turb$4  ,p]turbations are inevitable
 to ! man normally & highly develop$1 ) 
s5sibilities & sympa?ies ke5ly alive4   
,! true aim is to include composure1 b n
 z sole & supreme4  ,?is is a m complex 
developm5t ?an ! ,/oic1 less capable    
p]haps ( symmetrical complet5ess1 b     

gr&]1 z a ,go?ic *ur* is gr&] ?an a     
,greek temple4  ,aga91 ! assumption (   
,epictetus & ( all ! ,/oics t ! w is    
:olly free1 t man has only to *oose &   
seek goodness & he c p]fectly a*ieve x1 
misses ! famili> & bitt] exp]i5ce (     
humanity1 t too (t5 man c>ries 8 prison 
& fett]s )9 himself4  ,a ,roman poet    
voic$ x3 ,meliora video proboque1       
det]iora sequor4  ,paul spoke x3 ,! good
 t ,i w\ld1 ,i d n2 & ! evil ,i w\ld n1 
t ,i d4  ,b ,epictetus himself is "o ( !
 great s\ls :o are n to be describ$ by !
 label ( any cre$4  ,he has 9 himself ! 
secret ( spiritual victory1 & he has a  
peculi> p[] to imp>t x4  ,! limitations 
( ,/oicism z a cre$ are m pla9ly se5 9  
,m>cus ,aurelius4  ,8 "*1 reveal$ 9 !   
fi]ce light t beats ^u a ?rone1 is ( r>e
 nobility & beauty4  ,to a man's /r5g?  
he unites a woman's t5d]ness4  ,j       
because ( t t5d]ness1 & ! deep he>t (   
:i* x is ! fl[]1 ! philosophy he s      
bravely practices gives him b a bleak & 
*ill abid+-place4  ,?r\gh 8             

,m$itations--manly1 wise1 & graci\s--!re
 runs a deep note ( sadness4  ,= ?is    
man's nature cri$ out = love1 & n ev5   
fai?fule/ duty c take ! place ( love4   
,/oicism 0 ! mo/ di/9ct embodim5t ( !   
virtues ( ! classic _w4  ,^? virtues    
%one 9 _m :o did n pr(ess !mselves to be
 ( ! ,/oic s*ool4  ,plut>*'s gall]y (   
portraits is a "p ( ! _w's be/          
possession4  ,8 h]oes belong n to _! own
 "t alone4 ,!y may be di/+ui%$ 9 "s     
broad respects f ! sa9ts & sages ( o!r  
l&s & times2 "s advance ( type may be   
trac$ 9 ! highe/ products ( ! successive
 ages2 b :ile "o turns ! pages (        
,plut>*1 he sc>cely asks = bett]        
company4  ,:y1 !n1 did ,/oic philosophy 
fail ( m wide or la/+ success among     
mank9d8  ,because--we may p]haps        
answ]--its *ief weapon 0 ! reason+      
intellect1 9 :i* only a few c\ld be     
pr(ici5t4  ,because1 fix+ its ideal 9   
imp]turbability1 x d5i$ s5sibilities (  
affection1 joy1 & hope1 :i* are a l>ge  
"p ( normal humanity4 ,because1 9 its   

lack ( natural sci5ce1 & its revulsion f
 ! my?ologic deities1 x isolat$ man 9 ! 
univ]se1 claim+ = ! individual w a      
sov]eignty :i* ignor$ ! ensph]+ play (  
natural =ces1 & d5y+ to ! he>t any      
outrea* beyond ! e>?ly & f9ite4  ,if we 
may v5ture to summ>ize ! defects (      
anci5t philosophy 9 two words--x lack$  
womanl9ess & x lack$ k4  ,we are n[ to  
/udy ! build+ up ( ano!r side ( ! ideal 
man4 ,philosophy _h essay$ a religion ( 
! intellect & ! w2 n[ f ,judaism sprang 
,*ri/ianity1 a religion ( ! imag9ation &
 ! he>t4   ,! highe/ outcome ( ! classic
 civilization 0 ! cle> conception &     
/r5u\s practice ( "r = its own sake4  ,!
 outcome ( ,judaism 9 ,*ri/ianity 0     
ess5tially ! belief & feel+ ( an        
intimate union betwe5 man & a high] p[]1
 ) love & ob$i5ce on ! "o side1 love &  
provid5ce on ! o!r4  ,9 ! va/ tract (   
,greek-,roman hi/ory1 we h look$ at only
 a few ( ! highe/ m\nta9 peaks--! noble/
 contributions4  ,b s9ce ! ,*ri/ian *ur*
 /ill treats ! ,old ,te/am5t z "o ( its 

*>t] docum5ts1 we ne$ to enl>ge a little
 ^u ! g5]al outl9e & color ( ,jewi%     
hi/ory1 & we mu/ recognize ! %ad[s z    
well z ! lights4  ,! traditional        
int]pretation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* is  
/ill curr5t is bas$ on successive       
misconceptions1 ov]lay+ & bl5d+ ) ea*   
o!r l close-pil$ geologic /rata4  ,pi\s 
int5t ( ! orig9al writ]s1 %ap+ _! facts 
to suit _! !ories--lat] assumptions (   
inspiration & infallibility 9 !         
records--!ologic sy/ems qu>ri$ & built  
out ( ^! mat]ials--! suppos$ dep5d5ce ( 
! mo/ preci\s fai?s ( mank9d ^u ^!      
misread+s ( hi/ory1--all ^! influ5ces1 )
 ! lapse ( "t1 h buri$ s deeply !       
orig9al facts1 t ! exhum+ & revivify+ ( 
! true /ory1 or at lea/ a tol]able      
similitude ( its ma9 l9es1 has impos$ a 
gigantic task ^u mod]n s*ol>%ip4  ,( !  
results ( ?is s*ol>%ip1 we may give "h  
only a k9d ( %or?& memor&um4  ,! ,old   
,te/am5t z a :ole1 ) preci\s exceptions1
 c only by a great /ret* ( imag9ation be
 claim$ z an integral "p ( ! book (     

religion--! title :i* ,mat!w ,arnold    
ass]ts = ! entire ,bible4  ,! phrase c  
sc>cely be appli$ to ! ,old ,te/am5t1   
unless x be read ?r\gh a m$ium sur*>g$ )
 association & prepossession4  ,mu* (   
its morality has be5 outgr[n2 _m ( its  
e>ly /ories are revolt+ to u3 mu*1 ( :i*
 ! inn] mean+ is at "o ) our deepe/     
life1 is disguis$ "u phraseology :olly  
ali5 to our mod]n ?\ght & spee*4  ,z a  
manual ( devotion1 or z a textbook = !  
"y1 ! ,old ,te/am5t c nev] aga9 fill su*
 a place z x fill$ to our fa!rs4  ,b we 
c /ill trace 9 x _m ( ! upw>d /eps ( !  
race1 & !re are portions :i* /ill hold a
 deep place 9 ! affections ( ! truly    
religi\s4  ,! m9d at c]ta9 /ages        
p]sonifies ! ,deity ) ! greate/ ease &  
naturalness4  ,! primitive man int]prets
 ! :ole _w ab\t him by ! analogy ( 8 own
 activity4  ,he sees 9 all ! ph5om5a (  
nature ! pres5ce ( p]sonal be+s1--be+s  
:o act & suff] & enjoy & love & hate z  
he does himself4  ,! sky1 ! sun1 ! w9d1 
! ocean1 repres5t ea* a sep>ate deity4  

,next1 ea* clan1 or city1 or nation1    
comes to reg>d itself z "u ! patronage (
 "o ( ^! deities4  ,! national god ( !  
,israelites1 at ! e>lie/ "t we "k !m1   
bore ! "n ( ,yahveh1--a "n m famili> to 
u "u ! =m ,jehovah4  ,orig9ally he 0    
probably ! god ( ! sun & fire4 ,8 acts 7
 se5 ev]y:]e1 8 motives guess$4  ,! heat
 & light ( ! sun--n[ illum9+1 n[        
fructify+1 n[ bla/+--7 8 imm$iate       
manife/ations4  ,lat]1 he 0 conceiv$ to 
favor c]ta9 k9ds ( human action4  ,he 0 
at fir/ appeas$ "u ! influ5ces (        
analogies f ! l[] side ( human          
nature1--,give him a pres5t1 some?+ to  
eat1 or to smell1 or to see4  ,!n came !
 idea t he 0 ! fri5d & favor] ( !       
righte\s1--( ! m]ciful & j4  ,!         
turn+-po9t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,judaism--!     
bir?-h\r ( religion z x has come d[n to 
u--is m>k$ by t great dimly-se5         
p]sonality1 ,moses1 :o taught t ! wor%ip
 ( ,yahveh =bade murd]1 adult]y1 !ft1   
false witness1 covet\sness4  ,! ,jews _h
 nei!r sci5ce nor logic2 !y _h no       

intellig5t induction z to nature1--h5ce 
!y nev] got beyond ! idea ( sup]natural 
int]v5tion4#c  ,app>5tly !y nev] *all5g$
 & sift$ _! fundam5tal ideas1--nev]     
rais$ ! "q z to ! actual exi/5ce (      
,yahveh4  ,!y saw & felt ! incongruities
 ( ! _w z a moral adm9i/ration1 &       
sometimes press$ ! inquiry1 z 9 ,job1   
,:y does ,yahveh ?us8  ,b ! d5ial ( any 
rul+ p]sonal ,w1 z by ,lucretius1 0     
impossible to !m4  ,!y 7 imag9ative1    
int5se1 & _! imag9ation got ! sav+      
e?ical impress especially f ! prophets4 
,judaism z a religion grew f ! ,law & ! 
,prophets4  ,f almo/ ! e>lie/ hi/oric "t
 !re exi/$ "s brief code (              
precepts1--probably an abbreviat$ =m (  
:at we "k z ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4  ,lat]    
came ! impassion$ prea*+ ( ! prophets4  
,/ill lat]1 !re 0 =mulat$ t elaborate   
/atute-book = :i* by a pi\s fiction 0   
claim$ ! au?ority ( ,moses4  ,! prophets
 spoke out ( an exaltation ( :i* no o!r 
acc\nt 0 giv5 ?an x 0 ! inspiration (   
,yahveh1--,?us sai? ! ,"l6 ,!y did n    

argue1 !y ass]t$--) a passion t br$     
conviction1 or at lea/ fe> & respect4   
,x is "h t ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,greek &
 ! ,hebrew me?od is mo/ m>k$4           
,socrates1 = example1 call$ himself !   
midwife ( m5's ?\ghts4  ,8 maxim 01 ,"k 
?yself4  ,8 cross-exam9ation 0 design$  
to make m5 see = !mselves4  ,t is1 he   
taught by reason4  ,b ! prophet's claim 
01 ,?us sai? ! ,"l6  ,he spoke out ( 8  
p]sonal & passionate conviction1 = :i*  
he believ$ he _h ! highe/ sup]natural   
sanction4  ,! he>t ( ! typical prophetic
 message 0 t ! ,rul] ( ! _w is a        
righte\s rul]1 & t ! s]vice he desires  
is righte\sness4  ,! e>ly prophets--su* 
z ,micah1 ,hosea1 ,amos--speak ) scorn (
 ! wor%ip by sacrifices1--:e!r ! fruits 
( ! e>?1 or slaught]$ bea/s1 or ! gha/ly
 (f]+ ( human life4 ,hosea cries3 ,i    
desir$ m]cy1 & n sacrifice2 & ! k ( ,god
 m ?an burnt (f]+s4  ,s ,micah speaks3  
,%all ,i come be=e him ) burnt (f]+s1 ) 
ye>l+ calves8  ,w ! ,"l be pleas$ )     
?\s&s ( rams or ) t5 ?\s&s ( riv]s (    

oil8  ,%all ,i give my fir/-born = my   
transgression1 ! fruit ( my body = ! s9 
( my s\l8  ,he ha? %[$ !e1 ,o man1 :at  
is good2 & :at do? ! ,"l require ( !e b 
to d ju/ly1 & to love m]cy1 & to walk   
humbly ) ?y ,god8  ,fur!r1 ! prophets   
assum$ to "k & decl>e ,yahveh's w on    
public affairs1 especially on ! gov]nm5t
 ( ! nation4  ,!y tri$ to dictate !     
attitude ( ,judea t[>d o!r k+doms--an   
attitude g5]ally ( pr\d defiance4  ,(t5 
_! c\nsel ignor$ ! actualities1 & help$ 
to precipitate ,judah & ,israel into    
hopeless conflicts ) _! mighty          
neighbors4  ,:5 9 ^! conflicts !y 7     
wor/$1 ! prophets laid ! disa/] to !    
idolatry or o!r wick$ness ( ! p4        
,f9ally came utt] defeat & disp]sal1 &  
an exile = g5]ations 9 a =eign l&4  ,!n 
! prophets rose to an int5s]            
fai?1--pur]1 t5d]]1 m spiritual4  ,"s "t
 & someh[ ! ,"l w\ld surely be graci\s  
to 8 p6  ,b :5 ! captives1 or a "p ( !m1
 7 re/or$ to _! own l&1--) l[]$ =tunes &
 humbl$ pride1 half dep5d5t /ill on a   

=eign ma/]1--! prophetic en?usiasm no   
long] avail$ to give a fre% message f ! 
,"l4  ,in/ead1 ! lead]s & f\nd]s ( !    
re/oration--,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 & _!      
associates & foll[]s--built up a        
well-organiz$1 well-en=c$ sy/em (       
discipl9e4  ,!y re%ap$ ! old traditions1
 enl>g$ & codifi$ !m2 !y %ap$ !         
,p5tateu* & book ( ,jo%ua1 z we "k !m   
n[2 !y purifi$ & beautifi$ ! ,temple    
s]vice2 !y in/itut$ synagogues 9 e t[n1 
:]e religi\s tea*+ %\ld be regul> &     
con/ant2 !y develop$ a class ( ,scribes1
 or expositors ( ! ,law2 !y multipli$   
c]emonial obs]vances2 !y rewrote !      
national hi/ory1 & inve/$ _! laws ) !   
sacr$ness ( div9e oracles1 "u ! augu/ "n
 ( ,moses2 !y impos$ deadly p5alties &  
bitt] hatr$ on all :o deviat$ f !       
e/abli%$ religion4  ,all ?is 0 ! "w (   
c5turies1 & its important result 0 t by 
a manifold & p]petual drill c]ta9       
religi\s ideas 7 /amp$ ^u ! m9ds ( ! p1 
until beliefs & usages & s5tim5ts ran 9 
_! v blood & 7 transmitt$ f fa!r to son4

   ,z types ( ! ,hebrew religion 9 its  
advanc+ /ages we may note3 fir/1 ,jacob1
 w9n+ 8 way by craft & subtlety1 ga9+ ! 
favor ( 8 god by a fidelity :i*         
expresses itself by v[s & sacrifices &  
sc>cely at all by morality2 & h>dly     
attractive except 9 ! t5d]ness ( 8      
family relations4  ,a my?ical figure1 he
 is a m>vel\s embodim5t ( ! p]si/5t     
race-traits ( ! ,jew--t5acity1 craft1   
dev\tness--9 ! e>ly phase4  ,x is a v   
e>?ly phase1 b ) ! g]ms ( a m>vel\s     
developm5t4  ,lat]1 we h ,david1 !      
w>rior k+4  ,/ill lat] comes ,elijah1 ! 
prophet ( a ,deity :o n[ /&s = *a/ity & 
ju/ice aga9/ gods ( s5suality & cruelty1
 & defy+ wick$ k+s 9 ! "n ( t ,god4  ,!n
 9 ! l9e ( prophets we may pass to _!   
greate/1 ,isaiah1--bo? fir/ & second ( !
 "n1--ea* ( :om 9 ! deepe/ adv]sity ( ! 
p is inspir$ by a hope1 vague 9 its     
expectation1 b s deep1 s f]vid1 s sweet1
 t to ?is day x l5ds its language to    
he>ts :i* 9 d>kness look = ! morn+4     
,next we may take ,ezra1 rebuild+ !     

%att]$ nationality1 n on a political    
basis1 b by a law ( p]sonal conduct 9   
:i* a g5u9e morality is mix$ ) a        
c]emonial code4  ,& "h really belongs ! 
legislation ascrib$ to ,moses & giv5 9 !
 ,p5tateu*2 ! law-giv] hav+ an orig9al 9
 "s great1 dim1 hi/oric figure1 long    
treasur$ 9 ! popul> imag9ation1 b       
rehabilitat$ by prie/ly art z ! au?or ( 
a great volume ( m9ute legislation1 to  
:i* dignity is l5t by ! leg5ds ( a      
p]sonality sublime yet meek4 ,we h !n ! 
fl[]+ ( ! inn] life1 9 ! book (         
,psalms1--! s+le "n ( ! ,psalmi/ cov]+ !
 products ( _m m9ds & successive        
g5]ations4  ,9 ! c\rse ( affairs1 !     
h]o's place belongs next to ,judas      
,maccabaeus1 ! patriot lead] aga9/ !    
hea!n ,greek2 & we may take ! books ( ! 
,maccabees & ! book ( ,daniel z giv+ !  
ideal ?\ght ( ! p]iod1--! matrix (      
belief & hope f :i* 0 to spr+ ! cr[n+   
fl[] ( ,judaism4  ,x w suffice = our    
purpose if f ?is s]ies we t\* ^u ,david1
 ! ,psalms1 ! book ( ,job1 ,isaiah1 & ! 

lit]ature ( ! ,maccabean "t4   ,! real  
place ( ,david is t ( ! w>rior-k+ :o    
gave indep5d5ce1 unity1 & victory to ! p
 ( ,israel4  ,x 0 he :o broke ! yoke ( !
 ,phili/9es :i* ,saul _h weak5$1 & slew 
9 fight _! gigantic *ampion4  ,he       
conqu]$ & subject$ ! neighbor+ tribes2  
he put d[n ! rebellions head$ by 8 own  
sons2 he made & kept ,israel = a brief  
t]m a pr\d & victori\s milit>y mon>*y4  
,)9 a s+le g5]ation aft] 8 dea? x 0     
divid$ into two ho/ile fragm5ts1 & bo? (
 ^! gradually fell "u =eign conqu]ors4  
,v %ort 0 ! p]iod ( ,israel's w>like    
glory1 & = a ?\s& ye>s aft]w>d !        
national he>t turn$ 9 love & rev]5ce to 
! h]o ( t "t4  ,z ! ,saxons rememb]$    
,alfr$1 z ,am]icans rememb] ,wa%+ton1 s 
! ,israelites rememb]$ ,david4  ,x 0 9 8
 image & "u 8 "n t !y pictur$ a future  
:i* %\ld out%9e _! pa/4  ,israel ?r\gh\t
 ! p]iod :5 %e is mo/ di/9ctly be=e u 0 
a subject p4  ,x 0 l>gely ! pres5ce ( a 
=eign oppressor :i* gave to ! national  
voice t tone ( int5se entreaty t[>d a   

div9e fri5d & deliv]] :i* runs its pa?os
 ?r\gh psalm & hi/ory & prophecy4  ,!re 
_h be5 a bett] day = ,israel1 be=e      
,assyrian & ,egyptian trampl$ h]4  ,!re 
_h be5 a day :5 ,phili/ia & ,edom quail$
 & fell be=e h]1 & ! ,"l wr\ght victory 
by ! h& ( ,david4  ,s x is ,david's     
hi/ory t /&s out fulle/ & cle>e/ 9 !    
:ole record1 f ,abraham onw>d4  ,h[ mu* 
is true hi/ory & h[ mu* is imag9ative   
addition mu/ be l>gely guesswork4  ,b we
 see 9 ,david ! ideal h]o & type ( t    
p]iod ( ,jewi% hi/ory z we see 9        
,a*illes & ,odysseus ! ideal types (    
primitive ,greece4  ,& ! /ory ( ,david  
is z deeply color$ ) ! primal passions (
 humanity z are ! songs ( ,hom]4  ,!re  
is ! picture ( ! %eph]d-boy1 to :i* mu/ 
be add$ ! exquisite psalm :i* lat]      
traditions put 9 8 m\?2 ! victory ov] ! 
giant2 ! mo/ pa!tic /ory ( ! moody &    
wayw>d ,saul--! p[] ( music ov] 8       
melan*oly1 ! alt]nations ( jeal\s rage &
 compunction2 ! fri5d%ip ) ,jona?an1 m  
t5d] & pure ?an ! fri5d%ips ,plato      

pictures2 ! dramatic =tunes ( ! outlaw2 
! family trag$ies full ( crime & horror2
 ! d>k /ory ( ,amnon1 ,tam>1 & ,absalom2
 ! passion ( fa!rhood 9 fulle/ int5sity1
 ) ! agoniz$ pray]s = ! sick *ild & !   
he>tbrok5 lam5t ov] ,absalom2 ! gr\p (  
valiant capta9s & _! *ivalr\s exploits2 
! risk ( life to br+ to _! homesick *ief
 a dr9k f ! well ( ,be?lehem2 ! /ory (  
,ba?%eba & ,uriah--lu/1 trea*]y1 &      
murd]2 ! prophet's rebuke2 ! ye>s decl9+
 "u heavy %ad[s4  ,h[ full ( lifeblood x
 all is6  ,e *apt] is an idyl1 an epic1 
or a trag$y4  ,x is l>gely ?is          
picturesque dramatic quality :i* made ! 
,engli% ,bible 9 its e>ly days !        
favorite book ( ! ,engli% p1 & has kept 
= x always s high a place4  ,b ! attempt
 to r$uce a /ory l ,david's to t]ms (   
spiritual edification has be5 difficult 
above measure1 ev] s9ce mank9d advanc$  
beyond ! half-b>b>ic age 9 :i* ! /ory 0 
told4  ,judg$ by our /&>ds1 ! e?ics ( ! 
/ory are (t5 l[1 & its religion is      
l>gely a sup]/ition4  ,:at br+s !       

,almighty on ! sc5e is mo/ frequ5tly "s 
great calamity1 :i* prie/ or soo?say]   
int]prets z a div9e judgm5t4  ,(t5 !re  
is attribut$ to him ! quality ( a jeal\s
 ,ori5tal despot4  ,! ju/ice he en=ces  
is (t5 inju/ice & savag]y4  ,take ! /ory
 ( ! ,gibeonites4  ,a ?ree ye>s' fam9e 9
 ,israel 0 expla9$ by ,yahveh's oracle z
 a retribution = ! brea* ( fai? by      
,saul1 _m ye>s be=e1 ) ! ,gibeonites1   
:om he _h p]secut$ 9 defiance ( anci5t  
compact4  ,david !reupon invit$ !       
,gibeonites to "n ! requital :i* w\ld   
appease !m1 & !y ask$ = ! dea? ( sev5   
sons ( ,saul4  ,s ,david deliv]$ ! sev5 
innoc5t m5 into _! h&s1 & !y hang$ !m   
be=e ! ,"l4  ,! ,zeus ( ,hom] is (f5sive
 to religi\s feel+ because he fully %>es
 ! s5suality :i* we acc\nt "o ( ! great 
defects ( humanity4  ,f t blemi% !      
,hebrew idea ( ,god is always free4  ,! 
ho/ility betwe5 ,yahveh & ! hea!n gods  
has its deep e?ical significance 9 !    
/ruggle ( *a/ity aga9/ lic5ti\sness1 to 
:i* ! religi\s sanction br+s re9=cem5t4 

,b ! ,hebrew ,god has a savage &        
v9dictive quality1 :i* only sl[ly &     
p>tially disappe>s4  ,orig9ally1 x is   
probable1 ! ,god ( ! sun & fire1        
b5efic5t to illum9e1 malevol5t to burn1 
he rema9s always 9 "s degree a ,god (   
wra?4  ,x 0 by "o ( ! /range gr[?s ( !  
advanc+ popul> ?\ght t ,david1 !        
valiant1 passionate soldi]-k+1 came to  
be conceiv$ ( z ! writ] ( ! book (      
,psalms4  ,hi/orically a misconception1 
x yet l5t a cont9uity & ideal unity to !
 nation's self-int]pretation4  ,! book (
 ,psalms1 says ,dean ,/anley1 is !      
select$ hymns ( ! ,jewi% p1 = a p]iod z 
long z f ,*auc] to ,t5nyson4  ,!        
s]vice-book ( ! ,second ,temple is      
,ku55's description4  ,beyond any o!r   
s+le book1 x %[s u ! he>t ( ,judaism 9  
its ripe/1 mo/ *>act]i/ic developm5t4   
,its language has become saturat$ ) !   
associations ( _m c5turies4  ,9 ^!      
int5se1 direct1 & f]vid utt]ances we c  
see ! =m & l9eam5ts ( a fai? :i* 0 !    
ance/or ( our own1 yet is n ! same4  ,! 

religion ( ! ,psalms has diff]5t phases4
  ,we h "h ! exp]i5ces ( _m s\ls1 ) a   
c]ta9 k9%ip1 yet ) wide diff]5ces4  ,9  
_m ( ^! hymns "o recognizes ! religion 9
 :i* ,jesus 0 cradl$4  ,imag9ation &    
feel+ h full scope4  ,! con/ant idea is 
( ,yahveh1 rul] ( ! _w & its            
inhabitants1 ! judge ( ! wick$ & fri5d (
 ! good4  ,m>k ! p]fect man & behold !  
upright1 = ! end ( t man is peace4  ,h[ 
excell5t is ?y lov+-k9dness1 ,o ,god6   
!re=e ! *ildr5 ( m5 put _! tru/ "u !    
%ad[ ( ?y w+s4  ,?y righte\sness is l ! 
great m\nta9s2 ?y judgm5ts z a great    
deep4  ,! ,"l r$eeme? ! s\l ( 8 s]vants1
 & none ( !m t tru/ 9 him %all be       
desolate4 ,oh1 ta/e & see t ! ,"l is    
good2 bless$ is ! man t tru/e? 9 him4   
,! dep? & passion ( ! /ruggle aga9/ s9  
is %[n 9 ! fifty-fir/ ,psalm4  ,h m]cy  
^u me1 ,o ,god1 accord+ to ?y           
lov+-k9dness2 accord+ unto ! multitude (
 ?y t5d] m]cies1 blot out my            
transgressions4  ,aga9/ !e1 !e only1 h  
,i s9n$4  ,wa% me1 & ,i %all be :it] ?an

 sn[4  ,make me to he> joy & gladness4  
,create 9 me a clean he>t1 ,o ,god1 &   
r5ew a "r _s )9 me4  ,?\ desire/ n      
sacrifice1 else w\ld ,i give x4  ,!     
sacrifices ( ,god are a brok5 _s2 a     
brok5 & a contrite he>t1 ,o ,god1 ?\    
wilt n despise4  ,?is passion aga9/     
s9--?is cry = inw>d purity--is ! root ( 
! religion ( ,jesus1 ! bless$ness ( !   
pure 9 he>t2 ! w>f>e ( ,paul1 ! _s aga9/
 ! fle%4  ,9 o!r psalms1 aga91 is a     
poignant cry = help & deliv]ance4  ,x is
 ! expo/ulation ( ! s\l ) ,fate1 ! cry  
to a ,p[] :o %\ld be a fri5d1 b hides 8 
face4  ,!re1 is a pa!tic s5se ( man's   
frailty & mortality4  ,he> my pray]1 ,o 
,"l1 & give e> unto my cry2 hold n ?y   
peace at my te>s1 = ,i am a /rang] ) !e 
& a soj\rn]1 z all my fa!rs 74  ,o sp>e 
me1 t ,i may recov] /r5g?1 be=e ,i g    
h5ce1 & be no m4  ,praise = ,god's      
greatness & awe = 8 et]nity are jo9$ ) !
 sad s5se ( man's mortality4  ,wilt ?\  
%[ wond]s to ! dead8 ,%all ! dead arise 
& praise !e8  ,%all ?y lov+k9dness be   

decl>$ 9 ! grave8 or ?y fai?fulness 9   
de/ruction8  ,%all ?y wond]s be kn[n 9 !
 d>k8 & ?y righte\sness 9 ! l& (        
=getfulness8  ,v (t5 aga9 ! burd5 is !  
cry ( ! weak aga9/ ! oppressor4 ,man1   
wrong$ by 8 fell[1 cries to ,god1 & c   
imag9e no deliv]ance save by ! ru9 ( 8  
enemies4  ,! curs+ is trem5d\s4  ,o     
daught] ( ,babylon1 happy %all he be t  
take? ?y little ones & da%e? !m aga9/ ! 
/ones6  ,at ?is po9t is ! wide/ e?ical  
diff]5ce betwe5 !m ( old "t & our own   
religion4  ,9 !m1 abhorr5ce ( s9 0 n yet
 di/+ui%$ f hatr$ ( ! s9n]1 & ! foes ( !
 ,psalmi/ or 8 nation 7 always id5tifi$ 
) ! foes ( ,god4 ,to hate ?9e enemy     
seem$ z righte\s z to love ?y fri5d4  ,9
 a s5se we may say ! ,psalms are a cry  
to :i* ,jesus is ! answ]3 ,"l1 save me1 
& de/roy my enemies6  ,love y\r enemies1
 & 9 lov+ y are sav$4  ,9 ! book (      
,psalms !re bl5ds & alt]nates ) ! old   
!ory ( rew>d & puni%m5t a lat] idea1--t 
goodness c>ries its own bless+ ) x1--t  
bett] ?an oil & w9e1 flocks & h]ds1     

heal? & fri5ds1 is ! peace ( well-do+1 !
 joy ( gratitude1 yes1 ev5 ! passionate 
contrition 9 :i* ! s\l revolts f its own
 s9 & f9ds aga9 ! sweetness ( ! upw>d   
ef=t & a response to t ef=t l heav5's   
own smile4  ,n1 goodness br+s bless+s1 b
 goodness is bless$2 n1 ! wick$ %all    
p]i%1 b wick$ness is p]dition2 ?is is ! 
deep und]tone ( ! be/ ( ! ,psalms4      
,among ^! hymns are "s :i* are fill$ ) a
 noble delight 9 ! works ( nature1--a   
fre%1 glad pleasure 9 ! :ole spectacle (
 creation1 f sun & />s1 sea & m\nta9s1  
to ! goats among ! hills1 & ! conies ( !
 rock4  ,!re is frank satisfaction 9 !  
bread :i* /r5g!ne? man's he>t & ! w9e t 
makes him glad4 ,& all ?is free human   
joy 9 ! activities & spl5dors ( nature  
nev] s mu* z approa*es ! p]il\s slope   
t[>ds s5suality4  ,x is ev]y:]e         
sublimat$ by ! all-p]vad+ recognition ( 
a holy & b5efic5t ,god4  ,:at may be    
said ( ! ,psalms g5]ally is ?is3 !y     
express ! mo/ vivid & v>i\s play ( human
 emotions1--sorr[1 wra?1 rep5tance1 joy1

 dread1 hope1--always ex]cis$ z 9 !     
pres5ce ( an ,almighty be+1 holy1       
righte\s1 & ! fri5d ( righte\s m54  ,9  
?is is _! abid+ p[]1--?is close         
reflection ( ! fluctuations 9 e s5sitive
 he>t "u ! play ( life's                
exp]i5ces1--encompass$ ) an atmosph]e ( 
noble s]i\sness1 & outrea*+ t[>d a high]
 ,p[]4   ,9 ! /ory ( ! ,jewi% m9d1 !    
book ( ,job /&s by itself4  ,x is n s   
mu* a /age 9 ! progressive developm5t ( 
a fai?1 z a p[]ful & unansw]$ *all5ge to
 ! curr5t ass]tions ( t fai?4  ,!       
*>act]i/ic idea ( ,judaism 0 t ,god     
rules ! _w 9 ! int]e/ ( ! good man4  ,n 
s1 says ,job1 ! facts are aga9/ x4  ,he>
 ! compla9t ( a good man to :om life has
 br\ght tr\ble & sorr[1 )\t rem$y & )\t 
hope6  ,s /ood fir/ ! bold arraignm5t1 !
 e>lie/ voice ( truly religi\s          
skepticism4  ,job is skeptical1 n f any 
want ( goodness1--he has be5 /r5u\sly   
good2 ev5 n[ 9 all 8 d>kness1 my        
righte\sness ,i hold fa/ & w n let x g3 
my he>t %all n reproa* me s long z ,i   

live4  ,8 goodness is ( no n>r[ sort2   
ju/ice1 protection ( ! oppress$1 help to
 ! suff]+1 ^! h be5 8 delight2 f        
wantonness ( s5se he has kept himself   
pure2 n ev5 aga9/ wrong-do]s & enemies  
has 8 hate gone out2 he has n rejoic$ at
 ! de/ruction ( !m t hat$ me1 or lift$  
up myself :5 evil f\nd him2 nei!r h ,i  
suff]$ my m\? to s9 by wi%+ a curse to 8
 s\l4  ,yet1 aft] a life ( ?is sort1 he 
f9ds himself b]eft1 impov]i%$1 torm5t$4 
,:]e is ! righte\sness ( ,god8  ,he     
turns to 8 fri5ds = sympa?y4 ,h pity ^u 
me1 h pity ^u me1 ,o ye my fri5ds2 = !  
h& ( ,god ha? t\*$ me4  ,8 fri5ds =     
reply ju/ify ,god by blam+ ,job4        
,d\btless y des]ve x all3 y mu/ h done  
all mann] ( wrong1 & be5 a hypocrite to 
boot6  ,t is all ! com=t !y give him4   
,dre>y & desolate he /&s1 no good 9 !   
pres5t1 no hope 9 ! future4 ,i cry unto 
!e1 & ?\ do/ n he> me3 ,i /& up1 & ?\   
reg>de/ me n4  ,?\ art become cruel to  
me2 ) ?y /rong h& ?\ oppose/ ?yself     
aga9/ me4  ,i "k t ?\ wilt br+ me to    

dea?1 & to ! h\se appo9t$ = all liv+4   
,^u t gloom ! curta9 falls4  ,! words ( 
,job are end$4  ,! lat] *apt]s ( ! book 
seem add$ by successive h&s4  ,!y       
introduce a fre% speak]1 to help out !  
argum5t = ,god4  ,!y make ! ,almighty   
speak 9 8 own behalf4  ,8 answ] is      
simply an appeal to ! wond]s ( physical 
nature4  ,look1 va9 man1 at my works2   
consid] ! w>-horse1 ! behemo?1 !        
levia?an2 h[ c y\r petty m9d judge !    
creator ( ^!8  ,?is /rikes a note :i* is
 /ill he>d 9 ! music ( to-day1 ! awe &  
rev]5ce be=e ! gr&eur ( nature :i* c    
sometimes soo! ! re/lessness ( man & hu%
 8 anxieties1 z ! h>p ( ,david br\ght   
peace to ! moody ,saul4  ,yet su* ?\ghts
 d n suffice = ! man ^: p]sonal suff]+  
is ke54  ,!y sil5ce r ?an answ] ! "q :i*
 presses ^u ,job4  ,! /ory mu/ be       
o!rwise help$ out1 s "s k9dly *ampion ( 
or?odoxy put 9 a fairy-/ory             
climax1--,job got well ( 8 boils1 _h m  
%eep & ox5 ?an ev]1 _h o!r *ildr5 born  
to him4  ,& s ! difficulty is happily   

solv$6  ,b ! e>li] & deep] words rema91 
) _! unansw]able *all5ge to ! com=table 
cre$ t ,god w always make ! good man    
happy4  ,! book /&s1 ! expression ( a   
typical1 a m\rnful b sublime attitude ( 
! human m9d4  ,x is a fac+ ( tru? :5    
tru? looks d>ke/1 r ?an to take refuge 9
 com=table make-believe4 ,& x %[s man   
fall+ back on 8 inn]mo/ /ronghold ( all4
  ,if ,god himself fail me1--if ! p[] ( 
! univ]se be cruel or indiff]5t1--yet my
 righte\sness ,i hold fa/1 & w n let x  
g2 my he>t %all n reproa* me s long z ,i
 live4   ,! habitual weapon ( !         
,prophets is d5unciation4  ,!y p\r out  
on _! oppon5ts a wra? :i* is ! hott]    
because x involves a moral condemnation1
 & ! heavi] because x claims ! sanction 
( ,deity4 ,among _! exempl>s are ,samuel
 depos+ ,saul1 & sc>+ him f ! tomb1 &   
,elijah slay+ ! prie/s ( ,baal4  ,( !   
writt5 prophecies ! *>act]i/ic ^w is    
,woe unto y6  ,!y are ! prototypes (    
,jesus assail+ ! ,ph>isees & driv+ out !
 money-*ang]s2 ( ! book ( ,revelation2 (

 ,t]tullian proclaim+ ! torm5ts ( !     
damn$2 ( ! m$iaeval ban on ! h]etic2 (  
,puritan & ,ca?olic hurl+ ana!mas at ea*
 o!r2 ( ,c>lyle1 ( ,g>rison4  ,b 9 !    
greate/ ( ! prophets ! ?reat is almo/   
hidd5 by ! promise1 & in/ead ( curs+ !re
 is b5$iction4  ,:oev] w\ld get at !    
he>t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & und]/& ! spell
 :i* ! religion fir/ ( ,judaism & !n (  
,*ri/ianity has ca/ ^u ! _w = ?\s&s (   
ye>s1 %\ld pond] ! book ( ,isaiah4  ,x  
bl5ds ! "w ( two au?ors1 b _! _s is     
closely ak94  ,9 ea* case ! prophet is  
full ( a conviction s int5se t he       
prop\nds x ) p]fect confid5ce z ! ^w (  
,god4  ,by ! bolde/ p]sonification1 he  
speaks cont9ually 9 ! "n ( ,god4  ,?is 0
 ! *>act]i/ic me?od ( ,hebrew prophecy4 
,! prophetic books all /& z = ! mo/ "p !
 direct ^w ( ,god4  ,?is way ( ?\ght &  
spee* 0 possible only to m5 9 an e>ly   
/age ( intellectual developm5t & "u !   
highe/ pressure ( conviction & emotion4 
,! traditional repute ( ^! ,jewi%       
prophets & ! record ( _! words 7 accept$

 by bo? ,jews & ,*ri/ians4  ,_! writ+s 7
 tak5 z ! au?oritative voice ( ,god4  ,!
 same cr$it came to be ext5d$ to all !  
anci5t books ( ! ,jewi%                 
religion1--psalms1 hi/ories1 g5ealogies1
 ritual1 & all4  ,b x is ma9ly !        
prophecies to :i* ?is "* orig9ally      
belong$4  ,! ,psalms are1 ) few         
exceptions1 purely human 9 _! /&po9t4   
,9 !m1 x is av[$ly a man :o m\rns1      
rejoices1 rep5ts1 prays1 curses1 or     
gives ?anks4  ,b 9 ! prophecies ,god    
himself is pres5t$ z ! speak]4  ,9 bo? !
 e>li] & lat] ,isaiah1 ,god appe>s z    
speak+ to m5 9 extreme ne$1 9 words (   
incomp>able com=t1 inspiration1 & hope4 
,to :atev] special exig5cy ( ,israel !y 
7 fir/ address$1 ! language1 /ripp$ (   
all local ref]5ces1 comes home to !     
univ]sal human he>t 9 its deepe/        
exp]i5ces4  ,to ! div9e favor ?is tea*+ 
sets only "o condition3 ,cease to d     
evil1 le>n to d well4 ,seek judgm5t1    
relieve ! oppress$1 judge ! fa!rless1   
plead = ! wid[4  ,if ye be will+ &      

ob$i5t4  ,say ye to ! righte\s t x %all 
be well ) !m1 = !y %all eat ! fruit ( _!
 do+s4  ,woe unto ! wick$2 x %all be ill
 ) him1 = ! rew>d ( 8 h&s %all be giv5  
him4  ,on ! "o simple condition ( turn+ 
f moral evil to good1 ! bless+s ( ! inn]
 life are promis$ 9 e tone ( assurance1 
consolation1 promise4  ,?\gh y\r s9s be 
z sc>let1 !y %all be z :ite z sn[2 ?\gh 
!y be r$ l crimson1 !y %all be z wool4  
,com=t ye1 com=t ye my p1 sai? y\r ,god4
  ,speak ye com=tably to ,j]usalem1 &   
cry unto h] t h] w>f>e is accompli%$1 t 
h] iniquity is p>don$4  ,he %all fe$ 8  
flock l a %eph]d2 he %all ga!r ! lambs )
 8 arm & c>ry !m 9 8 bosom1 & %all g5tly
 lead ^? t are ) "y4  ,s+1 ,o heav5s1 & 
be joyful1 ,o e>?1 & break =? into s++1 
,o m\nta9s1 = ! ,"l ha? com=t$ 8 p1 & w 
h m]cy ^u 8 afflict$4  ,! mo/ triumphant
 ^w 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & its t5d]e/ ^w1 
bo? are drawn f "o v]se 9 ! eld]        
,isaiah3 ,he w swall[ up dea? 9 victory1
 & ! ,"l ,god w wipe away te>s f (f all 
faces4  ,! di/9ctive ^w & ?\ght ( ,jesus

 t[>d ,god is fir/ f\nd 9 ! lat]        
,isaiah1--our ,fa!r4  ,d\btless ?\ art  
our fa!r1 ?\gh ,abraham be ignorant ( u1
 & ,israel ackn[l$ge u n2 ?\1 ,o ,"l1   
art our fa!r1 our r$eem]2 ?y "n is f    
ev]la/+4  ,! ^w recurs1 toge!r ) an     
image :i* by a lat] ?an ,jesus 0 made ! 
symbol ( an arbitr>y div9e despotism1 b 
:i* ,isaiah fir/ employ$ to bl5d ! idea 
( omnipot5t p[] ) close/ affection3 ,o  
,"l1 ?\ art our fa!r2 we are ! clay & ?\
 ! pott]2 & we are all ! "w ( ?y h&4  ,a
 similitude is us$ ev5 g5tl] ?an a      
fa!r's c>e3 ,z "o :om 8 "m com=te?1 s w 
,i com=t y4  ,c a woman =get h] suck+   
*ild1 t %e %\ld n h compassion on ! son 
( h] womb8  ,yea1 !y may =get1 yet w ,i 
n =get !e4  ,by ! lat] ,isaiah is %[n ! 
figure ( an innoc5t suff]]1 ^: sorr[s   
are to issue 9 ! wide/ bless+4  ,?is    
suff]] has be5 int]pret$ sometimes z    
typify+ ! few h]oic s\ls among ! p (    
,israel1 sometimes z a prophet 9        
,isaiah's day1 la/ & mo/ fondly z ,*ri/4
  ,:omev] ! prophet _h 9 m9d1 ! idea    

goes home to ! he>t2 someh[1 undes]v$   
sorr[ borne blamelessly1 bravely1 ev5   
gladly1 s9ce = love's sake1 is to h a   
cele/ial fruitage4 ,despis$ & reject$ ( 
m51 a man ( sorr[s & acqua9t$ ) grief2  
he ha? borne our griefs & c>ri$ our     
sorr[s1--& at la/ he %all see ( !       
travail ( 8 s\l1 & be satisfi$4  ,!n !  
/ra9 breaks into an exultant t5d]ness1  
weav+ into "o *ord ! deepe/ griefs &    
consolations ( woman1 ! sublimities (   
nature1 all ! passion & all ! peace ( ! 
he>t4  ,s+1 ,o b>r51 ?\ t did/ n be>2   
break =? into s++ & cry al\d1 ?\ t did/ 
n travail ) *ild1 = m are ! *ildr5 ( !  
desolate ?an ! *ildr5 ( ! m>ri$ wife1   
sai? ! ,"l4  ,fe> n1 = ?\ %alt n be     
a%am$4  ,= ?y ,mak] is ?y husb&1 ! ,"l (
 ho/s is 8 "n1 & ?y r$eem] ! ,holy ,"o (
 ,israel4  ,= a small mom5t h ,i =sak5  
!e1 b ) great m]cies w ,i ga!r !e4  ,9 a
 little wra? ,i hid my face f !e = a    
mom5t1 b ) ev]la/+ k9dness w ,i h m]cy  
on !e1 sai? ! ,"l ?y ,r$eem]4  ,!       
m\nta9s %all dep>t & ! hills be remov$1 

b my k9dness %all n dep>t f !e1 nei!r   
%all ! cov5ant ( my peace be remov$1    
sai? ! ,"l t ha? m]cy on !e4  ,o ?\     
afflict$1 toss$ ) tempe/1 & n com=t$6   
,i w lay ?y /ones ) fair colors1 & lay  
?y f\ndations ) sapphires2 & all ?y     
*ildr5 %all be taught ( ! ,"l1 & great  
%all be ! peace ( ?y *ildr54  ,to su*   
words m5 & wom5 9 all times h clung1 &  
always w cl+4  ,=1 s fir/ spoke a voice 
9 "s s\l :i* 9 ! he>t ( ! /orm _h f\nd  
peace4  ,he call$ x ! voice ( ,god4     
,:at bett] "n c we give x8   ,9 !       
prophecies & ! psalms we h se5 !        
high-wr\ght poetry ( ,israel's religion4
  ,= ! requirem5ts ( daily life !re ne$s
 a m prosaic1 def9ite1 & m9ute guidance4
  ,?is ! ,jew f\nd 9 ! body ( usages &  
precepts :i* gradually grew up "u ! c>e 
( ! prie/hood4  ,! prescriptive sanction
 ( habit atta*$ to ^! obs]vances 0 at   
c]ta9 memorable epo*s ex*ang$ = a belief
 9 ! direct communication ( ! code f    
heav54  ,"o su* occasion 0 ! f9d+ ( !   
book ( ! ,law by ! high prie/1 & its    

pres5tation & en=cem5t on k+ & p :i* is 
record$ 9 #b ,k+s xxii4 & xxiii4  ,!    
/rong indications are t ?is 0 ! book    
kn[n to u z ,deut]onomy1 & t in/ead ( ! 
r$iscov]y ( a =gott5 book !re 0 9 tru? a
 new book set =?1 claim+ ! au?ority (   
,moses1 & enl>g+ & enri*+ ! traditional 
obs]vances accord+ to ! mo/ advanc$     
ideas ( ! "t4  ,a simil> occasion1 at a 
lat] p]iod1 is describ$ at l5g? 9 !     
books ( ,ezra & ,nehemiah4  ,! new      
legislation !re impos$ 9 ! "n ( ,moses &
 ! fa!rs--or r ( ,yahveh himself1 z he  
spoke to ! m5 ( old--0 probably 9       
sub/ance ! regulations conta9$ 9        
,exodus1 ,leviticus1 & ,numb]s4  ,by our
 /&>ds ( judgm5t1 ^! acts 7 pi\s =g]ies4
  ,! m5tal conditions "u :i* !y 7 done1 
! psy*ologic /ate :i* prompt$ !m1 !     
e?ical /&>ds :i* sanction$ !m1 are matt]
 = curi\s /udy4  ,x w\ld be crude to    
class !m z ! delib]ate & inexcusable    
crimes :i* !y w\ld be 9 our day4  ,!    
claim ( a div9e au?ority = human        
beliefs--! idea t :at is morally        

b5eficial may be ass]t$ z hi/orically   
true--has work$ 9 _m /range =ms4  ,we   
see x "h 9 its e>ly phase1 among a p 9  
:om1 z 9 mank9d at l>ge1 ! virtue &     
obligation ( tru?fulness 0 a late & sl[ 
discov]y4  ,! same in/9ct--to claim =   
:at we wi% to believe a sanction (      
infallible revelation--works 9 subtle   
=ms to-day4  ,z to ! cont5ts ( ! ,law   
:i* ?us gradually took =m1 a di/9ction  
may easily be trac$ ev5 by ! cursory    
read]4  ,! e>li] code1 ,deut]onomy1 is  
full ( a g5]\s & l(ty temp]4  ,x is "o (
 ! mo/ impressive docum5ts ( ! ,jewi%   
scriptures4  ,"h is t :i* ,jesus nam$ z 
! fir/ & great comm&m5t3 ,?\ %alt love !
 ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ) all ?y  
s\l1 & ) all ?y might4  ,! tea*+ ( !    
book is prim>ily ! wor%ip ( ,yahveh1--a 
holy1 lov+1 & judg+ ,god1--:o rew>ds 8 p
 ) bless+s or puni%es !m ) disa/]s4     
,promises & ?reats are equally di/9ct & 
vivid3 nev] 7 bless+ & curs+ m emphatic4
  ,! morality enjo9$ is *>itable & pure4
  ,) an equal insi/5ce is enjo9$ a c]ta9

 me?od & =m ( wor%ip1 includ+ sacrifices
 at ! temple1 ?ree ye>ly fea/s1 !       
obs]vance ( ! ,sabba?1 ! due ma9t5ance (
 ! prie/hood1 & ! utt] rejection ( all  
o!r gods4  ,:5 we turn to ! o!r books ( 
! ,law1 we come into an atmosph]e less  
exalt$1 & ) a multiplicity ( c]emonial  
details4  ,!re is endless regulation z  
to v>ieties ( sacrifice1 cleans+ f      
te*nical uncleanness1 & ! l4  ,int]wov5 
) ^!1 z if on an equal foot+1 are       
special applications (                  
morality--inculcations ( *a/ity1 ju/ice1
 & good neighborhood4  ,! pr9ciples ( ! 
,t5 ,words--!mselves an inh]itance f a v
 e>ly day--are appli$ 9 _m p>ticul>s4   
,occasionally is a l(ty s5tim5t1 a cle> 
advance4 ,?us we f9d 9 ,leviticus !     
second comm&m5t ( ,jesus1 ,?\ %alt love 
?y neighbor z ?yself4  ,! g5]al increase
 9 rigidity ( c]emonial 9 ^! books is to
 be read along ) ! /]n decrees ( ,ezra z
 to sep>ation f family & fri5dly        
relations ) non-,jewi% neighbors4  ,x 01
 9 a ^w1 a ,puritan re=mation4  ,!re 0 j

 ! same comb9ation ( height5$ moral     
conviction ) urg5cy ^u matt]s ( =m &    
detail1 & ho/ility to all outside ( "o  
special *ur*1 :i* belong$ to ! ,puritan4
  ,b ! ,jewi% re=m]1 unlike ! ,engli%1  
enl>g$ in/ead ( simplify+ 8 ritual4  ,x 
is ?is int]bl5d+ ( outw>d obs]vance )   
moral & spiritual quality :i* /umbles ! 
mod]n read] at e page4  ,x 0 a confusion
 :i* ne$$ ! spiritual g5ius ( ,jesus to 
dissolve1 & ! lead]%ip ( ,paul to       
def9itely r5\nce4  ,by ! side ( !       
c]emonial elem5t 9 ! ,law !re rip5$     
gradually an expansion ( its moral      
precepts4  ,! sacr$ books 7 exp\nd$ by !
 ,scribes4  ,! prea*] 9 ! synagogue came
 to t\* ! p's he>t (t5 m closely &      
delicately ?an ! prie/ ) 8 bloody       
sacrifices & 8 impos+ liturgies4        
,spontaneity1 inspiration1 prophetic    
p[]1 0 no long] pres5t1 b 9 ! guise (   
comm5t & int]pretation !re grew up a    
g5tl]1 human] morality4  ,! moral value 
( labor & indu/ry came into recognition4
  ,!re 7 tea*]s l ,hillel & ,gamaliel 9 

:om dev\t piety & homely practice w5t h&
 9 h&4  ,9 ! e?ics ( ,judaism--"u all ^!
 v>i\s =ms ( ! ,law & ! ,prophets--!    
di/9ctive note1 comp>$ ) ! e?ics (      
,greece & ,rome1 0 *a/ity4  ,! ideal    
,greece repres5t$ wisdom & beauty2 !    
ideal ,rome 0 valor & self-control2 !   
ideal ,israel 0 ! subjugation ( s5se to 
_s1 ! approa* ( man to ,god by purity ( 
life4  ,! tw(old s]vice ( ,judaism 0 to 
impress ?is special note ( *a/ity on    
human virtue1 & to give to virtue ! w+s 
( a great hope4  ,! fl[]+ ( t hope 0 9  
,*ri/ianity2 ! prep>ation = x comes n[  
be=e u4  ,"u ! rule ( ,alex&]'s         
successors ! ,jewi% sy/em1 ) its mixture
 ( e?ics & ritual1 came 9 collision ) ! 
ideas & practice ( deg5]ate ,greek      
culture1--pleasure-lov+1 nature-wor%ip+1
 s5sual1 ) gymna/ics & ae/hetics1       
tol]ant & tyrannical4  ,! two sy/ems 7  
ho/ile alike 9 _! virtues & vices4  ,!  
,greek rul] put d[n ) a /rong h& !      
religi\s & patriotic scruples ( 8 ,jewi%
 subject4  ,! ,jew bore p]secution ) !  

t\gh endurance ( 8 race1 !n rose 9      
revolt ) ! fi]ce c\rage & religi\s f]vor
 ( 8 race4  ,he won 8 la/ victory 9 !   
field ( arms4  ,brief 0 ! indep5d5ce1   
soon foll[$ by +lori\s s]vitude2 b its  
suff]+s & triumphs _h fus$ ! nation once
 m into inv9cible devotion to ! ,law (  
_! ,god1 & _h root$ 9 _! he>ts a        
pr9ciple ( hope :i* 9 v>y+ =ms & gr[+   
p[] 0 to *ange ! aspect ( human life4   
,x seems natural to man to ascribe "s   
impressive orig91 "s dramatic bir?1 to !
 beliefs t are de>e/ to him4  ,b if we  
trace back ?r\gh ,*ri/ian & ,jewi%      
l9eage ! idea ( immortality1 we are q   
unable to discov] ! "t or place ( its   
beg9n+4  ,! e>ly ,jew ?\ght ( dea? mu* z
 did ! e>ly ,greek1--z ! ext9ction ( all
 t 0 preci\s 9 life1 & ! transition to a
 %ad[y & =lorn exi/5ce 9 ! realm (      
%ades4  ,! ,hades ( ,hom] seems mu* to  
resemble ! ,%eol ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ?\gh
 m vividly conceiv$4  ,! /rong1 ruddy1  
passionate life ( ! ,hebrew f\nd z      
little to *e] x 9 ! outlook beyond dea? 

z did ! en]getic1 graceful1 joyful life 
( ! ,greek4  ,anci5t ,egypt _h1 at lea/ 
= ! initiate1 a noble tea*+ (           
retribution h]eaft] to cr[n ! mortal    
c>e] ) fit consummation ( joy or woe4   
,anci5t ,p]sia _h 9 its own =m a l      
doctr9e4  ,! ,hebrews 9 _! s]vile p]iod 
caught n a sc9tilla ( ! ,egyptian fai?4 
,9 _! exile x is probable t !y did get  
"s unrecord$ influ5ce f _! ,p]sian      
neighbors4 ,unmi/akably1 _! emigrants to
 ,alex&ria1 meet+ !re ! nobl] =m (      
,greek culture :ile ! ,pale/9ian ,jews  
enc\nt]$ its bas] side1 caught "s       
inspiration f ! philosophy :i* foll[$1  
?\gh af> (f1 ! noble visions ( ,plato4  
,:e!r ,p]sia or ,greece 0 m directly !  
s\rce ( ! new hope :i* crept almo/      
unp]ceiv$ into ! /]n bosom ( ,judaism is
 n c]ta94  ,b ! fir/ cle> voice ( t hope
 comes f ! "t ( ! m>tyrs4  ,9 ! second  
book ( ! ,maccabees is told--probably by
 an ,alex&rian ,jew--! /ory ( ! m5 &    
wom5 :o fac$ a dreadful dea? r ?an      
disobey ! ,law ( _! ,god4  ,9 t la/     

extremity--t confrontal ( ! s\l by !    
bitt]e/ *oice1 & its acceptance ( dea? r
 ?an wrong-do+--comes ! sudd5 voice ( a 
hope triumphant ov] ! tyrant4 ,?\ l a   
fury take/ u out ( ?is pres5t life1 b ! 
,k+ ( ! _w %all raise u up1 :o h di$ = 8
 laws1 unto ev]la/+ life4  ,s 9         
succession be> te/imony ! sev5 sons ( "o
 "m1 h]self ! brave/ ( !m all4  ,%e     
exhort$ e "o ( !m 9 h] own language1    
fill$ ) c\rage\s _s2 & /irr+ up h]      
womani% ?\ghts ) a manly c\rage1 %e said
 unto !m3 ',i _c tell h[ ye came into my
 womb3 = ,i nei!r gave y brea? nor life1
 nei!r 0 x ,i t =m$ ! memb]s ( e "o ( y4
  ,b d\btless ! ,creator ( ! _w :o =m$ !
 g5]ations ( man1 & f\nd out ! beg9n+ ( 
all ?+s1 w also ( 8 due m]cy give y     
brea? & life aga91 z ye n[ reg>d n y\r  
own selves = 8 laws' sake4 ,fe> n ?is   
torm5tor1 b1 be+ wor?y ( ?y bre?r51 take
 ?y dea?1 t ,i may receive !e aga9 9    
m]cy ) ?y bre?r54'  ,j z ! dea? (       
,socrates inspir$ 9 ,plato ! out-rea*+  
hope ( a h]eaft]1 s ^! ,jewi% m>tyrdoms 

quick5$ ! d\btful guess1 ! dim          
conjecture1 into f]vid conviction4  ,f  
?is p]iod dates ! settl$ ,jewi% belief 9
 immortality4  ,! =m :i* t belief assum$
 is se5 9 ! book ( ,daniel4  ,t book 0 a
 creation ( ?is p]iod1 inspir$ by its   
suff]+s1 aspirations1 & hopes4  ,!      
writ]1 assum+ ! "n & au?ority ( a       
traditional h]o1--by t easy confusion ( 
! ideal & ! hi/orical :i* we h se5      
be=e1--bl5ds ) /ories ( unconqu]able    
fidelity & div9e deliv]ance 8 own       
int]pretation ( ! _w's rec5t hi/ory &   
probable future4  ,x is an e>ly essay 9 
:at we call ! philosophy ( hi/ory1 !    
fir/ record$ conception ( a _w-drama4   
,m$ian1 ,p]sian1 ,greek1 & ,roman       
mon>*ies move _! appo9t$ c\rse & pass   
away4  ,god's plan is work+ itself out1 
& ! culm9ation is yet to come4  ,9      
vision ! prophet beholds x3 ! ,anci5t ( 
days1 ) g>m5t :ite z sn[ & hair l pure  
wool1 ^u a ?rone l fi]y flame1 ) :eels z
 burn+ fire4  ,?\s&s ( ?\s&s m9i/] be=e 
him3 ! judgm5t is set & ! books are     

op5$4  ,"o l ! ,son ( ,man comes ) !    
cl\ds ( heav51 & !re is giv5 to him     
dom9ion & glory & a k+dom :i* %all n    
pass away4  ,9 8 k+dom %all be ga!r$ !  
sa9ts ( ! ,mo/ ,high4  ,_m ( !m t sleep 
9 ! du/ ( ! e>? %all awake1 "s to       
ev]-la/+ life & "s to %ame & ev]la/+    
contempt4  ,?is 0 ! figure 9 :i* !      
,jewi% imag9ation clo!d ! ,jewi% hope4  
,! national & ! individual future bl5t 9
 "o anticipation4 ,! dead 7 to sleep 9 !
 du/ until ! day :5 ! div9e k+dom 0     
e/abli%$1 & !n 7 to rise aga9 to life1 &
 accord+ to _! des]ts 7 to %>e ! endless
 glory or %ame4  ,s philosophy makes its
 essay at ! de/9y ( mank9d4  ,s         
imag9ation fa%ions its pictures4  ,&    
back ( philosophy & imag9ation we trace 
! elem5tal & highe/ =ces ( ! s\l4  ,x is
 m>tyrdom & mo!rhood t inspire !        
immortal hope4  ,man faces ! wor/ t c   
befall him--dr9ks ! hemlock or suff]s ! 
torture--r ?an be false to duty4  ,! "m 
broods ov] ! life my/]i\sly sprung f h] 
own1 & giv5 back by h] z a sacr$ tru/ to

 ! s]vice ( ! "r & to an unse5 keep+4   
,& to m>tyr & "m comes ! voice1 ,all    
%all be well ) !e & ?9e4   ,*ri/ianity1 
inh]it+ f ,judaism ! belief 9           
immortality1 gave x a m c5tral place1 & 
a m appeal+ =ce4  ,( ! old] religion1 ! 
special *>act]i/ic--comp>$ ) ! ,greek & 
,roman _w--0 ! impress+ ^u a :ole p ( a 
law ( conduct1 9 :i* ) a multitude (    
ext]nal c]emonies 7 b\nd up ! fundam5tal
 pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 b5evol5ce1 &       
*a/ity1 en=c$ by ! au?ority ( a p]sonal 
& righte\s ,god4  ,we see ! educational 
effect ^u ! religi\s ,hebrew ( ?is      
cle>ly p]sonal ,god4  ,x con/antly lift$
 him out ( ! littl5ess (                
self-consci\sness1 sett+ be=e 8         
imag9ation ! l(tie/ object4  ,x gave    
def9it5ess & impressiv5ess to 8 be/     
ideals4  ,&1 fur!r1 ?is an?ropomorphism1
 z we "n x n[1 0 b ! primitive          
expression ( ! pr9ciple :i* is c5tral 9 
all =ms ( religi\s fai?1 t man & !      
univ]se are 9 "s deepe/ s5se at "o1 & t 
man's close/ approa* to ! secret ( !    

univ]se lies ?r\gh 8 own noble/         
developm5t4  ,t is "o way ( say+ :at !  
,jew felt :5 8 imag9ation gave to !     
/]ne/ comm& & ! highe/ promise !        
sanction1 ,?us sai? ! ,"l4   ,! ,hebrew 
religion 0 wr\ght out "u con/ant        
pressure ( disa/]4 ,x 0 ! religion ( a  
pr\d1 brave p1 :o 7 con/antly held 9    
subjection to =eign conqu]ors4  ,h5ce   
came a quality ( int5se ho/ility to ^!  
tyrannical foes1 & also a con/ant appeal
 to ! ,div9e ,p[] :i* seem$ (t5 to      
conceal itself4  ,h5ce--& f t sorr[ful  
lot ( ! individual :i* (t5 mat*es ?is   
national trag$y--h5ce comes !           
passionate1 plead+1 poignant quality    
?r\gh :i* ! ,old ,te/am5t has always    
spok5 to ! /ruggl+ & suff]+1--) gleams (
 hope1 ! m int5se f ! cl\ds ?r\gh :i* !y
 %9e4  ,! note ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is     
exultant4  ,!re is ke5 s5se ( pres5t    
evil1 endurance1 /ruggle2 b !re is a    
deep] s5se ( a great deliv]ance already 
begun & to be p]fect$ 9 ! future4  ,!   
he>t ( ?is new en]gy1 joy1 & hope is    

love = a human yet cele/ial fri5d4  ,?is
 love 0 awak5$ by a p]sonality (        
extraord9>y nobility & attractiv5ess4   
,! p]sonal affection inspir$ imag9ation 
& ideality to _! highe/ flights4  ,its  
orig9al object became inve/$ ) sup]human
 traits & elevat$ to a deity4  ,to trace
 ) c]ta9ty & m9ut5ess ! hi/oric l9eam5ts
 ( ! real man is n altoge!r possible2 b 
! ess5tial tru? conc]n+ him is          
suffici5tly pla94  ,! biographies :i* we
 possess ( ,jesus 7 writt5 f ?irty to a 
hundr$ ye>s aft] 8 dea?4  ,9 ^! records 
memory & imag9ation are intimately      
bl5d$4  ,on ! "o h&1 ! p[] & l(t9ess ( 8
 "* & words /amp$ c]ta9 traits          
unmi/akably & indelibly on ! m9ds ( 8   
foll[]s4  ,b on ! o!r h&1 he 0 s        
sugge/ive & inspir+--!re 7 among 8      
disciples natures s susceptible1        
responsive1 yet untra9$1 & _! community 
0 soon fus$ 9 su* a contagion (         
passionate feel+ un*eck$ by reason--t ! 
se$s ( 8 words & acts fruit$ 9 a ri*    
gr[? ( imag9ation1 :i* bl5t closely ) ! 

hi/oric reality4  ,& ) ! c5tral         
inspiration ( 8 life !re mix$ 9 8       
foll[]s ideas m or less =eign to him1 s 
t ! result 9 ! ,gospels is a composite  
:i* (t5 defies c]ta9ty ( analysis4  ,if 
we read ) op5 m9d ! ,gospel n>ratives1 !
 =emo/1 vivid impression we get is ( a  
p]sonage us+ sup]human p[] ov] natural  
=ces = ! b5efit ( mank9d4  ,z he is     
describ$1 ,jesus is be=e all a work] (  
b5efic5t miracles4  ,he is a tea*]1 too1
 & an unexampl$ "o4  ,b he en=ces 8     
tea*+ by means utt]ly transc5d+ !       
cr$5tials ( o!r tea*]s4  ,he is a t5d]  
human fri5d1 b he expresses 8 fri5d%ip  
by s]vices su* z no o!r fri5d c r5d]4   
,he allays tempe/s by a ^w4  ,he creates
 bread & w9e at w4  ,he heals ! fev]$1 !
 lunatic1 ! bl9d4  ,he raises ! dead4   
,9 a ^w1 he con/antly ex]cises sup]human
 p[]4  ,x is ?is1 n less ?an ! excell5ce
 ( 8 tea*+1 :i* has di/+ui%$ him 9 !    
eyes ( 8 wor%ip]s4  ,:at is ! wise/ ^w  
ab\t immortality wor?--:at d we c>e =   
:at ,socrates or ,plato said--:5 "h is  

"o :o rais$ ,laz>us f ! dead & rose     
himself8 ,:at ne$ = any argum5t or      
assurance ab\t ,provid5ce1 :5 "h is "o  
?r\gh :om ! v ord] ( nature is set aside
 at ! impulse ( b5efic5t love8  ,b !    
gr[+ difficulty 9 really believ+ !      
miracles & ! gr[+ pref]5ce = ! purely   
human elem5ts ( ! /ory h l$ 9 our "t to 
a diff]5t conception4  ,! secret (      
,jesus 0 ! idea & reality ( a pure &    
ard5t life4 ,8 g5ius lay 9 %[+ !        
possibilities ( ! human _s1 9 its       
int]ior h>mony & its relations ) ! _w   
ab\t x4  ,love y\r enemies1--9 t ^w he  
rea*$ ! h>de/ & highe/ a*ievem5t (      
conduct4  ,! pure 9 he>t %all see       
,god1--) t he put 9 ! h&s ( ! humble/   
man ! key ( ! heav5ly vision4  ,!       
,hebrew idea 0 righte\sness1 9 ! s5se ( 
*a/ity1 ju/ice1 & piety4  ,jesus        
sublimat$ ?is1--9 him *a/ity becomes    
purity2 9 place ( ju/ice dawns          
bro!rhood2 & piety *anges f p]sonal     
homage to a love embrac+ e>? & heav54   
,jesus taught 9 p>ables4  ,a /ory--an   

outw>d1 objective fact1 some?+ :i* !    
imag9ation c body =?--(t5 facilitates ! 
imp>tation to ano!r m9d ( a spiritual   
exp]i5ce4  ,! s\l has no adequate       
language ( its own1--x mu/ borr[ f !    
s5ses & ! imag9ation4  ,! c5tral idea ( 
,jesus is express$ 9 ! say+1 ,no man    
kn[e? ! ,son b ! ,fa!r1 nei!r kn[e? any 
man ! ,fa!r save ! ,son4 ,t is1 man is a
 my/]y except to 8 ,mak]2 he does n ev5 
und]/& himself4  ,& correspond+ly1 ,no  
man kn[e? ! ,fa!r save ! ,son3 only !   
ob$i5t & lov+ he>t recognizes !         
,div9ity4 ,god is n kn[n by ! intellect3
 he is felt ?r\gh ! moral nature4       
,peace1 assurance1 s5se ( inmo/ reality1
 comes ?r\gh /eadfa/ goodness4  ,jesus  
impress$ ?is idea by ! figure ( fa!r &  
son4  ,:at symbol c\ld he h us$ m       
intelligible8 m univ]sally com+ home8   
,l all /atem5ts ( highe/ tru?1 all      
symbols1 x 0 imp]fect2 x did n furni% an
 adequate explanation ( ! work+s ( !    
univ]se4 ,b1 "u ! homelie/ figure1 "u ! 
guise ( ! ne>e/ human relation1 x       

express$ ! greate/ tru? ( ! inn] life4  
,fur!r1 ,jesus ?rew 8 emphasis :]e m5   
ne$ x ?r[n1--n on ab/ract ideas1 b on   
action4  ,8 tea*+ 0 always z to conduct4
 ,purity1 =giv5ess1 rightness ( he>t 7 8
 !mes4  ,above all1 he liv$ :at he      
taught4  ,he left ! memory ( a life :i* 
to 8 foll[]s seem$ faultless4  ,& ev]   
s9ce1 ^? :o felt _! own inadequacy h    
laid close/ hold on 8 success1 8        
victory1 z someh[ ! pl$ge ( !irs4       
,jesus 0 a ,jew1 b 9 him !re 0 born into
 ! _w a high] pr9ciple ?an ,judaism4  ,!
 hi/oric l9eage is n to be too mu*      
insi/$ on4  ,:5 he said1 ,love y\r      
enemies1 ,=give t ye may be =giv51 he   
br\ght into ! traditional religion a    
revolution>y idea4 ,judaism 0 l>gely a  
religion ( wra?4  ,jesus plant$ a       
religion ( love4  ,! t5d] plant 0 soon  
half *ok$ by ! old co>se gr[?1 & = _m   
c5turies ! religion nam$ aft] ,*ri/ _h a
 ve9 ( hate z fi]ce z ! old ,judaism4   
,b bl5d+ ) x1 & /ruggl+ always =        
asc5d5cy1 0 ! religion ( love1 symboliz$

 by ! cradle ( ,be?lehem & ! cross (    
,calv>y4   ,( ! ,judaic traits 9 ,jesus1
 conspicu\s 0 ! prophetic feel+ & tone4 
,he 0 possess$ ) an absolute fullness ( 
conviction1 & spoke 9 a tone ( bl5d$    
ardor & c]titude4  ,he taught z "o hav+ 
au?ority4  ,he r>ely gave reasons4  ,if 
9 8 words we f9d appeal to prec$5t or   
argum5t1 x is really z little m ?an     
illu/ration or picture to clo! 8 own    
intuition4  ,8 foll[]s believ$ 8 words1 
ei!r because ( "s consci\s witness 9 _! 
brea/s1 or because _! love & rev]5ce =  
him won = 8 ass]tions an unque/ion+     
acceptance4  ,f ,judaism he took !      
famili> idea ( "o all-p[]ful & holy     
,god2 a moral ideal :i* 0 *iefly        
di/+ui%$ f t ( ! ,greek-,roman _w by its
 great] emphasis on *a/ity2 & also !    
belief 9 a con/ant div9e int]position 9 
human affairs1 :i* soon 0 to culm9ate 9 
! e/abli%m5t ( a div9e k+dom on e>?4    
,jesus woke 9 8 foll[]s an ardor =      
goodness1 a t5d]ness = _! fell[ m51 & a 
supreme devotion to himself4  ,8 words  

w5t /raight to ! spr+s ( "*4  ,he bru%$ 
aside religi\s c]emonial z ( no         
importance4  ,he s5t ! se>*+ light (    
purity into ! recesses ( ! he>t4  ,he   
made love ! law ( life & ! key ( !      
univ]se4 ,he int]pret$ love1 z a        
pr9ciple ( human conduct1 by            
illu/rations ! mo/ homely1 real1 & t5d]4
  ,love is no m]e delici\s emotion3 x is
 giv+ our bread to ! hungry1 ourselves  
to ! ne$y4  ,x is n a m]e felicity (    
k9dr$ spirits1--love !m t hate y1 pray =
 !m t despitefully use y6  ,jesus 0 !   
greate/ ( poets4  ,to e fact1 to e idea1
 he gave its mo/ beautiful & spiritual  
int]pretation4  ,:5 he speaks ( ,god1 8 
spee* is ! pure poetry ( ! s\l4  ,yahveh
 becomes to him ! ,all-fa!r4  ,8        
provid5ce is ov] ! lilies & ! sp>r[s4   
,8 ra9 & sun%9e are %$ on ! unju/ z on !
 j4  ,8 inmo/ nature is set =? by !     
human fa!r meet+ 8 return+ prodigal a   
great way (f4  ,8 v life is %>$ ) 8     
*ildr54  ,x wells up 9 ,jesus himself3 !
 light 9 8 eyes1 ! t5d]ness 9 8 tones1 !

 ye>n+ 9 8 he>t1--x is my ,fa!r ye "k 9 
me6  ,h[ does t ,div9e ,p[] appe> 9 !   
proc$ure ( ! univ]se8  ,:at real        
provid5ce is !re = ! sla9 sp>r[8  ,:at  
is ! actual de/9y ( ^? human lives :i*  
%[ only fru/ration & failure8 ,jesus    
does n answ] ^! que/ions4  ,x does n    
appe> t he tri$ to answ] !m4  ,8 words  
are fill$ ) a glad1 unque/ion+ tru/4 ,he
 is n ! philosoph] seek+ to measure     
life4  ,he is ! lov] liv+ x1 ! poet     
delight+ 9 x4  ,! secret ( ,jesus lay 9 
8 s5se ( ! k+dom ( ,god )9 him1--(      
ob$i5ce1 peace1 & joy1 :i* 0 9 itself   
suffici5t4 ,simply to communicate &     
imp>t t 0 to spread ! ,k+dom among m54  
,a tea*] l ,john ! ,bapti/--possess$ by 
! idea ( righte\sness1 & ( ! _w's       
defici5cy1 b )\t tranquillity 9 8 own   
he>t--c\ld look only = a div9e          
int]position1 a cata/rophe4  ,john is a 
sort ( ,c>lyle4  ,b ,jesus1 he>+ him1 & 
brood+ ! deep] tru?1 goes ab\t proclaim+
 a pres5t heav54  ,! m>ks ( ?is inn]    
/ate def9$ !mselves aga9/ ! conditions (

 life he saw ab\t him4  ,?us1 he %[s 8  
e/imate ( weal? 9 ! /ory ( ! "y rul]4   
,sell all t ?\ ha/ & give to ! poor6    
,t[>d ! o!r prize :i* m5 mo/ seek1      
reputation1 8 feel+ is express$ to ! two
 bre?r5 ask+ *ief places3 ,he t w be    
*ief among y1 let him be y\r s]vant4  ,z
 to le>n+1 intellectual atta9m5t1 8     
*>act]i/ic ^w is1 ,?\ ha/ hid ^! ?+s f !
 wise & prud5t1 & ha/ reveal$ !m unto   
babes4  ,be z little *ildr54  ,!        
preval5t =ms ( religi\s obs]vance he    
quietly acquiesc$ 91 except :]e !y b>r$ 
! free play ( human *>ity4  ,!n he set !
 =m aside1 z be+ only ! s]vant ( ! _s4  
,! ,sabba? 0 made = man1 n man = !      
,sabba?4  ,su* 0 8 attitude t[>d weal?1 
honor1 intellectual wisdom1 c]emonial4  
,t[>d ! outca/s1 ! publican & h>lots1 8 
attitude 0 ( pure compassion4  ,t[>d !  
,ph>isees x 0 d5unciatory4  ,weal? (    
c]emony & pov]ty ( _s1 self-complac5cy  
mix$ ) scorn = o!rs & ) ho/ility to new 
light & love1 r\s$ 9 him a wra? :i*     
broke 9 lightn+-fla%es4  ,woe unto y6   

:it$ sepul*res full ( dead m5's bones1  
*ildr5 ( hell6  ,9 ! e?ics ( ,jesus     
*a/ity has a high place1 yet he has few 
words ab\t x4  ,8 is an exalt$ & ard5t  
goodness1 ( :i* purity is an almo/ sil5t
 elem5t4  ,8 effect is l t ( a noble    
woman1 ^: pres5ce is felt z an          
atmosph]e4  ,:5 he speaks1 8 words set !
 highe/ m>k1--,be pure 9 he>t4  ,we may 
contra/ ! sc5e betwe5 ,jesus & ,m>y     
,magdal5e ) t betwe5 ,socrates & !      
c\rtesan ,!odota4  ,! philosoph] is pro(
 aga9/ allurem5t1 & gives k9dly advice1 
:i* cle>ly w h no effect2 ,jesus1 )\t   
consci\s ef=t1 wakes a passion (        
rep5tance :i* trans=ms ! life4  ,s aga9 
we may comp>e ! *eck :i* ,epictetus     
prescribes aga9/ undue t5d]ness1 ,say   
:ile y kiss y\r *ild1 he is mortal1 ) ! 
habitual attitude ( ,jesus t[>d         
*ildr51--tak+ !m 9 8 arms1 & say+1 ,(   
su* is ! k+dom ( heav54  ,x is 9 su*    
sc5es z ^!--9 8 relations especially )  
wom5 & ) *ildr5--t we be/ see ! g5ius ( 
! he>t1 ! newness :i* came into ! _w )  

,jesus4  ,:ile dwell+ 9 an inn] realm ( 
joy1 he _h ! ke5e/ s5se ( ! s9 & sorr[ 9
 m5's lives4  ,he 0 fill$ ) compassion =
 ! multitude1 z %eep hav+ no %eph]d4    
,_! epilepsies1 leprosies1--! h>dness ( 
he>t1 ! ins5sibility to ! high]         
life1--^! mov$ him ) a great pity4      
,sc>cely save 9 little *ildr5 did he see
 ! he>t-free joy1 ! natural fre$om &    
happ9ess1 :i* 0 8 own4  ,! h>d-he>t$ness
 ( ! ri*1 ! scorn ( ! self-righte\s = ! 
outca/s1 mov$ 8 indignation4 ,?us ! holy
 happ9ess ( 8 own life 0 m+l$ ) a pr(\nd
 s5se ( ! tr\ble ( o!r lives4  ,8 read+ 
( ! tr\ble 0 v simple3 !re 7 b two =ces 
9 ! _w1 moral good & evil1 ,god &       
,satan1 & ,god 0 %ortly to give an      
absolute triumph to ! good4  ,among !   
*ief impressions he made 0 t ( comm&+   
p[]4  ,he mu/ h be5 full ( heal?y &     
maje/ic manhood4  ,wom5 & *ildr5 7      
attract$ to him1 z ! weak are attract$  
by ! /rong4  ,9 ! /orm on ! lake1 8 _s s
 rose above ! elem5tal rage--z if       
upborne ) delight by ! sublime sc5e--t 8

 companions =got _! fe>s1 & 9 !         
remembrance x appe>$ to !m t ! sea & w9d
 grew calm at 8 ^w4  ,8 /r5g? seem$ to  
imp>t itself to ! weak1 8 heal? to !    
sick4  ,! /ories ( m>vel :i* ri*ly      
embroid] ! :ole /ory are p>tly ! halos (
 imag9ation inve/+ a p]sonality :i*     
comm&$1 *>m$1 inspir$4  ,sometimes evil 
0 consid]$ ! "w ( wick$ spirits1--s     
especially 9 cases ( lunacy4  ,ov] "s   
su* cases ,jesus _h a peculi> p[]4  ,he 
ev5 imp>t$ ?is p[] to "s ( ! disciples1 
:o caught 8 inspiration4  ,! disciples1 
& probably ,jesus1 believ$ t ?is p[]    
ext5d$ to o!r sicknesses4  ,( ! uni=mity
 ( nature !re is no recognition 9 ! ,new
 ,te/am5t4  ,man's p[] ov] ev5ts is     
believ$ to be measur$ by 8 spiritual    
ne>ness to ,god4  ,if ye h fai? z a gra9
 ( mu/>d se$1 ye c ca/ m\nta9s into !   
sea4  ,:5 ! s\l ex*anges its solit>y    
commun+ = ! actual _w1 x ne$s to see    
manife/$ !re ! div9ity x has felt4      
,jesus f\nd ?is manife/ation p>tly 9 8  
p[] ?r\gh fai? to d mighty works1 p>tly 

9 ! expectation ( ! ne> com+ ( ! ,k+dom4
  ,^! 9 "o s5se typify ! =ms 9 :i* !    
religi\s s\l always & ev]y:]e f9ds !    
div9e pres5ce4  ,man himself ma/]s !    
=ces ( nature1 & z he does s has !      
consci\sness ( "s high] p[] work+ ?r\gh 
him4  ,& he looks = a bett] future =    
himself & = mank9d4  ,b ! peculi>ity (  
,jesus--look$ at f a mod]n /&po9t--0 t  
he comb9$ ! mo/ ard5t1 pure1 & t5d]     
feel+ & conduct ) a simple belief t 9 ! 
c\rse ( ev5ts only moral & spiritual    
=ces are to be reckon$ )2 t man has p[] 
ov] nature 9 proportion to ! purity &   
int5sity ( 8 tru/ 9 ,god2 & t ! :ole    
ord] ( society is to be spe$ily trans=m$
 by a div9e int]position4  ,^! ideas 7  
inwr\ght 9 ,jesus1 & bl5d$ ) 8 ardor (  
goodness1 8 t5d]ness1 8 s5se ( a mission
 to seek & save ! lo/4  ,9 8 tea*+1 ,god
 fe$s & clo!s 8 *ildr5 z he fe$s ! birds
 & clo!s ! grass4  ,!re is no ne$ t !y  
%\ld be anxi\s ab\t _! physical wants4  
,_! tr\bles w be bani%$ if !y w pray 9  
fai?4  ,disease1 lunacy1 all devili%    

evil1 w vani% be=e ! pres5ce ( ! tru/+  
*ild ( ,god4  ,all ! inju/ice & wrong ( 
! _w are spe$ily to vani% ?r\gh ! direct
 int]v5tion ( ,god4  ,x is ! old        
an?ropomorphic idea ( ,god--! idea ( !  
,prophet & ,psalmi/1 :olly unt\*$ by !  
que/ion+ ( ,job2 become t5d]1 ?r\gh !   
mell[+ gr[? ( c5turies2 sublimat$ 9 a   
he>t ( exquisite goodness & t5d]ness2 & 
mix$ ) a vision>y int]pretation ( ! _w4 
,:at ! rul+ p[] ( ! univ]se w d he inf]s
 f ! mo/ attractive human analogy4  ,if 
ev5 an unju/ human judge yields to !    
importunity ( a petition]1 mu* m w !    
div9e judge li/5 to ! cry ( ! wrong$ &  
suff]+4  ,if a human fa!r gives bread to
 8 *ildr5 :5 !y ask1 mu* m w ! div9e    
fa!r4  ,we are to rememb] t ,jesus %>$ !
 inh]itance1 ! education1 & ! beliefs ( 
! ,galilean peasantry ( 8 "t4  ,! =ce 9 
him :i* w9n[$ ! ideas ( 8 p1 select+ &  
sublimat+ ! high] elem5ts1 0 an         
exceptional moral & spiritual insight4  
,?is insight guid$ him f> upw>d 9 tru?s 
( conduct & ( emotional life4 ,b x c\ld 

n suffice to disclose ^? broad facts z  
to ! proc$ure ( ! ph5om5a ( nature :i*  
we call sci5ce4  ,to ! ,jew ( ! ,new    
,te/am5t p]iod1--to ,paul z mu* z to !  
fi%]m5 ( ,galilee1--! _w 0 directly     
adm9i/]$ by a p]sonal be+ :o habitually 
set aside = 8 own purposes ! ord9>y     
c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,! high] m9ds ( !        
,greek-,roman _w _h rea*$ a diff]5t     
conception4  ,?9k]s l ,ari/otle _h      
assum$ ! con/ancy ( nature z ! basis (  
_! tea*+1 poets l ,lucretius _h         
proclaim$ x4 ,b ! great mass ( !        
,greek-,roman _w /ill believ$1 z !      
entire ,jewi% p believ$1 9 ! habitual   
int]v5tion ( "s div9e p]sonality4  ,:at 
di/+ui%$ & dignifi$ ! ,jewi% belief 0 t 
x attribut$ all su* int]v5tions to a    
s+le deity :o embodi$ ! highe/ moral    
p]fection1 in/ead ( to a mix$ multitude 
repres5t+ evil z well z good impulses4  
,all ,jewi% hi/ory 0 writt5 on ?is      
hypo!sis4  ,! only records ( ! pa/ :i*  
,jesus knew 7 ! ,old ,te/am5t & its     
,apocrypha1 9 :i* ea* crisis ( ! nation 

or ! individual display$ ! decisive     
int]f]5ce ( ! heav5ly p[]4 ,! occurr5ces
 :i* we "n miracles 7 h>dly di/+ui%$ by 
! ,jew z g5]ically diff]5t f ord9>y     
occurr5ces2 !y 7 only m m>k$ & special  
in/ances ( ,god's work+4  ,t a man      
especially belov$ ( ,god = 8 goodness   
%\ld be giv5 p[] to heal ! bl9d & !     
lunatic seem$ z natural z x 0 t 8 lov+  
compassion %\ld w9 ! outca/ & 8 fi]y    
rebuke appall ! hypocrite4  ,x seems    
cle> t ,jesus1 n less ?an 8 disciples1  
reg>d$ 8 p[] ov] physical ills z j z    
truly an incid5t ( 8 "* & mission z 0 ! 
p[] to inspire conduct & reclaim ! err+4
 ,:at diff]5tiat$ him f !m 0 t he held !
 physical m>vels ( f> less relative     
acc\nt ?an !y did4  ,obscure z ! detail$
 n>ratives mu/ rema9 to u1 x seems      
unmi/akable t he habitually disc\rag$   
all publicity & prom95ce = 8 works (    
heal+4  ,8 spiritual g5ius %[$ him t !  
/imulation ( curiosity & expectation 9  
?is direction div]t$ m5 f ! pr9cipal    
bus9ess ( life1 & ! ess5tial purport ( 8

 message1--to love1 obey1 & tru/4  ,!   
po9t at :i* ! idea ( div9e int]v5tion   
mo/ s]i\sly affect$ 8 "w seems to h be5 
9 8 gr[+ expectation ( a spe$y          
consummation :i* %\ld 9 a day e/abli% on
 e>? ! k+dom ( tru? & righte\sness4  ,8 
e>li] tea*+s include /rik+ utt]ances ^u 
! gradual developm5t ( "* 9 man1 ! sl[  
rip5+ ( society1 z 9 ! p>ables ( ! leav5
 & ! s[]4 ,"h he 0 on ! firm gr\nd ( 8  
own obs]vation & consci\sness4 ,b z !   
problem ( 8 own mission press$ = an     
explicit solution2 z ! l(ty passion ( ! 
ideali/1 ! ye>n+ t5d]ness ( ! lov] ( m51
 7 ?w>t$ & baffl$ by ! prodigi\s in]tia 
( humanity1--s he 0 ?r[n back m & m on t
 promise ( "s swift cata/rophic judgm5t 
& triumph :i* 0 ! clos+ ^w ( anci5t     
prophecy1 & :i* seem$ to answ] ! cry ( 8
 s\l4  ,! lat] *apt]s ( ! synoptic      
,gospels are int5sely color$ ) ?is      
anticipation ( a div9e judgm5t close at 
h&4  ,! promise1 ! ?reat1 ! trem5d\s    
imag]y1 7 de> to ! he>t ( ! e>ly *ur*4  
,!y f$ ! imag9ation ( ! m$iaeval *ur*4  

,b t mod]n ,*ri/ianity :i* f9ds 9 ,*ri/ 
! s\rce & embodim5t ( all its own ref9$ 
& exalt$ conceptions is incl9$ to look  
away f all ?is mill5nial prophecy2 to   
weak5 or ignore its significance1 or to 
attribute x to ! misconception ( !      
disciples4  ,?is mod]n ,*ri/ianity fa/5s
 its att5tion on ^? tea*+s ( purely     
spiritual & univ]sal tru? 9 :i* ,jesus  
inde$ spoke z nev] o!r man spoke4 ,?is  
exclusive insi/5ce on ! e?ical &        
spiritual elem5t may suffice = ^? to :om
 ,*ri/ is an ideal or a div9ity4  ,b if 
we are to /udy ! hi/orical developm5t ( 
our religion1 & n m]ely its pres5t =m1 x
 seems necess>y to recognize ?is belief 
9 ! ,judgm5t & ,adv5t z a v important   
factor 9 ! /ory4  ,unless we attribute  
to 8 disciples & biograph]s a misund]/&+
 almo/ inconceivable1 he id5tifi$       
himself ) ! ,son ( ,man :om ! prophecy (
 ,daniel & ! popul> belief expect$ to   
set up a div9e k+dom on e>?4  ,! :ole   
/ory 9 ! lat] *apt]s ( ! ,gospels is    
p]vad$ by ?is idea4  ,! p[]ful imag]y ( 

a ,day ( ,judgm5t1 ! spl5did promises & 
lurid ?reat5+s1 ! specific incid5ts (   
tea*+ & ev5t1 ! ov]/ra9$ eag]ness1--:i* 
w n suff] a son to wait to bury 8 fa!r1 
or all[ a fig-tree to refuse miracul\s  
fruit1--all agree 9 ! pres5tation (     
,jesus z absorb$ ) ?is trem5d\s         
expectation4  ,t he 0 on ! :ole s little
 un/eadi$ by ?is anticipation seems due 
to 8 pr(\nd1 sympa!tic s5se ( ! sad &   
sorr[ful elem5ts :i* someh[ m+le ) human
 de/9y4  ,he 0 n ?9k+ *iefly (          
himself1--n ev5 ?\gh he 0 to be ,god's  
viceg]5t4  ,:at fill$ 8 he>t1 0 ! de/9y 
( m54  ,he wept ov] ,j]usalem1--he m\rn$
 = ^? :o w\ld g away into d>kness4  ,!  
realities ( human exp]i5ce1 wid5$ by    
sympa?y1 came close home to him4  ,x    
seems pla9--s f> z any?+ c be pla9 9 !  
details ( ! /ory--t z 8 mission w5t on 8
 temp] ( a pure spiritual idealism *ang$
 into a controv]sy ) ! lead]s ( !       
e/abli%$ religion4  ,he w5t to          
,j]usalem1 =esee+ t ! controv]sy w\ld   
!re take an acute =m1 ) ! grave/ issues4

  ,at times ! presage rose ( 8 own      
defeat & dea?4  ,suppose t 7 to happ58  
,/ill--s spoke 8 victori\s fai?--,god's 
cause w\ld triumph4  ,& x w\ld triumph  
spe$ily & visibly4  ,s he he>t5$ 8      
foll[]s = any ev5t4  ,be prep>$--y :o   
are to me bro!rs & si/]s & "m--be prep>$
 ev5 = my dea?4  ,all ! same1 my tru? w 
v9dicate itself1 ,god w triumph1 y %all 
be sav$6  ,j]usalem1 x is pla91 /ruck   
him mu* z ,rome did ,lu!r4  ,gorge\s    
build+s1 spl5did c]emonies1 augu/       
au?orities1 & along ) x a mass ( gre$1  
=mality1 worldl9ess4  ,a solemn s5se    
comes ov] him t ?is _c endure4  ,!      
disciples *ildi%ly m>vel at ! spl5did   
,temple1 b its gorge\sness /rikes him z 
e>?ly1 s5su\s1 p]i%able1 & he says1 ,!re
 %all n "o /one be left ^u ano!r4  ,8   
indignation rises & seeks expression 9  
"s outw>d act :i* %all blaze ^u ! dull  
multitude ! s5se ( _! s9ful /ate4  ,he  
goes into ! c\rts ( ! ,temple1 drives   
out ! money-*ang]s & m]*ants1 ov]?r[s _!
 tables1 scatt]s all ! app>atus ( trade4

 ,?is is ! turn+-po9t 9 8 c>e]2 he has  
giv5 an effective h&le aga9/ him to !   
=mali/s & bigots :o already hat$ him1 & 
!y spe$ily br+ ab\t 8 ru94  ,! life (   
,jesus culm9ates 9 ! sc5es ( ! la/      
night4  ,at ! supp]1 sure n[ ( 8 imp5d+ 
fate1 8 will+ self-devotion expresses   
himself 9 t poetry ( humble objects :i* 
0 *>act]i/ic ( him1 & ) passionate      
int5sity4  ,?is bread is my body4  ,?is 
w9e is my blood4  ,i give myself = y4   
,! sc5e 9 ,ge?semane %[s ! dismay &     
recoil ( ! h\r :5 8 ard5t fai? met full 
! /]n actuality4  ,god 0 n to int]f]e1  
defeat & dea? 7 be=e him4  ,all 0 hidd51
 save a fate :i* rose ^u 8 imag9ation 9 
d>k t]ror4  ,o my ,fa!r1 if x be        
possible1 let ?is cup pass f me6  ,!n   
comes ! victory ( absolute self-surr5d]1
 ,n my w1 b ?9e1 be done4   ,! bir?-h\r 
( ! religion ( ,jesus 0 t 9 :i* he began
 to decl>e =giv5ess to ! outca/ & good  
tid+s to ! poor4  ,b ! bir?-h\r (       
,*ri/ianity1 z ! wor%ip ( ,jesus1 0 t 9 
:i* ,m>y ,magdal5e saw h] ma/] z ris5 & 

et]nally liv+4  ,! impulse :i* caught up
 & gave w+s to 8 "w j :5 x seem$ cru%$  
came f ! he>t ( ,m>y4  ,9 a spiritual   
s5se ! "m ( ,*ri/ianity 0 a woman :o _h 
be5 a s9n]1 & 0 =giv5 because %e lov$   
mu*4  ,! fai? t s5t ! disciples =? to   
conqu] ! _w 0 ! fai? t _! ,"l 0 n dead b
 liv+1 n a memory b a p]petual pres5ce4 
,t conviction fir/ fla%$ into ! he>t (  
,m>y4  ,x 0 born ( a love /rong] ?an    
dea?1 ! love ( a rescu$ s\l = its       
savior4  ,x sprang up 9 a m9d simple z a
 *ild's1 incapable ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 :at
 x felt & :at x saw1 betwe5 its own     
ye>n+ or in/9ct & ! actualities ( !     
outw>d _w4  ,x took bodily =m "u a gl[ (
 exaltation t knew n itself1 :e!r 9 !   
body or out ( ! body4  ,x cry/alliz$    
in/antly into a /ory ( outw>d fact4  ,x 
communicat$ itself by sympa!tic int5sity
 to o!r lov+ & cr$ul\s he>ts4  ,!y too  
saw ! heav5ly vision4  ,its acceptance z
 a reality became ! corn]-/one ( ! new  
society4  ,ab\t x grew up1 9 ev]        
increas+ fullness & def9it5ess ( outl9e1

 a :ole sup]nal _w ( cele/ial           
p]sonalities4  ,b ! initial fact 0 !    
he>t's conviction--,jesus lives6  ,our  
fri5d & ma/] is n 9 ! grave1 nor 9 !    
cold und]world2 he is ! *ild ( ! liv+   
,god1 & he draws u t[>d him 9 t div9e & 
et]nal life4  ,to get "s p>tial         
compreh5sion ( h[ ! belief 9 ,jesus'    
resurrection took possession ( !        
disciples' m9ds1 we are to rememb] t    
dur+ ! la/ mon?s ( _! ma/]'s life he 0 9
 a /ate ( t5se1 high-wr\ght expectation1
 :i* communicat$ itself to !m4 ,some?+  
wond]ful 0 j ab\t to happ54  ,!re 0 to  
be a sudd5 & amaz+ manife/ation ( div9e 
p[]1 by :i* ! k+dom ( ,god 0 to triumph 
& !nce=? to reign4  ,b ! way to ?is     
consummation might lead ?r\gh ! valley (
 ! %ad[ ( dea?4  ,9 ! s\l ( ,jesus a    
sublime hope & a d>k presage alt]nat$ & 
m+l$4  ,x is n to be suppos$ t he held a
 def9ite & un*ang+ conception4          
,cl\d-%ad[s & sunbur/s play$ by turns   
across him1 ) ! int5sity natural to a   
s\l ( va/ emotions4  ,con/ant ?r\gh x   

all 0 ! fix$ purpose to be true to 8    
mission1 & ) victori\s recurr5ce came 8 
confid5ce 9 ! div9e issue4  ,8 sympa!tic
 disciples 7 vaguely1 pr(\ndly /irr$ by 
?is elem5tal /ruggle & victory4  ,!y too
 became int5sely expectant ( "s great   
cata/rophe & triumph4  ,aft] ! fir/ %ock
 ( ! ,ma/]'s dea?1 all ?is emotion surg$
 up 9 !m afre%1 ) _! love height5$ z    
dea? always height5s love1 ) ! fre% &   
vivid memories ( _! lead] sweep+ !m on 9
 ! curr5t ( 8 purpose & hope & fai?4  ,8
 words 7 true1--he mu/1 he w1 conqu] &  
reign4  ,if he has gone to ! und]world1 
he w live aga94  ,w1--nay1 is he n "h ) 
u n[8  ,is he n m real to our ?\ght &   
love ?an ev] be=e8  ,& fir/ 9 "o m9d1 !n
 9 ano!r1 ! conviction fla%es into      
bodily image4  ,m>y has se5 ! ,ma/]6    
,pet] has se5 him6  ,& = a little "t--= 
=ty days--! electric air seems (t5 to   
body =? t lum9\s %ape4  ,! /ory1 z x    
grew ) ye>s1 took on "o detail aft]     
ano!r1 became def9ite & coh]5t1 0       
accept$ z ! *>t] & f\ndation ( ! little 

society4  ,to rightly und]/& ! fai? ( ! 
disciples 9 ! ris5 ,*ri/1 we mu/ look   
bel[ ! /ories ( s5se-appe>ance 9 :i* t  
fai? clo!d itself4  ,:at !y ess5tially  
felt--:at di/+ui%$ _! fai? f a m]e      
op9ion or dogma--0 n a m]e expectation1 
,! dead w rise2 n a m]e fact ( hi/ory1  
,"s "o did rise2 x 0 ! conviction &     
consci\sness1 ,our fri5d is liv+4  ,x 0 
an exp]i5ce--includ+ & transc5d+ memory 
& hope--( pres5t love1 pres5t communion1
 pres5t life4  ,sight & spee* l5t _! =ms
 to clo! ! ineffable exp]i5ce ( ,m>y & !
 disciples4  ,= u1 ! /ory ( outw>d      
ev5ts--! visible =m1 ! eat+ ( bread &   
fi%1 ! conv]sations1 ! float+ up into ! 
cl\ds--all ?is fades away z a mirage4   
,! reality bel[ ?is symbol--! s5se ( !  
human fri5d's cont9u$ & high] life--?is 
abides & r5ews itself2 n z an isolat$   
hi/oric fact1 b z an in/ance & c\nt]p>t 
( ! message :i* 9 e age comes to !      
b]eav$ he>t--( a love great] ?an loss1 a
 life 9 :i* dea? is swall[$ up4  ,!     
religion ( ! foll[]s ( ,jesus became a  

c5tr+ ( e affection1 obligation1 & hope1
 9 him4  ,= ! fir/ few ye>s all ?is 0   
m]g$ 9 ! eag] expectation ( 8 return4   
,:ile ?is la/$ 9 its fullness1 ev5      
memory 0 f> less to !m ?an hope4  ,!y   
did n attempt any complete records ( 8  
e>?ly life1--:at ne$ ( t1 :5 ! life 0 s 
soon to be resum$8  ,! bride on ! eve ( 
h] m>riage is n read+ h] old            
love-lett]s1--%e is look+ to ! morr[4   
,t fir/ eag] flu% _h already pass$ :5 ! 
e>lie/ gospels 7 writt54  ,by t "t hope 
_h begun to prop its wav]+ confid5ce1 by
 looks turn$ back ev5 to a remote pa/4  
,h5ce ! con/ant appeals to ! suppos$    
pr$ictions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 h5ce ev5 !
 imag9+ ( special ev5ts 9 ! life (      
,jesus to fulfill ^? pr$ictions4  ,!    
,old ,te/am5t z conceiv$ by ! writ]s ( !
 ,new is fanta/ically unlike ! orig9al  
writ+s4  ,! ,evangeli/s f\nd ,messianic 
prophecies ev]y:]e4  ,! writ]s ( !      
,epi/les1 ,paul & ! re/1 dealt )        
c]emonies & hi/ories z a qu>ry out ( :i*
 to hew :atev] allegory or argum5t suit$

 _! purpose4  ,9 ,luke's ,gospel we fir/
 see fully display$ ! idea ( ,*ri/ :i*  
took possession ( ! common m9d1 & has   
l>gely held x ev] s9ce1--a p]sonal      
,savior1--a graci\s1 m]ciful1 all-p[]ful
 deliv]]4 ,x is a gospel ( ! imag9ation 
& ! he>t--inspir$ by ! actual ,jesus1 b 
half-creat$ by ard5t1 ador+ imag9ation4 
,?is conception grew up side by side )  
,paul's4  ,x is f> clos] to ! popul> m9d
 & he>t ?an ,paul's idea1--8 0          
philosophic & metaphysic2 ?is is        
pictorial4  ,paul has be5 /udi$ by      
!ologians1 b ! ,gospels h giv5 ! ,*ri/ (
 ! common p4  ,! e>ly *ur* 0 divid$ into
 two p>ties1 ( :i* "o 0 l$ by ,paul1 :o 
/ood = ! free inclusion ( all :o w\ld   
accept ,jesus z ! ,messiah1 & w\ld      
impose no fur!r requirem5t ( c]emony or 
dogma1 tru/+ all to ! guidance ( !      
,_s--! ,_s ( :i* ! suffici5t fruit &    
evid5ce 0 love1 joy1 peace1 long-suff]+1
 g5tl5ess1 goodness1 fai?1 meekness1    
temp]ance4  ,! o!r p>ty1 l$ by disciples
 :o _h kn[n & foll[$ ,jesus himself1    

ma9ta9$ t ! entire ,jewi% law 0 /ill 9  
=ce1 & treat$ ,paul z a dang]\s h]etic4 
,to n>rate ! /ruggle & ! f9al           
reconcilem5t is beyond ! purpose ( ?is  
book1 b we mu/ pause a mom5t on ! figure
 ( ,paul4  ,x m>ks ! extraord9>y =ce &  
vividness ( ,paul's "*1 t 9 a few pages 
( lett]s1 9 :i* ! autobiography is only 
brief & incid5tal1 he has s display$    
himself t few hi/orical *>act]s are m   
famili>4  ,we see him1--deep-he>t$1     
vehem5t1 irascible1 t5d]1 self-ass]tive2
 int5sely b5t on ! high] life2 ?w>t$ 9 t
 aspiration by unruly passion1--lu/ ( ! 
fle% & pride ( ! _s2 /umbl+1 /amm]+1    
conqu]+2 a nature full ( int]nal        
conflict1 br\ght into h>mony by "o      
sublime spiritual affection2 !nce=? ?r[+
 its :ole en]gy into ! diffusion ( a l  
h>mony ?r\gh\t ?is _w ( tr\bl$ conflict4
  ,we see a m9d guid$ 9 its deepe/      
work+s by ! realities ( p]sonal         
exp]i5ce1 b :olly untra9$ 9 logic1      
unv]s$ 9 accurate k2 acqua9t$ ) hi/ory  
only ?r\gh ! ,old ,te/am5t2 ignorant ( !

 philosophy ( ,greece2 taught by        
intimate association ) _m m5 & wom5 9 _!
 deepe/ p]sonal exp]i5ces2 famili> by   
travel & obs]vation ) ! broad life ( !  
"t1 & judg+ x f a l(ty e?ical /&po9t2   
:olly cr$ul\s z to miracle2 :olly       
confid5t 9 its own !ories--!ories g5d]$ 
9 ! /range/ w$d+ ( fact & fancy2 us+    
con/antly ! =m ( argum5t1 :i* (t5 is    
pure fantasy2 illum9$ by gleams (       
spiritual insight1 :i* sometimes broad5 
into pure radiance2 /riv+ always to     
express ! consci\s fact ( a great fre$om
 ( ! s\l :i* b9ds x fa/ to all duty2    
aim+ at a human society dom9at$ :olly & 
solely by ! same spiritual pr9ciple2 b  
(t5 clo?+ bo? ! p]sonal & social ideal 9
 =ms ( ?\ght :i* h become obsolete1 s t 
= u to-day 8 tru? has to be /at$ 9 o!r  
language1 & broad5$ by o!r tru?s4  ,:]e 
,paul has always t\*$ m5 close/ is 9 !  
e>ne/ness & difficulty ( 8 /ruggle = !  
good life1 & 9 ! s5se ( a cele/ial      
aid1--he calls x ! love ( ,*ri/1--:i*   
someh[ br+s habitual victory 9 !        

conflict1 & %$s peace 9 its pauses1 &   
gives assurance ( ultimate triumph &    
p]fect fruition4  ,! ma9 !me = :i* ,paul
 cont5ds 9 mo/ ( 8 epi/les 0 vital to ! 
life ( ! e>ly *ur*1--t its memb]s 7 n to
 be held to obs]vance ( ! ,jewi% ritual4
  ,9 support ( t !me1 ,paul develops 8  
philosophy ( ! univ]se4  ,! ma9 l9es ( t
 philosophy are ess5tially ^!3 t :5 ,god
 _h creat$ man1 man's s9 incurr$ !      
p5alty ( dea?2 t ,god *ose ! ,jews z 8  
peculi> p1 & gave !m ! code ( laws      
conta9$ 9 ! books ( ,moses2 t ! law 0   
too difficult = weak human nature to    
p]fectly obey1 s t dea? /ill reign$ on  
e>?1 ) dire p5alty imp5d+ 9 ! aft]world2
 t ,god !n _h rec\rse to ano!r plan4    
,he s5t 8 ,son into ! _w1 :o became a   
man1 tak+ on him t fle%ly nature :i* is 
! occasion & ! symbol ( human           
transgression1 b :i* he wore 9 p]fect   
hol9ess4  ,god !n caus$ ?is fle%ly      
nature ( ,jesus to die ^u ! cross1 :ile 
! spiritual nature outliv$ ! p]i%+ body1
 appe>$ 9 radiant =m to m51 & return$ to

 ! et]nal realm4  ,by ?is visible sign  
,god made proclamation to mank9d1 ,die  
unto s9 by =sak+ s91 & ,i w give y      
hol9ess :i* issues 9 et]nal life4 ,!    
dea? & resurrection ( my son1 ,jesus    
,*ri/1 are ! tok5 & promise ( my free   
gift1 :i* only asks y\r acceptance4     
,accept x1 by turn+ f s91 & y %all      
receive ! s5se ( companion%ip ) ,*ri/1 &
 ! consci\sness ( a div9e p[] work+ 9 y 
& 9 ! _w4  ,( set laws y h no long] ne$2
 rites & c]emonies 7 b ! type ( !       
reality :i* n[ is freely giv5 to y4     
,y\r sole obligation is to love2 y\r    
fidelity to t %all con/antly m]ge 9 !   
s5se ( joyful fre$om2 ! imp]fect        
atta9m5t ( e>? %all issue into ! et]nal 
felicity ( heav54  ,9 su* language we   
try to re/ate ,paul's philosophy4  ,?us1
 or some:at ?us1 he ?\ght4  ,j h[ he    
?\ght we c nev] be sure1 nor does x     
matt]4  ,! m\ld ( 8 belief 0 s diff]5t f
 ours t all :i* closely conc]ns u is to 
disc]n if we c :at 0 ! k]nel ( g5u9e    
exp]i5ce1 ! p]man5t reality & tru?1 :i* 

vivifi$ ?is _w-s*eme4  ,9 ,paul be=e 8  
conv]sion we see ! man :o /ruggles to   
con=m to a /&>d ( conduct s high1       
exact+1 & m9ute1 t x t\*es e p>ticul> ( 
life1 & :o yet is beset by a con/ant    
s5se ( failure & disappo9tm5t4  ,f ?is  
sl\gh ( despond he is lift$--h[8  ,by ! 
s5se ( a love :i* ext5ds to him f !     
unse5 _w4  ,x takes =m to him z !       
p]sonal love ( "o :o has liv$1 has di$1 
& 9 "s inexpressible way /ill lives4    
,?is fri5d%ip 9 ! unse5 _w is !         
suffici5t1 ! absolute pl$ge ( a ,god :o 
loves & saves4  ,no matt] :at be ! !ory 
ab\t x1 ( inc>nation or atonem5t1 "h is 
! reality z x comes home3 ! man ,jesus1 
highe/1 noble/1 de>e/1 makes himself    
real & pres5t to me1 ?\gh long ago he   
di$ & 0 laid 9 ! grave4  ,?is "o fact   
c>ries answ] en\gh = all ! crav+ ( he>t 
& s\l4  ,t ,i %all at la/ triumph ov]   
all besett+ evils1 t ! rul] ( ! univ]se 
is my fri5d1 t e>? is ! ve/ibule (      
heav51--all ?is ,i c joyfully believe :5
 once ,i h ! s5se ( t s+le human fri5d  

/ill befri5d+ me 9 ! unse5 _w4  ,?is 0  
:at ! ris5 ,*ri/ meant to ! e>ly *ur*4  
,?is 0 ! common belief t b\nd its two   
p>ties1 ! ,jewi% & ! ,paul9e ,*ri/ians1 
at la/ into "o4  ,?is 0 :at gave ! full 
mean+ to all ! /ories ( ,jesus told ov] 
& ov] & at la/ writt5 d[n4  ,?is 0 :at  
fir$ ! common he>t ( mank9d z n ! wisdom
 ( ,plato nor ! nobility ( ,epictetus _h
 t\*$ x4  ,paul's exp]i5ce is ! m       
rem>kable because he _h nev] ev5 se5    
,jesus 9 ! fle%4  ,he _h borne 9 a s5se 
a p]sonal relation to him1 9 ! fact t he
 _h hat$ & p]secut$ 8 foll[]s4  ,!      
conviction t he _h be5 9 ! wrong came to
 him ) a trem5d\s revulsion ( feel+4  ,!
 poignancy ( remorse 0 foll[$ by an     
exquisite s5se ( =giv5ess1 :i* %$ its   
dep? & t5d]ness on 8 :ole aft]-life4  ,9
 him we fir/ see ! p[] ( ! p]sonality ( 
,jesus to t\* ^? :o nev] _h se5 him4    
,at su* po9ts we feel h[ %all[ is !     
plummet-l9e ) :i* our s-call$ psy*ology 
measures ! s\l x deals )4  ,! influ5ce1 
! pres5ce1 ! liv+ love1 ( "o :o has     

di$1--h[ p>adoxical1 h[ un9telligible1  
to our human sci5ce2 h[ significant to  
our human exp]i5ce6  ,:at conc]ns u     
hi/orically z to ,paul is t he 0 !      
conspicu\s ag5t 9 trans=m+ ?is s5tim5t  
into a moral =ce4  ,! belief t ,jesus 0 
ris5 _h great emotional p[]1 b t emotion
 might easily wa/e itself1 might ev5    
und]m9e ! solid f\ndations ( "*4 ,paul  
held ! belief 9 its lit]al =m1 b x _h = 
him a fur!r significance1 z ! symbol &  
type ( ! s\l's exp]i5ce 9 its e-day     
walk4  ,! dea? we are mo/ conc]n$ ab\t  
is ! ext9ction ( evil act & desire4     
,life--! only life wor? ?9k+ (1 "h or   
h]eaft]--is l(ty1 pure1 & t5d] life4    
,die to s91 live to hol9ess1 & pres5t or
 future is safe ) ,god4  ,paul's !ology 
is 9 "o s5se a passage 9 a long *apt] ( 
pseudo-sci5ce4  ,x is "o ( a s]ies (    
attempts to expla9 ! univ]se f a        
/>t+-po9t ( fable4  ,^! h be5 !         
accompanim5t--sometimes z help1         
sometimes z ob/acle--( a spiritual life 
f> deep] ?an ! /amm]+ language !y f\nd4 

,& x is to be not$ t ,paul himself :5 at
 8 be/ rises above 8 !ology or =gets x4 
,! words ( 8 :i* h lodg$ deepe/ 9 ! _w's
 he>t are ! vital precepts ( conduct1 & 
! utt]ances ( love & hope4  ,9 "o       
mat*less passage1 he celebrates         
*>ity--simple human love--z ! "o        
suffici5t1 supreme1 & et]nal good4  ,"s 
misconceptions 9 8 philosophy became !  
fruitful se$s ( mis*iev\s h>ve/s4  ,"o  
su* se$ 0 ! ambigu\s s5se ( fai?--!     
confus+ ( intellectual cr$5ce ) moral   
fidelity4 ,?is misconception--:i*       
und]lies mu* ( ! ,new ,te/am5t--0 an    
almo/ inevitable incid5t ( a religion   
g5]at$ z ?is 04 ,*ri/ianity bas$ itself1
 9 its own !ory1 on ! bodily            
resurrection ( ,jesus f ! dead4  ,?is 0 
(f]$ z a basis = ! :ole appeal :i* !    
*ur* made to ! _w4  ,?us ,belief--or    
,cr$ulity--usurp$ ! place among !       
virtues :i* ( "r belongs to ,tru?4      
,ano!r misconception lay 9 ! use ( fle%1
 ! anti!sis ( _s1 z ! "n ( ! evil       
pr9ciple4  ,paul inde$ uses ! fle% 9 no 

re/rict$ s5se ( m]ely s5sual s94  ,) him
 x equally includes all o!r =ms ( wrong1
 l malevol5ce & pride & self-seek+4  ,b 
! nom5clature & ! way ( ?\ght :i* x     
reflect$ put a /igma on ! :ole physical 
nature ( man4  ,9 t /igma lay ! g]m (   
asceticism1 ho/ility to m>riage1        
depreciation ( "s vital elem5ts ( man's 
nature4  ,paul's conception ( ! *ur*    
nev] 0 fully realiz$4  ,he expect$ to   
see ! :ole body ( believ]s fill$ ) a    
holy _s1 a div9e-human inspiration1 :i* 
%\ld ( itself guide !m into all tru? &  
duty4  ,outw>d law or doctr9e !re ne$$  
none1 beyond ! acceptance ( ,*ri/ z     
,god's son :o _h liv$ & di$ & ris54     
,accept t1 & ! div9e _s w\ld be giv5 y4 
,no ne$ !n ( circumcision or sacrifice1 
( ,sabba? or fa/1 ( writt5 code or human
 rul]4  ,! sa9t is free f all law b t ( 
love2 ! company ( sa9ts ne$s no control 
or guidance b t4  ,! beautiful ideal    
%att]$ itself aga9/ a /ubborn fact4     
,love ( ,*ri/ did n guide 8 foll[]s into
 all tru?1 or into h>mony ) ea* o!r4    

,paul's life 0 half sp5t 9 a bitt]      
conte/ ) m5 :o lov$ ,*ri/ z well z he   
did4  ,8 epi/les are full ( ! /ruggle ) 
t great p>ty ( ,*ri/'s foll[]s :o call$ 
him a h]etic & s\ght to w9 away 8       
conv]ts4  ,suppose any "o _h ask$ him3  
,y say ! _s ( ,*ri/ w guide 8 foll[]s   
into all tru?1--:y does x n guide ^!    
,*ri/ian ,jews & y into s mu* ( tru? z w
 make y fri5ds in/ead ( foes8  ,paul 0  
hop+ too mu*4  ,! new impulse 9 !       
_w--sublime1 beautiful1 full ( p[] &    
promise--0 by no means suffici5t to lead
 ! _w /raight & sure to h>moni\s        
p]fection4  ,!re 0 no su* gift ( ! _s z 
to sup]s$e all se>*1 all /ruggle1 all   
human lead]%ip & human grop+4  ,t hope 0
 almo/ z exagg]at$ z ! expectation--)   
:i* 9 ,paul's m9d x m+l$--( ,*ri/'s     
bodily return4  ,! road to be travel$ by
 mank9d 0 /ill long & ardu\s4   ,any    
complete hi/ory ( ! e>ly *ur* mu/ deal  
l>gely ) ! /ubborn & bitt] conte/ betwe5
 ! ,jewi% & ,paul9e p>ties1--! *ampions 
( ! law & ! *ampions ( lib]ty4  ,t      

conte/ gave its /amp to ! epi/les (     
,paul1 & 0 inde$ _! mo/ frequ5t         
occasion4  ,at a lat] "t ! attempt to   
h>monize ! two p>ties seems to h giv5   
bir? to ! book ( ,acts1 9 :i* hi/ory    
mixes ) fiction4  ,b we are "h conc]n$  
only ) su* features ( ! hi/ory z made ! 
mo/ vital & p]man5t contributions to    
religion1 & = ?is purpose we ne$ only   
specify ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians4  ,?is
 epi/le op5s ! he>t ( ! e>ly *ur*4  ,x  
assumes to be writt5 by ,paul1 b !re are
 "s indications t ?is "n 0 borr[$ by !  
real au?or4  ,?is assumption ( a great  
"n1 s common 9 ?is age1 z 9 ! books (   
,daniel1 ,wisdom ( ,solomon1 ,eno*1 &   
o!rs1 m>ks a timidity1 a def]5ce to     
au?ority ( ! pa/4  ,only ! greate/1 l   
,jesus & ,paul1 d>$ to speak 9 _! own   
"n4  ,prim>ily ! epi/le is a plea =     
unity betwe5 ,jewi% & ,g5tile           
,*ri/ians1--broad5+ into an appeal =    
unity betwe5 all classes & individuals1 
an appeal = purity & hol9ess1 9 ! "n (  
,*ri/ ! head4  ,occasional s5t5ces &    

phrases w suffici5tly %[ its t5or & _s4 
,t ,*ri/ may dwell 9 y\r he>ts by fai?1 
t ye1 be+ root$ & gr\nd$ 9 love1 may be 
able to compreh5d ) all sa9ts :at is !  
bread? & l5g? & dep? & height1 & to "k !
 love ( ,*ri/1 :i* passe? k1 t ye might 
be fill$ ) all ! fullness ( ,god4  ,!re 
is "o body & "o _s1 ev5 z ye are call$ 9
 "o hope ( y\r call+2 "o ,"l1 "o fai?1  
"o baptism1 "o ,god & ,fa!r ( all :o is 
above all & ?r\gh all & 9 y all4        
,endeavor+ to keep ! unity ( ! _s 9 !   
bond ( peace4  ,ea* has 8 appo9t$ place1
 "s z apo/les1 "s z prophets1 "s =      
humbl] s]vice1--= ! build+ up ( ! body (
 ,*ri/1 till we all come into ! unity ( 
! fai? & ( ! k ( ! ,son ( ,god unto a   
p]fect man1 unto ! measure ( ! /ature ( 
! fullness ( ,*ri/4  ,putt+ away ly+1   
speak e man tru? ) 8 neighbor1 = we are 
memb]s "o ( ano!r4  ,let him t /ole /eal
 no m1 b r let him labor1 work+ ) 8 h&s 
! ?+ :i* is good1 t he may h to give to 
him t ne$e?4  ,! note ( purity is f>    
high] ?an 9 ,/oic or ,platoni/4         

,uncleanness is spurn$ ) ! horror :i*   
pure love & hol9ess inspire4            
,=nication1 & all uncleanness or        
covet\sness1 let x n be once nam$ among 
y1 z become? sa9ts4  ,nei!r fil?9ess1   
nor fooli% talk+1 nor je/+1 :i* are n   
becom+1 b r giv+ ( ?anks4  ,= ?is ye "k1
 t no :oremong] nor unclean p]son nor   
covet\s man1 :o is an idolat]1 ha? any  
inh]itance 9 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ & ( ,god4  
,let no man deceive y ) va9 words1 =    
because ( ^! ?+s come? ! wra? ( ,god ^u 
! *ildr5 ( disob$i5ce4  ,be n drunk )   
w9e1 :]e9 is excess1 b be fill$ ) ! _s4 
,!re is a t5d] exhortation to husb& &   
wife1 bas$ on ! lik5ess ( _! union to   
,*ri/ & 8 *ur*4  ,!re is a special ^w to
 *ildr51 s]vants1 ma/]s4  ,! sweetness  
is mat*$ by ! /r5g?4 ,f9ally1 my bre?r51
 be /rong 9 ! ,"l1 & 9 ! p[] ( 8 might4 
,! epi/le is full ( ! _s ( a pres5t     
heav54  ,!re is sc>cely any ?\ght ( !   
future1 no ref]5ce to ! second com+1 no 
dwell+ on ! h]eaft]4  ,x is             
all-suffici5t1 all-unit+ love1--,*ri/1 a

 spiritual pres5ce1 z ! head--,god !    
,fa!r ( all4  ,! love ( ,*ri/ is a pure 
spiritual passion4  ,!re is no !oriz+   
ab\t him1 n ev5 mu* p]sonal             
di/9ctness1--only ! consci\sness z ( "s 
cele/ial p]sonality4  ,! se5 & unse5    
worlds seem to bl5d 9 a common          
atmosph]e4  ,ev5 z an ideal1 ?is        
transc5ds ! philosophy ( ,epictetus1 &  
out%9es ! vision ( ,plato4  ,z "o ( !   
*>t] docum5ts ( a society :i* _h come   
into an actual exi/5ce1--z ! aim t[>d   
:i* ?\s&s ( m5 & wom5 7 /ruggl+1 h[ev]  
imp]fectly1--x m>ks ! com+ ( a new life 
into ! _w4   ,! ,paul9e idea ( ,*ri/ is 
%[n z x work$ itself out 9 ! bra9 & he>t
 ( ,paul himself4  ,9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel we
 h1 n ! exp]i5ce ( an individual1 b an  
idealiz$ portrait ( ! ,ma/]4  ,! g]m may
 h la9 9 "s g5u9e tradition ( 8 words1 z
 !y 7 caught & treasur$ by "s disciple m
 susceptible ?an ! re/ to ! my/ical &   
contemplative elem5t 9 ,jesus4  ,^!     
words1 h&$ d[n ?r\gh cong5ial spirits1 &
 deeply brood$2 ^! ideas caught by m9ds 

s*ool$ 9 ! bl5d+ ( ,hebraic ) ,platonic 
?\ght1--m9ds accu/om$ to rely on !      
contemplative imag9ation z ! disclos] ( 
absolute tru?2 ! wan+ ( ! hope (        
,messiah's return 9 ! cl\ds2 ! gr[? 9   
its place ( a p]sonal & int]ior         
communion ) ! div9e beauty & glory z    
imag$ 9 ,jesus2 a temp] almo/ indiff]5t 
to outw>d ev5t1 too full ( pres5t       
emotion to /ra9 anxi\sly t[>d a future1 
yet confid5t ( a transc5d5t future 9 due
 season2 an assumption t 9 ?is belief   
lay ! sole good & hope ( humanity1 & t !
 rejection ( ?is 0 an impulse ( ! evil  
pr9ciple w>r+ aga9/ ,god2 !             
cry/allization ( ^! memories1 hopes1 &  
beliefs into a dramatic portraiture (   
acts & words appropriate to ,*ri/ z s   
conceiv$2 a temp] 9 :i* a portraiture s 
inspir$ 0 id5tifi$ ) actual & absolute  
tru?--"s su* g5esis we may suppose = !  
,gospel :i* be>s ! "n ( ,john4  ,! writ]
 %[s no su* close contact ) ! actual    
/ruggle ( life z vivifies ! o!r         
biographies ( ,jesus & ! impassion$     

plead+s ( ,paul4  ,he is a pure & l(ty  
s\l1 b he writes z if 9 seclusion f !   
_w4  ,8 favorite words are ab/ract &    
g5]al4  ,! p>able & precept ( ! e>ly    
gospels give place to polemic &         
metaphysic disquisition4  ,! ,*ri/ian   
communities = :i* he writes h left beh9d
 !m ! %>p antagonisms ( ! fir/ g5]ation1
 & h drawn toge!r into a h>moni\s       
society1 /rong 9 _! mutual affection1 _!
 inspir+ fai?1 & _! rule ( life1 & fac+ 
toge!r ! cruelty ( ! p]secutor & ! scorn
 ( ! philosoph]4 ,to ?is writ]1 all :o  
are outside ( ! ,*ri/ian fold & !       
,*ri/ian belief seem leagu$ toge!r by ! 
p[] ( evil4  ,! secret ( _! p]v]sity & !
 seal ( _! doom is unbelief4  ,let !m   
accept ! ,*ri/ he portrays1 & good %all 
supplant evil 9 _! he>ts4  ,! gr\nd ( ! 
acceptance is to be simply ! self-evid5t
 beauty & !re=e ! self-evid5t tru? ( !  
,*ri/ "h set =?4  ,& s we h a portrayal 
( ,*ri/ :i* at _m po9ts pr(\ndly appeals
 to ! he>t1 yet :i* con/antly dissipates
 into a metaphysical my?ology2 toge!r ) 

! admonition t only a full belief c save
 ! s\l & ! _w f ru94  ,! e?ical &       
emotional elem5ts ( ! new religion h    
?or\ghly fus$ ) ! elem5ts ( dogma &     
exclusiv5ess4  ,a k9d ( self-exaltation 
is by ?is writ] imput$ to ,jesus1 :i* is
 z mu* less attractive ?an 8 attitude 9 
! ,synoptics z x is less g5u9e4  ,all t 
ev] came be=e me are ?ieves &           
robb]s--?is is ! ^w ( an idolatr\s      
wor%ip]2 f> diff]5t f him ^: only s5se (
 sup]iority 0 express$ 9 a long+ to     
imp>t 8 own treasure3 ,come unto me all 
ye t labor & are heavy lad51 & ,i w give
 y re/4  ,b ! writ] rises to a l(ty     
plane :]e he conceives ! p>t+ words (   
,jesus to 8 fri5ds4  ,"h he is on !     
gr\nd ( :at we "k did 9 "s wise really  
happ5--a la/ int]view betwe5 ! ,ma/] & 8
 disciples1 :5 cl\ds ( defeat & dea?    
l[]$ close be=e him1 & 8 words deep5$ 9 
_! he>ts ! devotion :i* animat$ all _!  
aft]-lives4  ,t p>t+ sc5e1 pres]v$      
else:]e 9 del9eations brief &           
impressive1 0 n[ exp&$ by ! brood+1     

creative ?\ght ( "s "o 9 close/ sympa?y 
) ! occasion & ) ! vital impulse x _h   
giv54  ,lit]al & hi/orical fidelity !   
description may lack1 b x is 9 close    
accord ) ! realities ( exp]i5ce4  ,!    
t5d] assurances1 ! prophecies beyond    
hope1 :i* ! ,ma/] is "h suppos$ to      
speak1 _h inde$ be5 fulfill$4  ,! loss (
 8 e>?ly pres5ce _h be5 m ?an made good 
to ^? 9 ^: lives he _h be5 felt z a sav+
 p[]4  ,! ,com=t] _h truly come4  ,!    
mutual love ( ! disciples1 & _! loyalty 
to ! ,ma/] z !y und]/ood him1 _h plant$ 
a new social =ce 9 ! _w1 & 0 work+ sl[ly
 to trans=m ! _w4  ,?\ghts :i* _h be5 ! 
possession ( philosoph]s 9 ! s*ools 7   
become work+ =ces 9 ! lives ( common m5 
& wom5 & *ildr54  ,t deliv]ance f ! fe> 
( dea? :i* ?9k]s _h va9ly s\ght _h be5  
won ev5 by ! poor & l[ly4  ,all ?is & m 
0 set =? z 9 a psalm or prophecy1 9 !   
p>t+ words ascrib$ to ,*ri/4  ,peace ,i 
leave ) y1 my peace ,i give unto y1 n z 
! _w give? give ,i unto y4  ,ye %all see
 me aga91 & y\r he>ts %all rejoice1 &   

y\r joy no man take? f y4   ,! pr$om9ant
 notes ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are t5d]ness & 
ardor1 b inwr\ght ) ^! is a ve9 ( t]ror 
& sometimes ( fi]ce wra?4 ,x is l !     
d5unciation 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 to :i* ! 
vision ( a future _w has add$ a m lurid 
hue4  ,asia's rancor has n disappe>$1   
ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( ,be?lehem's he>t4     
,among ! words attribut$ to ,jesus are !
 ?reat ( t p]dition :]e ! worm die? n & 
! fire is n qu5*$4  ,to him is ascrib$  
7:e!r truly or n7 ! /ory ( ,dives 9     
hell1 & fa!r ,abraham 9 ^: bosom ,laz>us
 is repos+ d5ies ev5 8 pray] = a drop ( 
wat] to cool 8 tongue4  ,"h is ! g]m (  
all ! horrors ( ! m$iaeval imag9ation4  
,! g]ms bore an e>ly fruitage 9 t book  
:i* be>s ! "n ( ,revelation4  ,x mirrors
 ! passions :i* spr+ up amid ! heats (  
faction & ( p]secution4  ,fell hatr$    
fills its pages = ! p]secutor & = !     
h]etic4  ,! few gleams ( ,p>adise = !   
sav$ are pale 9 comp>ison ) ! gha/ly    
t]rors4  ,x is ! fir/ full outbreak ( t 
disease ( ! imag9ation1 br$ ( disease ( 

! he>t1 :i* 0 to be ! curse (           
,*ri/ianity4   ,we h dwelt ^u ! c5tral  
facts & ideas 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity took its
 rise4  ,we %all pass ) a few brief     
glances ov] a tract ( _m c5turies4  ,our
 special conc]n 9 ?is "w is ) !         
bir?-p]iods ( ! vital & la/+ pr9ciples (
 man's high] life4  ,"o su* phase 0 !   
,greek-,roman philosophy ( :i* ! be/    
outcome 0 ,/oicism4 ,ano!r critical era 
0 ! bir? ( ,*ri/ianity f its imm$iate   
l9eage ( ,judaism4  ,! next great epo*  
is ! m>riage ( rational k ) ! spiritual 
life--:i* is ! /ory ( ^! la/ c5turies1 9
 mid-action ( :i* we are /&+4  ,view+   
man's high] life ^u its intellectual    
side1 ! common *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod     
betwe5 ! "t ( ! ,apo/les & our imm$iate 
=efa!rs is ! preval5ce ( :at may be     
call$ ! ,*ri/ian my?ology4  ,9 o!r      
words1 ! moral rules & spiritual ideals 
7 almo/ inextricably b\nd up ) & bas$ ^u
 ! conception ( a sup]natural _w1       
c]ta9ly & def9itely kn[n1 & disclos$ to 
mank9d ?r\gh a s]ies ( revelations :i*  

c5tr$ 9 ! inc>nation ( ,god 9 ! man     
,jesus ,*ri/4  ,^u ?is basis 0 re>$ a   
va/ intellectual & imag9ative           
/ructure--embodi$ 9 _m cre$s1 pictur$ 9 
visions ( ,dante & ,milton & ,bunyan1   
en=c$ by multitud9\s appeals to emotion 
& reason1 to love1 hope1 & t]ror4  ,x is
 ! dissolv+ ( ?is elaborate             
sup]naturalism1 & ! gr[? ( a diff]5t    
conception ( ! spiritual life1 :i* is n[
 go+ on be=e our eyes4  ,to measure !   
ess5tial significance ( ! *ange1 we ne$ 
n l+] long ^u ! successive /eps by :i* !
 my?ology exp&$ & solidifi$ itself4  ,we
 h se5 its g]ms 9 ! /ory ( ,judaism1 (  
,jesus & 8 imm$iate successors4  ,!     
me?od & nature ( its gr[? may be briefly
 indicat$4  ,we are foll[+ only a s+le  
?read 9 ! va/ web ( hi/ory4  ,all !     
?reads "w 9 toge!r1 b we mu/ be well    
cont5t if we c trace ! g5]al l9e ( "o or
 two4  ,x is ! hi/ory ( ! moral ideas   
:i* h mo/ directly & closely influ5c$ ! 
life ( m51 t we are try+ to pursue4     
,!re 0 a wond]ful embodim5t & out%9+ (  

su* ideas 9 ! life & tea*+ ( ,jesus (   
,naz>e?4  ,! tru? he taught & liv$ 0 9  
"s ways made m applicable &             
transmissible by 8 foll[]s1 & 9 "s ways 
l[]$4  ,!re grew up ! society ( !       
,*ri/ian *ur*4  ,gradually x took its   
place among ! important =ces ( ! ,roman 
empire4  ,x won at la/ ! nom9al         
allegiance ( ! civiliz$ _w4  ,aid+ or   
?w>t+ x1 color+ & *ang+ x1 7 a ?\s&     
influ5ces1--side-curr5ts f o!r religions
 & philosophies1 social *anges1 ,roman  
law & tradition1 ! new life ( !         
b>b>ians2 old +ra9$ habits ( blood &    
bra92 ! con/ant pu% ( primal            
in/9cts--hung] & sex2 tides ( w> & trade
 & indu/ry2 slav]y & s]fdom2 /rong human
 p]sonalities1 sway+ a little ! tide t  
bore !m2 all ! myriad =ces t are always 
at "w 9 hi/ory4  ,"o c sc>cely pass by a
 leap ( ?\ght f ! age ( ,paul to ! age (
 ,dante )\t an in/ant's glance at !     
int]v5+ tract4  ,!re are ! e>ly ,*ri/ian
 communities1 b\nd toge!r by t5d] ties (
 bro!rhood2 /orms ( p]secution fann+    

high ! flame ( c\rage & fai?2 a new     
purity & sweetness ( dome/ic life       
spread+ itself l ! com+ ( ! dawn4  ,!re 
are wild vag>ies ( ! m9d1 tak+ %ape 9   
fanta/ic h]esies4  ,!re is ! deg5]acy ( 
a fai? held 9 pur5ess & p]il into a     
popul> & fa%ionable religion4  ,!re are 
en?ron$ mon/]s l ,n]o & ,commodus2      
,*ri/ian emp]ors1 l ,con/ant9e1         
ambiti\s1 crafty1 & blood-guilty2 &     
noble hea!n emp]ors l ,trajan &         
,aurelius4  ,!re is ! peace ( ! ,empire 
9 its be/ days1 ) "s wide diffusion (   
prosp]ity & cont5t4  ,!re are incursions
 ( b>b>ians--! /range1 little-kn[n life 
( nomadic tribes--) pri/9e virtues (    
valor & *a/ity1 half-pictur$1           
half-imag9$1 by ,tacitus4  ,!re is      
conque/1 rap9e1 subjugation1 suff]+4    
,!re are ages 9 :i* viol5ce is ma/]1 & 9
 ! disord]$ /ruggle ( ! viol5t among    
!mselves ! weak are trampl$ "u foot4    
,!re are sc5es ( humble happ9ess &      
cont5t1 ! toil] 9 ! fields1 ! family    
ab\t ! he>?-/one1 :i* sc>cely are se5 by

 ! *ronicl] busy ) k+s & popes4  ,!re   
are sup]/itions & mumm]ies2 wild fe>s ( 
spectres & devils2 s5tim5tal piety h&$ )
 cruelty & debau*]y4  ,!re are inw>d    
/ruggles1 sorr[s1 a*ievem5ts2 raptur\s  
glimpses1 t5d] consolations2 ! m9i/ry ( 
fai?ful prie/s2 ! com=t+ ( wom5 & !     
purify+ ( m5 by ! ?\ght ( ! ,virg9 ,"m &
 ! sa9ts4  ,!re are civiliz]s 9 /ate &  
*ur*1--,alfr$1 ,*>lemagne1 ,hildebr&4   
,!re is ! em]g5ce ( a social &          
ecclesia/ical ord]2 ! rank+ ( k+s1      
b>ons1 & vassals2 ( prie/s1 bi%ops1 &   
popes2 ! e/abli%m5t ( laws & *>t]s2 !   
gr[? ( liturgies & ca!drals4  ,! contra/
 is great betwe5 ! simplicity ( a high  
moral ideal1 l t ( ,jesus or ,paul1 :i* 
claims1 & ) su* %[ ( reason & "r1 ! :ole
 allegiance ( man1 & ! va/ complexity ( 
good & evil 9 :i* ! ideal works only z  
"o obscure & p>tial elem5t4 ,h[ simple1 
h[ cle>1 h[ sweetly invit+ s\nds !      
call1--h[ /range & discordant !         
response6  ,t inconsi/5cy 0 expla9$ by !
 *ur* fa!rs1 l ,augu/9e1 z due to !     

inh]5t badness ( human nature4  ,t      
univ]sal badness fl[$ f "o s9 ( ! common
 ance/or4  ,t s9 0 induc$ by !          
ma*9ations ( ,satan1 ar*-enemy ( ,god1 &
 practically divid+ ! rule ( ! univ]se )
 him4  ,a logical & symmetrical         
explanation 9 its day1 b x no long]     
expla9s4  ,nei!r does x expla91 b x may 
pr(it1 if ! wond]+ inquir] turns 8      
?\ghts = a mom5t on 8 p]sonal hi/ory4   
,he has _h 8 h\rs ( cle> vision & high  
resolve1--:y h !y borne su* poor fruit 9
 8 actual life8  ,8 own riddle is "o ) !
 riddle ( hi/ory4  ,aga9 we may say1 )  
no pret5se ( prob+ ! my/]y 9 its dep?s1 
b z ga9+ a t\* ( side-light1 x is pla9 t
 :at we look at z ! /rictly moral =ces (
 mank9d--! cle> ?9k+1 ! def9ite purpose1
 ! pure aspiration--mu/ be reckon$ ) z  
only a "p ( ! volume ( =ce t c>ries     
along ! individual & ! race4  ,o!r      
elem5ts ( t =ce are ! physical ne$s2 !  
pu% & play ( passions +ra9$ 9 human     
nature2 ! inh]it$ bias2 ! /r5g? ( habits
 =m$ be=e *ildhood _h begun to          

reflect1--! ?\s& =ces :i* bl5d ) reason 
& *oice to make up our de/9y4  ,man's   
noble/ aim is to make reason & purpose !
 rul]s 9 8 little republic1 b at ! be/  
^? rul]s mu/ deal ) a set ( v vigor\s & 
(t5 mut9\s subjects4  ,let u n at lea/  
wond]1 ?\gh = ! mom5t we sigh1 t nei!r  
did ! k+dom ( ,god at once e/abli%      
itself on e>?1 z ,jesus hop$1 nor did ! 
,_s guide mank9d by a brief & sure pa?  
into full felicity & hol9ess1 z ,paul   
hop$4  ,! disappo9tm5t is a blank       
contradiction only = ^? :o assume a     
sup]human revelation 9 ,scripture or 9  
*ur*1 & !n h to reconcile ?is           
infallibility ) t mo/ fallible grop+ by 
:i* alone mank9d gets along4            
,unemb>rass$ at lea/ by t difficulty1   
let u note "o natural cause ( ! imp]fect
 progress ( ,*ri/ianity1 namely1 !      
sub/itution ( fancy = cle> & s\nd k (   
nature & man1 :i* 0 inwr\ght f ! beg9n+ 
9 its cre$4  ,we may recall ! pi]c+ "q (
 ,socrates1 ,c virtue be taught8 ,c !   
be/ life be s cle>ly %[n & s skillfully 

inculcat$1 t x may be transmitt$ f man  
to man & f g5]ation to g5]ation z surely
 & safely z ! k ( a me*anical art or a  
physical sci5ce8  ,socrates own$ t he   
knew ( no su* way to tea* virtue1--t    
:ile ,p]icles c\ld tea* 8 son to be a   
good horseman1 he c\ld n s guide him b t
 he became a bad man1--& ,socrates      
himself f\nd no sure way to guide m5    
into ! h]oic pa? he walk$ himself4  ,n[ 
,*ri/ianity (f]$ a sort ( k z ! prop]   
tra9+ to produce virtue4  ,its k includ$
 c]ta9 g5u9e & preci\s elem5ts1 su* z ! 
ess5tial bless$ness ( purity & love2 !  
tru/ & peace :i* fl[ f duty done2 ! hope
 :i* spr+s f ! grave ( a holy           
man2--ideas n new 9 sub/ance1 b         
wond]fully vivifi$ & vitaliz$4  ,b along
 ) ?is g5u9e k1 ,*ri/ianity bl5d$ 9     
ev]-gr[+ volume a pseudo-k4  ,x _h a    
pr(ess$ explanation ( ! nature ( ,deity1
 ! nature ( humanity1 & _! mutual       
relation1 :i* 0 s unreal t :5 appli$ to 
! conduct ( human life its fruit 0 (t5 z
 a%es & ! ea/ w9d4  ,to sum up ! me?od  

by :i* ,*ri/ianity wr\ght3 its vital    
ideas ( "* 7 infold$ 9 a triple cru/ (  
,au?ority1 ,c]emony1 ,dogma4 ,its ideas 
c\ld sc>cely h be5 propagat$ except "u  
"s su* incru/ation4  ,pure gold mu/ be  
mix$ ) alloy be=e x c be work$4  ,! new 
society w\ld h quickly dissolv$ into    
*aos if x _h n _h e/abli%$ laws & usages
 & discipl9e & rul]s4  ,! crav+ ( !     
av]age man = def9ite symbols fa/5$      
eag]ly on ! cleans+ wat] ( baptism & !  
bread & w9e ( ! love-fea/4  ,! ?\ghtful 
m9d mu/ ne$s seek to assign to ! ,ma/] 8
 true place & relation z betwe5 ,god &  
man4  ,"h 7 ! g]ms ( hi]>*y1 c]emonial1 
& dogma4  ,int]nal ord]1 self-protection
 aga9/ p]secut+ emp]ors & !n aga9/      
b>b>ian invad]s1 l$ to a gradual /r5g!n+
 & p]fect+ ( ! organization4  ,! crav+ =
 intellectual consi/5cy & symmetry urg$ 
on ! elaboration ( ! cre$4  ,t          
developm5t ( ! ,*ri/ian cre$1--9 "o     
view1 h[ natural & inevitable a process2
 yet :at enorm\s wa/e ( intellect1 :at  
div]sion f s\nd inquiry6  ,! orig9al    

hypo!sis be+ pure fancy1 all ! +5i\s    
d$uctions are m]e excursions into       
cl\dl&4  ,we ne$ n foll[ 9 any detail ^!
 speculations4  ,a c]ta9 purity &       
l(t9ess m>ks _! e>ly /ages1 9 :i* !     
,greek !ologians 7 occupi$ 9 bl5d+ a    
sort ( ,platonic !ory ( deity ) !       
hi/oric fact ( a noble human p]sonality4
  ,) ! em]g5ce ( ! *ur* f p]secution to 
p[]1 we see t ! intellectual deg5]acy   
has set 9 along ) ! moral4  ,! fir/     
great c\ncil1 t ( ,nicaea1 occupi$      
itself 9 settl+ by a majority ( votes   
:e!r ,*ri/ 0 ( l sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r or (
 ! same sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r4  ,! ass]tion
 ( 8 full equality 0 9 due "t foll[$ by 
a simil> def9ition ( ! p]sonality &     
equality ( ! ,holy ,_s1 ) ! full doctr9e
 ( ! ,tr9ity2 ! d\ble nature ( ,*ri/2 ! 
rank ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4  ,! au?oritative  
int]pretation ( human nature _h its     
s\rce 9 ! p]sonal exp]i5ce & lat] !oriz+
 ( ,augu/9e4  ,himself em]g5t aft] long 
/ruggles f ! tyranny ( evil desire1 by a
 transc5d5t exp]i5ce 9 :i* he saw ! h& (

 ,god1--he 9 effect g5]aliz$ f ?is to ! 
inh]5t & utt] depravity ( all mank9d1 & 
its entire dep5d5ce on a div9e grace :i*
 might ) equal ju/ice be giv5 or )held4 
,! lurid hell :i* _h always %>$ ) a     
radiant heav5 ! imag9ation ( ! *ur* took
 f ,augu/9e a grimm] horror3 9 ! fe>ful 
?\ght ( m51 its f\ndations 7 n[ deep    
sunk 9 et]nal ju/ice1 man be+ himself f 
bir? a wret* s abom9able t hell 0 8     
natural de/9y1 save z m]cy might by     
inscrutable selection deliv] "s portion 
( mank9d4  ,lat] ages br\ght _! own     
problems4  ,:at 0 ! nature ( !          
atonem5t1--a compact betwe5 ,god & !    
,devil1 by :i* ,*ri/ 0 made a ransom =  
man1 ! ,devil be+ unexpect$ly *eat$ ( 8 
pay8  ,or 0 ,*ri/'s dea? simply !       
transf] ( a debt on ! books ( div9e     
ju/ice8  ,! sacram5ts1 aga91 :at 0 _!   
precise nature8  ,& s ! s*eme 0 work$   
out 9 all its details4  ,! triune ,god1 
,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,_s2 a hi]>*y ( angels2 !
 creation ( man1 8 s$uction by a revolt$
 & fall5 angel1 & ! exposure ( 8 entire 

po/]ity to ! j retribution ( ev]la/+    
mis]y2 an arrangem5t betwe5 ! p]sons ( !
 ,tr9ity by :i* ! inc>nation & dea? ( ! 
,son became a ransom = mank9d2 !        
e/abli%m5t by ,*ri/ ( a visible *ur*1   
div9ely guid$ to reveal to m5 ! tru?1 & 
imp>t to !m ! div9e grace2 ! (f] (      
salvation ^u condition ( fai?1          
rep5tance1 & ob$i5ce2 sacram5ts :i* 7   
*annels ( div9e grace2 an endless heav5 
( bliss = ! submissive & ob$i5t1 an     
endless hell ( torm5t = ! neglig5t or   
rebelli\s1--?is 0 ! univ]se z x exi/$ to
 ! belief & imag9ation ( ! ,*ri/ian _w =
 _m c5turies4  ,?us ,*ri/ianity1 in/ead 
( foll[+ a true inquiry into ! facts ( !
 moral life1--9 place ( cultivat+ t s\nd
 k ( man 9 :i* ,socrates l$ ! way1 or t 
k ( ! natural _w 9 :i* ,ari/otle & !    
,greek physici/s _h wr\ght1--in/ead (   
su* /udy1 ! *ur* bas$ its ideals1 its   
appeals1 its helps1 on a purely fanciful
 int]pretation ( ! univ]se4  ,its ref9$ 
& +5i\s speculations 7 wa/$ ^u a        
fantasy4  ,?is want ( s\nd k has = u "h 

a tw(old significance4  ,x po9ts to "o  
cause ( ! imp]fect success ( ! ideals ( 
,jesus & ( ,paul4  ,& by its defect x   
po9ts u =w>d to a fulfillm5t1 :5 at a   
lat] age ,virtue & ,k %\ld be w$4   ,b  
we ne$ to di/+ui% & to rev]5ce ! deep   
utt]ances ( ! human he>t :i* spoke )    
/amm]+ tongue 9 ^! crude symbols4  ,!   
,ca?olic *ur* 0 a second ,roman empire 9
 its ext5t & p[]1 & ) an inspiration    
l(ti] ?an t ( ! empire4  ,=1 judg$ by   
:at 0 mo/ ess5tial to x1 ! ,ca?olic     
*ur*--human to ! core1 human 9 its      
errors & s9s1 human 9 its upw>d         
/riv+--01 at its be/1 a society =       
discipl9+ m5 9 ! high] life4  ,& t cre$ 
:i* s\nds s /range to our e>s1 we may   
be/ translate ?us3 ,et]nity bids y to   
goodness4  ,h[ev] mu* !re 0 ( error1 (  
misappli$ =ce1 ( moral injury1 !re 0 a  
va/1 multi=m1 mighty culture ( m5 9     
*a/ity1 9 *>ity1 9 ! victories & ! joys 
( ! _s4  ,! *ur* set ! ,virg9 ,"m z a   
heav5ly consol]1 & %[$ z ! div9e/ ?+ a  
man :o di$ = love ( m54  ,be=e !        

imag9ation ( ! oppressor1 ! robb]1 !    
lic5ti\s1 x set a flam+ sword (         
retribution4  ,to ! poor1 ! sorr[ful1 ! 
brok5-he>t$1 x (f]$ ! bless$ assurance1 
,?is _w & ! next are ,god's4  ,x op5$ to
 !m a communion 9 ?\ght & feel+ ) holy &
 bless$ s\ls 9 ! invisible realm4  ,life
 0 h>d & tr\bl\s2 prie/s & bi%ops       
sometimes made ! tr\ble worse2 b !re 0 !
 s5se ( a heav5ly rule ov] all1 !       
/ruggle t[>d a heav5ly atta9m5t4  ,!    
:ole moral appeal ( ! *ur* re/$ on !    
sup]t]re/rial _w :i* x ass]t$ & pictur$4
  ,x 0 a _w ^: exi/5ce 0 v\*$ solely by 
an inw>d ass5t ( ! m9d4  ,= outw>d      
gov]nm5t1 !re 7 bi%ops & popes1 k+s &   
magi/rates4  ,b all moral au?ority1 all 
incitem5t to hol9ess1 all spiritual joy 
& hope1 re/$ on ?is unse5 _w z accept$  
by ! m9d4  ,disbelieve1 & all 0 lo/6  ,&
 s1 ( necessity1 belief 0 ! fundam5tal1 
! ess5tial ?+4  ,obey ! *ur*1 believe ! 
cre$1--t 0 ! supreme d\ble requirem5t4  
,t imag9ations :5 believ$ z ^! 7 believ$
 ex]cis$ a mighty p[] is beyond "q4  ,t 

! p[] 0 9 a degree = good is also cle>4 
,b ! va/ dislocation betwe5 ! suppos$ & 
! real worlds involv$ enorm\s failure & 
wa/e4  ,on ! "o h&1 ! :ole trem5d\s     
imag]y ( ! sup]nal _w simply slipp$ (f  
altoge!r f a great proportion ( ! m5 &  
wom5 ^: "t & ?\ght 7 absorb$ 9 ! toils &
 sorr[s & pleasures ( ! _w ab\t !m4  ,to
 make a future heav5 & hell take any    
hold ( !m at all1 ! *ur* _h to translate
 its my/]ies & sublimities into a v     
mat]ial & crude c]emonial4  ,x br\ght 9 
p5alties ( a sub/antial sort1--p5ance & 
excommunication1 ! rack & ! /ake4  ,x   
con/antly appeal$ to fe>4  ,& aft] all1 
!re rema9$ always an enorm\s am\nt (    
/olid & mo/ly sil5t indiff]5ce &        
unbelief4  ,! prie/ said ^! ?+s 7 s1--! 
prie/s all said s1--& ! prie/ 0 back$ by
 ! bi%op1 & ! bi%op by ! ,pope4  ,well1 
p]haps !y knew--& p]haps !y did n't4 ,! 
*ance t !y 7 "r made x wor? :ile to g to
 *ur* on ,sunday1 & to confession       
sometimes2 to h "o's *ildr5 baptiz$2 to 
avoid giv+ (f5se to ! cl]gy2 & to make  

sure ( _! good (fices :5 "o came to die4
  ,b ! belief 9 _! heav5 & hell 0 n     
/rong en\gh to v mu* expel ! gre$1 slo?1
 lu/1 av>ice1 pride to :i* m5 7 prone4  
,t same sil5t practical unbelief has be5
 equally preval5t "u all ! =ms (        
,prote/ant sup]naturalism4  ,"p ( x1 no 
d\bt1 may be ref]r$ to ! difficulty )   
:i* human nature responds to any appeal 
to look mu* beyond ! imm$iate pres5t4   
,b 9 great "p too x spr+s f a suspicion 
( unreality 9 t sup]natural _w :i* !    
prea*] s flu5tly & f]v5tly decl>es4  ,x 
may be said t 9 a m ignorant & cr$ul\s  
age ! mass ( m5 did believe unque/ion+ly
 9 ! tea*+s ( ! *ur*4  ,b :at h>dly     
admits ( debate is ! misconception :i* !
 m$iaeval *ur*'s doctr9e involv$ z to "s
 ( ! c>d9al facts ( life4  ,?is religion
 dealt ) su* prim>y facts ( real life z 
! human body & its laws1 ! passion (    
sex1 productive indu/ry1 ! organization 
( society1--9 %ort1 ) all ! impulses1   
in/9cts1 & p[]s ( man1--?r\gh a cl\d (  
misappreh5sion4  ,! c5tral misconception

 0 ! idea t ?is life is only significant
 z ! ante*amb] to ano!r4  ,h5ce its     
occupations1 responsibilities1 joys1 &  
tr\bles are ( little acc\nt except z !y 
are directly relat$ to ! o!r life4  ,?is
 naturally br$ a false attitude t[>d _m 
( ! subjects :i* bo? actually & ( "r d  
l>gely engage ! att5tion ( m54  ,! body 
0 reg>d$ z n ! s]vant b ! enemy ( ! _s4 
,! highe/ /ate 0 celibacy1 & m>riage 0 a
 concession to human weakness4  ,/udy ( 
nature 0 an unpr(itable pursuit4  ,!    
*>t] ( div9e tru? 0 ! ,bible1 & its     
int]pret] 0 ! *ur*4  ,s9ce ?is _w 0 only
 ! sc5e ( a brief discipl9e1 & 0 itself 
to pass away1 x 0 idle to sp5d mu* /udy 
on x4  ,speculative ?\ght 0 pr(itable   
only s long z x 0 a m]e elucidation ( ! 
dogmas ( ! *ur*4  ,z soon z ^? dogmas 7 
ev5 remotely que/ion$1 ! ?9k]'s s\l 0 9 
p]il4  ,9 repress+ h]etical sugge/ions  
by ! /]ne/ measures1 ! *ur* 0 dis*>g+ a 
pla9 duty4  ,e>?ly pleasure 0 dang]\s1 b
 9 suff]+ lay m$ic9al virtue4 ,"o m>k ( 
! sa9t 0 self-inflict$ pa94  ,! highe/  

symbol ( religion 0 ! cross1 emblem (   
torture & dea?4  ,! belief 9 a hell (   
endless suff]+ 0 ! p>5t ( a mon/r\s &   
gha/ly brood ( imag9ations4  ,h[ f> !   
dread ?us inspir$ act$ z a :olesome     
det]r5t we c only guess4  ,too well we  
"k ! torture x wr\ght 9 s5sitive &      
appreh5sive natures1 ! pangs ( fe> :i*  
mo!rs suff]$1 ! s5se ( a curse ov]hang+ 
a "p ( mank9d1 :i* ev5 9 our own day    
d>k5s _m a life1 & :i* 9 a m unque/ion+ 
age re/$ l a pall on c\ntless he>ts4    
,su* 7 among ! beliefs1 ! consi/5t &    
logical beliefs1 ( ! m$iaeval *ur*m54   
,?us ! moral mis*iefs :i* infe/$ society
 _h _! roots p>tly 9 t conception (     
religion :i* 9 o!r directions bore noble
 fruit4   ,dante %[s ! culm9ation ( !   
,ca?olic idea2 he %[s em]g+ f x a new   
idealization ( human relations2 & he /&s
 z "o ( ! ma/]-spirits ( humanity1 to   
:om all aft]-ages li/5 rev]5tly4  ,!re  
is 9 ,dante a b\ndless t]ror & a        
b\ndless hope4  ,comp>$ ) ! antique _w  
!re is a new t5d]ness & a new remorse4  

,hell1 ,purgatory1 ,heav5 are !         
projections ( man's fe>1 8 purification1
 8 hope4  ,dante %[s ! vision :i* _h    
gr[n up & possess$ ! belief ( m5--a     
t]ror mat*$ ) a glory & t5d]ness4  ,b 9 
,dante is a =ce beyond ?is !ologic      
belief--! spiritual love ( a man &      
woman4  ,x is p]sonal1 int5se1 pure1    
sacram5tal4  ,?irte5 hundr$ ye>s (      
,*ri/ianity _h inwr\ght a new purity4   
,out ( *ivalry1 half-b>b>ic1 _h gr[n a  
new s5tim5t t[>d woman4  ,if 0 truly a  
new life4  ,?r\gh ,dante's e>ly /ory1--!
 ve/ibule by :i* we are l$ to ! ,div9a  
,comm$ia1--?r\gh ?is ,vita ,nuova1 !re  
runs a poignancy :i* has almo/ m ( pa9  
?an pleasure4  ,"u an e>?ly symbol x is 
! vision ( ! ideal--! unatta9able--!    
passion ( ! s\l = :at lies beyond its   
full grasp4  ,9 =m ,dante reproduces !  
,ca?olic !ology4  ,9 reality he lives by
 ! ideal relation ) ,beatrice4  ,= him !
 true ,purgatory is 8 self-reproa* 9 h] 
pres5ce4  ,! b\ndless joy ( reunion aft]
 a lifelong sep>ation is *eck$ on !     

?re%old1 t ! int5se light ( t mom5t may 
illum9e ! s\l's pa/ unwor?9ess1 & t\* x 
) a remorse deep] ?an all ! horrors (   
hell c\ld awak54  ,! angui% purifies1 & 
w9s ! boon ( a ,le! 9 :i* ! pa/ wrong is
 absolutely =gott54  ,!n comes ! full   
fruition1 & ! mat$ s\ls trav]se a       
,p>adise :i* /ill is de>e/ to ,dante z  
he wat*es its reflection 9 ! eyes (     
,beatrice4  ,yet1 :at does ,dante %[ z !
 actuality ( ! _w aft] ?irte5 c5turies (
 ,*ri/ianity8  ,he %[s evil exi/+ 9 its 
wor/ =ms & 9 wide ext5t4  ,! horrors ( !
 ,inf]no are ! retribution :i* seem$ to 
,dante appropriate = ! crimes go+ on    
ab\t him4  ,! s9 ^: puni%m5t he depicts 
is n a figm5t ( ! !ologians1 an imag9>y 
p>ticipation 9 ,adam's trespass1 or !   
m]e human %ad[s aga9/ a dazzl+ ideal (  
purity4  ,9 ! m5 ( 8 own "t & 9 8 own   
community he saw flagrant wrong ( e     
sort1--lu/1 cruelty1 trea*]y4  ,!       
physical hell he imag9es 9 ano!r _w is !
 c\nt]p>t ( ! moral hell he sees ab\t   
him 9 ?is _w4  ,9 8 ,inf]no1 ,hate &    

,horror hold high c>nival4  ,mu* ( x is 
to ! mod]n read] l a frightful nightm>e 
( ! imag9ation4   ,9 ! progress ( !     
c5turies1 along ) ! gr[? ( e?ical &     
spiritual ideals has be5 ! movem5t (    
co>s] =ces--(t5 seem+ to de/roy !       
e?ical1 yet giv+ p[] = ! upw>d movem5t4 
,9 ! recon/ruction ( ,european society1 
! fir/ p[] 0 t ( milit>y =ce4  ,out (   
?is grew feudalism1--a k9d ( ord]1 ) its
 own code ( duties2 & *ivalry1 ) an     
atmosph]e ( noble s5tim5t runn+ into    
fantasy4  ,next came ! p[]s ( weal? & ( 
k4  ,weal? grew fir/ by ! association ( 
craftsm51--! guilds1 ! free cities4  ,!n
 comm]ce spread1 z 9 ! trade ( ,italy & 
! ,l[ ,c\ntries ) ! ,ea/4  ,a succession
 ( discov]ies & inv5tions 9 ! physical  
_w advanc$ society4  ,gunp[d] help$ to  
ov]?r[ feudalism4  ,pr9t+ made !        
,re=mation possible4  ,! ,cop]nican !ory
 _h its practical result 9 ! /imulation 
( discov]y & comm]ce2 its intellectual  
issue 9 ! weak5+ ( ! *ur*'s cosmogony1 &
 a discr$it ( ! *ur*'s claim to real k4 

,! gr[+ weal? ( ! middle class gave     
fre$om to ,engl&1--! m]*ants & cities 7 
! /r5g? ( ! ,puritan & ,p>liam5t>y p>ty4
  ,a s]ies ( inv5tions has )9 ! la/     
c5tury multipli$ weal?--! use ( canals1 
textile ma*9]y1 /eam1 electricity4  ,?is
 has creat$ a new class ( ri*4  ,x has  
improv$ ! condition ( ! labor+ man1 n   
en\gh to satisfy him1 b en\gh to /r5g!n 
him to dem& m4  ,?us1 milit>y =ce giv+  
/r5g?2 its organization z feudalism1    
giv+ ! *ivalric virtues & tra9+ an upp] 
class2 comm]ce1 discov]y1 inv5tion1     
rais+ fir/ ! middle class & !n !        
l[]1--^! =ces1 n on ! surface e?ical1 h 
coop]at$ to realize ! ideal4   ,lu!r l$ 
a revolt :i* 9 its issue fre$ half      
,europe f ! ,roman c\rt4  ,he made !    
qu>rel on a moral "q4  ,no man1 he said1
 c\ld sell a lic5se f ,god to commit s94
  ,if ! ,pope said o!rwise1 ! ,pope 0 a 
li> & no viceg]5t ( ,god4  ,s he put 9 !
 =efront ( ! revolt+ =ces a moral idea4 
,he %[$ t ! spiritual life1 ) all its   
aspirations1 /ruggles1 & victories1 0   

op5 to man )\t help f ,pope or          
prie/hood4  ,he gave ! ,g]man p ! ,bible
 9 _! own tongue4  ,he taught by ^w &   
example t m>riage 0 ! rightful          
accompanim5t ( a life consecrat$ to     
,god4  ,he _h _m ( ! limitations ( !    
peasant & ! prie/4  ,he 0 :olly         
inadequate to any compreh5sive          
conception ( ! high] life ( humanity4   
,8 ideal ( "* 0 bas$ on a my/ical       
exp]i5ce1 "u ! =ms ( an antiquat$       
!ology4  ,he 0 n>r[2 he conf\nd$ !      
fri5ds ) ! foes ( progress2 he _h no    
cle> und]/&+ ( ! social & political ne$s
 ( ! "t2 he 0 full ( sup]/ition1 & saw !
 ,devil pres5t 9 e mis*ief2 he 0 (t5    
viol5t & wra?ful4  ,b he _h a great &   
t5d] he>t2 he _h ! soldi]ly temp] :i*   
prompt$ him to /rike :5 m s5sitive &    
reflective m5 held back2 & he won !     
lead]%ip ( ! new age :5 aga9/ all ! pomp
 & p[] ( ,emp]or & ,pope he plant$      
himself on ! tru? z he saw ! tru?3 ,"h  
,i /&2 ,i _c d o!rwise2 ,god help me6   
,cop]nicus di$ 9 #aedc--two ye>s be=e   

,lu!r4  ,= ?irty-six ye>s--all ?r\gh !  
,re=mation /ruggle--he 0 quietly work+  
out 8 !ory4  ,! book conta9+ x he did n 
v5ture to publi%1 till "u ,paul ,,iii4  
!re 0 a lull 9 ! /orm4  ,he 0 a loyal   
,ca?olic1 b 8 tea*+ 0 sure to conflict )
 ! *ur*4  ,he kept alive j long en\gh to
 see 8 book come f ! pr9t]s--dy+ at !   
age ( sev5ty4  ,ty*o ,brahe1 ,kepl]1 &  
,galileo came lat]4   ,! ,prote/ants 9 !
 "n ( religion defi$ & set aside !      
,ca?olic *ur*4  ,!y 7 impell$ to d x    
because !y saw t ! *ur*1 claim+         
infallibility1 0 practically fallible & 
faulty 9 its morals1 z 9 ! matt] ( !    
indulg5ces4  ,!y f\nd c\rage to d x1    
because m5 l ,lu!r le>n$ by exp]i5ce t !
 s5se ( p>don$ s91 ( a div9e communion1 
( peace & joy1 ( :i* ! *ur* _h claim$ ! 
exclusive possession1 7 possible to !m  
:olly )\t ! *ur*'s int]v5tion4  ,t 0 "o 
side ( ! revolt3 ! o!r side 0 t ! civil 
society1 z 9 ,engl&1 _h gr[n /rong      
en\gh1 & ! mon>*ical & national temp]   
bold en\gh1 to be impati5t ( any =eign  

control4  ,b ! ,prote/ant re=m]s 9 an   
intellectual s5se simply rem\ld$ a      
little ! old cre$1 deta*+ s mu* only z 0
 inextricably bl5d$ ) ! au?ority ( !    
,roman prie/hood4  ,!irs 0 9 no s5se an 
intellectually creative movem5t4        
,politically & socially x _h great      
effects4  ,intellectually x did h>dly m 
?an to set ! door op54 ,ev5 ?is x did   
unconsci\sly & unwill+ly4  ,! e>ly      
,prote/ants f\nd !mselves face to face )
 elem5tal =ces ( human nature1--) mis]y1
 s91 & gre$1 ) passions /imulat$ by !   
s5se t au?ority 0 weak5+4  ,!y saw no   
o!r res\rce1 _! own m9ds prompt$ no o!r 
?\ght1 _! spiritual exp]i5ce br\ght no  
o!r sugge/ion1 ?an to cont9ue ! old     
appeal to ! sup]natural _w4  ,! cre$ (  
,calv9 is h>%] ?an ! cre$ ( ,rome2 its  
spiritual _w no less def9itely conceiv$ 
& au?oritatively taught2 its insi/5ce on
 belief no less absolute4  ,!           
traditional ,prote/ant or?odoxy is only 
! ,ca?olic !ology a little %runk5 &     
dw9dl$4 ,its appeal to ! reason is h>dly

 /rong]1 & its appeal to ! imag9ation is
 less /rong4   ,b = m ?an ?ree hundr$   
ye>s ! :ole conception ( a sup]natural  
univ]se has be5 gr[+ weak] & weak] 9 its
 hold on ! m9ds ( m54  ,%aksp]e pa9ts ! 
mo/ v>i\s1 active1 & passionate _w (    
humanity1--a humanity brilliant )       
virtues1 d>k ) crimes1 ri* 9 t5d]ness1  
humor1 lovel9ess1 awe1 yet almo/        
unaffect$ by any consid]ation ( !       
sup]natural _w4  ,on ,hamlet's brood+   
!re breaks no ray f ,*ri/ian revelation4
  ,no hope ( a h]eaft] soo!s ,le> z he  
b5ds ov] dead ,cordelia4  ,macbe?1      
hesitat+ on ! v]ge ( crime1 ?r[s out ( !
 scale any dread ( future               
retribution1--assure him only ( success 
"h1 &    ,we 'd jump ! life to come4    
,x is impossible to pass ! exhau/less   
,%aksp]e )\t "s fur!r ^w ( inadequate   
comm5t4  ,app>5tly no "o 9 8 day guess$ 
t among ! jo/l+ ?rong ( soldi]s1        
/atesm51 & philosoph]s ?is obscure      
playwright 0 ! intellectual k+4  ,b ,"t 
has m ?an r$ress$ ! wrong1 = n[ he is n 

only rev]5c$ z a sov]eign b sometimes   
wor%ip$ z an oracle4  ,! prime secret ( 
8 p[]1 comp>$ ) ! m5 be=e him & ab\t    
him1 is 8 return to reality4 ,x is !    
actual _w1 ! actual m5 & wom5 9 x1 t he 
portrays1 & n ! puppets or %ad[s ( a    
made-up _w4  ,x is a *ange ( /&po9t su* 
z ,bacon made :5 he recall$ philosophy f
 ab/ract speculation to ! /udy (        
concrete facts1 & calmly told m5 t _!   
pa/ a*ievem5ts 7 z no?+ comp>$ to ! tru?
 !y 7 to atta9 ) ! new weapons4         
,%aksp]e has no ?\ght ( mank9d's        
advance1 no me?od or sy/em to (f]1 b z  
se] & arti/ he beholds & portrays !     
univ]se ab\t him4  ,we get "s idea ( :at
 ! *ange means :5 we comp>e ! humanity  
:i* he depicts ) ! acc\nt ( mank9d giv5 
by a logical !ologian l ,calv92 !       
simple1 %>p division betwe5 sa9ts &     
s9n]s1 aga9/ ! mix$1 p>ticolor$1 g5u9ely
 human p :o t\* our te>s & laught] on ! 
dramati/'s page4  ,or aga91 contra/ 8 _w
 ) ,dante's1 :]e ! pr(\nde/ imag9ation &
 s5sibility project !mselves into a     

phantasmagoria4  ,9 ! *ange to ,%aksp]e 
we are tempt$ to say t we h lo/ heav5 & 
escap$ hell1 b h tak5 fre% hold on e>?ly
 life & f\nd 9 x unmeasur$ ri*ness &    
significance4  ,9 read+ ,%aksp]e we are 
nev] confus$ or weak5$ z betwe5 virtue &
 vice4  ,9 simply %[+ u ?is life z x is 
act$ out by all k9ds ( p1 he %[s        
p]petually ! beauty ( c\rage1 tru?1     
t5d]ness1 purity1 & ! ugl9ess ( _!      
opposites4  ,measure him at ! mo/       
critical po9t1 *a/ity4  ,8 plays h pl5ty
 ( co>s5ess2 !y h t\*es1 ?\gh v r>ely1 (
 voluptu\s description2 b !y always     
leave u ) ! s5se t purity is noble &    
impurity is evil4  ,x is /rik+ to note !
 tone 9 ?is respect ( 8 successive      
productions4 ,8 y\?ful poem1 ,v5us &    
,adonis1 is t\*$ ) ! disease :i* _h     
blight$ ! lit]ature & ! life ( s\!rn    
,europe1--! infection ( ! imag9ation by 
s5suality1 a sort ( intellectual        
putresc5ce4  ,9 ! frank daylight ( !    
e>ly dramas ?is nightm>e has disappe>$1 
yet 9 ! g5]ally clean atmosph]e !re     

occurs sometimes a t\* ( deprav$        
,italian mann]s1 z 9 ,all's ,well t     
,ends ,well1 ! delib]ate s$uction       
attempt$ by ,b]tram1 br++ little        
discr$it & no puni%m5t4  ,lat] 9 ! great
 plays ! note ( *a/ity is always cle> & 
firm4  ,9 8 wom51 purity is nobly       
depict$2 9 8 m5 !re appe>s no su*       
atta9m5t1 b (t5 a passionate abhorr5ce (
 vice4  ,9 only "o play1 ,antony &      
,cleopatra1 x might sup]ficially appe> t
 !re is a glorification ( lawless love2 
b 9 ! action ( ! /ory _! lawlessness    
ru9s ,antony's & ,cleopatra's =tunes2   
!n1 ) ! imm95ce ( dea?1 _! passion1     
escap+ f ! ?ralldom ( fle%1 so>s into a 
sublimation t r$eems ,antony's error &  
half trans=ms ,cleopatra4  ,9 ,%aksp]e's
 _w ! sup]natural sanctions h almo/     
disappe>$1 b ! moral law is /ill        
supreme4  ,yet 9 "s ways x is a v       
unsatisfy+ _w4  ,9 its deep] aspects woe
 pr$om9ates ov] joy4 ,all phases (      
suff]+ & angui% f9d _! language "h2 b ( 
rapture !re are only transi5t glimpses1 

( great & abid+ happ9ess !re is almo/   
none1 & !re is sc>cely a sugge/ion ( !  
peace t passe? und]/&+4  ,we sometimes  
feel ! %>pe/ pressure ( ! problems to   
:i* ,*ri/ianity _h address$ itself1     
unlight5$ by any solution4  ,!re is !   
e*o ( ,paul's cry1 ,o wret*$ man t ,i   
am1 :o %all deliv] me f ?is body (      
dea?6--z 9 ! k+ at pray]1 9 ,hamlet2 b  
n[h]e is ,paul's note ( triumphant      
deliv]ance4  ,we see m5 ov]:elm$ by     
temptation1 z ,macbe? & ,angelo2 we     
n[h]e see m5 ris+ ov] conqu]$ temptation
 to high] manhood4  ,man 9 ,%aksp]e is  
g5]ally ! creature ( ,fate4  ,man's     
confrontal by ! my/]y ( exi/5ce is !    
real !me ( ,hamlet4 ,! true unity ( t   
drama is n 9 ! action nor 9 ! *>act]s2 x
 is ! und]ly+ & unansw]$ problem1--man1 
9 8 f9e/ s5sibilities & noble/          
aspirations1 beset by a _w ( tr\ble1 (  
confusion1 ( unfa?omable my/]y4  ,! gho/
 f ! o!r _w is a m]e piece ( /age sc5]y2
 to ! real s5tim5t belongs ! frank      
paganism ( ,hamlet z he holds !         

skull1--?is is ! end ( ,yorick1 & t     
any?+ ( ,yorick may /ill live except ^! 
m\ld]+ bones does n ev5 occur to ,hamlet
 z a "q4  ,yet :5 he is tempt$ to take  
refuge 9 suicide1 ! possibility ( some?+
 aft] dea? is suffici5t to det] him4  ,!
 ?\ght sugge/s no hope1 only a vague    
re/ra9+ fe>4  ,b to ! guilty k+ !re is a
 t]rible reality 9 ! div9e law :i* he   
has brok52 he /ruggles to reconcile     
himself ) heav51 b 8 w seems p>alyz$ to 
retrace ! pa? ( wrong-do+4  ,! incapable
 w1 ! baffl$ intellect1 ca/ a gloom ov] 
! :ole drama4  ,x is n only a clew to   
man's relation ) ! unse5 & et]nal t we  
miss 9 ,%aksp]e4  ,he fails to %[ "o    
trait :i* belongs to human nature z     
truly z ,hotspur's c\rage or ,fal/aff's 
droll]y4  ,he n[h]e depicts a life      
controll$ by a moral ideal1 delib]ately 
*os5 & resolutely pursu$4  ,8 _w is ri* 
9 passion1 b defici5t 9 cle> & high     
purpose & soldi]ly resolve4  ,! metal ( 
ma/]y is lack+4 ,he %[s u life z a      
wond]ful spectacle1 b he does n directly

 aid u to live our own life4  ,8 amaz+  
treasury ( wisdom seldom l5ds a phrase t
 fla%es com=t into our sorr[1 hope into 
our dejection1 or /r5g? to our wav]+ w4 
,yet :5 ?is has be5 said1 x rema9s true 
t ,%aksp]e's atmosph]e is :olesome & ev5
 invigorat+4  ,we are help$ 9 our high] 
life by _m influ5ces besides direct     
moral tea*+4  ,"o takes a tw5ty-mile    
tramp ov] moor & m\nta91 & no ^w (      
admonition or guidance comes f rock or  
tree1 b he comes back /rong] & s]5]4  ,s
 f an h\r among ,%aksp]e's p "o may well
 em]ge ) a full]1 happi] be+4  ,x is !  
inscrutable p[] ( real life truly se51  
ev5 ?\gh se5 b 9 "p4  ,! wi% is z       
inevitable z x is hopeless t we might "k
 ! p]sonality ( ,%aksp]e1 ! m$ium ?r\gh 
:i* ! light pass+ 0 ?us color$4  ,we get
 b r>e & slight glimpses2 ! boyhood 9 ! 
sweet ,avon c\ntry2 ! /umble on !       
?re%old ( manhood 9 8 m>riage2 ! plunge 
into ro>+ ,london2 ! !atrical surr\nd+s2
 ! great encompass+ drama ( ,elizabe?'s 
,engl&2 ! sl[ w9n+ ( a compet5ce2 !     

quiet ye>s at ! end1 a burgess ( ,/rat=d
 t[n4 ,!re is a ri*1 tantaliz+          
disclosure ( a phase ( ! inn] life 9 !  
,sonnets2 :at !y seem to convey is a    
passion delicate & pr(\nd1 /riv+ to     
sublimate & satisfy itself1 b baffl$ by 
unwor?9ess 9 ! object1 & p]haps by "s   
unwor?9ess 9 ! lov]4  ,m di/9ct is !    
outw>d clos+ sc5e2 ! retirem5t to !     
native c\ntry t[n1 ! mode/ prosp]ity1 ! 
bus9ess-l mak+ ( ! w4  ,prosaic en\gh x 
s\nds1 yet 9 sub/ance x has ?is         
significance1 t ?is great g5ius &       
passionate s\l bore himself among !     
mat]ialities1 :]e s _m make %ipwreck1 ) 
a practical s5se & /ead9ess :i* br\ght  
him to ! hav5 at lea/ ( a com=table &   
honorable age4  ,s mu* ,%aksp]e c]ta9ly 
_h 9 himself1--?is homely yet vital     
self-comm&4  ,) ?is is to be tak5 t he  
_h also t intellectual ma/]y ( himself (
 :i* ! highe/ pro( is ! creation ( great
 works ( art4  ,self-control1 prud5tial 
& intellectual1 0 "o elem5t ( ,%aksp]e1 
"o secret ( 8 sanity & /r5g?4  ,"o loves

 to see 9 ,! ,tempe/ ! cr[n+ utt]ance ( 
8 maturity4 ,h[ wise1 h[ noble x is1 & !
 wisdom & nobility set =? 9 :at         
exquisite play ( fancy & weal? ( humor6 
,z 9 ,hamlet we seem to see ,%aksp]e 9 8
 mid-life /orm & /ress1 s 9 ,prosp]o we 
?9k we recognize ! ideal ( 8 rip5ess4   
,!re is ! wise man torn f books &       
rev]ie1 & rudely ?ru/ ^u trea*]y & !    
/ormy sea2 !re is control ga9$ ov] airy 
p[]s & e!real beauties2 /ruggle ) be/ial
 evil2 =giv5ess ( ! wrong-do]2 happ9ess 
9 ! happ9ess ( 8 *ild1 & will+ surr5d] (
 h] to h] lov]2 ! admonition t love     
p]fect itself by ! ma/]y ( passion4  ,s 
wise1 s b5efic5t1 s l(ty is ,%aksp]e's  
late/ creation4  ,a %ad[ flits across1 9
 ! ?\ght ( mortal transi5cy3--          
,we are su* /uff   ,z dreams are made (1
 & our little life   ,is r\nd$ by a     
sleep4   ,yet in/antly ,prosp]o m>ks ?is
 z ! utt]ance ( a di/urb$ mom5t3 ,be> ) 
my weakness1 my old bra9 is tr\bl$2 !   
com+ enc\nt] ) ,caliban has %ak5 him4   
,mo/ ,%aksp]ean1 too1 is ?is3 alt]nat+  

impulses ( tru/ & d\bt2 n[ a s5se ( be+ 
l$ by ,provid5ce div9e2 an in/9ct ( a   
div9ity t %apes our ends2 & aga91 ! mood
 t sees beyond ! pres5t sc5e only       
blankness & ! end4  ,^? elem5ts :i* 9   
,%aksp]e are abs5t or dim1--! belief 9 a
 div9e rule & cele/ial de/9y1 & a high &
 fix$ moral purpose1--^! appe> 9 full   
/r5g? 9 m5 ( ,%aksp]e's "t1 ! m5 (      
religion2 b 9 _! m9ds inextricably bl5t 
) a s*eme ( ! univ]se :i* x is pla9 0 to
 ,%aksp]e z unreal z ! my?ology ( !     
,greeks1 & :i* he treats 9 mu* ! same   
way1 m]ely borr[+ x = a dramatic        
purpose4  ,! m5 ( religion _h no su*    
consummate expression 9 lit]ature z     
,%aksp]e1 ?\gh !y _h _! ,taylor & ,h]b]t
 & ,milton2 b to appreciate !m we mu/   
look at !m 9 action1 & we may take !    
,puritan z _! type4  ,b fir/ let u note 
t 9 ,ca?olicism z e>ly z 9 ,prote/antism
 appe>$ ! %>p rift betwe5 intellect &   
belief4  ,montaigne1 a man ( ! _w1 is   
outw>dly a con=mi/1 b a real skeptic4   
,a nom9al ,ca?olic1 he corresponds to   

,%aksp]e1 a nom9al ,prote/ant4          
,montaigne reveals ! _w ( "o p]sonality 
z1 frankly z ,%aksp]e pictures a _w (   
humanity1 & 9 ea* ! purely religi\s     
elem5t is almo/ totally abs5t4          
,%aksp]e %[s ! wide/ rea* ( ! m9d ap>t f
 a def9ite religi\s purpose or a /rong  
religi\s fai?4  ,9 contra/ ) him is !   
,puritan ef=t to appreh5d & foll[ a     
div9e rule & a*ieve a div9e de/9y4  ,!  
typical ,puritan address$ himself to    
man's foes1--all griefs & suff]+s       
culm9at+ 9 ,dea?2 all wrong-do+1 z ,s92 
& ! retribution & woe h]eaft]1 z ,hell4 
,to escape f ^! 0 8 supreme object1 & to
 w9 :at he z firmly believ$ 9--,hol9ess1
 ,life1 & ,heav54  ,! cre$ 0 accept$ z !
 =m ( ?is tru?1 b ! e>ne/ m5 s\ght to "k
 its tru?s exp]im5tally1--to take home !
 full s5se ( !m4  ,?is 0 f\nd 9 !       
consci\sness ( man's supreme ne$2 &1    
respond+ to t1 a div9e comm&1 an        
invitation1 & a ?reat4  ,! result ( ?is 
0 to set man ^u a /ruggle s int5se t x 0
 inde$ a w>f>e1--fir/1 aga9/ 8 own lu/s1

 !n aga9/ ! evils 9 ! _w ar\nd him4  ,^!
 evils 7 to him embodi$--9 ! ,pope1 !   
head ( a false religion1 ! oppressor (  
,god's p2 9 ! imitation & approa* to    
,pop]y 9 ! *ur* ( ,engl&2 9 all false   
belief & error1 all wrong-do]s1 & ,satan
 himself4  ,! ,puritan believ$ t !      
sublime/ possibility 0 op5 to man1 &    
purpos$ at e co/ to a*ieve x4  ,man's   
*ief end is to glorify ,god & enjoy him 
=ev]4  ,!re 0 also ! mo/ dreadful       
possibility to be %unn$4  ,all e>?ly    
pleasure he held 9 suspicion1 z a bait (
 ! great adv]s>y ( s\ls4  ,! belief (   
s]i\s m5 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 t !ology 
0 ! guide to heav54  ,!y believ$ ?is z  
mod]n m5 believe t sci5ce is ! guide to 
human life4  ,h5ce1 an inf9ite div]sity 
( sects1 & h5ce ! attempts to en=ce ea* 
by au?ority4  ,! ,bible f$ ! deep]      
sub/ratum ( ! ,puritan life4  ,x t\*$ & 
fir$ ! imag9ation ( ! common p4  ,!     
dom9ant idea on :i* ! ,engli% ,puritan  
laid hold 0 ! ,old ,te/am5t idea (      
,god's *os5 p1--sep>ate f ! re/ ( ! _w1 

giv5 a code ( writt5 laws1 l$ by a      
div9ely appo9t$ prie/hood & prophets1   
discipl9$ by a con/ant int]v5tion (     
rew>ds & puni%m5ts4  ,?is conception !y 
transf]r$ to ! fai?ful ( _! own "t2 &   
aga9/ !m 0 ,anti*ri/1 9 ! ,roman *ur*1  
to :i* ! ,engli% prelates seem$         
traitor\sly to incl9e4  ,!y propos$ to  
purify & ma9ta9 ! *ur* 9 ,engl&1 or1    
fail+ !re1 to transplant x to ,am]ica4  
,! typical ,puritan "*1 z mo/ fully     
work$ out 9 ,scotl& & ,new ,engl&1 0 a  
mixture ( int5se idealism & /]ne/       
practicality4 ,! idealism aim$ to       
control e action ( life1 & to base      
itself on ! ultimate reality4  ,x r5\nc$
 ! aid ( art & embodi$ imag9ation2 x    
r5\nc$ human au?ority2 x _h no aid f    
mat]ial beauty1 none f k ( nature4  ,?is
 religion _h an appall+ side4  ,=emo/   
among its tea*+s 0 man's depravity & !  
t]rible wra? ( ,god4  ,! wor/ cruelty ( 
! ,iroquois 0 m]cy comp>$ to ,god's     
deal+ ) s9n]s4  ,?is 0 an inh]itance f  
an old] religion4  ,b ! condition (     

salvation 9 ! ,ca?olic *ur*--& 9 all    
high *ur* religion--0 practically       
ob$i5ce to ! *ur*4  ,b ! ,puritan       
requir$ a consci\s *ange ( he>t1 :i* to 
_m 0 impossible4  ,! utmo/ pa9s 7 tak5 t
 ! mo/ labori\s "r-do+ %\ld c\nt = no?+1
 unless accompani$ by ?is my/ic         
exp]i5ce4  ,ca?olicism put man "u       
gu>dian%ip ?r\gh ! hi]>*y1 !            
confessional1 ! :ole *ur* sy/em4        
,calv9ism ?rew him on 8 own             
res\rces1--set him face to face ) ,god4 
,x1 too1 set a *ur* to help him1 b ev5 !
 m9i/] ( ! *ur* exhort$ him to make 8   
own peace ) ,god4  ,?is responsibility  
weight$ m5 heavily1 & made !m sombre4   
,x cru%$ ! feeble1 b made /rong m5      
/rong]4  ,! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5?      
c5tury 0 full ( religi\s en?usiasms1 :i*
 c>ri$ high expectations4  ,milton look$
 = a wond]ful advance 9 tru?4  ,!       
,puritan s\ght to build a *ur* simple 9 
=ms1 au/]e 9 morals & mann]s1 exact+    
p]sonal hol9ess ( its memb]s1 & subject+
 ! ungodly to a rule ( ! sa9ts4  ,*>les 

! ,fir/ & ,ar*bi%op ,laud believ$ 9 a   
religi\s mon>*y2 t ! k+ %\ld be *ief 9  
*ur* & /ate2 t beauty ( ritual %\ld g   
along ) ! enc\ragem5t ( fe/ivity &      
joy\sness2 & t ! ultimate aim 0 a       
reunit$ ,*ri/5dom4  ,! wave pass$1 & ^! 
expectations _h fail$4  ,b ! =ce ( !    
,puritan movem5t _h accompli%$ c]ta9    
?+s4  ,x _h turn$ ! tide ( ! ,engli%    
civil w>1 x _h leav5$ ! m s]i\s portion 
( ! nation1 & x _h plant$ ! ,new ,engl& 
colonies4  ,9 ,engl& ! ,puritan zeal    
gave =ce to ov]?r[ despotism1 b x !n    
plung$ ! nation into *aos2 x c\ld n rule
 or h>monize ! composite =ces ( national
 life2 con/itutional mon>*y 0 e/abli%$  
at la/ "u ,william ( ,orange1 by m5 (   
less f]v5t & l(ty temp] ?an ! ,puritans1
 b bett] conv]sant ) ! wants &          
possibilities ( ! actual _w4   ,milton 0
 a man ( h]oic m\ld4  ,he gov]n$ himself
 by a delib]ate & l(ty moral purpose4   
,! ?ir/ = moral p]fection inspir$ & rul$
 8 life4  ,he 0 f> f ! n>r[ness ( !     
typical ,puritan4 ,he 0 op5 on all sides

 to ! noble/ influ5ces4  ,! h]oic       
antique temp]1 ! beauty & ri*ness ( !   
,greek1 ! religi\s s]i\sness ( !        
,puritan1 ! ,engli% love ( fre$om1 all  
met 9 him4  ,he 0 at he>t a poet &      
s*ol>1 b he ?rew himself into ! active  
life ( 8 "t4  ,yet 8 g5ius 0 cramp$ by 8
 !ology4  ,he c\ld n fuse ! conflict+   
elem5ts ( ?\ght1--j z ! h]oes ( !       
,revolution1 ,pym & ,hampd5 & ,cromwell 
& ,falkl&1 c\ld n bl5d ! elem5ts (      
,engli% political society4  ,he is l 8  
own lion /ruggl+ to get free4  ,8 epic  
is a /ory ( disa/]4  ,8 deity is        
undiv9e4  ,!re is m t t\*es sympa?y &   
admiration 9 8 ,satan ?an 9 8 ,jehovah  
or ,adam4  ,! be/ ?+ he gives u is 8 own
 noble p]sonality1 imbu+ ! maje/ic rhy?m
 ) a k9d ( moral p[]4  ,s]vant & fri5d (
 ,cromwell1 sacrific+ all s*ol>ly       
delight to 8 c\ntry's ne$1 *ampion (    
fre$om1 wor%ip] ( tru?1 build+ 9        
neglect$ solitude 8 epic1--8 works are  
less ?an ,%aksp]e's1 b he is great] ?an 
! imag9>y ,hamlet1 ,o!llo1 or ,brutus4  

,cromwell is 9 action ! c\nt]p>t (      
,milton 9 ?\ght1--a h]oic nature /ruggl+
 ) irreconcilable elem5ts4  ,ea* is     
confront$ by a situation z difficult z  
,hamlet's2 b ?\gh !y _c fully ma/] x1 !y
 deal ) x l m54  ,"h is ! true advantage
 ( ! m5 ( religion ov] ,%aksp]e & 8     
creations1--"h is ! great] _w ?an       
,%aksp]e saw1--m5 grappl+ ) _! fate & 9 
! /ruggle work+ out h]oic lives4   ,!   
f9e/ type ( ! ,new ,engl& coloni/s is   
se5 9 ! ,w9?rops1 fa!r & son4  ,:5 !    
migration is det]m9$ on1 ! son writes3  
,= myself1 ,i h se5 s mu* ( ! v>iety ( !
 _w t ,i e/eem no m ( ! div]sities (    
c\ntries ?an z s _m inns1 :]e( ! travel]
 t ha? lodg$ 9 ! be/ or ! wor/ f9de? no 
diff]5ce :5 he come? to 8 j\rney's end2 
& ,i %all call t my c\ntry :]e ,i may   
mo/ glorify ,god & enjoy ! pres5ce ( my 
de>e/ fri5ds4  ,!re=e h]e9 ,i submit    
myself to ,god's w & y\rs1 &1 ) y\r     
leave1 d d$icate myself 7lay+ by all    
desire ( o!r employm5ts :atsoev]7 to !  
s]vice ( ,god & ! company h]e91 ) ! :ole

 endeavors bo? ( body & m9d4  ,! eld]   
,w9?rop is %[n to u 9 ! ,j\rnal or      
*ronicle ( ! ,massa*usetts colony1 a    
sombre record ( seem+ly petty ev5ts2 9 8
 religi\s di>y ( an e>li] p]iod2 & 9 8  
dome/ic lett]s1 :i* are full ( manly    
/r5g? & sweetness4  ,he comb9$ "s ( !   
*ief elem5ts ( greatness1--l(t9ess (    
aim2 a "* dis9t]e/$1 pati5t1 mode/1     
brave2 deep religi\s exp]i5ce2 & p]sonal
 t5d]ness4  ,to a man l ,w9?rop1 ! he>t 
( 8 cre$ 0 t man's true aim is moral    
p]fection & a liv+ relation ) a ,div9e  
,lov]4  ,! s5se ( a ,div9e              
,pres5ce--inspir+1 rul+1 gladd5+--is :at
 8 religion means to him4  ,9 ?is quiet 
c\ntry g5tleman1 portray$ 9 8 private   
di>y1 is an int5se play ( feel+ &       
imag9ation1 conc5trat$ on ! atta9m5t ( a
 p]sonal & social ideal4  ,all ?is      
introspective f]vor m]g$ into a public  
ent]prise1--! transplant+ ( a *ur* &    
colony to ,massa*usetts ,bay4  ,! la/   
half ( 8 life 0 sp5t 9 ! mo/ assidu\s1  
m9ute1 exact+ labors4 ,! self-wat*ful   

di>y gives place to a public *ronicle1  
prosaic z a %ip's log-book--&1 l !      
log-book1 ! %or?& record ( adv5tures1   
h]oisms1 & sublimities4  ,9 ! ,puritan (
 ,w9?rop's type ! flame ( spiritual     
emotion 0 h>ness$ & made to s]ve4  ,!   
drudg]y ( f\nd+ ,new ,engl& 0 done by m5
 ^: he>ts 7 t\*$ ) fire1--m5 su* z      
,l[ell s+s (3--    ,:o1 d[]$ ) e gift ( 
passion1   ,9 t fi]ce flame c =ge &     
fa%ion   ,( self & s9 ! an*or /rong2    
,c !nce compel ! driv+ =ce   ,( daily   
life's me*anic c\rse4   ,w9?rop set out 
) a great ideal--%[n ) /atesmanlike     
bread? 9 ! ,consid]ations1 & ) apo/olic 
f]vor 9 ! ,model ( ,*ri/ian ,*>ity4  ,8 
conception 0 cramp$ into con=mity ) ! f>
 n>r[] views ( ! m9i/]s :o 7 ! lead]s 9 
! colony4 ,yet x 0 8 ideal & 8          
p]sonality :i* gave mo/ to success4  ,! 
lett]s betwe5 ,w9?rop & 8 wife are an   
example ( human love p]fect$ by a high] 
love4  ,he writes to h]3 ,nei!r c ! sea 
dr[n ?y husb&1 nor enemies de/roy1 nor  
any adv]sity deprive !e ( ?y husb&4     

,%aksp]e has no note l t4  ,m>g>et      
writes f h] c\ntry home to h] husb& 9   
,london3 ,my good husb&1 *e] up ?y he>t 
9 ! expectation ( ,god's goodness to u1 
& let no?+ dismay or disc\rage !e2 if ! 
,"l be ) u1 :o c be aga9/ u8  ,my grief 
is ! fe> ( /ay+ beh9d !e1 b ,i mu/ leave
 all to ! good provid5ce ( ,god4  ,%e 0 
oblig$ to /ay beh9d 9 ,engl&1 await+ !  
bir? ( a *ild4  ,on ! eve ( sail+ he    
writes h]3 ,i purpose1 if ,god w1 to be 
) !e ^u ,?ursday come s5'night1 & !n ,i 
mu/ take my leave ( !e = a summ]'s day &
 a w9t]'s day4 ,! ,"l our good ,god w   
7,i hope7 s5d u a happy meet+ aga9 9 8  
good "t4  ,am56  ,be+ n[ ready to s5d   
away my lett]s1 ,i receiv$ ?9e2 ! read+ 
( x has dissolv$ my head into te>s4  ,c 
write no m4  ,if ,i live1 ,i w see !e   
ere ,i g4  ,i %all "p f !e ) sorr[      
en\gh2 be com=table1 my mo/ sweet wife1 
our ,god w be ) !e4  ,f>ewell4  ,a few  
mon?s lat]1 across ! pages ( ! ,j\rnal1 
full ( ! c>es & anxieties ( ! /ruggl+   
colony1 %9es a ray ( pure joy4 ,m>g>et  

has come6  ,& ! :ole community rejoices 
& makes *e]1 ) homely & he>ty fea/+1 = !
 happ9ess ( _! good gov]nor4  ,! actual 
conditions n\ri%$ homely                
virtues1--indu/ry1 ?rift1 self-reliance1
 family affection1 civic responsibility4
  ,! greatness ( e>ly ,new ,engl& is    
p>tly measur$ by ! fact t !re 7         
comp>atively no dregs1 no mass (        
ignorance & vice4  ,x 0 n ! individuals 
:o rise into sight at ?is di/ance :o 7  
sup]ior to ! prom95t m5 ( ,engl& or     
,france1--x 0 ! l[] /ratum :i* 0 above t
 else:]e4  ,two prime causes work$ to   
?is elevation1--! spiritual e/imate (   
man & ! economic conditions :i* (f]$    
indep5d5ce to e "o on ! condition "w &  
save4  ,! social & political conditions 
7 l>gely %ap$ by ^! und]ly+ facts4  ,!  
wre/le = a livelihood "u /]n mat]ial    
conditions 0 a prime factor 9 ! mak+ (  
,new ,engl&4  ,:atev] ! cre$ might say1 
9 practice ,"w 0 ! equal p>tn] ( ,fai? 9
 build+ manhood & ! /ate4  ,! soil 0 to 
_! bodies :at ,calv9ism 0 to _!         

s\ls1--yield+ n\ri%m5t1 b only ?r\gh a  
h>d /ruggle4  ,its /]ility drove !m to !
 sea = a livelihood2 !y became fi%]m52  
!n1 c>ry+ _! fi% & lumb] abroad1 !y grew
 into comm]ce4 ,!y trad$ along ! coa/1  
to ! ,we/ ,indies1 to ,europe1 & s into 
_! little prov9ce came ! w9ds ( ! l>g]  
_w4  ,!y le>n$ ! sailor's virtues1--8   
c\rage1 8 m+l$ awe & ma/]y ( elem5tal   
=ces1 8 s5se ( l&s beyond ! horizon4    
,well might ,w9?rop "n ! fir/ %ip he    
laun*$ ,! ,bless+ ( ! ,bay4  ,! au/]e l&
 _h small room = slaves1 dep5d5t &      
incapable4  ,"o ( ! fir/ l>ge companies 
includ$ "s scores ( bondm52 !y l&$ to   
face a fi]ce & hungry w9t]1 & /raightway
 ! bondm5 7 set free1--z slaves !y w\ld 
be an incumbrance2 z freem5 !y c\ld get 
_! own liv+4  ,! ?rifty coloni/s ( a    
lat] g5]ation did a driv+ bus9ess 9     
,african slaves = _! s\!rn neighbors1 b 
!y _h small use = !m at home4  ,w9?rop's
 con/ant ef=t1 z %[n 9 8 ,j\rnal1 is =  
reason & "r4  ,x is ! argum5ts = & aga9/
 any c\rse t he elaborates4  ,sc>ce a ^w

 ( _! suff]+s or ( 8 own feel+s--b to "k
 & d ! "r 0 all-important4  ,! greatness
 ( 8 own ideal is %[n :5 he draws ) a   
free h&1 9 ! ,conclusions or ! ,model4  
,9 ! ,j\rnal1 he is labor+ t[>d ?is "u !
 iron conditions ( actualities4  ,he & 8
 associates _h to be /rong-will$ & /]n2 
!y 7 w>r+ aga9/ trem5d\s difficulties--m
 trem5d\s to !m because int]pret$ z ! "w
 ( ,satan1 :ile ev5 _! ,god 0 an awful  
be+4  ,sup]/ition ?r[s a d>k %ad[ ov] ! 
*ronicle4  ,ev5 ,w9?rop 0 deeply infect$
 by x4  ,disa/]s small & great 7        
int]pret$1 on ! ,old ,te/am5t idea1 z   
div9e judgm5ts4  ,a boy sev5 ye>s old   
fell ?r\gh ! ice & 0 dr[n$ :ile 8 p>5ts 
7 at lecture1 & 8 si/] 0 dr[n$ 9 try+ to
 save him4  ,! p>5ts _h no m sons1 &    
confess$ !y _h be5 too indulg5t t[>ds   
him1 & _h set _! he>ts ov]mu* on him4   
,a man work+ on a milldam kept on = an  
h\r aft] nightfall on ,saturday to f9i% 
x1 & next day 8 *ild fell into a well & 
0 dr[n$4  ,! fa!r confess$ x z a judgm5t
 ( ,god = 8 ,sabba?-break+4  ,!re is n  

unfrequ5t m5tion ( "s woman driv5 by    
religi\s brood+ to fr5zy1 sometimes to  
murd]4  ,! awful possibilities ( hell = 
h]self & h] *ildr5 wr\ght ! "m-he>t to  
madness4  ,! religi\s guides ( ! p us$  
unsp>+ly ! appeal to fe>4  ,! belief 9  
wit*craft1 :i* long _h sc\rg$ ,europe1  
broke out 9 a panic ( fe> & cruelty4  ,x
 0 a tragic culm9ation ( ! wor/         
elem5ts1--sup]/ition1 malignity1        
m9i/]ial tyranny4  ,!n came ! reaction1 
& ) x a triumph ( ! wis] s5se1 ! cool]  
temp]1 ! layman's mod]ation1 :i* !nce=? 
7 to guide ! commonweal? on a humbl] b  
saf] road4  ,9 a dramatic s5se !        
turn+-po9t ( ! /ory--& ! revelation ( ! 
sav+ p[] at ! he>t ( ?is grim p--0 :51  
aft] ! wit*craft fr5zy _h subsid$1      
,samuel ,sewall1 ! *ief ju/ice ( !      
colony1 rose 9 8 place 9 ! meet+-h\se & 
humbly confess$ be=e ,god & man t he _h 
err$ & %$ innoc5t blood4  ,9 ! m prosaic
 temp] ( ! next /age1 a /urdy manhood   
sometimes fla%es into poetry4  ,s ,john 
,wise1 a m9i/] b ! lead] ( ! popul> p>ty

 9 *ur* gov]nm5t1 /rikes ! high note (  
c\rage3 ,if m5 are tru/$ ) duty1 !y mu/ 
tru/ t1 & n ev5ts4  ,if m5 are plac$ at 
! helm to /e] 9 all wea!r t bl[s1 !y mu/
 n be afraid ( ! waves or a wet coat4   
,9 p]sonal religion !re 0 f ! outset !  
int5se /ruggle = an inw>d peace & joy1 )
 te>s & groan+s1--! victory sometimes   
f\nd1 sometimes miss$4  ,!re 0 a        
resolute fac+ ( :at 0 held z tru?4  ,!  
m9i/]s & laym5 battl$ ) ! problems ( !  
inf9ite4  ,! issue aft] two c5turies 0  
an op5 break f ,calv9ism 9 ,*ann+1 & !  
glad vision ( ,em]son4  ,a feature 9 !  
/ory is ! ,new ,engl&]'s relation )     
,nature z he f\nd h]1--fir/ l a t]rible 
p[] ( de/ruction1 by cold & hung]2 ?is  
he conqu]s by endurance4  ,!n =         
g5]ations he wr+s a h>d livelihood out (
 h]4  ,!n by 8 wits he makes h] s]ve him
 m completely4  ,at la/ h] beauty is    
disclos$ to him1--a beauty :i* has its  
roots 9 ! v /ruggles he has _h1 & !     
contra/s !y af=d1--no *ild ( ! tropics  
loves ,nature z he does4  ,s ( ! sea3   

fir/ he d>es x z explor] & voyag]2 !n he
 makes x 8 fe$+-gr\nd--cat*es ! cod &   
*ases ! :ale2 9 8 %ips he does battle   
aga9/ pirate & public foe2 he makes !   
deep ! highway ( 8 comm]ce2 & at la/ he 
feels its gr&eur1 into :i* ent]s !      
rem9isc5ce ( all 8 combats4  ,elem5ts   
:i* ,puritanism _h r5\nc$ came 9 lat] f 
o!r s\rces4 ,! fre% contact ) tru? &    
reality 0 giv5 by ,frankl94  ,! free joy
 ( religion1 its aggressive love1 came 9
 ,me?odism4  ,beautiful ritual return$ 9
 ,episcopacy4  ,! frank enjoym5t ( life 
develop$ 9 ! ,s\?1 transmitt$ f ! c\ntry
 life ( ! ,engli% squire & mell[$ on    
,am]ican soil4  ,at ! outset ( ! /ory ( 
,am]ica /&s ! ,puritan1 8 he>t set on   
subdu+ ! inf]nal elem5t & w9n+ !        
cele/ial2 reg>d+ ?is life z a /]n w>f>e1
 b ! possible pa?way to an inf9ite      
happ9ess beyond2 fi]ce to beat d[n !    
emiss>ies ( evil1--h]etic1 wit*1 or     
devil2 yet t5d] at inmo/ he>t1 & valiant
 = ! tru? z he sees x4  ,aft] a c5tury1 
behold ! ,yankee1--! %rewd1 toilful1    

?rifty occupant ( ! homely e>?2 "o side 
( 8 bra9 speculat+ on ! et]nities1 & !  
o!r side devis+ weal?1 com=t1 p]sonal & 
social good4  ,& to-day1 successor (    
,puritan & ,yankee1 ,cavali] & ,quak]1  
/&s ! ,am]ican1 composite ( a ?\s&      
elem5ts1 ) a de/9y :i* seems to hov]    
betwe5 heights & abysses1 b amid all ^: 
vicissitudes & faults we /ill see fai? &
 c\rage & manly purpose work+ t[>d a    
k+dom ( ,god on e>? & 9 heav54   ,!     
,prote/ant way ( salvation 0 ?r\gh      
exp]im5tal religion4 ,?is meant !       
appropriation z a p]sonal exp]i5ce ( !  
tru?s ( human guilt & div9e m]cy4  ,a   
man mu/ n only believe b int5sely feel t
 he 0 :olly guilty be=e ,god & 9 dang] (
 ev]la/+ damnation4  ,he mu/ !n h a     
vivid appreciation t ,*ri/ out ( pure   
love _h di$ = him1 & t on ?is gr\nd     
alone ,god (f]$ him p>don & salvation4  
,?is (f] he mu/ consci\sly accept1 )    
emotions ( pr(\nd remorse = 8 wrong-do+1
 gratitude = 8 deliv]ance1 & absolute   
dep5d5ce ^u div9e grace = help aga9/    

future s9 & = f9al reception to an      
endless heav54  ,to atta9 ?is exp]i5ce 0
 ! aim & goal ( ! religi\s man1 "u all !
 m /r5u\s =ms ( ,prote/antism4  ,until x
 0 rea*$1 all good actions1 all fair    
traits ( "*1 7 wor?less4 ,)\t x !re 0 no
 escape f ! unqu5*able fire4  ,if x came
 z a g5u9e exp]i5ce1 x 0 ! passage f    
dea? unto life4  ,b z !re 0 great       
possibility ( self-deception 9 ! matt]1 
! m9d 0 con/antly ?r[n back on          
self-exam9ation1 & 9 s5sitive natures   
!re 0 (t5 an alt]nation ( t]rors &      
transports4  ,?is exp]i5ce ( sav+ fai?1 
( exp]im5tal religion1 mu/ be translat$ 
= u into v diff]5t language & symbols f 
^? :i* our ance/ors us$ be=e we c h any 
sympa?y ) x4 ,p]haps ! true/ acc\nt ( ! 
matt] = u is some?+ l ?is3 ! ,*ri/ian   
!ology 0 a sy/em ( my?s1 :i* _h gr[n out
 ( facts ( human exp]i5ce4  ,! initial  
fact 0 a good man ^: love w5t out to bad
 m51 & woke 9 !m a s5se ( _! own wrong  
along ) a new joy & hope4  ,f ?is c5tre 
! influ5ce spread 9 wid5+ circles1 & 0  

gradually trans=m$ 9 ! expression1--mix$
 too ) e>li] notions1 ) crudities1 )    
sophi/ications1--until ,ju/ice & ,love &
 ,puni%m5t & ,=giv5ess 7 p]sonifi$ &    
dramatiz$ & a :ole cl\d-_w ( fancy built
 up4  ,already 9 ! age ( ! ,re=mation ! 
human intellect 0 sapp+ ! f\ndations ( !
 /ructure4  ,b ! religi\s imag9ation 0  
/ill int5sely susceptible1 & :5 ! moral 
s5se 0 %>ply awak5$ by ! re=m]s bo? )9 &
 )\t ! ,ca?olic *ur*1 x fell back on !  
imag9ation z its famili> ally1 & clo!d )
 new life ! anci5t =ms4  ,! ,ca?olic    
turn$ ) fre% ardor to mass & miracle &  
holy *ur*4  ,! ,prote/ant fell back on a
 m p]sonal & inw>d exp]i5ce2 he conceiv$
 t 9 ea* he>t & m9d ! :ole drama f ,ed5 
to ,calv>y & on to ! ,judgm5t ,day mu/  
be realiz$ & appropriat$ z ! work+      
pr9ciple ( life4  ,to ! my/ical1 !      
s5tim5tal1 ! self-confid5t1 x 0 a       
welcome & uplift+ ex]cise4  ,to ! timid 
& self-di/ru/ful x 0 a t]rible ordeal4  
,to ! intellectual x 0 a p]petual       
*all5ge to skepticism4  ,ev5 ,bunyan    

puts z 8 fir/ & wor/ temptation1 to "q !
 be+ ( ,god & ! tru? ( 8 gospel4  ,to ! 
prosaic & practical m9ds x made ! :ole  
bus9ess ( religion a dim & f>-away      
affair4   ,exp]im5tal religion 0 ! core 
( ,prote/antism = m ?an ?ree c5turies4  
,x 0 bl5d$ ) o!r elem5ts 9 a s]ies (    
great movem5ts4  ,9 ,puritanism x unit$ 
) an ascetic & militant temp]1 a        
metaphysical !ology1 a /]n rule ( life1 
& a conception ( ! nation z "u a div9e  
law l t ( anci5t ,israel4  ,!n came     
,quak]ism1 a religion ( ! quiet1 illum9$
 he>t1 & ! peaceful life4  ,next1       
,me?odism1 a wave ( aggressive love1    
seek+ to save o!rs :]e ,puritanism _h   
be5 self-sav+1 appeal+ less to ! head & 
m to ! he>t4  ,foll[+ ?is1 9 ,engl&1    
came ,evangelicalism1 a revival (       
self-consci\s exp]i5ce1 b fl[+ out n[ n 
only z 9 ,me?odism into a crusade to    
save s\ls1 b into labors = crim9als1 =  
slaves1 = ! poor1 "u su* lead]s z ,h[>d 
& ,wilb]=ce & ,%aftesbury4  ,^! phases  
are f ,engli% & ,am]ican hi/ory4  ,!y   

might l>gely be p>allel$ else:]e4  ,&   
along ) !m1 x is to be rememb]$1 w5t    
always n only a p>ty imbu$ ) ! ,ca?olic 
or high *ur* idea1 b also a mod]ate     
p>ty1 hold+ a m broadly & simply        
religi\s view4   ,p]haps ! mo/ effective
 type ( ,*ri/ianity has be5 ! simple    
acceptance ( ! famili> laws ( goodness1 
hav+ 9 ! ,bible _! express sanction1 ) a
 great promise & an awful w>n+ = !      
future1 & ! embodim5t ( hol9ess1 love1 &
 help1 9 ,*ri/4  ,?is has be5 ! religion
 ( a multitude ( fai?ful s\ls1 manly m5 
& womanly wom51 :o did n conc]n !mselves
 ) any elaborate !ology1 b w5t along _! 
daily way1 /rong 9 ob$i5ce to duty1     
tru/ful 9 a div9e guidance1 & ) s]5e    
hope = :at may come aft] dea?4  ,_! s\ls
 h be5 nurtur$ on :atev] 0 mo/ vital &  
mo/ t5d] 9 ! words ( ,scripture & !     
s]vices ( ! *ur*1 & :atev] 0            
un9telligible or innutritions !y h      
quietly pass$ by4  ,?is is ! ess5tial   
religion ( humanity1 made def9ite &     
vivid by accept$ symbols & rules1 & made

 w>m by ! s5se ( fell[%ip ) a great     
company4   ,recurr+ to ! successive     
phases ( religi\s ?\ght1 ! next         
developm5t ( ,prote/antism1 :ile 9 a    
s5se _w-wide1 may be mo/ cle>ly se5 9   
,am]ica4  ,by ,jona?an ,edw>ds !re 0    
begun ! application ( a rationaliz+     
process to ! !ology ( ,calv9 & to       
exp]im5tal religion4  ,9 ,edw>ds almo/ !
 only result 0 a m lurid & trem5d\s     
affirmation ( ! old dogma & ! old       
requirem5t4  ,b ! ,new ,engl& m9d1      
speculative1 practical1 & int5se1 work$ 
rapidly on4  ,9 ,*ann+ & 8 associates   
came ! r5unciation ( ,depravity1        
,atonem5t1 & ! ,tr9ity4  ,9 ! next      
g5]ation1 ,unit>ianism express$ itself  
?r\gh ,!odore ,p>k] z simple !ism4  ,a  
little lat] ?an ! ,unit>ian movem5t1 !  
old ,or?odoxy itself became trans=m$    
into a new ,or?odoxy4  ,! =emo/         
int]pret]s ( ! trans=mation 7 ,bu%nell &
 ,bee*]2 ,bu%nell translat+ ! ,atonem5t 
into t]ms ( purely natural goodness1--n 
z a transaction1 b an expression2 &     

,bee*] f9d+ 9 ,*ri/ simply ! tru? t     
,love is sov]eign ( ! univ]se4  ,to     
,bu%nell & ,bee*] ! hi/orical ,*ri/     
rema9$ 9 a unique s5se an inc>nation (  
,god4  ,by lat] voices ( ! new          
,or?odoxy--= example1 ,phillips         
,brooks--he is spok5 ( r z ! "o actual  
in/ance ( p]fect humanity1 & 9 ?is s5se 
a manife/ation ( ,god & ! spiritual     
lead] ( mank9d4   ,b = ?ree c5turies m5 
h be5 /udy+ ! facts ( exi/5ce f an      
entirely diff]5t side f t :5ce ! *ur*   
takes its outlook4  ,!y h be5 f9d+ out  
all k9ds ( curi\s facts1 totally        
unconnect$ ) any sup]natural sph]e4     
,fir/1 !y made su* discov]ies z t ! _w  
is n flat1 b r\nd2 n /ation>y1 b d\bly  
revolv+4  ,& s !y w5t on4  ,! />s1 !    
plants1 ! animals1 ! human body1 yield$ 
all mann] ( curi\s k4  ,new p[]s came   
into m5's h&s ?r\gh ?is k2 new av5ues to
 happ9ess 7 op5$4  ,facts wove !mselves 
toge!r 9 wid] & wid] comb9ations4       
,ord]ly proc$ure 0 f\nd :]e !re _h seem$
 su* confusion z only caprici\s spirits 

c\ld occasion4  ,x is le>n$1 too1 t ev5 
z ! individual man has gr[n up f        
babyhood1 s ! race ( man has gr[n up f !
 bea/4  ,! globe itself has gr[n f a    
simple orig9 into inf9ite div]sity &    
complexity4  ,!re has be5 a univ]sal1   
ord]ly gr[?1--:at we "n ,evolution4  ,& 
x is le>n$ t all m5tal ph5om5a1 s f> z  
we c explore !m1 /& 9 "s close relation 
to a physical basis 9 ! bra91 & to a    
tra9 ( physical antec$5ts4  ,& n[ ! m5  
:o h come up by ! pa? ( ?is k /& face to
 face ) ! m5 :o h be5 climb+ 9 ! pa? ^: 
signbo>ds are su* z ,duty1 ,wor%ip1     
,aspiration2 & ! "q arises1 ,d our pa?s 
lie h5ce=? toge!r1 or d !y sep>ate1 & is
 ! "o p>ty los+ its travel8   ,p]haps ! 
be/ example ( ! union ( ! two pursuits 9
 "o man is giv5 by ,b5jam9 ,frankl94    
,frankl9 work$ out1 ?r\gh a v g5u9e1    
homely1 & p]sonal exp]i5ce1 ! conviction
 t moral p]fection is ! only true aim4  
,he rea*$ ?is conviction :ile /ill a "y 
man1 & 9 ! ma9 t5or ( 8 life he 0       
fai?ful to x4  ,he made no vaunt ( 8    

religion1 f\nd$ no sect1 gave 8 words & 
de$s *iefly to practical affairs2 &     
p]haps few guess$1 until at ! close ( 8 
life he told 8 own /ory ) consummate    
*>m1 t ! secret motive & ma9spr+ ( 8    
life _h be5 ! same t animates ! sa9ts & 
saviors1--! ?ir/ = moral p]fection4  ,! 
motive & me?od _h be5 hidd51 b ! result 
_h long be5 cle> to ! eyes ( ! :ole _w4 
,frankl9's "* 0 rev]5c$ alike 9 ! c\rt (
 ,france & ! f>mh\ses ( ,p5nsylvania &  
,new ,engl&4  ,to ! ,old ,_w he seem$ ! 
h]oic & com+ man ( ! ,new ,_w1 side by  
side ) ,wa%+ton4  ,! ,virg9ian embodi$ !
 highe/ traditional virtues ( ! race1   
self-ma/]y1 pati5ce1 magnanimity1       
devotion to ! common good2 !            
,p5nsylvanian1 if less call$ on = !     
h]oic =ms ( antique virtue1 add$ to its 
sub/ance new traits ( wisdom1 progress1 
& happ9ess1--signs ( a bett] age to be4 
,moral p]fection 0 ,frankl9's secret &  
rul+ pr9ciple4  ,b 8 life 0 conspicu\sly
 engag$ 9 ! fields ( sci5ce & (         
/atesman%ip4  ,he 0 a lead] 9 explor+ ! 

mat]ial _w1 skillful to trace its       
secrets1 f]tile to apply !m to human    
use4  ,he 0 a pione] & f\nd] ( ! new    
nation1 project+ its union be=e o!rs _h 
desir$ or dream$ ( x2 %>+ 9 its fir/    
haz>d\s =tunes2 w9n+ by 8 p]sonal weight
 & wisdom ! =eign alliance :i* turn$ !  
scale ( victory2 lay+ ) ! o!r ma/]      
%ipwrights ! keel & ribs ( ! new        
,con/itution4  ,moral p]fection =       
himself1 &1 z ! outcome to ! _w1 n a new
 *ur* or a !ology or a mission>y        
ent]prise1 b a w9n+ ( ! =ces ( nature to
 ! s]vice ( man1 & a %ap+ ( ! social    
organism = ! b5efit ( all4  ,t is !     
orig9ality ( ,frankl91--t he c>ries !   
old moral purpose into ! new fields (   
sci5ce & ( social ord]+4  ,8 desire =   
moral p]fection & 8 confid5ce t !       
univ]se is ord]$ rightly are n dep5d5t  
on any vision>y s*eme ( heav5 & hell2 !y
 re/ n on any d\btful argum5t2 !y br+   
sanction f no transport mix$ ( s\l &    
s5se4  ,he walks firm on ! solid e>?4   
,he has f\nd = himself t goodness is !  

only ?+ t satisfies4 ,t ?is is an ord]$ 
univ]se comes home to him ) e /ep ( 8   
/udy ( actuality4  ,:at ne$ ( a         
sup]natural religion to a man :o f9ds   
religion 9 8 own nature & 9 ! nature ( !
 _w8  ,su* confid5ce & su* purpose are z
 old z ,socrates4  ,b come1 n[1 let u g 
:]e ,socrates did n g2 let u put ! ideas
 ( ,jesus & ,paul to "s fur!r           
application2 let u use our fre$om f pope
 & tyrant = "s solid good6  ,& s he goes
 on1 *e]fully & delight$ly1 to "q !     
?und]-cl\d & make acqua9tance ) its wild
 /e$s1--pres5tly "s "o w put !m 9       
h>ness4  ,he is always inv5t+4  ,n[ x is
 a /ove1 n[ x is a fire-brigade1--a     
public libr>y1--a po/-(fice1--a ,f$]al  
,union6  ,& be 8 inv5tion small] or     
great]1 he takes out no pat5t1 b t5d]s x
 freely into ! common /ock4   ,!        
prophets introduc+ ?is age are ,c>lyle &
 ,em]son4  ,c>lyle sees ! disease--he   
conv9ces ( s94  ,em]son sees ! solution4
  ,c>lyle reflects 9 8 own tr\bl$ nature
 ! disord] he portrays4  ,he is         

physically uns\nd2 8 dyspepsia          
exagg]ates to him ! evils ( ! _w4       
,em]son's discipl9$ & noble "* mirrors !
 pres5t & et]nal ord]1 & =eca/s its     
triumph4  ,c>lyle & ,em]son give two    
diff]5t phases ( life z exp]i5c$4       
,c>lyle gives ! exp]i5ce ( good &       
evil1--! trem5d\s sanctions ( "r aga9/  
wrong1 wisdom aga9/ folly4  ,he is n    
triumphant1 b he is n hopeless4  ,"w1 & 
despair n is to him ! m>*+ music ( !    
,teutonic race4  ,em]son1 f ! height (  
p]sonal victory1 sees all z h>moni\s4   
,"o %[s ! /ruggle up ! m\nta9 pa?1 ! o!r
 ! view f ! summit4  ,c>lyle's gospel is
 summ$ up 9 ,"w1 & despair n4  ,"w 0 8  
own addition to ,goe!'s l9e4  ,d ! duty 
t lies ne>e/ !e2 action1 z ! escape f ! 
puzzles ( ! intellect & ! griefs ( !    
he>t1 is 8 special message4  ,em]son is 
a precursor ( ! day :5 ,no man %all say 
to 8 neighbors1 ,"k ye ! ,"l1 = all %all
 "k him1 f ! lea/ unto ! greate/4  ,he  
is ! fir/ ( ! prophets to rise above    
anxiety z to ! success ( 8 mission4  ,he

 lives 8 life1 says 8 ^w1 %$s 8         
light--conc]n$ to be fai?ful1 b :olly   
unanxi\s z to p]sonal success4  ,z !    
tribes ( anci5t ,israel /ood array$1 !  
"o half on ,m\nt ,ebal1 ! o!r on ,m\nt  
,g]izim1--! "o to pron\nce ! bless+1 !  
o!r to utt] ! curse1--s ,em]son is l an 
embodi$ promise & ,c>lyle a p]petual    
w>n+4  ,9 ,em]son we see ! h]o          
triumphant & s]5e4  ,c>lyle %[s him at  
close grips ) ! devil4  ,pa91 dang]1    
difficulty1 /eady slav+ toil1 %all 9 no 
wise be %irk$ by any brighte/ mortal t w
 approve himself loyal to 8 mission 9   
?is _w2 nay1 precisely ! high] he is !  
deep] w be ! disagreeabl5ess1 & !       
dete/ability to fle% & blood1 ( ! tasks 
laid on him2 & ! heavi]1 too1 & m       
tragic1 8 p5alties if he neglect !m4    
,! backgr\nd = ,em]son is ! life ( e>ly 
,new ,engl&4  ,! secret ( ,new ,engl&'s 
greatness 0 ! comb9ation f ! fir/ ( !   
pr(\nde/ int]e/ 9 man's spiritual de/9y 
) ! close/ grip on homely facts4  ,9    
,calv9ism1 & 9 ,*ri/ianity1 ! univ]se 0 

at et]nal w> )9 itself2 ?is 0 man's     
projection ^u ! _w ( 8 own moral        
conflict4  ,em]son sees ! univ]se z a   
h>mony4  ,_m influ5ces h contribut$ to  
?is idea2 x becomes di/9ct & vivid 9 a  
man ^: own life is a moral h>mony4      
,himself truly a cosmos1 he recognizes !
 answ]+ tok5s ( ! great] cosmos4  ,!    
religi\s s5tim5t _h become s inwov5 )   
in/itutions1 cre$s1 usages1             
conv5tionalisms1--ea* man believ+       
because 8 neighbors d1 or 8 fa!r did1--t
 x 0 necess>y to take a new obs]vation4 
,:at says ! he>t ( man at its highe/8   
,= ?is ,em]son is s+l$ out2 = him an    
ance/ry is tra9$ ?r\gh g5]ations2 he is 
drawn ap>t f ! *ur*1 set aside f        
gov]nm5t & all in/itutional "w2         
practical functions are d5i$ him2 he is 
made an eye1--an organ ( pure vision4   
,to him ,god is n af> (f b 9 himself4   
,! he>t 9 its own purity1 t5d]ness1 &   
/r5g? recognizes ! ,div9e ,pres5ce4  ,! 
s\l gives itself1 alone1 orig9al1 &     
pure1 to ! ,lonely1 ,orig9al1 & ,pure1  

:o1 on t condition1 gladly inhabits1    
leads1 & speaks ?r\gh x4 ,! ord] (      
physical nature is ! symbol & ! in/rum5t
 ( a moral ord]4  ,! beauty & sublimity 
( nature are ! manife/ation ?r\gh s5se (
 ! ,div9e ,reality4  ,s high a          
revelation c come at fir/ only to s\ls  
:i* 9 _! greatness are isolat$1 z !     
highe/ m\nta9 peaks /& alone 9 ! e>lie/ 
sunbeams4  ,x is = a lat] "t to fit su* 
tru? to all ! conditions ( human life1  
to fully assimilate x ) old] lessons1 to
 weave x into ! w>p & wo( ( society4  ,x
 is ,em]son1 *ild ( ! ,puritan &        
disciple ( ! new k1 9 :om joy is mo/    
abid+--its roots are 9 fai?ful liv+1    
brave & high ?9k+1 ! _s ( love1 on5ess )
 nature & humanity4  ,em]son dwells 9 an
 ideal yet real _w4  ,he _c give !      
password t w c]ta9ly admit2 inh]itance &
 temp]am5t mu/ contribute to t4  ,b he  
sees t "o pr9ciple is ! rightful        
sov]eign 9 8 inn] _w & 9 !              
univ]se1--allegiance to highe/ kn[n law4
  ,x is a sublimation ( ! idea famili>  

to ! religi\s m9d1 b he gives x a new & 
l>g] int]pretation2 =1 9 place ( !      
writt5 ,^w1 beyond ! social & civic     
obligation1 great] ?an ! accept$        
moralities1 sup]s$+ ! ecclesia/ical     
virtues1 wid] ?an ! ov]work$ altruism ( 
,*ri/ianity1 is ! complete ideal ( ,man1
 f 8 r\ghe/ =ce to 8 f9e/ p]ception4    
,talk ab\t duty _h become we>isome4  ,?\
 %alt n prea*6 says ,em]son4  ,s he     
disc\rses z ! obs]v] ( man & nature1 &  
bids m5 to look at realities4  ,8       
imitators 7 beguil$ into a !oretical    
exposition ( ! univ]se4  ,a s5se (      
?9ness & unreality accompanies mu* ( _! 
talk1 because x is n1 l ,em]son's1 9    
con/ant t\* ) active duty & fre%        
obs]vation4  ,8 ideal includes wor%ip1 b
 to ?is he br+s above all ! quality (   
s9c]ity4  ,he w n obs]ve a sacram5t :i* 
has lo/ its significance to him4  ,he w 
n use language ( a p]sonal ,god :i* is n
 natural to him1 nor affirm a c]ta9ty z 
to immortality :5 8 conviction is n     
always cle>4  ,b he has ! pr(\nde/ s5se 

& ! simple/ expression ( t reality :i*  
we call ! pres5ce ( ,god 9 man4  ,9 him 
x is n involv$ ) miracle or metaphysic2 
x is a p]sonal exp]i5ce1 ! s\rce (      
humility1 en]gy1 & peace4  ,i recognize 
! di/9ction ( ! out] & inn] self2 !     
d\ble consci\sness t )9 ?is err+1       
passionate1 mortal self sits a supreme1 
calm1 immortal m9d1 ^: p[]s ,i d n "k1 b
 x is /rong] ?an ,i2 x is wis] ?an ,i2 x
 nev] approv$ me 9 any wrong2 ,i seek   
c\nsel ( x 9 my d\bts2 ,i repair to x 9 
my dang]s2 ,i pray to x 9 my und]tak+s4 
,x seems to me ! face :i* ! ,creator    
uncov]s to 8 *ild4  ,em]son repres5ts   
?\ght 9 its highe/ =m--p]ception1       
vision4  ,! _w int]pret$ by su* vision  
supplies motive1 support1 & rapture4 ,he
 is ess5tially & above all a poet1 & to 
:oev] c foll[ him he op5s a cele/ial _w 
9 :i* ! homelie/ e>?ly fact is irradiat$
 by indwell+ div9ity4  ,em]son's escape 
f evil is by ris+ to su* a height (     
contemplation t evil is se5 z only an   
elem5t ( good4  ,he sits l an a/ronom]1 

view+ ! procession ( ! worlds 9 _!      
sublime h>mony4  ,= mo/ m51 ! j> & du/ (
 daily life l>gely %ut out t glori\s    
view4  ,!y cat* hope & /r5g? f ! voice (
 ! se] ^u 8 heights4  ,b !y ne$ o!r     
help2 !y ne$ "s "o by _! side2 !y ne$ ! 
love ( a /rong] bro!r1 :o takes _! h&4  
,?is m5 f\nd 9 ,jesus ! fri5d ( s9n]s1  
:o w5t ab\t do+ good2 !y idealiz$ x z   
,*ri/--a div9ity :o took ^u him ! =m ( a
 s]vant4  ,! high] /oop+ to ! l[] is    
/ill ! _w's salvation4   ,9 tea*+1      
,em]son g5]aliz$ = all m5 f 8 own       
exp]i5ce4  ,he said1 ,be y\rself6       
,foll[ ! law ( y\r own nature4  ,tru/ ! 
all-mov+ ,_s4  ,be above conv5tion &    
rule1 above vulg>ities & insipidities4  
,give way to ! ,god )9 y6  ,lit]ally    
obey$1 x 0 insuffici5t advice = mo/ m51 
= x ignor$ :at ,em]son's mode/y =bade   
him to recognize1--! va/ diff]5ce betwe5
 8 own nature & b5t & t ( mo/ m54  ,:5  
ord9>y m5 & wom5 tri$ to imitate him !  
result 0 sometimes a lam5table failure4 
,b he 0 g5u9e & l(ty always4  ,he fail$ 

9 no homely duty4  ,! great trial &     
discipl9e to him 0 ! alt]nation 9       
himself ( ! commonplace ) ! high4  ,9   
individuals he 0 =ev] disappo9t$1 always
 look+ = h]oes1 sa9ts1 & saviors1 &     
seldom f9d+ !m4  ,8 own "w bore little  
visible fruit2 8 own tea*+ fell = a long
 "t on scornful e>s4  ,?is p]petual     
disappo9tm5t he took ) p]petual         
con/ancy1 always s]5e "u disappo9tm5t1  
graci\s to ! dull1 indiff]5t to fame1   
c>eless ( 8 own obscurity4 ,! typical   
man ( lett]s has 8 own besett+          
s9s1--neglect ( homely duties1          
self-consci\sness1 vanity1--f all ( :i* 
,em]son 0 free4  ,! faults we allege    
aga9/ 8 philosophy--its scanty          
recognition ( s9 & sorr[--7 ! natural   
incid5ts ( 8 "* & "w4 ,!y d n debase1   
?\gh !y sometimes limit1 8 influ5ce =   
good2 8 is always ! spee* ( an angel2 x 
/r5g!ns1 uplifts1 gladd5s u4  ,!re are  
o!r angels to :om we mu/ li/51--o!rs1   
p]haps1 :o speak m ne>ly ! spee* ( our  
own exp]i5ce1--b 8 music always *ords ) 

!irs4  ,9 ,em]son1 a s\l inh]it+        
c5turies ( ,ca?olic & ,puritan tra9+1   
until ob$i5ce 0 its in/9ct & purity its 
native atmosph]e1--a s\l end[$ )        
g5ius1--spread its w+s & flew ) !       
sudd5ness & joy ( a "y bird's fir/      
flight4  ,he saw good ev]y:]e1 beauty   
ev]y:]e1 & 0 glad ) ! gladness ( a se] &
 savior4  ,he is "o ( ^? ( :om he       
speaks1 z belong+ to a bett] _w :i* is  
yet to come1 & :o t\* u ) a s5se ( a    
heav5 on :i* we are j beg9n+ to ent]4   
,?\gh he pr(esses an ideali/ philosophy1
 & t way ( ?9k+ c be trac$ 9 all 8      
writ+s1 he nev] makes ( x a cre$ or     
dogma4 ,8 *ildr5 are welcome to wor%ip 9
 ! *ur* :i* has lo/ its attraction =    
him4  ,! skeptic may freely "q          
immortality1--nay1 ,em]son himself      
sometimes feels unc]ta9ty4  ,! p]sonal  
,god1 & man's p]sonal immortality1 :i* !
 ideali/ is wont to affirm z def9ite    
c]ta9ties1 ,em]son w n explicitly av[ or
 def9e4  ,univ]sal good1 beauty1        
ord]1--^! he sees1 feels1 is sure (4    

,:at =m belongs to !m1 let ea* imag9e z 
be/ he c4  ,s free1 s g5]\s1 s simply   
true is he t n only m5 ( an ideali/ way 
( ?9k+1 b all /rong & high s\ls own     
impulse f him1--! sci5ti/1 ! positivi/1 
! *ur*man4  ,8 di/9ctive note is n      
self-abnegation1 b x is ! note :i* ) t  
makes a p]fect h>mony4  ,joy 9 ,god &   
self-sacrific+ love are ! two w+s ( !   
angelic life4  ,long h ! prea*]s taught 
self-sacrifice1--n[ let "o *ild ( ,god  
s+ ! joy ( ,god6   ,! late/ *apt] 9 !   
/ory ( ! high] life is ! conception (   
man & ! _w :i* has gr[n up "u ! influ5ce
 ( mod]n sci5ce4  ,! mo/ orig9al &      
effective expression ( ?is philosophy is
 giv5 by ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4  ,:at new light 
does ! evolution>y philosophy ?r[ on    
man's *ief problem1 ! "r conduct ( 8 own
 life8  ,fir/1 x def9es ) cle>ness two  
great =ces :i* be> on ! individual life1
 z ,h]$ity & ,environm5t4  ,next1 x     
def9es ! ideal to be s\ght1 by reaffirm+
 9 sub/ance ! famili> conception ( human
 morality1 %[+ its sanctions on purely  

natural gr\nds1 & giv+ new applications 
& ext5sions ( its pr9ciples4  ,& f9ally1
 comp>$ ) ! traditional !ology1 x leads 
to a new conception ( ! relation betwe5 
man & ! high] p[]1 & necessitates1 :at  
,sp5c] does n supply1 a new expression (
 ! religi\s life4  ,! discov]y ( ,d>w91 
supply+ ! f9al l9k to ! gr[+ pro(s ( !  
evolution>y developm5t ( man1 op5$ an   
amaz+ panorama ( ! pa/ hi/ory ( !       
planet's inhabitants4  ,! pr$ecessors & 
successors ( ,d>w9 add$ to ! panorama "o
 aft] ano!r sc5e ( wond]4  ,! /&po9t (  
?\ght seem$ :olly *ang$1 & a readju/m5t 
necess>y :i* ?reat5$ ov]?r[ to all ! old
 cre$s & /&>ds4  ,sp5c]1 :o has be5 !   
mo/ successful 9 g5]aliz+ ! new k1 comes
 back to ! inquiry1 ,by :at law %all man
 guide 8 own conduct8  ,8 answ] is      
sub/antially a reaffirmation ( !        
pr9ciples :i* good m5 h ackn[l$g$ = _m  
ages4  ,:atev] else is *ang$1 x rema9s  
true t ju/ice1 fidelity1 *a/ity1 honor1 
reg>d = o!rs1 are man's safe/ guides & 8
 lawful rul]s4 ,altruism is only a new  

^w = ! gold5 rule4  ,b ! advance (      
society has br\ght wid] & f9]           
applications3 ! claim ( ! :ole community
 comes clos] home2 ! pr9ciples :i* h be5
 recogniz$ )9 ! *ur* & ! neighborhood   
mu/ be c>ri$ on to re%ape in/itutions1  
indu/ries1 ! :ole social organism4  ,!  
moral idea is ?us reaffirm$ & ext5d$1 b 
h[ c man atta9 t ideal8  ,by us+ 8 free 
w1 said ! ,/oic4  ,by ! grace ( ,god    
obta9$ ?r\gh pray]1 said ! ,*ri/ian4    
,is man !n free1 or is he ! passive     
creature ( a great] p[]1 & ( :at nature 
is t p[]8  ,n[1 :]e !ologians h s\ght to
 def9e ! ,deity1 & to conceive 8        
gov]nm5t ( 8 creatures 9 t]ms ( a       
p]sonal affection & w1 sci5ti/s1 cont5t+
 !mselves ) obs]vation ( facts1 h %[n t 
ea* man is :at he is & does :at he does 
p>tly because ( :at 8 p>5ts & remot]    
ance/ors 7 & did be=e him1 & p>tly      
because ( ! =ces ( climate1 in/itutions1
 education1 companion%ip1 ev5t1 :i*     
surr\nd him f 8 bir? to 8 grave4        
,h]$ity & ,environm5t1 ^! are          !

 h&s   ,t rea* ?r\gh ,nature1 m\ld+     
,man4   ,x looks at fir/ z if ! old     
dispute betwe5 free w & necessity 7     
settl$ at la/1 & man 7 inde$ a creature 
( inscrutable fate4 ,yet1 9 ! v act (   
ackn[l$g+ c]ta9 ideals ( "* z desirable1
 we become consci\s ( an impulse &      
initial ef=t--call x automatic or call x
 volunt>y--t[>d atta9+ ^? ideals4  ,z a 
matt] ( practice1 we spe$ily recognize t
 bo? ,h]$ity & ,environm5t are 9 a      
degree "u human control4  ,if !y are    
deities1 !y are accessible to pray]s1 ! 
pray]s :i* are wat*fulness & ob$i5ce4   
,man is always at "w to bett] !         
environm5t ( himself & 8 fell[s4  ,z he 
sees m cle>ly t 8 true good is "* & !   
noble self1 he %apes 8 environm5t m     
intellig5tly & resolutely to t end4  ,z 
to h]$ity1 :ile ! individual is p[]less 
ov] 8 own lot1 he is 9 a degree pot5tial
 ov] ^? :o are to succe$ him4  ,!       
conception ( duty is enl>g$ by !        
obligations ( m>riage & p>5?ood1 9 a    
wise selection & ?\ghtful c>e = ! future

 (fspr+4  ,h]$ity & ,environm5t1 !n1 are
 p>tly ! s]vants ( man4  ,yet l>gely !y 
are 8 lords & ma/]s4  ,9 a degree1 b    
only 9 a degree1 d we make ourselves :at
 we are4  ,& :ile ! degree ( t          
self-det]m9+ p[] c nev] be kn[n1 we le>n
 to be *>itable t[>d o!rs & exact+ t[>d 
ourselves4  ,! new philosophy has its   
*ief be>+ on conduct1 n 9 ab/ract       
conceptions ab\t fate1 free w1 &        
responsibility1 b 9 ! /imulus x gives to
 f9d new tools & weapons ( moral        
a*ievem5t4 ,h[ %all we make m5 good8    
,no long] by ! m]e appeal to reason2 no 
long] ma9ly by promise ( heav5 & ?reat (
 hell4  ,/ill appeal+ to reason1 to hope
 & fe>1 to imag9ation1 we mu/ g on to   
put ab\t m5 all /imulat+ influ5ces1 all 
guid+ appliances4  ,we mu/ beg9 9 !     
=mative /age4  ,! hope ( ! future is 9 !
 *ild2 we mu/ educate ! *ild by putt+   
him 9 true t\* ) realities1--realities (
 =m1 color1 & numb]2 ( plant & animal   
life2 ( play & pleasure2 ( imag9ation2 (
 sympa!tic companion%ip2 ( a m9iature   

society2 ( a firm yet g5tle gov]nm5t4   
,! education mu/ g on ?r\gh y\?1 & mu/  
introduce him to indu/ry n z drudg]y b z
 f9e a*ievem5t4  ,s ( e phase (         
humanity4  ,! crim9al is to be met n )  
m]e p5alty b ) rem$ial treatm5t4  ,9 !  
sordid qu>t] mu/ be plant$ a settlem5t  
:i* %all radiate true neighborhood4  ,! 
/ate mu/ be s ord]$ z be/ to promote !  
mat]ial good & ! ess5tial manhood ( its 
citiz5s4  ,! *ur* mu/ s]ve "s di/9ct    
purpose--( e?ical guidance1 ( emotional 
uplift1 ( social s]vice--9 "*-build+4   
,su* are ! =ces to :i* we n[ are turn+4 
,:]e anci5t philosophy appeal$ ?r\gh !  
lectur] at 8 desk1 :]e ,*ri/ianity s5t  
its mission>y to proclaim a fai?1 or set
 its prie/ to celebrate mass1 or its    
m9i/] to prea* a s]mon1--9 place ( ^!   
p>tial res\rces we n[ realize t e normal
 activity ( humanity is to s]ve 9 build+
 up man1 & t ! true *ur* ( ,god is      
organiz$ human society4  ,! *ur* (      
,god1--b has man a ,god8  ,!re is1 says 
,sp5c]1 "s inscrutable p[] f :i* all ?is

 va/ proc$ure spr+s2 its nature we "k n 
& _c "k4  ,! ?\ght ( x moves u to wond] 
& awe1--& ?is is ! legitimate           
satisfaction ( ! religi\s s5se4 ,& "h x 
is t 8 philosophy utt]ly fails to       
satisfy4  ,yet x m>ks ! pass+ away ( !  
attempt to int]pret ,deity 9 t]ms (     
exact k4  ,:atev] =m religion may       
h]eaft] we>1 ! old precision ( /atem5t  
mu/ be ab&on$2 ! intellect mu/ be m     
humble4  ,& fur!r1 ! ,sp5c]ian view is  
:olly diff]5t f a!ism4  ,x leaves ! door
 op54  ,x recognizes t "s supreme       
reality exi/s beyond & above man4  ,t   
reality is n intelligible to ! intellect
 :i* analyzes & g5]alizes4  ,b may x n  
be approa*able ?r\gh ano!r side ( man's 
nature1--accessible ?r\gh gates l ^? by 
:i* "o human _s recognizes ano!r human  
_s8  ,! evolution>y philosophy1 9 an    
enl>g$ con/ruction1 rais$ no b>ri] aga9/
 ! access to div9ity ?r\gh ! noble/     
ex]cise ( humanity4  ,live ! p]sonal    
life t[>d ! highe/ ideals1 ) ! fai?fule/
 endeavor1--& peace1 tru/1 hope1 spr+ up

 9 ! s\l4  ,s does man f9d access to !  
supreme p[]2 s does he f9d himself      
encompass$ & upborne by x2 s is he drawn
 into close/ union ) 8 fell[-creatures &
 ) ! div9e s\rce ( all4  ,x is ! old    
answ] & ! new2 x is figur$ 9 ! ,hebrew's
 assurance t ! ,"l love? ! righte\s2 x  
gives /r5g? & c\rage to ,epictetus2 x   
inspires ! confid5ce ( ,jesus1 ! lov+ & 
holy s\l f9d+ its heav5ly ,fa!r2 x      
speaks ) glad voice 9 ,em]son1--cont5t+ 
himself ) ob$i5ce1 man becomes div9e4   
,! ess5tial tru? is old1 b 9 our day x  
is be+ dis5cumb]$ ( ! husk ( my? & dogma
 :i* obscur$ x2 :ile by ! gr[? ( new    
p[]s & f9] s5sibilities 9 man 8 access  
to highe/ reality becomes m intimate4   
,z ! evolution>y philosophy has already 
reaffirm$1 cl>ifi$1 & enri*$ ! moral    
life1 s1 bl5d+ ) ! cle>e/ int]pretation 
( man's deepe/ exp]i5ce1 x is to        
reaffirm1 purify1 & deep5 ! religi\s    
life4   ,"o disciple ( ,sp5c] has appli$
 h]self ) great g5ius & art to creative 
fiction4  ,george ,eliot is a ?or\gh    

,sp5c]ian1 & %e is con/antly1           
effectively1 almo/ ) ov]-insi/5ce1 a    
morali/4  ,life may be ru9$ by          
self-indulg5ce1--t is h] p]petual !me4  
,( wide range & v>iety1 %e is p[]ful    
above all 9 pictur+ ! appeal (          
temptation1 ! gradual surr5d]1 ! fatal  
consequ5ce4  ,%aksp]e does n %[ ! inn]  
spr+s ( ! fall ( ,macbe? or ,angelo s   
cle>ly z %e %[s ! cata/rophe ( ,ar?ur   
,donni?orne1 ( ,tito ,melema1 ( ,gw5dol5
 ,h>le?4  ,read]s f :om ! ?reat ( hell  
w\ld fall (f z an old wife's tale1 feel 
! d>k p[] ( reality 9 ! mis*ief :i* dogs
 ea* ( h] wrong-do]s4  ,m scantly1 & )  
gr[+ infrequ5ce1 !re are sc5es ( a      
natural gospel ( r$emption &            
salvation1--,hetty rea*$ 9 h] mis]y by !
 ,*ri/ian love ( ,d9ah1 ,silas ,m>n] won
 back to happ9ess by ! little *ild1     
,gw5dol5 sav$ f h] selfi%ness ?r\gh dire
 disa/] & a /rong man's help4  ,!       
prevail+ atmosph]e ( ,george ,eliot's   
lat] books is sad1 & ! sadness deep5s z 
!y g on4  ,a labor$1 ov]-/r5u\s tone    

increases2 ! /yle loses 9 simplicity &  
is ov]burd5$ ) reflection4  ,! note (   
/ruggle is ev]y:]e pres5t1 & %uts out   
repose1 fre$om1 joy4  ,! s5sitive read] 
c h>dly escape an und]tone (            
sugge/ion1--yes1 life mu/ be made ! be/ 
(1 b x seems sc>cely wor? ! co/4  ,is x 
! entire abs5ce ( any outlook beyond ?is
 life :i* makes ! gloom ( ! lat] works8 
,yet ?is seems only p>tially to expla94 
,"o seeks inevitably ! clew to ! writ+ 9
 ! life4 ,george ,eliot's /ory z a woman
 is an op5 "o4  ,%e took z h] life      
companion a man :o 0 legally unit$ to   
ano!r woman4  ,h] ju/ification app>5tly 
0 t !y 7 suit$ to ea* o!r1 & t ) !      
support ( ?is mutual tie !y c\ld be/ d  
_! "w4 ,/at$ 9 pla9 t]ms1 ! moral "q    
involv$ seems h>dly to admit ( any      
debate4  ,!re is no m vital po9t 9      
social morality ?an ! relation ( !      
sexes1 & ,george ,eliot's own tea*+     
rev]ts mo/ (t5 to ?is topic1 & always ) 
its emphasis on re/ra9t4  ,h] actual    
c\rse assum$ t ! e/abli%$ & accept$ law 

( society may be set aside by a man &   
woman ^u _! own judgm5t t _! ne$ ( ea*  
o!r is p>am\nt to ! social law4  ,a     
position m contradictory to h] av[$     
pr9ciples c\ld h>dly be /at$4  ,x 0 no  
new claim ( immunity2 x _h be5 pr(ess$ &
 prea*$1 especially on ! ,cont95t1 )    
results pat5t to all1 ( ! subv]sion (   
social f\ndations2 x m>ks ! especial    
dang]-po9t ( a "t ( swiftly *ang+ /&>ds4
  ,x is impossible n to feel t h] c\rse 
0 a prec$5t & example 9 flat            
contradiction ( ! tea*+ %e s assidu\sly 
gave4  ,d\btless %e p]suad$ h]self %e 0 
"r1 b su* p]suasion mu/ h involv$1 ! mo/
 dang]\s sophi/ication :i* besets man 9 
8 grop+ /ruggle1--a claim by a lead] =  
exemption f ! common obligation on !    
plea t 8 welf>e 7t is1 8 com=t7 is      
especially necess>y = ! good ( mank9d4  
,z "o reads ,george ,eliot's pages ) h] 
own /ory 9 m9d1 ! %ad[s are heavy4  ,9 !
 ov]-active1 re/less reflections1 "o    
feels ! work+ ( a m9d incessantly       
ex]cis$ by its own self-def5se4  ,!     

sugge/ion comes to u ( a nature :i* has 
lavi%$ all its en]gies on ?9k+1 & lack$ 
/r5g? = liv+1 & s has fail$ ( t vision  
:i* comes n f ?\ght b f life4  ,! cramp+
 horizon1 ! l[ sky1 ! e>?ly limit )9 :i*
 love sadd5s & hope dies1--all seem to  
bespeak t loss ( true/ t\* ) ! univ]se  
:i* comes :5 "o is n true 9 act to ! law
 he ackn[l$ges4  ,! s5se ( a trag$y 9   
h]self1 m pa!tic ?an any %e has depict$1
 t\*es u ) awe1 ) t5d]ness1 )           
compuncti\s ?\ght ( our own failures4   
,we are purifi$ by t]ror & by pity4   ,!
 l>ge/ wisdom & ! f9e/ insight ( our age
 are bl5d$ 9 ,t5nyson's ,9 ,memoriam4   
,writt5 half a c5tury ago1 its tru? n   
less ?an its beauty /&s un%ak5 by ! lat]
 ?\ght & k4 ,ant$at+ ! "w ( ,d>w9 &     
,sp5c]1 x accepts ! pr9ciples (         
,evolution4  ,its atmosph]e is :olly    
mod]n4  ,x is p]vad$ by ! s5tim5t (     
,*ri/ian fai?1 b x does n lean = support
 on dogma or miracle4  ,! difficulties x
 enc\nt]s are nei!r ! t]ror 9 ! old view
 ( ! h]eaft] nor ! problems incid5t to !

 sup]natural !ology4  ,! poet /&s be=e !
 amaz+ spectacle ( nature z se5 by      
sci5ce1 behold+ along ) its prodigal    
beauty its appall+ de/ruction & its     
unsw]v+ m>*4  ,x is no long] hell1 b    
ext9ction1 :i* seems to ?reat5 man4  ,! 
intellectual problem ( ! univ]se is     
fac$1 b ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* x is se5 is ! 
exp]i5ce ( a human he>t fill$ by a sacr$
 love & !n /ruck by b]eavem5t4  ,x is ! 
old1 typical1 deepe/ exp]i5ce (         
man1--love confront$ by dea?4  ,! poem  
moves l a symphony1 weav+ toge!r        
requiem1 cradle-song1 battle-m>*1 &     
psalm1 to a consummation ( t5d] &       
maje/ic peace4 ,z ! recurr5t !me :i*    
gov]ns ! :ole may be tak5 ?is3---    ,h[
 pure at he>t & s\nd 9 head1     ,) :at 
div9e affection bold1     ,%\ld be ! man
 ^: ?\ghts w\ld hold   ,an h\r's        
communion ) ! dead4  ,^! are !          
conditions1--fidelity1 sanity1 div9ely  
bold affections2 ?is is ! fruition1 !   
s5se ( a my/ic communion ) ! unse5      
fri5d4  ,"o passage gives !             

reconciliation betwe5 ! evolution>y view
 ( ! univ]se & a div9e possibility = !  
individual4  ,! evolution>y process (   
nature is reg>d$ z ! type ( ! developm5t
 ( ! s\l3---    ,contemplate all ?is "w 
( ,"t1     ,! giant labor+ 9 8 y\?2     
,nor dream ( human love & tru?1   ,z dy+
 ,nature's e>? & lime2    ,b tru/ t ^?  
we call ! dead     ,are brea!rs ( an    
ampl] day     ,= ev] nobl] ends4  ,!y   
say1   ,! solid e>? :]eon we tread    ,9
 tracts ( flu5t heat began1     ,& grew 
to seem+-r&om =ms1     ,! seem+ prey (  
cyclic /orms1   ,till at ! la/ arose !  
man2    ,:o ?rove & bran*$ f clime to   
clime1     ,! h]ald ( a high] race1     
,& ( himself 9 high] place1   ,if s he  
type ?is "w ( "t    ,)9 himself1 f m to 
m2     ,or1 cr[n$ ) attributes ( woe    
,l glories1 move 8 c\rse1 & %[   ,t life
 is n z idle ore1    ,b iron dug f      
c5tral gloom1     ,& heat$ hot ) burn+  
fe>s1     ,& dipt 9 ba?s ( hiss+ te>s1  
,& batt]$ ) ! %ocks ( doom    ,to %ape &
 use4  ,arise & fly     ,! reel+ ,faun1 

! s5sual fea/2     ,move upw>d1 work+   
out ! bea/1   ,& let ! ape & tig] die4  
,?us d ! moral purpose & ! immortal hope
 def9e !mselves 9 ! t]ms ( ! new        
philosophy4  ,h[ are !y relat$ to ! t]ms
 ( ! old religion8  ,! poet's attitude  
t[>d ! hi/oric ,*ri/ is :olly rev]5t4   
,incid5ts ( ! gospel /ory are vivifi$ by
 a creative imag9ation4  ,b ,*ri/ is no 
long] an isolat$ hi/oric fact2 he is !  
symbol ( all div9e influ5ce & cele/ial  
pres5ce1--! ,*ri/ t is to be4  ,!       
resurrection /ory is rev]5tly t\*$1 b x 
is n ^u ?is z a pro( or argum5t t ! poet
 dwells 9 rega9+ 8 lo/ fri5d "u a high] 
relation4  ,t exp]i5ce is to him        
p]sonal1 at fir/ h&4  ,8 com=t is n     
solely t 9 "s future heav5 he %all rejo9
 8 ,ar?ur4  ,! belov$ "o comes to him n[
 9 mom5ts ( highe/ consci\sness2        
associat$ pr(\ndly1 my/]i\sly1 vitally1 
) ! faire/ aspects ( nature1 ) ! l(tie/ 
purposes ( ! w1 ) ! mo/ sympa!tic reg>d 
( all fell[ creatures4  ,9 ! exp]i5ce   
:i* is supremely voic$ 9 ,9 ,memoriam1 b

 :i* is also record$ 9 _m an utt]ance   
:i* ! att5tive e> may disc]n1 we        
recognize ?is3 t ! s5se ( ! ris5 ,*ri/  
:i* inspir$ 8 disciples & f\nd$ ! *ur* 0
 9 tru? an in/ance--clad 9 imag9ative1  
pictorial =m--( :at proves to be an     
abid+ law ( human nature--! vivid       
realization ( ! cont9u$ & high] exi/5ce 
( a noble & belov$ life4  ,we may       
believe t 9 ! progress ( ! race ?is     
faculty is be+ develop$4  ,9 its fir/   
em]g5ce x 0 confus$ by crude            
mis9t]pretations4  ,a s+le in/ance ( x 0
 = two ?\s& ye>s con/ru$ z a unique     
ev5t1 ! rev]sal ( ord9>y proc$ure1 & !  
basis ( a sup]natural religion4  ,n[ at 
la/ we correlate x ) o!r exp]i5ces1 &   
int]pret x z a "p ( ! univ]sal ord]4    
,t5nyson expresses t pres5t heav5 :i* is
 sometimes reveal$ to ! s\l3--          
,/range fri5d1 pa/1 pres5t1 & to be2    
,lov$ deepli]1 d>kli] und]/ood2         
,behold1 ,i dream a dream ( good1   ,&  
m+le all ! _w ) !e4    ,?y voice is on !
 roll+ air2     ,i he> !e :]e ! wat]s   

run2     ,?\ /&e/ 9 ! ris+ sun1   ,& 9 !
 sett+ ?\ art fair4    ,:at art ?\1 !n8 
,i _c guess2     ,b ?\gh ,i seem 9 /> & 
fl[]     ,to feel !e "s diffusive p[]1  
,i d n !re=e love !e less3    ,my love  
involves ! love be=e2     ,my love is   
va/] passion n[2     ,?\gh mix$ ) ,god &
 ,nature ?\1   ,i seem to love !e m & m4
    ,f> (f ?\ art1 b ev] nigh2     ,i h 
!e /ill1 & ,i rejoice2     ,i prosp]1   
circl$ ) ?y voice2   ,i %all n lose !e  
?\gh ,i die4   ,two m5 beyond all o!rs 9
 ,am]ica h int]pret$ ! high] life4      
,em]son reveal$ x ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ?\ght1
 beauty1 & joy4 ,l9coln %[$ x 9 action1 
sympa?y1 & suff]+4  ,l9coln _h ! deepe/ 
crav+s ( love1 ( ambition1 & ( religion4
 ,8 love br\ght him fir/ to b]eavem5t   
:i* %ook 8 reason1 !n to ! daily trag$y 
( an unhappy m>riage4  ,8 ambition--he  
said :5 he ent]$ 8 conte/ ) ,d\glas--_h 
prov$ a failure1 a flat failure4 ,9 8   
crude y\? he exult$ 9 ! rejection (     
,*ri/ianity2 !n he felt ! pressure (    
life's problems1 & 0 p[]less be=e !m4   

,he c\ld believe only :at 0 prov$1--all 
beyond 0 a sad my/]y4  ,he bore himself 
= _m ye>s ) hone/y1 k9dness1 humor1     
sadness1 & inf9ite pati5ce4  ,he did n =
 a :ile rise to ! p]ception ( ! highe/  
tru? 9 politics1 b he 0 fai?ful to :at  
he did see4  ,he liv$ 9 close/ contact )
 ord9>y m5 & knew !m ?or\ghly4  ,8 tra9+
 0 z a lawy] & a politician4  ,?is      
br\ght him 9 t\* ) ! e-day actuality &  
all its h>d & mean facts4  ,he 0        
discipl9$ 9 t attempt to rea* ju/ice "u 
a code ( laws :i* is ! practical        
adm9i/ration ( society1 di/9ct f !      
ideali/'s vision ( p]fection4  ,! "t    
came :5 9 ! new bir? ( politics he rose 
to ! p]ception ( a great moral          
pr9ciple1--! nation's duty t[>d slav]y4 
,at ! same "t1 8 ambition aga9 saw its  
opportunity4  ,he _h a /rong man's love 
( p[]1 b he delib]ately subord9at$ 8    
p]sonal success to 8 convictions :5 he  
risk$ & lo/ ! fight ) ,d\glas = !       
s5ator%ip by ! h\se-divid$-aga9/-itself 
spee*4  ,9 ! anxi\s int]val betwe5 8    

election & inauguration1 he w5t ?r\gh1 z
 he said long aft]w>d1 a process (      
cry/allization1--a religi\s             
consecration4  ,he made no talk ab\t x1 
b all 8 words & acts !nce=? %[ a        
selfless1 devot$ temp]4  ,he bore       
incalculable burd5s & p]plexities = !   
sake ( ! p4 ,he met ! va/ complication (
 =ces :i* mix 9 politics & w>--!        
selfi%ness1 hatr$1 meanness1 triviality1
 along ) ! high] elem5ts--) ! r>e/ union
 ( %rewdness1 flexibility1 &            
/eadfa/ness4  ,8 humor sav$ him f be+   
cru%$4  ,! atmosph]e he liv$ 9 p]mitt$  
no illusions4  ,politics1 said he1 is ! 
art ( comb9+ individual meannesses = !  
g5]al good4  ,he came to ! s5se ( a     
div9e purpose 9 :i* he _h a "p4  ,he    
grew 9 *>ity1 9 sympa?y1 9 wisdom4  ,8  
private griefs1 su* z ! dea? ( 8 boy1   
deep5$ 8 nature4  ,he bore burd5s beyond
 ,hamlet's1--a temp]am5t prone to       
melan*oly1 ! dea? ( ! woman he lov$1 a  
wife :o 0 little com=t1 an ambition :i* 
long f\nd no fruition & no adequate     

field1 a baffl$ gaze into life's my/]y2 
!n ! responsibility ( a nation 9 its    
supreme crisis1 & ! s5se ( ! nation's   
woe4  ,?r\gh x all he held fa/ ! clew ( 
moral fidelity4  ,a lov] ( peace1 he 0  
=c$ to be capta9 9 a t]rible w>4  ,y "k 
me1 ,voorhees1 he said to an old fri5d2 
,i c't be> to cut (f ! head ( a *ick51 &
 "h ,i /& among riv]s ( blood6  ,"u     
ov]:elm+ p]plexities & responsibilities1
 amid a ceaseless dra9 on 8 sympa?ies1  
he le>n$ & practic$ a high] fidelity &  
deep] tru/4  ,at ! outset 0 ! process ( 
cry/allization2 at ! end came malice    
t[>d none1 *>ity = all1 fidelity to ! "r
 z ,god gives u to see ! "r4  ,at la/ ! 
sunrise ( ! nation's new day %one full  
^u him4  ,!n sudd5ly1 pa9lessly1 he     
pass$ into ! my/]y beyond4  ,he 0 lov$  
by 8 p z !y nev] lov$ any o!r man4  ,!  
_w prizes its happy s\ls1 b x takes to  
its inmo/ he>t him :o is fai?ful 9      
d>kness4    #a ,j[ett's translation4  #b
 ,i h foll[$ ,george ,long's translation
 ( ,epictetus4  #c ,9 ! language (      

,r5an3 ,by ?is ^w sup]natural ,i always 
mean ! special sup]natural act1 miracle1
 or ! div9e int]v5tion = a p>ticul> end2
 n ! g5]al sup]natural =ce1 ! hidd5 ,s\l
 ( ! ,univ]se1 ! ideal1 s\rce1 & f9al   
cause ( all movem5ts 9 ! sy/em ( ?+s4   
,,iv  ,,glimpses  ,! virtue ( tru?-seek+
 is a mod]n gr[?4  ,! love ( speculative
 tru?1 inde$1 %9es f> back 9 antiquity1 
9 individuals or 9 little companies4  ,b
 ! tru?-seek+ quality has _h its special
 tra9+ ?r\gh ! pursuits ( physical      
sci5ce4  ,! a*ievem5ts ( ?ree c5turies 9
 ?is direction h be5 made "u ! con/ant  
necessity ( att5tion to reality1 at     
:atev] co/ to prepossession or desire4  
,wat*fulness1 pati5ce1 self-correction  
are ! requisites4  ,!re is ! discipl9e (
 :at ,huxley calls ! p]petual trag$y (  
sci5ce1--! slay+ ( a beautiful !ory by  
an ugly fact4  ,?is c\rage1 pati5ce1    
humility ( ! intellect1 long ex]cis$ on 
second>y problems1 wr\ght into habitual 
& accept$ traits ( ! explor]1 are call$ 
on at la/ to face ! dire/ ordeal4  ,!   

human m9d confronts ! "q1 ,are my de>e/ 
fai? & love & hope bas$ on reality8  ,to
 face t "q1 & face x ?r\gh2 to yield to 
no despond5cy1 h[ev] d>k ! answ]2 to    
hold sometimes ! be/ atta9able answ]1   
:e!r ( affirmation or d5ial1 z only     
provisional1 & wait = fur!r light1 :e!r 
x come n[ or 9 a remote future1 :e!r x  
come to him or to "s o!r1--?is measures 
! greatness ( ! human _s4  ,x is 9 ?is  
respect t our moral /&>ds1 comp>$ ) ^? (
 ,*ri/5dom = eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 h 9 a 
s5se und]gone n m]ely a developm5t b    
rev]sal4  ,9 t passage ^u *>ity 9 :i* ! 
g5ius ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity w+s its highe/ 
flight1 "o note alone wakes no response 
9 u4  ,*>ity be>e? all ?+s1 hope? all   
?+s1 endure? all ?+s4  ,am56  ,b at     
believe? all ?+s we draw back4  ,= u1 ! 
^w mu/ read prove? all ?+s4  ,s long z  
moral obligation 0 bas$ solely on !     
sanction ( a sup]natural _w2 s long z ! 
condemnation ( murd] & !ft & adult]y 0  
suppos$ to re/ on ! fact t ,god gave two
 tables ( /one to ,moses2 s long z      

bro!rhood & hope & tru/ ascrib$ _! *>t] 
to an inc>nate ,deity1--s long a belief 
9 ! *>t] & its hi/ory seem$ ! fir/      
requirem5t1 ! necess>y condition (      
morality4  ,b to ! mod]n m9d ! fir/ &   
great comm&m5t is to see ?+s z !y are4  
,! f\ndation ( our morality1 our        
happ9ess if we are to be happy1 our tru/
 & wor%ip if we are to h a tru/ &       
wor%ip1--9 any ev5t1 our rule ( life1   
our guide & law1--mu/ be1 foll[ ! tru?4 
,no sect monopolizes t pr9ciple4  ,x 0  
or?odox old ,na?aniel ,taylor :o us$ to 
bid 8 /ud5ts1 ,g ) ! tru?1 if x takes y 
ov] ,niag>a6  ,! "q pres5ts itself to   
man3 ,is ! ,p[] t rules ! univ]se       
fri5dly to me8  ,x c]ta9ly does n (f] ! 
k9d ( fri5d%ip :i* man in/9ctively asks4
  ,x does n give ! fri5d%ip :i* saves f 
pa91 :i* insures ease1 pleasure1 un*eck$
 delight4  ,n an indulg5t "m1 c]ta9ly4  
,! />t+-po9t = gett+ ! "q truly answ]$  
mu/ be a practical acceptance ( ! highe/
 rule & ideal kn[n to man4 ,accept+ t & 
foll[+ x1 he rises high] & high]4  ,he  

feels himself 9 "s inw>d accord ) ! mov+
 =ces ( ! univ]se4 ,! prime requisite is
 = him to obey1 to d ! "r1 be ! heav5s  
k9dly or ho/ile or indiff]5t4  ,j s1    
long be=e man knew any?+ ( ! g5]al laws 
( nature1 he plant$ & reap$1 /ruggl$ =  
food & clo?+1 took c>e = himself1--he   
mu/ d long be=e he compreh5ds4  ,s he   
mu/ "w righte\sness & love1 ,god or no  
,god4  ,& 9 ! summon+ voice )9 him1 !   
play ^u him ( p[]s =ev] urg+ him to     
*oose ! "r1--p[]s to :i* he gr[s m & m  
s5sitive z 8 ef=t is e>ne/1--9 ?is he   
comes to recognize "s reality :i* has to
 him m significance & impressiv5ess ?an 
any o!r ?+ 9 ! _w4  ,! work+ pr9ciple ( 
! mod]n m9d is t ! univ]se is ord]ly4   
,ev]y?+ has its place & mean+4  ,man    
disc]ns 9 8 p]sonal life ?is mu* ( cle> 
mean+1 t he is to /rive t[>d ! noble/   
ideal4  ,z he accepts t1 ! conviction   
comes home to him t 9 ! highe/ s5se !   
univ]se is fri5dly1 = x is attract+1    
urg+1 compell+ him to ! realization ( 8 
highe/ dreams4   ,! highe/ intellect is 

always s]5e4  ,%aksp]e & ,em]son /& at !
 summit ( human ?\ght & vision2 unlike z
 !y are1 bo? view ! spectacle ( life )  
an int5se int]e/1 & a great ?\gh sob]   
*e]4  ,if we analyze ! elem5ts :i*      
,%aksp]e portrays1 we might incl9e to   
judge t ! sadness outweighs ! joy4  ,b !
 impression left by 8 pages is someh[ n 
sad4  ,"s deep] _s und]lies & p5etrates4
  ,back ( ,le>'s he>tbreak1 ,hamlet's   
bewild]m5t1 ,o!llo's despair1 we feel "s
 pres5ce :i* upholds our c\rage4  ,x is 
! m9d ( ! writ]1 s l(ty & wise t x is n 
daunt$ by all ! t]rors x beholds1 & :i* 
conveys to u its own calm4   ,9 a l     
mood1 we may (t5 look = ourselves on !  
drama ( real life1 pr(\ndly /irr$ by its
 com$ies & trag$ies1 b n ov]:elm$1--lea/
 ov]:elm$ :5 our sight is cle>e/4  ,!   
s5se ( assurance--n ( m]e safety f      
special h>m1 b ! uplift ( "s unspeakable
 div9e reality--comes 9 pres5ce ( !     
gr&e/ sc5es ( nature1--m\nta9 or ocean  
or sunset4  ,!y supply an ext]nal image1
 answ]+ to "s faculty 9 ! s\l4  ,& :5   

?r\gh failure ( s5se or _s ! vision is  
obscur$1 ! s\l becomes consci\s 9 itself
 ( t to :i* m\nta9 & ocean are b        
s]vants1--! res]ve p[] to endure & to   
conqu] :i* spr+s to life at ! /]n       
*all5ge4  ,! deepe/ assurance comes n z 
an intellectual view nor z an impression
 f ! sublimities ( nature4  ,x is !     
outcome ( ! sev]e/ conflicts & ! heavie/
 trials4  ,we _c expla9 ! process1 b we 
see 9 o!rs or feel 9 ourselves ?is3 t   
out ( ! h>de/ /ruggle 9 :i* we h held   
our gr\nd comes ! deepe/ peace4  ,:at   
s]5ity is to ! intellectual life1 t to !
 moral life is ?is peace :i* passe?     
und]/&+1 ?is bl5d+ ( gladness & love4   
,x is n a passive condition1 b ( !      
highe/ pot5tial en]gy1--! p>5t ( all    
great a*ievem5ts & pati5t fidelities4   
,! s\l le>ns to draw c\rage1 tru/1 joy1 
& hope f its resolute enc\nt] )         
realities1 )\t lean+ on any explanation4
  ,x is ! onlook] only :o despairs4     
,lit]ature1 s mu* ! "w ( on-look]s1     
exagg]ates ! depression4  ,m5 ( action1 

toil]s1 help]s1 fa!rs1 mo!rs1 sa9ts1--^!
 d n despair4  ,! _w z a :ole1 & ! be/  
"p ( ! _w1 lives a life ( action1 feel+1
 ex]cise ( e faculty1--:i* g5]ates      
c\rage1 /r5g?1 t5d]ness4  ,"u all !     
confusion & wrong1 !re are /ill ! deep  
spr+s ( t same exp]i5ce1 t peace ( ,god 
:i* always f$ ! highe/ life4  ,!re is an
 exp]i5ce sometimes felt ( p]fect       
assurance1 peace1 & joy4  ,x is love :i*
 ca/e? out fe>1--! s5se ( be+ ,god's    
*ild2 x is communion ) ! ,highe/4  ,?is 
is ! he>t ( religion4  ,x is kn[n to    
babes & suckl+s1 unkn[n to _m o!rwise v 
le>n$ p4  ,x speaks ) an absolute       
au?ority ! message ( love & peace1 ( joy
 & hope4  ,! m9d is wont to clo! ?is    
message 9 "s crude =m1 :i* s]ves to     
convey x to o!rs1 b is l ! alloy :i*    
makes ! pure gold workable1 yet debases 
x4  ,?is gladness ( ! _s 0 ! gospel (   
,jesus4  ,he _h x z no "o ev] _h x be=e4
  ,8 foll[]s caught x4  ,!y debas$1     
necess>ily1 b !y spread x4  ,!y wor%ip$ 
x 9 him1 made him _! lead]1 ma/]1 &     

f9ally _! ,god4  ,!y lov$ him z a pres5t
 reality1 :ile !y treasur$ ! record ( 8 
human words4 ,9 su* exaltation1 l !     
intoxication ( a heav5ly w9e1 ! untra9$ 
m9d is creative 9 its ec/asy2 h5ce !    
beautifully conceiv$ & easily believ$   
/ories ( ann\nc+ angels1 miracles (     
heal+1 bodily resurrection4  ,!n came a 
long developm5t ( dogma & *ur*1--mu* (  
obscuration1 mu* ( deg5]acy4  ,?r\gh x  
all surviv$ ! tru?s t love is supreme1 &
 t ! law ( life is goodness sublim$ to  
hol9ess4  ,! revivals ( religions h be5 
! r$iscov]y ( ! glad tru?1 fre$ ea* "t f
 "s accompany+ error4  ,! discov]y (    
,lu!r 0 t ! s\l's life 9 ,god 0 possible
 outside ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*4  ,o!rs _h   
f\nd ?is1 too1 b he made x a militant   
tru?1 & successfully revolt$4  ,calv9ism
 0 p>tly a rev]sion2 its emphasis on    
sov]eignty 0 tyrannical1 b x tra9$ ! m9d
 9 exact & int5se ?\ght4  ,fox1 aft]    
long se>*+s amid sects & p>ties1 made ! 
new discov]y aga91--,god's _s giv5      
directly1 freely to man6  ,h5ce a sort (

 intoxication 9 ! e>ly ,quak]1 sob]+ to 
a sweet religion4  ,always1 9 ! v>i\s   
*ur*es1--,roman1 ,engli%1 ,g5evan1      
,lu!ran1--0 some?+ ( ! div9e fire1 ?\gh 
(t5 hidd5 & *ok$4  ,9 ! ,wesleys1 ! sav+
 & seek+ love ( ,*ri/ 0 ! =m ! revival  
took2 & ) ?is w5t free grace1 z aga9/   
fatalism :i* cru%$ ! w4  ,edw>ds _h     
some?+ ( ! love-elem5t1 b x 0 fett]$ by 
8 ,calv9ism4  ,8 ma9 s]vice 0 to        
/imulate religi\s ?\ght1 :i*1 f a       
,calv9i/ic basis1 work$ out ?r\gh       
,hopk9s to ,*ann+4  ,! revival 9 ,lib]al
 ,or?odoxy is ess5tially a recognition (
 ! true "* ( ,jesus1 & an idealization &
 en?ronem5t ( ?is z ! sov]eign ideal1 ) 
a cl++ z yet to ! sup]natural basis1 :i*
 inevitably gr[s weak]4  ,mean:ile1 new 
ways into ! ,inf9ite h be5 op5$1--?r\gh 
nature1 z by ,wordswor?2 ?r\gh humanity 
by ,em]son4  ,sci5ce has swept away !   
:ole sup]natural ma*9]y ) :i* ?is inn]  
life ( ! s\l has be5 connect$ 9 m5's    
m9ds4  ,x f9ds ev]y:]e ord]1 gr[?1 a    
pres5t root$ 9 ! pa/ & fl[]+ into !     

future4  ,op5+ imm5se vi/as = ! race1 x 
sometimes seems to %rivel ! individual  
to a transi5t atom4  ,b /ill !re wells  
up 9 ! he>t ( man ! my/]i\s1 pr(\nd1    
irresi/ible gladness 9 its ,div9e       
s\rce1--! love t ca/s out fe>4  ,we may 
look at x sob]ly1 assign x place1 limit 
x 9 a way2 x c no long] give u a        
cosmogony1 b unimpair$ is its message1  
,obey & rejoice6  ,we correlate its     
impulse ) ! s5se ( moral obligation & ! 
code ( e?ics :i* has gr[n up 9 ! _w's   
sob] exp]i5ce4  ,we le>n to cultivate ! 
religi\s s5se m wisely ?an ( old4  ,we  
make bodily heal? its m9i/]4  ,we       
adm9i/] & reorganize civil society1     
in/ead ( conf9+ ourselves to ! *ur*4    
,we op5 our he>ts to ! revelation (     
nature & humanity4 ,& we wait pati5tly !
 sl[ com+ ( ! ,k+dom2 ! sl[ gr[? (      
religion 9 our own "*2 ! sl[ upbuild+ ( 
human societies4  ,side by side ) ?is   
sl[ process lies always ! pres5t heav5  
into :i* at times ! s\l ent]s & f9ds    
p]fect peace1--a peace :i* embraces pa/1

 pres5t1 & future1 "t & et]nity4  ,we   
/udy & practice ob$i5ce1 dilig5ce1      
pati5ce2 & at un=ese5 mom5ts1 "u %ocks  
or 9 highe/ tranquillity1 comes ! div9e 
revelation4  ,! belief t ! p]fect life  
_h actually be5 liv$ by ,*ri/ 0 a help  
to m5 ^: aspiration felt itself         
unsuccessful1--! v height ( ! aspiration
 deep5+ ! s5se ( failure4  ,! m9d fa/5$ 
on an actual & p]fect goodness outside (
 itself4  ,! ,/oic ideal kept a man     
self-wat*ful1 giv+ him no high]         
p]sonality to look up to4  ,!re 0 9     
,*ri/ianity ! feel+ t ! p]fect life has 
be5 liv$1 & ?is someh[ may help to save 
me4  ,?is 0 ! core ( ! ,atonem5t4  ,all 
!ories ( x--ransom1 sub/itution1 & !    
l--7 intellectual explanations ( ! fact 
( exp]i5ce4  ,=giv5ess is ! s\l's       
delight$ s5se t its s9 is n mortal4 ,x  
comes only aft] s9 has be5 felt z a     
burd54  ,consci\s ( wrong-do+1 man feels
 helpless & ev5 accurs$1--imag9es or    
cr$its /ories ( a fall1 ( measureless   
guilt1 & an endless hell4  ,:at gives   

poignancy to ^! ideas is ! real s5se (  
wrong-do+1 :i* projects a mon/r\s &     
exagg]at$ %ad[4  ,! s5se ( duty1        
con/antly work$1 bre$s 9 s5sitive s\ls !
 despair ( an unatta9able p]fection4  ,!
 outw>d c]emonial does n help or        
enri*1--! moral & spiritual ideal       
tantalizes by its impossibility4  ,?is  
happ5s ev5 to ! /r5u\sly righte\s4  ,9 !
 gross wrong-do]1 especially if he falls
 "u ! ban ( society1 !re is wr\ght a    
despair :i* probably expresses itself 9 
a h>d5$ recklessness4  ,among ^! lo/    
%eep came ,jesus z a fri5d4  ,8 love    
div9$ ! deep] s\l )9 !m1--its ye>n+ = ! 
good x _h p]haps ceas$ ev5 to /ruggle   
=1--its unt\*$ possibilities4  ,he said1
 ,be ( good *e]6  ,?y s9s be =giv5 !e6  
,g 9 peace6  ,at 8 ^w & t\*1 a new life 
sprang up 9 !m1--a new =ce lift$        
humanity 9 its l[e/ dep?s4  ,to ?is new 
s5se ( life out ( dea? ,jesus gave ! "n 
( ,y\r ,fa!r's love4  ,he typifi$ x 9 ! 
p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son4 ,& z !       
appropriate attitude = ?is recov]$ s9n]1

 he set1 n m]ely a glad & ?ankful       
acceptance ( ! gift1 b ! pass+ ( x on to
 o!rs4  ,he b\nd insep>ably ! receiv+ & 
! giv+4 ,=give u our debts1 z we =give  
our debtors4  ,j ! exp]i5ce ( ! p>don$  
mis] or h>lot came to ,paul :5 he saw t 
9 8 pride & willfulness he _h be5       
p]secut+ ! holy & innoc5t1 yet felt     
himself rea*$ & lov$ & re/or$ by t same 
innoc5t & holy s\l4  ,! exp]i5ce 0      
con/antly repeat$ 9 ! e>ly *ur*4  ,x 0 !
 mo/ /rik+ ( all ^? g5u9e miracles--!   
wond]s ( spiritual creation & gr[?--:i* 
7 ! weal? ( ! ,*ri/ian society4  ,at !  
mo/ d>k & depress+ h\r ( t society2 :5 9
 ga9+ dom9ion x _h l[]$ its purity1 &   
be=e ! b>b>ian invasion ! :ole social   
fabric %ook1--t same miracle ( a div9e  
love1 realiz$ z a sav+ & trans=m+ =ce1 0
 wr\ght 9 ! great p]sonality ( ,augu/9e1
 & inspir$ ?r\gh him anew ! life ( !    
*ur*4  ,! intellectual ve/m5t ( ?is     
exp]i5ce--! =m "u :i* ! crude ?\ght ( ^!
 m5 gave x body & sub/ance--0 !         
,inc>nation & ! ,atonem5t4  ,^? doctr9es

 h la/$ ?r\gh all *anges1 ev5 until ?is 
day1 because ( ! pe>l ( tru? cas$ 9 _!  
r\gh %ells4  ,:5 n[ we try to express t 
tru? 9 its simplicity--f9d+ always a    
great difficulty 9 putt+ 9 articulate   
words ! deep ?+s ( ! _s--we say t ! man 
:o sees & sorr[s = & seeks to escape f 8
 wrong de$ or habit may come into !     
consci\sness t he w escape1--may feel ) 
a pr(\nd assurance t he is upborne by "s
 p[] ( good :i* w save him & bless him4 
,he is recov]able2 he is lovable2 he is 
lov$1 & %all be sav$4  ,& ! way 9 :i* t 
consci\sness is awak5$ is (t5e/ by !    
contact ( "s s\l :i* ! s9n] rev]5ces z  
bett] ?an himself1 :i* kn[s 8 guilt &   
loves him 9 spite ( x1 & decl>es to him 
t he %all live & recov]4  ,! m9i/] (    
=giv5ess may be a "m or a wife2 x may be
 ! s9c]e prie/ speak+ to ! s9c]e p5it5t2
 x may be ,*ri/ or ,madonna2 x may be ! 
unnam$ ,p[] ^: tok5 is ! sunset1 or !   
ra9b[1 or ! voice )9 ! he>t4   ,!       
especial limitation ( ,*ri/ianity at its
 bir? 0 ! expectation ( ! spe$y end+ ( !

 exi/+ ord]4  ,h5ce an indiff]5ce to su*
 subjects1 belong+ to p]man5t human     
society1 z indu/ry1 gov]nm5t1 k1 !      
control ( ! =ces ( nature4  ,z to all   
^!1 ! limitations ( ,*ri/ianity h9d]$   
its progress2 z to ea*1 ! natural &     
secul> _w ex]cis$ an influ5ce unconfess$
 or /riv5 aga9/2 z to ea*1 ! p]ception 0
 rea*$ t x mu/ be recogniz$ by religion1
 until 9 our day ! ,"h & ,n[ takes !    
=egr\nd 9 place ( ! ,h]eaft]4  ,!       
p]sonal life 9 its pres5t relations1 !  
human society "u e>?ly conditions1--^!  
give to u ! ma9 field & problem4  ,!    
h]eaft] ( ! individual gives backgr\nd &
 atmosph]e4   ,= holy liv+ & dy+ we put 
simply holy liv+4  ,to give fullness &  
p]fection to ea* day1 ea* act1 is all & 
is en\gh4 ,! ?\ght ( dea? %\ld n sw]ve  
or alt] a p>ticle4  ,:5 ! la/ h\r ( life
 comes1 :at retrospect %all we wi%8     
,only to h fill$ life ) ! be/4   ,!     
religi\s emotion w (t5 & freely         
p]sonify1 & mu/ d s4 ,! highe/ feel+    
takes on a quality ( love1 & love goes  

to a p]sonal object4  ,x is sometimes z 
t[>d "o div9e fri5d & ,god1 sometimes   
t[>d ! "o belov$ human be+1 sometimes ! 
,*ri/1 sometimes a univ]se ( liv+ & lov+
 be+s4  ,^! are di/9ctions ( =m r ?an ( 
sub/ance1 ! expression by diff]5t m9ds (
 ! same reality4  ,to ! mod]n m9d1 !    
di/9ct p]sonification ( deity is less   
natural ?an =m]ly4  ,! v va/ness ( !    
,inf9ite1 z we conceive x1 precludes ?is
 def9ite p]sonaliz+ ( x z a habitual    
mode ( ?\ght or basis ( conduct4  ,yet  
"u l(ty & high-wr\ght emotion1 ! ye>n+ (
 ! s\l t[>d ! ,supreme ,p[] (t5 breaks  
spontane\sly into ! language (          
p]sonality4  ,9 ! exquisite s5se (      
deliv]ance f %>p tr\ble1--:5 ! tr\ble   
itself seems m ?an ju/ifi$ by ! height5$
 gladness1 z 9 ,titian's ,assumption !  
face ( ! ,virg9 ,"m %9es 9 ! welcome ( t
 heav5 to :i* ! way has l$ ?r\gh all    
e>?ly & mo!rly sorr[1--9 su* em]g5ce1 ! 
he>t utt]s aga9 ! v words ( ! ,psalmi/3 
,i love ! ,"l1 because he ha? he>d my   
voice & my supplications4 ,! sorr[s (   

dea? compass$ me1 & ! pa9s ( hell gat   
hold ^u me2 ,i f\nd tr\ble & sorr[4  ,!n
 call$ ,i ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l1 ,o ,"l1 ,i   
besee* !e1 deliv] my s\l6  ,graci\s is !
 ,"l & righte\s2 yea1 our ,god is       
m]ciful4  ,return unto ?y re/1 ,o my    
s\l1 = ! ,"l ha? dealt b\ntifully ) me4 
,= ?\ ha/ deliv]$ my s\l f dea?1 m9e    
eyes f te>s1 & my feet f fall+4   ,if we
 w\ld weigh & measure ! value ( mank9d1 
we h no scales or measures4  ,z mu* is  
to be said = ! badness ( m5 z = _!      
goodness4  ,/ill m impossible is x to   
trace _! individual responsibility = :at
 !y are4  ,b ! det]m9ation ( ! value (  
mank9d1 ev5 ! l[e/1 is by a diff]5t     
process f t ( ! speculative intellect4  
,are m5 wor?y ( love8  ,love !m1 & y    
%all "k6  ,! attitude ( love v9dicates  
itself4  ,no "o :o has he>tily giv5     
himself to ! s]vice ( o!rs turns back   
say+1 ,!y are n wor? x4  ,encompass+    
light creates 9 ! develop+ creature an  
eye4  ,s encompass+ love--human         
love--draws out response 9 its object1  

makes x lovable4   ,"o class ( tru?s are
 c]ta9 = all & at all times4  ,^! are   
su* z3 ! excell5ce & au?ority ( ! highe/
 moral ideal2 ! obligations ( purity1   
tru?1 & hone/y2 love z ! true attitude2 
receptivity t[>d k1 beauty1 & humor4    
,!re are o!r p]ceptions :i* v>y greatly 
9 _! frequ5cy & vividness4  ,!y are     
impulses ( reassurance1 joy1 hope1      
victory4  ,!y surpass all o!r s\rces (  
/r5g? & com=t4  ,!y _c1 9 _! cle>ness & 
fullness1 be transf]r$ or express$2 !y  
_c ev51 by ! m9d exp]i5c+ !m1 be resolv$
 into intellectual propositions4  ,!y   
are n peculi> to :at we usually call    
religion4  ,! exp]i5ce ( love betwe5 man
 & woman op5s a new _w4  ,s does music2 
s d all ! f9] =ms ( happ9ess4  ,all ^!1 
:5 !y come1 are felt z gifts1--z        
revelations4  ,!y are n )9 our direct & 
imm$iate comm&4  ,:at relation d !y be> 
to ! life :i* is )9 our comm&1--to our  
delib]ate1 purposeful1 self-ord]$ life8 
,fir/1 9 t life we cultivate ! two      
traits :i* fit u = ! vision1 ?\gh !y d n

 comm& x1--s5sitiv5ess & self-control4  
,s no man or woman c =esee :e!r ! love (
 w$lock %all come to !m1 b ea* c r5d]   
himself wor?y ( love1 & no high exp]i5ce
 ( love is possible except to "o tra9$  
long be=eh& 9 purity & unselfi%ness4    
,next1 ^! high] moods1 :5 !y come1 %\ld 
be accept$ z giv+ law to ! unillum9$    
h\rs4  ,!y d n *ange1 b !y int5sify1 !  
aim at rightness ( life1 & !y add to x !
 _s ( c\rage1 ( tru/1 ( joy4   ,! hope (
 immortality--! assurance ( "s good     
beyond1 :i* we express by               
immortality--is born f a s5se ( ! value 
( life4 ,life is felt to be preci\s z x 
is consecrat$ by ! moral /ruggle 9      
ourselves1 & z x is view$ 9 o!rs )      
sympa?y4  ,we give our moral ef=t & our 
sympa?y1 & ^! are enc\nt]$ by ! trem5d\s
 play ( human joys & sorr[s1 & ! result 
is a s5se ( life z int5sely significant4
  ,! feel+ ( communion ) ,*ri/1 ) angels
 & sa9ts1--its natural basis is !       
rev]5ce & love = great s\ls4  ,z su*    
rev]5ce & love is deep1 & z dea? removes

 ! objects1 ! s5se ( a cont9u$ communion
 arises spontane\sly4  ,no =m ( our     
consci\sness is m vivid & pr(\nd ?an    
?is4  ,x has a backgr\nd ( my/]y1--my/]y
 sc>cely deep] or o!r ?an t :i* envelops
 ! e>?ly love4  ,:at d ,i love 9 ! fri5d
 :om "h ,i see8  ,is x ! individuality1 
or t high] p[] ( :i* x transmits a ray8 
,! s5se ( ?is bl5d+ ( ! human & div9e   
does n weak5 or p]plex our affection = !
 fri5d we see2 x int5sifies & sublimates
 x4  ,s1 9 ! s5se ( communion ) ! unse5 
fri5d1 x di/urbs u n t we _c say h[ mu* 
is !re ( ! rememb]$ p]sonality1 h[ mu* (
 ! "o et]nal deity4  ,! ess5ce ( :at we 
lov$ & love is sure & undy+4   ,!       
creature succe$s z its functions &      
organs become fitt$ to its environm5t4  
,man succe$s z he fits himself to a     
moral environm5t4 ,to ! undevelop$ man !
 _w is full ( =ces :i* are ho/ile or    
indiff]5t to 8 "r action2 a ?\s& ?+s    
di/ract him f do+ "r2 he is l a creature
 9 a wat]y _w ) half-develop$ f9s4  ,b z
 a man becomes morally develop$ he f9ds 

moral opportunity ev]y:]e1--f9ds        
occasion = s]vice1 = admiration1        
gratitude1 rev]5ce1 hope4  ,?is moral   
developm5t includes ! :ole man3 he ne$s 
a good body2 he ne$s mu* t only         
inh]itance c supply4  ,8 own ef=t is "o 
factor1 n ! sum ( factors4  ,we mu/ be  
pati5t ) ourselves1--accept our         
inevitable imp]fections z "p ( ! gr&    
plan1 & f9d a joy 9 :at is above &      
beyond ourselves4   ,man fir/ solves !  
problem ( 8 own life1--f9ds ! key 9     
devotion to ! highe/ ideal ( "*1--f9ds !
 answ] 9 moral gr[? foll[+ 8 ef=t1      
=giv5ess meet+ 8 rep5tance1 human love  
answ]+ 8 love1 beauty meet+ 8 desire1   
tru? op5+ to 8 se>*1 a support &        
assurance f\nd 9 em]g5cy4  ,!n1 & only  
!n1 he c rightly /udy ! _w4  ,= he mu/  
fir/ h ! /&>d ( values 9 human life2 he 
mu/ h1 too1 ! utt] devotion to tru?4    
,/udy+ ! univ]se1 he le>ns t man has    
come into be+ ?r\gh ! processes (       
mat]ial law1--t ! aeons ( a/ronomy &    
geology h be5 work+ t[>d 8 production4  

,he f9ds t man develops into moral man1 
) ! p[] ( *oice & ( love2 develops into 
a be+ loyal & s5sitive to duty & to 8   
k9d4  ,?is type ( man t5ds to become !  
univ]sal type4  ,human goodness t5ds to 
spread itself4  ,!re is a society1 liv+ 
f age to age1 ( ^? devot$ to ! good (   
man3 ?is s5tim5t gr[s pur]1 m enlight5$1
 m en?usia/ic2 x is ! he>t ( all re=ms1 
all social progress2 no equal p[]       
opposes x4  ,x is combat$ by selfi%ness1
 gre$1 ignorance1 viol5ce1 b ^! =ces h  
no spiritual cohesion among !mselves1 no
 inn] unity2 !y are de/9$ to fall be=e !
 advance ( ! high] _s4  ,h& 9 h& ) ?is  
advanc+ goodness goes advanc+ k1 gr[+   
s5se ( beauty1 great] p[]s ( happ9ess4  
,we see ?us a p[] work+ = good ?r\gh    
man1 mak+ him its in/rum5t1 absorb+ him 
into itself4  ,! movem5t is cont9u\s1 f 
! />-mi/ to ! sa9t4  ,?is is "o elem5t 9
 ! sum ( ?+s4  ,x is ! elem5t t man kn[s
 be/4  ,! lives ( ! gnat & ! tig] he    
sc>cely m ?an guesses at4  ,o!r possible
 exi/5ces ?an 8 own !re may be1 ev5 )9  

?is mundane sph]e1 ( :i* he kn[s no?+4  
,( humanity he kn[s some?+1 & he sees t 
x is mov$ t[>d ! goal ( p]fection4  ,!  
p[] :i* ?us moves x he inevitably       
id5tifies ) t :i* he has f\nd urg+      
himself t[>d goodness1 t\*+ him 9 8 be/ 
e/ate ) a s5se ( h>mony1 & su/a9+ him 9 
all em]g5cies4 ,to ?is ,p[] ( ,good he  
devotes himself & tru/s himself4  ,8    
supreme pray] is1 ,?y k+dom come1 ?y w  
be done4  ,he seeks to be us$ by ?is p[]
 = its own ends2 bett] ?an any wi% he c 
frame mu/ be ! end to :i* x works4  ,!  
f9al product ( ! _w-=ces1 ! fl[] ( !    
univ]se1 ! *ild ( ,god1 is man1 9 8     
fidelity1 t5d]ness1 ye>n+4  ,to him     
belong ! sa9t's aspiration1 ! poet's    
vision1 ! "m's love4 ,& ?is highe/ type1
 by all its f9e/ faculties1 rea*es t[>d 
a h]eaft]4  ,! rul+ p[] turns (t5 a h>% 
face ^u its creatures4  ,!re is unb\nd$ 
suff]+4  ,!re is ! p]petual de/ruction (
 ! individual4  ,ev5 ! moral gr[? meets 
ob/acles (t5 insurm\ntable2 inh]itance  
limits2 circum/ances betray2 we see     

sudd5 falls & sl[ det]ioration2 :ole    
races wane4  ,b we see t evil is someh[ 
a /epp+-/one to all our good4 ,h]oism1  
piety1 t5d]ness1 h be5 born out ( pa94  
,! expectation ( a h]eaft] gives hope t 
no individual moral g]m is lo/4  ,& we  
see t ! cr[n+ victory ( life is !       
p]si/5ce ( man's good aga9/ ! evil2 z 9 
! "m ^: love ! prodigal _c exhau/2 9 !  
,sib]ian exile :o w n despair2 9 ,jesus 
:5 be=e ! cross he prays1 ,?y w be done4
  ,?is is fai?1 ?is is ! s\l's supreme  
act1--! allegiance to good1 ! tru/ 9    
good1 9 face ( ! v wor/4  ,man1 9 t dep?
 feels lift$ by a p[] transc5d+ himself4
  ,s1 :5 ! belov$ is tak5 by dea?1 !    
he>t1 9 face ( t loss1 loves on2 feels  
its love great] ?an t :i* has befall52  
says1 ,o ,dea?1 :]e is ?y /+6  ,o grave1
 :]e is ?y victory6   ,! be/ liv+ unites
 u closely & my/]i\sly ) "s great] :ole 
( :i* we are a "p4  ,! ?ree great       
faculties are k1 conduct1 love4  ,k f9ds
 always new objects1 new connections1 a 
m p]fect & wond]ful :ole4  ,"r conduct  

br+s a s5se ( be+ 9 true relations1--(  
fulfill+ "s high de/9y4  ,love bl5ds !  
individual ) ! univ]sal2 its successive 
/eps are ! highe/ =m ( human education4 
,*ri/ianity 0 a fem99e religion 9 its   
virtues1 z purity & t5d]ness2 & also 9  
its attitude ( pure dep5d5ce1           
submission1 petition4  ,! mascul9e      
elem5ts h n be5 duly recogniz$ z        
religi\s1 ev5 :5 hav+ a great place 9 ! 
actual work+ ( ?+s1--self-reliance1     
physical h>dihood1 civic virtue1 !      
pursuit ( tru?4   ,9 h] subject /ate1   
woman has le>n$ piety4  ,%e br+s t z %e 
em]ges into h] free /ate1 h] gift to    
man1 z 8 to h] is /r5g? & self-reliance4
   ,! moral p[] ( ! dogmatic sy/ems has 
be5 v limit$4  ,!y pret5d$ to all k &   
all p[]1 b !y h only gone a little way  
to sweet5 & purify human life4  ,!      
en?usiasm ( humanity advances society   
f>!r 9 a decade ?an ! old religion did 9
 a c5tury4   ,we are taught by sci5ti/s 
! extreme sl[ness ) :i* races h improv$4
  ,b d we "k h[ fa/ races or families c 

improve if br\ght 9 contact ) ! mo/     
helpful influ5ces ( o!r races or        
families8  ,has t exp]im5t ev] be5      
fairly tri$8  ,d n results ) h>d5$      
convicts1 ) ,indian & negro pupils1     
sugge/ t !re may be an imm5se           
accel]ation ( moral progress8   ,diff]5t
 classes ( m9ds require diff]5t         
religions4  ,a multitude require !      
pictorial fai? & ! absolute au?ority ( !
 ,ca?olic *ur*4  ,a great _m require !  
div9e-human figure ( ,*ri/4  ,a c]ta9   
class ( m9ds w be pan!i/ic4  ,to "s !   
wond]s ( ! physical _w w be ! mo/       
impressive revelation4  ,natures /rong 9
 spiritual insight w be transc5d5tali/s4
  ,^? 9 :om p]sonal affection is pr(\nd 
w h ! gospel ( ,9 ,memoriam & ,lucy     
,smi?4  ,active1 s]viceable1            
unimag9ative m5 w (t5 be cont5t ) a     
*e]ful agno/icism4  ,"s1 aft] pu%+ _!   
inquiry to ! f>!/1 & keep+ x unit$ ) "r 
liv+1 w re/ 9 dev\t & cont5t$ unc]ta9ty4
   ,! advance ( k has be5 ! great fact (
 ! _w's intellectual life = ! pa/       

c5tury4  ,! increase by ?is means (     
mat]ial good2 ! upw>d pu% ( ! p1 /r5g!n$
 by k & by prosp]ity won ?r\gh k2 !     
wid5+ & deep5+ ( human sympa?y1--^! are 
! great social facts4  ,! imm95t        
situation is t k has de/roy$ ! old      
religi\s basis1 & is only j beg9n+ to   
con/ruct a new religi\s cultus4         
,socially1 ! common p seem on ! po9t ( a
 great advance1 :ile ! too eag] pu% =   
mat]ial good br+s tempor>ily a moral    
injury4  ,among ! con/ructive =ces are3 
a k ( man & ! _w :i* enables u to build 
on broad] f\ndations ?an ,jesus or ,/4  
,francis2 a vivifi$ s5se ( humanity :i* 
gives ! emotional =ce :i* is always !   
/ronge/ dynamic factor2 & a new s5se (  
natural beauty :i* fe$s ! religi\s life 
& imp>ts peace4  ,! imm$iate future is  
unc]ta91--! b>b>ian invasion & !        
religi\s w>s may h a p>allel 9 ano!r    
p]iod ( disa/]s4  ,b ! l>ge onw>d       
movem5t is cle>1 & ! p]sonal ideal 0    
nev] at once s reasonable & s ard5t z   
n[4  ,?\gh /orms %\ld rise high1 fai? & 

hope may hold fa/1 rememb]+ t        all
 ! pa/ ( ,"t reveals     ,a bridal dawn 
( ?und]-peals   ,:]ev] ,?\ght ha? w$d$  
,fact4   ,democracy is j a cont9uation (
 ! upw>d pu% :i* out ( ! mollusk has    
made man4  ,altruism is n ! only nor !  
prim>y upw>d =ce4  ,be=e x & along ) x  
goes ! individual's /ruggle = 8 own     
bett]m5t1--! outrea*1 fir/1 ( hung] &   
sex2 !n t[>d f9] =ms ( pleasure2 !n (   
moral aspiration4  ,democracy1 socialism
 are an ef=t = common bett]m5t2 !       
egoi/ic m]ges ) ! altrui/ic impulse4  ,!
 m9d mu/ be held op5 to ! free w9ds ( k4
  ,if !y c %ake ! f\ndations1 let !m4   
,& j z "o's p]sonal c\rage mu/ (t5      
tremble be=e p]sonal risks1 s !re mu/   
sometimes be intellectual tremors4   ,if
 9 ! ard5t temp] & sweet _s ( ! ,new    
,te/am5t we try to discrim9ate z to :at 
phases ( human conduct receive ! *ief   
/ress1 we f9d ! /ronge/ emphasis is on  
bro!rly love & *a/ity4  ,! e?ical s]vice
 ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* has be5 greate/ 9 !  
direction ( ^! two qualities4  ,:at x   

has done = purity is beyond our p[] to  
measure4  ,& x is j at t po9t t ev5 yet 
! /ruggle ( humanity to em]ge f ! be/ial
 condition seems mo/ difficult &        
d\btful4  ,"s writ] has rem>k$ t        
,*ri/ianity app>5tly introduc$ no really
 new virtue into human society1 ) !     
exception ( male *a/ity4  ,%aksp]e 9 "o 
sonnet gives trem5d\s expression to !   
evil ( lu/1 ) ?is conclusion3--    ,?is 
all ! _w do? "k2 yet none "k well   ,to 
%un ! heav51 t leade? to ?is hell4      
,*ri/ianity1 9 a way ( its own1 op5$ a  
gate out ( t hell4  ,! gate 0 ! p[] ( a 
pure spiritual affection4  ,paul        
describes1 9 language t /rikes home     
to-day1 ! w> ( fle% & _s4  ,= him1 its  
conclusion is3 ,o wret*$ man t ,i am6   
,:o %all deliv] me f ! body ( ?is dea?8 
,i ?ank ,god ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l6
  ,at ! crisis !re rises 9 8 _s !       
consci\sness1 vivid z a p]sonal pres5ce1
 ( t great1 pure1 lov+ s\l2 & temptation
 falls dead4  ,augu/9e relates m fully a
 l exp]i5ce4 ,! turn+-po9t ( 8 life     

comes :51 /ill b\nd aft] long /ruggles  
by a s9ful tie1 !re comes to him !      
message1 ,put ye on ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 
& make n provision = ! fle% to fulfill !
 lu/s !re(4  ,! *ur* has n conf9$ itself
 to a s+le =m ( influ5ce4  ,x has inve/$
 ! comm& to purity ) ! sanction ( a     
div9e behe/2 has us$ ?reats & p5alties2 
has employ$ asceticism1 (t5 ) mo/       
disa/r\s results2 has appeal$ v>i\sly to
 ! spiritual imag9ation ) leg5d & /ory4 
,! fre% blood ( ! ,nor!rn peoples has   
come 9 to ren=ce ! sp5t & /ruggl+       
morality ( ! ,s\?4  ,a romantic         
conception ( love has bl5d$ nature's two
 great =ces--s5se & _s--in/ead ( sett+  
!m 9 opposition1 & has inve/$ w$lock )  
its true sanctity1 9 place ( ! false    
exaltation ( celibacy4  ,&1 "u v>i\s    
influ5ces1 ! relation ( ! sexes has ^u !
 :ole be5 s f> height5$ t we see ?is at 
! end ( two ?\s& ye>s1--t m>riage1 :i*  
,paul himself look$ ^u z a k9d (        
necess>y evil1 is recogniz$ z ! be/     
gu>dian & tea*] ( purity4  ,! connection

 betwe5 ! two mo/ /rongly m>k$ phases ( 
,*ri/ian morality--betwe5 love &        
purity--is n an arbitr>y or accid5tal   
"o4  ,x is an ideal affection t be/     
ma/]s ! s5su\s nature4 ,9 ! words (     
,ecce ,homo1 ,no he>t is pure t is n    
passionate2 no virtue is safe t is n    
en?usia/ic4   ,! mod]n attitude has two 
broad diff]5ces f e>ly ,*ri/ianity4 ,man
 addresses all 8 en]gy to und]/&+ &     
controll+ ! =ces ( nature1 in/ead (     
reg>d+ !m z ali5 or ho/ile & 8 own      
salvation z a matt] ( sup]natural       
relation4   ,& 8 relation ) ! ,inf9ite &
 ! ,h]eaft] is f> m v>i\s1 subtle1      
intimate4   ,epictetus gives ! heav5 ( !
 consci5ce1 ,jesus ( ! he>t1 ,em]son ( !
 intellect4  ,man's problems n[ are to  
f9d ! physical & ! social heav51--to    
rightly correlate ! _s ) ! body & ! e>?1
 & to m p]fectly organize society4   ,! 
mod]n man1 in/ead ( appeal+ to ,jehovah 
or ,*ri/1 grasps ! p[]s ( nature & (    
life z !y are put into 8 own h&s4 ,walt]
 ,scott writes 9 8 j\rnal1 9 a %>p      

exig5cy3 ,god help--no1 ,god bless--man 
mu/ help himself4   ,love ,god & man2   
:at high] rule c !re be8 we are ask$4   
,b ! actual "w ( ! mod]n man is widely  
diff]5t f :at ,jesus or ,paul p]ceiv$4  
,to und]/& natural =ces & ally himself )
 !m2 to rightly ord] t va/ly complex    
organism1 ! /ate2 to frankly enjoy !    
pleasures ( ! heal?y body2 to disc]n !  
beauty ( ! surr\nd+ _w2 to reproduce    
beauty 9 art2 to reli% ! humor ( !      
_w1--^! are aims :i* w\ld h s\nd$ /range
 to ,paul1 to ,jesus1 or to ,epictetus4 
,to seek ! be/1 n = ourselves alone b = 
o!rs1 ev5 at co/ to ourselves2 to       
control our l[] natures by our high]    
natures2 to feel a relation ) !         
,supreme1--^! 7 ! aims & inspirations ( 
! e>li] ,*ri/ianity2 & !y rema91 b )    
enl>g$ & new application4   ,sci5ce has 
n p5etrat$ to ! inn] secret ( life1 :i* 
is be/ rea*$ by o!r approa*es4  ,b x has
 enorm\sly affect$ all ?9k+ by !        
discov]y ( ,evolution4  ,! recognition (
 gr[?--a gradual1 causal process--9     

mank9d's :ole advance1 alt]s ! entire   
face ( hi/ory & prophecy4  ,j z x       
elim9ates sup]naturalism f ! pa/1 s x   
guides pres5t progress & inspires :ile x
 mod]ates anticipation ( ! future4      
,!re gr[s ! s5se ( "s unfa?omable unity4
  ,creator & creature are n %>ply       
sep>at$1 z by ! !ologians3 !y are ev5 m 
closely unit$ ?an ! fa!r & son ( ,jesus4
  ,s1 too1 ! unity ( humanity--( all    
s\ls--until ! idea ( p]sonal immortality
 bl5ds ) "s dimly conceiv$ b great]     
reality4   ,x is impossible to portray  
"u a s+le image ! ideal ( to-day1       
because _m ideals coexi/4  ,!re is      
inf9ite diff]5ce ( moral developm5t1 z  
_m *>act]s z !re are m52 ! v>iety ( !   
spiritual _w is l t ( ! mat]ial _w1 & ! 
div]sity gives ri*ness & *>m4  ,& ! =w>d
 movem5t ( ! ages is immeasurably       
complex4  ,yet c]ta9 broad movem5ts are 
traceable4  ,d "r & fe> no?+1 0 ! ^w (  
,/oicism4  ,god is holy2 be ye holy1 0 !
 ^w ( ,hebraism1 gr[+ cle>]1 /amp+      
itself by in/itutions & inh]itance4     

,god is love2 love ye1 0 ! ^w (         
,*ri/ianity4  ,! life ( ,jesus 0 !      
symbol ( t idea1 & gave impulse & law to
 ! new society4  ,x 0 9 keep+ ) ! ,/oic 
doctr9e ( ,provid5ce1 b x came ?r\gh !  
imag9ation to ! he>t1 m p[]ful ?an !    
calm utt]ance ( reason4  ,! ,*ri/ian    
s5se ( s9 0 ! int5se =ce to r\se !      
anci5t _w f its easy-go+ cont5t4  ,x 0  
necess>y t purity %\ld become a passion4
  ,! dogma ( depravity 0 ! intellectual 
exagg]ation ( ?is4  ,a ,god :o di$ to   
save m5 f s9 & hell 0 its natural       
c\nt]p>t4  ,:5 ! *ur* _h work$ "u !     
control ( ^! ideas = fifte5 hundr$ ye>s1
 !re woke aga9 9 mank9d ! s5se ( joy1   
beauty1 k1 z good 9 !mselves &          
,god-giv54  ,humanity 0 only half ripe =
 ?is tru?1 & aga9 ! au/]e impulse       
reass]t$ itself 9 ,calv9ism1 9          
,puritanism1 9 ! ,jesuits4  ,b k1 joy1  
naturalness1 w5t on gr[+2 !y h *ang$ !  
conception ( religion itself1 turn+ x to
 ! s5se ( a pres5t z well z a future    
fruition4  ,! s5se ( human suff]+ comes 

9 our day to full realization4  ,! be/  
impulse ( ! "t ?r[s itself aga9/ t1 z   
=m]ly aga9/ s94  ,j z ! evil ( s9 0     
ov]/at$ & became an exagg]ation & t]ror1
 s ! s5se ( human suff]+ is (t5         
ov]/ret*$ & becomes pessimism4  ,b1     
ess5tially1 a fre% & p[]ful en?usiasm   
assails ! evils ( mank9d4  ,x aims to   
educate & elevate ! :ole be+1--to save  
m54  ,x has 9 sci5ce a new in/rum5t4  ,!
 old hope ( "s spe$y mill5nium is gone4 
,we see t ! g5]al advance mu/ be sl[4   
,b we also see t ! imp]fect condition is
 n s t]rible z x 0 once suppos$3 x does 
n incur hell2 x does n imply total      
depravity2 x may ev5 s]ve z /epp+-/one  
to high] ?+s4  ,all ! high] phases (    
man's nature po9t toge!r4  ,! highe/    
?\ght says1 ,all is well2 ! deepe/      
feel+1 ,god is love2 ! human affection  
realizes its immortality2 ! see+ eye    
f9ds univ]sal beauty2 ! pr(\nde/ ye>n+  
enfolds ! promise1 ,i %all be satisfi$4 
,we may foll[ ! /ory by ano!r ?read4  ,a
 human society inspir$ & b\nd toge!r by 

! highe/ traits1 consci\sly ensph]$ 9 a 
div9e p[] & inspir$ by x1--?is is !     
ideal :i* has be5 rea*$ t[>d & gr[n t[>d
 ?r\gh all ! ages4  ,its primitive g]m 0
 ,israel's hope ( a spl5did national    
future4  ,9 ,jesus ?is exp&$ into !     
,k+dom ( ,god among m51--t is1 ! p]fect 
reign ( goodness1 love1 & ! human-div9e 
relation ( son & fa!r4  ,he look$ = its 
realization by miracle1 & :5 t fail$    
said1 ,?y w be done1 & di$1 tru/+ all to
 ! ,fa!r4  ,8 foll[]s1 at fir/ "u !     
dream ( 8 second com+1 settl$ into a    
society b\nd toge!r by common rules &   
ideals4  ,! ,ca?olic *ur* 0 born & grew4
  ,mix$ ) all human elem5ts (           
imp]fection1 x advanc$ a long way t[>d !
 goal1 !n divid$ its sway ) new en]gies4
  ,9 ! political & social life (        
,europe1 & especially ( ,engl&1 !re     
sl[ly grew up a population fit =        
self-gov]nm5t 9 place ( gov]nm5t by !   
few4  ,?omas ,m =esaw prophetically a   
community :i* %\ld realize ! l(tie/     
vision1 & ^: bond %\ld be human &       

social1 n !ologic4  ,! ,puritan tri$ to 
en=ce ! w ( ,god1 z he und]/ood x1 by   
au?ority1--to build a commonweal? on    
,hebrew l9es4  ,he fail$1 9 ,engl& &    
,am]ica1 b /amp$ 8 "* on bo? peoples4   
,!n came ! essay ( ! ,quak] t[>d a reign
 ( peace4  ,next1 ! ,wesleyan movem5t1  
quick5+ ! ,engli% he>t & consci5ce1 &   
s5d+ ! wave :i* did 9 a degree = ! ,we/ 
( ,am]ica :at ,puritanism & ,quak]ism   
did = ! ,ea/4  ,!n ! upris+ 9           
,france1--! passionate aspiration =     
lib]ty1 equality1 frat]nity1--at w> )   
,*ri/ianity1 in/ead ( at "o ) x l       
,engli% fre$om1 & work+ great & mix$    
results4  ,we see ! ,am]ican republic1  
f\nd$ by a bl5d+ ( h>d common s5se1     
exp]i5ce1 devotion1 & wid5+ purpose1 &  
be/ typifi$ 9 ,wa%+ton4  ,9 ,l9coln !   
problem ( ! ,am]ican commonweal?--to    
ma9ta9 unity1 yet purify itself--& !    
problem ( a human life are bo? solv$ by 
! old virtues1 hone/y1 self-rule1       
self-devotion4  ,! pres5t movem5t ( ! _w
 is t[>d a nobl] social ord]4  ,x is to 

lift ! common man upw>d1 on mat]ial good
 z a /epp+-/one1 t[>d ! height ( ! sa9t 
& se]4  ,?is is ! bett] s\l ( democracy1
 ! noble elem5t 9 politics1 ! re=mation 
9 ! *ur*es1 ! bond ( sympa?y ) ,*ri/4   
,along ) ?is goes a new p]sonal ideal1  
exemplifi$ 9 ,em]son1--accept+ ! pres5t 
_w z ! symbol & in/rum5t ( a cele/ial   
de/9y4  ,cont5t+ himself ) ob$i5ce1 man 
becomes div9e4   ,9 ! ,gospel hi/ory1 ! 
figures ( ! woman & ! *ild take a high  
place4  ,9 ,jesus himself ! fem99e      
elem5t bl5t ) ! mascul9e4  ,m$ieval     
religion & art f\nd _! be/ symbol 9 !   
figure ( ! "m clasp+ h] babe4  ,our     
mod]n "t is giv+ fre$om to woman &      
recogniz+ h] equality ) man1 & we are   
le>n+ t ! secret ( ! _w's advance lies 9
 ! "r tra9+ ( *ildr5 "u natural law4  ,s
 ! s5tim5t :i* gr[s up 9 ! natural      
relations ( life is elevat$ by religion1
 !n develop$ & p]fect$ by fre$om & by   
sci5ce4   ,= u ! practical problem is ! 
cultivation ( ! religi\s nature along ) 
! o!r elem5ts ( a complete manhood4  ,we

 are n oblig$ by intellectual process to
 create a religi\s s5tim5t 9 ourselves4 
,we inh]it t s5tim5t4  ,x is l ! s5se ( 
purity or ( beauty1--beyond             
demon/ration1 except ! demon/ration (   
exp]i5ce4  ,we ne$ only to supply ! "r  
conditions = its education &            
application4  ,! belief t ! spiritual   
life 0 dep5d5t on c]ta9 in/itutions &   
beliefs 0 ! key to ! ecclesia/ical      
tyranny ( ! pa/4  ,we h virtually escap$
 t tyranny4  ,n[1 9 ! atmosph]e (       
fre$om1 we cultivate ! spiritual life1 &
 x proves deep] & fair] ?an ev] be=e4   
,v  ,,daily ,,bread  ,:5 ,*>les ,lyell  
address$ himself to ! problems (        
geology1 he f\nd t 8 pr$ecessors 9 !    
/udy _h acc\nt$ = all ! /up5d\s ph5om5a 
^: /ory is writt5 9 ! e>?'s cru/1 on !  
supposition ( va/ cata/rophic           
di/urbances 9 ! remote pa/1 because !y  
held t ^! effects 7 too prodigi\s to h  
be5 wr\ght by ! ord9>y sl[ processes (  
nature ) :i* we are famili>4  ,lyell    
took up ! "q by ! ne> & homely end4  ,he

 pati5tly wat*$ ! work+s ( heat & cold1 
sun%9e & ra9 & fro/1 summ] & w9t]1 9 !  
fields ab\t 8 own h\se4  ,he le>n$ !re  
:at ^! famili> =ces are capable (1 9 :at
 directions !y op]ate1 & 9 !m he f\nd ! 
clew to ! /ory ( ! pa/ aeons4  ,"r ab\t 
8 door/ep 7 ! magicians t _h done x all4
  ,t illu/rates ! process ( discov]y 9 !
 spiritual univ]se4  ,we are n to so> up
 into inf9ity to f9d ,god4  ,! only air 
t w support our w+s is t :i* encircles  
closely ?is famili> planet4 ,let u look 
= a div9e significance 9 homely ?+s4    
,"h is ,goodness4  ,x is "r ab\t u1 9 p 
:om we "k & meet e day1 pla9ly visible  
to eyes t "k h[ to see x4  ,"h are all  
its =ms4  ,innoc5ce1--! v image ( x     
looks ^u y f _m a *ild's face4  ,c\rage1
 firmness1 self-control1--y may read !m 
9 ! l9es ( _m a manly c\nt5ance4        
,purity1--:o has n felt its hall[+ reg>d
 fall ^u him f ! eyes ( maid & matron8  
,pity1 t5d]ness1 sympa?y1--^! angels    
move ab\t u 9 human =ms1 & he t ha? eyes
 to see !m sees4  ,f95ess ( "* mu/ be   

recogniz$ by sympa!tic obs]vation4 ,!re 
mu/ be ! wat*ful att5tiv5ess1 l t ( !   
sculptor /udy+ 8 subject1 ! hunt] track+
 8 prey4  ,& !re mu/ be 9 ! obs]v]      
himself "s quality ak9 to t he w\ld     
detect4  ,only ! good see goodness1 only
 ! lov] sees love4  ,a "m w\ld convey to
 h] little daught] "s full s5se ( !     
mo!rly feel+ t ye>ns )9 h]1 b h[ c x be 
done8  ,9 j "o way3 let t daught] gr[ up
 & h *ildr5 ( h] own1 !n %e w "k h[ h]  
"m felt4  ,w\ld we "k some?+ ( ! ,div9e 
,"m-he>t8  ,we mu/ fir/ get 9 ourselves 
some?+ ( ! "m-feel+4  ,e "o t love?     
kn[e? ,god & is born ( ,god4  ,p]haps   
!re has be5 giv5 to u "s human          
fri5d1--p>5t or comrade1 husb& or       
wife1--9 :om z n[h]e else we see !      
beauty ( ! s\l4 ,be/1 div9e/ gift ( life
 is su* a fri5d z t1--a fri5d :o fills  
t[>d u a place l t to :i* our poet s    
nobly aspires3--    ,y %all n love me = 
:at daily sp5ds1   ,y %all n "k me on ! 
noisy /reet1   ,:]e ,i1 z o!rs1 foll[   
petty ends2   ,nor :5 9 fair saloons we 

*ance to meet2   ,nor :5 ,i 'm jad$1    
sick1 anxi\s1 or mean2   ,b love me !n &
 only1 :5 y "k   ,me = ! *annel ( !     
riv]s ( ,god1   ,f deep1 ideal1 fontal  
heav5s t fl[4   ,sometimes ! fri5d ^:   
goodness s t\*es u z ) ! v pres5ce (    
,god is "o :om we h nev] se54  ,to      
millions ( he>ts t place has be5 fill$  
by ,*ri/4  ,^! l9es ( ,em]son--h]oic    
ideali/ t he 0--ask to be lov$ only :5  
he is at 8 highe/1 & s is felt z a      
revelation ( some?+ high] ?an himself4  
,b our be/ fri5ds--comrade1 "m1 or      
wife--love ! ideal s\l 9 u1 & love u no 
less :5 we are jad$1 sick1 anxi\s1 or   
mean1 cov]+ ) exquisite pity our        
infirmities1 & by _! nobility lift+ u   
out ( our bas5ess4  ,& 9 t affection :i*
 embraces our be/ & our wor/1 ^? human  
fri5ds are ! symbols--yes1 & are "p ( ! 
reality--( ! ,div9e love4  ,& :at is all
 beauty1 all gr&eur1 b ! manife/ation1  
?r\gh ! eye to ! s\l1 ( ! "o ,supreme   
,be+8  ,! m\nta9s1 ! sea1 ! sunset1 t\* 
u ) m ?an pleasure3 !y /ir 9 u "s awe1  

"s my/ic delight1 "s pr(\nd recognition 
( sacr$ reality4  ,h[ c we bett] frame !
 wond] 9 spee* ?an by say+1 ,j z my     
fri5d's face manife/s to me my fri5d1 s 
,nature is z ! v face ( ! liv+ ,god8  ,9
 ! processes ( human life1--! life we   
live & ! life we see1--!re is disc]nible
 a significance :i* gr[s m impressive1 m
 solemn1 m inspir+1 j z we le>n to read 
x intellig5tly4 ,:at a wond]ful drama is
 ?is play ( human lives1--?is p]petual  
trag$y & com$y1 ( :i* "s slight & fa9t  
transcript f9ds expression 9 ! pages (  
poet & noveli/6  ,we ne$s mu/ cont9ually
 see & feel some?+ ( x1 b we are apt to 
miss its be/ significance4  ,:at fa/5s  
our att5tion mo/ 9 our exp]i5ce1 or 9   
:at we sympa!tically wat* 9 o!rs1 is !  
elem5t ( enjoym5t or suff]+4  ,pa9 &    
pleasure are s v1 v real6  ,we a*e1 & we
 are sorry = ano!r's a*e2 we are joy\s1 
& glad 9 ano!r's joy4 ,& !re x (t5 /ops 
) u4  ,b all ! :ile some?+ is work+ "u !
 pa9 & pleasure4  ,"* is be+ made or    
m>r$4  ,yond] man ble$s1 & y sigh =     

him1--ah6 b a h]o is be+ m\ld$ !re4 ,&  
"h "o ?rives & prosp]s1 exp&s &         
radiates1--b a spiritual bankruptcy is  
approa*+4   ,:5 we look closely & deeply
 at ! _w ab\t u1--:e!r at ?is ord]$ _w (
 nature1 mov+ /eadily 9 its unbrok5 &   
maje/ic c\rse1 or at ! ext]nal aspect ( 
gr&eur & lovel9ess1 or at ! drama 9 :i* 
all m5 are actors1 z x is disclos$ to   
insight & sympa?y1 or at ! inn] _w ( ea*
 "o's p]sonal exp]i5ce1--d we n f9d     
ourselves 9 ! p]petual pres5ce (        
,goodness1 ,ord]1 ,beauty1 ,love8  ,are 
n ^! ! v pres5ce ( ,deity8  ,b1 y say1  
!re is also confusion to be se51--:at   
does t signify8  ,j s fa/ z human       
intellig5ce advances1 x f9ds t :at seem$
 disord] is really gov]n$ by /ricte/    
ord]4  ,y say1 ,we see ugl9ess z well z 
beauty1--:at does t mean8  ,ugl9ess     
s]ves its purpose 9 aid+ by repulsion to
 tra9 ! s5se ( beauty4  ,beauty1 & man's
 delight 9 x1 is ! end2 ugl9ess1 & our  
repulsion f x1 is b an incid5t & means4 
,y say1 ,we see wick$ness1--:at ( t8    

,may we n hope t wick$ness1 9 ! broad   
survey ( mank9d's upw>d progress1 is !  
/umbl+ ( a *ild ov] its alphabet8  ,!   
in/9ct t ! %ad[ is ! s]vant ( ! light1 t
 seem+ disord]1 ugl9ess1 s9 are b veil$ 
in/rum5ts ( good1--?is seems "o ( !     
tru?s :i* fla% ^u mank9d 9 gleams1 & :i*
 z ! race rises actually into nobl] life
 t5d to become cle> & /eadfa/           
conviction4   ,x is ! va/ness ( !       
,div9ity t ov]:elms u4  ,suppose a man1 
simple-he>t$ & imag9ative1 :o1 9 a      
di/ant c\ntry1 has read ( ,am]ica1 & has
 fa%ion$ h] 9 8 ?\ghts z a h]oic female 
figure1--a k9d ( goddess4  ,he has tak5 
z lit]al reality su* poetic descriptions
 z ^? 9 ,l[ell's ,commemoration ,ode &  
,em]son's ,bo/on ,hymn1--    ,lo6 ,i    
uncov] ! l&   ,:i* ,i hid ( old "t 9 !  
,we/1   ,z a sculptor uncov]s ! /atue   
,:5 he has wr\ght 8 be/4  ,& he comes to
 y & says1 ,%[ me ,am]ica6  ,& y %[ him 
a little ( ?is c\ntry1 its m\nta9s &    
lakes & riv]s1 its %ops & f>ms & p4  ,he
 is int]e/$ & gratifi$4  ,yet ?is is n  

:at he expect$2 & he says1 ,b %[ me     
,am]ica1--t radiant1 h]oic =m1 t goddess
 to *>m ! eyes & ! he>t4  ,& y tell him3
 ,b ,am]ica is too great to be tak5 9 s1
 at a glance4  ,y h j begun to see x4   
,y h se5 ,new ,engl&'s hill-f>ms1 b y h 
n se5 ! prairies ( ! ,we/4  ,y h se5 !  
,p5obscot & ,k5nebec1 ! ,connecticut &  
,hudson2 b y h yet to see ! ,mississippi
 & ,niag>a4  ,i h tak5 y to ,katahd9 &  
,monadnock & ,m\nt ,wa%+ton1 b y h yet  
to behold ! ,alleghanies & ! ,rockies & 
,tacoma4  ,our p y h j begun to see3 our
 armies ( free toil]s1 our happy        
h\seholds1 our /rong m5 & lovely        
wom51--^! y are only beg9n+ to "k4 ,& he
 says1 p]haps3 ,b all ?is is s diffuse1 
s v>i\s1 s difficult to compreh5d6  ,i  
_h fanci$ ,am]ica z "s "o beautiful1 "s 
"o to love4  ,h[ c "o love su* a        
scatt]$1 imm5se1 div]sifi$ ?+ z ?is y   
describe to me8  ,well1 y tell him3 ,y  
may n und]/& x yet a:ile2 b ?is c\ntry  
:i* y say is n a ?+ to love 0 9 p]il (  
its life a few ye>s ago1 & x 0 s lov$ t 

m5 by hundr$s ( ?\s&s left home1 & risk$
 life & all = x1 & _! mo!rs & wives &   
si/]s s5t !m =?4  ,t is h[ ,am]ica c be 
lov$6  ,9 "s su* fa%ion z ?is d we grope
 aft] a ,god :om we c compreh5d at a    
glance2 &1 lo6 8 pres5ce fills !        
univ]se4  ,say n1 ,:o %all asc5d into   
heav5 to br+ him d[n1 or :o %all desc5d 
into hell to br+ him up8 = he is nigh   
!e1 be=e ?y eyes & 9 ?y he>t4   ,! *ief 
revelation we ne$ is ! education ( our  
own p]ceptive p[]s4  ,sir ,john ,lubbock
 has po9t$ out1 9 a v /rik+ passage1 t !
 mat]ial _w may convey itself ?r\gh o!r 
s5ses ?an ! five :i* we possess1 t !re  
may be innum]able o!r s5ses1 & t "s ( ^!
 may p]haps be already develop$ 9 o!r   
creatures ?an man4  ,su* a sugge/ion    
/irs our curiosity & desire2 b h[ few ( 
u h le>n$ to rightly use ! five s5ses we
 h6  ,& ( ! moral p]ceptions we h b a   
mo/ rudim5t>y developm5t4  ,we are      
unconsci\s ( mo/ ( ! _w we live 91      
unconsci\s ev5 ( :at _m ( our fell[-m5  
disc]n4  ,did y ev] happ5 to be 9 !     

pres5ce ( a sunset1 flood+ ! heav5s )   
glory1 ) a companion :o %[$ no sign (   
p]ceiv+ ! spl5dor8  ,ah6 p]haps he 0    
bl9d$ to x by "s secret grief or c>e1 "s
 tr\ble :i* y might h discov]$ 9 him &  
com=t$1 _h y\r sympa?y be5 z acute z y\r
 s5se ( beauty4  ,b did 8 bl9dness1     
:atev] its cause1 sugge/ to y t y p]haps
 7 at t mom5t 9 ! pres5ce ( sublime     
realities1 to :i* y\r consci\sness 0    
clos$ z 8 0 to ! sunset8   ,to recognize
 consci\sly ! spiritual elem5ts 9 !     
univ]se belongs p>tly to a "r           
cultivation ( "*1 & p>tly x is due to   
natural end[m5t1 to an intellectual     
faculty4  ,x is n1 aft] all1 ( s mu*    
acc\nt t we see ! div9e 9 life z t we h 
x 9 ourselves4  ,9 ?is "o s5t5ce1       
,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t1 = !y %all see
 ,god1 ,jesus puts spiritual vision z ! 
result ( a moral quality4  ,b x is !    
moral quality itself on :i*1 9 "o =m &  
ano!r1 8 bless+ is con/antly pron\nc$4  
,s1 if y say1 ,i _c see1--,god is 9 no  
s5se visible to me1 yet !re rema9 /ill  

mo/ preci\s gifts1 if y w take !m4      
,bless$ are ! g5tle1 ! peacemak]s1 !    
m]ciful1 !y t d hung] & ?ir/ aft]       
righte\sness2 bless$ are ! sympa!tic1 ! 
/\t-he>t$1 ! op5-ey$1 ! op5-h&$2 pla9 & 
simple & sure are ^! b5$ictions4  ,!    
pres5ce ( ,div9ity :i* x is mo/ ess5tial
 t we recognize is ! *oice p]petually   
pres5t$ to u betwe5 a high] & a l[]     
c\rse ( action4  ,:e!r "o has ! joyful1 
uplift+ vision is ( small consequ5ce 9  
comp>ison ) :e!r he /eadily *ooses &    
foll[s ! "r4   ,no "o c be reason$ or   
p]suad$ into any liv+ fai? 9 ,god or    
immortality1 any m ?an reason &         
p]suasion c draw f ! cold ,april furr[ !
 field ( wav+ :eat4  ,! fai? gr[s 9 !   
individual & 9 ! race1 "u t culture to  
:i* ! high] p[]s subject u1--a culture 9
 :i* ! elem5ts are exp]i5ce & fidelity1 
?\ght & action1 love & loss1 aspiration 
& a*ievem5t4  ,love & ,loss1 ! sweete/  
angel & ! /]ne/ "o1 jo9 _! h&s to give u
 t gift ( ! immortal hope4  ,if "o asks1
 ,h[ %all ,i ga9 fai? 9 ,god & hope (   

immortality8 :at bett] answ] c we give  
him ?an ?is3 ,be fai?ful1 live1 & love6 
,"w & love press _! treasures on y )    
full h&s4  ,op5 y\r eyes to ! glory ( ! 
univ]se4  ,wat* ! _w's new life quick5+ 
9 bud & bird-song4  ,get into sympa!tic 
curr5t ) ! he>ts ar\nd y4  ,be s9c]e2 be
 a man4  ,keep op5-m9d$ to all k1 & keep
 humble 9 ! s5se ( y\r ignorance4  ,seek
 ! company t ennobles1 ! sc5es t        
ennoble1 ! books t ennoble4  ,9 y\r     
d>ke/ h\r1 set y\rself to bright5       
ano!r's life4  ,be pati5t4  ,if an      
oak-tree takes a c5tury to get its gr[?1
 %all a man expect to w9 8 cr[n 9 a day8
  ,f9d :at ^w ( pray] y c s9c]ely say1 &
 say x ) y\r he>t4  ,look at ! moral    
mean+s ( ?+s4  ,le>n to feel ?r\gh y\r  
own littl5ess t high] p[] out ( :i*     
comes all ! good 9 y4  ,jo9 y\rself to  
m5 :]ev] y c f9d !m 9 t noble/ attitude1
 true wor%ip ( a liv+ ,god4  ,"k t to   
mank9d are set two tea*]s ( immortality1
 & see to x t y s fai?fully le>n ( ,love
 t ,sorr[ :5 %e comes %all p]fect !     

lesson4   ,love 9 its simple/ & mo/     
common =ms is (t5 /rangely wise4  ,_m a 
"m le>ns f ! light ( h] baby's eyes m   
?an all wisdom ( books c tea*4  ,:5 !   
little1 unconsci\s ?+ is tak5 f h] arms1
 !re is giv5 to h] sometimes a feel+1   
,my baby is m9e =ev]2 a feel+ 9 ^:      
pres5ce we /& 9 rev]5t1 t5d] awe4 ,x is 
n e exp]i5ce ( b]eavem5t :i* br+s ) x   
?is uplift ( com=t4  ,b to ! noble love 
( a noble object !re comes ! s5se (     
some?+ 9 ! belov$ t outla/s dea?4  ,to !
 noble love1 = mo/ ( our affection has a
 selfi% /ra9 9 x2 ! cl++ to ano!r = :at 
( pres5t enjoym5t he yields to u br+s   
small illum9ation or assurance4  ,b z   
self loses itself 9 ano!r's life1 !re   
comes to u ! deep in/9ct ( some?+ ov]   
:i* dea? has no p[]4  ,above all1 :5 we 
unselfi%ly love "o 9 :om dwells moral   
nobility1--:5 x is a great & vital &    
holy nature to :i* we jo9               
ourselves1--!re comes to u a pr(\nd &   
pregnant s5se ( its immortality4  ,x is 
:5 dea?'s /roke has fall5 t t s5se rises

 into full1 triumphant bloom4  ,no wond]
 ! disciples felt t _! ,ma/] liv$6      
,!irs 0 ! exp]i5ce t 9 sub/ance repeats 
itself :5ev] f among ^? :o love x a     
noble s\l goes home4  ,x 0 because      
,jesus 0 supremely noble1 & !y _h lov$  
him ) consummate affection1 t _!        
exp]i5ce 0 s int5se & vivid4  ,its true 
significance lay 9 ?is1 t x 0 n         
sup]natural b natural4  ,x is /&+ !     
pyramid on its apex to d$uce all human  
goodness f ! goodness ( ,jesus1 & to    
argue a univ]sal immortality solely f 8 
ris+4  ,let u place ! pyramid f\r-squ>e 
9 ! univ]sal tru? ( human nature4  ,let 
u gr\nd our religion ^u ! moral         
fidelity1 ! human love1 ! spiritual     
aspiration1 & ! sob] reg>d = fact1 9 :i*
 all loyal s\ls c agree4  ,!n at its    
summit we %all get t "* ( :i* ,jesus is 
! type1 a "* 9 :i* self-sacrifice & joy 
div9ely bl5d1 & :i* 9 its passage f e>? 
imp>ts ! irresi/ible assurance ( a high]
 life beyond4  ,?is morn+ ! sun rose ^u 
e>? & trees encas$ 9 blaz+ jewelry (    

ice4  ,fa/1 fa/ ! beauty melt$ & 0      
gone1--& 9 its place1 behold ! br[n e>? 
t\*$ ) liv+ gre5 & teem+ ) promise2 !   
trees' /rong limbs tipp$ ) swell+ buds2 
& ov] all ! t5d]1 brood+ sky ( spr+4    
,ev5 s1 ! pageant ( ! miracle-/ory      
dissolves1 to give place to ! natural   
consci\sness ( et]nal beauty & et]nal   
life4  ,a gr\p ( ,am]icans meet 9 a     
=eign city1 & !y talk fondly ( home1 &  
to ea* ( !m home has its special mean+4 
,"o says3 ,i rememb] ! gre5 hill-pa/ures
 & ! great elms & ! :ite f>mh\ses2 ,i "k
 j h[ ! autumn woods are look+1 & !     
/ock$ corn1 & ! pumpk9s rip5+ 9 ! sun2 &
 ,i am homesick = a sight ( x all4      
,ano!r says3 ,x is ! nation t ,i ?9k (4 
,to me ,am]ica seems ! home ( ! poor    
man1 ! common man4  ,%e is work+ out    
great & difficult que/ions 9 gov]nm5t & 
society1 & ,i h /rong fai? t ! outcome (
 x all is go+ to be a great good to !   
_w4  ,i long to take "p once m 9 t      
national life2 & ov] "h among /rang]s ,i
 want at lea/ to ,le no discr$it to !   

de> old c\ntry1 & if possible to pick up
 "s bit ( k or exp]i5ce t ,i c add to ! 
common /ock :5 ,i get home4  ,a ?ird man
 says3 ,yes1 t's all true2 b ,i don't   
(t5 ?9k ( x 9 s big a way z t4  ,i want 
to see my old neighbors4  ,& 9 ^! =eign 
,sundays ,i get hungry = ! old *ur*     
,i've be5 to ev] s9ce ,i 0 a boy1 & !   
pray]s1 & ! old tunes4  ,ano!r1 p]haps1 
is sil5t2 b to 8 he>t all ! :ile are    
pres5t ! faces ( 8 wife & *ildr54  ,z !y
 end _! talk & g out toge!r1 up ! h>bor 
comes a gallant %ip1 & at h] peak float 
! />s & /ripes2 & at ! sight ?r\gh ea*  
he>t runs a common ?rill ( love &       
devotion4  ,"o man's ?\ght ( home is !  
broad]1 & ano!r's is ! t5d]]2 b ,am]ica 
is home to !m all4  ,s into ea* loyal   
s\l !re %9es a ray f ! div9e ,sun & ,s\l
 ( ! univ]se4  ,ea*1 accord+ to 8       
individual capacity1 receives ( !       
fullness ( ,him t fille? all 9 all4  ,to
 "s m9ds ! beauty ( nature br+s a deep &
 inspir+ s5se ( div9ity4  ,z "o :o has  
?is s5sibility looks on ! hills & woods 

flu%+ 9 ! t5d] radiance ( autumn1 !re   
comes to him p]haps no articulate &     
consci\s ?\ght4  ,he may n "n ! "n (    
,god1 or ?9k x4  ,b ! s\l is uplift$4   
,!re fl[s 9 ^u x "s high s]5ity1 "s     
my/]i\s s5se ( ineffable good4  ,if f   
su* a sc5e "o returns to life's         
activities 9 brav]1 tru]1 & g5tl] mood1 
!re has be5 to him a div9e revelation4  
,"s m5 are ( a metaphysical turn ( m9d1 
& n only _! ?\ghts b all _! emotional   
exp]i5ce1 all t directs _! purpose &    
animates _! feel+1 is ca/ 9 ! m\ld (    
highly ab/ract ideas4 ,!y express       
!mselves 9 phrases :i* to mo/ p seem    
cold or mean+less1--an empty sub/itute =
 ! w>m? ( religi\s life4  ,b to ! ?9k]  
himself ^! phrases /& = pr(\nd          
realities4  ,x may be t words :i* h to  
o!r e>s ! dryness ( a ma!matical =mula  
are to him ! expression ( moral purpose 
& sacr$ tru/4 ,su* an "o may say3 ,i d n
 recognize a p]sonal ,god1 ,i d n "k t  
,i %all h any p]sonal immortality2 b ,i 
believe 9 ! moral ord] ( ! univ]se &    

seek to con=m to x4  ,i fe>lessly tru/  
my de/9y "h & h]eaft]4  ,p]haps on mo/ (
 8 he>]s ! words fall coldly2 b if !y   
see t ! speak]'s life be>s fruit (      
goodness & h]oism & s]vice1 !y may be   
sure t1 ?\gh 9 a language /range to !m1 
,god has spok5 to 8 s\l4  ,!re are a    
great _m p1 & "s ( ! v be/ ( p1 :o nev] 
get any vivid or di/9ct appreh5sion (   
realities above ! sph]e ( _! p]sonal    
activity4  ,(t5 !y con=m to ! usages & !
 language ( a religi\s fai? 9 :i* !y h  
be5 educat$1 &1 v likely1 feel "s       
self-reproa* t !y "k s little ( !       
spiritual exp]i5ces :i* o!rs speak (4   
,!re are m51 too1 :o frankly say1 ,i    
don't "k mu* ab\t ,god2 ,i c't get hold 
( :at folks call religion2 b ,i try to d
 my "w hone/ly1 & ,i want to help o!r p 
j z mu* z ,i c4  ,"s ( ! mo/ g5u9e      
religion 9 ! _w exi/s 9 p :o are almo/  
unconsci\s t !y h any religion4  ,!     
simple desire to d "r1 & ! con/ant      
read9ess to l5d a h&1--t is ! revelation
 :i* su* s\ls receive4  ,ano!r v l>ge   

class--a class :i* once includ$ mo/ ( ! 
di/9ctively religi\s _w--crave & f9d !  
w>m? ( a p]sonal relation ) ,*ri/ z !   
only satisfy+ ?+4  ,x is "o ( ! great & 
wond]ful facts ( human hi/ory1 ?is      
p]sonal devotion ( unnumb]$ s\ls ?r\gh\t
 ! ages to ,jesus4  ,9 its int5se/ =m x 
is affection to a liv+ p]sonality4  ,any
 attempt to expla9 x z an appreciation (
 b5efic5t influ5ces ( :i* ,jesus 0 !    
hi/orical orig9ator1 or z ! reproduction
 ( a temp] & purpose resembl+ t :i* 0 9 
,jesus1 fails to satisfy ^? 9 :om love  
to ,*ri/ is ! rul+ s5tim5t4  ,x is a    
p]son1 & a liv+ p]son1 t !y love4  ,"o  
may decl9e to accept ! !ories :i* are   
wont to accompany ! s5tim5t2 "o may n   
believe t ,jesus 0 ,god1 nor t p]sonal  
love = him c be requir$ z an ess5tial "p
 ( religion2 &1 at ! same "t1 "o may    
believe t :5 a noble s\l passes f e>?1 x
 rises into yet nobl] exi/5ce1 & may be 
truly appreh5d$ & pr(\ndly lov$ by ^? :o
 are "h4  ,c]ta9ly we see ?is3 t to _m  
m5 & wom5 ! /ronge/ & holie/ s5tim5t (  

life is affection = a p]sonal embodim5t 
( goodness & love1 :o once walk$ 9      
,galilee & ,j]usalem1 exi/+ n[ 9 !      
invisible realm1 sympa?iz+ ) all human  
aspiration1 pitiful to all human        
weakness & sorr[1 inspir+ to all ef=t & 
hope & tru/4  ,t s5tim5t is surely a    
bless$ revelation to ^? 9 :om x         
exi/s1--! w>m & liv+ symbol ( an et]nal 
reality4  ,to _m1 ! disclosure ( ,god is
 made 9 "s way especially p]sonal to    
!mselves4  ,v (t5 "s human fri5d is !   
be/ manife/ation & assurance ( div9ity4 
,our fai? leans on ! fai? ( ! be/ & mo/ 
lov+ p]son we h kn[n4  ,sometimes !     
he>t's natural language is ,my fa!r's   
,god1 my "m's ,god4  ,) "s1 ! life      
beyond dea? fir/ becomes real to        
consci\sness :5 ! he>t's treasure has   
be5 tak5 !re4  ,sometimes1 9 look+ ^u   
"o's own life1 "o becomes deeply        
consci\s ( ! high] guidance t has l$ x4 
,!re are h\rs 9 :i* pa/ sorr[s %9e out z
 heav5ly mess5g]s ( good4  ,!re dawns ^u
 u a s5se ( ! bless$ness t life has     

held2 all its highe/ exp]i5ces become   
in/9ct ) ! sugge/ion ( a cele/ial mean+ 
t we z yet b half appreh5d4  ,we escape 
= ! mom5t f ! ?ralldom ( self2 p]sonal  
happ9ess m]ges 9 some?+ high]2 we are   
glad & /ill 9 ! s5se ( a div9e ,w work+ 
9 u & 9 all ?+s4  ,9 su* h\rs ! s\l     
says1 ,my ,god4  ,!re is inf9ite v>iety 
( p]sonal exp]i5ce2 s _m k9ds ( voices 9
 ! _w1 & none ( !m )\t signification4   
,"o man has be5 deep 9 drunk5ness &     
debau*]y1 he has gr[n reckless &        
hopeless2 b ?r\gh "s fri5dly voice !re  
rea*es him an impulse to a new &        
successful ef=t2 !re comes 9 ^u him !   
s5se ( a div9e love2 a mighty =giv+ &   
re/or+ =ce seems to seize him & draw him
 back to life4  ,9 8 religion !reaft]   
!re may be ! gl[+ emotion ( "o :o has   
be5 =giv5 mu* & loves mu*4 ,ano!r man   
walks always 9 /eady allegiance to      
consci5ce & "r1 & nev] has any raptur\s 
emotions2 is n he1 too1 ! *ild ( ,god8  
,we dislike ! prodigal's eld] bro!r = 8 
jeal\sy2 b 8 fa!r's ^w to him1 despite t

 t\* ( unwor?9ess1 03 ,son1 ?\ art ev] )
 me1 & all t ,i h is ?9e4  ,"o ^: life  
fl[s ) smoo? curr5t may f9d !           
significance ( religion 9 duty r ?an 9  
tru/4  ,to su* a "o ,god may appe> z an 
ideal1 inspir+ conduct1 b n z a p[]1    
controll+ ev5ts4  ,b ^u him1 x may be1  
!re breaks "s great em]g5cy ( life &    
dea?2 ! he>t cries out l a *ild wak+    
fright5$ 9 ! night1 & !re answ]s x1 f "s
 dep? f> bel[ its fe>1 a voice t says   
,peace6  ,9 t h\r ! s\l f9ds its fa!r4  
,!reaft] pass+ d\bts & fe>s c b ruffle !
 surface = a mom5t4   ,9 our nor!rn     
w9t]1 h[ p]fectly ! trees bl5d ) ! sc5e 
ab\t !m6  ,!y seem :olly a "p ( w9t]'s  
gr& b lifeless _w1 & ) :at beauty d !y  
cr[n t _w1--! column> trunks1 ! mighty  
grip ( ! roots ^u ! firm e>?1 ! ar*+    
sweep ( /alw>t b\ghs1 ! delicate trac]y 
aga9/ ! sky6  ,!y answ] to ! season's   
mood1 b5d+ 9 pati5t grace b5ea? a load (
 sn[1 cas+ !mselves 9 jewels1 or spr++  
up aga9 9 sl5d] /r5g?2 sil5t1 except :5 
! deep voice ( ! w9d speaks ?r\gh !m4   

,_! %ad[s s(t5 ! sunlight glitt]+ on !  
sn[1 or weave a black fretwork :5 ! cold
 moon %9es4  ,yet vital 9 _! he>ts !    
trees hold summ]'s secret4  ,a little   
:ile1 & !y w be clo!d 9 ! leafy glory ( 
,june4  ,! rob9 & catbird & oriole w s+ 
hidd5 among _! bran*es4  ,( t summ]     
season ! trees w be ! delight & cr[n1 t 
n[ /& l true *ildr5 ( w9t]4  ,!y /& n[ s
 /rong & true because ( t hidd5 life )9 
!m :i* summ] w fully disclose4  ,x is   
because x is alive t ! trunk b5ds to !  
/orm b does n break1 & ! twigs hold up  
_! load ( sn[4  ,s1 !re are lives t s   
fit !mselves to ?is _w 9 :i* !y /& t !y 
become its f9e/ "p4  ,_! sympa?y f9ds   
out ! secret ne$s & possibilities ( ^?  
ab\t !m4  ,_! insight disc]ns ! "w :i*  
society mo/ ne$s1 & _! fidelity         
accompli%es t "p ( ! "w :i* falls to !m4
  ,_! natures /& op5 to all ! glad      
influ5ces ( e>?2 _! he>ts rejoice ) !m t
 d rejoice1 & weep ) !m t weep4  ,!y    
make full pro( ( ^? exp]i5ces 9 :i*     
=titude & sil5t endurance are ! only    

res\rce4  ,sometimes !y are happy1 &    
sometimes !y are sad2 b always o!r p are
 happi] because ( !m4  ,!y are ! *ildr5 
( a bett] c\ntry4  ,= !m ! s\l's full   
summ] waits4  ,kn[+ !m1 we d inde$ "k   
some?+ ( ,god & ! et]nal life4   ,!re is
 fre$om to be a*iev$ f ! pett9ess ( our 
lives4  ,!y nev]1 p]haps1 look s pitiful
 z :5 !y seem made up altoge!r ( little1
 necess>y details4  ,our plant+ & reap+1
 build+ & buy+1 all ! half-me*anical    
op]ations t absorb our ?\ght & "t1 seem 
sometimes little bett] ?an ! bu/le ( a  
colony ( ants4 ,:5 we look d[n ^u x all 
f ! height ( "s quiet1 m$itative h\r1   
are we n at times oppress$ ) a s5se (   
its triviality & wor?lessness8  ,trivial
 & wor?less x is1 except z amid/ x all  
we are work+ out some?+ high]4  ,b to a 
man ^: he>t is set on noble ends2 "o ^: 
great aim is1 n to get 8 bread & butt]1 
b to be a man2 "o :o wants1 n j to make 
a pr(it out ( 8 neighbors1 b to s]ve !m 
& help !m1 ^! details are no m trivial  
or degrad+ ?an ! r\gh dress & homely    

tools ( a sculptor are unwor?y ( ! m>ble
 beauty t is gr[+ "u 8 h&s4  ,! high    
purpose consecrates & transfigures all1 
! want ( purpose degrades all4  ,i h    
/ood 9 ,switz]l& ^u ! ,gorn] ,grat1     
look+ ^u ! gr&e/ sc5e 9 ,europe4  ,on e 
side a circle ( t[]+ heights look d[n2  
aga9/ ! sky rise dazzl+ sn[y summits1   
cele/ially pure1 cele/ially t5d]2 !     
,matt]horn fr[ns 9 awful maje/y2 va/    
ice-riv]s sweep d[n t[>d ! valley 9     
solemn1 sil5t m>*4  ,if !re be ^u e>? a 
spot t ( itself has p[] to hu% ! s\l )  
noble/ emotion1 x %\ld be t4  ,yet !re  
,i h se5 a company ( travel]s sp5d _!   
half-h\r 9 s5seless gabble & bant] & !  
laught] ( fools4  ,amid ! squalid       
surr\nd+s ( a ,new ,york t5em5t-h\se1 ,i
 h se5 a poor ,iri% woman liv+ ) su*    
=titude & fai? & g5]osity t x 0 a com=t 
& inspiration to meet h]4  ,t brave s\l 
ennobl$ its mean surr\nd+s ) a glory :i*
 n ! ,alps & ! sky c\ld fla% 9 ^u a he>t
 made bl9d & dull by ignoble ?\ghts4    
,if !re dwells 9 u ! _s ( life we %all  

be fre$ f ! bondage ( d\bt4  ,on h[ _m  
e>ne/ & aspir+ lives does d\bt ?r[ its  
*ill %ad[6  ,! _w is cross+ ! flood t   
divides ! old =m ( fai? f ! new4  ,!    
ris+ wat] /rikes cold to _m a he>t4  ,"h
 & !re ! waves sweep m5 (f f all moral  
foot+4  ,i "k n t = ! resolute &        
?\ghtful !re is any escape f "s suff]+ 9
 ! transition4  ,c\ld we be always sure 
t x is only a transition1--c\ld we "k   
always t a bett] c\ntry lies wait+      
u1--all might be easily borne4  ,!      
suff]+ we may n decl9e2 b safety1 utt]  
safety1 we may keep ?r\gh all4  ,life is
 always possible to u4  ,fidelity1      
purity1 self-sacrifice1--^! may always  
be ours4  ,are we baffl$ 9 our se>* = a 
div9e plan 9 ! univ]se8  ,let u look    
ne>] home2 c we n f9d ! clew to a div9e 
plan 9 our own lives8  ,yes1 !re ne$    
nev] fail to u an imm$iate tok5 (       
div9ity4  ,!re is always1 at ! l[e/1 a  
duty to be done4 ,!re is always1 at ! v 
l[e/1 a burd5 to be bravely borne4  ,!re
 is always "s "o to be help$4  ,d we    

say1 ,b ?is does n com=t me1 does n     
reassure me8  ,!n let x guide me6  ,x is
 n ess5tial t ,i %\ld be always 9 !     
sun%9e4  ,x is only ess5tial t 9 sun%9e 
or 9 d>kness my /e]+ %\ld be true4  ,&  
,i am nev] )\t a compass :ile ,i see t  
!re is = me a high] & a l[]1 a "r & a   
wrong1 to *oose betwe54   ,does any s5se
 ( bondage weigh y d[n8  ,disappo9tm5t1 
x may be1--failure1 life's fair promise 
blight$4  ,x may be ! bitt] slav]y (    
evil habit4  ,x may be a dull & apa!tic 
way ( life1 /irr$ ) a vague ye>n+ t[>d  
high] possibilities4  ,x may be !       
d>kness ( a lo/ fai?4  ,x may be a      
b]eavem5t t has empti$ life4  ,:atev] x 
be1 ! angel ( deliv]ance /&s beside y4  
,he is p]haps 9 v humble g>b1 unsuspect$
 ( y4  ,"s l[ly duty awaits y4  ,"s     
sadd5$ life1 unnotic$ by y\r side1 asks 
y to *e] x4  ,:atev] opportunity ( duty 
or ( s]vice lies 9 ! pa? be=e y is      
,god's own mess5g]4  ,meet x l ! mess5g]
 ( a k+6  ,s meet e duty1 e opportunity4
  ,f9d !m1 make !m1 = y\rself4  ,live no

 long] 9 solitude b 9 bro!rhood4  ,s    
%all ! v _s ( ,god dwell 9 y2 s 9 8     
s]vice %all y f9d p]fect fre$om4   ,!   
end ( ,febru>y is ne>1 & n a h9t or     
:isp] ( spr+ does ,nature give u yet4   
,we are wont to h e>li] ?an ?is a few   
days at lea/ t seem to />t ! sap 9 !    
trees & ! blood 9 ! ve9s1 :5 ! fir/     
bluebird is he>d1 & we get "o swift1    
delici\s glimpse ( ! good "t com+4  ,b  
?is ye> ! cold only takes a %>p] clut*4 
,at its av]age1 our nor!rn w9t] has a   
fi]ce & almo/ m]ciless p]si/5ce4  ,^?   
fir/ days ( spr+ are h>dly m ?an ! ta/e 
( fre$om ) :i* ! cat tantalizes ! m\se4 
,x is ?is l+]+ close ( w9t] t is h>d to 
be>4  ,! supplies beg9 to give out4  ,! 
wood-pile t /ood s high :5 ! fir/ sn[   
came is gett+ l[]$ to v ne> ! gr\nd4  ,!
 poor man's little ho>d1 t 0 to bridge  
him ov] till ! season ( good "w1 is     
p]il\sly %runk54  ,vitality1 too1 beg9s 
to run l[4  ,! body p9es = ! out-door   
life f :i* x has too long be5 %ut (f4   
,w9t] is a h>d-fi/$ *url :o does n't    

give j measure4  ,he drives (f ! mell[ &
 jolly ,autumn be=e its mid-mon? ,octob]
 is fairly gone4  ,he bullies ,spr+ s t 
! poor1 g5tle-he>t$ ?+ has to get almo/ 
"u ! w+ ( ,summ] be=e %e d>es take      
possession ( ! remnant ( h] own4  ,!    
great robb] gets almo/ half ! ye>4  ,! v
 be>s1 curl$ up = _! long nap1 mu/ 9 ^! 
days wake sometimes ) an uneasy %iv] &  
wond] :e!r _! /ock ( fat w hold out4    
,?is la/ & wor/ onset ( w9t] may /& = ^?
 exp]i5ces t come z ! %>pe/ te/ ( ! /uff
 t is 9 m54  ,! pressure ( adv]sity goes
 on & on1 until we say x has rea*$ ! la/
 po9t ( endurance1 & !n ano!r turn is   
giv5 to ! screw6  ,= ?ree long days !   
battle has rag$ ar\nd ! heights (       
,gettysburg1 & ea* side seems to h done 
its utmo/1 :5 ! ^w is giv5 = ,pickett's 
division 9 solid column to ?r[ itself   
/raight aga9/ ,cemet]y ,hill1 t becomes 
a volcano to meet x4  ,^? are ! times t 
m>k m5 = ! re/ ( _! lives z h]oes4  ,yet
 !re are f9] h]oisms ?an ?is4  ,! v     
spl5dor ( su* an h\r1 ) a nation's fate 

at /ake & ! _w look+ on1 is en\gh to f9d
 out & k9dle any sp>k ( manhood 9 a man4
  ,) no su* inspiration z t1 !re are 9 e
 community m5 & wom5 :o are battl+ )    
pov]ty & adv]sity & all k9ds ( tr\ble ) 
a f9] c\rage ?an t ( ! battlefield4 ,!y 
cov] an anxi\s he>t ) a *e]ful face1 = !
 sake ( husb& or wife or *ildr5 :o are  
wat*+ ! face4  ,no w9t] is long en\gh1  
no lifetime is long en\gh1 to tire out  
_! =titude & pati5ce & love4  ,!re are  
res\rces 9 human nature t nev] are kn[n 
until ?+s are at _! h>de/4  ,s at w9t]'s
 wor/--come x 9 "o =m or ano!r--man     
summons up 8 c\rage1 & ?\gh ! w9t] be   
long] & %>p] ?an he _h ?\ght--?\gh      
pov]ty p9*es him or tr\ble weighs ^u    
him--he sets himself /\tly to be> x4    
,alone & unhelp$ he seems1 p]haps1--!   
m>* ( ! seasons & ! va/ ord] ( ! univ]se
 tak+ no acc\nt ( him2 yet manfully he w
 face :atev] comes4  ,:atev] comes8  ,x 
is ! summ] t is com+6  ,z c]ta9 z       
to-day's sn[ & cold1 ! season ( all     
beauty & w>m? & delight is on its way6  

,! apple-blossoms1 ! wild-fl[]s1 ! budd+
 ( e twig1 ! gre5ness ( ! pa/ures1 !    
rejoic+ life ( animals & birds &        
insects1 ! sweet airs ( ,may1 ! sun%9e (
 ,june1--^!1 & all v>i$ lovel9ess beyond
 imag9ation's rea* or he>t's desire1 lie
 j be=e u4  ,s = e s\l t pati5tly       
endures an unimag9$ summ] waits4  ,our  
pati5t endurance seems to u n[ a great  
matt]1 & inde$ if we h x n we are little
 wor?2 b :5 ! m g5ial season comes--:5  
!re fully reveals itself to u t high    
mean+ ( our lives & t div9e de/9y ( :i* 
n[ we cat* b a glimpse--we %all say1 n  
,h[ well we endur$ ! w9t]1 b ,h[ glori\s
 is ,god's summ]6  ,take ! case ( a man 
:o1 hav+ engag$ 9 ! active bus9ess (    
life1 feel+ himself amply capable ( x & 
long+ = x1 f9ds himself by =ce (        
circum/ances kept out ( "w4  ,p]haps he 
has 8 liv+ to e>n1 p]haps he has a wife 
& *ildr5 to support1 & he c get no?+ to 
d4  ,well1 t is ab\t z h>d a place z a  
man c be call$ to /& 94  ,idl5ess 9     
itself is h>d4  ,x is a burd5 ev5 to ^? 

:o h weal? & all ! luxuries & amusem5ts 
t c be devis$ to :ile away _! leisure4  
,x is ! v nature ( a man :o is good =   
any?+ to d4  ,idl5ess is z unnatural &  
try+ to ! m9d z sickness is to ! body4  
,b to see ^? y love 9 ne$1 to see !m    
?reat5$ ) suff]+1 to "k t y c\ld amply  
provide = !m if y _h a *ance1 & n to f9d
 a *ance1--:at is s h>d z t8  ,x is s   
h>d1 my fri5d1 t1 if y c be> x & n be   
conqu]$ by x1 y are a h]o4  ,if "u t    
load y c keep y\r pati5ce & y\r temp] & 
y\r c\rage1 y h won a victory su* z     
makes life wor? liv+4  ,j z 9 battle x  
is ! po/ ( dang] t is mo/ honorable1 s  
always ! h>d place is ! place ( honor4  
,b1 y say p]haps1 ,i don't c>e ab\t be+ 
a h]o2 ,i want to see my wife & *ildr5  
tak5 c>e (4  ,t is ! be/ ( all reasons =
 keep+ up he>t4  ,:5 a good wife sees h]
 husb& un=tunate & out ( "w1 :at is x t 
%e mo/ dreads8  ,n t !y w               
/>ve1--/>vation seldom happ5s 9 ?is     
c\ntry4  ,n t !y w be poor1 ?\gh ( t %e 
may be some:at afraid4  ,h] greate/ fe> 

is le/ h] husb& %\ld get disc\rag$ &    
d[n-he>t$2 %\ld take to dr9k1 p]haps2 at
 any rate1 %\ld become s despond5t &    
embitt]$ t ! light %all g out ( _! lives
 & _! *ildr5's4  ,n[ x is 8 bus9ess n to
 let t happ54  ,x is 8 "p to keep up =  
h] sake a resolute he>t & a *e]ful face4
  ,& if %e is a true woman1 h[ gladly w 
%e d ! same = him6  ,out ( j su*        
circum/ances !re come two opposite      
results1 accord+ z p meet !m4  ,!re     
comes failure ( ef=t & resolution1 !n   
despond5cy1 !n recklessness1 drunk5ness 
p]haps1 & at la/ ru91 ! break-up ( "*1 !
 de/ruction ( ! *ildr5's prospects1 or  
sometimes suicide4  ,:5 a man1 "u       
pressure ( su* tr\ble1 really gives up1 
ev5 = an h\r1 ! ef=t to be brave & make 
! be/ ( ?+s1 he takes a /ep on a road at
 ! end ( :i* is suicide4  ,t is !       
consummate act ( c[>dice2 t is ! la/    
logical result ( refus+ to face & conqu]
 our tr\bles4  ,heav5 h m]cy on ! man :o
 seeks 9 dea? a refuge1 & s multiplies !
 suff]+ ( ^? he leaves beh9d6  ,& at !  

po9t :]e beg9s ! wret*$ road (          
despond5cy1 :i* if foll[$ out leads to  
?is or "s o!r ru91 !re bran*es ano!r    
road--manly endurance ( ! wor/1 c\rage  
:i* is /rong because x is lov+1--a road 
:i* leads to heights beyond our sight4  
,to be> tr\ble toge!r1 & = ea* o!r's    
sake to rise above x1--:at knits he>ts  
toge!r l t8  ,take1 aga91 ! case ( a man
 :o is by circum/ances %ut (f f "w t he 
c\ld d & longs to d = ! l>ge b5efit (   
mank9d1--! man :o has a gift ( tea*+ &  
is n all[$ to tea*1 or :o has !         
/atesman's quality & f9ds no place 9    
public affairs1 or :o1 ) any l>ge       
executive & b5efic5t faculty1 f9ds      
himself d5i$ all opportunity ( ex]cis+  
x4  ,= a faculty to be repress$ is h>d j
 9 proportion z its quality is noble4   
,a cag$ can>y is h>dly a pa9ful sight1 b
 a cag$ eagle /irs "o ) regret4  ,& ! _w
 has su* ne$ ( all noble tal5t2 su*     
exig5t & hungry ne$ ( ! true tea*]1     
/atesman1 se]1--( ! ^w ( inspiration & !
 act ( lead]%ip6  ,h[ %all "o :o feels 9

 him ! p[] & sees ! ne$2 :o grasps 9 8  
h& ! ke5 sickle1 yet is held back1 :ile 
be=e 8 eyes ! fields are :ite ) ! h>ve/ 
:i* ?reat5s1 unreap$1 to p]i%1--h[ %all 
he reconcile himself to 8 lot8  ,h[     
escape ! ?\ght t he & all mank9d are b  
play?+s 9 ! grasp ( cruel & ironic fate8
  ,:at1 !n1 does ! _w mo/ ne$ ( u8  ,is 
x wisdom1 or /atesman%ip1 or executive  
p[]8  ,^! ?+s x greatly ne$s4  ,b mo/ ( 
all x ne$s "*4  ,mo/ ( all x ne$s t     
quality ( p]sonality :i* is m\ld$ by !  
int]play ( loyal w ) ! %ift+ c\rse (    
outw>d ev5t4  ,= our wise/ ?\ghts ! _w c
 v well wait1 or d )\t !m altoge!r2     
almo/ c]ta9ly "s "o else has ?\ght !m & 
said !m4  ,our executive p[] to be add$ 
to ! _w's "w1--x is b a fly's /r5g?     
contribut$ to a /eam-eng9e4  ,"o ?+ !   
univ]se asks ( u1 :i* no "o else c      
give1--ourselves2 our highe/ & fulle/   
self4  ,x is n :at we d ext]nally1 b :at
 we are1 t measures our wor?4  ,! real &
 la/+ value ( a ^w or an act dep5ds     
l>gely on ! weight ( "* beh9d x4  ,& 9  

"* no high] effect is wr\ght out ?an t  
:i* comes ?r\gh endurance & h]oic       
passivity4  ,to /& long be=e clos$ doors
 ( opportunity & keep s]5e2 to see "w   
wait+1 see o!rs work+1 & 9 pati5ce &    
self-control to bide "o's "t1--t is m   
?an to d any "w2 x is to be a man4  ,!  
"t comes :5 manhood f9ds itself to be   
p[]4  ,a brook goes s++ on its way1 m>k+
 its c\rse ?r\gh =e/ & field ) a track (
 beauty & fre%5$ life4  ,m5 ?r[ a dam   
across its pa?1 & ?r\gh _m a long day   
its c\rse is /opp$ & its wat]s sil5tly  
accumulate4  ,& ! brook says1 ,alas = my
 lo/ fre$om & s]vice6  ,alas = ! ru% &  
sp>kle & joy ( my cascades6  ,alas = !  
p>*$ mead[s1 ! unwat]$ f]ns & mosses6 ,b
 ! day comes :5 ) a cat>act leap x      
crosses its b>ri]2 mead[ & mosses & f]ns
 revive2 & n[ ! /or$ p[] ( ! /ream is   
turn+ great mills & gr9d+ bread = m54   
,wa%+ton rode z a subord9ate 9          
,braddock's army2 ignorance comm&$ & k  
look$ on p[]less until ! mis*ief 0 done4
  ,tw5ty ye>s ( quiet foll[2 great ev5ts

 are imp5d+1 eloqu5t m5 are r\s+ &      
lead+2 :at is !re = ?is sil5t ,virg9ian8
 till sudd5ly he f9ds himself ! *ief    
comm&]4  ,!n comes wait+ to :i* all be=e
 0 easy2 hold+ away f ! /rong] enemy1   
hold+ /eady "u ! impati5ce & ! d\bts (  
fri5ds2 = "o bold /roke1 a ye> ( wait+ &
 wat*+2 till1 at la/1 victory6  ,& n to 
,wa%+ton victori\s at ,yorkt[n d we turn
 = inspiration s mu* z to ,wa%+ton 9 !  
dead ( w9t] at ,valley ,=ge4  ,!re are a
 great _m wom5 ^: capacities & desires  
seem mu* beyond _! opportunities4  ,?is 
is especially true ( our ,new ,engl&1 :o
 /imulates ! bra9s ( h] *ildr51 &       
consigns _m ( h] daught]s to a seclud$  
life ) small scope = action4  ,!re are  
_m wom5 :o1 be+ unm>ri$1 or be+ m>ri$ & 
*ildless1 or left by ! flight ( ! "y    
birds to brood an empty ne/1 h n ! full 
natural outlet ( a woman's activities & 
affections1 & suff] consci\sly or       
unconsci\sly f a p>tial empt9ess &      
idl5ess ( :at is be/ 9 !m4  ,! burd5 ^u 
su* lives is t ( isolation4 ,isolation  

may be 9 ! mid/ ( a cr[d z well z 9     
solitude2 x is :5 ! he>t is n fill$ t we
 are truly alone4  ,& ?is real solitude1
 ?is isolation ( ! affections f _! prop]
 objects1 is some?+ s bad1 s aga9/ ! law
 ( our nature1 t1 broadly speak+1 x is a
 matt] n s mu* = endurance z = spe$y    
gett+ rid (4  ,d y feel y\rself alone & 
empty-he>t$8  ,!n y h necessity inde$ = 
=titude & brave endurance1 b above all &
 be=e all y are to get out ( y\r        
solitude4  ,y _c comm& = y\rself ! love 
y w\ld gladly receive2 x is n 9 our p[] 
to d t2 b t noble love :i* is n ask+ b  
giv+1--t y c always h4  ,:]ev] y\r life 
t\*es ano!r life1 !re y h opportunity4  
,! f9e/1 ! mo/ delicate1 ! mo/          
irresi/ible =ce lies 9 ! mutual t\* (   
human lives4  ,to mix ) m5 & wom5 9 !   
ord9>y =ms ( social int]c\rse becomes a 
sacr$ function :5 "o c>ries into x !    
true _s4  ,to give a close1 sympa!tic   
att5tion to e human be+ we t\*2 to try  
to get "s s5se ( h[ he feels1 :at he is1
 :at he ne$s2 to make 9 "s degree 8     

int]e/ our own1--t disposition & habit  
w\ld deliv] any "o ( u f isolation or   
empt9ess4  ,!re is b "o sight m         
beautiful ?an ! "m ( a family m9i/]+    
happ9ess & sun%9e to !m all2 & t is a   
woman :o1 hav+ no family ( h] own1 f9ds 
h] life 9 giv+ *e] & com=t to all :om %e
 rea*es1 & makes a home atmosph]e :]ev] 
%e goes4  ,?\gh %e h n ! joy ( wife &   
"m1 %e has t :i* is mo/ sacr$ 9 wifehood
 & mo!rhood4  ,%e %>es ! bless$ness ( t 
highe/ life ! e>? has se51 ( him :o1    
hav+ no home nor :]e to lay 8 head1     
br\ght into o!r homes a new happ9ess1 & 
:o spoke ! trans=m+ ^w1 ,x is m bless$  
to give ?an to receive4  ,take1 aga91 ! 
case ( an invalid1 :o is = a long p]iod 
%ut out by illness or weakness f all    
ord9>y activities4  ,!re are _m su* to  
:om pa9 & physical endurance are less   
try+ ?an ! feel+ ( be+ exclud$ f use &  
s]vice1 & hav+ _! moral life /unt$ or   
disord]$ by ?is /oppage ( ! natural play
 ( ! faculties4 ,!re are k9ds ( illness1
 especially ^? ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 :i* seem

 to invade ! seat ( ! w & s\l itself1 to
 irritate ! temp] & sap ! resolve & fo/]
 a self-c5tr+ egotism1 by a p[] t is    
lit]ally irresi/ible4  ,be=e su*        
exp]i5ces z ?is "o ?\ght rises3 x is "p 
( mank9d's bus9ess to less51 & s f> z   
possible to extirpate1 ^! maladies4  ,! 
individual suff]] mu/ meet z be/ he c ! 
conditions ?ru/ ^u him1 b to prev5t su* 
conditions f aris+ is ! lesson = ! re/ (
 u4  ,we are only beg9n+ to appreciate  
h[ l>gely ! salvation ( mank9d mu/ be   
work$ out ?r\gh physical means4  ,!     
pe/il5ces1 ! transmitt$ diseases1 !     
insanities1 ! n]v\s disord]s1 br$ (     
violat$ law1--all ^! & ! l curses1 :i* n
 m]ely de/roy human life b degrade x1   
are to be f\ght & extirpat$4  ,we mu/   
secure = s\l-life "s fair room & *ance z
 aga9/ ^! pe/s & tyrants4 ,"h lies !    
noble/ "w ( sci5ce2 "h1 9 prev5tion r   
?an 9 cure1 lies ! be/ field ( t        
unsurpass$ pr(ession1 ! physician's4    
,&1 too1 9 ?is prev5tive "w ea* man mu/ 
le>n to be 8 own physician1 & m9i/] to  

himself4  ,b :at1 meantime1 is our      
disabl$ & seclud$ invalid to d8  ,he is 
l a man set to fight a battle ) "o arm  
ti$ beh9d him4  ,o!rs may pity1 b = him 
8 disablem5t mu/ be a motive to great]  
ex]tion2 he mu/ supply by c\rage & skill
 ! place ( ! lack+ /r5g?4  ,x is :at man
 c d "u limitations & disabilities t %[s
 8 high-wat] m>k ( a*ievem5t4  ,any "o c
 be *e]ful 9 p]fect heal?1 b to be      
*e]ful "u weakness & pa91--t is wor?    
try+ =6  ,to be consid]ate & unselfi%1  
:5 "o is at ease & has all he wants1    
does n co/ mu*2 b to take ?\ght = o!rs &
 to sp>e !m1 & to be sympa!tic ) _! joys
 & tr\bles1 :5 pa9 =ces y to be         
self-consci\s1 & long endurance tempts y
 to become self-c5tr$1--well1 if y c d  
t1 y are good = some?+4  ,if y c d t1 h 
no fe> t y are useless4  ,su* fruit is  
r>e en\gh to be preci\s4  ,! lessons    
taught f _m a sick-b$ ( brav]y &        
g5tl5ess & love1--we get no o!r tea*+ s 
good z t4  ,!re is _m a family :]e x is 
! "o :o c d ! lea/ :o does ! mo/1--:]e x

 is ! invalid's room f :i* goes out !   
/ronge/ influ5ce ( pati5ce & sweet      
c\rage & t div9e quality :i* trans=ms   
tr\ble4  ,9 "o sick-room 9 a =eign l&1 =
 ye>s a home-lov+ woman has be5 an      
exile2 a woman ( active & eag]          
disposition1 ) l>ge1 executive capacity 
& ripe exp]i5ce1 %ut up almo/ to        
idl5ess2 a woman ( l>ge b5evol5ce1 :o _h
 ent]$ on "w ( peculi> excell5ce &      
attractiv5ess1 cut (f f all su*         
activities4  ,?is1 ) frequ5t pa91 )     
fluctuation ( hope & disc\ragem5t z to !
 future2 & yet !re is ab\t h] an        
atmosph]e z s]5e z ! ,alp9e heights t   
look d[n ^u h]1 z *e]ful z ! sunny      
,alp9e pa/ures ) _! t9kle ( %eep-bell & 
hum ( m\nta9 bee4  ,h] con/ant ?\ght    
goes out to di/ant fri5ds & br+s !m ne>2
 h] close att5tion foll[s ! m>* ( ! _w's
 great int]e/s1 ! =tunes ( ,engl& &     
,russia & ,am]ica1 ! c\rse ( fre$om &   
re=m2 a s5se ( nature's beauty1 tra9$ to
 f95ess ?r\gh ye>s ( en=c$ quietude1    
br+s exquisite m9i/rations2 %e %>es !   

lives ( ! little circle ( fri5ds ab\t   
h]2 he>t & m9d are at re/ 9 ! peace (   
,god4  ,pati5ce has _h h] p]fect "w4    
,up1 fri5d6 leave y\r law case1 y\r     
s]mon1 y\r acc\nts1 & come out = an h\r 
into ?is delici\s ,m>* day1 brac+ z w9t]
 & sweet z spr+4  ,! new life ( ! ye> is
 /irr+ 9 ! trees ^: tops beg9 to r$d51 &
 9 ! br[n pa/ures :]e wat*ful eyes c    
already see ! gre54  ,! joy ( ! season  
is s++ 9 a million bluebirds' & rob9s'  
?roats2 ! cocks cr[ gayly2 ! caw ( ! big
 black cr[ flapp+ ov]head ) ragg$ w+ has
 a *e]y tone4  ,all liv+ creatures feel 
! t+le & ?rob ( ! great tide ( life t   
sweeps 9 ) ! return+ sun4  ,see yond]   
two dogs1 h[ !y frolic1 h[ !y cr\* &    
:eel & *>ge & roll ea* o!r ov] & pret5d 
to bite4  ,pure mongrels1 bo? ( !m1 & z 
happy z if !y 7 ! mo/ ari/ocratic (     
,iri% sett]s6  ,see ne> by ! tree full (
 fl[]s t has la/$ ! w9t] ?r\gh4  ,t is a
 tulip-tree1 hold+ up its ?\s& delicate 
gho/ly cups4  ,its gr& trunk rises      
/raight & unbrok5 full ?irty feet1 !n   

bran*es 9 symmetry1 & holds up z if to  
cat* ! sun%9e & ! ra9 its fairy goblets4
  ,& "h is an oak t has n yet let g its 
grip on la/ ye>'s dead leaves4  ,h[     
%>ply ! sn[ rattl$ on !m1 z if cla%+ on 
! iron :i* naturali/s say ! /urdy tree  
holds 9 its blood6  ,:o ev] sees ^! la/ 
oak leaves fall8  ,& :o kn[s :]e ?is    
dry1 dead grass vani%es :5 ! gre5 blades
 fill all its room8  ,look at !         
horse-*e/nut2 already its buds are %9y4 
,x mu/ wait a good :ile be=e _!         
little h&s unfold1   ,s(t] 'n a baby's  
be at ?ree days old4   ,%>p :i/les ! w9d
 to-day1 b x is ! brea? ( life t x      
brea!s into u4  ,x comes d[n f yond]    
hills :]e ! sn[ is %9+ yet4  ,gr&ly on !
 horizon lies ,m\nt ,tom1 l a cr\*+     
lion1 gu>dian ov] ! fair valley4  ,:]e !
 m\nta9 l9e breaks1 betwe5 him & 8 tw9  
s5t9el1 ,holyoke1 we "k t ! broad       
,connecticut sweeps pa/ ,hockanum4  ,!  
glori\s riv]1--:at an unfail+ joy x is  
to ! eye z x curves & w9ds on its       
leisurely1 /eadfa/ c\rse to ! sea6  ,"h 

at our feet is ano!r riv]1 a little     
brook fl[+ 9 cle> /ream ov] ! roadside  
s&1 born ( ! la/ sn[-drift & liv+ till !
 sun dr9ks x up4  ,& beside x are half a
 doz5 happy boys1 paddl+ ) _! b>e feet1 
mak+ mud dams1 scrap+ new *annels & %ort
 cuts = ! /ream4  ,h[ black is ! /ill   
wat] ( ?is pond1 smoo? z a /eel mirror6 
:at p]fect pictures x gives back ( its  
woody & sn[-t\*$ banks6  ,! woods above 
are solemn z t gr&e/ "w ( man1 an ,old  
,_w ca!dral1 & free z only ! ,"l's own  
works are free1 ) ! music ( ! w9d 9 !   
great p9e-tops2 ! graci\s1 inf9ite sky  
reveal+ itself ?r\gh _! trac]y2 !       
column> trunks sway+ n[ l a %ip's ma/s4 
,h[ at ev5+ ! sett+ sun gl[s ?r\gh _!   
black %afts2 h[ e!real ! light t !n     
fills ! spaces ( ! wood2 h[ ! />s look  
d[n ?r\gh ! bran*es 9 ! liv+ /illness ( 
! night6  ,a few /eps1 & bel[ u 9 !     
holl[ we see ! city1 all its            
commonplac5ess *>m$ away1 ! vulg> noises
 ( ! /reets bl5d$ 9 a s(t murmur4  ,n "o
 human life moves 9 ^? /reets1          

commonplace & vulg> ?\gh x may seem1 b  
has its own *>m & beauty1 if we c\ld f9d
 ! "r view-po9t1 or if our sight w5t    
deep en\gh4  ,across a pl[$ field d>ts 9
 swift zigzag a gleam ( blue2 !n1 p]*$  
on a f5ce-rail1 s5ds a ?rill+ song4  ,! 
bluebird is ! true voice ( e>ly spr+1 z 
is ! bobol9k ( lat] spr+4 ,bobol9ks &   
apple-blossoms come toge!r 9 ! prodigal 
"t ( ,may4 ,our ,nor!rn spr+ is ! mo/   
arrant ( coquettes1--! mo/ delici\s 9   
allurem5t1 ! swifte/ 9 retreat4  ,"o day
 %e seems to p\r h] :ole he>t out to u1 
& we ?9k %e is ours once & = all2 next  
day %e pelts u ) sleet2 buffets1 freezes
 u2 %e--nay1 %e is gone1 & we nev] %all 
see h] aga92 x is ! s\re/ %rew 9 ! :ole 
si/]hood ( ! ye> t has come 9 h] /ead6  
,b ! true lov] ?9ks n s4  ,he kn[s h]   
woman's he>t1--coy+ x a little1 hold+   
back h] treasure till %e sees if h]     
wor%ip] be fai?ful1 to p\r x out all    
un/9t$ at ! la/1 :5 ,may's p]fect bridal
 day %all u%] 9 ! full & fruitful       
m>riage bless+ ( ! ye>4  ,on ?is ,june  

morn+1 place y\rself "h1 "u ! %ade ( ?is
 noble1 wide-spread+ apple-tree on a    
g>d5 lawn4  ,la/ night ! e>? 0 wa%$ by  
%[]s1 & a ?und]-/orm cle>$ ! air4  ,?is 
morn+ a fre% nor?we/ w9d breaks ! cl\ds1
 & op5s pure1 sweet dep?s ( sky4  ,ar\nd
 u ! fl[]s ( e>ly summ] are bloom+4     
,ov] ! grass trip ! "y birds1           
mottle-brea/$ rob9s & bluebirds2 ! trees
 r+ ) frequ5t song2 f ! b>ny>d comes    
*e]y cackle & cluck1 & ! *ick5s /ray =? 
to inve/igate ! secrets & ri*es ( ! _w4 
,a catbird p\rs out an op]a 9 :i* he    
takes all ! p>ts 9 succession1 & ! voice
 ( ! w9d rises & falls 9 my/]i\s1       
delici\s cad5ce4  ,oil & w9e3 ! oil p\r$
 on ! w\nds to soo! & heal1 ! w9e drunk 
to revive & he>t5 ) cordial life4  ,!   
,hebrew symbolism has its roots 9 /rong 
mat]ial soil3 its imag]y is vigor\s &   
ruddy1--w9e ( gladness1 oil ( joy1 w9e t
 make? glad ! he>t ( man1 & oil to make 
8 face to %9e1 & bread :i* /r5g!ne?     
man's he>t4  ,a mod]n psalmi/ might add1
 & c(fee :i* uplifts 8 _s1 & tobacco :i*

 soo!s 8 c>es4  ,jesus *ose1 z ! two    
symbols by :i* he w\ld be rememb]$1     
bread & w9e4  ,bread /&s = n\ri%m5t &   
sub/antial support1 w9e = exhil>ation & 
joy4  ,:5 8 disciples 7 full ( ! sorr[ (
 approa*+ p>t+1 he %[$ !m t ! loss 0    
only 9 semblance3 ! reality 0 to be a   
high] en]gy1 a pur] joy1--bread to eat1 
w9e to dr9k1--n dea?1 b life4  ,! sorr[ 
att5dant on dea? & loss is to be e/eem$ 
b ! pangs t u%] 9 life4  ,a woman :5 %e 
is 9 travail ha? sorr[1 because h] h\r  
is come2 b z soon z %e is deliv]$ ( !   
*ild1 %e rememb]e? no m ! angui%1 = joy 
t a man is born into ! _w4  ,! ,_s ( !  
,"l is ^u me1 because he ha? ano9t$ me  
to prea* ! gospel to ! poor2 he ha? s5t 
me to heal ! brok5-he>t$1 to prea*      
deliv]ance to ! captives1 & recov]+ (   
sight to ! bl9d1 to set at lib]ty !m t  
are bruis$1 to prea* ! acceptable ye> ( 
! ,"l4  ,:at a key-note is t1--h[       
jubilant1 t5d]1 /rong6  ,z ! e>? revolv+
 passes alt]nately into light & %ad[1 s 
human life 9 its div9e appo9tm5t moves  

by turns ?r\gh sorr[ & ?r\gh joy4  ,ea* 
has its s]vice = ! s\l1 z = ! e>? has   
day & night ea* its m9i/ry & message4   
,( pa9 come h>dihood & /r5g? & sympa?y4 
,:at a sapless1 fibreless ?+ is a man   
untra9$ by endurance & untaught by      
suff]+6  ,h[ flaccid 9 muscle1 h[ n>r[ 9
 intellig5ce1 h[ %all[ 9 affection6     
,yet1 z to an all-behold+ eye ! sun p\rs
 light ?r\gh all ! planet>y spaces1 & ! 
night1 :i* to u on ! _w's d>k5$ side    
seems all-enfold+1 is 9 tru? b a %ad[y  
fleck 9 ! va/ sun-/eep$ sph]e3 s1 ( !   
s\l's univ]se1 ! native1 all-p]vasive   
elem5t is consci\s good4  ,gladness is  
man's prop] atmosph]e4  ,x is by !      
impulse ( 8 deepe/ nature t he seeks    
joy1 x is by ! =ce ( spiritual          
gravitation t he is drawn to x4  ,b two 
h>d lessons await him4  ,"o is1 t to    
rea* t goal he mu/ tru/ himself to a    
high] ,p[]1 8 own ef=t & purpose be+ to 
obey t ,p[]4 ,! o!r is1 t ! goal is n = 
"o alone1 b = all2 & he c rea* x only z 
he %>es ! common lot1 mak+ himself p>tn]

 9 ! vicissitudes ( 8 comrades1 rejoic+ 
) !m t rejoice & weep+ ) !m t weep4  ,on
 our long voyage ! />s by :i* we /e] mu/
 be ,duty & ,love4  ,! />s guide u1 !   
w9ds & curr5ts be> u1 to ! port ( p]fect
 good4  ,! in/9ct ( our j\rney's end we 
call ,hope2 ! in/9ct by :i* we cleave to
 our true c\rse1 ev5 :5 :olly d\btful ( 
its end1 & ?\gh false lights beckon u   
allur+ly1--t in/9ct we call ,fai?4  ,op5
 y\r eyes ^u ! _w on su* a morn+ z ?is4 
,=get y\r own c>es long en\gh to really 
see1 b = a mom5t1 yond] spray ( roses   
wav+ 9 ! breeze4  ,wat* ! play ( light &
 %ade 9 ! flick]+ leaves ov]head4  ,li/5
 to ! *orus ( voices f bird1 insect1 &  
w9d4  ,! w9e ( gladness6  ,nature p\rs x
 9 a sp>kl+ flood1 unceas+ by day &     
night1 = e "o :o w dr9k4  ,nature p\rs !
 w9e ( gladness1 b only f ! m+l+ ( human
 he>ts comes ! oil ( t5d]ness4  ,f sorr[
 x gets its sacr$ fragrance1 f mutual   
s]vice x draws its heal+ p[]1 f !       
bitt]ness ( p>t+ x w9s ! sweetness ( an 
inexpressible hope4  ,x 0 "u ! /roke ( a

 great b]eavem5t1 ! dea? ( 8 *ild1 t    
,em]son1 9 ! ,?r5ody1 gave utt]ance to  
highe/ consolation so>+ out ( sorr['s   
d>kness4  ,x 0 "u ! %ad[ ( t loss t he  
he>d ! voice1--    ,say+1 ,:at is       
excell5t1   ,z ,god lives1 is p]man5t2  
,he>ts are du/1 he>ts' loves rema91     
,he>t's love w meet !e aga94   ,x is !  
same voice t speaks ?r\gh all ! ages4   
,x speaks ?r\gh ,isaiah1 to give beauty 
= a%es1 ! oil ( joy = m\rn+1 ! g>m5t (  
praise = ! _s ( heav9ess4  ,x speaks 9  
,paul1 :5 9 "o s5t5ce he gives !        
relation ) ,god & 8 fell[s into :i* man 
may come :5 out ( d>kness is born light4
  ,bless$ be ,god1 ev5 ! ,fa!r ( our ,"l
 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,fa!r ( m]cies1 & !    
,god ( all com=t2 :o com=te? u 9 all our
 tribulation1 t we may be able to com=t 
!m :i* are 9 any tr\ble by ! com=t :]e) 
we ourselves are com=t$ ( ,god4  ,:]e1  
asks ! /rick5 he>t1 %all ,i f9d ! ,god (
 com=t8  ,o he>t1 only ,god himself %all
 answ] y6  ,b "k ?is1 t ! v end &       
purpose ( grief is t x %all be com=t$4  

,com=t8  ,! ^w has no mean+ except to ^?
 :o h m\rn$2 0 nev] /amp$ ) its sacr$   
significance except by ^? :o _h be5     
?r\gh ! deep wat]s ( grief4  ,z "o :om 8
 "m com=te?1 s w ,i com=t y4  ,a man    
*ild1 a woman *ild1 ,he tra9s y to      
fullness ( /ature1 to greatness (       
exp]i5ce1 to capacity = noble joy1 =    
he>t-suffic+ love4  ,to greatness & to  
joy he calls u1 & draws u sl[ly by !    
*ang+ ye>s4  ,! cross is ! symbol ( a   
pass+ exp]i5ce4  ,! end1 ! atta9m5t1 is 
figur$ to u by t face ( ,nature :i* is !
 face ( ,god1 ) ! /r5g? ( ! m\nta9s1 !  
gladness ( ! sunlight1 ! fre$om ( ! sky1
 ! inf9itude ( ! ocean4   ,! ripe days (
 e>ly autumn op5 _! be/ joys only to !  
/urdy walk]1 :o turns 8 back on ! /reets
 to seek ! c\ntry roads1 & leaves !     
roads beh9d him to explore ! =e/ nooks1 
! rav9es1 & ! %elt]$ mead[s1 hidd5      
deftly away f ! incuri\s travel]1 &     
keep+ a wild sweetness = him :o f9ds !m 
out = himself4  ,if "o is 9 good tune1  
he may get ! f9e/ flavor ( su* a walk by

 tak+ x alone1 or ) only r>ely p]fect   
companion%ip4  ,! ideal companion is "o 
:o c fully enjoy1 :o w help y to        
glimpses ?r\gh ano!r pair ( eyes1 & :o w
 nev] obtrude inopportunely betwe5      
y\rself & nature4  ,if a satisfactory   
human comrade be n at h&1 "o may f9d ^! 
qualities 9 no ord9>y degree 9--a good  
dog4 ,b !n to appreciate !m "o mu/ be a 
true dog-lov]1 a gift :i* is1 alas6 d5i$
 to "s o!rwise exempl>y & wor?y p4  ,:at
 does ! dog ?9k ( x all8  ,he has 8 own 
ke5 pleasures4  ,8 nose is an organ (   
intellig5ce & enjoym5t :i* 8 ma/] does n
 possess4  ,he explores wood*uck holes2 
he tracks real or imag9>y squirrels2 "o 
b>ks & scolds at him f a high limb1 &   
?r[s him into a delici\s fev] (         
excitem5t4  ,z ,fox said ! greate/      
pleasure 9 life 0 to w9 at c>ds1 & !    
next greate/ to lose at c>ds1 s app>5tly
 ! dog f9ds ev5 an unsuccessful *ase to 
be ! second be/ joy he kn[s4  ,look at  
him1 t5se & motionless ) excitem5t1 z he
 wat*es ! noisy *att]] ov]head6  ,no    

d\bt ! squirrel w brag to all 8         
acqua9tances ( h[ he op5ly defi$ &      
triumph$ ov] 8 huge enemy4  ,a *e/nut   
b\gh sw+s l[1 & ) hospitable h& pr(f]s a
 half-op5 burr1 out ( :i* %9e ! glossy  
br[n nuts4  ,sweet is ! ta/e ( ! nuts4  
,sweet is ! crisp r$ apple into :i* we  
bite1 & ) j a h9t ( ! flavor ( /ol5     
fruit4  ,:at audaci\s p5 w try to       
reproduce or ev5 dryly catalogue !      
glories p\r$ out = eye & e>1 = he>t &   
bra91 ^u a bright & cool ,septemb] day8 
,! deep-gl[+ sumacs1 ! a/]s purple &    
:ite mix$ ) flam+ gold5rod1 9 a spl5did 
audacity ( color su* z only ,"o arti/   
d>e v5ture on2 ! occasional da% ( sc>let
 ^u a maple1 a fir/ wave ( ! great tide 
t is sweep+ up to cov] ! :ole nor?      
c\ntry2 ! masses ( yet unbrok5 gre5 left
 nei!r dimm$ nor du/y by ! g5]\s1 moi/  
summ]2 ! oaks t w long hold _! gre5 flag
 9 un*ang+ t9t1 z if no surr5d] 7 writt5
 on x1 & !n1 la/ ( all ! trees1 *ange to
 a hue ( mat*less dep? & ri*ness1 l !   
life-blood ( a noble he>t t %[s its full

 int5sity only j be=e dea?'s translation
 falls ^u x2 ! sep>ate t9t ( ea* leaf & 
v9e1 good aft] its k9d2 ! s(t :it5ess ( 
! ev]la/+s 9 ! hill-pa/ures2 ! reap$    
buck:eat fields heap$ ) _! %eaves1      
/ubble & %eaves alike dr5*$ 9 a f9e w9e 
( color2 ! solemn int]ior ( ! woods1 ) !
 late sunlight t\*+ ! %afts ( ! p9es2 ! 
p>tridge-b]ry & ! :ite mu%room gr[+     
b5ea?1 z 9 a ca!dral "o sees bright-fac$
 *ildr5 kneel+ to say _! pray]s at !    
foot ( ! solemn pill>s2 ! masses ( light
 & ( %ad[--"o _c say :i* is ! t5d]]--ly+
 on ! cool mead[s z ev5+ draws on2 !    
voice ( unse5 wat]s1 ! voice ( ! w9d 9 !
 p9es4  ,& s1 ) song1 ) autumn colors1 )
 sunset lights1 ! ,"m calls h] *ildr5   
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