,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s4 ,,by ,,john ,,ab]crombie1 ,m4,d4 ,,oxon4 ,,ed94 ,v4 ,p4 ,r4 ,s4 ,e4 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,college ,,( ,,physicians ,,( ,,ed9burgh2 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,academy ,,( ,,m$ic9e ,,( ,,france2 ,,& ,,fir/ ,,physician ,,to ,,h] ,,maje/y ,,9 ,,scotl&4 ,,fif? ,,edition4 ,,london3 ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet4 ,,mdcccxxxix4 ,,ed9burgh3 ,pr9t$ by ,balf\r & ,jack1 ,niddry ,/reet4 ,,preface4 ,9 a =m] "w1 ! ,au?or endeav\r$ to del9eate1 9 a simple & popul> =m1 ! lead+ facts relat+ to ! ,intellectual ,p[]s1 & to trace ! pr9ciples :i* ought to guide u 9 ! ,inve/igation ( ,tru?4 ,! volume :i* he n[ (f]s to ! public att5tion1 is int5d$ z a sequel to ^! ,inquiries2 & 8 object 9 x is to inve/igate1 9 ! same unpret5d+ mann]1 ! ,moral ,feel+s ( ! ,human ,m9d1 & ! pr9ciples :i* ought to regulate our volitions & our conduct z moral & responsible be+s4 ,! two bran*es ( inve/igation are1 9 _m respects1 closely connect$2 &1 on ?is acc\nt1 x may (t5 happ51 t1 9 ! pres5t "w1 pr9ciples are assum$ z admitt$ or prov$1 :i*1 9 ! =m]1 7 /at$ at l5g?1 ) ! evid5ce by :i* !y are support$4 ,9 pres5t+ a fif? edition ( ?is volume1 ! ,au?or feels mo/ deeply ! fav\rable mann] 9 :i* x has be5 receiv$1 & ! notice :i* has be5 be/[$ ^u x by ^? ^: approbation he reg>ds z a di/9ction ( ! mo/ gratify+ k9d4 ,he _h two objects *iefly 9 view :5 he v5tur$ ^u ?is inve/igation4 ,! "o 0 to dive/ 8 inquiry ( all unpr(itable speculation1 & to %ew t ! philosophy ( ! moral feel+s be>s directly ^u a practical purpose ( ! highe/ mom5t1--! m5tal & moral culture ( e rational be+4 ,! o!r 0 to %ew ! close & important relation :i* exi/s betwe5 ?is sci5ce & ! doctr9es ( reveal$ religion1 & ! p[]ful evid5ce :i* is d]iv$1 = ! tru? ( bo?1 f ! mann] 9 :i* !y confirm & illu/rate ea* o!r4 ,^! two s\rces ( k _c be sep>at$1 9 ! e/imation ( any "o :o feels ! deep int]e/ ( ! inquiry1 & s]i\sly prosecutes ! important "q1--:at is tru?4 ,if we attempt to erect ! philosophy ( morals into an indep5d5t sci5ce1 we %all soon f9d t its highe/ inductions only lead u to a po9t beyond :i* we are condemn$ to w&] 9 d\bt & 9 d>kness4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 by depreciat+ philosophy1 or ! light :i* is d]iv$ f ! moral impressions ( ! m9d1 we deprive ourselves ( a mo/ important s\rce ( evid5ce 9 support ( revelation4 ,= x is f ^! impressions1 view$ 9 connexion ) ! actual /ate ( man1 t we le>n ! necessity1 & ! moral probability1 ( a revelation2 & x is by pr9ciples exi/+ 9 ! m9d t we are enabl$ to feel ! p[] ( t v>i$ & incontrov]tible evid5ce1 by :i* revelation comes to ! c&id inquir] ) all ! au?ority ( tru?4 ,,ed9burgh1 ,novemb] #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cont5ts4 ,,prelim9>y ,,obs]vations4 ,,section ,i4 ,,nature ,,& ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s4 ,division ( ! ,m5tal ,p[]s into ,intellectual & ,moral #a ,h>mony :i* ought to exi/ betwe5 ^! classes #c ,causes by :i* ?is h>mony is int]rupt$1--& means ( c\nt]act+ !m #c ,int]e/ ( ! sci5ce ( ! ,moral ,feel+s #e ,peculi> s\rces ( ,k be>+ ^u x1 f ! light ( ,consci5ce1 & ( ,div9e ,revelation #g ,,section ,,ii4 ,,fir/ ,,tru?s ,,9 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s4 ,analogy betwe5 ,fir/ ,tru?s1 or ,intuitive ,pr9ciples ( ,belief1 9 ,intellectual1 & 9 ,moral ,sci5ce #aa ,classification ( ,fir/ ,tru?s 9 ,moral ,sci5ce1 z impressions aris+ out ( ea* o!r1 by an obvi\s *a9 ( relations #af #a4 ,p]ception ( ! nature & quality ( actions1 z j or unju/1--"r or wrong2--& a conviction ( duties :i* a man owes to o!r m54 #b4 ,conviction ( ! exi/5ce & attributes ( a ,great ,fir/ ,cause1 & ,moral ,gov]nor4 #c4 ,conviction ( ,moral ,responsibility4 #d4 ,impression ( ,future ,exi/5ce4 ,importance ( ^! convictions1 z intuitive articles ( belief #ah 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s4 ,analysis ( ,man z a ,moral ,be+ #bg ,i4 ,,! ,,desires--,,! ,,affections--& ,,self-,,love4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,w4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,moral ,,pr9ciple1 or ,,consci5ce4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,moral ,,relation ,,( ,,man ,,t[>ds ,,! ,,deity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,desires--,,! ,,affections--,,& ,,self-,,love4 ,,section ,i4 ,,! ,,desires #cf #a4 ,desire ( ! ,animal ,prop5sities #cg #b4 ,desire ( ,weal?--,av>ice #ch #c4 ,desire ( ,p[]--,ambition #ci #d4 ,desire ( ,sup]iority--,emulation #dj #e4 ,desire ( ,society #da #f4 ,desire ( ,e/eem or ,approbation #db #g4 ,desire ( ,k #df #h4 ,desire ( ,moral ,improvem5t #dg -- ,desire ( ,action #di ,importance ( a ,due ,regulation ( ! ,desires #ej ,,section ,,ii4 ,,! ,,affections #ec ,i4 ,,ju/ice #ee #a4 ,ju/ice to ! ,int]e/s ( o!rs--,integrity #ei #b4 ,ju/ice to ! ,fre$om ( ,action ( o!rs #ei #c4 ,ju/ice to ! ,reputation ( o!rs #fj #d4 ,ju/ice 9 e/imat+ ! ,conduct & ,"* ( o!rs #fa #e4 ,ju/ice to ! ,op9ions ( o!rs--,c&\r #fb #f4 ,ju/ice to ! ,feel+s ( o!rs #fc #g4 ,ju/ice to ! ,moral ,condition ( o!rs #fd ,,ii4 ,,compassion ,,& ,,b5evol5ce #ff #a4 ,b5evol5ce t[>ds ! ,di/resses ( o!rs #fi #b4 ,b5evol5ce t[>ds ! ,reputation ( o!rs #gj #c4 ,b5evol5ce t[>ds ! ,"* & ,conduct ( o!rs1--includ+ ,=giv5ess ( ,injuries #ga #d4 ,b5evol5ce t[>ds ! ,feel+s ( o!rs #ga #e4 ,b5evol5ce t[>ds improv+ ! ,moral ,condition ( o!rs #gc ,,iii4 ,,v]acity #gd #a4 ,! ,love ( ,tru?1 9 ! ,reception ( x #gf #b4 ,v]acity 9 deliv]+ /atem5ts1--includ+ ,s9c]ity #gh #c4 ,tru? ( ,purpose1 or ,correct fulfilm5t ( ,promises #hb ,,iv4 ,,fri5d%ip1 ,,love1 ,,& ,,gratitude #hc ,v4 ,,patriotism #hd ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,affections #he ,,! ,,def5sive ,,affections1 ,,ang]1 ,,jeal\sy1 ,,res5tm5t #hi ,important ,influ5ce produc$ ^u ! ,ex]cise ( ! ,affections1 ,by ,att5tion #ib ,by ,habit #ig ,feel+ ( ,moral ,approbation atta*$ to ! ,ex]cise ( ! ,affections #ajj ,happ9ess aris+ f a due ,ex]cise ( ! ,affections2--,influ5ce ( ,temp] #ajf ,,section ,,iii4 ,,self-,,love #aaj ,s5se 9 :i* ! t]m is employ$ #aaa ,t5d5cy ( a true & ,rational ,self-love #aaa ,morbid ,ex]cise ( x1--,selfi%ness #aaf ,dis9t]e/$ ,conduct & ,self-d5ial #aag 99 99 99 99 99 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,w #aai ,simple ,volition1 its ,orig9 f "o ( ! ,desires or ,affections #aai ,op]ation ( ,moral ,causes on ! ,w #abj ,nature ( ^! ,causes1 & ,s\rce ( ! ,div]sity ( _! op]ation 9 diff]5t individuals #abc ,circum/ances requir$ = ! ,uni=mity ( _! ,op]ation3-- #a4 ,k #abh ,tru?s ( ,natural & ,reveal$ ,religion4 #b4 ,att5tion #acb ,its influ5ce on ,moral ,decisions4 #c4 ,moral ,habits #acg ,orig9 & ,progress ( ,d]angem5t ( ,moral ,h>mony4 ,influ5ce ( ,habits ^u ,"* #adb ,means ( ,correct+ ,injuri\s ,moral ,habits #adc ,practical ,conclusions f ^! ,pr9ciples4 ,important ,influ5ce ( ,moral ,habits #ade ,necessity & ,probability ( ,div9e ,aid 9 correct+ ,moral ,d]angem5t #adi ,influ5ce ( ! ,m5tal op]ation call$ ,fai? #aeb 99 99 99 99 99 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,pr9ciple1 ,,or ,,consci5ce #aee ,pro(s ( ! ,exi/5ce ( ,consci5ce z a ,di/9ct ,pr9ciple ( ! m9d #aef ,nature ( its ,op]ation z ! ,regulat+ ,pr9ciple #aeg ,analogy betwe5 x & ,reason #aeh ,its ,influ5ce 9 convey+ an ,impression ( ! ,moral ,attributes ( ! ,deity #afc ,k d]iv$ f ?is ,s\rce #afd ,comp>ison ( ! ,div9e ,attributes ) ! ,actual ,/ate ( ,man #afg ,difficulties aris+ f ?is ,comp>ison remov$ only by ! ,*ri/ian ,revelation #afi ,m5tal ,process by :i* ! ,regulat+ ,p[] ( ,consci5ce is ,impair$ or ,lo/ #agb ,influ5ce ( ?is ,condition ^u ! ,judgm5t 9 reg>d to ,moral ,tru? #agf ,influ5ce ( ,att5tion 9 ,moral ,decisions #agi ,man's responsibility = 8 belief #ahb ,important relation betwe5 ,moral ,emotions & volunt>y ,intellectual ,processes #ahc ,,app5dix ,,to ,,"p ,,iii4 ,sec4 #a4--,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,immutability ,,( ,,moral ,,di/9ctions ,,& ,,!ories ,,( ,,morals #aij ,orig9 ( ,our ,idea ( ,virtue & ,vice #aic ,sy/em ( ,m&eville #aie ,sy/em ( ,cl>ke & ,wolla/on #aig ,sy/em ( ,utility #aih ,selfi% ,sy/em #aii ,sy/em ( ,paley #bja ,defect ( ^! ,sy/ems 9 n ackn[l$g+ ! ,supreme ,au?ority ( ,consci5ce #bjf ,objections to ! belief ( a uni=mity ( ,moral ,feel+ :i* h be5 f\nd$ on ! practices ( b>b>\s nations #baf ,sy/em ( ,dr4 ,smi?1 or ,!ory ( ,sympa?y #bai ,prov9ce ( ,reason 9 ,moral ,decisions #bbb ,rem>ks on ! ,obs]vations ( "s late ,writ]s respect+ ! ,corruption ( ,consci5ce #bbg ,sec4 #b4--,,( ,,! ,,h>mony ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s #bca ,consi/5cy ( ,"* aris+ f ?is ,h>mony1--& ,defects ( ,"* to :i* x is oppos$ #bcg 99 99 99 99 99 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,relation ,,( ,,man ,,t[>ds ,,! ,,deity #bdc ,view ( ! ,div9e ,"* 9 ref]5ce to ?is ,regulation #bdd ,regulation ( ! ,moral ,feel+s :i* ought to arise out ( x #bde #a4 ,habitual ef=t to cultivate a ,s5se ( ! ,div9e ,pres5ce1 & to regulate ! ,moral ,feel+s & ,"* by x #bde #b4 ,submission to ! appo9tm5ts ( ,provid5ce #beb #c4 ,s5se ( ,moral ,imp]fection & ,guilt1 & ,supplication = ,m]cy1 ) ,reliance on ,div9e ,aid #bed #d4 ,s5se ( ,gratitude1 ,affection1 & ,love #bee ,conduct & ,"* aris+ out ( ?is ,condition ( ! ,moral ,feel+s #bef ,means ( ,cultivat+ x #bfb ,nature & ,op]ation ( ,fai? #bfd ,prov9ce ( ,fai? 9 ! ,philosophy ( ! ,moral ,feel+s #bfi ,tru?s :i* are its m ,imm$iate ,object #bgc ,its ,influ5ce on ! ,moral ,condition #bgf ,prov9ce ( ,fai? 9 ! ,s*eme ( ,*ri/ianity #bhb ,c]ta9 ,errors reg>d+ ,fai? #bhg ,h>mony ( ,*ri/ian ,tru? ) ! ,philosophy ( ! ,moral ,feel+s #bij ,,prelim9>y ,,obs]vations4 ,,sect4 ,i4 ,,nature ,,& ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s4 ,man is to be contemplat$ z an intellectual1 & z a moral be+4 ,by 8 intellectual p[]s1 he acquires ! k ( facts1 obs]ves _! connexions1 & traces ! conclusions :i* arise out ( !m4 ,^! m5tal op]ations1 h[ev]1 ev5 9 a high /ate ( cultivation1 may be direct$ entirely to tru?s ( an extr9sic k9d1--t is1 to su* z d n ex]t any influ5ce ei!r on ! moral condition ( ! individual1 or on 8 relations to o!r s5ti5t be+s4 ,!y may exi/ 9 an em95t degree 9 ! man :o lives only = himself1 & feels little beyond ! p]sonal wants1 or ! selfi% enjoym5ts ( ! h\r t is pass+ ov] him4 ,b1 :5 we contemplate man z a moral be+1 new relations op5 on our view1 & ^! are ( mighti] import4 ,we f9d him occupy+ a place 9 a great sy/em ( moral gov]nm5t1 9 :i* he has an important /ation to fill & high duties to p]=m4 ,we f9d him plac$ 9 c]ta9 relations to a great moral ,gov]nor1 :o presides ov] ?is sy/em ( ?+s1 & to a future /ate ( be+ = :i* ! pres5t sc5e is int5d$ to prep>e him4 ,we f9d him possess$ ( p[]s :i* qualify him to feel ^! relations1 & ( pr9ciples calculat$ to guide him ?r\gh ! solemn responsibilities :i* att5d 8 /ate ( moral discipl9e4 ,^! two p>ts ( 8 m5tal con/itution we p]ceive to be rem>kably di/9ct f ea* o!r4 ,! =m] may be 9 vigor\s ex]cise 9 him :o has little feel+ ( 8 moral condition1--& ! latt] may be 9 a high /ate ( culture 9 ! man1 :o1 9 po9t ( intellectual acquirem5t1 kn[s little beyond ! tru?s :i* x mo/ conc]ns him to "k1--^? great b simple pr9ciples :i* guide 8 conduct z a responsible be+4 ,9 a well-regulat$ m9d1 !re is an intimate h>mony & co-op]ation betwe5 ^! two dep>tm5ts ( ! m5tal economy4 ,k1 receiv$ ?r\gh ! p[]s ( s5sation & simple intellect1 :e!r relat+ to ext]nal ?+s1 or to m5tal ph5om5a1--& conclusions d]iv$ f ^! ?r\gh ! p[]s ( reason+1 ought all to contribute to t :i* is ! highe/ /ate ( man1--8 purity z a moral be+4 ,!y ought all to l5d _! aid t[>ds ! cultivation ( ^? pr9ciples ( 8 nature :i* b9d him to 8 fell[-m52--& ^? high] pr9ciples /ill1 :i* raise 8 feeble p[]s to ! ,et]nal ,incompreh5sible ,"o1 ! fir/ great cause ( all ?+s1 & ! moral ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se4 ,a slight degree ( obs]vation is suffici5t to conv9ce u1 t su* a regulat$ condition ( ! m5tal con/itution does n exi/ 9 ! g5]ality ( mank9d4 ,x is n my pres5t purpose to inquire into ! causes by :i* ?is is prim>ily d]ang$2 b x may be int]e/+ to trace "s ( ! circum/ances :i* be> a "p 9 produc+ ! d]angem5t4 ,9 our pres5t /ate ( be+1 we are surr\nd$ ) objects ( s5se2 & ! m9d is kept1 9 a great degree1 "u ! influ5ce ( ext]nal ?+s4 ,9 ?is mann] x (t5 happ5s1 t facts & consid]ations elude our att5tion1 & de$s escape f our memory1 9 a mann] :i* w\ld n occur1 7 ! m9d left at lib]ty to recall its own associations1 & to feel ! influ5ce ( pr9ciples :i* are really "p ( ! m5tal con/itution4 ,x is ?us t1 amid ! bu/le ( life1 ! att5tion is apt to be engross$ by consid]ations ( a local & an inf]ior "*2--:ile facts & motives ( ! highe/ mom5t are ov]look$1 & de$s ( our own1 long gone by1 escape f our remembrance4 ,we ?us lose a correct s5se ( our moral condition1 & yield to ! ag5cy ( pres5t & ext]nal ?+s1 9 a mann] disproportion$ to _! real value4 ,= our highe/ conc]n z moral be+s is ) ?+s future1 & ?+s unse51 & (t5 ) circum/ances 9 our own moral hi/ory1 long pa/1 & p]haps =gott54 ,h5ce ! b5efit ( retirem5t & calm reflection1 & ( e ?+ t t5ds to )draw u f ! impression ( s5sible objects1 & l5ds u to feel ! sup]iority ( ?+s :i* are n se54 ,"u su* influ5ce1 ! m9d displays an a/oni%+ p[] ( recall+ ! pa/ & grasp+ ! future1--& ( view+ objects 9 _! true relations1 to itself & to ea* o!r4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 inde$1 we see exemplifi$ 9 _m affections1 9 :i* ! m9d is cut (f1 9 a great] or less degree1 f its int]c\rse ) ! ext]nal _w1 by causes act+ ^u ! bodily organization4 ,9 ano!r "w ,i h describ$ _m rem>kable examples ( ! m9d1 9 ?is condition1 recall+ its old impressions respect+ ?+s long pa/ & entirely =gott52 & ! facts !re /at$ call our att5tion 9 a v /rik+ mann] to its inh]5t p[]s & its indep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,?is subject is "o ( int5se int]e/1 & sugge/s reflections ( ! mo/ important k9d1 respect+ ! p[]s & prop]ties ( ! ?9k+ pr9ciple4 ,9 p>ticul>1 x leads u to a p]iod1 :i* we are taught to anticipate ev5 by ! inductions ( intellectual sci5ce1 :51 ! bodily frame be+ dissolv$1 ! ?9k+ & reason+ ess5ce %all ex]cise its peculi> faculties 9 a high] /ate ( be+4 ,!re are facts 9 ! m5tal ph5om5a :i* give a high degree ( probability to ! conjecture1 t ! :ole transactions ( life1 ) ! motives & moral hi/ory ( ea* individual1 may !n be recall$ by a process ( ! m9d itself1 & plac$1 z at a s+le glance1 di/9ctly be=e him4 ,7 we to realize su* a m5tal condition1 we %\ld n fail to contemplate ! impressions s recall$1 ) feel+s v diff]5t f ^? by :i* we are apt to be misl$ amid ! influ5ce ( pres5t & ext]nal ?+s4--,! tumult ( life is ov]2--pursuits1 pr9ciples1 & motives1 :i* once bore an aspect ( importance1 are view$ ) feel+s m adapt$ to _! true value4--,! moral pr9ciple recov]s t au?ority1 :i*1 amid ! conte/s ( passion1 _h be5 obscur$ or lo/2--ea* act & ea* emotion is se5 9 its relations to ! great dictates ( tru?1 & ea* pursuit ( life 9 its real be>+ on ! great conc]ns ( a moral be+2--& ! :ole assumes a "* ( new & wondr\s import1 :5 view$ 9 relation to t ,incompreh5sible ,"o1 :o is !n disclos$ 9 all 8 attributes z a moral gov]nor4--,"t pa/ is contract$ into a po9t1 & t ! infancy ( be+2--"t to come is se5 exp&+ into et]nal exi/5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* are ! views :i* op5 on him :o w\ld inquire into ! ess5ce by :i* man is di/+ui%$ z a rational & moral be+4 ,comp>$ ) x1 :at are all ! ph5om5a ( nature1--:at is all ! hi/ory ( ! _w1--! rise & fall ( empires1--or ! fate ( ^? :o rule !m4 ,^! d]ive _! int]e/ f local & transi5t relations1--b ?is is to exi/ = ev]4 ,t sci5ce1 !re=e1 mu/ be consid]$ z ! highe/ ( all human pursuits1 :i* contemplates man 9 8 relation to et]nal ?+s4 ,) its importance we mu/ feel its difficulties2 &1 did we conf9e ! inve/igation to ! m]e pr9ciples ( natural sci5ce1 we %\ld feel ^! difficulties to be insurm\ntable4 ,b1 9 ?is great inquiry1 we h two s\rces ( k1 to :i* no?+ analog\s is to be f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( physical sci5ce1 & :i* w prove infallible guides1 if we resign ourselves to _! direction ) s9c]e desire to discov] ! tru?4 ,^! are1--! light ( consci5ce1--& ! light ( div9e revelation4 ,9 mak+ ?is /atem5t1 ,i am aw>e t ,i tread on delicate gr\nd1--& t "s w consid] an appeal to ! sacr$ writ+s z a dep>ture f ! /rict c\rse ( philosophical inquiry4 ,?is op9ion1 ,i am satisfi$1 is entirely at v>iance ) tru?1--&1 9 e moral inve/igation1 if we take ! inductions ( s\nd philosophy1 along ) ! dictates ( consci5ce1 & ! light ( reveal$ tru?1 we %all f9d !m to con/itute "o uni=m & h>moni\s :ole1 ! v>i\s p>ts ( :i* t5d1 9 a rem>kable mann]1 to e/abli% & illu/rate ea* o!r4 ,if1 inde$1 9 any inve/igation ( moral sci5ce1 we disreg>d ! light :i* is furni%$ by ! sacr$ writ+s1 we resemble an a/ronom] :o %\ld rely entirely on 8 unaid$ sight1 & reject ^? optical inv5tions :i* ext5d s rem>kably ! field ( 8 vision1 z to be to him ! revelation ( ?+s n se54 ,c\ld we suppose a p]son ?us ent]ta9+ d\bts respect+ ! k suppli$ by ! telescope1 yet proce$+ 9 a c&id mann] to inve/igate its tru?1 he w\ld p]ceive1 9 ! telescopic obs]vations !mselves1 pr9ciples develop$ :i* are calculat$ to remove 8 suspicions4 ,=1 9 ! limit$ k :i* is furni%$ by vision alone1 he f9ds difficulties :i* he _c expla91 app>5t inconsi/5cies :i* he _c reconcile1 & insulat$ facts :i* he _c ref] to any kn[n pr9ciple4 ,b1 9 ! m ext5d$ k :i* ! telescope yields1 ^! difficulties disappe>1 facts are br\ght toge!r :i* seem$ unconnect$ or discordant1 & ! univ]se appe>s "o beautiful sy/em ( ord] & consi/5cy4 ,x is ! same 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! moral inquir]1 :5 he ext5ds 8 views beyond ! inductions ( reason1 & corrects 8 conclusions by ! te/imony ( ,god4 ,discordant pr9ciples are br\ght toge!r1 d\bts & difficulties disappe>1 & beauty1 ord]1 & h>mony are se5 to p]vade ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,deity4 ,9 ?is mann] !re also arises a species ( evid5ce = ! doctr9es ( revelation1 :i* is entirely indep5d5t ( ! ext]nal pro(s ( its div9e orig92 & :i*1 to ! c&id m9d1 inve/s x ) all ! *>act]s ( au!nticity & tru?4 ,f ^! comb9$ s\rces ( k1 ?us illu/rat+ & confirm+ ea* o!r1 we are enabl$ to atta91 9 moral inquiries1 a degree ( c]ta9ty adapt$ to _! high importance4 ,we d s :51 ) s9c]e desire to discov] ! tru?1 we resign ourselves to ! guidance ( ! light :i* is )91 aid$ z x is by t light f heav5 :i* %9es ^u ! pa? ( ! humble inquir]4 ,cultivat$ on ^! pr9ciples1 ! sci5ce is fitt$ to engage ! mo/ p[]ful m9d2 :ile x w imp>t /r5g? to ! mo/ common und]/&+4 ,x t]m9ates 9 no b>r5 speculations1 b t5ds directly to promote peace on e>?1 & good-w among m54 ,x is calculat$ bo? to enl>ge ! und]/&+1 & to elevate & purify ! feel+s1 & ?us to cultivate ! moral be+ = ! life :i* is to come4 ,x spreads =? to ! view1 becom+ smoo!r & bright] ! f>!r x is pursu$2 & ! rays :i* illum9ate ! pa? conv]ge 9 ! ?rone ( ,him :o is ,et]nal4 ,,sect4 ,,ii4 ,,( ,,fir/ ,,tru?s ,,9 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s4 ,! k :i* we receive ?r\gh our intellectual p[]s is ref]able to two classes4 ,^! may be di/+ui%$ by ! names ( acquir$ k1 & intuitive or fundam5tal articles ( belief4 ,! =m] is procur$ by ! active use ( our m5tal p[]s1 9 collect+ facts1 trac+ _! relations1 & obs]v+ ! d$uctions :i* arise out ( p>ticul> comb9ations ( !m4 ,^! con/itute ! op]ations :i* ,i h ref]r$ to 9 ano!r "w1 "u ! heads ( processes ( inve/igation1 & processes ( reason+4 ,! full ex]cise ( !m requires a c]ta9 culture ( ! m5tal faculties1 & consequ5tly is conf9$ to a comp>atively small numb] ( m54 ,we p]ceive1 h[ev]1 t su* culture is n ess5tial to e individual1--= _m are v defici5t 9 x :o yet are consid]$ z p]sons ( s\nd m9d1 & capable ( dis*>g+ _! duties 9 v>i\s situations ( life 9 a cr$itable & useful mann]4 ,b ! k :i* we d]ive f ! o!r s\rce is ( imm$iate & ess5tial importance to m5 ( e degree2 &1 )\t x1 no individual c\ld engage1 ) confid5ce1 9 any ( ! common transactions ( life1 or make any provision = 8 protection or com=t1 or ev5 = ! cont9uance ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,^! are ! pr9ciples also treat$ (1 9 a =m] "w1 "u ! "n ( ,fir/ ,tru?s4 ,!y are n1 l our k ( ! o!r k9d1 ! result ( any process ei!r ( inve/igation or ( reason+1 &1 = ! possession ( !m1 no man ei!r dep5ds ^u 8 own obs]vation1 or has rec\rse to t ( o!r m54 ,!y are a "p ( 8 m5tal con/itution1 aris+1 ) a feel+ ( absolute c]ta9ty1 9 e s\nd m9d2 &1 :ile !y admit ( no pro( by processes ( reason+1 sophi/ical objections br\ght aga9/ !m c be combat$ only by an appeal to ! consci\sness ( e man1 & to ! absolute conviction :i* =ces itself ^u ! :ole mass ( mank9d4 ,if ! ,creator has ?us implant$ 9 ! m9d ( man pr9ciples to guide him 9 8 intellectual & physical relations1 indep5d5tly ( any acquir$ k1 we might naturally expect to f9d him end[$1 9 ! same mann]1 ) pr9ciples adapt$ to 8 m important relations z a moral be+4 ,we might naturally expect1 t1 9 ^! high conc]ns1 he w\ld n be left to ! k :i* he might casually acquire1 ei!r ?r\gh 8 own p[]s ( inve/igation or reason+1 or ?r\gh in/ruction receiv$ f o!r m54 ,impressions adapt$ to ?is important end we accord+ly f9d develop$ 9 a rem>kable mann]1--& !y are ref]able to t "p ( our con/itution1 :i* holds s important a place 9 ! philosophy ( ! m9d1 by :i* we p]ceive diff]5ces 9 ! moral aspect ( actions1 & approve or disapprove ( !m z "r or wrong4 ,! convictions d]iv$ f ?is s\rce seem to occupy ! same place 9 ! moral sy/em1 t fir/ tru?s1 or intuitive articles ( belief1 d 9 ! intellectual4 ,l !m1 also1 !y admit ( no direct pro(s by processes ( reason+2 &1 :5 sophi/ical argum5ts are br\ght aga9/ !m1 ! only true answ] consi/s 9 an appeal to ! consci5ce ( e uncontam9at$ m9d2--by :i* we mean *iefly ! consci\sness ( its own moral impressions1 9 a m9d :i* has n be5 degrad$ 9 its moral p]ceptions by a c\rse ( p]sonal depravity4 ,?is is a consid]ation ( ! utmo/ practical importance2 & x w probably appe> t _m well-int5d$ argum5ts1 respect+ ! fir/ pr9ciples ( moral tru?1 h be5 inconclusive1 9 ! same mann] z 7 attempts to e/abli% fir/ tru?s by processes ( reason+1--because ! l9e ( argum5t adopt$ 9 reg>d to !m 0 "o ( :i* !y are n susceptible4 ,! =ce ( ?is analogy is 9 no degree weak5$ by ! fact1 t !re is1 9 _m cases1 an app>5t diff]5ce betwe5 t "p ( our m5tal con/itution1 on :i* is f\nd$ our conviction ( fir/ tru?s1 & t pr9ciple f :i* is d]iv$ our impression ( moral tru?3--,= ! =m] cont9ues ! same 9 e m9d :i* is nei!r obscur$ by idiocy nor di/ort$ by insanity2 b ! moral feel+s become vitiat$ by a process ( ! m9d itself1 by :i* x has gradually gone a/ray f rectitude4 ,h5ce ! diff]5ce we f9d 9 ! decisions ( diff]5t m51 respect+ moral tru?1 aris+ f peculi>ities 9 _! own m5tal condition2--& h5ce t rem>kable obscuration ( m9d1 at :i* "s m5 at l5g? arrive1 by :i* ! judgm5t is entirely p]v]t$ respect+ ! fir/ great pr9ciples ( moral purity4 ,:51 !re=e1 we appeal to c]ta9 pr9ciples 9 ! m5tal con/itution1 z ! s\rce ( our fir/ impressions ( moral tru?1 our appeal is made *iefly to a m9d :i* is nei!r obscur$ by depravity1 nor bewild]$ by ! ref9em5ts ( a false philosophy3--x is made to a m9d 9 :i* consci5ce /ill holds "s degree ( its rightful au?ority1 & 9 :i* !re is a s9c]e & hone/ desire to discov] ! tru?4 ,^! two elem5ts ( "* mu/ g toge!r 9 e correct inquiry 9 moral sci5ce2 &1 to a man 9 an opposite condition1 we %\ld no m appeal1 9 reg>d to ! pr9ciples ( moral tru?1 ?an we %\ld take f ! fatu\s p]son or ! maniac our te/ ( ^? fir/ pr9ciples ( intellectual tru?1 :i* are all[$ to be orig9al elem5ts ( belief 9 e s\nd m9d4 ,to rem$y ! evils aris+ f ?is div]sity & di/ortion ( moral p]ception1 is "o ( ! objects ( div9e revelation4 ,by means ( x !re is introduc$ a fix$ & uni=m /&>d ( moral tru?2 b1 x is ( importance to rem>k1 t1 = ! au?ority ( ?is1 an appeal is made to pr9ciples 9 ! m9d itself1 & t e "p ( x *all5ges ! ass5t ( ! man 9 :om consci5ce has n lo/ its p[] 9 ! m5tal economy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,keep+ 9 view ! di/9ction :i* has n[ be5 ref]r$ to1 x w\ld appe>1 t !re are c]ta9 fir/ pr9ciples ( moral tru?1 :i* arise 9 ! m9d by ! mo/ simple process ( reflection1--ei!r z con/itut+ its own prim>y moral convictions1 or z foll[+ f its consci\sness ( ^! convictions by a pla9 & obvi\s *a9 ( relations4 ,^! are *iefly ! foll[+4 ,i4 ,a p]ception ( ! nature & quality ( actions1 z j or unju/1--"r or wrong2--& a conviction ( c]ta9 duties1 z ( ju/ice1 v]acity1 & b5evol5ce1 :i* e man owes to 8 fell[-m54 ,e man1 9 8 own case1 aga91 expects ! same (fices f o!rs2 &1 on ?is reciprocity ( feel+1 is f\nd$ ! precept1 :i* is felt to be "o ( univ]sal obligation1 to d to o!rs z we w\ld t !y %\ld d to u4 ,,ii4 ,f ?is prim>y moral impression1 !re arises1 by a mo/ natural sequ5ce1 a conviction ( ! exi/5ce & sup]9t5d5ce ( a great moral ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se1--a be+ ( inf9ite p]fection & inf9ite purity4 ,a belief 9 ?is ,be+1 z ! fir/ great cause1 is d]iv$1 z we h =m]ly se51 by a simple /ep ( reason+1 f a survey ( ! works ( nature1 tak5 9 connexion ) ! ,fir/ ,tru?1 t e ev5t mu/ h an adequate cause4 ,our s5se ( 8 moral attributes arises1 ) a feel+ ( equal c]ta9ty1 :51 f ! moral impressions ( our own m9ds1 we inf] ! moral attributes ( him :o ?us =m$ u4 ,,iii4 ,f ^! comb9$ impressions1 !re naturally spr+s a s5se ( moral responsibility2--or a conviction1 t1 = ! due p]=mance ( ! duties :i* are indicat$ by ! consci5ce1 or moral consci\sness1 man is responsible to ! ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se2--& f>!r1 t to ?is ,be+ he owes1 m imm$iately1 a c]ta9 homage ( ! moral feel+s1 entirely di/9ct f ! duties :i* he owes to 8 fell[-m54 ,,iv4 ,f ?is *a9 ( moral convictions1 x is impossible to sep>ate a deep impression ( cont9u$ exi/5ce1 or ( a /ate ( be+ beyond ! pres5t life1--& ( t z a /ate ( moral retribution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! consid]ation ( ^! important objects ( belief w aft]w>ds occur to u 9 v>i\s p>ts ( our inquiry4 ,!y are briefly /at$ "h1 9 ref]5ce to ! place :i* !y hold z ,fir/ ,tru?s1 or prim>y articles ( moral belief1 :i* arise by a natural & obvi\s *a9 ( sequ5ce1 9 ! moral conviction ( e s\nd und]/&+4 ,= ! tru? ( !m we appeal n to any process ( reason+1 prop]ly s call$1 b to ! conviction :i* =ces itself ^u e regulat$ m9d4 ,nei!r d we g abroad among savage nations1 to inquire :e!r ! impression ( !m be univ]sal2 = ?is may be obscur$ 9 communities1 z x is 9 individuals1 by a c\rse ( moral degradation4 ,we appeal to ! casui/ himself1 :e!r1 9 ! calm mom5t ( reflection1 he c dive/ himself ( _! p[]4 ,we appeal to ! feel+s ( ! man :o1 "u ! consci\sness ( guilt1 %r9ks f ! dread ( a pres5t ,deity & ! anticipation ( a future reckon+4 ,b *iefly we appeal to ! conviction ( him1 9 :om consci5ce reta9s its rightful supremacy1 & :o habitually *]i%es ^! mom5t\s tru?s1 z 8 guides 9 ?is life 9 its relation to ! life t is to come4 ,9 apply+ to ^! important articles ( belief ! "n ( ,fir/ ,tru?s1 or prim>y pr9ciples ( moral conviction1 ,i d n mean to ascribe to !m any ?+ ( ! nature ( innate ideas4 ,i mean only t !y arise1 ) a rapid or in/antane\s conviction entirely di/9ct f :at we call a process ( reason+1 9 e regulat$ m9d1 :5 x is direct$1 by ! mo/ simple c\rse ( reflection1 to ! ph5om5a ( nature )\t1 & to ! moral feel+s ( :i* x is consci\s )94 ,x appe>s to be a po9t ( ! utmo/ practical importance1 t we %\ld consid] !m z ?us aris+ out ( pr9ciples :i* =m a "p ( our moral con/itution2 z x is 9 ?is way only t we c consid] !m z calculat$ to influ5ce ! mass ( mank9d4 ,=1 if we d n believe !m to arise1 9 ?is mann]1 by ! spontane\s ex]cise ( e uncorrupt$ m9d1 !re are only two me?ods by :i* we c suppose !m to orig9ate2--! "o is a direct revelation f ! ,deity1--! o!r is a process ( reason+ or ( inve/igation1 prop]ly s call$1 analog\s to t by :i* we acquire ! k ( any pr9ciple 9 natural sci5ce4 ,we _c believe t !y are d]iv$ entirely f revelation1 because we f9d ! belief exi/+ :]e no revelation is kn[n1 & because we f9d ! sacr$ writ]s appeal+ to !m z s\rces ( conviction exi/+ 9 ! m5tal con/itution ( e man4 ,!re is an obvi\s absurdity1 aga91 9 suppos+ t pr9ciples1 :i* are to regulate ! conduct ( responsible be+s1 %\ld be left to ! *ance ( be+ unfold$ by processes ( reason+1 9 :i* diff]5t m9ds may arrive at diff]5t conclusions1 & 9 reg>d to :i* _m are incapable ( foll[+ out any argum5t at all4 ,:at is call$ ! argum5t a priori = ! exi/5ce & attributes ( ! ,deity1 = in/ance1 conveys little t is conclusive to mo/ m9ds1 & to _m is entirely incompreh5sible4 ,! same obs]vation may be appli$ to ^? well-int5d$ & able argum5ts1 by :i* ! probability ( a future /ate is %ewn f analogy & f ! con/itution ( ! m9d4 ,^! are f\nd$ *iefly on ?ree consid]ations1--! t5d5cy ( virtue to produce happ9ess1 & ( vice to be foll[$ by mis]y1--! unequal di/ribution ( good & evil 9 ! pres5t life1--& ! adaptation ( our moral faculties to a /ate ( be+ v diff]5t f t 9 :i* we are at pres5t plac$4 ,!re is mu* 9 ^! argum5ts calculat$ to elevate our conceptions ( our condition z moral be+s1 & ( t future /ate ( exi/5ce = :i* we are de/9$2 & !re is mu* scope = ! highe/ p[]s ( reason+1 9 %ew+ ! accordance ( ^! tru?s ) ! s\nde/ inductions ( true philosophy4 ,b1 not)/&+ all _! tru? & all _! utility1 x may be d\bt$ :e!r !y are to any "o ! f\ndation ( 8 fai? 9 ano!r /ate ( be+4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 at lea/1 t _! =ce is felt by ^? only ^: m9ds h be5 9 "s degree tra9$ to habits ( reason+1 & t !y are !re=e n adapt$ to ! mass ( mank9d4 ,b ! tru?s :i* !y are int5d$ to e/abli% are ( et]nal importance to m5 ( e degree1 & we %\ld !re=e expect !m to re/ ^u evid5ce :i* f9ds its way ) un]r+ aim to ! he>ts ( ! unle>n$4 ,! unansw]able reason+s ( ,butl] nev] rea*$ ! e> ( ! gray-hair$ pi\s peasant1 b he ne$s n _! p[]ful aid to e/abli% 8 sure & c]ta9 hope ( a bless$ immortality4 ,x is no induction ( logic t has transfix$ ! he>t ( ! victim ( deep remorse1 :5 he )]s b5ea? an influ5ce unse5 by human eye1 & %r9ks f ! anticipation ( a reckon+ to come4 ,9 bo?1 ! evid5ce is )91--a "p ( ! orig9al con/itution ( e rational m9d1 plant$ !re by him :o fram$ ! wondr\s fabric4 ,?is is ! p[] ( consci5ce2--) an au?ority1 :i* no man c put away f him1 x pleads at once = 8 own future exi/5ce1 & = ! moral attributes ( an omnipot5t & ev]-pres5t ,deity4 ,9 a heal?y /ate ( ! moral feel+s1 ! man recognises its claim to supreme dom9ion4 ,amid ! degradation ( guilt1 x /ill raises its voice & ass]ts its "r to gov]n ! :ole man2 &1 ?\gh its w>n+s are disreg>d$1 & its claims disall[$1 x proves )9 8 inmo/ s\l an accus] t _c be /ill$1 & an av5g+ _s t nev] is qu5*$4 ,simil> obs]vations apply to ! uni=mity ( moral di/9ctions1 or ! conviction ( a c]ta9 l9e ( conduct :i* man owes to 8 fell[-m54 ,!re h be5 _m controv]sies & v>i\s cont5d+ sy/ems 9 ref]5ce to ?is subject1 b ,i submit t ! "q may be dispos$ ( 9 ! same mann] z ! "o n[ m5tion$4 ,c]ta9 fix$ & def9$ pr9ciples ( relative duty appe> to be recognis$ by ! cons5t ( mank9d1 z an ess5tial "p ( _! moral con/itution1 by z absolute a conviction z t by :i* are recognis$ our bodily qualities4 ,! h>d5$ crim9al1 ^: life has be5 a c\rse ( inju/ice & fraud1 :5 at l5g? br\ght into circum/ances :i* expose him to ! k or ! retribution ( 8 fell[-m51 expects f !m v]acity & ju/ice1 or p]haps ev5 ?r[s himself ^u _! m]cy4 ,he ?us recognises su* pr9ciples z a "p ( ! moral con/itution1 j z ! bl9d man1 :5 he has miss$ 8 way1 asks direction ( ! fir/ p]son he meets1--presum+ ^u ! latt] possess+ a s5se :i*1 ?\gh lo/ to him1 he /ill consid]s z belong+ to e s\nd man4 ,9 def5d+ himself1 also1 ! crim9al %ews ! same recognition4 ,=1 8 object is to disprove ! alleg$ facts1 or to frame excuses = 8 conduct2--he nev] attempts to "q ^? univ]sal pr9ciples by :i* he feels t 8 actions mu/ be condemn$1 if ! facts are prov$ aga9/ him4 ,)\t su* pr9ciples1 inde$1 ?us univ]sally recognis$1 x is evid5t t ! :ole sy/em ( human ?+s w\ld g into confusion & ru94 ,human laws may re/ra9 or puni% gross acts ( viol5ce & inju/ice2 b !y c nev] provide = numb]less me?ods by :i* a man may injure 8 neighb\r1 or promote 8 own int]e/ at ! exp5se ( o!rs4 ,!re are1 9 fact1 b a v few cases :i* c be provid$ = by any human in/itution2 x is a pr9ciple )9 t regulates ! :ole moral economy4 ,9 its ext5t & importance1 :5 comp>$ ) all ! devices ( man1 x may be lik5$ to ^? great pr9ciples :i* guide ! movem5ts ( ! univ]se1 contra/$ ) ! contrivances by :i* m5 produce p>ticul> results = _! own conv5i5ce2 & "o might z well expect to move a planet by ma*9]y1 or propel a comet by ! p[] ( /eam1 z to pres]ve ! semblance ( ord] 9 ! moral _w1 )\t ^? fundam5tal pr9ciples ( rectitude :i* =m a "p ( ! orig9al con/itution ( e rational be+4 ,f>!r1 z ea* man has ! consci\sness ( ^! pr9ciples 9 himself1 he has ! conviction t simil> pr9ciples exi/ 9 o!rs4 ,h5ce arises ! impression1 t1 z he judges ( _! conduct by 8 own moral feel+s1 s w !y judge ( him by correspond+ feel+s 9 !mselves4 ,9 ?is mann] is produc$ t reciprocity ( moral impression1 by :i* a man feels ! op9ion ( 8 fell[-m5 to be ei!r a rew>d or a puni%m5t2 & h5ce also spr+s t great rule ( relative duty1 :i* tea*es u to d to o!rs z we w\ld t !y %\ld d to u4 ,?is uni=mity ( moral feel+ & affection ev5 proves a *eck ^u ^? :o h subdu$ ! influ5ce ( ^! feel+s 9 !mselves4 ,?us1 a man :o has ?r[n (f all s5se ( ju/ice1 compassion1 or b5evol5ce1 is /ill kept "u a c]ta9 degree ( control by ! conviction ( ^! impressions exi/+ 9 ^? by :om he is surr\nd$4 ,!re are inde$ m5 9 ! _w1 z has be5 rem>k$ by ,butl]1 9 :om ?is appe>s to be ! only re/ra9t to :i* _! conduct is subject$4 ,^u ! :ole1 !re=e1 !re seems to be gr\nd = assum+1 t ! articles ( belief1 :i* h be5 ! subject ( ! prec$+ obs]vations1 are prim>y pr9ciples aris+ ) an imm$iate feel+ ( conviction 9 our moral con/itution2 & t !y correspond ) ^? elem5ts 9 our intellectual economy1 :i* are commonly call$ ,fir/ ,tru?s1--pr9ciples :i* are n[ univ]sally admitt$ to require no o!r evid5ce ?an ! conviction :i* =ces itself ^u e s\nd und]/&+4 ,,philosophy ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s4 ,:5 we analyze ! pr9ciples :i* di/+ui% man z a moral be+1 our att5tion is fir/ direct$ to 8 actions1 z ! ext]nal ph5om5a by :i* we judge ( 8 int]nal pr9ciples4 ,x is famili> to e "o1 h[ev]1 t ! same action may proce$ f v diff]5t motives1 & t1 :5 we h ! means ( e/imat+ motives or pr9ciples1 x is f ^! t we =m our judgm5t respect+ ! moral condition ( ! individual1 & n f 8 actions alone4 ,:5 we consid] sep>ately ! elem5ts :i* ent] into ! economy ( an intellig5t & responsible ag5t1 !y seem to resolve !mselves into ! foll[+3-- ,i4 ,8 actual conduct1 or actions4 ,,ii4 ,9 det]m9+ 8 conduct1 ! imm$iate pr9ciple is 8 w1 or simple volition4 ,he wills "s act1--& ! act foll[s ( c\rse1 unless x be prev5t$ by re/ra9t f )\t1 or by physical inability to p]=m x4 ,^! alone c int]f]e ) a man foll[+ ! det]m9ation ( 8 w1 or simple volition4 ,,iii4 ,! objects ( w or simple volition are ref]able to two classes1--objects to be obta9$1--& actions to be p]=m$ to o!rs2--& ^! are connect$ ) two di/9ct m5tal conditions1 :i* exi/ previ\sly to ! act ( volition4 ,9 reg>d to objects to be obta9$1 ?is m5tal condition is ,desire2--9 reg>d to actions t[>ds o!rs1 x is ,affection4 ,! ,desires & ,affections1 !re=e1 hold a place 9 ! m9d previ\s to volition4 ,f "o ( !m orig9ates ! m5tal /ate :i*1 "u c]ta9 regulations1 leads to volition1 or to our will+ a c]ta9 act4 ,! act1 :i* is !n ! result ( ! volition1 consi/s ei!r 9 c]ta9 ef=ts t[>ds atta9+ ! object desir$1--or 9 c]ta9 conduct t[>ds o!r m51 amus+ out ( our affections or m5tal feel+s t[>ds !m4 ,! ,desires & ,affections1 !re=e1 may be consid]$ z ! prim>y or mov+ p[]s1 f :i* our actions proce$4 ,9 connection ) !m we h to keep 9 view ano!r pr9ciple1 :i* has an ext5sive influ5ce on our conduct 9 reg>d to bo? ^! classes ( emotions4 ,?is is ,self-love2--:i* leads u to seek our own protection1 com=t1 & advantage4 ,x is a s\nd & legitimate pr9ciple ( action :5 kept 9 its prop] place2--:5 all[$ to usurp an undue influ5ce1 x deg5]ates into selfi%ness2 & x !n int]f]es 9 a mat]ial degree ) ! ex]cise ( ! affections1 or1 9 o!r words1 ) our duty to o!r m54 ,,iv4 ,we h next to att5d to ! fact1 t e desire is n foll[$ by actual volition t[>ds obta9+ ! object2--& t e affection does n lead to ! conduct :i* might fl[ f x4 ,?us a man may feel a desire :i*1 aft] consid]ation1 he det]m9es n to gratify4 ,ano!r may exp]i5ce an affection1 & n act ^u x2--he may feel b5evol5ce or fri5d%ip1 & yet act1 9 ! p>ticul> case1 ) cold selfi%ness2--or he may feel ! impulse ( ang]1 & yet conduct himself ) =be>ance4 ,:51 !re=e1 we g ano!r /ep backw>ds 9 ! *a9 ( moral sequ5ces1 our att5tion is direct$ to c]ta9 pr9ciples by :i* ! det]m9ation is actually decid$1--ei!r accord+ to ! desire or affection :i* is pres5t to ! m9d1 or 9 opposition to x4 ,?is br+s u to a subject ( ! utmo/ practical importance3--& ! pr9ciples1 :i* ?us decide ! det]m9ation ( ! m9d1 are ref]able to two heads4 7#a47 ,! det]m9ation or decision may arise out ( a c]ta9 /ate ( arrangem5t ( ! mov+ p[]s !mselves1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* "s "o ( !m has acquir$ a pr$om9at+ influ5ce 9 ! moral sy/em4 ,?is usually results f habit1 or frequ5t indulg5ce1 z we %all see 9 a subsequ5t "p ( our inquiry4 ,a man1 = example1 may desire an object1 b p]ceive t ! atta9m5t w\ld require a degree ( ex]tion great] ?an he is dispos$ to devote to x4 ,?is is ! prepond]at+ love ( ease1 a bran* ( self-love4 ,ano!r may p]ceive t ! gratification w\ld impair 8 good "n1 or ! e/imation 9 :i* he is anxi\s to /& 9 ! eyes ( o!r m52--?is is ! pr$om9at+ love ( approbation1 or reg>d to "*4 ,9 ! same mann]1 a ?ird may feel t x w\ld int]f]e ) 8 s*emes ( av>ice or ambition1--& s 9 reg>d to ! o!r desires4 ,on a simil> pr9ciple1 a man may exp]i5ce a /rong impulse ( ang]1 b p]ceive t !re w\ld be dang] 9 gratify+ x1 or t he w\ld promote 8 reputation or 8 int]e/ by n act+ ^u x2--he may exp]i5ce a b5evol5t affection1 b feel t ! ex]cise w\ld int]f]e too mu* ) 8 p]sonal int]e/ or com=t4 7#b47 ,! det]m9ation may arise f a s5se ( duty1 or an impression ( moral rectitude1 ap>t f e consid]ation ( a p]sonal nature4 ,?is is ! ,moral ,pr9ciple or ,consci5ce2--9 e m9d 9 a /ate ( moral heal?1 x is ! supreme & regulat+ pr9ciple1 pres]v+ among ! mov+ p[]s a c]ta9 h>mony to ea* o!r1 & to ! pr9ciples ( moral rectitude4 ,x (t5 excites to conduct :i* requires a sacrifice ( self-love1 & s prev5ts ?is pr9ciple f int]f]+ ) ! s\nd ex]cise ( ! affections4 ,x regulates ! desires1 & re/ra9s !m by ! simple rule ( purity2--x directs & regulates ! affections 9 ! same mann] by ! high s5se ( moral responsibility2 & x ?us ma9ta9s ord] & h>mony 9 ! :ole moral sy/em4 ,"o ( ! *ief div]sities ( human "*1 inde$1 arises f ! circum/ance ( "o man be+ habitually influ5c$ by ! simple & /raight-=w>d pr9ciple ( duty1 & ano!r m]ely by a k9d ( conte/ betwe5 desires & motives ( a v inf]ior or selfi% nature4 ,?us also we acquire a k ( ! moral temp]am5t ( diff]5t m51 & le>n to adapt our measures accord+ly 9 our transactions ) !m4 ,9 endeav\r+1 = example1 to excite ?ree individuals to "s act ( usefulness1 we come to "k1 t 9 "o we h only to appeal to 8 s5se ( duty2 9 ano!r to 8 vanity or love ( approbation2 :ile we h no hope ( mak+ any impression on ! ?ird1 unless we c make x appe> to be> ^u 8 int]e/4 ,v4 ,! pr9ciples ref]r$ to "u ! prec$+ heads are *iefly ^? :i* regulate ! connexion ( man ) 8 fell[-m54 ,b !re is ano!r class ( emotions1 9 _! nature di/9ct f ^!2 ?\gh1 9 a practical po9t ( view1 !y are mu* connect$4 ,^! are ! emotions :i* arise out ( 8 relation to ! ,deity4 ,! regulation ( ! moral feel+s1 9 ref]5ce to ?is relation1 w !re=e come to be consid]$ 9 a dep>tm5t ( ! inquiry devot$ to !mselves1 9 connexion ) ! views ( ! "* & attributes ( ,god1 :i* we obta9 f ! light ( reason & consci5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is analysis ( ! pr9ciples :i* con/itute ! moral feel+s indicates ! f>!r division ( our inquiry 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,i4 ,! ,desires1--! ,affections1--& ,self-love4 ,,ii4 ,! ,w4 ,,iii4 ,! ,moral ,pr9ciple1 or ,consci5ce4 ,,iv4 ,! moral relation ( man t[>ds ! ,deity4 ,^! con/itute :at may be call$ ! active pr9ciples ( man1 or ^? :i* are calculat$ to decide 8 conduct z a moral & responsible be+4 ,9 connexion ) !m1 !re is ano!r class ( feel+s1 :i* may be call$ passive or connect+ emotions4 ,!y ex]t a consid]able influ5ce ( a second>y k9d2 b1 9 an ,essay :i* is meant to be ess5tially practical1 x p]haps w n be necess>y to d m ?an enum]ate !m 9 su* a mann] z to po9t out _! relation to ! active pr9ciples4 ,:5 an object pres5ts qualities on acc\nt ( :i* we wi% to obta9 x1 we feel desire4 ,if we h reason to ?9k t x is )9 our rea*1 we exp]i5ce hope2 & ! effect ( ?is is to enc\rage u 9 our ex]tions4 ,if we arrive at su* a conviction z leaves no d\bt ( ! atta9m5t1 ?is is confid5ce1 "o ( ! =ms ( t /ate ( m9d :i* we call fai?4 ,if we see no prospect ( atta9+ x1 we give way to despair1--& ?is leads u to ab&on all ex]tion = ! atta9m5t4 ,:5 we obta9 ! object we exp]i5ce pleasure or joy2 if we are disappo9t$1 we feel regret4 ,if1 aga91 we h ! prospect ( "s evil :i* ?reat5s u1 we exp]i5ce fe>1 & are !reby excit$ to ex]tions = av]t+ x4 ,if we succe$ 9 do+ s1 we exp]i5ce joy2 if n1 we feel sorr[4 ,if ! evil seem unavoidable1 we aga9 give way to despair1 & are ?us l$ to rel9qui% all attempts to av]t x4--,simil> emotions att5d on ! affections4 ,:5 we exp]i5ce an affection1 we desire to be able to act ^u x4 ,:5 we see a prospect ( do+ s1 we hope2 if !re seem to be none1 we despair ( accompli%+ our object4 ,:5 we h act$ ^u a b5evol5t affection1 or accord+ to ! dictates ( ! moral pr9ciple1 we exp]i5ce self-approbation2 :5 ! contr>y1 we feel remorse4 ,:5 ei!r a desire or an affection has acquir$ an undue influ5ce1 s z to c>ry u =w>d 9 a mann] disproportion$ to its real & prop] t5d5cies1 x becomes a passion4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,( ,,! ,,desires1 ,,! ,,affections1 ,,& ,,self-,,love4 ,,sect4 ,i4 ,,! ,,desires4 ,desire is ! imm$iate movem5t or act ( ! m9d t[>ds an object :i* pres5ts "s quality on acc\nt ( :i* we wi% to obta9 x4 ,! objects ( desire1 !re=e1 embrace all ^? atta9m5ts & gratifications1 :i* mank9d consid] wor?y ( be+ s\ght aft]4 ,! object pursu$ 9 ea* p>ticul> case1 is det]m9$ by ! views1 habits1 & moral dispositions ( ! individual4 ,9 ?is mann]1 "o p]son may reg>d an object1 z above e o!r wor?y ( be+ s\ght aft]1 :i* to ano!r appe>s insignificant or wor?less4 ,! pr9ciples :i* regulate ^! div]sities1 & consequ5tly =m "o ( ! great diff]5ces 9 human "*1 belong to a subsequ5t "p ( our inquiry4 ,9 =m+ a classification ( ! desires1 we mu/ be guid$ simply by ! nature ( ! v>i\s objects :i* are desir$4 ,^? :i* may be specifi$ z ! mo/ preval5t1 & ! mo/ cle>ly to be di/+ui%$ z sep>ate1 may be ref]r$ to ! foll[+ heads4 ,i4 ,! gratification ( ! animal prop5sities1--commonly call$ ! appetites4 ,^!1 :i* we possess 9 common ) ! l[] animals1 are implant$ 9 u = important purposes2 b !y require to be kept "u ! mo/ rigid control1 bo? ( reason & ( ! moral pr9ciple4 ,:5 !y are all[$ to break ?r\gh ^! re/ra9ts1 & become lead+ pr9ciples ( action1 !y =m a "* ! l[e/ 9 ! scale1 :e!r intellectual or moral2 & x is impossible to contemplate a m degrad$ condition ( a rational & moral be+4 ,! consequ5ces to society are also ( ! mo/ baneful nature4 ,)\t allud+ to ! glutton or to ! drunk>d1 :at accumulat$ guilt1 degradation1 & wret*$ness foll[ ! c\rse ( ! lib]t9e1--bla/+ :atev] comes )9 ! rea* ( 8 influ5ce1 & ext5d+ a demoraliz+ p[] alike to him :o inflicts & to ^? :o suff] ! wrong4 ,?us is con/itut$ a class ( evils1 ( :i* no human law c take any adequate cognizance1 & :i* !re=e raise our views1 9 a special & peculi> mann]1 to a supreme ,moral ,gov]nor4 ,,ii4 ,! ,desire ( ,weal?1 commonly call$ ,av>ice2--?\gh av>ice is p]haps ju/ly to be reg>d$ z ! morbid excess or abuse ( ! prop5sity4 ,?is is prop]ly to be consid]$ z orig9at+ 9 ! desire to possess ! means ( procur+ o!r gratifications4 ,b1 by ! influ5ce ( habit1 ! desire is transf]r$ to ! ?+ itself1 & x (t5 becomes a k9d ( mania1 9 :i* !re is ! pure love ( ga91 )\t ! application ( x to any o!r k9d ( enjoym5t4 ,x is a prop5sity :i* may1 9 a rem>kable mann]1 engross ! :ole "*1 acquir+ /r5g? by cont9uance1 & x is !n g5]ally accompani$ by a contract$ selfi%ness1 :i* consid]s no?+ z mean or unwor?y t c be made to contribute to ! rul+ passion4 ,?is may be ! case ev5 :5 ! prop5sity is regulat$ by ! rules ( ju/ice2--if x break ?r\gh ?is re/ra9t1 x leads to fraud1 extortion1 deceit1 & inju/ice1--&1 "u ano!r =m1 to !ft or robb]y4 ,x is !re=e always 9 dang] ( be+ oppos$ to ! ex]cise ( ! b5evol5t affections1 lead+ a man to live = himself1 & to /udy only ! means calculat$ to promote 8 own int]e/4 ,,iii4 ,! ,desire ( ,p[]1 or ,ambition4 ,?is is ! love ( rul+1--or giv+ ! law to a circle :e!r m or less ext5sive4 ,:5 x becomes ! gov]n+ prop5sity1 ! /ronge/ pr9ciples ( human nature give way be=e x1--ev5 ^? ( p]sonal com=t & safety4 ,?is we see 9 ! conqu]or1 :o braves e dang]1 difficulty1 & privation1 = ! atta9m5t ( p[]2 & 9 ! /atesman1 :o sacrifices = x e p]sonal advantage1 p]haps heal? & peace4 ,! pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 assumes ano!r =m1 :i*1 accord+ to its direction1 may aim at a high] object4 ,su* is ! desire ( ex]cis+ p[] ov] ! m9ds ( m52 ( p]suad+ a multitude1 by argum5ts or eloqu5ce1 to de$s ( usefulness2 ( plead+ ! cause ( ! oppress$2--a p[] ( influ5c+ ! op9ions ( o!rs1 & ( guid+ !m into s\nd s5tim5ts & virtu\s conduct4 ,?is is a species ( p[]1 ! mo/ gratify+ by f> to an exalt$ & virtu\s m9d1 & "o calculat$ to c>ry b5efit to o!rs :]ev] x is ex]t$4 ,,iv4 ,! ,desire ( ,sup]iority1 or ,emulation4 ,?is is alli$ to ! =m]1 except t x does n include any direct wi% to rule1 b aims simply at ! acquirem5t ( pre-em95ce4 ,x is a prop5sity ( ext5sive influ5ce1 & n easily conf9$ )9 ! b\nds ( correct pr9ciple4 ,x is apt to lead to undue means = ! accompli%m5t ( its object2 & e real or imag9$ failure t5ds to excite hatr$ & envy4 ,h5ce x requires ! mo/ c>eful regulation &1 :5 mu* enc\rag$ 9 ! "y1 is n free f ! dang] ( g5]at+ malignant passions4 ,its influ5ce & t5d5cy1 z 9 o!r desires1 dep5d 9 a great measure on ! objects to :i* x is direct$4 ,x may be se5 9 ! man :o seeks to excel 8 associates 9 ! gaiety ( 8 app>el1 ! spl5d\r ( 8 equipage1 or ! luxury ( 8 table4 ,x is f\nd 9 him ^: pr\d di/9ction is to be ! mo/ fe>less rid] at a /eeple-*ase or a fox-hunt1--or to p]=m "s o!r exploit1 ! only claim ( :i* to admiration consi/s 9 its nev] hav+ be5 p]=m$ be=e4 ,! same pr9ciple1 direct$ to m wor?y objects1 may influ5ce him :o seeks to be di/+ui%$ 9 "s high pursuit1 calculat$ to conf] a la/+ b5efit ^u 8 c\ntry or on human k9d4 ,v4 ,! ,desire ( ,society4 ,?is has be5 consid]$ by mo/ writ]s on ! subject z a prom95t pr9ciple ( human nature1 %ew+ itself at all p]iods ( life1 & 9 all conditions ( civilization4 ,9 p]sons %ut up f int]c\rse ) _! fell[-m51 x has manife/$ itself 9 ! close/ atta*m5t to animals2 z if ! human m9d c\ld n exi/ )\t "s object on :i* to ex]cise ! feel+s int5d$ to b9d man to 8 fell[s4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! union ( m5 9 civil society & social int]c\rse1--9 ! ties ( fri5d%ip1 & ! /ill clos] union ( ! dome/ic circle4 ,x is necess>y = ! ex]cise ( all ! affections2 & ev5 our weaknesses require ! pres5ce ( o!r m54 ,!re w\ld be no enjoym5t ( rank or weal?1 if !re 7 none to admire2--& ev5 ! misan?rope requires ! pres5ce ( ano!r to :om 8 sple5 may be utt]$4 ,! abuse ( ?is pr9ciple leads to ! contract$ _s ( p>ty4 ,,vi4 ,! ,desire ( ,e/eem & ,approbation4 ,?is is a pr9ciple ( mo/ ext5sive influ5ce1 & is 9 _m in/ances ! s\rce ( wor?y & useful displays ( human "*4 ,?\gh inf]ior to ! high s5se ( moral obligation1 x may yet be consid]$ a laudable pr9ciple1--z :5 a man seeks ! approbation ( o!rs by de$s ( b5evol5ce1 public _s1 or patriotism1--by actions calculat$ to promote ! advantage or ! com=t ei!r ( communities or individuals4 ,9 ! heal?y ex]cise ( x1 a man desires ! approbation ( ! good2--9 ! di/ort$ use ( x1 he seeks m]ely ! praise ( a p>ty1 or p]haps1 by de$s ( a frivol\s or ev5 vici\s "*1 aims at ! applause ( associates ^: praise is wor?less4 ,accord+ to ! object to :i* x is direct$1 !re=e1 ! desire ( approbation may be ! attribute ei!r ( a virtu\s or a p]v]t$ m9d4 ,b x is a pr9ciple1 :i*1 9 g5]al1 we expect to f9d op]at+ 9 e well-regulat$ m9d1 "u c]ta9 re/rictions4 ,?us a man :o is totally reg>dless ( "*1--t is1 ( ! op9ion ( all o!rs respect+ 8 conduct1 we commonly consid] z a p]son lo/ to correct virtu\s feel+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 !re may be in/ances 9 :i* x is ! quality ( a man ( ! greate/ m9d to pursue "s c\rse to :i* f adequate motives1 he has devot$ himself1 reg>dless alike ( ! praise or ! disapprobation ( o!r m54 ,! "* 9 :i* ! love ( approbation is a rul+ pr9ciple is !re=e modifi$ by ! direction ( x4 ,to desire ! approbation ( ! virtu\s1 leads to conduct ( a correspond+ k9d1 & to /ead9ess & consi/5cy 9 su* conduct4 ,to seek ! approbation ( ! vici\s1 leads1 ( c\rse1 to an opposite "*4 ,b !re is a ?ird modification1 pres5t+ a subject ( "s int]e/1 9 :i* ! prevail+ pr9ciple ( ! man is a g5]al love ( approbation1 )\t any discrim9ation ( ! *>act]s ( ^? ^: praise is s\ght1 or ( ! value ( ! qualities on acc\nt ( :i* he seeks x4 ,?is is vanity2 & x produces a conduct wav]+ & inconsi/5t1--p]petually *ang+ ) ! circum/ances 9 :i* ! individual is plac$4 ,x (t5 leads him to aim at admiration = di/9ctions ( a v trivial "*1--or ev5 = qualities :i* he does n really possess4 ,x ?us includes ! love ( flatt]y4 ,pride1 on ! o!r h&1 z oppos$ to vanity1 seems to consi/ 9 a man ent]ta9+ a high op9ion ( himself1 :ile he is indiff]5t to ! op9ion ( o!rs2--?us we speak ( a man :o is too pr\d to be va94 ,our reg>d to ! op9ion ( o!rs is ! orig9 ( our respect to "*1 9 matt]s :i* d n come "u ! high] pr9ciple ( morals2 & is ( ext5sive influ5ce 9 promot+ ! h>monies1 proprieties1 & dec5cies ( society4 ,x is ?us ! f\ndation ( good bre$+1 & leads to k9dness & accommodation 9 little matt]s :i* d n belong to ! class ( duties4 ,x is also ! s\rce ( :at we usually call decorum & propriety1 :i* lead a man to conduct himself 9 a mann] becom+ 8 "* & circum/ances1 9 reg>d to ?+s :i* d n involve any high] pr9ciple4 ,=1 ap>t entirely f any consid]ation ei!r ( morality or b5evol5ce1 !re is a c]ta9 l9e ( conduct :i* is unbecom+ 9 all m52 & !re is conduct :i* is becom+ 9 "s1 ?\gh x might n 9 o!r m51--& 9 "s circum/ances1 ?\gh x might n be s 9 o!rs4 ,x is unnecess>y to add1 h[ mu* ( a man's respectability 9 life (t5 dep5ds ^u f9d+ 8 way1 ) prop] discrim9ation1 ?r\gh ! relations ( society :i* are am5able to ?is pr9ciple2 or1 by h[ _m actions1 :i* are n really wrong1 a man may r5d] himself despis$ & ridicul\s4 ,! love ( e/eem & approbation is also ( ext5sive influ5ce 9 ! "y1--bo? 9 ! conduct ( education & ! cultivation ( g5]al "*2 & x is n liable to ! objections1 =m]ly ref]r$ to1 :i* apply to ! pr9ciple ( ,emulation4 ,x leads also to ^? num]\s exp$i5ts by :i* p]sons ( v>i\s "* seek = !mselves notoriety or a "n3 or desire to leave a reputation beh9d !m1 :5 !y are no m4 ,?is is ! love ( po/hum\s fame1 a subject :i* has af=d$ an ext5sive !me bo? = ! philosoph] & ! humori/4 ,,vii4 ,! ,desire ( ,k1 or ( ,intellectual ,improvem5t1--includ+ ! pr9ciple ( ,curiosity4 ,! t5d5cy ( ?is high pr9ciple mu/ dep5d1 z 9 ! =m] cases1 on its regulation1 & ! objects to :i* x is direct$4 ,^! may v>y f ! idle tattle ( ! day1 to ! highe/ atta9m5ts 9 lit]ature or sci5ce4 ,! pr9ciple may be appli$ to pursuits ( a frivol\s or useless k9d1 & to su* acquirem5ts z lead only to p$antry or sophism2--or x may be direct$ to a desultory application1 :i* leads to a sup]ficial acqua9tance ) a v>iety ( subjects1 )\t a correct k ( any ( !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! pursuit ( k may be all[$ to int]f]e ) important duties :i* we owe to o!rs1 9 ! p>ticul> situation 9 :i* we are plac$4 ,a well-regulat$ judgm5t conducts ! prop5sity to wor?y objects2 & directs x 9 su* a mann] z to make x mo/ useful to o!rs4 ,) su* due regulation1 ! pr9ciple ought to be c>efully cultivat$ 9 ! "y4 ,x is closely connect$ ) t activity ( m9d :i* seeks = k on e subject t comes )9 its rea*1 & :i* is ev] on ! wat* to make its k m correct & m ext5sive4 ,,viii4 ,! ,desire ( ,moral ,improvem5t4 ,?is leads to ! highe/ /ate ( man3 & x be>s ?is peculi> "*1 t x is adapt$ to m5 9 e scale ( society1 & t5ds to diffuse a b5eficial influ5ce ar\nd ! circle ) :i* ! individual is connect$4 ,! desire ( p[] may exi/ 9 _m1 b its gratification is limit$ to a few3--he :o fails may become a discont5t$ misan?rope2 & he :o succe$s may be a sc\rge to 8 species4 ,! desire ( sup]iority or ( praise may be misdirect$ 9 ! same mann]1 lead+ to insol5t triumph on ! "o h&1 & envy on ! o!r4 ,ev5 ! ?ir/ = k may be abus$1 & _m are plac$ 9 circum/ances 9 :i* x _c be gratifi$4 ,b ! desire ( moral improvem5t comm5ds itself to e class ( society1 & its object is atta9able by all4 ,9 proportion to its int5sity & its /ead9ess1 x t5ds to make ! possessor bo? a happi] & a bett] man1 & to r5d] him ! in/rum5t ( diffus+ happ9ess & usefulness to all :o come )9 ! rea* ( 8 influ5ce4 ,if he be 9 a sup]ior /ation1 ^! results w be felt m ext5sively2 if he be 9 a humble sph]e1 !y may be m limit$2 b _! nature is ! same1 & _! t5d5cy is equally to elevate ! "* ( man4 ,?is m5tal condition consi/s1 z we %all aft]w>ds h occasion to %ew m p>ticul>ly1 9 a habitual recognition ( ! supreme au?ority ( consci5ce ov] ! :ole intellectual & moral sy/em1 & 9 a habitual ef=t to h e desire & e affection regulat$ by ! moral pr9ciple1 & by a s5se ( ! div9e w4 ,x leads to a uni=mity ( "* :i* c nev] fl[ f any l[] s\rce1 & to a conduct di/+ui%$ by ! anxi\s dis*>ge ( e duty1 & ! practice ( ! mo/ active b5evol5ce4 ,! ,emotions :i* h be5 n[ briefly m5tion$ seem to include ! m important ( ^? :i* p]ta9 to ! class ( ,desires4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r pr9ciple :i* ought to be m5tion$ z a lead+ peculi>ity ( human nature1 ?\gh x may be some:at difficult to det]m9e ! class to :i* x belongs4 ,?is is ! ,desire ( ,action1--! re/less activity ( m9d1 :i* leads x to require "s object on :i* its p[]s mu/ be ex]cis$1 & )\t :i* x preys ^u itself & becomes mis]able4 ,on ?is pr9ciple we are to expla9 sev]al facts :i* are ( frequ5t obs]vation4 ,a p]son accu/om$ to a life ( activity longs = ease & retirem5t1 &1 :5 he has accompli%$ 8 purpose1 f9ds himself wret*$4 ,! frivol\s engagem5ts ( ! unoccupi$ are ref]able to ! same pr9ciple4 ,!y arise1 n f any int]e/ :i* su* occupations really possess1 b simply f ! desire ( m5tal excitem5t1--! felicity ( hav+ some?+ to d4 ,! pleasure ( relaxation1 inde$1 is kn[n to ^? only :o h regul> & int]e/+ employm5t4 ,cont9u$ relaxation soon becomes a we>9ess2 &1 on ?is gr\nd1 we may safely ass]t1 t ! greate/ degree ( real enjoym5t belongs1 n to ! luxuri\s man ( weal?1 or ! li/less vot>y ( fa%ion1 b to ! middle classes ( society1 :o1 along ) ! com=ts ( life1 h con/ant & important occupation4 ,ap>t1 inde$1 f actual suff]+1 ,i believe !re is no?+ 9 ! ext]nal circum/ances ( individuals1 ( great] or m habitual importance = promot+ p]sonal happ9ess1 ?an /at$1 rational1 & int]e/+ employm5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! m5tal condition :i* we call ,desire appe>s to lie 9 a great measure at ! f\ndation ( "*2--&1 = a s\nd moral condition1 x is requir$ t ! desires be direct$ to wor?y objects1--& t ! degree or /r5g? ( !m be accommodat$ to ! true & relative value ( ea* ( ^! objects4 ,if ! desires are ?us direct$1 wor?y conduct w be likely to foll[ 9 a /eady & uni=m mann]4 ,if !y are all[$ to break f ! re/ra9ts ( reason1 & ! moral pr9ciple1 ! man is left at ! m]cy ( unhall[$ passion1 & is liable to ^? irregul>ities :i* naturally result f su* a d]angem5t ( ! moral feel+s4 ,if1 inde$1 we w\ld see ! evils produc$ by desire1 :5 n ?us controll$1 we h only to look at ! :ole hi/ory ( human k9d4 ,:at accumulat$ mis]ies arise f ! want ( due regulation ( ! animal prop5sities1 9 ! v>i\s =ms 9 :i* x degrades ! "* ( rational & moral be+s4--,:at evils spr+ f ! love ( money1 & f ! desire ( p[]2--f ! conte/s ( rivals1 & ! tumults ( p>ty1--:at envy1 hatr$1 malignity1 & rev5ge4--,:at complicat$ wret*$ness foll[s ! tra9 ( ambition1--contempt ( human suff]+1 c\ntries depopulat$1 & fields delug$ ) blood4 ,su* are ! results ( desire1 :5 n direct$ to objects wor?y ( a moral be+1 & n kept "u ! rigid control ( consci5ce1 & ! immutable laws ( moral rectitude4 ,:51 9 any ( ^! =ms1 a s5sual or selfi% prop5sity is all[$ to pass ! due b\nd>y :i* is fix$ = x by reason & ! moral pr9ciple1 ! m5tal h>mony is de/roy$1 & ev5 ! judgm5t itself comes to be impair$ & di/ort$ 9 t highe/ ( all inquiries1 ! se>* aft] moral tru?4 ,! desires1 inde$1 may exi/ 9 an ill-regulat$ /ate1 :ile ! conduct is yet re/ra9$ by v>i\s pr9ciples1 su* z submission to human laws1 a reg>d to "*1 or ev5 a c]ta9 feel+ ( :at is morally "r1 cont5d+ ) ! vitiat$ pr9ciple )94 ,b ?is _c be consid]$ z ! heal?y condition ( a moral be+4 ,x is only :5 ! desire itself is s\nd1 t we c say ! man is 9 moral heal?4 ,he :o grieves at 8 ab/95ce1 says ,ari/otle1 is a voluptu>y2--& ?is also is ! great pr9ciple s (t5 & s /rik+ly en=c$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s2 ,keep ?y he>t ) all dilig5ce1 because out ( x are ! issues ( life4 ,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t1 = !y %all see ,god4 ,?us1 !re are desires :i* are folly1 & !re are desires :i* are vice1 ev5 ?\gh !y %\ld n be foll[$ by indulg5ce2 & !re are desires :i* t5d to purify & elevate ! moral nature1 ?\gh _! objects %\ld be beyond ! rea* ( our full atta9m5t 9 ! pres5t /ate ( be+4 ,p]fect moral purity is n ! lot ( man 9 ?is transi5t /ate1 & is n to be atta9$ by 8 own unaid$ ef=ts4 ,b1 subs]vi5t to x is t w>f>e )91 t e>ne/ & habitual desire aft] ! p]fection ( a moral be+1 :i* is felt to be ! great object ( life1 :5 x is view$ 9 relation to ! life :i* is to come4 ,= ?is atta9m5t1 h[ev]1 man mu/ feel 8 total inadequacy1--& ! utmo/ ef=ts ( human reason h fail$ 9 unfold+ ! requisite aid4 ,! conviction is ?us =c$ ^u u1 t a high] influ5ce is necess>y1 & ?is influ5ce is fully disclos$ by ! light ( reveal$ tru?4 ,we are !re taught to look = a p[] f on high1 capable ( effect+ :at human ef=ts _c accompli%1--! purification ( ! he>t4 ,sect4 ,,ii4 ,! ,affections4 ,z ! desires are calculat$ to br+ "s gratification to ourselves1 ! ,affections lead u to our relations to o!r m51 & to a c]ta9 l9e ( conduct :i* arises out ( ^! relations4 ,!y are to be view$ z orig9al pr9ciples ( our nature1 plant$ 9 u = wise purposes1 & ! op]ation ( !m is to be consid]$ z di/9ct1 bo? f t ( ! moral pr9ciple & ( reason1--t is1 f any s5se ( duty or ! moral rectitude ( ! conduct to :i* !y lead1 & f any calculation ( its propriety & utility4 ,?us1 :5 ! "m devotes h] att5tion by day & night to h] infant1 if f sickness or helplessness 9 want ( h] special c>e1 & p]sev]es 9 do+ s1 ) total disreg>d to h] own ease1 heal?1 or com=t1 %e is n influ5c$ ei!r by a s5se ( duty1 or by any feel+ ( ! utility ( h] conduct3 %e acts ^u an impulse )91 :i* %e feels to be a "p ( h] con/itution1 & :i* c>ries h] =w>d 9 a p>ticul> c\rse ( anxi\s & protract$ ex]tion by ! p[] ( itself alone4 ,?is di/9ction appe>s to be ( ! utmo/ practical importance1 & we %all h occasion to ref] to x m p>ticul>ly 9 ! sequel4 ,an ,affection1 !re=e1 maybe consid]$ z an orig9al feel+ or emotion exi/+ 9 ourselves1 :i* leads u to a p>ticul> conduct t[>ds o!r m51 )\t ref]5ce to any pr9ciple except ! intuitive impulse ( ! emotion itself4 ,! ,affections h be5 divid$ into ! ,b5evol5t & ,malevol5t2 b ^! titles appe> to be incorrect1 especially ! latt]1--z ! due ex]cise ( ! emotions to :i* x ref]s does n prop]ly include :at is call$ malevol5ce4 ,!y only t5d to gu>d u aga9/ c]ta9 conduct 9 o!r m52 &1 :5 !y are all[$ to g beyond ?is1 t is1 to actual malevol5ce or rev5ge1 ! application is morbid4 ,x w !re=e accord bett] ) ! nature ( ^! emotions1 to give !m ! names ( ,unit+1 & ,def5sive ,affections2--! =m] includ+ ju/ice1 b5evol5ce1 v]acity1 fri5d%ip1 love1 gratitude1 patriotism1 & ! dome/ic affections2--! latt]1 jeal\sy1 disapprobation1 & ang]4 ,i4 ,,ju/ice4 ,!re may be "s diff]5ce ( op9ion 9 reg>d to ! propriety ( includ+ ju/ice among ! affections2 b x seems to be m ne>ly alli$ to !m ?an to any ( ! o!r classes ( moral emotions :i* h be5 m5tion$1 & x may1 !re=e1 z a m]e matt] ( arrangem5t1 be conv5i5tly introduc$ "h4 ,/rictly speak+1 x might p]haps be consid]$ z a comb9$ op]ation ( an affection & ! moral pr9ciple2 b ?is is matt] ( speculation alone4 ,! important consid]ation relat+ to x is1--t1 9 :atev] mann] x arises1 ! s5se ( ,ju/ice is a prim>y & ess5tial "p ( our moral con/itution1 convey+ ! di/9ct impression ( c]ta9 conduct :i* a man owes to 8 fell[-m51 )\t reg>d to any consid]ations ( a p]sonal nature1 & ap>t f all positive enactm5ts or laws1 ei!r div9e or human4 ,! requirem5ts ( ,ju/ice embrace c]ta9 po9ts 9 :i* e man has an absolute "r1 & 9 reg>d to :i* x is ! absolute duty ( e o!r man n to int]f]e ) him4 ,^! rights h usually be5 divid$ into ?ree classes2--:at ,i h a "r to possess1 & no man has any "r to take f me1--:at ,i h a "r to d1 & no man has any title to prev5t me f do+1--:at ,i h a "r to expect f o!r m51 & x is _! absolute duty to p]=m4 ,^! pr9ciples =m ! basis ( :at is call$ ,natural ,jurisprud5ce1 a code ( relative duty d]iv+ its au?ority f impressions :i* are f\nd 9 ! moral feel+s ( all mank9d1 )\t reg>d to ! enactm5ts ( any p>ticul> civil society4 ,9 ! actual arrangem5ts ( civil communities1 ^! great pr9ciples ( ju/ice are comb9$ ) o!rs :i* are d]iv$ m]ely f utility or exp$i5cy1 z calculat$ to promote ! peace or ! advantage ( ! community4 ,^! may diff] 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 & !y cease to be b9d+ :5 ! enactm5ts on :i* !y re/ are abrogat$ or *ang$4 ,b no diff]5ce ( place c alt]1 & no laws c de/roy1 ! ess5tial requirem5ts ( ju/ice4 ,9 ^! obs]vations1 x w be rem>k$1 ! ^w ,ju/ice is us$ z express+ a pr9ciple ( individual "*2 & x is 9 ?is s5se t x is to be prop]ly class$ ) ! affections4 ,! t]m is employ$ 9 ano!r s5se1 namely1 t ( di/ributive & corrective ju/ice1 :i* regulates ! claims ( individuals 9 a community1 requires re/itution or comp5sation = any deviation f su* claims1 or puni%es ^? :o h violat$ !m4 ,x is 9 ! =m] s5se t ju/ice is prop]ly to be consid]$ z a bran* ( ! philosophy ( ! moral feel+s2 b ! same g5]al pr9ciples apply to bo?4 ,! s5se ( ,ju/ice1 !re=e1 consi/s 9 a feel+ exp]i5c$ by e man1 ( a c]ta9 l9e ( conduct :i* he owes to o!r m5 9 giv5 circum/ances2 & ?is seems to be ref]able to ! foll[+ heads1--att5d+ to _! int]e/1--n int]f]+ ) _! fre$om ( action1--pres]v+ _! reputation1--e/imat+ _! "* & motives1--judg+ ( _! op9ions1--consult+ _! feel+s1--& pres]v+ or improv+ _! moral condition4 ,z a guide = 8 conduct 9 p>ticul> in/ances1 a man has usually a di/9ct impression ( :at he ?9ks due by o!r m5 t[>ds himself2 ju/ice requires t he rigidly ext5d to o!rs ! same feel+s & conduct :i*1 9 simil> circum/ances1 he expects f !m4 7#a47 ,ju/ice is due to ! p]sons1 prop]ty1 & int]e/ ( o!rs4 ,?is con/itutes ,integrity or ,hone/y4 ,x1 ( c\rse1 implies ab/a9+ f e k9d ( injury1 & pres]v+ a consci5ti\s reg>d to _! rights4 ,9 ?is la/ respect1 x all[s u to ex]cise a prud5t att5tion to our own int]e/1 provid$ ! means be fair & hon\rable1 & t we c>efully ab/a9 f injur+ o!rs by ! measures we employ = ?is purpose4 ,! great rule = our guidance1 9 all su* cases1 is f\nd 9 ! immutable pr9ciples ( moral rectitude2 ! te/ ( our conduct 9 reg>d to individual in/ances is1 t x be su* z1 7 our own int]e/ conc]n$1 we %\ld ?9k fair & hon\rable 9 o!r m54 7#b47 ,ju/ice requires u n to int]f]e ) ! fre$om ( action ( o!rs4 ,?is con/itutes p]sonal lib]ty2--b 9 all civil communities ! "r is liable to c]ta9 re/rictions2--z :5 a man uses 8 fre$om ( action to ! dang] or injury ( o!r m54 ,! pr9ciples ( ju/ice may also recognise a man's surr5d]+1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 8 p]sonal lib]ty1 by mutual & volunt>y compact1 z 9 ! case ( s]vants1 appr5tices1 soldi]s1 c42 b !y are oppos$ to slav]y1 9 :i* ! individual conc]n$ is n a p>ty to ! arrangem5t4 7#c47 ,ju/ice enjo9s a reg>d to ! reputation ( o!rs4 ,?is consi/s 9 avoid+ e ?+ t c\ld be injuri\s to _! good "n1 ei!r by direct evil speak+1 or su* ins9uations z might give rise to suspicion or prejudice aga9/ !m4 ,x mu/ ext5d also to ! c\nt]act+ ( su* ins9uations1 :5 we he> !m made by o!rs1 especially 9 circum/ances 9 :i* ! individual injur$ has no opportunity ( def5d+ himself4 ,x includes1 f>!r1 t we d n d5y to o!rs1 ev5 to rivals1 any praise or cr$it :i* is ju/ly due to !m4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o modification1 equally consi/5t ) ju/ice1 to :i* ! =m] ( ^! rules is liable2 namely1 t1 9 c]ta9 cases1 we may be requir$ to make a /atem5t prejudicial to an individual1 :5 duty to a ?ird p>ty or to ! public makes x incumb5t on u to d s4 ,9 su* a case1 a p]son guid$ by ! rules ( ju/ice w g no f>!r ?an is actually requir$ by ! circum/ances2 & w at all times bew>e ( propagat+ a report injuri\s to ano!r1 ?\gh he %\ld "k x to be /rictly true1 unless he is call$ ^u by special duty to communicate x4 7#d47 ,ju/ice requires u n only to avoid injur+ an individual 9 ! e/imation ( o!r m51 b to ex]cise ! same fairness 9 =m+ our own op9ion ( 8 "*1 )\t be+ misl$ or bias$ by passion or prejudice4 ,?is consi/s 9 e/imat+ 8 conduct & motives ) calmness & imp>tiality2 9 reg>d to p>ticul> in/ances1 mak+ full all[ance = ! circum/ances 9 :i* he 0 plac$1 & ! feel+s by :i* he 01 or might be1 at ! "t1 naturally influ5c$4 ,:5 an action admits ( be+ ref]r$ to diff]5t motives1 ju/ice consi/s 9 tak+ ! m fav\rable view1 if we c d s ) /rict reg>d to tru?1 in/ead ( h>%ly & ha/ily assign+ a motive :i* is unwor?y4 ,su* ju/ice 9 reg>d to "* & motives we require to ex]cise ) peculi> c>e1 :5 ! conduct ref]r$ to has be5 9 any way oppos$ to our own self-love4 ,9 ^! cases we mu/ be especially on our gu>d aga9/ ! influ5ce ( ! selfi% pr9ciple1 :i* might lead to p>tial & di/ort$ views ( actions & motives1 less fav\rable to o!rs1 & m fav\rable to ourselves1 ?an ju/ice w>rants4 ,:5 view$ 9 ?is mann]1 we may (t5 p]ceive1 t conduct1 :i* gave rise to emotions ( displeasure z injuri\s to u1 0 fully w>rant$ by "s conduct on our own "p1 or 0 requir$ by "s high] duty :i* ! individual ow$ to ano!r4 7#e47 ,ju/ice is to be ex]cis$ 9 judg+ ( ! op9ions & /atem5ts ( o!rs4 ,?is con/itutes ,c&\r4 ,x consi/s 9 giv+ a fair & delib]ate he>+ to op9ions1 /atem5ts1 & argum5ts1 & weigh+ fairly & hone/ly _! t5d5cy4 ,x is1 !re=e1 oppos$ to prejudice1 bl9d atta*m5t to preconceiv$ op9ions1 & t n>r[ disputati\s _s :i* delights 9 capti\s criticism1 & w he> no?+ ) calmness t is oppos$ to its own views2 :i* di/orts or misrepres5ts ! s5tim5ts ( its oppon5ts1 ascrib+ !m to unwor?y motives1 or d$uc+ f !m conclusions :i* !y d n w>rant4 ,c&\r1 accord+ly1 may be consid]$ z a comp\nd ( ju/ice & ! love ( tru?4 ,x leads u to give due att5tion to ! op9ions & /atem5ts ( o!rs1--9 all cases to be *iefly solicit\s to discov] tru?1 &1 9 /atem5ts ( a mix$ "*1 conta9+ p]haps mu* error & fallacy1 anxi\sly to discov] & sep>ate :at is true4 ,x has accord+ly be5 rem>k$1 t a turn = acute disputation1 & m9ute & rigid criticism1 is (t5 ! *>act]i/ic ( a contract$ & prejudic$ m9d2 & t ! mo/ enl>g$ und]/&+s are always ! mo/ indulg5t to ! /atem5ts ( o!rs1--_! lead+ object be+ to discov] tru?4 7#f47 ,ju/ice is due to ! feel+s ( o!rs2 & ?is applies to _m circum/ances :i* d n affect ei!r _! int]e/ or _! reputation4 ,)\t injur+ !m 9 any ( ^! respects1 or 9 our own good op9ion1 we may behave to !m 9 su* a mann] z to w\nd _! feel+s4 ,!re are m9ds ( an extreme delicacy1 :i*1 9 ?is respect1 are peculi>ly s5sitive2--t[>ds ^! a p]son ( correct feel+s /rives to conduct himself ) suitable t5d]ness4 ,we may f9d1 h[ev]1 p]sons ( hone/ & upright m9ds1 :o w\ld %r9k f ! lea/ approa* to real injury1 b yet neglect ! necess>y att5tion to ! feel+s2 & may ev5 conf] a real b5efit 9 su* a mann] z to w\nd ! individual to :om !y int5d$ k9dness4 ,! l[] degrees ( ?is pr9ciple p]ta9 to :at is call$ m]e good bre$+1 :i* has be5 def9$ b5evol5ce 9 trifles2 b ! high] degrees may re/ra9 f conduct :i*1 )\t any real injury1 inflicts p]man5t pa94 ,to ?is head we may p]haps also ref] a due reg>d to ! e/imate :i* we lead a man to =m ( himself4 ,?is is oppos$ to flatt]y on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r to any unnecess>y depreciation ( 8 "*4 ,flatt]y inde$ is also to be consid]$ z a violation ( v]acity4 7#g47 ,:ile1 ^u ! pr9ciples :i* h be5 ref]r$ to1 we ab/a9 f injur+ ! int]e/s1 ! reputation1 or ! feel+s ( o!rs1 !re is ano!r class ( injuries1 ( /ill high] magnitude1 :i* ! consci5ti\s m9d w avoid ) peculi> anxiety1 namely1 injuries done to ! moral pr9ciples ( o!r m54 ,^! =m a class ( (f5ces ( :i* no human law takes any adequate cognizance1 b we "k t !y possess a "* ( ! deepe/ malignity4 ,deep guilt atta*es to ! man :o1 by p]suasion or ridicule1 has unh+$ ! moral feel+s ( ano!r1 or has be5 ! means ( lead+ him a/ray f ! pa?s ( virtue4 ,( equal1 or ev5 great] malignity1 is ! aspect ( ! writ]1 ^: works h contribut$ to violate ! pr9ciples ( tru? & rectitude1--to pollute ! imag9ation1 or corrupt ! he>t4 ,inf]ior (f5d]s are promptly seiz$ by public au?ority1 & suff] ! aw>d ( public ju/ice2 b ! de/roy] ( ! moral be+ (t5 walks securely ?r\gh 8 own sc5e ( moral discipl9e1 z if no p[] c\ld rea* ! measure ( 8 guilt b ! h& ( ! ,et]nal4 ,to ! same head we are to assign ! ext5sive & important influ5ce ( example4 ,!re are few m5 :o h n 9 ?is respect "s p[]1 b x belongs m p>ticul>ly to p]sons 9 situations ( rank & public em95ce4 ,x is matt] ( deep regret1 bo? to ! fri5d ( virtue & ! fri5d ( 8 c\ntry1 :5 any ( ^! are f\nd manife/+ disreg>d to sacr$ ?+s1 or giv+ an air ( fa%ion to :at is calculat$ to corrupt ! moral pr9ciples ( ! un?9k+ classes ( society4 ,if !y are re/ra9$ by no high] motive1 ! feel+s ( patriotism1 & ev5 ( p]sonal safety1 ought to produce a solemn caution2 & x becomes !m s]i\sly to consid]1 :e!r !y may n ?us be s[+ among ! ignorant multitude ! se$s ( tumult1 revolution1 & an>*y4 ,,ii4 ,,compassion ,,& ,,b5evol5ce4 ,great div]sity exi/s 9 ! condition ( diff]5t individuals 9 ! pres5t /ate1--"s be+ 9 circum/ances ( ease1 weal?1 & com=t1--o!rs ( pa91 deprivation1 & sorr[4 ,su* div]sities we mu/ consid] z an arrangem5t e/abli%$ by ! great ,dispos] ( all ?+s1 & calculat$ to promote important purposes 9 8 moral gov]nm5t4 ,_m ( ^! purposes are entirely beyond ! rea* ( our faculties2 b1 z hold+ a prom95t place among !m1 we may safely reckon ! cultivation ( our moral feel+s1 especially ! affections ( compassion & b5evol5ce4 ,! due ex]cise ( ^! is1 !re=e1 calculat$ to promote a d\ble object1 namely1 ! alleviation ( di/ress 9 o!rs1--& ! cultivation 9 ourselves ( a m5tal condition peculi>ly adapt$ to a /ate ( moral discipl9e4 ,by br++ u into contact ) individuals 9 v>i\s =ms & degrees ( suff]+1 !y t5d cont9ually to rem9d u1 t ! pres5t sc5e is b ! infancy ( our exi/5ce1--t ! be+s :om we ?us contemplate are ! *ildr5 ( ! same ,almighty ,fa!r ) ourselves1 inh]it+ ! same nature1 possess$ ( ! same feel+s1 & soon to ent] ^u ano!r /ate ( exi/5ce1 :5 all ! di/9ctions :i* are to be f\nd 9 ?is _w %all cease = ev]4 ,!y t5d ?us to )draw u f ! p[] ( self-love1 & ! delud+ influ5ce ( pres5t ?+s2 & habitually to raise our views to t future life1 = :i* ! pres5t is int5d$ to prep>e u4 ,! due cultivation ( ! b5evol5t affections1 !re=e1 is n prop]ly to be consid]$ z ! object ( moral approbation1 b r z a process ( moral culture4 ,!y may enable u 9 "s degree to b5efit o!rs1 b _! *ief b5efit is to ourselves4 ,by neglect+ !m1 we bo? incur mu* guilt1 & deprive ourselves ( an important mean ( improvem5t4 ,! dilig5t ex]cise ( !m1 besides be+ a s\rce ( moral advantage1 is accompani$ ) a degree ( m5tal enjoym5t :i* c>ries ) x its own rew>d4 ,su* appe>s to be ! correct view :i* we ought to take ( ! arrangem5t e/abli%$ by ! ,creator 9 ?is "p ( our con/itution4 ,x is calculat$ to correct a misconception ( an important k9d1 :i* consid]s ! ex]cise ( ! b5evol5t affections z possess+ a "* ( m]it4 ,to ?is subject we %all h occasion to ref] m p>ticul>ly 9 ! sequel4 ,! ex]cise ( ! b5evol5t affections may be briefly treat$ (1 "u ne>ly ! same heads z ^? ref]r$ to :5 consid]+ ! pr9ciple ( ,ju/ice2--keep+ 9 m9d t !y lead to great] ex]tion = ! b5efit ( o!rs1 & ?us (t5 dem& a great] sacrifice ( self love1 ?an is includ$ "u ! m]e requirem5ts ( ju/ice4 ,on ! o!r h&1 b5evol5ce is n to be ex]cis$ at ! exp5se ( ,ju/ice2 z w\ld be ! case1 if a man 7 f\nd reliev+ di/ress by su* exp$i5ts z involve ! necessity ( )hold+ ! paym5t ( j debts1 or imply ! neglect or infr+em5t ( "s duty :i* he owes to ano!r4 7#a47 ,compassion & b5evol5t ex]tion are due t[>ds alleviat+ ! di/resses ( o!rs4 ,?is ex]cise ( !m1 9 _m in/ances1 calls = a decid$ sacrifice ( p]sonal int]e/1 &1 9 o!rs1 = consid]able p]sonal ex]tion4 ,we feel our way to ! prop] measure ( ^! sacrifices1 by ! high pr9ciple ( moral duty1 along ) t m5tal ex]cise :i* places u 9 ! situation ( o!rs1 &1 by a k9d ( reflect$ self-love1 judges ( ! conduct due by u to !m 9 our respective circum/ances4--,! details ( ?is subject w\ld lead u into a field too ext5sive = our pres5t purpose4 ,pecuni>y aid1 by ^? :o h ! means1 is ! mo/ easy =m 9 :i* b5evol5ce c be gratifi$1 & t :i* (t5 requires ! lea/1 if any1 sacrifice ( p]sonal com=t or self-love4 ,! same affection maybe ex]cis$ 9 a degree mu* high] 9 itself1 & (t5 mu* m useful to o!rs1 by p]sonal ex]tion & p]sonal k9dness4 ,! =m]1 comp>$ ) ! means ( ! individual1 may pres5t a m]e mock]y ( m]cy2 :ile ! latt]1 ev5 9 ! l[e/ walks ( life1 (t5 exhibit ! brighte/ displays ( active usefulness t c adorn ! human "*4 ,?is high & pure b5evol5ce n only is disp5s$ ) will+ness1 :5 occasions pres5t !mselves2 b seeks out opportunities = itself1 & feels 9 want ( its natural & heal?y ex]cise :5 depriv$ ( an object on :i* x may be be/[$4 7#b47 ,b5evol5ce is to be ex]cis$ t[>ds ! reputation ( o!rs4 ,?is consi/s n only 9 avoid+ any injury to _! *>act]s1 b 9 ex]tions to protect !m aga9/ ! inju/ice ( o!rs1--to correct misrepres5tations1--to *eck ! c\rse ( sl&]1 & to obviate ! ef=ts ( ^? :o w\ld poison ! confid5ce ( fri5ds1 or di/urb ! h>mony ( society4 7#c47 ,b5evol5ce is to be ex]cis$ t[>ds ! "* & conduct ( o!rs2 especially :5 ^! h be5 9 opposition to our p]sonal int]e/ or self-love4 ,?is consi/s 9 view+ _! conduct ) indulg5ce & =be>ance1 assign+ ! mo/ fav\rable motives1--& mak+ e all[ance = _! feel+s1 & ! circum/ances 9 :i* !y 7 plac$4 ,x leads u also to avoid all suspicions & jeal\sies :i* are n cle>ly ju/ifi$ by fact2 & to ab/a9 to ! utmo/ f tak+ (f5ce1--by putt+ ^u ! conduct ( o!rs ! be/ con/ruction ( :i* x w possibly admit4 ,x ext5ds /ill f>!r to ! actual =giv5ess ( injuries1 & ! repay+ ( evil ) good1--a conduct repres5t$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s z "o ( ! highe/ atta9m5ts ! human "* c rea*1 9 s f> z reg>ds its relation to o!r m54 7#d47 ,b5evol5ce is to be ex]cis$ t[>ds ! feel+s ( o!rs2 & ?is applies to _m situations 9 :i* nei!r _! int]e/ nor _! "* is conc]n$4 ,x includes ^? ex]cises ( ! k9dly affections :i* produce s p[]ful an influ5ce 9 all ! relations ( life1 b :i* x is impossible = any description to del9eate4 ,x compreh5ds all our social & civil connexions1 b seems peculi>ly to belong to our int]c\rse ) inf]iors & dep5d5ts4 ,its mo/ anxi\s ex]cise may (t5 relate m]ely to trifles1 b x ext5ds to innum]able circum/ances 9 :i* we may surr5d] our own feel+s to ^? ( o!rs1 & our own conv5i5ce or gratification to !irs4 ,x implies solicitude to avoid w\nd+ ! feel+s by pride1 selfi%ness1 or fretfulness1--by suspicions1 imputations1 & jeal\sies1--or by all[+ insignificant ?+s to ruffle ! temp] & d]ange ! social com=t4 ,_m1 :o are n defici5t 9 :at we usually call de$s ( b5evol5ce1 are too apt to =get1 t a mo/ important ex]cise ( true b5evol5ce consi/s 9 ! habitual cultivation ( c\rtesy1 g5tl5ess1 & k9dness2 & t on ^! dispositions (t5 dep5ds our influ5ce ^u ! com=t & happ9ess ( o!rs1 9 a great] degree ?an on any de$s ( actual b5efic5ce4--,to ?is dep>tm5t1 also1 we may ref] ! high "* ( ! peace-mak]1 ^: delight x is to allay angry feel+s1 ev5 :5 he is 9 no degree p]sonally int]e/$1 & to br+ toge!r z fri5ds & bre?r51 ^? :o h assum$ ! attitude ( hatr$ & rev5ge4 7#e47 ,b5evol5ce is to be ex]cis$ 9 reg>d to ! moral degradation ( o!rs1 includ+ _! ignorance & vice4 ,?is prev5ts u f d]iv+ satisfaction f moral evil1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld contribute to our advantage1 z might (t5 happ5 f ! misconduct ( rivals or enemies4 ,x implies also t highe/ species ( usefulness :i* aims at rais+ ! moral condition ( man1--by in/ruct+ ! ignorant1 rescu+ ! unw>y1 & reclaim+ ! vici\s4 ,?is exalt$ b5evol5ce w !re=e also seek to ext5d ! light ( div9e tru? to nations t sit 9 moral d>kness2 & looks anxi\sly = ! p]iod :5 ! k ( ,*ri/ianity %all dispel e false fai?1 & put an end to ! horrors ( sup]/ition4 ,,iii4 ,v]acity4 ,9 our m5tal impressions relat+ to v]acity1 we h a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! mann] 9 :i* we rely on ?is class ( moral feel+s1 z in/9ctive 9 ! con/itution ( ! m9d4 ,on a c]ta9 confid5ce 9 ! v]acity ( mank9d is f\nd$ s mu* ( ! k on :i* we con/antly dep5d1 t1 )\t x1 ! :ole sy/em ( human ?+s w\ld g into confusion4 ,x relates to all ! intellig5ce :i* we d]ive f any o!r s\rce ?an our own p]sonal obs]vation3--= example1 to all t we receive ?r\gh ! hi/orian1 ! travell]1 ! naturali/1 or ! a/ronom]4 ,ev5 9 reg>d to ! mo/ common ev5ts ( a s+le day1 we (t5 proce$ on a confid5ce 9 ! v]acity ( a great v>iety ( individuals4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a natural t5d5cy to tru? 9 all m51 unless :]e ?is pr9ciple is ov]come by "s /rong selfi% purpose to be answ]$ by dep>t+ f x3--& !re is an equally /rong t5d5cy to rely on ! v]acity ( o!rs1 until we h le>nt c]ta9 cautions by our actual exp]i5ce ( mank9d4 ,h5ce *ildr5 & inexp]i5c$ p]sons are easily impos$ ^u by unf\nd$ /atem5ts3--& ! mo/ practis$ li> confides 9 ! cr$ulity ( ^? :om he attempts to deceive4 ,deception1 inde$1 w\ld nev] accompli% its purpose1 if x 7 n f ! impression t m5 g5]ally speak tru?4 ,x is obvi\s also1 t ! mutual confid5ce :i* m5 h 9 ea* o!r1 bo? 9 reg>d to v]acity ( /atem5t1 & to s9c]ity ( int5tion respect+ engagem5ts1 is t :i* keeps toge!r ! :ole ( civil society4 ,9 ! transactions ( comm]ce x is indisp5sable1 & )\t x all ! relations ( civil life w\ld g into disord]4 ,:5 treat+ ( ! intellectual p[]s 9 ano!r "w1 ,i consid]$ ! pr9ciples :i* regulate our confid5ce 9 human te/imony2 & x is unnecess>y to recur to !m 9 ?is place4 ,our pres5t object is briefly to analyze ! elem5ts :i* are ess5tial to v]acity1 :5 we view x z a moral emotion1 or a bran* ( individual "*4 ,^! appe> to be ?ree1--correctness 9 asc]ta9+ facts1--accuracy 9 relat+ !m1--& tru? ( purpose1 or fidelity 9 ! fulfilm5t ( promises4 7#a47 ,an important elem5t ( v]acity is correctness 9 asc]ta9+ facts4 ,?is is ess5tial to ! ,love ( ,tru?4 ,x requires u to ex]cise ! mo/ anxi\s c>e respect+ e /atem5t :i* we receive z true2 & n to receive x z su*1 until we are satisfi$ t ! au?ority on :i* x is ass]t$ is ( a nature on :i* we c fully rely1 & t ! /atem5t conta9s all ! facts to :i* our att5tion ought to be direct$4 ,x consequ5tly gu>ds u aga9/ ^? limit$ views1 by :i* p>ty _s or a love ( fav\rite dogmas leads a man to receive ! facts :i* fav\r a p>ticul> op9ion1 & neglect ^? :i* are oppos$ to x4 ,! s\nd ex]cise ( judgm5t1 :i* is connect$ ) ?is love ( tru?1 diff]s !re=e f ! art ( +5i\s disputation1 & is (t5 f\nd directly at v>iance ) x4 ,! same pr9ciple is applicable to ! tru?s :i* are d]iv$ z d$uctions f processes ( reason+4 ,x is ?us oppos$ to all sophi/ical argum5ts1 & p>tial or di/ort$ reason+s1 by :i* disputants /rive to e/abli% p>ticul> sy/ems1 in/ead ( engag+ 9 an hone/ & simple inquiry aft] tru?4 ,! love ( tru?1 !re=e1 is ( equal importance 9 ! reception ( facts1 & 9 ! =mation ( op9ions2 & x includes also a read9ess to rel9qui% our own op9ions1 :5 new facts or argum5ts are pres5t$ to u :i* are calculat$ to ov]turn !m4 ,! practice ( ?is s9c]e & c&id se>* aft] tru?1 on e subject to :i* ! m9d may be direct$1 ought to be cultivat$ 9 e>ly life ) ! mo/ assidu\s c>e4 ,x is a habit ( ! m9d :i* mu/ ex]cise a mo/ important influ5ce 9 ! culture bo? ( moral & intellectual "*4 ,9 ! reception ( tru?1 especially on ! evid5ce ( te/imony1 we acquire by exp]i5ce a degree ( caution1 aris+ f hav+ be5 sometimes deceiv$4 ,9 m9ds ( a c]ta9 description1 ?is may be all[$ to produce a suspicion ) reg>d to all evid5ce1--9 o!r words1 ,scepticism4 ,! want ( ! necess>y & prop] caution1 aga91 leads to ,cr$ulity4 ,x is ! "p ( a well-regulat$ m9d to avoid bo? ^! extremes1 by att5tively weigh+ ! evid5ce & ! "* ( ! witnesses1 & giv+ to ea* circum/ance its due influ5ce 9 ! conclusion4 7#b47 ,closely connect$ ) ! love ( tru? 9 receiv+1 is ! ex]cise ( v]acity 9 ! /atem5t ( facts1 :e!r d]iv$ f our p]sonal obs]vation or receiv$ by te/imony f o!rs4 ,x consi/s n only 9 ! mo/ scrupul\s accuracy ( relation1 b also 9 giv+ x 9 su* a mann] z to convey a correct impression to ! he>]4 ,x is consequ5tly oppos$ to all ^? me?ods by :i* ei!r a false /atem5t may be made to assume ! appe>ance ( tru?1 or "o ess5tially true may be s relat$ z to convey a false impression4 ,direct fallacy may consi/ 9 ! alleg$ facts be+ absolutely false1 or 9 "s ( !m be+ s1--9 facts be+ want+ or kept out ( view :i* w\ld give a diff]5t import to ! :ole /atem5t1--or 9 "s ( ! facts be+ disguis$1 di/ort$1 or col\r$1 s z to alt] mat]ially ! impression convey$ by !m4 ,b1 besides su* actual fallacy1 !re are v>i\s me?ods by :i* a /atem5t lit]ally true may be s relat$ z to convey an errone\s impression4 ,facts may be connect$ toge!r 9 su* a mann] z to give ! appe>ance ( a relation ( cause & effect1 :5 !y are 9 tru? entirely unconnect$2--or an ev5t may be repres5t$ z common :i* has occurr$ only 9 "o or two in/ances4 ,! "* ( an individual may be assum$ f a s+le act1 :i*1 if ! tru? 7 kn[n1 might be se5 to be oppos$ to 8 real disposition1 & acc\nt$ = by ! circum/ances 9 :i* he happ5$ at ! "t to be plac$4 ,ev5ts may be connect$ toge!r1 :i* 7 entirely disjo9$1 & conclusions d$uc$ f ?is fictiti\s connexion1 :i* are ( c\rse unf\nd$4 ,sev]al ( ^! s\rces ( fallacy may be illu/rat$ by a ludicr\s example4 ,a travell] f ! cont95t has repres5t$ ! v5ality ( ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,commons to be su*1 t1 :5ev] ! m9i/] ( ! ,cr[n ent]s ! h\se1 !re is a g5]al cry = places4 ,x may be true t a cry ( places has gone r\nd ! h\se at c]ta9 times1 :5 bus9ess 0 ab\t to comm5ce1 or to be resum$ aft] an int]val1--mean+1 ( c\rse1 t memb]s 7 to take _! seats4 ,x is v probable1 t1 on "s occasion1 ?is may h occurr$ at ! mom5t :5 ! m9i/] ent]$1--s t ! /atem5t ( ! travell] might1 9 po9t ( fact1 be /rictly true4 ,! errone\s impression :i* he endeav\rs to convey by x1 arises f ?ree s\rces ( fallacy1 :i* ! anecdote w s]ve to illu/rate1 namely1--! false mean+ he gives to ! ^w employ$1--connect+ x ) ! entrance ( ! m9i/] z cause & effect1--& repres5t+ ! connexion z uni=m :i* happ5$ to occur 9 t p>ticul> in/ance4 ,9 ! same mann] x w appe>1 t a false impression may be convey$ respect+ ! conduct ( an individual1--by assign+ motives :i* are entirely imag9>y1--by connect+ ?+s toge!r :i* h no relation1--by keep+ out ( view circum/ances :i* w\ld af=d an explanation or palliation ( 8 conduct1--or by atta*+ to 8 words a diff]5t mean+ f t :i* he int5d$ to convey by !m4 ,! common say+1 t !re are two ways ( tell+ a /ory1 does n !re=e ref] to :at is /rictly to be call$ fabrication or falsehood2 b to ^? di/ortions or col\r+s ( circum/ances1 :i*1 h[ev] slight 9 !mselves1 h ! effect ( ess5tially *ang+ ! impression made by ! :ole4 ,to v]acity1 "u ?is dep>tm5t1 we are also to ref] ! rule1--( giv+ to o!rs an hone/ & fair impression ( our views1 motives1 & int5tions4 ,?is is ,s9c]ity4 ,x is oppos$ to hypocrisy1 t unwor?y display ( human "*1 9 :i* a man disguises 8 real s5tim5ts1 &1 on ! contr>y1 pr(esses pr9ciples :i* he nei!r feels nor values1 m]ely = ! purpose ( promot+ 8 selfi% int]e/s4 ,su* a "* exhibits a s+ul> comb9ation ( moral del9qu5cies4 ,x is f\nd$ on ! l[e/ selfi%ness1 & includes a dep>ture f v]acity & hone/y4 ,b besides1 x implies a k ( virtu\s pr9ciples1 & ( _! prop] t5d5cies1 :ile !re is a practical d5ial ( _! influ5ce4 ,s9c]ity is also oppos$ to flatt]y1 :i* t5ds to give a man a false impression ( our op9ion1 & ( our feel+s t[>ds him1 & likewise leads him to =m a false e/imate ( 8 own "*4 ,x is oppos$ also to simulation or d\ble deal+1 by :i* a man1 = c]ta9 purposes pr(esses s5tim5ts t[>ds ano!r :i* he does n feel1 or int5tions :i* he does n ent]ta94 7#c47 ,! ?ird elem5t ( v]acity is ,tru? ( ,purpose1 or fidelity 9 ! fulfilm5t ( promises4 ,?is is oppos$ to actual dep>ture f :at 0 di/9ctly promis$2 likewise to all ^? evasions by :i* "o may convey an impression1 or excite ! hope ( an int5tion :i* he does n mean to fulfil1--or avoid ! p]=mance ( a real or impli$ engagem5t on any o!r gr\nd ?an inability to p]=m x4 ,by ?is /raight-=w>d integrity ( purpose1 an individual gives a cle> impression ( :at he hone/ly int5ds to p]=m2 & p]=ms x1 ?\gh circum/ances may h occurr$ to make ! fulfilm5t disagreeable or ev5 injuri\s to himself3--he swe>e? to 8 own hurt1 says a sacr$ writ]1 & *ange? n4 ,,iv4 ,,fri5d%ip1 ,,love1 ,,& ,,gratitude4 ,^! affections are s ne>ly alli$1 t1 9 ?is slight analysis1 !y may be tak5 toge!r4 ,!y consi/ 9 a p]sonal & peculi> atta*m5t to an individual1 f\nd$ ei!r ^u "s qualities 9 himself1 or "s b5efits he has conf]r$ on u1 or on "s "o 9 :om we are int]e/$4 ,! feel+s & conduct to :i* !y give rise correspond ) ^? ref]r$ to "u ! prec$+ affections1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t1 9 _m in/ances1 !y lead to a mu* great] sacrifice ( p]sonal int]e/ & com=t1 ?an usually proce$s ei!r f ju/ice or simple b5evol5ce4 ,! ex]tions aris+ out ( !m are direct$1 accord+ to ! division =m]ly giv51 to promot+ ! int]e/ or com=t ( ! object ( our reg>d1--pres]v+1 def5d+1 or advanc+ 8 reputation1--treat+ 8 feel+s ) peculi> t5d]ness1--& 8 fail+s ) peculi> indulg5ce1--receiv+ 8 op9ions ) peculi> fav\r1--& anxi\sly endeav\r+ to improve 8 intellectual & moral condition4 ,?is la/ consid]ation is ju/ly reckon$ ! highe/ (fice ( fri5d%ip2--x is to be regrett$ t its op]ation is sometimes imp$$ by ano!r feel+1 :i* leads u to be bl9d to ! fail+s & defici5cies ( ^? :om we love4--,9 ex]cis+ simple love & fri5d%ip1 we rejoice 9 ! advantage & happ9ess ( ! object1 ?\gh !y %\ld be accompli%$ by o!rs1--b1 9 ex]cis+ gratitude1 we are n satisfi$ unless !y be effect$ 9 "s measure by ourselves4 ,v4 ,,patriotism4 ,patriotism is1 p]haps1 n prop]ly to be consid]$ z a di/9ct pr9ciple ( our nature2 b r z a result ( a comb9ation ( ! o!r affections4 ,x leads u1 by e means 9 our p[]1 to promote ! peace & ! prosp]ity ( our c\ntry1--& to disc\rage1 to ! utmo/ ( our ability1 :atev] t5ds to ! contr>y4 ,e memb] ( ! community has some?+ 9 8 p[] 9 ?is respect4 ,he may set an example1 9 8 own p]son1 ( dutiful & loyal respect to ! fir/ au?ority1 ( /rict ob$i5ce to ! laws1 & respectful submission to ! in/itutions ( 8 c\ntry4 ,he may oppose ! attempts ( facti\s individuals to s[ among ! ignorant ! se$s ( discont5t1 tumult1 or discord4 ,he may oppose & repress attempts to injure ! rev5ue ( ! /ate2 may aid 9 ! pres]vation ( public tranquillity1 & 9 ! execution ( public ju/ice4 ,f9ally1 he may zeal\sly ex]t himself 9 increas+ ! k & improv+ ! moral habits ( ! p1--two ( ! mo/ important means by :i* ! consci5ti\s man1 9 any rank ( life1 may aid 9 conf]r+ a high & p]man5t b5efit on 8 c\ntry4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,affections4 ,9 ?is ext5sive & int]e/+ class are includ$1 conjugal affection1--! p>5tal feel+s1--filial rev]5ce1--& ! ties ( bro!rs & si/]s4--,^! call =?1 9 a /ill high] degree1 ! feel+s & ex]tions already ref]r$ to1 & a /ill great] sacrifice ( p]sonal ease1 advantage1 & com=t1 9 ! anxi\s & dilig5t dis*>ge ( ! duties result+ f !m4 ,9 ! conjugal relation1 !y lead u to ! t5d]ness1 ! confid5ce1 ! mutual =be>ance1 ! unit$ ex]tions ( ^?1 :o h "o hope1 "o int]e/1 & "o c\rse ( duty4 ,! p>5tal relation implies ! highe/ possible degree ( t feel+ :i* /udies ! advantage ( ! object ( our c>e1--! promotion ( 8 happ9ess1--! improvem5t ( 8 m9d1--! culture ( 8 affections1--! =mation ( 8 habits2 ! anxi\s wat*+ ov] ! developm5t ( 8 "*1 bo? z an intellectual & a moral be+4 ,! filial relation requires1 9 an equal degree1 respect1 affection1 submission1 & confid5ce1--a def]5ce to p>5tal op9ion & control2 & an impression t ^? p>ts ( p>5tal managem5t1 :i* may (t5 be disagreeable1 are guid$ by a s9c]e desire to promote ! highe/ int]e/s ( ! object ( ?is affectionate reg>d4 ,among ! feel+s ( our nature :i* h less ( e>? 9 !m ?an heav51 are ^? :i* b9d toge!r ! dome/ic circle 9 ! v>i\s sympa?ies1 affections1 & duties1 :i* belong to ?is class ( t5d] relations4 ,x is beautiful also to obs]ve1 h[ ^! affections arise out ( ea* o!r1 & h[ ! "r ex]cise ( !m t5ds to _! mutual cultivation4--,! fa!r ought to consid] ! son z1 ( all e>?ly conc]ns1 ! highe/ object ( 8 anxi\s c>e2--& %\ld wat* ov] ! developm5t ( 8 intellectual "*1 & ! culture ( 8 moral feel+s4 ,9 ! zeal\s prosecution ( ?is great purpose1 he %\ld /udy to convey a cle> impression1 t he is influ5c$ purely by a feel+ ( solemn responsibility1 & an anxi\s desire to promote ! highe/ int]e/s4 ,:5 p>5tal wat*fulness is ?us m+l$ ) confid5ce & k9dness1 ! son w naturally le>n to e/imate alike ! conduct itself1 & ! pr9ciples f :i* x sprung1 & w look to ! fai?ful p>5t z 8 safe/ guide & c\nsellor1 & mo/ valu$ e>?ly fri5d4 ,if we ext5d ! same pr9ciples to ! relation betwe5 ! "m & ! daught]1 !y apply ) equal or ev5 great] =ce4 ,9 ! arrangem5ts ( society1 ^! are ?r[n m con/antly into ea* o!r's company2 & t wat*ful sup]9t5d5ce may be /ill m habitually ex]cis$1 :i*1 along ) ! great conc]n ( cultivat+ ! intellectual & moral be+1 neglects n ^? graces & delicacies :i* belong peculi>ly to ! female "*4 ,x is n by direct in/ruction alone1 t1 9 su* a dome/ic circle1 ! highe/ pr9ciples & be/ feel+s ( our nature are cultivat$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! "y4 ,x is by ! actual exhibition ( ! pr9ciples !mselves1 & a uni=m recognition ( _! supreme importance2--x is by a p>5tal conduct1 /eadily manife/+ ! conviction1 t1 ) e prop] att5tion to ! acquirem5ts1 ! accompli%m5ts1 & ! com=ts ( life1 ! *ief conc]n ( moral be+s relates to ! life :i* is to come4 ,a dome/ic society1 b\nd toge!r by ^! pr9ciples1 c retire1 z x 71 f ! haunts ( m51 & retreat )9 a sanctu>y :]e ! /orms ( ! _w _c ent]4--,:5 ?us met toge!r 9 ! int]*ange ( mutual affection & mutual confid5ce1 !y pres5t ! anticipation ( t p]iod1 :51 aft] ! tumults ( life are ov]1 !y %all meet aga91 no w&]] lo/1 a family 9 heav54 ,,! ,,def5sive ,,affections4 ,! feel+s ( jeal\sy1 ang]1 & res5tm5t1 are1 n less ?an ! o!r affections1 to be consid]$ z "p ( our moral con/itution2 & !y are calculat$ to answ] important purposes1 provid$ !y are kept "u ! /rict control ( reason & ! moral pr9ciple4 ,_! prop] object is prim>ily a s5se ( blameable conduct 9 o!rs2 & !y lead u to use prop] measures = protect+ ourselves aga9/ su* conduct4 ,:ile we ?us disapprove ( ! "* & conduct ( m5 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 we are l$1 by our feel+s ( ju/ice & b5evol5ce1 to take "p ) ! injur$ & oppress$ aga9/ ! oppressors1--or to protect ^? :o are ?reat5$ ) injuries1 by measures = defeat+ ! s*emes ( _! enemies4 ,a /ill m ref9$ ex]cise ( ?is class ( feel+s leads u to seek ! re=mation ( ! (f5d]1 & to conv]t him f an enemy into a fri5d4 ,res5tm5t1 9 cases :i* conc]n ! public peace1 naturally leads to ! infliction ( puni%m5t2 ! object ( :i* is to prev5t simil> conduct 9 o!rs1 n to gratify p]sonal v5geance4 ,h5ce x is requir$ to be done 9 a public mann]1--) prop] delib]ation & coolness1--& ) an exact adaptation ( ! p5alty to ! (f5ce1 & to ! object to be atta9$4 ,! p]son injur$ is n likely to d ?is ) ! requisite imp>tiality & c&\r2 = we are apt to feel too deeply injuries (f]$ to ourselves1 & n to make ! propel all[ance = ! feel+s ( o!rs1 & ! circum/ances :i* l$ to ! (f5ce4 ,! high] degrees1 inde$1 ( ^! t5d5cies usually g toge!r1--!y1 :o are mo/ susceptible ( (f5ces1 & mo/ irritable "u !m1 be+ g5]ally lea/ incl9$ to make all[ances = o!rs4 ,h5ce1 9 all cases1 our disapprobation ( p]sonal v5geance1 or ( a man tak+ ! law into 8 own h&s2 & our p]fect sympa?y ) ! protectors ( ! public peace1 :5 !y dispassionately inve/igate a case ( injury1 & calmly adapt _! measures to ! real object to be atta9$ by !m1--! protection ( ! community4 ,! def5sive affections are ex]cis$ 9 an unw>rant$ mann]1 :5 !y are all[$ to be excit$ by trifl+ causes2 :5 !y are1 9 degree1 disproportion$ to ! (f5ce1 or prolong$ 9 a mann] :i* x did n require2 & :5 !y lead1 9 any measure1 to retaliation or rev5ge4 ,! s\nd ex]cise ( !m1 !re=e1 is oppos$ to t irascibility :i* takes fire on trivial occasions1 or )\t due consid]ation ( ! int5tions ( ! ag5t1 or ! circum/ances 9 :i* he 0 plac$1--to a disposition to res5tm5t on occasions :i* d n w>rant x1--&1 on all occasions1 to h>b\r+ ! feel+ aft] ! (f5ce & all its consequ5ces h pass$ ov]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e conclud+ ! subject ( ! affections1 !re are ?ree po9ts respect+ !m :i* rema9 to be m5tion$ z briefly z possible1--! influ5ce ( ,att5tion1 comb9$ ) a c]ta9 act ( ,imag9ation1--! influ5ce ( ,habit1--& ! e/imate ( ! feel+ ( ,moral ,approbation :i* ! ex]cise ( ! affections is calculat$ to produce4 ,i4 ,9 e ex]cise ( ! affections1 a mo/ important influ5ce is produc$ by ,att5tion1 aid$ by a c]ta9 act ( imag9ation4 ,?is consi/s ( direct+ ! m9d int5sely & habitually to all ! consid]ations :i* ought to guide u 9 ! p>ticul> relation to :i* ! affection ref]s4 ,x leads u to place ourselves 9 ! situation ( o!rs1 &1 ) a k9d ( p]sonal1 or almo/ selfi% int]e/1 to ent] into _! wants1 _! anxieties1 & _! feel+s2 & ?us1 9 _! place1 to judge ( ! emotions & ! conduct :i* are due f u to !m4 ,su* is ! ex]cise ( "o :o wi%es to foll[ ! great rule ( do+ to o!rs z he w\ld t !y %\ld d to him4 ,he is n satisfi$ ) ! m]ely dec5t dis*>ge ( ! duties :i* arise f ! affections1 b /udies int5sely ! requirem5ts :i* atta* to 8 p>ticul> situation1--se>*es out ! individuals1 t[>ds :om !y ought to be ex]cis$1 & ent]s into _! condition & _! feel+s ) m9ute & t5d] int]e/4 ,_m :o %ew no want ( fri5dly & b5evol5t affection1 :5 an individual case is /rongly br\ght be=e !m1 are defici5t 9 ! k9d ( ex]cise :i* w\ld lead !m1 9 ?is mann]1 to f9d _! way to t correct ex]cise ( ! affections :i* really belongs to a sc5e ( moral discipl9e4 ,su* an ex]cise is adapt$ to e situation 9 life1 & t5ds to gu>d a man1 9 8 v>i\s relations1 aga9/ ! h9drances :i* indol5ce1 self-love1 & pure inatt5tion are apt to br+ 9 ! way ( 8 peculi> duties1--& ( 8 dis*>g+ !m ) due reg>d to ! feel+s ( o!rs4 ,?is m5tal ex]cise1 ( ext5sive application to ! b5evol5t affections1 con/itutes :at is usually call$ ,sympa?y4 ,x is compos$ ( an act ( ,imag9ation & ,self-love1 by :i* we transf] ourselves1 z x 71 into ! situation ( o!r m51 & !reby regulate our conduct t[>ds !m4 ,x is h[ev] to be kept 9 m9d1 t ! pr9ciple ( self-love1 ?us br\ght into action1 is ! te/1 n ! rule ( our conduct4 ,?is is a po9t on :i* !re has be5 mu* vague & useless speculation2 & f n att5d+ to ! di/9ction1 "s h ref]r$ our ideas ( b5evol5ce entirely to ! pr9ciple ( selfi%ness4 ,su* discussions are equally uns\nd & unpr(itable1 & are to be plac$ on a foot+ ) ! speculations ( ! s*ola/ic philosophy1 :i* we n[ look back ^u m]ely z matt]s ( hi/orical curiosity4 ,! application ( self-love1 9 ! mann] :i* has be5 ref]r$ to1 is *iefly useful 9 enabl+ u fully to appreciate ! facts ( ! individual case1 z we w\ld d if we 7 p]sonally int]e/$4 ,! rule ( our conduct is q di/9ct f ?is1 & re/s on ^? fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ju/ice & compassion :i* =m a "p ( our moral con/itution4 ,9 ! practical application ( !m1 !y are v mu* aid$ by ! moral pr9ciple or consci5ce4 ,! man1 :o acts habitually "u ! influ5ce ( ^! rules1 le>ns to "q himself rigidly respect+ ! claims & duties :i* result f 8 moral relations2 & ! feel+s & circum/ances ( ^? ) :om !y br+ him into contact4 ,:at1 7he asks himself7 is ! l9e ( action :i* belongs to me 9 reg>d to t individual1--:at are 8 feel+s 9 8 pres5t situation1--:at are ! feel+s & conduct :i* he expects f me1--& :at are ^? :i* ,i w\ld expect f him 7 ,i 9 8 circum/ances & he 9 m9e8 ,x is n a due regulation ( ! affections alone t arises f ?is :olesome /ate ( m5tal discipl9e4 ,x is a moral culture to ! m9d itself1 :i* may (t5 be fraught ) ! mo/ important results4 ,= ! man :o ex]cises x realizes to himself ! feel+s ( pov]ty1--! agonies ( b]eavem5t1 ! impressions ( ! b$ ( dea?2--& ?us1 )\t ! pa9 ( suff]+1 he may reap a portion ( ^? important moral b5efits :i* suff]+ is calculat$ to yield4 ,!re is ano!r view /ill to be tak5 ( ! advantages d]iv$ f t m5tal discipl9e :i* consi/s 9 att5tion to all ! relations includ$ "u ! affections4 ,:5 habitually ex]cis$1 x may (t5 br+ be=e ! m9d important circum/ances 9 our moral relations1 :i* are apt to make an inadequate impression amid ! di/ractions ( pres5t ?+s4 ,:5 ! p>5t1 = example1 looks ar\nd ! objects ( 8 t5d] affection1 :at a new impulse is communicat$ by ! ?\ght1 t ! pres5t life is b ! infancy ( _! be+2 & t 8 *ief & highe/ conc]n is to tra9 !m = immortality4 ,a simil> impulse mu/ be giv5 to ! philan?ropi/1 :5 he consid]s t ! individuals1 :o %>e 8 b5evol5t att5tions1 are1 l himself1 pass+ ?r\gh a sc5e ( discipl9e to a high] /ate ( exi/5ce1 :]e !y w assume a place correspond+ to _! rank 9 ! scale ( moral be+s4 ,! ref9$ philan?ropy ?us aris+1 :ile x neglects no prop] att5tion to ! di/resses ( ! pres5t life1 w seek *iefly to cont5d ) ^? great] evils :i* degrade ! moral nature1 & sev] ! immortal _s f its ,god4 ,he1 :o judges ^u ?is ext5d$ pr9ciple1 w le>n to =m a new e/imate ( ! condition ( man4 ,amid ! pride ( weal? & ! spl5d\r ( p[]1 he may m\rn ov] a be+ lo/ to e feel+ ( 8 high de/9y2 &1 by ! dea?-b$ ( ! peasant1 amid discom=t & suff]+1 he may contemplate ) int]e/ a purifi$ _s ris+ to immortality4 ,,ii4 ,next to ! p[] ( att5tion1 we h to notice ! influ5ce produc$ ^u ! affections by ,habit4 ,?is is f\nd$ ^u a pr9ciple ( our nature1 by :i* a rem>kable relation exi/s betwe5 ! affections & ! actions :i* arise out ( !m4 ,! t5d5cy ( all emotions is to become weak] by repetition1 or to be less acutely felt ! (t5] !y are exp]i5c$4 ,! t5d5cy ( actions1 aga91 z we h se5 :5 treat+ ( ! ,intellectual ,p[]s1 is to become easi] by repetition1--s t ^?1 :i* at fir/ require close & cont9u$ att5tion1 come to be p]=m$ )\t ef=t1 & almo/ )\t consci\sness4 ,n[ an affection prop]ly consi/s ( an emotion lead+ to an action2 & ! natural progress ( ! m9d1 9 ! prop] ex]cise ( ! affection1 is1 t ! emotion becomes less acutely felt1 z ! action becomes easi] & m famili>4--,?us1 a sc5e ( wret*$ness1 or a tale ( sorr[1 w produce 9 ! inexp]i5c$ an int5sity ( emotion n felt by him ^: life has be5 devot$ to de$s ( m]cy2 & a sup]ficial obs]v] is apt to consid] ! condition ( ! latt] z "o ( ins5sibility1 produc$ by famili>ity ) sc5es ( di/ress4 ,x is1 on ! contr>y1 t heal?y & natural progress ( ! m9d1 9 :i* ! emotion is gradually dim9i%$ 9 =ce z x is foll[$ by its prop] actions1--t is1 z ! m]e int5sity ( feel+ is ex*ang$ = ! habit ( active b5evol5ce4 ,b t ?is may take place 9 ! s\nd & heal?y mann]1 ! emotion mu/ be /eadily foll[$ by ! action :i* belongs to x4 ,if ?is be neglect$1 ! h>mony ( ! moral process is de/roy$1 &1 z ! emotion becomes weak5$1 x is succe$$ by cold ins5sibility or b>r5 selfi%ness4 ,?is is a subject ( mu* importance1--& !re are two conclusions :i* arise out ( x respect+ ! cultivation ( ! b5evol5t affections4 ,! "o relates to ! bad effects ( fictiti\s sc5es ( sorr[1 z repres5t$ on ! /age1 or 9 works ( fancy4 ,! evil aris+ f ^! appe>s to be t :i* has n[ be5 ref]r$ to2--! emotion is produc$ )\t ! correspond+ action1 & ! consequ5ce is likely to be a cold & useless s5tim5talism1 in/ead ( a s\nd cultivation ( ! b5evol5t affections4--,! second is1--t1 9 cultivat+ ! b5evol5t affections 9 ! "y1 we %\ld be c>eful to obs]ve ! process s cle>ly po9t$ out by ! philosophy ( ! moral feel+s4 ,!y %\ld be famili>iz$ ) actual sc5es ( suff]+1 b ?is ought to be accompani$ by de$s ( m9ute & active k9dness1 s z to produce a full & lively impression ( ! wants & feel+s ( ! suff]]4 ,on ?is gr\nd1 also1 ,i ?9k we %\ld at fir/ ev5 ab/a91 9 a great measure1 f giv+ "y p]sons ! cautions !y w aft]w>ds f9d s requisite1 respect+ ! "* ( ! objects ( _! b5evol5ce1 & ! impositions s frequ5tly practis$ by ! poor4 ,suspicions ( ?is k9d might t5d to int]f]e ) ! important moral process :i* ought to be our fir/ object1--! necess>y cautions w aft]w>ds be le>n$ ) little difficulty4 ,! be/ mode ( cont5d+ ) ! evils ( paup]ism1 on ! pr9ciples ( political economy1 is a problem on :i* ,i presume n to ent]4 ,b1 on ! pr9ciples ( moral sci5ce1 a consid]ation ( ! utmo/ importance %\ld nev] be =gott51--! great end to be answ]$ by ! v>ieties ( human condition 9 ! cultivation ( ! b5evol5t affections4 ,political sci5ce passes its prop] b\nd>y :5 x is p]mitt$ 9 any degree to int]f]e ) ?is high pr9ciple2--&1 on ! o!r h&1 x is n to be d5i$1 t ?is important purpose is 9 a great measure fru/rat$ by _m ( ^? in/itutions1 :i* cut (f ! direct int]c\rse ( ! prosp]\s & ! weal?y ) ^? :om provid5ce has committ$ to !m1 9 ?is sc5e ( moral discipl9e1 z ! objects ( _! b5evol5t c>e4 ,,iii4 ,! ?ird po9t1 :i* rema9s to be briefly m5tion$1 is ! feel+ ( moral approbation1 or r ! impression ( m]it1 :i* is frequ5tly atta*$ to ! ex]cise ( ! affections4 ,?is important subject has be5 already ref]r$ to4 ,:5 ! "m1 ) total disreg>d to h] heal? & com=t1 devotes h]self to wat*+ ov] h] *ild1 %e is n influ5c$ by any s5se ( duty1 nor d we atta* to h] conduct ! feel+ ( moral approbation4 ,%e acts simply ^u an impulse )91 :i* %e p]ceives to be a "p ( h] con/itution1 & :i* c>ries h] =w>d ) un%r9k+ firmness 9 a p>ticul> c\rse ( labori\s & anxi\s s]vice4 ,%e may1 inde$1 be s5sible t ! violation ( ^! feel+s w\ld expose h] to ! reprobation ( h] k9d2 b %e does n imag9e t ! zeal\s fulfilm5t ( !m entitles h] to any special praise4 ,! same pr9ciple applies to all ! affections4 ,!y are a "p ( our moral con/itution1 int5d$ to b9d m5 toge!r by c]ta9 (fices ( ju/ice1 fri5d%ip1 & compassion2 & h be5 well nam$ by a di/+ui%$ writ]1 ! voice ( ,god )9 u4 ,!y s]ve a purpose 9 our moral economy1 analog\s to t :i* ! appetites answ] 9 our physical sy/em4 ,! appetite ( hung]1 = example1 ensures a regul> supply ( n\ri%m5t1 9 a mann] :i* c\ld nev] h be5 provid$ = by any process ( reason+2 ?\gh an ex]cise ( reason is /ill applicable to pres]v+ ov] x a c]ta9 regulation & control4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ! v>i\s feel+s ( our moral nature h ea* a def9$ purpose to answ]1 bo? 9 respect to our own m5tal economy & our relations to our fell[-m52 & 9 ! due ex]cise ( !m !y ought to be controll$ & regulat$ by ! moral pr9ciple4 ,! violation ( ^! feel+s1 !re=e1 places man bel[ ! level ( a moral be+2 b ! p]=mance ( !m does n entitle him to assume ! claim ( m]it4 ,he is m]ely be>+ 8 "p 9 a c]ta9 arrangem5t1 f :i* he is himself to d]ive b5efit1 z a be+ hold+ a place 9 t sy/em ( ?+s :i* ^! feel+s are int5d$ to keep toge!r 9 h>mony & ord]4 ,9 reg>d to ! great pr9ciples ( v]acity & ju/ice1 e "o p]ceives ?is to be true4 ,9 all m]cantile transactions1 = example1 a "* = high hon\r & integrity leads n only to respect1 b to t confid5ce :i* is closely connect$ ) prosp]ity4--,^! qualities1 inde$1 are z ess5tial to a man's own int]e/ z !y are to 8 duty to o!r m52 & if he does ga9 an advantage by fraud & deceit1 x is only :5 he escapes detection2--t is1 :ile he pres]ves ! reputation ( ! v qualities :i* he has violat$4 ,b ?is tru? applies equally to ! affections m /rictly b5evol5t4 ,! man :o lives 9 ! habitual ex]cise ( a cold & b>r5 selfi%ness1 & seeks only 8 own gratification or int]e/1 has inde$1 9 "s s5se1 8 puni%m5t 9 ! contempt & av]sion ) :i* he is view$ by 8 fell[-m54 ,mu* m ?an ?is1 h[ev]1 atta*es to su* a "*2--he has violat$ ! pr9ciples giv5 him = 8 guidance 9 ! social sy/em2--he has fall5 f 8 s\nd condition z a moral be+2 & incurs actual guilt 9 ! eye ( a righte\s ,gov]nor1 ^: w ! ord] ( ?is l[] _w is int5d$ to obey4 ,b x by no means foll[s1 t ! man1 :o p]=ms 9 a c]ta9 mann] ! relations ( ju/ice1 fri5d%ip1 & compassion1 is !reby entitl$ to claim m]it 9 ! view ( ! ,almighty ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se4 ,he m]ely acts 8 "p 9 ! pres5t sy/em ( moral economy1 = :i* he has be5 adapt$4 ,he is s con/itut$ z to d]ive satisfaction f ! ex]cise ( ^! affections2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 he receives an appropriate rew>d 9 ! reciprocal ex]cise ( simil> affections by o!r m51 & 9 ! g5]al h>mony ( society :i* results f !m4 ,an ext5sive culture ( ! affections1 !re=e1 may g on )\t ! recognition ( ! moral pr9ciple1 or t /ate ( m9d :i* habitually feels ! pres5ce ( ! ,deity1 & desires to h ! :ole "* 9 subjection to 8 w4 ,we are n entitl$ to ackn[l$ge ! op]ation ( t great pr9ciple1 unless :5 ! affections are ex]cis$ 9 circum/ances :i* imply a /rong & decid$ sacrifice ( self-love to ! au?ority ( ,god4 ,?is appe>s to correspond ) ! di/9ction s /rik+ly /at$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s--,if ye love !m :i* love y1 :at rew>d h ye8 d n ev5 ! publicans ! same8--,i say unto y1 love y\r enemies1--bless !m t curse y1 d good to !m t hate y1 pray = !m :i* despitefully use y & p]secute y4 ,on ?is bran* ( ! subject x is also to be obs]v$1 t !re is a k9d ( comp5sat+ p[] among ! affections !mselves1 by :i*1 9 ! int]c\rse ( m51 !y act z *ecks ^u ea* o!r4 ,?us res5tm5t acts z a *eck ^u inju/ice2 & ! dread ( excit+ ang] 9 o!rs has probably an influ5ce1 9 pres]v+ ! peace & h>monies ( society1 :i* we (t5 ascribe to a high] pr9ciple4 ,9 reg>d to ! affections m /rictly b5evol5t1 ^! are also influ5c$1 9 a simil> mann]1 by ! feel+ ( disapprobation :i* att5ds any rem>kable dep>ture f _! requirem5ts4 ,:5 we keep 9 m9d1 along ) ?is consid]ation1 ! mann] 9 :i* all m5 are influ5c$1 9 "o degree or ano!r1 by ! love ( approbation or reg>d to "*1 we p]ceive 9 ! moral sy/em a beautiful pr9ciple ( comp5sation1 t5d+ to promote 9 x a c]ta9 degree ( h>mony4 ,?is is rem>kably illu/rat$1 = example1 9 ! g5]al feel+ ( disapprobation :i* is atta*$ to +ratitude1 & to violation ( filial affection or p>5tal duty1 & ev5 to any m>k$ neglect ( ! common calls ( humanity4 ,along ) ?is we are also to keep 9 m9d1 t a man is univ]sally consid]$ z 9 ! l[e/ /ate ( human nature1 :o1 9 ^! respects1 has become reg>dless ( "*1--t is1 ( ! e/imation ) :i* 8 conduct is view$ by 8 fell[-m54 ,9 reg>d to bo? ! affections & ! desires1 we are f>!r to rememb] t deep & ext5sive influ5ce1 ^u ! happ9ess ( ! individual himself1 :i* results f a due regulation ( ^! feel+s2--! pure m5tal enjoym5t ( him ^: affections are "u s\nd regulation1 & ^: desires are habitually direct$ to ^? objects :i* are 9 ! highe/ degree wor?y ( be+ s\ght aft]4 ,?is m5tal tranquillity is also repres5t$ to u1 9 a v /rik+ mann]1 by ! influ5ce ( ^? dispositions :i* we usually ref] to ! head ( ,temp]4 ,:at a con/ant s\rce ( pure enjoym5t is a meek & placid _s1 ! desires ( :i* are mod]ate & "u due regulation1--:i* puts ^u e ?+ ! be/ con/ruction x w admit (1--is sl[ to take (f5ce1--seeks no di/9ction1--b views itself ) humility1 & o!rs ) c&\r1 b5evol5ce1 & indulg5ce4 ,su* a disposition makes ! man happy 9 himself1 & a s\rce ( happ9ess & peace to all ar\nd him4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :at an unceas+ s\rce ( m5tal disquiet & turbul5ce is ! opposite disposition1--jeal\s1 envi\s1 & c5sori\s1--ready to take (f5ce at trifles1 & (t5 to con/rue incid5tal occurr5ces into int5d$ & prem$itat$ insults1--prone to put unfav\rable con/ructions ^u ! conduct ( o!rs1 & ?us cont9ually to surr\nd itself ) imag9>y enemies1 & imag9>y neglects & injuries4 ,su* a temp] is a cont9ual torm5t to ! individual himself1 & ! cause ( disputes & jeal\sies among ^? ) :om he is connect$4 ,we _c fail1 also1 to p]ceive t ! man ( ill-regulat$ passions injures 8 own true int]e/ & happ9ess1 z mu* z he violates 8 duty to o!rs1 & t 8 c\rse ( life is (t5 productive ( degradation1 disease1 & wret*$ness4 ,9 all ?is we see a beautiful example ( ! wise arrangem5ts ( ! ,creator1 :o1 9 ! /ructure ( our moral nature1 has connect$ our own peace & happ9ess ) a /ate ( feel+ calculat$ to promote ! happ9ess & peace ( all ar\nd u4 ,we _c be at a loss to conclude :at a diff]5t sc5e ! _w w\ld pres5t1 if su* feel+s 7 univ]sally cultivat$2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 we mu/ obs]ve h[ mu* ( ! actual mis]y t exi/s 9 ! _w arises f d]angem5t ( moral feel+1 & ! v>i\s consequ5ces :i* result f x bo? to individuals & communities4 ,we f9d also1 by innum]able examples1 ! rem>kable influ5ce produc$1 by a due cultivation ( ^! feel+s1 9 alleviat+1 bo? 9 ourselves & o!rs1 ! physical evils :i* are insep>able f ! pres5t /ate4 ,x is f>!r to be rem>k$1 z a fact wor?y ( ! deepe/ att5tion1 t ! only di/9ct in=mation convey$ to u 9 ,scripture1 respect+ ! happ9ess ( ! righte\s 9 a future /ate1 is1--t x w consi/ *iefly 9 a p]fect k ( ! div9e "*1 & a con=mity ( ! s\l to ! moral p]fections ( ! ,deity4 ,x do? n yet appe>1 says ! sacr$ writ]1 :at we %all be2 b we "k t :5 he %all appe>1 we %all be l him1 = we %all see him z he is4 ,9 conclud+ ! :ole subject ( ! affections1 ,i h only f>!r to rem>k1--t ! regulat$ /ate ( ! moral feel+s1 :i* has be5 ! subject ( ! prec$+ obs]vations1 seems to correspond ) ! quality s emphatically describ$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s "u ! "n ( ,*>ity4 ,x is !re uni=mly repres5t$ z ! great te/ ( ! moral condition2 & we f9d expos$1 9 ! mo/ /rik+ mann]1 ! wor?lessness ( all end[m5ts :i* are n accompani$ by ?is regulation ( ! :ole "*4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 conclude ?is subject 9 a m appropriate mann]1 ?an by a passage 9 :i*1 by a few mo/ p[]ful expressions1 a code ( e?ical sci5ce is laid be=e u ) a cle>ness & a =ce1 :i* put to n\ght all human composition3--,?\gh ,i speak ) ! tongues ( m5 & ( angels1 & h n *>ity1 ,i am become z s\nd+ brass1 or a t9kl+ cymbal4 ,& ?\gh ,i h ! gift ( prophecy1 & und]/& all my/]ies1 & all k2 & ?\gh ,i h all fai?1 s t ,i c\ld remove m\nta9s1 & h n *>ity1 ,i am no?+4 ,& ?\gh ,i be/[ all my goods to fe$ ! poor1 & ?\gh ,i give my body to be burn$1 & h n *>ity1 x pr(ite? me no?+4 ,*>ity suff]e? long1 & is k9d2 *>ity envie? n2 *>ity vaunte? n itself1 is n puff$ up1 do? n behave itself unseemly1 seeke? n h] own1 is n easily provok$1 ?9ke? no evil2 rejoice? n 9 iniquity1 b rejoice? 9 ! tru?2 be>e? all ?+s1 believe? all ?+s1 hope? all ?+s1 endure? all ?+s4 ,*>ity nev] faile?2 b :e!r !re be prophecies1 !y %all fail2 :e!r !re be tongues1 !y %all cease2 :e!r !re be k1 x %all vani% away4 ,= we "k 9 "p1 & we prophecy 9 "p4 ,b :5 t :i* is p]fect is come1 !n t :i* is 9 "p %all be done away4 ,:5 ,i 0 a *ild1 ,i spake z a *ild1 ,i und]/ood z a *ild1 ,i ?\ght z a *ild3 b :5 ,i became a man1 ,i put away *ildi% ?+s4 ,= n[ we see ?r\gh a glass1 d>kly2 b !n face to face2 n[ ,i "k 9 "p2 b !n %all ,i "k ev5 z also ,i am kn[n4 ,& n[ abide? fai?1 hope1 *>ity1 ^! ?ree1--b ! greate/ ( ^! is *>ity4 ,,sect4 ,,iii4 ,,self-,,love4 ,!re has be5 "s dispute respect+ ! t]m ,self-love1 bo? z to its g5]al propriety1 & z to ! m5tal feel+s :i* ought to be ref]r$ to x4 ,!re c be no d\bt t !re is1 9 our con/itution1 a pr9ciple or prop5sity :i* leads u to /udy our own int]e/1 gratification1 & com=t2 & t1 9 _m in/ances1 x becomes ! rul+ pr9ciple ( ! "*4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ,i use ! t]m self-love1 )\t ent]+ into any discussion reg>d+ ! /rict logical propriety ( x4 ,l ! o!r m5tal feel+s1 x is to be consid]$ z "p ( our moral con/itution1 & calculat$ to answ] important purposes1 provid$ x be kept 9 its prop] place1 & d n encroa* ^u ! duties & affections :i* we owe to o!r m54 ,:5 ?us regulat$1 x con/itutes prud5ce1 or a j reg>d to our own int]e/1 safety1 & happ9ess2 :5 x becomes morbid 9 its ex]cise1 x deg5]ates into selfi%ness4 ,a s\nd & rational self-love ought to lead u to seek our own true happ9ess1 & %\ld prove a *eck ^u ^? appetites & passions :i* int]f]e ) ?is2 = _m ( !m1 x mu/ be all[$1 may be n less adv]se to our own real int]e/ & com=t1 ?an !y are to our duty to o!r m54 ,x %\ld lead u1 !re=e1 to avoid e ?+1 n only t is oppos$ to our int]e/1 b t is calculat$ to impair our peace ( m9d1 & t h>mony ( ! moral feel+s )\t :i* !re c be no real happ9ess4 ,?is includes a due regulation ( ! desires1 & a due ex]cise ( ! affections1 z a moral condition :i* promotes our own welf>e & com=t4 ,self-love1 view$ 9 ?is mann]1 appe>s to be plac$ z a regulat+ pr9ciple among ! o!r p[]s1--mu* inf]ior inde$ to ! great pr9ciple ( consci5ce1 s f> z reg>ds ! moral condition ( ! individual1--b calculat$ to answ] important purposes 9 promot+ ! h>monies ( society4 ,! impression1 on :i* its influ5ce re/s1 appe>s to be simply ! com=t & satisfaction :i* arise to ourselves f a c]ta9 regulation ( ! desires1 & a c]ta9 ex]cise ( ! affections1 :ile feel+s ( an opposite k9d foll[ a diff]5t conduct4 ,^! s\rces ( satisfaction are manifold4 ,we may reckon among !m ! pleasure atta*$ to ! ex]cise ( ! affections !mselves1 a feature ( our moral con/itution ( ! mo/ int]e/+ k9d1--! true m5tal peace & enjoym5t :i* spr+ f b5evol5ce1 fri5d%ip1 meekness1 =giv5ess1 & ! :ole tra9 ( ! k9dly feel+s1--! gratitude ( ^? :o h exp]i5c$ ! effects ( our k9dness1--! respect & approbation ( ^? ^: e/eem we feel to be valuable1--& ! return ( simil> affections & good (fices f o!r m54 ,on ! o!r h&1 we h to keep 9 m9d ! m5tal agony & di/raction :i* arise f jeal\sy1 envy1 hatr$1 & res5tm5t1--! s5se ( %ame & disgrace :i* foll[ a c]ta9 l9e ( conduct1--& ! di/ress :i* (t5 arises purely f ! contempt & disapprobation ( our fell[-m54 ,disgrace1 says ,butl]1 is z mu* avoid$ z bodily pa92 we may safely say t x is mu* m avoid$1 & t x inflicts a suff]+ ( a mu* m sev]e & p]man5t nature4 ,x mu/ likewise accord ) ! obs]vation ( e "o1 t among ! circum/ances1 :i* mo/ frequ5tly injure our peace & impair our com=t1 are ^? :i* ruffle ! m9d by mortify+ our self-love4 ,!re is also a feel+ ( dissatisfaction & self-reproa* :i* foll[s any neglect ( a due ex]cise ( ! affections1 & :i*1 9 a well regulat$ m9d1 di/urbs ! m5tal tranquillity fully z mu* z ! disapprobation ( o!r m54 ,x is f>!r evid5t1 t ! man ( ungov]n$ passions1 & ill-regulat$ affections1 impairs 8 own peace & happ9ess z mu* z he violates 8 duties to o!rs1--= 8 c\rse ( life is productive1 n only ( degradation 9 ! eyes ( 8 fell[-m51 b (t5 ( m5tal angui%1 mis]y1 disease1 & premature dea?4 ,!re is n1 p]haps1 a /ate ( m int5se suff]+1 ?an :5 ! deprav$ he>t1 disappo9t$ ( ^? gratifications to :i* x is enslav$1 & %ut up f ! excitem5ts by :i* x seeks to escape f ! horrors ( reflection1 is ?r[n back ^u itself to be its own torm5tor4 ,to run ! risk ( su* consequ5ces1 = ! gratification ( a pres5t appetite or passion1 is cle>ly oppos$ to ! dictates ( a s\nd self-love1 z has be5 di/9ctly %ewn by ,bi%op ,butl]2 & :5 9 su* a case1 self-love prevails ov] an appetite or passion1 we p]ceive x op]at+ z a regulat+ pr9ciple 9 ! moral sy/em4 ,x does s1 inde$1 m]ely by ! impression1 t a c]ta9 regulation ( ! moral feel+s is conducive to our own true & pres5t happ9ess2 & ?us %ews a wond]ful p[] ( comp5sation among ^! feel+s1 ref]able entirely to ?is s\rce4 ,b x is q di/9ct f ! great pr9ciple ( consci5ce1 :i* directs u to a c]ta9 l9e ( conduct on ! pure & high pr9ciple ( moral duty1 ap>t f all consid]ations ( a p]sonal nature1--:i* leads a man to act ^u nobl] motives ?an ^? :i* result f ! mo/ ref9$ self-love1 & calls = ! mortification ( all p]sonal feel+s1 :5 ^! int]f]e1 9 ! smalle/ degree1 ) ! requirem5ts ( duty4 ,?is di/9ction ,i conceive to be ( ! utmo/ practical importance2 z x %ews a pr9ciple ( regulation among ! moral feel+s !mselves1 by :i* a c]ta9 ex]cise ( ! affections is c>ri$ on 9 a mann] :i* contributes 9 a high degree to ! h>monies ( society1 b :i* does n convey any impression ( moral approbation or m]it t c be appli$ to ! ag5t4 ,self-love1 !n1 leads u to consult our own feel+s1 & to seek directly our own int]e/ & happ9ess4 ,! affections lead u to all[ = ! feel+s1 & consid] ! advantage & com=t ( o!r m52 & a c]ta9 balance betwe5 ^! pr9ciples is ess5tial to ! heal?y /ate ( ! moral be+4 ,x is seldom t ! affections are likely to acquire an undue influ5ce1 b !re is great dang] ( self-love deg5]at+ into selfi%ness1 :i* int]f]es ) ! duties we owe to o!rs4 ,we h =m]ly allud$ to ! means1 ref]able to ! due ex]cise ( ! affections1 & ev5 to a s\nd & rational self-love1 by :i* ?is %\ld be 9 "p prev5t$4 ,:5 ^! are n suffici5t1 ! appeal is to consci5ce2 or a di/9ct ref]5ce ( individual cases is made to ! great pr9ciple ( moral rectitude4 ,we f9d1 accord+ly1 ?is pr9ciple call$ into action1 :5 a man has become s5sible ( important defects 9 8 moral habits4 ,?us1 we may see a man1 :o has long giv5 way to a peevi% or irascible disposition1 t is1 to selfi% act+ ^u 8 own feel+s1 )\t due reg>d to ! feel+s ( o!rs1 sett+ himself to cont5d ) ?is prop5sity ^u ! score ( moral duty2 :ile ano!r1 ( a placid disposition1 has no ne$ ( br++ ! pr9ciple into action = su* a purpose4 ,9 ! same mann]1 a p]son :o has indulg$ a cold contract$ selfi%ness may1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! same great pr9ciple1 p]=m de$s ( b5evol5ce & k9dness4 ,?us we p]ceive t ! moral pr9ciple or s5se ( duty1 :5 x is made ! regulat+ motive ( action1 is calculat$ to control self-love1 & pres]ve ! prop] h>mony betwe5 x & ! ex]cise ( ! affections4 ,:5 ! pr9ciple ( self-love becomes d]ang$ 9 its ex]cise & objects1 x leads to ^? habits by :i* a man seeks 8 own gratification1 9 a way :i* int]f]es ) 8 duties to o!r m54 ,?is he may d by an undue pursuit ( any ( ! desires1--:e!r av>ice1 ambition1 love ( em95ce1 or love ( fame2--& ! desire ( k itself may be s indulg$ z to assume ! same "*4 ,ev5 de$s ( b5evol5ce & k9dness may be p]=m$ on ?is pr9ciple1--z :5 a man1 by su* actions1 seeks only ! applause ( ! public1 or ! approbation ( c]ta9 individuals f :om1 x may be1 he expects to d]ive advantage4--,h5ce ! value we atta*1 9 ! ex]cise ( all ! affections1 to :at we call dis9t]e/$ conduct1--to him :o does good by /eal?1 or :o p]=ms acts ( exalt$ ju/ice1 g5]osity1 or =be>ance1 "u circum/ances :i* exclude e idea ( a selfi% motive1--or :5 self-int]e/ & p]sonal feel+ are /rongly & obvi\sly oppos$ to !m4 ,su* conduct comm&s ! cordial approbation ( all classes ( m52 & x is /rik+ to rem>k h[1 9 ! highe/ conception ( su* a "* t fancy c del9eate1 we are met by ! sublime morality ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 impress$ ^u u by ! pure/ ( all motives1 ! imitation ( ,him :o is ! giv] ( all good2--love y\r enemies1--bless !m t curse y2--d good to !m t hate y1--& pray = !m :i* despitefully use y & p]secute y2--t ye may be ! *ildr5 ( y\r ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav53 = he make? 8 sun to rise on ! evil & on ! good1 & s5de? ra9 on ! j & on ! unju/4--,if any man w be my disciple1 says ! same great au?or ( ,*ri/ianity1--let him d5y himself4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,w4 ,w or ,simple ,volition is t /ate ( m9d :i* imm$iately prec$es action2--,we w a c]ta9 act2 & ! act foll[s1 unless x be prev5t$ ei!r by ext]nal re/ra9t1 or by physical inability to p]=m x4 ,! actions ?us produc$ arise out ( ! m5tal emotions =m]ly treat$ (1--! desires1 & ! affections4--,we desire an object1 or we exp]i5ce "o ( ! affections2--! next m5tal act1 accord+ to ! regul> c\rse ( a reflect+ m9d1 is propos+ to ourselves ! "q1--%all we gratify ! desire1--%all we ex]cise ! affection4 ,!n foll[s ! process ( consid]+ or delib]at+4--,we p]ceive1 p]haps1 a v>iety ( consid]ations or inducem5ts1--"s ( :i* are 9 fav\r ( gratify+ ! desire or ex]cis+ ! affection1 o!rs oppos$ to x4 ,we !re=e proce$ to weigh ! relative =ce ( ^! oppos+ motives1 ) ! view ( det]m9+ :i* ( !m we %all all[ to regulate our decision4 ,we1 at l5g?1 make up our m9d on ?is1 & resolve1 we %all suppose1 to d ! act2--?is is foll[$ by ! m5tal condition ( will+ or simple volition4 ,9 ! *a9 ( m5tal op]ations :i*1 9 su* a case1 int]v5e betwe5 ! desire & ! volition1 a class ( ag5ts is br\ght into view :i* act ^u ! m9d z moral causes ( its volitions2--^! are usually call$ motives1--or pr9ciples ( action4 ,:5 treat+ ( ?is subject z a bran* ( ! philosophy ( ! intellectual p[]s1 ,i endeav\r$ to %ew ! gr\nds on :i* we believe1 t !re are facts1 tru?s1 motives1 or moral causes1 :i* h a t5d5cy ?us to influ5ce ! det]m9ations ( ! m9d1 ) a uni=mity simil> to t :i* we obs]ve 9 ! op]ation ( physical causes4 ,= ! due op]ation ( moral causes1 inde$1 c]ta9 circum/ances are requir$ 9 ! individual on :om !y are expect$ to op]ate1 &1 )\t ^!1 !y may fail 9 _! op]ation4 ,x is necess>y t he %\ld be fully in=m$ 9 reg>d to !m z tru?s address$ to 8 und]/&+1--t he direct 8 att5tion to !m ) suitable int5sity1 & ex]cise 8 reason+ p[]s ^u _! t5d5cies1--& t he be himself 9 a c]ta9 heal?y /ate ( moral feel+4 ,9 all our int]c\rse ) mank9d1 accord+ly1 we proce$ ^u an absolute confid5ce 9 ! uni=mity ( ! op]ation ( ^! causes1 provid$ we are acqua9t$ ) ! moral condition ( ! individual4 ,we c =etel1 = example1 ! respective effects :i* a tale ( di/ress w h ^u a cold-he>t$ mis]1 & a man ( active b5evol5ce1 ) ! same confid5ce ) :i* we c pr$ict ! diff]5t actions ( an acid ^u an alkali & ^u a metal2--& !re are individuals 9 reg>d to ^: integrity & v]acity1 9 any situation 9 :i* !y c be plac$1 we h a confid5ce simil> to t ) :i* we rely on ! c\rse ( nature4 ,9 ?is mann] we gradually acquire1 by exp]i5ce1 a k ( mank9d2 precisely z1 by obs]vation or exp]im5t1 we acquire a k ( ! op]ation ( physical ag5ts4 ,?us we come to "k t "o man is absolutely to be reli$ on1 9 reg>d to a p>ticul> l9e ( conduct 9 giv5 circum/ances2--& t ano!r is n to be reli$ on1 if any ?+ %\ld come 9 ! way1 affect+ 8 own pleasure or int]e/4 ,9 endeav\r+ to excite v>i\s individuals to ! same conduct 9 a p>ticul> case1 we le>n1 t 9 "o1 we h to appeal only to 8 s5se ( duty1--9 ano!r1 to 8 love ( approbation2--:ile1 on a ?ird1 no?+ w make any impression except :at be>s ^u 8 int]e/ or 8 pleasure4 ,aga91 :5 we f9d t1 9 a p>ticul> individual1 c]ta9 motives or tru?s fail ( ! effects :i* we h obs]v$ !m to produce 9 o!rs1 we endeav\r to impress !m ^u 8 m9d1 & to r\se 8 att5tion to _! be>+s & t5d5cies2--& ?is we d f ! conviction1 t ^! tru?s h a c]ta9 uni=m t5d5cy to influ5ce ! volitions ( a moral be+1 provid$ he c be induc$ s]i\sly to att5d to !m1 & provid$ he is 9 t moral condition :i* is requir$ = _! effici5cy4 ,9 all su* cases1 :i* are famili> to e "o1 we recognise1 !re=e1 a uni=m relation betwe5 c]ta9 moral causes or motives1 & ! det]m9ations ( ! human m9d 9 will+ c]ta9 acts4 ,x is no objection to ?is1 t m5 act 9 v diff]5t ways ) ! same motives be=e !m2--= ?is dep5ds ^u _! own moral condition4 ,:5 treat+ ( ! intellectual p[]s1 ,i allud$ to ! metaphysical controv]sies connect$ ) ?is subject1 & ,i d n mean to recur to !m "h4 ,our pres5t object is entirely ( a practical nature1--namely1 to inve/igate ! circum/ances :i* are requir$ = ! due op]ation ( motives or moral causes1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ! moral feel+s may be s d]ang$1 t ^! fail ( produc+ _! natural or prop] effects4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u1 !n1 suppose an individual delib]at+ 9 reg>d to ! l9e ( conduct he %all pursue 9 a p>ticul> case2--! circum/ances or impressions :i* are calculat$ to act ^u him z moral causes 9 det]m9+ 8 volition1--t is1 9 decid+ 8 conduct1 are *iefly ! foll[+3 7#a47 ,self-love1 :i* prompts him to seek 8 own ease1 int]e/1 or gratification4 7#b47 ,c]ta9 affections :i* lead him to take into view duties :i* he owes to o!r m52 su* z1 ju/ice1 b5evol5ce1 c4 7#c47 ,! impression ( moral rectitude or moral responsibility4 ,?is is d]iv$ f ! great pr9ciple ( consci5ce1 aid$ by ! tru?s ( religi\s belief4 7#d47 ,we ought to add reason ( judgm5t1 :i* leads him to p]ceive c]ta9 t5d5cies ( actions1 ap>t f _! moral aspect4 ,n[1 9 decid+ on 8 conduct 9 any p>ticul> in/ance1 "o man makes e ?+ b5d to 8 own int]e/ or pleasure1--) little reg>d to ! int]e/s ( o!rs2--unless 9 s f> z ! absolute requirem5ts ( ju/ice are conc]n$1 ! infr+em5t ( :i* might expose him to loss ( reputation1 or ev5 to puni%m5t4--,ano!r surr5d]s a c]ta9 portion ( 8 p]sonal gratification to ! advantage or com=t ( o!rs1 purely z an ex]cise ( feel+ f :i* he exp]i5ces satisfaction2--influ5c$1 also1 probably1 9 "s measure1 by a reg>d to "*1 or ! love ( approbation4 ,9 su* a man1 x becomes1 9 individual in/ances1 a matt] ( calculation1 :at degree ( ! sacrifice ( p]sonal ease1 int]e/1 ( feel+1 is to be made to ?is pr9ciple ( action4 ,a ?ird contemplates ! case purely z "o ( duty ( moral responsibility1 & acts ^u ?is pr9ciple1 ?\gh x may involve a degree ( p]sonal ex]tion1 or a sacrifice ( p]sonal feel+1 9 itself disagreeable or ev5 injuri\s to him2 t is1 ?\gh ! /ronge/ p]sonal motives w\ld lead to a diff]5t conduct4 ,let ! case1 aga91 ref] to "o ( ! desires1 be>+ no imm$iate relation to ! int]e/s ( o!r m54 ,"o man goes directly into ! gratification ( x1 )\t any consid]ation4 ,ano!r1 :o feels ! same desire1 consid]s ! influ5ce :i* ! indulg5ce w\ld be likely to h on 8 heal?1 int]e/1 or reputation4--,?is may be consid]$ z simply an ex]cise ( judgm5t1 comb9$ ) a c]ta9 op]ation ( self-love4 ,a ?ird views ! aspect ( ! de$ purely z a "q ( moral responsibility1--&1 if he sees cause1 decides aga9/ x on ?is gr\nd alone2--?\gh he %\ld p]ceive t x might be gratifi$ )\t any dang] to 8 heal?1 int]e/1 or reputation1 or ev5 t x might contribute to 8 advantage4 ,we h ?us pres5t$ to u ?ree *>act]s2--"o :o acts ^u ! high & pure gr\nd ( moral pr9ciple2--"o :o acts f motives ( a m contract$ & p]sonal nature1 ?\gh1 9 c]ta9 in/ances1 8 conduct may be ! same2--& "o :o goes /raight =w>d to ! gratification ( a rul+ desire or gov]n+ prop5sity1 )\t att5d+ to motives ( ei!r class4 ,! fir/ is a uni=m "*1 on ^: conduct we dep5d 9 any giv5 circum/ances1 ) a confid5ce simil> to t ) :i* we rely on ! op]ation ( physical ag5ts4 ,= we "k ! uni=m t5d5cies ( ! motives or moral causes by :i* he is habitually influ5c$1 & we "k 8 moral temp]am5t4 ,we h ne>ly ! same k9d ( k respect+ him1 :i* we h ( ! t5d5cies ( *emical ag5ts t[>ds ea* o!r1 & :i* enables u ) p]fect confid5ce to =etel _! actions4 ,! ?ird has also a uni=mity ( conduct1 ?\gh ( a v diff]5t k9d4 ,we "k1 likewise1 8 moral condition1 &1 to pr$ict 8 conduct1 we require only to le>n ! p>ticul> inducem5ts or temptations to :i* he is expos$ 9 a giv5 in/ance4 ,! second we _c rely or calculate ^u2 = we h n ! means ( trac+ ! conflict+ views by :i* he may be influ5c$ 9 a p>ticul> case1 or ! pr9ciple on :i* he may ultimately decide betwe5 !m4 ,!y involve ! /r5g? ( ! incl9ation1--& ! degree ( p[] ex]t$ ov] x by ! class ( p]sonal or selfi% motives by :i* he is influ5c$4--,9 reg>d to v>i\s in/ances ( ill-regulat$ desire1 we mu/ add 8 hope ( evad+ detection1--z on ?is dep5ds1 9 a great measure1 ! k9d ( evils dread$ by him 9 ref]5ce to ! indulg5ce4 ,^! tak5 toge!r imply a complicat$ moral calculation1 ( :i* x is impossible = ano!r man to trace ! result4 ,!re _c be an inquiry ( m int5se int]e/ ?an to inve/igate ! causes 9 :i* orig9ate ! diff]5ces among ^! ?ree *>act]s2 or1 9 o!r words1 ! pr9ciples on :i* we c expla9 ! fact1 t ! w ( individuals may be influ5c$ s diff]5tly ) ! same motives be=e !m4 ,^! appe> to be ref]able to ?ree heads1--,k1--,att5tion1--& ,moral ,habits4 ,i4 ,a prim>y & ess5tial elem5t1 9 ! due regulation ( ! w1 is a correct k ( ! tru?s & motives :i* t5d to influ5ce its det]m9ations4 ,! highe/ class ( ^! compreh5ds ! tru?s ( religi\s belief1--a s]ies ( moral causes1 ! t5d5cies ( :i* are ( ! mo/ important k9d1 & calculat$ to ex]t a uni=m p[] ov] e man :o surr5d]s himself to _! guidance4 ,= ?is purpose1 a correct k ( !m is requir$1 &1 to all :o h ?is k )9 _! rea*1 ! c>eful acquisition involves a po9t ( ! deepe/ moral responsibility4 ,! sacr$ writ]s speak 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms ( ! guilt atta*$ to volunt>y ignorance3 & ?is mu/ be obvi\s to e "o :o consid]s ! cle>ness ) :i* ! highe/ tru?s are disclos$1 & ! incontrov]tible evid5ce by :i* !y are support$4 ,?is applies equally to ! pr9ciples bo? ( natural & ( reveal$ religion4 ,! important tru?s ( natural religion are p>tly matt]s ( ! mo/ simple induction f ! ph5om5a ( nature :i* are cont9ually be=e u2 & p>tly impress$ ^u our own moral con/itution 9 ! cle>e/ & mo/ =cible mann]4 ,f ! planet revolv+ 9 its appo9t$ orbit1 to ! economy ( ! insect on :i* we tread1 all nature demon/rates1 ) a p[] :i* we _c put away f u1 ! great incompreh5sible ,"o1 a be+ ( b\ndless p]fections & inf9ite wisdom4 ,9 reg>d to 8 moral attributes1 also1 he has n left himself )\t a witness2 = a s5se ( ^! he has impress$ ^u u 9 ! cle>e/ mann] 9 t wondr\s "p ( our con/itution1--! moral pr9ciple or consci5ce4 ,f ^! two s\rces may be d]iv$ a k ( ! "* ( ! ,deity1 & ( our relation to him z moral be+s2--& ! man is left entirely )\t excuse :o fails to direct to !m 8 mo/ e>ne/ att5tion1 & to make ! impressions d]iv$ f !m ! habitual rule ( 8 volitions1 & ! guide ( 8 :ole "*4 ,he ha? ! rule ( "r )91 says ,butl]1 all t is want+ is1--t he hone/ly att5d to x4 ,simil> obs]vations apply ) equal or great] =ce to ! tru?s ( reveal$ religion4 ,^! are support$ by a weight ( miracul\s evid5ce1 & are transmitt$ to u by a *a9 ( te/imony1 c>ry+ absolute conviction to ! m9d ( e c&id inquir]4 ,!y are f>!r confirm$ by a probability1 & a =ce ( int]nal evid5ce1 :i* fix !mselves ^u ! moral feel+s ( e s\nd und]/&+ ) a p[] :i* is irresi/ible4 ,! :ole is address$ to u z rational be+s2 x is press$ ^u our att5tion z creatures de/9$ = ano!r /ate ( exi/5ce2 & ! duty is impos$ ^u e individual s]i\sly to exam9e & to consid]4 ,e man is 9 ! highe/ degree responsible = ! c>e ) :i* he has in=m$ himself ( ^! evid5ces1 & = ! att5tion ) :i* he has giv5 to e "p ( !m its due weight 9 ! solemn inquiry4 ,he is f>!r responsible = ! influ5ce ( previ\sly =m$ prejudice1 or t vitiat$ /ate ( 8 moral feel+s1 :i* prev5ts him f approa*+ ! subject ) ! simplicity ( a m9d :i* is s]i\sly desir\s ( ! tru?4 ,f ! want ( ^! ess5tial elem5ts ( "*1 x may v (t5 happ51 t a man may fancy he has =m$ 8 op9ions aft] mu* exam9ation1 :ile ! result ( 8 prejudic$ or frivol\s inquiry has be5 only to fix him 9 delusion & falsehood4 ,among ! s+ul> sophi/ries1 inde$1 by :i* "s m5 %ut _! m9ds aga9/ inquiries ( ! highe/ import1 is a k9d ( impression1 n p]haps di/9ctly av[$ 9 words1 b cle>ly recognis$ 9 practice1 t ^! subjects ( belief are 9 great measure matt]s ( op9ion1--in/ead ( be+ felt to re/ ^u ! basis ( immutable & et]nal tru?4 ,c any ?+ be m /rik+ ?an ! mann] 9 :i* a late di/+ui%$ poet expresses himself on ! subject ( a future life1--z if ?is tru? 7 a m]e op9ion :i* c\ld be tak5 up or laid d[n at pleasure1 to suit ! ta/e ( ! individual inquir]2--,( ! two1 ,i %\ld ?9k ! long sleep bett] ?an ! agoniz$ vigil4 ,b m51 mis]able z !y are1 cl+ s to any ?+ l life1 t !y probably w\ld pref] damnation to quiet4 ,besides1 !y ?9k !mselves s important 9 ! creation1 t no?+ less c satisfy !n pride1--! insects6#a ,su* is ! frivol\s sophi/ry by :i* "o1 :o holds a high rank 9 ! lit]ature ( 8 c\ntry1 c\ld put away f him ! mo/ mom5t\s inquiry t c engage ! att5tion ( a rational be+4 ,footnote #a3 ,byron's ,lett]s1 ,moore's ,life1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #eha4 ,,ii4 ,next to ! acquisition ( k1 & ! =mation ( op9ions1 calculat$ to act ^u u z moral be+s1 is ! important rule ( habitually att5d+ to !m1 s z to br+ _! influ5ce to be> ^u our volitions4 ,he1 :o hone/ly att5ds to :at is pass+ )91 w p]ceive t ?is is a volunt>y ex]cise ( 8 ?9k+ & reason+ faculties4 ,:5 a p>ticul> desire is pres5t to 8 m9d1 he has ! p[] to act ^u ! fir/ impulse1 or ^u a v p>tial & limit$1 p]haps a di/ort$1 view ( ! consid]ations & motives by :i* he ought to be influ5c$2--& he has ! p[] to susp5d act+1 & direct 8 att5tion delib]ately & fully to ! facts & pr9ciples :i* are calculat$ to guide 8 det]m9ation4 ,?is is ! fir/ great /ep 9 t rem>kable *a9 ( sequ5ces :i* belong to ! regulation ( ! w4 ,x is :at e "o is consci\s (2 &1 putt+ aside all ^? metaphysical subtleties 9 :i* ! subject has be5 involv$1 ?is con/itutes man a free & responsible ag5t4 ,9 ?is important process1 ! fir/ m5tal /ate is a c]ta9 movem5t ( "o ( ! desires or "o ( ! affections2--we may use ! t]m ,incl9ation z includ+ bo?4 ,! second is a ref]5ce ( ! incl9ation to ! moral causes or motives :i* m peculi>ly apply to x1--especially ! indications ( consci5ce1 & ! pr9ciples ( moral rectitude4--,if ^! be f\nd to h>monize ) ! incl9ation1 volition & action foll[1 ) ! full concurr5ce ( e moral feel+4 ,if ! incl9ation be condemn$ by ^!1 x is1 9 a well-regulat$ m9d1 in/antly dismiss$1 & ! heal?y condition ( ! moral be+ is pres]v$4 ,b ?is volunt>y & mo/ important m5tal process may be neglect$2--! incl9ation may be suff]$ to engross ! m9d & occupy fully ! att5tion3--! p[] may n be ex]cis$ ( direct+ x to moral causes & motives1 & ( comp>+ ) !m ! incl9ation :i* is pres5t4 ,! consequ5ce may be1 t ! man runs he$lessly into volition & action1 f :i* ! due ex]cise ( ?is process ( ! m9d might h pres]v$ him4 ,b a ?ird condition may take place :i* pres5ts a subject ( ! highe/ int]e/4 ,! moral causes may be s f> att5d$ to1 z to prev5t ! incl9ation f be+ foll[$ by action2 :ile ! incl9ation is /ill *]i%$1 & ! m9d is all[$ to dwell1 ) a c]ta9 feel+ ( regret1 on ! object :i* x _h be5 oblig$ to d5y itself4 ,?\gh ! actual de$ be ?us prev5t$1 ! h>mony ( ! moral feel+s is de/roy$2--& t m5tal condition is lo/ :i* is /rictly to be call$ purity ( he>t4 ,= ?is consi/s 9 ! desires & affections1 z well z ! conduct1 be+ 9 /rict subjection to ! indications ( consci5ce & ! pr9ciples ( moral rectitude4 ,! incl9ation1 ?us *]i%$1 gradually acquires great] asc5d5cy ov] ! moral feel+s2--at ea* succe$+ conte/1 x m & m occupies ! m9d2 ! att5tion is less & less direct$ to ! moral tru?s & motives :i* are oppos$ to x2 ! incl9ation at l5g? acquires ! pr$om9ance1 & is foll[$ by volition4 ,?is is :at we mean by a man be+ c>ri$ away by passion1 9 opposition to 8 moral conviction2 = passion consi/s 9 a desire or an affection :i* has be5 all[$ to engross ! m9d1 until x gradually ov]p[]s ! moral causes :i* are calculat$ to c\nt]act its influ5ce4 ,n[ 9 ! :ole ( ?is c\rse ea* s+le movem5t ( ! m9d is felt to be entirely volunt>y4 ,f t /ep1 :i* con/itutes ! fir/ dep>ture f moral purity1 ! process consi/s 9 a desire be+ *]i%$ :i* ! moral feel+s condemn2 :ile1 at ea* succe$+ /ep1 ! influ5ce ( ^! feel+s is gradually weak5$1 & f9ally de/roy$4 ,su* is ! economy ( ! human he>t1 & su* ! *a9 ( sequ5ces to be trac$ 9 ! moral hi/ory ( e man1 :o1 ) a conviction ^u 8 m9d ( :at is "r1 has foll[$ ! d[nw>d c\rse :i* gradually l$ him a/ray f virtue4 ,:5 we trace su* a process backw>ds 9 a philosophical po9t ( view1 ! "q /ill recurs1--:at 0 ! fir/ /ep1 or t by :i* ! m9d 0 l$ into ! c\rse :i* ?us t]m9at$ 9 fav\r ( vice4 ,9 ! wond]ful *a9 ( sequ5ces1 :i* has be5 e/abli%$ 9 ! m5tal con/itution1 x w\ld appe> t a v slight movem5t only is requir$ = d]ang+ ! delicate h>mony :i* ought to exi/ among ! moral feel+s2 b ?is ea* individual feels to be entirely volunt>y4 ,x may consi/ 9 a desire be+ *]i%$ :i* ! moral feel+s disapprove2--&1 ?\gh ! effect at fir/ may be small1 a morbid influ5ce has aris51 :i* ga9s /r5g? by cont9uance1 & at la/ acquires ! p[] ( a moral habit4 ,! m ! desire is *]i%$1 ! less is ! att5tion direct$ to ! consid]ations or moral causes by :i* x might be c\nt]act$4 ,9 ?is mann]1 accord+ to ! m5tal economy1 ^! causes gradually lose _! p[] ov] ! volitions or det]m9ations ( ! m9d1 &1 at a c]ta9 p]iod ( ?is progress1 ! judgm5t itself comes to be *ang$ respect+ ! moral aspect ( ! de$4 ,!re is /ill ano!r m5tal condition to be m5tion$ 9 connexion ) ?is subject2 9 :i* ! h>mony ( ! moral feel+s may be de/roy$1 )\t ! action foll[+4 ,?is takes places :5 ! incl9ation is *]i%$1 z 9 ! =m] case1 9 opposition to ! indications ( consci5ce2 :ile ! action is oppos$ by "s inf]ior motives1--z a reg>d to reputation or int]e/4 ,! de$ may ?us be prev5t$1 & ! int]e/s ( society may b5efit by ! diff]5ce2 b1 s f> z reg>ds ! individual himself1 ! disruption ( moral h>mony is ! same2 & 8 moral aspect mu/ be simil> 9 ! eye ( ! ,almighty ,"o1 :o reg>ds n ! outw>d appe>ance alone1 b :o looke? into ! he>t4 ,9 ?is mann] x may v (t5 happ51 t /rong inducem5ts to vice are resi/$ f motives ref]r+ m]ely to heal?1 or to "*4 ,b ?is is n to ov]come temptation1--x is only to balance "o selfi% feel+ aga9/ ano!r4 ,,iii4 ,f ! /ate ( m9d :i* has n[ be5 ref]r$ to1 !re gradually results a ,moral ,habit4 ,?is is a m5tal condition1 9 :i* a desire or an affection1 repeat$ly act$ ^u1 is1 aft] ea* repetition1 act$ ^u ) less & less ef=t1--&1 on ! o!r h&1 a tru? or moral pr9ciple1 :i* has be5 repeat$ly pass$ ov] )\t adequate att5tion1 aft] e su* act makes less & less impression1 until at l5g? x ceases to ex]t any influ5ce ov] ! moral feel+s or ! conduct4 ,i _h occasion to illu/rate ?is rem>kable pr9ciple 9 ano!r po9t ( view1 :5 treat+ ( ! connexion betwe5 ! emotions ( sympa?y & b5evol5ce1 & ! conduct :i* naturally arises out ( !m4 ,?is conduct at fir/ may require a c]ta9 ef=t1 & is accompani$ by a /rong feel+ ( ! emotion :i* leads to x4 ,b1 aft] ea* repetition1 ! acts g on ) less feel+ ( ! emotion1 & less ref]5ce to ! pr9ciple f :i* !y spr+1 :ile !re is progressively =m+ ! habit ( active b5evol5ce4 ,x is precisely ! same ) habits ( vice4 ,at fir/ a de$ requires an ef=t1--& a p[]ful conte/ ) moral pr9ciples1 & x is spe$ily foll[$ by t feel+ ( regret1 to :i* sup]ficial obs]v]s give ! "n ( rep5tance4 ,?is is ! voice ( consci5ce1 b its p[] is m & m dim9i%$ aft] ea* repetition ( ! de$2--ev5 ! judgm5t becomes p]v]t$ respect+ ! fir/ great pr9ciples ( moral rectitude2 & acts1 :i* at fir/ occasion$ a viol5t conflict1 are gone into )\t remorse1 or almo/ )\t p]ception ( _! moral aspect4 ,a man 9 ?is situation may /ill reta9 ! k ( tru?s & pr9ciples :i* at "o "t ex]t$ an influ5ce ov] 8 conduct2 b !y are n[ matt]s ( memory alone4 ,_! p[] z moral causes is gone1 & ev5 ! judgm5t is alt]$ respect+ _! moral t5d5cies4 ,he views !m n[ p]haps z ! sup]/itions ( ! vulg>1 or ! prejudices ( a contract$ education2 & rejoices1 x may be1 9 8 emancipation f _! au?ority4 ,he kn[s n1--= he has n ! moral p]ception n[ to "k1 t he has be5 pursu+ a d[nw>d c\rse1 & t ! issue1 on :i* he congratulates himself1 consi/s 9 8 la/ degradation z a moral be+4 ,ev5 9 ?is /ate ( moral de/itution1 inde$1 ! same w>n+ pr9ciple may /ill raise its voice1--unhe$$ b n subdu$1--repell$ z an enemy1 n admitt$ z a fri5dly monitor & guide4 ,i h n ! smalle/ influ5ce ov] ,"l ,byron1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 writes "o ( ! *os5 fri5ds ( t di/+ui%$ individual1--if ,i _h1 ,i c]ta9ly %\ld employ x to eradicate f 8 great m9d ! delusions ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i*1 9 spite ( 8 reason1 seem p]petually to recur1 & to lay 9 ambu% = ! h\rs ( sickness & di/ress4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k :at ! p>ticul> impressions 71 f :i* ?is sympa?iz+ fri5d 0 anxi\s to rescue ! poet4 ,!y 7 probably ! sugge/ions ( a p[] )91 :i*1 9 c]ta9 seasons ( reflection1 compell$ 8 att5tion 9 spite ( 8 attempts to reason aga9/ x1--plead+ ) au?ority = a pres5t ,deity1 & a life to come4 ,! pr9ciple ( ,habit1 !re=e1 holds a mo/ important place 9 ! moral condition ( e man2 & x applies equally to any species ( conduct1 or any tra9 ( m5tal op]ations1 :i*1 by frequ5t repetition1 h become s famili>1 z n to be accompani$ by a recognition ( ! pr9ciples 9 :i* !y orig9at$4 ,9 ?is mann] good habits are cont9u$ )\t any imm$iate s5se ( ! "r pr9ciples by :i* !y 7 =m$2 b !y arose f a frequ5t & uni=m act+ ^u ^! pr9ciples1 & on ?is is f\nd$ ! moral approbation :i* we atta* to habits ( ?is description4 ,9 ! same mann]1 habits ( vice1 & habits ( inatt5tion to any class ( duties1 are p]petuat$ )\t a s5se ( ! pr9ciples & affections :i* !y violate2 b ?is arose f a frequ5t violation ( ^! pr9ciples1 & a frequ5t repulsion ( ^! affections1 until !y gradually lo/ _! p[] ov] ! conduct2 & 9 ?is consi/s ! guilt ( habits4 ,?us1 "o p]son acquires habits ( b5evol5ce1 v]acity1 & k9dness1--( m9ute att5tion to 8 v>i\s duties1--( correct m5tal discipl9e1--& active direction ( 8 ?\ghts to all ^? objects ( att5tion :i* ought to engage a well regulat$ m9d3--,ano!r s9ks into habits ( li/less vacuity or frivolity ( m9d1--( vici\s indulg5ce & contract$ selfi%ness1--( neglect ( important duties1 disreg>d to ! feel+s ( o!rs1 & total indiff]5ce to all ^? consid]ations & pursuits :i* claim ! highe/ reg>d ( e responsible be+2 & ! /rik+ fact is1 t1 aft] a c]ta9 p]iod1 all ?is may g on )\t a feel+ t aught is wrong ei!r 9 ! moral condition1 or ! /ate ( m5tal discipl9e2 su* is ! p[] ( a moral habit4 ,! important tru?1 !re=e1 is des]v+ ( ! deepe/ & mo/ habitual att5tion1 t "* consi/s 9 a great measure 9 habits1 & t habits arise out ( individual actions & individual op]ations ( ! m9d4 ,h5ce ! importance ( c>efully weigh+ e action ( our lives1 & e tra9 ( ?\ght t we enc\rage 9 our m9ds2 = we nev] c det]m9e ! effect ( a s+le act1 or a s+le m5tal process1 9 giv+ t influ5ce to ! "*1 or to ! moral condition1 ! result ( :i* %all be decisive & p]man5t4 ,9 ! :ole hi/ory ( habits1 inde$1 we see a wondr\s display ( t rem>kable ord] ( sequ5ces :i* has be5 e/abli%$ 9 our m5tal con/itution1 & by :i* e man becomes1 9 an important s5se1 ! ma/] ( 8 own moral de/9y4 ,= ea* act ( virtue t5ds to make him m virtu\s2 & ea* act ( vice gives new /r5g? to an influ5ce )91 :i* w c]ta9ly r5d] him m m vici\s4 ,^! consid]ations h a practical t5d5cy ( ! utmo/ int]e/4 ,9 subdu+ habits ( an injuri\s "*1 ! laws ( m5tal sequ5ces1 :i* h n[ be5 ref]r$ to1 mu/ be c>efully act$ ^u4 ,:5 ! judgm5t1 influ5c$ by ! indications ( consci5ce1 is conv9c$ ( ! injuri\s nature ( ! habit1 ! att5tion mu/ be /eadily & habitually direct$ to ! tru?s :i* produc$ ?is impression4 ,!re w ?us arise desire to be deliv]$ f ! habit1--or1 9 o!r words1 to cultivate ! c\rse ( action t is oppos$ to x4 ,?is desire1 be+ *]i%$ 9 ! m9d1 is !n made to be> ^u e individual case 9 :i* a prop5sity is felt t[>ds p>ticul> actions1 or p>ticul> m5tal processes1 ref]able to ! habit4 ,! new incl9ation is at fir/ act$ ^u ) an ef=t1 b1 aft] e in/ance ( success1 less ef=t is requir$1 until at l5g? ! new c\rse ( action is confirm$1 & ov]p[]s ! habit to :i* x 0 oppos$4 ,b t ?is result may take place1 x is necess>y t ! m5tal process be foll[$1 9 ! mann] di/9ctly indicat$ by ! philosophy ( ! moral feel+s2 = if ?is is n att5d$ to1 ! expect$ effect may n foll[1 ev5 "u circum/ances :i* appe>1 at fir/ sight1 mo/ likely to produce x4 ,on ?is pr9ciple we are to expla9 ! fact1 t bad habits may be long susp5d$ by "s p[]ful extr9sic influ5ce1 :ile !y are 9 no degree brok54 ,?us1 a p]son addict$ to intemp]ance w b9d himself by an oa? to ab/a91 = a c]ta9 "t1 f intoxicat+ liquors4 ,9 an in/ance :i* has be5 relat$ to me1 an individual "u ?is process obs]v$ ! mo/ rigid sobriety = five ye>s1 b 0 f\nd 9 a /ate ( intoxication ! v day aft] ! p]iod ( ab/95ce expir$4 ,9 su* a case1 ! habit is susp5d$ by ! m]e influ5ce ( ! oa?2 b ! desire cont9ues unsubdu$1 & resumes all its =m] p[] :5ev] ?is artificial re/ra9t is )drawn4 ,! effect is ! same z if ! man _h be5 9 conf9em5t dur+ ! p]iod1 or _h be5 kept f 8 fav\rite indulg5ce by "s o!r re/ra9t entirely ( an ext]nal k9d2 ! gratification 0 prev5t$1 b 8 moral nature cont9u$ un*ang$4 ,^! pr9ciples may be confid5tly /at$ z facts 9 ! moral con/itution ( man1 *all5g+ ! ass5t ( e c&id obs]v] ( human nature4 ,sev]al conclusions seem to arise out ( !m1 ( ! utmo/ practical importance4 ,we p]ceive1 9 ! fir/ place1 a /ate :i* ! m9d may atta91 9 :i* !re is su* a disruption ( its moral h>mony1 t no p[] appeals 9 ! m9d itself capable ( re/or+ x to a heal?y condition4 ,?is important fact 9 ! philosophy ( human nature has be5 cle>ly recognis$1 f ! e>lie/ ages1 on ! m]e pr9ciples ( human sci5ce4 ,x is di/9ctly /at$ by ,ari/otle 9 8 ,nicoma*ean ,e?ics1 :]e he draws a /rik+ comp>ison betwe5 a man :o1 be+ fir/ misl$ by sophi/ical reason+s1 has gone into a life ( voluptu\sness1 "u an impression t he 0 do+ no wrong1--& "o :o has foll[$ ! same c\rse 9 opposition to 8 own moral convictions4 ,! =m] he cont5ds might be reclaim$ by argum5t2 b ! latt] he consid]s z incurable4 ,9 su* a /ate ( m9d1 !re=e1 x foll[s1 by an induction :i* _c be controv]t$1 ei!r t ! evil is irrem$iable & hopeless1 or t we mu/ look = a p[] f )\t ! m9d :i* may af=d an adequate rem$y4 ,we are ?us l$ to p]ceive ! adaptation & ! probability ( ! provisions ( ,*ri/ianity1 :]e an influ5ce is inde$ disclos$ to u1 capable ( re/or+ ! h>mony :i* has be5 lo/1 & rais+ man anew to 8 place z a moral be+4 ,we _c hesitate to believe t ! ,p[]1 :o fram$ ! wondr\s fabric1 may ?us hold int]c\rse ) x1 & r$eem x f disord] & ru94 ,on ! contr>y1 x accords ) ! highe/ conceptions we c =m ( ! b5evol5ce ( ! ,deity1 t he %\ld ?us look ^u 8 creatures 9 _! h\r ( ne$2 & ! sy/em disclos+ su* communication appe>s1 ^u e pr9ciple ( s\nd philosophy1 to be "o ( h>mony1 consi/5cy1 & tru?4 ,! subject1 !re=e1 leads our att5tion to t inw>d *ange1 s (t5 ! sc(f ( ! pr(ane1 b to :i* s prom95t a place is assign$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s1 9 :i* a man is said to be creat$ anew by a p[] f ,heav51 & elevat$ 9 8 :ole views & feel+s z a moral be+4 ,s\nd philosophy tea*es u1 t !re is a /ate 9 :i* no?+ less ?an su* a complete trans=mation c re/ore ! man to a heal?y moral condition1 & t1 = produc+ x1 no?+ w avail b an influ5ce f )\t ! m9d1--a might & a p[] f ! same ,almighty ,"o :o orig9ally fram$ x4 ,philosophy tea*es1 9 ! cle>e/ mann]1 t a portion ( mank9d require su* a trans=mation2 ,*ri/ianity in=ms u t x is requir$ by all4 ,:5 ! inductions ( sci5ce & ! dictates ( revelation h>monize to ?is ext5t1 :o %all d>e to ass]t t ! latt] are n tru?4 ,:o1 t places himself 9 ! pres5ce ( a be+ ( inf9ite purity1 w say1 he requires n su* a *ange2 or t1 = ! production ( x1 he ne$s no ag5cy1 beyond ! res\rces ( 8 own m9d4 ,if none be f\nd :o is entitl$ to believe he =ms ! exception1 we are =c$ into ! ackn[l$gem5t ( ! tru?1 s p[]fully impress$ ^u u 9 ! sacr$ writ+s1 t1 9 ! eye ( ! ,almighty ,"o1 no man 9 himself is righte\s2 & t 8 own p[] avails n = re/or+ him to a /ate ( moral purity4 ,f ! :ole ( ?is inquiry1 we see ! deep influ5ce ( habits1 & ! fe>ful p[] :i* !y may acquire ov] ! :ole moral sy/em2 consid]ations ( ! highe/ practical int]e/ to ^? :o w\ld prev5t ! =mation ( habits ( an injuri\s nature1 or :o1 feel+ _! influ5ce1 /rive to be deliv]$ f !m4 ,!re is inde$ a po9t 9 ?is d[nw>d c\rse1 :]e ! habit has acquir$ undisput$ p[]1 & ! :ole moral feel+s yield to x unresi/+ submission4 ,peace may !n be )91 b t peace is ! /illness ( dea?2 &1 unless a voice f heav5 %all wake ! dead1 ! moral be+ is lo/4 ,b1 9 ! progress t[>ds ?is fe>ful issue1 !re maybe a tumult1 & a conte/1 & a /rife1 & ! voice ( consci5ce may /ill comm& a c]ta9 att5tion to its w>n+s4 ,:ile !re are ^! indications ( life1 !re is yet hope ( ! man2 b on ea* mom5t is n[ susp5d$ 8 moral exi/5ce4 ,let him retire f ! influ5ce ( ext]nal ?+s2 & li/5 to t voice )91 :i*1 ?\gh (t5 unhe$$1 /ill pleads = ,god4 ,let him call to aid ^? high tru?s :i* relate to ! pres5ce & inspection ( ?is be+ ( inf9ite purity1 & ! solemnities ( a life :i* is to come4 ,above all1 let him look up 9 humble supplication to t pure & holy ,"o1 :o is ! witness ( ?is w>f>e1--:o w reg>d x ) compassion1 & imp>t 8 p[]ful aid4 ,b let him n presumptu\sly rely on ?is aid1 z if ! victory 7 already secur$4 ,! conte/ is b begun2 & !re mu/ be a cont9u$ ef=t1 & unceas+ wat*fulness1--a habitual direction ( ! att5tion to ^? tru?s :i*1 z moral causes1 are calculat$ to act ^u ! m9d1--& a con/ant reliance ^u ! p[] f on high :i* is felt to be real & indisp5sable4 ,) all ?is provision1 8 progress may be sl[2 = ! oppos+ pr9ciple1 & ! influ5ce ( e/abli%$ moral habits1 may be felt cont5d+ = _! =m] dom9ion2 b by ea* advantage t is a*iev$ ov] !m1 _! p[] w be brok51 & f9ally de/roy$4 ,n[ 9 all ?is conte/ t[>ds ! purity ( ! moral be+1 ea* /ep is no less a process ( ! m9d itself ?an ! d[nw>d c\rse by :i* x 0 prec$$4 ,x consi/s 9 a surr5d] ( ! w to ! sugge/ions ( consci5ce1 & a habitual direction ( ! att5tion to ^? tru?s :i* are calculat$ to act ^u ! moral volitions4 ,9 ?is c\rse1 ! man feels t he is au?oriz$ to look = a might & an influ5ce n 8 own4 ,?is is no imag9>y or my/]i\s impression1 :i* "o may fancy t he feels1 & !n pass on cont5t$ ) ! vision2 b a p[] :i* acts ?r\gh ! heal?y op]ations ( 8 own m9d2 x is 9 8 own e>ne/ ex]tions1 z a rational be+1 to regulate ^! op]ations1 t he is enc\rag$ to expect its communication2 & x is 9 feel+ ^! assum+ ! *>act]s ( moral heal?1 t he has ! pro( ( its actual pres5ce4 ,& :]e is ! improbability t ! pure & holy ,"o1 :o fram$ ! wondr\s moral be+1 may ?us hold int]c\rse ) x1 & imp>t an influ5ce 9 its h\r ( deepe/ ne$4 ,accord+ to ! utmo/ ( our conceptions1 x is ! highe/ ( 8 works1--= he has end[$ x ) ! p[] ( ris+ to ! contemplation ( himself1 & ) ! capacity ( aspir+ to ! imitation ( 8 own moral p]fections4 ,we _c1 = a mom5t1 d\bt1 t 8 eye mu/ rea* its inmo/ movem5ts1 & t all its emotions1 & desires1 & volitions1 are expos$ to 8 view4 ,we mu/ believe t he looks ) displeasure :5 he p]ceives !m w&]+ f himself2 & contemplates ) approbation ! conte/1 :5 ! _s /rives to ?r[ (f its moral bondage1 & to fight its way upw>ds to a con=mity to 8 w4 ,^u e pr9ciple ( s\nd philosophy1 all ?is mu/ be op5 to 8 inspection2 & we c p]ceive no?+ oppos$ to ! s\nde/ inductions ( reason 9 ! belief1 t he %\ld imp>t an influ5ce to ! feeble be+ 9 ?is high design1 & conduct him to its accompli%m5t4 ,9 all ?is1 9 fact1 !re is s little improbability1 t we f9d x impossible to suppose x c\ld be o!rwise4 ,we f9d x impossible to believe1 t su* a m5tal process c\ld g on )\t ! k ( him ^: pres5ce is 9 e place1--or t1 look+ ^u x1 he %\ld want ei!r ! p[] or ! will+ness to imp>t 8 effectual aid4 ,b1 indep5d5tly ( our conviction ( an actual communication f ! ,deity1 !re is a p[] 9 ! m9d itself1 :i* is calculat$ to draw d[n ^u x an influ5ce ( ! mo/ effici5t k9d4 ,?is is produc$ by ! m5tal process :i* we call ,fai?3 & x may be illu/rat$ by an impression :i* _m mu/ h exp]i5c$4 ,let u suppose t we h a fri5d ( exalt$ intellig5ce & virtue1 :o has (t5 ex]cis$ ov] u a comm&+ influ5ce1--re/ra9+ u f pursuits to :i* we felt an incl9ation1--excit+ u to virtu\s conduct1--& elevat+1 by 8 int]c\rse ) u1 our impressions ( a "* on :i* we wi%$ to =m our own4 ,let u suppose t we are remov$ to a di/ance f ?is fri5d1 & t circum/ances ( difficulty or dang] occur1 9 :i* we feel ! want ( a guide & c\nsellor4 ,9 ! reflections :i* ! situation naturally gives rise to1 ! image ( our fri5d is br\ght be=e u2 an influ5ce is convey$ analog\s to t :i* 0 (t5 produc$ by 8 pres5ce & 8 c\nsel2--& we feel z if he 7 actually pres5t1 to t5d] 8 advice & wat* our conduct4 ,h[ mu* w\ld ?is impression be increas$1 c\ld we f>!r ent]ta9 ! ?\ght1 t ?is abs5t fri5d 0 able1 9 "s way1 to communicate ) u1 s f> z to be aw>e ( our pres5t circum/ances1 & to p]ceive our ef=ts to recall ! influ5ce ( 8 "* ^u our own4--,su* is ! int]c\rse ( ! s\l ) ,god4--,e movem5t ( ! m9d is kn[n to him2 8 eye is pres5t ) x1 :51 9 any situation ( duty1 di/ress1 or m5tal discipl9e1 ! man1 "u ?is ex]cise ( fai?1 realizes ! pres5ce & "* ( ! ,deity1 & solemnly inquires h[1 9 ! p>ticul> in/ance1 8 moral feel+s & 8 conduct w appe> 9 ! eye ( him :o see? 9 secret4 ,?is is no vision ( ! imag9ation1 b a fact support$ by e pr9ciple ( s\nd reason1--! influ5ce :i* a man br+s d[n ^u himself1 :51 by an ef=t ( 8 own m9d1 he ?us places himself 9 ! imm$iate pres5ce ( ! ,almighty4 ,! man :o does s 9 e decision ( life is he :o lives by fai?2--&1 :e!r we reg>d ! inductions ( reason1 or ! dictates ( sacr$ tru?1 su* a man is taught to expect an influ5ce great] & m effectual /ill4 ,?is is a p[] imm$iately f ,god1 :i* %all be to him direction 9 e d\bt1--light 9 e d>kness1--/r5g? 9 8 utmo/ weakness1--& com=t 9 all di/ress2--a p[] :i* %all be> ^u all ! pr9ciples ( 8 moral nature1 :5 he c>ries on ! mighty conflict ( br++ e desire & e volition "u a con=mity to ! div9e w4 ,we aga9 haz>d ) confid5ce ! ass]tion1 t 9 all ?is !re is no improbability2--b t1 on ! contr>y1 ! improbability is entirely on ! o!r side1--9 suppos+ t any su* m5tal process c\ld take place1 )\t ! k & ! int]position ( t incompreh5sible ,"o1 ^: eye is ^u all 8 works4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,pr9ciple1 ,,or ,,consci5ce4 ,!re has be5 mu* dispute respect+ ! nature & ev5 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,moral ,pr9ciple1 z a di/9ct elem5t ( our m5tal con/itution2 b ?is controv]sy may probably be consid]$ z alli$ to o!r speculations ( a metaphysical nature1 9 reg>d to :i* a k9d ( evid5ce 0 s\ght ( :i* ! subjects are n susceptible4 ,)\t argu+ respect+ ! propriety ( speak+ ( a sep>ate p[] or pr9ciple1 we simply cont5d = ! fact1 t !re is a m5tal ex]cise1 by :i* we feel c]ta9 actions to be "r & c]ta9 o!rs wrong4 ,x is an elem5t or a movem5t ( our moral nature :i* admits ( no analysis1 & no explanation2 & is ref]able to no o!r pr9ciple ?an a simple recognition ( ! fact1 :i* =ces itself ^u ! conviction ( e man :o looks into ! processes ( 8 own m9d4 ,( ! exi/5ce & ! nature ( ?is mo/ important pr9ciple1 !re=e1 ! evid5ce is entirely )94 ,we appeal to ! consci\sness ( e man1 t he p]ceives a p[] :i*1 9 p>ticul> cases1 w>ns him ( ! conduct :i* he ought to pursue1 & adm9i/]s a solemn admonition :5 he has dep>t$ f x4 ,=1 :ile 8 judgm5t conveys to him an impression1 bo? ( ! t5d5cies & c]ta9 ( ! qualities ( actions1 he has1 besides ?is1 a feel+ by :i* he views ! actions ) approbation or disapprobation1 9 ref]5ce purely to _! moral aspect1 & )\t any reg>d to _! consequ5ces4 ,:5 we ref] to ! sacr$ writ+s1 we f9d ! pr9ciple ( consci5ce repres5t$ z a p[] ( su* importance1--t1 )\t any acquir$ k1 or any actual precepts1 x is suffici5t to e/abli%1 9 e man1 su* an impression ( 8 duty z leaves him )\t excuse 9 ! neglect ( x3--,= :5 ! ,g5tiles1 :i* h n ! law1 d by nature ! ?+s conta9$ 9 ! law1 ^!1 hav+ n ! law1 are a law unto !mselves2 :i* %ew ! "w ( ! law writt5 9 _! he>ts1 !n consci5ce also be>+ witness1 & _! ?\ghts ! mean:ile accus+ or else excus+ "o ano!r4 ,we ev5 f9d a p[] assign$ to ! decisions ( consci5ce1 diff]+ 9 ext5t only1 b n 9 k9d1 f ! judgm5t ( ! ,almighty2--,if our he>t condemn u1 ,god is great] ?an our he>t1 & kn[e? all ?+s4 ,! prov9ce ( consci5ce !n appe>s to be1 to convey to man a c]ta9 conviction ( :at is morally "r & wrong1 9 reg>d to conduct 9 individual cases1--& to ! g5]al ex]cise ( ! desires or affections4 ,?is x does indep5d5tly ( any acquir$ k1 & )\t ref]5ce to any o!r /&>d ( duty4 ,x does1 s1 by a rule ( "r :i* x c>ries )9 itself1--& by apply+ ?is to ! prim>y moral feel+s1 t is1 ! desires & affections1 s z to indicate among !m a j & heal?y balance t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,! desires direct u to c]ta9 gratifications :i* we feel to be wor?y ( acquirem5t1 & ! affections lead u to a c]ta9 c\rse ( conduct :i* we feel to be agreeable to ourselves1 or useful to o!rs4 ,b1 to act "u ! influ5ce ( consci5ce is to p]=m actions1 simply because we feel !m to be "r1 & to ab/a9 f o!rs1 simply because we feel !m to be wrong1--)\t reg>d to any o!r impression1 or to ! consequ5ces ( ! actions ei!r to ourselves or o!rs4 ,he1 :o on ?is pr9ciple p]=ms an action1 ?\gh x may be highly disagreeable to him1 or ab/a9s f ano!r ?\gh x may be highly desirable1 is a consci5ti\s man4 ,su* a man1 "u ! influ5ce ( habit1 comes to act m & m easily "u ! sugge/ions ( consci5ce1 & to be m & m set free f e feel+ & prop5sity t is oppos$ to x4 ,consci5ce seems !re=e to hold a place among ! moral p[]s1 analog\s to t :i* reason holds among ! intellectual2--&1 :5 we view x 9 ?is relation1 !re appe>s a beautiful h>mony p]vad+ ! :ole economy ( ! m9d4 ,by c]ta9 intellectual op]ations1 man acquires ! k ( a s]ies ( facts1--he rememb]s !m1--he sep>ates & classifies !m1--& =ms !m into new comb9ations4 ,b1 ) ! mo/ active ex]cise ( all ^! op]ations1 8 m9d might pres5t an accumulation ( facts1 )\t ord]1 h>mony1 or utility2--)\t any pr9ciple ( comb9ation1 or comb9$ only 9 ^? fanta/ic & extravagant =ms :i* appe> 9 ! conceptions ( ! maniac4 ,x is ,reason t r$uces ! :ole into ord] & h>mony1--by comp>+1 di/+ui%+1 & trac+ _! true analogies & relations1--& !n by d$uc+ tru?s z conclusions f ! :ole4 ,x is 9 ?is mann] p>ticul>ly1 t a man acquires a k ( ! uni=m actions ( bodies on ea* o!r1--&1 confid+ 9 ! uni=mity ( ^! actions1 le>ns to direct 8 means to ! ends :i* he has 9 view4 ,he kn[s also 8 own relations to o!r s5ti5t be+s1--& adapts 8 conduct to !m1 accord+ to ! circum/ances 9 :i* he is plac$1--! p]sons ) :om he is connect$1--& ! objects :i* he wi%es to accompli%4 ,he le>ns to accommodate 8 measures to new circum/ances z !y arise1--& ?us is guid$ & direct$ ?r\gh 8 physical relations4 ,:5 reason is susp5d$1 all ?is h>mony is de/roy$4 ,! visions ( ! m9d are act$ ^u z facts2 ?+s are comb9$ into fanta/ic =ms1 entirely ap>t f _! true relations2--conduct is widely at v>iance ) :at circum/ances require2--ends are attempt$ by means :i* h no relation to !m2--& ! ends !mselves are equally at v>iance ) ^? :i* are suitable to ! circum/ances ( ! individual4 ,su* is ! maniac1 :om accord+ly we %ut up1 to prev5t him f be+ dang]\s to ! public2--= he has be5 kn[n to mi/ake s rem>kably ! relation ( ?+s1 & ! conduct adapt$ to 8 circum/ances1 z to murd] 8 mo/ valuable fri5d1 or 8 own helpless infant4 ,9 all ?is process !re is a /rik+ analogy to c]ta9 conditions ( ! moral feel+s1 & to ! control :i* is ex]cis$ ov] !m by ! pr9ciple ( ,consci5ce4 ,by self-love1 a man is l$ to seek 8 own gratification or advantage2--& ! desires direct him to c]ta9 objects by :i* ^! prop5sities may be gratifi$4 ,b ! affections c>ry =? 8 views to o!r m5 ) :om he is connect$ by v>i\s relations1 & to ! (fices ( ju/ice1 v]acity1 & b5evol5ce1 :i* arise out ( !m4 ,consci5ce is ! regulat+ p[]1 :i*1 act+ ^u ! desires & affections1 z reason does ^u a s]ies ( facts1 pres]ves among !m h>mony & ord]4 ,x does s by repress+ ! prop5sity ( selfi%ness1 & rem9d+ ! man ( ! true relation betwe5 reg>d to 8 own int]e/ & ! duties he owes to o!r m54 ,x regulates 8 s5ses & pursuits1 by c>ry+ 8 views beyond pres5t feel+s & pres5t gratifications1 to future times & future consequ5ces1--& by rais+ 8 att5tion to 8 relation to ! great moral ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se4 ,he ?us le>ns to adapt 8 conduct & pursuits1 n to pres5t & transi5t feel+s1 b to an ext5d$ view ( 8 great & true int]e/s z a moral be+4 ,su* is consci5ce1--/ill1 l reason1 po9t+ out ! moral ends a man ought to pursue1 & guid+ him 9 ! means by :i* he ought to pursue !m2--& ! man does n act 9 con=mity ) ! con/itution ( 8 nature1 :o does n yield to consci5ce ! supremacy & direction ov] all 8 o!r feel+s & pr9ciples ( action4 ,b ! analogy does n /op "h2--= we c also trace a condition 9 :i* ?is controll+ influ5ce ( consci5ce is susp5d$ or lo/4 ,i =m]ly endeav\r$ to trace ! mann] 9 :i* ?is d]angem5t arises1 & h n[ only to allude to its influ5ce on ! h>mony ( ! moral feel+s4 ,self-love deg5]ates into l[ selfi% gratification3 ! desires are indulg$ )\t any o!r re/ra9t ?an t :i* arises f a m]e selfi% pr9ciple1--z a reg>d to heal?1 p]haps 9 "s degree to reputation2 ! affections are ex]cis$ only 9 s f> z simil> pr9ciples impose a c]ta9 degree ( att5tion to !m3 pres5t & mom5t>y impulses are act$ ^u1 )\t any reg>d to future results3 conduct is adapt$ to pres5t gratification1 )\t ! p]ception ei!r ( its moral aspect1 or its consequ5ces to ! man himself z a responsible be+2 & )\t reg>d to ! means by :i* ^! feel+s are gratifi$4 ,9 all ?is violation ( moral h>mony1 !re is no d]angem5t ( ! ord9>y ex]cise ( judgm5t4 ,9 ! mo/ rem>kable example t c be furni%$ by ! hi/ory ( human depravity1 ! man may be z acute z ev] 9 ! details ( bus9ess or ! pursuits ( sci5ce4 ,!re is no dim9ution ( 8 s\nd e/imate ( physical relations1--= ?is is ! prov9ce ( reason4 ,b !re is a total d]angem5t ( 8 s5se & approbation ( moral relations1--= ?is is consci5ce4 ,su* a condition ( m9d1 !n1 appe>s to be1 9 ref]5ce to ! moral feel+s1 :at insanity is 9 reg>d to ! intellectual4 ,! intellectual maniac fancies himself a k+1 surr\nd$ by e =m ( e>?ly spl5d\r1--& ?is halluc9ation is n correct$ ev5 by ! sight ( 8 b$ ( /raw & all ! horrors ( 8 cell4 ,! moral maniac pursues 8 way1 & ?9ks himself a wise & a happy man3--- b feels n t he is tread+ a d[nw>d c\rse1 & is lo/ z a moral be+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! prec$+ obs]vations respect+ ! moral pr9ciple or consci5ce1 ,i h allud$ *iefly to its influ5ce 9 pres]v+ a c]ta9 h>mony among ! o!r feel+s1--9 regulat+ ! desires by ! indications ( moral purity1--& pres5t+ self-love f int]f]+ ) ! duties & affections :i* we owe to o!r m54 ,b !re is ano!r & a mo/ important purpose :i* is answ]$ by ?is faculty1 & t is to make u acqua9t$ ) ! moral attributes ( ! ,deity4 ,9 /rict philosophical language we ought p]haps to say1 t ?is high purpose is accompli%$ by a comb9$ op]ation ( consci5ce & reason2 b1 h[ev] ?is may be1 ! process appeals cle> & intelligible 9 its nature1 & fully adapt$ to ! end n[ assign$ to x4 ,f a simple ex]cise ( m9d1 direct$ to ! great ph5om5a ( nature1 we acquire ! k ( a ,fir/ ,cause1--a be+ ( inf9ite p[] & inf9ite wisdom2 & ?is conclusion is impress$ ^u u 9 a peculi> mann]1 :51 f our own bodily & m5tal end[m5ts1 we inf] ! attributes ( him :o fram$ u3--he t plant$ ! e>1 says a sacr$ writ]1 %all he n he>2--he t =m$ ! eye1 %all he n see2--he t tea*e? man k1 %all n he "k8 ,:5 we trace backw>ds a s]ies ( f9ite yet intellig5t be+s1 we mu/ arrive at "o ( two conclusions3--,we mu/ ei!r trace ! s]ies ?r\gh an inf9ite & et]nal succession ( f9ite be+s1 ea* ! cause ( ! "o :i* succe$$ x2--or we mu/ ref] ! comm5cem5t ( ! s]ies to "o great intellig5t be+1 himself uncaus$1 inf9ite1 & et]nal4 ,to trace ! s]ies to "o be+1 f9ite1 yet uncaus$1 is totally inadmissible2 & n less s is ! conception ( f9ite be+s 9 an inf9ite & et]nal s]ies4 ,! belief ( "o inf9ite be+1 self-exi/5t & et]nal1 is1 !re=e1 ! only conclusion at :i* we c arrive1 z pres5t+ any *>act]s ( cr$ibility or tru?4 ,! sup]9t5d+ c>e1 ! goodness1 & b5evol5ce ( ! ,deity1 we le>n1 ) a feel+ ( equal c]ta9ty1 f ! ample provision he has made = supply+ ! wants & m9i/]+ to ! com=t ( all ! creatures :om he has made4 ,?is "p ( ! argum5t1 also1 is 9 ! cle>e/ mann] insi/$ ^u 9 ! sacr$ writ+s2 :5 ! apo/le ,paul1 9 call+ ^u ! p ( ,ly/ra to wor%ip ! true ,god1 :o made heav5 & e>?1 adds1 z a s\rce ( k f :i* !y ought to le>n 8 "*2--he left n himself )\t a witness1 9 t he did good1 & gave u ra9 f heav5 & fruitful seasons1 fill+ our he>ts ) food & gladness4 ,a be+1 ?us end[$ ) inf9ite p[]1 wisdom1 & goodness1 we _c conceive to exi/ )\t moral feel+s2 &1 by a process equally obvi\s1 we arrive at a di/9ct k ( ^!1 :51 f ! moral p]ceptions ( our own m9ds1 we inf] ! moral attributes ( him :o ?us =m$ u4 ,we h c]ta9 impressions ( ju/ice1 v]acity1 compassion1 & moral purity1 9 reg>d to our own conduct1--we h a di/9ct approbation ( ^! qualities 9 o!rs1--& we atta* a feel+ ( disapprobation to ! infr+em5t ( !m4 ,by a simple /ep ( reason+1 :i* conveys an impression ( absolute conviction1 we conclude1 t he1 :o =m$ u ) ^! feel+s1 possesses1 9 8 own "*1 correspond+ moral attributes1 :i*1 :ile !y resemble 9 k9d1 mu/ inf9itely exce$ 9 degree1 ^? qualities 9 ! wise/ & ! be/ ( m54 ,9 our actual obs]vation ( mank9d1 we p]ceive ^! attributes impair$ 9 _! ex]cise by human weakness1 di/ort$ by human passion1--& imp$$ 9 _! op]ation by p]sonal wants1 p]sonal feel+s1 & selfi% int]e/s4 ,b1 ap>t f su* det]iorat+ causes1 we h a c]ta9 ab/ract idea ( ! full & p]fect ex]cise ( ^? qualities2 & x is 9 ?is pure & p]fect =m t we ascribe !m to ! ,almighty4 ,9 him1 !y c be imp$$ by no weakness1--di/ort$ by no passion1 & impair$ 9 _! op]ation by no p]sonal int]e/4 ,we !re=e conclude him to be p]fect 9 ! ex]cise ( all ^! moral attributes1 & to take ! mo/ rigid e/imate ( any infr+em5t ( !m by man3--?is is :at we call ! hol9ess ( ,god4 ,ev5 ! man1 :o has himself dep>t$ f moral rectitude1 /ill feels a p[] )91 :i* po9ts ) irresi/ible =ce to :at is purity1 & fixes ^u him a conviction t ,god is pure4 ,:5 we view su* a ,be+1 ap>t f any inf]ior creature1 all seems h>mony & consi/5cy2--we h only to contemplate him z high & holy1 & enjoy+ p]fect happ9ess 9 8 own spotless attributes4 ,b1 :5 we view him 9 relation to man 9 a /ate ( moral discipl9e1 &1 9 t /ate1 ta9t$ deeply ) moral evil1 a difficulty arises ( an appall+ magnitude4 ,!re is ample scope n[1 we p]ceive1 = ! ex]cise ( 8 hol9ess1 v]acity1 & ju/ice2 & he appeals 9 sublime & t]rible maje/y1 9 8 exalt$ "* z a moral gov]nor4 ,b1 amid su* a display1 !re is an obvi\s int]ruption to ! ex]cise ( compassion1--especially 9 t ess5tial dep>tm5t ( x1--m]cy or =giv5ess4 ,?is attribute may be ex]cis$ )\t re/ra9t by an individual1 :]e 8 own int]e/s alone are conc]n$1 because 9 him x involves only a sacrifice ( self-love4 ,b =giv5ess 9 a moral gov]nor ei!r implies an actual *ange ( purpose1 or supposes a =m] decision to h be5 made )\t suffici5t k (1 or due att5tion to1 all ! facts by :i* he ought to h be5 influ5c$2--x d5otes ei!r undue rig\r 9 ! law1 or ignorance or inatt5tion 9 him :o adm9i/]s x1 & x may v (t5 int]f]e ) ! ess5tial requisites ( ju/ice4 ,b1 9 a moral gov]nor ( inf9ite p]fection1 !re c be nei!r ignorance ( facts nor *ange ( purpose2--! requirem5ts ( 8 ju/ice mu/ /& un%ak52 & 8 law1 writt5 on ! he>ts ( all 8 rational creatures1 mu/ be upheld1 9 ! face ( ! univ]se1 z holy1 & j1 & good4 ,is1 !n1 ! ex]cise ( m]cy to be exclud$ f our conception ( ! div9e "*1--& is !re no =giv5ess ) ,god4--,! s\nde/ inductions ( philosophy1 appli$ to ! actual /ate ( man1 br+ u to ?is mom5t\s "q2 b ! highe/ ef=ts ( human sci5ce fail to answ] x4 ,x is 9 ?is our utmo/ ne$1 t we are met by ! dictates ( revelation1 & are call$ to humble ! pride ( our reason be=e t display ( ! h>mony & integrity ( ! div9e "*4 ,we !re le>n ! tru?s1 f> beyond ! inductions ( human sci5ce1 & ! utmo/ conceptions ( human ?\ght1--t an atonem5t is made1 a sacrifice (f]$2--& t ! ex]cise ( =giv5ess is consi/5t ) ! p]fections ( ! ,deity4 ,?us1 by a process ( ! m9d itself1 :i* seems to pres5t e elem5t ( fair & logical reason+1 we arrive at a full conviction ( ! necessity1 & ! moral probability1 ( t tru? :i* =ms ! great peculi>ity ( ! ,*ri/ian revelation4 ,m ?an any o!r 9 ! :ole circle ( religi\s belief x rises above ! inductions ( sci5ce1 :ile reason1 9 its s\nde/ conclusions1 recognises its probability1 & receives its tru?2 & x /&s =? alone1 simply propos$ to our belief1 & (f]$ to our acceptance1 on t high b peculi> evid5ce by :i* is support$ ! te/imony ( ,god4 ,! tru? ( ^! consid]ations is impress$ ^u u 9 ! /range/ mann]1 :5 we turn our att5tion to ! actual moral condition ( mank9d4 ,:5 we contemplate man1 z he is display$ to u by ! s\nde/ inductions ( philosophy1--8 capacity = di/+ui%+ tru? f falsehood1 & evil f good2 ! feel+s & affections :i* b9d him to 8 fell[ m51 & ! p[]s :i* enable him to rise to int]c\rse ) ,god3--:5 we consid] ! p[]1 :i* sits among 8 o!r pr9ciples & feel+s1 z a fai?ful monitor & guide1 c>ry+ 9 itself a rule ( rectitude )\t any o!r k1 & a "r to gov]n )\t ref]5ce to any o!r au?ority2 we behold a fabric complete & h>moni\s 9 all its p>ts1 & em95tly wor?y ( its ,almighty ,mak]2--we behold an ample provision = peace1 & ord]1 & h>mony1 9 ! :ole moral _w4 ,b1 :5 we comp>e ) ^! inductions ! actual /ate ( man1 z display$ to u 9 ! page ( hi/ory1 & 9 our own daily obs]vation1 ! conviction is =c$ ^u u1 t "s mighty *ange has tak5 place 9 ?is beaute\s sy/em1 "s m>vell\s disruption ( its moral h>mony4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ?is condition arose1--or ! orig9 ( moral evil "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,god1 is a "q entirely beyond ! rea* ( ! human faculties4--,x is "o ( ^?1 h[ev]1 on :i* x is simply our duty to keep 9 m9d1 t our bus9ess is1 n ) ! explanation1 b ) ! facts2--=1 ev5 by ! conclusions ( philosophy1 we are compell$ to believe1 t man has fall5 f 8 high e/ate1--& t a pe/il5ce has gone abroad ov] ! face ( ! moral creation4 ,9 arriv+ at ?is conclusion1 x is n ) ! inductions ( moral sci5ce alone1 t we comp>e or contra/ ! actual /ate ( man4 ,= "o bright example has appe>$ 9 our _w1 9 :om 0 exhibit$ human nature 9 its highe/ /ate ( ord] & h>mony4 ,9 reg>d to ! mighty purposes :i* he came to accompli%1 inde$1 philosophy fails u1 & we are call$ to submit ! inductions ( our reason to ! te/imony ( ,god4 ,b1 :5 we contemplate 8 :ole "* purely z a matt] ( hi/orical tru?1--! conviction is =c$ ^u u1 t ?is 0 ! highe/ /ate ( man2--& ! inductions ( true sci5ce h>monize ) ! impression ( ! ,roman ,c5turion1 :51 on witness+ ! conclusion ( ! e>?ly suff]+s ( ! ,messiah1 he exclaim$--truly ?is 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 we endeav\r to trace ! mann]1 9 :i* mank9d h dep>t$ s widely f ?is high patt]n1 we arrive at moral ph5om5a ( :i* we c (f] no explanation4 ,b an inquiry ( mu* great] importance is to m>k ! process by :i*1 9 individual in/ances1 consci5ce ceases to be ! regulat+ pr9ciple ( ! "*2 & ?is is a simple & legitimate object ( philosophical obs]vation4 ,!re _c1 inde$1 be an inquiry ( m int5se & solemn int]e/1 ?an to trace ! *a9 ( sequ5ces :i* has be5 e/abli%$ 9 ! m9d ( man z a moral be+4 ,we c view x only z a matt] ( fact1 )\t be+ able to ref] x to any o!r pr9ciple ?an ! w ( ,him :o fram$ u2--b ! facts :i* are be=e u claim ! s]i\s att5tion ( e man1 :o w\ld cultivate t mo/ important ( all pursuits1--! k ( 8 own moral condition4 ,! fact to :i* ,i *iefly allude is a c]ta9 relation1 =m]ly ref]r$ to1 betwe5 ! tru?s :i* are calculat$ to act ^u u z moral causes1 & ! m5tal emotions :i* ought to result f !m2--& betwe5 ^! emotions & a c]ta9 conduct :i* !y t5d to produce4 ,if ! due h>mony betwe5 ^! be c>efully cultivat$1 ! result is a s\nd moral condition2 b by e in/ance 9 :i* ?is h>mony is violat$1 a morbid influ5ce is introduc$1 :i* ga9s /r5g? 9 ea* succe$+ volition1 & c>ries disord] ?r\gh ! moral economy4 ,we h =m]ly illu/rat$ ?is important moral process1 by ! relation betwe5 ! emotion ( compassion1 & ! conduct :i* ought to arise f x4 ,if ?is t5d5cy ( ! emotion be dilig5tly cultivat$1 ! result is ! habit ( active b5evol5ce2--b1 if ! emotion be violat$1 its influ5ce is progressively dim9i%$1 & a "* is produc$ ( cold & b>r5 selfi%ness4 ,a simil> *a9 ( sequ5ces is to be obs]v$ respect+ ! op]ation ( ^? great tru?s1 :i*1 "u ! regulat+ p[] ( consci5ce1 are calculat$ to act z moral causes 9 our m5tal economy2--we may take1 = example1 ! tru?s relat+ to ! "* & p]fections ( ! ,deity1 & ! influ5ce :i* ^! ought to produce ^u e rational be+4 ,we h se5 ! k :i* we d]ive f ! light ( nature respect+ ! attributes ( ,god1 :51 f 8 works ar\nd u1 we discov] him z a be+ ( inf9ite p[]1 wisdom1 & goodness2 & :51 f ! moral impressions ( our own m9ds1 we inf] 8 p]fections z a moral ,gov]nor ( inf9ite hol9ess1 ju/ice1 & tru?4 ,by a prop] direction ( ! m9d to ! tru?s :i* are ?us convey$ to u respect+ ! ,deity1 !re w\ld naturally arise a correspond+ *a9 ( emotions ( :i* he is ! object4 ,^! are a s5se ( v5]ation t[>ds him1 z inf9itely great1 wise1 & p[]ful1--( love & ?ankfulness1 z inf9itely good1--& ( habitual reg>d to 8 au?ority & w1 z a moral gov]nor ( purity & ju/ice1 & z requir+ a correspond+ "* 9 all 8 creatures4 ,a close & con/ant relation ought to be pres]v$ betwe5 ^! tru?s & ^! emotions1 & on ?is dep5ds ! moral h>mony ( ! m9d4 ,! pres]vation ( ?is h>mony1 aga91 is intimately connect$ ) a m5tal process :i* e man feels to be volunt>y1--or 9 8 p[] to p]=m1 if he wills4 ,x consi/s 9 a c>eful direction ( ! m9d to su* tru?s1 s z to enable !m to act z moral causes 9 ! m5tal economy3--by ! e/abli%$ ord] ( moral sequ5ces1 ! emotions naturally foll[3--^! are !n to be *]i%$ ) satisfaction & rev]5ce2 & a correspond+ influ5ce ^u ! "* & conduct is ! f>!r consequ5ce4 ,b ! fir/ /ep 9 ?is important process may be neglect$2--! m9d may n be direct$ ) due c>e to ! tru?s :i* ?us claim its highe/ reg>d1--& ! natural result is a correspond+ defici5cy 9 ! emotions & conduct :i* ought to fl[ f !m4 ,?is w be ! case 9 a /ill high] degree1 if !re has be5 =m$ any actual d]angem5t ( ! moral condition1--if de$s h be5 committ$1 or ev5 desires *]i%$1 & m5tal habits acquir$1 by :i* ! indications ( consci5ce h be5 violat$4 ,! moral h>mony ( ! m9d is !n lo/1 &1 h[ev] slight may be ! fir/ impression1 a morbid influ5ce has begun to op]ate 9 ! m5tal economy1 :i* t5ds gradually to ga9 /r5g?1 until x becomes a rul+ pr9ciple 9 ! :ole "*4 ,! tru?s connect$ ) ! div9e p]fections are n[ nei!r invit$ nor *]i%$1 b are felt to be intrud]s :i* di/urb ! m5tal tranquillity4 ,! att5tion ceases to be direct$ to !m1 & ! correspond+ emotions vani% f ! m9d4 ,su* appe>s to be ! moral hi/ory ( ^?1 :o1 9 ! /rik+ language ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 d n l to reta9 ,god 9 _! k4 ,:5 ! h>mony ( ! m9d has be5 impair$ to ?is ext5t1 ano!r m5tal condition arises1 accord+ to ! wondr\s sy/em ( moral sequ5ces4 ,?is consi/s 9 a di/ortion ( ! und]/&+ itself1 reg>d+ ! fir/ great pr9ciples ( moral tru?4 ,=1 a fe>less contemplation ( ! tru?1 respect+ ! div9e p]fections1 hav+ become inconsi/5t ) ! moral condition ( ! m9d1 !re next arises a desire to discov] a view ( !m m 9 accordance ) its own feel+s4 ,?is is foll[$1 9 due c\rse1 by a correspond+ tra9 ( its own speculations2 & ^!1 by a m9d s prep>$1 are receiv$ z tru?4 ,! inv5tions ( ! m9d itself ?us become ! regulat+ pr9ciples ( its emotions1 & ?is m5tal process1 advanc+ f /ep to /ep1 t]m9ates 9 moral degradation & an>*y4 ,no?+ c be m /rik+ ?an ! mann] 9 :i* ^! great pr9ciples ( e?ical sci5ce are laid d[n 9 ! sacr$ writ+s2--! invisible ?+s ( him f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made1 ev5 8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead1 s t !y are )\t excuse3 ,because t1 :5 !y knew ,god1 !y glorifi$ him n z ,god1 nei!r 7 ?ankful2 b became va9 9 _! imag9ations1 & _! fooli% he>t 0 d>k5$4 ,pr(ess+ !mselves to be wise1 !y became fools2 & *ang$ ! glory ( ! uncorruptible ,god into an image made l to corruptible man1 & to birds1 & f\r-foot$ bea/s1 & creep+ ?+s4--,& ev5 z !y did n l to reta9 ,god 9 _! k1 ,god gave !m ov] to a reprobate m9d1 to d ^? ?+s :i* are n conv5i5t4 ,! v>i\s /eps1 9 ?is c\rse ( moral degradation1 are "h repres5t$ z a judicial infliction by ! ,deity4 ,b ?is solemn view ( ! subject is 9 no degree inconsi/5t ) ! pr9ciple1 t x takes place accord+ to a *a9 ( sequ5ces exi/+ 9 ! m9d itself4 ,= ! ,almighty ,"o1 :o is said to inflict z a judgm5t ?is /ate ( moral ru91 is ! same :o e/abli%$ x z ! uni=m result ( a process 9 ! m5tal economy1 to be trac$ 9 ! hi/ory ( e man :o has foll[$ ! d[nw>d c\rse :i* l$ him a/ray f virtue4 ,to ! pr9ciples :i* h n[ be5 /at$1 we are also to ref] a po9t 9 ! philosophy ( human nature :i* pres5ts a subject ( mo/ int]e/+ reflection4 ,i allude to ! fact1 t ! great tru?s ( religi\s belief are s (t5 reject$1 by m5 :o h acquir$ a reputation = exalt$ p[]s ( und]/&+ 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( intellectual inquiry4 ,! fact is "o ( int5se int]e/2 & we c sc>cely wond] t sup]ficial obs]v]s %\ld h d$uc$ f x an impression1 t x implies some?+ defective 9 ! evid5ce by :i* ^! tru?s are propos$ to our reception4 ,b ! conclusion is entirely unw>rant$1 & ! important pr9ciple _c be too (t5 repeat$1 t ! atta9m5t ( tru? 9 moral inquiries is ess5tially connect$ ) ! moral condition ( ! inquir]4 ,on ?is dep5ds ! anxi\s c>e ) :i* he has direct$ 8 m9d to ! high pursuit1 "u a deep & solemn feel+ ( its supreme importance4 ,on ?is dep5ds ! s9c]e & humble & c&id love ( tru? ) :i* he has conduct$ x1 ap>t alike f prejudice & frivolity4 ,= )\t ^! ess5tial elem5ts ( "*1 ! mo/ exalt$ intellect may fail ( rea*+ ! tru?1--! mo/ acute und]/&+ may only w&] into delusion & falsehood4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e conclud+ ?is subject1 !re is ano!r po9t :i* des]ves to be allud$ to2--namely1 ! influ5ce produc$ ^u all our moral judgm5ts & decisions by ,att5tion4 ,?is important process ( ! m9d we h _h occasion to m5tion 9 v>i\s p>ts ( our inquiry4 ,x consi/s1 z we h se51 9 direct+ ! ?\ghts1 calmly & delib]ately1 to all ! facts & consid]ations by :i* we ought to be influ5c$ 9 ! p>ticul> case :i* is "u our view2 & x %\ld be accompani$ by an anxi\s & s9c]e desire to be guid$1 bo? 9 our op9ions & conduct1 by ! true & relative t5d5cy ( ea* ( !m4 ,x is a volunt>y process ( ! m9d :i* e man has ! p[] to p]=m2 & on ! degree 9 :i* x is habitually ex]cis$1 dep5d "s ( ! great diff]5ces betwe5 "o man & ano!r 9 _! moral condition4 ,we h repeat$ly _h occasion to m5tion t morbid /ate ( ! m9d1 9 :i* moral causes seem to h lo/ _! prop] influ5ce1 bo? on ! volitions ( ! w1 & ev5 on ! conclusions ( ! judgm5t3--,b x is a tru? :i* _c be too (t5 ref]r$ to1 h[ mu* ?is condition is influ5c$ by ! m5tal process :i* we are n[ consid]+4 ,x orig9ates1 inde$1 9 "s degree ( t di/ortion ( moral feel+1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! incl9ations w&] f ! /rict pa? ( rectitude2--b ! prim>y effect ( ?is loss ( m5tal h>mony1 & t by :i* x is p]petuat$1 appe>s to be *iefly a habitual misdirection ( ! att5tion1--or a total want ( consid]ation ( ! tru?s & motives1 by :i* ! moral judgm5ts & decisions ought to be influ5c$4 ,ap>t f ?is condition ( ! m9d1 inde$1 !re is reason to believe1 t ! actual diff]5ces 9 moral judgm5t are 9 diff]5t m5 less ?an we are apt to imag9e4 ,let any hone/ man1 says ,butl]1 be=e he engages 9 any c\rse ( action1 ask himself1--is ?is ,i am go+ to d "r1 or is x wrong1--is x good1 or is x evil3--,i d n 9 ! lea/ d\bt b t ^! que/ions w\ld be answ]$ agreeably to tru? & virtue1 by almo/ any fair man 9 almo/ any circum/ances4 ,x is 9 a great measure f ! want ( ?is simple ex]cise ( att5tion1 or ( :at 9 common language we call calm reflection1 t m5 are l$ away1 by passion1 prejudice1 & di/ort$ moral habits1 into c\rses ( action :i* _! own sob] judgm5t w\ld condemn2--& :5 a man1 :o has ?us dep>t$ f rectitude1 beg9s to retrace 8 way1 ! fir/ great po9t is t :]e he pauses 9 8 d[nw>d c>e]1 & s]i\sly proposes to himself ! "q1 :e!r ! c\rse he has foll[$ be wor?y ( a moral be+4 ,i allude n "h to ! means by :i* a man is l$ to take ?is mom5t\s /ep 9 8 moral hi/ory1 b only to ! m5tal process ( :i* x consi/s4 ,x is prim>ily no?+ m ?an an ex]cise ( att5tion1 calmly & delib]ately direct$ to ! tru?s & consid]ations by :i* 8 moral decisions ought to be influ5c$2 b1 :5 a man has once be5 br\ght into ?is attitude ( deep & s]i\s ?\ght1 consci5ce comes to be> its "p 9 ! solemn process2 & ! inquir] is likely to arrive at j conclusions on ^? great que/ions ( :i* he feels ! importance to 8 moral condition4 ,x is on ! pr9ciples n[ ref]r$ to1 t1 accord+ to a doctr9e :i* has be5 (t5 & ke5ly controv]t$1 we hold a man to be responsible = 8 belief4 ,! /ate ( m9d :i* con/itutes belief is1 inde$1 "o ov] :i* ! w has no direct p[]4 ,b belief dep5ds ^u evid5ce2--! result ( ev5 ! be/ evid5ce is entirely dep5dant on att5tion2--& att5tion is a volunt>y intellectual /ate ov] :i* we h a direct & absolute control4 ,z x is1 !re=e1 by prolong$ & cont9u$ att5tion t evid5ce produces belief1 a man may incur ! deepe/ guilt by 8 disbelief ( tru?s :i* he has fail$ to exam9e ) ! c>e :i* is due to !m4 ,?is ex]cise is entirely "u ! control ( ! w2 b ! w to ex]cise x respect+ moral tru? is closely connect$ ) ! love ( t tru?2 & ?is is intimately dep5d5t on ! /ate ( moral feel+ ( ! m9d4 ,x is ?us t a man's moral condition influ5ces ! conclusions ( 8 judgm5t2--& x is ?us1 t on ! great que/ions ( moral tru?1 !re may be guilt atta*$ to a process ( ! und]/&+1 :ile !re is bo? guilt & moral degradation 9 t m5tal condition f :i* x spr+s4 ,a simil> relation exi/s1 z 0 =m]ly /at$1 betwe5 all our moral emotions1 & processes :i* are felt to be entirely volunt>y4 ,^! emotions are1 prop]ly speak+1 n ! objects ( volition1 nor d !y arise directly at our bidd+2 b1 accord+ to ! con/itution ( ! m9d1 !y are ! natural or e/abli%$ result ( c]ta9 intellectual processes1 &1 9 "s s5se1 ev5 ( bodily action1 bo? ( :i* are entirely volunt>y4 ,! emotions ( compassion & b5evol5ce1 = example1 are ! natural result ( ! sight or ev5 ! description ( sc5es ( di/ress2 & ! prim>y /eps 9 ?is process are entirely )9 our p[] to p]=m1 if we w4 ,we c visit ! afflict$ family1 li/5 to _! tale ( di/ress1 & consid] _! circum/ances1--t is1 give our att5tion to !m 9 su* a mann] t ! natural & prop] effect may be produc$ ^u our moral feel+s4 ,we c give ! same k9d ( att5tion1 & ) a simil> result1 to a case :i* is only describ$ to u by ano!r2 or we may neglect all ?is m5tal process4 ,engross$ ) ! bus9ess or ! frivolities ( life1 we may keep ourselves at a di/ance f ! p]sons & ! sc5es t might op]ate 9 ?is mann] on our moral feel+s2--we may refuse to li/5 to ! tale ( sorr[1 or1 if compell$ to he> x1 we may give x little att5tion & no consid]ation4 ,! moral feel+ does n foll[1 & ?is c\rse1 aft] a c]ta9 repetition1 t]m9ates 9 confirm$ & b>r5 selfi%ness4 ,we see _m in/ances 9 :i* we di/9ctly recognise ?is c\rse ( m5tal or moral sequ5ce4 ,if1 9 reg>d to a p>ticul> case ( di/ress1 = example1 we h come to a delib]ate conviction ( ! wor?lessness ( ! individual1 & h det]m9$ to )hold our aid1 we refuse to see him1 & we decl9e he>+ f ano!r any ?+ m ( 8 hi/ory2--we say1 we h made up our m9d n to all[ our compassion to be any m work$ ^u 9 8 fav\r4 ,we ?us recognise ! natural relation betwe5 ! sight or ev5 ! description ( di/ress1 & ! production ( c]ta9 feel+s 9 ourselves3--& we recognise also ! legitimate means = prev5t+ ?is influ5ce 9 c]ta9 cases1 9 :i*1 by a delib]ate act ( judgm5t1 we h det]m9$ aga9/ hav+ ^! feel+s excit$4 ,if1 not)/&+ ?is det]m9ation1 we happ5 to be br\ght )9 ! influ5ce ( ! di/ress :i* we wi%$ to avoid1 we consid] ?is z a suffici5t gr\nd = act+1 9 ! in/ance1 aga9/ our sob] judgm5t4 ,we _h det]m9$ aga9/ x1 we say1 b :at c y d :5 y see p />v+4 ,we ?us recognise z legitimate t process by :i*1 9 c]ta9 cases1 we keep ourselves beyond ?is influ5ce2 b we atta* no feel+ ( approbation to ! moral condition ( him :o1 be+ subject$ to ! influ5ce1 c resi/ x2 t is1 :o c really come into contact ) di/ress1 & %ut 8 he>t aga9/ x4 ,& ev5 ) reg>d to ! c\rse :i* we "h recognise z legitimate1 mu* caution is requir$1 be=e we all[ a process ( ! judgm5t to int]f]e ) ! natural & heal?y c\rse ( ! moral feel+s4 ,if ! int]f]5ce arises1 n f a s\nd process ( ! und]/&+1 b f a c\rse 9 :i* selfi%ness be>s a consid]able "p1 an injuri\s influ5ce ^u ! moral condition ( ! m9d is ! necess>y consequ5ce4 ,we ?us p]ceive t1 9 ! *a9 ( sequ5ces relat+ to ! b5evol5t feel+s1 !re are ?ree di/9ct /eps1--two ( :i* are entirely "u ! control ( ! w4 ,a man has x entirely 9 8 p[] to place himself 9 contact ) objects ( di/ress1 & to foll[ out ! call ( duty 9 consid]+ _! circum/ances1 & ent]+ into _! feel+s4 ,! natural result is a tra9 ( emotions :i* arise 9 8 own m9d1 prompt+ him to a p>ticul> l9e ( conduct4 ,to act ^u ^! emotions is aga9 "u ! p[] ( 8 w2 & if ! :ole ( ?is *a9 ( sequ5ces be duly foll[$1 ! result is a s\nd condition ( ?is "p ( ! moral economy4 ,if ei!r ( ! volunt>y /eps be neglect$ or violat$1 ! m5tal h>mony is lo/1 & a habit is =m$ ( unfeel+ selfi%ness4 ,! pr9ciple1 :i* has ?us be5 illu/rat$ by ! b5evol5t affections1 is equally true ( our o!r moral emotions4 ,^! emotions are closely connect$ ) c]ta9 tru?s1 :i* are calculat$ to give use to !m1 accord+ to ! con/itution ( our moral economy4 ,n[1 ! c>eful acquisition ( ! k ( ^! tru?s1 & a s]i\s direction ( ! att5tion to _! t5d5cies1 are intellectual processes :i* are z mu* "u ! p[] ( our w1 z are ! acts ( visit+ & giv+ att5tion to sc5es ( di/ress2 & ! due cultivation ( !m involves an equal degree ( moral responsibility4 ,?is aga9 is connect$ ) ! rem>kable p[] :i* we possess ov] ! succession ( our ?\ghts4 ,we c direct ! m9d into a p>ticul> tra92 we c cont9ue x & dwell ^u x ) calm & delib]ate att5tion1 s t ! tru?s1 :i* x br+s be=e u1 may produce _! natural & prop] effect on our moral feel+s4 ,! emotions ?us excit$ lead to a c]ta9 l9e ( conduct1 :i* also is volunt>y2 & on ! due cultivation ( ?is *a9 ( sequ5ces dep5ds a heal?y moral condition4 ,b we may neglect ^? p>ts ( ! sequ5ce :i* are "u ! control ( our w4 ,we may ab/a9 f direct+ our att5tion to su* tru?s2 we may view !m 9 a slight1 frivol\s1 or di/ort$ mann]1 or we may dismiss !m altoge!r2 & if any degree ( ! emotions %\ld be excit$1 we may make no ef=t t[>ds ! cultivation ( ! conduct to :i* !y w\ld lead u4 ,! due cultivation ( ?is p[] ov] ! succession ( our ?\ghts1 is t :i* con/itutes "o ( ! great diff]5ces betwe5 "o man & ano!r1 bo? z intellectual & moral be+s2--&1 ?\gh correct moral emotions are n prop]ly ! objects ( volition1 x is ?us t a man may incur ! deepe/ moral guilt 9 ! want ( !m4 ,! subject also leads to conclusions ( ! greate/ importance respect+ ! pr9ciples on :i* we ought to conduct religi\s in/ruction1 p>ticul>ly 9 reg>d to ! cultivation ( religi\s emotions4 ,x rem9ds u ( ! important law ( our nature1 t all true cultivation ( religi\s emotion mu/ be f\nd$ ^u a s\nd culture ( ! und]/&+ 9 ! k ( religi\s tru?1 & a c>eful direction ( ! p[]s ( reason+ & judg+1 bo? to its evid5ces & its t5d5cies4 ,all impulse t does n arise 9 ?is mann] c be no?+ m ?an an artificial excitem5t ( feel+1 widely diff]5t f ! emotion ( a regulat$ m9d4 ,su* a sy/em g5]ates wild en?usiasm2--& ! pr9ciple is ( peculi> & ess5tial importance 9 ! education ( ! "y4 ,9 !n susceptible m9ds religi\s emotion is easily produc$1 &1 by a p>ticul> managem5t1 may be fo/]$ = a "t4 ,b ^? :o h be5 tra9$ 9 ?is mann] are little qualifi$ to meet ! collisions ( active life1 & we ne$ n wond] if !y %\ld make %ipwreck ( a fai? :i* has n be5 f\nd$ 9 k4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( ! ,moral ,pr9ciple1 !re are two po9ts closely connect$ ) x :i* rema9 to be notic$4 ,! "o relates to ! orig9 & immutability ( moral di/9ctions1 &1 9 connexion ) ?is1 a class ( speculations :i* hold a conspicu\s place 9 ! hi/ory ( ,e?ical sci5ce1 "u ! "n ( ,!ories ( ,morals4 ,! o!r ref]s to a c]ta9 h>mony or pr9ciple ( arrangem5t1 :i* ! diff]5t moral feel+s ought to pres]ve t[>ds ea* o!r 9 a well-regulat$ m9d4 ,sec4 ,i4--,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,immutability ,,( ,,moral ,,di/9ctions ,,& ,,!ories ,,( ,,morals4 ,9 treat+ ( ! moral p[]s1 ,i h consid]$ v>i\s feel+s z di/9ct p>ts ( our con/itution1 ea* int5d$ to answ] a specific purpose 9 ! pres5t sc5e ( moral discipl9e4 ,i am aw>e ( an objection t may be urg$ aga9/ ?is mode ( view+ ! subject1--namely1 t x is an unnecess>y multiplication ( orig9al pr9ciples4 ,i am n incl9$ to dispute respect+ ! t]m1 orig9al pr9ciples4 ,i only cont5d = ! fact1 t !re are c]ta9 feel+s or prop5sities :i* are f\nd to op]ate 9 ! :ole ( mank9d2 &1 ) reg>d to ^!1 ,i consid] our object to be1 simply to view man z he is4 ,9 8 physical relations1 we f9d him end[$ ) a v>iety ( s5ses1 & a great v>iety ( bodily functions1--ea* adapt$ to its prop] purpose1 & all di/9ct f ea* o!r2 & ! physiologi/ is cont5t to view !m simply z !y are4 ,7 he to ex]cise 8 +5uity ^u !m1 he might cont5d ) mu* plausibility1 t x is highly incorrect to speak ( five di/9ct & sep>ate s5ses2--= t !y are all m]ely modifications ( s5sation1 diff]+ only 9 ! v>i\s k9ds ( ! ext]nal impression4 ,?us1 :at is vulg>ly call$ sight is ! simple s5sation ( light1--& he>+ is m]ely ! s5sation ( s\nd4 ,?is w\ld be all v true1--b x does n appe> to elucidate ! subject2 nor1 by any +5uity ( su* speculation1 c\ld we be enabl$ to "k m conc]n+ ^! s5ses ?an :5 we call$ !m sight & he>+4 ,9 ! same mann] x w\ld appe>1 t ! c\rse ( inquiry1 respect+ our moral feel+s1 is simply to obs]ve :at ^! feel+s really are1 & :at are _! obvi\s t5d5cies4 ,:5 we h done s on adequate f\ndation1 ,i conceive we h e reason = consid]+ !m z pr9ciples implant$ 9 u by ! ,creator1 = guidance 9 our pres5t relations2 &1 l ! functions ( our bodies1 s ! p[]s & feel+s ( our m9ds %ew a wond]ful adaptation & design1 wor?y ( _! ,omnipot5t ,cause4 ,b we c "k no?+ ( !m beyond ! facts1--& no?+ is to be ga9$ by any attempt1 h[ev] +5i\s1 to simplify or expla9 !m4 ,we h =m]ly _h occasion to allude to v>i\s speculations ( a simil> "*1 respect+ ! p[]s ( p]ception & simple intellect1--all ( :i* h n[ giv5 way be=e ! g5]al admission ( ! tru?1 t1 on ! que/ions to :i* !y ref]1 no human sagacity c c>ry u "o /ep beyond ! simple k ( ! facts4 ,x w probably be admitt$1 t !re h be5 _m simil> unpr(itable speculations 9 ! philosophy ( ! moral feel+s2 & t ^! speculations1 in/ead ( ?r[+ any light ^u ! subject1 h t5d$ r to )draw ! att5tion ( inquir]s f ! que/ions ( deep & s]i\s importance connect$ ) ! inve/igation4 ,among ^!1 p]haps1 we may reckon "s ( ! doctr9es :i* hold a prom95t place 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is bran* ( sci5ce1--"u ! "n ( ,!ories ( ,morals4 ,^! doctr9es agree 9 admitt+ ! fact1 t !re are among mank9d c]ta9 notions respect+ "r & wrong1--moral & immoral actions2 & !y !n pr(ess to acc\nt = ^! impressions1--or to expla9 h[ m5 come to ?9k "o action "r & ano!r wrong4 ,a brief view ( ^! !ories may prop]ly belong to an outl9e ( ?is dep>tm5t ( sci5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 contemplat+ ! conduct ( m5 z plac$ 9 c]ta9 relations t[>ds ea* o!r1 we p]ceive "s actions :i* we pron\nce to be "r1 & o!rs :i* we pron\nce to be wrong4 ,9 =m+ our op9ion ( !m 9 ?is mann]1 we ref] to ! int5tions ( ! actor1 &1 if we are satisfi$ t he really int5d$ :at we see to be ! effect or ! t5d5cy ( 8 conduct1 or ev5 t he purpos$ some?+ :i* he 0 prev5t$ f accompli%+1 we view him ) feel+s ( moral approbation or disapprobation1--or1 9 o!r words1 apply to him ! aw>d ( praise or blame4 ,su* is our simple idea ( virtue or vice1 z appli$ ei!r to ! act or ! ag5t4 ,we h a conviction t !re is a l9e ( conduct to :i* ourselves & o!rs are b\nd by a c]ta9 k9d ( obligation2--a dep>ture f ?is con/itutes moral dem]it or vice2--a correct obs]vance ( x con/itutes virtue4 ,?is appe>s to be our prim>y impression ( vice & virtue4 ,! next "q is1 :at is ! orig9 ( ! impression1 or on :at gr\nd is x t we conclude c]ta9 actions to be "r & o!rs wrong4 ,is x m]ely f a view ( _! consequ5ces to ourselves or o!rs2 or d we proce$ ^u an absolute conviction ( c]ta9 conduct be+ "r1 & c]ta9 o!r wrong1 )\t c>ry+ ! m9d f>!r ?an ! simple act1 or ! simple int5tion ( ! actor1--)\t any consid]ation ( ! effects or ! t5d5cies ( ! action4 ,?is is ! "q :i* has be5 s ke5ly agitat$ 9 ! speculations ( ,e?ical sci5ce1 namely1 respect+ ! orig9 & nature ( moral di/9ctions4 ,on ! "o h&1 x is cont5d$1 t ^! moral impressions are 9 !mselves immutable1 & t an absolute conviction ( _! immutability is fix$ ^u u 9 t "p ( our con/itution :i* we call ,consci5ce1 9 o!r words1 !re is a c]ta9 conduct to :i* we are b\nd by a feel+ ( obligation1 ap>t f all o!r consid]ations :atev]1 & we h an impression t a dep>ture f ?is 9 ourselves or o!rs con/itutes vice4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is ma9ta9$1 t ^! di/9ctions are entirely arbitr>y1 or arise out ( circum/ances1 s t :at is vice 9 "o case may be virtue 9 ano!r4 ,^? :o h adopt$ ! latt] hypo!sis h next to expla91 :at ! circum/ances are :i* give rise1 9 ?is mann]1 to our impressions ( vice & virtue1 moral approbation or disapprobation4 ,! v>i\s modes ( expla9+ ?is impression h l$ to ! ,!ories ( ,morals4 ,! sy/em ( ,m&eville ascribes our impressions ( moral rectitude entirely to ! enactm5ts ( legislators4 ,man1 he says1 naturally seeks only 8 own gratification1 )\t any reg>d to ! happ9ess ( o!r m54 ,b legislators f\nd t x w\ld be necess>y to induce him1 9 "s way1 to surr5d] a position ( 8 p]sonal gratification = ! good ( o!rs1 & s to promote ! peace & h>mony ( society4 ,to accompli% ?is ) su* a selfi% be+1 x 0 necess>y to give him "s equival5t = ! sacrifice he ?us made2 & ! pr9ciple ( 8 nature :i* !y fix$ ^u1 = ?is purpose1 0 8 love ( praise4 ,!y made c]ta9 laws = ! g5]al good1 & !n flatt]$ mank9d into ! belief t x 0 praisewor?y to obs]ve !m1 & noble to sacrifice a c]ta9 degree ( _! own gratification = ! good ( o!rs4 ,:at we call virtue ?us resolves itself into ! love ( praise4 ,9 reg>d to su* a sy/em z ?is1 x has be5 ?\ght suffici5t to po9t out ! di/9ction betwe5 ! immutable pr9ciples ( morality & ^? arrangem5ts :i* are dep5d5t ^u m]e enactm5t4 ,su* are _m ( ! regulations & re/rictions ( comm]ce4 ,!y are int5d$ = ! public good1 &1 :ile !y are 9 =ce1 x is ! duty ( e good citiz5 to obey !m4 ,a *ange ( ! law1 h[ev]1 *anges _! "*1 = !y possess 9 !mselves none ( ! qualities ( m]it or dem]it4 ,b no laws c alt]1 & no /atutes modify1 ^? great pr9ciples ( moral conduct :i* are grav$ indelibly on ! consci5ce ( all classes ( m54 ,k+s1 x has be5 said1 may make laws1 b _c create a virtue4 ,by ano!r modification ( ?is sy/em1 our impressions ( virtue & vice are said to be d]iv$ entirely f mutual compact4 ,m51 f9d+ t !re 0 a c]ta9 c\rse ( action :i* w\ld contribute to _! mutual advantage1 & vice v]sa1 ent]$ into an agreem5t to obs]ve c]ta9 conduct1 & ab/a9 f c]ta9 o!r4 ,! violation ( ?is compact con/itut$ vice1 ! obs]vance ( x virtue4 ,by a !ory1 support$ by "s em95t m51 z ,cl>k & ,wolla/on1 virtue 0 consid]$ to dep5d on a con=mity ( ! conduct to a c]ta9 s5se ( ! fitness ( ?+s1--or ! tru? ( ?+s4 ,! mean+ ( ?is1 x mu/ be confess$1 is r obscure4 ,x h[ev] evid5tly ref]s ! ess5ce ( virtue to a relation p]ceiv$ by a process ( reason2 & !re=e may be held z at v>iance ) ! belief ( ! impression be+ univ]sal4 ,accord+ to ! ,!ory ( ,utility1 z w>mly support$ by ,mr4 ,hume1 we e/imate ! virtue ( an action & an ag5t entirely by _! usefulness4 ,he seems to ref] all our m5tal impressions to two pr9ciples1 reason & ta/e4 ,reason gives u simply ! k ( tru? or falsehood1 & is no motive ( action4 ,ta/e gives an impression ( pleasure or pa91--s con/itutes happ9ess or mis]y1 & becomes a motive ( action4 ,to ?is he ref]s our impressions ( beauty & de=mity1 vice & virtue4 ,he has1 accord+ly1 di/9ctly ass]t$ t ! words "r & wrong signify no?+ m ?an sweet or s\r1 pleasant or pa9ful1 be+ only effects ^u ! m9d ( ! spectator produc$ by ! contemplation ( c]ta9 conduct1--& ?is1 z we h already se51 resolves itself into ! impression ( its usefulness4 ,an obvi\s objection to ! sy/em ( utility 01 t x might be appli$ to ! effects ( inanimate matt] z correctly z to ! de$s ( a volunt>y ag5t4 ,a pr9t+-press or a /eam-eng9e might be z m]itori\s z a man ( ext5sive virtue4 ,to obviate ?is1 ,mr4 ,hume 0 driv5 to a di/9ction1 :i* 9 fact am\nt$ to giv+ up ! doctr9e1 namely1 t ! s5se ( utility mu/ be comb9$ ) a feel+ ( approbation4 ,?is leads u back to ! previ\s "q1 on :at ?is feel+ ( approbation is f\nd$1 & at once recognises a pr9ciple1 di/9ct f ! m]e p]ception ( utility4 ,virtu\s conduct may inde$ always contribute to g5]al utility1 or g5]al happ9ess1 b ?is is an effect only1 n ! cause or ! pr9ciple :i* con/itutes x virtu\s4 ,?is important di/9ction has be5 well /at$ by ,pr(essor ,mills ( ,ox=d4 ,he def9es morality to be1--an ob$i5ce to ! law & con/itution ( man's nature1 assign$ him by ! ,deity 9 con=mity to 8 own ess5tial & un*angeable attributes1 ! effect ( :i* is ! g5]al happ9ess ( 8 creatures4#b--,we may safely ass]t1 t :atev] is "r is also exp$i5t = man2 b ! conv]se by no means foll[s1--t :at is exp$i5t1 t is :at mank9d ?9k w\ld be exp$i5t1 comes to be "r4 ,footnote #b3 ,lecture on ! ,!ory ( ,moral ,obligation4 ,ox=d1 #ahcj4 ,we n[ come to ! ,selfi% ,sy/em ( morals1 accord+ to :i* ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! conduct ( mank9d is a desire to promote _! own gratification or int]e/4 ,?is !ory has appe>$ 9 v>i\s =ms1 f a v e>ly p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ,e?ical sci5ce2 b ! mo/ rem>kable promot] ( x 9 m mod]n times 0 ,mr4 ,hobbes4 ,accord+ to him1 man is influ5c$ entirely by :at seems calculat$1 m imm$iately1 or m remotely1 to promote 8 own int]e/2 :atev] does s1 he consid]s z "r1--! opposite z wrong4 ,he is driv5 to society by necessity1 & !n1 :atev] promotes ! g5]al good1 he consid]s z ultimately calculat$ to promote 8 own4 ,?is sy/em is f\nd$ ^u a fallacy1 simil> to t ref]r$ to "u ! =m] head4 ,virtu\s conduct does imp>t gratification1 & t ( ! highe/ k9d2 &1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w1 x promotes ! true int]e/ ( ! ag5t1 b ?is t5d5cy is ! effect1 n ! cause2 & nev] c be consid]$ z ! pr9ciple :i* imp>ts to conduct its "* ( virtue2 nor d we p]=m x m]ely because x af=ds u gratification1 or promotes our int]e/4 ,! hypo!sis1 inde$1 may be consid]$ z di/9ctly contradict$ by facts1--=1 ev5 9 our own exp]i5ce1 x is cle>1 t ! pleasure att5d+ an act ( g5]osity or virtue 9 ourselves1 z well z our approbation ( x 9 o!rs1 is dim9i%$ or de/roy$ by ! impression t !re 0 a selfi% purpose to answ] by x4 ,!re is a modification ( ! selfi% sy/em :i* attempts to get rid ( its m (f5sive aspect by a s+ul> & circuit\s *a9 ( moral emotions4 ,we h exp]i5c$1 x is said1 t a c]ta9 att5tion to ! com=t or advantage ( o!rs contributes to our own4 ,a k9d ( habit is ?us =m$1 by :i* we come at la/ to seek ! happ9ess ( o!rs = _! own sake2--s t1 by ?is process1 actions1 :i* at fir/ 7 consid]$ only z inexp$i5t1 f be+ oppos$ to self-love1 at l5g? & ins5sibly come to be consid]$ z immoral4 ,?is c be consid]$ z no?+ m ?an an +5i\s play ^u words1 & des]ves only to be m5tion$ z a hi/orical fact1 9 a view ( ^? speculations by :i* ?is important subject has be5 obscur$ & bewild]$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r modification ( ! !ories ( morals rema9s to be m5tion$2--namely1 t ( ! di/+ui%$ ,paley4 ,?is em95t writ] is decid$ly oppos$ to ! doctr9e ( a moral s5se or moral pr9ciple2 b ! sy/em :i* he proposes to sub/itute 9 its place mu/ be ackn[l$g$ to be liable to consid]able objections4 ,he comm5ces ) ! proposition t virtue is do+ good to mank9d1 9 ob$i5ce to ! w ( ,god1 & = ! sake ( ev]la/+ happ9ess4 ,! good ( mank9d1 !re=e1 is ! subject1--! w ( ,god1 ! rule1--& ev]la/+ happ9ess1 ! motive ( human virtue4 ,! w ( ,god1 he subsequ5tly goes on to %ew1 is made kn[n to u1 p>tly by revelation1 & p>tly by :at we discov] ( 8 designs & dispositions f 8 works1 or1 z we usually call x1 ! light ( nature4 ,f ?is la/ s\rce he ?9ks x is cle>ly to be inf]r$1 t ,god wills & wi%es ! happ9ess ( 8 creatures2 consequ5tly1 actions :i* promote t w & wi% mu/ be agreeable to him1 & ! contr>y4 ,! me?od ( asc]ta9+ ! w ( ,god conc]n+ any action1 by ! light ( nature1 !re=e1 is to inquire into ! t5d5cy ( ! action to promote or dim9i% g5]al happ9ess4 ,proce$+ on ^? gr\nds1 he !n arrives at ! conclusion1 t :atev] is exp$i5t is "r2 & t x is ! utility ( any moral rule alone1 :i* con/itutes ! obligation ( x4 ,9 8 fur!r elucidation ( ?is !ory1 ,dr4 ,paley admits1 t an action may be useful1 9 an individual case1 :i* is n "r4 ,to con/itute x "r1 x is necess>y t x %all be exp$i5t ^u ! :ole1--at ! long run1 9 all its effects1 collat]al & remote1 z well z ^? :i* are imm$iate & direct4 ,9 presum+ to (f] a criticism ^u ,paley1 ,i readily conc$e to ! def5d]s ( 8 sy/em1 t x is n to be class$ ) ! utilit>ianism ( ,hume & ,godw92 & t x is n1 correctly speak+1 *>geable ) selfi%ness1 9 hold+ out ! happ9ess ( a future /ate z a motive to virtue4 ,! latt] "p ( 8 sy/em is cle>ly c\nt5anc$ by ! sacr$ writ+s2 & x does appe> to be a /ret* ( language1 to apply ! t]m selfi%ness to ! long+ :i* ! s9c]e ,*ri/ian feels = ! full enjoym5t ( ,god4 ,9 reg>d to ! =m] "p ( 8 doctr9e1 aga91 x appe>s t ,paley meant to propose ! w ( ,god z ! rule or obligation ( morals1 & utility only z a crit]ion or guide2 ?\gh x mu/ be confess$ t 8 language is liable to mu* miscon/ruction1 & is some:at at v>iance ) itself4 ,! real objection to ! doctr9e ( ,paley1 ,i appreh5d1 lies 9 8 unqualifi$ rejection ( ! supreme au?ority ( consci5ce1 & 9 ! m5tal op]ation :i* he sub/itutes 9 its place1 namely1 a circuit\s process ( reason+1 9 ea* individual1 respect+ ! entire & ultimate exp$i5cy ( actions4 ,!re are two consid]ations :i* appe> to pres5t s]i\s objections to ?is "p ( ! sy/em z a doctr9e to be appli$ to practical purposes4 7#a47 ,if we suppose a man delib]at+ respect+ an action1 :i* he p]ceives w\ld be em95tly exp$i5t & useful 9 an individual case1 & :i* he feels to be highly desirable 9 its imm$iate ref]5ce to t case1--we may naturally ask1 :e!r he is 9 a likely condition to f9d 8 way to a s\nd conclusion respect+ ! consequ5ces ( ! action ^u ! :ole1 at ! long run1 9 all its consequ5ces1 remote & collat]al4--,x may c]ta9ly be d\bt$ :e!r1 9 any case1 !re is n great dang] ( diff]5ces ( op9ion aris+1 respect+ ?is ext5d$ & ultimate exp$i5cy3--& x mu/ be admitt$ t1 9 ! man n[ ref]r$ to1 ! v circum/ances ( 8 p]ception ( great & imm$iate utility1 & ! /ate ( desire connect$ ) x1 w\ld con/itute a moral condition :i* might int]f]e1 9 a v mat]ial degree1 ) 8 calculation z to its ultimate exp$i5cy4 ,^u :atev] sy/em we proce$1 ,i fe> x mu/ be conc$$ z a fact1 t !re is a s+ul> prop5sity 9 ! mass ( mank9d to consid] _! own pa9s & pleasures be=e ^? ( o!r m52 & t ?is prop5sity mu/ int]f]e ) ! cool c\rse ( moral calculation :i* ! sy/em ( utility mu/ consid] z indisp5sable4 7#b47 ,indep5d5tly ( ?is consid]ation1 we may be all[$ to d\bt1 :e!r any human be+ c arrive at su* an ext5sive k1 z ?is !ory seems to r5d] necess>y1 ( all ! consequ5ces ( an action1 remote & collat]al4 ,?is w\ld appe> to con/itute a k9d & degree ( k to be f\nd only 9 ! ,omnisci5ce ( ! ,deity4 ,x is1 9 fact1 by giv+ its full weight to ?is difficulty1 t ! doctr9e ( utility has be5 employ$ by "s =eign writ]s1 9 _! attempts to und]m9e ! :ole f\ndation ( morals4 ,! goodness ( actions1 says ,beausobre1 9 8 ,pyrrhonisme ,raisonable1 dep5ds ^u _! consequ5ces1 :i* man _c =esee1 nor accurately asc]ta94 ,:at h>mony1 inde$1 or :at consi/5cy ( moral s5tim5t c we expect f a sy/em1 by :i* man himself is made ! judge ( ! code ( morals to :i* he is to be subject1 & by :i* 8 decisions1 on a "q s mom5t\s1 are made to le/ on ^? remote consequ5ces ( actions :i* he mu/ feel to be beyond ! rea* ( 8 limit$ faculties4 ,if ^! obs]vations be well-f\nd$1 ,i ?9k we _c hesitate to ma9ta91 t1 on su* a nice calculation ( consequ5ces1 x is impossible to f\nd a rule ( morals 9 any degree adapt$ to ! necessities ( man4 ,! same objection applies to e doctr9e1 :i* does n recognise ! supreme au?ority ( consci5ce z an orig9al "p ( our moral con/itution1 w>n+ u ( c]ta9 conduct z immutably "r1 & c]ta9 o!r conduct z immutably wrong1 )\t any reg>d ei!r to our own advantage1 or to our judgm5t ( ! t5d5cy ( ! de$s4 ,:5ev] we dep>t f ?is great pr9ciple1 we r$uce e moral decision to :at mu/ prim>ily be a process ( reason+1 & 9 :i*1 f ! intricate calculation ( consequ5ces :i* necess>ily arises1 !re c sc>cely fail to be diff]5ces ( op9ion respect+ ! t5d5cy ( actions1 in/ead ( t absolute conviction :i* ! deep importance ( ! subject r5d]s indisp5sable4 ,x may1 f>!r1 be confid5tly /at$1 z a matt] ( fact1 t a consci5ti\s man1 9 consid]+ an action :i* involves a po9t ( moral duty1 does n ent] ^u any su* calculation ( its consequ5ces4 ,he simply asks himself1--is x "r8--& s decides1 accord+ to an impulse )91 :i* he feels to be a "p ( 8 moral con/itution1 susceptible ( no explanation1 & n admitt+ ( be+ ref]r$ to any o!r pr9ciple4 ,i confess1 inde$1 t ,i _c p]ceive1 h[ ! doctr9e ( utility1 9 any ( its =ms1 c be reconcil$ ) ! pr9ciple ( moral responsibility4 ,= :at we commonly call vice & virtue1 mu/ resolve !mselves m]ely into diff]5ces ( op9ion respect+ :at is mo/ exp$i5t 9 all its consequ5ces1 remote & collat]al4 ,we h already allud$ to ! consid]ations :i* mu/ make ?is decision "o ( extreme difficulty2--& h[ c we ascribe moral guilt to t1 :i*1 ?\gh 9 vulg> language we may call x vice1 mu/ v (t5 be no?+ m ?an an error 9 judgm5t respect+ ?is ultimate good4 ,9 reg>d to ! :ole ( ?is important subject1 ,i _c see ! necessity = ! circuit\s m5tal op]ations :i* h be5 made to apply to x2 nor c ,i ent] into ! repugnance1 %ewn by v>i\s classes ( morali/s1 aga9/ ! belief ( a process or a pr9ciple 9 our con/itution1 giv5 u = a guide 9 our moral relations4 ,x is unnecess>y to dispute ab\t its "n1 or ev5 ab\t its orig92--= ! =m] is ( no importance1 & ( ! latt] we "k no?+4 ,! "q relates simply to its exi/5ce z a m5tal ex]cise di/9ct f any process ( reason+1 & ! only crit]ion1 to :i* ! "q c be ref]r$1 is an appeal to ! moral feel+s ( e individual4 ,is !re n a m5tal movem5t or feel+1 call x :at we may1 by :i* we h a p]ception ( actions z j or unju/1 "r or wrong2 & by :i* we exp]i5ce %ame or remorse respect+ our own conduct 9 p>ticul> in/ances1 & indignation aga9/ ! conduct ( o!rs4 ,e "o is consci\s ( su* a m5tal ex]cise1 & !re are two consid]ations :i*1 ,i ?9k1 may be ref]r$ to z moral facts1 %ew+ a cle> & decid$ diff]5ce betwe5 x & any simple process ( reason+4 7#a47 ,i w\ld ask :e!r1 9 decid+ on 8 conduct1 e man is n consci\s ( two classes ( actions1 9 reg>d to :i* ! processes ( 8 m9d diff] widely f ea* o!r4 ,9 decid+ respect+ actions ( ! "o class1 he c>efully & anxi\sly delib]ates on _! t5d5cies1--t is1 _! utility t[>ds himself1 or to o!rs ^: welf>e he has 9 view2 & he reflects on :at 0 ! result ( 8 conduct 9 simil> cases1 on =m] occasions4 ,9 decid+ respect+ actions ( ! o!r class1 he ent]s into no su* calculations2--he feels an imm$iate impression1 t a c]ta9 c\rse is "r1 & a c]ta9 o!r wrong1 )\t look+ a s+le /ep into _! t5d5cies4 ,e "o is consci\s ( ?is diff]5ce1 betwe5 act+ f a p]ception ( utility & f a feel+ ( obligation or a s5se ( duty2 & x w\ld be difficult to prove t any p]ception ( utility alone ev] am\nts to a s5se ( obligation4 7#b47 ,9 t class ( actions to :i* is prop]ly appli$ a calculation ( utility1 we see ! mo/ rem>kable diff]5ces 9 judgm5t manife/$ by m51 :om we reg>d z hold+ a high place 9 respect bo? ( integrity & tal5t4 ,let u take = example ! measures ( political economy4 ,a consci5ti\s /atesman feels t he is b\nd to pursue measures calculat$ to promote ! good ( 8 c\ntry2 b ! individual measures are (t5 que/ions ( exp$i5cy or utility4 ,& :at an endless div]sity ( judgm5t d we obs]ve respect+ !m2 & h[ (t5 d we f9d measures propos$ by able m51 z calculat$ to produce important public b5efit1 :i* o!rs1 ( no inf]ior "n1 ) equal confid5ce1 condemn z frivol\s1 or ev5 dang]\s4 ,if !re c be su* a diff]5ce ( op9ion respect+ "o class ( actions1 we _c avoid ! impression t !re may be simil> diff]5ces respect+ o!rs1 :5ev] ! decision is left to a simple process ( reason2 & we _c b feel "s misgiv+s1 z to :at ! /ate ( human society w\ld be1 if m51 9 _! moral decisions 7 kept toge!r by no o!r ties ?an ! speculations ( ea* individual respect+ g5]al utility4 ,9 any su* process1 we c see no provision = t uni=mity ( feel+ requir$ = ! class ( actions 9 :i* are conc]n$ our moral decisions2--& ,i c see no?+ unphilosophical 9 ! belief1 t ! ,creator has provid$1 9 ref]5ce to ^!1 a "p or a process 9 our moral con/itution1 :i* is incapable ( analysis1--b :i* proves1 z ,butl] has t]m$ x1 a rule ( "r )91 to e man :o hone/ly att5ds to x4 ,to ?is view ( ! subject ,i w\ld add only "o consid]ation1 :i* alone appe>s to pres5t an insurm\ntable objection to ! doctr9e ( utility 9 all its modifications2 namely1 t any correct ideas ( ! utility ( an action c be d]iv$ only f exp]i5ce4 ,! /udy ( ! pr9ciples ( morality1 !re=e1 w\ld consi/ ( a s]ies ( obs]vations or exp]im5ts1 by :i* valid conclusions might be asc]ta9$2 & an individual1 ent]+ ^u ! mom5t\s "q1 w\ld require ei!r to tru/ to ! conclusions ( o!rs1 or to make ! obs]vations & exp]im5ts = himself4 ,9 ! =m] case1 he c\ld n fail to p]ceive ! prec>i\s nature ( ! basis on :i* he 0 receiv+ pr9ciples ( su* weighty importance4 ,he c\ld n fail to rem>k1 t1 9 o!r sci5ces1 uns\nd & premature d$uctions _h be5 br\ght =w>d1 ev5 on high au?ority1 & all[$ to usurp ! place ( tru?4 ,h[ is he to be satisfi$1 t1 9 ?is highe/ ( all inquiries1 simil> errors _h n be5 committ$4 ,to avoid su* unc]ta9ty1 he may resolve to make ! obs]vations or exp]im5ts = himself1 & to tru/ only to 8 own conclusions4 ,b "h he is met by ano!r difficulty ( appall+ magnitude4 ,= a lifetime may n suffice to br+ ! exp]im5ts to a close2 &1 dur+ ?is1 he mu/ rema9 9 ! same unc]ta9ty on ! great pr9ciples ( morals1 z respect+ ! p]iods ( a comet1 :i*1 hav+ be5 se5 = a day1 d>ts (f into its ecc5tric orbit1 & may n return = a c5tury4 ,h[ c x accord ) our convictions ( ! wisdom ( ,him :o made u1 t he %\ld h made u ?us4 ,! f\ndation ( all ^! ,!ories ( ,morals1 !n1 seems to be ! impression1 t !re is no?+ "r or wrong1 j or unju/ 9 itself2 b t our ideas ( "r & wrong1 ju/ice & inju/ice1 arise ei!r f actual law or mutual compact1 or f our view ( ! t5d5cies ( actions4 ,ano!r modification ( ^! !ories1 liable1 z x is sometimes /at$1 to simil> objection1 ascribes ! orig9 ( "r & wrong directly to ! w ( ! ,deity1 & holds t !re is no?+ wrong :i* might n h be5 "r1 if he _h s orda9$ x4 ,by ! immutability ( moral di/9ctions1 z oppos$ to ^! !ories1 we mean1--t !re are c]ta9 actions :i* are immutably "r1 & :i* we are b\nd 9 duty to p]=m1 & c]ta9 actions :i* are immutably wrong1 ap>t f any o!r consid]ation :atev]2--& t an absolute conviction ( ?is is fix$ ^u u1 9 ! moral pr9ciple or consci5ce1 indep5d5tly ( k d]iv$ f any o!r s\rce respect+ ! w or laws ( ! ,almighty4 ,?is important di/9ction has be5 sometimes n unaptly express$ by say+ ( su* actions1--n t !y are "r because ! ,deity has comm&$ !m1--b t he has comm&$ !m because !y are "r4 ,by ?is sy/em1 !re=e1 :i* ref]s our moral impressions to ! supreme au?ority ( consci5ce1 a pr9ciple is disclos$1 :i*1 indep5d5tly ev5 ( revelation1 n only e/abli%es an absolute conviction ( ! laws ( moral rectitude1 b leads u to ! impression ( moral responsibility & a moral ,gov]nor2 & z imm$iately fl[+ f ?is1 a /ate ( future retribution4 ,we h already %ewn ?is to accord ) ! decl>ations ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 & x is evid5tly ! only sy/em on :i* we c acc\nt = t uni=mity ( moral s5tim5t :i* is absolutely requir$ = ! h>monies ( society4 ,= x is1 9 fact1 on a conviction ( ?is feel+ 9 ourselves1 & ( ! exi/5ce ( a simil> & univ]sal pr9ciple 9 o!rs1 t is f\nd$ all ! mutual confid5ce :i* keeps mank9d toge!r4 ,x is ?is reciprocity ( moral feel+ t proves a con/ant *eck ^u ! conduct ( m5 9 ! daily transactions ( life2 b1 to answ] ?is purpose1 !re is evid5tly requir$ an impression ( its uni=mity1--or a conviction t ! actions1 :i* we disapprove 9 o!rs w be condemn$ 9 u by ! unanim\s decision ( o!r m54 ,x is equally cle> t we h no su* impression ( a uni=mity ( s5tim5t on any o!r subject1 except on ^? ref]able to ! class ( fir/ tru?s2 & ?is imm$iately indicates a m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 our moral impressions1 & any ( ^? conclusions at :i* we arrive by a process ( ! und]/&+4 ,x is cle>1 also1 t ?is uni=mity c arise f no sy/em1 :i* ei!r ref]s u directly to ! w ( ,god1 or is liable to be affect$ by ! diff]5ces :i* may exi/ 9 ! judgm5t1 ! moral ta/e1 ! p]sonal feel+s1 or ! int]e/s ( diff]5t individuals4 ,x mu/ be1 9 itself1 fix$ & immutable1 convey+ an absolute conviction :i* admits ( no d\bt & no diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,su* is ! great pr9ciple ( consci5ce4 ,h[ev] its w>n+s may be neglect$1 & its influ5ce obscur$ by passion & moral degradation1 x /ill ass]ts its claim to gov]n ! :ole man4 ,_h x /r5g?1 says ,butl]1 z x _h "r2 _h x p[]1 z x _h manife/ au?ority1 x w\ld absolutely gov]n ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 opposition to ?is belief ( a uni=mity ( moral feel+1 mu* importance has be5 atta*$ to ! practices ( c]ta9 anci5t & "s b>b>\s nations1 z ! enc\ragem5t ( !ft 9 ,sp>ta1 & ! exposure ( ! ag$ among c]ta9 tribes 9 ,india4 ,su* in/ances prove no div]sity ( moral feel+2 b a diff]5ce ( practice1 aris+ f c]ta9 specialities1 real or suppos$1 by :i*1 9 ! p>ticul> cases1 ! influ5ce ( ! prim>y moral feel+ is1 = ! "t1 set aside4 ,x is ( no importance to ! argum5t1 :e!r ! di/urb+ pr9ciple ?us op]at+ be ! result ( an absurd local policy or a b>b>\s sup]/ition4 ,x is en\gh t we see a pr9ciple1 :i*1 9 po9t ( fact1 does ?us op]ate1 susp5d+1 9 ! p>ticul> in/ances1 ! prim>y moral impression4 ,x 0 n t1 9 ,sp>ta1 !re 0 any abs5ce ( ! usual moral feel+ 9 reg>d to !ft 9 ! ab/ract1--b t ! cultivation ( habits ( activity & ent]prise1 :i* arose f ! practice1 0 consid]$ z a national object ( ! highe/ importance1 9 a small & w>like /ate1 surr\nd$ by p[]ful enemies4 ,x is precisely 9 ! same mann]1 t1 9 individual conduct1 a man may be misl$ by passion or by int]e/ to d ?+s :i* 8 sob] judgm5t condemns4 ,9 do+ s1 !re is no want ( ! ord9>y moral feel+ :i* influ5ces o!r m52 b he has br\ght himself to violate ?is feel+1 = c]ta9 purposes :i* he f9ds to be highly desirable2 & !n1 probably1 seeks to def5d 8 conduct to ! satisfaction ( 8 own m9d1 & ( ! m9ds ( o!rs4 ,he has a di/9ct p]ception ( :at is "r1 :ile he does :at is wrong4 ,!re are num]\s facts :i* illu/rate ! same pr9ciple1 & %ew ! recognition ( correct moral feel+s1 ev5 9 ^? :o habitually & d>+ly violate !m2--z ! laws ( hon\r & hone/y :i* robb]s obs]ve t[>ds ea* o!r1--& ! rem>kable fidelity ( smuggl]s t[>ds _! associates4 ,9 "s ( ! tribes 9 ! ,s\? ,seas1 also1 mo/ rem>kable = _! di%one/y1 x 0 f\nd1 t :ile !y enc\rag$ ea* o!r 9 pillag+ /rang]s1 !ft 0 mo/ sev]ely puni%$ among !mselves4 ,ne$ ,i f>!r ref]1 on ?is subject1 to ! l9e ( argum5t adopt$ 9 ! great "q ( slav]y4 ,x is direct$ to ! palliat+ circum/ances 9 ! actual /ate ( slav]y1 n to a broad def5ce ( slav]y itself4 ,its object is to %ew1 t slav]y1 "u all its pres5t circum/ances1 may be reconcil$ ) ! pr9ciples ( humanity & ju/ice3--no attempt is ev] made to prove1 t x is consi/5t ) ^! pr9ciples to te> a human be+ f 8 c\ntry & 8 k9dr$1 & make him a slave4#c ,footnote #c3 ,see ?is subject eloqu5tly argu$ 9 ,dr4 ,*alm]s' ,bridgewat] ,treatise4 ,on ?is subject we are sometimes triumphantly ask$1 :]e is ! consci5ce ( ! ,inquisitor1--z if ! moral condition ( su* an individual inconte/ably prov$1 t !re c be no su* p[] z we consid] consci5ce to be4 ,b ,i ?9k x _c be d\bt$1 t1 z 9 ! m common cases :i* h be5 m5tion$1 ! consci5ce ( ! ,inquisitor comes gradually to be accommodat$ to ! circum/ances 9 :i* he has volunt>ily plac$ himself4 ,?is rem>kable moral process has be5 repeat$ly ref]r$ to4 ,x may orig9ate 9 v>i\s causes4 ,x may arise f passion1 or an ill-regulat$ /ate ( ! desires or affections ( ! m9d2 x may arise f motives ( int]e/1 lead+ a man by small & gradual /eps into actions :i* 8 sob] judgm5t condemns2 or false op9ions1 h[ev] receiv$1 may be all[$ to fa/5 on ! m9d1 until1 f want ( c&id exam9ation1 !y come to be inve/$ ) ! au?ority ( tru?4 ,9 ! moral process :i* foll[s1 ea* s+le /ep is slight1 & its influ5ce almo/ imp]ceptible2 b ?is influ5ce is p]petuat$1 & ga9s /r5g? 9 ea* succe$+ /ep1 until ! result is a total d]angem5t ( ! moral h>mony ( ! m9d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x rema9s only t we briefly notice ! sy/em ( ,dr4 ,adam ,smi?1 commonly call$ ! !ory ( ,sympa?y4 ,accord+ to ?is +5i\s writ]1 x is requir$ = our moral s5tim5ts respect+ an action1 t we ent] into ! feel+s bo? ( ! ag5t1 & ( him to :om ! action relates4 ,if we sympa?ize ) ! feel+s & int5tions ( ! ag5t1 we approve ( 8 conduct z "r1--if n1 we consid] x z wrong4 ,if1 9 ! individual to :om ! action ref]s1 we sympa?ize ) a feel+ ( gratitude1 we reg>d ! ag5t z wor?y ( praise1--if ) a feel+ ( res5tm5t1 ! contr>y4 ,we ?us obs]ve our feel+s respect+ ! conduct ( o!rs1 9 cases 9 :i* we are n p]sonally conc]n$1--!n apply ^! rules to ourselves1 & ?us judge ( our own conduct4 ,?is v obvi\s /atem5t1 h[ev]1 ( :at e man feels1 does n supply ! place ( a fundam5tal rule ( "r & wrong2 & inde$ ,dr4 ,smi? does n appe> to cont5d t x does s4 ,x applies only to ! application ( a pr9ciple1 n to ! orig9 ( x4 ,our sympa?y c nev] be suppos$ to con/itute an action "r or wrong2 b x enables u to apply to individual cases a pr9ciple ( "r & wrong d]iv$ f ano!r s\rce2--& to cle> our judgm5t 9 do+ s1 f ! bl9d+ influ5ce ( ^? selfi% feel+s by :i* we are s apt to be misl$ :5 we apply x directly to ourselves4 ,9 e/imat+ our own conduct1 we !n apply to x ^? conclusions :i* we h made ) reg>d to ! conduct ( o!rs1--or we imag9e o!rs apply+ ! same process 9 reg>d to u1 & consid] h[ our conduct w\ld appeal to an imp>tial obs]v]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a mo/ important pr9ciple 9 reg>d to our moral decisions1--namely1 ! process by :i* we view an action1 or a c\rse ( conduct1 9 ano!r1 & !n apply ! decision to ourselves4 ,:5 ! p[] ( moral judgm5t is obscur$ or dead5$ 9 reg>d to our own conduct1 by self-love or d]ang$ moral habits1 all ! correctness ( judgm5t is (t5 pres]v$ respect+ ! actions ( o!rs4 ,x is ?us t m5 are l$ on by int]e/ or passion into c\rses ( action1 :i*1 if view$ calmly & dispassionately1 !y w\ld n delib]ately def5d ev5 9 !mselves1 & :i*1 :5 view$ 9 o!rs1 !y promptly condemn4 ,?is pr9ciple is beautifully illu/rat$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s1 :5 ! prophet w5t to ! k+ ( ,israel1 & laid be=e him ! hypo!tical case ( a ri* man1 :o _h committ$ an act ( gross & unfeel+ inju/ice aga9/ a poor neighb\r4 ,! mon>* 0 in/antly r\s$ to indignation1 & pron\nc$ a s5t5ce ( sev]e b righte\s v5geance aga9/ ! oppressor1--:5 ! prophet turn$ ^u him ) ! solemn d5unciation1 ,?\ art ! man4 ,8 moral feel+ 9 reg>d to 8 own conduct 0 dead2 b 8 p[] ( correct moral decision :5 appli$ to ano!r 0 undim9i%$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 reg>d to ! :ole ( ?is subject1 an important di/9ction is to be made betwe5 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple1 f :i* actions d]ive _! "* ( "r & wrong1--& ! application ( reason 9 judg+ ( _! t5d5cies4 ,be=e conclud+ ?is "p ( ! subject1 !re=e1 we h to add a v few obs]vations on ! influ5ce ex]t$ on our moral decisions by reason1--always h[ev] 9 subs]vi5cy to ! great pr9ciple ( consci5ce4 ,! (fice ( reason appe>s to be1 9 ! fir/ place1 to judge ( ! exp$i5cy1 propriety1 & consequ5ces ( actions1 :i* d n involve any feel+ ( moral duty4 ,9 reg>d to ! affections1 aga91 a process ( reason is (t5 necess>y1 n only respect+ ! be/ mode ( ex]cis+ !m1 b also1 9 _m cases1 9 decid+ :e!r we %all ex]cise !m at all4 ,?us1 we may feel compassion 9 a p>ticul> in/ance1 b p]ceive ! individual to be s unwor?y1 t :at we c\ld d w\ld be ( no b5efit to him4 ,9 su* a case we may feel x to be a matt] n only ( prud5ce1 b ( duty1 to resi/ ! affection1 & to res]ve ! aid we h to be/[ = p]sons m des]v+4 ,9 cases 9 :i* an impression ( moral duty is conc]n$1 an ex]cise ( reason is /ill 9 _m in/ances1 necess>y1 = enabl+ u to adapt our means to ! end :i* we desire to accompli%4 ,we may feel an anxi\s wi% to promote ! int]e/ or relieve ! di/ress ( ano!r1 or to p]=m "s high & important duty1--b call reason to our aid respect+ ! mo/ effectual & ! mo/ judici\s means ( do+ s4 ,consci5ce1 9 su* cases1 produces ! int5tion1--reason sugge/s ! means2--& x is famili> to e "o t ^! d n always h>monize4 ,?us a man may be s\nd 9 8 int5tions1 :o errs 9 judgm5t respect+ ! means = c>ry+ !m into effect4 ,9 su* cases1 we atta* our feel+ ( moral approbation to ! int5tion only1--we say ! man meant well1 b err$ 9 judgm5t2--& to ?is error we affix no feel+ ( moral disapprobation1--unless1 p]haps1 9 "s cases1 we may blame him = act+ precipitately on 8 own judgm5t1 in/ead ( tak+ ! advice ( ^? qualifi$ to direct him4 ,we expect su* a man to acquire wisdom f exp]i5ce1 by obs]v+ ! defici5cy ( 8 judgm5t 9 ref]5ce to 8 int5tions2 &1 9 future in/ances1 to le>n to take advice4 ,!re are o!r circum/ances 9 :i* an ex]cise ( reason is frequ5tly br\ght into action 9 reg>d to moral decisions2--z 9 "s cases 9 :i* "o duty appe>s to int]f]e ) ano!r2--likewise 9 judg+ :e!r1 9 p>ticul> in/ances1 any rule ( duty is conc]n$1 or :e!r we are at lib]ty to take up ! case simply z "o ( exp$i5cy or utility4 ,9 mak+ _! decisions 9 d\btful cases ( ?is description1 we obs]ve great diff]5ces 9 ! habits ( judg+ 9 diff]5t individuals4 ,"o %ews ! mo/ m9ute & scrupul\s anxiety1 to discov] :e!r ! case involves any pr9ciple ( duty1--& a simil> anxiety 9 act+ suitably :5 he has discov]$ x4 ,?is is :at we call a /rictly consci5ti\s man4 ,ano!r1 :o %ews no want ( a prop] s5se ( duty :5 ! l9e is cle>ly drawn1 has less anxiety 9 su* cases z ^!1 & may sacrifice m9ute or d\btful po9ts to "s o!r feel+1--z self-int]e/ or ev5 fri5d%ip1--:]e ! =m] individual might h discov]$ a pr9ciple ( duty4 ,reason is also conc]n$ 9 judg+ ( a description ( cases1 9 :i* a modification ( moral feel+ arises f ! complexity ( actions1--or1 9 o!r words1 f ! circum/ances 9 :i* ! individual is plac$4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by ! diff]5ce ( moral s5tim5t :i* we atta* to ! act ( tak+ away ! life ( ano!r1--:5 ?is is done by an individual "u ! impulse ( rev5ge1--by ! same individual 9 self-def5ce1--or by a judge 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 public duty4 ,!re is /ill ano!r (fice frequ5tly assign$ to ,reason 9 moral decisions1--z :5 we speak ( a man act+ ^u ,reason z oppos$ to passion4 ,?is h[ev] is1 correctly speak+1 only a diff]5t use ( ! t]m2 & x means t he acts ^u a calm consid]ation ( ! motives by :i* he ought to be influ5c$1 in/ead ( be+ hurri$ away by a desire or an affection :i* has be5 all[$ to usurp undue influ5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! important di/9ction1 !re=e1 :i* ^! obs]vations h be5 int5d$ to illu/rate1 may be briefly recapitulat$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,our impression ( ! aspect ( actions1 z "r or wrong1 is convey$ by a pr9ciple 9 ! human m9d entirely di/9ct f a simple ex]cise ( reason1--& ! /&>d ( moral rectitude d]iv$ f ?is s\rce is1 9 its own nature1 fix$ & immutable4 ,b !re are _m cases 9 :i* an ex]cise ( reason may be employ$1 9 ref]r+ p>ticul> actions to ?is /&>d1 or try+ !m1 z x 71 by means ( x4 ,any su* m5tal process1 h[ev]1 is only to be consid]$ z a k9d ( te/ appli$ to individual in/ances1 & mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! /&>d to :i* x is ! (fice ( ?is te/ to ref] !m4 ,"r or virtu\s conduct does1 9 po9t ( fact1 contribute to g5]al utility1 z well z to ! advantage ( ! individual1 9 ! true & ext5d$ s5se ( t t]m1 & ^! t5d5cies are p]ceiv$ by ,reason4 ,b x is nei!r ( ^! t con/itutes x "r4 ,?is is f\nd$ entirely on a diff]5t pr9ciple1--! immutable rule ( moral rectitude2 x is p]ceiv$ by a diff]5t "p ( our con/itution1--! moral pr9ciple1 or consci5ce2 &1 by ! op]ation ( ?is pr9ciple1 we pron\nce x "r1 )\t any ref]5ce to its consequ5ces ei!r to ourselves or o!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! prec$+ obs]vations1 on ,consci5ce1 ,i leave ne>ly z !y /ood 9 ! second edition ( ?is volume4 ,s9ce ! publication ( t edition1 ,i h se5 v>i\s discussions ( ?is important "q1 b h f\nd no?+ to alt] ! op9ion ,i h express$1 respect+ ! nature & ! au?ority ( consci5ce z an orig9al pr9ciple 9 our moral con/itution2 & ,i see no sy/em by :i* we c escape f ! num]\s difficulties surr\nd+ e o!r view ( ! subject4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,i _c p]ceive :at is ga9$ by ^? :o ref] our moral decisions to a process ( reason or judgm5t alone4 ,= by judgm5t1 9 ! ord9>y & recognis$ acceptation ( ! t]m1 ,i c und]/& no?+ m ?an a p[] ( comp>+ two or m facts or impressions toge!r1 & trac+ _! relations4 ,:5 we apply su* a m5tal process to a "q ( morals1 x c am\nt to no?+ m ?an a comp>ison ( our conduct ) "s /&>d4 ,if ^? :o hold ! doctr9e ref]r$ to1 mean any ?+ m ?an ?is1--if !y all[ ! m9d a p[] ( moral decision indep5d5tly ( any su* /&>d1 !n ?is is precisely :at we mean by consci5ce1 & ! controv]sy resolves itself1 l n a few t h gone be=e x1 into a dispute ab\t a "n4 ,if !y d n all[ ! m9d su* a p[]1 x !n becomes !m to say1 :at is ! /&>d by :i* its moral judgm5ts are to be =m$1 & :5ce x is d]iv$4 ,x appe>s1 ,i ?9k1 di/9ctly1 t x c be d]iv$ only f "o ( two s\rces4 ,x mu/ ei!r be receiv$ ?r\gh div9e revelation2 or x mu/ be ! result ( our speculations respect+ utility1 9 "o or o!r ( ! =ms 9 :i* t doctr9e is pres5t$ to u4 ,!re does n appe> to be any middle c\rse2 & accord+ly "s late writ]s1 :o reject ! latt] sy/em1 :ile !y d n admit ! au?ority ( consci5ce1 seem to ref] our moral impressions entirely to ! w ( ! ,deity z made kn[n to u by revelation4 ,i h =m]ly /at$ :at seem to me to be insup]able objections to ?is doctr9e4 ,x appe>s1 inde$1 to be di/9ctly oppos$ by ! v words ( ,scripture1 :i* cle>ly recognise a p[]1 or a process 9 ! m9d by :i* ^? :o are )\t law1 t is1 )\t a revelation1 are a law unto !mselves1 _! consci5ces be>+ witness1 & _! ?\ghts accus+ or else excus+ "o ano!r4 ,x does1 ,i confess1 appe> to me1 t "s late excell5t & respectable writ]s1 9 _! appreh5sion ( n giv+ suffici5t prom95ce to ! doctr9e ( human depravity1 h greatly "u-rat$ ! actual p[] ( consci5ce1 & h ?us injur$ 9 a mo/ ess5tial mann] ! important argum5t :i* is d]iv$ f ! moral impressions ( ! m9d4 ,true x is1 inde$1 t ! nature ( man is deg5]ate1 & t ! effect ( ?is appe>s 9 8 disreg>d+ & disobey+ t monitor )94 ,i am n dispos$ to diff] f ! writ]s ref]r$ to1 respect+ ! exi/5ce & ! ext5t ( ?is deg5]acy1 b r z to ! mann] 9 :i* x op]ates 9 ! actual moral condition ( mank9d4 ,i d n say t !re is 9 human nature m good ?an !y assign to x1 b t !re is m k ( :at is good2 n t m5 d bett] ?an ^! writ]s allege1 b t !y h a great] s5se ( :at !y ought to d4 ,^? :o ma9ta9 ! absolute & unusual corruption ( consci5ce may also be rem9d$ ( ! rem>kable diff]5ces :i* are admitt$ to exi/ 9 diff]5t m51 & ! mann] 9 :i* moral feel+ is gradually obscur$ or ov]p[]$ by a c\rse ( p]sonal depravity4 ,! facts are univ]sally admitt$ respect+ ! conte/ ) moral pr9ciple :i* att5ds ! fir/ /ages ( vice1 & ! remorse :i* foll[s4 ,b aft] ea* dep>ture f virtue1 ?is oppos+ influ5ce is progressively weak5$1 & at l5g? de/roy$4 ,9 ?is progress1 !n1 we mu/ admit two di/9ct conditions ( ! moral feel+s1--"o 9 :i* consci5ce di/9ctly po9ts at :at is "r1 h[ev] its w>n+s may be disreg>d$1--& ano!r 9 :i* its w>n+ influ5ce is weak5$ or lo/4 ,9 ! =m] condition1 ,i ?9k we may affirm t x ass]ts its "r & its au?ority1 ?\gh its /r5g? & its p[] are dep>t$2 & x does n appe> to be say+ too mu*1 if we say 9 ! /rik+ language ( ,butl]1 _h x /r5g? z x _h "r1--_h x p[] z x _h manife/ au?ority1 x w\ld absolutely gov]n ! _w4 ,sec4 ,,ii4--,,( ,,! ,,h>mony ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,feel+s4 ,on :atev] sy/em we may consid] ! moral feel+s1 we p]ceive t !re are v>i\s classes ( !m1--ea* answ]+ a special purpose 9 our relations z acc\ntable be+s4 ,"s ( !m1 we h se51 ref] to objects ( desire1 ! atta9m5t ( :i* appe>s likely to br+ satisfaction4 ,o!rs lead u to ^? relations :i* we be> to our fell[-m54 ,a ?ird class1 :i* rema9s to be consid]$1 calls our att5tion to ! relation 9 :i* we /& to ! moral ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se1 & to a c]ta9 regulation ( ! moral feel+s aris+ out ( ?is relation4 ,b ?is is /ill ano!r inquiry ( ! deepe/ int]e/1 connect$ ) ?is subject1 namely1 reg>d+ ! h>mony or pr9ciple ( arrangem5t1 :i* ^! v>i\s classes ( moral emotions ought to be> t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,!y all =m p>ts ( our con/itution1 & des]ve a c]ta9 degree ( att5tion1 :i* mu/ be c>efully adapt$ to ! relative importance ( ea*2 & ! correct adju/m5t ( ?is h>mony is "o ( ! objects to be answ]$ by ! moral pr9ciple1 comb9$ ) a s\nd ex]cise ( judgm5t4 ,! rules :i* apply to x may be /at$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,:5 we consid] man z an immortal be+1 pass+ ?r\gh a c\rse ( discipl9e to ano!r /ate ( exi/5ce1 x is obvi\s t 8 highe/ consid]ation is 8 own moral condition1 & ! aspect 9 :i* he /&s t[>ds ! ,deity4 ,9 imm$iate connexion ) ?is fir/ ( all conc]ns are ! great & g5]al pr9ciples ( ju/ice & v]acity1 z ref]r+ to our connexion ) all mank9d1 & a class ( private responsibilities :i* peculi>ly reg>d ea* individual 9 8 dome/ic relations2 su* z ! duties ( *ildr5 to !n p>5ts1 & p>5ts to _! *ildr52--! latt]1 p>ticul>ly1 pres5t+ a class ( ! mo/ solemn k9d1 z x embraces ! conc]ns ( ! pres5t life1 & ( t :i* is to come4 ,!n foll[ ! duties ( b5evol5ce1 fri5d%ip1 & patriotism2 aft] ^!1 ! ord9>y avocations ( life1 z ! acquisition ( k & ! pursuits ( bus9ess2 & f9ally1 ^? p]sonal recreations & enjoym5ts1 :i*1 :5 kept 9 _! prop] place1 are legitimate & necess>y to e human be+4 ,^! are all prop] & laudable1 provid$ !y are kept 9 a prop] subs]vi5cy to ea* o!r4 ,b ! important consid]ation is1 t a man maybe act+ unwor?ily ( 8 moral nature1 :5 he devotes himself to any "o ( !m 9 a mann] :i* encroa*es ^u ! h>mony ( ! :ole4 ,to beg9 ) ! l[e/ ( !m1 x is unnecess>y to /ate h[ ?is rem>k applies to ! man ^: life is devot$ to pursuits :i* rank no high] ?an recreation or amusem5t4 ,x mu/ be obvi\s to e "o ( ! smalle/ degree ( reflection1 t su* a man is liv+ only = ! pres5t life4 ,:at _c be d5i$ ( m]e amusem5t1 mu/ also be admitt$ respect+ a life ( bus9ess1 h[ev] important 9 !mselves ! conc]ns may be :i* engross ! m9d4 ,!y /ill ref] only to pres5t ?+s1 & c>ry n ! ?\ghts beyond ! mom5t :i* b\nds ! p]iod ( moral discipl9e4 ,ev5 ! engagem5ts ( b5evol5ce & public usefulness1 e/imable z !y are1 may be all[$ to usurp an improp] place2 & !y d s1 if !y )draw ! att5tion f responsibilities & duties :i* belong m p>ticul>ly to ourselves z individuals1--su* z ! duties ( p>5ts & ( *ildr51--& ! o!r claims :i* arise out ( ! relations ( dome/ic life4 ,f9ally1 x is ev] to be kept 9 m9d1 t no engagem5ts ( any description mu/ be all[$ to int]f]e ) obligations1 ( ! highe/ int]e/ to e man1--^? :i* relate to 8 own moral condition1 9 ! sight ( ,him :o is n[ 8 witness1 & w soon be 8 ,judge4 ,f want ( due att5tion to ?is consid]ation1 ye> aft] ye> glides ov] u1 & life ha/5s to its close1 amid c>es & toils & anxieties :i* relate only to ! pres5t _w4 ,?us1 fame may be acquir$1 or weal? accumulat$2 or1 aft] a labori\s asc5t1 a man may h ga9$ ! height ( ambition1--:5 ! tru? bur/s ^u him t life is ne>ly ov]1 :ile its great bus9ess is yet to beg91--! prep>ation ( ! moral be+ = an et]nal exi/5ce4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to add1 on ! o!r h&1 t att5tion to ?is fir/ ( all conc]ns mu/ n be all[$ to e/range ! m9d f ! v>i\s duties & responsibilities ( active life4 ,x is only1 inde$1 :5 ! conduct is regulat$ by p>tial & uns\nd motives1 t "s ( ^! objects ( att5tion are all[$ to usurp ! place ( o!rs4 ,he :o acts1 n f ! high pr9ciples ( moral duty1 b f a desire ( notoriety1 or ! applause ( m51 may devote himself to mu* b5evol5ce & usefulness ( a public & o/5sible k9d2 :ile he neglects duties ( a high]1 ?\gh m private nature1--& ov]looks entirely1 x may be1 8 own moral condition4 ,! ascetic1 on ! contr>y1 %uts himself up 9 8 cell1 & imag9es t he pleases ,god by m$itation & volunt>y au/]ities4 ,b ?is is n ! "p ( him :o truly feels 8 v>i$ relations1 & correctly e/imates 8 true responsibilities4--,x is /rik+1 also1 to rem>k1 h[ ! highe/ pr9ciples lead to a "* ( h>mony & consi/5cy1 :i* all inf]ior motives fail entirely 9 produc+4 ,! man1 :o e/imates mo/ deeply & correctly 8 own moral relations to an ev]-pres5t & presid+ ,deity1 w also feel 8 way ?r\gh ! v>i\s duties ( life1 ) a degree ( att5tion adapt$ to ea* ( !m4 ,9 ! retirem5ts ( dome/ic life1 he is f\nd 9 ! anxi\s dis*>ge ( ! high responsibilities :i* arise out ( its relations4 ,he is f\nd 9 ! pa? ( private b5evol5ce & public usefulness1 manife/+ ! k9d & bro!rly int]e/ ( "o :o acts on ! pure/ ( all motives1--! love ( ,god1 & a pr9ciple ( devot$ness to 8 s]vice4 ,:e!r expos$ to ! view ( 8 fell[-m51 or se5 only by ,him :o see? 9 secret1 8 conduct is ! same1--= ! pr9ciples on :i* he acts h1 9 bo? situations1 equal influ5ce4 ,9 ! ord9>y conc]ns ( life1 ! p[] ( ^! pr9ciples is equally obvi\s4 ,:e!r he engage 9 its bus9ess1 or p>take ( its enjoym5ts2--:e!r he enc\nt] its difficulties1 or meet its pa9s1 disappo9tm5ts1 & sorr[s1--he walks ?r\gh ! :ole ) ! calm dignity ( "o :o views all ! ev5ts ( ! pres5t life1 9 !n imm$iate ref]5ce to a life :i* is to come4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! high consi/5cy ( "*1 :i* results f ?is regulat$ condition ( ! moral feel+s1 t5ds ?us to promote a due att5tion to ! v>i\s responsibilities connect$ ) ! situation 9 :i* ! individual is plac$4 ,x does s1 by lead+ him1 ) anxi\s consid]ation1 to feel 8 way ?r\gh ^! requirem5ts1 & to recognise ! supreme au?ority ( consci5ce ov] 8 :ole moral sy/em4 ,x does s1 especially1 by habitually rais+ 8 views to ! et]nal ,"o1 :o is ! witness ( all 8 conduct1 & to :om he is responsible = 8 actions 9 ea* relation ( life4 ,x ?us t5ds to pres]ve him f all ^? p>tial & inconsi/5t c\rses1 into :i* m5 are l$ by ! m]e desire ( approbation1 or love ( di/9ction1 or by any o!r ( ^? inf]ior motives :i* are really resolvable into self-love4 ,su* uni=mity ( moral feel+ is equally oppos$ to ano!r di/ortion ( "*1 n less at v>iance ) a s\nd condition ( ! m9d4 ,?is is :at may be call$ religi\s pret5sion1 %[+ itself by mu* zeal = p>ticul> op9ions & c]ta9 ext]nal obs]vances1 :ile !re is no correspond+ influ5ce ^u ! moral feel+s & ! "*4 ,! tru?s1 :i* =m ! great object ( religi\s belief1 are ( s mom5t\s a k9d1 t1 :5 !y are really believ$1 !y _c fail to produce effects ( ! mo/ decid$ & mo/ ext5sive nature2--&1 :]e ?is influ5ce is n /eadily exhibit$1 !re is a fatal error 9 ! moral economy1--!re is ei!r self-deception1 or an int5tion to deceive o!rs4 ,f su* inconsi/5cy ( "* arises an evil1 :i* has a mo/ injuri\s influ5ce ^u two descriptions ( p]sons4 ,^? ( "o class are l$ to assign an undue importance to ! pr(ession ( a peculi> cre$ & ! m]e ext]nals ( religion1--to c]ta9 obs]vations :i* are consid]$ z *>act]i/ic ( a p>ticul> p>ty1 & to ab/95ce f c]ta9 indulg5ces or pursuits :i* t p>ty disapprove4 ,^? ( ! o!r class1 f9d+1 9 _m in/ances1 mu* zeal = ^! peculi>ities1 )\t a /ate ( moral feel+ adapt$ to ! tru?s :i* are pr(ess$1 are apt to consid] ! :ole z ei!r pret5ce or delusion4 ,9 _! mutual error !re is to bo? matt] ( important w>n+4 ,x becomes ! latt] to bew>e1 le/1 misl$ by ! fail+s ( weak or inconsi/5t m51 !y )draw _! att5tion f tru?s ( solemn import to !mselves z moral be+s4 ,!re may be mu* pret5sion :]e !re is no real feel+2 b are !y f ?is entitl$ to inf]1 !re is n a reality 9 t :i* ^! pret5d]s c\nt]feit4 ,by a slight gild+1 articles ( trifl+ value are made to assume ! appe>ance ( gold2 b w\ld x be reasonable to cont5d1 t !re are no articles ( intr9sic wor? :i* ^! are made to imitate4 ,! fair induction is1 9 bo? in/ances1 ! opposite4 ,7 !re no su* articles ( pure gold1 ?is +5uity w\ld n be employ$ 9 fabricat+ base imitations2 & ! hypocrite w\ld n assume qualities he does n possess1 :]e !re n real virtues1 f a resemblance to :i* he hopes to procure = 8 "* t o/5sible value :i* may enable x to deceive4 ,b let ^? :o h detect$ ?is deception bew>e ( f\nd+ ^u x conclusions :i* x does n w>rant4 ,!y h n f\nd ! reality "h1 b !re is n ! less a pure & high /&>d :i* claims _! utmo/ reg>d4 ,if !y se>* = x ei!r among inconsi/5t or among design+ m51 !y seek ! liv+ among ! dead4 ,let !m contemplate x especially z x is display$ 9 ! "* ( ! ,messiah3 9 him x 0 exhibit$ 9 a mann] :i* dem&s ! imitation ( e rational man1 :ile x *all5ges ! cordial ass5t ( ! mo/ acute und]/&+1 t ?is is ! p]fection ( a moral be+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 let ^?1 :o pr(ess to be influ5c$ by ! highe/ ( all motives1 /udy to exhibit _! habitual influ5ce 9 a consi/5t uni=mity ( ! :ole "*4 ,x is easy to acquire a peculi> phraseology1 to %[ mu* zeal = peculi> op9ions1 & rigid att5tion to peculi> obs]vances2 &1 among a p>ty1 x is n difficult to procure a "n1 by condemn+ c]ta9 o!r compliances :i* by !m are te*nically /yl$ ! mann]s ( ! _w4 ,b all ?is1 x is evid5t1 may be assum$2 x may be1 & probably (t5 is1 no bett] ?an a "n2 x (t5 am\nts to no?+ m ?an sub/itut+ "o k9d ( excitem5t = ano!r1 :ile ! moral be+ cont9ues un*ang$4 ,true religion is seat$ 9 ! he>t1 & s5ds out f !nce a purify+ influ5ce ov] ! :ole "*4 ,9 its ess5tial nature x is a conte/ )91 op5 only to ! eye ( ,him :o see? 9 secret4 ,x seeks n1 !re=e1 ! applause ( m52 & x %r9ks f t spuri\s religionism ^: prom95t *>act]s are talk1 & pret5sion1 & ext]nal obs]vance1 (t5 accompani$ by un*>itable c5sure4 ,l its div9e patt]n1 x is meek & l[ly1--x is pure & peaceable1 g5tle & easy to be intreat$1 full ( m]cy & ( good fruits1 )\t p>tiality & )\t hypocrisy4 ,x aims n at an o/5tati\s display ( pr9ciples1 b at a /eady exhibition ( fruits4 ,qualities1 :i* x cultivates ) especial c>e1 are humility1 & *>ity1 & m]cy1--! mortification ( e selfi% passion1 & ! d5ial ( e selfi% indulg5ce4 ,:5 ?us exhibit$ 9 its true & g5u9e *>act]s1 x comm&s ! respect ( e s\nd und]/&+1 & *all5ges ! ass5t ( all to its reality & its tru?1 z ! highe/ pr9ciple t c regulate ! conduct ( a moral be+4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,relation ,,( ,,man ,,t[>ds ,,! ,,deity4 ,! heal?y /ate ( a moral be+ is /rik+ly ref]r$1 9 ! sacr$ writ+s1 to ?ree great heads1--ju/ice1--b5evol5ce1--& a con=mity ( ! moral feel+s to a rev]5tial s5se ( ! pres5ce & p]fections ( ! ,deity2--to d ju/ly1 to love m]cy1 & to walk humbly ) ?y ,god4 ,! two =m] ( ^! consid]ations lead u to ! duties :i* a man owes to 8 fell[-m52--! latt] calls our att5tion to t homage ( ! m9d & ( ! he>t :i* he owes peculi>ly to ,god4 ,= ! duties ( ! =m] class we are equally responsible to him1 z ! moral ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se1 b _! imm$iate ref]5ce is to our connexions ) o!r m52--^? ( ! latt] class respect our relation to ! ,deity himself1 & consequ5tly consi/1 9 a great measure1 9 ! purity & devot$ness ( ! m9d4 ,9 human sy/ems ( e?ics1 att5tion has be5 *iefly direct$ to ! obligations ( social & relative morality2--b ! two classes are closely associat$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s2 & ! s\nd condition ( ! moral feel+s is po9t$ out z t acquirem5t :i*1 along ) a correspond+ integrity ( "*1 qualifies man1 9 an especial mann]1 = int]c\rse ) ! ,deity4 ,:o %all asc5d unto ! hill ( ! ,"l1 or :o %all /& 9 8 holy place4 ,he t ha? clean h&s & a pure he>t1 :o ha? n lift$ up 8 s\l unto vanity1 nor sworn1 deceitfully4--,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t1 = !y %all see ,god4 ,su* decl>ations *all5ge ! ass5t & absolute conviction ( e s\nd und]/&+4 ,are we1 z responsible creatures1 plac$ 9 imm$iate relation to a great moral ,gov]nor1 a be+ ( inf9ite purity & b\ndless p]fections3--,is ! /ructure ( our bodies1 & ! /ill m wond]ful fabric ( our m9ds1 alike ! "w ( 8 h&3--,!n x is impossible to put away f u ! impression1--t ea* movem5t ( ^! m9ds mu/ be fully expos$ to 8 inspection4 ,x is equally impossible to repel f u ! solemn tru?1--t x is by ! desires1 ! feel+s1 & ! motives ( action :i* exi/ !re1 t our condition is to be e/imat$ 9 8 sight1--& t a man1 ^: conduct to 8 fell[-m5 does n violate propriety & ju/ice1 may be 9 a /ate ( moral degradation 9 ! eyes ( him :o see? 9 secret2--=1 says ! sacr$ writ]1 man looke? on ! outw>d appe>ance1 b ! ,"l looke? on ! he>t4 ,!re _c1 !re=e1 be an inquiry ( m int5se int]e/1 ?an :at is t condition ( ! he>t & ( ! m9d :i* e man ought to seek aft]1 :5 he consid]s himself z expos$ to ! cont9ual inspection ( ! ,almighty4 ,x may1 p]haps1 be briefly ref]r$ to ! foll[+ heads4 ,i4 ,a habitual ef=t to cultivate a s5se ( ! div9e pres5ce1--& a habitual desire to h ! :ole moral condition regulat$ by ?is impression4 ,x implies1 !re=e1 sacr$ respect to ! "* ( ! ,deity1 & is oppos$ to e k9d ( pr(an5ess1 or aught by :i* "o might weak51 9 himself or o!rs1 ! rev]5tial feel+ due t[>ds ! "*1 & ev5 ! "n ( ! ,almighty4 ,?is mu/ be ext5d$1 n to ! outw>d conduct alone1 b to ! desires & affections ( ! he>t4 ,!re is a /ate ( m9d =m]ly ref]r$ to1 9 :i* a desire1 :i* ! moral feel+s disapprove1 may n be foll[$ by volition2 :ile ! desire is /ill indulg$1 & ! m9d is all[$ to *]i% x ) "s feel+ ( regret1 or ev5 to luxuriate ) a s5se ( pleasure 9 ! imag9>y gratification4 ,9 ! same mann]1 a malevol5t affection to our fell[-m5 may be *eck$ f produc+ injuri\s conduct1 :ile ! feel+ /ill rankles 9 ! he>t1 9 ! =m ( envy or hatr$4 ,^! m5tal conditions1 :ile !y are widely at v>iance ) ! heal?y /ate ( a rational & responsible be+1 mu/ be reg>d$ by ! ,deity z con/itut+ moral guilt & moral degradation4 ,nor is x only on ! m9d1 :i* *]i%es malevol5t passions & impure desires & imag9ations1 t ! ,holy ,"o mu/ look ) a feel+ ( condemnation4 ,!re may be ano!r m5tal condition1 9 :i* ! ?\ghts & desires are direct$ to transi5t & frivol\s objects1 & ?us run to wa/e amid ! trifles ( ! pass+ h\r1 )\t any feel+ ( ! tru?s & motives :i* dem& ! att5tion ( moral be+s4 ,! pursuits ( su* a man may h no?+ 9 !m t is ref]able ei!r to impure desire or malevol5t affection4 ,!y may be ! acquisition ( weal?1--! grasp aft] p[]1--! love ( di/9ction1--or a devot$ness to m]ely trivial occupations2--:ile !re is a total neglect ( ^? great conc]ns :i* really dem& our *ief & highe/ reg>d4 ,amid ! legitimate & ev5 ! laudable pursuits ( ord9>y life1 we are too apt to lose sight ( ^? duties & responsibilities :i* att5d a /ate ( moral discipl9e1--& t culture ( ! s\l requir$ z a prep>ation = ! future /ate ( exi/5ce to :i* we are ha/5+4 ,b we _c d\bt t ^! consid]ations be> an important aspect 9 ! eye ( ! ,deity2 & t ! m9d 9 :i* !y hold n a habitual influ5ce is contemplat$ by him z 9 a /ate ( moral de/itution4 ,!re are1 accord+ly1 two classes ( *>act]s cle>ly po9t$ out 9 ! sacr$ writ+s1--namely1 "o 9 :om ! conduct indicates ! depravity )91--& ano!r1 9 :om ! ext]nal "* pres]ves a respectable aspect 9 ! e/imation ( m51 :ile ! moral feel+s are 9 a corrupt$ condition 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,we h =m]ly endeav\r$ to trace ! laws to :i* ?is fact is to be ref]r$1 on ! pr9ciples ( ! philosophy ( ! human m9d3--!y are *iefly two3 7#a47 ,we h se5 t !re are orig9al pr9ciples 9 our nature :i* lead to a c]ta9 ex]cise ( ju/ice1 v]acity1 & b5evol5ce1 indep5d5tly ( any recognition ( div9e au?ority4 ,!y are a "p ( our moral con/itution1 & calculat$ to promote important purposes 9 ! h>mony ( human society2 & !y c>ry along ) !m a c]ta9 pr9ciple ( reciprocal comp5sation1 :i* is entirely di/9ct f any impression ( _! moral aspect4 ,! man :o is defici5t 9 !m1 inde$1 incurs guilt2 b a c]ta9 dis*>ge ( !m may arise f m]e natural1 or ev5 selfi% feel+1 unconnect$ ) any s5se ( responsibility2 & ?is consequ5tly conveys no impression ( moral approbation4 ,9 ! v ex]cise ( !m a man receives 8 rew>d1 p>tly by a feel+ ( satisfaction1 :i* f ! con/itution ( 8 nature1 !y are calculat$ to yield1 & p>tly z a memb] ( t community :]e !y promote peace1 & ord]1 & h>mony2 & he is n entitl$ to look f>!r1 or to claim f !m any feel+ ( m]it 9 ! sight ( ! ,deity4 7#b47 ,a second pr9ciple1 :i* be>s an important relation to ?is subject1 is ! mann] 9 :i* a man's "* is influ5c$ by ! p>ticul> motive or pursuit to :i* he has resign$ ! guidance ( 8 conduct4 ,"o surr5d]s himself to ! animal prop5sities1 & becomes a selfi% pr(ligate1 ins5sible to e "r pr9ciple ( action1 :ile 8 deprav$ condition is obvi\s to all ar\nd him4 ,a second devotes himself to ambition2--& a ?ird to av>ice3--,^! rul+ passions1 x may be1 are f\nd to be adv]se to ! selfi% indulg5ce & op5 pr(ligacy ( ! =m]2 & a "* may arise out ( !m di/+ui%$ by mu* t is dec5t1 & respectable1 & wor?y ( approbation 9 ! eye ( man4 ,9 a f\r?1 ! rul+ motive may be ! desire ( e/eem & approbation2 & ?is may1 & (t5 does1 become a pr9ciple ( su* influ5ce1 z to ov]p[]1 9 a great measure1 ! selfi% prop5sities1 & to produce a "* e/imable n only = ju/ice & v]acity1 b a high degree ( active b5evol5ce4 ,su* a man sacrifices to 8 rul+ passion mu* t might be turn$ to ! purposes ( ambition1 av>ice1 or selfi% indulg5ce1 by ^? :o are guid$ by ^! prop5sities2 &1 9 do+ s1 he has 8 rew>d4 ,he f9ds x 9 ! gratification ( t pr9ciple :i* 9 him has become pr$om9ant2 &1 r ?an =feit ! e/eem ( ^? ^: approbation he values1 he w submit to mu* p]sonal ex]tion1 & sacrifice mu* selfi% advantage1 :i* o!rs might deem highly wor?y ( atta9m5t4 ,b all ?is may g on )\t any recognition ( div9e au?ority2 & may all exi/ 9 a man 9 :om !re is mu* impurity ( desire1 & mu* defici5cy ( moral feel+4 ,x is all ref]able to a motive ( a p]sonal nature1 &1 9 ! gratification ( ?is1 8 rul+ pr9ciple is satisfi$4 ,! /ate ( m9d :i* is "u ! influ5ce ( a habitual s5se ( ! div9e pres5ce may1 !re=e1 be consid]$ "u two relations1--! "o ref]r+ m imm$iately to ! ,deity1--! o!r to our fell[-m54 ,! =m] seems *iefly to include an ef=t to h e desire1 ?\ght1 & imag9ation ( ! he>t1 regulat$ by a s5se ( ! pres5ce & ! purity ( ,god1 & 9 con=mity to 8 w4 ,amid mu* feel+ ( defici5cy 9 ^! respects1 x leads our att5tion to t int]e/+ m5tal condition1 9 :i* !re is a conte/ & a w>f>e )91--& a prevail+ opposition to e ?+ t is at v>iance ) ! purity ( a moral be+4 ,! second division includes ! cultivation ( feel+s ( k9dness & b5evol5ce t[>ds all m52--! love ( ju/ice1--! love ( tru?1--! love ( peace1--! =giv5ess ( injuries1--! mortification ( selfi%ness2--9 a ^w1 ! e>ne/ & habitual desire to promote ! com=t & alleviate ! di/resses ( o!rs4 ,f ^! two m5tal conditions mu/ spr+ a "*1 di/+ui%$ alike by piety t[>ds ,god1 & by high integrity1 b5evol5ce1 & active usefulness t[>ds man4 ,he :o e>ne/ly cultivates ?is purity )91 feels t he requires cont9ual wat*fulness1 & a con/ant direction ( ! m9d to ^? tru?s & moral causes :i* are calculat$ to influ5ce 8 volitions4 ,he feels f>!r t he is 9 ne$ ( a might n 8 own 9 ?is high design2 b = ?is he kn[s also he c look1 ) humble confid5ce & hope1 :51 "u a s5se ( moral weakness1 he asks its p[]ful aid4 ,,ii4 ,a humble & dutiful submission to ! appo9tm5ts ( ,provid5ce1--z "p ( a great sy/em :i* is regulat$ by inf9ite wisdom4 ,! man1 :o be>s ^u 8 m9d ?is sublime impression1 has le>nt to contemplate ! ,almighty ,"o z dispos+ ( ! ev5ts ( ! l[] _w1 & assign+ to ea* ( 8 rational creatures ! place :i* he occupies4 ,t place1 :atev] x may be1 he p]ceives has atta*$ to x special duties & responsibilities1--& calls = ! cultivation ( moral qualities peculi>ly adapt$ to x4 ,is x "o ( com=t1 weal?1 or influ5ce1--solemn obligations arise out ( ! means ( usefulness :i* ^! comm&4 ,is x "o ( humble life1 privation1 or actual suff]+1--ea* ( ^! also has its peculi> duties1 & ea* is to be contemplat$ z belong+ to a great sy/em ( moral discipl9e1 9 :i* no "p c be want+ 9 consi/5cy ) ! h>mony ( ! :ole4 ,su* a submission ( ! s\l to ! appo9tm5ts ( ,god does n preclude ! use ( all legitimate means = bett]+ our condition1 or = prev5t+ or remov+ s\rces ( di/ress4 ,b :51 "u ! prop] use ( su* means1 ^! are n remov$1 x leads u habitually to t high] p[]1 to ^: w all su* attempts mu/ be subs]vi5t2--&1 :ile x elevates our ?\ghts above pres5t ev5ts & second causes1 x rem9ds u ( t great s*eme ( discipl9e ?r\gh :i* we are pass+1 & ! purposes :i* ^! ev5ts are calculat$ to promote 9 our own moral improvem5t4 ,view$ "u su* feel+s1 ! ills ( life lose t aspect 9 :i* we are too apt to contemplate !m2 & w be consid]$ ) new & peculi> int]e/1 z ess5tial to t sy/em1 ! great object ( :i* is to prep>e & purify u = a high] /ate ( be+4 ,,iii4 ,a s5se ( moral imp]fection & guilt1--& t humility & dev\t self-abasem5t :i* arise out ( x4 ,?is mu/ be a prom95t feel+ 9 e "o :o views 8 own conduct1 & 8 m5tal emotions1 9 ref]5ce to ! purity ( ,god4 ,x naturally leads to supplication = 8 m]cy & =giv5ess2 &1 9 ! wondr\s display ( 8 "*1 giv5 9 ! sacr$ writ+s1 a provision is disclos$1 9 virtue ( :i* ! ex]cise ( m]cy is made consi/5t ) ! tru? & ju/ice ( a moral gov]nor4 ,?is disp5sation ( peace we f9d habitually repres5t$ z adapt$ to man 9 a /ate ( spiritual de/itution3 & no m5tal condition is m frequ5tly ref]r$ to1 z acceptable ) ! ,deity1 ?an t :i* consi/s ( contrition & l[l9ess ( m9d4--,?us saye? ! high & l(ty ,"o t inhabite? et]nity1 ^: "n is ,holy2 ,i dwell 9 ! high & holy place1 ) him also t is ( a contrite & humble _s1--to revive ! _s ( ! humble1 & to revive ! he>t ( ! contrite ones4 ,) ?is /ate ( m9d is v naturally associat$ a s5se ( moral weakness1--& a con/ant reliance on div9e aid1 bo? = direction ?r\gh life1 & = ! culture ( ! moral be+4 ,,iv4 ,x is only necess>y to add1--a pr(\nd s5se ( gratitude & love t[>ds ! ,deity z ! giv] ( all good1--z our daily pres]v] & b5efactor4 ,^! feel+s w h a special ref]5ce to ! display :i* he has giv5 ( 8 "*1 z m]ciful1 graci\s1 & sl[ to ang]2 & to ! provision :i* he has made = ! recov]y & re/oration ( 8 fall5 creatures1 ?r\gh ,god manife/ 9 ! fle%4 ,( ?is div9e p]son1 & ! "w :i* he came to accompli%1 philosophy presumes n to speculate2--b we h se5 ! light af=d$1 by ! inductions ( moral sci5ce1 respect+ ! probability ( ?is revelation1--& its adaptation to ! actual /ate ( man 9 8 relation to ! ,deity4 ,we h se5 ! impression convey$ by ! "* ( ! ,messiah1 consid]$ m]ely z matt] ( hi/orical tru?1--exhibit+ su* a patt]n1 z nev] appe>$ 9 our _w1 except 9 him1 ( a pure & p]fect moral be+4 ,we h se51 f>!r1 ! incontrov]tible nature ( t evid5ce1 transmitt$ by te/imony1 & confirm$1 z x is1 9 a v peculi> mann]1 by p]iodical obs]vances1 on :i* ! :ole revelation is support$2--& ! inductions ( s\nd philosophy h>monize ) ! impressions ( ! man1 :o1 feel+ 8 own moral necessities1 yields 8 cordial ass5t to ?is my/]y ( ,god1 & seeks 9 its provisions 8 peace 9 ! life t n[ is1 & 8 hope = ! life t is to come4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ! :ole m5tal condition1 ?us slightly del9eat$1 !re w naturally arise a "* & conduct adapt$ to ! feel+s & pr9ciples :i* rule )94 ,?is implies1 z we h se51 a due regulation ( ! desires1 & a habitual direction ( !m to objects ( real & adequate importance1--a dilig5t cultivation & ex]cise ( all ! affections1--& a conduct di/+ui%$1 9 ! highe/ degree1 by purity1 integrity1 v]acity1 & active b5evol5ce4 ,x implies a pr(\nd submission to ! w ( ! ,almighty1 :i* puts to sil5ce e murmur+ or rep9+ ?\ght "u any disp5sation ( 8 provid5ce4 ,x compreh5ds ! habitual suppression ( e selfi% pr9ciple1 & ! con/ant aspiration aft] a /ate ( moral feel+1 :i* proposes to itself no l[] /&>d ?an t :i* w be> ! inspection ( a be+ ( inf9ite purity4 ,?is "* seems to correspond ) t high tone ( morals enjo9$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s4 ,its elem5ts are def9$ & cle>2--w\ld we seek to e/imate its sublimity & its tru?1 we h only to comp>e x ) ^? di/ort$ & temporiz+ sy/ems :i* h result$ f ! inv5tions ( m54 ,a feel+ ( dissatisfaction1 ! same 9 k9d1 ?\gh x may diff] 9 degree1 w atta* to !m all2 & !re is none 9 :i* we c confid5tly re/1 until we rise to ! sublime morality ( ! gospel4 ,t great sy/em ( e?ical purity comes to u "u ! sanction ( div9e revelation1 & e/abli%$ by ! miracul\s evid5ce by :i* ! pro( ( ?is is convey$2 b x is indep5d5t ( any o!r support ?an t :i* x c>ries 9 itself1--consi/5cy ) ! "* ( ,god1--& h>mony ) ! be/ feel+s ( man4 ,9 yield+ an absolute cons5t to its supreme au?ority1 we require no ext]nal evid5ce4 ,we h only to look at ! record 9 its own maje/ic simplicity1 tri$ by ! highe/ inductions ( ! philosophy ( ! moral feel+s1 to enable u to po9t to ! morality ( ! gospel1 & to say ) un%r9k+ confid5ce1--?is is tru?4 ,if we w\ld seek = t1 :i* mu/ be ( all conceivable ?+s ( ! highe/ mom5t bo? = ! peace & ! improvem5t ( ! moral be+1 x is to be f\nd 9 ! habit ( m9d1 9 :i* !re is ! uni=m contemplation ( ! div9e "*1 ) a con/ant reliance on ! guidance ( ! ,almighty 9 e action ( life4 ,"o ?+1 says an inspir$ writ]1 h ,i desir$ ( ! ,"l1 t w ,i seek aft]2 t ,i may dwell 9 ! h\se ( ! ,"l all ! days ( my life1 to behold ! beauty ( ! ,"l1 & to inquire 9 8 temple4--,! man1 :o ?us cultivates ! habitual impression ( ! div9e pres5ce1 lives 9 an atmosph]e peculi>ly 8 own4 ,! /orms :i* agitate ! l[] _w may bl[ ar\nd or b5ea?1 b !y t\* n him2--z ! travell] has se5 f ! m\nta9's top ! w> ( elem5ts bel[1 :ile he /ood 9 uncl\d$ sun%9e4 ,9 ! works1 & ways1 & p]fections ( ! ,et]nal ,"o1 he f9ds a subject ( exalt$ contemplation1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! highe/ inquiries ( human sci5ce s9k into insignificance4 ,x is an ex]cise1 also1 :i* t5ds at once to elevate & to purify ! m9d4 ,x raises u f ! m9or conc]ns & transi5t int]e/s :i* are s apt to occupy u1--to t wondr\s field 9 :i* worlds on worlds compose "o univ]se1--& to t m9d :i* bade !m move 9 _! appo9t$ orbits1 & ma9ta9s !m all 9 undeviat+ h>mony4 ,:ile x ?us tea*es u to b5d 9 humble adoration be=e a wisdom :i* we _c fa?om1 & a p[] :i* we _c compreh5d1 x directs our att5tion to a display ( moral attributes :i* at once *all5ge our rev]5ce & dem& our imitation4 ,by ?us lead+ u to comp>e ourselves ) ! supreme excell5ce1 x t5ds to produce true humility1 &1 at ! same "t1 t habitual aspiration aft] moral improvem5t :i* con/itutes ! highe/ /ate ( man4 ,! pr\d1 says an eloqu5t writ]1 look d[n ^u ! e>?1 & see no?+ t creeps ^u its surface m noble ?an !mselves2--! humble look upw>ds to _! ,god4 ,?is disposition ( m9d1 s f> f be+ oppos$ to ! acquirem5ts ( philosophy1 sits ) peculi> grace ^u ! man :o1 ?r\gh ! mo/ zeal\s cultivation ( human sci5ce1 asc5ds to ! ,et]nal ,cause4 ,! f>!r he advances 9 ! wond]s ( nature1 ! high] he rises 9 8 adoration ( ! p[] & ! wisdom :i* guide ! :ole2--,:]e o!rs see a sun1 he sees a ,deity4 ,& !n1 9 e /ep ( life1 :e!r ( dang]1 di/ress1 or difficulty1 ! man :o cultivates ?is int]c\rse ) ! incompreh5sible ,"o inquires 9 8 temple4 ,he inquires = ! guidance ( div9e wisdom1 & ! /r5g? ( div9e aid1 9 8 progress ?r\gh ! /ate ( moral discipl9e2--he inquires1 9 a peculi> mann]1 = ?is aid 9 ! culture ( 8 moral be+1 :5 he views ?is mighty und]tak+ 9 its important ref]5ce to ! life :i* is to come2--he inquires = a disc]nm5t ( ! ways ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 z he ei!r feels x 9 8 own conc]ns1 or views x 9 ! *a9 ( ev5ts :i* are go+ on 9 ! _w ar\nd him4 ,he le>ns to trace ! :ole to ! same un]r+ h& :i* guides ! planet 9 its c\rse2 & ?us re/s 9 ! absolute conviction t ! economy ( ,provid5ce is "o great & magnific5t sy/em ( design & ord] & h>mony4 ,^!1 we repeat ) confid5ce1 are no visions ( ! imag9ation1 b ! s\nd inductions ( a calm & rational philosophy4 ,!y are conclusions :i* compel ! ass5t ( e c&id inquir]1 :5 he foll[s out t inve/igation ( mighty import1--:at is ,god1--& :at is t ess5ce 9 man :i* he has end[$ ) ! p[] ( ris+ to himself4 ,to enl>ge ^u ^! important subjects w\ld lead u away f ! prop] design ( a "w1 :i* is int5d$ *iefly to inve/igate ! light we d]ive f ! ph5om5a ( ! m9d itself4 ,! po9ts :i* h be5 /at$1 z aris+ out ( ! impressions ( e s\nd und]/&+1 *all5ge ! ass5t ( all :o believe 9 a pres5t & presid+ ,deity1--a be+ ( inf9ite p[] & wisdom1 & ( p]fect purity4 ,) him :o calls 9 "q ?is sublime tru?1 we h no common feel+1 & no mutual premises on :i* an argum5t c be f\nd$4 ,we mu/ !re=e leave him to sit 9 solit>y pride1 :ile he views ! *aos :i* 8 fancy has fram$1 & /rives to reconcile ! discordant elem5ts ( a sy/em1 9 :i* !re are effects )\t a cause1 & h>mony )\t a regulat+ p[]2 & 9 :i* ! m9d c p]ceive no elem5t ( cr$ibility1 consi/5cy1 or tru?4 ,) ?is slight outl9e1 !re=e1 we mu/ quit a subject ( ! deepe/ int]e/1 b :i* belongs r to ! !ologian ?an to ! inquir] 9 m5tal sci5ce2--& proce$ briefly to inve/igate ! means by :i* ! condition ( ! moral feel+s1 :i* has be5 ! subject ( ! prec$+ obs]vations1 may be promot$ & cultivat$ z ! regulat+ pr9ciple ( ! :ole "*4 ,two views may be tak5 ( ?is po9t1 :i*1 ?\gh !y h>monize ) ea* o!r 9 practice1 are to be consid]$ 9 _! philosophical aspect z di/9ct4 ,! re/oration ( man f a /ate ( e/rangem5t1 an>*y1 or moral dea?1 we are taught 9 ! sacr$ writ+s to ref] to a p[] f )\t ! m9d1--an influ5ce directly f ,god4 ,we h se5 ! v>i\s consid]ations d]iv$ f ! ph5om5a ( ! m9d1 & our impressions ( ! div9e "*1 giv+ to ?is great doctr9e a probability :i* claims ! ass5t ( e correct und]/&+4 ,b1 )\t 9 any degree los+ sight ( ! tru? & ! importance ( ?is pr9ciple1 ! imm$iate object ( our att5tion1 z a bran* ( m5tal sci5ce1 is r ! process ( ! m9d itself1 by means ( :i* a habitual influ5ce is produc$ ^u ! :ole "*4 ,?is is a comp\nd op]ation :i* may probably be analys$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,x seems to be compos$ ( reason1--att5tion1--& a modification ( conception4 ,! prov9ce ( ,reason is to exam9e ! tru? ( ! /atem5ts or doctr9es1 :i* are propos$ to ! m9d1 z calculat$ to act ^u its moral feel+s2--&1 ^u ?is be+ done 9 a correct mann]1 mu/ dep5d ! validity ( ! subsequ5t p>ts ( ! m5tal process4 ,?is be+ premis$1 x is ! (fice ( ,att5tion1 aid$ by reason1 to direct ! m9d assidu\sly to ! tru?s1 s z fully to p]ceive _! relations & t5d5cies4 ,by ! f>!r process1 analog\s to ,conception1 !y are !n plac$ be=e u1 9 su* a mann] z to give !m ! effect ( real & pres5t exi/5ce4 ,by ^! means1 tru?s relat+ to ?+s = :i* we h n ! evid5ce ( our s5ses1 or ref]r+ to ev5ts :i* are future1 b fully expect$ to happ51 are kept be=e ! m9d1 & influ5ce ! moral feel+s & ! "*1 9 ! same mann] z if ! facts believ$ 7 actually se51 or ! ev5ts expect$ 7 tak+ place 9 our view4 ,?is m5tal op]ation is ,fai?2--&1 = ! s\nd ex]cise ( x1 ! con/itu5t elem5ts n[ m5tion$ are ess5tially necess>y4 ,! tru? mu/ be receiv$ by ! judgm5t ^u adequate evid5ce2 &1 by ! o!r p>ts ( ! process1 x mu/ be s kept be=e ! m9d1 t x may ex]cise su* a moral influ5ce z might arise f ! actual vision or pres5t exi/5ce1 ( ! ?+s believ$4 ,att5tion to ^! consid]ations w probably enable u to discov] "s ( ! fallacies :i* h obscur$ & bewild]$ ?is important subject4 ,:5 ! impression1 :i* is ?us all[$ to influ5ce ! m9d1 is "o :i* has n be5 receiv$ by ! judgm5t1 ^u due exam9ation1 & adequate evid5ce ( its tru?1--?is is en?usiasm1 n fai?4--,our pres5t c\rse ( inquiry does n lead u to treat ( ! notions :i* h1 9 v>i\s individuals1 be5 ?us all[$ to usurp ! place ( tru?4 ,to ^? :o w\ld pres]ve !mselves f ! influ5ce ( su*1 ! fir/ great inquiry1 respect+ _! own m5tal impressions1 ought to be1--are !y facts1--& on :at evid5ce d !y re/ :i* c satisfy a s\nd und]/&+ t !y are s4 ,on ! o!r h& is to be avoid$ an error1 n less dang]\s ?an ! wilde/ fancies ( ! en?usia/1 & n less unwor?y ( a regulat$ m9d4 ,?is consi/s 9 treat+ real & important tru?s z if !y 7 visions ( ! imag9ation1 & ?us dismiss+ !m1 )\t exam9ation1 f ! influ5ce :i* !y ought to produce ^u ! moral feel+s4 ,x is s+ul> also to rem>k1 h[ ^! two modifications ( "* may be trac$ to a condition ( ! reason+ p[]s1 ess5tially ! same4 ,! =m] receives a fiction ( ! imag9ation1 & re/s ^u x z tru?4 ,! latt]1 act+ ^u "s prejudice or m5tal impression1 :i* has probably no bett] f\ndation1 puts away real & important tru?s )\t any exam9ation ( ! evid5ce on :i* !y are f\nd$4 ,! misapplication ( ! reason+ p[]s is ! same 9 bo?4 ,x consi/s 9 proce$+ ^u m]e impression1 )\t ex]cis+ ! judgm5t on ! "q ( its evid5ce1--or on ! facts & consid]ations :i* are oppos$ to x4 ,two *>act]s ( a v opposite description ?us meet 9 t m5tal condition1 :i* draws !m equally1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t directions1 a/ray f ! tru?4 ,:5 a tru? has fully receiv$ ! sanction ( ! judgm5t1 ! second (fice ( fai? is1 by att5tion & conception1 to keep x habitually be=e ! m9d1 s t x may produce its prop] influ5ce ^u ! "*4 ,?is is to live by fai?2--& 9 ?is consi/s t op]ation ( ! great pr9ciple1 :i* effectually di/+ui%es x f all pret5d$ feel+s & impressions assum+ its "n4 ,we speak1 9 common language1 ( a head-k :i* does n affect ! he>t2--& ( a man :o is s\nd 9 8 cre$1 :ile he %ews little ( its influ5ce ^u 8 conduct4 ,! m5tal condition ( su* a man pres5ts a subject ( int5se int]e/4 ,8 alleg$ belief1 x is probable1 consi/s m]ely 9 words1 or 9 argu+ +5i\sly on po9ts to :i* he atta*es no real value4 ,^! may h be5 impress$ ^u him by education2--!y may con/itute ! cre$ ( a p>ty to :i* he has devot$ himself2 & he may argue 9 support ( !m ) all ! en]gy ( p>ty zeal4 ,9 ! same mann]1 a man may cont5d w>mly 9 fav\r ( compassion1 ^: conduct %[s a cold & b>r5 selfi%ness2--b ?is is n b5evol5ce2--& ! o!r is n fai?4 ,bo? are empty pr(essions ( a belief 9 c]ta9 tru?s1 :i* h nev] fix$ !mselves 9 ! m9d1 s z to become regulat+ pr9ciples or moral causes 9 ! m5tal con/itution4 ,we may inde$ suppose ano!r "*1 slightly remov$ f ?is1 9 :i* ! tru?s h really receiv$ ! approbation ( ! judgm5t1 & yet fail to produce _! prop] influ5ce4 ,?is arises f di/ort$ moral habits1 & a vitiat$ /ate ( ! moral faculties1 :i* h de/roy$ ! heal?y balance ( ! :ole economy ( ! m9d4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t ! man p]ceives & approves ( tru?s1 )\t feel+ _! t5d5cies1 & )\t manife/+ _! p[]4 ,intimately connect$ ) ?is subject1 also1 is a rem>kable pr9ciple 9 our m5tal con/itution1 =m]ly ref]r$ to1--! relation betwe5 c]ta9 facts or tru?s1 & c]ta9 moral emotions1 :i* naturally arise f !m1 accord+ to ! *a9 ( sequ5ces :i* has be5 e/abli%$ 9 ! economy ( ! m9d4 ,a close connexion ?us exi/s betwe5 our intellectual habits & our moral feel+s1 :i* leads to consequ5ces ( ! utmo/ practical mom5t4 ,?\gh we h little imm$iate volunt>y p[] ov] our moral emotions1 we h a p[] ov] ! intellectual processes ) :i* ^! are associat$4 ,we c direct ! m9d to tru?s1 & we c *]i% tra9s ( ?\ght1 :i* are calculat$ to produce correct moral feel+s2--& we c avoid or bani% m5tal images or tra9s ( ?\ght1 :i* h an opposite t5d5cy4 ,?is is ! p[] ov] ! succession ( our ?\ghts1 ! due ex]cise ( :i* =ms s important a feature ( a well-regulat$ m9d1 9 reg>d to intellectual culture2--its influ5ce ^u u z moral be+s is ( /ill high] & m vital importance4 ,! s\nd ex]cise ( t m5tal condition :i* we call ,fai? consi/s1 !re=e1 9 ! reception ( c]ta9 tru?s by ! judgm5t1--! prop] direction ( ! att5tion to _! moral t5d5cies1--& ! habitual influ5ce ( !m ^u ! feel+s & ! conduct4 ,:5 ! sacr$ writ]s tell u t1 )\t fai?1 x is impossible to please ,god1--& :5 !y speak ( a man be+ sav$ by fai?1--x is n to a m]e admission ( c]ta9 tru?s z "p ( 8 cre$1 t !y ascribe consequ5ces s important2 b to a /ate 9 :i* ^! tru?s are uni=mly foll[$ out to c]ta9 results1 :i* !y are calculat$ to produce1 accord+ to ! usual c\rse ( sequ5ces 9 e s\nd m9d4 ,?is pr9ciple is /rik+ly illu/rat$ by "o ( ^! writ]s1 by ref]5ce to a simple n>rative4 ,dur+ ! invasion ( ,canaan by ! armies ( ,israel1 two m5 7 s5t =w>d z spies to br+ a report conc]n+ ! city ( ,j]i*o4 ,! p]sons engag$ 9 ?is mission 7 receiv$ 9 a fri5dly mann]1 by a woman ^: h\se 0 ^u ! wall ( ! city2--:5 _! pres5ce 0 discov]$1 %e hid !m f _! pursu]s2 & f9ally enabl$ !m to escape1 by lett+ !m d[n by a cord f a w9d[4 ,be=e tak+ leave ( !m1 %e express$ h] firm conviction1 t ! army to :i* !y belong$ 0 soon to take possession ( ,j]i*o1 & ( ! :ole c\ntry1 & %e made !m swe> to h] t1 :5 ?is %\ld take place1 !y w\ld %ew m]cy to h] fa!r's h\se4 ,! engagem5t 0 /rictly fulfill$4 ,:5 ! city 0 tak51 & ! o!r inhabitants de/roy$1 ! woman 0 pres]v$1 ) all h] k9dr$4 ,9 ?is v simple occurr5ce1 ! woman is repres5t$1 by ! sacr$ writ]1 z hav+ be5 sav$ by fai?4 ,! object ( h] fai? 0 ! ev5t :i* %e confid5tly expect$1--t ! city ( ,j]i*o 0 to be de/roy$4 ,! gr\nd ( h] fai? 0 ! rapid mann] 9 :i* ! mo/ p[]ful nations _h already fall5 be=e ! armies ( ,israel1--l$1 z %e believ$1 by a div9e p[]4 ,act+ ^u ?is conviction1 9 ! mann] 9 :i* a belief s deeply affect+ h] p]sonal safety 0 likely to influ5ce any s\nd m9d1 %e took means = h] pres]vation1 by mak+ fri5ds ( ! spies4 ,h] fai? sav$ h]1 because )\t x %e w\ld n h made ?is provision2 b1 unless %e _h foll[$ out h] belief to ! measure :i* 0 calculat$ to effect ?is object1 ! m]e belief ( ! ev5t w\ld h avail$ h] no?+4 ,:5 we !re=e ascribe important results to fai?1 or to any o!r m5tal op]ation1 we ascribe !m n to ! op]ation itself1 b to ?is foll[$ out to ! consequ5ces :i* x naturally produces1 accord+ to ! con/itution ( ! human m9d4 ,9 ! same mann]1 we may speak ( "o man1 9 a c]ta9 /ate ( dang] or difficulty1 be+ sav$ by 8 wisdom1 & ano!r by 8 /r5g?4 ,9 do+ s1 we ascribe su* results1 n to ! m]e possession ( ^! qualities1 b to ! ef=ts :i* naturally arose f !m1 9 ! circum/ances 9 :i* ! individual 0 plac$4 ,&1 :5 ! inspir$ writ] says1 t )\t fai? x is impossible to please ,god1--he c]ta9ly ref]s to no m]e m5tal impression1 & to no b>r5 sy/em ( op9ions2 b to ! reception ( c]ta9 tru?s1 :i* 9 our pres5t /ate ( be+ are entirely ! objects ( fai?1 & to all t influ5ce1 ^u ! moral feel+s & ! "*1 :i* ^! mu/ produce ^u e m9d t really believes !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ?is great subject1 mu* misconception appe>s to h aris5 f n suffici5tly att5d+ to ! condition 9 :i*1 z moral be+s1 we are plac$ 9 ! pres5t /ate ( exi/5ce1 & ! important "p :i* mu/ be p]=m$ by ! m5tal ex]cise call$ fai?4 ,z physical & intellectual be+s1 we h c]ta9 relations to ! objects by :i* we are surr\nd$1 & ) ^! we communicate by means ( our bodily s5ses4 ,b1 z moral be+s1 our relations are entirely ( a diff]5t nature2 & ! facts & motives1 :i* are calculat$ to act ^u u 9 ^! relations1 are *iefly ! objects ( fai?3 t is1 !y are n cognizable by any ( our s5ses1 b are to be receiv$ by a diff]5t "p ( our con/itution1 & ^u a sep>ate k9d ( evid5ce4 ,?is1 accord+ly1 is ! simple b important di/9ction1 ref]r$ to by ! sacr$ writ]1 :51 9 allusion to our condition z moral be+s1 he says1--we walk by fai?1 n by sight4 ,! objects ( sight1 "h int5d$ to express all ! objects ( s5se1 ex]cise ov] u a habitual & p[]ful influ5ce4 ,!y con/antly obtrude !mselves ^u our notice )\t any ex]tion ( our own2 & x requires a peculi> ex]cise ( m9d to )draw our att5tion f !m1 & to feel ! p[] ( ev5ts :i* are future1 & ( ?+s :i* are n se54 ,?is m5tal ex]cise is ,fai?4 ,its special prov9ce1 z we h se51 is to receive tru?s :i* are pres5t$ directly to ! m9d1--to place !m be=e u ) all ! vividness ( actual & pres5t exi/5ce1--& to make !m ex]t ^u u an ag5cy analog\s to t :i* is produc$ by objects ( sight4 ,! next great po9t 9 our inquiry1 !re=e1 is1 :at are ! tru?s :i* are calculat$ ?us to op]ate ^u u z moral be+s1 & :i* x is ! object ( fai? to br+ habitually be=e u4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 we )draw our m9ds f ! influ5ce ( s5sible ?+s1 & s5d =? our att5tion to ^? tru?s :i* are ! prov9ce ( fai?1 ! fir/ great object :i* meets our view is ! et]nal incompreh5sible ,"o1 ! moral gov]nor ( ! univ]se1--a be+ ( inf9ite p]fections & inf9ite purity4 ,f ! /up5d\s works ( nature1 we trace 8 op]ation z ! great ,fir/ ,cause1--& inf]1 ) absolute c]ta9ty1 8 b\ndless p[] & wisdom1 & 8 indep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,! impress ( 8 moral attributes he has fix$ ) indelible c]ta9ty1 ^u our moral p]ceptions1--:]e1 9 ! light ( consci5ce1 co-op]at+ ) a simple process ( reason1 we p]ceive him to be a be+ ( inf9ite hol9ess1 & ( un]r+ tru? & ju/ice4 ,our k ( ^! attributes is n ! result ( any process ( reason+ :i* c admit ( delib]ation or d\bt4 ,!y =ce !mselves ^u our conviction by ! mo/ simple pr9ciples ( induction1 :51 f our own m5tal & moral end[m5ts1 we inf] ! p]fections ( him :o =m$ u4 ,f e conception we c =m ( su* a be+1 we h an equally insup]able conviction ( 8 univ]sal pres5ce1--t he is ! witness n only ( our conduct1 b ( ! ?\ghts & imag9ations ( ! he>t2--& t f ^!1 z indicat+ our real condition1 & n f our conduct alone1 our moral aspect is e/imat$ by him1--! pure & holy ,"o :o see? 9 secret4 ,ea* mom5t1 z x passes rapidly ov] u1 we "k is br++ u ne>] to t p]iod1 :5 all our hopes & fe>s = ?is _w %all lie ) u 9 ! grave4 ,b we feel also t ?is is ! entrance to ano!r /ate ( be+1--a /ate ( moral retribution1 :]e ! et]nal ,"o is to be disclos$ 9 all 8 attributes z a moral gov]nor4 ,^! consid]ations fix !mselves ^u ! m9d1 ) a feel+ ( yet new & m trem5d\s int]e/1 :5 we f>!r take into view t ?is future exi/5ce /ret*es out be=e u into endless duration4 ,?is is ! tru? s p[]fully express$ by ! sacr$ writ]1 9 t]ms :i* by _! brevity convey1 9 ! mo/ adequate mann]1 _! ov]:elm+ import1--,! ?+s :i* are se5 are temporal1 b ! ?+s :i* are n se5 are et]nal4 ,^! tru?s are n ! visions ( en?usiasm2 nei!r are !y ! result ( any process ( reason+1 by :i* diff]5t m5 may arrive at diff]5t conclusions4 ,!y =ce !mselves ^u our conviction ) a p[] :i* we _c put away f u1 :5 we turn our att5tion to ! solemn inquiry1 :at we are1 & :at is ,god4 ,9 ! sacr$ writ+s !y are detail$ & illu/rat$1 9 a connect$ & h>moni\s mann]2 & are impress$ ^u u ) ! =ce ( a revelation f ! ,deity himself4 ,b ! pr9ciples !re disclos$ meet ) an impression1 9 our moral con/itution1 :i* pleads ) au?ority = _! tru?4 ,x is ! prov9ce ( fai? to keep ^! habitually be=e ! m9d1 & to cause !m to influ5ce ! feel+s & ! conduct1 z if !y 7 objects ( s5se1--z if ! ,deity1 9 all ! purity ( 8 "* 7 actually disclos$ to our view1--or z if we 7 pres5t at t dread h\r :i* %all witness 8 righte\s retribution4 ,! man :o ?us feels _! p[]1 & exhibits _! influ5ce ^u 8 "*1 is he :o lives by fai?4 ,:51 "u ?is m5tal ex]cise1 a man br+s himself into ! imm$iate pres5ce ( ! et]nal ,"o2--:5 he arraigns himself1 z x 71 be=e ! b> ( ! omnisci5t ,judge2--:5 he places be=e him t future /ate :i* /ret*es =? into endless exi/5ce1--a tra9 ( feel+s mu/ arise 9 8 m9d1 to :i* he 0 a /rang]1 s long z he placidly resign$ himself to ! influ5ce ( s5sible ?+s4 ,he views ?is be+ ( inf9ite purity1 z "o :o has be5 all 8 life ! daily witness ( 8 conduct2 & feels t ev5 ! secrets ( ! he>t h be5 at all times op5 to div9e inspection4 ,ea* day1 z x pass$ unhe$$ ov] him1 0 a portion gone by ( 8 p]iod ( moral discipl9e2 & ea*1 z x glid$ amid ! frivolities ( life1 or ! active pursuit ( temporal good1 _h its moral aspect assign$ to x 9 ! judgm5t ( ! et]nal m9d4 ,along ) ^! impressions1 :i* no reflect+ man c put away f him1 a voice )9 =ces ^u him ! conviction1 t1 7 8 :ole hi/ory disclos$ to 8 fell[-m51 he w\ld1 ev5 9 _! e/imation1 be f\nd want+4 ,h[ mu* m deeply mu/ ?is be fix$ ^u 8 inmo/ s\l1 :5 he feels t ! :ole is1 at "o glance1 expos$ to ! eye ( omnisci5ce2 & t an h\r is rapidly approa*+1 :5 a /rict acc\nt mu/ be r5d]$1 & a righte\s s5t5ce pron\nc$1 ! result ( :i* w ext5d into et]nal exi/5ce4 ,) ^! tru?s ^u 8 m9d1 :at reflect+ man c view1 )\t awe1 ! mom5t :i* is to close 8 /ate ( moral discipl9e1--:51 dis5cumb]$ f 8 e>?ly t5em5t1 he %all f9d himself alone ) ,god1--& !re %all bur/ ^u 8 a/oni%$ faculties ! blaze ( an endless day4 ,^! are n speculations ( fancy1 b et]nal tru?4 ,! man :o habitually acts "u _! influ5ce1 kn[s t 8 fai? re/s ^u a conviction :i* _c be %ak51 :5 he recognises 9 all 8 ways ! pres5ce & ! inspection ( ! ,deity1--:5 he feels ! obligation to h ev5 ! desires & affections "u subjection to 8 w1--& :5 he resigns himself to 8 guidance & asks 8 p[]ful aid1 bo? = ! conduct ( ?is life1 & ! prep>ation = ! life :i* is to come4 99 99 99 99 99 ,solemn is ! h\r :5 a man ?us retires f ! tumult ( life1 & s]i\sly proposes to himself ! "q1--:at is 8 condition z a moral be+2 :at h be5 8 lead+ pursuits 9 ?is life :i* is ha/5+ to a close2 :at is 8 aspect 9 ! view ( t incompreh5sible ,"o1 :o p]ceives at a s+le glance ! :ole details ( 8 moral hi/ory4 ,is he safe to meet ! full spl5d\r ( t eye2--has he no appreh5sion1 t1 :5 call$ to acc\nt 9 ! imm$iate pres5ce ( un]r+ purity1 he may n be able to answ]4 ,! man lives n1 :o c appeal to 8 own he>t & say1 aft] s]i\s inquiry1 t he c ?us meet ! p5etrat+ se>* ( him1 ^: k is p]fect1 z 8 purity is inf9ite3 ,! man lives n1 :o c look back ^u 8 :ole life1 )\t feel+1 t1 9 ! sight ( ?is unspott$ ,"o1 he is pollut$ ) guilt3 ,&1 if 8 he>t condemn him1 ) all its p>tiality = 8 own views & feel+s1 & all its =getfulness ( _m po9ts 9 8 moral hi/ory1 he mu/ feel t ,god is great] ?an 8 he>t1 & kn[e? all ?+s4 ,"u su* an impression1 to :at refuge %all he betake himself4 ,does he appeal to an indef9ite idea ( ! m]cy ( ! ,deity2--x mu/ be evid5t t ?is conveys no di/9ct pr9ciple1 & w n be> ! confid5ce :i* is ess5tial to hope & peace4 ,= we _c g to ! ext5t ( suppos+ a m]cy s indiscrim9ate1 t ! ,deity w dep>t f all ! laws :i* he has made1 & :i* he has impress$ ^u u z a "p ( our moral con/itution4 ,?is w\ld be ascrib+1 to inf9ite wisdom1 an indecision & a *ange ( purpose1 unwor?y ( ! weake/ human lawgiv]4 ,if1 !n1 we d n boldly assume ?is position1 h[ are we to draw ! l9e :]e su* m]cy is to t]m9ate2--& :]e ! ,almighty is to appe> 9 8 "* ( ju/ice1 z a righte\s moral gov]nor4 ,if we f9d t ea* individual fixes a diff]5t /&>d1 & t ea* ext5ds x s z to fav\r 8 own condition1 x is cle> t ! sy/em pres5ts no "* ( tru?1 & t x is incapable ( m9i/]+ to ! consolation ( him :o feels 8 own necessities1 & s]i\sly contemplates ! "* ( ,god4 ,he mu/ p]ceive t to apply su* reason+ to human enactm5ts1 w\ld be to repres5t !m z a mock]y ( ju/ice2 & t x is impossible ?us to argue1 respect+ ! laws ( him :o is inf9ite 9 hol9ess & b\ndless 9 wisdom4 ,he _c b ackn[l$ge t a univ]se gov]n$ 9 su* a mann] w\ld run into irrem$iable confusion & an>*y2 & w f9d x impossible1 on any pr9ciple :i* human reason+ c furni%1 to arrive at any o!r decision ?an ?is1--t ! ,judge ( all ! e>? mu/ be un*ang+ 9 8 purposes1 & imp>tial 9 8 ju/ice4 ,to ?is conclusion we are l$ by ! cle>e/ inductions ( moral sci5ce2--b1 at ?is mom5t\s po9t1 philosophy fails u4 ,no human p[] c f9d a refuge1 to :i* ! m9d c betake itself "u a s5se ( guilt2--no human wisdom c answ] ! inquiry ( mighty import1 c ,god be j & yet ju/ify ! ungodly4 ,b "h we are met by a light f heav51 :i* has bur/ ^u ! sc5e ( d\bt & ( d>kness2 & are call$ to br+ d[n ! pride ( our reason1 9 humble submission to ! te/imony ( ,god4 ,x comes support$ by a weight ( evid5ce1 :i* *all5ges ! cordial ass5t ( ! mo/ acute und]/&+1 & ! p[] ( :i* w be be/ appreciat$ by ^?1 :o1 ) s9c]e desire = tru?1 h made ! highe/ atta9m5ts 9 ! laws ( rigid inquiry4 ,x discloses an atonem5t made = s91--& an influ5ce f heav51 calculat$ to re/ore ! moral be+ to ! purity 9 :i* x 0 =m$4 ,x ?us meets alike ! necessities ( man1 z 9 a /ate ( actual guilt1 & a /ate ( moral degradation4 ,= ! "o1 x displays a s*eme ( m]cy 9 :i* ! integrity ( ! div9e "* is v9dicat$1 :ile p>don is ext5d$ to transgressors4 ,to ! o!r1 x (f]s p[] f heav51 :i* w correct ! disord]s ( ! moral con/itution1 & raise ! man anew to ! lik5ess ( ,god4 ,x ?us =ms a h>moni\s :ole1 uni=m & consi/5t 9 itself1--wor?y ( ! "* ( ,god1--& adapt$ to ! condition ( man2 &1 to e "o :o feels 8 own moral necessities1 & e/imates ! purity ( ! ,deity1 x br+s an absolute conviction ( its tru?4 ,a p>ticipation 9 ! b5efits ( ?is revelation ( div9e m]cy is said1 9 ! sacr$ writ+s1 to be receiv$ by ,fai?2 & ?is expression has giv5 rise to controv]sies & cont5d+ sy/ems1 :i* h involv$ ! subject 9 mu* p]plexity4 ,:ile "s h re/rict$ ! op]ation ( ,fai? to ! m]e belief ( a c]ta9 sy/em ( op9ions1 o!rs h ref]r$ to x a s]ies ( my/]i\s impressions1 & en?usia/ic feel+s1 at v>iance ) e dictate ( s\nd reason+4 ,! pr9ciple ( fai?1 h[ev]1 holds s prom95t a place 9 ! s*eme ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 t "s cle> notions respect+ its nature mu/ be felt to be ( ! highe/ int]e/4 ,x holds also1 z we h =m]ly se51 a mo/ important position 9 ! philosophy ( ! moral feel+s1--be+ t m5tal op]ation1 by :i* we receive a c]ta9 class ( tru?s1 ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce to u z responsible be+s4 ,x is a process :i* e "o feels1 b :i* _c be def9$2--& x c be illu/rat$ only by trac+ its influ5ce1 9 reg>d to ^? objects to :i* x is m p>ticul>ly direct$4 ,! objects ( fai? are tw(old1--tru?s address$ to ! und]/&+1--& b5efits (f]$ or promis$4 ,we h =m]ly _h occasion to trace ! action ( fai? 9 reg>d to tru?1--especially a class ( tru?s :i* are calculat$1 :5 really believ$1 to ex]t a p[]ful effect ^u our moral feel+s & conduct4 ,its op]ation1 we h se51 is to br+ ^! tru?s be=e u 9 su* a mann]1 t !y ex]t ! same k9d ( influ5ce z if ! facts or ev5ts 7 objects ( s5se4 ,! man :o believes ^! tru?s1 s z ?us habitually to feel !n p[]1 is he :o receives !m 9 fai?4 ,?is is ! prov9ce ( fai? 9 reg>d to tru?2--we h next to analyze its op]ation 9 reg>d to (f]$ or promis$ b5efits1--& ?is we c be/ d by means ( an example4 ,let u take ! illu/ration ( a man affect$ ) a disease suppos$ to be mortal2--he is told t a rem$y has be5 discov]$ ( infallible efficacy2 & t a p]son is at h& :o is ready to adm9i/] x4 ,does he p]ceive 8 dang]2--does he believe ! virtue ( ! rem$y2--does he confide 9 ! s9c]ity ( ! individual :o (f]s x2--?is is fai?4 ,! imm$iate & natural result ( 8 fai? is1 t he asks = ! rem$y :i* is (f]$2--& ?is result is insep>able f su* belief1 accord+ to ! uni=m sequ5ce ( volitions 9 e s\nd m9d4 ,! man :o pr(esses to admit ! facts1 & does n %ew su* a result ( belief1 pr(esses :at he does n actually feel4 ,if he p]ceives n ! ext5t ( 8 dang]1 he asks n ! rem$y1 because he values x n2--& ! same effect may foll[1 if he d\bts ei!r its efficacy1 or ! s9c]ity ( him :o (f]s x4 ,9 ?is case1 x is also to be obs]v$1 t a reflection is ?r[n ^u ! "* ( ?is individual1 by imput+ to him an (f] ( :at he has ei!r n ! p[] or ! int5tion to p]=m4 ,b if ! man really believes ! tru?s1 he applies = ! rem$y2 & he receives x4 ,?us 8 fai? saves him1 because by means ( x he b\ght ! (f]$ aid4 ,c\ld we suppose him m]ely to admit ! facts1 )\t ask+ ! rem$y1 8 belief w\ld avail him no?+4 ,su* appeals to be ! simple view we are to take ( ,fai?1 :5 we apply x to ! great b5efits :i* are pres5t$ to u 9 ! ,*ri/ian revelation4 ,?is is address$ to u z be+s 9 a /ate bo? ( guilt & ( depravity2 & z hav+ no means ( our own1 by :i* we c rescue ourselves f condemnation & impurity4 ,x unfolds a disp5sation ( peace1 by :i*1 9 p]fect consi/5cy ) ! h>mony ( 8 "*1 ! ,deity (f]s m]cy & =giv5ess1--& an influ5ce f himself :i* has p[] to purify ! moral be+4 ,^! b5efits are conf]r$ on e "o :o believes2 & :o is he t believes3--! man :o is conv9c$ ( 8 guilt1 & p]ceives 8 impurity2--:o feels 8 inability to rescue himself2--:o admits ! efficacy ( ! rem$y1 & confides 9 ! s9c]ity ) :i* x is (f]$2--?is is he :o believes4 ,8 fai? saves him2 because1 act+ on 8 conviction1 accord+ to ! uni=m sequ5ce ( volitions 9 e s\nd m9d1 he asks ! promis$ aid1 & ask+ receives x4 ,mu* ( ! confusion1 9 :i* ! subject has be5 involv$1 appe>s to h aris5 f metaphysical ref9em5ts1 by :i* ! v>i\s p>ts ( ?is m5tal process are sep>at$ f ea* o!r4 ,!y =m "o h>moni\s :ole1 :i* _c be brok54 ,! man w n seek ! rem$y1 :o believes n its efficacy1 & p]ceives n 8 moral necessities2 b1 h[ev] he may pr(ess to admit ^! facts1 if he foll[s n out 8 belief to its natural result1 by apply+ = ! rem$y1 8 m]e belief w n pr(it him4 ,! gr\nds1 on :i* ^! tru?s are address$ to u1 are conta9$ 9 t *a9 ( evid5ce on :i* is f\nd$ ! :ole sy/em ( ,*ri/ianity1--tak5 along ) ! conviction1 :i* e man receives ( 8 actual moral condition1 f ! voice ( consci5ce )94 ,a s5se ( ! s9c]ity ( ! (f] we d]ive f our impression ( ! un*angeable attributes ( ! ,deity4 ,accord+ly1 he :o believes is said to give glory to ,god1--t is1 to receive 8 /atem5ts ) absolute confid5ce1 & to =m an hon\rable conception ( ! s9c]ity ( 8 int5tions4 ,he :o believes n1 rejects ! /atem5ts ( ! ,almighty z false1--& treats him ) ! contempt :i* we apply to "o :om we suppose to promise :at he has no int5tion to be/[4 ,! man :o comes to ,god1 ) ! hope ( acceptance1 is !re=e requir$ to come 9 ! assurance ( fai?1 or an implicit conviction t he is s9c]e 9 8 int5tions ( be/[+ ! bless+s :i* he (f]s2 & :osoev] has n ?is assurance does di%on\r to ! div9e "*1--or make? ,god a li>4 ,x 7 va9 to ent] ^u ! v>i\s sy/ems & op9ions1 9 :i* ?is important doctr9e has be5 misrepres5t$ by its enemies1 & (t5 p]v]t$ by ^? :o pr(ess to be its fri5ds4 ,two ( ^! may be briefly notic$4 ,"s h ma9ta9$ t ! doctr9e ( an unconditional p>don sets aside ! obligations ( morality1--because x has no reg>d to ! p]sonal "* ( ! individual1--or holds out ! (f] ( acceptance to fai?1 )\t ob$i5ce4 ,o!rs cont5d t an ess5tial "p ( fai? is an imm$iate & absolute assurance ( a man's own acceptance 9 ! sight ( ! ,deity2 & t he :o has n ?is is 9 a /ate ( unbelief4 ,^! two op9ions1 s diff]5t f ea* o!r1 are equally f\nd$ ^u misconception ( ! nature & provisions ( ! ,*ri/ian economy4 ,9 reg>d to ! =m]1 x is only necess>y to rem>k1 t ! revelation ( ,*ri/ian tru? is n conf9$ to an (f] ( p>don to ! guilty2--its great object is ! recov]y & purification ( ! moral be+2 & !re is an ess5tial & inviolable union betwe5 ^! two p>ts ( ! great s*eme ( r$emption4 ,x provides 9 ! mo/ effectual mann] = ! int]e/s ( morality1 by ! purification ( ! desires & affections1 ! spr+s ( action2--x is ! morality ( ! he>t4 ,x proclaims a sy/em ( morals1 m pure & m exalt$ f> ?an ev] 0 contemplat$ by ! wise/ ( m52--x exhibits an example ( ! p]fect /ate ( a moral be+1 9 ! "* ( ! ,messiah2--& x en=ces ! imitation ( ?is example z indisp5sable 9 e "o :o pr(esses to be 8 disciple4 ,^! diff]5t p>ts ( ! s*eme c nev] be sep>at$1 & !re _c be a great] p]v]sion ( reason+1 or a great] misconception ( ! prom95t features ( ! gospel ( peace1 ?an to allege t x does n provide1 9 ! mo/ effectual mann]1 = ! highe/ int]e/s ( morality4 ,! o!r op9ion is equally f\nd$ ^u error1--namely1 t :i* consid]s x ess5tial to fai?1 t a man be assur$ ( 8 p]sonal acceptance 9 ! sight ( ! ,deity4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is is a sophism cle>ly oppos$ to s\nd reason+1 & to ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ! philosophy ( ! moral feel+s4 ,= fai?1 view$ z a m5tal process1 mu/ always h = its object facts2 & ^! facts mu/ re/ ^u su* evid5ce1 z is suffici5t to conv9ce ! und]/&+ ( _! tru?4 ,to talk ( fai?1 )\t su* facts & su* evid5ce1 is a m]e logical fallacy1 or an absurdity 9 t]ms4 ,b !re is no disclosure ( ! p]sonal acceptance ( any individual1 & consequ5tly1 on no pr9ciple ( s\nd reason+ c ?is ev] be consid]$ z ! object ( fai?4 ,?is doctr9e1 !re=e1 applies a mo/ important pr9ciple ( ! m9d1 n to facts1 :i* alone c w>rant ! ex]cise ( fai?1 b to a vision ( ! imag9ation1 :i* admits ( no evid5ce1 & _c be subject$ to any te/ ( its tru?4 ,widely diff]5t f all su* flimsy & imag9>y hypo!ses is ! great sy/em ( ,*ri/ian tru?1--h>moni\s & consi/5t 9 itself1 & *all5g+ ! approbation ( ! s\nde/ und]/&+4 ,x reveals1 z we h se51 a disp5sation ( m]cy1 9 accordance ) ! highe/ ideas we c =m ( ! div9e p]fections4 ,x is support$ by a *a9 ( evid5ce1 :i* c>ries conviction to ! m9d ( ! mo/ rigid inquir]2 & ?us x is a s\nd & legitimate object ( fai?4 ,x reveals also a provision = purify+ ! moral nature2 & ?is 9 e case accompanies ! disp5sation ( m]cy to ^? :o receive x4 ,! effects ( ?is p[]ful ag5cy1 !re=e1 become ! te/ & ! evid5ce ( ! reality ( fai?4 ,does a man seek a pro( ( 8 acceptance1--! ref]5ce is to facts 9 8 own moral condition4 ,he is to look = x 9 a *ange :i* is tak+ place 9 8 "*1--a new direction ( 8 desires1--a new regulation ( 8 affections1--a habitual impression1 to :i* he 0 a /rang] be=e1 ( ! pres5ce & ! p]fections ( ! ,deity--& a new light :i* has bur/ ^u 8 view1 respect+ 8 relations to ?is life & to t :i* is to come4 ,he is to seek ?is evid5ce 9 a m9d1 :i* aims at no l[] /&>d ?an t :i* w be> ! con/ant inspection ( inf9ite purity2--he is to seek x1 & to manife/ x to o!rs1 9 a _s :i* takes no l[] patt]n ?an t model ( p]fection1--! "* ( ! ,messiah4 ,^! acquirem5ts1 inde$1 are look$ ^u1 n z a gr\nd ( acceptance1 b a te/ ( moral condition2 n z1 9 any degree1 usurp+ ! place ( ! great pr9ciple ( fai?1 b z its fruits & evid5ces4 ,z ^!1 !n1 are ! only pro(s ( ! reality ( ?is pr9ciple1 s !y are ! only basis on :i* a man c re/ any s\nd conviction ( 8 moral aspect 9 ! sight ( ! ,deity2--& t sy/em is f\nd$ on delusion & falsehood1 :i*1 9 ?is respect1 holds out any o!r gr\nd ( confid5ce ?an ! purification ( ! he>t1 & a correspond+ h>mony ( ! :ole "*4 ,su* atta9m5t1 inde$1 is n made at once1 nor is x ev] made 9 a full & p]fect mann] 9 ! pres5t /ate ( be+2 b1 :]e ! great pr9ciple has be5 fix$ )91 !re is a p]sev]+ ef=t1 & a uni=m conte/1 & a cont9ual aspiration aft] con=mity to ! great model ( p]fection4 ,ea* /ep t a man ga9s 9 ?is progress s]ves to ext5d 8 view ( ! high patt]n to :i* 8 eye is /eadily direct$2 &1 z 8 k ( x is ?us enl>g$1 he is l$ by comp>ison to feel m & m deeply 8 own defici5cy4 ,x ?us produces increas+ humility1 & an increas+ s5se ( 8 own imp]fection1 & causes him cont9ually to feel1 t1 9 ?is w>f>e1 he requires a p[] :i* is n 9 man4 ,b he kn[s also t ?is is provid$1 z an ess5tial "p ( ! great sy/em on :i* 8 hope is e/abli%$4 ,amid mu* weakness1 !re=e1 & _m infirmities1 8 moral improvem5t goes =w>d4 ,fa9t & feeble at fir/1 z ! e>lie/ dawn ( ! morn+1 x becomes bright] & /eadi] z x proce$s 9 its c\rse1 &1 z ! %9+ light1 %9e? m & m unto ! p]fect day4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,ed9burgh3 ,pr9t$ by ,balf\r & ,jack1 ,niddry ,/reet4